United States Administration And EPA205-R-95-001
Environmental Protection Resources Management February 1995
Agency (3302)
&EPA Fiscal Year 1996
Justification of Appropriation
Estimates for Committee
on Appropriations
Recycled/Recyclable
Printed on Paper that contain:
at least 50% recycled paper
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUMMARY
AIR
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Air Quality Research 2-15
Acid Deposition Research 2-36
Global Change Research 2-39
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Air Quality and Stationary Source- Planning and Standards 2-48
Emission Standards and Technology Assessment 2-49
State Program Guidance and Air Standards Development 2-53
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy 2-57
Mobile Source Program Implementation 2-59
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment and Characterization . 2-61
Testing, Technical and Administrative Support 2-65
Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance 2-67
Resource Assistance for State, Local & Tribal Agencies 2-71
Resource Assistance for State and Local Agencies 2-72
Tribal Resource Assistance 2-76
Tribal Program Implementation 2-78
Air Quality Management Implementation 2-80
Air Quality Management Implementation 2-81
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment 2-85
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 2-86
Air Quality and Emissions Data Management and Analysis .... 2-89
Atmospheric Programs 2-94
Acid Rain Program 2-95
Stratospheric Protection Program 2-98
Global Change Program 2-102
Indoor Air Program 2-107
Indoor. Air Program . 2-108
Working Capital Fund 2-112
Working Capital Fund - Air 2-113
ENFORCEMENT
Stationary Source Enforcement 2-115
Stationary Source Enforcement 2-116
Mobile Source Enforcement 2-120
Mobile Source Enforcement 2-121
RADIATION 3-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Radiation Research 3-9
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 3-13
Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 3-14
Radiation Program Implementation 3-21
Radiation Program Implementation 3-22
Radon Action Program Implementation 3-24
Waste Isolation Piolot Project Implementation 3-27
Waste Isolation Pilot Project Implementation . 3-28
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
Page
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment 3-31
Radon Action Program 3-32
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment 3-35
Radon State Grant Program 3-40
Working Capital Fund - Radiation 3-42
Working Capital Fund - Radiation 3-43
WATER QUALITY 4-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research 4-11
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Water Quality and Grants Program Management 4-21
Great Lakes Program 4-22
Chesapeake Bay Program 4-25
Engineering & Analysis 4-29
Engineering and Analysis 4-30
Grants Assistance Programs 4-33
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) 4-34
Clean Lakes Program 4-37
Water Quality Cooperative Agreements 4-37
Water Quality Strategies Implementation 4-40
Wetlands Protection 4-42
Nonpoint Source Management Grants 4-45
Wetlands Program Implementation Grants 4-47
Ocean Disposal Permits 4-48
Water Quality Criteria, Standards & Applications 4-50
Water Quality Financial Assistance 4-53
Wastewater Management and Technology , . 4-56
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis 4-60
Coastal Environment Management 4-61
Assessment and Watershed Protection 4-65
Municipal Source Control . 4-71
Municipal Pollution Control 4-72
Water Quality Permit Issuance 4-75
Permit Issuance 4-76
Working Capital Fund-Water Quality ...... 4-79
Working Capital Fund - Water Quality 4-80
ENFORCEMENT
Water Quality Enforcement 4-83
Water Quality Enforcement 4-84
Wetlands Protection Enforcement 4-86
DRINKING WATER 5-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Drinking Water Research 5-9
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 5-21
Drinking Water Implementation 5-22
Drinking Water Criteria 5-26
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance 5-29
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants 5-30
Underground Injection Control Program Grants 5-33
Special Studies and Demonstrations 5-35
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
Page
Ground Water Protection 5-36
Ground Water Protection 5-37
Working Capital Fund-Drinking Water 5-42
Working Capital Fund - Drinking Water 5-43
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement 5-45
Drinking Water Enforcement 5-46
WATER INFRASTRUCTURE 6-1
Water Infrastructure-Municipal Waste Treatment Grants 6-7
Clean Water State Revolving Fund 6-8
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund 6-10
Mexican Border Projects 6-11
Special Needs 6-12
PESTICIDES 7-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research 7-11
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Generic Chemical Review 7-23
Generic Chemical Review 7-24
Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances 7-29
Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances 7-30
Pesticides Program Implementation 7-35
Pesticides Program Implementation 7-36
Pesticides Program Implementation Grants 7-40
Working Capital Fund-Pesticides 7-44
Working Capital Fund - Pesticides 7-45
ENFORCEMENT
Pesticides Enforcement 7-47
Pesticides Enforcement 7-49
Pesticides Enforcement Grants 7-51
TOXIC SUBSTANCES 8-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Toxics Substances Research 8-9
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Toxic Substances Strategies 8-23
Chemical Assessment and Management Program 8-25
National Program Chemicals 8-28
Lead State Grants 8-30
Chemical Testing 8-31
Existing Chemical Review 8-32
New Chemical Review 8-35
Regional Toxics Program 8-37
Asbestos in Buildings 8-38
Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know 8-40
Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know 8-41
Working Capital Fund - Toxic Substances 8-44
Working Capital Fund - Toxic Substances 8-45
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
Page
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement 8-47
Toxic Substances Enforcement 8-49
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants 8-51
Emergency Planning & Community Right to Know Enforcement 8-53
Emergency Planning & Community Right to Know Enforcement ... 8-54
HAZARDOUS WASTE 9-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research 9-11
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies 9-25
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Hazardous Waste .... 9-27
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Water 9-32
Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Underground
Storage Tanks 9-33
Financial Assistance 9-36
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States . . . 9-37
Financial Assistance Underground Storage Tanks State Grants . . 9-42
Hazardous Waste Management Strategies Implementation 9-44
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory
Strategies Implementation . 9-45
Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III 9-49
Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III .... 9-50
Working Capital Fund - Hazardous Waste 9-55
Working Capital Fund - Hazardous Waste 9-56
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement 9-57
Hazardous Waste Enforcement 9-58
MULTIMEDIA 10-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Multimedia Research 10-9
Headquarters Expenses 10-40
Lab & Field Expenses 10-42
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Environmental Review and Coordination . 10-45
Environmental Education Program 10-47
Environmental Review and Coordination 10-48
Regional Multimedia Programs 10-52
American Indian Environmental Office 10-54
Border Environmental Activities 10-56
Academic Training Grants 10-58
Academic Training 10-59
Cooperative Environmental Management ... 10-60
Cooperative Environmental Management 10-61
Analytical Environmental Services 10-64
Analytical Environmental Services 10-65
Pollution Prevention Activities 10-67
Pollution Prevention 10-68
Pollution Prevention State Grants 10-70
Office of Pollution Prevention 10-71
Pollution Prevention Projects 10-72
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
Page
Working Capital Fund - Enforcement 10-74
Working Capital Fund - Enforcement 10-75
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support 10-77
Enforcement Policy and Operations 10-81
Criminal Enforcement 10-84
Technical Support 10-88
Federal Facilities Enforcement 10-90
Sector and Multimedia Compliance 10-94
Regulatory Enforcement 10-99
Enforcement Capacity and Outreach 10-102
Hazardous Waste Site Remediation Enforcement 10-105
Pesticides Enforcement Grants 10-106
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants 10-108
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT 11-1
MISSION AND POLICY MANAGEMENT
Mission and Policy Management 11-7
Mission and Policy Management - Research and Development ... 11-11
Mission and Policy Management - Enforcement 11-13
Mission and Policy Management - Solid Waste
and Emergency Response 11-14
Mission and Policy Management - General Counsel 11-15
Mission and Policy Management - Air and Radiation 11-16
Mission and Policy Management - Inspector General 11-17
Mission and Policy Management - Water 11-18
Mission and Policy Management - International Activities . . . 11-21
Mission and Policy Management - Policy, Planning & Evaluation . 11-21
Mission and Policy Management - Administration and Resources
Management 11-23
Mission and Policy Management - Prevention, Pesticides
and Toxic Substances 11-24
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices 11-27
National Environmental and Training Education Foundation . . . 11-31
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization .... 11-32
Risk Assessment Management Commission 11-33
Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs 11-34
Office of Communications, Education, and Public Affairs .... 11-35
Office of Executive Support 11-37
Office of Regional Operations and State/Local Relations .... 11-38
Immediate Office of the Administrator 11-40
Administrator's Representation Fund 11-41
Office of Civil Rights 11-42
Science Advisory Board 11-44
Office of Administrative Law Judges 11-45
Office of Executive Secretariat 11-47
Office of Administration and Resources Management 11-49
Financial Management - Headquarters 11-52
Office of the Comptroller 11-53
Office of Environmental Justice 11-55
Human Resources Management 11-56
Organization and Health Services 11-58
Contracts and Grants Management - Headquarters 11-59
Facilities Management and Services 11-61
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
Page
Information Systems and Services 11-62
Office of General Counsel 11-67
Office of General Counsel 11-68
Office of the Inspector General 11-71
Office of the Inspector General 11-72
Office of International Activities 11-77
Commission on Environmental Cooperation 11-78
Office of International Activities 11-79
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 11-83
Office of Policy Analysis 11-84
Office of Regulatory Management and Evaluation 11-91
Office of Strategic Planning & Environmental Data 11-94
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management 11-99
Resource Management - Regions 11-101
Contracts and Grants Management - Regions 11-102
Regional Counsel 11-103
Regional Management 11-104
Planning, Evaluation and Analysis - Regions 11-105
Financial Management - Regions 11-107
Human Resources Management - Regions 11-108
Administrative Management - Regions 11-109
Working Capital Fund - OARM 11-111
Working Capital Fund - OARM 11-112
SUPPORT COST
Support Costs 11-113
Laboratory Support - Pesticides and Toxic Substances 11-116
Lab Support - Air and Radiation 11-117
Professional Training 11-117
Nationwide Support Services 11-119
Headquarters Support Services 11-120
Regional Support Services . 11-122
Automated Data Processing Support Costs 11-123
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES 12-1
New Facilities 12-5
New Facilities 12-6
Repairs and Improvements 12-8
Repairs and Improvements 12-9
SUPERFUND 13-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substance Research . . 13-13
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
Hazardous Substance Response 13-27
Hazardous Spill and Site Response 13-28
Hazardous Substance Response - Support 13-35
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water 13-36
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air and Radiation . . 13-37
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency 13-40
Department of Health and Human Services - ATSDR 13-42
Department of Health and Human Services - NIEHS ... 13-44
United States Coast Guard 13-45
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
Page
Department of Justice 13-47
Federal Emergency Management Agency 13-48
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 13-49
Department of the Interior 13-50
Occupational Safety and Health Administration 13-51
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement 13-53
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement 13-55
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement 13-58
Hazardous Substance Criminal Enforcement Program 13-61
Hazardous Substance Technical Support 13-62
Hazardous Substance Federal Facilities Enforcement 13-64
Hazardous Substance Site Remediation Enforcement 13-67
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Management and Support 13-71
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters .... 13-77
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions 13-78
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters . 13-79
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions .... 13-80
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Headquarters 13-81
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Regions 13-82
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller 13-83
Hazardous Substance Support Services -Nationwide/Headquarters 13-84
Hazardous Substance Support Services-Regions ... 13-85
Hazardous Substance Automated Data Processing Support ..... 13-86
Hazardous Substance Support Services - OIG 13-86
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters 13-87
Hazardous.Substance Legal Services - Regions 13-88
Hazardous Substance Mission and Policy - Inspector General . . 13-89
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General 13-91
Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 13-94
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Administrator 13-96
Hazardous Substance - Analytical Environmental Services .... 13-97
Hazardous Substance - Research and Development - Management
and Support 13-98
Working Capital Fund - Superfund 13-100
Working Capital Fund - Superfund 13-101
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS 14-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
LUST Research 14-5
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
LUST Guidelines and Implementation 14-11
Guidelines and Implementation - LUST Trust Fund 14-12
Working Capital Fund - LUST 14-14
Working Capital Fund - LUST 14-15
ENFORCEMENT
LUST Legal Enforcement 14-17
LUST Legal Enforcement 14-18
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
LUST Management and Support 14-21
LUST Support Services - Nationwide/Headquarters/Regions .... 14-23
LUST Support Services - OIG Headquarters 14-23
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
Page
LUST Administrative Management 14-24
Legal Services - Office of General Counsel 14-25
Office of the Inspector General -LUST 14-25
OIL SPILLS RESPONSE 15-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Oil Spill Response Research 15-5
OIL SPILLS-TRUST FUND
OPA - Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention 15-11
OPA - Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention 15-12
ENFORCEMENT
OPA - Enforcement 15-15
OPA - Enforcement Policy and Operations 15-16
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
OPA - Support Services • 15-19
Oil Spill Response - Nationwide Support Services 15-20
Oil Spill Response - Headquarters Support Services 15-20
Oil Spill Response - Regional Support Services 15-21
Office of Administrative Law Judges (Oil Pollution Act) .... 15-21
Working Capital Fund - Oil Spills 15-23
Working Capital Fund - Oil Spills 15-24
NON APPROPRIATED FUNDS 16-1
USER FEES 17-1
ADMINISTRATIVE CEILINGS 18-1
SPECIAL ANALYSES
EPA ORGANIZATIONAL CHART 19-1
EPA REGIONAL OFFICES - LOCATIONS 19-2
OBJECT CLASSIFICATION - BY APPROPRIATION ' ' 19-3
PERMANENT POSITIONS BY GRADE - BY APPROPRIATION 19-7
AVERAGE GRADE AND SALARY 19-16
SUMMARY OF STATE GRANTS 19-17
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Alphabetic Subject Index
Academic Training Grants 10-58,59:
Accidental Release Provisions 9-3,6,50,51:
Acid Deposition 2-2,11,15,16,18,36,
37,72,74,116:10-18:
Acid Rain 2-3,6,8,37,73,75,94-
98,117-119:10-82,101,
102:
Administrative Actions 10-83:11-6,75:15-
13,14,16,17:
Administrative Law Judges 11-3,5,45,103: 15-
21,22:
ADP Technical Support 11-4,120:
Agency for Toxic Substances and
Disease Registry (ATSDR) 13-8,36,40,42-44:
Air Quality Monitoring 2-75,86
Air Toxics 2-2,3,5,6,10,
11,18,21-23,29,
30,49-53,61,72-76,82-
84,92,93,116-119:3-
4:8-2:10-82,87,102:
Alaskan Native Villages 1-6:4-54,55:6-3-5,
9,12,13:
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) 11-42:13-5,6,55,
56,59,67,68:
Alternative Fuels 2-5,29,30,64
Aquatic Organisms 15-8:
Asbestos Accreditation Programs 8-28:
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) .... 8-3,28,39:10-99,101:
Asbestos-in-Buildings . . . .' 8-8,39:
Asbestos Research 8-39:
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) 8-3,38,39:
B
Base Closure 13-6,30,66:
Basic Research Grant 13-8,45:
Beach Cleanup 4-50:
Best Available Control Measures (BACM) 2-82,83
Biological Pesticides 7-26,27,32,34:
Bioremediation 9-2,7,12-14,19,
20:13-2,8,19,
20,23,24:15-6,
7,8,9,14:
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Biotechnology 7-2,6,15-18:8-2,
4,6,7,11,13,25,26,36,
37:11-24,116,117:
Buildings and Facilities 1-4,3-4,15:11-61:12-
1-3,5,6,8,9:
C
Center for Environmental Research Information 9-22:10-32:
CERCLA 1-5:9-54:10-97:11-
40,41,90:13-1,3,
6 ,28 , 29 , 31, 32 ,42,
43,46,47,51,52,61-
66,88,89,94-96:
CERCLA Section 120 13-6,31:
Certification and Training (C&T) 7-5,37-44:
Chemical Emergency Planning 9-6:
Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board . . . . 9-51:
Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) 4-21,25,26:
Chief Finacial Officer's Act (CFO) 11-52,53,80:13-
7,77,78:15-4:
Class II Wells - Oil and Gas 5-40,46,47:
Clean Air Act (CAA) 2-1,20,21,24,
29,37,43,49,50,
55,116,117:9-3, 6,50-
54:10-7,48,50,81,82,
83,99-101,108:11-47,
86,90:
Clean Fuels 2-64,65,74
Clean Lakes 1-6:4-9,33, 37,67,69:
Clean Vehicles 2-4,5,8,61,63,65
Clean Water SRF 1-6:4-53:6-2, 3,8:
Climate Change Action Plan 1-4,2-2,61-63,100,
103:9-29:10-28:11-6,
84,89,90,105:
Coastal Ecosystems 10-17:
Coastal Environment Management 4-61:
Coastal Zone Act
Reauthorization Amendments (CZARA) 4-3,46,66-69:
Colonias 1-6:4-6,54,73:6-4,5,
11,12:10-56:
Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) 4-34-36,57,59,74,76-
78
Common Sense Initiative 1-2,4,:2-50,54,82:3-
14,17:4-6,30,31,56,
58, 59:9-5,8,27,30,
31,38,45,47:10-3,14,
26-29,89,96:11-5,19,
22,63,84,89,91:
Community Based 3-39
Community Involvement 13-3,4,7,28,64:
Community Environmental Response
Facilitation Act (CERFA) 13-66:
1.0
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Community Right-to-Know (CAA) 8-41,54:9-3,6,49,
50,53,54:10-7,81,
90,91,99:11-46:
Compliance Inspections 8-49,50,54,56:10-66,
108:13-52:
Comprehensive State Ground Water
Protection Programs (CSGWPPs) ... 4-35,36:5-37,39:
Consent Decrees 10-6,80,83:13-47,
61,64:
Consulting Services , 2-91,113:3-16,43:4-
8,31,43,51,55,58, 62,
67,80:5-7,24,27,38,
43 : 7-3 , 9 ,46:8-27,
42,45:9-56:10-8,41,
43 , 75:11-13,18,19,
35,36,38,44,46,47,63,
112:13-9,90,101:14-
15,26:15-24:18-1:
Contaminated Sediments 4-6,7,23-25:10-33,
34:13-23:
Contingency Plans 1-5,4-35:13-50,52:15-
3,4,12-14:
Contract Lab Program (CLP) 13-7,30:
Contracts and Grants Management 11-4,59,60,102:13-81,
82:14-24:
Control Technology Guideline (CTG) 2-51
Construction Completions 13-4,5,7,11,12:
Cooperative Environmental Management 10-60,61:11-5:
Cooperative Agreements 1-6:4-37:6-8:
Corps of Engineers (COE) 4-44,48-50,54,74,87:
5-13:
Corrective Action 9-3-5,8,9,15,16,18,
19,28,30,32,33,35,37-
43, 45,46,47,59-61:
10-7,38,105,106:12-3,
9:13-18:14-3,12,13,
18:
Cost Recovery 13-6,11,12,47,55-
61,63,64,67-69,77-
80,83,93:14-12,26:
Council on Sustainable Development 10-61:11-23,40,85:
Criminal Enforcement Program 10-6,82,84,85-89:13-
61,62,64:
Criminal Investigations 10-80,86,87,89: 13-
11,12,61-64:
D
De Micromis Settlements 13-56,59:
De Minimis Settlements 13-47,48,55,58-60,67:
Delisting 8-41:9-15:13-89:
Delivery of Analytical Services (DAS) 13-30:
Department of Defense (DOD) 2-61:3-18,19,36,38:
4-25:5-13:10-92,94:
11-81:13-6,20,28, 64-
11
-------
67:
Department of Interior (DOI) 10-92:13-8,50,51,64,
65:
Department of Justice (DOJ) 5-47,48:9-61:10-6,
84,88,89,100:11-3,69:
13-40,47,48,68,77:15-
14,17:
Department of Transportation 2-61:9-5,59:15-12,13:
Design for the Environment (DE) 8-6,33:9-47:10-68:13-
5,47,48,55-60,67:
Drinking Water Enforcement 5-6,45,46,48:
Drinking Water Implementation 5-22,25,31:
Drinking Water Protection Area (DWPA) 5-39:
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) 1-6:5-3-5:6-4, 5,10:
E
Early Actions - Superfund 13-3,5,11,12, 29,31:
Ecological Risk Assessment 4-5,8,12,15,16,50,
52:5-13:6-9:7-13,16:
8-12:9-7,14:10-15,18,
25,49:13-15:
Economic Redevelopment 11-85:13-3-5,28,29,
55-60,67,68,94,95:
Ecosystems 1-4:2-11,27,36,37,
40,42,43,53,78:4-3-
5,7,14,16,46,50-52,
57,65,66,76,77,84:5-
13,17,28,38:7-15,16,
23:8-12,56:9-7,14,15,
24:10-2 ,3,5,14-18,
36,38,56 61,62, 66,
81,82,84:11-11,90,93:
13-2,15:
Ecosystems Protection Research Program 4-7:9-15:13-15:
Effluent Guidelines 4-6 ,10 ,-30 , 31, 32 , 78 :
8-33:10-26:13-36:
Effluent Guidelines Task Force 4-31:
Emergency Exemptions 7-35:
Emergency Management Institute 13-49:
Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know (EPCRA) 8-3,5,35,36,41,43,
48,54,56:9-3,50,52-
54:10-7,81,90,91,99:
10-7,70,81,82,90,91,
97,99,101,108:11-46,
47:
Emergency Preparedness 3-5,15,16,18:8-5:9-
50,52,54:13-48,49:
Emergency Response Team (ERT) 3-5,15,18,36,37:15-
12,13:
Endangered Species Act (ESA) 10-4,49:
Enforcement 1-2,1-3,1-6:17-2:
12
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Enforcement Capacity and Outreach 10-7,102-104:
Enforcement Policy and Operations 10-5 , 81,85 :15-J.6 :
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support 10-80,81:
Enforcement - Air 2-2,3,8,59,67-70, 72
76,78,96,100,115-121
Enforcement - Drinking Water 5-4,6,8,26,31,32,33
34,45-48:
Enforcement - Hazardous Substance 13-3,5,6,11,12,28,
31,37,38,41,46-48,52-
69,77,78,82,83, 88,
91,96,98:
Enforcement - Hazardous Waste 9-3,5,6,8,9,34,38-
42,45,4 7,50,52-
54,57-61:
Enforcement - LUST 14-3,17-19,25,26,:
Enforcement - Management and Support 11-3,5-9,13,14,37,
40,41,44,46,62,64,68,
69,72,79,103,120,121:
Enforcement - Multimedia 10-3-8,32,48-52,54,
56-57,65-66,73-75,77-
109:
- Oil Spills 15-3,12-17:
- Pesticides 7-5-7,26,32,37,39,
40,43,48-53:
- Radiation 3-23^24,40:
Enforcement - Toxic Substances 8-5,28-31,43,47,
49,50-56:
Enforcement - Water Quality 4-3,7,9,34-36,38,
44,46,48,49,54,83-87:
Environmental Appeals Board 11-3,5,40,41:13-96:
Environmental Education 10-2,30,31,45-48,52,
59,69,73:11-5,31, 36,
37,41,104,:
Environmental Education and
Training Foundation 10-47,48:11-31:
Environmental Justice 1-2:2-10,22,118,
119 : 4 -6 , 7 , 23 , 50,
54,58,62,84:5-46:6-
5 , 8 : 8-4,6,34,37 :9-
4,6,23,27,30,39,
45,47,54:10-4,7,48-
50,89,100,102-105:11-
4,32,33,36,37,42-44,
55,56,85-87,104,
106:13-4,29,31-33,39,
44,55,58,67,94,95:
Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment Program (EMAP) : 2-11,37:4-70:10-16,
18,19:
Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring 3-3,36:
Environmental Review and Coordination 10-4,45-48:
Environmental Services Division (ESD) 12-10:13-80,96:
Environmental Statistics 11-97:
Environmental Technology Initiative (ETI) 1-4:2-62,91,92:4-2,
4,5,56,58,59,73:8-
Enforcement
Enforcement
Enforcement
13
-------
2,6, 34:9-22:10-2,3,
14,28 , 29, 30,32,68,
69,92,9.5,97,98:11-5,
6,22,23,79,80,
81,86,89:
Existing Chemical Review 8-7,32,33:
F
Facility Response Plans 15-3,4,12,14:
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 13-8,48,49:15-14:
Federal Facility Compliance 10-90:
Federal Facilities Enforcement 13-65:
Federal Facility Tracking System (FFTS) 10-92,93:13-65,66:
Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act (FFDCA) 7-3:16-1:
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA '88) 7-1,2,6,24,25,27,
28 , 51-53:10-81,99,
106,107:11-1,2,113,
114,116,119,120:16-
3:1-1:
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center 10-88:13-61:
Federal Managers Financial
Integrity Act (FMFIA) 11-73,80:13-30,32,
77,84,92:
FIFRA Revolving Fund 16-3,4:
Financial Assistance 2-99:4-6,42,48,53-
56,72:5-31:6-3,4,9:8-
3:9-36,37,42,48:10-
30,31,62:11-32,33:13-
4,32:
Financial Audits 11-6,73:13-7,1,92:
14-26,27:
Financial Responsibility Requirements 14-18:
Five Year Strategy 4-22,23:
Free-product Recovery 14-8:
Freedom Of Information Act (FOIA) 11-5,6,13,17,18,23,
24,47,48,104,105:13-
65,89,90:
Fuel Economy 2-5,12,57-59,61-63,
65-67,69,70,121
Geographic Information Systems (CIS) 4-66:5-11,18 40:9-22:
10-32,34,39:11-62,64,
97,109:13-39:
Global Change . . 2-11,15,19,39-44,81-
82,94,102,103,105
Global Climate Change 2-11,19,40,41,87:11-
5:
GLOBE Program 11-36:
Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) 7-50-52:8-49,50:10-
97,98,102:
14
-------
Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) 2-3:10-3:11-6,14,52-
54,80,95,96,98,105-
107: 13-7,77,94,95:
14-3:
Grand Canyon Visibility Commission 2-73,75,76:
Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO) 4-22-25
Great Lakes Program 4-21,22,25:
Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2-3,40,61,62,103,
105:10-28:11-89,
93,105:
Groundwater .'. 4-73:5-10-14,
16,17,37:7-3,5,
26,32,34,37-44,50-
53:8-13 :9-7,14-16,
21,24,46,61:10-12,
32,92,107:13-2,16,
17,20,24,38,39:14-7-
9:
Groundwater Research 9-16:14-7:
Gulf of Mexico 4-3,12,13,15,
16,62,64,65:9-
38,40,45,60:10-
13,82,84:11-19,
21,64:
H
Habitat Restoration Strategy 4-26,
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) 9-3,9,28,37,40,58-60:
Hazardous Substance Criminal Enforcement Program . . . 13-61:
Hazardous Substance Enforcement 9-57,58,60:
Hazardous Substance Federal
Facilities Enforcement 13-64,65:
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement 13-58,65,67:
Hazardous Substance Response 13-3,27,28,33,35-
37,40-42,53-55,
79,80,84-87:
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement 13-55,56,57, 67,68,:
Hazardous Substance Technical Support 13-62:
Hazardous Waste Identification Rule (HWIR) 9-30,31,41:
Hazardous Waste Permitting 9-30:
Hazardous Waste.Research 9-7,11,12,14,
15,17,22:
Health Assessments 2-31:13-8,42-44:
Health Effects 2-5-7,11,22,25-34,43-
46,67, 68,81,102:3-3,
16,18:7-2,6,18,
20,44:8-2-4,15:10-
14,21,23:11-33:13-19,
39,42-44,46:
Health Effects - Drinking Water 5-2,5,10,12,14,
15,16,22,28:
Health Effects Institute - Air 2-29,31:
15
-------
Health Risk Assessment
High Performance Computing
& Communication (HPCC)
7-20:8-4,11,15-17:10-
11,14,23-25:11-5:13-
21:
10-4,38,39,43:
Incineration
Indian Tribes
Indoor Air
Industrial Non-Hazardous Waste
Innovative Technologies . . . .
Integrated Contracts Management System
Interagency
Interagency Agreements (IAG)
Interagency Testing Committee (ITC)
International Activities
Investigations
2-21:9-12,19:
2-4,72,74,75,77,
78,83, 88,89:4-4,8,
34,35,37,48,52-55,
57,78:5-5,8,23,30:6-
3,4,9:7-28,43,44,
50,53:9-29, 30,53:10-
28,107:
2-2,3,8,9,11, 17,18,
32,33,34,103,107,
108,109-111, : 3-24,
36-38,40:8-4,35:10-
11,21: 11-59:12-3,6:
9-4,27,29,30,31:
2-23,31,34, 37,45:4-
4,16, 24,74:5-16:7-
21:8-17:9-4,38,46:
10-14,19,20,26-29,31,
36,92, 95,99:11-86,
89 : 13-8,14,17 , 18 ,
22,24:14-3,8,12,
13:15-8:
11-60,64,119:
1-4:2-34,68-70,117:
3- 18 , : 4-6 , 28 ,45 ,
49,55,66,67,68,74,87:
7-5,43,44:8-25, 28,
32,34:10-5, 13,22,
29,33,38,49,50,54,
91-93:10-56,60,72-74,
80,81,86,102:13-3,8,
33,40-42,48,64,
66,77,82,83:15-7:
1-4:11-60,72-74,80,
102:13-33,64-66,82,
83:
8-25,32:8-25,32:
8-43:10-4,30,
50,51,72:11-
3,5,21,62,77-79,90:
1-4:3-11:8-7:9-52:10-
6,65,80, 84-90:11-
4,6, 42,44,72-75:13-
7,11,12,28,31,32,36,4
9,61-64, 91-93,98:14-
3, 26,27:
16
-------
Judicial Referrals .................. 9-61:10-80, 101:15
13,14, 16,17:
L
Labelling ............. . .......... 7-33:11-86:
Lakewide Management Plans (LaMPs) ........... 4-22,24,25, 62,63:
Land Disposal ...................... 9-7,28,30,32, 37,40,
41,46,48,58:10-100:
Lead and Copper Rule ................. 5-6,25,30-32,46,47:
Lead and Other Heavy Metals .............. 8-19:10-3,33:
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks ........... 14-1-14,17-27: 15-
9:18-9:
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Research (L.U.S.T.) ................ 1-1,1-3,1-4,1-6:
Legal Enforcement ................... 10-5,82:13-53-55,58-
60,65, 67:14-17,18:
Legislative Reforms ................. 1-5:13-3,6,28-31:5:7-
28:
Listing/Delisting ................... 2-8,101:4-67,68:9-
7,15,28, 30,32:13-
43,66,89,92: 16-3:
Maintenance Fee .................... 7-6:16-3:17-1
Marine ........................ 2-43,46,53, 61,63-
65,67,3-3:4-3,4,
7 , 14 , 48-50 , 57 , 61-
65:10-2,17,19,83:11-
5,20,80:13-8,49,50:
Master Testing List (MTL) ............... 8-26,32:
Material Weaknesses .................. 11-53:13-7,30, 32:
Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) ..... 2-5,6,49-54,89,
90,92,93:10-27:
Memorandum of Understanding .............. 3-19:4-65:10-49:15-
12,13
Methane Emissions (Air) ................ 2-7,19,43,105
Mexico Border .................... 6-4:
Midwest Flood ..................... 14-13:
Minority Academic Institutions Research ........ 9-22,23:
Mission and Policy Management ............. 11-3,7-18,21,23,
24:13-90:
Mobile Source Enforcement (Air) ............ 2-120, 2-121
Mobile Source Pollutants ............... 2-30,
Montreal Protocol (Air) ................ 2-3,8,20,43,98-102,
Motor Pool ...................... 11-120:15-20:
17
-------
Multimedia 1-2:2-2,11,23,25,
31,33,34,36-37,
45,53,72,76,117,118,
121:3-40:4-2,7,
13,16,35,38,46,
54,86:5-2,4,11,
13,16,17,31,33,46:7-
16,21,43,50,52:8-5,
12,17 ,25, 31,49,50,
56:9-2,15,39,42,
58:10-1-6,8-10,14,15,
19-21,23-27,30,32-
34,37 , 38 ,45-47,49-
52,54,58-61,64,65,6
7,68,74,75,77-83,88-
90,94-98,101,107-
109:11-5:
Municipal Solid Waste 9-4,8,12,22,29,
31,32,46,47,48:11-89:
N
National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program (NAPAP) 2-11,36,97:
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) . . . . 2-3,4,10,11,18,
23,24,25,27-29, 54-
56,72,7-6,89, 90-
93,117,118
National Contingency Plan (NCP) 13-3,29,48,56, 59:15-
13:
National Emission Standards 2-59,64,77,116: 3-
22:10-82:
National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC) . . . 10-6,85,88, 89:13-62-
64:
National Enforcement Training Institute (NETI) .... 10-103,104:
National Environmental Service Officer(NESO) 13-96,97:
NESHAPS 2-77,78,116,11-8,
119:3-4,15-17,19,22-
24:
National Estuary Program 4-3,61,63,64:
National Exposure Registry 13-42,43:
National Fire Academy 13-49:
National Human Exposure Assessment
Survey (NHEAS) 10-10,22:
National Institute of Environmental and
Health Sciences (NIEHS) 8-16:13-2,8,40,
44,45:
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) 2-24,38:4-69:9-53:13-
8,49,50:
National Performance Review (NPR) 4-65,78:10-93: 11-
5,15,52-54,56,57,
72,73,91,92:13-77:
18
-------
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations 5-6,26,27,46,48:
National Priorities List 13-3,42,43,47, 59,64.
National Resources Defense Council (NRDC) 4-30,31:
National Response Center 13-8,46:
National Response System 13-48,50:
National Response Team 9-51:13-44,46, 48-51:
National Rural Water Association (NRWA) 5-35:
National Science and Technology Council 2-11,40,10-31:
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) 2-11,24,50,52,
77,116,
National Water Quality Inventory 4-67,68,70:
National Wetlands Conservation Alliance 4-45:
Navigable Waters 15-3:
Near Coastal Waters 4-46
NEEDS Survey 4-56:5-23:6-3, 4,12:
New Chemical Follow-up , 8-36:
New Facilities 9-40,61:12-5,6:
New Headquarters 11-59,62,120:12-3,6:
Nitrogen Oxide 2-37,51,90:10-39:
Nonpoint Source 1-3,1-4,1-6:4-5,
15 ,26-28, 36,40-42,
45,50-52,64,68,69:5-
13:6-4,5,6,9:
North American Commission for
Environmental Cooperation 10-4,49:11-78:
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) 2-11,36,37,62,9 6:4-
2,54,55 ,74:6-4,11,
12:7-28: 9-6,39,
52,59:9-59:10-4,
49,50,51,57,61,63,
99:11-20,78,80,
81,97:
Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA) 8-38,39:9-51, 52:13-
9,51,52:
Office of Administration and
Resources Management 4-44,63,68,80:5-24,
39,43:8-25:10-40,
42,75:11-4,17,19,49-
52, 62,64:13-90:
Office of Enforcement and
Compliance Assurance 4-7,44,87:8-28,50:
10-3,5,81,94,96,98,
103,105:11-14:13-77:
Office of General Counsel 11-3,6,15,16,67,
68,90:14-25:
Office of Inspector General 1-1,1-3:11-6,11,18,
71-73,121,123:13-7,
90,92:14-23:
Office of Policy Analysis (OPA) 11-3,84-90:13-94,
95:15-3,12-17,19,21:
19
-------
Office of Regulatory Management and
Evaluation (ORME) 11-3,91-94:13-94-96:
Office of Strategic Planning and Environmental
Data (OSPED) 11-3,94-98,13-94
96:
Oil Pollution Act 1-5:10-84,102:15-1,
3,7,11,12,15,17,19:
Oil Spill 1-1,1-5:10-2,35,
36:11-46:15-3,5,8,9,
12,13,14,16,20,21:
Oil Spills Response 1-1,1-5:15-5, 20,24:
On-Scene Coordinators 13-14,25,46,48-50:
Operational Guidance 15-12:
Orphan Share 1-6:13-5,6,30:
Outreach Materials 5-5,37,38:9-5: 15-14:
Ozone 1-4:2-2-5,7,8,10,
11,16-20,23-31,
34,39,43-45,54-56,59,
60, 62-64,72-76,81,
84,86-94,98,102,116,
118,119: 5-15:10-28,
38,39,53,82, 100,
101,:
Particulate Matter (PM-10) 2-4,10,16,23,25-27,
52 , 54-56,72-76,81-
84,86-93:10-20:11-90:
Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles 2-61:
Performance Partnerships Grants 1-2,1-4,1-6:4-54:
Pesticide Disposal 7-38,43:
Pesticide Enforcement 7-50-52:10-78,79:
Pesticide Tolerance Fee 7-7:17-1:
Pesticides in Groundwater 7-53:10-107:
Pesticides Program Implementation 1-3:7-5,36,
37,41,50,51:
Pesticides Registration 1-1
Petroleum 1-2,1-6:2-50,53,
64,117:4-32,9-3,5,8,
15,27,30,31,32,34,
38,47:10-26:13-20:
14-3,14-8,14-26:15-
12,13:
Pipeline 2-106:10-84:13-5,
31,32,67:
Pollution Prevention 1-2,1-4:2-3,6,22,23,
34,50,52,61,63,104,
105,117:4-3,6,17, 23,
24,26-28,30,31,34,
36,38,39,47,53-55,
58,62,64,73,74,77,
20
-------
Pollution Prevention Activities
Pollution Prosecution Act . . .
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBS)
Postage
Potentially Responsible Parties (PRP)
Pre-Manufacture Notice (PMN) ....
Pretreatment
Prince William Sound
Procurement Fraud Division
Professional Training
Protocol Development
Public Water Systems Supervision (PWSS)
84-86:5-46,7-3,5,
26,27,39,40:8-3,4,6,
25,26,29,33,36,38,39,
41-43,50,51,54,56:9-
4, 5,8 , 12,13,18,20,
21,27,28,30,37,38,39,
40,42,45,46,60:10-2,
4,7,10-3 , 25,26,27,
29,32,48,49,51,52,53,
56,57,63,67,68,69,70,
71,72, 73,83,87-94,
100-102: 11-3,5,25,
36,37,40,41,59,73,
86,87,90,106,107,120:
13-80,94,95:15-4,13,
16,17:
1-4:2-62:4-26, 39:8-
3,43,51:10-
56,57,67,68,72:11-
107:13-80:
10-6,25,26 84, 86-
90,103:
4-24,51:8-3-5,
10,16,17,28,30,34,37,
48-50:9-19:10-84:12-3
: 1 3 - 2 0 , 2 1 :
2-91,113:3-16, 43:4-
8,30,43,51, 55,56,58,
59,62,67,80:5-
7,24,27,38,43:7-46:8-
26,42,45:9-29, 33,
34,56:11-5,13,17,
19,22,23,35,38,40,44,
45,47,62,112,119,120:
13-31,85,87,90,
101 : 14- 15 ,26 : 15 -
13,24:18-1,3,5,7,9:
1-6:13-3,5,6, 33,46-
48,56-61,67,68:15-14:
7-22:8-5,6,18,19,
26,36,37:17-1:
4-6,34,37-39,57,58,
74,76,77,78,84-86:10-
57, 87,100:
15-7:
11-74:13-93:
11-113,114,117:18-3:
2-10,25:15-8
1-3:5-2,4-6,23,24,
26,30,32,46,48:6-
2,8:10-102:
21
-------
Quality Assurance 2-10,18,22,35,46,
67,73,75, 84,86-
88,90:3-4,20,28,30,
36-39:4-18:5-5,19,
23,25:7-22:8-17,20:9-
17,18, 23:10-4,15,37,
38,65:11-52,52,107:
13-18,23, 30,77,98:
Radioactive Waste 3-3-6,14-17,28-30:10-
7:11-81:
Radon Action Program 3-3,21,24-26,31-34:
Radon Proficiency and Testing Fee 17-2:
Radon State Grants 3-31:
Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) . . . . 2-50,51,56
Recalcitrant Owners 14-18:
Recycling 2-7,98,100, 101:4-
6,30,58, 65,86:8-
29:9-4,5,8,17,27,
28,29,31,32,37,45,46,
48:10-87:11-85,86,
89:13-80:
Reformulated Gasoline 2-5,30,31:3-15,
17,19:61,64,65,
68,69:10-100, 102:
Regional Management 4-15:11-3,4, 38,99-
101,104, 105,111,112:
Regional Multimedia Programs 10-52:
Regional Toxics Program 8-23,24,29,
30,37,49,50:
Registration 2-6,67,68:7-3-5,7-
10,21,25, 27,30-
33,35:16-3:17-2:
Regulatory Enforcement 2-121:4-86,7-50:8-
49:9-58:10-5,77,
78,79,82,99,100,101:
Regulations Development - Hazardous Waste 5-46:
Releases 1-5,1-6:3-4,10,
15,17,35,37,39:7-16,
17 : 8-3 ,4,6,41,43,
49,55:9-6,8,32,33,38,
58:10-7,73,84,91,93,
99,105:11-104,105:13-
3,8, 37,43,46,47,49,
57:14-3,4,7,8,12,13:
15-4,12, 13:
Remedial Action Plans (RAPs) 4-22,23,25,62, 64:13-
37,38:
Remedial Design/Remedial Actions 4-24:8-50,51:13-
3,5,6,8,11,12,16,30-
33,48,50, 52,66,92:
22
-------
Remedial Investigation/Feasability
Studies (RI/FS) , 13-28,31,33,
36,55,56,66:
Remedy Selection 9-45:13-6,89:
Removal Orders 15-14:
Reorganization 2-69,118,121:4-
42,86,87:5-46:7-50-
52:8-49-51:9-58,58:
10-3,81, 82,92,96,98,
100,101,103,104,106,1
08,109:11-13,14,54,
57,108:13-28,31,55,
56,64,65,69:15-16:
Repairs and Improvements . 1-5:10-42:
Reregistration (of Pesticides) 10-82:17-1:
Research and Development 1-4:18-1:
Research and Development - Air Quality 2-10,11,18,
21,23,29,32,
36,39,43,44
Research and Development - Building and
Facilites 12-3:
Research and Development - Drinking Water 5-2,6,12-14,17:
Research and Development - Hazardous Waste 9-2,14,18,19,
20,21,22,
Research and Development - LUST 14-2:
Research and Development - Management and
Support 11-3,4,11, 12,63,98:
Research and Development - Multimedia 10-1-3,14,15,17,21,
23-25,27-30,32-
34,38,40, 42,59:
Research and Development - Pesticides 7-2,3,15-18,
20,21,26:
Research and Development - Oil Spills 15-2:
Research and Development - Radiation 3-1,6:
Research and Development - Superfund 13-2,3,8,14,20,23,
24,73,74,76,98,99:
Research and Development - Toxic Substances 8-2,4,11,13-15,17-
19:
Research and Development - Water Quality 4-2,7,8,14-16, 18,63:
Research to Improve Health Risk
Assessments (RIHRA) 10-25:
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) 4-19:5-38,40:9-3,4,
7 , 8 , 9,12,14-16,18 ,
19,21,25-32,37,39,40-
42,45-47,60:10-7,
26,39,81-87,91,93,
99-101,105,108:11-34,
40,46,90:13-62: 17-3:
Risk Assessment Management Commission 11-33:
Risk Assessments , 1-4:2-11,16,17,22-
25,28,30,45,52,111:
3-15,18:4-5,6,8,12,
13,15-17,25,50-52,
61:5-10,13,15,16,26,
23
-------
27:6-9 : 7-13,14,16,
18-22,27:8-4,10,
11,12,15-17, 30:9-
3,7,12,14,15,17,
31,41,42,46-48:10-
2,10-12,14-16,18,19,
21,23-25,49:11-5,27,
29,33,34,45,87,106,10
7:13-8,15,21,29,37-
39:
Risk-Based Decision Making 14-3,12,13:
Risk Management Plans 9-3,51:
Rural Community Assistance Program (RCAP) 5-35:
S
Safety Health and Environmental
Management Division (SHEMD) 11-59:13-79:
Science Advisory Board (SAB) 2-9,32,108:5-16:10-21
: 11-3 , 5,28-30,44,
45,94,97:
Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) 8-26,32:
Secondary Treatment 1-6:4-61,63,64:6-
3,4,12:
Section 106 - Water Quality 4-33,34,36,54,55,
68,70,73:
Section 305(b) 4-67,68,70:
Senior Environmental Employees (SEE) Program 3-19:8-39:10-16:11-
40:13-64:
Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) 8-36:
Site Characterization 3-6:9-18:10-30:13-
8,16,18-20,29:
Site Remediation Enforcement Program 9-58:10-7, 106:13-
55,67:
Sludge - Wastewater 4-3,8,13,14,16-18,
36,39,48,49,51,52,57-
59,74, 76,77,78,
84,85:5-38:10-39,
100:
Small Business Innovative
Research Program (SBIR) 2-23,31,34,37, 45:4-
16:5-16: 7-21:8-17:
10-19,20,27-29, 31,
36:11-22,23:13-18,22,
24:14-9:15-8,9:
Small Systems 5-3,4,6,16,22-25,30-
32:6-3, 4,10:10-10:
Soil Vacuum Extraction 14-8:
Solid Waste (RCRA) 2-49,52:9-1, 3,4,8,
12,13,14,16,22,28,
29,31,32,37,46,47,48,
58,59,60:10-36,96:
11-3,7,9 ,14,45,89:
13-5,14,77:14-7:
24
-------
Source Reduction 4-6,30,58:8-26,33:9-
8, 21,28,29,31,
46,48:10-4,26,
27,53,68,71,73:11-89:
Source Reduction Review Project (SRRP) 8-33:10-26, 68,71:
Source Water Protection 5-3,5,6,37, 38,39,48:
Special Needs Programs 6-2,3,12:
Special Reviews 7-4,27,28:16-4,5:
Special Studies and Demonstrations 5-35:
State Grants 3-31:5-3,4,30:8-
4,5,23,24,29,30,31,33
,52:9-34,36,37,42,43:
10-67,70,72,95,108:
State Grants - Pesticides 7-44:
State Implementation Plans (SIPS) 2-4,5,18,23, 24,28,
29,51,54, 55,59,60,
62,63,64,73-75,81,
84,86,88,116, 118,
119:7-53:10-38,107:
State Operating Permits 2-54,55:
State Revolving Funds 1-6:4-37:6-3,9:11-73:
Stratospheric Ozone 2-2,3,7,11,18-
20,39,43-45,94,116:
10-82,101:
Streamlining 1-4:2-54:4-
4,47,54,55,59,76-
78,85:7-26,31,33:8-
5,25:9-35, 39,45,47:
10-49,54,61,92,
100 : 11 -4 , 12 , 14 ,
15,17,18,34,36,37,39,
40,52-54, 56,57,
60,61,74,75,93,96,102
-104,106-109, 118:13-
4,29,30, 67,68,90:14-
12,13:
Structure Activity Relationships (SAR) 8-10,19:
Subsurface Contamination 5-6,17:9-16:
Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model (SACM) 13-4,5,28,29,31-
33,37,38,48,64,67,93:
Superfund Amendments Reauthorization
Act of 1986 (SARA) 13-3,6,8,61,
62,91,92:14-1:
Superfund Base Review 13-4,56,59, 65,77,80:
Superfund Innovative Technology Program (SITE) . . . . 2-44,45,86-88,96:3-
3,6, 10,11,14-18,22-
24,28,36,38,39:4-
9,44,46,48, 49,50,52,
77, 85:5-5,37:7-42,
43:9-7,18,19, 31,39,
41,58,61:10-7,19,30,
25
-------
Superfund Regional Contracting Officers (RCOs)
Superfund Technical Support Center
Support Costs
Support Services
Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR)
57, 78,79,88,89,104-
106:11-80,86, 107:13-
4-9, 11,12,15-20,27-
34,36-39,42,43, 49-
51,53-56, 58 ,62-
68,77-79,82,88,92,93,
95-98:14-6,8,26:
13-82:
13-37,38:
1-3:10-56:11-
3,4,21,37,42,45,46,11
2-116, 119,120,123:
13-85 , 96 , 99:14-23,
24:
2-67:8-26:10-40,
41,43,44,89:11-
3,4,12-14,22, 23,
38,62,107, 109,119-
122:13-71,72,74,
75,79-81,84-87,99:14-
21-24:15-19-21:18-
1,3,9:
5-5,6,22,26,
28,31,32,33,46,47:10-
99,100:
Technical Assistance
98:15-12,13:
Test Guidelines
1-6,2-3,50,51-
53,59,73, 75-78,82-
84,88,96, 102,104,
117:3-4,6,17,22-24,
39:4-8,14,36,
43,45,47, 55,57,
59,65-68,73, 74,84:5-
3-7, 12,18,23,
24,26:6-4,8,12:7-3,
5,28,29,37-41:8-
4,29,34,37,38,39,50,5
1:9-6, 8 , 20 , 28 ,
29,30,31,32,34,39,45-
48,50,51,59:10-
4,7,26,29,32,49-
52,57,62,65,69,73,89-
92,94, 97,98,
100 ,103:11-5,6,
32,57,5 9,79,81,
87,93,94,97:12-3:13-
4,6-8,18,28, 29,31,
36-38,42-44,48-
52,63,65, 79,81,14-
3,8,12, 18,25:82,
7-22:8-4,18:
26
-------
Test Rules 8-18:
Title III - Hazardous Waste 2-116:8-3,8:9-
3,6,8,49,50-53:
Title X 8-3,19,28,31,
34,35:10-33:
Tolerance Revolving Fund 16-1
Tolerances 7-3,7,27,30,
31,33,34:16-1,2:17-1:
Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDLs) . . 4-36,51,53, 67,68,69:
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) 8-3,5,6,8,
41,42,43,54,56:10-
91,93:
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) 4-27:8-1-6,8,
11,18,25-28,32,
34,36,48,49,50-52:10-
7,8,81,82, 84,97-
102,108, 109:11-
34,40, 46: 17-1:
Toxic Strategy 10-87:
Toxicity 2-20-22,31,44:4-
5,12,13,36,50,52:7-
6,13-16 :19-21,38,4
3:9-30:10-12,13,
25,28:13-19,21,
36,44:15-8:15-12,13:
Toxicological Profiles 13-42,43:
Trichloroethylene 13-20:
Tropospheric Ozone 1-4:2-2,10, 18,24-27
U
Ultraviolet Radiation (UVB) 2-44,45:
Underground Injection Control 1-3:5-6,8, 33,34,38-
41,46-48:9-9:10-100:
Underground Storage Tanks (UST) Program 1-3:9-3,5,6,
8,25,26,33-35,42,43:
United States Coast Guard (USCG) 13-45-47:
V
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) 2-5,17,27,28,
31,53,73,74,
76,88,90,118,119:13-
19:
Voluntary Compliance 2-118:5-38,40:8-3:10-
83,85:11-32,33:14-18:
W
Waste Minimization and Combustion Strategy 9-28,46,47:
27
-------
Water Quality Cooperative Agreements (104 b) 1-4,1-6:4-37:6-8:
Water Quality Research 4-7,11,12,14,52:
Water Quality Standards 4-3,4,5,34,
36,50,52,54,73,77,78:
Water Resource Development Act (WRDA) 4-3,48,49:
Watersheds 4-4,5,12,34,
36,38,45-48,
53,54,57,59,61,66,67,
73,77,85,87:6-
4 , 8 , 9 : 7-13 : 10-17-
19,97,100:
Wellhead Protection and Enforcement 4-35,36:5-5,6,
11,17,18,35,37,39,, 40:
7-41:10-12,32:
Wetlands 4-3,4,7,12,13,
15,16,26,27,40-
48,65,74,84,86,87:5-
13,17:10-
4,16,17,19,32,49,85:
Wetlands Plan 4-3,4,42,44,45:
Wetlands Section 404 4-4,7,43-45,47,87:
Worker Protection 7-2,3,5,8,37,39-
41,43,44,50-53:8-
49:10-100,107:13-51:
Worker Safety Training Grants 13-45:
Working Capital Fund 1-2,1-3:2-
89,91,112,113:3-
14,16-, 42,43:4-
8,30,31,43,44,51,52,5
9,62,63,67,68,79,80,8
1:5-
7,22,24,27,39,42,43:7
-25,26,31,
32,45,46:8-25, 26,27,
42,44,45: 9-29,30,33,
34,55,56:10-40-43,74-
76:11-5,13,17-19,33-
35,38-40,43-
47,52,53,62,63,68,107
,111,112,119-
121,123:13-31,84-
86,89-91,100,101:14-
14,15,26,27:15-
13 ,21,23,24:18-1-
4,6,8,10
Yucca Mountain
3-4,7,14,16,17:
28
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
SUMMARY 1-1
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
FISCAL YEAR 1996 BUDGET SUMMARY
The President's 1996 Budget request for the Environmental Protection Agency
totals $7,351,909,000 supported by 18,878.9 total workyears. When compared with
the Agency total 1995 current estimate, the President's request represents an
overall increase of $111,022,000 with no increase to workyears. The following
chart provides a summary of budget authority for EPA's appropriations:
Budget Authority
(dollars in thousands)
Program and
Research Operations
Office of the
Inspector General I/
Research & Development
Abatement, Control
and Compliance
Buildings & Facilities
Oil Spill Response
Hazardous Substance
Superfund 2/
LUST Trust Funds 3/
Water Infrastructure
Financing/SRF
Pesticide Registration
Fees
AGENCY TOTAL
1995
Enacted
922,000.0
28,523.0
349,279.0
1995
Current
Estimate
922,000.0
28,523.0
349,279.0
1,414,444.0 1,414,444.0
43,609.0 43,609.0
19,953.0 19,953.0
1,431,285.0 1,431,285.0
69,989.0 69,989.0
2,961,805.0 2,961,805.0
0.0
0.0
1996
President's
Request
1,017,298.0
33,050.0
426,661.0
1,748,823.0
112,820.0
23,047.0
1,562,937.0
77,273.0
2,365,000.0
(15,000.0)
7,240,887.0 7 , 240,887.04/ 7,351,909.0
Increase/
Decrease
1994 vs 1995
+95,298.0
+4,527.0
+77,382.0
+334,379.0
+69,211.0
+3,094.0
+131,652.0
+7,284.0
-596,805.0
-15,000.0
111,022.0
1/ FY 95 and 96 columns reflect general fund appropriations only. Funds appropriated from Superfund and LUST for the
Office of Inspector General are located in those accounts.
21 FY 95 and 96 columns include $15,384.0 and $14,078.0 respectively for Inspector General Activities.
3/ FY 95 and 96 columns include $669.0 and $710.0 respectively for Inspector General Activities.
4/ Total does not reflect proposed rescission of $11,641.8
1-1
-------
APPROPRIATIONS HIGHLIGHTS
The 1996 President's Budget Request for the Environmental Protection Agency
demonstrates the President's continued commitment to a cleaner, healthier
environment within an era of limited federal resources. This request is built
on the foundation of the Agency's strategic plan, The New Generation of
Environmental Protection and stresses a community-based approach to
environmental protection. To achieve a new generation of environmental
protection and to promote community-based protection, the President submits a
budget which to a greater degree than ever before creates a strong alliance and
fosters collaboration with our partners, the states, tribes and industry.
In 1996, the Agency will move towards community-based environmental
protection, which is a goal-driven, rather than a program-driven, approach to
restoring and sustaining healthy human and ecological communities. The budget
request, which is based on measurable goals, incorporates the Agency's guiding
principles: ecosystem protection, environmental justice, pollution prevention,
strong science and data, partnerships, environmental accountability and
reinventing Agency management. Three new initiatives contained in this budget
specifically highlight these principles: the Common Sense Initiative,
Performance Partnership Grants, and the Working Capital Fund. The following
discusses those initiatives and highlights trends in each appropriation account.
Common Sense Initiative
The Common Sense Initiative (CSI) is a central aspect of EPA's efforts to
improve the way it undertakes its environmental mission. The objective of CSI
is to find "cleaner, cheaper, smarter" strategies for tackling the environmental
problems that continue to face the nation. CSI is founded on the premise that EPA
should be uncompromising regarding the accomplishment of its health and
environmental objectives, but flexible in providing regulated entities many cost-
effective means of meeting their environmental regulatory obligations.
CSI focuses on piloting "cleaner, cheaper, smarter" approaches in six
industry sectors--automobile assembly, computers and electronics, iron and steel,
metal finishing, petroleum refining, and printing. Each of these pilot projects
has six key building blocks or workplan elements. These include regulatory
review, pollution prevention, permitting, reporting and recordkeeping, compliance
and enforcement, and innovative technology. Each project is directed by a
stakeholder team of industry, environmental, state and local government, and
federal leaders. The stakeholder team will be guided by a workplan that spell out
specific projects aimed at making policy and management improvements in each of
these six areas.
Performance Partnerships
EPA proposes to offer state, local and tribal governments one or more
Performance Partnership grants, which could be used to address multimedia or
single media environmental activities. The EPA Performance Partnership grants,
for which the Administration will seek authorization, will allow states and
tribes to receive consolidated grants as a substitute for multiple environmental
grants. Those grants eligible for consolidation are: Air, Water (Sec. 106,
1-2
-------
Nonpoint Source, Water Quality Cooperative Agreements), Drinking Water (PWSS,
Underground Injection Control) , Hazardous Waste, Underground Storage Tanks (UST) ,
Radon, Pesticides Program Implementation, Pesticides Enforcement, and Lead. In
addition, tribes may include their General Assistance grants in a Performance
Partnership grant.
While we are offering the states and tribes a way to target their resources
toward their most pressing environmental problems, Performance Partnership grant
activities may not compromise basic national objectives or legislative
requirements. Accordingly, EPA will work with interested states and tribes to.
develop the terms of these new grants. Grantees should be able to consolidate
administrative procedures and tailor grant funding to their own organizational.
structures. Performance measures and incentives, which could include
performance-based funding and other means, will be emphasized to encourage states
and tribes to accept delegation of EPA programs and improve environmental
results.
Working Capital Fund
The Working Capital Fund will be a revolving fund where the costs for goods
and services are charged to the users on a fee-for-service basis. This fund will
enable the Agency to provide quality services in a cost efficient manner. A
Working Capital Fund moves away from centralized control by giving customers a
strong voice in determining the amount and type of services they receive. EPA's
fund will ensure increased efficiency of resource utilization through reliance
on market force mechanisms and will use audited statements to increase
accountability.
PROGRAM AND RESEARCH OPERATIONS
In 1996, the Agency requests $1,017,298,000 for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation. This represents an increase of $95,298,000 over the
1995 current estimate. This appropriation finances personnel, compensation and
benefits and travel associated with administering the Agency's workforce
exclusive of Hazardous Substance Superfund, Leaking Underground Storage Tanks,
Oil Spills Response, Office of Inspector General, and the Water Infrastructure/
State Revolving Fund appropriations. The increase ensures that the Agency "fully
funds" the workforce, and provides continued funding for 900 employees hired
under the contractor conversion program.
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
In 1996, the Agency requests $47,838,500 for the Office of the Inspector
General (OIG). This represents an increase of $4,527,000 from the 1995 current
estimate. The request is broken out by appropriation account as follows: OIG
general appropriation $33,050,000 of which $30,127,300 is for the program and
$2,922,700 is for support costs; Hazardous Substance Trust Fund appropriation
$14,078,400 of which $12,594,200 is for the program and $1,484,200 is for support
costs; and Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund appropriation
$710,100 of which $637,400 is for the program and $72,700 is for support costs.
1-3
-------
The DIG is responsible for conducting audits and investigations of EPA's
programs and administrative and financial activities to ensure that programs are
delivered in an effective, efficient, and economical manner and in compliance
with applicable laws and regulations. DIG audits and investigations assist the
Agency in identifying areas where improvements can significantly contribute to
EPA fulfilling its complex mission. The DIG will continue to focus its Superfund
and LUST resources on financial and performance audits and investigations,
particularly in the area of procurement and acquisition management, including
contracts, grants, and cooperative and interagency agreements.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
In 1996, the Agency requests $426,661,000 for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $77,382,000 over the 1995 current
estimate. This appropriation finances research contracts, grants and agreements
with other federal agencies, universities and private industry, as well as in-
house activities to produce the scientific knowledge and technologies necessary
for regulating, preventing and abating pollution. The Research and Development
Appropriation reflects increases for activities that provide scientific and
engineering analysis and the data and information needed for EPA to assure that
our public policy decisions are credible and based on the most current and best
knowledge and scientific practices. Those increases address the Agency's
Environmental Technology Initiative and implementation of other small programs.
EPA will also focus research grants and fellowships in key research areas
in cooperation with the Agency's national program managers. Additionally, the
Agency is dedicating increased resources for environmental hormones research,
risk assessment methods, the costs associated with reengineering and streamlining
of laboratories , drinking water disinfectants and their by-products , tropospheric
ozone research, effects of pesticides on children, and continued improvement of
' scientific peer review.
ABATEMENT. CONTROL AND COMPLIANCE
In 1996, the Agency requests $1,748,823,000 for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $334,379,000 over the
1995 current estimate. This appropriation funds contracts, grants, cooperative
agreements for pollution abatement, control and compliance activities, and
administrative activities for a number of Agency programs. The 1996 request
includes a transfer of almost $200,000,000 from the Water Infrastructure/ State
Revolving Fund appropriation for the Nonpoint Source, Public Water Supervision
System Program and Water Quality Management Cooperative Agreements program. This
realignment will give the states a wider selection of grant programs to include
in their performance partnership grants if they choose. Other key areas supported
by the 1996 request include: increased support for our State and Tribal partners,
aggressive implementation of the Clean Air Act and the President's Climate Change
Action Plan, continued support for effective ecosystems management and pollution
prevention activities, and implementation of reinvention and streamlining reforms
such as the Common Sense Initiative.
1-4
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays and Workyears
By Appropriation
(dollars in thousands)
President's Current Increase/Decrease
Actual Budget Enacted Estimate Request 1996 Request vs.
1994 1995 1995 1995 1996 1995 Current Est
Program and Research Operations
Budget Authority $850,625.0 $963,255.0 $922,000.0 $922,000.0 $1,017,298.0 $95,298.0
Obligations 847,296.7 963,255.0 922,000.0 922,000.0 1,017,298.0 95,298.0
Outlays 850,647.0 959,082.0 920,303.0 920,303.0 1,013,131.0 92,828.0
Permanent Workyears 12,228.2 14,246.2 14,246.0 14,102.8 14,097.2 (5.6)
Total Workyears 13,190.9 14,246.2 14,246.0 14,102.8 14,097.2 (5.6)
Office of Inspector General (General Funds) I/
Budget Authority 544,595.0 $28,970.0 $28,523.0 $28,523.0 $33,050.0 $4,527.0
Obligations 41,029.9 28,970.0 28,523.0 28,523.0 33,050.0 4,527.0
Outlays 30,726.7 28,775.0 28,342.0 28,342.0 31,648.0 3,306.0
Permanent Workyears 418.0 452.0 452.0 447.4 445.0 (2.4)
Total Workyears 443.7 452.0 452.0 447.4 445.0 (2.4)
Research and Development
Budget Authority $338,701.0 $363,139.0 $349,279.0 $349,279.0 $426,661.0 $77,382.0
Obligations 341,672.7 363,139.0 349,279.0 349,279.0 426,661.0 77,382.0
Outlays 297,003.7 354,586.0 349,483.0 349,483.0 380,618.0 31,135.0
Abatement, Control & Compliance
Budget Authority $1,352,535.0 $1,519,730.0 $1,414,444.0 $1,414,444.0 $1,748,823.0 $334,379.0
Obligations 1,383,150.8 1,519,730.0 1,414,444.0 1,414,444.0 1,748,823.0 334,379.0
Outlays 1,277,114.0 1,433,057.0 1,384,009.0 1,384,009.0 1,592,614.0 208,605.0
Buildings and Facilities
Budget Authority $18,000.0 $43,609.0 $43,609.0 543,609.0 $112,820.0 $69,211.0
Obligations 21,222.9 43,609.0 43,609.0 43,609.0 112,820.0 69,211.0
Outlays 36,363.5 66,461.0 63,083.0 63,083.0 91,928.0 28,845.0
Oil Spill Response
Budget Authority $21,239.0 $23,426.0 $19,953.0 $19,953.0 $23,047.0 $3,094.0
Obligations 19,940.6 23,426.0 19,953.0 19,953.0 23,047.0 3,094.0
Outlays 20,169.8 21,650.0 20,012.0 20,012.0 21,470.0 1,458.0
Permanent Workyears 70.8 121.8 121.7 120.5 117.7 (2.8)
Total Workyears 78.2 121.8 121.7 120.5 117.7 (2.8)
Asbestos Loan Program
Budget Authority $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0
Obligations 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Outlays 9,269.2 8,941.0 6,474.0 6,474.0 5,671.0 (803.0)
II FY 1995 and 1996 columns reflect general fund appropriations only. Funds appropriated from Superfund and LUST for the
Office of Inspector General are located in those accounts.
1-7
-------
EiNVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays and Workyears
By Appropriation
(dollars in thousands)
Hazardous Substance Superfund 2/
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Total Workyears
L.U.S.T Trust Fund 31
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Water Infrastructure/SRF
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Tolerances Revolving Fund
Obligations
Outlays
Miscellaneous Contributed Funds
Obligations
Outlays
Reregistration & Expedited
Processine Revolving Fund - FIFRA
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workvears
Actual
1994
$1,480,853.0
1,663,443.5
1,489,125.0
3,331.1
3,535.7
S75.379.0
83,746.5
69,517.8
82.6
88.1
52,455,000.0
1,242,824.0
1,978,251.0
S3 ,07 6.0
1,122.0
$0.0
0.0
$16,118.7
1,236.0
190.9
196.2
President's
Budget
1995
$1,494,488.0
1,494,488.0
1,585,979.0
3,761.9
3,761.9
$76,673.0
76,673.0
76,909.0
95.1
95.1
52,649,805.0
2,649,805.0
2,388,663.0
$1,500.0
0.0
$10.0
10.0
$9,290.0
(289.0)
204.0
204.0
Enacted
1995
$1,431,285.0
1,431,285.0
1,460,280.0
3,761.9
3,761.9
569,989.0
69,989.0
73,561.0
95.1
95.1
$2,961,805.0
2,961,805.0
2,202,261.0
$2,400.0
0.0
$10.0
10.0
$15,870.0
2,141.0
204.0
204.0
Current
Estimate
1995
$1,431,285.0
1,431,285.0
1,460,280.0
3,724.0
3,724.0
569,989.0
69,989.0
73,561.0
94.1
94.1
52,961,805.0
2,961,805.0
2,202,261.0
$2,400.0
0.0
$10.0
10.0
$15,870.0
2,141.0
201.9
201.9
Increase/De irease
Request 1 996 Request vs.
1996 1995 Current Est
$1,562,937.0
1,762,937.0
1,484,083.0
3,742.4
3,742.4
$77,273.0
77,273.0
75,127.0
94.6
94.6
$2,365,000.0
2,365,000.0
2,147,389.0
52,100.0
0.0
510.0
10.0
$27,131.0
2,429.0
193.8
193.8
$131,652.0
331,652.0
23,803.0
18.4
18.4
$7,284.0
7,284.0
1,566.0
0.5
0.5
($596,805.0)
(596,805.0)
(C4,872.0)
($300.0)
0.0
$0.0
0.0
$11,261.0
288.0
(8.1)
(8.1)
Asbestos in Schools Fund
Outlays
53,458.0
$1,564.0
53,162.0
53,162.0
$3,213.0
$51.0
Reimbursements - PRO
Obligations
Permanent Workyears..
Total Workyears
$10,320.0
98.9
110.4
$25,000.0
88.0
88.0
$25,000.0
88.2
88.2
$25,000.0
88.2
88.2
$25,000.0
88.2
88.2
$0.0
0.0
0.0
21 FY 1995 and 1996 columns include $15,384.0 and $14,078.0 respectively for Inspector General activities.
3/ FY 1995 and 1996 columns include $669.0 and $710.0 respectively for Inspector General activities.
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays and Workyears
By Appropriation
(dollars in thousands)
Actual
1994
President's
Budget
1995
Enacted
1995
Current
Estimate
1995
Request
1996
Increase/Decrease
1996 Request vs.
1995 Current Est
Reimbursements - Superfund
Obligations S53,067.0 $60,000.0 $70,000.0 $70,000.0 $70,000.0 $0.0
Permanent Workyears 70.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0
Total Workyears 73.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0
Reimbursements - R&D
Obligations S25.337.0 $30,000.0 $50,000.0 $50,000.0 $50,000.0 $0.0
Reimbursements - AC&C
Obligations $26,862.0 $60,000.0 $60,000.0 $60,000.0 $60,000.0 $0.0
Reimbursements - Oil Spill Response
Obligations $2,363.0 $1,500.0 $15,000.0 $15,000.0 $15,000.0 $0.0
Permanent Workyears 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Workyears 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Reimbursements - IG
Obligations $55.0 $300.0 $300.0 $300.0 $300.0 $0.0
Permanent Workyears 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Workyears 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pesticides Registration Fees
(Receipts requiring Approp Action)
Budget Authority $0.0 ($15,000.0) $0.0 $0.0 ($15,000.0) ($15,000.0)
Outlays 0.0 (15,000.0) 0.0 0.0 (15,000.0) (15,000.0)
Proposed FY 1995 Rescission
Budget Authority $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0
Obligations 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Outlays 0.0 0.0 0.0 (3,982.0) (5,300.0) (1,318.0)
TOTAL. EPA
Budget Authority $6,636,927.0 $7,148,095.0 $7,240,887.0 $7,240,887.0 $7,351,909.0 111,022.0
Obligations 5,781,526.3 7,350,695.0 7,479,467.0 7,479,467.0 7,816,450.0 336,983.0
Outlays 6,064,003.7 6,910,388.0 6,513,121.0 6,509,139.0 6,829,031.0 319,892.0
Permanent Workyears 16,494.8 19,069.0 19,068.9 18,878.9 18,878.9 0.0
Total Workyears 17,720.9 19,069.0 19,068.9 18,878.9 18,878.9 0.0
1-9
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays and Workyears
By Media
(dollars In thousands)
Air
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Radiation
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Water Quality
Budget Authority
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Drinking Water
Budget Authority
Obligations
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Water Infrastructure Financing
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Pesticides
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Toxic Substances
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Total Workyears
Actual
1994
$530,369.7
532,597.7
537,515.6
2,092.6
2,214.2
$32,239.4
33,669.2
40,586.7
194.4
276.4
$385,847.3
493,540.0
415,886.2
2,033.9
2,175.6
$151,972.0
156,683.5
150,058.6
725.8
775.2
$2,455,000.0
1,144,044.8
1,978,251.0
$117,2511
120,092.3
119,538.2
781.3
813.1
$134,593.4
134,673.5
129,944.5
752.9
796.2
President's
Budget
1995
$605,796.6
605,796.6
582,944.9
2,249.8
2,249.8
$46,854.0
46,854.0
45,193.5
234.7
234.7
$495,739.2
495,739.2
462,874.3
2,068.4
2,068.4
$146,005.0
146,005.0
143,976.2
765.2
765.2
$2,549,805.0
2,549,805.0
2,309,263.0
$103,895.6
103,895.6
102,544.4
799.4
799.4
$128,891.8
128,891.8
133,573.4
771.5
771.5
Enacted
1995
$570,860.6
570,860.6
563,233.4
2,441.2
2,441.2
$42,478.6
42,478.6
41,890.5
247.4
247.4
$523,338.3
523,338.3
395,204.3
2,206.9
2,206.9
$164,653.3
164,653.3
93,859.4
795.4
795.4
$2,769,305.0
2,769,305.0
2,202,261.0
$96,353.5
96,353.5
95,531.6
862.7
862.7
$125,011.2
125,011.2
130,100.7
863.9
863.9
Current
Estimate
1995
$564,535.4
564,535.4
547,599.5
2,400.5
2,400.5
$43,299.8
43,299.8
41,968.3
249.5
249.5
$522,412.8
522,412.8
387,349.4
2,182.3
2,182.3
$165,640.6
165,640.6
133,199.9
794.9
794.9
$2,769,305.0
2,769,305.0
2,202,261.0
$95,221.8
95,221.8
93,504.3
846.8
846.8
$126,262.5
126,262.5
129,621.5
855.1
855.1
Increase/Decrease!
Request 1996 Request vs. 1
1996 1995 Current Estl
$636,263.4
636,263.4
592,421.1
2,398.2
2,398.2
$55,152.6
55,152.6
51,811.2
248.3
248.3
$525,929.6
525,929.6
491,510.7
2,164.9
2,164.9
$184,157.3
184,157.3
172,158.9
779.7
779.7
$2,365,000.0
2,365,000.0
2,147,389.0
$109,028.4
109,028.4
104,294.2
842.4
842.4
$116,526.1
116,526.1
116,490.6
779.5
779.5
$71,728.0
71,728.0
44,821.6
(2.3)
(2.3)
$11,852.8
11,852.8
9,842.9
(1.2)
(1.2)
$3,516.8
3,516.8
104,161.3
(17.4)
(17.4)
$18,516.7
18,516.7
38,959.0
(15.2)
(15.2)
($404,305.0)
(404,305.0)
(54,872.0)
$13,806.6
13,806.6
10,789.9
(4.4)
(4.4)
($9,736.4)
(9,736.4)
(13,130.9)
(75.6)
(75.6)
" * ^ *i ^__^ LL .____j
1-10
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BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
In 1996, the Agency requests $112,820,000 for the Buildings and Facilities
(B&F) appropriation. This represents an increase of $69,211,000 over the 1995
current estimate. By funding repairs and improvements and facility design and
construction, the 1996 B&F program continues major initiatives to correct
deficiencies in the Agency's facilities infrastructure. The requested resources
would provide for the completion of construction of a new government-owned
facility at Fort Meade, Maryland to replace EPA Region Ill's Central Regional
Laboratory in Annapolis, Maryland and buildout of a new government-owned
Headquarters facility in the newly constructed Federal Triangle Building and the
renovated Ariel Rios Building. This request also allows EPA to begin the initial
construction phase of the new Consolidated Laboratory at Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina. Additionally, the Agency will continue the repair and
improvement programs at existing laboratories to ensure the health and safety of
employees and fund energy conservation initiatives in EPA-owned buildings.
OIL SPILL RESPONSE
In 1996, the Agency requests $23,047,000 for the Oil Spills Response
appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,094,000 over the 1995 current
estimate. In order to provide nationwide capability for containment and removal
of releases that occur, the 1996 Oil Spills Response program will focus on
preventing harmful releases of oil into the environment, providing local and
state response training drills, and updating Area Contingency Plans across the
country. The Agency will continue to work with other federal and state agencies
to enforce compliance with the Oil Pollution Act.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPERFUND
In 1996, the Agency requests $1,562,937,000 (including the IG Superfund
amount) for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents an
increase of $131,652,000 from the 1995 current estimate. This increase funds
administrative and legislative reforms to improve the effectiveness of the
program. Recently introduced legislation to reform CERCLA is designed to
increase the program's fairness, reduce the cost of cleanups, and increase
community participation in cleanup decisions. These reforms will also emphasize
eliminating economic barriers preventing redevelopment of abandoned hazardous
waste sites.
The President's budget also increases resources to perform quick response
and early action activities resulting in more immediate risk reduction at the
worst sites. The budget supports increased community relations activities such
as bilingual fact sheets that will help the public participate in the cleanup
decision making process at sites in their communities. The Agency is also
encouraging the redevelopment of abandoned and unused urban sites--called the
Brownfields. initiative. The Brownfields redevelopment initiative is an organized
commitment to help communities revitalize idled or under-used industrial and
commercial facilities where redevelopment is complicated by environmental
contamination.
1-5
-------
The 1996 President's Budget separately requests an additional $200 million
for mandatory funding of costs allocated to indentifiable, but financially
nonviable parties (known as orphan share), and certain other categories of costs
at cleanup sites. Funding orphan shares will increase fairness when settling
with Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs) and improve the Agency's enforcement
capability. Totals in this document reflect discretionary funds only; therefore,
orphan share funding is not included in program and agency totals.
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LUST)
In 1996, the Agency requests $77,273,000 (including the IG LUST amount)
1996 for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank appropriation. This represents an
increase of $7,284,000 over the 1995 current estimate. This appropriation
supports an effective state and federal response program for the prevention and
remediation of releases from leaking underground storage tanks containing
petroleum. In 1996, the Agency continues to support state and tribal efforts to
develop and implement comprehensive LUST programs by providing Federal assistance
through cooperative agreements, and grants which comprise nearly 85% of the total
LUST budget. The Agency is continuing to emphasize an enforcement strategy that
focuses on finding responsible parties to finance corrective actions.
WATER INFRASTRUCTURE/ STATE REVOLVING FUND
In 1996, the Agency requests $2,365,000,000 for the Water Infrastructure/
State Revolving Funds. This represents a decrease of $596,805,000 over the 1995
current estimate. The WI/SRF account continues to provide support for waste
water and drinking water infrastructure needs. This total request includes
funding for two state revolving funds - $1,600,000,000 for the Clean Water State
Revolving Fund and $500,000,000 for the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund,
which still requires authorization. This request also includes $150,000,000 for
Mexican border projects which consists of $100,000,000 for the planning, design,
and construction of high priority wastewater treatment projects along the Mexican
border and $50,000,000 for the U.S. Colonias communities in Texas. Finally,
$115,000,000 is requested for Special Needs consisting of $100,000,000 for the
construction of secondary treatment at one or more cities with unique secondary
treatment needs and high user charges and $15,000,000 for wastewater treatment
projects in Alaskan native villages. Although this request is a decrease of
$596,805,000 from the 1995 current estimate, it reflects the transfer of those
programs from this account to ACC (Public Water Supervision System Program
$90,000,000; Nonpoint Source Program $100,000,000; and Water Quality Management
Cooperative Agreements $22,500,000). These resources have been moved so that a
state may choose to utilize these grants programs in their performance
partnership grants.
Fiscal Year 1995 Rescission
The President's Budget Request includes a rescission of Agency funds totaling
$11,641,805. Included in this rescission are the funds appropriated in PL 103-
327 for the Clean Lakes Grant Program At the time of publication, the
President's Budget targeted the remaining $8,500,000 to water technical
assistance programs. The Administration is reconsidering this program and may
withdraw the technical assistance rescission and substitute another program. The
dollar amount would remain the same.
1-6
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays and Workyears
By Media
(dollars in thousands)
President's Current Increase/Decrease!
Actual Budget Enacted Estimate Request 1996 Request vs. 1
1994 1995 1995 1995 1996 1995 Current Estl
Hazardous Waste
Budget Authority $292,447.7 $320,919.0 $297,826.1 $294,786.5 $324,794.7 $30,008.2
Obligations 301,923.4 320,919.0 297,826.1 294,786.5 324,794.7 30,008.2
Outlays 293,785.6 311,379.5 293,808.3 285,739.4 304,634.6 18,895.2
Permanent Workyears 1,428.3 1,479.3 1,588.0 1,564.6 1,524.4 (40.2)
Total Workyears 1,539.3 1,479.3 1,588.0 1,564.6 1,524.4 (40.2)
Multimedia
Budget Authority. $352,746.4 $458,729.2 $432,806.6 $442,907.5 $590,110.1 $147,202.6
Obligations 345,215.7 458,729.2 432,806.6 442,907.5 590,110.1 147,202.6
Outlays 228,092.0 437,278.5 430,541.4 437,658.8 543,953.1 106,294.3
Permanent Workyears 1,235.0 1,518.8 1,646.5 1,649.9 1,834.3 184.4
Total Workyears 1,3113 1,518.8 1,646.5 1,649.9 1,834.3 184.4
Management and Support
Budget Authority $572,056.5 668,255.2 $653,417.8 $651,679.1 683,869.8 $32,190.7
Obligations 578,171.0 668,255.2 653,417.8 651,679.1 683,869.8 32,190.7
Outlays 553,711.9 644,076.3 634,234.7 621,763.2 646,407.6 24,644.4
Permanent Workyears 3,246.0 3,485.1 3,897.1 3,857.2 3,847.5 (9.7)
Total Workyears 3,561.6 3,485.1 3,897.1 3,857.2 3,847.5 (9.7)
Buildings and Facilities
Budget Authority $18,000.0 $43,609.0 $43,609.0 $43,609.0 $112,820.0 $69,211.0
Obligations 21,222.9 43,609.0 43,609.0 43,609.0 112,820.0 69,211.0
Outlays 36,363.5 66,461.0 63,083.0 63,083.0 91,928.0 28,845.0
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Budget Authority $1,497,115.4 $1,494,488.0 $1,431,285.0 $1,431,285.0 $1,562,937.0 $131,652.0
Obligations 1,678,258.7 1,494,488.0 1,431,285.0 1,431,285.0 1,762,937.0 331,652.0
Outlays 1,492,987.0 1,585,979.0 1,470,061.3 1,470,061.3 1,484,083.0 14,021.7
Permanent Workyears 3,480.7 3,573.4 3,905.4 3,866.0 3,857.9 (8.1)
Total Workyears 3,709.4 3,573.4 3,905.4 3,866.0 3,857.9 (8.1)
L.U.S.T.
Budget Authority. $76,048.1 $76,672.8 $69,989.0 $69,989.0 $77,273.0 $7,284.0
Obligations 84,294.3 76,672.8 69,989.0 69,989.0 77,273.0 7,284.0
Outlays 70,161.1 76,909.0 73,986.4 73,986.4 75,127.0 1,140.6
Permanent Workyears 89.0 99.6 102.6 101.5 102.1 0.6
Total Workyears 94.5 99.6 102.6 101.5 102.1 0.6
Oil Spill Response
Budget Authority. $21,239.0 $23,426.3 $19,953.0 $19,953.0 $23,047.0 $3,094.0
Obligations 19,940.6 23,426.3 19,953.0 19,953.0 23,047.0 3,094.0
Outlays 11,305.8 21,650.0 20,012.0 20,012.0 21,470.0 1,458.0
Permanent Workyears 70.8 89.8 121.7 120.5 117.7 (2.8)
Total Workyears 75.6 89.8 121.7 120.5 117.7 (2.8)
1-11
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays and Workyears
By Media
(dollars in thousands)
President's
Actual Budget
1994 1995
Tolerances Revolving Fund
Obligations
Outlays
Miscellaneous Contributed Funds
Obligations
Outlays
Reregistration & Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund - FIFRA
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workvears
$3,076.0
1,122.0
SO.O
0.0
$16,118,7
1,236.0
190.9
196.2
$1,500.0
0.0
$10.0
10.0
$9,290.0
(289.0)
204.0
204.0
Enacted
1995
$2,400.0
0.0
$10.0
10.0
$15,870.0
2,141.0
201.9
201.9
Current
Estimate
1995
$2,400.0
0.0
$10.0
10.0
$15,870.0
2,141.0
201.9
201.9
Increase/Deer easel
Request 1996 Request vs. 1
1996 1995 Current Estl
$2,100.0
0.0
$10.0
10.0
$27,131.0
2,429.0
193.8
193.8
($300.0)
0.0
SO.O
0.0
$11,261.0
288.0
(8.1)
rs.n
Asbestos in Schools Fund
Outlays
S3.458.0
Sl,564.0
$3,162.0
$3,162.0
$3,213.0
$51.0
Reimbursements - PRO
Obligations
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Reimbursements - Superfund
Obligations
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Reimbursements - IG
Obligations
Permanent Workyears...
Total Workyears
S10.320.0
$25,000.0
$25,000.0
$25,000.0
$25,000.0
$0.0
98.9
103.7
$53,067.0
70.9
73.1
S55.0
0.0
0.9
79.0
79.0
$60,000.0
100.0
100.0
$300.0
0.0
0.0
88.2
88.2
$70,000.0
100.0
100.0
$300.0
0.0
0.0
88.2
88.2
$70,000.0
100.0
100.0
$300.0
0.0
0.0
88.2
88.2
$70,000.0
100.0
100.0
$300.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
$0.0
0.0
0.0
$0.0
0.0
0.0
Reimbursements - R&D
Obligations
$25,337.0
$30,000.0
$50,000.0
$50,000.0
$50,000.0
$0.0
Reimbursements - AC&C
Obligations
Reimbursements - Oil Spill Response
Obligations
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Pesticides Registration Fees
(Receipts requiring Approp Action)
Budget Authority.
Outlays
$26,862.0
$2,363.0
$60,000.0
$1,500.0
S60.000.0
$15,000.0 •
$60,000.0
$15,000.0
$60,000.0
$15,000.0
$0.0
$0.0
3.4
3.5
SO.O
0.0
0.0
0.0
($15,000.0)
(15,000.0)
0.0
0.0
$0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
$0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
($15,000.0)
(15,000.0)
0.0
0.0
($15,000.0)
(15,000.0)
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays and Workyears
By Media
(dollars in thousands)
Actual
1994
President's
Budget
1995
Enacted
1995
Current
Estimate
1995
Request
1996
Increase/Decrease!
1996 Request vs. g
1995 Current Estl
Contractor Conversion I/
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
0.0
0.0
900.0
900.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Non-Ceiling FTE V
Permanent Workyears..
Total Workyears
0.0
0.0
651.0
651.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Proposed FY1995 Rescission
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays
SO.O
0.0
0.0
$0.0
0.0
0.0
$0.0
0.0
0.0
($11,641.8)
(11,641.8)
(3,982.0)
$0.0
0.0
(5,300.0)
$11,641.8
11,641.8
(1,318.0)
TOTAL. EPA
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears..
Total Workyears
$6,636,927.0
5,781,526.3
6,064,003.7
16,494.8
17,720.9
$7,148,086.7
7,350,686.7
6,910,388.0
19,069.0
19,069.0
$7,240,887.0
7,479,467.0
6,513,121.0
19,068.9
19,068.9
$7,229,245.2
7,467,825.2
6,509,139.0
18,878.9
18,878.9
$7,351,909.0
7,816,450.0
6,829,031.0
18,878.9
18,878.9
$122,663.8
336,983.0
319,892.0
(0.0)
(0-0)
I/ FY 1995 Enacted, Current Estimate and FY 1996 President's Budget Request reflect contractor conversion and
non-ceiling FTE distributed within their appropriate media.
1-13
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Air Quality Research 2-15
Acid Deposition Research 2-36
Global Change Research 2-39
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards 2-48
Emission Standards and Technology Assessment 2-49
State Program Guidance and Air Standards Development 2-53
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy 2-57
Mobile Source Program Implementation 2-59
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment and Characterization . 2-61
Testing, Technical and Administrative Support 2-65
Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance 2-67
Resource Assistance for State, Local & Tribal Agencies 2-71
Resource Assistance for State and Local Agencies 2-72
Tribal Resource Assistance 2-76
Tribal Program Implementation 2-78
Air Quality Management Implementation . 2-80
Air Quality Management Implementation 2-81
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment 2-85
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 2-86
Air Quality and Emissions Data Management and Analysis .... 2-89
Atmospheric Programs 2-94
Acid Rain Program 2-95
Stratospheric Protection Program . 2-98
Global Change Program 2-102
Indoor Air Program 2-107
Indoor Air Program 2-108
Working Capital Fund 2-112
Working Capital Fund - Air 2-113
ENFORCEMENT
Stationary Source Enforcement 2-115
Stationary Source Enforcement 2-116
Mobile Source Enforcement 2-120
Mobile Source Enforcement 2-121
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APPROPRIATION
AIR
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Program & Research
operation - Flood
Reimbursements
TOTAL, Air
$141,534.5 $153,565.0 $155,508.7 $154,398.1 $168,232.0 $13,833.9 $14,667.0
$297,635.5 $367,037.5 $343,169.6 $338,876.2 $395,521.2 $56,645.0 $28,483.7
$93,404.3 $85,194.1 $72,182.3 $71,261.1 $72,510.2 $1,249.1 -$12,683.9
$23.4
$532,597.7 $605,796.6 $570,860.6 $564,535.4 $636,263.4 $71,728.0 $30,466.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
2,093.4
2,170.2
2,249.8
2,249.8
2,377.3
2,441.2
2,336.6
2,400.5
2,338.9
2,398.2
2.3
-2.3
89.1
148.4
$537,515.6 $582,944.9 $563,233.4 $547,599.5 $592,421.1 $44,821.6 $9,476.2
Reauthorization of the Clean Air Act expired September 30, 1981. The Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990 reauthorize the Air program at such sums as may be necessary for
all Fiscal Years through 1998.
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AIR
DI FFERENCE
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
ESTIMATE
1995
ENACTED VS
PRES. BUD
EST.
PRES.
VS
BUD
EST. VS
ENACTED
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Program & Research $153,565.0 $155,508.7 $154,398.1 $1,943.7 $833.1 -$1,110.6
Operations
Abatement Control and $367,037.5 $343,169.6 $338,876.2 -$23,867.9 -$28,161.3 -$4,293.4
Compliance
Research & Development $85,194.1 $72,182.3 $71,261.1 -$13,011.8 -$13,933.0 -$921.2
Program & Research
operation - Flood
Reimbursements
TOTAL. Air $605,796.6 $570,860.6 $564,535.4 -$34,936.0 -$41,261.2 -$6,325.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS 2,249.8 2,377.3 2,336.6 127.5 86.8 -40.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS 2,249.8 2,441.2 2,400.5 191.4 150.7 -40.7
The following points list the major reasons that the dollars devoted to this media have changed from submission
of the President's FY 1995 Budget Request to the FY 1995 Current Estimates.
PROGRAM AND RESEARCH OPERATIONS
o Reorganization of the Agency's enforcement function
o General Agency reduction
o Redirection to Administrator's Priorities
o Funding for contractor conversion positions
ABATEMENT, CONTROL AND COMPLIANCE
o General Agency Reduction
o Redirection to Administrator's Priorities
o $7.0M in funding for Multi-Lateral Fund denied by Congress
o Funding redirected to PRO account for contractor conversion positions
o $5.0M in funding for Climate Change Action Plan denied by Congress
o $4.8M in Congressional Directives
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM AND RESEARCH OPERATIONS
o Increases to the PRO account as part of the Agency's contract reform initiative.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
o Congressionally-directed reductions to Tropospheric Ozone Research.
o General reductions to Global Climate, Stratospheric Ozone Depletion, Acid Deposition, Criteria
Air Pollutants, and Pollutants from Motor Vehicles.
o Decreases in resources for Global Climate, Stratospheric Ozone Depletion, Criteria Air
Pollutants, Pollutants from Motor Vehicles, and Indoor Air Pollution as part of the Agency's
contract reform initiative.
o Congressionally-directed add-ons for the Adirondacks Destruction Assessment Program, Mickey
Leland National Urban Air Toxics Center, Oxygenated Fuel Research in the Arctic Region, and
Indoor Air Research.
o Redirection of resources to Multimedia for Fellowship Program.
o Reduction to implement the Agency's contract reform initiative.
ABATEMENT, CONTROL AND COMPLIANCE
o Congressionally-directed add-ons for the Fuel Cells Demonstration project.
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AIR
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Clean Air Act authorizes a nationwide program to prevent and reduce air
pollution through air quality planning, regulation, enforcement, and research.
In November 1990 the President signed the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
(CAAA), which expanded both capabilities and requirements to clean our nation's
air. Enactment of the amendments created high public expectations for cleaner,
healthier air quality nationwide through cleaner cars, fuels, factories, and
powerplants. In implementing the Act, EPA will use not only traditional
approaches for controlling air pollution, but also will strive to harness the
power of the marketplace, encourage local initiatives and flexibility, and
emphasize pollution prevention. In addition to carrying out the CAAA, EPA will
analyze and address indoor air quality that causes health problems.
EPA now has completed a large number of rules mandated by Congress in the
CAAA. However, much remains to be done if the Act's health and environmental
goals are to be achieved. Over the next few years, EPA must issue many
additional regulations and guidance documents, as well as mandated studies and
reports. At the same time, the Agency must accelerate and expand activities to
ensure that the Act is effectively implemented and enforced. For example, EPA
must assess large numbers of state implementation plan (SIP) revisions and state
and local permit programs, and provide technical assistance to states and
sources. In addition, the Agency must strive to ensure that sources subject to
multiple Clean Air Act rules or programs can comply without unnecessary burdens.
Finally, EPA must continue air research activities to strengthen the scientific
basis for policy decisions and regulatory actions.
FY 1996 Program Highlights
EPA has established four major environmental goals for the air program: clean
air, safe indoor environments, climate change, and stratospheric ozone
protection. Under the clean air goal the Agency has three sub-goals: attainment
of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs), reduction of air toxics
emissions, and control of acid rain. Under the climate change goal the Agency
seeks to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000. The
stratospheric ozone protection goal is to return the stratospheric ozone layer
to levels found prior to the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole. Finally, the
safe indoor environments goal is to make the air inside buildings as healthy as
standard-meeting outdoor air. These four goals are central to the Agency's
fulfillment of its mandates and are initial steps towards the goals and
performance measures required by the Government Performance and Results Act
(GPRA).
To help achieve the four environmental goals and reduce health and
environmental risks, the Agency has established several program goals for 1996:
(1) further empower states to attain NAAQSs; (2) implement clean vehicle and fuel
programs; (3) develop and implement national air toxic standards; (4) carry out
a market-based acid rain emissions trading system; (5) reduce energy consumption
and prevent pollution through voluntary, profitable measures; (6) implement
domestic rules and U.S. responsibilities under the CAAA and the revised Montreal
Protocol for reducing stratospheric ozone depletion; (7) implement enforcement
authorities and approaches; (8) provide technical support to state indoor air
2-3
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programs; and (9) conduct research to provide strong scientific and technical
bases for regulatory and nonregulatory programs.
Attain National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
Under the Agency's clean air goal, EPA will work with states to reduce the
number of areas not meeting NAAQSs from 190 to six by the year 2005. This will
reduce the number of people living in areas with unhealthy air from 148 million
to 45 million. The remaining six areas will have air meeting the standards by
2010.
As a first step in protecting human health and the environment, EPA set NAAQSs
for six pollutants: ozone, carbon monoxide, particulate matter (PM-10), lead,
sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. Nonattainment of standards is most
widespread for the first three pollutants. Today, 43 areas in the United States
do not meet the national health standard for ozone; 10 areas do not meet the
health standards for carbon monoxide; and over 80 areas do not meet the health
standards for PM-10. Recent research suggests that particulate levels even lower
than the current NAAQS may cause 70,000 premature deaths each year in the United
States. In 1996 the Agency will be carrying out accelerated reviews of the
ozone and PM-10 standards. The Agency also will decide the need to revise the
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide standards.
The primary mechanisms provided by the Clean Air Act to achieve clean air
standards are SIPs and Federal rules and guidance. EPA will provide states with
policy, guidance, and assistance for developing revised SIPs and determining
whether program requirements and milestones are being met. EPA also will assess
whether areas have come into compliance with NAAQSs and redesignate them as
"attainment" as quickly as possible. Measurements of air quality for the past
three years show that 55 of the 98 areas identified as nonattainment for the
ozone NAAQS in 1991 now meet health standards; 32 of the 42 carbon monoxide
nonattainment areas also now meet health standards.
In 1996 EPA will develop national guidelines and standards for major
stationary sources where emissions contribute to ozone, sulfur dioxide, and
nitrogen dioxide pollution. Also, EPA will continue to support states in
accurately inventorying pollutant emissions and measuring air quality. Complete
and comprehensive emission inventories are key to the development of sound and
enforceable state plans, effective regulations, and meaningful measures of
progress for achieving clean air. Accurate and comprehensive emission
inventories also are integral to the success of new market-based pollution
control approaches. Accurate air quality measurements are essential both in
developing state plans and evaluating their effectiveness.
In 1996 EPA also will assist Indian tribes in developing programs to protect
and improve air quality on tribal lands. The CAAA provides tribes with the
authority to implement and administer air quality programs in essentially the
same manner as states.
Clean Vehicles and Fuels Programs
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EPA also has clean vehicles and fuels programs that are designed to help meet
the clean air sub-goal of attaining NAAQSs. Air pollution from mobile sources
accounts for over half of the nationwide emissions of ozone precursors (volatile
organic compounds and nitrogen oxides) and carbon monoxide. Because mobile
source emissions account for such a large percentage of the total air pollution
problem, reducing these emissions holds the greatest potential for cleaning our
nation's air.
The CAAA require significant changes in vehicle control technologies and fuel
types and expansion of state control programs. Under the amendments, EPA must
adopt about 60 new mobile source rules covering: reformulated gasoline, leaded
gasoline, clean alternative fuels, vehicle fleet requirements, vehicle emission
standards, and state program requirements. The reformulated gasoline program
alone will reduce volatile organic compound emissions by approximately 160,000
tons per year beginning in 1995 and approximately 200,000 tons per year beginning
in 2000.
In 1996 EPA will strengthen testing programs needed to provide sound
information on vehicle and fuel emissions. Without such information, the results
from SIPs may not provide necessary emission reductions. Also, the Agency will
continue collection of fuel economy data that are the by-products of emissions
control-related testing. These data are used providing fuel economy information
to the public and for implementing the "Gas Guzzler" tax.
EPA and the states will work together to carry out mobile source pollution
abatement programs: vehicle inspection and maintenance, oxygenated and
reformulated fuels; clean fuel fleets; trip reduction programs; and other
transportation control measures. The Agency will help implement the
transportation conformity process by maintaining working relationships with
regional Federal Highway Administration offices and state/local transportation
agencies.
Implementing National Air Toxics Strategies. Standards, and Programs
Under the clean air sub-goal for air toxics the Agency will, by the year 2005,
reduce toxic air emissions from all major sources to the'lowest technically-
achievable levels. By 2010 the incidents of cancer due to exposure to pollution
from vehicles will be reduced by 50 percent.
According to industry estimates, more than 1.8 billion pounds of toxic
pollutants were emitted into the atmosphere in 1992. These pollutants can cause
cancer, reproductive effects, birth defects, respiratory illnesses, and other
serious health effects. The CAAA requires EPA by the year 2000 to issue
technology based standards to control 189 hazardous air pollutants emitted by
major sources and small "area" sources.
During 1996 the Agency will continue work on Maximum Achievable Control
Technology (MACT) standards required within four and seven years of enactment.
Timely issuance of these standards is needed to avoid triggering requirements for
states to regulate air toxics sources on a facility-by-facility basis. To set
MACT standards, EPA must gather information on toxics emissions, manufacturing
processes, pollution controls, and environmental and control costs. As part of
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the standards development, the Agency will examine process changes, substitution
of feedstocks, and other pollution prevention options. To complete these
standards as efficiently as possible, EPA will form partnerships among major
stakeholders to leverage their resources and expertise.
In 1996 the Agency will undertake an initiative to reduce health and
environmental risks from air toxics emitted by numerous small urban "area"
sources. Under section 112(k) of the CAAA, EPA must issue by the year 2000 MACT
regulations for enough area source categories to control 90 percent of the
emissions of the 30 hazardous air pollutants that pose the greatest health risks
in urban areas. The increased effort will allow EPA to leverage resources by
regulating small urban sources of air toxics as part of the standards for major
sources that are due in 1997 and 2000. This approach will speed reduction of
toxics in urban areas and protect people who face serious health risks.
The initiative also will allow EPA to focus on better control of vehicle fuels
and additives, also sources of urban health risk. Under rules issued in 1994,
manufacturers will have to conduct tests of fuel additives to determine health
effects before registration by EPA. Manufacturers will begin submitting
available information in 1995.
EPA will provide Regional assistance to state/local agencies in establishing
and expanding their air toxics program capabilities and. in reviewing and
processing permit applications for air toxics sources. The Agency will provide
information and training to state and local agencies on the new Federal rules
being issued and hold frequent and open dialogue with state and local managers
to resolve problems encountered. Also, EPA will support the implementation of
section 112(1), which allows states to reduce emissions in ways different than
Federal rules, and section 112(g), which ensures that good controls will be
applied to new and modified sources of hazardous air pollutants, before the
seven-year and 10-year MACT standards are promulgated.
Establishing a Market Based Acid Rain Emissions Trading System
Acid rain and its precursors cause damage to lakes, forests, and man-made
structures, reduce visibility, and cause damage to human health. Under the clean
air sub-goal of controlling acid rain the Agency seeks to reduce sulfur
deposition by a range of 25 to 40 percent in the eastern U.S. by the year 2005.
To achieve its environmental goal, EPA will reduce sulfur dioxide emissions
by 10 million tons from 1980 levels and reduce nitrogen oxides by two million
tons from 1980 levels. The Agency will achieve these emission reductions through
an innovative market-based emission allowance program that will provide affected
sources with flexibility in meeting required emission reductions. A successful
allowance trading system will minimize compliance costs, maximize economic
efficiency, and allow for growth. The acid rain program is already being seen
as a model for regulatory reform efforts here and abroad.
In 1996 EPA will complete the last of the 2000 certifications of continuous
emission monitoring systems for utility units and will complete the review and
approval of state programs for issuing Phase II acid rain permits. Also in 1996
the Agency will implement the opt-in program for industrial combustion sources;
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complete the Phase II nitrogen oxides rulemaking; implement the first end-of-year
compliance certifications; receive, verify, and report quarterly emissions from
more than 2000 utility units; and initiate annual recertification and field
audits of over 2000 monitoring systems.
Voluntary Programs to Profitably Prevent Air Pollution
Under the Agency's climate change goal, energy efficient technologies will
reduce energy consumption and prevent pollution while delivering better products
to the marketplace and increasing the competitiveness of U.S. businesses. In
addition to preventing the emission of air pollutants, saving energy through
energy-efficient products also reduces environmental damage caused by the mining
and transportation of fuels (e.g. strip mine damage, acid mine damage, natural
gas leakage, etc.) and the disposal of utility wastes (e.g. boiler ash, scrubber
waste, and spent nuclear fuel).
In enhancing free market operations for energy efficiency, the Agency will
prevent pollution through voluntary public-private partnerships rather than
regulations. Efforts will include: (1) increasing the level of energy-efficient
lighting, where profitable, through expanding marketing and implementation of the
Green Lights Program; (2) expanding marketing and implementation of the Energy
Star Buildings Program to encourage the profitable use of energy efficient
heating, ventilation, air conditioning and transformers; (3) marketing and
implementation of Energy Star commercial and residential technologies, including
fax machines and copiers; (4) developing residential energy efficiency programs;
and, (5) expanding initiatives to reduce methane emissions in a cost-effective
manner. Success will be measured through expanding partnerships and evaluating
the impacts of proposed protocols from other countries on U.S. economic growth,
jobs, and key industrial sectors.
EPA seeks partners who want to work with the Agency to prevent pollution,
including conventional and hazardous air pollutants and greenhouse gases, by
increasing the productivity of energy systems. Although the Agency will provide
strong assistance to partners to help them decide how to accomplish their goals,
EPA will not dictate solutions or subsidize investments.
Reducing Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Restoration of the stratospheric ozone layer will reduce certain health
effects: skin cancers, cataracts, and immune suppression. EPA's stratospheric
ozone protection goal is to stop the decline in ozone concentrations in the
stratosphere by 2005 and begin recovery to levels found in the 1970s. A report
released by the United Nations Environment Program in September 1994 found that
the rates of build-up in the atmosphere of human-made compounds that deplete the
ozone layer (chlorofluorocarbons and halons) have slowed in recent years.
In 1996 EPA will focus on four areas: domestic and international phase-out
of three ozone depleting chemicals: chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, and
methyl chloroform; implementation of limitations on two other ozone depleters,
hydrofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and methyl bromide; more intensive recycling programs
in the U.S. and abroad; and earlier voluntary phase-out of CFCs and HCFCs from
developing countries. In 1996 the Agency will implement the rules required by
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the CAAA, including compliance monitoring, evaluation of exemptions for labeling,
evaluation of production and consumption exemptions under the Montreal Protocol,
and expanded efforts to minimize retrofit costs of existing capital equipment.
In 1996 EPA will work with key agricultural and commodity groups on field and
laboratory studies to evaluate alternatives to methyl bromide. This chemical,
which could account for as much as one-sixth of the depletion of the ozone layer
by the turn of the century unless efforts are successful in restricting its use,
is widely used as a fumigant for crops and is required by the Department of
Agriculture as a quarantine fumigant for most agricultural goods entering the
U.S.
EPA will continue to support the Montreal Protocol Multi-lateral Fund. The
Fund supports developing country efforts to phaseout the use of ozone depleting
substances by paying the incremental cost of worthy projects that reduce the use
of these substances. To date, the fund has financed over 400 activities in 56
developing countries. When fully implemented these activities will result in the
annual prevention of over 30,000 tons of ozone depleting substance emissions.
Implementing New Enforcement Authorities
The CAAA restructure, strengthen, and expand both EPA and state enforcement
authority. New types of programs, such as the allowance program for ozone-
depleting chemicals, the market-based acid rain program, the state operating
permit program, and the clean vehicles and fuels programs, require new approaches
to enforcement. EPA also will maintain and strengthen existing enforcement
capabilities to assure compliance with revised state plans and Federal rules.
In 1996 EPA will continue to implement the enhanced monitoring program as part
of the operating permit program and support state development of enforceable
emission reduction rules and operating permit programs. The Agency will be
revising the compliance monitoring and inspection targeting program to reflect
changes brought about by the operating permits program, as well as the new sector
based multi-media approach to compliance assurance. This will increase the
effectiveness of inspection resources.
EPA will continue to implement the administrative penalty program and will
begin to implement other new enforcement authorities provided in the CAAA
including, field citations, monetary awards, contractor listing and citizen
suits. In addition, the Agency will monitor the status of compliance of sources
subject to the Phase I acid rain requirements. The Agency will assure that large
utility steam generating units install the continuous emissions monitoring
systems needed to carry out the acid rain program.
EPA will continue to shift enforcement activities to areas of highest
potential environmental benefit and stress greater coordination among regional
and state programs. The Agency will place greater emphasis on nationally
targeted enforcement actions.
Addressing Indoor Air Quality
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Under the safe indoor environments goal EPA will seek to ensure that the air
inside buildings will be as healthy as the standards-meeting outdoor environment.
To accomplish this goal the Agency has three objectives: increasing the
proportion of the workforce protected from environmental tobacco smoke (ETS);
decreasing the proportion of children who are regularly exposed to smoking in the
home; and conducting complete emission characterizations for 10 products or
product classes and implementing emission reduction programs for these products.
(Objectives for indoor radon are discussed under the radiation overview.)
Success will be measured by: development of programs to educate and train key
indoor environment stakeholders; wide participation in the voluntary "Building
Air Quality Alliance;" development of an indoor air quality program for schools
that is then used by a majority of school districts; and development and
promulgation of indoor air guidelines for building design, construction and
materials.
Comparative risk studies performed by EPA and the Science Advisory Board have
consistently ranked indoor air pollution among the top five environmental risks
to public health. EPA will continue to work in close cooperation with other
federal agencies and the private sector to improve the quality of indoor
environments. The Agency's primary strategy is to use voluntary partnerships and
technology transfer to improve the way in which buildings are designed, operated,
and maintained.
In 1996 the Building Air Quality Alliance will enter its second year. Active
recruitment efforts, building on the successful experiences of the first wave of
voluntary building partners, will yield a significant number of new participants.
Alliance activities will include: developing additional economic and market
incentives to encourage building operators to improve indoor air quality;
providing recognition to buildings that become alliance members; evaluating the
experience of building partners to refine program guidance and promote wider
adoption of best practices; and exploring ways to franchise program management
to permit broader participation.
The Agency is continuing to acquire and analyze building performance data
during the third year of field measurements planned for the multi-year Building
Assessment Survey and Evaluation project. In addition, the indoor air quality
clearinghouse will continue to provide information to a growing body of users,
including the general public and environmental health organizations, interested
in reducing their constituencies' indoor air-related health risks by providing
access to information about exposure reduction.
In 1996 the regional offices will assume increasing responsibilities for
critical activities by playing a major role in recruiting additional building
partners to join the alliance's voluntary partnership program, and in managing
the agreements that govern their participation in the program. Regional indoor
air staff will actively work with states and with other governmental and
nongovernmental organizations to identify indoor air-related health risks of
concern, and provide leadership in galvanizing the resources available to address
them. Audiences specially targeted for public awareness campaigns, literature
development and distribution, guidance document dissemination, training course
delivery, and related outreach efforts will include school personnel, health
professionals, environmental and public health officials, building-related
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personnel, and providers of services delivered indoors to children and other
sensitive populations.
Providing a Strong Scientific and Technical Basis for Regulatory Programs
The Office of Research and Development (ORD) will support the Office of Air
and Radiation by providing: health and ecological effects data, monitoring
methods and support, models, assessments, emission reduction technologies, and
quality assurance in support of the regulatory, policy, and public information
needs of the air program. ORD will use additional resources to assess widespread
tropospheric nonattainment problems, health impacts of air toxics in urban areas,
and risks posed by air deposition of hazardous air pollutants to the Great Water
Bodies.
ORD will support a major initiative to study widespread tropospheric ozone
nonattainment problems. The initiative responds to a report by the National
Academy of Sciences (NAS) that challenged the scientific basis for the Agency's
approach to meeting the ozone NAAQS. As a result, the Agency convened a panel
of scientists from academia, industry, and government to prepare a research
strategy to deal with problems raised by the NAS and to ensure that Agency
regulatory decision-making is based on sound science. The end result was the
development of a national public/private research program called the "North
American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone" (NARSTO).
" The current NARSTO research plan identifies high priority research to be co-
sponsored and conducted by EPA and other partners. The Agency will use
additional resources to support improvements in atmospheric chemistry and
modeling, emission inventories, national monitoring networks and regional
intensive field studies in serious ozone nonattainment areas, and support for
analysis and assessment protocol development and application.
Researchers have accumulated evidence in recent years that ambient particulate
matter exposures at levels below the current PM-10 NAAQS may have significant
impacts on health. Little is known about mechanisms by which these particles
affect human health. The Agency will continue it's efforts in this area.
The Agency will resume urban toxics research with additional resources. Urban
toxics research is a Congressionally mandated program to characterize risks of
hazardous air pollutants emitted from small sources that are concentrated in
large numbers in urban neighborhoods. Researchers will identify pollutants that
are emitted in significant amounts and analyze the attendant risk. They will
combine biomarker monitoring, ambient monitoring, and demographic data to
determine whether inner city and other poor neighborhoods are subjected to
exposures to heavy metals and other pollutants to a greater degree than other
neighborhoods. This investment will make an important contribution to ensuring
environmental justice by enabling the Agency to make more informed judgments on
risks that may be disproportionate for minorities and low income populations.
EPA also will carry out an expanded program of research on the Great Water
Bodies. The expansion will support the development of methods to estimate-air
toxic emissions from key sources in the Great Lakes region and help identify the
most significant sources of toxic pollutants to the Great Lakes. The expansion
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will also support research on transport and deposition of hazardous air
pollutants to the Great Lakes, Lake Champlain, and coastal waters and the
potential adverse effects of such pollutants on ecological resources or human
health.
The Agency will continue other research efforts to implement the requirements
of the CAAA including methods for measuring stack emissions, modeling dispersion
of pollutants, measuring ambient concentrations of pollutants, and ensuring
acceptable data quality for the measurements to be relied on for determining
compliance with the NAAQS and related existing or new source performance
standards, as well as air toxics research on source test methods and control
technology.
The Agency will continue global climate research as part of a coordinated,
multi-institutional effort to develop and provide the scientific basis to assess,
evaluate, and predict the ecological and environmental consequences of global
change. In response to the priorities of the National Science and Technology
Council's Committee on the Environment and Natural Resources, the Agency will
emphasize implementation of a new program on Regional Vulnerabilities and Impact
Assessment (REVEAL). This program will assess regional ecological
vulnerabilities and impacts under different global climate change scenarios and
develop mitigation/adaptation strategies to protect, maintain, or restore these
resources. Other research on global climate will focus on improving models for
predicting global climate and identifying the factors controlling the fluxes of
greenhouse gases.
EPA will also continue stratospheric ozone research to help quantify the human
health effects associated with elevated levels of ultra-violet beta (UV-B)
radiation; working cooperatively with the National Weather Service (NWS) to
produce daily predictions of UV exposure; and studies to evaluate alternatives
for ozone depleting substances.
The indoor air research program will identify, characterize, and compare the
health risks associated with exposures to indoor air pollutants so that risk
assessors and risk managers can make informed decisions to protect public health,
while radon mitigation research will be eliminated and indoor air control
techniques research will be reduced.
The Office of Research and Development will phase down support for pollutants
from motor vehicles research, however major support will continue to be provided
for the Health Effects Institute which will focus mainly on selected risk
assessments, emissions characterization and health effects work in support of the
risk assessment.
Other program reductions include elimination of support for the National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP). Acid deposition monitoring and
assessment work will continue to be carried out under the Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment Program within the Ecosystems Protection initiative and
funded in the Multimedia Research Program Element.
FEES
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In 1996 the Agency expects to collect $11,500,000 in fees through the mobile
source certification program to cover the costs related to the certification,
fuel economy, SEA and recall programs. These funds will cover the costs of
operating federal programs for states that do not submit approvable programs or
do not adequately implement approved programs.
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AIR
ACTUAL
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES 1994
National Ambient Air
Quality Standards
Number of Pollutants
Covered (Cumulative) . 6
Proposals.] 1
Promulgations.) 0
New Source Performance Standards
Number of Source Categories
Covered: Proposed or
Promulgated (Cumulative)... 73
Proposals2 4
Promulgations 0
National Emission Standards
for Hazardous Air Pollutants
Number of Source Categories
Covered: Proposed or
Promulgated (Cumulative)... 96
Number of Pollutants
Addressed (Cumulative).... 168
Proposals2 12
Promulgations 4
Stratospheric Ozone Protection
Proposals
Promulgations
Technicians Certified. . .
Tons of Class I
Production Produced^. . .
Acid Rain Program
Proposals
Promulgations
GEMS Certified
Permit Actions
(Compliance Plans Approved,
Revisions, Activations). . .
5
6
500,000
382,300
1
2
1,000
1,134
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
ESTIMATE
1996
6
1
0
74
1
5
118
172
9
10
75
1
1
128
176
10
5
5
250,000
395,517
3
6
3,800
300
INCREASE (+)
DECREASE (-)
1996 VS 1995
4
3
150,000
14,000
2
2
4,000
100
0
+1
+1
+1
0
-4
+10
+4
+1
-2
-1
-2
-100,000
-381,517
-1
-4
+200
-200
2-13
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AIR
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Number of Quarterly
Emissions Reports Processed
by Emissions Tracking System
(ETS) by Unit
Allowance Transactions. . . .
ACTUAL
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
ESTIMATE
1996
INCREASE (+)
DECREASE (-)
1996 VS 1995
861
231
Enforcement Actions - Stationary Sources/,
Inspections
Notices of Violation.
Administrative Orders.
Civil Litigation. . .
Criminal Litigation. .
2,160
246
202
185
42
Compliance Actions - Mobile Sources
Assembly Line Audits 16
Production Compliance
Audit 0
Recall Investigations ... 28
Notices of Violation
Tampering/Fuel Switchingj. 47
4,900
1,300
2,100
250
250
70
40
16
1
29
0
9,300
1,900
2,100
250
250
70
40
16
1
37
0
+4,400
+600
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+8
0
Revisions or reaffirmations.
New source categories and revisions. NESHAPs include air toxic standards
developed under other regulatory authorities.
All class I's other than methyl bromide are phased out in 1995. Class II's
begin phaseout in 2003 and are not reflected here.
Stationary Source outputs were supplied by OECA.
The reduction in outputs from 1994 to 1995 is the result: of the mobile
sources enforcement component being moved to the OECA.
NOTE: All outputs are incremental except as indicated.
2-14
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AIR
Air Quality Research
ACTUAL
1994
PROGRAM
Air Quality Research
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL
Acid Deposition
Research
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL
Global Change Research
Research
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Air Quality Research TOTAL
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Air Quality Research
Acid Deposition
Research
Global Change Research
Research
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Air Quality Research
Acid Deposition
Research
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$24,304
$2,985
$59,186
$86,475
$937
$680
$8,471
$10,089
$4,804
$25,746
$30,551
$30,046
$3,665
$93,404
$127,116
327
13
63
403
332
13
.5
.4
.0
.9
.8
.0
.7
.5
.6
.6
.2
.9
.4
.3
.6
.0
.2
.5
.7
.6
.2
$25,412
.4
$59,477.8
$84,890
$588
$1,435
$2,023
$4,979
$24,280
$29,260
$30,980
$85,194
$116,174
328
7
62
398
328
7
.2
.2
.7
.9
.5
.6
.1
.1
.1
.2
.6
.4
.2
.2
.6
.4
$26,936
$52,222
$79,159
$589
$1,523
$2,112
$5,177
$392
$18,437
$24,006
$32,703
$392
$72,182
$105,277
390
7
77
475
390
7
.7
.3
.0
.8
.0
.8
.0
.0
.0
.0
.5
.0
.3
.8
.1
.4
.7
.2
.1
.4
$26,803.
$51,944.
$78,748.
$586.
$1,477.
$2,064.
$5,151.
$392.
$17,839.
$23,382.
$32,541.
$392.
$71,261.
$104,194.
384.
7.
76.
468.
384.
7.
8 $29,081.3
6 $55,160.3
4 $84,241.6
8
5
3
2 $5,118.6
0
0 $17,349.9
2 $22,468.5
8 $34,199.9
0
1 $72,510.2
9 $106,710.1
8 389.5
3
6 68.7
7 458.2
8 389.5
3
$2,277.
$3,215.
$5,493.
-$586.
-$1,477.
-$2,064.
-$32.
-$392.
-$489.
-$913.
$1,658.
-$392.
$1,249.
$2,515.
4.
5
7
2
8
5
3
6
0
1
7
1
0
1
2
7
-7.3
-7.
-10.
4.
9
5
7
-7.3
$3,668.9
-$4,317.5
-$648.6
-$588.2
-$1,435.7
-$2,023.9
$139.1
-$6,930.7
-$6,791.6
$3,219.8
-$12,683.9
-$9,464.1
60.9
-7.4
6.5
60.0
60.9
-7.4
Global Change Research 64.3 62.2 77.7 76.6 68.7 -7.9 6.5
Research
TOTAL UORKYEARS 410.1 398.2 475.2 468.7 458.2 -10.5 60.0
2-15
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AIR
AIR QUALITY RESEARCH
PRINCIPAL OUTPUTS
1996
o Complete methodology for quantitative estimation of health impact of high
exposure to toxic chemicals of short duration.
o Publish final revisions to EPA Cancer Risk Assessment Guidelines.
o PM Air Quality Criteria Document: Post-Clean Air Scientific Advisory
Committee (CASAC) revision to final version by end of December 1995 (as
per Court Order deadlines).
o Reports/articles on possible causal mechanisms and relative potencies for
causing toxic effects by particles of varying size/composition.
o Completion of a modeling study investigating the response of
photochemical oxidants in the eastern United States to systematic
emissions reductions of anthropogenic NOX and VOCs.
o Completion of the initial operational version of Models-3, an advanced
multi-scale modeling system for oxidants, acid deposition, and aerosols.
o Improved Human Exposure Model for Vehicular Emissions.
o Publish a standardized method for characterizing wet (e.g., paint) indoor
pollutant sources, which will enable industry and the public to compare
product emissions.
1995
o Publication summarizing the refrigeration performance in a compressor
calorimeter of non-ozone-depleting substances to replace R502 used in
low-temperature refrigeration applications.
o Develop source test methods to measure emissions of hazardous air
pollutants (HAPS), bringing the total of HAPs for which methods have been
validated to 120 of the total of 189 listed in the Clean Air Act.
o Publish proposed revisions of the EPA Cancer Risk Assessment Guidelines
addressing recommendations of the National Academy of Sciences report
"Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment".
o Air Quality Criteria Document for Particulate Matter: External Review
Draft, Public Comment, and CASAC Review at August 1995 Public Meeting.
o Data and interpretive reports on results from the Acid Aerosol
Characterization Study - Washington, DC.
2-16
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o Air Quality Criteria Document for Ozone and Other Photochemical Oxidants;
CASAC review of penultimate draft and completion of final version.
o Completion of a major field campaign in the Nashville, TN region as part
of the Southern Oxidants Study to study the chemical and meteorological
processes of power plant, urban, and regional photochemical oxidant plume
interactions.
o Benzene and Butadiene Cancer Assessment.
o Report on Cold Temperature Effects on Emissions from Vehicles Using
Oxygenated Fuels.
o Evaluate and report on the effectiveness of duct cleaning techniques for
improving indoor air quality.
1994
o Presentation to the Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute on
flammability testing of zero-ozone-depleting substances.
o Developed source test methods to measure emissions of halogenated organic
hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), providing validated methods to measure
93 of the 189 HAPs listed in the Clean Air Act.
o Published reports on formation and control of dioxins in municipal
incinerators and on control of mercury emissions.
o Data and interpretive Reports on results from the Acid Aerosol
Characterization Study - Philadelphia.
o Completed development of regional scale particle model for sulfates that
includes cloud processes and the formation of new particles from gas-
particle conversion.
o Development of an improved process-level model to estimate biogenic
emissions from trees (BEIS-2).
o Adaptation of Graham Johnson's SMOG production equations to an
observationally-based approach to analyze monitoring data to assess
whether ozone production is NOX- or VOC-limited.
o Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) Risk Assessment.
o Journal Article - "Ozone Precursor Emissions from Alternatively Fueled
Vehicles".
o Evaluated factors affecting fungal growth on five different duct liners,
concluding that dust accumulation and moisture availability are the two
most important factors.
o Completed guidance manuals for radon mitigation in existing detached
houses and construction of radon-resistant schools and other large
buildings.
2-17
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AIR
AIR QUALITY RESEARCH
Budget Request
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $84,241,600 and 389.5 total workyears for 1996,
an increase of $5,493,200 and an increase of 4.7 total workyears from 1995. Of
the request, $29,081,300 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and $55,160,300 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,277,500 in the Program and
Research Operations appropriation, and an increase of $3,215,700 in the Research
and Development appropriation.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $78,748,400 and 384.8 total workyears for
this program element, of which $26,803,800 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation, $51,944,600 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $86,475,900 and 332.6 total workyears for this
program element, of which $24,304,500 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation, $59,186,000 was from the Research and Development
appropriation, and $2,985,400 is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
RESEARCH ISSUES
The Air Quality Research Program covers a wide variety of research activities
to provide health and ecological effects data, monitoring methods and support,
models, assessments, emission reduction technologies, and quality assurance in
support of the regulatory, policy, and public information needs of EPA's Air
Program. These research efforts include investigating toxic air pollutants;
research on criteria air pollutants to develop the basis for the national ambient
air quality standards and State Implementation Plans (SIPs) understanding mobile
source emissions and air quality effects under the rapid dynamics of changing
fuel composition and motor vehicle technologies; and addressing the human health
risks associated with indoor air quality.
Several significant changes are reflected in this submission, including
increases for research on Tropospheric Ozone, Urban Air Toxics, and Great Waters.
The changes also include decreases in other air quality research including
reductions in research on Pollutants from Motor Vehicles, Indoor Air, Acid
Deposition, Stratospheric Ozone Depletion, and Global Climate mitigation.
2-18
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The sections below describe research program issues by each fiscal year.
Global Climate Change
1996 Program Request
No resources are being requested for this research issue.
Explanation of Change-0.5 FTE-$266.2K (R&D)
Due to the need to fund other Agency priorities, support for global climate
mitigation research is being eliminated including application studies of fuzzy
logic principles to enhance energy efficiency.
1995 Program
Because of the potential serious risks of global change to human health and
the environment, ORD is conducting research to develop cost effective mitigation
and adaption options. EPA is continuing to support further application studies
of fuzzy logic principles to enhance energy efficiency as a way of furthering
global climate mitigation efforts. Researchers are initiating field testing of
the fuzzy logic microchip in cooperation with several industrial partners. They
are placing emphasis on an automotive engine application and on stationary
inductions motors used in pumps and blowers. Scientists are completing the data
analysis and project documentation of a landfill demonstration which investigated
the potential for reducing methane emissions by using waste methane from
decomposing biomass as a fuel.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the performance of the fuzzy-logic energy optimizer was extensively
documented in a precision test facility. Realistic test loads were applied to
a small (10 hp) AC industrial motor via a dynamometer. Efficiency gains of up
to 20% were obtained from the laboratory demonstration. The energy optimizer is
complemented by a sensorless speed controller which maintains motor shaft
revolutions per minute (RPM) to produce constant output power. Laboratory
testing demonstrated that the motor shaft RPM is controlled very precisely by the
device. Work was initiated to convert the prototype controller to microchip form
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
1996 Program Request
No resources are being requested for this research issue.
Explanation of Change -7.5 FTE -$879.2K (R&D)
All of the resources for this research activity have been shifted to the
Global Change Research Program Element to simplify and consolidate the
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Research program within a single Program Element.
2-19
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1995 Program
Over the last ten years, the Earth's stratospheric ozone layer has been
diminished due to synthetic compounds which migrate to the stratosphere and
destroy the ozone layer. This research directly supports the implementation of
requirements in both the Montreal Protocol and Title VI of the Clean Air Act
(CAA) to phase-out consumption and use of ozone depleting substances (ODS) in
prescribed time frames. The primary goal of this program is to cooperate with
industry to provide the scientific and engineering data needed to replace ODS
with more environmentally acceptable alternatives.
The stratospheric ozone mitigation research program is collecting additional
data on the chemical and physical properties of those compounds which have been
identified by ORD as potential replacements for ODS, including CFCs and HCFCs.
Researchers are using the additional property data to focus the research program
on compounds and mixtures that pose no significant threat to human health and the
environment, and have the greatest probability of being rapidly adopted by
industry to replace existing ODS. In addition to the property testing,
researchers are generating information on how well these new compounds and
mixtures will perform in critical end uses, including residential and commercial
refrigeration systems, space cooling systems (heat pumps, chillers), automobile
air conditioning, and insulation.
Researchers are using pilot and full scale systems to evaluate performance.
Engineers are using the pilot-scale system (compressor calorimeter) to screen
prospective replacements. ORD is conducting full-scale tests for a few
compounds, once sufficient property and preliminary performance data are
available. Researchers will compare data on the performance of the new compounds
and mixtures in specific applications to those of existing compounds used in the
same application. The property and performance data together are expected to
provide sufficient data for catalyzing industry to conduct the additional testing
needed to commercialize environmentally friendly alternatives.
1994 Accomplishments
The ORD program to investigate replacements for ODS was very productive in
1994. Additional data on the chemical and physical properties (flammability,
toxicity, miscibility etc.) of the most promising replacement compounds was
collected and testing was conducted to determine whether a specific chemical is
worth pursuing for one or more end-use applications. In addition, data was
generated on the by-products produced when CFC's are incinerated. In the area
of property testing, ORD research contributed significantly to the revision of
the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) flammability test method
through the discovery, during in-house property testing, of flaws in the existing
method. This ORD work will directly influence how government and industry labs
determine the flammability of proposed replacement compounds. Tests were carried
out to evaluate the flammability, lubricant miscibility, and toxicity of several
promising replacements including HFC-236fa, HFC-245ca, HFE-125, and HFE143a.
Research to investigate the applicability of these compounds to specific end-uses
(refrigeration, insulation, automobile air-conditioners and heatpumps) was
conducted in a compressor calorimeter to determine if the performance of HFC-
236fa as a refrigerant compared to that of CFC-114. These data are important
2-20
-------
because HFC 236fa is a leading replacement for commercial chillers which use CFC-
114. Data on improved heat exchanger designs for heat pumps which use
refrigerant mixtures and secondary loop designs for supermarket refrigeration
systems was also collected. In all cases, the research conducted has directly
benefitted industry efforts to identify replacements for ODS which will be phased
out early in the next century.
Research conducted by ORD to evaluate incineration as a disposal technology
for CFC's has been very productive. In 1994, ORD demonstrated at the pilot-
scale that CFC's can be incinerated at high input rates (69% CFC/31% fuel) with
high destruction efficiencies (> 99.99%) and low air emissions. As part of this
effort ORD determined that incineration temperature was the most important
variable influencing air emission levels and corrosion will cause major
operational problems for CFC incineration facilities.
Air Toxics
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,852,100 and 74.3 workyears for 1996, an
increase of $3,842,500 and 3.7 workyears. The request of $9,852,100 will be for
the Research and Development appropriation. The Program and Research Operations
appropriation funding related to workyears can be found under the Air Quality
Research Infrastructure Issue.
Air toxics are both a major health risk and significant ecological risk. The
Clean Air Act (CAA) requires control actions for major and area sources of
toxics, and research to address urban toxics and air toxics deposition to "Great
Waters". The ORD research program is addressing key scientific questions about
the nature and extent of the air toxics problem, the technologies for prevention
and control of significant emissions, and the methods of analysis and measurement
needed by the EPA and State agencies to implement the terms of the CAA.
Researchers will work on urban toxics research. Urban toxics research is a
Congressionally mandated program to characterize risks of hazardous air
pollutants (HAPs) emitted from small sources that are concentrated in large
numbers in urban neighborhoods. Researchers will identify the pollutants that
are emitted into neighborhoods in significant amounts and analyze the attendant
risk of such pollutants. They will combine biomarker monitoring, ambient
monitoring, and demographic data to determine whether inner city and other poor
neighborhoods are subjected to exposures to heavy metals and other pollutants to
a greater degree than other neighborhoods. The work will include research on the
potential for atmospheric transformation of high volume hazardous air pollutants
(CAA section 112 list) with relatively low toxicity (e.g. toluene) to chemical
forms with more significant toxicity. This has been identified as a high
priority, long term question for urban toxics.
Researchers will also carry out an expanded program of research on the Great
Waters. Great Waters research is a Congressionally mandated program to assess
the risks posed by air deposition of HAPS to the Great Lakes and Coastal Waters.
Great Lakes air deposition monitoring and modeling will be conducted jointly with
Canada. Health and ecological effects, and fate and transport of HAPS are also
2-21
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elements of the research. The expansion will support the development of
methodologies to estimate air toxic emissions from key sources in the Great Lakes
area. The emissions estimates will be linked to Great Lakes monitoring data to
permit matching of key sources with the monitored pollutants. This will allow
EPA to identify the most significant sources of toxic pollutants to the Great
Lakes. The expansion will also support research on the topic of transport and
deposition of hazardous air pollutants to the Great Lakes, Lake Champlain, or
coastal waters and the potential adverse effects of such pollutants on ecological
resources or human health.
EPA will continue work on effects, risk, and prevention research. Researchers
will conduct source test methods research in order to enable measurement of HAPs
emissions and prediction of their dispersion and deposition in the environment.
Researchers will also conduct research to develop toxicity data, exposure data,
and risk assessment methods to better assess HAPS risks. Through technology
research, they will provide new prevention and control options for industry. In
the area of pollution prevention, they will concentrate on chemical uses that are
widespread and conducted by small companies who can better afford prevention than
control equipment.
Explanation of Change +3.7 FTE +$3,842.5K (R&D)
The increase of $3,842,500 is composed of an investment of $4,332,500 to
support initiatives for Urban Toxics research and Great Waters research and a
disinvestment of $490,000 related to discontinuing funding for a Congressionally
directed project funded in 1995.
The proposed investment of $4,332,500 will enable EPA to carry out two
Congressionally mandated research programs. An increase of $3,532,500 for urban
toxics research will be used to characterize risks of hazardous air pollutants
(HAPS) emitted from small sources that are concentrated in large numbers in urban
neighborhoods. The impact of urban toxics is predominately on inner city
residents who are largely racial and cultural minorities who receive the
poorest medical care. This investment will make an important contribution to
ensuring environmental justice by enabling the Agency to make more informed
judgments on risks that may be disproportionate for minorities and low income
populations. An increase of $800,000 will provide support for the development
of methodologies to estimate air toxic emissions from key sources in the Great
Lakes area and thereby enable EPA to carry out its statutory responsibilities
under the Clean Air Act to assess the risks posed by air deposition of HAPS to
the Great Lakes.
1995 Program
EPA is conducting research to characterize the health and ecological risks
associated with air toxics and to develop better ways to measure, prevent, and
control emissions through technically and economically efficient means.
Researchers are conducting studies to develop valid source emission test methods
for hazardous air pollutants (HAPS), including quality assurance studies. In the
health effects area, they are conducting research on the acute and chronic
effects of HAPS on respiratory physiology. In addition, they are conducting non-
cancer health risk assessments of HAPS, with emphasis on inhalation toxicity, and
2-22
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cancer effects studies, with emphasis on biological processes, indicators, and
effects of mixtures. ORD is supporting research on Great Lakes monitoring, and
the development and field evaluation of innovative control technologies for air
toxics. Scientists are continuing research in the health and ecological effects
and assessment research areas, and in ambient monitoring methods.
Congressional Directives. A total of $500,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project for support of the Mickey Leland National Urban Toxics Center,
of which $10,000 is for the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program in
the Multimedia program element in the Innovative Technologies research issue.
1994 Accomplishments
The research program made several notable advances in support of the
implementation of the hazardous air pollutant program of the Clean Air Act. For
the 189 hazardous air pollutants (HAP's) listed in the Act for regulation, there
are now validated methods to measure source emissions of the 93 of highest
priority. These methods are necessary to support both risk assessment and
permitting activities by states as well as consideration of pollution trading
options for regulations, in lieu of command and control styles rules. Pollution
prevention approaches for roofing materials were published and progress was made
on such approaches for autobody refinishing and furniture finish topcoats.
In the area of emissions technology, papers were completed on the formation
and control of dioxins in municipal incinerators and the control of mercury
emissions. In further support of the incinerator work, a workshop of 100 persons
was held covering both research and management strategies regarding dioxin and
furan formation and control. A methodology was completed and published for
hazard and dose-response assessment of inhaled toxics. This last document
advances the sophistication of considering lung physiology and dynamics in dose
response.
Criteria Air Pollutants
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $34,985,400 and 149.6 workyears for 1996, an
increase of $3,579,600 and 10.7 workyears. The request of $34,985,400 will be
for the Research and Development appropriation. The Program and Research
Operations appropriation funding related to workyears can be found under the Air
Quality Research Infrastructure Issue.
Ambient exposures to certain widespread air pollutants, i.e., ozone (03),
nitrogen oxides (NOX) carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM), sulfur
dioxide (S02), and lead (Pb), continue to pose health and environmental risks.
EPA is required to periodically review (every five years), and, as appropriate,
revise National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for these pollutants. ORD
research provides scientific support to enable timely conduct of the mandated
periodic review/revision of criteria for both primary and secondary NAAQS,
related technical support for other mandated activities, and tools needed to
ensure effective development of and compliance with State Implementation Plans
(SIPs).
2-23
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o This research program is required to carry out sections 108-109 of the
Clean Air Act (CAA). The research is important because it will help:
o reduce uncertainties in risk assessments and thereby provide credible
scientific bases for 03 NAAQS decisions by OAR/EPA;
o produce tools needed to guide future control strategies so that the 03
NAAQS can be attained, reducing the potential health threat to 51 million
people now living in 03 non-attainment areas and the $1 billion estimated
to be lost annually in U.S. crop/forest damage as cited in EPA's Ozone
Criteria Document;
o reduce uncertainties in risk assessments and thereby provide credible
scientific bases for major PM NAAQS revision decisions;
o produce tools needed to guide future risk reduction strategies so that the
PM NAAQS can be attained to reduce potential health threats to the U.S.
population (estimates of up to 50,000 deaths per year in U.S. due to PM
exposures have received recent wide publicity);
o develop and implement SIPs by providing States with appropriate, reliable
methods for measuring stack emissions, for modeling dispersion of
pollutants, for measuring ambient concentrations of pollutants, and
ensuring acceptable data quality for the measurements to be relied on for
determining compliance with the NAAQS and related existing or new source
performance standards.
Additional resources will be used to expand support for a major initiative
launched in 1995 to study widespread tropospheric ozone 03 non-attainment
problems. The initiative responds to a report by the National Academy of
Sciences (NAS) which challenged the scientific basis for the Agency's approach-
to meeting the 03 NAAQS and which also stated that "despite the major regulatory
and pollution-control programs of the past 10 years, efforts to attain the NAAQS
for ozone largely have failed." The Agency convened a panel of scientists from
academia, industry and government to prepare a research strategy to deal with
problems raised by the NAS and to insure that Agency regulatory decision-making
is based on sound science. The end result of this was the development of a
national public/private research program called the "North American Research
Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone" or (NARSTO).
NARSTO is a consortium of about 60 public and private organizations involved
in research relating to attainment of the 03 NAAQS. This includes most major
utilities, the auto industry, the oil industry, the academic community, State
agencies, and other Federal agencies including NOAA, DOE and the TVA, and
comparable Canadian and Mexican governmental organizations. A key feature of
'NARSTO is that public and private resources will be combined (at a ratio of 2:1
of non-EPA money to EPA funding) to solve the key research questions.
The current NARSTO research plan identifies high priority research to be co-
sponsored and conducted by EPA and other partners. An additional $3.5 million
is being requested in 1996 for this high priority research. The additional
resources will be used to support improvements in atmospheric chemistry and
2-24
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modeling, emissions inventories, national monitoring networks, conducting
regional intensive field studies in serious ozone non-attainment areas, and
support for analysis and assessment protocol development and application.
Researchers have accumulated evidence in recent years that ambient PM
exposures at levels below the current PM^0 NAAQS may have significant impacts on
human health. Epidemiological studies indicate significant associations between
a variety of measures of particulate air pollution and both mortality and
morbidity measures of health effects at PM levels well below current U.S.
standards. Correlations are significant for both acute effects (from time series
correlations of daily exposures and health responses) and chronic effects (from
cohort studies of health risks for people with varying chronic exposure). Human
health risks, predicted from epidemiological data and therefore relatively
uncertain, are estimated as being potentially substantial and justify increased
research attention. Of most concern are indications from epidemiology studies
of increased mortality risks, especially among the elderly and those with
preexisting cardiopulmonary disease, even at levels below current PM10 NAAQS
values. Plausible biological mechanisms by which PM at low ambient levels could
cause mortality and morbidity effects suggested by epidemiological studies have
yet to be identified. Therefore, it is not yet possible to determine which
ambient PM components are most significant for health effects although several
hypothesis can be tested through in-vitro studies with cell cultures and
controlled inhalation exposure studies with animals and people.
.Unfortunately, little is known about mechanisms by which particles affect
human health. To increase knowledge in this area, ORD is continuing to conduct
a large multi-year research effort which was expanded in 1995. The research
initiative will focus on the physiology of particle inhalation and respiratory
tract deposition, better characterization of the size and composition of
particles in the air, changes that occur while the particles are airborne, human
exposure patterns, and identification of chemical/size components that make
particles particularly hazardous.
ORD will continue research on health studies regarding acute and chronic ozone
exposure effects. In the ecological effects research area, researchers will
evaluate the effects of Oj and other stressors on tree growth, as well as work
on integrated risk assessment of tree and ecosystem impacts of 03 in rural areas.
EPA will continue to collaborate with scientists and engineers from the Peoples
Republic of China (PRC) in the conduct of the third year of an epidemiological
study to quantify the effects of air pollutants, especially particulate matter,
on children's lung functions in Chinese cities.
Explanation of Change +10.7 FTE +$3,579.6K (R&D)
The total change is composed of a $3,481,900 initiative for Tropospheric Ozone
research and the shift of resources ($97,700) for a related research program (an
epidemiological study on the effects of air pollutants on children's lung
functions in Chinese cities) from the Multimedia Research Program Element to
simplify and consolidate the Criteria Air Pollutants Research program within a
single program element.
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To produce needed 03 risk reduction tools requires a large investment beyond
EPA's abilities to bear alone. The national NARSTO program provides an effective
means to combine resources of all stakeholders to accomplish the needed research.
EPA's funding for the NARSTO program represents only a share of the projected
investment needed to pay for the critical research identified in the national
research strategy development process. Other public and private organizations
are committing to provide matching funds at a ratio of <2:1 of their money to
EPA's. The additional $3.5 million (combined with >$7 million in matching
public/private funds) will increase research in the following long term and short
term areas:
Monitoring and Methods area will be increased to support: (1) improvements to
the national monitoring network, especially for important 03 reaction
products and for upper air measurements, to provide first order information
for forecasting tools and to confirm effectiveness of controls as they are put
in place, (2) studies of innovative Observational-Based Methods for using
ambient concentrations and meteorological measurements in assessing potential
ozone responses to emissions changes, and (3) the conduct of regional
intensive field studies in several U.S. areas with serious Oj non-attainment
problems and large confounding uncertainties on emissions sources, and local
atmospheric chemistry, transport and fate.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Modeling increases will go to: (1) kinetic and
mechanistic studies of highly reactive high ambient level VOCs, including
aromatics and biogenics, (2) studies of the important interaction of boundary
layer turbulence and atmospheric chemistry for improvement of the next
generation models, and (3) studies into quantitative techniques for assessing
the uncertainty inherent in modeling systems.
Emissions Inventories increases will go to : (1) studies of large scale fluxes
of biogenic emissions of VOCs and NOX for varying landscapes , and (2)
developing emissions models and input factors for major categories of non-road
mobile sources.
Analysis and Assessment area, a new activity, will develop and apply protocols
needed to combine results from the Emissions Based Model related research on
emissions inventories, atmospheric chemistry, and modeling with the
Observational Based Methods results on monitoring and physical measurements,
to compare projected forecasts of ambient 03 with actual measurements to
assess control effectiveness.
1995 Program
EPA is using additional funding in 1995 to begin two major initiatives which
address the human health and environmental risks posed by two criteria air
pollutants, tropospheric ozone and particulate matter. The additional funding
for tropospheric ozone is being used to begin to implement the NARSTO plan. The
additional resources will improve the understanding of both ozone formation and
ozone health effects, as well as improving emissions inventory methods and
modeling approaches needed to ensure effective control measures. Specific
activities being expanded include:
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Monitoring: Expand efforts to track progress in reducing tropospheric ozone
and its precursors, including: improved chemical species methodology for
surface air measurements for use in improved regional networks and intensive
field studies (e.g., in the Northeast), enabling use of ambient measurements
to determine natural and man-made emissions of precursors, with local and
upwind origins, resulting in localized ozone episodes.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Modeling: Improve knowledge of chemical/dispersion
mechanisms for predicting ozone formation and for determining relative amounts
of VOC and NOX control required for 03 NAAQS attainment, including: kinetics
and mechanisms for some of the most crucial low VOC and low NOX concentration
reactions; improved meteorology and scaled plume effect modules and their
incorporation/validation in next generation models being readied for midcourse
national policy adjustment.
Emissions Inventories: Improve estimates of real world mobile source
emissions and landscape level emission rates for biogenic VOCs, including:
methods for determining temporal and spatial motor vehicle
operations/emissions; methods for conversion of dynamometer factors to real
world highway emissions; determining contributions of super emitters and
effects of I&M programs; and conducting field and laboratory measurements of
biogenic VOC emissions for important ecosystems along with a vegetation canopy
database.
Health Effects: Expand work to further evaluate chronic 03 exposure effects
and possible relationships of acute 03 effects to progression of chronic
disease processes including characterization of personal exposures and
epidemiological studies of long-term 0^ exposures and chronic lung disease.
With respect to particulate matter, resources are being used in 1995 to
support expanded research which will focus on better characterization of the size
and composition of particles in the air, changes that occur while the particles
are airborne, human exposure patterns, the physiology of particle inhalation and
respiratory tract deposition, and identification of chemical/size components that
make particular classes of particles more hazardous than others. More
specifically, the increased funding for PM10 research in 1995 is being used to
support'expansion or initiation of new work in the following areas.
Modeling: Work to develop, evaluate and apply human exposure and urban-
regional scale models to elucidate the nature of PM sources, spatial and temporal
distributions, and human exposure patterns.
Measurement: Research to develop and evaluate state-of-the-art methods to
identify and measure atmospheric particles by size and chemical composition
classes to support exposure assessments and atmospheric research, and for
development/equivalency comparisons of new Federal Reference Method to support
any revised PM NAAQS.
Exposure: Research aimed at characterization of human exposures to PM to
relate to health effects measurements, to determine sources and atmospheric
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processes involved in PM transport, transformation, fate, and to support emerging
regulatory developments.
Health Effects: Research involving: (1) evaluation/reanalyses of existing
epidemiologic databases purported in other published reports to demonstrate
increased mortality, especially in the elderly (>65 yrs) at PM levels well below
EPA's current 24 hour and annual-average PM10 NAAQS; (2) generation of additional
epidemiological morbidity/mortality data sets for refined statistical analyses
controlling further for potentially confounding weather (e.g., temperature
extremes) and other factors; (3) particle dosimetry/extrapolation modeling; and
(4) in-vitro and in-vivo animal studies of mechanisms of action by which
particles may exert toxics effects
Other research in 1995 includes continuing work on health studies regarding
acute and chronic ozone exposure effects and with regard to ecological research
evaluating effects of 03 and other stressors (e.g., droughts, pests, etc.) on
tree growth, as well as work on integrated risk assessment of tree and ecosystem
impacts of 03 in rural areas. Work will also continue in 1995 on completion of
preparation and peer review of a revised Air Quality Criteria Document (AQCD) for
Ozone and Other Photochemical Oxidants. SIPs-related work on ozone modeling is
also being continued, as well as other work on SIPs emissions/reduction controls
(e.g., NOX control technology) and improved emissions inventory methods for 03
precursors.
19-94 Accomplishments
Major accomplishments included not only establishment of the NARSTO Program
administrative structure and negotiation of coordinated research planning/funding
with non-EPA partners, but also several more specific ozone-related research
outputs. These included, for example: development of (a) an improved process-
level model to estimate biogenic emissions from trees (BEIS-2) ; (b) a new method
for measuring carbonyl species and detection of 35 different products formed
during the atmospheric oxidation of isoprene; and (c) an adaptation of Graham
Johnson's SMOG production equations to an observationally-based approach to
analyze monitoring data to assess whether ozone production is NOX- or VOC-
limited. All of these advances will contribute to improved modeling of ozone
formation and more accurate prediction of likely effectiveness of region-specific
alternative SIPs strategies for reducing tropospheric 03 in non-attainment areas.
Other 03-related research yielded (a) further progress in elucidating health
effects associated with multihour exposures of human subjects to ozone; (b)
characterization of exposure-response functions for 03 effects on growth of 10
economically/ecologically important tree species seedlings and saplings (data
useful in cost/benefit analyses); and (c) development of regional U.S. ecorisk
assessment maps relating indices of 03 exposure in non-attainment areas to
potential impacts on agricultural/ecological resources (forests, crops, etc.).
Also, the First External Review Draft of the Air Quality Criteria Document for
Ozone was prepared and released for public comment and peer review by the Clean
Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC) in 1994.
Other PM-related major accomplishments included: (a) completion of data
collection and interpretive reports on results from the Acid Aerosol
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Characterization Study in Philadelphia, yielding useful new information on PM10-
PMgj particle distribution relationships in that representative Eastern U.S.
urban area to relate to mortality/morbidity effects; (b) development of a
regional-scale particle model for sulfates that includes cloud processes and the
formation of new particles from gas-particle conversion, useful in improving PM
models employed for research and/or SIPs purposes; and (c) field deployment of
PM monitoring platforms in Phoenix to provide aerometric data for prospective
epidemiology studies addressing PM health effects in an urban area with greater
predominance of coarse-mode crustal materials than in Eastern U.S. urban areas,
useful in ascertaining possible differences in health risks depending on particle
size/composition.
Other research was initiated to evaluate potential mechanisms of action (using
in-vitro or in-vivo animal models) for toxic effects of particles of varying
size/composition on respiratory tract tissues (e.g., acute inflammation) that
might provide biological plausibility for mortality/morbidity effects reported
for low PM concentrations from human epidemiology studies. Also, drafting of
a revised Air Quality Criteria Document for PM was initiated to meet statutory
requirements for periodic review of criteria for the PM NAAQS.
Pollutants from Motor Vehicles
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,646,700 and 23.8 workyears for 1996, a
decrease of $1,535,600 and 2.9 workyears. The request of $3,646,700 will be for
the Research and Development appropriation. The Program and Research Operations
appropriation funding related to workyears can be found under the Air Quality
Research Infrastructure Issue.
Emissions from mobile sources cause approximately 90% of the carbon monoxide
non-attainment problem and also cause about 50% of the ozone non-attainment
problem, nitrogen oxides air levels, and air toxics cancer impact. Because of
these problems, the Clean Air Act (CAA) has either mandated or provided
incentives for switching to reformulated gasolines and alternative fuels. ORD
research on mobile sources aims to provide some of the needed information on
emissions from mobile sources and resulting health risk under the rapidly
changing dynamics of fuel compositions and vehicular technologies, with
particular emphasis on alternative fuels and reformulated gasolines. ORD also
provides scientific expertise to the Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) in
development of and implementation of mobile source regulations and policies.
It is essential to understand the impact of the fuel switches so that optimal
choices can be made. For example, there are many choices of oxygenates, but we
need to know which are best for the public health. The research addresses these
issues and is required by Section 104(c) of the Clean Air Act. In addition, the
CAA requires dozens of regulatory actions, all of which depend on consultation
with ORD to enhance the science bases of the action. Current examples include
conducting research on Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE).
A major portion of this research is conducted through support for the Health
Effects Institute (HEI). HEI will continue to conduct research on the health
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effects of mobile source pollutants, using matching funds from the auto industry.
The remaining component of the program carried out by ORD will narrow its focus
to characterizing vehicular emissions in support of risk assessments, health
effects research to support risk assessments for fuel and fuel additives,
preparation of risk assessments (e.g., for methanol, MTBE, TAME, etc. depending
on national fuel program needs), and providing expert consultation to mobile
source policy makers.
Explanation of Change -2.9 FTE -$1,535.6K (R&D)
Due to the need to fund other Agency priorities, a reduction of $1,535,600 is
being made to the Motor Vehicles Pollutants Research Program. The reduced
funding level will continue major support for HEI but will necessitate
substantial narrowing of the ORD portion of the program (as noted above) to focus
mainly on a-few selected risk assessments and limited emissions characterization
and health effects work in support of the risk assessment efforts. All other
emissions and exposure research must be eliminated, resulting in termination of
work to provide important inputs for risk assessments on fuels/fuel additives.
Also, ongoing work to characterize exposures in microenvironments will be
terminated, and evaluation/validation of the biologically-based dose-response
model for low doses of methanol in humans cannot be carried out as previously
planned. In addition, reductions in health effects research will significantly
limit work aimed at understanding how fuel and fuel additives may impact sub-
population particularly the youngest age groups. Termination of the exposure
component and reductions in the health effects component of the program will also
eliminate or reduce the expertise needed to address future rapid response needs
in those areas, such as for MTBE in 1994. In addition, funding is being
discontinued for a Congressionally directed project funded in 1995.
1995 Program
ORD is continuing research on characterizing vehicular emissions, supporting
risk assessments, and providing expert consultation to mobile source policy
makers. Researchers are completing studies and initiating, new projects that
examine additional fuels and/or operating conditions.
Scientists and engineers are conducting research on emissions
characterization, primarily on reformulated gasoline, but also on alternative
fuels and oxygenated gasolines. They are completing a laboratory study
identifying the impacts of cold temperatures on the ability of some new fuels to
reduce carbon monoxide and air toxics, thus providing more realistic emissions
data. Companion work is being conducted in the field to evaluate emissions
measurement methods and provide more "real-world" data to improve emissions
models. Researchers are developing additional methods to characterize lower
emissions from advanced technology vehicles. ORD is completing one of the major
phases of the cooperative study with DOE, mandated by the Clean Air Act, on the
characterization and ozone-forming ability of emissions from the U.S. Government
alternative fuel vehicle fleet.
ORD is also conducting research on development/evaluation of exposure models
based upon monitoring studies completed in 1994, that are essential for risk
characterization because health risks are dependent on whether exposure
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concentrations/durations are sufficient to cause effects. Key features include
modeling human exposures in urban street microenvironments and, more broadly,
advancing a national exposure model.
In the health effects area, researchers are nearing completion of a study of
the developmental effects of methanol and are obtaining data from animal models
(mouse, monkey) on absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of
methanol, so as to provide inputs to development of a biologically-based dose-
response model critical for predicting potential risk for exposed humans to have
developmental effects. Researchers are also working to identify and characterize
a potentially extra-susceptible subpopulation. Health assessment work is
centering on reevaluation of the cancer and reproductive/developmental toxicity
of benzene for presentation in an external peer-review draft assessment. The
external review draft of the health risks of diesel emissions will be reviewed
by the public and the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC). A health
risk perspective on fuel oxygenates (including MTBE) is being completed. In
addition, approximately half of 1995 funding will support health effects research
conducted by the Health Effects Institute (HEI) on a variety of mobile sources-
related problems, including work on effects of ozone (which is secondarily formed
in.the ambient air, in part, from motor vehicle NOX and VOC emissions).
Congressional Directives. A total of $800,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project for oxygenated fuel research in the Arctic region, of which
$16,000 is for the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program in the
Multimedia program element in the Innovative Technologies research issue.
1994 Accomplishments
Significant advances were made in characterizing emissions from vehicles
operated in the laboratory and real world, the latter being important to
/developing more realistic emissions models that include high emitting
vehicles. The focus was on oxygenated fuels (both oxygenated gasoline and
reformulated gasoline), which are required to reduce carbon monoxide and
ozone, and the impact of operating conditions. For example, one of the major
products was an article on ozone precursor emissions from alternatively fueled
vehicles.
Human exposure studies attained two major goals. One was to evaluate human
exposure to gasoline emissions in important microenvironments (e.g., during
commuting). Another was to establish the foundation to develop (in 1995)
methanol exposure data in key microenvironments. Key parts of the
investigation on the developmental toxicity of methanol in animals were
completed. For example, the specific times of fetal development that are
sensitive to methanol were identified. Work progressed on improving the
ability to extrapolate these (and other) animal studies of methanol to humans.
The Health Effects Institute completed major studies on the health effects of
ozone and diesel, both of which are being used in health assessments of these
pollutants.
The health assessment effort included beginning the reevaluation of the
cancer and developmental risks of benzene and butadiene. Most of the effort
was devoted to developing an advanced risk characterization of MTBE and MMT.
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The MTBE assessment was the culmination of an intense rapid-response research
program, primarily supported by EPA and industry and provided important
information to policy makers for the "MTBE season"„ The MMT risk
characterization served as the scientific basis for the Administrator's waiver
decision on this fuel additive. ORD scientists provided expert consultation to
the Office of Mobile Sources throughout the year. The most prominent advisory
activities were for finalizing the fuel and fuel additive test rule, MMT, and
MTBE.
Indoor Air Pollutants
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,238,400 and 37.2 workyears for 1996,
decreases of $1,535,400 and 2.3 workyears. The request of $5,238,400 will be for
the Research and Development appropriation. The Program and Research Operations
appropriation funding related to workyears can be found under the Air Quality
Research Infrastructure Issue.
Indoor air pollution in residences, offices, schools, and other large
buildings is widely recognized as one of the most serious potential environmental
risks to human health. The Science Advisory Board ranked indoor air pollution
as one of the highest health risks meriting EPA attention. While there is
considerable information about some indoor pollutants, scientists know little
about the relative magnitudes of the potential risks associated with different
indoor environments and exposure scenarios. Research is needed to further
identify, characterize, and compare the health risks associated with exposures
to indoor air pollutants so that risk managers can make informed decisions to
protect the public health.
The Indoor Air research program, authorized under Title IV of the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act, contributes to achieving safe indoor
environments in three ways: improving scientific understanding of indoor air
pollution health risks and the effectiveness of risk reduction strategies;
providing critical scientific information to EPA program offices and regions in
support of developing, implementing, and evaluating risk management options; and
promoting private sector involvement in identifying, understanding, and
addressing important indoor air pollution problems.
The 1996 ORD indoor air research program is divided into four major research
areas: (1) source characterization; (2) exposure assessment; (3) health
effects; and (4) solutions (control techniques).
In the area of source characterization, ORD research will include conducting
chamber studies of emissions from indoor pollutant sources, emphasizing wet
(e.g., paint) and aerosol sources. This research will contribute to developing
voluntary industry consensus standards for evaluating emissions from these indoor
pollutant sources. In the area of exposure assessment, ORD will perform
intervention studies in large buildings to identify and optimize the critical
parameters influencing occupant health and comfort, e.g., determine a minimum
acceptable ventilation rate. In addition, the study of indoor air quality in
large buildings will be continued, obtaining longitudinal data on indoor
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pollutant levels and occupant perceptions of health and comfort. This research,
to be performed in non-problem buildings, is coordinated with research in
problem buildings being performed by the National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH), so that comparisons between problem and non-problem
buildings can be made.
In the area of health effects, ORD research will continue conducting
laboratory and clinical studies to study neurotoxic, sensory irritant, pulmonary,
and other health effects associated with indoor exposures to organic vapors.
Also, ORD will conduct controlled clinical studies of house dust mite and other
allergens and their effects on symptoms in allergic, asthmatic, and normal
children. These two pollutant classes - organic vapors and biological
contaminants - are primary suspected causes of indoor air health effects. In the
area of solutions research, ORD will continue to evaluate the effectiveness of
different indoor air quality (IAQ) control strategies. This research will
include working with industry to evaluate duct cleaning technologies and
contributing to the development of voluntary industry consensus standards for
both particulate and gaseous filters.
ORD will continue to collaborate with scientists and engineers from the
Peoples Republic of China (PRC) in the conduct of epidemiological, air
monitoring, and biomarker studies to assess human exposure and health effects of
indoor coal combustion. This project provides an opportunity to apply and
validate biomarkers in a human population with both high exposure to
environmental carcinogens and high lung cancer rates.
Explanation of Change -2.3 FTE -$1,535.6K (R&D)
The total change is composed of a reduction of $1,694,400 for Indoor Air
research and the shift of resources ($159,000) for a related research program
(studies to assess human exposure and health effects of indoor coal combustion
in Chinese cities) from the Multimedia Research Program Element to simplify and
consolidate the Indoor Air Pollutants Research program within a single program
element.
Due to the need to fund other Agency priorities, support for indoor air
research will be reduced including elimination tff all research devoted to: (1)
radon mitigation; (2) monitoring and analytical methods development, including
standardized methods for biological pollutants; (3) building investigation
protocols; and (4) bioresponse test methods for evaluating indoor pollutant
emissions. In addition, research will be delayed in the following areas: source
characterization of wet and aerosol indoor pollutant sources, biocontaminant
health effects, and indoor air control techniques.
1995 Program
ORD's 1995 Indoor Air research program is continuing to emphasize research on
indoor pollutant sources, exposures, and health effects and on solutions (control
techniques) to reduce the health risks associated with indoor air pollution.
Researchers are focusing on developing standardized techniques to characterize
the emissions from indoor pollutant sources and the environmental factors that
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affect these emissions. They are also field testing and refining monitoring
protocols for assessing indoor air quality in large buildings. In addition, they
are conducting studies to reduce the uncertainties surrounding the relationships
among indoor air quality, human exposures, and large building design and
operation. In the health effects area, researchers are focusing on indoor
exposure to organic vapors, including both acute and chronic effects. Finally,
scientists are continuing to emphasize source control/pollution prevention,
effective energy-efficient ventilation approaches, and air cleaning techniques
to prevent and mitigate indoor pollution risks.
Congressional Directives. A total of $600,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project for indoor air research, of which $12,000 is for the Small
Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program in the Multimedia program element in
the Innovative Technologies research issue. This work is aimed at studying
indoor air quality in large buildings.
1994 Accomplishments
During 1994, in the area of indoor air source characterization, ORD
researchers: (1) developed and validated a gas-phase mass transfer model for
predicting organic vapor emissions from indoor pollutant sources; (2) developed
low-pollutant impact alternative construction materials for plywood and
particleboard using waste textile products; (3) evaluated factors affecting
fungal growth on five different duct liners, concluding that dust accumulation
and moisture availability are the two most important factors; and (4) contributed
to the development of guidelines for the use of ozone as a biocide. In the area
of exposure assessment, researchers worked with other Federal agencies to study
IAQ in large buildings, including the development of both a standardized protocol
for building investigations and a common database for building data to enable
analysis of interagency efforts.
In the area of indoor air health research, ORD researchers completed animal
studies research devoted to studying neurotoxic effects associated with carpet
emissions and held an open scientific meeting on this topic. In addition,
researchers concluded that asthmatic responses to house dust mites are
exacerbated by ozone exposures. In the area of solutions'research, ORD: (1)
completed development of an improved testing protocol for evaluating particulate
air filters; (2) completed guidance manuals for radon mitigation in existing
detached houses and construction of radon-resistant schools and other large
buildings; and (3) provided support to the State of Florida in its efforts to
develop radon-resistant construction codes.
In addition, during 1994, special effort was devoted to providing scientific
information to EPA program offices and regions in support of their development,
implementation, and evaluation of risk management options, and promoting private
sector involvement in identifying, understanding, and addressing important indoor
air pollution problems.
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Infrastructure
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $29,081,300 and 104.6 total workyears for 1996,
an increase of $2,277,500 and 3.5 workyears from 1995. The request of
$29,081,300 will be for the Program and Research Operations appropriation.
Adequately funded infrastructure is critical to ORD's success in conducting
the quality science needed to assure that the Agency's decisions are
scientifically sound. The most critical part of ORD's infrastructure is its
staff. The assumption underlying all our research activities includes a
productive workforce. Adequate funding enhances research, making it
easier to attract and retain needed scientists and engineers, effecting the
Agency's science and technology base.
This cohesive, cross-cutting program has been centralized within the
infrastructure issue to provide improved management in ORD's salaries, travel,
and related costs associated with managing and implementing research programs.
Workyears in this issue perform the following activities; science policy and
program development; technical evaluation, review, and guidance to EPA
program/regional offices, Federal/State Agencies, and foreign governments;
research quality assurance and program review; extramural resource management;
technology transfer of scientific information; ADP technical program development
of environmental data systems; regulatory mission support; facilities maintenance
and oversight; health and safety, and environmental compliance; research planning
and program development; operational research oversight; policy and procedure
development; program planning and operations; resource planning and review;
document production; and secretarial/clerical support and personnel staffs.
Explanation of Change +3.5 FTE +$2,277.5K (PRO)
Increased levels of workyear resources reflect cost-of-living adjustments
(COLAs) and Locality Pay adjustments necessary to fund ORD's streamlined
workforce.
Increased workyears represent a realignment of intramural efforts in support
of operational research activities.
1995 Program
ORD's current infrastructure program provides compensation and benefits, and
travel for ORD scientists, engineers, management and technical support personnel.
ORD's workforce carries out scientific research programs in support of the
Agency's mission.
1994 Accomplishments
ORD funded its workyears in scientific support of the Agency's mission,
providing the personnel compensation and benefits, and travel for ORD scientists,
engineers, management and technical support personnel.
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AIR
ACID DEPOSITION RESEARCH
Budget Request
1996 Program Request
The Agency is not requesting any funds for this Program Element for 1996, a
decrease of $2,064,300 and a decrease of 7.3 workyears. This represents a
decrease of $586,800 in the Program and Research Operations appropriation and a
decrease of $1,477,500 in the Research and Development appropriation.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $2,064,300 and 7.3 total workyears for
this program element, of which $586,800 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation, $1,477,500 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $10,089,500 and 13.2 total workyears for this
program element, of which $937,800 was from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, $8,471,700 was from the Research and Development appropriation,
and $680,000 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
Research Issues
The sections below describe research program issues by each fiscal year:
Acid Deposition
1996 Program Request
No resources are being requested for this research issue.
Explanation of Change -1.5 FTE -$1,477.5K (R&D)
Due to the need to fund other Agency research priorities, funding in this
program element to provide data and other support for the National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) is being eliminated which will not
affect acid deposition monitoring and assessment monitoring work. These
resources were shifted to the Ecosystems Protection issue in the Multimedia
program element in 1995. The reduction will eliminate two types of support for
NAPAP:
Extramural resources to support the operation of the NAPAP Office of the
Director; and
Focused modeling and data gathering activities to support NAPAP assessment
activities. This includes targeted monitoring of sites where additional
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deposition data is desirable, and the development of watershed nitrogen
deposition models.
In addition, funding for a Congressionally directed project supported in 1995
is discontinued.
1995 Program
Acid deposition damages lakes and streams, harms forests, contributes to
corrosion of materials, reduces visibility, and is suspected of damaging human
health. The Clean Air Act (CAA) , as amended in 1990, established an acid
deposition emissions control program which requires reductions in emissions of
the acid deposition precursors sulfur dioxide (S02) and nitrogen oxide (NOX) to
prevent further environmental damage while restoring already damaged areas. The
primary focus of the acid deposition research program has shifted away from a
general analysis of the causes and effects of acid deposition to research in
support of the emissions control programs mandated under the CAA.
Researchers are assisting in implementing the control program through
continued monitoring and assessment of acid deposition, thereby providing
essential scientific information to evaluate the effectiveness of the emission
controls. However, the basic monitoring work is now being carried out under EMAP
program as part of the integrated Ecosystems Protection Research Issue. Within
EMAP, EPA is also continuing to evaluate the impact of acid deposition on
sensitive and critical ecosystems. Information available from the acid
deposition monitoring networks in EMAP will be used to evaluate the effectiveness
of the acid rain control program established under the Clean Air Act Amendments
(CAAA) of 1990.
EPA is continuing to provide data and other support for NAPAP. This consists
.of providing extramural resources to support the operation of the NAPAP Office
of the Director; and focused modeling and data gathering activities to support
NAPAP assessment activities.
Congressional Directives: A total of $450,000 is for the Congressional
directed project Adirondacks Destruction Assessment Program, of which $9,000 is
for the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program in the Multimedia
program element in the Innovative Technologies research issue.
1994 Accomplishments
ORD produced a Clean Air Act Exposure and Effects Assessment as required by
the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act. This prototype assessment serves three
purposes: to present current status and trends in emissions, air quality and
deposition; to present an approach for visualization of the concepts of exposure
assessment; and to define a basis for preparing future integrated assessment
reports. The document represents the coordinated efforts of several of the labs
within ORD and contributions from a number of other Federal agencies.
The CASTNET Deposition Network continued to provide dry and wet deposition
data to support ORD research, program office regulatory efforts, EPA Regional
programs, and interagency research and monitoring programs. An agreement has
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been reached with the National Park Service to share the responsibilities for dry
deposition monitoring at 17 National Parks in the West. Seven sites have been
installed, with plans for the remainder to go on-line in 1995 and later years.
To understand enhanced deposition from clouds in the Appalachian Mountains, and
the contribution of atmospheric deposition to total nitrogen loadings in
estuaries, sites have been installed in the Great Smokey Mountain National Park
and near Beaufort, N.C.
The CASTNET Visibility Network established nine sites using the latest in
monitoring technology for fine particle aerosol composition and light scattering
and absorption due to particles. The network provides baseline data on regional
fine particles and visibility. These data provide a basis against which future
data collected at these sites can be compared to assess the changes in visibility
and acid aerosols due to the implementation of the emission reductions.
EPA and NOAA initiated a research effort to evaluate the inferential dry
deposition model used by the CASTNET Deposition Network to calculate dry
deposition flux. The project involves the direct measurement of dry deposition
and subsequent comparison with the deposition model at a number of network sites.
The mobile direct measurement system designed by EPA/NOAA was deployed at two
sites in 1994. The data is being reviewed and plans for comparisons at three
additional sites in 1995 are being completed.
Infrastructure
1996 Program Request
No resources are being requested for this research issue.
Explanation of Change -5.8 FTE -$586.8K (PRO)
Decreased levels of workyear resources reflect the transfer of all resources
to other priority research activities.
1995 Program
ORD's current infrastructure program provides compensation and benefits, and
travel for ORD scientists, engineers, management and technical support personnel.
ORD's workforce carries out scientific research programs in support of the
Agency's mission.
1994 Accomplishments
ORD funded its workyears in scientific support of the Agency's mission,
providing the personnel compensation and benefits, and travel for ORD scientists,
engineers, management and technical support personnel.
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AIR
GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH
Budget Request
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $22,468,500 and 68.7 total workyears for 1996,
a decrease of $913,700 and a decrease of 7.9 total workyears from 1995. Of the
request, $5,118,600 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and $17,349,900 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $32,600 in the Program and Research
Operations appropriation, a decrease of $489,100 in the Research and Development
appropriation, and a decrease of $392,000 in the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $23,382,200 and 76.6 total workyears for
this program element, of which $5,151,200 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation, $17,839,000 is from the Research and Development
appropriation, and $392,000 is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $30,551,200 and 64.3 total workyears for this
program element", of which $4,804,600 was from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $25,746,600 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Research Issues
The Agency's Global Change Research Program supports the comprehensive United
States Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) developed by the interagency
Committee on Environment and Natural Resources (CENR). The program provides the
scientific basis to assess, evaluate, and predict the ecological, environmental,
and human-health consequences of global change, including the feedback these
systems have on climate change. It includes two components which are discussed
in detail below, the climate change research issue and the stratospheric ozone
depletion research issue.
The sections below describe research program issues by each fiscal year.
Global Climate
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,224,500 and 47.0 workyears for 1996,- a
decrease of $1,338,000 and 7.9 workyears. The request of $15,224,500 will be for
the Research and Development appropriation. The Program and Research Operations
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appropriation funding related to workyears can be found under the Global Change
Research Infrastructure Issue.
Human activities have caused recent dramatic changes in the Earth system,
including the increase in atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and other
greenhouse gases. Research is needed to improve our understanding of global
climate change because of the serious potential risks of global change to human
health and the environment. EPA is working with other federal agencies under the
United States Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) to reduce or resolve the
significant scientific uncertainties regarding the timing, rate, and impact of
global climate change and to develop cost effective mitigation and adaption
options.
The EPA Global Climate Research Program supports research to detect and
quantify change, such as deforestation, and to understand how that change effects
the greenhouse gas flux. This information will be used by policy makers for
stabilization of greenhouse gas emissions. Understanding ecosystems
vulnerabilities to climate change and the processes that control them is
necessary for the development and implementation of mitigation and adaptation
policies to protect the systems at risk. Policy makers also need predictive
information that are the output of earth systems models in order to understand
the magnitude of the climate problem and to formulate rational policies.
The EPA program has been developed under the auspices of the National Science
and Technology Council's Committee on the Environment and Natural Resources
(CENR), Global Change Research Subcommittee. The program is designed to be
responsive to the Administration priorities as identified through specific
guidance from the CENR.
There are three major components in the Global Climate Research Program:
Regional Vulnerabilities and Impact Assessment, Developing Predictive Models, and
Terrestrial Carbon Flux Tracking. These programs will decrease the uncertainties
associated with the vulnerability of ecosystems to climate change, models for
predicting global climate change, and the factors controlling the fluxes of
greenhouse gases. The EPA program will be focused primarily on ground-based
observations and measurements, although there will be some activities associated
with remote-sensing.
In 1996 EPA will emphasize the implementation of the Regional Vulnerabilities
and Impact Assessment (REVEAL) program. REVEAL is a new program being initiated
in 1995 in response to the CENR identifying the need for comprehensive research
on ecosystem vulnerabilities as one of the highest priorities for the Global
Change Research Program. REVEAL has three focus areas: 1) research aimed at
understanding the factors controlling sensitivity/vulnerability of ecosystems to
climate change; 2) sensitivity analysis of ecosystem-based models developed by
the research; and 3) an integrated assessment which provides the linkages of
ecological assessment with other physical/natural social and economic systems.
The southeastern United States, such as Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, will be
the focus of the first comprehensive integrated assessment, although additional
placed-based research on vulnerabilities from climate change will be implemented
in other regions, as well. In addition, some smaller scale place-based
vulnerabilities studies will be implemented.
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Under the Developing Predictive Models component of the program, researchers
will support the development of both diagnostic and prognostic Earth Systems
Models (ESM) that incorporate coupled atmospheric, oceanic, and biospheric
components. Researchers will be asked to address how the reliability of global
and regional-scale climate predictions and predictions of their biospheric
effects can be improved and, in particular, how dynamic coupling of the earth's
physical climate system with its ecological and biogeochemical systems can
increase the confidence in climate change predictions. Researchers will also
develop integrated assessment modeling tools, including a regional model of the
Columbia River Basin (Washington, Oregon and Idaho). The Columbia modeling work
will be aimed at predicting the effects of global change on this large river
basin.
The third component of the research program is development and implementation
of a Terrestrial Carbon Flux Tracking System, which is also one of the high
priorities of the CENR Research Strategy for Global Change. EPA and NASA will
work together to design and implement such an observing/monitoring system. This
program will produce periodic global and country level estimates of the major
sources (forest clearing, fires) and sinks (forest recovery, regrowth) of
greenhouse gases from landcover/land use change with the focus on carbon
compounds. The major components of this program will include remote sensing
observations, ground observations and measurements, coupling of observations and
process studies through models to make assessments, and data management.
Explanation of Change -7.9 FTE -$1,338.OK (R&D)
The resource reductions are required due to the need to fund other Agency
priorities. The disinvestment will result in about a 10% reduction to the Global
Climate Change research program and affect the following:
The REVEAL program is aimed at assessing regional ecological vulnerabilities •
and impacts under different global climate change scenarios and developing
mitigation/adaptation strategies to protect, maintain, or restore these
resources. However, under the reduced budget, EPA will only be able to carry out
one of the planned four high priority comprehensive integrated regional
assessments. However, some smaller scale place-based vulnerabilities studies
will be implemented.
The disinvestment will also eliminate support for one component of the
Terrestrial Carbon Flux Tracking system, the North American Landscape
Characterization Program (NALC). While NALC will be able to provide
georeferenced and coregistered Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data and Landsat MSS
imagery for the 1970's, 1980's, and 1990's for the conterminous United States
only; the parallel planned activities for Mexico, Central America, and Caribbean
will be eliminated.
The Atmospheric Chemistry program has also been eliminated. This means that
ongoing projects such as developing a regional/global decision support system for
tropospheric air quality, developing a global chemical model of the troposphere,
and taking flux measurements of selected natural carbon species will be
terminated.
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1995 Program
EPA is continuing research to help establish the scientific basis for national
and international policy making related to natural and human-induced changes in
the global Earth system. Elements of the research program include support for
1) a program of studies to improve understanding of the physical, chemical, and
biological processes that influence Earth system processes and trends on global
and regional scales, such as biogeochemical cycling and biomass burning; 2) the
development of integrated conceptual and predictive Earth system models; and 3),
the development of a research and assessment program on regional ecological
vulnerabilities and impacts (REVEAL).
Researchers are developing plans for the implementation of the REVEAL program
through a series of regional workshops in 1995. The southeast was selected as
a high priority region because of the variety of potential impacts from climate
change. For example, in the southeast climatic effects on sea level rise,
frequency of hurricanes, hydrology of the Everglades, timber and agriculture
production are of concern. The first three workshops in the southeast will
address the ecological vulnerabilities from climate change, the concerns of
constituencies, and the approach to performing an integrated assessment.
EPA's research agenda on ecological vulnerabilities will also be furthered
through the development of regional hydrologic models. Understanding regional
vulnerability to climate change is critically dependent on understanding how
projected wide-spread climate change affects the hydrologic watershed. This work
is aimed at developing improved methodologies to identify and quantify physical
and economic regional vulnerabilities to competing hydrologic demands under
current climate patterns and under projected climate change scenarios.
Researchers are also conducting assessments that document the state of
scientific knowledge and uncertainties, and the implications of global change for
the natural and human environment to support national and international policy
making activities over a broad spectrum of global and regional environmental
issues.
1994 Accomplishments
EPA carried out global climate research to provide the scientific basis to
assess, evaluate, and predict the ecological and environmental consequences of
global change. In the area of ecosystem vulnerabilities, researchers produced
an assessment of the effects of climate change on freshwater ecosystems with
particular emphasis on the sport and commercial fisheries of North America. This
information can be used to predict fisheries distribution under changing climate.
Within the Terrestrial Carbon-Flux Tracking research area, researchers have
produced a number of reports on carbon sequestration and emissions. These
include:
* Publication of the report "Assessment of Alternative Management Practices
and Policies Affecting Soil Carbon in Agroecosystems of the Central United
States." This information can be used to evaluate the degree to which
agroecosystems can be technically managed, on a sustainable basis, to
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conserve and sequester carbon, thereby reducing the accumulation of carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere.
* Publication of estimates of U.S. and global methane emissions from
landfills and other waste management facilities. This information will
help define the major anthropogenic methane sources most amenable to
mitigation and economically/technically suitable for utilization in energy
recovery.
* Publication of a fire distribution map, as well as burn area and emissions
estimates, for the Boreal Region using AVHRR imagery. This information will
further decrease the uncertainties in the carbon budget associated with
emission contributions from biomass burning.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,125,400 and 3.3 workyears for 1996, an
increase of $848,900 for the Research and Development appropriation, a decrease
of $392,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and no change
in workyears. The request of $2,125,400 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. The Program and Research Operations appropriation funding related
to workyears can be found under the Global Change Research Infrastructure Issue.
Over the last ten years, the protective capacity of the Earth's stratospheric
ozone layer has been diminished due to synthetic compounds, including
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), which migrate
to the stratosphere" and destroy the ozone layer. Depletion of the stratospheric
ozone layer has increased the amount of ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation which
•'reaches the Earth's surface. EPA's stratospheric ozone research program is
designed to quantify the UV-B increases and understand the responses of humans
to these larger UV-B doses, as well as the effects on sensitive terrestrial and
marine ecosystems. The research supports the periodic effects assessments
required by the Montreal Protocol and provides the data to the program office
that explain the implications of ozone depletion. The research also directly
supports the implementation of requirements in both the Montreal Protocol and
Title VI of the Clean Air Act (CAA) to phase-out consumption and use of ozone
depleting substances (ODS) in prescribed time frames. Thus, working in
cooperation with industry, EPA also provides the scientific and engineering data
needed to replace ozone depleting substances (ODS) with more environmentally
acceptable alternatives.
EPA will carry out a research program in 1996 which will include studies and
experiments to quantify the human health effects associated with elevated levels
of UV-B radiation, a UV monitoring network, and studies to evaluate alternatives
for ozone-depleting substances. The monitoring and effects research supports
periodic international effects assessments required under the Montreal Protocol
and provides EPA policy makers with high-quality scientific data which can be
used to inform the public about the levels of UV-B they are exposed to and the
risks this poses to their health. The research on alternatives for ozone-
depleting substances meets the needs of the United States and the international
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community to ensure environmentally acceptable substitutes are available for all
end-use applications in time for end-users to meet U.S. and international phase-
out deadlines.
The health effects research will include studies and experiments to assess the
impact of ultraviolet radiation on the human immune system. Using a variety of
experimental techniques, EPA will determine whether the impacts on the immune
system are local or systemic, evaluating the capability of sunscreens and vitamin
A to protect against suppression of immune response, and determining how UV
exposure is impacting the capability of the human immune system to suppress
infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and leprosy. These are first-of-a-kind
studies which will define the magnitude of impacts on the immune system and what
can be done to prevent immune system dysfunction.
EPA will carry out monitoring research which will provide field measurements
of UV radiation levels and support the operation of a UV exposure index. EPA
will operate a five-site UV monitoring network. The monitoring data will be used
to assist ecological and health scientists develop risk estimates and provide
data to verify predictions of UV exposure which will be issued daily by the
National Weather Service using a UV-exposure index developed by EPA. This
network will provide the first comprehensive long-term data on UV levels in U.S
urban areas and also provide data needed to inform the public about UV exposure
risks.
EPA will also develop data on the chemical and physical properties of
replacement compounds and evaluate their applicability for specific uses.
Although alternatives exist for most CFCs, many of the alternatives selected are
HCFCs which will also be phased out early in the next century. Therefore, EPA
will conduct work to identify promising compounds which could be used by industry
as replacements. Research on these chemicals is important to U.S. efforts to
completely eliminate use of ozone-depleting compounds. Using a variety of
experiments and studies, researchers will generate property data including
flammability, toxicity, oil miscibility, and atmospheric lifetime for a select
group of the most promising alternatives. The performance of these compounds in
specific refrigeration systems will be evaluated identify long-term
environmentally-friendly (i.e, does not cause other pollution problems - global
warming) replacements for commercial chillers, heat pumps, and supermarket (low
temperature) refrigeration systems. These studies will catalyze industry to
adopt these environmentally-friendly solutions.
Explanation of Change +$848.9K (R&D) -$392.OK (AC&C)
All of the mitigation activities of the Stratospheric Ozone Depletion research
program and accompanying resources which were previously fxinded under the Air
Quality Research Program Element have been shifted into the Global Change
Research Program Element to simplify and consolidate the Stratospheric Ozone
Depletion Research program within a single program element. After taking account
of this shift of $879,200 into the Global Change Research Program Element, there
is a net reduction of $30,300 in the total Stratospheric Ozone Depletion research
program funded from the Research and Development appropriation. In addition,
there is a reduction of $392,000 from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
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appropriation (AC&C). The reduction in AC&C funds is related to discontinued
funding of a Congressionally directed project supported in 1995.
1995 Program
EPA is: 1) operating a five-site ground-based UV-B monitoring network to
provide data on UV-B radiation levels exposure; 2) working cooperatively with the
National Weather Service (NWS) to produce daily predictions of UV exposure; and
3) investigating the effects of increased UV-B on human health.
EPA's research program on the environmental effects of ozone depletion is
focused on collecting ground based UV-B data and defining the adverse human
health effects associated with increased UV-B exposures. Scientists are
establishing a five-site monitoring network. Both urban and rural (background)
sites will be included in the EPA network. EPA will use the data collected to
support EPA human health and aquatic effects risk assessments and to provide
information on the impact of elevated levels of UV-B radiation on urban air
pollution. In addition to the monitoring network, EPA is providing the funding
necessary for the NWS to produce daily estimates of exposure to UV radiation.
These estimates are included in daily weather forecasts in 58 cities across the
country. Efforts are also underway to further investigate how clouds influence
UV levels including research to relate types of clouds to UV transmission. These
data will eventually be included to improve the national Ultraviolet Radiation
Exposure Index model.
In the human health effects component of the program, researchers are focusing
on how UV-B radiation affects the immune system. They are completing work to
define the basic mechanisms which cause UV-B to induce adverse effects.
Researchers are' determining how UV-B exposure impacts human susceptibility to
infectious diseases (viral, bacterial, fungal etc.). In addition, scientists are
examining the impact of skin pigmentation on human sensitivity to
immunosuppressive effects and the degree of protection provided by sunscreen.
Congressional Directives: A total of $400,000 is for a Congressionally
directed demonstration project to control methane through the use of fuel cells
in the waste water treatment process, of which $8,000 is for the Small Business
Innovation Research (SBIR) Program in the Multimedia program element in the
Innovative Technologies research issue.
1994 Accomplishments
EPA's stratospheric ozone research program was very productive in 1994 with
each research area producing significant outputs. In the UV monitoring area, a
National Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Exposure Index was completed which will be
used to warn the public about dangers of excessive exposure to UV radiation in
58 cities across the U.S. In July 1994, the National Weather Service (NWS) began
providing the predicted UV radiation values (scale of 1 to 12) to weather
forecasters in these cities who include them as part of the daily weather
outlook. In addition to the Index, the operational monitoring UV monitoring
network expanded to four sites (Research Triangle Park, Atlanta, Boston, and
Washington D.C.), a government-wide plan for the U.S. UV monitoring network was
completed, and research was initiated on personal UV exposure dosimeters.
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The UV health effects program completed studies which established the
plausibility that elevated levels of UV radiation can suppress local immune
function in humans. In addition, EPA determined that elevated levels of UV-B
increase susceptibility to some bacterial parasitic, fungal, and viral microbes.
A report entitled "Effects of UV-Radiation on the Immune Systems" was prepared
for the World Health Organization summarizing the results of EPA's UV immune
suppression research. The UV aquatic effects research program developed several
models to predict the penetration of UV radiation into marine waters and software
which can be used to predict UV radiation effects on phytoplankton by using
various action spectra. The aquatics research also determined that elevated
levels of UV radiation have the potential to reduce production of phytoplankton
under nutrient replete conditions.
Infrastructure
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,118,600 and 18.4 total workyears for 1996,
a decrease of $32,600 and no workyears from 1995. The request of $5,118,600 will
be for the Program and Research Operations appropriation.
Adequately funded infrastructure is critical to ORD's success in conducting
the quality science needed to assure that the Agency's decisions are
scientifically sound. The most critical part of ORD's infrastructure is its
staff. The assumption underlying all our research activities includes a
productive workforce.
This cohesive, cross-cutting program has been centralized within the
infrastructure issue to provide improved management in ORD's salaries, travel,
and related costs associated with managing and implementing research programs.
Workyears in this issue perform the following activities; science policy and
program development; technical evaluation, review, and guidance to EPA
program/regional offices, Federal/state Agencies, and foreign governments;
research quality assurance and program review; extramural resource management;
technology transfer of scientific information; ADP technical program development
of environmental data systems; regulatory mission support; facilities maintenance
and oversight; health and safety, and environmental compliance; research planning
and program development; operational research oversight; policy and procedure
development; program planning and operations; resource planning and review;
document production; and secretarial/clerical support and personnel staffs.
Explanation of Change -$32.6K (PRO)
The 1996 request for Program and Research Operations account funding reflects
the overall reduction of 7.9 workyears programmatically described under the
Global Climate Issue of this program element, but whose payroll is supported
through the Infrastructure Issue.
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1995 Program
ORD's current infrastructure program provides compensation and benefits, and
travel for ORD scientists, engineers, management and technical support personnel.
ORD's workforce carries out scientific research programs in support of the
Agency's mission.
1994 Accomplishments
ORD funded its workyears in scientific support of the Agency's mission,
providing the personnel compensation and benefits, and travel for ORD scientists,
engineers, management and technical support personnel.
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AIR
Air Quality & Stationary Source Planning & Standards
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Emission Standards &
Technology Assessment
Program & Research $9,313.3 $10,498.7 $10,775.0 $10,559.2 $11,572.9 $1,013.7 $1,074.2
Operations
Abatement Control and $16,459.4 $13,908.9 $16,187.5 $10,337.8 $24,686.9 $14,349.1 $10,778.0
Compliance
TOTAL $25,772.7 $24,407.6 $26,962.5 $20,897.0 $36,259.8 $15,362.8 $11,852.2
State Program Policy
Guidelines & Air
Standards Development
Program & Research $7,308.8 $7,757.2 $7,935.9 $7,759.2 $8,273.5 $514.3 $516.3
Operations
Abatement Control and $7,694.2 $8,190.0 $6,380.3 $5,994.9 $7,542.7 $1,547.8 -$647.3
Compliance
TOTAL $15,003.0 $15,947.2 $14,316.2 $13,754.1 $15,816.2' $2,062.1 -$131.0
TOTAL:
Program & Research $16,622.1 $18,255.9 $18,710.9 $18,318.4 $19,846.4 $1,528.0 $1,590.5
Operations
Abatement Control and $24,153.6 $22,098.9 $22,567.8 $16,332.7 $32,229.6 $15,896.9 $10,130.7
Compliance
Air Quality & TOTAL $40,775.7 $40,354.8 $41,278.7 $34,651.1 $52,076.0 $17,424.9 $11,721.2
Stationary Source
Planning & Standards
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Emission Standards & 136.3 152.8 159.8 155.2 158.1 2.9 5.3
Technology Assessment
State Program Policy 108.6 112.8 117.8 114.1 112.7 -1.4 -1
Guidelines & Air
Standards Development
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 244.9 265.6 277.6 269.3 270.8 1.5 5.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Emission Standards & 140.4 152.8 163.6 159.0 161.6 2.6 8.8
Technology Assessment
State Program Policy 110.0 112.8 121.6 117.9 116.2 -1.7 3.4
Guidelines & Air
Standards Development
TOTAL UORKYEARS 250.4 265.6 285.2 276.9 277.8 9 12.2
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AIR
AIR QUALITY & STATIONARY SOURCE PLANNING AND STANDARDS
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $52,076,000 supported by 277.8 total workyears
for 1996, an increase of $17,424,900 and 0.9 total workyears from 1995. Of the
request, $19,846,400 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $32,229,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase in the Program and Research
Operations appropriation of $1,528,000 and an increase of in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation $15,896,900.
Emission Standards and Technology Assessment
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $36,259,800 supported by 161.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $11,572,900 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $24,686,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase from 1995 of $1,013,700
in the Program and Research Operations appropriation for increased workforce
costs, an increase of $14,349,100 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation for Clean Air Act (CAA) activities, and an increase of 2.6 in total
workyears to support CAA activities.
Toxics:
The primary focus of the program continues to be reducing public exposure to
• toxic air pollutants through implementation of the Clean Air Act Amendments of
1990. EPA will give priority to reducing air toxics through development of
Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) and Generally Achievable Control
Technology (GACT) standards. In 1996 the Agency will: 1) propose ten source
categories that will include primary aluminum, Pharmaceuticals production,
mineral wool, wood treatment, and six categories for polymers and resins VI; 2)
promulgate 18 source categories including asbestos, shipbuilding, wood furniture,
pulp and paper, printing and publishing, steel pickling, primary copper, solid
waste transfer, storage, and disposal (TSDF), and nine sources for polymers and
resins I; and 3) work on about 77 source categories in order to meet the seven-
year and 10-year statutory deadlines.
Other activities to implement air toxics include: (1) implementing section
112(1) to provide support to state, local, and tribal agencies that wish to
integrate their programs with the Federal program; (2) promulgating a section
112(g) rule for major sources undergoing construction or modification; and (3)
developing guidance and rulemakings, if necessary, for sources that want to limit
their "potential to emit" in order to avoid certain permitting and control
technology requirements.
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Finally, the Agency will complete the section 112(s) report to Congress
(required every three years) on measures taken by the EPA and the states to
implement the provisions of section 112 of the CAA.
New Source Performance Standards (NSPSs):
EPA will continue development of NSPSs for large sources of nitrogen oxides
and sulfur dioxide NSPSs, two pollutants that adversely affect human health and
the environment. In 1996 the Agency will continue work on one nitrogen oxides
NSPS and two sulfur dioxide NSPSs.
Information Transfer & Technical Assistance:
The Agency will continue to operate the Control Technology Center (CTC) and
the Small Business Technical Assistance (SBTA) program in coordination with the
existing technical assistance centers, but at a reduced level. The Agency will
also reduce resources for other technical assistance and information transfer
activities. The Reasonably Available Control Technology/Best Available Control
Technology/Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (RACT/BACT/LAER) Clearinghouse will
continue to assist users but will initiate no new projects. The Agency will no
longer operate the National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse (NATICH) and
HOTLINE; states, in partnership with industry, will be able to support the
information needs for implementing their toxics programs.
Other Priorities:
Resources will be reduced for revision of control technology guidelines (CTGs)
and alternative control technique (ACT) documents. Development of CTGs for wood
furniture and shipbuilding will be completed in conjunction with the promulgation
of the MACT standards for these sources. The Agency will continue work on the
commercial/consumer products rule, but at a reduced level.
The Agency will increase resources in the "Common Sense Initiative" to change
the way regulations are developed by following an industry-by-industry approach
to environmental policy and rule development. The industries involved will
include auto assembly, electronics and computer, iron and steel, metal plating
and finishing, petroleum refining and printing. This innovative approach will
promote pollution prevention and building strong partnerships.
The Agency will continue to support efforts associated with the Great Waters
program. Further study will continue to address the scientific and technical
issues associated with regulating the deposition of air pollutants into the Great
Waters. The biennial report to Congress on the Great Waters will be published.
Explanation of Change +2.6 FTE +$1,013.7K (PRO) +$14,349.1 K (AC&C)
Toxics:
The Agency will increase resources for four-year MACT standards under court
order and accelerate development of seven-year and 10-year MACT and GACT
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standards to avoid future litigation ($13,500.OK). The increment will focus on
urban "area" sources and electric utility problems. The urban air toxic and
electric utility regulations will address pollution prevention and ecosystem
protection. The Agency also will expand current MACT partnership approaches.
The Agency will reduce Headquarters support for the Early Reduction Program
($220.OK) and shift efforts to state and local agencies and to EPA Regional
offices. The modification provisions (section 112(g)) will be promulgated and
efforts will be redirected to the urban air toxic regulations.
Information Transfer & Technical Assistance:
EPA will eliminate the NATICH and HOTLINE that provide a database to share air
quality, control, and regulation information for air toxics with regulatory
agencies, industry, and the public at large (1.9 FTE). The Agency also will
reduce resources for the CTC, the SETA and RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse that
provide technical support to state arid local agencies, EPA Regional Offices,
private industry, and the general public. The Agency will no longer produce
technical guidance for states covering issues not Federally required ($650.OK).
The Agency will pursue public and private partnerships to continue these
information transfer and technical assistance activities.
Other Priorities:
The Agency will reduce resources for CTGs and ACT documents and remaining
NSPSs for nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, and BACT and reasonable available
control measures (RACM). This may result in states developing state
implementation plans (SIPs) with old CTG/ACTs that do not necessarily reflect
newer technologies. The Agency will reduce funding for commercial/consumer
products by 60 percent. Rule development will proceed at a slower rate. Other
increases in the program element will directed toward implementing the provisions
of the Clean Air Act.
The increase in PRO funding is for increased workforce costs.
1995 PROGRAM
The Agency is allocating a total of $20,897,000 supported by 159.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $10,559,200 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $10,337,800 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Toxics:
In 1995 the primary focus of the program continues to be implementation of
the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, particularly requirements for reducing air
toxics through development of MACT standards for high priority pollutants and
source categories. EPA will focus on promulgating MACT standards for about 18
source categories (four-year standards) and will begin work on about 43 seven-
year source categories, and 18 ten-year source categories. The Agency will
review the MACT regulatory schedule and make adjustments as appropriate.
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The Agency will complete a report to Congress that identifies at least 30
hazardous air pollutants representing the greatest threat to public health in the
largest number of urban areas. This information will allow EPA to better
understand the nature of the air toxics problem in urban areas and to begin
immediately to develop a comprehensive national strategy for addressing these
area sources.
EPA will review and respond to the concerns and recommendations of the
National Academy of Science's Risk Assessment Review study. The Agency also will
focus significant efforts on completing the study of all air toxic emissions from
utilities. The study will include alternative control strategies and
recommendations concerning MACT standards. In addition, the Agency will
summarize in a report to Congress a study of mercury emissions from electric
utility steam generating units, municipal waste combustor (MWC), and other
sources, including area sources. The study will include emissions, health and
environmental effects, control technologies, and costs.
NSPSs:
EPA will promulgate the MWC II and III standards in 1995, as well as
standards for medical waste incinerators and focus on assisting states in
implementing the standards. The Agency also will begin developing standards for
commercial and industrial solid waste incinerators and for consumer products.
In addition, the Agency will promulgate revisions to the NSPS for electric
utilities, as required by section 111 of the Clean Air Act Amendments. The major
focus will be on the nitrogen oxides NSPS. EPA will revise the sulfur dioxide
NSPSs in accordance with the deletion of the percent reduction provisions of
section 111.
Information Transfer & Technical Assistance:
In 1995 EPA will continue to provide support to Regional offices, states, and
local air pollution control agencies in their implementation of programs to
control air toxics, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter
(PM-10) through the operation of four technical centers and clearinghouses. The
Agency will operate a SBTA service in coordination with the existing technical
assistance centers to provide technical guidance on control technology, pollution
prevention, and chemical emergency prevention, and consideration of small
business needs and concerns (e.g., air pollution control regulations that affect
them).
Other Priorities:
In 1995 EPA will continue to support efforts associated with the Great Waters
program. Further study will continue to address the scientific and technical
issues associated with regulating the deposition of air pollutants into the Great
Waters. The Agency will begin work as needed towards regulation of pollutants
that contribute to atmospheric deposition for the Great Waters.
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1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency allocated a total of $25,772,700 supported by 140.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,313,300 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $16,459,400 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1994 the major focus of the program was implementation of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990, particularly requirements for reducing air toxics through
development of MACT standards for high priority pollutants and source categories.
The Agency focused on MACT standards with two-year and four-year deadlines.
EPA proposed regulations for 19 source categories including: aerospace,
chromium electroplating, commercial sterilizers, degrease organic cleaners,
magnetic tape, petroleum refineries, polymers and resins, and secondary lead
smelters. In addition, the EPA proposed rules for marine vessels, medical waste
combustors, starch, SOCMI wastewater, and cold cleaners. The EPA promulgated
regulations for coke ovens, industrial cooling towers, section 112(j) Hammer, and
General Provisions. The Agency completed the Aircraft Engine Test Cell Report
to Congress and the utility boiler operator certification program.
In 1994 the Agency continued: (1) work on about 58 source categories; (2)
development of standards for medical waste incinerators and municipal waste
combustors; (3) work on a study of the emissions of hazardous air pollutants from
electric utilities; (4) efforts to assess the concentrations of air toxics in the
ambient air in urban areas; and (5) efforts to complete a study of VOC emissions
from consumer commercial products.
EPA continued implementation support to state programs through the operation
of four centers and clearinghouses and through the publication of implementation
support and technology transfer documents. In addition, the Agency continued to'
assist states in the development of permit programs and provided compliance and
technical assistance to small businesses that must comply with Clean Air Act
requirements. In 1994 more than 40,000 individuals requested CTC services and
products.
EPA continued work on the Great Waters Program and released the first report
to Congress in May 1994. The report includes recommendations for evaluating
tighter control of persistent, bioaccumulable toxics under section 112; the need
for an integrated multimedia approach to reduce exposure of humans and ecosystems
to Great Waters pollutants of concern; and, continuing research to further
clarify the problem of atmospheric deposition of toxics to aquatic ecosystems.
State Program Guidelines and Air Standards Development
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,816,200 supported by 116.2 total workyears
for this program, of which $8,273,500 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $7,542,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $514,300 in the Program
2-53
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and Research Operations, an increase of $1,547,800 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and a decrease of 1.7 workyears from 1995.
In 1996 EPA will implement requirements in support of national ambient air
quality standards (NAAQS) set to protect public health and the environment. The
Agency also will help ensure that recently approved state operating permits and
fees programs are implemented. In 1996 a number of NAAQS reviews will be in
progress. The sulfur dioxide NAAQS review will be finalized, as will the
nitrogen oxides NAAQS review. The ozone and particulate matter (PM-10) NAAQSs
reviews will continue; an ozone NAAQS will be proposed and the PM-10 NAAQS staff
paper will be issued. The Agency will continue to carry out benefits, health,
and regulatory impact analyses to support programs for Federal rulemaking
activities.
EPA will streamline activities to review and take regulatory action on state
implementation plans (SIPs) and state operating permits programs. The Agency may
need to address Federal implementation plan (FIP) activities and will continue
to address sanctions. The EPA also will continue to assess if ozone or carbon
monoxide marginal and moderate nonattainment areas have attained and take
appropriate action (e.g., "bump up" the area classification, approve attainment
date extension, or process redesignations).
The EPA will provide states with policy, guidance, and assistance for such
activities as developing revised SIPs and determining whether progress
requirements and milestones are being met. The Agency will continue to develop
rules on regional haze. Regional haze and visibility impairment cause adverse
effects in our national parks and forests. The EPA will also promulgate the
Federal operating permits rules, continue to revise the existing rules covering
state operating permits programs, and promulgate the rules to simplify the new
source review (NSR) program. The EPA will change the attainment designations of
areas, as needed, based on new air quality data. The Agency will initiate its
45-day review of state-issued operating permits and implement a Federal operating
permits program if necessary. The EPA will also continue to provide training to
states through classroom courses, self-study courses, videos, and satellite
networks. Outreach to small businesses, which will be implementing new control
technology guidelines or Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards,
will receive specific attention. Support for the Common' Sense Initiative will
focus on ways to ease the regulatory burden on small businesses.
Explanation of Change -1.7 FTE +$514.3K (PRO) +$1,547.8K (AC&C)
Resources are requested to accelerate the revisions to the PM-10 NAAQS. In
1996 we will reprogram resources from the completed sulfur dioxide NAAQS revision
effort to the remaining NAAQS revision efforts, specifically PM-10. As part of
the Administration's streamlining efforts, SIP reviews by headquarters staff will
no longer be performed; the Regions will be empowered with full responsibility
to process the SIPs.
The increase in PRO funding is for increased workforce costs.
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1995 Program
In 1995 the Agency is allocating a total of $13,754,100 supported by 117.9
total workyears for the State Programs Guidelines and Air Standards Development
Program, of which $7,759,200 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $5,994,900 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1995 EPA is focusing on implementing NAAQSs and establishing state
operating permit and fee programs. The EPA will publish a decision to revise or
reaffirm the NAAQS for sulfur dioxide. The Agency will: propose to revise or
reaffirm the nitrogen dioxide standard; continue to expedite the review of the
ozone standard by issuing a draft staff paper; and continue work on the next
round of review of the particulate matter standard. The Agency will carry out
benefits, health, and regulatory impact analyses to support programs for Federal
rulemaking activities.
In 1995 EPA will review and take regulatory action on SIPs and state operating
permits programs. The Agency will continue FIP activities and sanctions, as
necessary. EPA has asked the courts to allow the State of California to complete
its own plan for three areas where the Agency had developed FIPs. The EPA also
will determine whether PM-10 areas have attained by the statutory deadlines and
take appropriate action (e.g., "bump up" the area classification, approve
attainment date extensions).
EPA will provide states with policy guidance and assistance for such
activities as developing revised SIPs and determining whether progress
requirements and milestones are met. Specifically, the Agency will evaluate
attainment plan demonstrations due November 15, 1994. The EPA will propose
Federal operating permits rules, revise existing rules covering state operating
•permits programs, promulgate title V sanctions rule, promulgate rules that revise
the NSR regulations, and propose additional rules to simplify the NSR program.
The EPA will designate, as needed, new nonattainment areas based on new air
quality data or changes to NAAQS and redesignate areas to attainment as
appropriate. The Agency will continue to review and process the operating permit
programs submitted by the states. EPA will also continue to provide training to
states through short courses, self-study courses, videos, and workshops for
implementing CAA requirements. Increased interest in delivering this training
through satellite networks is anticipated.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency obligated a total of $15,003,000 supported by 110.0 total
workyears for the State Programs Guidelines and Air Standards Development
Program, of which $7,308,800 was from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $7,694,200 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1994 EPA advanced its work in reviewing and updating the basis for the
ozone NAAQS and initiated actions which lead to proposing a revised standard.
The criteria document was prepared and reviewed by the public and by Clean Air
Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC). Exposure and risk analysis methodologies
2-55
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were reviewed by the public and by CASAC. Similarly, work continued on revising
the PM-10 NAAQS. Consistent with the PM-10 NAAQS review, work continued to
establish regional haze regulations. The focus in 1994 was to initiate the
development plan and to integrate common activities (e.g., regional particulate
model development) with the PM-10 NAAQS review.
In 1994 EPA continued to develop the guidance and regulations needed to
implement SIP activities. Leadership of the national program to achieve the
ozone standard necessitated the preparation of a number of guidance documents for
activities such as: nitrogen oxides (NOx) exemption; repowering NOx utility
boilers and cost effective NOx RACT; NOx substitution; innovative strategies to
meet NOx RACT; post-1996 rate of progress plan and attainment demonstration;
ozone attainment dates for areas affected by overwhelming transport; November
1994 submittal policy; the general conformity final rule and guidance;
redesignation request submittals; use of actual emissions in maintenance
demonstrations for ozone and carbon monoxide nonattainment areas; bump ups for
marginal ozone nonattainment areas; guidance on delegation of bump-ups; the
processing of bump up and extension requests; and, technical guidance to the
Ozone Transport Commission on regional NOx control strategies.
The Agency worked with the states and Regional offices on getting approvable
operating permit programs submitted by the state and local agencies. Assistance
was provided to Regional offices in reviewing submitted permit programs and
publishing approvals in the Federal Register (eleven states and nine local
program approvals were published in the Federal Register in 1994). Various
permit program guidance was issued including permit data elements for state
reports on each permit and the list of permit program approval issues. In
response to litigation, revisions were proposed to the state operating permit
rule.
EPA proposed FIPs for South Coast Air Basin, Sacramento metropolitan area, and
Ventura County. The FIPs must demonstrate attainment of the NAAQS for ozone and,
in the case of the South Coast Air'Basin, carbon monoxide, and will require
onerous control measures. A public comment period was established and a series
of public meetings was held. Three public hearings were conducted.
EPA continued to provide support to specialized groups such as the Grand
Canyon Visibility Transport Commission and the Ozone Transport Commission.
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AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control & Fuel Economy
PROGRAM
Mobile Source Program
Implementation
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment &
Characterization
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Testing, Technical &
Administrative Support
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Emissions & Fuel
Economy Compliance
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Mobile Source Air TOTAL
Pollution Control &
Fuel Economy
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Mobile Source Program
Implementation
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment &
Characterization
Testing, Technical &
Administrative Support
Emissions & Fuel
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$2,665.8
$2,665.8
$7,870.3
$18,539.1
$26,409.4
$6,178.0
$8,317.7
$14,495.7
$3,354.8
$2,472.6
$5,827.4
$20,068.9
$29,329.4
$49,398.3
45.0
112.3
107.0
43.5
$3,420.7
$2
$3,420.9
$10,446.1
$24,239.4
$34,685.5
$6,963.5
$8,607.4
$15,570.9
$8,245.0
$5,780.5
$14,025.5
$29,075.3
$38,627.5
$67,702.8
54.6
156.1
99.8
123.8
$3,177.0
$3,177.0
$10,408.2
$23,922.0
$34,330.2
$6,974.2
$7,897.6
$14,871.8
$8,225.3
$7,030.5
$15,255.8
$28,784.7
$38,850.1
$67,634.8
54.6
156.1
115.8
123.8
$3,177.0
$3,177.0
$10,405.5
$22,573.5
$32,979.0
$6,667.1
$6,408.4
$13,075.5
$8,099.6
$3,178.3
$11,277.9
$28,349.2
$32,160.2
$60,509.4
53.7
154.4
110.5
120.7
$3,594.6
$2
$3,594.8
$10,835.9
$27,106.7
$37,942.6
$8,920.9
$9,347.5
$18,268.4
$8,278.6
$6,226.9
$14,505.5
$31,630.0
$42,681.3
$74,311.3
53.9
151.7
119.5
116.6
$417.6
$2
$417.8
$430.4
$4,533.2
$4,963.6
$2,253.8
$2,939.1
$5,192.9
$179.0
$3,048.6
$3,227.6
$3,280.8
$10,521.1
$13,801.9
2
-2.7
9.0
-4.1
$173.9
$173.9
$389.8
$2,867.3
$3,257.1
$1,957.4
$740.1
$2,697.5
$33.6
$446.4
$480.0
$2,554.7
$4,053.8
$6,608.5
-7
-4.4
19.7
-7.2
Economy Compliance
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 307.8 434.3 450.3 439.3 441.7 2.4 '7.4
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AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control & Fuel Economy
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST
1994 BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE 1996
1995 1995
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Mobile Source Program
Implementation
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment &
Character!zat i on
Testing, Technical &
Administrative Support
Emissions & Fuel
Economy Compliance
TOTAL WORKYEARS
46.4
121.3
110.9
49.7
328.3
54.6
156.1
99.8
123.8
434.3
56.2
156.1
127.5
123.8
463.6
55.3
154.4
122.2
120.7
452.6
55.4
151.7
130.3
116.6
454.0
-2.7
8.1
-4.1
1.4
-4.4
30.5
-7.2
19.7
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AIR
MOBILE SOURCE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AND FUEL ECONOMY
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $74,311,300 supported by 454.0 total workyears
for 1996, an increase of $13,801,900 and an increase of 1.4 workyears from 1995.
Of the request, $31,630,000 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $42,681,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,280,800 in the Program and
Research Operations appropriation, an increase of $10,521,100 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 1.4 workyears.
In 1996 the mobile source program expects to collect over $11.5 million in
fees from industry to offset costs of the certification, recall, selective
enforcement audit, and fuel economy programs.
Mobile Source Program Implementation
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,594,800 and 55.4 total workyears for this
program, of which $3,594,600 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $417,600 and 0.1 total workyears
in the Program and Research Operations appropriation and an increase of $200 in
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The increase in Program and
Research Operations reflects increased workforce costs.
Regional offices will provide state and local agencies technical assistance•
and other support in implementing mobile source programs that are part of state
implementation plans (SIPs) necessary to achieve healthy air quality. These
mobile source programs include: existing, new, and enhanced vehicle inspection
and maintenance (I/M) programs; oxygenated and reformulated fuels programs; clean
fuel fleets programs; trip reduction programs; and other adopted transportation
control measures. The Regions also will support implementation of the
transportation conformity process, including maintaining close working
relationships with regional Federal Highway Administration offices and
state/local transportation agencies. EPA has asked the federal court to delay
the effective date for court-ordered ozone Federal implementation plans (FIPs)
for Sacramento, Ventura, and Los Angeles (South Coast), and a carbon monoxide FIP
for Los Angeles. If the court agrees to the request, EPA will review the state
plans for the areas and work with the state to address any deficiencies. The
Agency will also explore national emission standards that could assist California
and other states in meeting health standards for air quality.
Explanation of Change +0.1 FTE +$417.6 K (PRO) $0.2 K (AC&C)
The increase in Program and Research Operations reflects increased workforce
costs.
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1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $3,177,000 supported by 55.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation.
In 1995 Regional offices will focus on reviewing provisions of SIPs for
achieving a 15 percent reduction in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by 1996.
VOCs are among the pollutants that combine to produce ozone or urban smog. The
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) require areas with unhealthy ozone levels
categorized as "serious" and worse to determine 1996 emissions and to compare
these emissions with the projections in SIPs that were due in November 1993. EPA
will provide guidance and support to states in accomplishing this task. The
Agency will determine final actions for emission inventory SIPs and will review
conformity SIP proposals. In addition, EPA will develop FIPs where states have
not submitted SIPs or where the SIPs submitted are inadequate. The Agency will
complete the court-ordered ozone FIPs for Sacramento, Ventura, and Los Angeles,
as well as the court-ordered carbon monoxide FIP for Los Angeles, but will delay
the effective dates of the FIPs if the court agrees.
Regional offices will continue to work with states on implementation of
existing, new, and enhanced I/M programs (including I/M "fix-ups" where
deficiencies exist); and support implementation of oxygenated and reformulated
fuels programs. Regional offices also will support implementation of clean fuel
fleets, trip reduction programs, and other adopted transportation control
measures. The Regions will help carry out the conformity process and maintain
day-to-day working relationships with the regional Federal Highway Administration
offices and state/local transportation agencies.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency allocated a total of $2,665,800 supported by 46.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation.
In 1994 EPA provided guidance to states for developing mobile source emissions
inventories and transportation control measures and for making conformity
determinations. EPA Regional offices provided technical guidance to those states
and localities that were required under the CAAA to implement new or enhanced
vehicle I/M programs. The Regions also provided initial support to states that
considered opting into other programs established by the CAAA, including the
oxygenated fuels and clean fuel fleet programs. EPA Regional offices reviewed
state program proposals and implementation plans and provided appropriate
guidance. The Agency continued development of court-ordered ozone FIPs for
Sacramento, Ventura, and Los Angeles, as well as a carbon monoxide FIP for Los
Angeles. The Agency also provided guidance to states developing and implementing
transportation control measures to allow them to receive emission reduction
credit in their SIPs.
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Emission Standards. Technical Assessment and Characterization
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $37,942,600 supported by 151.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $10,835,900 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $27,106,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $430,400
in the Program and Research Operations appropriation, an increase of $4,533,200
in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and a decrease of 2.7
total workyears. The increase in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation reflects increased workforce costs. The increase in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation reflects increased resources for the Climate
Change Action Plan, support to states and other local control programs, and
control of nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions. The decreased workyears reflects a
shift from standards development activities to compliance efforts.
EPA will continue to encourage mobile source emission reductions that help
provide the nation with cleaner, healthier air. The Agency is actively involved
with the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV), a combined effort
with the Department of Energy, the Department of Defense, the Department of
Transportation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National
Science Foundation, and the domestic automobile manufacturers, to dramatically
improve passenger car and light truck fuel economy. This "clean car" program
will develop new advanced vehicle technologies to improve air quality and reduce
greenhouse gas emissions. Transportation sources are estimated to represent more
than half of the greenhouse gas emissions between 1990 and 2000. EPA will help
demonstrate the pollution prevention potential of automotive propulsion systems
with low carbon emissions, while at the same time preserving current vehicle
performance, utility, and safety.
This program will continue support and guidance to the states to phase-in and
implement the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA). EPA will provide support
for clean vehicles and fuels programs, such as the California pilot program, the
clean fuel fleets programs, the renewable oxygenate fuel programs, the
reformulated fuel programs, and the urban bus retrofit programs. In addition,
the Agency will provide guidance for the implementation of new stringent
regulations for non-road small engines phase I [gasoline spark ignition <25horse
power (hp), non-road engines (compressed ignition >50hp)], recreational marine
engines, and on-board vapor recovery. EPA will send the low emission vehicle
report to Congress. Also, EPA will continue regulatory work with the proposal
of the reformulated gasoline/bio-diesel concept. The Agency will promulgate
emission standards for locomotive engines, mobile source air toxics, and in-use
urban bus testing. Also, the Agency will propose the gasoline detergent
additives phase II standards (for combustion chamber deposits).
EPA will carry out over 800 tests for in-use vehicle assessment, including the
evaluation of new technology vehicles to refine air quality projections and
update the mobile source air quality model, the MOBILE model. EPA will
incorporate new driving cycles into the model to better relate emission factors
to available transportation data. Also, the Agency will evaluate the effects of
reformulated gasoline on in-use emissions. EPA will also research and respond
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to a large volume of complex questions from manufacturers on fuel and fuel
additives health testing protocols, petitions for procedural changes, adequacy
of existing data, and other technical problems.
EPA will monitor the implementation of new I/M programs and will assist the
states in improving public understanding of the programs. The Agency will
provide technical support in overcoming any initial operational problems with I/M
programs and in implementing mechanics training support programs and incentives
for improving the quality of vehicle repairs. In addition, EPA will provide
guidance to states in assessing the effectiveness of their I/M programs. The
Agency will conduct systematic audits in states that started on their programs
on schedule, appear to be over their transition difficulties, and have reached
a sustained operating mode. Finally, the Agency will complete action on state
ozone attainment demonstration SIPs that are designed to achieve 15 percent
reductions in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by 1996.
The Agency also will extend its pollution prevention activities worldwide,
establishing mechanisms to expand the use of U.S. standards, improving global
levels of environmental protection, and facilitating the competitiveness of U.S.
industry. EPA will be involved with international activities related to the
United Nations (UN) Agreements, the U.S./ European Union (EU) Bilateral
Agreement, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and the transfer of
technology. The U.S./EU Bilateral Agreement will improve the quality of EU
regulations and the compatibility of U.S. regulations. In addition, transfer of
technology to Mexico will continue in the areas of mechanics training, inspection
and maintenance (I/M) programs, and pollution prevention.
Explanation of Change -2.7 FTE +$430.4K (PRO) +$4,533.2 K (AC&C)
An increase of $6,433.2K will help support the President's Climate Change
Action Plan to reduce U.S. greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels through the
use of voluntary, market-based programs. Funding enhancements to the computer-
based Certification and Fuel Economy Information System (CFEIS) will provide
better fuel economy information to foster development of more effective
technology for fuel economy and energy savings. Public and private sector
organizations will analyze the impact of new technology and policies to reduce
greenhouse gases.
In addition, the increase will support the control of NOX emissions. NOX
emissions contribute to the formation of ozone (smog) and represent an increasing
problem to ozone nonattainment areas in their ability to meet the National
Ambient Air Quality Standard. With stringent standards, by the year 2010 NOX
emissions will be reduced 45 percent from the 1990 levels. Non-road sources
contribute 15 percent of NOX emissions. In 1996 EPA will propose court-ordered
emission standards for non-road small engines phase II (gasoline spark ignition
<25hp). In addition, EPA will promulgate NOX emission reduction standards for
non-road engines (compressed ignition >50hp), for aircraft engines, and for
heavy-duty engines for model year (MY) 1998 and beyond. The Agency will propose
standards for non-road engine fuels and fuel additives.
$1,900.OK in Environmental Technology Initiative Funding has been transferred
from this program element.
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A decrease of 2.7 FTE reflects the shift from standards development to
compliance efforts. The increase in PRO funding represents an increase in
workforce costs.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $32,979,000 supported by 154.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $10,405,500 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $22,573,500 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
EPA will encourage mobile source emission reductions by applying pollution
prevention technology or incentives. The Agency will participate in the PNGV
initiative, which will demonstrate the pollution prevention potential of low
carbon emitting automotive propulsion systems. The initiative, carried out in
cooperation with other Federal agencies and the domestic automobile
manufacturers, will dramatically improve passenger car and light truck fuel
economy, while maintaining vehicle performance, utility, and safety at an
afordable price. EPA also will continue transportation efficiency initiatives,
as part of the Climate Change Action Plan, to reduce carbon emissions while
improving air quality. These initiatives will give commuters more travel choices
and create regional economic growth while at the same time reducing urban traffic
congestion and lowering Clean Air Act compliance costs.
Implementation of the new clean vehicles/fuels program will continue.
Technical support in the many complex aspects of program implementation will be
provided for state programs. The California pilot program and the clean fuel
fleet programs will be implemented. Regulatory work will continue with the
proposal and promulgation of alternative fuel vehicle standards. Also, the
gasoline detergent additives phase I standards will be promulgated. The heavy-
duty engine, MY 1998 and beyond reduction standards for NOX, will be proposed.
The Agency will promulgate court-ordered standards to control emissions from non-
road engines (<25hp gasoline spark ignited engines phase I), and for non-road
marine engines. The regulations for I/M on-board diagnostics (OBD), for I/M test
procedures, and for I/M recall will be proposed. The Agency will complete the
methanol test procedures rule. EPA will continue to study whether the tier II
exhaust standards will be needed to help meet air quality standards.
EPA will be working with states to identify appropriate programs for
inspection and maintenance, involving giving states additional flexibility to
assure reductions in emissions of VOCs, carbon monoxide, and NOX necessary to
attain and maintain the emission reductions in the SIPs. EPA also will continue
to provide assistance on technical matters related to assuring effective
emissions control, such as mechanics training, improved vehicle repairs, and use
of remote sensing devices.
The program will focus on assisting the regions in reviewing ozone attainment
demonstration SIPs designed to achieve a 15 percent reduction in VOCs by 1996.
Updated information and guidance will be provided for VOCs emission speciation
and reactivity with ozone. The CAAA require that "serious" and worse ozone areas
determine their actual 1996 emissions for comparison to the projections in the
SIPs due in November 1993. In addition, the program will have to continue
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developing FIPs where SIPs are not submitted or the ones submitted are
inadequate. EPA will complete the court-ordered ozone FIPs for Sacramento,
Ventura, and Los Angeles (South Coast), as well as the court-ordered carbon
monoxide FIP for Los Angeles. EPA has asked the court to delay the effective
dates of the California FIPs and, if the court agrees, will work with the state
to put in place a SIP instead. The Agency also will explore national emission
standards that could assist California and other states in meeting health
standards for air quality.
Over 800 tests for in-use vehicle assessment will be performed, including the
evaluation of new technology vehicles to refine air quality projections and
update the mobile source air quality model, the MOBILE model. The refinery
modeling report required by the Alternative Motor Fuel Act will be submitted to
Congress. The in-use urban bus testing standards will be proposed.
Congressional Directives: A total of $1,500,000 in 1995 is for a.
Congressionally directed alternative fuels research center with the University
of West Virginia.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency allocated a total of $26,409,400 supported by 121.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,870,300 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $18,539,100 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
EPA provided technical support to states and local agencies in the
implementation of high technology-based I/M programs and state and local clean
fuels/vehicles fleet programs, including the development of market incentives to
provide economically efficient ways to implement the requirements of the CAAA.
The program provided technical support to the Regions, states and local
jurisdictions subject to the more stringent CAAA requirements, along with
implementation assistance and review of SIPs. EPA provided support to states for
the development of plans for a 15 percent reduction in VOCs.. In addition, EPA
developed court-ordered ozone FIPs for Sacramento, Ventura, and Los Angeles
(South Coast) and a carbon monoxide FIP for Los Angeles. The Agency provided
guidance to Regions and states in developing and implementing transportation
control measures to receive emission reduction credits in their SIPs.
The Agency promulgated regulations for motor vehicles fueled with compressed
natural gas and liquefied petroleum gases standards, anti-dumping standards, on-
board vapor recovery standards, conformity of transportation plans standards,
renewable oxygenates standards, urban bus retrofit/rebuild program standards, and
for reformulated gasoline/complex model standards. EPA proposed standards for
emissions from non-road engines (<25hp gasoline spark ignited engines phase I)
and from marine engines, and for gasoline detergent additives. The Agency also
promulgated court-ordered standards for the California pilot program (for opt-in
and sale requirements), for clean fuel fleet conversions, for protocols for fuels
and fuel additives health testing, and for non-road engines (compressed ignition
engines >50hp) standards.
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The emission factor program continued to improve the availability of data on
the contributions of mobile sources to air quality problems by assessing the
potential impact of new clean vehicles and fuels. Testing activities continued.
Approximately 750 tests for in-use vehicle assessment were performed, including
the evaluation of new technology vehicles to refine air quality projections and
update the mobile source air quality model, MOBILES.
Testing. Technical and Administrative Support
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,268,400 supported by 130.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $8,920,900 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $9,347,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,253,800 in the
Program and Research Operations appropriation, and an increase of $2,939,100 in
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 8.1 total
workyears. The increase in the Program and Research Operations appropriation is
a result of increased workforce costs. The increase in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation reflects an increased effort in the in-use vehicle
assessment program. The increase in workyears is a result of contractor
conversions and compliance efforts.
This program element will continue providing basic testing, technical support,
and administrative management services for operation of the National Vehicle and
Fuels Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL). Correlation programs to maintain equivalent
test procedures between manufacturers and the EPA will continue, as well as test
equipment maintenance, calibration and repair services and basic personnel,
automated data processing (ADP), and administrative management functions.
In 1996 testing activities will increase as a result of the stringent •
standards and requirements for vehicles, trucks, and buses in the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990 (CAAA). New testing activities will be required for non-road
small engines (<25hp), non-road engines (>50hp), marine engines, clean fuels,
and certification short tests. Tests methods will be completed for reformulated
gasoline and gasoline control additives. Cold carbon monoxide (CO) and tier I
testing will be 100 percent phased in. The new evaporative testing procedures
and new running loss tests will be 20 percent phased in. The laboratory
facilities will be upgraded in order to maintain effective emissions and fuels
controls and to accommodate the requirements of the emission standards mandated
by the CAAA. In 1995 and 1996 new equipment will be installed to provide
critical support needed at the NVFEL to implement the CAAA requirements.
Approximately 1,000 tests for certification and fuel economy will be
performed. The in-use vehicle assessment program will perform approximately 600
tests for emission factors, 300 tests for light-duty vehicle recall, 100 tests
to assess the durability and effectiveness of emission control components, and
75 heavy-duty engine tests.
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Explanation of Change +8.1 FTE +2.253.8K (PRO) +$2,939.IK (AC&C)
An increase of $2,939,100 is for efforts to support compliance certification
and in-use vehicle assessment activities to ensure that motor vehicles are
complying with the new CAAA standards. Between 1994 and 1996 the number of motor
vehicle requirements that the Agency is responsible for monitoring will nearly
double. The new certification and assessment tests that must be administered are
more complex and time consuming. The additional 8.1 FTE, as a result of
contractor conversion, will provide support for the increased workload demands
in these activities.
The increase in PRO funding is for increased workforce costs.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $13,075,500 supported by 122.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,667,100 is from the Program Research and
Operations appropriation and $6,408,400 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1995 the mobile sources program continues to phase in the stringent new
standards and other requirements for vehicles, trucks, and buses (e.g., cold CO
testing and new evaporative test procedures). Laboratory facilities will be
expanded and upgraded, and new equipment will be installed in order to continue
maintaining effective emissions and fuels controls and to accommodate the
requirements of the new emission standards mandated by the CAAA. These
laboratory expansions and upgrades will provide the critical technical support
needed to implement the CAAA.
Basic testing, technical support, and administrative management services for
operation of the NVFEL will be provided. Correlation programs to maintain
equivalent test procedures between manufacturers and the EPA will continue, as
well as test equipment maintenance, calibration and repair services, and basic
personnel, ADP, and administrative management functions. Approximately 1,000
tests for certification and fuel economy will be performed. The in-use vehicle
assessment program will perform approximately 600 emission factor tests, 300
light-duty vehicle recall tests, 100 tests to assess the durability and
effectiveness of emission control components and 75 heavy-duty engine tests.
Test methods will be completed for gasoline detergents.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency allocated a total of $14,495,700 supported by 110.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,178,000 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $8,317,700 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1994 the program continued providing testing, technical, equipment
maintenance, and administrative support to the Agency's mobile source's operating
programs and the operation of the NVFEL. The Agency performed 1,090
certification and fuel economy tests at NVFEL to support the compliance program.
The in-use vehicle assessment program performed 652 tests for emission factors,
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and 191 tests for light-duty vehicle recall. Activities continued to provide
support for: ADP timesharing services, local area networks (LANs), laboratory
data acquisition and computer operations; testing of motor vehicles to measure
emissions and fuel economy; quality assurance and control and correlation
services for EPA and industry testing programs; maintenance and engineering
design of emission testing equipment; and personnel, safety, administrative,
environmental compliance, and facilities support services.
Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,505,500 supported by 116.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $8,278,600 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $6,226,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $179,000 in the
Program and Research Operations appropriation, an increase of $3,048,600 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and a decrease of 4.1 total
workyears. The increased resources will support the fuel and fuel additives
registration (FFARS) and health effects testing program, as well as increased
workforce costs and compliance efforts. The decrease in workyears reflects a
shift from regulatory development activities to compliance efforts.
In 1996 EPA will process requests from 140 original equipment manufacturers
seeking certification and issue certificates of compliance with the revised
criteria pollutants emission standards in effect for model years (MYs) 1996 and
1997. The mobile source fees program will collect over $11.5 million, offsetting
costs of the certification, recall, fuel economy, and selective enforcement audit
programs. Participation in the certification program by independent commercial
importers (ICI) will continue at current levels. Approximately 40 ICI
-certificate holders will bring non-conforming imports into compliance. The Fuel
Economy Information Program will issue 1,000 fuel economy consumer labels,
conduct 60 corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) calculation audits, and collect
data for the Gas Mileage Guide and "gas guzzler" tax collection. The Internal
Revenue Service (IRS) uses the Fuel Economy Label Program to determine gas
guzzler tax payments due from manufacturers.
The workload of the certification program will increase as a result of
promulgation of regulations mandated by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
(CAAA). The regulations will add to the certification process the following
classes of non-road engines: non-road small engines (<25hp), non-road engines
(&50hp), and marine engines. The Agency will issue certificates of compliance
to approximately 28 new manufacturers for non-road small engines and 29 for non-
road diesel engines. In addition, EPA will provide guidance to manufacturers on
compliance requirements for on-board diagnostics (OBD), for gaseous fuels, and
clean fueled fleets. The Agency will initiate revised durability evaluation
procedures for MY 1998 and implement the durability procedures ("useful life")
for MY 1997. The Agency will continue to provide guidance for the new inspection
and maintenance (I/M) test, IM240.
Regulatory work will continue with the promulgation of standards for the
"substantially similar" definition for diesel fuel. Also, the non-conformance
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penalty regulations for heavy-duty engines and heavy-duty engine rebuild will be
implemented. The rulemaking to ban leaded gasoline will be completed. The
waiver criteria rule will be promulgated. The OBD program regulations will be
implemented. In addition, the OBD service information availability standards for
maintaining equipment on MY 1980-1993 vehicles will be promulgated. The cold
carbon monoxide (CO) temperature standards (phase II study) will be completed.
The light-duty vehicle recall program will conduct investigations for 22
suspect light-duty vehicle classes; five high mileage light-duty truck classes;
and two heavy-duty engine classes to assess compliance with the more stringent
full useful life standard. Eight investigations to assess compliance with the
high altitude standards will also be conducted. Additional^, the program will
conduct compliance investigations under the following categories: four high
altitude for tier I recall, four cold CO, four light-duty truck tier I, and eight
light-duty vehicle tier I. The selective enforcement audits (SEA) program will
conduct six audits of light-duty manufacturer facilities, ten audits of
heavy-duty manufacturer facilities, eight audits for non-road manufacturer
facilities, three audits of banking and trading emissions credits, four
production compliance audits (PCAs) , and 12 vehicle exclusions . The program will
conduct ten audits of bus operators for the urban bus program and will issue four
emission control kit certificates. The imports program will process
approximately 10,000 entries for the importation of non-conforming vehicles and
respond to approximately 3,000 calls for guidance on non-road engines. The
warranty program will review approximately 25 owner's manuals and will respond
to over 1,000 public inquiries. In addition, the program will process
approximately 100 registrations for reformulated gasoline, conduct 120 surveys,
and review approximately 1,800 reports. The detergents requirements will be
implemented with the expected result of receipt of approximately 300 applications
for detergent certifications. The anti-dumping requirements will be implemented
resulting in the processing of five in-line gasoline blending petitions.
Explanation of Change -4.1 FTE +$179.OK (PRO) +$3,048.6K (AC&C)
An increase of $3,048,600 will support the FFARS and Health Effects Testing
Programs. The new health and emission requirements cover approximately 7,000
registered FFARS manufactured by over 2,000 companies. The FFARS registration
program expects to receive 1,000 new registrations with the implementation of the
reformulated gasoline and detergents regulations. By implementing these
requirements, EPA will be able to identify fuel additives that are determined to
pose adverse health risks to the public with the at risk focus points of birth
defects, mutations, and cancer. EPA projects that approximately nine to 42
cancer incidences will be prevented under this program. Data collection and
assessment will provide specific chemical and toxicologic information which will
be used for future regulatory actions. EPA will research and respond to a large
volume of test protocols, petitions for procedural changes, questions regarding
the adequacy of existing data, grouping issues, and other technical problems
arising from manufacturers' compliance efforts.
A decrease of 4.1 FTE reflects a shift of resources from regulatory
development activities to compliance efforts. The increase in PRO funding is for
increased workforce costs.
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1995 Accomplishments
The Agency is allocating a total of $11,277,900 supported by 120.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $8,099,600 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $3,178,300 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. As a result of the reorganization of the enforcement
function, resources for several activities formerly contained in Mobile Source
Enforcement program element have been transferred to this program element.
In 1995 the Agency will process 140 original equipment manufacturers requests
for certification and issue certificates of compliance for MYs 1995 and 1996
under the revised criteria pollutants emission standards. The Mobile Source Fees
Program will collect approximately $11.5 million for vehicle compliance and fuel
economy. Under the Certification Program, approximately 40 ICI certificate
holders will bring non-conforming imports into compliance. The Fuel Economy
Information Program will continue by issuing 1,000 fuel economy consumer labels,
conducting 60 CAFE calculation audits, and collecting data for the Gas Mileage
Guide and "gas guzzler" tax collection. The IRS utilizes the Fuel Economy Label
Program to determine gas guzzler tax payments due from manufacturers resulting
in a $10.2 million collection of taxes. The revised federal test procedures
(FTP) regulations will be completed. The revised FTP standards are expected to
reduce emissions from vehicles in operating modes which are not currently
accounted for in emission inventories.
Also in 1995, new regulations require implementation guidance and support
from the certification program. The program will develop and implement a
certification process for non-road engines. In addition, the durability
procedures ("useful life") for MY 1997 will be promulgated. New I/M tests will
be added to the certification process. The OBD program development regulations
will be promulgated and the OBD service information availability standards for
maintaining OBD equipment on MY 1980-1993 vehicles will be proposed. The CAFE
credits regulations for new dynamometers will be proposed. The waiver criteria
rule will be proposed. The cold CO temperature standards (phase II study) will
be initiated.
The light-duty recall program will investigate: 22 suspect light-duty vehicle
classes; five high mileage light-duty truck classes; and two heavy-duty engine
classes to assess compliance with the more stringent full useful life standards.
Furthermore, eight investigations to assess compliance with the high altitude
standards will be conducted by the program. The SEA program will conduct six
audits of light-duty manufacturer facilities, ten audits of heavy-duty
manufacturer facilities, three audits of banking and trading emissions credits,
one PCA, and 12 vehicle exclusions. The imports program will respond to
approximately 10,000 calls for the importation of non-conforming vehicles and
will conduct one investigation of the operations of Ids.
Regulatory work will continue with the promulgation of standards for fuel
waivers and a "substantially similar" definition for diesel fuel. Also,
regulations will be proposed and promulgated for a non-conformance penalty for
heavy-duty engines, and for heavy-duty engine rebuild. The rulemaking to ban
leaded gasoline will be completed. Implementation activities performed by mobile
source programs, such as reformulated gasoline, will result in emissions
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reductions from highway vehicles by approximately 50 percent by the year 2000 and
60 percent by the year 2010. These mobile sources were responsible for 30-50
percent of VOCs and NOX emissions and a larger fraction of CO emissions in 1990.
Congressional Directives: A total of $150,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project of High Altitude Exhaust Emission Compliance.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency allocated a total of $5,827,400 supported by 49.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,354,800 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $2,472,600 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1994 the certification program processed 140 original equipment
manufacturer applications and issued certificates of compliance for light-duty
vehicles, heavy-duty engines, and motorcycles. The mobile source fees program
collected $10,271,500 (vehicle compliance and fuel economy fees). Regulatory
work continued on the proposal of standards for fuel waivers and "substantially
similar" definition for diesel fuel. The proposed rulemaking for detergents was
published. Work continued on the warranty standards, proposed regulations to ban
leaded gasoline, proposed standards for non-road engines, and standards for lead
substitutes in gasoline. The Agency continued efforts to promulgate regulations
for FFARS and FTP revisions. Motor vehicle certification procedures for the
proposed rules on inspection/maintenance redesignation and California's federal
implementation plan were promulgated. The OBD program development regulations
were proposed. The Agency also proposed standards for revised light-duty
durability II.
The Fuel Economy Information Program issued 926 fuel economy consumer labels,
conducted 34 CAFE calculation audits, performed data collection activities for
the Gas Mileage Guide and "gas guzzler" tax collection. The Agency promulgated
the final rule for alternative fuel CAFE credits. The EPA Recall Program
investigated 22 light-duty vehicle classes, six light-duty truck classes, in
addition to 69 high-altitude vehicle classes. The Selective Enforcement Auditing
Program conducted 10 heavy-duty engine and six light-duty engine audits. The
Agency continued investigations of importers' operations of non-conforming
vehicles to ensure certification procedures were adequately implemented by
conducting two investigations. The Imports Program also processed 10,562
applications for non-conforming vehicles. The Warranty Program responded to
1,809 consumer inquiries on emission warranty issues, along with reviewing 25
vehicle warranty manuals. The Imports' Hotline responded to 16,484 contractor
inquiries, with an additional 3,600 inquiries from EPA personnel. The FFARS
Program processed 2,051 registrations.
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AIR
Resource Assistance for State, and Local and Tribal Agencies
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Resource Assistance For
State and Local Agencies
Abatement Control and $174,791.2 $181,072.1 $181,947.1 $180,709.3 $169,189.9 -$11,519.4 -$11,882.2
Compliance
Tribal Resource
Assistance
Abatement Control and $5,882.2 $5,882.2 $5,882.2
Compliance
TOTAL $5,882.2 $5,882.2 $5,882.2
Tribal Program
Implementation
Program & Research $666.9 $666.9 $666.9
Operations
Abatement Control and $500.0 $500.0 $500.0
Compliance
TOTAL $1,166.9 $1,166.9 $1,166.9
TOTAL $174,791.2 $181,072.1 $181,947.1 $180,709.3 $169,189.9 -$11,519.4 -$11,882.2
TOTAL:
Program & Research $666.9 $666.9 $666.9
Operations
Abatement Control and $174,791.2 $181,072.1 $181,947.1 $180,709.3 $175,572.1 -$5,137.2 -$5,500.0
Compliance
State Programs TOTAL $174,791.2 $181,072.1 $181,947.1 $180,709.3 $176,239.0 -$4,470.3 -$4,833.1
Resource Assistance
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Resource Assistance For
State, Local And Tribal
Agencies
Research Assistance
for Tribal Programs
Tribal Program 10.0 10.0 10.0
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 10.0 10.0 10.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Resource Assistance For
State, Local And Tribal
Agencies
Research Assistance
for Tribal Programs
Tribal Program 10.0 10.0 10.0
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS 10.0 10.0 10.0
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AIR
RESOURCE ASSISTANCE FOR STATE, TRIBAL AND LOCAL PROGRAMS
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $176,239,000 supported by 10.0 workyears for
1996, a decrease of $4,470,300 and an increase of 10.0 workyears from 1995. Of
the request, $175,572,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation and $666,900 will be for the Program and Research Operations
Appropriation. This represents an increase of $666,900 in the Program and
Research Operations appropriation, a decrease of $5,137,200 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation and an increase of 10 workyears. This
request includes two new program elements, "Resource Assistance for Indian
Tribes" and "Tribal Program Implementation."
Resource Assistance for State and Local Agencies
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $169,189,900 supported by no workyears for
1996, a decrease of $11,519,400 and no change in workyears from 1995. Of the
request, $169,189,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $11,519,400 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. The decrease reflects the availability of
alternative sources of funds to states and local agencies for certain air
pollution control activities. These agencies now may use title V fees for major
stationary source operating permit programs. The decrease also reflects the
transfer of resources for tribal grants to the new "Resource Assistance for
Indian Tribes" program element.
The Administration will propose legislation to include this grant program in
the Performance Partnership Initiative. A state could elect to consolidate this
and other categorical media grants into one or more multimedia or single media
grants. The state could then target its most pressing environmental problems and
use the performance partnership grant for a number of activities including
pollution control, abatement and enforcement. This program will not compromise
basic national objectives and legislative requirements.
In 1996 multi-state, state and local programs will continue to play a primary
role in protecting public health and the environment through implementing the
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. EPA will support these efforts through grants
and cooperative agreements awarded under authorities provided by sections 103,
105, 106, and 112 of the Act. The programs will continue efforts to attain and
maintain the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) for "criteria"
pollutants: ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter (PM-10),
sulfur dioxide, and lead; to reduce air toxics and acid deposition; to improve
visibility, and to prevent significant deterioration of air quality.
In 1996 EPA will give priority to states with unhealthful levels of ozone or
"smog." States with nonattainment areas classified as "serious," "severe," or
"extreme" must complete attainment demonstrations using complex photochemical
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dispersion models, submit revised state implementation plans (SIPs), and carry
out follow-up actions. State and local agencies will continue development of SIP
revisions to account for post-1996 volatile organic compound (VOC) reductions
through the attainment year. These agencies also will continue to implement
vehicle inspection and maintenance programs and develop, expand and implement
other mobile source control measures. In addition, the agencies will continue
efforts to complete the first of periodic updates to emissions inventories,
implement programs to track reasonable further progress (RFP), and provide for
the annual reporting of emission statements. The agencies will continue to add
monitoring sites to expand programs for enhanced sampling of ozone, with third
sites in 18 areas and upper air sampling in 19 areas. In the northeast, the
Northeast Ozone Transport Commission and the Northeastern States for Coordinated
Air Use Management (NESCAUM) will continue their multi-state programs. The Great
Lakes states will continue to cooperatively address the multi-state ozone problem
in their area.
In 1996 state and local agencies will focus on implementing existing
regulations for both stationary and mobile sources. This includes inspection and
compliance activities for minor VOC sources and nitrogen oxides sources covered
by state regulations. States with nonattainment areas designated as "serious"
for PM-10 will submit and implement revised SIPs demonstrating attainment. State
and local agencies will expand programs for assessing and reducing exposure to
air toxics for eventual program delegation. In 1996 States will continue to
implement Phase I requirements in their acid rain programs.
State and local agencies will continue to upgrade and replace ozone and carbon
monoxide monitoring networks; carry out quality assurance and quality control
efforts for ozone, carbon monoxide, and PM-10 emissions inventories; and
implement prevention of significant deterioration programs. Agencies will
continue to operate sulfur dioxide and PM-10 monitoring networks. In addition,
states will be developing and implementing enhanced monitoring SIPs applying to
major sources under title VII.
EPA will increase support for the visibility program. This includes continues
support for visibility monitoring in Class I areas and for the Grand Canyon
Visibility Commission. EPA will expand training support for state and local
agency personnel to meet the increasing demand for training by state and local
agencies. Particular emphasis will be on expanding satellite delivery of courses
to desktop users. This expanded training will address new and changing Clean Air
Act requirements including state and local permitting and compliance activities.
States and selected local agencies will provide technical assistance and guidance
to small manufacturing and business establishments that may be affected by the
requirements of the Clean Air Act.
Explanation of Change -$11,519.4 K (AC&C)
In 1996 most state and local agencies will be implementing Title V operating
permit programs for major pollution sources. When fully implemented, these
programs will be entirely supported by fees paid by source operators. State and
local agencies will have this alternative funding source for some activities
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previously funded by Federal grants. Also, funding used in previous years for
developing permit programs may be shifted to other priorities.
Reprogramming will occur from permit program development, and fee-supported
activities to mobile source (vehicles and fuels) programs, emissions inventory
improvement and data delivery, emissions factor development, and enhanced
monitoring for criteria and toxic pollutants monitoring. The mobile sources
activities include: training for vehicle inspection and maintenance; development
of increased technical capabilities in state and local agencies; and development,
implementation, and evaluation of mobile source control strategies.
Resources in the amount of $1,882,200 that were formerly included in this
program element have been transferred to the new "Resource Assistance for Indian
Tribes" program element.
1995 Program
In 1995 the Agency is allocating a total of $180,709,300 all of which is from
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1995 multi-state, state, local, and tribal programs will continue to play
a primary role in implementing health and environmental protection provisions of
the Clean Air Act. EPA will support these efforts through grants and cooperative
agreements awarded under authorities provided by sections 103, 105, 106, and 112
of the Act. The programs will continue efforts to attain and maintain the NAAQSs
for "criteria" pollutants: ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate
matter (PM-10), sulfur dioxide, and lead; reduce air toxics and acid deposition;
improve visibility; and prevent significant deterioration of air quality.
In 1995 EPA will give priority to states with ozone nonattainment areas
classified as serious, severe, or extreme. For these areas states must complete
attainment demonstrations using complex photochemical dispersion models, submit
revised SIPs, and carry out follow-up actions. State and local agencies will
continue development of SIP revisions to account for 15 percent reductions in
VOCs. These agencies also will implement vehicle inspection and maintenance
programs and expand other mobile source control efforts, including development
and implementation of programs for clean fuels and employee trip reductions. In
addition, the agencies will continue efforts to complete the first of periodic
updates to emissions inventories, implement programs to track RFP, and provide
for the annual reporting of emission statements by source operators. The
agencies will add monitoring sites to expand programs for enhanced sampling of
ozone and long-term sampling of ozone precursors. In the northeast the Northeast
Ozone Transport Commission and NESCAUM will continue their multi-state programs.
The Great Lakes states will continue their cooperative efforts to address the
multi-state ozone problem in their area.
In 1995 state and local agencies will focus on implementing existing
regulations for both stationary and mobile sources. This includes inspection and
compliance activities for Class A and Class B VOC sources and nitrogen oxides
sources. States with nonattainment areas designated as "serious" for PM-10 will
continue development and submission of revised SIPs demonstrating attainment.
State and local agencies will expand programs for assessing and reducing exposure
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to air toxics. The agencies will continue their air toxics early reductions
programs, but with reduced emphasis. In 1995 States will expand their acid rain
programs to address Phase II requirements. By May 31, 1995 EPA and states must
certify continuous emissions monitors for over 2,000 utility units.
State and local agencies will continue to upgrade and replace ozone and carbon
monoxide monitoring networks; carry out quality assurance and quality control
efforts for ozone, carbon monoxide, and PM-10 emissions inventories; and
implement new source review and prevention of significant deterioration programs.
In addition, agencies will continue to operate sulfur dioxide and PM-10
monitoring networks and inspect major sulfur dioxide and PM-10 sources. States
and selected local agencies will provide technical assistance and guidance to
small manufacturing and business establishments that may be affected by the
requirements of the Clean Air Act.
In 1995 a number of state and local agencies will begin implementation of
operating permit programs for major sources of criteria pollutants and air toxics
and for sources subject to acid rain program requirements. Where states have not
completed development of their entire operating permit programs, EPA will assist
in completing the programs and in upgrading SIPs that may include provisions that
are incompatible with or unenforceable under operating permit programs.
EPA will continue support for visibility monitoring in Class I areas and for
the Grand Canyon Visibility Commission. The Agency also will continue to provide
financial and training support to Indian tribes for assessing air quality
problems on tribal lands and developing Clean Air Act programs. In 1995 the
Agency will increase support for air quality monitoring and control strategy
planning along the U.S. - Mexico Border. EPA will continue training support to
state and local agency personnel, with particular emphasis on providing delivery
of courses addressing new and changing Clean Air Act requirements.
Congressional Directives: A total of $875,000 is provided for Congressionally
directed projects. These include: NESCAUM interstate pollution control and
ozone reduction; the Grand Canyon Visibility Transport Commission regional haze
programs; the National Center for Vehicle Emissions Control and Safety high
altitude testing of vehicle emissions; and the State of Washington PM-10 air
quality study.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency allocated a total of $174,791,200 all of which was from the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriations. EPA provided this financial
support to multi-state, state, local, and tribal agencies to carry out the
requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
EPA provided support for the development and implementation of strategies to
meet NAAQSs for ozone and carbon monoxide. States completed and submitted to EPA
state implementation plan (SIP) revisions to account for 15 percent reductions
in VOCs for nonattainment areas designated as serious, severe, or extreme. Also,
states completed projected attainment year inventories and initiated
photochemical dispersion modeling as part of these areas demonstrations of
attainment. State efforts continued in their evaluations of the effectiveness
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of current VOC control programs to provide support for their attainment
demonstrations. State and local agencies upgraded and expanded their ambient
monitoring networks, and added additional equipment to the enhanced ozone
monitoring networks required in the ozone nonattainment areas designated as
serious, severe, or extreme. EPA continued support of the Northeast Transport
Commission and its efforts to assess ozone transport and control options for the
northeast. States refined emissions inventory data as a result of EPA review and
expanded their efforts to include emission statement program requirements.
States continued to develop and implement programs for assessing and reducing
exposure to air toxics, including programs for point source reductions as well
as area source reductions. States performed inspection and compliance activities
associated with sources of hazardous emissions and in particular addressing
asbestos demolition and renovation efforts. Assessment of the air toxics
problems in the Great Lakes area focused on urban air monitoring, toxic emissions
inventory data collection, and process evaluations.
For PM-10 nonattainment areas designated as serious, state and local agencies
updated and quality assured emissions inventories as a part of their efforts to
develop SIP revisions to attain the NAAQS in these areas. In those states
addressing lead nonattainment issues, efforts focused on source inspection,
monitoring, and SIP development. The Agency provided funding to the Grand Canyon
Visibility Commission to coordinate activities in affected states and tribal
lands to address visibility problems in the Grand Canyon. States continued
analysis of visibility problems in the Southern Appalachian Mountain area.
Funding was provided for visibility monitoring in both the northeast and western
Class I areas. EPA continued in its role to provide air pollution training
courses for state and local personnel, improve course delivery mechanisms, and
develop new courses addressing the Clean Air Act requirements for operating
permit programs.
States completed and submitted their small business technical assistance SIP
revisions and began implementation of those assistance programs. Air quality
assessment efforts and control strategy development for the U.S. -Mexico border
areas continued.
Tribal Resource Assistance
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,882,200 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. 1996 is the first
year for this program element.
The Administration will propose legislation to include this grant program in
the Performance Partnership Initiative. A tribe could elect to consolidate this
and other categorical media grants into one or more multimedia or single media
grants. The tribe could then target its most pressing environmental problems and
use the performance partnership grant for a number of activities including
pollution control, abatement and enforcement. This program will not compromise
basic national objectives and legislative requirements.
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In 1996 the Agency will provide financial support to Federally recognized
Indian tribes under the authority of sections 103 or 105 of the Clean Air Act for
assessment, prevention, and control of air pollution on Indian reservations. The
Agency also may fund air quality assessments using the authority of the Indian
Environmental General Assistance grants program.
The major objectives of this program are to provide financial support, as
provided under section 301(d) of the Clean Air Act, and technical assistance to
Federally recognized Indian Tribes to ensure: (1) the protection of the health
and environment of tribal members, and (2) the development of effective tribal
air quality programs.
In 1996 EPA will be implementing a regulation that will provide tribes
authority to implement and administer Clean Air Act programs in essentially the
same manner as states. The regulation allows, but does not require, tribes to
develop Clean Air Act programs. Tribes may implement those programs, or portions
of programs, that are most relevant to addressing air quality problems on tribal
lands. The regulation will incorporate EPA's streamlined eligibility review and
approval process that tribes must meet to obtain approval to implement Clean Air
Act programs. EPA will simultaneously review tribal applications for eligibility
and Clean Air Act program submittals.
The grants provided under this program will support tribal programs that
develop tribal implementation plans (TIPs) for the attainment and maintenance of
the NAAQSs; enforce source emission regulations and requirements contained within
the TIPs; review and permit new and existing sources; and monitor ambient air
quality in order to assess environmental quality and progress. In addition,
these funds will promote the assumption and implementation of other Clean Air Act
responsibilities, including those for reducing air toxic emissions, protecting
or improving visibility, and implementing New Source Performance Standards
(NSPSs), and National Emission Standards for the Hazardous Air Pollutants
(NESHAPs). Resource assistance to Indian tribes will be supplemented by the
provision of training in air pollution control.
Explanation of Change +$5,882.2 K AC&C
In 1995 resources for this program were contained in the Resource Assistance
for State and Local Programs ($1,882.2). The additional resources will be used
to implement a regulation proposed in 1994 that provides Tribes with the same
opportunity as states to carry out Clean Air Act requirements.
1995 Program
In 1995 resources for this program were contained in the Resource Assistance
for State and Local Programs.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 resources for this program were contained in the Resource Assistance
for State and Local Programs.
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Tribal Program Implementation
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,166,900 supported by 10.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $666,900 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $500,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. 1996 is the first year of activity and resources under
this program element.
In 1996 EPA will be implementing a regulation that will grant Tribes authority
to implement and administer Clean Air Act programs in essentially the same manner
as states. The regulation will authorize Tribes to submit Clean Air Act programs
for EPA approval, but will not require Tribes to develop such programs. Tribes
may implement those programs, or portions of programs, that are most relevant to
the air quality needs of Tribes. The regulation will incorporate EPA's
streamlined eligibility review and approval process that Tribes must meet to
obtain approval to implement Clean Air Act programs. EPA will simultaneously
review tribal applications for eligibility and Clean Air Act program submittals.
The regulation will grant Tribes with EPA approved programs authority over all
air resources within the exterior boundaries of a reservation (including non-
Indian owned fee lands). For off-reservation areas, Tribes would have to
demonstrate the basis for jurisdiction.
The major objectives of this program are to provide technical assistance to
Federally recognized Indian Tribes to: (1) ensure that tribal health and
welfare, including reservation ecosystems, are adequately protected under the
Clean Air Act and, (2) assist Tribes in developing effective air quality
management programs to ensure that Clean Air Act requirements will be implemented
to the extent necessary on Indian reservations.
In 1996 the Agency will provide regional support to Federally recognized
Indian Tribes for the prevention and control of air pollution on Indian
reservations. The Regions will assist the approximately 20 to 30 tribes that
will receive grants under section 301(d) of the Clean Air Act. In addition, the
Regions will assist between 50 to 60 other tribes in establishing air components
to their general environmental programs. Assistance will be provided to Indian
Tribes to help develop and implement strategies and regulatory programs to
protect tribal air quality and meet the requirements of the Clean Air Act.
The Regional support provided under this program element will result in
specific products including: assessments of tribal air quality; development of
tribal implementation plans (TIPs) for the attainment and maintenance of the
NAAQSs; enforcement of source emission regulations and requirements contained
within the TIPs; review and permitting new and existing sources; monitoring of
ambient air quality in order to assess environmental quality and progress; and
development of data bases necessary to protect tribal air quality. In addition,
the Regional support will help promote the assumption and implementation of other
Clean Air Act responsibilities, including those for the protection of visibility
and the implementation of NSPSs and NESHAPs.
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Explanation of Change +10.0 FTE +$666.9K (PRO) +$500.OK (AC&C)
Base workyear resources were previously contained in the Air Quality
Management Implementation program element. Additional resources are needed to
implement the rule allowing Tribes the same opportunity as states to implement
the Clean Air Act.
1995 Program
In 1995 workyear resources were previously contained in the Air Quality
Management Implementation program element.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 workyear resources were previously contained in the Air Quality
Management Implementation program element.
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AIR
Air Quality Management Implementation
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE INCREASE
1994 BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE 1996 DECREASE DECREASE
1995 1995 1996 REQ 1996 REQ
VS VS
1995 CE 1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Air Quality Management
Implementation
Program & Research $33,401.6 $25,307.1 $25,663.7 $25,768.3 $25,435.7 -$332.6 $128.6
Operations
Abatement Control and $2,563.1 $356.3 $2,788.6 $3,284.4 $279.7 -$3,004.7 -$76.6
Compliance
Program & Research $23.4
operation - Flood
TOTAL $25,988.1 $25,663.4 $28,452.3 $29,052.7 $25,715.4 -$3,337.3 $52.0
TOTAL:
Program & Research $23,401.6 $25,307.1 $25,663.7 $25,768.3 $25,435.7 -$332.6 $128.6
Operations
Abatement Control and $2,563.1 $356.3 $2,788.6 $3,284.4 $279.7 -$3,004.7 -$76.6
Compliance
Program & Research $23.4
operation - Flood
Air Quality Management TOTAL $25,988.1 $25,663.4 $28,452.3 $29,052.7 $25,715.4 -$3,337.3 $52.0
Implementation
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Air Quality Management
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
370.2 403.9 409.1 405.3 381.4 -23.9 -22.5
370.2 403.9 409.1 405.3 381.4 -23.9 -22.5
Air Quality Management 380.7 403.9 435.5 431.7 405.9 -25.8 2.0
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS 380.7 403.9 435.5 431.7 405.9 -25.8 2.0
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AIR
AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,715,400 supported by 405.9 total workyears
for 1996, a decrease of $3,337,300 and a decrease of 25.8 workyears because of
an expected decrease in the number of SIP revisions and due to SIP processing
reforms. Resources have moved to the new Tribal Program Implementation and
Global Change program elements. Of the request, $25,435,700 will be for the
Program and Research Operations appropriation and $279,700 will be for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an decrease in
the Program and Research Operations appropriation of $332,600 for decreased
workforce costs and a decrease of $3,004,700 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Air Quality Management Implementation
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,715,400 supported by 405.9 total workyears
for 1996, a decrease of $3,337,300 and a decrease of 25.8 workyears. Of the
request, $25,435,700 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $279,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation of $332,600 for decreased workforce costs and a decrease of
$3,004,700 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1996 the Regional air quality management program will target assistance to
states with areas having ozone levels causing adverse health effects. EPA will
help states with "serious," "severe," or "extreme" ozone nonattainment areas
complete their attainment demonstrations and other state implementation plan
(SIP) requirements. Attainment demonstrations and rate of progress plans were
due in November 1994. Due to delays in state grid modeling efforts, states may
not submit many SIPs until late in 1996. EPA Regions will work with states to
develop control strategies and required regulations. The Regions will then
process these SIPs in order to forestall the sanctions that could potentially be
applied to areas for failing to meet statutory deadlines. Regions also will be
completing rulemaking actions on the 15 percent plans and other required SIP
revisions that states submitted by July 15, 1995 again to avoid the possible
application of sanctions.
Regional offices will assist states in completing their first periodic
emissions inventory updates for ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter
(PM-10). Additionally, the Regions will provide assistance in tracking actual
emissions reductions to verify the states' reasonable further progress (RFP)
requirements. The Regions also will assist states as they implement programs to
provide for annual reporting of emissions statements.
For PM-10 Regions will focus on reviewing and taking rulemaking actions on
attainment demonstrations in areas classified as "serious." Regions will provide
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assistance to state and local agencies in implementing regulations for best
available control measures (BACM) for PM-10 sources. Regions also will continue
efforts to help states remove sulfur dioxide SIP deficiencies in order to provide
a compliance base for sources applying for operating permits.
Regional offices will continue their review of operating permit programs
submitted by states and take rulemaking action to approve or disapprove them.
Most state and local agencies will begin full implementation of operating permit
program requirements for major sources of criteria pollutants. Where programs
have been approved, Regions will provide states with assistance, guidance,
workshops, and training. Regional offices will begin audits of state permitting
activities and reviewing state submitted permit applications. A limited number
of states may not have approved operating permit program by the November 15, 1995
deadline. EPA would then have to operate a Federal permit program for those
states and take approval/disapproval actions on major source permit applications.
During 1996 EPA Regions will continue to work with state and local agencies
to develop and implement air toxic programs in order to allow delegation of air
toxic responsibilities to states. The Regions also will provide assistance to
state and local agencies in implementing operating permit programs for sources
of air toxics. In addition, Regions will continue efforts to address the problem
of air toxics deposition in the Great Lakes.
Regions will support states as they implement small business technical
assistance programs. Efforts also will continue to assess air quality and
emissions along the U.S. - Mexico border and complete development of shared
control strategy responsibilities. Regional offices will focus on meeting the
objectives of the Administrator's common sense initiative in 1996 which will
address standards development on a cross media, industry-specific basis and
involve affected industries in the process.
Explanation of Change -25.8 FTEs -$332.6K (PRO) -$3,004.7K (AC&C)
Resources will be reduced for the processing of SIP revisions for criteria
pollutants (-18.7 FTEs). These reductions are needed because of a projected
decrease in the number of SIP revisions and because of SIP processing reforms.
Resources from this program also have been moved to the new Tribal Program
Implementation and Global Change program elements. Contract dollars will be
reduced as a result of the completion of special projects.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $29,052,700 supported by 431.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $25,768,300 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $3,284,400 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1995 the Regional air quality management program is assisting states in
developing the ozone SIPs necessary to achieve cleaner, healthier air quality.
The Regions will help develop attainment demonstrations for ozone nonattainment
areas designated as serious, severe, or extreme. Regions also will assist states
as they develop and revise plans to achieve a 15 percent reduction in volatile
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organic compounds (VOCs). Regions will take rulemaking actions on these
submissions as well as other SIP revisions addressing ozone, carbon monoxide, and
nitrogen dioxide problems. A number of nonattainment areas are potentially
subject to sanctions for submitting incomplete SIPs, or failing to submit the SIP
revisions required by the Clean Air Act. The Regions will be work with these
areas to develop approvable SIP revisions in advance of the sanctions deadlines.
Equally important, the Regions must review and take rulemaking actions on these
submissions in order to avert the need to develop Federal implementation plans
in California. Regions will assist state programs in developing and implementing
the requirements for annual emission statements by operators of sources of VOCs
and nitrogen oxides.
Regional offices will assist states in completing processes and methods for
the periodic updating (every three years) of emissions inventory data for ozone,
carbon monoxide, and PM-10. In order to provide the capability to track actual
emissions reductions and to verify the states' reasonable further progress (RFP)
requirements, Regions will direct their efforts toward completing the development
and implementation of RFP tracking systems.
PM-10 states will focus on completing attainment demonstrations in areas
classified as "serious." Regions will assist state and local agencies in
implementing regulations for best available control measures (BACM) for PM-10
sources. Regions also will help states remove sulfur dioxide SIP deficiencies
in order to provide a compliance base for sources applying for operating permits.
Some state and local agencies will begin implementation of operating permit
program requirements for major sources of pollutants. Regional offices will
continue review of operating permit programs submitted by states for
acceptability and take rulemaking action to approve or disapprove them. Where
programs have been approved, Regions will provide assistance, guidance,
workshops, and training to states to aid in program implementation. Regional
offices will begin audits of state permitting activities and review state-
submitted permit applications from stationary sources subject to the operating
permit program requirements.
During 1995 state and local agencies will issue operating'permits for sources
of air toxics. With an expanded universe of toxics sources to permit and
provisions in the Clean Air Act that allow toxic sources to seek early reductions
in emissions, Regional offices will provide review of these toxic source requests
and assess alternate compliance programs for sources. Regional offices will
focus attention on working with state and local agencies to develop acceptable
air toxic programs with full legal and regulatory authority to implement and
carry out the requirements of the Clean Air Act. Regions will also continue
efforts in support of a study of air toxics deposition in the Great Lakes.
Regions will continue to support state implementation of small business
technical assistance programs. Regions also will provide assistance to Indian
tribes as they begin to address air quality management requirements of the Clean
Air Act. In addition, Regions will address air quality problems along the U.S. -
Mexico border and develop shared control strategies.
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Congressional Directive: A total of $2,000,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project of the Southwest Center for Environmental Research and Policy
to address environmental problems along the U.S. - Mexico border.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency allocated a total of $25,988,100 supported by 380.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $23,425,000 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $2,563,100 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1994 EPA Regional offices reviewed and processed SIPs for VOC controls,
mobile source requirements, and PM-10 attainment SIPs. The Regions also provided
assistance for urban area emissions inventories in order to help states complete
development of ozone attainment demonstrations. Region 9 continued development
of the court-ordered FIPs for the California areas. Regions 1,2, and 3 continued
follow-on efforts to support the Northeast Ozone Transport Commission and other
regional ozone transport efforts in the northeast including the Northeast States
for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM). The Regions provided technical
assistance and guidance to states on PM-10 SIP revisions for "serious"
nonattainment areas. Regions also provided guidance and support to states as
they began implementation of reasonably available control measures (RACMs) for
PM-10 source categories. States received assistance from the Regional offices
on PM-10 control requirements for area source controls in serious areas, market-
based incentives, and quality assurance requirements for emissions inventories.
The regions also provided assistance to states as they developed lead attainment
demonstrations and revised lead SIPs.
Regional support for air toxic activities included assistance in implementing
the air toxics early reductions program and developing state permit programs for
toxic/hazardous sources. Regions also supported the Great Lakes air toxics'
deposition study. The Regions provide guidance and assistance to states and
local agencies as they developed their operating permit programs. In addition,
Regions provided technical support to states in linking source operating permits
and SIPs. Regions continued to provide guidance and support to states in
establishing small business technical assistance programs, in assessing air
quality and emissions along the U.S. - Mexico border, and in carrying out the
Southern Appalachian Mountain regional haze study.
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AIR
Trends Monitoring & Progress Assessment
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring
Program & Research $5,663.9 $5,788.9 $6,069.6 $6,042.5 $6,188.8 $146.3 $399.9
Operations
Abatement Control and $187.3 $198.3 $180.6 $179.2 $198.8 $19.6 $5
Compliance
TOTAL $5,851.2 $5,987.2 $6,250.2 $6,221.7 $6,387.6 $165.9 $400.4
Air Quality & Emissions
Data Management &
Analysis
Program & Research $6,992.1 $7,284.6 $7,522.3 $7,451.1 $8,229.5 $778.4 $944.9
Operations
Abatement Control and $14,849.8 $19,215.1 $18,355.5 $14,450.5 $30,617.4 $16,166.9 $11,402.3
Compliance
TOTAL $21,841.9 $26,499.7 $25,877.8 $21,901.6 $38,846.9 $16,945.3 $12,347.2
TOTAL:
Program & Research $12,656.0 $13,073.5 $13,591.9 $13,493.6 $14,418.3 $924.7 $1,344.8
Operations
Abatement Control and $15,037.1 $19,413.4 $18,536.1 $14,629.7 $30,816.2 $16,186.5 $11,402.8
Compliance
Trends'Monitoring & TOTAL $27,693.1 $32,486.9 $32,128.0 $28,123.3 $45,234.5 $17,111.2 $12,747.6
Progress Assessment
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Ambient Air Quality 85.6 92.4 98.4 96.9 92.8 -4.1 4
Monitoring
Air Quality & Emissions 103.7 106.5 112.5 110.3 112.1 1.8 5.6
Data Management &
Analysis
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 189.3 198.9 210.9 207.2 204.9 -2.3 6.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Ambient Air Quality 93.7 92.4 101.2 99.7 95.5 -4.2 3.1
Monitoring
Air Quality & Emissions 107.3 106.5 116.3 114.1 115.6 1.5 9.1
Data Management &
Analysis
TOTAL WORKYEARS 201.0 198.9 217.5 213.8 211.1 -2.7 12.2
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AIR
TRENDS MONITORING AND PROGRESS ASSESSMENT
Budget Request
The Agency requests-a total of $45,234,500 supported by 211.1 total workyears
for 1996, an increase of $17,111,200 and a decrease of 2.7 workyears from 1995.
Of the request, $14,418,300 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $30,816,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase in the Program and Research
Operations appropriation of $924,700 due to increased workforce costs and an
increase of $16,186,500 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,387,600 supported by 95.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $6,188,800 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $198,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $146,300 for the
Program and Research Operations appropriation for increased workforce costs, a
decrease of 4.2 workyears, and an increase of $19,600 for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
In 1996 EPA will continue to help ensure high quality environmental data are
available to make policy decisions and measure progress towards healthful levels
of air quality. The ten EPA Regional offices will continue liaison and support
to state air monitoring programs including grants review, coordination of
. emission and air quality data bases, and validation of data from the National Air
Monitoring System (NAMS) and the state and Local Air Monitoring System (SLAMS)
data bases. Data analyses including air quality trend information will be
developed as input to the Regional Trend Reports.
In the area of quality assurance, the Regions will carry out on-site systems
audits of state networks and monitors. In addition, the Regional laboratories
will continue to participate in the national air audit program. Particulate
matter (PM-10) monitors established or moved during 1995 will require review and
site visits to verify compliance with EPA air monitoring regulations. As the
Agency moves towards the issuance and implementation of a revised ambient
standard for particulate matter, the Regions will evaluate PM-10 and other
particulate networks and review PM-10 and other ambient data to ensure the
credibility of data critical to future classification determinations and to
identify factors relevant to possible control strategies.
In 1996 Regions will provide technical support to state and local programs in
refining data bases needed for revising state implementation plans (SIPs).
Significant efforts will be directed towards ensuring that ambient data submitted
with state requests to redesignate areas to attainment is complete and fully
validated. During 1996 an estimated 65-75 areas will remain classified as
nonattainment for ozone, and 30-35 for carbon monoxide. The Regions will
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continue to provide active surveillance of the ambient networks for these areas
and will continue to support planning and implementing enhancements to ozone and
precursor networks in areas classified as "serious," "severe," and "extreme."
Regional efforts for 1996 will focus on assisting state and local agencies in
establishing a third site in 18 areas, providing consultation on the acquisition
and operation of state-of-the-art equipment for sampling volatile organic
compounds, assisting in the refinement of quality assurance programs, and
supporting the states in strengthening their programs for analyzing ambient
precursor data.
The Regions will continue limited support of Agency efforts to sample
ambient toxics in the vicinity of the Great Lakes and other major boundary
waters. To address key requirements of Section 815 of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990, the Regions will continue their support to ambient sampling
programs along the U.S.-Mexico border. Support will be provided in five border
areas and will focus on network planning, program oversight, and guidance to
Mexican environmental staff.
Explanation of Change -4.2 FTE +$146.3K (PRO) +$19.6 (AC&C)
Active technical support and assistance to state and local agencies on toxic
pollutant inventories, toxic monitoring methods, siting and data bases and on
special source specific studies will be eliminated. Guidance will be limited to
distribution of existing published materials.
Resources for this program have been transferred to the Tribal Implementation
Assistance and Global Climate Change program elements (-2.0 FTE).
The increase in PRO funding is for increased workforce costs.
1995 Program
In 1995 the Agency is allocating a total of $6,221,700 supported by 99.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,042,500 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $179,200 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1995 the ten EPA Regional offices are continuing liaison and support to
state air monitoring programs including grants review, coordination of emission
and air quality data bases, and validation of data from the NAMS and SLAMS data
bases. Data analyses including air quality trend information will be developed
as input to the Regional Trend Reports.
In the area of quality assurance, the Regions carry out on-site systems audits
of state networks and monitors. In addition, the Regional laboratories continue
to participate in the national air audit program. Particulate matter (PM-10)
monitors established or moved during 1994 will receive site visits to verify
compliance with EPA air monitoring regulations. Reviews of PM-10 ambient data
and sampling frequency will be performed and will include data critical to
classification determinations and identification of possible control strategies.
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In 1995 Regions also will provide monitoring/quality assurance support and
technical assistance to states in evaluating the source impact of specific toxic
air pollutants from sources considered for regulation under state control
programs. Support for state and local toxics efforts in urban areas will
continue with management, coordination, and technical assistance provided to
complete or refine toxics emission data bases and to improve state and local
ambient monitoring capabilities.
Technical support will be provided to state/local programs developing data
bases needed to prepare SIPs. This includes data bases for 90 ozone areas and
40 carbon monoxide areas. During 1995 the Regions expect, to receive state
requests to redesignate as many as 25 of these areas to attainment. The Regions
will support regulatory action on these requests by performing thorough
validation of the supporting ambient data. Significant support will be provided
in planning quality assurance programs and networks for enhanced ozone and
precursor monitoring programs. The Regions will provide support to the
establishment of a second site in 12 of the 22 areas required to operate enhanced
networks (a second site was established in 10 areas in 1994). Regular evaluation
of the carbon monoxide and ozone ambient networks will continue with emphasis on
evaluating those in areas that have been designated as nonattainment since 1991
or have submitted requests for redesignation to attainment. The Regions will
continue to provide quality assurance support to Indian tribes and to assist in
developing tribal monitoring programs. To address key requirements of section
815 of the 1990 amendments, the Regions will support ambient sampling programs
along the U.S. - Mexico border. Support will be provided in five border areas
and focus on network planning, program oversight, monitoring equipment, and
guidance to Mexican environmental staff.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency allocated a total of $5,851,200 supported by 93.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,663,900 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $187,300 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1994 the Regional Offices coordinated the collection, validation and
submission of ambient data with emphasis on areas developing revised SIPs for
ozone and carbon monoxide. Support was provided to the 22 areas establishing
networks for the long-term sampling of ozone and its precursors. Ambient network
support also was directed to identifying air monitoring sites having marginal
utility and towards changes needed to adequately monitor current or projected
areas of ozone and carbon monoxide nonattainment. Support to regulatory efforts
was provided through validation of ambient data bases submitted in support of
redesignation requests. In addition, the Regions assisted states in implementing
network plans for ambient monitoring of PM-10, completing quality assurance plans
necessary to meet EPA requirements, and in updating multi-year plans for
replacement of ambient monitors and related equipment. On-site audits of 270
monitors were conducted including 89 newly established PM-10 samplers. The
Regions also assisted state and local agencies in assessing potential risks from
toxic pollutants through ambient sampling and development of emission
inventories. The Regions also provided quality assurance support to Indian
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tribes and assistance in developing tribal monitoring programs and provided
support to ambient studies in four areas of the U.S - Mexico Border.
Air Quality and Emissions Data Management Analysis
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $38,846,900 supported by 115.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $8,229,400 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $30,617,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $778,400 for the
Program and Research Operations appropriation, an increase of $16,166,900 for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 1.5 workyears
from 1995. The increases in Abatement, Control and Compliance will support the
development of tools to implement a revised National Ambient Air Quality Standard
(NAAQS) for particulate matter as well as support the Working Capital Fund.
In 1996 EPA will continue efforts to provide the technical tools and
information needed to make credible decisions on health and environmental issues.
All three of the Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) Subsystems will
be maintained and user support will be provided. Three additional local agencies
will be provided with access to the Facility Subsystem (AFS). New software to
simplify user update processes and support high priority reports and analyses
will be implemented. Support to users of the Area and Mobile Source subsystem
will be reduced. A limited, multi-year effort to modernize AIRS to use current
technology and facilitate user access and analyses will be continued. Additional
AIRS software to track, summarize, and display air quality and emission data
relating to ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate (PM-10) regulatory programs
will be developed. Pilot demonstrations of new PC-based software to support
state/local operating permits programs will be conducted. EPA's Technology
Transfer Network (TTN) will be enhanced to provide state-of-the-art data transfer
to the air pollution control community. The planned enhancements will allow an
increased number of Bulletin Boards, provide hardware to expand the number of
simultaneous users, and greatly expand download capacity. The data analysis
capabilities of the Regional offices will be strengthened through the acquisition
of computer hardware and software employing current technology.
Support of headquarters, Regional office, and state and local modeling of both
criteria and toxics pollutants will be continued as will ongoing efforts to
evaluate model accuracy and provide refined models and guidance. Limited support
to geographic programs in the vicinity of the Great Lakes and other major
boundary waters will be continued through guidance on sampling, inventories, and
deposition analyses. Support to the development of Maximum Achievable Control
Technology (MACT) standards will be increased from last year's level through
programs to test representative sources and develop test methods. Technical
support to state and local test programs will be continued at reduced levels.
The program will continue to test the emissions of selected criteria and toxic
pollutant sources and publish emission factors and related guidance to support
state control programs. The program also will continue to prepare analyses of
ambient and emission trends, issue status and trends reports, and provide
national oversight of state implementation plan (SIP) ambient monitoring.
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Support will be provided to ambient monitoring, new technology transfer
mechanisms, and developing pollution control strategies for the U.S. - Mexico
border. Analytical support to the accelerated review of the NAAQSs for ozone
will increase with the focus on dispersion analyses and the development of
revised guidance and rules on ambient surveillance. Analytical support to review
of the sulfur dioxide NAAQS will be decreased with resources shifting to the
ongoing review of the NAAQS for ozone.
Technical support to the ozone/carbon monoxide program will be continued and
focus on: 1) technical support to state and local programs to enhance carbon
monoxide, ozone, and ozone precursor monitoring networks; 2) technical reviews
of application documentation prepared to complete urban grid model applications
in 24 ozone areas; 3) national oversight of the development of periodic
inventories, emission reduction inventories, and other data bases required by the
Clean Air Act; and 4) development of volatile organic compound (VOC), nitrogen
oxide and carbon monoxide emission factors.
The program will continue to provide technical support to Regional offices and
state and local agencies in applying PM-10 dispersion and receptor models,
applying PM-10 emission factors and inventory guidance, evaluating monitoring
networks and ambient data, conducting special studies, and applying methods for
testing sources of particulates. Efforts will shift from the analytical support
to the review/revision of the PM-10 NAAQS to initiate new efforts to accelerate
the development of the technical tools required to implement a revised
particulate matter NAAQS. This will include a pilot monitoring network, the
development of interim inventories needed for modeling assessments and the
refinement and application of regional particulate models to evaluate potential
control strategies. A multi-year program to refine and apply dispersion modeling
techniques for evaluating visibility impairment will be expanded. Newly
developed models will be applied and efforts will be initiated to develop
guidance for state use in future regulatory programs to control regional haze.
The request continues programs initiated in 1995 to provide increased quality
assurance of ambient and stationary source measurements to increase the quality
and credibility of ambient and source data used in regulatory decision making.
Explanation of Change 1.5 FTE +$778.4K (PRO) +$16,166.9K (AC&C)
The request increases resources for the initiation of a variety of technical
support activities required for future implementation of a new ambient standard
for particulate matter and for development of MACT standards (1.5 FTE and
$1,623.6K AC&C). These activities include: a pilot monitoring network; the
development of emission estimation and inventory procedures; the refinement and
application of dispersion modeling techniques; preparation of guidance for
state/local application of these techniques; and test support for seven- and ten-
year MACT standards ($3,500.OK). Additional activities supporting the MACT
standards development include: developing measurement protocols for toxic
emissions from each process affected by the MACT standards; providing actual or
estimated toxic emissions for use in determining the MACT standards; and
exploring less costly and more flexible means for industries to demonstrate
continued compliance with the MACT standards. Other initiatives include:
support pilot testing of systems to manage operating permits information by
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permitting authorities; coordinate the upgrade of Regional office analytical
capabilities; and enhance the Agency's TIN to promote greater exchange of air
information ($1,200.OK).
The request reduces support to users of one AIRS subsystem; reduces analytical
support to EPA's review of the NAAQS for PM-10; reduces the level of impact
analyses using the Regional Oxidant Model; reduces support to states and sources
on measurement methods for enhanced compliance monitoring programs; and reduces
efforts to review data in the ozone and carbon monoxide emission data bases (3.0
FTE and $700.OK AC&C). In addition, programs to develop and revise emission
factors for stationary sources of lead will be eliminated (1.8 FTE and $310.OK
AC&C). Test method support to new or revised Control Techniques Guidelines will
be sharply reduced. Programs to develop and revise emission factors for
stationary sources emitting lead will be eliminated. Development of emissions
factors for some new categories of PM-10 emissions in serious nonattainment areas
will be increased ($375.OK)
The resources for the Environmental Technology Initiative have been
transferred from this program element ($1,900.OK).
The request includes $9.5.million for the Headquarters Working Capital Fund
for the Air Media (transferred from the Management Media) . The resources include
the base resources to pay for program postage costs that provide all routine,
day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and includes regular First, Third and Fourth
Class mail; Post Office Express Mail; two-day priority mail; registered and
certified mail and pouch mail; Federal Express overnight mail and United Parcel
Service shipments. The increase will provide for annualization of the February,
1995 postal rate increase of 10.3 percent. For National Data Processing Division
(NDPD) operations, the base dollars provide on-going data processing and
telecommunication services for this Program. These services are classified into
five cost centers: Enterprise Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop
Services, Technical Consulting Services and Scientific Computing Services.
Investment resources will provide the Program's share of depreciation of capital
assets, increased service costs, additional mainframe capacity, investments in
network services and investments in technical consulting services.
Other AC&C increases in this program element will be directed toward
implementing the provisions of the Clean Air Act. Program and Research
Operations increases are for increased workforce costs.
1995 Program
In 1995 the Agency is allocating a total of $21,901,600 supported by 114.1
total workyears for this program, of which $7,451,100 is from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $14,450,500 is from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
In 1995 support for implementation of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
will continue. Emphasis will be placed on providing oversight and technical
guidance on the requirements for modeling and monitoring, and providing technical
support to the ozone/carbon monoxide program and to the toxics program. For the
ozone/carbon monoxide program, implementation support will focus on: review of
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network plans and designs for the establishment of long-term networks for
sampling ozone precursors; provision of technical and operational support to
state/local modeling efforts for both carbon monoxide and ozone areas including
urban grid model applications in 24 ozone nonattainment areas; continuation of
a limited program to apply the Regional Oxidant Model in support of base case
analyses and the impact of controls mandated by the Clean Air Act Amendments of
1990; oversight and tracking of Regional office and state efforts to refine and
approve emission inventories for nonattainment areas including limited data
quality reviews to assure national consistency. Also, efforts continue to
develop comprehensive, long-term procedures and requirements for preparing point
and area source inventories in the future. Major new analytical efforts are
being initiated to support accelerated reviews of the NAAQSs for ozone and for
particulate matter.
Efforts to develop and issue PM-10 emission factors and to support reviews of
the sulfur dioxide NAAQS will continue at reduced activity levels. Support of
headquarters, Regional office and state/local modeling of both criteria and toxic
pollutants will continue as will ongoing efforts to evaluate model accuracy and
provide refined models and guidance. The program also will continue to prepare
analyses of ambient and emission trends, issue status and trends reports, prepare
environmental indicators, and provide national oversight of SIP ambient monitor-
ing.
Air toxics support will be continued and limited to: (1) testing of a small
number of representative sources and development of emission test methods for \
MACT standards; (2) providing technical support to states on test method
application; (3) developing emission factors to support state toxics programs;
and (4) providing guidance on dispersion and screening analyses.
The AIRS Subsystems will be operated and maintained with limited software
.enhancements for the highest priority reporting and analysis requirements. The
program will provide user support of baseline software for storing and retrieving
selected data from operating permits and for tracking key review and approval
events through the AIRS files.
Resources for the Environmental Technology Initiative will be used to support
a variety of cooperative projects with other Federal agencies and the private
sector. These new technologies are designed to lower costs, increase
effectiveness and expand environmental compliance.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency allocated a total of $21,841,900 supported by 107.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,992,100 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $14,849,800 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1994 comprehensive user support and enhanced software was provided to 50
agencies using the AIRS Air Quality Subsystem. Additional emission and
compliance data bases were converted and refined and the baseline software and
files for the AIRS Facility Subsystem were enhanced. AIRS Facility Subsystem x
user training was provided to staff from Regional offices, 14 states, one
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territory and eight local agencies. User support was provided to 52 agencies
using the Facility Subsystem either directly or through batch mode. Support was
provided to future ozone and carbon monoxide SIP revisions through -reviews of
draft inventory components, assistance in preparing data bases and applying grid
and statistical models, and application of Regional Oxidant Modeling analyses to
support the Northeast Ozone Transport Commission and state control strategy
planning by the states. Other major activities included: refinement of the
initial software for storing and managing operating permits information within
AIRS; publication of the Air Quality and Emissions Trend Report for 1992;
implementation support to the development of network designs and the
establishment of ambient monitoring sites for long term sampling of ozone
precursors; development of new PM-10 emission factors for five source
categories; technical support to the Regional offices and states on application
of factors for PM-10 and other pollutants; and emission test support to
headquarters offices developing emission standards and to state and local
agencies in applying test methods. The Agency's TTN, a PC-based system of
Bulletin Boards, was operated and expanded and ended the year with over 12,000
registered users.
Support provided for Air Toxics MACT standards development included:
developing emissions factors, providing emissions testing, and producing Locating
and Estimating documents. Headquarters also developed tools such as monitoring
and initiated analytical efforts such as modeling to support the revision of the
ozone, PM-10, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide National Ambient Air Quality
Standards.
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AIR
Atmospheric Programs
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Acid Rain Program
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Stratospheric Ozone
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Global Change Program
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Atmospheric Programs TOTAL
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Acid Rain Program
Stratospheric Ozone
Global Change Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Acid Rain Program
Stratospheric Ozone
Global Change Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS
$4,046.8
$5,485.2
$9,532.0
$2,193.9
$11,770.0
$13,963.9
$3,333.9
$20,508.8
$23,842.7
$9,574.6
$37,764.0
$47,338.6
55.2
27.9
37.7
120.8
58.3
29.7
41.2
129.2
$4,955.2
$6,309.3
$11,264.5
$2,179.6
$27,440.2
$29,619.8
$7,864.4
$65,872.7
$73,737.1
$14,999.2
$99,622.2
$114,621.4
69.1
39.1
104.9
203.1
69.1
29.1
104.9
203.1
$4,918.0
$6,220.8
$11,138.8
$2,096.7
$20,486.3
$22,583.0
$7,568.7
$46,186.1
$53,754.8
$14,583.4
$72,893.2
$87,476.6
74.1
29.1
104.9
208.1
79.7
29.1
104.9
213.7
$4,864.2
$5,238.0
$10,102.2
$2,051.7
$20,006.5
$22,058.2
$7,566.7
$61,186.1
$68,752.8
$14,482.6
$86,430.6
$100,913.2
72.8
28.2
103.8
204.8
78.4
28.2
103.8
210.4
$5,371.6
$5,815.6
$11,187.2
$2,162.2
$27,436.6
$29,598.8
$9,005.2
$72,925.4
$81,930.6
$16,539.0
$106,177.6
$122,716.6
72.7
28. '5
119.8
221.0
77.9
28.5
119.8
226.2
$507.4
$577.6
$1,085.0
$110.5
$7,430.1
$7,540.6
$1,438.5
$11,739.3
$13,177.8
$2,056.4
$19,747.0
$21,803.4
-1
3
16.0
16.2
-5
3
16.0
15.8
$416.4
-$493.7
-$77.3
-$17.4
-$3.6
-$21.0
$1,140.8
$7,052.7
$8,193.5
$1,539.8
$6,555.4
$8,095.2
3.6
-6
14.9
17.9
8.8
-6
14.9
23.1
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AIR
ATMOSPHERIC PROGRAMS
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $122,716,500 and 226.2 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $21,803,300 and 15.8 total workyears from 1995. Of the
request, $16,538,900 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and $106,177,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,056,300 in the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and an increase of $19,747,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Acid Rain Program
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,187,200 and 77.9 total workyears for the
acid rain program, of which $5,371,600 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $5,815,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $507,400 for Program
and Research Operations; an increase of $577,600 for Abatement, Control and
Compliance; and a decrease of 0.5 total workyears. The decreases reflect
disinvestments in specific program studies, Regional support and the Opt-in
program. The increases reflect enhanced support for S02/NOX compliance
determinations and program assessment and analyses.
The Acid Rain program has the primary implementation responsibility for Title
IV -- and with 1995 being the first year of compliance -- there are major
increases in implementation responsibilities in 1995 and more in 1996. By 1996,
90 percent of the Acid Rain program resources will be devoted to program
implementation (allowance and emissions tracking, monitor certifications and
recertifications, permit approvals and revisions, data system maintenance and
operations, and oversight of -- and assistance to -- states and sources), 7
percent to completing rulemakings (Phase II NOX, Allowance Allocations, revisions
in response to litigation), and 3 percent to fulfilling statutorily mandated
evaluations, studies, and reports.
The workload from December 1995 through June 1996 is expected to increase
significantly. During this period, EPA must:
»• record all trades as companies "true-up" accounts by the January 30
deadline;
»• confirm all allowance account balances;
>• verify all emissions data for 1995;
»• process permit amendments;
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»• review all annual compliance certifications to ensure adherence to complex
Phase I permit options;
> determine "excess emissions" and refer any violations for enforcement
action.
To further automate this annual end-of-year activity, the allowance and
emissions tracking systems need to be enhanced and integrated using state-of-the-
art information technology.
Explanation of Change -0.5 FTE +$507.4K (PRO) +$577.6K (AC&C)
The increase in contract funding will support the Acid Rain program's
implementation of Phase II and enhanced support for S02/NOX compliance
determinations and program assessment and analyses ($1,577.6K AC&C). The Acid
Rain program will be reduced in three areas ($1,000.OK AC&C): participation in
NAPAP and support for the Title IV portion of the section 812 interagency
process; technical and compliance assistance to industry, Regions, state air
agencies and state public utility commissions regarding acid rain permitting,
emission monitor certifications and annual recertifications, and allowance
trading; the Opt-in rule and program for industrial process sources.
The increase in the Program and Research Operations appropriation reflects an
increase in personnel costs.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,102,200 supported by 78.4
total workyears to this program, of which $4,864,200 is from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $5,238,000 is from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
Beginning in 1996, states will be the permitting authorities for most acid
rain affected sources, and Regions will be the primary Federal support for state
actions. They will play major roles in determining the success of the national
acid rain program. State permitting practices today vary, widely from elaborate
operational standards to no permits at all. Implementation of Title V will bring
some standardization to state permitting and Regional oversight, but the national
market-based program under Title IV will require substantial consistency and
oversight by EPA.
To achieve national consistency, in 1995 the acid rain program will initiate
steps to:
1. Create common implementation tools: standardized forms, fact sheets,
reporting formats, computer programs, etc.
2. Provide technical assistance: continuing guidance, on-site training,
electronic bulletin boards, access to trouble-shooting experts, and
training for areas unique to the acid rain program.
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3. Develop communication tools and provide outreach activities such as
newsletters and annual national conferences that foster the building of an
acid rain program "implementation community."
This support will help the states and Regions to build the crucial procedural
and technical capacity necessary to implement a nationally consistent program.
Between January 1, 1995 and May 31, 1996, EPA and states must certify continuous
emissions monitors (CEMs) for over 2000 utility units. In 1996 states will begin
Phase II permitting activities for over 800 affected sources.
In 1995 the program will continue to develop and integrate acid rain data
systems that track hourly emissions data from certified sources and that track
allowance allocations and transfers, including results of the annual auction and
sales.
In 1995 EPA will conduct the annual auction as well as the annual direct sale
of allowances. The Agency will review and approve applications for allowances
from independent power producers, small diesel refineries, and opt-in combustion
sources as well as applications for allowances from the conservation and
renewable energy reserve and for early reduction credits. EPA will review and
act on state requests for delegation of the Phase II permitting program. The
Agency also will offer implementation training to states and industry.
Since 1995 is the first year for compliance with emission limitations, EPA
must design, implement, and communicate procedures for sources to certify
compliance and for EPA to confirm compliance.
In 1995 EPA will propose a Phase II nitrogen oxides (NOx) rule and an opt-in
rule for non-combustion sources. The Agency will continue development of an
ongoing acid rain program evaluation component, and continue participation in the
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program. The acid rain program also will
continue to promote energy conservation and encourage the improvement of energy
efficiency as a compliance strategy. Under the U.S. - Canada Bilateral Air
Quality Accord, the program will report on the progress of the acid rain programs
in both countries.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency obligated a total of $9,532,000 supported by 58.3 total
workyears, of which $4,046,800 was from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $5,485,200 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1994 the major acid rain focus was on implementing the core acid rain
regulations while continuing to develop the NOx and Opt-in regulatory programs.
The final Phase I NOx rule was published on March 22, 1994. In 1994
headquarters, Regional offices and states maintained and developed the capacity
to permit sources, certify monitors and operate the market program. For
Continuous Emissions Monitoring (CEM), the acid rain program provided both
guidance for sources and administrative procedures for Headquarters, Regions, -and
states on alternative monitoring systems and the implementation of certification.
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In 1994 the program reviewed monitoring plans and began certifying in excess of
2,000 CEMs.
In 1994 the acid rain program reviewed and issued Phase I S02 and NOx permits.
All Phase I S02 permits were issued by August 1994. The program also reviewed
the Title IV portion of the Title V permit operating programs from states and
reviewed and approved conservation and renewable energy applications. Further,
the program opened the Allowance Tracking System for recording allowance
transfers and for conducting the annual auction and direct sale of allowances in
March 1994. EPA's annual allowance auctions resulted in total proceeds of $27
million in 1994.
During 1994, the program began the development of the Phase II NOX rule and
the Opt-in rules for non combustion sources. Also, during 1994 the program
continued to develop innovative data systems to receive and record hourly
emissions data from utilities and record all allowance trades within 5 days of
receipt. The data systems are highly visible to the public and essential to full
operation of the national market based program.
Finally, the program conducted outreach to inform affected parties of the
program requirements and to facilitate accurate documentation. A variety of
guidance documents for utilities and public utility commissions were published.
Stratospheric Protection Program
1996 Program Request
In 1996 the Agency requests a total of $29,598,800 and 28.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,162,200 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $27,436,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $110,500 for Program
and Research Operations, an increase of $7,430,100 for Abatement, Control and
Compliance, and a decrease of 0.3 total workyears. The increase in Abatement,
Control and Compliance reflects the Agency's continued commitment to the Montreal
Protocol Multilateral Fund.
The United States has ratified the Montreal Protocol on Substances that
Deplete the Ozone Layer (the Protocol) and both the London and Copenhagen
amendments. Since the inception of the Protocol in 1987, EPA has played a
leadership role in all aspects of this agreement. The Stratospheric Protection
program has lead responsibility for all technical and regulatory aspects of the
Protocol negotiations within the U.S. government. This involves performing
technical studies of key issues, reviewing applications for essential uses,
drafting position papers, and coordinating position development with interested
industries and environmental groups and Congressional staff.
The Stratospheric Protection program also implements and enforces rules as
required under Title VI of the Clean Air Act. This title requires a number of
specific regulations in the area of production limits, recycling, labeling,
product bans, and review and approval of alternatives.
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In 1996 the program will continue to lead U.S. efforts in Protocol
negotiations; will prepare needed assessments to guide such efforts; will
continue to issue regulations under Title VI; and, will implement existing
regulations to achieve the smoothest possible phase-out of ozone depleting
substances. In 1996, any problems associated with the accelerated phase-out are
most likely to surface (i.e., when consumers and companies will most likely
experience the adverse impacts of the phase-out). The need to support industry
and consumer efforts to shift to alternatives will be even more critical in 1996
once production of CFCs and methyl chloroform ends at the end of 1995.
The Montreal Protocol Multilateral Fund provides financial assistance to
developing countries to help pay for meeting the incremental costs of shifting
away from ozone-depleting chemicals. Currently, over 90 developing countries
have become Parties to the Protocol. In 1996 EPA requests $24 million dollars
for the Fund.
The next major Montreal Protocol meeting will be late in 1995 and will address
the following critical issues:
»• the phase-out dates for HCFCs
»• possible use restrictions on HCFCs
>• additional controls on methyl bromide
»• phase-out schedules for developing countries and possible changes to rules
governing the Multilateral Fund.
The first three of these critical decisions must then be implemented through
rulemaking in our domestic regulations during 1996. Since HCFCs are used in
almost all the same sectors as CFCs and halons (e.g., foam, solvents,
refrigeration, fire extinguishing, etc.), we will need to maintain expertise
across these sectors in order to successfully complete these changes in existing
regulations.
Second, in addition to any changes in the rules governing the schedule for
production phase-outs of HCFCs and methyl bromide, EPA is required under section
612 to evaluate alternatives to HCFCs and.methyl bromide to determine the health
and environmental acceptability of the proposed alternatives. The completion of
this review, which is conducted on a sector and use specific basis, will be
critical to a smooth transition away from these compounds. The same review of
alternatives under section 612 will be required for methyl bromide and involves
substitutes for agricultural sectors that have not yet been evaluated in the
context of rulemakings to date.
Title VI also requires labeling of products manufactured with HCFCs. To the
extent that alternatives are potentially available for uses of HCFCs, EPA must
require warning labels on products made with (or manufactured with) such
substances under section 611. The extension of section 611 rules to include
HCFCs as required will have a substantial impact in speeding the shift away from
these ozone-depleting substances.
Third, the program will continue to maintain a leadership role under the
Montreal Protocol. Currently the program co-chairs several Protocol technical
and economic committees which provide technical reports on key issues. In the
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past, the critical role we have played in these periodic assessments has laid the
foundation for Protocol changes consistent with U.S. policy objectives.
To date, the Montreal Protocol Multilateral Fund has financed over 400
activities in 56 developing countries. When fully implemented, these activities
will result in the annual prevention of over 30,000 tons of ozone depleting
substance emissions, thereby protecting the environment and helping developing
countries comply with Protocol provisions. These investments have also produced
substantial benefits for U.S. companies that have developed and are marketing
alternatives to ozone-depleting substances on a global basis.
Fourth, the program will work closely with affected industries and consumers
who may not have adequately anticipated the end of production of CFCs and methyl
chloroform at the end of 1995. EPA will expand outreach efforts to inform these
groups of their options for continued use of existing equipment and for
retrofitting or replacing that equipment.
Finally, the program will complete rules required under sections 608 and 609
of the Clean Air Act that require recycling of MFCs used as refrigerants. These
actions are an important element of efforts to limit global warming gases
consistent with the President's climate change action plan.
Explanation of Change -0.3 FTE +$110.5K (PRO) +$7,430.IK (AC&C)
•Program activities related to HCFC recycling and emission reduction
requirements in air conditioning and refrigeration equipment will be reduced.
Since the core recycling rules have been promulgated, current activities are
focused on resolving legal challenges, updating standards to reflect
technological changes, evaluating program effectiveness, supporting compliance
and enforcement, and evaluating additional measures to further reduce emissions.
In addition, resource support for existing recycling rules on autos and
stationary refrigeration and air conditioning equipment will be reduced.
Methyl bromide is scheduled for a production phase out in 2001. It is widely
used in Florida and California for such crops as strawberries and tomatoes. It
is also required for use by USDA as a quarantine fumigant for most agricultural
goods. In 1996 EPA will support cooperative efforts with key grower groups to
evaluate alternatives to methyl bromide ($500.OK). This research is critical to
efforts to support a production phase-out in 2001. In the absence of such
support to key grower groups, commodity production after a phase-out could
suffer, if alternatives are not developed and tested in a timely manner.
Finally, the EPA request for the Multilateral Fund will be increased by
$7,000,000.
The increase in the Program and Research Operations appropriation reflects an
increase in personnel costs.
1995 Program
In 1995 the Agency is allocating a total of $22,058,200 supported by 28.2
total workyears to this program, of which $2,051,700 is from the Program and
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Research Operations appropriation and $20,006,500 is from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
A major focus of the 1995 program will be support of activities for minimizing
the impact of the January 1, 1996 phase-out of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), methyl
chloroform (MCF), and carbon tetrachloride and activities related to the phase-
out of Class II substances. As the phase-out date for many ozone-depleting
substances approaches, EPA must work closely with user industries facing problems
in meeting these deadlines and must promote recycling and retrofitting existing
equipment that requires CFCs for servicing.
The program will continue to serve as the coordinating and analytical nexus
for review of requests for essential use exemptions under the Montreal Protocol.
This will require an on-going assessment of the status of key alternatives and
close interaction with user industries as well as the international community.
The European Community has adopted a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) phase-out
deadline of 2015, 15 years earlier than the Montreal Protocol agreement reached
in 1992 and adopted as part of EPA regulations. In 1995 EPA will work with key
industry sectors reliant on HCFCs to accelerate their efforts to find and shift
to alternatives. This effort will also provide information for use in
implementing section 612, the Significant New Alternatives Program (SNAP) for
HCFC uses. Publication of a SNAP listing for HCFC uses will be an important
element of facilitating the phase-out of these Class II compounds.
EPA will continue to monitor the development of alternatives to methyl
bromide, and to assess needed research for alternatives. This effort will
require coordination across offices within the Agency as well as with the
Department of Agriculture.
In 1995 EPA also will initiate activities related to promulgation of
hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) regulations required under sections 608 and 609 of the
Clean Air Act to reduce emissions of these global warming compounds. These rules
are among the few specific regulatory measures that could contribute to meeting
the President's goal of climate stabilization by the year 2000. EPA will begin
to develop HFC-134a standards for recycling equipment and technician
certification and begin developing proposed regulations in these areas.
Recycling could reduce emissions of HFC-134a and other HFC refrigerants by as
much as 50 percent.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency obligated a total of $13,963,900 supported by 29.7 total
workyears, of which $2,193,900 was from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $11,770,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1994 the Stratospheric Protection program expanded outreach activities.
Outreach activities are critical to a smooth transition out of
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and methyl chloroform in 1996. The goal of the
outreach program is to assist small companies and industries in shifting out of
the use of ozone depleting substances. The program increased efforts to minimize
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impacts of a phaseout on existing capital equipment by encouraging timely shifts
to retrofits or replacements. In addition, the program continued to develop
guidance materials on the phaseout of CFCs and other ozone depleting substances.
Another important aspect of outreach activities was to continue assessment and
development of a national index informing the public on a regular basis of levels
of UV radiation.
In 1994 the program provided financial and technical assistance to developing
countries. This assistance, which is part of the U.S. contribution to the
Montreal Protocol Multilateral Fund, aids efforts by government and industry in
developing countries to phaseout the use of ozone-depleting substances.
The Significant New Alternatives Program (SNAP) program, required under the
Clean Air Act, reviewed the environmental and health effects of safe substitutes
to be used in place of ozone depleting substances. The program developed a
comprehensive evaluation of developing substitutes, and examined the
environmental benefits and hazards of using (or not using) substitute chemicals.
A list of safe substitutes was developed and will be made available to industry
as they begin to transition out of the use of ozone depleting substances. The
program also worked to remove institutional/regulatory roadblocks to allow full
implementation of CFG alternatives by reforming standards and codes currently
restricting the use of promising alternative refrigerants, foam blowing agents,
solvents and halons. In addition, research continued in the investigation of
alternative pesticides for methyl bromide. Finally, a program was established
to ensure that Federal procurement policy specifies the use of energy efficient,
CFC-free technology that is cost effective.
Global Change Program
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $81,930,600 and 119.8 total workyears for this
program, of which $9,005,200 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $72,925,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,438,500 for Program and
Research Operations; an increase of $11,739,300 for Abatement, Control and
Compliance; and an increase of 16.0 total workyears. The increases enhance
voluntary, profitable, energy-efficiency programs that support achievement of
Clean Air Act goals by enhancing the operation of free markets.
Energy-efficient technologies can dramatically reduce energy consumption and
prevent pollution while delivering better products to the marketplace and
increasing the competitiveness of U.S. businesses. In addition to preventing the
emission of air pollutants, saving energy through energy-efficient products also
reduces environmental damage caused by the mining and transportation of fuels
(e.g., strip mine damage, acid mine damage, natural gas leakage, etc.) and by the
disposal of utility wastes (e.g., boiler ash, scrubber waste, and spent nuclear
fuel).
EPA will prevent pollution through voluntary profitable public-private
partnerships, including Green Lights, Energy Star Computers, Energy Star
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Buildings, Energy Star Transformers, Natural Gas Star, AgStar, Landfill Outreach
and Coalbed Methane Outreach, Voluntary Aluminum and residential programs.
In 1996 the Global Change program will:
»• Increase Green Lights participants significantly
* Market Energy Star Buildings to Green Lights partners, with a goal of
enrolling more than a billion square feet of space in the program
>• Expand the Energy Star Building program to buildings with roof top units
> Establish Energy Star programs for commercial lighting equipment
»• Implement Energy Star programs (computers, fax machines, transformers)
> Develop an Energy Star billing program with utilities providing energy
conservation and relative consumption information in consumers' bills
>• Launch the Energy Star Home program
»• Launch Energy Star residential product identification initiatives for
lighting, heating, air conditioning & ventilation, water heating and
appliances.
»• Develop secondary markets for financing energy efficiency upgrades in homes
* Expand Energy Star Building marketing
>• Increase the energy efficiency gains made by the Energy Star Computers
program
»• Expand Golden Carrot activities in the area of lighting, HVAC, and other
equipment
»• Expand Natural Gas Star with producers
»• Expand efforts to utilize waste heat in cooling
> Integrate indoor air issues into the Energy Star Building program
»• Expand AgStar demonstrations to ten major farming areas
* Increase penetration of advanced technology for Green Lights partners,
including 'dimming ballasts and occupancy sensors
f Develop a process to allow co-generation facilities to be rapidly
established
»• Support of coal bed methane extraction agreements and sales to utilities
of electricity
>• Support of utilization of methane from landfills for smaller communities
and regulatory reform to achieve fair prices
»• Expand the voluntary aluminum program
Explanation of Change +16.0 FTE +$1,438.4K (PRO) +$11,739.3K (AC&C)
The workyear increase supports the Regional implementation of the Agency's
Climate Change Risk Reduction goal through expansion of marketing efforts to
smaller entities such as schools, small businesses, etc. and Regional assistance
to states in developing guidance and implementing voluntary public-private
partnerships on a state level. Providing support to the Regions and states will
ensure continued progress towards the President's Climate Change Action Plan to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000. The increase
in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation will support:
»• expansion in the Green Lights and Energy Star Buildings programs to local
distribution networks
»• increased focus on replacing CFCs and HFCs with alternatives that have low
global warming potential and are more energy efficient
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>• increased consumer recognition of energy efficient pollution prevention
products
»• greater incorporation of profitable pollution prevention programs into
sustaining air quality goals, and
> export and joint implementation opportunities for U.S. companies.
1995 Program
In 1995 the Agency is allocating a total of $68,752,800 supported by 103.8
total workyears to this program, of which $7,566,700 is from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $61,186,100 is from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
In 1995 EPA will emphasize five areas. First, the Agency will expand
marketing and implementation of the Green Lights program. Green Lights is a
voluntary program for installing energy-efficient lighting wherever it is
profitable. Program expansion will include accelerated efforts to bring the
advantages of Green Lights to small businesses, hospitals, universities, and
retail stores through an expanded outreach program. These programs will leverage
EPA efforts by multiplying the number of people and level of assistance available
to Green Lights partners and increase the success level of program
implementation. The organizations will work at the "grass roots" level to
provide local implementation support to partners while creating private sector
j obs.
Second, EPA will expand marketing and implementation of the Energy Star
Buildings Program (energy-efficient heating, ventilation, air conditioning and
transformers). Under this expansion, the Energy Star Buildings program will
evolve from the technology development and program marketing phase into the early
implementation phase. As part of this initiative, EPA will develop and refine
technical guidance necessary to achieve maximum profitable energy efficiency
gains by program participants, and provide customized technical assistance to
program participants. Twenty-five showcase buildings will be upgraded in
partnership with private industry and governments based on voluntary contracts
signed by our partners.
Third, EPA will launch new Energy Star programs. The programs will include
Energy Star Fax Machines, Energy Star Copiers, Energy Star Transformers, and
other Energy Star Commercial & Residential technologies. The Energy Star Fax
Machine program was launched in October of 1994. As of December 1994, partners
represent 60%+ of U.S. sales.
Fourth, EPA will develop residential energy efficiency programs in
coordination with the Department of Energy (DOE). "Market Pull" programs will
accelerate the introduction (and lower the cost) of energy efficient appliance
and housing features while supporting DOE regulation development. Work will be
done to expand financing mechanisms available to the residential sector in
existing and new housing, with the goal of not just increasing profitable
pollution prevention but of expanding the affordability of housing and the size
of the new housing market. A new EPA billing initiative will recruit utility
partners to provide continuous relative energy consumption information to
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residential customers. In addition, EPA will work to establish state home Energy
Rating programs.
And finally, EPA will expand initiatives to reduce methane emissions in a
cost-effective manner. Methane contributes about 12 percent of the U.S.
greenhouse gas emissions. Since methane has energy value, its emission to the
air is equivalent to energy evaporating before use. Methane is also 22 times
more potent in contributing to global warming than carbon dioxide (C02) . The EPA
initiatives will include reducing emissions from coal mining, natural gas systems
(e.g., Natural Gas Star, a program to promote profitable "best management
practices" for reducing methane emissions from the natural gas industry),
landfills, livestock (e.g., AgStar, a partnership effort with dairy, and swine
farmers to supplement on-farm energy needs with methane produced from animal
manure), and ruminant livestock. The methane program will accelerate
implementation in each area through technical support to current and potential
program participants. This initiative will help assure maximum reduction of
methane emissions by the year 2000. EPA will work with manufacturers and users
of HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) and other fluorinated chemicals that have high
global warming potential and that may be substituted through voluntary cost
effective means.
Congressional Directives: A total of $300,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project of Methane Energy - Agriculture Development Project.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency obligated a total of $23,842,700 supported by 41.2 total
workyears to this program, of which $3,333,900 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $20,508,800 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
During the past two years the Global Change program has launched highly
successful pollution prevention programs. The programs are voluntary, profitable
partnerships between the private sector and the Federal government.
In 1994 the Green Lights program, a voluntary program for installing energy-
efficient lighting wherever it is profitable, expanded its marketing and
implementation efforts with non-profit organizations, such as universities,
hospitals, cities and local governments. Expanded activities included: 1)
increasing marketing/recruiting efforts; 2) developing tools and materials that
address concerns, operating structure and the unique missions of non-profits
(e.g., addressing financing of efficiency upgrades for non-profits); 3)
implementing support to complete lighting upgrades in the most efficient manner.
As of September 30, 1994, EPA had recruited a total of over 1,600 Green Lights
participants -- 403 new participants in 1994. In total, participants represent
a commitment of 4.4 billion square feet to the Green Lights program.
In the area of energy productivity and pollution prevention, a series of
programs including Energy Star Buildings (heating, ventilation and air
conditioning), Energy Star Computers, and Residential (e.g. "Golden Carrot")
programs focused on increasing the productivity of energy systems wherever
profitable. Agreements with Utility Allies regarding Green Lights cover
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utilities responsible for 20% of American households. In 1994, EPA launched the
Energy Star Showcase Buildings program with 25 charter organizations -- expecting
a 40% reduction in energy usage through accelerated upgrades. The program
anticipates a major increase in electronics used for fan and motor speed control
in ventilating and air conditioning systems, significant price reductions in
energy efficient building equipment, and an expansion of manufacturing capacity
for energy efficient products.
The Energy Star Computers program targeted a community-based outreach program
to local vendors and users of computer equipment. Up to one-third of all
computer equipment is bought and sold in small retail outlets. In 1994, EPA
recruited to the Energy Star Computers program more than 300 computer and monitor
manufacturers (representing 80%+ of the U.S. computer market); more than 45
printer manufacturers (representing more than 90% of U.S. sales).
In the residential sector, we initiated work with appliance manufacturers,
builders, utilities, leaders and vendors to develop: innovative financing
mechanisms; product identification and public education to promote advanced space
conditioning systems, water heating systems, increased insulation, and a number
of additional residential technologies (using both electricity and natural gas).
These efforts will build on the success of the EPA's support for the super-
efficient refrigeration program. In this effort, EPA leveraged $30 million of
utility funding support to help transfer the market to more efficient
refrigerators.
In 1994 the methane program launched 4 new methane programs -- AgStar,
Ruminant Livestock Methane, Landfill and Coalbed Methane Outreach. In addition,
the methane program expanded Natural Gas Star programs to more than 30 corporate
partners representing 53% of transmission company pipelines by mileage, 20% of
distribution company pipeline by mileage, and 35% of all service connections.
The coal mines component of the methane program is aimed at enhancing methane
capture in Appalachia during coal mining. The natural gas program is a voluntary
effort with industry that is aimed at accelerating investments to reduce
emissions during gas transport and distribution in the U.S. and increased exports
to the former Soviet Union of this technology. The agricultural wastes component
is focused on accelerating farmer use of waste as an energy source by investing
in collection systems and generators and/or absorption refrigeration. The
livestock program is aimed at partitioning carbon to useful products (milk and
meat) by nutritional supplements and/or range improvements. The landfill program
helps communities meet local energy demand and the need for acceptable landfills
by creating a recovery industry profitable for these communities. The Landfill
Methane Outreach Program when launched included 8 state allies and 11 utility
allies who are committed to working with EPA to encourage the development of
landfill gas energy recovery. Work began in 1994 with manufacturers and users
of HFCs and other fluorinated greenhouse gases to encourage prompt reductions in
the manufacture and/or use of these materials through cooperative, voluntary
partnerships.
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AIR
Indoor Air Programs
PROGRAM
Indoor Air Programs
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Indoor Air Programs TOTAL
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Indoor Air Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL VIORKYEARS
Indoor Air Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$1,988.8
$3,761.4
$5,750.2
$1,988.8
$3,761.4
$5,750.2
26.2
26.2
27.4
27.4
$2,136.7
$4,814.7
$6,951.4
$2,136.7
$4,814.7
$6,951.4
30.7
30.7
30.7
30.7
$2,106.2
$4,241.4
$6,347.6
$2,106.2
$4,241.4
$6,347.6
30.7
30.7
30.7
30.7
$2,093.0
$3,991.4
$6,084.4
$2,093.0
$3,991.4
$6,084.4
30.3
30.3
30.3
30.3
$2,257.7
$4,792.7
$7,050.4
$2,257.7
$4,792.7
$7,050.4
30.7
30.7
30.7
30.7
$164.7
$801.3
$966.0
$164.7
$801.3
$966.0
4
4
4
4
$121.0
-$22.0
$99.0
$121.0
-$22.0
$99.0
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AIR
INDOOR AIR PROGRAM
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,050,400 and 30.7 total workyears for 1996.
Of the request, $2,257,700 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and $4,792,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of 0.4 FTE, an increase of $164,700
in the Program and Research Operations appropriation, and an increase of $801,300
for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Indoor Air Program
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,050,400 and 30.7 total workyears for 1996.
Of the request, $2,257,700 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and $4,792,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of 0.4 FTE, an increase of $164,700
in the Program and Research Operations appropriation, and an increase of $801,300
for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Comparative risk studies performed by EPA and its Science Advisory Board have
consistently ranked indoor air pollution among the top five environmental risks
to public health. Consistent with EPA's national environmental goal to ensure
safer indoor environments for residential, work, and recreational life by
developing and implementing strategies to minimize health risks from all indoor
air contaminants, EPA will continue to work in close cooperation with other
Federal agencies and the private sector to improve the quality of indoor
environments. The Agency's primary strategy is to use voluntary partnerships and
technology transfer to improve the way in which buildings are designed, operated,
and maintained. The Agency also will strive to integrate indoor air issues into
the Energy Star Building program.
For 1996 indoor air program priorities include: 1) expanding the Building Air
Quality Alliance voluntary partnership program established in 1995; 2) continuing
to acquire and analyze building performance data during the third year of field
measurements planned for the multi-year BASE (Building Assessment Survey and
Evaluation) project; 3) expanding training and outreach to targeted indoor air
audiences, with special emphasis on school facility personnel. The Building Air
Quality Alliance will enter its second year. Active recruitment efforts,
building on the successful experiences of the first wave of voluntary building
partners, will yield a significant number of new participants. Alliance
activities will include: developing additional economic and market incentives
to encourage building operators to improve indoor air quality; providing
recognition to buildings that have become Building Partners; evaluating the
experience of Building Partners to refine program guidance and promote wider
adoption of best practices; and exploring ways to franchise program management
to permit broader participation. The indoor air quality clearinghouse (IAQ INFO)
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will continue to provide live-operator assistance to a broad spectrum of callers,
adding new features, as appropriate, to facilitate better access.
Other activities continuing into 1996 include: active support of public and
environmental health organizations interested in reducing indoor air-related
health risks by providing information about exposure reduction strategies to
their constituencies; participation in intra- and inter-agency efforts to
identify and characterize significant sources of indoor air pollution; program
and staff support for the Federal interagency Committee on Indoor Air Quality;
and continued development of Regional indoor air quality programs. The Agency
will track selected environmental indicators to show measurable results from
major program activities. Measurable targets include: increase the proportion
of the population covered by Federal, state, or local smoking legislation in the
workplace environments, schools, and daycare facilities; reduce the proportion
of children under the age of six who are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke
(ETS) in their homes; enlist 10 showcase building partners; and increase the
number of members in the indoor air quality partnership program.
In 1996 Regional indoor air quality programs will assume increasing
responsibilities for critical activities. The Regional offices will play a major
role in recruiting additional building partners to join the Alliance voluntary
partnership program, and in managing the agreements that govern their
participation in the program. Regional indoor air staff will work actively with
their states, and with other governmental and nongovernmental organizations
within their Regions, to identify indoor air-related health risks of specific
concern, and provide leadership in galvanizing the resources available to address
them. Audiences specially targeted for public awareness campaigns, literature
development and distribution, guidance document dissemination, training course
delivery, and related outreach efforts will include: schools personnel; health
professionals; environmental and public health officials; building-related
personnel; and providers of services delivered indoors to children and other
sensitive populations.
Explanation of Change +0.4 FTE + $164.7K (PRO) + $801.3K (AC&C)
The increase of $801,300 will allow for full implementation of the Indoor
Air's Building Air Quality Alliance and BASE program. The $164,700 increase in
the Program and Research Operations appropriation reflects increased workforce
costs.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $6,084,400 and 30.3 total workyears for
this program, of which $2,093,000 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $3,991,400 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
For 1995 indoor air program priorities include: 1) establishing the
Building Air Quality Alliance voluntary partnership program and the support
components required to implement it; 2) promoting widespread adoption of a-new
EPA guide for preventing and resolving indoor air quality problems in schools;
3) expanding the range of available indoor air quality training courses to
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include training for school personnel, targeted courses for facility managers who
are responsible for indoor air quality, hands-on training for making and
interpreting indoor air measurements, and specific courses on the role of
building equipment and systems on indoor air quality; and 4) continuing to add
measurement data from randomly selected buildings nationwide to the BASE
project's growing database, and initiating a specific BASE component for schools.
In addition, the indoor air quality clearinghouse (IAQ INFO) continues to offer
assistance to a broad spectrum of callers through live operators who provide
information and referrals aided by a comprehensive database of indoor air
literature and organizational profiles. Studies to refine the cost of indoor air
quality controls are moving to a conclusion; joint sponsorship of source
characterization projects continue to add to our understanding of key indoor air
sources; and the interagency Committee on Indoor Air Quality continues to meet,
relying on the assistance of EPA resource and staff support.
In 1995 Regional indoor air quality programs are pursuing outreach and
capability building activities. Considerable attention is being given to:
creating information networks of organizations that address indoor air concerns;
raising public awareness about environmental tobacco smoke; reducing exposure to
harmful combustion pollutants such as carbon monoxide in residences and indoor
recreation facilities; and, ensuring that training opportunities are made
available to state and local officials and others for whom indoor air quality
issues pose a challenge.
1994 Program
The Agency allocated a total of $5,750,200 and 27.4 total workyears for this
program, of which $1,988,800 was from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $3,761,400 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
A major initiative in 1994 was the development of the Building Air Quality
Alliance, a voluntary building partnership program designed to improve indoor air
quality in public and commercial buildings nationwide. EPA worked in partnership
with more than 50 outside groups, including other Federal agencies, professional
and trade associations with an interest in indoor air quality, and environmental
and public health groups to design the program. The program is comprised of two
key groups: Alliance Members, who are national not-for-profit groups or
governmental entities interested in improved indoor air quality; and Building
Partners, those building owners or managers who voluntarily commit to implement
a set of indoor air quality management actions. Building Partners receive public
recognition of their efforts, as well as improved health and productivity for
their building occupants.
In 1994 the indoor air program continued to develop arid refine training
programs and other outreach strategies to ensure that key audiences understand
and implement core guidance on improving indoor air quality. Audiences targeted
with specific guidance documents and training or outreach programs included
building operating engineers, physicians and other health care professionals,
government officials and private sector individuals with responsibility for
indoor air quality matters, and decision-makers responsible for implementing
smoking policies in indoor spaces.
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Public sector training continued to receive attention as states and localities
pursued the development of staff capabilities to solve indoor air quality
problems. Building on regional training approaches initiated in 1992 and
expanded in 1993, delivery of training to public sector environmental health
officials, to owners and managers of public and commercial buildings, and to
other related indoor air quality professionals was continued.
The public information brochure, What You Can Do About Secondhand Smoke, was
the centerpiece of a campaign to inform the public about the health hazards posed
by ETS in indoor air. The Agency focused on children, minorities and other high
risk populations to communicate about the documented health risks posed by ETS
exposure, and worked through public and environmental health organizations to
encourage action by parents, institutions, and state and local governments on ETS
and other indoor air issues. The Agency also completed a preliminary cost-
benefit analysis of the Smoke-Free Environment Act in response to a Congressional
request from the House Committee on Energy and Commerce.
Data collected for the BASE program included environmental measurements, an
occupant questionnaire, and characterization of the ventilation system and the
building. Data collected on laptop computers in the field were entered into a
publicly accessible database. The objective of this activity is to enable the
indoor air community to improve guidance on building design, construction,
operation, and maintenance, and to develop distributions of indoor air
quality/building/ventilation characteristics, baseline symptom rates, and
occupant perceptions.
Development of the source ranking database was completed, facilitating
archiving and retrieval of exposure, formulary, and risk information for the
range of commercial products that are sources of indoor air pollutants. The
database allows the Agency to determine priority product classes, by using
exposures and risk, for further efforts to manage sources. The results of
limited testing of paints and coatings was used to perform a preliminary risk
assessment for the use of these products.
In 1994 EPA Regional offices continued .to refine their indoor air programs by
working with their states to identify opportunities for increased outreach,
education, training, and coordination. Training courses for environmental and
public health officials, for building owners and facility operators, and for
other audiences targeted by the indoor air program were available for delivery
through the Regional offices, Regional training centers, and other suitable
organizations. Regional offices assisted key organizations, both public and
private, within their Regions, to increase awareness about indoor air quality
problems and solutions.
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AIR
Working Capital Fund - Air
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Working Capital Fund -
Air
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and
Compliance
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
$1,951.2 $1,951.2 $1,951.2
$1,951.2 $1,951.2 $1,951.2
$1,951.2 $1,951.2 $1,951.2
Working Capital Fund -
Air
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Working Capital Fund -
Air
TOTAL WORKYEARS
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AIR
WORKING CAPITAL FUND-AIR
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,951,200 for this program, all of which is
for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This is a new program
element in 1996.
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,951,200 for this program, all of which is
for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This is an increase of
$1,951,200 for this program. This is a new program element in 1996; these
resources were formerly in the Management media.
This program element contains resources for the Regional Working Capital Fund
for the Air Media. The resources include the base resources to pay for program
postage costs that provide all routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and
includes regular First, Third, and Fourth Class mail; Post Office Express Mail;
two-day priority mail; registered and certified mail and pouch mail; Federal
Express overnight mail; and United Parcel Service shipments. The increase will
provide for annualization of the February, 1995 postal rate increase of 10.3
percent. For the National Data Processing Division (NDPD) operations, the base
dollars provide an on-going data processing and telecommunication services for
this program. These services are classified into five cost centers: Enterprise
Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical Consulting
Services, and Scientific Computing Services. Investment resources will provide
the program's share of depreciation of capital assets, increased service costs,
additional mainframe capacity, investments in network services and investments
in technical consulting services.
Explanation of Change +$ 1.951.2K (AC&C)
This program element contains resources for the Regional Working Capital
Fund for the Air Media. The resources include the base resources to pay for
program postage costs that provide all routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services
and includes regular First, Third and Fourth Class mail; Post Office Express
Mail; two-day priority mail; registered and certified mail and pouch mail;
Federal Express overnight mail; and United Parcel Service shipments. The
increase will provide for annualization of the February, 1995 postal rate
increase of 10.3 percent. For NDPD operations, the base dollars provide an on-
going data processing and telecommunication services for this program. These
services are classified into five cost centers: Enterprise Computing Services,
Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical Consulting Services and Scientific
Computing Services. Investment resources will provide the program's share of
depreciation of capital assets, increased service costs, additional mainframe
capacity, investments in network services and investments in technical consulting
services.
1995 Program
This is a new program element for 1996.
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AIR
Stationary Source Enforcement
PROGRAM
Stationary Source
Enforcement
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Stationary Source TOTAL
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Stationary Source
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$20,807.3
$3,318.2
$24,125.5
$20,807.3
$3,318.2
$24,125.5
334.3
334.3
$19,737.2
$1,032.4
$20,769.6
$19,737.2
$1,032.4
$20,769.6
315.1
315.1
$19,364.4
$953.3
$20,317.7
$19,364.4
$953.3
$20,317.7
315.4
315.4
$19,351.2
$945.9
$20,297.1
$19,351.2
$945.9
$20,297.1
311.7
311.7
$23,238.1
$1,020.8
$24,258.9
$23,238.1
$1,020.8
$24,258.9
320.2
320.2
$3,886.9
$74.9
$3,961.8
$3,886.9
$74.9
$3,961.8
8.5
8.5
$3,500.9
-$11.6
$3,489.3
$3,500.9
-$11.6
$3,489.3
5.1
5.1
Stationary Source 345.7 315.1 319.8 316.1 324.3 8.2 9.2
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS 345.7 315.1 , 319.8 316.1 324.3 8.2 9.2
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AIR
STATIONARY SOURCE ENFORCEMENT
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $24,258,900 supported by 324.3 total workyears
for 1996, an increase of $3,961,800 and 8.2 total workyears from 1995. Of the
request, $23,238,100 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $1,020,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase in the Program and Research
Operations appropriation of $3,886,900 and an decrease of $74,900 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Stationary Source Enforcement
1996 Proferam Request
The Agency requests a total of $24,258,900 supported by 324.3 total workyears
for 1996, an increase of $3,961,800 and an increase of 8.2 total workyears from
1995. Of the request, $23,238,100 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $1,020,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase in the Program and
Research Operations appropriation of $3,886,900 and an increase of $74,900 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The decrease of 8.2 total
workyears reflects an investment in the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) Title V
operating permits program and the air toxics program. All the resources for the
Stationary Source Enforcement program are located in the Regions.
This program manages and supports the implementation of a national air
compliance and enforcement program primarily through operations in each of the
ten EPA Regional Offices. The program ensures attainment and maintenance of
ambient standards for Clean Air Act (CAA) criteria and toxic pollutants and
ensures the reduction of hazardous air emissions. Regional Offices enforce the
stationary sources requirements of state implementation plans (SIPs) , New Source
Performance Standards (NSPS) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants (NESHAPS) , Acid Deposition Control and Stratospheric Ozone Protection.
Their compliance monitoring and enforcement efforts are focused on major
stationary sources in nonattainment areas, on new sources, and on problem sources
in attainment areas. The regional program supports and supplements the efforts
of state and local air pollution control agencies.
In 1996, the Stationary Source Enforcement program will support achievement
of several of the Agency goals identified as priorities in the President's Budget
request, particularly ecosystem protection and clean air. These environmental
goals will be supported by this budget request and will encourage environmental
accountability in the regulated community.
The two most important air program priorities in 1996 are implementation of
the Title V operating permit program and the hazardous air pollutant (air toxics)
programs under Title III of the Clean Air Act. In particular, the Agency will
continue its review of state/local Title V program submissions to ensure that
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they include all requirements applicable to the permitted source, including
compliance plans. The Regions will train state and local officials on Title V
requirements. To fund this new emphasis, the Regions will shift some resources
from chlorofluorocarbon (CFG) compliance and enforcement and asbestos demolition
and renovation. The Regions will continue, at a reduced level, the CFC
compliance program and asbestos enforcement by targeted inspections of sources
and follow-up enforcement actions.
In 1996, the air program will ramp-up to enforce several new air toxics
standards designed to reduce the emissions of some of the most harmful air
pollutants. The new standards will effect standards will affect dry cleaners
(25,000 sources), degreasers (50,000 sources), coke ovens, synthetic organic
chemical manufacturers (300 sources), aerospace industry, chromium
electroplaters, commercial sterilizers and petroleum refineries. The regional
air program will educate the state and local permitting authorities on the new
requirements, educate sources and provide technical assistance to aid them in
achieving compliance, and target enforcement actions where appropriate to deter
noncompliance. In addition, the regions will also continue their implementation
of the acid rain program.
In 1996, the Regions will implement strategies for addressing multi-state and
multi-program violators of the CAA amendment requirements and for corporate-wide
patterns of non-compliance.
The Regions will continue to explore multi-media environmental problems via
their inspection/enforcement actions. The Regions will also analyze major
sources and their compliance practices including steps that manufacturers have
taken in the area of pollution prevention. Regions will examine risk and
compliance concerns and develop strategies to address them on a geographic,
industrial, or industrial sector basis.
The Regional program will explore new measures of outputs for multimedia
enforcement and compliance activities. Regions will maintain operational data
on investigations and enforcement actions, including tracking Supplemental
Environmental Projects. They will also assess outputs and environmental
improvements and the impacts on human health and air quality.
Additionally, Regional efforts will continue to support EPA's air program
activities related to work on attainment of lead National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQs), including enforcement of current emission limitations for all
lead strategy sources.
Explanation of Change +8.2 FTE +$3,886.9 (PRO) +$74.9 (AC&C)
Regional net workyear increases reflect a 5.4 FTE reduction from CFC
enforcement; and a 8.2 FTE increase to support compliance and enforcement
activities related to the CAAA Air Toxics program and the CAAA Title V Operating
Permits program in 1996.
The $3,886,900 increase in the Program and Research Operations appropriation
reflects increased workforce costs. The $74,900 net increase in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation reflects increased support for the Title V
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operating permit program, and a reduction of $102,000 from ozone and carbon
monoxide monitoring.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $20,297,100 supported by 316.1 total
workyears to this program, of which $19,351,200 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $945,900 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. All resources are in the Regions.
As a result of the reorganization of enforcement resources, the Headquarters
resources for Stationary Source Enforcement and Mobile Sources Enforcement can
now be found in the Multimedia media.
The Stationary Source Compliance program efforts in 1995 are focused on
implementing the new strategic enforcement program. This involves developing
cooperative partnerships with state, local and tribal governments; conducting
inspections, outreach and training in targeted sectors focusing on addressing air
toxics and Title V permits; and enforcement response, including initiating and
tracking enforcement actions and supplemental environmental projects. Compliance
monitoring and enforcement efforts (in concert with the states) are focused on
ensuring the compliance of sources covered by SIPs, NSPSs, and NESHAPs.
Program efforts are focused on developing strategies for addressing
multi-state and multi-program violators and for corporate-wide patterns of
non-compliance. In 1995, the Regions are creating a climate for voluntary
compliance and promoting coordination and cooperation at all levels of
government, regulated industries, and the public. They are also inspecting
sources and taking compliance actions to ensure CFG compliance. In addition,
Regional efforts are focused on monitoring the compliance of sources with the
Phase I acid rain requirements and on implementing an EPA-wide goal of improving
data quality from sources applying for permits.
Program resources are supporting a comprehensive program to determine the
effectiveness of VOC rules, and implementing targeted compliance monitoring and
inspections to ensure better use of resources. State program building is a high
priority in an expanded SIP assistance program. Regional resources are also
supporting training for permitting inspections, administrative orders, and
litigation referrals for newly regulated sources.
EPA, in conjunction with States, is continuing to share information and look
for opportunities to address joint, multimedia environmental problems. This
initiative includes geographic, industrial or industrial sector-type actions.
Particular emphasis is being placed on environmental justice targets for
multimedia compliance and enforcement efforts. The regions are also working with
Headquarters to identify companies which have multi-regional facilities and show
a corporate wide pattern of noncompliance and a lack of cooperation with
regulatory officials at local, state and Federal levels.
Additionally, program efforts are supporting attainment of the lead NAAQs.
This includes: evaluating the adequacy of existing SIPs; continuing operation
of monitoring networks around key sources; conducting modeling and monitoring
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around the newly-identified sources; and, identifying and addressing
environmental justice concerns.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $24,125,500 supported by 345.7 total
workyears to this program, of which $20,807,300 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $3,318,200 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1994, the Stationary Source Enforcement program conducted 2,160 air
inspections and 246 Notice of Violations. In addition, the Agency initiated 202
Administrative Orders, and pursued 185 civil litigation cases and 42 criminal
litigation cases against violators of the Clean Air Act.
In 1994 compliance monitoring and enforcement efforts (in concert with the
states) ensured compliance of sources covered by SIPs, NSPSs, and NESHAPs. The
Regions implemented strategies for addressing multi-state and multi-program
violators and for addressing corporate-wide patterns of non-compliance. In
addition, the Regions enforced the newly adopted NESHAPs standard. The Regions
implemented an expanded CFC compliance program through increased inspections of
sources and initiation of enforcement actions. In addition, program efforts
focused on compliance monitoring of sources subject to the Phase I acid rain
requirements and improving data quality from sources applying for permits.
A comprehensive program to determine the effectiveness of VOC rules,
implementation of the compliance monitoring and inspection targeting program to
ensure better use of inspection resources, and workshop and technical support was
emphasized. VOC compliance in ozone nonattainment areas continued. State
program building was a high priority in an expanded SIP assistance program for
assuring the enforceability of new requirements. Support was continued for
inspections and enforcement of the CFC program, as well as the expanding air
toxics program. Continued support was provided for the development of the
operating permits program. Regional resources supported training for increased
permitting inspections, administrative orders, and litigation referrals due to
newly regulated sources.
Regions continued their analyses of major sources and their compliance
practices. The Regional Offices, jointly with headquarters, examined risk and
compliance concerns and developed strategies to address them. These, included
geographic, industrial or corporate type initiatives.
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AIR
Mobile Source Enforcement
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST
1994 BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE 1996
1995 1995
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Mobile Source
Enforcement
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Mobile Source
Enforcement
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
$6,368.3
$3,252.1
TOTAL $9,620.4
$6,368.3
$3,252.1
TOTAL $9,620.4
Mobile Source
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
95.4
95.4
Mobile Source
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
96.5
96.5
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AIR
MOBILE SOURCE ENFORCEMENT
1996 Program Request
Due to the Agency's reorganization of the Enforcement resources in late 1994,
most of the Mobile Source Enforcement program was moved into the Regulatory
Enforcement program and the Sector and Multimedia Compliance program located in
the Multimedia media. The remaining Mobile Source Enforcement program can be
found in the Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance program.
Explanation of Change $O.OK (AC&C)
As a result of the Agency's reorganization of enforcement resources, this
program element was terminated in 1994.
1995 Program
As a result of the Agency's reorganization of enforcement resources, this
program element was terminated in 1994.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $9,620,400 supported by 96.5 total
workyears for this program, of which a total of $6,368,300 was for the Program
and Research Operations appropriation and a total of $3,252,100 was for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Due to the timing of the implementation of the enforcement reorganization,
actual obligations are reflected in this program element. However, in reality,
the Regulatory Enforcement program and the Multimedia Enforcement program used
these resources. For an explanation of the accomplishments refer to these
programs located in the Multimedia section of the budget.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
RADIATION 3-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Radiation Research 3-9
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 3-13
Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 3-14
Radiation Program Implementation . 3-21
Radiation Program Implementation . 3-22
Radon Action Program Implementation 3-24
Waste Isolation Piolot Project Implementation 3-27
Waste Isolation Pilot Project Implementation 3-28
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment 3-31
Radon Action Program 3-32
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment 3-35
Radon State Grant Program 3-40
Working Capital Fund - Radiation 3-42
Working Capital Fund - Radiation 3-43
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APPROPRIATION
RADIATION
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Reimbursements
TOTAL, Radiation
$13,426.4 $16,663.6 $16,574.1 $16,912.2 $18,597.0 $1,684.8 $1,933.4
$20,242.8 $30,190.4 $25,904.5 $26,387.6 $36,555.6 $10,168.0 $6,365.2
$33,669.2 $46,854.0 $42,478.6 $43,299.8 $55,152.6 $11,852.8 $8,298.6
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
268.0
273.6
312.9
312.9
314.8
325.6
316.9
327.7
319.8
333.0
2.9
5.3
6.9
20.1
$40,586.7 $45,193.5 $41,890.5 $41,968.3 $51,811.2 $9,842.9 $6,617.7
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
Authorization for the Indoor Radon Abatement Act expired on September 30, 1991.
Authorization for the Uranium Hill Tailings Radiation Control Act, the Atomic Energy Act,
the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Land Withdrawal Act and the Clean Air Act Amendments of
1990 have not expired. All other authorization except for Research and Development is by
virtue of the Appropriations Act. The Environmental Research, Development and
Demonstration Act expired September 30, 1981. Reauthorization is pending.
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RADIATION
DI FFERENCE
PRES. CURRENT
BUDGET ENACTED ESTIMATE ENACTED VS EST. VS EST. VS
1995 1995 1995 PRES. BUD PRES. BUD ENACTED
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Program & Research $16,663.6 $16,574.1 $16,912.2 -$89.5 $248.6 $338.1
Operations
Abatement Control and $30,190.4 $25,904.5 $26,387.6 -$4,285.9 -$3,802.8 $483.1
Compliance
Reimbursements
TOTAL, Radiation $46,854.0 $42,478.6 $43,299.8 -$4,375.4 -$3,554.2 $821.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS 312.9 314.8 316.9 1.9 4.0 2.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS 312.9 325.6 327.7 12.7 14.8 2.1
The following points list the major reasons that the dollars devoted to this media have changed from submission
of the President's FY 1995 Budget Request to the FY 1995 Current Estimates.
Program and Research Operations
o Congressional reduction
o Redirection to Administrator's Priorities
o Funding for contractor conversion positions
Abatement. Control and Compliance
o General Agency Reduction
o Redirection to Administrator's Priorities
o Funding redirected to PRO account for contractor conversion positions
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RADIATION
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) program to protect public health
and the environment from adverse effects of radiation exposure is derived from
several statutes including: the Indoor Radon Abatement Act; the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990; the Waste Isolation Pilot Project Land Withdrawal Act of
1992; the Energy Policy Act of 1992; the Atomic Energy Act; the Public Health
Service Act; the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act; the Marine
Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act; and the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act. These Acts authorize a wide range of regulatory,
assessment, assistance, and research activities.
EPA's radiation program has four major objectives:
o Reduce adverse health effects and environmental impacts from radiation
exposure through a program of standards and guidelines.
o Assess and quantify existing and emerging radiation problems and their
potential impacts on public health and the environment.
o Respond to radiation issues of serious public concern.
o • Maintain the capability to respond to radiological emergencies and to aid
development and testing of Federal, state, and local plans for emergency
response.
To accomplish these objectives, EPA assesses and regulates sources of
airborne radionuclides; evaluates and regulates radioactive waste disposal;
provides site assessments and radiochemical analyses of environmental samples;
operates the Radon Action Program; operates the Environmental Radiation Ambient
Monitoring System; develops radiation clean-up and waste management standards;
and responds to radiological emergencies. In 1996 the Agency will give priority
to the areas described below.
FY 1996 Program Highlights
Implement the Waste Isolation Pilot Project
In October 1992 Congress enacted legislation for evaluating the Waste
Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), a radioactive waste disposal site operated by the
Department of Energy (DOE) in New Mexico. The Act gives EPA oversight
responsibility for the DOE waste disposal activities at WIPP. Carrying out this
responsibility requires four major rulemakings: radioactive waste disposal
standards, compliance criteria, compliance certification, and determinations of
continued compliance. In 1994 EPA completed the development of final standards
for the disposal of high-level and transuranic radioactive wastes.
In 1995 EPA will complete the compliance criteria for implementing the 1994
radioactive waste disposal regulations. When the criteria are in place EPA will
begin to prepare for the compliance certification for WIPP. EPA will develop
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methods and guidance for systematic review of the DOE compliance certification
application. The Agency will identify the technical areas involved (e.g.,
engineering, geology, computer modeling, chemistry, hydrology, etc.) and the
major regulatory provisions that will be implemented. The Agency also will
develop position papers and review guidance on issues in need of additional
explanation. EPA may have to do a rulemaking to approve any modifications to the
test plan that DOE might propose.
In addition, EPA on a semiannual basis will review the draft DOE WIPP
performance assessment. Through the review EPA can identify the strengths and
weaknesses of WIPP and can direct DOE where to focus additional efforts. EPA
will review DOE's finding that the waste used in the tests is and will remain
retrievable. EPA also will provide oversight of the management of hazardous
waste at the WIPP under the terms of the "No Migration Determination" review,
check DOE's quality assurance and quality control procedures, and review DOE's
draft WIPP performance assessment.
Yucca Mountain Standards
Under the Energy Policy Act of 1992, the Agency must set standards
regulating the disposal of high level nuclear waste at the proposed repository
of Yucca Mountain, Nevada. These standards will be multi-media in focus,
addressing issues of air, land, and water surrounding disposal at Yucca Mountain.
Public participation in the development of the standards will include local
meetings, written information, and stakeholder (e.g., DOE, the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission, Nevada) meetings. Final standards will ensure that the Yucca
Mountain disposal system adequately controls releases of radioactive material,
thereby protecting the public. The Yucca Mountain standard, along with the Waste
Isolation Pilot Plant responsibilities, implement the EPA's environmental goal
to ensure safe waste management protective of public health.
Implement Existing Standards and New Requirements
In 1996 EPA will continue to concentrate on establishing standards for
radioactive waste management, developing Federal guidance, and strengthening
preparedness for radiological emergencies. EPA will continue to promote transfer
of implementation responsibilities for the radionuclide National Emissions
Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) to the states. Videotape
training will be supplemented with direct assistance to deal with unique problems
incurred by the states and local authorities. EPA will provide technical
assistance in determining the acceptability of alternate compliance procedure
requests, which have significantly increased due to the addition of over 6000
licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission facilities to the NESHAPs effort.
EPA will work closely with the DOE as DOE continues to decontaminate and
decommission (D&D) buildings and facilities. These D&D efforts provide unique
challenges in assessing radionuclide emissions. Implementation of the
radionuclide NESHAPs will further EPA's environmental goal to ensure clean air
reducing public exposure to air toxics.
Cleanup Standards for Radioactively Contaminated Sites
Radioactive materials are used at over 20,000 sites including DOE
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facilities and over 100 nuclear power reactors. Many of these sites will be
candidates for decommissioning over the next several decades. Billions of
dollars potentially could be wasted by inadequate clean-up efforts. In 1996 EPA
will continue development of clean-up criteria for sites contaminated with
radionuclides that will provide clear and consistent ground rules for clean-up.
Working toward its environmental goal for the clean-up of contaminated
sites, during 1996 the Agency will evaluate comments received on the proposed
clean-up standards and prepare a draft rule for workgroup consideration.
Following publication of the proposed rule, EPA will conduct workgroup meetings,
public hearings, and further analyses. The Agency also will continue work on the
waste management regulations, including the proposal of low level waste disposal
standards. The regulations and their implementing guidances are critical to the
reduction of risk to human health and the environment through the proper storage,
treatment, and disposal of radioactive waste; waste minimization and restricted
recycle/reuse activities; as well as the encouragement of innovative
environmental technology to minimize the volume of radioactive waste found at
thousands of sites throughout the nation.
Emergency Response
As part of its radiological emergency preparedness efforts and the Agency
environmental goal for Prevention of Oil Spills, Chemical and Radiological
Accidents, EPA will continue its classroom and field training programs to
maintain and improve the capabilities of the EPA Radiological Emergency Response
Team. The Agency also will continue working with other Federal agencies and the
international community on formal agreements dealing with communications,
coordination of response efforts, and mutual assistance for responding to
emergencies.
Address Radon Exposure in Structures
The radon program strategy for protecting public health has evolved to
include four key elements:
o Guiding scientific and policy principles that make up the heart of radon
messages communicated to the public.
o A decentralized system for informing the public that includes multiple,
highly respected organizations that can deliver radon messages through
established channels to targeted audiences.
o A continuum of strategic approaches for reducing radon risks ranging from
public information efforts that let people make their own decisions about
the need to test and fix their homes to regulatory approaches that require
testing and/or mitigation.
o A strong focus on the most promising strategic approaches.
In 1996 the radon program will continue to implement the activities
authorized by the Indoor Radon Abatement Act (IRAA). IRAA activities include the
State Indoor Radon Grants Program, the national radon proficiency programs, the
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Regional Radon Training Centers Program, work in schools, promotion of model
building standards, and technical assistance to build capabilities at the state
and local level.
The radon program also will focus on achieving results by tracking and
setting goals for environmental indicators that include: the number of homes and
schools tested and mitigated; the number of homes built using radon resistant
features; and the number of jurisdictions requiring radon-resistant new
construction features. The radon program is working with EPA Regions and states
to develop and track similar measures. The radon program also will increase its
efforts in the area of environmental equity by working with organizations that
specialize in reaching minority and low-income populations and developing
messages and using communication channels that are effective in reaching
minorities. The radon program is part of the Agency environmental goal to ensure
safe indoor environments.
Provide Technical Assistance for Federal Facility Clean-up
EPA will continue to provide coordination, oversight, technical, and
laboratory support to ensure that radioactively contaminated federal facilities
are cleaned up to acceptable EPA risk levels consistent with the requirements of
the federal facility agreements.
The program is composed of two primary elements: 1) development of overall
guidance that is applicable to all federal facility sites, and 2) development of
operational controls for site characterization, sampling, handling, analysis,
treatment, and disposal of mixed wastes (combinations of radioactive waste and
hazardous chemicals). The latter is of particular concern for DOE sites with
substantial amounts of mixed wastes.
Conduct Research to Support the Radiation Program
Under a reimbursable arrangement with DOE, the Office of Research and
Development (ORD) will continue to monitor the Nevada test site and other sites,
to provide the data needed by policy-makers to make decisions about the control
of public exposure to radioactive materials. This support consists of a
radiation safety monitoring program; operation of environmental sampling
networks; interaction with the general public to maintain public confidence and
support; laboratory analyses sufficient to immediately assess the impact of an
inadvertent release of radioactivity; determination of radionuclide body burdens
in off-site residents; veterinary investigation of claims of alleged radiation
injury; and the maintenance of all data in computerized data bases.
Fees
In 1996 EPA will collect fees under the Radon Contractor Proficiency
Program, the Radon Measurement Proficiency Program, and the radon training
program. The agency estimates that fees collected for these programs will total
approximately $1,055,500.
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RADIATION
CURRENT INCREASE (+)
ACTUAL ESTIMATE ESTIMATE DECREASE (-)
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES 1994 1995 1996 1996 vs 1995
Cumulative Outputs
FR Notices 8 9 7 -2
Proposals 3 4 2 -2
Promulgations/Neg. Det. .4 55 0
Key for cumulative Outputs:
1994: 1 Notice for NRC licensees (reiterating effectiveness of Subpart I)
1 Re-proposed rule for NRC Licensees (to rescind Subpart I, non-
nuclear)
1 Proposed rule for NRC licensees (to rescind Subpart T)
1 Proposed rule for uranium mill tailings (40CFR 61, to rescind
Subpart T)
1 Final rule for High-Level Waste (40 CFR 191)
1 Final rule for uranium mill tailings (40CFR 61, to rescind Subpart
T)
1 Final rule for UMTRCA requirements (40 CFR 193)
1 Final rule for Radon Proficiency Program User Fees
1995: 1 Proposed Radiation Cleanup Standard
1 Proposed rule for Low-Level Waste (40 CFR 193)
1 Proposed rule for WIPP Compliance Criteria
1 Proposed rule for Uranium Mill Tailings (to partially recind Subpart
W)
1 Final Rule for WIPP Test and Retrieval Plan
1 Final Rule for WIPP Compliance Criteria
2 Final Rules for NRC licensees (40 CFR 61, Subpart I, nuclear and
non-nuclear)
1 Technical Amendment to Final rule for Radon Proficiency Program User
Fees
1996: 1 Proposed Waste Mangement Rule
1 Proposed Yucca Mountain Standard
1 Final Radiation Cleanup Standard
1 Final Rule for WIPP Compliance Criteria
1 Final Rule for Low-Level Waste
1 Final Rule for Uranium Mill Tailings
1 Technical Amendment to Final rule for Radon Proficiency Program User
Fees
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PERMANENT WORKYEARS
RADIATION
Radiation Research
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Las Vegas Radiation
Offsite Reimbursables
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
52.8
52.8
58.9
58.9
58.9
58.9
58.9
58.9
58.9
58.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Las Vegas Radiation
Offsite Reimbursables
TOTAL UORKYEARS
53.1
53.1
58.9
58.9
58.9
58.9
58.9
58.9
63.9
63.9
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
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RADIATION
RADIATION RESEARCH
1996 Budget Request
-i
The Agency requests a total of 63.9 total workyears for 1995 under a
reimbursable arrangement with the Department of Energy (DOE). This represents
an increase of 5.0 total workyears from 1995.
1995 Budget
The Agency is allocating a total of 58.9 total workyears for this program
element, all of which are from a reimbursable arrangement with the DOE.
1994 Budget
The Agency obligated a total of 53.1 total workyears for this program
element, all of which were from a reimbursable arrangement with the DOE.
Research Issues
Infrastructure and Cross Program
1996 Program Request
Since the creation of the Agency in 1970, the EPA has conducted off-site
monitoring support at the Nevada Test Site and other test location under a
reimbursable arrangement with DOE. The Off-Site Monitoring program will provide
the data needed by policy-makers to make decisions regarding the control of
public exposure to radioactive materials resulting from nuclear testing
activities and as well as from any other accidental releases of such materials
to the environment.
Continued research efforts will include radiation safety monitoring,
operation of environmental sampling networks, interaction with the general public
to maintain public confidence and support, laboratory analyses sufficient to
immediately assess the impact of an inadvertent release of radioactivity,
determination of radionuclide body burdens in off-site residents, veterinary
investigation of claims of alleged radiation injury, and the maintenance of all
data in computerized data bases.
Explanation of Change +0.5 FTE No change (R&D)
This increase in workyear represents an Agency realignment of existing
reimbursable positions to more adequately reflect workload.
1995 Program
The Off-Site Monitoring program is carried out arid funded under a
reimbursable agreement "with the Department of Energy (DOE). ORD is providing
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support with a radiation safety monitoring program, operation of environmental
sampling networks, interaction with the general public to maintain public
confidence and support, laboratory analyses sufficient to immediately assess the
impact of an inadvertent release of radioactivity, determination of radionuclide
body burdens in off-site residents, veterinary investigation of claims of alleged
radiation injury, and the maintenance of all data in computerized data bases.
1994 Accomplishments
EPA conducted off-site monitoring efforts for the DOE at the Nevada Test
Site and other test locations. ORD. support consisted of radiation safety
monitoring, long-termhydrological monitoring, human surveillance investigations,
and maintenance of the radiation data base.
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PROGRAM
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
RADIATION
Radiation Criteria, Standards & Guidelines
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$4.366.9 $4,517.0 $4,465.5 $4,933.0 $5,431.2 $498.2 $914.2
$2,395.9 $6,580.8 $5,347.4 $6,040.9 $13,114.1 $7,073.2 $6,533.3
TOTAL $6,762.8 $11,097.8 $9,812.9 $10,973.9 $18,545.3 $7,571.4 $7,447.5
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$4,366.9 $4,517.0 $4,465.5 $4,933.0 $5,431.2 $498.2 $914.2
$2,395.9 $6,580.8 $5,347.4 $6,040.9 $13,114.1 $7,073.2 $6,533.3
Radiation Criteria, TOTAL $6,762.8 $11,097.8 $9,812.9 $10,973.9 $18,545.3
Standards & Guidelines
$7,571.4 $7,447.5
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines
TOTAL WORKYEARS
59.4
59.4
61.3
61.3
61.5
61.5
61.5
61.5
61.5
61.5
61.5
61.5
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
69.9
69.9
69.9
69.9
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
8.4
8.4
8.4
8.4
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RADIATION
RADIATION CRITERIA, STANDARDS, AND GUIDELINES
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,545,300 and 69.9 total workyears for
1996, an increase of 2.8 total workyears from 1995 and an increase of $7,571,400.
Of the request, $5,431,200 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and $13,114,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of 2.8 workyears and $498,200 in the
Program and Research Operations appropriation and an increase of $7,073,200 in
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,545,300 and 69.9 total workyears for
1996, an increase of 2.8 total workyears from 1995 and an increase of $7,571,400.
Of the request, $5,431,200 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and $13,114,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of 2.8 workyears and $498,200 in the
Program and Research Operations appropriation and an increase of $7,073,200 in
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The increase in dollars
represents the Agency funding for the Working Capital Fund, funding for the Yucca
Mountain Standards, and increased workforce costs.
In 1996 EPA will focus on protecting public health and the environment
through establishing standards for radioactive waste clean-up and waste
management, controlling airborne radionuclides, developing Federal guidance, and
maintaining preparedness for a radiological emergency.
The Radiation Site Clean-up Standard will set national clean-up levels for
thousands of sites contaminated with radionuclides. This regulatory development
effort is a key Tier III Task under the National Environmental Goal of "Clean-up
of Contaminated Sites." In addition, EPA expects that the radiation site clean-
up regulatory program will continue to be examined under the Administrator's
Common Sense Initiative as radiation contamination (particularly naturally
occurring radioactive material) is found at oil production facilities and also
may be found at oil refineries. The oil refining industry is a Phase I Industry
under the Common Sense Initiative.
During 1996 the Agency will continue development and promulgation of a
standard regulating the management and disposal of spent nuclear fuel and high-
level radioactive waste at the Yucca Mountain site in Nevada. Under the Energy
Policy Act of 1992, the Agency must develop these standards within one year of
receiving a National Academy of Sciences study of the scientific basis of a
radiation protection standard for the Yucca Mountain site. The Agency expects
to receive the report in late March 1995. The Yucca Mountain standard will help
achieve the Agency's environmental goals of Clean Air, Clean Surface Water, Safe
Drinking Water, and Clean-up of Contaminated Sites.
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In 1996 EPA will continue to evaluate comments received on proposed
radiation site clean-up standards, scheduled for publication in the spring of
1995, and prepare a draft final rule for workgroup consideration. Following
publication of the proposal, the Agency will hold workgroup meetings and public
hearings and conduct further analyses.
In 1996 EPA will continue work on the waste management regulations,
including completing the promulgation of low-level waste disposal standards. The
regulations also will address existing waste disposal options, as well as
consider the feasibility of restricted recycling and reuse. The Agency's
radioactive waste management regulatory development efforts are key Tier III
Tasks under the Agency's environmental goal of "Prevention of Wastes and Harmful
Chemical Releases." The regulations and their implementing guidances are
critical to the reduction of risk to human health and the environment through the
proper storage, treatment, and disposal of radioactive waste; waste minimization
and restricted recycle/reuse activities; and encouragement of innovative
environmental technology to minimize the volume of radioactive waste found at
thousands of sites throughout the nation.
EPA will continue to promote transfer of implementation responsibilities
for the radionuclide National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants
(NESHAPs) to the states. The Agency will supplement videotape training with
direct assistance to deal with unique problems incurred by the states and local
authorities. EPA will work closely with the Department of Energy (DOE) as DOE
continues to decontaminate and decommission (D&D) buildings and facilities.
These D&D efforts pose unique challenges in assessing radionuclide emissions.
EPA will issue a final rule to define a "major source" for radionuclides.
In response to state requests and consistent with the Clean Air Act, EPA will
investigate problems encountered with naturally occurring radionuclides.
In consultation with affected Federal agencies, EPA will complete
recommendations to the President on basic Federal policy for protection of
members of the public from radiation. The Agency will continue to evaluate new
scientific literature to improve the basis of radiation risk assessments and to
enhance its mathematical modeling techniques. This effort supports radiation
risk assessment work across several program areas in EPA, including ground water,
drinking water, soil, and air, and provides the basis for EPA's guidance to
Federal agencies on radiation dose and risk assessments.
As part of its radiological emergency preparedness efforts, EPA will revise
its own Radiological Emergency Response Plan (RERP). Part of that effort will
include the development of a series of implementing procedures including
training, coordination with state and local officials, and communications. The
Agency will continue to provide training -- both classroom and field (including
exercises) -- for its radiological emergency response team to maintain and
improve its capabilities. Also, the Agency will complete development of a
Protective Action Guide for drinking water, and will provide training for state,
local, and regional emergency response personnel on implementation of all of
EPA's protective action guidance for radiological emergencies.
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EPA will continue to implement its Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) strategy,
and will maintain the EMF Hotline in partnership with DOE. The Agency also will
maintain the comprehensive EMF regulations and policies data base. In addition,
the Agency will assess the results of the work by the National Council on
Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) on non-thermal radiofrequency (RF)
health effects and will modify the RF Exposure Guidelines (1995) if warranted.
EPA will use the Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Issue Paper and information from
the ELF workshop as the basis for developing an Agency policy on ELF. The Agency
also will conduct an additional workshop for state and local decision makers.
Explanation of Change +2.8 FTE + $498.2K (PRO) + $7,073.2K (AC&C)
The change in FTE represents an increase of 4.0 FTE for Yucca Mountain
standards development offset by a 1.2 FTE reduction in other radiation efforts.
The FTE reduction results from the completion of the low-level radioactive waste
rule and radionuclides NESHAPs in 1995. A $4,000,000 increase will fund Yucca
Mountain standards development. An additional $273,200 will allow for full
implementation of the clean-up and waste management standards. The $498,200
increase in the Program and Research Operations appropriation reflects increased
workforce costs.
This program also includes an increase of $1,800,000 for the Headquarters
Working Capital Fund for the Radiation Media (shifted from the management media) .
The resources include the base resources to pay for program postage costs that
provide all routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and includes regular First,
Third and Fourth Class mail; Post Office Express Mail; two-day priority mail;
registered and certified mail and pouch mail; Federal Express overnight mail and
United Parcel Service shipments. The increase will provide for annualization of
the February 1995 postal rate increase of 10.3 percent. For National Data
Processing Division operations, the base dollars provide an on-going data
processing and telecommunication services for this program. These services are
classified into five cost centers: Enterprise Computing Services, Network
Services, Desktop Services, Technical Consulting Services and Scientific
Computing Services. Investment resources will provide the program's share of
depreciation of capital assets, increased service costs, additional mainframe
capacity, investments in network services and investments in technical consulting
services.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $10,973,900 and 67.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,933,000 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $6,040,900 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1995 EPA is focusing on establishing standards for radioactive waste
clean-up and waste management, addressing airborne radionuclides, developing
Federal guidance, and enhancing emergency preparedness.
The Radiation Site Clean-up Standard will set forth national clean-up
levels for thousands of sites contaminated with radionuclides. This regulatory
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development effort is a key Tier III Task under the EPA environmental goal of
"Cleanup of Contaminated Sites." In addition, the Agency expects to examine the
radiation site clean-up regulatory program under the Administrator's Common Sense
Initiative. Radiation contamination (particularly naturally occurring
radioactive material) is found at oil production facilities and also may be found
at oil refineries. The oil refining industry is a Phase I Industry under the
Common Sense Initiative.
In 1995 EPA will evaluate comments received on proposed clean-up standards,
scheduled for publication in the spring of 1995, and prepare a draft final rule
for workgroup consideration. Following publication of the proposal, the Agency
will hold workgroup meetings and public hearings and conduct further analyses.
In 1995 EPA is continuing work on the waste management regulations,
including the proposal of low-level waste disposal standards. The regulations
also will address existing waste disposal, as well as consider the feasibility
of restricted recycling and reuse. The Agency's radioactive waste management
regulatory development efforts are key Tier III Tasks under the Agency's
environmental goal of "Prevention of Wastes and Harmful Chemical Releases." The
regulations and their implementing guidances are critical to the reduction of
risk to human health and the environment through the proper storage, treatment
and disposal of radioactive waste; waste minimization and restricted
recycle/reuse activities; and encouragement of innovative environmental
technology to minimize the volume of radioactive waste found at thousands of
sites throughout the nation.
In 1995 the Agency will receive the report of the National Academy of
Sciences, starting the process of developing standards for Yucca Mountain. EPA
will focus on analyzing the report, and developing additional technical
information, as needed, to support the rulemaking effort. EPA will conduct an
open process to ensure early input by all affected parties before a rule is
formally proposed.
EPA is continuing to promote transfer of implementation responsibilities
for the radionuclide NESHAPs to the states. This transfer is aided by two
ongoing Agency efforts. First, EPA has conducted four classroom and one video
broadcast training sessions for both Regional personnel and state inspectors.
Centralized instruction insures that the rules are understood thoroughly and
enforced uniformly. During 1995, EPA will produce additional training videotapes
to increase the accessibility to the training, and reduce cost of delivery.
Second, EPA is providing technical assistance in assessing alternate compliance
procedure requests, which will significantly increase due to the addition of over
6,000 facilities, licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRG), to the
NESHAPs effort.
EPA is involved in several rulemaking efforts that will continue in 1995,
such as issuing a final rule to rescind 40 CFR 61 Subpart I for NRG-licensed
facilities and proposing a rule to define a "major source" for radionuclides.
EPA also will issue a rule that amends Subpart R, radon emissions from
phosphogypsum stacks. In addition, EPA must resolve the outstanding petitions
for reconsideration of the radionuclide NESHAP for underground uranium mines and
operating uranium mill tailings piles.
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In consultation with affected Federal agencies, EPA will complete
recommendations to the President on basic Federal policy for radiation protection
of members of the public. The Agency will continue to evaluate new scientific
literature to improve the basis of radiation risk assessments and to enhance its
mathematical modeling techniques. This effort supports radiation risk assessment
work across several program areas in EPA, including ground water, drinking water,
soil, and air, and provides the basis for EPA's guidance to Federal agencies on
radiation dose and risk assessments.
As part of its radiological emergency preparedness efforts, EPA will revise
its own Radiological Emergency Response Plan (RERP). The Agency will continue
to provide training -- both classroom and field (including exercises) -- for its
radiological emergency response team to maintain and improve its capabilities.
Also, the Agency will complete development of a Protective Actions Guide for
drinking water, and will provide training for state, local, and Regional
emergency response personnel on implementation of all of EPA's protective action
guidance for radiological emergencies.
EPA is continuing to implement its Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) strategy,
and maintains the EMF Hotline in partnership with DOE. During 1995 EPA is
developing guidelines for exposure to radiofrequency radiation that address known
health effects. In cooperation with the American Public Health Association and
the DOE, EPA will conduct a workshop to discuss issues associated with extremely
low frequency (ELF) radiation and draft an ELF Issues Paper that will provide a
discussion of local policy options and approaches. A comprehensive data base of
all state and local EMF regulations and policy statements is under development.
1994 Program
The Agency allocated a total of $6,762,800 and 61.3 total workyears for
this program, of which $4,366,900 was from the Program and P>.esearch Operations
appropriation and $2,395,900 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
EPA developed a proposed low-level waste management and disposal rule in
1994. In order to ensure the broadest participation in the rulemaking process,
especially from state governments, EPA did not formally propose the rule but
instead sent out a preproposal draft to all interested parties. This draft
contained a number of regulatory options. EPA will use the feedback received on
the draft to develop a formal proposed rule in 1995.
In early 1994 EPA issued an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on the
clean-up standards rulemaking. The Agency then worked intensively to conduct
technical and regulatory impact analyses to evaluate alternative clean-up
standard options. An internal Agency workgroup met frequently to assist in the
development of the proposed rule. A sub-committee was established under the
National Advisory Council on Environmental policy and Technology (NACEPT) to
advise the Agency on its radiation site clean-up program development.
Interagency Steering Committee meetings were held to ensure that appropriate
resources and priorities were established for the rulemaking. Members of'the
Committee included representatives from the Department of Defense (DOD), the
Office of Management and Budget (OMB), DOE, NRC, and EPA program offices. EPA
3-18
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held coordination meetings with NRC to ensure consistency between EPA clean-up
standards and the NRC decommissioning standards rulemaking. EPA began
coordinating with DOE, DOD, and NRC to develop implementation guidance for the
clean-up rule.
During 1994 EPA also completed several background analyses to support the
development of regulations and guidance for the management and treatment of the
wastes generated from Federal facility cleanups. In addition to scoping
documents, EPA completed a preliminary analysis of the feasibility and
consequences of radioactive metal recycling (using DOE data) and completed a
survey and analysis of existing and proposed risk-based waste disposal schemes.
EPA also conducted four classroom and one video training sessions for EPA
Region and state implementation personnel. EPA worked with DOE to develop
alternative implementation procedures and signed a memorandum of understanding
with DOE to ease implementation of Subpart H covering DOE facilities.
EPA's emergency response program continued to work closely with other
Federal agencies, states, and local governments to ensure the smooth
implementation of emergency plans in the case of accidents. EPA participated in
"Diagram Jump," the major accident response training exercise of the year. The
Agency held three workshops for state and local officials to help train them in
the use of Protective Action Guides in emergency situations. EPA also made
significant progress in the development of a Protective Action Guide for drinking
water.
EPA's NESHAPs program continued to work with NRC and affected industry to
reduce the regulatory burden of regulation, while maintaining public health
protection. EPA rescinded a NESHAPs covering closed uranium mill tailings piles,
worked on improving the phosphogypsum rule to ease research into potential new
uses and disposal methods. EPA also worked with NRC to see if it will be
possible to rescind the NESHAPs covering NRC licensees.
EPA developed a comprehensive EMF strategy to guide programmatic activities
based upon three principals: targeting and segmenting EMF; developing
partnerships; and innovative use of information. The Agency also established a
national EMF Hotline to answer questions about EMF and took the lead in
establishing a radiofrequency (RF) workgroup to a forum for other Federal
agencies involved in spectrum management and health guidance to coordinate their
efforts.
In 1994 EPA promulgated 40 CFR 191, disposal standards for the Waste
Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). Following that, EPA completed development of
proposed compliance criteria that will be formally proposed in early 1995. These
rules were completed after EPA issued a pre-proposal draft of the criteria to the
public for comment.
In addition to the rulemaking effort EPA has worked closely with DOE to
ensure that the WIPP decision can be made as quickly and accurately as possible.
A major part of that effort was the establishment of a series of open public DOE-
EPA technical exchanges to provide free exchange of technical information between
staff. This process also included EPA's review and comment on a number of major
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DOE documents including the WIPP Performance Assessment, Compliance Status
Report, Experimental Program Plan and Quality Assurance Program Plan. To improve
these efforts in the future, EPA and DOE worked together to develop a system to
allow remote access to DOE computers and computer codes by EPA staff.
EPA's WIPP program has also worked to ensure an open process providing the
public with a flow of information on the WIPP program, helping to build trust in
the process. This included the development of a communication needs assessment
to assist in improving EPA's public outreach program. EPA has established a 1-
800 line to provide the public with the latest WIPP news in both English and Spanish.
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RADIATION
Radiation Program Implementation
ACTUAL
1994
PROGRAM
Radiation Program
Implementation
Program & Research $1,146.7
Operations
Abatement Control and $11.9
Compliance
TOTAL $1,158.6
Radon Action Program
Implementation
Program & Research $1,965.0
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL $1,965.0
TOTAL:
Program & Research $3,111.7
Operations
Abatement Control and $11.9
Compliance
Radiation Program TOTAL $3,123.6
Implementation
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Program 17.2
Implementation
Radon Action Program 33.2
implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 50.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE
1995 ESTIMATE 1996 DECREASE
1995 1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$808.1
$9.0
$817.1
$2,412.1
$3.3
$2,415.4
$3,220.2
$12.3
$3,232.5
12.9
38.5
51.4
$942.3 $942.3 $860.3 -$82.0
$11.6 $11.6 $9.0 -$2.6
$953.9 $953.9 $869.3 -$84.6
$2,257.5 $2,246.5 $2,400.8 $154.3
$3.3 $3.3
$2,257.5 $2,246.5 $2,404.1 $157.6
$3,199.8 $3,188.8 $3,261.1 $72.3
$11.6 $11.6 $12.3 $7
$3,211.4 $3,200.4 $3,273.4 $73.0
12.9 12.9 12.9
34.9 34.3 36.0 1.7
47.8 47.2 48.9 1.7
$52.2
$52.2
-$11.3
-$11.3
$40.9
$40.9
-2.5
-2.5
Radiation Program
Implementation
Radon Action Program
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS
17.2
35.0
52.2
12.9
38.5
51.4
12.9
39.5
52.4
12.9
38.9
51.8
12.9
36.9
49.8
-2.0
-2.0
-1.6
-1.6
3-21
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RADIATION
RADIATION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,273,400 and 49.8 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $73,000 and a decrease of two total workyears. Of the
request, $3,261,100 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and $12,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $72,300 in the Program and
Research Operation appropriation and an increase of $700 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
Radiation Program Implementation
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $869,300 and 12.9 total workyears for 1996,
a decrease of $84,600. Of the request, $860,300 will be for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation, and $9,000 will be for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of $82,000 in the
Program and Research Operation appropriation and a decrease of $2,600 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1996 Regional offices will review and test state emergency response
plans, assist states in interpreting Agency information and guidance, and present
information about radiation levels to the public. Regional staffs also will
participate with and assist states in identifying and assessing sites that are
contaminated with radioactivity and serve as a liaison between headquarters and
field operations in remedial action programs for sites in their Regions.
Regional offices will provide technical expertise, review documents, and
participate in workgroups for the EPA Radiation Site Clean-up Regulation.
Regions also will assist in developing implementation guidance.
In 1996 Regional offices will work with their states to encourage
delegation of implementation authority for the radionuclide National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs). Until states accept
delegation, Regions will continue to review annual reports and conduct
inspections of Department of Energy (DOE) facilities, non-DOE Federal facilities,
phosphogypsum stacks, and if required, Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
licensees. Regions also will be involved with determining adequacy of alternate
procedures for determining compliance, and approving applications to construct
or modify facilities, and waivers and exemptions. As states develop the
expertise necessary to implement the radionuclide NESHAPs, Regions will provide
technical assistance to insure a smooth transition. Title V of the Clean Air
Act, and the implementing regulations at 40 CFR part 70, require states to
develop operating permits programs meeting various criteria. One important
aspect of state program adequacy is the ability to issue permits that assure
compliance with all requirements of the Act applicable to the permitted sources,
including the radionuclide NESHAPs, promulgated at 40 CFR part 61. For any
3-22
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source that is determined to be major for any pollutant, such as sulfur dioxide
from an industrial boiler, the permit must address all applicable requirements
of the Act, including radionuclides.
Regional offices will continue to respond to public inquiries on
electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and provide information. Regions also will
coordinate between state and local EMF programs and the national program as well
as participate on workgroups on select EMF issues.
Explanation of Change +/' ° FTE ' $82.OK (PRO) - $2.6K (AC&C)
The $82,000 reduction in the Program and Research Operations appropriation
reflects a decrease in personnel costs.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $953,900 and 12.9 total workyears for
this program, of which $942,300 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $11,600 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1995 Regional offices are reviewing and testing state emergency response
plans, assisting state agencies in interpreting Agency information and guidance,
and providing information about radiation levels to the public. Regional staffs
are also participating with and assisting states in identifying and assessing
sites that are contaminated with radioactivity. Regions are serving as a liaison
between headquarters and field operations in remedial action programs for sites
in their Regions.
The Regional offices are providing technical expertise, reviewing
documents, and participating in workgroup meetings for development of the
Radiation Site Clean-up Regulation.
In 1995 Regional offices are working with their states to encourage them
to accept delegation of authority for implementing the radionuclide NESHAPs.
Regions are reviewing and making decisions on applications from regulated
facilities for construction permits , modifications to facilities , and waivers and
exemptions. In addition, Regional staff are providing technical assistance for
enforcement activities and necessary coordination between headquarters and
radiation facilities when the national program is directly involved in
implementing radionuclide NESHAPs.
Delegation has become even more important with the implementation of
NESHAPs for NRC licensees, which added over 6000 facilities to the workload and
are located in every state. In some cases, the delegation will go beyond the
states to local authorities, further adding to the coordination efforts required
of the Regions.
Regional offices are continuing to respond to public inquiries on EMFs.
Regions are providing coordination between state and local EMF programs and the
national program in addition to participating in work groups on EMF issues.
3-23
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1994 Program
The Agency allocated a total of $1,158,600 and 17.2 total workyears for
this program, of which $1,146,700 was from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $11,900 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1994 Regional offices reviewed and tested state emergency response
plans. This included assisting state agencies in interpreting Agency information
and guidance and presenting information about radiation levels to the public.
Regional staffs also participated with and assisted states in identifying and
assessing sites that are contaminated with radioactivity and served as a liaison
between headquarters and field operations in remedial action programs for sites
in their Regions.
Regional offices provided technical expertise, reviewed documents, and
participated in workgroup meetings for the Radiation Site Clean-up Regulation.
In 1994 Regional offices worked with their states to encourage delegation
of authority for the radionuclide NESHAPs. Regional staff reviewed and made
decisions on applications from regulated facilities for construction permits,
modifications to facilities, and waivers and exemptions. Regional staff also
provided technical assistance for enforcement activities and necessary
coordination between headquarters and radiation facilities when the national
program was directly involved in implementing the radionuclides NESHAPs.
Regional offices also responded to public inquiries on EMFs and provided
information upon request.
Radon Action Program Implementation
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a. total of $2,404,100 and 36.9 total workyears for this
program, of which $2,400,800 is for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $3,300 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of 2.0 workyears and an increase of
$154,300 in funding for the Program and Research Operations appropriation and an
increase of $3,300 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The
reduction in workyears represents a disinvestment in Regional Training Centers.
In 1996 Regions will work through partnerships with states as well as
health, consumer, and local government organizations to implement the Agency's
Radon Action Program and achieve EPA's national environmental goal of safe indoor
air environments.
The Regions will be the focal point for implementing the State Indoor Radon
Grant program. Regions will review state grant applications against established
criteria and ensure that grant funds are used effectively. Regions will work
with states to design and implement effective programs for reducing public health
from radon and to establish quantitative program goals.
3-24
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The Regions will work with state and local governments in the design and
implementation of efforts to assess and remediate radon problems in schools. The
Regions will maintain oversight of the Regional Training Centers that, in
addition to providing training, also conduct testing for the national Radon
Contractor Proficiency and Radon Measurement Operator Proficiency programs. The
Regions will continue to work with states as well as health, consumer, and local
government organizations to address radon in connection with real estate
transfers and to promote the adoption of radon building standards.
The Regions will provide advice and assistance to states that want to
establish additional consumer protection functions, such as licensing measurement
and mitigation contractors. The Regions also will provide information to states
and members of the public and will conduct educational programs, symposia, and
workshops for state and local officials, contractors, and the public.
Explanation of Change -2.0 FTE + $154.3K (PRO) + $3.3K (AC&C)
As part of Agency-wide FTE reductions, the Regional radon staffing level
is being reduced by 2.0 FTEs. Regions will provide less information to states
and members of the public and conduct fewer educational programs, symposia, and
workshops for state and local officials, contractors, and the public. The
$154,300 increase in the Program and Research Operations appropriation reflects
increased workforce costs.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $2,246,500 and 38.9 total workyears for
this program, all of which is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation.
In 1995 Regions are working through partnerships with states as well as
health, consumer, and local government organizations to implement the Agency's
Radon Action Program. Regions work with states to design and implement effective
programs for reducing radon health risks to the public. Regions also work with
states to establish quantitative program goals. The Regions are the focal point
for implementing the State Indoor Radon Grant program. Regions review state
grant applications against established criteria and ensure that grant funds are
used effectively.
The Regions are working with state and local governments in the design and
implementation of efforts to assess and remediate radon problems in schools. The
Regions also are providing direct oversight to the Regional Training Centers,
which also conduct testing for the national Radon Contractor Proficiency and
Radon Measurement Operator Proficiency programs. In addition, the Regions are
working with states as well as health, consumer, and local government
organizations to address radon in connection with real estate transfers and to
promote the adoption of radon building standards.
The Regions are providing advice and assistance to states that want to
establish additional consumer protection functions, such as licensing measurement
and mitigation contractors. The Regions also continue to provide information to
3-25
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states and members of the public and conduct education programs, symposia, and
workshops for state and local officials, contractors, and the public.
1994 Program
The Agency allocated a total of $1,965,000 and 35.0 total workyears for
this program, all of which came from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation.
In 1994 the Regions, as well as health, consumer, and local government
organizations, continued to work through partnerships developed with states to
implement the Agency's Radon Action Program.
The Regions continued to be the focal point for implementation of the State
Indoor Radon Grant program. Regions reviewed state grant applications against
established criteria and ensured that grant funds were used effectively. Regions
worked with states to design and implement effective programs for reducing radon
health risks to the public. Regions also worked with the states to establish
quantitative program goals.
The Regions worked with states and local governments in the design and
implementation of efforts to assess and remediate radon problems in schools. The
Regions provided direct oversight of the Regional Training Centers, which also
conducted testing for the National Radon Contractor Proficiency and Radon
Measurement Operator Proficiency programs. The Regions also worked with states
as well as health, consumer, and local government organizations to address radon
in connection with real estate transfers and to promote the adoption of radon
building standards. The Regions continued to provide advice; and assistance to
states that wanted to establish additional consumer protection functions, such
as licensing measurement and mitigation contractors.
The Regions provided information to states and members of the public and
participated in and conducted educational programs, symposia, and workshops for
state and local officials, contractors, and the public.
3-26
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RADIATION
Waste Isolation Pilot Project Implementation
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
• 1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
PROGRAM
Waste Isolation Pilot
Project Implementation
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Reimbursements
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Reimbursements
Abatement & Control - TOTAL
Waste Isolation Pilot
Project Implementation
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Waste Isolation Pilot
Project Implementation
Criteria Standard
Development
Reimbersables
Radiation Reimbursables
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Waste Isolation Pilot
Project Implementation
Criteria Standard
Development
Reimbersables
Radiation Reimbursables
TOTAL WORKYEARS
10.1
1.0
10.4
21.5
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$1,931.9 $1,862.3 $1,841.3 $2,048.1 $206.8 $116.2
$4,985.6 $3,596.1 $3,535.7 $4,795.9 $1,260.2 -$189.7
$6,917.5 $5,458.4 $5,377.0 $6,844.0 $1,467.0 -$73.5
$1,931.9 $1,862.3 $1,841.3 $2,048.1 $206.8 $116.2
$4,985.6 $3,596.1 $3,535.7 $4,795.9 $1,260.2 -$189.7
$6,917.5 $5,458.4 $5,377.0 $6,844.0 $1,467.0 -$73.5
9.4
1.0
10.4
20.8
26.5
19.3
45.8
27.0
19.3
46.3
26.5
19.3
45.8
26.5
19.3
45.8
26.5
27.0
26.5
26.5
19.3
45.8
19.3
46.3
19.3
45.8
20.8
47.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
3-27
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RADIATION
WASTE ISOLATION PILOT PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,844,000 and 26.5 total workyears for
1996. Of the request, $2,048,100 will be from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $4,795,900 will be from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This is an increase of $206,800 and no change in
workyears in the Program and Research Operations appropriation, and an increase
of $1,260,200 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,844,000 and 26.5 total workyears for
1996. Of the request, $2,048,100 will be from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $4,795,900 will be from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This is an increase of $206,800 and no change in
workyears in the Program and Research Operations appropriation, and an increase
of $1,260,200 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In October 1992 Congress enacted legislation for evaluating the Waste
Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), a radioactive waste disposal site operated by the
Department of Energy (DOE) in New Mexico. The legislation gave EPA oversight
responsibility for the DOE waste disposal activities at WIPP. Carrying out this
responsibility requires four major rulemakings: radioactive waste disposal
standards, compliance criteria, compliance certification, and determinations of
continued compliance. In 1994 EPA completed the development of final standards
•for the disposal of high-level and transuranic radioactive wastes. Current DOE
schedules call for the submittal of a compliance application in December 1996.
By law EPA has one year to complete a formal rulemaking determining whether to
approve the application.
In 1996 EPA will emphasize final preparation for receipt of the compliance
application. This will include intensive efforts to resolve the important
technical issues that remain and to identify potential deficiencies in the DOE
application. These efforts will focus on several different areas. DOE will be
conducting experiments and studies that do not involve shipping waste to WIPP.
EPA will review and evaluate DOE's quality assurance and quality control
procedures to ensure that the results of the experiments are accurate and can be
used to demonstrate WIPP compliance with EPA standards. In 1996 EPA will
establish an active inspection program. The Agency also must determine the
validity of DOE procedures used to characterize the waste that DOE proposes to
send to WIPP. In addition, EPA will continually monitor results of research
related to WIPP.
EPA will review the draft DOE WIPP performance assessment on a semiannual
basis, as required by the 1992 law. The assessment is the detailed analysis of
the long-term performance of WIPP as a waste disposal repository. Review of the
assessment is crucial to EPA's efforts. Through the review, EPA can identify the
3-28
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strengths and weaknesses of WIPP and direct DOE where to focus additional
efforts. The Agency will review the performance assessment concurrently with
other DOE compliance-related documents. In 1995 DOE will have submitted a draft
application. EPA will submit initial comments on the draft in 1995. In 1996 EPA
will work with DOE and stakeholders to discuss any technical issues and
deficiencies that were discovered during the 1995 review. EPA also will evaluate
its process of reviewing the draft application. This evaluation will be used to
develop new and improved methods and systems for reviewing the final application.
In addition to completing the review of the draft application and public
comments, EPA will continue to review the major DOE WIPP documents. Among the
documents to be reviewed will be DOE Remote Handled Waste Study and System
Prioritization Method reports.
In 1996 EPA will complete the compliance criteria for implementing the 1994
radioactive waste disposal regulations. After the criteria are in place, EPA
will complete preparation for the ultimate compliance certification for WIPP.
EPA also will complete development of methods and guidance documents for
systematic review of the DOE compliance certification application. The Agency
will work to identify the technical areas involved: engineering, geology,
computer modeling, chemistry, hydrology, etc., and the major regulatory
provisions that will be implemented. The Agency also will complete position
papers and review guidance on some issues in need of additional explanation. The
review of the DOE application is an important process. EPA must ensure a
coordinated and efficient review of the extensive documentation that DOE will
provide, as well as the detailed comments that EPA expects to receive from the
public. The final preparation, including improvements developed from the review
of the draft application, will be put in place.
EPA Region 6 is responsible for reviewing rulemaking documents, dealing
with state and local officials and the public, and inspecting the WIPP facility
for compliance with Clean Air Act requirements. The Region also will review DOE
compliance with limits on individual doses resulting from storage and disposal
of the waste. In 1996 Headquarters will develop guidance for the Region to use
in this task. Region 6 is responsible for evaluating DOE compliance with other
environmental laws applicable to the WIPP facility as required by the 1992 law.
Explanation of Change +/- ° FTE + $206.8K (PRO) + $1,260.2K (AC&C)
An increase of $1,260,200 will allow for full implementation of EPA's
oversight responsibilities of DOE WIPP activities. The $206,800 increase in the
Program and Research Operations appropriations reflects increased personnel
costs.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $5,377,000 and 26.5 total workyears for
this program, of which $1,841,300 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $3,535,700 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
3-29
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In 1995 DOE is conducting experiments and studies that do not involve
shipping waste to WIPP. EPA reviews and evaluates DOE's quality assurance and
quality control procedures to ensure that the results of the experiments are
accurate and can be used to demonstrate WIPP compliance with EPA standards. The
Agency also must determine the validity of DOE procedures used to characterize
the waste that DOE proposes to send to WIPP. In addition, EPA continually
monitors results of research related to WIPP.
EPA reviews the draft DOE WIPP performance assessment on a semiannual
basis, as required by the 1992 law. The assessment is the detailed analysis of
the ultimate performance of WIPP as a waste disposal repository. Review of the
assessment is crucial to EPA's efforts. Through the review EPA can identify the
strengths and weaknesses of WIPP and can direct DOE to focus additional efforts
where performance is weakest. The Agency reviews the performance assessment
concurrently with other DOE compliance related documents. In 1995 EPA reviews
a complete draft compliance application that is scheduled to be submitted in the
spring of 1995. Review of the draft application, with the rapid turnaround
requested by DOE, is a major effort. Other major documents will also have to be
reviewed including DOE's System Prioritization Method 2 Report. The report is
an internal DOE management plan used to determine an appropriate strategy in
proceeding with WIPP activities. EPA hopes to have drafts of the engineered
barriers study and reports on quality assurance, waste characterization, and
monitoring.
In 1995 EPA will work towards completion of the compliance criteria for
implementing the 1993 radioactive waste disposal regulations. While the criteria
are being completed, EPA will start preparation for the ultimate compliance
determination for WIPP. EPA is developing methods and guidance for systematic
review of the DOE application. The Agency identifies the technical areas
involved: geology, computer modeling, chemistry, hydrology, etc., and for each
the major regulatory provisions that will be implemented. The Agency also
develops position papers and review criteria for those issues. EPA must ensure
a coordinated and efficient review of the extensive documentation that DOE will
provide, as well as the detailed comments that WIPP opponents will file.
EPA Region 6 is responsible for reviewing rulemaking documents, dealing
with state and local officials and the public, and inspecting the WIPP facility
for compliance with Clean Air Act requirements. The Region also reviews DOE
compliance with limits on individual doses resulting from storage of the waste.
Region 6 is responsible for evaluating DOE compliance with other environmental
laws applicable to the WIPP facility, as required by the 1992 law.
1994 Program
EPA's WIPP activities for FY 1994 were performed under the Radiation
Criteria, Standards and Guidelines program element.
3-30
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RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radon Action Program
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Radon State Grants
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Radiation TOTAL
Environmental Impact
Assessment
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Radon Action Program
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment
Radon State Grants
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program
Radiation Environmental
$2,966.3
$6,893.6
$9,859.9
$2,981.5
$1,979.4
$4,960.9
$8,962.0
$8,962.0
$5,947.8
$17,835.0
$23,782.8
40.7
43.9
84.6
41.2
44.3
$3,498.1
$8,902.0
$12,400.1
$3,496.4
$1,551.7
$5,048.1
$8,158.0
$8,158.0
$6,994.5
$18,611.7
$25,606.2
47.6
47.7
95.3
47.6
47.7
$3,453.5
$7,601.2
$11,054.7
$3,593.0
$1,190.2
$4,783.2
$8,158.0
$8,158.0
$7,046.5
$16,949.4
$23,995.9
47.6
52.7
100.3
53.8
52.7
$3,419.6
$7,451.2
$10,870.8
$3,529.5
$1,190.2
$4,719.7
$8,158.0
$8,158.0
$6,949.1
$16,799.4
$23,748.5
46.6
51.3
97.9
52.8
51.3
$3,720.8
$8,858.3
$12,579.1
$4,135.8
$1,543.6
$5,679.4
$8,158.0
$8,158.0
$7,856.6
$18,559.9
$26,416.5
43.6
52.7
96.3
49.4
52.7
$301.2
$1,407.1
$1,708.3
$606.3
$353.4
$959.7
$907.5
$1,760.5
$2,668.0
-3.0
1.4
-1.6
-3.4
1.4
$222.7
-$43.7
$179.0
$639.4
-$8.1
$631 .3
$862.1
-$51.8
$810.3
-4.0
5.0
1.0
1.8
5.0
Impact Assessment
Radon State Grants
TOTAL WORKYEARS
85.5
95.3
106.5
104.1
102.1
-2.0
6.8
3-31
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RADIATION
RADIATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $26,416,500 and 102.1 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $2,668,000 and a decrease of 2.0 workyears from 1995. Of
the request, $7,856,600 is for the Program and Research Operations appropriation,
and $18,559,900 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $907,500 and decrease of 2.0 workyears in the Program
and Research Operations appropriation and an increase of $1,760,500 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1996 the Agency expects to recover 65 percent of its operating costs in
fees from two programs, the Radon Measurement Proficiency (RMP) program and the
Radon Contractor Proficiency (RCP) program. The Agency estimates that the fees
collected will total approximately $1,055,500.
Radon Action Program
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,579,100 and 49.4 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $1,708,300 and a decrease of 3.4 workyears from 1995. Of
the request, $3,720,800 is for the Program and Research Operations appropriation,
and $8,858,300 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $301,200 and a decrease of 3.4 workyears in the Program
and Research Operations appropriation and an increase of $1,407,100 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The decrease in workyears
represents a disinvestment in the Radon Measurement Proficiency (RMP) program.
The increase in the Program and Research Operations appropriation reflects
increased workforce costs. The increase in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation will support radon partnership efforts with non-profit and state
and local groups.
In 1996 the Radon Action Program will focus on implementing the EPA
environmental goal of ensuring safe indoor environments for our nation. The
program will assess the nation's radon problems in workplaces and other buildings
and work with the National Academy of Sciences to improve understanding of radon
health risks. The Agency will continue mapping efforts to help target Federal,
state, and other resources to areas with the most severe radon problems.
EPA will offer training in radon measurement, mitigation, and prevention
through the Regional Radon Training Centers. The Agency also will continue to
transfer capabilities to states and the private sector to address radon problems
in large buildings through the Large Building Evaluation Program. EPA will work
with building code organizations, state and local governments, construction
industry groups, and others to promote the use of radon resistant building
practices and the adoption of building codes for residential new construction.
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The Radon Measurement Proficiency (RMP) and Radon Contractor Proficiency
(RCP) programs will continue to evaluate the capability of individuals offering
radon measurement and mitigation services and to make the information available
to the states and public. However, the Agency will not evaluate the accuracy,
reliability, and precision of the devices they use. The Agency will continue to
collect user fees for its proficiency programs.
EPA will administer the State Indoor Radon Grant Program. Through the
grants program, the Agency will encourage the development of local programs,
particularly in areas with the highest potential for elevated radon levels, to
build effective state programs.
EPA will encourage public action through a national media campaign. The
Agency also will continue work with national health, consumer, and local
government organizations to promote public action to address radon. The Agency
will target outreach efforts to areas with the highest potential for elevated
indoor radon levels and to smokers and minority audiences. The Agency also will
continue to address radon action in association with real estate transfers by
working with the real estate, building, and banking communities and national
health, consumer, and intergovernmental organizations.
EPA will obtain quantitative results for the radon program nationwide and
in target areas. The radon program will establish and track environmental
measures of program success including: the numbers of homes and schools tested
and mitigated; the number of homes built using radon-resistant features; and the
number of jurisdictions requiring radon-resistant new construction features. The
program is working with Regions and states to develop and track similar measures.
Explanation of Change - 3.4 FTE + $301.2K (PRO) + $1,407.IK (AC&C)
In 1996 the Agency will not conduct the organization component of the Radon
Measurement Proficiency (RMP) Program. As a result, there will be a reduction
of 3.4 FTE. This program evaluates the performance of devices and the capability
of firms to accurately analyze measurement results and report them to consumers.
The increase of $1,407,100 will support radon partnership efforts with non-profit
and state and local groups. The $301,200 increase in the Program and Research
Operations appropriation reflects increased workforce costs.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $10,870,800 and 52.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,419,600 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $7,451,200 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1995 the Radon Action Program will assess the nation's radon problems
in workplaces and other buildings and continue efforts with the National Academy
of Sciences to improve understanding of radon health risks. The Agency continues
mapping efforts to help target Federal, state, and other resources to areas with
the most severe radon problems.
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EPA is offering training in radon measurement, mitigation, and prevention
through the Regional Radon Training Centers. The Agency continues to transfer
capabilities to states and the private sector to address radon problems in large
buildings through the Large Building Evaluation Program. EPA is working with
building code organizations, state and local governments, construction industry
groups, and others to promote the use of radon-resistant building practices and
the adoption of building codes for residential new construction.
The Radon Measurement Proficiency (RMP) and Radon Contractor Proficiency
(RCP) programs are evaluating the capability of firms and individuals offering
radon measurement and mitigation services and making the information available
to the states and public. The Agency collects user fees for its proficiency
programs.
EPA is administering the State Indoor Radon Grant Program. Through the
grant program, the Agency encourages the development of local programs,
particularly in areas with the highest potential for elevated radon levels, to
build effective state programs.
EPA is encouraging public action through a national media campaign. The
Agency also is working with national health, consumer, and local government
organizations to promote public action to address radon. The Agency targets
outreach to areas with the highest potential for elevated indoor radon levels and
to smokers. The Agency is continuing efforts to improve the awareness, testing,
and mitigation of radon in minority and low-income communities. EPA also
continues to address radon action in association with real estate transfers by
working with the real estate and building organizations. The Agency is
initiating additional efforts with banking communities and national health,
consumer home inspection, and intergovernmental organizations. The Agency
continues to develop and track quantitative results for the radon program
•nationwide and in target areas.
1994 Program
The Agency allocated a total of $9,859,900 and 41.2 total workyears for
this program, of which $2,966,300 was from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $6,893,600 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1994 the Radon Action Program continued to assess the nation's radon
problems. EPA, in conjunction with the United States Geologic Survey, issued a
Radon Zone Map to help target Federal, state, and other resources to areas with
the most severe radon problems. The Agency continued work with the National
Academy of Sciences to improve the understanding of radon health risks and issued
a Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BIER VI) status report on the state
of current research.
Through efforts with the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) and
national building code organizations, EPA issued model radon-resistant building
standards and techniques for new residential structures. The Agency also
initiated the assessment of radon problems in large buildings, employing pilot
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studies in multi-family, residences owned by the Department of Housing and Urban
Development.
The Radon Measurement Proficiency (RMP) and Radon Contractor Proficiency
(RCP) programs evaluated the capability of firms and individuals offering radon
measurement and mitigation services. EPA Regional Radon Training Centers
provided training to the industry, states, and public. In 1994 the Agency
initiated the collection of user fees for its proficiency programs.
EPA awarded grants and cooperative agreements through the State Indoor
Radon Grant Program to encourage the development of local programs, particularly
in the areas with the highest potential for elevated radon levels, to build
effective state programs.
EPA encouraged public action to address radon health risks through a
national media campaign. The Agency also worked with local government
organizations to promote public action to address radon. The Agency targeted
outreach to areas with the highest potential for elevated indoor radon levels and
to smokers. The Agency also conducted activities to improve the awareness,
testing, and mitigation of radon in minority and low-income communities. EPA
also continued to address radon action in association with real estate transfers
by working with the real estate and building organizations. Quantitative results
for the radon program nationwide and in target areas were tracked in a continuing
assessment of radon program effectiveness.
In 1994, approximately 1.5 million homes have been tested for radon,
approximately 25,000 homes have been mitigated, and approximately 50,000 homes
have been built to be radon resistant nationwide.
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,679,400 and 52.7 total workyears for
this program, of which $4,135,800 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $1,543,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of 1.4 workyears and $606,300 in the
Program and Research Operations appropriation and an increase of $353,400 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The increase in FTE and in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation will allow for full
implementation of the Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment program. The
increase in the Program and Research Operations appropriation represents
increased workforce costs.
EPA plays a significant role in preparing for and responding to accidental
releases of radioactive material into the environment. The Federal Radiological
Emergency Response Plan delineates the role of EPA and several other Federal
agencies that may be involved in responding to a radiological incident. EPA's
role includes: 1) leading the Federal response to an incident involving releases
from foreign-source accidents affecting the U.S. (e.g., a Chernobyl-type event);
2) assisting the Department of Energy (DOE) in monitoring and analysis during the
emergency phase of an accident; 3) leading the post-emergency response effort if
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needed; and, 4) developing and assisting in the implementation of protective
action guides for radiation protection during an emergency.
In 1996 EPA's radiation laboratories, the National Air and Radiation
Environmental Laboratory (NAREL) and the Las Vegas Facility (LVF), will continue
their lead responsibilities for EPA's field measurements in emergency situations.
The Agency will maintain mobile radiological laboratories and support vehicles
as well as an inventory of field instruments to carry out EPA's role. EPA's
Radiological Emergency Response Team includes staff from headquarters and
Regional offices, as well as from the two laboratories.
The Agency's compliance program for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP)
will rely upon LVF's quality assurance and audit activities conducted at several
regionally dispersed DOE waste generator sites. LVF also will support quality
assurance oversight of environmental monitoring at the WIPP site. In addition,
the laboratory will gather information necessary for WIPP recertification.
NAREL and LVF will continue to provide technical support to DOE and
Department of Defense (DOD) clean-up efforts. LVF will conduct field-based
clean-up and monitoring demonstration projects demonstrating Agency guidance and
highlighting emerging technology.
EPA will continue to improve the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring
System (ERAMS). A major component of the overall nuclear accident response
capability, ERAMS includes 268 stations to sample air, precipitation, surface
water, drinking water, soil, and milk. The component sampling stations are
distributed throughout the United States and cover each geographical region,
individual states, and major population centers. The ERAMS stations have the
capability to provide near real-time information on ambient radiation levels
resulting from nuclear accidents, as well as providing a means of following
trends in environmental radiation levels. Data generated from ERAMS are used to
provide the information base for making decisions necessary to ensure the
protection of public health. The addition of site-specific monitoring stations
around known or suspected radioactively contaminated sites will enhance the
networks' capability of providing the most appropriate and reliable data for
determining public health risks.
In 1996 EPA also will conduct field and laboratory measurements and
analyses to support environmental radioactivity standards and to provide a basis
for evaluating environmental radiation sources. NAREL provides capabilities for
surveillance of electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the environment, EMF measurement
calibration, and support for development of EMF guidance. NAREL will continue
a survey of EMF in a typical community to relate environmental EMF levels with
typical sources in a small city.
In addition, the radiation laboratories will provide extensive support to
the Agency's radon and indoor air programs. NAREL will continue to lead the
Agency's Radon Measurement Proficiency (RMP) program with continuing delegation
of responsibilities to industry and states. The RMP program will evaluate the
capability of individuals offering radon measurement and mitigation services and
make the information available to the states and public. However, do to a
disinvestment in the radon program, in another program element, the Agency will
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not evaluate the devices they use. The RMP Program will evaluate radon
calibration services to assure that high quality standards are supported. NAREL
and LVF will establish a quality assurance and certification program for
independent radon laboratories. The laboratories will oversee implementation of
this program and the transfer of proficiency program elements to these labs. LVF
will continue to conduct blind test audits of commercial measurement firms and
to evaluate new measurement devices and technologies.
LVF will continue to play a leadership role in evaluation of practical
applications of measurement, pollution control, and mitigation technology. In
1996 LVF will continue to focus on indoor air guidance for schools with an
expanded, regionally based School Guidance Intervention Study. LVF, with its
utility and energy industry partners, will begin expanded national case studies
of integrated indoor air quality and energy conservation efforts in support of
school guidance development.
Explanation of Change +1.4 FTE + $606.3K (PRO) + $353.4K (AC&C)
The increase of 1.4 FTE and $353,400 will allow for full implementation of
the Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment program. The $606,300 increase in
the Program and Research Operations appropriation reflects increased workforce
costs.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $4,719,700 and 51.3 total workyears for
this program, of which $3,529,500 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $1,190,200 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
EPA plays a significant role in preparing for and responding to accidental
releases of radioactive material into the environment. The Federal Radiological
Emergency Response Plan delineates the role of EPA and several other Federal
agencies that may be involved in responding to a radiological incident. EPA's
role includes: 1) leading the Federal response to an incident involving releases
from foreign-source accidents affecting the U.S. (e.g., a Chernobyl-type event);
2) assisting DOE in monitoring and analysis during the emergency phase of an
accident; 3) leading the post-emergency response effort if needed; and 4)
developing and assisting in the implementation of protective action guides for
radiation protection during an emergency.
In 1995 EPA's radiation laboratories, the National Air and Radiation
Environmental Laboratory (NAREL) and the Las Vegas Facility (LVF), are continuing
their lead responsibilities for EPA's field measurements in emergency situations.
The Agency maintains mobile radiological laboratories and support vehicles as
well as an inventory of field instruments to carry out EPA's role. These
facilities will be upgraded significantly during 1995. EPA's Radiological
Emergency Response Team includes staff from headquarters and Regional offices,
as well as from the two laboratories.
LVF's efforts will begin to evolve from regulatory development to
compliance. LVF, because of technical expertise and geographical advantage, will
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become a key component of EPA's compliance complement. LVF will lead quality
assurance and audit efforts at DOE waste generator sites (primarily western
based) in several regions. LVF will initiate activities at waste storage and
disposal facilities in the western states.
LVF will initiate technical support programs for major clean up efforts
over the next several years. In concert with Headquarters, LVF will begin
cooperative efforts with DOE and DOD. These technical support programs will
focus on new technologies and difficult or challenging site restoration efforts.
The Agency is continuing to improve ERAMS. A major component of the
overall nuclear accident response capability, ERAMS includes 268 stations to
sample air, precipitation, surface water, soil, and milk. These stations have
the capability to provide near real-time information on ambient radiation levels
resulting from nuclear accidents. The addition of site-specific monitoring
stations around known or suspected radioactively contaminated sites will enhance
the networks' capability of providing the most appropriate and reliable data for
determining public health risks. The first site-specific monitoring effort is
currently being established on the Tribal lands of the Prairie Island Dakota
Community in Minnesota. In 1995 EPA also is conducting field and laboratory
measurements and analyses to support environmental radioactivity standards and
to provide a basis for evaluating environmental radiation sources.
In addition, the radiation laboratories provide extensive support to the
Agency's radon and indoor air programs. NAREL continues to lead the Agency's
Radon Measurement Proficiency (RMP) program. The RMP program is evaluating the
capability of individuals offering radon measurement and mitigation services and
making the information available to the states and public. During 1995 EPA will
begin to move many aspects of the RMP Program to the private sector, including
the radon industry, and to states. LVF will continue to operate key components
of the RMP. Blind testing activities will be expanded as the RMP places greater'
reliance on the critical program element. These tests provide the greatest
assurance to consumers obtaining commercial radon measurement services. LVF will
also continue evaluation of radon measurement devices, reducing the overall
"regulatory" burden, and shifting it from individual measurement firms to
manufacturers. The device evaluation program also facilitates the development
of more effective measurement technologies and their availability to consumers.
EPA laboratories are supporting EPA's efforts to provide a healthful
learning environment in the nation's schools. LVF is developing unique expertise
in evaluation of practical applications of energy efficient indoor air
improvement technologies. In 1995 LVF will conduct the School Guidance
Intervention Study in two typical schools. This work will also be used to adapt
standardized workplace measurement protocols for use in schools. This study will
help ensure the Agency's guidance is practical, implementable, and effective.
In addition, LVF, in partnership with utilities and a national energy industry
association, will begin evaluation of integrated approaches to indoor air quality
and energy efficiency in schools.
NAREL will provide capabilities for surveillance of electromagnetic fields
(EMFs) in the environment, EMF measurement calibration, and support for
development of EMF guidance. NAREL will continue a survey of EMF in a typical
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community to relate environmental EMF levels with typical sources in a small
city.
NAREL and LVF are key providers of technical assistance and quality
assurance support for other Federal agencies, Indian nations, and partner non-
profit organizations.
1994 Program
The Agency allocated a total of $4,960,900 and 44.3 total workyears for
this program, of which $2,981,500 was from the Program Research Operations
appropriation and $1,979,400 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
To help prepare for responding to accidental releases of radioactive
materials, EPA initiated upgrades of mobile laboratories and instruments. An EPA
radiological emergency response exercise provided training for response team
personnel from the labs, headquarters, and Regional offices. EPA personnel also
participated in Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center planning
for future Federal exercises or emergencies.
LVF supported the development of the Agency's compliance criteria for WIPP
using the laboratory's expertise in the areas of waste characterization,
environmental monitoring, and quality assurance. LVF led the development of
criteria for quality assurance and qualification of data, a key component of the
WIPP certification process. LVF staff also monitored DOE quality assurance
audits and waste characterization programs.
LVF led an inter-agency workgroup that produced the Multi-Agency Radiation
Site Investigation Manual (MARSIM), a key tool for future contaminated site
clean-up efforts. This document, and the companion Multi-Agency Radiation
Laboratory Procedures Manual (MARLAP) benefitted from EPA laboratories' expertise
in radiological environmental assessment, monitoring, and radioanalysis.
ERAMS, maintained by NAREL, continued to provide data identifying
concentrations of radioactive materials in the environment. Data generated from
ERAMS have been and are being used to provide the information base for making
decisions necessary to ensure the protection of public health. Site-specific
monitoring stations around known or suspected radioactively contaminated sites
have been established to enhance the network's capabilities. Sites have been
recently added in Alaska in response to public concern over aging nuclear
reactors in the former Soviet Union.
The electromagnetic fields laboratory at NAREL began planning a community
based study of electric and magnetic fields in the environment. The study will
initially compare measured Radiofrequency (RF) field strengths with computer
predictions using state-of-the-art computer simulations.
EPA initiated transfer of the Radon Measurement Proficiency Program (RMP)
management to NAREL and began efforts to streamline this program. Three sets of
quality assurance tests for organizations that perform radon measurements for the
public were completed at the EPA laboratories during 1994. LVF's radon lab
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evaluated over 100 radon measurement devices through its device evaluation
program. In 1994 LVF assumed responsibility for the RMP's blind test, the most
rigorous component of this program. LVF also coordinated two international radon
measurement intercomparisons in conjunction with the International Atomic Energy
Agency, which solidified EPA's leadership role in radiation measurement
worldwide.
LVF conducted field studies to support the development of standardized
protocols for measurement of indoor air quality in schools and workplaces. These
protocols are the basis for EPA's comprehensive Building Assessment, Survey, and
Evaluation (BASE) program. LVF completed the pilot phase of the School
Ventilation Improvement Project (SVIP). This project evaluated state-of-the-art
energy efficient ventilation technology to improve air quality and comfort in
public schools.
Radon State Grant Program
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,158,000 for this program, all of which
is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents no
change from 1995.
In 1996 EPA will provide financial support to states to assist them in the
development and implementation of programs to assess, mitigate, and prevent radon
problems and protect public health. State programs funded through these Federal
grants will include activities such as carrying out radon surveys; conducting
radon assessment, mitigation, and prevention programs; developing public
information and education materials; developing data storage and management
systems; operating radon hotlines; and purchasing analytical equipment. States
.will establish quantitative goals and measure bottom-line results.
EPA headquarters, in cooperation with the Regions, will evaluate the use
of grant funds. Administration of the program will emphasize risk targeting and
include consideration of whether states have made reasonable efforts to ensure
adoption of radon model construction standards and techniques.
The Administration will propose legislation to include this grant program
in the Performance Partnership Initiative. A state could elect to consolidate
this and other categorical media grants into one or more multimedia or single
media grants. The state could then target its most pressing environmental
problems and use the performance partnership grant for a number of activities
including pollution control, abatement and enforcement. This program will not
compromise basic national objectives and legislative requirements.
Explanation of Change +/- ° FTE +/- $0 (PRO) +/- $0 (AC&C)
No change in resources.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $8,158,000 for this program, all of
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which is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1995 EPA continues to provide financial support to states to assist them
in the development and implementation of programs to assess, mitigate, and
prevent radon problems. State programs funded through these Federal grants
include activities such as carrying out radon surveys; conducting radon
assessment, mitigation, and prevention programs; developing public information
and education materials; developing data storage and management systems;
operating radon hotlines; and purchasing analytical equipment. States continue
to establish quantitative goals and measure bottom-line results.
EPA headquarters, in cooperation with the Regions, continues to evaluate
use of grant funds. Administration of the program emphasizes risk targeting and
includes consideration of whether states made reasonable efforts to ensure
adoption of radon model construction standards and techniques. State
implementation of previously awarded radon grant funds is being reviewed and
given consideration as new funds are distributed.
1994 Program
The Agency allocated a total of $8,962,000 for this program, all of which
was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1994 EPA continued to provide financial support to states to assist them
in the development and the implementation of programs to assess, mitigate, and
prevent radon problems. State program activities funded through these Federal
grants included: carried out radon surveys; conducted radon assessment,
mitigation, and prevention programs; developed public information and education
materials; developed data storage and management systems; operated radon
hotlines; and purchased analytical equipment. States continued to establish
quantitative goals and measure bottom-line results.
EPA headquarters, in cooperation with the Regions, continued to evaluate
use of grant funds. Administration of the program emphasized risk targeting and
included consideration of whether states had made reasonable efforts to ensure
adoption of radon model construction standards and techniques. State
implementation of previously awarded radon grant funds was reviewed and given
consideration as new funds were distributed.
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RADIATION
Working Capital Fund - Radiation
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Working Capital Fund -
Radiation
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$73.4 $73.4 $73.4
$73.4 $73.4 $73.4
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$73.4 $73.4 $73.4
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Working Capital Fund -
Radiation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Working Capital Fund
Radiation
TOTAL WORKYEARS
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RADIATION
*
WORKING CAPITAL FUND
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $73,400 for this program, all of which is for
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This is a new program
element in 1996.
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $73,400 for this program, all of which is for
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This is an increase of
$73,400 from 1995. This is a new program element in 1996; these resources were
formerly in the Management media.
This program element contains resources for the Regional Working Capital
Fund for the Radiation Media. The resources include the base resources to pay
for program postage costs that provide all routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal
Services and includes regular First, Third, and Fourth Class mail; Post Office
Express Mail; two-day priority mail; registered and certified mail and pouch
mail; Federal Express overnight mail; and United Parcel Service shipments. The
increase will provide for annualization of the February, 1995 postal rate
increase of 10.3 percent. For National Data Processing Division (NDPD)
operations, the base dollars provide an on-going data processing and
telecommunication services for this program. These services are classified into
five cost centers: Enterprise Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop
Services, Technical Consulting Services, and Scientific Computing Services.
Investment resources will provide the program's share of depreciation of capital
assets, increased service costs, additional mainframe capacity, investments in
network services, and investments in technical consulting services.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGE +/- 0 FTE +$73.4K (AC&C)
This program element contains resources for the Regional Working Capital
Fund for the Radiation Media. The resources include the base resources to pay
for program postage costs that provide all routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal
Services and includes regular First, Third, and Fourth Class mail; Post Office
Express Mail; two-day priority mail; registered and certified mail and pouch
mail; Federal Express overnight mail; and United Parcel Service shipments. The
increase will provide for annualization of the February, 1995 postal rate
increase of 10.3 percent. For NDPD operations, the base dollars provide an on-
going data processing and telecommunication services for this program. These
services are classified into five cost centers: Enterprise Computing Services,
Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical Consulting Services and Scientific
Computing Services. Investment resources will provide the program's share of
depreciation of capital assets, increased service costs, additional mainframe
capacity, investments in network services and investments in technical consulting
services.
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1995 Program
This is a new program element for 1996,
1994 Accomplishments
This is a new program element for 1996,
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
WATER QUALITY 4-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research 4-11
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Water Quality and Grants Program Management 4-21
Great Lakes Program 4-22
Chesapeake Bay Program 4-25
Engineering & Analysis 4-29
Engineering and Analysis 4-30
Grants Assistance Programs 4-33
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) 4-34
Clean Lakes Program 4-37
Water Quality Cooperative Agreements 4-37
Water Quality Strategies Implementation 4-40
Wetlands Protection 4-42
Nonpoint Source Management Grants 4-45
Wetlands Program Implementation Grants 4-47
Ocean Disposal Permits 4-48
Water Quality Criteria, Standards & Applications 4-50
Water Quality Financial Assistance 4-53
Wastewater Management and Technology 4-56
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis , 4-60
Coastal Environment Management 4-61
Assessment and Watershed Protection 4-65
Municipal Source Control 4-71
Municipal Pollution Control 4-72
Water Quality Permit Issuance 4-75
Permit Issuance 4-76
Working Capital Fund-Water Quality 4-79
Working Capital Fund - Water Quality 4-80
ENFORCEMENT
Water Quality Enforcement 4-83
Water Quality Enforcement 4-84
Wetlands Protection Enforcement 4-86
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APPROPRIATION
WATER QUALITY
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Water Infrastructure
Program & Research
operation - Flood
Reimbursements
TOTAL, Water Quality
$136,446.7 $138,200.6 $139,878.2 $139,819.8 $149,162.0 $9,342.2 $10,961.4
$243,880.6 $244,226.1 $250,230.0 $249,855.2 $368,493.2 $118,638.0 $124,267.1
$14,177.7 $13,312.5 $10,730.1 $10,237.8 $8,274.4 -$1,963.4 -$5,038.1
$98,779.2 $100,000.0 $122,500.0 $122,500.0 -$122,500.0 $100,000.0
$253.6
$493,537.8 $495,739.2 $523,338.3 $522,412.8 $525,929.6 $3,516.8 $30,190.4
Ocean Dumping Fund
$2.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
2,036.5
2,113.2
2,068.4
2,068.4
2,142.4
2,206.9
2,117.8
2,182.3
2,105.0
2,165.4
-12.8
-16.9
36.6
97.0
$415,886.2 $462,874.3 $395,204.3 $387,349.4 $491,510.7 $104,161.3 $28,636.4
Authorization for the Clean Water Act as amended in 1987 expired on September 30, 1990.
Reauthorization is pending. The Environmental Research, Development and Demonstration Act
expired September 30, 1981. Reauthorization is pending.
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WATER QUALITY
DI FFERENCE
PRES. CURRENT
BUDGET ENACTED ESTIMATE
1995 1995 1995
ENACTED VS
PRES. BUD
EST. VS EST. VS
PRES. BUD ENACTED
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Water Infrastructure
Program & Research
operation - Flood
Reimbursements
TOTAL. Water Quality
$138,200.6 $139,878.2 $139,819.8 $1,677.6 $1,619.2 -$58.4
$244,226.1 $250,230.0 $249,855.2 $6,003.9 $5,629.1 -$374.8
$13,312.5 $10,730.1 $10,237.8 -$2,582.4 -$3,074.7 -$492.3
$100,000.0 $122,500.0 $122,500.0 $22,500.0 $22,500.0
$495,739.2 $523,338.3 $522,412.8 $27,599.1 $26,673.6 -$925.5
Ocean Dumping Fund
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
2,068.4
2,068.4
2,142.4
2,206.9
2,117.8
2,182.3
74.0
138.5
49.4
113.9
-24.6
-24.6
The following points list the major reasons that the dollars devoted to this media have changed from submission
of the President's 1995 Budget to the 1995 Current Estimate.
PROGRAM AND RESEARCH OPERATIONS
o Funds were decreased as part of the general reduction as required by P..L. 103-327.
o Congressional action has resulted in reductions in the PRO account.
o Redirections by the Administrator.
o The distribution of PRO resources associated with the Agency's "contractor conversion" reform initiative
has impacted account balances.
ABATEMENT. CONTROL AND COMPLIANCE
o Funds were increased through Congressional add-ons to provide funding for numerous projects.
o Funds were decreased for specific Congressional reductions for NAFTA and Environmental Technology
Initiative.
o Funds were decreased as part of the general reduction as required by P.L. 103-327; and to fund
priorities of the Administrator.
o Funds were increased to address emerging environmental priorities supported by the Administrator.
Research and Development
o Congressional action has resulted in reductions in the R&D account which are partially offset by
Congressionally directed projects for Non-Point Source Prevention and the Freshwater Institute.
o Reductions to implement the Agency's contract reform initiative.
o Redirection of resources to multimedia for the Fellowship Program.
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WATER QUALITY
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The fundamental strategy of the water quality program is to continue to
transform the program from a source-by-source, pollutant-by-pollutant focus, to
one that emphasizes the watershed as the functional unit, protecting both human
and ecosystem health. In the President's 1995 budget request, the water quality
program made the most dramatic base redirection in its history to focus more
resources on the components of the watershed approach -- critical ecosystems,
partnerships, strong science and data, and pollution prevention. In 1996, the
Agency will build on efforts already underway to protect aquatic resources and
human health using the watershed or place-based approach. Our vision is one of
watershed protection through partnerships, with action being taken at the local
level, principally through state and local governments as well as by private
citizens.
The Water Quality Program's achievements over the last two decades can be
attributed largely to nationwide regulations limiting point source discharges
from industrial and municipal facilities. Through the Water Quality Act of 1987,
which amended the Clean Water Act (CWA), our responsibilities continue to grow.
The Water Quality Act ratified existing programs such as technology-based and
water quality-based effluent limits for point source dischargers, and provided
new tools, such as mandatory permits to control sewage sludge contamination,
administrative penalties to streamline enforcement actions, and water
infrastructure loans available under the State Revolving Fund program. Other
statutory mandates are found under the Great Lakes Critical Programs Act (GLCPA) ,
Water Resources Development Act (WRDA) of 1992, the Marine Protection, Research
and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA), the Shore Protection Act (SPA), the Coastal Zone Act
Reauthorization Amendments (CZARA) , and the North American Waterfowl Conservation
. Act (NAWCA).
Our 1996 request recognizes the need to maintain strong base programs and
meet key statutory requirements while redirecting efforts to the goals in
President Clinton's Clean Water Initiative and Wetlands Plan. Our proposal will
enable EPA to provide leadership in addressing the substantial water quality
problems that remain in the U.S. , including the continuing decline of aquatic
habitat and species, and the 40 percent of waters that do not yet meet water
quality standards. By redirecting existing resources and making strategic
resource investments, EPA can respond effectively to these water quality problems
that have proved resistant to traditional approaches.
FY 1996 Program Highlights
A Place-Based Approach
Due to the successes of existing place-based programs such as those in the
Chesapeake Bay, Great Lakes, Gulf of Mexico, and the National Estuary Program,
we can expand upon the experience, expertise and networks to deliver training and
tools to a nation-wide place-based initiative. The water quality program will
further this effort with its investments in 1996.
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EPA will establish an Ecosystem Regional Implementation Corps dedicated to
work with states and other stakeholders to focus implementation activities on a
watershed basis. Strong, active partnerships must be formed with stakeholders
in each selected place, including other Federal agencies, state and local
agencies, Indian tribes, industry, and other non-governmental organizations. For
this approach to succeed, EPA will deploy staff in the Regions to participate in
intergovernmental teams that devote their energies to assessing, planning,
implementing, and measuring sustainable environmental and economic gains in
specific places. A modest front-end investment will be required in 1996 to
create an initial cadre of team leaders and staff in each EPA Region. These
activities will complement several new Regional reorganizations that are
intended, among other improvements, to better align our programs around places
such as communities and watersheds.
Stronger Partnerships with States, Indian Tribes and Other Federal Agencies
In 1996, investments will assist states and Indian tribes to identify those
places in need of attention (e.g., ecosystems, watersheds, drinking water
protection areas) and will support implementation of appropriate actions,
including reducing pollutant loadings, revising water quality standards, and
restoring habitat. The Agency will also assist states and Indian tribes in
integrating efforts with other Federal agencies and will invest in building
tribal capacity to develop and carry out comprehensive water programs within a
streamlined grants program.
Survival of endangered species is dependent on the protection and
restoration of their habitat. Since the location and number of threatened and
endangered species are factors in setting watershed protection priorities, EPA
will strengthen our partnerships with the Fish and Wildlife Service and National
Marine Fisheries Service to ensure that NPDES permits and other water quality
programs are integrated with habitat protection programs.
Wetlands Protection
The Agency will continue its implementation of the President's 1993
Wetlands Plan. During 1996, the Agency will improve wetlands protection within
local and Regional frameworks that support identification and targeting of
priorities and enhance involvement of landowners and other stakeholders. We will
continue our efforts to support market-based incentives to address wetlands loss
and alteration, including improving wetlands assessment methods, to distinguish
among levels of wetland values and enhancing tools to foster mitigation banking.
Grants will provide assistance to states for development of programs to assume
Section 404 authorities, streamlining regulatory authorities, development of
State Wetlands Conservation Plans and other comprehensive program efforts.
Environmental Technology Initiative
The primary focus of the President's Environmental Technology Initiative
(ETI) is to build partnerships leveraging public and private resources to promote
the development, commercialization and use of environmental technologies.
Resources will be allocated among Federal, state, tribal, private, and non-profit
sectors to create incentives for the development and use of innovative
4-4
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technologies to meet Federal and state environmental regulations, reduce trade
barriers to innovative technology and improve the competitiveness of the
environmental technology industry in both the domestic and international markets.
Given the nature of the ETI project solicitation process, the precise mix of ETI
projects to be selected and funded by the Agency will be made during the course
of each fiscal year. Specifically, the Agency continues to support the
Environmental Technology Innovation, Commercialization, and Enhancement (EnTICE)
program. This program is designed to help the private sector overcome
impediments to the development and use of innovative environmental technologies
and incorporates elements mentioned above.
Nonpoint Source Pollution
The Agency will continue to support the President's Watershed Restoration
Initiative to address nonpoint source (NPS) pollution, the greatest remaining
threat to the nation's water quality, through implementation of the CWA Section
319 grants program to protect and restore watersheds. In advancing ecosystem
protection, Section 319 funds will support specific state-designated local
watershed restoration projects and statewide NPS implementation activities. This
will include upgrading the level and quality of NPS controls being applied in
high priority watersheds to reflect the best economically achievable management
measures available.
Technical Tools and Data
To determine the nature of water quality problems, what actions to take,
and evaluate the results of the actions taken, the Agency will invest in
developing better scientific and technical tools and data. This effort will
focus not only on specific pollutants and water quality parameters, but also
tools and data linked to living resources and habitat. This includes removing
barriers to integrating data from multiple sources to allow comprehensive
assessment of designated geographic places.
The Agency will work with two pilot states to incorporate the ecological
risk framework into the structure of the states' water quality standards programs
as potential national models. The pilots will incorporate a new ecological risk
assessment methodology and expand new ecological tools (e.g., bioassessment
methods and biocriteria, improved aquatic life criteria, wildlife criteria,
habitat evaluations, whole effluent and whole sediment toxicity bioassays, and
ecological models). Guidance on this new ecosystem approach will be incorporated
into a new Use Attainability Analysis Guidance for use by states.
As the Agency continues to emphasize prevention and control of polluted
runoff, we will continue to develop regulations, policies and other tools to deal
with wet weather problems such as storm water, combined sewer overflows (CSOs),
and sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) in priority watersheds. We will also provide
grant assistance for state water quality programs to develop and broaden the use
of results-oriented environmental indicators to measure success and guide
decision-making.
Developing and targeting protection strategies for identified priority
ecosystems will require improved monitoring and assessment tools. The Agency
4-5
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will continue to work with other Federal agencies and with states to identify and
characterize impaired/threatened waters and to use environmental indicators to
measure progress against national goals. The Agency will continue to participate
on the interagency monitoring coordinating committee, and will begin developing
with our state partners strengthened guidance defining a minimum base state
monitoring and reporting programs.
Pollution Prevention and Environmental Accountability
A critical component of the Agency's strategy is to reach out to the
regulated community and the public to educate, and involve them in, environmental
protection and pollution prevention. EPA will accomplish this largely through
voluntary cooperative programs including expansion of citizen monitoring programs
for water quality and biological resources; continuation of the Water Alliances
for Voluntary Efficiency (WAVE) Program for voluntary water conservation in
commercial establishments; and through the Effluent Guidelines Program, which
incorporates the principle of pollution prevention by considering source
reduction, recycling and reuse as means for industry to reduce or eliminate
wastewater discharges.
Environmental Justice
Water quality activities will include recognition of the Agency's goal of
environmental justice, ensuring that no segment of the population bears
disproportionately high adverse human health and environmental effects. The
Agency will initiate a national study of existing data on mercury contamination
in fish; evaluate current risk assessment methodologies to develop human health
levels of concern for mercury; begin development of the first national human
health criterion for contaminated sediments; and provide guidance to minority and
subsistence fishermen in major lakes and reservoirs that have mercury-
contaminated fish. The Agency will also provide small and disadvantaged
communities with technical and financial assistance to evaluate alternative
financing mechanisms for wastewater infrastructure. This is a particularly
important issue in the communities along the U.S./Mexico border. EPA will
provide assistance in bringing wastewater treatment to the U.S. Colonias
settlements along the border in Texas to address the serious human health and
environmental threats faced by these communities.
Common Sense Initiative
The Water Quality program will also support the Administrator's Common
Sense Initiative (CSI) to develop comprehensive environmental strategies for
entire industry sectors. The CSI, a cooperative effort involving both the
regulated industries and environmental groups, seeks to identify and implement
recommendations for greater environmental protection at less cost--"cleaner,
cheaper, smarter" environmental protection. Because of the multi-media focus,
the Water Quality program will play a significant role in each of the industry
sector teams, and will have the lead for the Iron and Steel Industry team. The
effluent guidelines, permitting and pretreatment program areas will play the
largest roles because they most closely align with the six key elements of the
CSI: regulatory review, pollution prevention, permitting, reporting and
4-6
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recordkeeping, compliance and enforcement, and innovative environmental
technology.
Water Quality Enforcement
In 1996, the Water Quality enforcement program will promote a comprehensive
approach for compliance and enforcement to the regulated community to ensure
environmental accountability in protection of the nation's waterways and
wetlands. The Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (OECA) will
implement the new place-based targeting approach to enforcement in 1996. Regions
will work with state, local and tribal partners in identifying stressed and
threatened ecosystems in high-risk sectors and geographic areas and select the
most appropriate enforcement response to address any given violation. The
enforcement program will give special attention to environmental justice issues
through compliance analysis and targeted data analysis of communities exposed to
multiple environmental risks by initiating a Posted Stream Segments Enforcement
Initiative. Particular attention will be given to the Native American
populations that live near water segments that have been identified as so
polluted that they are no longer safe for fishing and/or swimming, and sources
with wet weather problems, such as CSOs, stormwater, agricultural run off from
feedlots, and overflows from separate sanitary sewers.
Wetlands protection will be an important priority under the OECA. The
Regional wetlands enforcement program will implement the Agency's authority under
CWA section 404 to promote compliance and enforcement activities to ensure that
there is no net loss of wetlands resulting from discharges of dredged and fill
materials. The Agency will improve our partnerships with Federal, tribal, state
and local agencies in addressing wetlands protection concerns in compliance
assurance strategies, and improved communications resulting in cooperation and
understanding among government partners. The Agency will continue compliance
assistance activities and further develop enforcement capacity through exchange '
of information and by promoting innovative, comprehensive approaches to
environmental compliance to the regulated community.
Water Quality Research
In 1996, the restructuring of the Water Quality research program to support
the new Ecosystems Protection research program will be complete. Research
activities in coastal and marine, large lakes and rivers, wetlands, contaminated
sediments, aquatic ecocriteria, nonpoint sources, and habitat/biodiversity are
consolidated into the Integrated Ecosystem Protection and Restoration Research
Program under the Agency's overall Multimedia Program.
The Agency's research has historically focused on specific, individual
stresses. Since multiple stresses threaten our resources and general well-being,
attention must be given to the overall environmental health of specific
ecosystems. To accomplish this research, a "place-driven" rather than "program-
driven" approach is needed. To protect, maintain, and restore the ecological
integrity of the nation's lands and waters, including health of humans, as well
as plant and animal species we must focus on multiple stresses with an ecosystem
perspective. The Office of Research and Development restructured the ecological
planning issues to implement a more integrated view of ecosystem protection
4-7
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rather than as individual specific media. The program has been designed to
develop the scientific understanding and techniques required for effective
integrated ecological risk assessment and ecosystem protection at multiple
scales; watershed, Regional and national.
Wastewater and sludge research is reduced while continuing to support the
technical review of guidance on the effectiveness of proposed sludge treatment
processes. The Office of Research and Development will utilize the best science
available at EPA laboratories, academic institutions, other Federal agencies, and
the private sector to achieve the goals and objectives of this program.
Working Capital Fund
Resources in the Water Quality Program will support the Agency's Working
Capital Fund (WCF), whereby individual programs will pay on an as-needed basis
for services that have traditionally been funded through central administrative
budgets. The WCF, expected to promote more economical and efficient support
mechanisms, will include funding for postage, data processing, and
telecommunication services.
Consulting Services
The Water Quality program contracts for advisory and assistance services
to: provide technical assistance to Regions, states, Indian Tribes, and local
governments; assist in the collection of environmental data; assist in the
monitoring of environmental conditions; as'sist in developing the scientific,
technological, and economic bases for future regulatory actions; and conduct
studies and analyses that support water quality programs. The Agency monitors
advisory and assistance services contracts closely and programs develop special
"management control plans" to ensure they are appropriately used.
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WATER QUALITY
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
INCREMENTAL OUTPUTS
ACTUAL
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
ESTIMATE
1996
Ocean Dumping Dredged Material
Permit Review 335
Ocean Dumping
Awards (from deobligations) 28
Active Construction
Workload (EOY) 2239
WIF Special Projects
Workload 0
Permits Issued by EPA
Municipal & Nonmunicipal
General
Adjudicatory Hearings
Resolved
Enforcement Actions
Inspections
Admin Compliance Orders
Admin Penalty Orders
Civil Litigation
Criminal Litigation
Clean Lakes
Projects/Studies/Assessments 85
336
30
40
388
36
1450
53
340
90
100
383
849
50
340
100
150
INCREASE (+)
DECREASE (-)
1995 vs.1996
-5
Site Designations
Ocean Discharge Criteria Eval.
General
Major
Minor
Construction Grants
3
7
4
0
2
4
5
1
3
4
9
0
+1
0
+4
-1
-35
-601
-3
0
+10
+50
1783
666
209
81
61
2400
626
307
60
40
2400
549
433
66
43
0
-77
126
6
3
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WATER QUALITY
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
CUMULATIVE OUTPUTS
Water Quality Criteria
Aquatic Life
Sediment
Operating SRF Programs
ACTUAL
1994
4
5
51
Effluent Guidelines Categories
Final Rules 51
NPDES State Approvals 40
General Permit State Programs 39
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
4
5
51
52
41
40
ESTIMATE
1996
4
5
51
56
42
41
INCREASE (+)
DECREASE (-)
1995 vs.1996
0
0
+4
+1
+1
Water Quality Criteria
Aquatic Life
Sediment
46
5
50
10
54
15
+4
+5
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Water Quality Research
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Water Quality Research TOTAL
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Water Quality Research
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Water Quality Research
TOTAL WORKYEARS
$12,307.5
$492.5
$14,177.7
$26,977.7
$12,307.5
$492.5
$14,177.7
$26,977.7
176.4
176.4
181.4
181.4
$11,903.4
$13,312.5
$25,215.9
$11,903.4
$13,312.5
$25,215.9
158.9
158.9
158.9
158.9
$12,726.9
$10,730.1
$23,457.0
$12,726.9
$10,730.1
$23,457.0
190.8
190.8
190.8
190.8
$12,664.5
$10,237.8
$22,902.3
$12,664.5
$10,237.8
$22,902.3
188.2
188.2
188.2
188.2
$12,968.7
$8,274.4
$21,243.1
$12,968.7
$8,274.4
$21,243.1
180.4
180.4
180.4
180.4
$304.2
-$1,963.4
-$1,659.2
$304.2
-$1,963.4
-$1,659.2
-7.8
-7.8
-7.8
-7.8
$1,065.3
-$5,038.1
-$3,972.8
$1,065.3
-$5,038.1
-$3,972.8
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
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WATER QUALITY
WATER QUALITY RESEARCH
PRINCIPAL OUTPUTS
1996: o Development of a biodiversity atlas for the State of Oregon.
o Reports on environmental studies of New Bedford Harbor.
o Effects of dredging activities on the biological communities in
Bayou Texar, FL.
o Complete evaluation of plant species diversity and distributions
in naturally occurring wetlands and mitigation projects in Oregon
o Complete a field study evaluating the importance of the
composition and spatial pattern of habitats on the species
composition, abundance, and nest success of birds in agricultural
watersheds in Iowa.
o Complete a multiscale analysis of effects of agriculture on
terrestrial biota in Iowa and develop alternative landscape design
and management plans that optimize ecological benefits and
agricultural production in watersheds in Iowa and similar regions.
o Effects of agricultural land-use practices on secondary
productivity of Chironomidae in prairie pothole wetlands.
o Use of stable isotope analysis to elucidate food web dynamics in
control and impacted prairie wetlands.
1995: o Complete research on totally chlorine free pulping for the pulp
and paper industry.
o Seasonal sediment quality in shallow Gulf of Mexico estuaries.
o Relationship of benthic diversity to sediment toxicity in shallow
Gulf of Mexico estuaries.
o Effect of point source discharges on the ecological condition of
Escambia Bay, Florida.
o Evaluation of the landscape function of wetlands in Illinois.
o Complete an ecological risk assessment for agricultural effects on
terrestrial wildlife in watersheds like Walnut Creek, Iowa.
o Use of a freshwater sediment quality database in evaluation of
sediment quality criteria based on equilibrium partitioning and
screening level concentrations.
o Complete guidance document on prairie wetland bioindicators.
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o Complete draft report on relative risk rankings by pesticides and
counties of the Missouri Coteau Ecoregion of North Dakota.
1994: o Completed a report on the effects of water quality criteria
chemicals on survival, growth, and bioaccumulation in amphibians.
o Completed a report on the habitat quality and ecological condition
of wetlands constructed for wastewater treatment in Florida.
o Completed the development of a database on wetlands used for
wastewater treatment in North America.
o Completed the final drafts of two documents (with computer
programs): "Pathogen Risk Assessment Methodology for Municipal
Sludge Landfilling and Surface Disposal" and "User's Manual for
Municipal Sewage Sludge".
o Developed a multimedia pathogens risk assessment methodology for
the important sludge reuse option of land application (including
distribution and marketing).
o Completed the three-dimensional visualization of ecotoxicology
models for environmental toxicology research and education.
o Completed publication on the validity of single species toxicity
tests to predict the ecological effects of point source toxics in
Gulf of Mexico estuaries.
o Completed the Avian Richness Evaluation Method (AREM) for the
lowland wetlands of the Colorado Plateau.
o Completed database of North American wetlands being used for
wastewater treatment.
o Completed biological effects testing procedures for dredged
materials in Great Lakes.
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
Budget Request
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,243,100 supported by 180.4 total
workyears for 1996, a decrease of $1,659,200 and 7.8 workyears from 1995. Of the
request, $12,968,700 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and $8,274,400 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $304,200 in the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and a $1,963,400 decrease In the Research and
Development appropriation.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $22,902,300 supported by 188.2
workyears for 1995 for this program element, of which $12,664,500 is from the
Program and Research Operations appropriation and $10,237,800 is from the
Research and Development appropriation.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $26,977,700 supported by 181.4 total
workyears for this program element, of which $12,307,500 was from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation, $14,177,700 was from the Research and
Development appropriation and $492,500 was from the Abatement Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Research Issues
The Water Quality Research Program develops and analyzes scientific data
and technologies to help protect the designated uses of our nation's waters and
related ecosystems and supports the Agency rule making activities under the Clean
Water Act. It provides the data, technologies, and scientific information
necessary for criteria and standards issued by the Office of Water, and technical
assistance to other EPA regulatory programs, states and municipalities to
minimize the environmental and human health risks associated with pollutant
discharges and other environmental stressors and disturbances to fresh,
estuarine, and marine waters.
Changes reflected in this submission, include the realignment of resources
for Wastewater and Sludge activities to other Agency priorities.
The sections below describe research program issues by each fiscal year.
Ecosystem Protection
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,010,200 and 124.9 workyears for 1996,
a decrease of $594,100 and 0.4 workyears. The request of $8,010,200 will be for
4-14
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the Research and Development appropriation. The Program and Research Operations
appropriation funding related to workyears can be found under the Infrastructure
Issue.
As the focus of resource management expands beyond the control of
individual chemicals and focuses more on integrated approaches to resolving
stress related problems, it is increasingly important that the tools and the
understanding necessary to effectively manage these resources be widely
applicable and available. It is the purpose of this research to contribute to
the development of both the tools and the understanding necessary to manage
aquatic resources in an integrated way.
The Office of Water has selected a watershed management approach to find
the most cost effective way to maintain water resources. While this approach has
already proven to be successful, much of the effort has been through trial and
error; recognizing the scientific foundations for alternative management benefits
have not been determined nor have the tools to assess alternatives been provided.
It will be, therefore, the primary focus of this research to develop the tools
and understanding necessary to assist in watershed and regional management.
To accomplish this focus on multiple stresses with an ecosystem
perspective, the Office of Research and Development began consolidating its
ecological research activities in different medias into an integrated program in
1995. By 1996, it is expected that the consolidation will be complete. The
change reflects the transition to a more integrated view of ecosystem protection
rather than as individual specific media.
The program is designed to develop the scientific understanding and
techniques required for effective integrated ecological risk assessment and
ecosystem protection at multiple scales; in particular the watershed, but also
geographically and ecologically defined regions, and nationally. The Office of
Water utilize the tools developed to better manage the biological and chemical
conditions of surface water (lakes, streams and estuaries) and to measure the
success of regulations. Watershed research will focus on real problems at real
places. The regional scale studies will focus on South Florida, the Pacific
Northwest and the Mid-Atlantic Region (including the Chesapeake Bay Watershed).
Work in the Great Lakes, the Prairie Potholes of the Great Plains, and the Gulf
of Mexico will also continue as these studies have taken an integrated approach
since their inception.
Explanation of Change -0.4 FTE -$594.IK, (R&D)
Decreases reflect funding reductions related to the 1995 Congressional
earmarks for Non-Point Source Prevention and the Freshwater Institute.
1995 Program
The Office of Research and Development consolidated its diverse ecological
research activities into an integrated program. Activities consolidated were
previously included in the Water Quality issues for Sediment Criteria, Aquatic
Criteria, Coastal Research, Wetlands, Large Lakes and Rivers, Nonpoint Source
Pollution, and Habitat/biodiversity.
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The goal of the Integrated Ecosystem Protection and Restoration Research
Program is to develop the scientific understanding and techniques required for
effective integrated ecological risk assessment and ecosystem protection at
multiple scales. The Office of Water utilize the tools developed to better manage
the biological and chemical conditions of surface water (lakes, streams and
estuaries) and to measure the success of regulations. The Program has been
designed to meet this goal by monitoring the conditions of ecological resources,
investigating ecosystem response to human induced stress, developing models to
predict the response of ecosystems to alternative management strategies, and
assessing multiple management options at three scales; the watershed,
geographically and ecologically defined regions, and nationally. These three
scales require different approaches, involve different methods and must be
tailored to the information needs and responsibilities of Federal, State, and
local ecological resource managers and regulatory officials.
The geographic ecosystems being studied in 1995 included the Prairie
Potholes of the Great Plains, Great Lakes, Acadian Province, Gulf of Mexico,
Chesapeake Bay Watershed and the Pacific Northwest regions of the U.S.
Congressional Directives. A total of $620,000 is for the Congressional
directed projects of Non-Point Source Prevention and the Fresh Water Institute,
of which $12,400 is for this Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program
in the Multimedia program element in the Innovative Technologies Research Issue.
1994 Accomplishments
EPA completed several projects which support the Integrated Ecosystem
Protection and Restoration Issue. These include: 1) a report on the effects of
water quality criteria chemicals on survival, growth, and bioaccumulation in
amphibians; 2) a report on habitat quality and ecological condition of wetlands
constructed for wastewater treatment in Florida; 3) the development of a data
base on wetlands used for wastewater treatment in North America; and 4) three-
dimensional visualization of ecotoxicology models for environmental toxicology
research and education. State-of-the-art computer visualization techniques are
being used to generate three-dimensional images of output from a physiological
based toxicokinetic (PB-TK) model. PB-TK models are mathematical models, based
on anatomical, physiological, and biochemical attributes, that can be used to
predict species-specific accumulation of chemicals based on different exposure
scenarios. All projects are in direct support of the Office of Water's Watershed
Management Strategy and the development of Water Quality Criteria. The Office
of Water utilize the tools developed to better manage the biological and chemical
conditions of surface water (lakes, streams and estuaries) and to measure the
success of regulations.
Sludge and Wastewater
1996 Program Request
The Agency is requesting no Research and Development appropriation
resources and 4.3 total workyears in 1996, a decrease of $1,368,800 and 3.1
workyears from 1995. The Program and Research Operations appropriation funding
related to workyears can be found within the Infrastructure Issue.
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EPA will provide a maintenance level of in-house support to the Pathogen
Equivalency Committee (PEC) which reviews guidance on the effectiveness of
proposed sludge treatment processes to reduce pathogens and the attraction- of
disease carrying insects and organisms. The PEC makes recommendations as to
whether the treatment process in question is equivalent to established criteria.
Scientists will maintain awareness of gene probe methods, including sample
preparation, for detecting viral and protozoan pathogens in wastewater and
sludge, and maintain methods to distinguish human sources of fecal contamination
from animal sources to enhance risk assessment of infectious diseases associated
with wastewater and sludge.
Explanation of Change -3.1 FTE -$1,368.8K (R&D)
Most activities will be either eliminated or reduced to this mature
activity. Remaining activities will focus on support of Agency workgroups, such
as the Pathogen Equivalency Committee, finishing out previously funded activity
to assure that results from previous grants and contracts are not wasted. Some
technical support to the program offices and Regions will maintain an awareness
of new methods potentially useful for Agency needs. Sludge and Wastewater
research is considered a lower priority on the new risk paradigm which looks at
the degree research can reduce the uncertainty in risk management or make a
significant contribution to facilitate risk management.
1995 Program
The focus of this research in 1995 is conclude all extramural projects,
while producing useful information for the Office of Water. The focus in 1995
will be on: (1) developing gene probes for microbes in wastewater and sludge, (2)
completing risk assessment methodologies for pathogens (e.g., parasites,
bacteria, and viruses), (3) bringing to a close evaluations of pollution
prevention approaches for managing wet-weather flows at Stafford Township, NJ,
(4) completing a treatability study for the transportation equipment cleaning
industry, and (5) completing technology development studies for refineries,
electronics, and metal finishing.
1994 Accomplishments
Agency scientists developed a new method for virus detection. The
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method offers a promising new molecular biology
approach for virus detection. It allows for the detection of viruses such as the
Norwalk virus and hepatitis A virus, which are not discerned by classical
methods. Unfortunately, inhibitors commonly found in environmental samples
impair the use of this technology. A novel approach to remove these inhibitors
has been developed. It appears to be applicable to a variety of water sources
as well as promoting high levels of virus recovery. These findings are to be
presented at the annual meeting of the American Society for Microbiology.
Infrastructure
1996 Program Request
Adequately funded infrastructure is critical to EPA's success in
conducting the quality science needed to assure that the Agency's decisions are
scientifically sound. The most critical part of ORD's infrastructure is its
4-17
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staff. The assumption underlying all our research activities includes a
productive workforce.
The Agency requests a total of $12,968,700 and 46.0 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $304,200 in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and a decrease of 4.3 workyears.
Workyears in this issue perform the following activities; science policy
and program development; technical evaluation, review, arid guidance to EPA
program/regional offices, Federal/State Agencies, and foreign governments;
research quality assurance and program review; extramural resource management;
technology transfer of scientific information; ADP technical program development
of environmental data systems; regulatory mission support; facilities maintenance
and oversight; health and safety, and environmental compliance; research planning
and program development; operational research oversight; policy and procedure
development; program planning and operations; resource planning and review;
document production; and secretarial/clerical support and personnel staffs.
Explanation of Change -4.3 FTE +$304.2K (PRO)
Increased levels of workyear resources reflect cost-of-living adjustments
(COLAs) and Locality Pay adjustments necessary to fund ORD's workforce.
Reductions in workyears represent those intramural activities supporting
eliminated or reduced Sludge and Wastewater Issue research.
1995 Program
ORD's current infrastructure program provides compensation and benefits,
and travel for ORD scientists, engineers, management and technical support
personnel. ORD's workforce carries out scientific research programs in support
of the Agency's mission.
1994 Accomplishments
ORD funded its workyears in scientific support of the Agency's mission,
providing personnel compensation and benefits, and travel'for ORD scientists,
engineers, management and technical support personnel.
Cross Program
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $264,200 and 5.2 workyears in 1996, a
decrease of $500. The request of $264,200 will be for the Research and
Development appropriation. The Program and Research Operations appropriation
funding related to workyears can be found under the Infrastructure Issue.
EPA will improve and develop standardized analytical methods for
quantifying pollutants or their metabolic products in fresh water, saline water,
waste water, biological tissue, sediment, and sludge. Research will focus on the
development of less expensive methods for use by the regulated community and
Federal and state implementation agencies in complying with Clean Water Act (CWA)
regulations. The research program will provide analytical methods, which
4-18
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minimize or eliminate the use of hazardous and expensive solvents and reagents,
reducing the exposure to laboratory workers, and minimizing waste that must be
disposed of in accordance with Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
regulations.
Explanation of Change
There are no major changes in funding.
1995 Program
EPA is focusing research on the development of methods for measuring
organomercury species in water at the parts per trillion level. This will help
researchers determine the sources of mercury pollution. Scientist are also
completing the inter-laboratory validation of the method developed in 1994 for
determining total mercury contamination in water samples in parts per trillion.
1994 Accomplishments
Scientists developed a method for determining total mercury contamination
in water samples in parts per trillion.
4-19
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4-20
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality And Grants Program Management
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Great Lakes Program
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Chesapeake Bay Program
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Water Quality And TOTAL
Grants Program
Management
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Great Lakes Program
Chesapeake Bay Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Great Lakes Program
Chesapeake Bay Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS
$3,398.9
$15,423.0
$18,821.9
$1,336.9
$20,000.8
$21,337.7
$4,735.8
$35,423.8
$40,159.6
50.1
17.4
67.5
50.6
18.2
68.8
$3,332.0
$11,881.7
$15,213.7
$932.2
$19,903.7
$20,835.9
$4,264.2
$31,785.4
$36,049.6
47.8
11.9
59.7
47.8
11.9
59.7
$3,283.2
$14,215.5
$17,498.7
$1,426.4
$19,483.3
$20,909.7
$4,709.6
$33,698.8
$38,408.4
49.8
17.9
67.7
51.4
17.9
69.3
$3,267.5
$14,215.5
$17,483.0
$1,426.4
$19,273.3
$20,699.7
$4,693.9
$33,488.8
$38,182.7
49.1
17.8
66.9
50.7
17.8
68.5
$3,742.2
$10,935.2
$14,677.4
$1,279.4
$19,476.7
$20,756.1
$5,021.6
$30,411.9
$35,433.5
49.6
17.9
67.5
51.1
17.9
69.0
$474.7
-$3,280.3
-$2,805.6
-$147.0
$203.4
$56.4
$327.7
-$3,076.9
-$2,749.2
5
1
6
4
1
5
$410.2
-$946.5
-$536.3
$347.2
-$427.0
-$79.8
$757.4
-$1,373.5
-$616.1
1.8
6.0
7.8
3.3
6.0
9.3
4-21
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality and Grants Program Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $35,433,500 supported by 69.0 total
workyears for 1996. Of the request, $5,021,600 will be for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $30,411,900 will be for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of 0.5 total
workyears, an increase of $327,700 for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and a decrease of $3,076,900 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Great Lakes Program
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,677,400 and 51.1 total workyears for
this program of which $3,742,200 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and $10,935,200 will be for Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of 0.4 total workyears and $474,700
for Program and Research Operations, and a decrease of $3,280,300 for Abatement,
Control, and Compliance. The increase in Program and Research Operations
reflects increased workforce costs. The decrease in Abatement, Control, and
Compliance reflects discontinued 1995 Congressional add-ons.
In 1996, the Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO) will steer and
coordinate implementation of an ecosystem approach in the Great Lakes by its
Federal, state, and local partners, fully implementing a "place-based" approach
to ecosystem management. GLNPO and its partners will continue working together
to establish priorities consistent with the goals and objectives of the Great
Lakes Five Year Strategy, as well as the goals articulated in the Agency's
Strategic Plan.
GLNPO will lead collaborative efforts for more effective air and water
monitoring in all five Great Lakes for toxics and nutrient loadings and
concentrations. GLNPO will continue a multi-media initiative for the first-ever
intensive monitoring of Lake Michigan air, water, sediments, and biota,
supporting the Great Waters provision of the Clean Air Act and Section 118 of the
Clean Water Act. From such work, the Agency and its partners will determine how
to further remediate and reduce Great Lakes pollutants. The Great Lakes
atmospheric deposition networks (including air monitoring stations on each of the
Great Lakes), open lake monitoring using EPA's research vessels, and tributary
monitoring will provide trend and baseline data to support and target remedial
efforts and measure environmental progress under Remedial Action Plans (RAPs) and
Lakewide Management Plans (LAMPs).
In establishing an integrated Great Lakes information system, GLNPO and
its state and Federal partners will develop a data base for environmental
monitoring data and make that information easily accessible to decision makers
and to the public. The system will facilitate Great Lakes environmental health
and trends analysis, linking pollution control activities and environmental
quality information with key environmental indicators.
4-22
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Because contaminated sediments are a significant problem in all 31 U.S.
and Binational Areas of Concern, GLNPO will provide assistance to support
contaminated sediment remediation, as requested by state and local groups,
including technology transfer, fieldwork, and funding to support contaminant
modeling or remediation design.
Consistent with the habitat goals of the Five Year Strategy, GLNPO will
join with states, tribes, and non-governmental organizations in supporting
targeted habitat restoration/protection projects. Projects will support healthy
and diverse species and communities, emphasizing habitats important for
biodiversity and ecological integrity (such as those necessary for endangered and
threatened species). GLNPO and its partners will continue a significant
sustainable development demonstration in the ecologically and economically
diverse southern Lake Michigan area.
GLNPO will continue the Virtual Elimination project, looking at pollutants
"from cradle to grave." The project explores means of improving the current
regulatory and non-regulatory framework and continuing reductions in the use and
release of toxic chemicals beyond compliance levels.
GLNPO will continue support for pollution prevention and control
activities in the Great Lakes basin. Regions, supported by GLNPO, will work with
the states to develop and implement RAPs addressing the environmental problems
identified by local communities in the 31 Binational Areas of Concern. State and
Federal programs will implement LaMP priorities for reducing Critical Pollutants
in Lakes Ontario, Michigan, Superior (including a zero discharge demonstration
project), and Erie. GLNPO will continue to support the Great Lakes states'
capacity for addressing Great Lakes environmental problems on a cross-media
basis. GLNPO will support Great Lakes education and outreach activities,
utilizing its research vessel, news and print media, and a network of educators
throughout the Great Lakes Basin. GLNPO will continue to support the Agency's
environmental justice initiative, increasing its support of tribal activities in
the Basin. GLNPO and Environment Canada will continue working together to
address the Binational environmental priorities of the Great Lakes.
Explanation of Change +0.4 FTE + $474.7 K (PRO) - $3,280.3 K (AC&C)
The increase in Program Research and Operations reflects increased
workforce costs. The decrease in Abatement Control and Compliance reflects the
elimination of $2,585,000 in 1995 appropriations add-ons. The increase of 0.4
total workyears represents a minor realignment of resources to conform with
shifts in Agency priorities. The remaining decrease in Abatement Control and
Compliance reflects a lower level of data integration system development
activities and a reduced level of effort for education and outreach.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $17,483,000 and 50.7 total workyears
for this program of which $3,267,500 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and $14,215,500 is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
In support of the Five-Year Strategy goal for toxics reduction, GLNPO is
implementing an integrated monitoring strategy with state and Federal air and
4-23
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water programs. GLNPO and its partners are developing trend and baseline
information on toxic loadings and concentrations to support and target remedial
efforts and measure environmental progress. With its partners, GLNPO is
intensively monitoring Lake Michigan as part of a lakewide mass balance study
which will be used to evaluate and target remedial actions for this Lake. A
nine-station air deposition satellite network on Lakes Michigan and Superior has
been established to supplement air toxic deposition mpnitoring done at master
stations on each of the Lakes. In the October 1994 State of the Lakes Ecosystem
Conference (SOLEC), GLNPO and Environment Canada conducted the first-ever
holistic evaluation of the condition of the Lakes. SOLEC actively involved
decision makers from industry, environmental organizations, and government and,
for the first time, brought together managers and experts in environmental
protection, natural resource management, and human health.
GLNPO (with its Agency partners in the Water, Research, and Information
Management programs) is developing a common environmental monitoring database as
part of an integrated Great Lakes information system. GLNPO is also using the
Internet to make more of the existing Great Lakes information available to our
state arid Regional partners and the public.
GLNPO's sediment remediation program is assisting state/local groups with
contaminated sediment characterization and remediation planning through funding,
technology transfer, and fieldwork using the program's sediment sampling vessel.
GLNPO will continue to provide state and local entities with additional
assistance (including the use of innovative technologies) in addressing the
contaminated sediment problem of the Lakes by transferring results from GLNPO's
Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated Sediments (ARCS) program.
Using habitat assessments and The Nature Conservancy's report on
biodiversity, GLNPO and its partners are developing and implementing protection
and restoration projects to promote biodiversity and ecological integrity in the
Great Lakes. GLNPO, with its partners, is also distributing reports and studies
on restoration and protection projects to serve as vehicles for technology
transfer.
GLNPO is completing the pilot stage of the Virtual Elimination project,
a pollution prevention project seeking to reduce and/or eliminate certain toxic
substances in the Great Lakes. Options and recommendations for the reduction of
mercury and PCBs will be developed in 1995, with an emphasis on implementation.
In addition, GLNPO, Regions, and states continue to refine LAMPs for Lakewide
ecosystem management in Lakes Ontario, Michigan, Superior (including continuation
of a zero discharge demonstration project), and Erie. GLNPO reports to Congress
and the International Joint Commission, conducts education and outreach, and
works with representatives from Environment Canada to develop and oversee
Binational priorities and accomplishments for the Lakes.
Congressional Directives: A total of $2,585,000 is for the
Congressionally directed projects of: European Ruffe Studies ($70,000), Great
Lakes Center Programmatic Development ($2,000,000), Lake Superior Sediment
Contaminant Mitigation ($100,000), Mercury in Fish Populations Study ($165,000),
and Zebra Mussel Control Demonstration ($250,000).
4-24
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1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $18,821,900 and 50.6 total workyears for
this program of which $3,398,900 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and $15,423,000 is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
In order to target subsequent remedial efforts in Lake Michigan, the Great
Lakes program conducted baseline and trend monitoring surveys in the open water
for toxics and for indicators of trophic condition and biological integrity and
commenced full scale monitoring for a lakewide Mass Balance Study. Toxics trend
monitoring was continued for Lake Superior and a toxics survey was conducted for
Lake Ontario. GLNPO and the Agency's Air program developed and distributed a
report on atmospheric concentrations which is being used to identify loadings of
toxics to the Great Lakes from the atmosphere.
GLNPO completed preparations for a first-ever Binational conference on the
state of the Great Lakes. With GLNPO funding, The Nature Conservancy identified
rare elements and communities throughout the Basin, as well as threats and
stressors. Some 1,300 copies of this report have been distributed and are being
used to target protection and restoration. GLNPO expanded easy public access to
Great Lakes environmental information via the Internet (such information is being
accessed by the public via the Internet at a rate of 10,000 times per month).
GLNPO (with the Agency's Information Management program) developed Great Lakes
Envirofacts, a single computer system that provides simultaneous, integrated
access to many programmatic databases.
GLNPO assisted state and local remediation of sediments through sediment
assessments at eight Areas of Concern. In addition to submission of the final
summary report on the Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated Sediments
program as required by GLCPA, GLNPO transferred sediment remediation technology1
through 2 workshops and publication of 13 reports, including three guidance
documents addressing sediment assessment, remediation, and risk
assessment/modeling. GLNPO's Virtual Elimination project focused attention on
sales of mercury by the Department of Defense (which had the potential to
increase the release of this toxic pollutant into the environment), resulting in
a suspension of such sales pending their consideration by an Agency task force.
GLNPO supported state and Regional initiation of the Lake Erie LaMP, as well as
the other existing LaMPs and RAPs which focus on addressing environmental
priorities of States and local entities.
GLNPO directly reached several thousand school children and even greater
numbers of the general public through outreach/education efforts, including a
series of teacher's workshops in three cities, an environmental bike tour, and
tours of the R/V Lake Guardian while in port. GLNPO also issued a report to
Congress on the Great Lakes ecosystem.
Chesapeake Bay Program
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $20,756,100 and 17.9 total workyears for
this program, of which $1,279,400 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $19,476,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance.
4-25
-------
This represents an increase of 0.1 total workyears and $203,400 in Abatement
Control and Compliance, and a decrease of $147,000 in the Program, Research and
Operations account.
In 1996, Regional personnel in the Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) will
develop, implement and monitor interstate management plans for pollution
prevention and control activities to improve water quality and living resource
conditions. This will be accomplished by integrating efforts for addressing
point and nonpoint sources pollution from air, water and land based sources
throughout the watershed and airshed and by coordinating with natural resource
agencies, land managers, and various stakeholders.
Regional staff will evaluate the progress of these interstate plans using
quantifiable environmental goals and indicators for nutrients, toxics and living
resources aspects of the program. Recommendations will be made to the Chesapeake
Executive Council for new or refined goals and strategies to improve the water
quality and living resources conditions of the Bay. Regular public reports will
continue to provide information on the state of the Bay and what citizens can do
to reduce pollution at the source.
Program staff will work directly and through state and local governments
to meet the commitments of the ten tributary strategies for nutrient reduction
adopted in 1994-1995. Implementation of nonpoint source projects on farmlands
and urban areas will yield nutrient reductions to meet the tributary specific and
bay-wide environmental goals. New technologies and approaches will be supported
for point and nonpoint source control so as to close the gap between the goals
and current practices.
Regional personnel will continue to implement the commitments of the 1994
Basinwide Toxics Reduction and Prevention Strategy. The 1996 obligations include
designation of additional Regions of Concern, beginning implementation of
chemical-specific reduction strategies for the identified Chesapeake Bay Toxics
of Concern and working to meet the pollution prevention and other commitments of
the Strategy.
Through publicly and privately funded fish passage projects under the
Habitat Restoration Strategy, the CBP will work to achieve the five and ten-year
goals for stream miles opened to migratory fish. In addition, wetlands and
stream restoration, oyster reef habitat restoration and forested buffer policy
development will yield progress to restoring critical habitat in the basin.
Explanation of Change +0.1 FTE -$147.0 K (PRO) +$203.4 K (AC&C)
The decrease in the Program Research and Operations account reflects a
transfer into the program by Region 3 in 1995 that was not continued in 1996.
The increase of 0.1 total workyears represents a minor realignment of resources
to conform with shifts in Agency priorities. The increase of $203,400 will be
used for pollution prevention activities.
1995 Budget Request
The Agency allocated a total of $20,699,700 and 17.8 total workyears for
this program, of which $1,426,400 is from the Program and Research Operations
4-26
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appropriation, and $19,273,300 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency is exploring a range of new nonpoint source controls, including
privatization for the deliver of nutrient management planning services.
Pennsylvania's recent Nutrient Management legislation is considered the model for
the Region in this effort. Also being developed is a negotiated rulemaking,
under Section 6 of the Toxic Substances Control Act, for regulating the use of
nitrogen as a fertilizer. This will assist state and local government with their
efforts to meet the nutrient load reductions called for in the tributary
strategies.
Implementation grants to states continues to assist nutrient management
planning, cost-sharing efforts for animal waste management, living resources
habitat restoration, and toxic Regions of concern action plans, and tributary
strategy implementation.
Activities to address toxics continue to involve a balance of pollution
prevention, geographical targeting, regulatory program implementation, and
directed toxics assessments. The final regional action plans for the designated
Regions of Concern are being completed for the Anacostia River, Elizabeth River
and Baltimore Harbor areas following extensive local stakeholder input and
technology assessments. A goal for implementation of integrated pest management
practices on commercial and residential lands within the Chesapeake Bay basin is
being established and the existing Bay Toxics of Concern list is being be
evaluated and revised. Program staff continue to develop and manage tactics to
meet the numerous objectives and measurable goals of the revised 1994 Basinwide
Toxics Reduction and Prevention Strategy.
Demonstration and full-scale projects in habitat restoration are assisting
in meeting the five and ten-year goals for fish passage, and restoration of
oyster habitat, wetlands, stream beds, riparian forests, and submerged grasses.
A regional Forest buffer Policy is being developed to guide state and local
actions in preserving and enhancing riparian forest buffers.
Progress across the program continue to be tracked using over 40
environmental indicators for nutrients, toxics, living resources, and some cross -
cutting measures. These will be routinely reported to the public through a
variety of means to reach various audiences. Data analysis and support will
assist in keeping the information current for public review.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $21,337,700 supported by 18.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,336,900 was for Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $20,000,800 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency continued to meet its expanding responsibilities under the
Chesapeake Bay Agreement, as amended in 1992, in concert with other partners
under the Agreement. The program effectively managed a large state
implementation grant program under Section 117(b), coordinated inter-Agency
efforts among the federal sector, and provided the core computer operations,
4-27
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administrative and public information support for the inter-state restoration
program.
The Chesapeake Bay Program provided interstate leadership and technical
and managerial support for the pollution prevention and control activities of
numerous agencies for the restoration of the Chesapeake Bay and its living
resources. Traditional coordination efforts among the Program and the Bay states
were integrated with other EPA programs and the program of other Federal agencies
through the signing of a comprehensive interagency agreement. The program
continued to investigate the possibility of reducing nutrient loads faster and
more cost-effectively through pollution reduction trading.
Implementation of the tributary specific Nutrient Reduction Strategies
continued. To stay on course for achieving the goal of a 40 percent reduction
in nutrients entering the Bay by the year 2000, the program accelerated the pace
of point and nonpoint source programs.
Implementation grants to state agencies for nonpoint source pollution
control yielded a greater targeting of resources to the highest areas of
pollutant load based upon monitoring data. These grants also provided for
standardization of nutrient management methods on farmlands as well as expanded
marketing of these methods to the private sector and the public. Special
emphasis was placed on refining environmental indicators, modeling and management
of air sources of nutrients and toxics, and integrating the multiple NFS control
authorities of EPA and other Agencies.
A two-year reevaluation of the nature, extent, and magnitude of chemical
contamination in the Bay culminated in the Chesapeake Bay Executive Council's
adoption of a revised Basinwide Toxics Reduction and Prevention Strategy. The
strategy committed the signatories to a number of measurable reduction and
prevention goals addressing four areas of emphasis: regional focus, directed
toxics assessments, regulatory program implementation, and pollution prevention.
Bay modeling and management strategies were refined to incorporate new
information about the impact of Clean Air Act amendments requirements. Special
emphasis was placed on refining environmental progress indicators, modeling and
management of air sources of nutrients and toxics. Cross-program coordination
was being enhanced through the continued integration of water quality and living
resources management activities.
Progress continued toward meeting the quantitative goals set for living
resources and habitat restoration. Increased acreage of submerged aquatic
vegetation was recorded. Progress continued on design and construction of
fishways on private and public dams and culverts to meet the five and ten year
fish passage goals. A quantitative goal for aquatic reef restoration was adopted
and progress was made on the construction and placement of artificial reefs.
Status and trends for wetland acreage in the Chesapeake Bay watershed were
reported and wetland and stream restoration began in 1994. Citizen volunteers
were organized for wetland, riparian forest, and island restoration and the
National Civilian Community Corps was used for restoration projects.
4-28
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WATER QUALITY
Engineering and Analysis
PROGRAM
Engineering and
Analysis
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Engineering and TOTAL
Analysis
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Engineering and
Analysis
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Engineering and
Analysis
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$5,310.4
$16,083.1
$21,393.5
$5,310.4
$16,083.1
$21,393.5
68.4
68.4
71.1
$5,754.4
$17,428.1
$23,182.5
$5,754.4
$17,428.1
$23,182.5
73.3
73.3
73.3
$5,885.8
$15,909.3
$21,795.1
$5,885.8
$15,909.3
$21,795.1
84.2
84.2
85.2
$5,882.3
$16,119.3
$22,001.6
$5,882.3
$16,119.3
$22,001.6
83.4
83.4
84.4
$6,686.8
$17,096.5
$23,783.3
$6,686.8
$17,096.5
$23,783.3
85.7
85.7
86.6
$804.5
$977.2
$1,781.7
$804.5
$977.2
$1,781.7
2.3
2.3
2.2
$932.4
-$331.6
$600.8
$932.4
-$331.6
$600.8
12.4
12.4
13.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS 71.1 73.3 85.2 84.4 86.6 2.2 13.3
4-29
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WATER QUALITY
Engineering and Analysis
Engineering and Analysis
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $23,783,300 supported by 86.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,686,800 will be for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $17,096,500 will be for the Abatement,
Control and the Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of 2.2
workyears and $804,500 in Program and Research Operations appropriation and
$977,200 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $23,783,300 supported by 86.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,686,800 will be for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $17,096,500 will be for the Abatement,
Control and the Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of 2.2
workyears and $804,500 in Program and Research Operations appropriation and
$977,200 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The increases
will in part support the Administrator's Common Sense Initiative.
As required by Section 304(m) of the Clean Water Act and the 1992 EPA-
Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) Consent Decree, the Agency will continue
to develop effluent guidelines for industries that present the most significant
risks to public health and the environment. These regulations are supported by
engineering, economic and statistical analyses, and development of analytical
methods for toxic and non-conventional pollutants. In 1996, the Agency will
promulgate rules for four industries: pharmaceutical manufacturing; metal
products and machinery - Phase I; centralized waste treatment - Phase I; and
coastal oil and gas extraction. The program will promulgate a rule jointly with
the Office of Air and Radiation regarding the pulp and paper industry. The
Agency will also initiate rulemakings for two more industries and complete
studies begun in 1994 for two industries (iron and steel and steam electric power
plants) and begin studies for three other industries (as yet undetermined).
To support the Agency's Common Sense Initiative, this program will, develop
a holistic approach to industry regulation that emphasizes pollution prevention,
multi-media pollutant transfer control, and cost effectiveness. The program will
coordinate rule development with other environmental programs to ensure that
regulations minimize industrial single-media pollution-control investments that
are incompatible with environmental protection in other media. This program will
also support the guiding principle of pollution prevention by encouraging source
reduction, recycling, and reuse that reduces or eliminates discharges.
Recognizing that industry may reduce its operating costs by implementing
pollution prevention measures, the program will incorporate incentives that
encourage pollution prevention.
Working Capital Fund (WCF) base resources pay for Program postage costs
that provide all routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and include regular
First, Third and Fourth Class mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority
4-30
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mail, registered and certified mail and pouch mail. Working Capital Fund base
dollars also provide on-going data processing and telecommunication services for
this Program. These services are classified into five costs centers; Enterprise
Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical Consulting
Services and Scientific Computing Services. Investment resources will provide
the Program's share of Depreciation of Capital Assets, Increased Service Costs,
Additional Mainframe Capacity, Investments in Network Services and Investments
in Technical Consulting Services.
Explanation of Change +2.2 FTE +$804.5 K (PRO) +$977.2 K (AC&C)
The increase in Program Research and Operations represents increased
workforce costs, including the two new FTE for the Common Sense Initiative. An
increase of $380,000 in Abatement Control and Compliance reflects a shift of
resources from OARM to support a portion of the Working Capital Fund expenses for
this program. An increase of $200,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance
support the Administrator's Common Sense Initiative described above. The
remaining increase will be directed toward developing effluent guidelines
regulations according to the NRDC Consent Decree.
1995 Program
In 1995 the Agency is allocating a total of $22,001,600 supported by 84.4
total workyears for this program, of which $5,882,300 is from the Program and
Research Operation appropriation and $16,119,300 is from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
In accordance with the EPA-NRDC Consent Decree and the 304(m) plan, the
Agency is promulgating rules for the pesticide formulating and packaging
industry. The Agency is proposing rules for four industries: pharmaceutical
manufacturing; metal products and machinery - Phase I; centralized waste"
treatment; and coastal oil and gas extraction. The Agency is also initiating
efforts on metal products and machinery - Phase II.
The program is coordinating rule development with the air, toxics, and
waste programs to ensure that regulations do not encourage single-media
industrial investments for environmental protection, but rather decrease overall
environmental risks. In addition, the Agency continues to encourage or require
pollution prevention as part of the recommended technology by (1) developing
effluent limitations as required by the Consent Decree and (2) studying both
regulated and non-regulated industries to determine which water discharges
present the greatest risk and which can be best controlled by new or revised
guidelines.
In 1995, the Agency is completing two studies begun in 1993 on textile
mills and inorganic chemicals and continuing studies of two additional
categories: iron and steel and steam electric power plants. In addition, the
Agency continues to work with the Effluent Guidelines Task Force, which advises
the Agency on a long-term strategy for the program.
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1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency obligated a total of $21,393,500 supported by 71.1
total workyears for this program, of which $5,310,400 was from the Program and
Research Operation appropriation and $16,083,100 was from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
The effluent guidelines program proposed Effluent Guidelines for two
industry categories: (1) pulp and paper industry and (2) pesticides formulating,
packaging, and repackaging industry. The program also completed preliminary
industry studies on metal finishing and petroleum refining and made substantial
progress on four additional studies: inorganic chemicals, textile mills, iron and
steel manufacturing, and steam electric power generating. The effluent
guidelines program developed or revised six analytical methods for adsorbable
organic halides, dioxin, chlorinated phenolics, semi-volatile and volatile
organics specific to Pharmaceuticals, formaldehyde, and furfural and prepared
technical documentation to support effluent guideline development.
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WATER QUALITY
Grants Assistance Programs
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Control Agency Resource
Supplementation
(Section 106)
Abatement Control and $86,035.6 $81,700.0 $80,200.0 $79,534.0 $80,700.0 $1,166.0 -$1,000.0
Compliance
TOTAL $86,035.6 $81,700.0 $80,200.0 $79,534.0 $80,700.0 $1,166.0 -$1,000.0
Clean Lakes Program
Abatement Control and $4,973.2 $3,200.0 $3,200.0 -$3,200.0
Compliance
TOTAL $4,973.2 $3,200.0 $3,200.0 -$3,200.0
Water Quality
Cooperative
Agreements
Abatement Control and $22,500.0 $22,500.0 $22,500.0
Compliance
Water Infrastructure $21,968.3 $22,500.0 $22,500.0 -$22,500.0
TOTAL $21,968.3 $22,500.0 $22,500.0 $22,500.0 $22,500.0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and $91,008.8 $81,700.0 $83,400.0 $82,734.0 $103,200.0 $20,466.0 $21,500.0
Compliance
Water Infrastructure $21,968.3 $22,500.0 $22,500.0 -$22,500.0
Grants Assistance TOTAL $112,977.1 $81,700.0 $105,900.0 $105,234.0 $103,200.0 -$2,034.0 $21,500.0
Programs
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WATER QUALITY
Grants Assistance Programs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $103,200,000 for 1996, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents a
net decrease of $2,034,000 of which there is an increase of $20,466,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation and a decrease of $22,500,000 in
the Water Infrastructure/State Revolving Fund appropriation from 1995. This
increase in the AC&C account is due to a shift of the Water Quality Cooperative
Agreements program from the Water Infrastructure Financing Media to the Water
Quality Media.
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106)
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $80,700,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
a net increase of $1,166,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation from 1995. Of the total request, all $80,700,000 will be used for
grants that are administered by the Regions to states and qualified Indian
tribes.
Section 106 grants assist 50 states, six interstate agencies, six
territorial agencies and qualified Indian tribes in the implementation of water
pollution control programs. States will continue developing state watershed
protection strategies and statewide basin management plans and targeting of
priority watersheds as they transition to the watershed protection approach. The
watershed protection approach focuses on the natural resource to be protected and
serves as an umbrella for state coordination and implementation of base water
quality management program activities such as planning, permitting, enforcement,
and water quality standards development. The watershed approach will also assist
states in coordinating program activities to enhance the protection of surface
waters used as drinking water supplies.
In 1996 states will begin to revitalize monitoring programs and report
core information in a comparable fashion. They will develop a multi-year
monitoring program for their watersheds. The first step is to confirm the status
of the watershed (threatened, impaired, meets or exceeds uses, or special
protection) and then carry out tailored monitoring based on this status
(periodic, intensive, continual intensive, screening). This integrated approach
will assist states in ecosystem/watershed management and in the assessment of
progress toward established goals, using selected environmental indicators.
Implementation of state National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) watershed strategies will include integration of wastewater management
activities (such as permit issuance, pretreatment, and pollution prevention) into
the broader watershed protection approach. Wet weather efforts will include
storm water permitting of municipal systems. Continued implementation of the
national Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Policy will involve reissuance of permits,
4-34
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where appropriate, with requirements for documentation of nine minimum controls
and development of long-term CSO control plans, and promoting technological
Innovation. Efforts to encourage more tribes to establish monitoring programs
will be enhanced as well as maintaining those already in place. Based on these
activities, Tribes will begin building an infrastructure of expertise in the
water quality monitoring area.
States and qualified Indian tribes will continue efforts to fill gaps in
their ground water related programs and to achieve the basic "core" Comprehensive
State Ground Water Protection Programs (CSGWPPs). The strategic activities that
constitute a CSGWPP include: establishing a goal; determining priorities;
defining roles and responsibilities; implementing protection/prevention efforts;
coordinating information collection and management; and educating and including
the public in ground water protection initiatives. At a minimum, States must
develop and implement a "core" CSGWPP (i.e., one that meets the adequacy criteria
established for each of the six strategic activities). States achieve "fully
integrated" CSGWPP's when ground water protection efforts are coordinated and
focused across all Federal, state and local programs based on each state's
understanding and decisions regarding relative use, value, and vulnerability of
its ground water resources, including the relative threat of all actual or
potential contamination sources.
For those states that have achieved a core CSGWPP, they will continue to
work with EPA and other Federal agencies to expand their ground water programs
and responsibilities and move towards achieving a "Fully Integrated" CSGWPP.
Progress of all states will be measured in part by the number of communities
implementing programs to protect ground water used as a drinking water source.
Such efforts include delineating areas with high priority ground water protection
needs, identifying and inventorying potential contamination sources within those
areas, establishing management practices to reduce the potential for ground water
contamination, educating the public, and establishing contingency plans should
contamination take place. States will continue to enhance their efforts to
incorporate wellhead protection activities and pesticide management plans into
their comprehensive programs. Identifying and delineating wellhead protection
areas help protect ground water by preventing the transfer of contaminants from
surface waters to underground sources of drinking water.-
With the increase in funding, eligible Indian tribes will focus on
establishing monitoring programs in addition to maintaining water quality
management programs. These activities will include planning, assessment,
reporting and making necessary changes to existing monitoring activities to
ensure quality data.
The Administration will propose legislation to include this grant program
in the Performance Partnership Initiative. A state could elect to consolidate
this and other categorical media grants into one or more multimedia or single
media grants. The state (or where applicable, tribe) could then target its most
pressing environmental problems and use the performance partnership grant for a
number of activities including pollution control, abatement and enforcement.
This program will not compromise basic national objectives and legislative
requirements.
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Explanation of Change 0.0 FTE 0.0 (PRO) +$1,166.0 K (AC&C)
EPA reduced base surface water and ground water programs in order to
redirect support for state surface water monitoring revitalization and monitoring
on tribal lands. In addition, $666,000 which was redirected in 1995 to support
pilot grant projects is requested in 1996 to support this program. An additional
$500,000 will be used for activities such as permitting, outreach and standard
setting.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $79,534,000 for the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation for the Section 106 grant program in the
Regions.
States using the watershed approach are coordinating programs (permitting,
monitoring, enforcement, and standards setting) in selected watersheds and
augmenting them with tools to address nonpoint sources, habitat loss, and other
ecosystem stresses. States are also developing Total Maximum Daily Loads
(TMDLs), which consider point source, nonpoint source, and natural background to
develop solutions to complex water quality problems.
States continue implementing water quality-based controls for toxic
discharges in high priority waters, assessing water quality conditions and
trends, and conducting comprehensive monitoring (including water column, biotic
integrity, fish tissue and sediment). Monitoring and assessments support the
identification and ranking of priority problems and the evaluation of water
quality management implementation so that enforcement and inspections can be
coordinated within priority watersheds. States continue to seek opportunities
to incorporate pollution prevention into water quality management activities
including permitting, enforcement, and technical assistance.
Activities to achieve fully integrated comprehensive State Ground Water
Protection Programs (CSGWPP's) are continuing. Efforts to incorporate wellhead
protection activities and pesticide management plans are continuing. Protection
of ground water as a drinking water source remains a high priority.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $86,035,600 for this program, all of which
was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
States implemented water quality-based controls for toxic discharges in
high priority waters, and continued to assess water quality conditions and
trends. States also conducted comprehensive monitoring, to justify risk-based
control decisions at sites impacted by toxic and conventional pollutants.
Grantees administered water quality standards programs which focused on new
standards for toxic pollutants based on EPA water quality criteria guidance and
EPA review of standards, as required by the statute.
States emphasized reissuance of expiring permits which incorporated
toxic/toxicity based limits and modified other permits as needed. Resources were
redirected at the State-level to ensure that statutory and regulatory deadlines
were met for implementation of stormwater, CSO and sludge permitting programs.
4-36
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Grantees also focused on selected, high-priority permit modifications for
Publicly Owned Treatment Works to address pretreatment requirements. States and
qualified Indian tribes continued to develop and implement comprehensive ground
water protection programs which serve as state-level mechanisms to integrate
Federal ground water activities.
Clean Lakes Program
1996 Program Request
Because the Agency has provided guidance to the states on maintaining
clean lakes, it believes that the states are now able to address lake restoration
needs, along with other priorities under their existing Water Quality Management
programs. Also, this program provides local rather than national benefit to
demonstration ideas. When the program was new, this was appropriate. However,
the technique has been sufficiently demonstrated now.
Explanation of Change 0.0 FTE $0.0 K (PRO) -$3,200.0 K (AC&C)
This change reflects the fact that the Agency is not requesting any
resources for this program in 1996.
1995 Program
Congressional Directives: A total of $3,200,000 was appropriated for the
Congressionally directed Clean Lakes program, of which $3,141,805 is competitive
grant awards and $58,195 is targeted to Budd Lake. However, the $3,141,805 for
competitive grant awards is being proposed for a rescission and no action will
be taken to obligate the funds. The remaining $58,195 remains targeted to .Budd
Lake.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated $4,973,200, all of which was from the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency supported state lake programs through a combination of
assistance for (1) state-wide programs to assess and classify lakes, develop
state-wide protection programs, support volunteer efforts, and coordinate lake
protection with other water resource programs; and (2) specific lake projects
selected based on a competitive evaluation of environmental and public benefits.
Water Quality Cooperative Agreements
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $22,500,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The Water
Quality Cooperative Agreements program was previously part of the Water
Infrastructure/State Revolving Funds appropriation.
Water Quality Cooperative Agreements will be provided to states, local
governments, and Indian tribes to stimulate the creation of unique and new
approaches in meeting storm water, combined sewer overflows (CSOs), sludge and
4-37
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pretreatment requirements, and for enhancing state capability. In 1996, this
program will focus on incorporating all aspects of the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) on a watershed basis. Specifically, these
funds will be used to conduct special permitting activities, demonstrations,
studies and training which will enhance the ability of recipients to deal with
non-traditional pollution problems in targeted watersheds. Funds will also be
used to conduct studies and demonstrations of the proper management and use of
sludge and pretreatment requirements. These agreements will also be used to fund
projects related to municipal water pollution prevention.
The Agency will use Water Quality Cooperative Agreements to accelerate
state and local efforts in implementing the storm water program by providing
grants which will allow them to demonstrate and conduct special studies on new
technologies for controlling storm water pollution which can be used by other
states and municipalities in areas of similar concern. EPA will also fund
demonstrations, experiments, and studies of technology which can be applied to
prevent pollution from CSOs and which will lead to and support state sludge and
pretreatment programs. In addition, the program will provide funds for
innovative projects related to municipal water pollution prevention and will
promote the coordination of training. To assist the water quality management
programs in adopting a watershed based approach, these funds will be used to
conduct studies implementing watershed abatement strategies for storm water and
CSOs as well as pretreatment and sludge within priority watersheds.
The Administration will propose legislation to include this grant program
in the Performance Partnership Initiative. A state could elect to consolidate
this and other categorical media grants into one or more multimedia or single
media grants. The state (or where applicable, tribe) could then target its most
pressing environmental problems and use the performance partnership grant for a
number of activities including pollution control, abatement and enforcement.
This program will not compromise basic national objectives and legislative
requirements.
Explanation of Change 0.0 FTE -$22,500K (WI/SRF) +$22,500.OK (AC&C)
The increase of $22,500,000 reflects the transfer of the water quality
cooperative agreements from the Water Infrastructure/State Revolving Fund
(WI/SRF) appropriation in 1995, to the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. A total of $22,500,000 was appropriated in the WI/SRF for Water
Quality Cooperative Agreements in 1995. Thus the 1996 request for $22,500,000
in AC&C is unchanged from 1995.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $22,500,000 for this program, all of
which is from the Water Infrastructure/State Revolving Fund Appropriation.
In 1995, these cooperative agreements are being used to promote the
watershed protection approach by refocusing existing programs to operate in a
more comprehensive and coordinated manner within identified watersheds. Emphasis
is placed on demonstration projects and special studies that promote the
watershed approach as part of existing NPDES programs as well as state capacity
building, pollution prevention, environmental equity and other initiatives.
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Congressional Directive: A total of $1,000,000 is for the Congressional
directed project for making grants under Section 104(b)(3).
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency obligated a total of $21,968,300 for this program, all
of which was in the form of Congressionally directed projects. These funds were
allocated to states and municipalities to accelerate the start up of storm water,
combined sewer overflows, sludge and pretreatment activities under the National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program. Funds also supported the
tribal and state capacity building activities. Assistance was provided to states
to adopt programs to implement municipal water pollution prevention activities
and state-wide watershed protection.
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Wetlands Protection
Program & Research $10,876.9 $9,473.2 $11,781.1 $11,762.8 $10,859.6 -$903.2 $1,386.4
Operations
Abatement Control and $6,717.9 $5,809.5 $8,110.2 $8,110.2 $5,179.3 -$2,930.9 -$630.2
Compliance
Program & Research $243.4
operation - Flood
TOTAL $17,838.2 $15,282.7 $19,891.3 $19,873.0 $16,038.9 -$3,834.1 $756.2
Nonpoint Source Management Grants
Abatement Control and $100,000.0 $100,000.0 $100,000.0
Compliance
Water Infrastructure $76,810.9 $100,000.0 $100,000.0 $100,000.0 $100,000.0 $100,000.0
TOTAL $76,810.9 $100,000.0 $100,000.0 $100,000.0 $100,000.0
Wetlands Program
Implementation Grants
Abatement Control and $10,694.2 $15,000.0 $15,000.0 $15,000.0 $15,000.0
Compliance
TOTAL $10,694.2 $15,000.0 $15,000.0 $15,000.0 $15,000.0
Ocean Disposal Permits
Program & Research $3,310.3 $3,321.8 $3,309.6 $3,304.5 $3,541.1 $236.6 $219.3
Operations
Abatement Control and $4,349.6 $4,831.1 $3,811.6 $4,211.6 $4,823.6 $612.0 -$7.5
Compliance
Ocean Dumping Fund $2.2
TOTAL $7,662.1 $8,152.9 $7,121.2 $7,516.1 $8,364.,7 $848.6 $211.8
Water Quality Criteria,
Standards and
Applications
Program & Research $7,333.1 $8,711.2 $8,583.0 $8,511.2 $9,492.9 $981.7 $781.7
Operations
Abatement Control and $11,536.7 $13,293.3 $10,001.1 $10,001.1 $13,205.0 $3,203.9 -$88.3
Compliance
TOTAL $18,869.8 $22,004.5 $18,584.1 $18,512.3 $22,697.9 $4,185.6 $693.4
Water Quality Financial
Assistance
Program & Research $15,432.2 $15,432.2 $15,432.2
Operations
Abatement Control and $13,060.3 $13,060.3 $13,060.3
Compliance
TOTAL $28,492.5 $28,492.5 $28,492.5
Wastewater
Management and Technology
Program & Research $28,693.1 $28,693.1 $28,693.1
Operations
Abatement Control and $17,257.8 $17,257.8 $17,257.8
Compliance
TOTAL $45,950.9 $45,950.9 $45,950.9
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL:
Program & Research $21,520.3 $21,506.2 $23,673.7 $23,578.5 $68,018.9 $44,440.4 $46,512.7
Operations
Abatement Control and $33,298.4 $38,933.9 $36,922.9 $37,322.9 $168,526.0 $131,203.1 $129,592.1
Compliance
Water Infrastructure $76,810.9 $100,000.0 $100,000.0 $100,000.0 -$100,000.0 -$100,000.0
Program & Research $243.4
operation - Flood
Ocean Dumping Fund $2.2
Water Quality TOTAL $131,875.2 $160,440.1 $160,596.6 $160,901.4 $236,544.9 $75,643.5 $76,104.8
Strategies
Implementation
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Wetlands Protection 164.0 148.5 183.5 181.2 158.5 -22.7 10.0
Nonpoint Source Management Grants
Wetlands Program
Implementation Grants
Ocean Disposal Permits 50.3 50.3 50.3 49.6 50.3 7
Water Quality Criteria, 102.2 122.4 126.0 123.2 128.0 4.8 5.6
Standards and
Applications
Water Quality Financial 221.6 221.6 221.6
Assistance
Wastewater 428.2 428.2 428.2
Management and Technology
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 316.5 321.2 359.8 354.0 986.6 632.6 665.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Wetlands Protection 172.0 148.5 187.4 185.1 162.2 -22.9 13.7
Nonpoint Source Management Grants
Wetlands Program
Implementation Grants
Ocean Disposal Permits 51.7 50.3 50.9 50.2 50.9 7 6
Water Quality Criteria, 105.5 122.4 128.5 125.7 130.3 4.6 7.9
Standards and
Applications
Water Quality Financial 228.8 228.8 228.8
Assistance
Wastewater 434.9 434.9 434.9
Management and Technology
TOTAL WORKYEARS 329.2 321.2 366.8 361.0 1,007.1 646.1 685.9
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $236,544,900 supported by 1,007.1 total
workyears for 1996. Of the request, $68,018,900 will be for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $168,526,000 will be for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $44,440,400
for Program and Research Operations, an increase of 646.1 total workyears, an
increase of $131,203,100 for Abatement, Control and Compliance and a decrease of
$100,000,000 for Water Infrastructure/State Revolving Fund. However, this
request includes resources transferred into Water Quality Strategies
Implementation for two new program elements as part of a reorganization of the
Office of Water: Wastewater Management and Technology and Water Quality
Financial Assistance. Of the 1996 request, $44,125,300 in Program and Research
Operations, 663.7 total workyears, and $30,318,100 in Abatement, Control and
Compliance are requested for these new program elements. Taking into account the
1995 base for the activities funded under these new program elements, the 1996
request for Water Quality Strategies Implementation represents a net increase of
$315,100 in Program and Research Operations, a net decrease of 17.6 total
workyears, and a net increase of $885,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance.
Wetlands Protection
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,038,900 and 162.2 total workyears for
this program, of which $10,859,600 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $5,179,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of $903,200 for Program and
Research Operations, a decrease of $2,930,900 for Abatement, Control and
Compliance, and a decrease of 22.9 total workyears.
In 1996, the Agency will continue to implement the Administration's
interim goal of no overall net loss of wetlands and the long-term goal to
increase the quality and quantity of wetlands. As established in the President's
August 1993 Wetlands Plan, EPA will continue to work toward making regulatory
programs more efficient, fair, flexible, and predictable; and enhancing and
expanding non-regulatory programs that encourage protection and restoration of
wetlands. Consistent with the policies in the President's Wetlands Plan, EPA
will strengthen its partnerships with other Federal agencLes, states, local
governments and the private sector; approach wetlands protection in a community-
based ecosystem/watershed context; and base wetlands policy on the best
scientific information available.
During 1996, the Agency will strengthen wetlands protection within a
community-based ecosystem protection framework that supports identification and
targeting of priorities and enhances stakeholder involvement. Addressing
watershed protection in a comprehensive manner and integrating point and nonpoint
source controls with wetlands protection can greatly enhance the prevention of
pollution and the reduction of risks to public health and the environment. The
Regions will increase their work with other Federal, state and local
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environmental programs to improve wetlands protection in the community-based
context, directing their efforts at those wetlands whose values and functions are
at greatest risk.
We will continue our efforts in Headquarters and the Regions to support
market-based incentives that address the problem of wetlands loss and alteration,
specifically by developing and improving wetlands assessment methods to assist
in evaluation and categorization of wetlands, and other tools to foster
mitigation banking. Such systems can provide scientifically sound and relatively
low risk compensation for the unavoidable loss of wetlands, providing both
environmental benefits and a streamlined permit review process.
The Agency will implement and refine strategies and programs to assist
states, tribes, and local governments in taking stronger roles in wetlands
planning, protection, and regulation. The Regions, with Headquarters support,
will continue to support strong state programs through grants, technical
assistance, and technology transfer. Improved Federal policies and programs
affecting wetlands will be encouraged by working with other Federal agencies on
proposed legislation, regulations, program guidance, and joint activities.
Headquarters will continue to work cooperatively with Federal agencies on better
integration of research, restoration, inventory, cooperative programs and
information and educational activities.
EPA will continue to address issues regarding the regulation of the
discharge of dredged or fill material into wetlands and other aquatic habitats
(the waters of the United States) under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) ,
including delineation of wetlands. EPA Headquarters and Regions will continue
to participate in the CWA 404 permitting program, assuring that the most
significant environmental concerns are addressed through the permitting process,
by adequate environmental mitigation, and by ensuring environmental unacceptable
discharges are modified, restricted, or prohibited.
Improved public awareness about the importance, functions, and values of
wetlands will continue to be a priority in 1996, including what private
landowners can do voluntarily to enhance their wetlands. EPA will continue its
outreach and education programs to the regulated community.
Working Capital Fund base resources pay for Program postage costs that
provide all routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and includes regular First,
Third and Fourth Class mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority mail,
registered and certified mail and pouch mail. WCF base dollars also provide
ongoing data processing and telecommunication services for this program. These
services are classified into five cost centers: Enterprise Computing Services,
Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical Consulting Services and Scientific
Computing Services. Investment resources will provide the Program's share of
Depreciation of Capital Assets, Increased Service Costs, Additional Mainframe
Capacity, Investments in Network Services and Investments in Technical Consulting
Services.
Explanation of Change -22.9 FTE -$903.2K(PRO) -$2,930.9K(AC&C)
An increase of 6.0 workyears in the Regions will support enhanced staffing
for wetlands protection within a community-based ecosystem framework. This
reflects EPA's strong commitment to application of a community-based ecosystem
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approach to wetlands planning and protection. A decrease of 3.0 workyears for
wetlands permit review will result in focusing on a smaller subset of public
notices issued by the Corps of Engineers, specifically those with more
significant environmental impacts. The Agency will also reduce 1.0 workyears
from support to State wetlands programs to reflect the maturity of wetlands-
specific state programs and the increased involvement of state wetlands programs
in broader watershed efforts. A decrease of 27.0 workyears and $903,200 in the
Program and Research Operations appropriation represents a shift of these
resources to the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance. A decrease
$810,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects the need for less support
on elevated cases under Section 404(q) and (c) , and the less costly phase of
refinement, rather than development, of technical tools for wetlands protection.
Other Abatement Control and Compliance changes include the elimination of
$2,320,000 in 1995 appropriations add-ons and an increase of $221,000 shifted
from the Office of Administration and Resources Management to support a portion
of the Working Capital Fund expenses for this program.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $19,873,000 and 185.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $11,762,800 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $8,110,200 is from the Abatement Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1995, EPA is continuing to work with the White House Office on
Environmental Policy and other Federal agencies to complete development of the
framework for fair, effective, and flexible wetlands protection outlined in the
President's Wetlands Plan of August 1993. EPA is also implementing many aspects
of the plan, including meeting the long-term goal of increasing the quantity and
quality of the Nation's wetlands.
The Agency is conducting anticipatory approaches to wetlands protection
with the states, using wetlands/watershed management, advance identification
(ADID), special area management plans, and State Wetlands Conservation Plans.
Such tools involve extensive public involvement and outreach and wetlands
classification for a given watershed or site.
The program continues to build a strong, consistent, fair and efficient
Section 404 regulatory program working with the Army/Corps of Engineers and other
Federal agencies, with particular emphasis on tailoring wetlands protection
activities to reflect the relative functions and values of the wetlands at
specific geographic sites. The Agency is responding to the results of the
National Academy of Sciences study on wetlands delineation. We are developing
guidance on state Section 404 assumption and programmatic general permits. The
Agency is promoting State Wetlands Conservation Plans (including non-regulatory
components and landowner incentives), and developing guidance on integrating
wetlands protection with other ongoing programs.
The Regions are providing outreach/education programs to the regulated
community, while Headquarters is supporting Regional strategies for direct
communication with their agricultural communities to address specific regional
types of farming, wetlands and other issues. EPA is working with landowners
regarding incentives for wetlands protection and restoration through
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participation in the National Wetlands Conservation Alliance, a group of Federal
and private partners, and other mechanisms.
The Agency is developing guidance necessary for the implementation of
wetlands mitigation banking systems; implementation and oversight of new
mitigation banks that comply with the guidance will occur during 1995. EPA is
working with other Federal agencies in developing and using ecological indicators
to assist in creating methodologies for long-term evaluation of the status,
health, and trends of wetlands.
Congressional Directives: A total of $2,320,000 is for the
Congressionally directed projects of Blackwater River Watershed Wetland
Protection ($200,000), Canaan Valley Task Force ($835,000), Susquehanna River
Wetlands Projects ($300,000), Duck River Watershed Restoration ($385,000), Five
Island Dredging ($400,000), Heron Haven Wetlands in Omaha ($150,000), and the
Oregon Division of State Lands for Wetlands ($50,000).
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $17,838,200 supported by 172.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $11,120,300 was from the Program Research
and Operations appropriation and $6,717,900 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
EPA provided technical assistance to states to assume wetland
responsibilities, and approved New Jersey's request as the second state to assume
the Federal Section 404 permit program. EPA initiated approaches to fair,
flexible and effective wetlands protection such as the Marsh Management
Initiative, the Eastern Stormwater Model and wetlands biocriteria development.
EPA enhanced programs for assistance to private landowners and for improving
access to information for landowners and the general public.
Working with other Federal agencies and the White House Office on
Environmental Policy, EPA continued implementation of the Clinton
Administration's August 1993 Wetlands Plan. Significant accomplishments included
developing and implementing an interagency agreement making USDA the lead agency
for wetland determinations on agricultural lands, as well as completing an Alaska
Wetlands Initiative, a public process that developed ways to tailor the wetlands
program to the unique circumstances in the state. Additional interagency guidance
on mitigation banking was developed, and work continued on developing mechanisms
for integrating watershed management concepts with the CWA Section 404 program.
Nonpoint Source Management Grants
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $100,000,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
no change from 1995.
The Regions and the states will continue to target high priority
watersheds and state nonpoint source (NFS) management program needs, consistent
with approved state Clean Water Act (CWA) Section 319 NPS programs. Targeted
projects will include the appropriate mix of implementation measures necessary
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to protect specific watersheds/ecosystems or to enhance state-wide NFS
management.
In advancing community-based ecosystem protection, CWA Section 319 funds
will help support specific state-designated local watershed restoration projects.
These projects will employ NFS management measures and ecological enhancements
designed to restore wetlands, streambanks, shorelines, seagrass beds and other
coastal and inland habitats. In addition to traditional NFS management measures,
such watershed projects will include: restoration of riparian habitats in man-
altered watersheds ; urban lake renewal; improvement and restoration of important
wetland habitats; shaping or restoration of altered stream channels and riparian
habitats; and protection/restoration of eroding shorelines and their habitats.
These grants will also support continuing statewide NFS implementation
activities. These will include upgrading the level and quality of NFS controls
being applied in the high priority watersheds to reflect the best economically
achievable management measures available. In particular, these funds will be
focused on several specific priority NFS pollution categories -- agriculture,
silviculture, urban, and hydromodification -- and will be managed in cooperation
with other Federal agencies, as well as to support implementation of state
coastal NFS management programs under Section 6217 of the Coastal Zone Act
Reauthorization Amendments (CZARA) of 1990.
The Administration will propose legislation to include this grant program
in the Performance Partnership Initiative. A state could elect to consolidate
this and other categorical media grants into one or more multimedia or single
media grants. The state (or where applicable, tribe) could then target its most
pressing environmental problems and use the performance partnership grant for a
number of activities including pollution control, abatement and enforcement.
This program will not compromise basic national objectives and legislative
requirements.
Explanation of Change 0.0 FTE -$100,000 K (WI/SRF) +$100,000.0 K (AC&C)
There is no change in the requested level of funding. However the 1996
request moves the program from the Water Infrastructure/State Revolving Fund
account to the Abatement, Control and Compliance account'.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $100,000,000 for this program from the
Water Infrastructure/State Revolving Fund appropriation.
The Regions and the states are targeting priority watersheds for the
abatement and prevention of NFS pollution particularly in critical aquatic
resources and habitats, such as warm-water/cold-water fisheries, estuaries, and
near coastal waters. Specific projects may include provisions for: (1) on-site
assistance, education, outreach, technology and information transfer; (2)
innovative prevention and control techniques; (3) state and local regulatory and
enforcement mechanisms; (4) environmental and biological indicators; (5)
techniques to avoid ground water contamination from NFS pollution; and (6)
institutional and financial arrangements that will lead to long-term water
quality improvements. All activities selected for funding are to achieve
discrete, measurable results that will reduce risk to the aquatic environment or
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human health or they must directly advance the state toward effective
implementation of comprehensive NFS management programs.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $76,810,900 for this program, all of which
was from the Water Infrastructure/State Revolving Fund appropriation.
These funds supported state implementation of their CWA Section 319 NFS
management programs. The Agency, based on careful analyses and oversight of
state CWA Section 319 management plans and grant submittals, selected state NFS
activities for funding which: 1) supported development of effective pollution
prevention mechanisms to minimize generation of NFS pollution at the source, with
emphasis on high priority watersheds; 2) supported innovative state approaches
to resolve NFS agriculture, mining and forestry problems in high priority
watersheds; 3) assured performance, continuity, and self-sufficiency of NFS
programs at the state level through hiring of staff and establishment of state-
wide programs for education, technical assistance, and technology transfer; and,
4) supported fully integrated urban pollution programs in high priority
watersheds by enhancing CWA Section 319 programs designed to address urban
stormwater not regulated by National Pollution Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) permits.
We.tlands Program Implementation Grants
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,000,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. There is no
change from the 1995 budget request.
The wetlands state grant program enhances the Agency's wetland protection
efforts, fostering strong partnerships between EPA and the states, tribes, and
territories. The states, tribes and territories will continue to move toward the
Administration's interim goal of no overall net loss and long-term objective of
an increase in the quantity and quality of wetlands- by developing their
protection programs. The grants provide assistance for watershed protection
projects, development of programs to assume Section 404, streamlining regulatory
programs (including development of programmatic general permits), incorporating
wetlands protection in state water quality certification processes, and the
development of State Wetlands Conservation Plans and other comprehensive program
efforts. During 1996, wetlands state grant funds will continue to focus on state
and tribal wetlands protection through integration into watershed approaches and
State Wetlands Conservation Plans, and through development of programs to monitor
and evaluate the health of our wetlands. Grant funds also will be targeted to
advance identification efforts, as part of EPA's ongoing work to assist states,
tribes and local governments in taking stronger roles in wetlands planning,
protection, and regulation.
Explanation of Change 0.0 FTE $0.0 (AC&C)
There is no change in this program.
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1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $15,000,000 for this program, all of
which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1995, activities in this program are supporting the Agency's watershed
protection goal through financial assistance for targeted wetlands protection
projects. Virtually all states and many tribes are expected to seek to
participate again in 1995. Projects that enable state to assume more
responsibility for wetlands programs, that integrate state, local and private
sector programs and activities and that integrate protection efforts in priority
watersheds are of highest priority. The Agency continues to encourage and
support the efforts of Indian tribes to develop and implement effective wetlands
protection programs.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $10,694,200 for this program, all of which
was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
EPA received 166 applications requesting approximately $22,500,000 in
federal funds; $10,000,000 were available for this program. Preliminary data
indicate that 101 grants were awarded to 42 states, 13 tribes, five territories
and one inter-tribal council. These funds were used primarily for the
development of new or improved state and tribal wetlands protection programs.
Ocean Disposal Permits
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,364,700 and 50.9 total workyears for
this program, of which $3,541,100 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $4,823,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $236,600 for Program and Research
Operations and an increase of $612,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance and
an increase of 0.7 in total workyears.
The Agency will promulgate revised regulations for the ocean disposal of
dredged materials, and continue its partnership with the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers (COE) to develop long-term management strategies for dredged materials.
In addition, ocean disposal sites will continue to be monitored. The Agency will
provide guidance to the Regions to implement Water Resources Development Act
(WRDA) requirements for site designation and management. EPA will continue to
implement the Ocean Dumping Ban Act (ODBA) and assist in the implementation of
the Agency's contaminated sediment strategy. The Agency will also continue to
develop and encourage the use of control mechanisms for marine debris.
The Agency will review draft COE permits for dredged material disposal,
manage ocean disposal sites, and continue their monitoring activities to ensure
compliance and enforcement of ocean dumping criteria and permit requirements, and
respond to the requirements of WRDA. EPA will continue to implement ODBA by
working with former sludge dumpers to ensure implementation of long-term
alternatives to ocean dumping. Support of the Agency's helicopter monitoring
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program for New York/New Jersey beaches will continue in 1996 at the same level
as previous years.
Explanation of Change 0.7 FTE +$236.6K(PRO) +$612.OK(AC&C)
Changes reflect restoration of cuts made pursuant to the 1995
Congressionally-directed general reduction, which will support equipment upgrades
on the Ocean Survey Vessel Anderson, development of WRDA guidance, permit review
support, and increased workforce costs.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $7,516,100 and 50.2 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,304,500 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $4,211,600 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency is publishing revised regulations for the ocean disposal of
dredged materials for public comment. In partnership with the COE, EPA is
developing long-term management strategies for dredged materials, while
addressing recommendations resulting from the report of the Interagency Working
Group on the Dredging Process. EPA is providing guidance to the Regions on
implementation of WRDA requirements for site designation and management. The
Agency continues to assist in the implementation of the Agency's contaminated
sediment strategy. EPA will complete a Memorandum of Understanding with the COE
on management of dredged material. The Agency also is developing and encouraging
the development of strategies to control or reduce marine debris, and is
producing a nationwide marine debris action agenda with an emphasis on
assessment, source control, clean-up, and public education.
The Agency is continuing to review draft COE permits for dredged material
disposal. In addition, we are continuing their ocean disposal site management
and monitoring activities to ensure compliance and enforcement of ocean dumping
criteria and permit requirements, and the requirements of WRDA. EPA is
continuing to work with former sludge dumpers to ensure implementation of long-
term alternatives to ocean dumping. Support of EPA's helicopter monitoring
program for New York/New Jersey beaches is continuing in 1995 at the same level
as in previous years.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $7,662,100 supported by 51.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,310,300 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation, $4,349,600 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and $2,200 was from the Ocean Dumping Fund.
Headquarters promulgated an interim final rule, and completed work on a
subsequent final rule, which clarified bioaccumulation testing requirements for
ocean disposal of dredged material. Additional regulatory activities included
a final rule correcting the list of EPA-approved ocean dumping sites. • In
addition, Headquarters and Region II developed an Action Plan to address NY-NJ
Harbor dredging issues, which had caused delays in dredging the harbor. HQ
initiated development of a Memorandum of Understanding with the Corps of
Engineers on dredged material management. Technical papers on monitoring
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activities at the 106 Mile Site were completed and published. A statistical
beach cleanup methodology was produced to enable status and trends analysis of
marine debris.
The Regions continued to designate dump sites and review COE dredged
material permits. Notably, Region IX completed final designation of an ocean
disposal site off the coast of San Francisco, and Region II developed a proposal
for public comment on NY/NJ Harbor dredged material issues.
Water Quality Criteria, Standards and Applications
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $22,697,900 supported by 130.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,492,900 will be for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $13,205,000 will be for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of 4.6
workyears and $981,700 in Program and Research Operations appropriation and an
increase of $3,203,900 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Supporting the guiding principles of community-based ecosystem protection
and strong science and data, the program will develop and improve tools for
Regions and states to integrate data from multiple sources arid provide specific
place-based assessments of individual ecosystems. The program will conduct pilot
studies with two states which incorporate ecological factors into the structure
of their water quality standards programs. The pilots, which will eventually
serve as national models, will incorporate new ecological risk assessment
methodologies and expand the use of ecological tools such as biological
assessment methods, aquatic life criteria, wildlife criteria, habitat
evaluations, whole effluent and whole sediment toxicity bioassays, and ecological
models. Guidance on this new ecosystem approach will be incorporated into
revised and expanded guidance documents, such as a new Use Attainability Analysis
Guidance, that are distributed to states. The revised and expanded guidance will
focus on special ecosystems.
The Regions will continue to assist the states 'in expanding their
ecological modeling capabilities using biological assessments and biological
criteria. They will also continue to assist states in development of Wasteload
Allocations (WLAs) to facilitate equitable distribution of pollution control
between point and nonpoint source discharges.
This program supports the Agency guiding principle of environmental
justice by providing the scientific basis for cleaning up contaminated waters
that minority and low income populations use for sport and subsistence fishing.
The Agency will initiate a national study on contamination of bioaccumulative
pollutants, particularly mercury, in fish; evaluate current risk assessment
methodologies to develop protective human health levels; and begin to develop the
first national human health criterion for the concentration of mercury in
sediments. The Agency will also provide guidance for states to use in warning
minority and subsistence fishers in major lakes and reservoirs that have mercury-
contaminated fish. These activities will reduce health risks to persons who
consume above average quantities of fish while states implement point and
nonpoint source controls to address sources of carcinogens, and reproductive and
developmental toxics.
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In 1996, the Agency will focus on several highly toxic chemicals (dioxin,
mercury, PCBs, arsenic, lead) in developing revised human health and ecological
criteria that reflect new hazard information, analyses of national fish
monitoring data, and the use of updated risk assessment methodologies to protect
sport and subsistence fishers. The Agency will also provide guidance to states
and Regions in implementing the revised chemical-specific Ambient Water Quality
Criteria methodologies when they develop their own human health and ecological
criteria.
The Agency will develop comprehensive risk assessments for the pollutants
selected for the Round Two Sewage Sludge Use and Disposal Regulations, including
dioxin and PCBs. The Sludge Regulations will specifically address risk
assessment methodologies for pathogens and indirect exposure from incinerator
emission. The program will work on the Second National Sewage Sludge Survey and
the Comprehensive Field Monitoring Study for ecological impacts from sludge land
applications.
Working Capital Fund base resources pay for Program postage costs that
provide all routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and include regular First,
Third and Fourth Class mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority mail,
registered and certified mail and pouch mail. Working Capital Fund base dollars
also provide on-going data processing and telecommunication services for this
Program. These services are classified into five costs centers; Enterprise
Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical Consulting
Services and Scientific Computing Services. Investment resources will provide
the Program's share of Depreciation of Capital Assets, Increased Service Costs,
Additional Mainframe Capacity, Investments in Network Services and Investments
in Technical Consulting Services.
Explanation of Change +4.6 FTE +$981.7 K (PRO) +$3,203.9 K (AC&C)
The increase of $981,700 in Program Research and Operations reflects
increased workforce costs and the cost of 2.0 new workyears for fish consumption
criteria development described below. The increase in Abatement, Control and
Compliance will be directed as follows: •
In response to state, municipal and discharger demands for targeted cost-
effective pollution control measures that maximize environmental benefits, an
increase of $1,020,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
supports the Agency's efforts to improve risk assessment processes; biological
and nutrient assessment methods; and sediment criteria metholodogies for Regions
and states to better assess environmental impacts on individual ecosystems.
An increase of $1,380,000 will allow the Agency to improve non-point
source water quality models and provide guidance to assist states in allocating
pollutant reductions among point and nonpoint sources, incorporating new
methodologies for metals, and performing risk assessments for and developing
wildlife/aquatic life criteria. These efforts will emphasize high-priority, wet-
weather Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) which directly cause waterbody
impairment attributable to nonpoint source-related contaminants and which have
been particularly challenging problems to Regions and states. The models will
address remaining high-risk ecological problems such as nutrients and habitat
destruction and will factor in the biological response to improvements in the
chemical and physical integrity of the water body. These models will enable
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states to define attainable ecosystem values and identify ways to estimate
economic benefits of ecosystems.
In order to reduce exposure to contaminants through human consumption of
fish, an increase of 2.0 workyears and $500,000 in Abatement Control and
Compliance will enable the Agency to develop scientific assessments and guidance
documents designed to improve the effectiveness of state fish advisories. The
Agency also will continue to conduct a comprehensive ecological evaluation of
sludge management practices to support the development of Round II Sewage Sludge
Regulations. Finally, an increase of $295,200 reflects a shift of resources from
OARM to support a portion of the Working Capital Fund expenses for this program.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $18,512,300 supported by 125.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $8,511,200 is from the Program and Research
Operation appropriation and $10,001,100 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The program continues to emphasize improvements in the science and data
to supporting establishment of a holistic watershed, multi-media approach to
water quality problems. The Agency is also developing ecological risk assessment
methodologies to (1) complement water quality modeling; (2) evaluate watershed
conditions; (3) diagnose problems; and (4) develop protection plans at the
watershed-level. The improved data and science will support state decisions on
site-specific water quality improvements on a watershed basis, such as using
biological assessments and evaluations of whole effluent toxicity, habitat, and
multiple/non-chemical stressors.
Work will begin on evaluating the results of a comprehensive ecological
field study of sludge management practices being conducted in conjunction with
the Water Quality Research Program. The Program is applying the results to the
development of Round II Sewage Sludge Regulations. Activities to assist states
and Indian tribes to adopt numeric toxic standards and identify priorities for
the 1994-1996 triennium also continue.
Congressional Directive: A total of $1,480,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project, Coastal Sediment Decontamination Program.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $18,869,800 supported by 105.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,333,100 was from the Program and Research
Operation appropriation and $11,536,700 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1994, the Agency completed and distributed a number of guidance
documents and conducted valuable training to support Regional and state efforts
to improve their water quality standards and risk assessment capabilities. The
second edition of the Water Quality Standards Handbook was updated to include the
Agency's metals policy and republished. The program also completed water-effect
ratio and antidegradation and nonpoint source guidance documents. Over 400
participants from Regions, state and municipal governments, Indian tribes,
industrial organizations, and environmental groups attended the Water Quality
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Standards Academy. The Agency issued interim guidance for calculating water-
effect ratios pursuant to the national toxics rule and a Guidance for Assessment
Chemical Contaminant Data for Use in Fish Advisories. The program completed and
distributed a Contaminated Sediment Management Strategy describing specific
actions to reduce environmental and human health risks related to contaminated
sediment. The program also released a draft Inland Testing Manual with up-to-
date procedures for evaluating potential impacts from discharge of dredged
materials into fresh, estuarine, and saline waters. Finally, the program
sponsored several TMDL workshops designed to provide technical and programmatic
support to Regional, state, and local personnel who develop and implement TMDLs
and participated on a quick-response technical team to help states in solving
problems with developing TMDLs.
Water Quality Financial Assistance
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $28,492,500 and 228.8 total workyears for
this program, of which $15,432,200 will be for Program and Research Operations,
and $13,060,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance Appropriation.
The Water Quality Financial Assistance program element incorporates activities
and resources from one previous program element, Municipal Pollution Control.
A total of 231.7 workyears and $30,855,400 ($14,696,700 PRO and $16,158,700 AC&C)
is transferred from Municipal Pollution Control, prior to the investments and
disinvestments proposed for 1996.
Compared to the total base resources transferred into this program element
from the 1995 Municipal Pollution Control program element, the 1996 request
represents an increase of $735,500 for the Program and Research Operations
Appropriation, a decrease of $3,098,400 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
Appropriation, and a decrease of 2.9 total workyears. The increase in Program
and Research Operations reflects increased personnel costs. The decreases in
total workyears and the Abatement, Control and Compliance Appropriation are the
result of a number of investments and disinvestments in the program. Investments
are designated for providing assistance to tribes and disadvantaged communities
in obtaining water infrastructure funding.
The Water Quality Financial Assistance program encompasses a number of
financial assistance activities that foster strong partnerships with states,
Indian Tribes, local communities, other Federal agencies and the international
community. In 1996, the Agency will continue the aggressive implementation of
a "place-based," risk oriented approach to promote the use of these significant
financial and grant resources to eliminating the most critical environmental
problems in high priority watersheds.
The Agency will continue to manage and ensure the integrity of the Clean
Water State Revolving Fund (CW-SRF) program, which has over $11.0 billion in
Federal funds and over $2.0 billion in state matches for water quality
infrastructure improvements in all 50 states and Puerto Rico. The CW-SRF program
will actively foster the watershed approach, and EPA will provide guidance and
assistance to encourage states to direct SRF loans to projects in targeted, high
risk watersheds. Effort will be expended to assist in the implementation of the
new Drinking Water SRF program, once it has been authorized. The Agency will
also direct its Operations and Maintenance (O&M) program to address pollution
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prevention opportunities, compliance with water quality standards, and other
problems in targeted watersheds.
EPA will promote environmental justice in the CW-SRF by encouraging states
to provide loans to small or disadvantaged communities which, because of their
size or economic condition, have difficulty competing in the financial markets.
Similarly, EPA will assure that environmental justice principles are applied in
several grant programs targeted toward disadvantaged communities. This includes
management of grant programs for the Colonias, Indian set-aside grants, and
grants for Alaskan Native Villages.
The completion/closeout strategy for the Construction Grants program
continues in 1996, with approximately 1,450 active projects at the beginning of
the year. The Agency will continue to provide assistance and guidance to the
Regions and states, resolve audit problems (including disputes), and oversee the
activities of the Corps of Engineers. The goal for the program is to ensure the
efficient completion and closeout of these projects and to ensure the fiscal,
programmatic, and environmental integrity of the program.
EPA will continue to manage almost $2,000,000,000 in grants to cities from
funds appropriated for fiscal years 1992 through 1995. These grants are for a
variety of water and wastewater treatment improvements. Many of these grants
will be in the early stages of construction in 1996 and will require significant
management attention by EPA Regional staff.
The Agency will continue its international partnership with Mexico in
support of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and other
international agreements that pertain to the Border area. EPA is committed to
improving environmental and human health conditions along the U. S ./Mexican Border
by supporting the planning, design and construction of wastewater treatment
facilities and other projects in the Border-area communities. The Agency will
also continue to support its two Border offices (San Diego, California and
Brownsville, Texas) and assist the Border Environment Cooperation Commission
(BECC) in the evaluation of project proposals, setting priorities, and providing
guidance for all activities along the U.S./Mexican Border.
Through the Water Quality Financial Assistance program the Agency will
continue to administer a number of grant programs in 1996 which foster ecosystem
protection and pollution prevention in watersheds through partnerships with state
and local stakeholders. Activities will include the management and development
of guidance for the Section 106 grants, which assist 50 states, six interstate
and territorial agencies, and qualified Indian tribes in the development and
implementation of water pollution control programs. The program will work with
states who choose to enter into a single-media or multi-media Performance
Partnership grants, which will allow a state or tribe to elect to consolidate
categorical media grants into one or more multimedia or single media grants. The
state or tribe could then target its most pressing environmental problems and use
the performance partnership grant for a number of activities including pollution
control, abatement and enforcement.
The program will continue to foster administrative streamlining in the
grants program and will actively pursue electronic transfer in the grants
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process, including electronic signature. The program will renew its Indian
Section 106 program through training, technical assistance, and streamlining.
The Agency will also manage the Water Quality Cooperative Agreements, which fund
demonstration projects and special studies that promote the watershed approach
(as part of existing NPDES programs), state capacity building, pollution
prevention, environmental equity, and other Agency initiatives.
Base resources pay for Program postage costs that provide all routine,
day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and include regular First, Third and Fourth Class
mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority mail, registered and certified
mail and pouch mail.
Base dollars provide on-going data processing and telecommunication
services for this Program. These services are classified into five costs
centers: Enterprise Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop Services,
Technical Consulting Services and Scientific Computing Services. Investment
resources will provide the Program's share of Depreciation of Capital Assets,
Increased Service Costs, Additional Mainframe Capacity, Investments in Network
Services and Investments in Technical Consulting Services.
Explanation of Change -2.9 FTE +$735.5K (PRO) -$3,098.4K (AC&C)
This new program element encompasses the administration and management of
all financial and grant assistance programs. Examples include the CW-SRF, DW-SRF,
Construction Grants completion and close out, grants to coastal cities and
communities with special needs, Water Quality Cooperative Agreements, Section 106
grants, Indian grants and operator training grants. It also includes the
NAFTA/Mexican Border program. Initiatives to streamline grants and provide grant
flexibility are also contained in this program element.
The Water Quality Financial Assistance program incorporates a total of
231.7 workyears and $30,855,400 ($14,696,700 PRO and $16,158,700 AC&C) in base
1995 resources from the Municipal Pollution Control program element. Compared
to the total resources transferred into this program element from the Municipal
Pollution Control program element, the 1996 request represents a total decrease
of 2.9 workyears and $3,098,400 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
Appropriation. The $735,500 increase in Program and Research Operations reflects
increased personnel costs.
The net decrease results from a combination of investments and
disinvestments in the water quality financial assistance program. Increases
include an additional $2,100,000 to fund the Interagency agreement with the Corp
of Engineers to assist in the completion and closeout of the Construction Grants
program. An increase of $600,000 will support SRF integration with the Watershed
approach. $300,000 will go to provide assistance to Indian Tribes and Alaskan
Native Villages and the management of additional grant funds (requested in the
WIF appropriation) to assist Alaskan Native Villages. $745,000 will support data
processing, telecommunications and program postage costs. Workyear increases
include 1.0 for small and disadvantaged community SRF assistance and 1.5
workyears for enhanced Indian Tribal and Native villages grant management•and
assistance.
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A decrease in this program element of $6,857,000 results from the
discontinuation of Congressionally-directed programs. Funding for the Needs
Survey has also been restored to its previous level, $1,800,000, in preparation
for the next Clean Water Needs Survey. Overall workyear decreases result from
a reduction in Mexican Border and other Financial assistance activities. The
remaining increases in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects the inclusion
of resources to support data processing, telecommunications and program postage
costs.
1995 Program
There are no resources in this program element in 1995. The Water Quality
Financial Assistance program incorporates activities and resources from the
Municipal Pollution Control program element. A total of 231.7 workyears and
$30,855,400 in 1995 base resources is in Municipal Pollution Control. Activities
associated with these resources in 1995 are described in the Municipal Pollution
Control program element.
1994 Accomplishments
There were no resources in this program element in 1994. The Water
Quality Financial Assistance program incorporates activities and resources from
the Municipal Pollution Control program element. AccomplLshments for these
activities for 1994 are described in the Municipal Pollution Control program
element.
Wastewater Management & Technology
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $45,950,900 supported by 434.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $28,693,100 will be for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation, and $17,257,800 will be for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. The Wastewater Management and Technology
program incorporates activities and resources from two previous program elements,
Permits Issuance and Municipal Pollution Control. A total of 366.0 workyears and
$27,685,100 ($22,693,000,PRO and $4,992,100 AC&C) is transferred into the new
program element from Permits Issuance, and a total of 75.1 workyears and
$13,352,100 ($4,872,300 PRO and $8,479,800 AC&C) is transferred from Municipal
Pollution Control, prior to the investments and disinvestments proposed for 1996.
Compared to the total resources transferred into this program element from
the 1995 Permits Issuance and Municipal Pollution Control program elements, the
1996 request represents an increase of $1,127,800 for Program and Research
Operations, and an increase of $3,785,900 for Abatement, Control and Compliance,
and a decrease of 6.2 total workyears. The increase in Program and Research
Operations reflects increased personnel costs. Investments include Indian
programs, wet weather programs, and the Agency's Common Sense Initiative and the
Environmental Technology Initiative. The request also includes disinvestments
in oversight of state National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
programs and activities.
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In 1996, the Agency will focus the wastewater management and technology
program toward a "place-based approach," rather than individual sources of
pollution, to ensure the protection of ecosystems and the attainment of clean
surface waters. The Agency will continue to provide regulatory and institutional
incentives for the integration of the watershed approach into Regional and state
water quality programs. EPA will expand watershed protection efforts through
increased inter-program coordination and development of a coordinated ecosystem
monitoring effort. Regions, states, localities and other stakeholders will act
through partnerships to restore and protect surface water, ground water and
habitats within geographic areas. Their actions will be based upon participatory
decision-making, common scientifically-grounded information, and a common
understanding of the roles, priorities and responsibilities of all stakeholders.
The Agency will assure the effective implementation of the watershed
approach in the NPDES, pretreatment and sludge programs. Regions and states will
work with their local stakeholders in developing basin management plans,
establishing priorities and developing environmental indicators that clearly
demonstrate progress toward and attainment of water quality goals.
Headquarters will provide necessary guidance for developing these programs
within the watershed framework and, along with the Regions, provide necessary
tools and technical assistance to enable states and Indian tribes to protect
ecosystems as well as human health and welfare. Regions and states will continue
to synchronize permit issuance and reissue major and minor permits consistent
with basin management plans. The Agency will also support habitat and ecosystem
protection by incorporating habitat protection measures for threatened and
endangered species into permits consistent with Endangered Species Act
requirements and the NPDES Watershed Strategy. Headquarters will strengthen
partnerships with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National
Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), act as liaison with other EPA programs in
establishing procedural agreements, and develop guidance and provide technical-
assistance to Regions and states to assure the successful integration of
permitting with all water and habitat protection programs. As part of the
Agency's initiative to strengthen partnerships, EPA will provide technical
assistance to building Tribal capacity for administering authorized water and
sludge management programs.
The Agency will address wet weather problems such as storm water, combined
sewer overflows (CSOs) and sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs), by providing
technical assistance to States and affected communities in targeted watersheds
to find innovative and cost effective solutions. Headquarters will support the
development of strong partnerships among governments, organizations, and
individuals and further develop the storm water and SSOs programs in alignment
with the principles and strategies set forth in the Agency's Strategic Plan. The
Agency will also emphasize partnerships by involving the States and affected
communities in the continued implementation of the national CSO Policy and the
development of the national SSO policy. Development of regulations for the Phase
II storm water program will continue within the watershed approach, focusing on
rehabilitation and protection of ecosystems, and involving all stakeholders.
The Agency will continue technical assistance efforts to states and Tribes
to promote partnerships and consensus building in all of its activities, to keep
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constituents informed of the Agency's voluntary source reduction programs, and
to enhance environmental justice efforts. Voluntary source reduction activities
include the Municipal Water Pollution Prevention (MWPP) Program and the Water
Use Efficiency program which prevents pollution through water use reduction,
recycling, reclamation and reuse. The success of these efforts with the
hotel/motel industry will be expanded to other industrial and commercial sectors.
The Agency will employ innovations such as the Common Sense Initiative to
improve environmental results and reduce economic impacts by simplifying
regulatory approaches, incorporating new technologies and flexibility into
permits, and supporting projects that demonstrate and transfer innovative, clean
technologies to wastewater management programs. EPA will also expand its efforts
to develop new/alternative technologies to address water quality problems within
the context of the Environmental Technology Initiative (ETI). The Agency will
assist in the development of environmental indicators which allow Regions and
states to clearly demonstrate achievement of water quality goals.
Base resources pay for postage costs that provide all routine, day-to-day
U.S. Postal Services and include regular First, Third and Fourth Class mail, Post
Office Express Mail, two-day priority mail, registered and certified mail and
pouch mail.
Base dollars also provide on-going data processing and telecommunication
services for this Program. These services are classified into five costs
centers; Enterprise Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop Services,
Technical Consulting Services and Scientific Computing Services. Investment
resources will provide the Program's share of Depreciation of Capital Assets,
Increased Service Costs, Additional Mainframe Capacity, Investments in Network
Services and Investments in Technical Consulting Services.
Explanation of Change -6.2 FTE +1,127.8 (PRO) +$3,785.9K (AC&C)
This new program element encompasses those wastewater management
activities that relate to regulatory policy, guidance and implementation of the
NPDES and sludge programs, partnerships with states, tribes and local governments
and wet weather control programs, such as storm water, CSOs and SSOs, and the
pretreatment program. It also includes voluntary source reduction programs, such
as water use efficiency and municipal water pollution prevention, and assistance
programs for disadvantaged communities.
The Wastewater Management and Technology program incorporates a total of
356.2 workyears in 1995 base resources from the Permits Issuance program element,
plus a total of 78.7 workyears in 1995 base resources from the Municipal
Pollution Control program element. Compared to the total resources transferred
into this program element from the 1995 Permits Issuance and Municipal Pollution
Control program elements, the 1996 request represents a decrease of 6.2 total
workyears, an increase of $1,127,800 for Program and Research Operations, and an
increase of $3,785,900 for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
The $1,127,800 increase in Program and Research Operations reflects
increased personnel costs. The net decrease in workyears and net increase in
Abatement, Control and Compliance results from a number of investments and
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disinvestments. An increase of 3.5 workyears and $200,000 will support the
Agency's Common Sense Initiative to apply simplified regulatory approaches, new
technologies and flexibility into permitting programs, and to support projects
that demonstrate and transfer innovative, clean technologies to wastewater
management programs. An increase of 1.5 workyears will provide increased
technical assistance to building Tribal capacity for administering authorized
NPDES permitting, sludge and other wastewater management programs. An increase
of 4.0 workyears will support partnership building and stakeholder involvement
in the implementation of the recently released CSO policy, and support
development of the national SSO policy. An increase of $2,100,000 restores funds
for the ETI to previous levels allowing the program to support development of new
and alternative technologies to address water quality problems.
A reduction of 15.2 workyears represents a disinvestment in oversight of
authorized NPDES states, streamlining the NPDES permitting process, and reducing
support for permit issuance outside of priority watersheds. This reduction is
part of the Agency's overall strategy to reduce oversight of state programs and
to allow increased flexibility in implementing their water programs. The
remaining increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance is targeted towards the
storm water program and a portion of it represents the inclusion of Working
Capital Fund dollars to support data processing, telecommunications and program
postage costs.
19.95 Program
There are no resources in this program element in 1995. The Wastewater
Management and Technology program incorporates activities and resources from the
Permits Issuance and Municipal Pollution Control program elements. A total of
366.0 workyears and $27,685,100 in 1995 base resources in this new program
element is contained in Permits Issuance, and a total of 75.1 workyears is in
Municipal Pollution Control. Activities for 1995 are described in the Permits
Issuance and Municipal Pollution Control program elements.
1994 Accomplishments
There were no resources in this program element in 1994. The Wastewater
Management and Technology program incorporates activities and resources from the
Permits Issuance and Municipal Pollution Control program elements.
Accomplishments for 1994 are described in the Permits Issuance and Municipal
Pollution Control program elements.
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis
ACTUAL
1994
PROGRAM
Coastal Environment
Management
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Assessment and
Watershed Protection
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$8,868
$27,513
$36,381
$19,657
$15,792
$35,449
$28,525
$43,306
.1
.7
.8
.0
.3
.3
.1
.0
$8,424
$29,651
$38,076
$21,373
$14,672
$36,045
$29,797
$44,324
.8
.2
.0
.0
.8
.8
.8
.0
$8,
$30,
$38,
$21,
$20,
$41,
$29,
$50,
160.8
346.2
507.0
522.8
156.5
679.3
683.6
502.7
$8,215.6
$31,346.2
$39,561.8
$21,771.5
$19,047.7
$40,819.2
$29,987.1
$50,393.9
$8
$31
$39
$22
$15
$38
$31
$46
,733.1
,210.5
,943.6
,708.5
,428.5
,137.0
,441.6
,639.0
$517.5
-$135.7
$381 .8
$937.0
-$3,619.2
-$2,682.2
$1,454.5
-$3,754.9
$308.3
$1,559.3
$1,867.6
$1,335.5
$755.7
$2,091.2
-$1,643.8
$2,315.0
Compliance
Water Quality TOTAL $71,831.1 $74,121.8 $80,186.3 $80,381.0 $78,080.6 -$2,300.4 $3,958.8
Monitoring & Analysis
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Coastal Environment
Management
Assessment and
Watershed Protection
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Coastal Environment
Management
Assessment and
Watershed Protection
TOTAL WORKYEARS
127.7
279.5
407.2
130.3
289.4
419.7
117.4
313.2
430.6
117.4
313.2
430.6
117.4
313.2
430.6
120.9
326.4
447.3
117.0
313.4
430.4
120.5
326.6
447.1
116.4
313.2
429.6
119.7
325.4
445.1
-6
-2
-8
-8
-1.2
-2.0
-1.0
-1.0
2.3
12.2
14.5
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $78,080,600 supported by 445.1 total
workyears for 1996. Of the request, $31,441,600 will be for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $46,639,000 will be for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,454,500
in Program and Research Operations, a decrease of 2.0 total workyears, and a
decrease of $3,754,900 in Abatement, Control and Compliance.
Coastal Environment Management
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $39,943,600 and 119.7 total workyears for
this program, of which $8,733,100 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $31,210,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $517,500 for Program and Research
Operations, and a decrease of $135,700 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, and
a decrease of 0.8 total workyears.
The Agency will work toward the Agency's community-based ecosystem
protection goal through continued development and implementation of national
coastal strategies and through targeted support to critical estuaries and other
coastal watersheds. Emphasis will be placed on transferring lessons learned from
the estuaries in the National Estuary Program (NEP) to other coastal areas and
water bodies, as well as expanding participation in coastal ecosystem management.
Grant funding for post-Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan (CCMP)
activities at National Estuary Program (NEP) estuaries will demonstrate
innovative techniques that are potentially applicable to other estuaries. As
such, these activities will be funded under our existing CWA section 104(b)(3)
or a new CWA reauthorization for section 320. Grant funding for post-CCMP
activities is not intended to support activities to monitor the progress of the
effectiveness of CCMP implementation. Regional staff .will continue support of
designated NEPs, and will work with states and other Federal agencies to ensure
a sound and nationally consistent coastal ecosystem program.
We will continue to implement community-based water quality controls for
marine point source dischargers, through support for the secondary treatment
waiver program (CWA section 301(h)), and support for the ocean discharge program
(CWA Section 403) , both of which use ecological risk-based information in setting
discharge limits. The Agency will implement the secondary treatment waiver
program through: (1) technical guidance and training and (2) evaluation of
permittee monitoring data based upon ecological testing protocols in renewal of
waivers. The Regions will continue to work to ensure that marine dischargers are
meeting ocean discharge criteria (section 403), and will implement technical
guidance on ecological decision criteria, including training on conducting
ecological risk assessments.
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EPA Regions will continue to enhance the integration of base program
activities, under all relevant Federal, state and local statutory authorities,
and implement non-traditional approaches to addressing environmental problems
consistent with an ecosystem approach in the Great Lakes. Through the Lakewide
Management Plans (LaMPs) for Lakes Erie, Michigan, Ontario and Superior, EPA will
identify stressors which are adversely impacting, or have the potential to
impact, beneficial uses in the Great Lakes and implement appropriate management
actions in partnership with other environmental and resource management
authorities. The Regions will continue to support the Great Lakes states in
utilizing a watershed approach in implementing Remedial Action Plans (RAPs) for
areas of concern (AOCs) through integration of multi-media actions in
geographically targeted areas. EPA will continue to support and encourage broad
public participation throughout both the LaMP and RAP programs.
The Agency will increase support for planning and restoration activities
in the South Florida ecosystem, including monitoring the implementation of the
required comprehensive water quality protection program in the Florida Keys, and
working with other Federal, state and local programs to coordinate activities in
this critical area. Mandated by the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Act
of 1990, the plan prescribes activities necessary to restore and maintain a
balanced, indigenous population of corals, shellfish, and fish in concert with
recreational activities in the watershed. Related activities include concerns
for the mechanisms for severe mercury contamination in the watershed tributary
to the Everglades and to Florida Bay and the Keys.
Activities of the Gulf of Mexico Program (GoMP) will support the Agency's
priorities of ecosystem protection, environmental justice, pollution prevention,
and building partnerships with states and other Federal agencies. EPA will
strive to integrate base program activities, under all relevant Federal, state,
and local statutory authorities, and implement non-traditional approaches to
addressing environmental problems consistent with an ecosystem approach. The GMP
will continue to identify opportunities for governments to cost-share
implementation of take-action projects and to work together to solve multi-media
and cross-jurisdictional environmental problems. Progress will be made toward
implementing the Gulf of Mexico Program Partnership for Action challenges and
developing continuing strategic assessment and ecosystem management capability.
Working Capital Fund base resources pay for Program postage costs that
provide all routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and includes regular First,
Third and Fourth Class mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority mail,
registered and certified mail and pouch mail. WCF base dollars also provide
ongoing data processing and telecommunication services for this program. These
services are classified into five cost centers: Enterprise Computing Services,
Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical Consulting Services and Scientific
Computing Services. Investment resources will provide the Program's share of
Depreciation of Capital Assets, Increased Service Costs, Additional Mainframe
Capacity, Investments in Network Services and Investments in Technical Consulting
Services.
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Explanation of Change -0.8 FTE +$517.5K(PRO) -$135.7K(AC&C)
An increase of 2.0 workyears for the GoMP will support ecosystem
management, strategy assessment, management and financial integrity. A reduction
of 2.0 workyears reflects decreased support for the secondary treatment waiver
program. A reduction of 1.0 workyear reflects a minor realignment of resources
to fund Agency priorities elsewhere. The increase in Program and Research
Operations reflects increased workforce costs. An increase of $2,000,000 in
Abatement Control and Compliance will support enhanced efforts to protect and
restore the South Florida ecosystem. A $389,700 Abatement Control and Compliance
reduction to our NEP/coastal watershed protection program reflects more NEPs
reaching the implementation stage. Greater emphasis will be placed on
transferring lessons learned from the 29 NEPs to other estuaries, coastal areas,
and water bodies. The remaining Abatement Control and Compliance shifts reflect
the elimination of $2,130,000 of 1995 appropriation add-ons, increases for Great
Lakes activities, the Caribbean Initiative, Ocean discharges, and an increase of
$169,600 shifted from the Office of Administration and Resources Management to
support a portion of the Working Capital Fund expenses for this program.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total $39,561,800 and 120.5 workyears for this
program, of which $8,215,600 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $31,346,200 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Increased program management and support of the NEP is taking place in the
Regions as a result of a Headquarters delegation in 1994. As the NEP matures and
more NEPs reach the implementation stage, emphasis is being placed on
transferring lessons learned from the existing NEPs to other coastal areas and
water bodies. In addition, 6-8 new, streamlined NEPs are being designated,-
bringing the total number of NEPs to 29, 15 with completed CCMPs, and 12-14 in
the developmental stage. Grant funding for post-Comprehensive Conservation and
Management Plan (CCMP) activities at National Estuary Program (NEP) estuaries
demonstrate innovative techniques that are potentially applicable to other
estuaries. As such, these activities are funded under our existing CWA section
104(b)(3). Grant funding for post-CCMP activities is not intended to support
activities to monitor the progress of the effectiveness of CCMP implementation.
We are continuing implementing ecosystem-based water quality controls for marine
point source dischargers, through support for the secondary treatment waiver
program (CWA section 301(h)), and support for the ocean discharge program (CWA
Section 403).
In the Great Lakes basin, the Regions are implementing load reduction
actions through multi-jurisdictional load reduction actions that utilize all
available programs and authorities. The Agency are continuing to work with Great
Lakes states to implement LaMPs in Lakes Erie, Michigan, Ontario and Superior.
The Lake Michigan LaMP is continuing the enhanced monitoring/modeling program for
Lake Michigan in cooperation with Office of Research and Development and Office
of Air and Radiation to identify loads of critical pollutants to Lake Michigan
from both point and nonpoint sources. The Lake Superior LaMP is continuing to
identify and implement innovative approaches to zero discharge. The Lake Erie
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LaMP is exploring new approaches to integrating environmental and resource
management into a comprehensive ecosystem approach. The Regions are working with
the states in implementing RAPs for the 31 U.S. AOCs, emphasizing integration of
all programs and authorities into a full-scale watershed protection approach.
Work continues on completing the Water Quality Protection Plan for the
Florida Keys. EPA is conducting planning and restoration efforts in concert with
other key Federal Agencies participating in the South Florida Ecosystem Task
Force, recognizing the need for coordinated agency action to more effectively and
efficiently address ecosystem problems including the high concentrations of
mercury in the food chain, nutrient discharges from agriculture, and the needs
of a sustainable economy in South Florida.
The GoMP is targeting its efforts to implementing priority projects
identified by issue committees focussed on solving the following eight
environmental problems in the Gulf: marine debris, toxics and pesticides,
habitat degradation, nutrient enrichment, coastal erosion, public health, living
aquatic resources, and fresh water inflows. Projects are being funded to address
ecosystem protection and pollution prevention issues in the Gulf of Mexico. The
program is working toward increased cost-sharing and leveraging of resources in
coordination with Federal, state, and private partners. Projects being funded
with special emphasis on habitat protection and restoration, protection of public
health and food supply, restoration of shellfish-growing waters, coastal erosion,
public education and outreach projects, marine debris and beach clean-up
activities, and initiatives to improve coastal nonpoint source controls. The GoMP
is continuing work toward an integrated place-based ecosystem management plan
that includes strategic assessment, prioritization, and an ecosystem information
management network.
Congressional Directives: A total of $2,130,000 is for the
Congressionally directed projects of Long Island Sound ($400,000), Buzzards Bay
Management Plan ($400,000), Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary ($250,000),
and Puget Sound Monitoring and Cleanup ($200,000), and Maumee River and Bay
Clean-up ($880,000).
1994 Accomplishments
EPA obligated a total of $36,381,800 supported by 130.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $8,868,100 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $27,513,700 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Headquarters initiated delegations of authority in the National Estuary
Program in order to give the Regions full responsibility for NEP project
management. Final CCMPs were approved for San Francisco and Long Island Sound.
Headquarters issued final guidance for technical characterization of estuaries,
and use of non-profit organizations for funding and implementation support, and
initiated guidance on financing implementation of CCMPs. Regulatory activity
included promulgating final regulations for the 301(h) program for waivers from
secondary treatment, and developing proposed regulations to implement the Shore
Protection Act. New Discharge Zone guidance was developed, and authority to
designate No Discharge Zones was delegated to the Regions under CWA Section 312.
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1994 was the first year the EPA was able to provide funds to implement the
research and monitoring phase of the Water Quality Protection Plan for the
Florida Keys. Detailed technical workplans were proposed and accepted for the
execution of monitoring of the water quality, seagrass habitats, and coral reef
communities essential to the Marine Sanctuary. Grants and cooperative agreements
were negotiated to execute these plans. Considerable progress was made in
preparing a detailed information management plan that describes how data from
these monitoring programs will be stored and distributed in conjunction with the
State of Florida and in cooperation with the GoMP.
The GoMP provided funding that leveraged contributions from Gulf
partnership agencies to initiate 50 regional projects of the Action Agenda
challenges. These projects included volunteer water quality and marine debris
monitoring, strategic assessment capability, restoration of shellfish growing
waters, coastal erosion projects, workshops on toxics and pesticides, watershed
inventories, identification of sediment contaminants, protection of habitats,
support for the Adopt-a-Wetland Program, establishment of corporate recycling
councils in all five Gulf states, public education and outreach projects such as
development of wetlands pamphlets for homeowners, efficient fertilizer use, and
runoff control technologies. A Public Information Center was established at
Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, to make information available about the Gulf
of Mexico. The Gulf Ecosystem Sharing Network was selected by the National
Performance Review Team as a model government reinvention project. A formal
alliance was formed with Historically Black Colleges and Universities and
Minority Institutions in the Gulf states. An ad hoc committee to enhance program
interaction with business and industry was established. A Federal Agency
Partnership Agreement document committing the Federal partners to providing
leadership, resources, and technical assistance to the Gulf of Mexico Program has
been drafted and is scheduled to be signed by all partners in 1995.
Assessment and Watershed Protection
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $38,137,000 and 325.4 total workyears for
this program, of which $22,708,500 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $15,428,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $937,000 for Program
and Research Operations, a decrease of $3,619,200 for Abatement, Control and
Compliance and a decrease of 1.2 total workyears.
The key to successfully implementing EPA's community-based ecosystem
protection initiative is partnerships, involving stakeholders living and working
within particular geographic areas. Therefore, EPA will establish an Ecosystems
Regional Implementation Corps dedicated to working with states and other
stakeholders to focus implementation activities on a community-based ecosystem
approach. An essential function of these teams will be to develop the necessary
implementation tools and frameworks, including cumulative impacts assessments,
multi-media impacts analyses, and grant flexibility mechanisms. In addition, the
Ecosystem Regional Implementation Corps will coordinate with other Federal
agencies so that Federal resources are leveraged to their full potential in
addressing key environmental problems of particular places.
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States continue to report that nonpoint sources (NFS) are their most
significant remaining water quality problems. The Agency will continue
supporting the President's commitment to bolster ongoing NFS pollution control
and prevention programs to achieve better watershed and ecosystem management.
To improve program management, the Agency will conduct Clean Water Act (CWA)
Section 319 grants program reviews in four Regions (expanding on similar reviews
in 1995) which will lead to better targeting of NFS funds in protecting and
enhancing watersheds. Headquarters and the Regions will continue to provide
technical assistance and outreach to states in support of CWA Section 319 and
Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments (CZARA) of 1990 Section 6217
programs, which includes work with the coastal states to help them develop and
implement approvable programs. Overall, the Agency will begin implementing the
strengthened CWA Section 319 grants policy issued in 1995, which will promote
better targeting for on-the-ground implementation of NFS control programs by the
states. This will include a special emphasis on supporting implementation of NFS
components of comprehensive watershed plans. The Regions, supported by
Headquarters, will review and approve/disapprove approximately 10-15 state
programs which are being submitted in 1995 in response to CZARA Section 6217
requirements. The Agency will also be continuing its work with other Federal
agencies to strengthen Federal implementation of NFS management measures to
reduce NFS pollution. This effort will include publication of strengthened
consistency guidance to assist and support the NFS activities of the other
agencies.
Based on recommendations of the National NFS Forum to the Agency, we will
work directly with private sector groups to promote an increase in voluntary
adoption of NFS management practices and controls, including through our
"Partners in Prevention" program. In addition, the Agency will continue ongoing
public outreach efforts to increase awareness of NFS pollution and the specific
actions the public can take to reduce domestic and other NFS contributions.
Developing and targeting protection strategies for identified priority
ecosystems will require improved monitoring and assessment tools. In 1996, the
Agency will substantially increase activities to identify and characterize
impaired/threatened waters and to use environmental indicators to measure
progress against national goals. Headquarters will also support continuing
construction and refinement of the modernized STORET/BIOS/ODES national water
quality data system that is being expanded to include information on aquatic
biological integrity. In 1996, a complete prototype of the modernized data
management system will be completed and data transfers from the existing system
will be initiated so that a fully operational system will be ready in 1997. The
Agency will assist in the development of geo-referencing systems in about 25
states which will support the expanded use of geographic information systems
(CIS) in state and local watershed analyses and community-based ecosystem
protection. Headquarters and the Regions will provide training for the states
on the use of better biological protocols and on increasing the effectiveness of
volunteer monitoring.
The Agency will continue to participate on the interagency monitoring
coordinating committee, and will begin developing with our state partners
strengthened guidance defining a minimum base state monitoring and reporting
programs. Headquarters and the Regions will help the states develop and submit
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their 1996 CWA Section 305(b) reports to be incorporated in the National Water
Quality inventory.
In 1996, the Agency will support better use of CWA Section 303(d) lists
of priority waters requiring watershed allocations (also known as Total Maximum
Daily Loads or TMDLs) to refine and focus our efforts on watershed management.
We will continue to integrate Section 303(d) listing and TMDL development
activities into the watershed context by developing TMDLs according to watershed
priorities. We will provide support and information to states involved in
litigation over TMDL issues. We will continue pollutant trading efforts and
follow-on activities derived from the 1995 national watershed restoration
conference. We will provide information on successful implementation of
watershed management and restoration, as demonstrated in ongoing Clean Lakes
projects, to other geographic areas.
The Agency will continue efforts to implement the President's Forest Plan,
participating in and providing technical assistance to interagency and
intergovernmental teams tasked with protecting and restoring watersheds in our
northwest forests.
Working Capital Fund base resources pay for Program postage costs that
provide all routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and includes regular First,
Third and Fourth Class mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority mail,
registered and certified mail and pouch mail. WCF base dollars also provide
ongoing data processing and telecommunication services for this program. These
services are classified into five cost centers: Enterprise Computing Services,
Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical Consulting Services and Scientific
Computing Services. Investment resources will provide the Program's share of
Depreciation of Capital Assets, Increased Service Costs, Additional Mainframe
Capacity, Investments in Network Services and Investments in Technical Consulting
Services.
Explanation of Change -1.2 FTE +$937.0(PRO) -$3,619.2K(AC&C)
The reduction in workyears and AC&C is the net result of numerous changes
to this program element. The increase in Program Research and Operations
reflects increased workforce costs. An increase of 20.0 total workyears will
support the establishment of the Ecosystem Regional Implementation Corps in
support of EPA's place-based protection efforts. A decrease of 15.0 total
workyears will represent a reduction in point source monitoring/special single-
chemical monitoring studies and a decrease of 2.0 total workyears will reflect
the decreased level of resources needed for 1995 CZARA threshold reviews. A
decrease of 3.0 total workyears and $2,000,000 AC&C funds reflects a reduction
in the support for the operation of the existing STORET/BIOS/ODES national water
quality data system as the modernized data system comes on line. An increase of
$1,000,000 in Abatement Control and Compliance will support expanded activities
to characterize impaired waters, including better linkages with the data systems
of other Federal and state agencies, and to use environmental indicators in
measuring progress toward national water quality goals. Other changes in
Abatement Control and Compliance include the elimination of $5,700,000 for 1995
appropriation add-ons; restoration of cuts made pursuant to the 1995
Congressionally directed general reduction; and a shift of $1,767,300 from the
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Office of Administration and Resources Management to support a portion of the
Working Capital Fund expenses for this program.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $40,819,200 supported by 326.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $21,771,500 is from the Program, Research
and Operations appropriation and $19,047,700 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The biennial review and approval of state lists of the priority waters
submitted in 1994 is being completed by the Agency. The listed waters have been
targeted for the development of TMDLs to be used as a basis for the design of
pollution abatement programs. Updated national guidance is being developed by
the Agency to assist states in listing impaired waters in their comprehensive
watershed management programs. In addition, the Agency is continuing to
encourage free-market trading between point and nonpoint sources to support cost-
effective pollution abatement. The Agency is also continuing to provide targeted
technical and program assistance to the states' ongoing lakes clean up and
preservation programs.
Based on the states' CWA Section 305(b) water quality reports submitted
in 1994, the Agency is developing and publishing the National Water Quality
Inventory. Further, the Agency is issuing the national guidance for the states'
1996 water quality reports, which includes guidance for strengthening the overall
consistency of state reporting and for the use of consistent environmental
indicators.
The overall effort to revitalize and coordinate Federal, state, and local
monitoring programs is being accomplished through the intergovernmental Task
Force on Monitoring Water Quality (ITFM), which has been chaired by the Agency.
The ITFM is issuing its final report and recommendations for establishing and
operating a comprehensive national monitoring program, after which the ITFM is
being reconstituted to become a permanent interagency monitoring coordination
committee. Headquarters is issuing, and the Regions will implement, the final
CWA Section 106 guidelines for grants to states and interstate agencies to
administer pollution abatement programs. Efforts are also continuing to
modernize the Agency's STORET/BIOS/ODES water quality and biological data
systems. We are releasing an initial prototype for a portion of the modernized
system for preliminary testing in 1995.
The Agency is conducting an overall detailed review of the contents,
implementation and overall effectiveness of the states' NFS control programs, and
is conducting reviews of regional grants management programs in four of the
Agency's Regional Offices. The Agency is strengthening the CWA Section 319
grants policy to promote more effective and better targeted on-the-ground
implementation of the state NFS programs. This policy includes a special
emphasis on supporting implementation of nonpoint source components of
comprehensive watershed plans. EPA is continuing to provide technical assistance
and outreach to states in support of CWA Section 319 and CZARA Section 6217
programs, which includes work with coastal states through the intensive threshold
review process to help them develop and submit coastal nonpoint source control
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programs that meet CZARA requirements. The Agency is also working with private
sector groups to promote an increase in voluntary actions to control nonpoint
source pollution, including continuing our support of the National Geographic
Society-Conservation Fund sponsored National NPS Forum.
Congressional Directives: At total of $5,745,000 is for the
Congressional-directed projects of Lake Champlain Management Conference
($2,000,000), Skaneatles and Owasko Lake Water Quality Management ($120,000),
Onondaga Lake Management Conference ($1,500,000), National Mines Reclamation
Center ($450,000), Ashtabula River Partnership Initiative ($300,000), Potomac
River Acid Mine Drainage ($225,000), Lake Ponchartrain ($1,000,000) , and Flathead
Lake Planning Study ($150,000).
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $35,449,300 supported by 289.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $19,657,000 was from the Program Research
and Operations appropriation and $15,792,300 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
During 1994, the Agency worked closely with states, NOAA and other federal
agencies to develop coastal NPS programs required by CZARA, including conducting
threshold reviews of proposed state programs. The Agency completed an interim
strategy for the national NPS program and worked to integrate NPS and storm water
Phase II tools. The Agency supported a national NPS campaign led by the National
Geographic Society, several state governors, major corporations, other federal
agencies, and state and local officials to raise public awareness of NPS
pollution problems and gain public support for voluntary NPS pollution controls.
The Agency initiated a significant new effort to ensure that the national NPS
grants are awarded and managed effectively and are consistent with all pertinent
NPS grant guidance through Regional CWA Section 319 NPS grant program reviews.'
The Agency continued to implement the CWA Section 319 NPS Grants Reporting and
Tracking System (CRTS), including the provision of technology transfer among
grantees.
The Agency's water quality planning focus under CWA Section 303(d)
emphasized developing watershed-based TMDLs. The Agency implemented the revised
regulations pursuant to CWA Section 303(d) and provided assistance to the states
to develop TMDLs with particular emphasis on complex TMDLs that include nonpoint
sources. The Agency continued management of the Clean Lakes Program, including
efforts to build strong statewide lake programs. Outreach activities to further
watershed management included publishing NPS News Notes and maintaining the NPS
Bulletin Board System.
During 1994, the Agency continued to chair the ITFM, which includes
representatives from ten federal agencies and ten states, tribes and interstate
commissions. In this third year of operation, the ITFM completed technical tools
and developed recommendations for implementation of a national monitoring
strategy, including institutional collaboration, environmental indicators,
comparable methods, data sharing, assessment, and reporting. The Agency
continued developing its water monitoring strategy in conjunction with its state
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partners. A statewide CWA Section 106 and targeted watershed monitoring guidance
was developed.
The Agency, with selected states, began testing indicators to measure
environmental goals. Draft bioassessment protocols for lakes were written. The
Agency continued developing additional tools to assist volunteer monitoring
programs. The Agency issued a substantially modernized 1992 National Water
Quality Inventory (CWA Section 305(b) Report) and began work on the 1994 report.
The first prototype of the modernized water quality data system
STORET/BIOS/ODES -- was produced and made available for testing by STORET users.
The Agency worked in partnership with EMAP and other federal agencies, as well
as states and volunteer monitoring groups.
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Municipal Pollution
Control
Program & Research $21,306.5 $19,752.5 $19,426.7 $19,569.0 -.$19,569.0 -$19,752.5
Operations
Abatement Control and $16,716.2 $23,616.8 $24,638.5 $24,638.5 -$24,638.5 -$23,616.8
Compliance
Program & Research $10.2
operation - Flood
TOTAL $38,032.9 $43,369.3 $44,065.2 $44,207.5 -$44,207.5 -$43,369.3
TOTAL:
Program & Research $21,306.5 $19,752.5 $19,426.7 $19,569.0 -$19,569.0 -$19,752.5
Operations
Abatement Control and $16,716.2 $23,616.8 $24,638.5 $24,638.5 -$24,638.5 -$23,616.8
Compliance
Program & Research $10.2
operation - Flood
Municipal Source TOTAL $38,032.9 $43,369.3 $44,065.2 $44,207.5 -$44,207.5 -$43,369.3
Control
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Municipal Pollution 314.3 298.4 300.4 299.0 -299.0 -298.4
Control
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 314.3 298.4 300.4 299.0 -299.0 -298.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Municipal Pollution 328.3 298.4 308.2 306.8 -306.8 -298.4
Control
TOTAL WORKYEARS 328.3 298.4 308.2 306.8 -306.8 -298.4
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
Budget Request
The request for resources for this activities in this program element are
contained in two new program elements in 1996, specifically the Wastewater
Management and Technology and the Water Quality Financial Assistance Program
elements.
Municipal Pollution Control
1996 Program Request
The resources requested for the activities in this program element are
contained in two new program elements in 1996, specifically the Wastewater
Management and Technology and the Water Quality Financial Assistance program
elements. A total of 75.1 workyears and $13,352,100 in base 1995 resources is
transferred into the new Wastewater Management and Technology program element
from Municipal Pollution Control. Of the amount transferred to the Wastewater
Management and Technology program element, $4,872,300 is from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation, and $8,479,800 is from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. The remaining 231.7 workyears and $30,855,400 in
base 1995 resources from the Municipal Pollution Control program element is
transferred into the new Water Quality Financial Assistance program element. Of
these resources, $14,696,700 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and $16,158,700 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Explanation of Change -306.8 FTE -$19,569.OK (PRO) -$24,638.5K (AC&C)
This program is transferred to the Wastewater Management and Technology
and Water Quality Financial Assistance program elements in 1996. Activities
associated with and changes to these resources for 1996 are described under these
new program elements. A total of 75.1 workyears and $13,352,100 in base 1995
resources is transferred into the new Wastewater Management and Technology
program element from Municipal Pollution Control. Of the amount transferred to
the Wastewater Management and Technology program element, $4,872,300 is from the
Program and Research Operations appropriation, and $8,479,800 is from the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The remaining 231.7 workyears
and $30,855,400 in base 1995 resources from the Municipal Pollution Control
program element is transferred into the new Water Quality Financial Assistance
program element. Of these resources, $14,696,700 is from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation, and $16,158,700 is from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $44,207,500 and 306.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $19,569,000 is from the Program and Research
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Operations appropriation and $24,638,500 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1995, the Municipal Pollution Control program is implementing the
watershed approach. In cooperation with other EPA programs, states and Regions
are developing detailed water quality assessments and selecting high risk
watersheds. The Agency is directing the Municipal Wastewater Pollution
Prevention (MWPP) and the Operations and Maintenance (O&M) programs to address
pollution prevention opportunities, compliance with water quality standards, and
other problems faced by communities in targeted watersheds.
In 1995, the Agency is concentrating the assistance and implementation
efforts of its wet weather programs toward those watersheds identified at highest
risk. EPA is developing guidance on the integration of various pollution
prevention and control strategies to address storm water, combined sewer overflow
and other municipal and wet weather problems. The Agency is expanding its water
use efficiency program. In addition to ongoing efforts with the hotel/motel
industry, the program is focusing on other sectors as well. Additional emphasis
will be placed on water reuse and energy efficiency.
The completion/close-out of the Construction Grants program continues in
1995 with approximately 2,250 projects at the beginning of the year. By the end
of 1995 there will be approximately 1,450 projects remaining to be closed out.
The main objective of the program is to assure the technical, environmental and
financial integrity of projects funded by the Federal Construction Grants
program.
The Agency continues to support efforts to improve environmental and human
health conditions along the U.S.- Mexican Border. Funds will be used to develop
a Phase II groundwater monitoring network including monitoring and reporting
water quality conditions. Emphasis is placed on supporting the planning, design
and construction of the International Treatment Facility at San Diego, and
supporting projects in the U.S. Colonias and other border communities, including
Mexicali and Nogales. Management and guidance development for the Section 106
grants, Indian grants and water quality cooperative agreements continues in 1995.
The 1995 appropriation made available $1,124,300,000 in 1994 and 1995
funds for 49 grants to cities with special needs, exclusive of funds provided to
Mexican Border area communities. EPA will devote significant attention during
1995 to making these grant awards and getting projects into construction. The
Agency is supporting the President's Environmental Technology Initiative,
specifically the Environmental Technology Innovation, Commercialization, and
Enhancement (EnTICE) program.
Congressional Directives: A total of $6,857,000 is. for the
Congressionally directed projects for wastewater operator and maintenance
training ($1,630,000), the National Environmental Training Center ($1,000,000),
rural water assistance activities ($1,547,000) , Alaska technical assistance-rural
sanitation ($430,000), the Solar Aquatic Wastewater Treatment Demonstration
Program ($2,000,000), and a study of alternative revenue sources for clean water
project funding ($250,000).
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1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $38,032,900 supported by 328.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $21,316,700 was from the Program, Research
and Operations appropriation and $16,716,200 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency awarded approximately $1.3 billion in capitalization grants to
State Revolving Fund (SRF) programs in 1994 (from the Water Infrastructure
Financing Appropriation), which raised the total amount of capitalization grants
awarded since the program's inception to over $9 billion. In addition, the
Agency awarded and managed grants to coastal cities with special needs and for
activities in support of the U.S./Mexico Border projects.
Funds allocated for the Interagency Agreement with the Corps of Engineers
(COE) supported construction management and completion and closeout assistance
to EPA and States. During 1994, COE provided management assistance for
approximately 200 projects.
In support of the environmental objectives of the North American Free
Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the Agency assisted in developing new institutions to
improve border environmental infrastructure by along the U.S.- Mexico Border.
Construction began on the South Bay-Tijuana International Wastewater Treatment
Plant in July 1994. Also, training on industrial wastewater pretreatment was
presented to Mexican officials.
In 1994, the Agency continued to emphasize the enhancement of wet weather
program activities, including technical assistance on constructed wetlands and
sewage sludge, and to support the CSO and storm water programs by evaluating
existing and innovative technologies. The Agency also continued support of the
municipal water pollution prevention programs which included operation and
maintenance, water use efficiency, operator training, small community outreach
and municipal and public/private partnerships.
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Permit Issuance
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Permit Issuance
Program & Research $20,471.5 $22,680.9 $22,776.4 $22,693.0 -$22,693.0 -$22,680.9
Operations
Abatement Control and $3,880.8 $6,399.5 $4,992.1 $4,992.1 -$4,992.1 -$6,399.5
Compliance
TOTAL $24,352.3 $29,080.4 $27,768.5 $27,685.1 -$27,685.1 -$29,080.4
TOTAL:
Program & Research $20,471.5 $22,680.9 $22,776.4 $22,693.0 -$22,693.0 -$22,680.9
Operations
Abatement Control and $3,880.8 $6,399.5 $4,992.1 $4,992.1 -$4,992.1 -$6,399.5
Compliance
Water Quality Permit TOTAL $24,352.3 $29,080.4 $27,768.5 $27,685.1 -$27,685.1 -$29,080.4
Issuance
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Permit Issuance 322.8 361.1 363.7 358.7 -358.7 -361.1
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 322.8 361.1 363.7 358.7 -358.7 -361.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Permit Issuance 337.2 361.1 371.0 366.0 -366.0 -361.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS 337.2 361.1 371.0 366.0 -366.0 -361.1
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Permit Issuance
Budget Request
The request for resources for the activities in the Permit Issuance
program element for 1996 has been moved into the new Wastewater Management and
Technology program element.
Permit Issuance
1996 Program Request
The resources requested for the activities in this program are contained
in the new Wastewater Management and Technology program element in 1995. The
total of 366.0 workyears and $27,685,100 in base 1995 resources is transferred
into the new Wastewater Management and Technology program element from Permits
Issuance, prior to the investments and disinvestments for 1996. Of this amount
$22,693,000 is from the Program and Research Operations appropriation, and
$4,992,100 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Explanation of Change -366.0 FTE -$22,693.OK (PRO) -$4,992.IK (AC&C)
The total of $27,685,100 supporting 366.0 workyears in base resources for
the Permit Issuance program element is transferred into the new Wastewater
Management and Technology program element. Of this amount $22,693,000 is from
the Program and Research Operations appropriation, and $4,992,100 is from the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Changes to these amounts are
described under the New Program Element.
All regulatory policy, guidance and implementation activities concerning
the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), sludge, and
pretreatment programs are transferred into the new program element in 1995. This
includes all activities in the wet weather control programs, such as storm water,
Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) and Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSOs). The new
program element also includes partnerships with states, tribes and local
governments, and new and innovative programs and technology development.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $27,685,100 and 366.0 total workyears
for 1995. Of this amount, $22,693,000 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $4,992,100 is for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency is focusing on implementing the watershed strategy to integrate
the NPDES programs with other surface water programs to support restoration and
protection of watershed-based ecosystems. This effort includes a major emphasis
on permit streamlining, grants integration, controlling wet weather run-off
through CSO/storm water permitting, encouraging beneficial use of sewage sludge
through sludge permitting, and controlling more traditional point source
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discharges through continued support of water quality-based permitting and
pretreatment. The Agency is assisting states in adopting a watershed approach
which involves interested stakeholders, addresses local environmental
infrastructure, and includes ecological protection and pollution prevention. The
Agency is working closely with states to identify major watersheds for future
integrated NPDES activities and to target those habitats and ecosystems that are
impaired or threatened. The Agency further supports the watershed approach by
establishing effective storm water permitting within EPA and state NPDES programs
which will address previously uncontrolled point sources within impaired and
threatened watersheds. The program is using storm water pollution prevention
plans as the approach to control non-traditional sources through the NPDES permit
framework.
The Agency is encouraging the beneficial use of sludge by implementing the
sludge permitting program as an integral part of watershed plans. As NPDES
permits are reissued or where site specific requirements are needed, the Agency
will also issue sludge permits within impaired and threatened watersheds for
sewage treatment works treating domestic sewage. The Program continues to assist
states in assuming sludge permitting program authority.
To maintain environmental gains already achieved, the Agency continues to
stress water quality-based permitting and improved pretreatment programs to
implement new toxic water quality standards adopted by states over the last
several years, emphasizing watershed planning and permitting wherever possible.
EPA is maintaining baseline permitting, storm water permitting, CSO permitting
and pretreatment of sludge activities outside priority watersheds. The Agency
is working with authorized states to ensure they have the infrastructure to carry
out their programs and with unauthorized states to assist them in gaining
authorization.
EPA is focusing on regulatory revisions to (1) streamline permit
procedures while maintaining environmental protection on a watershed basis; (2)
update permit application requirements; (3) ensure permit writers have
scientifically-based information on which to make environmentally protective
decisions across watersheds; and (4) both streamline storm water application
requirements and increase NPDES coverage for additional high-risk storm water
sources.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $24,352,300 supported by 337.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $20,471,500 was from the Program Research
and Operations appropriation and $3,880,800 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Permits Issuance program developed the NPDES Watershed Strategy, which
uses the Agency's regulatory authorities to facilitate protection of watershed-
based ecosystems through integrated water-quality-based permitting, permit
streamlining, pretreatment implementation, sludge management, and control of wet
weather point source discharges. Regions and states began work on state
assessments, action plans and internal coordination activities to prepare for the
implementation of the Strategy in 1995.
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The Agency furthered the establishment of base controls for previously
unregulated wet weather pollution discharges by extending storm water general
permit coverage to 10,800 industrial facilities. In the much more complex area
of municipal storm water permitting, NPDES-authorized states issued 49 municipal
storm water permits. EPA issued one municipal storm water permit for the city
of Tulsa, OK. The Agency also continued work on the storm water multi-sector
permit. The permit will be used in the 10 states and other geographic areas
where EPA issues NPDES permits, and will serve as a model for authorized states.
In order to address the problem of CSOs, EPA issued a consensus policy for
the control of CSO discharges. The policy calls for communities with CSOs to
take immediate and long-term actions to address these problems, while providing
the flexibility to develop workable, cost-effective solutions to this major
environmental problem. To address the problem of SSOs, which are raw sewage
overflows from separate sanitary sewer collection systems, the Agency has begun
to evaluate the extent of the problem nationwide and its impacts on water
quality.
EPA and states continued to reissue permits which meet state and national
toxic water quality standards and implement effluent guidelines. Regions and
states issued about 1,100 major permits. The permit issuance program conducted
a basic permit writer's training course and a meeting with state water quality
permitting specialists which provided the necessary tools and technical
information exchange for permit writers to successfully address current
requirements and issues such as toxics limits. The Agency continued its
implementation of the sludge program by providing assistance to states in gaining
state program authority, emphasizing the integration of sludge programs with the
overall watershed approach, and providing assistance for sludge permit issuance.
The Administrator signed the final rule for treatment of Indian tribes in the
same manner as states for purposes of the NPDES and sludge management programs.
(
The Agency assisted the States of Florida and South Dakota toward gaining
appropriate NPDES permit authorizations. South Dakota gained authority in 1994
to become the 40th authorized state in the NPDES program. Florida plans to
submit an application for authorization in the fall of 1995.
In implementing the President's National Performance Review, the Permit
Issuance program began reviewing permit procedures and regulations to identify
areas where changes would streamline the administrative aspects of the program
and further support successful achievement of an effective risk-based watershed
program. The Agency also developed a proposal for streamlining the pretreatment
program in coordination with Regional pretreatment coordinators and local
stakeholders.
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PROGRAM
WATER QUALITY
Working Capital Fund-Water Quality
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Working Capital Fund -
Water Quality
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$2,594.3 $2,594.3 $2,594.3
$2,594.3 $2,594.3 $2,594.3
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$2,594.3 $2,594.3 $2,594.3
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Working Capital Fund -
Water Quality
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Working Capital Fund -
Water Quality
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Budget Request
WATER QUALITY
Working Capital Fund - Water Quality
The Agency requests a total of $2,594,300 for 1996, an increase of
$2,594,300 from 1995. All of this request will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Working Capital Fund - Water Quality
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,594,300 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The Working
Capital Fund (WCF) - Water Quality program element is a new program element
beginning in 1996. This program element contains funds formerly carried in the
Office of Administration and Resources Management (OARM) and used to support
Water Quality Program needs. With the creation of a WCF in 1996, these resources
are being transferred from OARM, and the Water Quality Program will now be
directly responsible for paying for these services.
WCF base resources pay for Regional Program postage costs that provide all
routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and include regular First, Third and
Fourth Class mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority mail, registered
and certified mail and pouch mail. Base dollars also provide on-going Regional
data processing and telecommunication services for this Program. These services
are classified into five costs centers; Enterprise Computing Services, Network
Services, Desktop Services, Technical Consulting Services and Scientific
Computing Services. Investment resources will provide the Program's share of
Depreciation of Capital Assets, Increased Service Costs, Additional Mainframe
Capacity, Investments in Network Services and Investments in Technical Consulting
Services.
Explanation of Change 0.0 FTE $0.0 PRO +$2,594.3 K (AC&C)
The 1996 budget request reflects a total increase of $2,594,300 in the
Office of Water's Regional programs' Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, offset by a corresponding decrease in the OARM budget request.
This reflects the transfer of these resources from OARM to the Program offices
that actually spend the funds.
1995 Program
There were no resources in this program element in 1995. This program
element was created to facilitate implementation of the EPA Working Capital Fund
in 1996.
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1994 Accomplishments
There were no resources in this program element in 1994. This program
element was created to facilitate implementation of the EPA Working Capital Fund
in 1996.
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Enforcement
ACTUAL
1994
PROGRAM
Water Quality
Enforcement
Program & Research $22,269.6
Operations
Abatement Control and $3,671.0
Compliance
TOTAL $25,940.6
Wetland Protection
Enforcement
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Program & Research $22,269.6
Operations
Abatement Control and $3,671.0
Compliance
Water Quality TOTAL $25,940.6
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Water Quality 360.8
Enforcement
Wetland Protection
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 360.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Water Quality 374.4
Enforcement
Wetland Protection
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS 374.4
PRES. ENACTED CURRENT
BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE
1995 1995
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$20,367.2 $20,995.5 $20,751.5
$33.4 $165.7 $165.7
$20,400.6 $21,161.2 $20,917.2
$2,174.0
$5.0
$2,179.0
$22,541.2 $20,995.5 $20,751.5
$38.4 $165.7 $165.7
$22,579.6 $21,161.2 $20,917.2
330.2 345.2 337.2
35.0
365.2 345.2 337.2
330.2 368.3 360.3
35.0
365.2 368.3 360.3
REQUEST
1996
$23,039.9
$20.5
$23,060.4
$1,984.5
$5.0
$1,989.5
$25,024.4
$25.5
$25,049.9
328.2
27.0
355.2
349.7
27.0
376.7
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
$2,288.4
-$145.2
$2,143.2
$1,984.5
$5.0
$1,989.5
$4,272.9
-$140.2
$4,132.7
-9.0
27.0
18.0
-10.6
27.0
16.4
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
$2,672.7
-$12.9
$2,659.8
-$189.5
-$189.5
$2,483.2
-$12.9
$2,470.3
-2.0
-8.0
-10.0
19.5
-8.0
11.5
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,049,900 supported by 376.7 total
workyears for 1996, an increase of $4,132,700 and an increase of 16.4 total
workyears from 1995. Of this request, $25,024,400 will be for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $25,500 for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $4,272,900 for the
Program and Research Operations appropriation and a decrease of $140,200 for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The Water Quality Enforcement
function now includes resources for regional water Quality Enforcement and
regional Wetlands Protection Enforcement.
Water Quality Enforcement
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 349.7 total workyears and $23,060,400 for
1996. This represents a decrease of 10.6 total workyears, and an increase of
$2,143,200 from 1995. Of this request, $23,039,900 will be for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation, and $20,500 will be for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,288,400 for the
Program and Research Operations appropriation; and a decrease of $145,200 for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The net decrease in total
workyears reflects a shift in emphasis from administrative enforcement to
multi-media compliance activities in NPDES, Pretreatment, Sludge and Combined
Sewer Overflows. It also reflects a decreased emphasis on the Municipal Water
Pollution Prevention (MWPP) program and on State Performance Evaluation.
The 1996 Water Quality Enforcement program will promote a comprehensive
approach for compliance and enforcement to ensure environmental accountability
in protection of the nation's waterways. The Agency will provide clear direction
on compliance to the regulated community through comprehensive guidelines and
technical assistance. The program will concentrate activities in targeted high
risk sectors, ecosystems, and populations.
In 1996, the program will implement the new place-based targeting approach
developed by the Agency. Regions will work with State, local, and Tribal
partners in identifying stressed and threatened ecosystems in high-risk sectors
and geographic areas and select the most appropriate enforcement response (i.e.
administrative, civil, judicial) to address any given violation.
The Water Quality Enforcement program will implement the Posted Stream
Segments Enforcement Initiative. This initiative gives prominent attention to
environmental justice issues based on targeted data analysis of communities
exposed to multiple environmental risks. In 1996, particular attention will be
given to the Native American populations that live near polluted water segments.
While these segments are no longer safe for public fishing and/or swimming, some
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are continuing to be used for subsistence fishing. This initiative will reduce
human health risks and reduce toxic exposure due to consumption of fish.
Another program emphasis for 1996 will be to sources with wet weather
problems, such as Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs), stormwater, agricultural run
off from feedlots, and overflows from separate sanitary sewers. All instances
of significant noncompliance will be responded to on a timely basis.
Explanation of Change -10.6 FTE +$2,288.4K (PRO) -$145.2K(AC&C)
The net decrease in workyears reflects several increases and decreases to
this program. Increased workyears will be devoted to enforcement relating to
posted streams and subsistence fishermen, and to multi-media compliance
activities in NPDES, Pretreatment, Sludge and Combined Sewer Overflows.
Workyears will be reduced in two areas: Municipal Water Pollution Prevention
(MWPP) program (5 total workyears) and State Performance Evaluation and
Commitments (7 total workyears). These decreases reflect transfer of compliance
responsibilities to the states and a streamlining of state oversight as EPA
enhances its state partnerships.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating for 1995 a total of $20,917,200 supported by
360.3 total workyears for this program, of which $20,751,500 is for the Program
and Research Operations appropriation and $165,700 is for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
In 1995, EPA is supporting the Agency's mission to provide ecosystem
protection. The Water Quality Enforcement program is developing a stronger and
more comprehensive compliance and enforcement program by giving priority to
monitoring, targeted compliance, and enforcement actions against any sources
causing water quality problems in priority watersheds and geographically
sensitive areas. Particular attention is being given to targeting through
sector-based compliance activities and outreach training.
The Agency is modifying inspection practices, focusing more on full
multi-media inspections or multi-media screening inspections. To the extent
possible, compliance with sludge, pretreatment, and NPDES requirements are being
reviewed in the same site visit.
Timely and appropriate enforcement action against permittees in
significant noncompliance is being maintained. Regions are identifying and
enforcing against sources which fail to submit stormwater applications, focusing
primarily on priority watersheds. Regions are entering data into the Permit
Compliance system for new programs such as sludge and stormwater, as well as
improving the quality of the data entered for the NPDES and pretreatment
programs.
The pretreatment program is continuing to provide significant pollution
prevention benefits as Regions, states, municipalities and industries continue
to work together to reduce industrial discharges to POTWs by changing industrial
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processes, recycling waste, conserving water and/or providing additional
treatment.
The Agency is continuing to monitor schedules for the remaining 82
National Municipal Policy facilities, and is supporting states in implementing
pollution prevention programs. A key effort in this regard is the Municipal
Water Pollution Prevention program, (MWPP) which assists municipalities in
identifying and addressing potential noncompliance problems.
1994 Accomplishments
As a result of the 1995 reorganization of enforcement resources, a number
of changes took place. The Headquarters Water Quality Enforcement program
resources can now be found in the Multimedia media, in the Regulatory Enforcement
program and in the Sector and Multimedia Compliance program.
The Agency obligated a total of $25,940,600 supported by 374.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $22,269,600 was from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $3,671,000 was from the Abatement, Control,
and Compliance appropriation.
In 1994, the Agency conducted 1,783 inspections, and initiated 666
Administrative Compliance orders against significant noncompliers. Additionally,
209 Administrative Penalty Orders and 81 civil litigation cases were initiated.
The Agency also conducted implemented the National Pretreatment Program to
protect treatment plants and the environment from the adverse impacts of
pollutants being discharged from industrial facilities into sewer systems.
In addition to focusing on traditional sources of pollution, the Agency
issued new policies and guidance documents. In 1994, these included a final
"Combined Sewer Overflow Policy", a "Water Quality Strategy for Animal Feeding
Operations", and, in support of place-based environmental protection, EPA issued
an "NPDES Watershed Strategy". The program also implemented permit requirements
for priority ("phase I") storm water discharges and issued a "Storm Water
Enforcement Strategy".
In 1994, EPA implemented the MWPP with emphasis on preventing pollution
by anticipating design capacity overload in Publicly Owned Treatment Works
(POTWs). The Agency also focused on municipal facilities to ensure compliance
with final effluent limits.
Wetlands Protection Enforcement
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $.1,989,500 and 27.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $1,984,500 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $5,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
Appropriation. This a new program initiated in 1996 by the Agency's enforcement
reorganization which created a separate enforcement and compliance program
through a resource transfer from the Office of Water's Wetlands Protection
program.
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The Wetlands Protection Enforcement program will implement the Agency's
authority under Clean Water Act (CWA) section 404 through promoting compliance
and enforcement activities in wetlands protection. Compliance and enforcement
tools will be used to support the environmental protection of wetlands by
ensuring there is no net loss of wetlands resulting from discharges of dredged
and fill materials. The program will establish strong partnerships with federal,
state and local agencies in addressing wetlands protection through compliance
assurance activities. This program will focus on improving interagency
relationships with Corps of Engineers, Department of Agriculture, Fish and
Wildlife, as well as other stakeholders, through joint enforcement workshops,
training efforts and regular meetings. In addition, the Agency's compliance
assistance activities will promote innovative, comprehensive approaches to
environmental compliance by the regulated community.
In 1996, the program will develop a systematic approach to addressing
barriers to wetlands protection through an effective enforcement program. The
Regions will work closely with headquarters in: 1) publishing a Section 404
Enforcement Compendium; 2) developing a litigation report with guidance specific
to Section 404 issues; 3) developing enforcement response guidance; 4)
establishing significant noncompliance guidance; 5) revising penalty policies;
6) developing national/regional case selection criteria; and 7) drafting a media
communication strategy. The Agency will develop a regionally based Compliance
Outreach Strategy targeted at State, Local, and Tribal planning agencies to
promote wetlands protection and restoration under Section 404.
In 1996, the program will focus on ecosystem protection through targeted
Section 404 enforcement actions in high priority watersheds. EPA will use all
of its enforcement tools, such as administrative orders, administrative penalty
orders, civil judicial and criminal prosecution against violators of wetlands
protection. Where feasible, Regions will track and report loss or gain of
wetlands acreage, biodiversity, floral and faunal composition.
Explanation of Change 27.0 FTE $1,984.5 K (PRO) $5.0 K (AC&C)
As a result of the Agencywide enforcement reorganization initiated in late
1994, resources for this program were transferred out of EPA's Office of Water
Wetlands Protection program and into this new program element in the Office of
Enforcement and Compliance Assurance. Thus, the creation and movement of
resources into the Wetlands Protection Enforcement program element is the reason
for the appearance of a change in resources.
1995 Program
As a result of the Agencywide enforcement reorganization, the 1996
President's Budget request includes a 27.0 workyears and $1,989,500 transfer from
the Wetlands Protection program element to the Wetlands Protection Enforcement
program element. 1995 resources for this activity are located with the Office
of Water's Wetlands Protection program.
1994 Accomplishments
This program did not exist in 1994.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
DRINKING WATER 5-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Drinking Water Research 5-9
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines . . 5-21
Drinking Water Implementation . 5-22
Drinking Water Criteria 5-26
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance 5-29
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants 5-30
Underground Injection Control Program Grants 5-33
Special Studies and Demonstrations 5-35
Ground Water Protection 5-36
Ground Water Protection 5-37
Working Capital Fund-Drinking Water . 5-42
Working Capital Fund - Drinking Water 5-43
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement 5-45
Drinking Water Enforcement 5-46
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APPROPRIATION
DRINKING WATER
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Water Infrastructure
Program & Research
operation - Flood
Reimbursements
TOTAL, Drinking Water
$47,612.1 $51,467.2 $50,996.7 $51,587.3 $54,488.3 $2,901.0 $3,021.1
$100,006.0 $86,440.0 $32,829.4 $32,748.7 $119,292.5 $86,543.8 $32,852.5
$8,878.9 $8,097.8 $10,827.2 $11,304.6 $10,376.5 -$928.1 $2,278.7
$70,000.0 $70,000.0 -$70,000.0
$186.5
$156,683.5 $146,005.0 $164,653.3 $165,640.6 $184,157.3 $18,516.7 $38,152.3
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
727.1
755.0
765.2
765.2
780.0
795.4
779.5
794.9
765.2
779.7
-14.3
-15.2
14.5
$150,058.6 $143,976.2 $93,859.4 $133,199.9 $172,158.9 $38,959.0 $28,182.7
Authorization for the Safe Drinking Water Act expired on September 30, 1991.
Reauthorization is pending. The Environmental Research, Development and Demonstration Act
expired September 30, 1981. Reauthorization is pending.
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DRINKING WATER
DI FFERENCE
PRES. CURRENT
BUDGET ENACTED ESTIMATE ENACTED VS EST. VS EST. VS
1995 1995 1995 PRES. BUD PRES. BUD ENACTED
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Program & Research $51,467.2 $50,996.7 $51,587.3 -$470.5 $120.1 $590.6
Operations
Abatement Control and $86,440.0 $32,829.4 $32,748.7 -$53,610.6 -$53,691.3 -$80.7
Compliance
Research & Development $8,097.8 $10,827.2 $11,304.6 $2,729.4 $3,206.8 $477.4
Water Infrastructure $70,000.0 $70,000.0 $70,000.0 $70,000.0
Program & Research
operation - Flood
Reimbursements
TOTAL, Drinking Water $146,005.0 $164,653.3 $165,640.6 $18,648.3 $19,635.6 $987.3
PERMANENT WORKYEARS 765.2 780.0 779.5 14.8 14.3 -5
TOTAL WORKYEARS 765.2 795.4 794.9 30.2 29.7 -5
The following points list the major reasons that the dollars devoted to this media have changed from submission
of the President's FY 1995 Budget to the FY 1995 Current Estimate.
PROGRAM AND RESEARCH OPERATIONS
o Funds were decreased as part of the general reduction as required by P.L. 103-327.
ABATEMENT, CONTROL AND COMPLIANCE
o Funds were increased $8,508,000 for Congressionally directed projects for Rural Water Assistance
Activities, Spokane Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer, Lake Calumet, Hawaii algae bloom study, and a small public
water systems technology assistance center.
o Funds of $58,900,000 for PWSS grants; were moved to Water Infrastructure media.
o Funds were decreased as part of the general reduction as required by P.L. 103-327; and to fund
priorities of the Administrator.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM AND RESEARCH OPERATIONS
o Congressional action has resulted in reductions in the PRO account.
o Redirections by the Administrator
o The distribution of PRO resources associated with the Agency's contract reform initiative has
impacted account balances.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
o Congressionally directed add-ons for the American Water Works Research Foundation, the Aquifer
Research and Demonstration, Des Moines, IA, the Drinking Water Demonstration Project in
Virginia, Health Effects Research, and Microbial Contamination in Drinking Water. These
increases are partially offset by the general reduction to the R&D appropriation.
o Redirection of non drinking water resources into drinking water in support of the
Office of Water's Disinfection/Disinfection By-Products efforts.
o Reduction to implement the Agency's contract reform initiative.
o Redirection of resources to Multimedia for the Fellowship Program.
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DRINKING WATER
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The 1993 Milwaukee drinking water crisis, when 370,000 people became ill
due to the city's contaminated water supply, is indicative of the vulnerability
of the Nation's drinking water supplies to pollutants. The simple act of turning
on the faucet every day for drinking, bathing, and cooking represents a profound
trust that citizens have in their public officials and water suppliers. But
recently, more and more Americans have been forced to worry about their drinking
water. Problems and outbreaks, such as occurred in Milwaukee, New York City and
Washington D.C., have shaken public confidence in drinking water quality. This
trust must be rebuilt and strengthened through comprehensive and aggressive
implementation efforts. Consequently, EPA is directing its drinking water
program efforts around compliance with priority drinking water standards and
source water protection.
States are facing increasing challenges in preventing contamination of
ground water and surface water sources of drinking water. The Agency is working
closely with states to implement comprehensive programs which emphasize the need
for a resource-based, prevention-first plan. The Source Water Protection Program
(SWPP) allows states to protect valuable drinking water supplies by addressing
pollution from all sources, looking beyond jurisdictional issues, and building
on local efforts to devise effective approaches for preventing or controlling
source contamination.
EPA recognizes the burden states and localities are facing in implementing
the Drinking Water program and we are responding by substantially increasing
state grants, providing more technical assistance and training, and tailoring
innovative approaches to program implementation. We expect that the new Drinking
Water State Revolving Fund (DW-SRF), still waiting for authorization, will
provide significant financial relief, helping systems construct needed
improvements to achieve compliance and thereby improving state program
implementation.
Successful protection of drinking water supplies requires a variety of both
preventive and traditional approaches -- source water protection, treatment, and
ongoing operation and maintenance of the water system facility and distribution
system -- if we are to meet the goal and objectives of protecting human health.
FY 1996 Program Highlights
Our 1996 program will ensure that human health is protected, while undue
regulatory burdens are relieved, through system-specific flexibility and greater
reliance on source water protection to prevent contamination. The 1996 Drinking
Water program differs from and expands the 1995 program in the following key
areas: improved science and assessment; greater support for small systems;
completion of a new data management system; strengthening partnerships; and
expansion of Source Water Protection Programs. These activities will be
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accomplished through a combination of investments in new or expanded initiatives
and reductions in more routine functions.
1. Strengthening Partnerships
Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) program grants support 55 state and
territory primacy programs and two programs where EPA directly implements the
programs. By increasing state grants, the Agency is helping states to keep pace
with the increase in state workload for the implementation of drinking water
regulations and effectively run drinking water programs. In addition, the
funding will support technical assistance and training, particularly for small
systems and compliance monitoring, including support for the new Safe Drinking
Water Information System (SDWIS). Bringing existing systems in line with the new
SDWIS represents a significant challenge. States need to adapt their data
systems to accommodate new data in a timely manner while also providing EPA with
c omp1i anc e data.
The Administration will propose legislation to include grants in this
section in the Performance Partnership Initiative. A state could elect to
consolidate these and other categorical media grants into one or more multimedia
or single media grants. The state (or where applicable, tribe) could then target
its most pressing environmental problems and use the performance partnership
grant for a number of activities including pollution control, abatement and
enforcement. This program will not compromise basic national objectives and
legislative requirements.
2. Support for Small Drinking Water Systems
The Agency continues to focus on support for small drinking water systems.
The Agency is expanding its alternative, innovative approaches for small system
compliance, technical assistance, and training. These community-based small'
systems are in need of technical assistance to understand compliance
alternatives. The Drinking Water State Revolving Fund will help small
communities finance infrastructure needed to comply with requirements of the Safe
Drinking Water Act. The Agency will also continue to work with states in
developing programs for assessing the viability of existing and future small
drinking water systems.
3. Improved Science and Assessment
In 1996, EPA continues to develop a strong scientific basis for identifying
which contaminants need control and at what levels. The Agency is improving and
expanding the occurrence data base used to select contaminants requiring
regulation on a risk basis. In addition, the program will support strong science
and assessment by continuing to analyze treatment technologies and analytical
methods for existing rules (e.g. Phase I, II and V) as well as for new rules.
The Information Collection Rule (ICR) for Disinfection Byproducts is a good
example of EPA and the water industry working together to develop better
standards. The ICR requires collection of large amounts of occurrence and
treatment data and characterization for disinfectants, disinfection byproducts,
and microorganisms (including Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and viruses). Analysis
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of these data, in addition to concurrent health effects and technology research,
will be used to develop the Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (ESWTR) and
stage two of the Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts Rule (D/DBPR).
4. Completion of a New Drinking Water Data System
As part of a larger effort to develop environmental information that is
collected through statistically reliable and consistent methods, the new Safe
Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) will be essentially completed in 1996.
The focus then shifts to installation and training of states and Regional
offices. EPA is substantially involved in assuring that states commit to
entering data into the new SDWIS. To be successful, the system must have
complete and timely data, therefore, state use of SDWIS is critical.
The Agency is also improving the Quality Assurance/Quality Control of data
used to evaluate the drinking water and ground water environmental indicators.
The Agency is paying close attention to ensure that these data accurately assess
how well the drinking water and ground water programs are meeting environmental
goals.
The Agency is enhancing the PWSS program for Indian tribes by providing
technical assistance to address basic sanitation problems relating to safe
drinking water, particularly in the Southwest and Alaska Native villages.
5.. Source Water Protection Program
In 1996, EPA will emphasize the implementation of "community-based"
programs to protect the source waters -- both surface and ground -- that supply
the drinking water for some 60,000 community public water supplies. This program
supports the Agency's ecosystem protection initiative and adopts the principles .
of the Office of Water's community-based ecosystem protection approach for
decision making, broad stakeholder involvement, and cross-program coordination.
The Source Water Protection Program (SWPP) expands upon wellhead protection not
only by focusing on both surface and ground water resources, but also by
including broader protection areas, e.g., recharge areas. The Agency is issuing
both programmatic and technical SWPP guidance and providing on-site and field
support for delineating drinking water protection areas for surface and ground
water. Based on this field experience, EPA will develop education and outreach
materials in various presentation forms -- workshops, printed materials, public
service announcements -- to be used by states and other organizations to reach
thousands of communities.
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DW-SRF)
The Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DW-SRF), which is included in the
Water Infrastructure Financing section of the budget, is a critical element in
implementing these drinking water initiatives. Through the DW-SRF, EPA is
supporting state programs that will provide low interest loans to public water
supply systems that need to install treatment to comply with the 1986 Amendments
to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The fund will provide loans, through
state DW-SRF programs, for constructing needed improvements to drinking water
systems and for restructuring small systems (including consolidation) to improve
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compliance. The fund will be self-sustaining in the long term and will directly
help to offset rising costs of new SDWA requirements.
Drinking Water Research
The Agency continues to provide scientific and technical research to
identify and regulate drinking water contaminants and assure the safety of public
water supplies in cost effective ways. The Agency's drinking water research
program includes efforts to evaluate alternative drinking water disinfectants.
Research regarding alternative disinfectant processes and microbial risks is
being conducted through a long-term research program so that regulations,
supported by strong scientific data, can be promulgated. Emphasis in the
research program is shifting toward disinfectant by-products and microbes and
away from microanalytics. Scientists are focusing on supporting the disinfection
rule, information collection, and interim standards. The Agency also continues
research in Cryptosporidium studies, virus detection, selected bacteria,
epidemiology of microbes, and comparative risk characterization.
Scientists continue to conduct ground water research to help protect
underground sources of drinking water and support the new Source Water Protection
Program. The Agency focuses ground water research relating to wellhead
protection and underground injection control on four research areas: prevention
of subsurface contamination; subsurface characterization; subsurface transport
and transformation; and subsurface microbial ecology. Wellhead protection
research concentrates on developing and evaluating improved methods for
delineation and management of wellhead protection areas. The Office of Research
and Development will utilize the best science available at EPA laboratories,
academic institutions, other Federal agencies, and the private sector to achieve
the goal and objectives of this program.
Drinking Water Enforcement
In 1996, the Drinking Water Enforcement Program will protect public health
through enforcement of the Underground Injection Control (UIC) program and Public
Water System Supervision (PWSS) program requirements, particularly the national
primary drinking water regulations (NPDWRs). By enforcing these requirements,
the Drinking Water Enforcement Program will promote environmental accountability,
protect underground sources of drinking water and protect water supplies.
Targeted outreach, compliance promotion activities, technical assistance and
aggressive responses to noncompliance will encourage others in the regulated
community to meet their obligations.
In the PWSS program, the 1996 priority will be the Surface Water Treatment
Rule (SWTR) , and Lead and Copper Rule. The UIC program will be directly
implementing the program in 15 states and on Indian lands, and will share
responsibility with six states. The Agency will take enforcement actions in
these states, as well as in primacy states, when states fail to take timely and
appropriate action.
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Working Capital Fund
Resources in the Drinking Water Programs will support the Agency's Working
Capital Fund (WCF), whereby individual programs will pay on an as-needed basis
for services that have traditionally been funded through central administrative
budgets. The WCF, expected to promote more economical and efficient support
mechanisms, will include funding for postage, data processing, and
telecommunications services.
Consulting Services Activities
The drinking water program contracts for advisory and assistance services
to help meet the requirements of authorizing legislation. Specifically, EPA uses
advisory and assistance services to: provide technical assistance to Regions,
states and local governments; assist in the collection of environmental data;
assist in the monitoring of environmental conditions; assist in developing the
scientific and technological basis for future regulatory actions; and conduct
studies and analyses that support drinking water programs. The Agency monitors
advisory and assistance services' contacts closely. Moreover, programs develop
special "management control plans" to ensure they are appropriately used.
5-7
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PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
UIC Permit Determinations
for existing and new
facilities, by primacy
states
for existing and new
facilities, by EPA
UIC Mechanical Integrity
testing
DRINKING WATER
CURRENT
ACTUAL ESTIMATE
1994 1995
ESTIMATE
1996
INCREASE+
DECREASE-
1996 VS.
1995
11,350
375
37,200
6,094
516
25,355
6,094
516
25,3355
PWS Primacy Development
Grants to Indian Tribes
Enforcement Actions - PWS
Enforcement Actions - UIC
Cumulative Outputs
0
0
Inspections
Notices of Violation . . .
Administrative Orders . .
Civil Litigation (new) .
Criminal Litigation ....
n/a
/
2,831
309
6
0
120
1,741
433
7
0
120
1,741
433
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
Inspections
Notices of Violation . . .
Administrative Orders . .
Civil Litigation (new) .
Criminal Litigation ....
82,500
n/a
69
4
3
56,100
n/a
137
10
0
56,100
n/a
137
10
0
0
0
0
0
PWS Primacy States
UIC Primacy States (full
and partial programs) . .
Designated Sole Source
Aquifers
Approved State Wellhead
Protection Programs ....
Drinking Water Health
Advisories
55
36/6
64
37
160
55
36/6
70
44
170
55
37/6
75
50
170
0
1/0
5
6
0
5-1
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Drinking Water Research
Program & Research $10,666.3 $10,736.7 $10,937.3 $10,869.9 $11,289.3 $419.4 $552.6
Operations
Research & Development $8,878.9 $8,097.8 $10,827.2 $11,304.6 $10,376.5 -$928.1 $2,278.7
TOTAL $19,545.2 $18,834.5 $21,754.5 $22,174.5 $21,665.8 -$508.7 $2,831.3
TOTAL:
Program & Research $10,666.3 $10,736.7 $10,927.3 $10,869.9 $11,289.3 $419.4 $552.6
Operations
Research & Development $8,878.9 $8,097.8 $10,827.2 $11,304.6 $10,376.5 -$928.1 $2,278.7
Drinking Water TOTAL $19,545.2 $18,834.5 $21,754.5 $22,174.5 $21,665.8 -$508.7 $2,831.3
Research
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Drinking Water Research 160.9 150.7 160.0 157.6 157.5 -1 6.8
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 160.9 150.7 160.0 157.6 157.5 -1 6.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Drinking Water Research 163.3 150.7 160.0 157.6 157.5 -1 6.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS 163.3 150.7 160.0 157.6 157.5 -1 6.8
5-9
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DRINKING WATER
DRINKING WATER RESEARCH
PRINCIPAL OUTPUTS
1996: o Report and publication of manuscript on human infectious dose and immune
response of Cryptosporidiosis in drinking water -- case control study.
o Report on comparative risk impacts of exposure to chemicals and
microbial contaminants in drinking water.
o Report on the carcinogenicity of chloracetic acids.
o Report on the development of a prototype fixed bed titanium dioxide
photoreactor to evaluate biocidal efficacy for disinfection of drinking
water.
o Report and Journal Article on the Biodegradation of Atrazine and
Alachlor in Surface, Vadose and Saturated Zones throughout the Corn
Belt.
o Report and/or Journal Article on Regional Ground Water Modeling
Using the Analytical Element Method.
o Report and Journal Article on the Multiscale Assessment of Soil Quality.
o Report on approaches for assessing the future value of groundwater.
o Report on evaluating aquifer assimilative capacity for Wellhead
Protection.
o Report on methods to quantify and describe groundwater flow in
carbonate aquifers.
1995: o Report on gastrointestinal health effects associated with the
consumption of drinking water-- microbial contamination.
o Report on comparing chlorine and chlorine dioxide as disinfectants for
surface water.
o Report on sulfate dose-response in humans and piglets
o Report on risk assessment and characterization of both chlorinated and
chlorimated water for cancer and noncancer endpoints.
o Report on the Assessment of the Effects of Selected Agrichemicals and
Agricultural Management Practices on the Walnut Creek Watershed.
o Report on the contributions from groundwater to the Chesapeake Bay Water
Quality.
5-10
-------
o Report and Journal Article on the Impact of Agriculture on Subsurface
Ecology.
o Report on the effectiveness of plugging injection wells and drilling
mud.
o Report on the use of geographic information systems in Wellhead
Protection programs.
o Report on the development of a Risk-Management strategy for Wellhead
Protection.
o Report on methods to quantify and describe groundwater flow in
carbonate aquifers.
1994: o Completed workshop and report on conducting Epidemiologic research
and risk analysis of cancer and exposure to chlorinated water.
o Completed report and publication of results of groundwater survey for
enteric viruses.
o Completed report on the waterborne diseases in the United States 1991
and 1992. Study done in collaboration with CDC.
o Completed report on bench-scale studies examining control of
Disinfectant By-Products (DBF) precursors by enhanced Co-agulation and
by Conventional treatment.
o Completed Wellhead Protection Model and Users Guide for Modeling Capture
Zones of ground water wells using analytical elements (CZAEM).
o Completed report on the Use of Temperature, Radioactive Tracer, and
Noise Logging for Injection Well Integrity.
o Completed report of major contaminants impacting public drinking water
wells.
o Completed the exposure assessment of pesticide migration in the
subsurface environment of Walnut Creek Watershed.
o Completed the development of a graphical user interface for Finite
Element Model-WATER (FEMWATER).
o Completed the framework for the development of a watershed scale
multimedia, multistressor, ecorisk based assessment tool.
o Completed the feasibility of using hypsometric relationships for
scaling.
5-11
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DRINKING WATER
DRINKING WATER RESEARCH
Budget Request
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,665,800 supported by 157.5 total
workyears for 1996, a decrease of $508,700 and 0.1 workyears from 1995. Of
the request, $11,289,300 will be for Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and $10,376,500 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $419,400 in the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and a decrease of $928,100 in the Research
and Development appropriation.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $22,174,500 supported by 157.6
workyears for 1995 for this program element, of which $10,869,900 is from the
Program and Research Operations appropriation and $11,304,600 is from the
Research and Development appropriation.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $19,545,200 supported by 163.3 total
workyears for this program element, of which $10,666,300 was from Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $8,878,900 was from the Research and
Development appropriation.
Research Issues
The Drinking Water Research program provides the scientific and
technical basis for improving drinking water quality and supporting the Agency
rule making activities under the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments. It
provides data, technologies, scientific information necessary for criteria and
standards issued by the Office of Water, and technical assistance to other EPA
regulatory programs, states, municipalities, and private suppliers of drinking
water to assist in prevention or removal of contaminants from drinking water
supplies. It also provides information on the health effects and associated
health risks of specific contaminants in drinking water, including the effects
of disinfectants and related by-products (D/DBPs) used in water treatment and
distribution systems. The program conducts research on drinking water
pollutants and disinfection, nonpoint sources of pollution, and groundwater.
Several significant changes are reflected in this submission, including
increases for critical research and scientific support for disinfection and
disinfection by-product research.
5-12
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The sections below describe program issues by each fiscal year.
Integrated Ecosystem Protection And Restoration
1996 Program Request
1996 resources for this issue have been consolidated in the Multimedia
program element of the Integrated Ecosystem Protection and Restoration Issue.
Explanation of Change -1.9 FTE -$453.5K (R&D)
Resources are being consolidated in the Multimedia program element.
Activities will include watershed studies, specifically to understand and
quantify the transport of agricultural chemicals to wetlands and surface
waters, development of soil quality criteria, and assessments of the impact of
agricultural chemicals on surface and groundwater. These resources are being
redirected to Multimedia since the work to be done in 1996 is focused on an
integrated view of ecosystems rather than as individual specific media.
1995 Program
The Office of Research and Development consolidated its ecological
research activities into an integrated program. Activities consolidated were
previously included in the Nonpoint Source Pollution Issue. This change
reflects the transition to a more integrated view of ecosystem protection
rather than as individual specific media.
The goal of the Integrated Ecosystem Protection and Restoration Research
Program is to develop the scientific understanding and techniques required for
effective integrated ecological risk assessment and ecosystem protection at
multiple scales. The Program has been designed to meet this goal by
monitoring conditions of ecological resources, investigating ecosystem
response to human induced stress, developing models to predict the response of
ecosystems to alternative management strategies, and assessing of multiple
management options at three scales; the watershed, geographically and
ecologically defined regions, and nationally. These three scales require
different approaches, involve different methods and must be tailored to the
information needs and responsibilities of federal, state, and local ecological
resource managers and regulatory officials.
The focus of the 1995 research is on watershed studies, specifically to
understand and quantify the transport of agricultural chemical to wetlands and
surface waters, development of soil quality criteria, and the assessment of
the impact of agricultural chemicals on surface and groundwater. Research
continues to include the effects of drinking water from nonpoint sources.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, EPA completed the development of a graphical user interface for
the Finite Element Model-Water (FEMWATER) which provides the graphical means
for manipulating finite element grids for use in exposure assessments, and
makes use of technology developed by EPA and DOD (Army Corps of Engineers).
5-13
-------
EPA completed the feasibility study on use of hypsometric relationships for
scaling, which provides an approach for integrating existing stream discharge
phenomena and model output from smaller scales to large regional scales. This
accomplishment is useful for EPA's holistic surface water assessment quality
needs. EPA also completed the exposure assessment of pesticide migration in
subsurface environment of Walnut Creek Watershed, which provides a preliminary
groundwater quality assessment (rural water supply) of current land use and
proposed best management practices. This provides the capability of using
fully three-dimensional modeling for use in groundwater quality assessments.
Drinking Water Pollutants And Disinfection
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,384,800 and 119.6 workyears for 1996,
a decrease of $78,300 and an increase of 1.4 workyears. The request of
$8,384,800 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. The
Program and Research Operations appropriation funding related to workyears can
be found under the Infrastructure Issue.
Recent epidemiologic data suggest that about one third of the endemic
gastrointestinal illness in our country could be due to residual organisms in
drinking water which meets current regulatory standards. Outbreaks of
waterborne diseases and alerts in Milwaukee, New York and Washington, D.C.
indicate the potential human health hazard that may result from improper
treatment and control of pathogenic organisms in drinking water. Currently,
the most effective mechanism for controlling these organisms is through the
use of disinfectants in a properly maintained and properly functioning
treatment system. The 1986 Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments (SWDAA) require
that the public water supply be disinfected prior to distribution. In
addition, the SWDAA mandates that the Agency set standards and establish
processes for the treatment and distribution of disinfected drinking water
that pose no significant risk to human health. However, scientific evidence
collected over the past two decades suggests that exposure to chemical by-
products formed during the disinfection process, especially chlorination, may
be associated with adverse health outcomes such as cancer and reproductive
effects. Reducing the amount of disinfectant or altering the treatment
process may decrease by-product formation. However, these practices may
increase the potential for microbial contamination through inadequate or less
effective disinfection or may produce alternate by-products with the potential
for adverse health effects.
To address this problem, in 1996, scientists will conduct studies to
gain a better understanding of the exposures to and the comparative risks of
alternative disinfection methods and their by-products, and microbes including
Cryptosporidium and viruses. Scientists will conduct feasibility studies on
human exposure to chlorinated waters and the association to carcinogenic and
reproductive effects. Based on these preliminary reports, researchers will
design/develop epidemiologic studies to confirm potential association of
adverse health effects and human exposure to chlorinated water.
5-14
-------
Researchers working on microbiological effects will conduct studies to
enhance/improve methods for detecting and identifying pathogenic agents of
concern. In addition, studies will be conducted on the health effects
associated with these pathogenic agents. Studies will be conducted to further
define infectious doses associated with Cryptosporidium exposure. A
preliminary report evaluating human exposure and dose-response to the Norwalk
virus will be prepared.
Preliminary reports on field studies of ozone as an alternate
disinfection method will be provided. Methods for the detection of low level
alternate disinfectant by-products especially bromate and chlorine dioxide
will be developed.
Researchers will refine and expand comparative risk methodologies and
the assessment framework for microbes and D/DBPs. Methodologies will be
developed for microbial risk assessment, comparative exposure assessment and
comparative risk assessment.
Research conducted in this program will improve drinking water quality.
It will allow risk managers to develop final guidance and standards based upon
cost effective technologies for controlling, measuring and reducing risks
associated with disinfection while reducing the potential for waterborne
infection. Research will provide the Agency with the regulatory framework for
the cost-effective trade-off analysis of risks from microbes versus chemicals
in drinking water.
Explanation of Change +1.4 FTE -$78.3K (R&D)
Although the Agency is requesting a total decrease of $78,300 in 1996,
we are actually increasing the critical research and scientific support for
disinfection and disinfection by-product research. Included in this effort
will be research to address microbial contamination. An increase of
$3,100,000 will be invested as follows: $1,500,000 for the design and
initiation of epidemiologic studies both reproductive and carcinogenic;
$500,000 for the development of analytical methods and treatment technologies
for alternate disinfectants by-products especially bromated species and
chlorine dioxide; as well as for identification of alternate disinfection by-
products (i.e., detection of new products); $500,000 for the refinement of the
comparative risk framework and model, including research in microbial and
chemical comparative risk analyses and comparative exposure modeling; and
finally $600,000 for health effects research on primary pollutants of concern
identified from exposure data collected under ICR, as well as reproductive and
developmental studies for alternate disinfectant by-products, especially
brominated compounds. This increase will support Agency efforts to make
decisions on whether more stringent criteria and standards for regulations are
needed. This increase is offset by reductions related to Congressionally-
directed research projects in 1995.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Drinking Water Pollutants and Disinfection Research Program
is providing scientific and technical support for identifying and regulating
5-15
-------
drinking water contaminants to assure the safety of public water supplies in
cost effective ways. The Science Advisory Board (SAB) has identified drinking
water contaminants as an area having the greatest potential risk to human
health. Advances in science technology and risk assessment have indicated
that adverse human health risks may be associated with disinfectants and their
by-products, especially with the use of chlorine based compounds (the most
widely used disinfectant type) and the microbial agents that disinfectants
inactivate. As a result, EPA has established a standards setting agenda for
disinfectants, disinfectant by-products (D/DBPs), and microbes. Research is
being directed to D/DBP and microbial research issues and rion D/DBP research
such as health effects research on arsenic and sulfates.
EPA is initiating a long-term research program which emphasizes human
exposure and health effects associated with D/DBPs and microbes. Feasibility
studies are being conducted for human exposure and potential carcinogenic
reproductive/developmental effects associated with chlorinated waters.
Studies are for the development of methods for detection and identification of
Crvptosporidium. Norwalk virus and selected bacteria. Pilot and field studies
are being conducted on the removal of precursors from raw water and DBF from
treated water by granulated activated carbon filtration, or membranes. Pilot
and field studies for small systems as well as studies for the
treatment/control of pathogens in the distribution system are also being
initiated.
Research is focusing on developing methods and standards for supporting
information collection and Stage I of the Disinfection Rule. Scientists are
conducting research/training for monitoring, and analyzing data for the ICR
(chemical and microbial). Risk assessment and comparative risk studies are
being conducted to support interim standards and to identify research needs
for Stage II rulemaking.
Congressional Directives. A total of $3,550,000 is for the
Congressional directed projects of the American Water Works Research
Foundation, the Aquifer Research and Demonstration in Des Moines, Iowa, the
Drinking Water Demonstration Project in Virginia, Health Effects Research,
and Microbial Contamination in Drinking Water, of which $49,000 is for the
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program in the Multimedia Program
Element in the Innovative Technologies Research Issue.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, EPA's research accomplishments in the Drinking Water Pollutants
and Disinfectant Issue were developed specifically to provide a sound
scientific basis for the Stage I DBP rule regarding RRDL for chlorine and
chloramine and to identify data gaps and research needs in designing human
epidemiologic studies. These include: 1) the development of risk assessments
and characterization models for chlorine and chloramine; 2) a workshop and
report on conducting epidemiologic research and risk analysis of cancer and
exposure to chlorinated water; 3) a report and publication of results of
groundwater survey for enteric viruses; 4) a report on waterborne diseases in
the United States 1991 and 1992; 5) a report on bench-scale studies examining
the control of DBP precursors by enhanced coagulation and by conventional
5-16
-------
treatment; and 6) the development of performance criteria and evaluation
manuals for Crvptosporidium and Giardia. These research products addressed
data gaps and answered questions relating to microbial exposure and potential
risk associated with the use of groundwater as a drinking water source, as
well as water quality of other drinking water supplies. Studies provided
guidance on developing standards to monitor for and evaluate collection data
for Crvptosporidium and Giardia and test the effectiveness of treatment
methods for removing precursors from surface water that may lead to DBF
formation after treatment.
Groundwater
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,991,700 supported by 16.6 total
workyears for the Research and Development appropriation. This represents a
decrease of $68,000 from the 1995 Research and Development appropriation and
an increase of 0.2 workyears in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation. The Program and Research Operations appropriation funding
related to workyears can be found under the Multimedia Research Infrastructure
Issue.
Groundwater provides a safe source of drinking water, requiring minimal
or no treatment, for approximately 50 percent of the United States population.
There are tens of millions of private wells and approximately 48,000 public
water systems that are dependent on groundwater. Groundwater also provides
the base flow for rivers, lakes, and wetlands that are essential for ecosystem
protection. Given the high cost of ground-water remediation, prevention of
subsurface contamination is, by far, the most cost-efficient way to ensure the
continued availability of this resource. A major concern of the technical and-
regulatory communities is to provide effective protection for the subsurface
environment, while simultaneously allowing productive economic activity in the
vicinity of underground sources of drinking water. Groundwater protection is
largely a state and local responsibility with the Federal role being largely
one of oversight and general policy direction. EPA's objective is to develop
tools that will be useful to states and local communities and to transfer the
results of its research on wellhead and aquifer protection to the tens of
thousands of public water suppliers.
In 1996, scientists will initiate work on developing microbial
indicators of the status of the health of subsurface ecosystems which may also
serve to provide early warning of subsurface contamination. Agency scientists
will focus on producing improved methods for defining wellhead protection
areas for use by states and municipalities. These methods will include a more
realistic understanding of subsurface contaminant transport than is currently
used and take into consideration the ability of the subsurface to assimilate
small quantities of contaminants such as septic tank effluent and agricultural
chemicals. ORD will attempt to expand its technical support to the EPA
Regional and program offices, as well as the state and local organizations.
5-17
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Explanation of Change +0.2 FTE -$68.OK (R&D)
No major changes in funding; however, increased emphasis will be placed
on understanding the ecology of the subsurface to develop a much more holistic
picture of the subsurface as an ecosystem.
1995 Program Request
In 1995, work will be completed on a study of the effectiveness of
plugging injection wells with drilling mud. This is a commonly used practice
to protect underground sources of drinking water, but the long-term
effectiveness of this practice has not been previously evaluated. Work will
also be completed on an initial study of the use of geographic information
systems (CIS) to define wellhead protection zones. Work is continuing on
developing a better understanding of complex hydrogeologic systems, such as
fractured rock aquifers, and incorporating that understanding into defining
wellhead protection zones. Research to develop a more fundamental
quantitative understanding of the role of organic carbon on mineral surfaces
of aquifer materials and its role in determining the movement of subsurface
contaminants will continue. ORD will continue to provide technical support to
the EPA Regional and program offices, as well as the state and local
organizations.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, a model for defining wellhead protection zones that is based on
the analytic element modeling technique and an accompanying users guide were
completed. The model includes a procedure for graphical input of data and is
part of a second generation of models to support the wellhead protection
program. The model is being widely distributed and supported by ORD's Center
for Subsurface Modeling Support. A report on the use of temperature,
radioactive tracer, and noise logging for injection well integrity was
completed and distributed. A model technical assistance project to the city
of Hays, Kansas was completed with significant benefits to city and Region 7.
Infrastructure
1996 Program Request
Adequately funded infrastructure is critical to ORD's success in
conducting the quality science needed to assure that the Agency's decisions
are scientifically sound. The most critical part of ORD's infrastructure is
its staff. The assumption underlying all our research activities includes a
productive workforce.
The Agency requests a total of $11,289,300 and 21.3 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $419,400 and .2 workyears from 1995. The request of
$11,289,300 will be for the Program and Research Operations appropriation.
Workyears in this issue perform the following activities; science policy
and program development; technical evaluation, review, and guidance to EPA
program/regional offices, Federal/State Agencies, and foreign governments;
5-18
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research quality assurance and program review; extramural resource management;
technology transfer of scientific information; ADP technical program
development of environmental data systems; regulatory mission support;
facilities maintenance and oversight; health and safety, and environmental
compliance; research planning and program development; operational research
oversight; policy and procedure development; program planning and operations;
resource planning and review; document production; and secretarial/clerical
support and personnel staffs.
Explanation of Change +0.2 FTE +$414.4K (PRO)
Increased levels of workyear resources reflect cost-of-living
adjustments(COLAs) and Locality Pay adjustments necessary to fund EPA's
workforce.
1995 Program
ORD's current infrastructure program provides compensation and benefits,
and travel for ORD scientists and engineers, management and technical support
personnel. ORD's workforce carries out scientific research programs in
support of the Agency's mission.
1994 Accomplishments
ORD funded its workyears in scientific support of the Agency's mission,
providing the personnel compensation and benefits, and travel for ORD
scientists and engineers, management and technical personnel.
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards & Guidelines
PROGRAM
Drinking Water
Implementation
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Program & Research
operation - Flood
TOTAL
Drinking Water Criteria
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Program & Research
operation - Flood
Drinking Water TOTAL
Criteria, Standards &
Guidelines
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Drinking Water
Implementation
Drinking Water Criteria
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Drinking Water
Implementation
Drinking Water Criteria
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$16,287.9
$10,595.1
$186.5
$27,069.5
$1,109.1
$1,198.0
$2,307.1
$17,397.0
$11,793.1
$186.5
$29,376.6
239.0
15.4
254.4
251.2
15.4
266.6
$18,396.0
$12,567.5
$30,963.5
$1,199.4
$1,255.5
$2,454.9
$19,595.4
$13,823.0
$33,418.4
269.0
15.2
284.2
269.0
15.2
284.2
$17,915.5
$11,014.5
$28,930.0
$1,174.2
$948.8
$2,123.0
$19,089.7
$11,963.3
$31,053.0
272.0
17.7
289.7
276.2
17.7
293.9
$18,636.5
$11,014.5
$29,651.0
$1,173.9
$948.8
$2,122.7
$19,810.4
$11,963.3
$31,773.7
279.4
17.5
296.9
283.6
17.5
301.1
$19,471.3
$12,601.9
$32,073.2
$1,218.5
$925.2
$2,143.7
$20,689.8
$13,527.1
$34,216.9
269.4
16.0
285.4
273.3
16.0
289.3
$834.8
$1,587.4
$2,422.2
$44.6
-$23.6
$21.0
$879.4
$1,563.8
$2,443.2
-10.0
-1.5
-11.5
-10.3
-1.5
-11.8
$1,075.3
$34.4
$1,109.7
$19.1
-$330.3
-$311.2
$1,094.4
-$295.9
$798.5
4
8
1.2
4.3
8
5.1
5-21
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DRINKING WATER
CRITERIA, STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $34,216,900 and 289.3 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $2,443,200 and a decrease of 11.8 total workyears from 1995.
Of this request, $20,689,800 will be for Program and Research Operations, and
$13,527,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $879,400 in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and an increase of $1,563,800 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Drinking Water Implementation
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $32,073,200 and 273.3 total workyears for
this program, of which $19,471,300 will be for the Program and Research
Operations (PRO) appropriation and $12,601,900 will be for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance (AC&C) appropriation. This represents an increase of $834,800 for
Program and Research Operations, an increase of $1,587,400 for Abatement, Control
and Compliance and a decrease of 10.3 total workyears. The decreased workyears
reflect a reduction of 12 workyears that were included in 1995 budget reserves
in anticipation of additional workload required to implement new provisions of
a reauthorized Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) as well as numerous shifts -- small
increases and decreases -- within the program. The increase in the Program and
Research Operations appropriation reflects increased personnel costs. The net
increase in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation reflects an
increase for small systems; an increase in support for states' implementation of •
drinking water program activities, that were Congressionally-mandated in the 1995
budget; a reduction of headquarters AC&C support to the Regions; and, a shift of
resources into this program to support the Working Capital Fund.
In 1996, EPA will continue to develop a strong scientific basis for
identifying which contaminants need control and at what levels. The Agency will
improve and expand the occurrence data base used to select contaminants requiring
regulation. This will enhance our ability to analyze monitoring data from a
variety of sources (other Federal agencies, states) to determine which
contaminants may occur in drinking water and pose a sufficient threat so as to
be regulated by the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The program will support
strong science and assessment by continuing to analyze treatment technologies and
analytical methods for existing rules (e.g. Phase I, II and V) as well as for new
rules.
The Information Collection Rule (ICR) will require collection of large
amounts of occurrence and treatment data and characterization for disinfectants,
disinfection byproducts , and microorganisms (including Giardia, Cryptosporidium,
and viruses). Analysis of these data, in addition to concurrent health effects
and technology research, will be used to develop the Enhanced Surface Water
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Treatment Rule (ESWTR) and stage 2 of the Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts
Rule (D/DBPR). These rules are scheduled to be promulgated in December, 1996.
The Agency will promulgate the regulation on Sulfate in 1996. EPA will
also continue working toward promulgation of Phase VIB, the Ground Water
Disinfection Rule, and Arsenic. Regulation specific implementation guidance will
continue to be developed, training and workshops will be held on the chemical
regulations, and support will be provided for emergency response (e.g.
Milwaukee). EPA will also continue to review and approve state primacy revision
applications. Moreover, the Agency is working with the states to refine and
strengthen the implementation and, in some cases, the development of state
monitoring waiver programs under Phase II/Phase V. In order to build
implementation capacity, EPA will continue working to assess infrastructure
policies and will complete the drinking water needs survey and submit a report
to Congress by February, 1996.
The Agency will continue to focus on support for small drinking water
systems. EPA will work with states in developing programs for assessing the
viability of existing and future small drinking water systems. EPA will also
provide support to expand the operator certification program to all states and
to ensure that small systems have qualified operators.
The Agency will continue strengthening partnerships with the primacy
states and other stakeholders in order to ensure safe sources of drinking water
for all Americans. The Agency will expand its initiative focused on building or
improving the infrastructure of small disadvantaged communities. These
communities are in need of technical assistance to understand the alternatives
and to invest in drinking water infrastructure. This initiative will focus on
low-cost, previously tested approaches and partnerships with other stakeholders
to deliver assistance. The Agency will enhance the PWSS Program for Indian.
tribes by providing technical assistance and addressing basic sanitation problems
relating to safe drinking water, particularly in the Southwest and Alaska Native
villages. This program is also involved in a wide range of laboratory
implementation activities, including lab certification implementation,
development and review of certification requirements in drinking water
regulations, and assessments of laboratories' capabilities.
A major effort in 1996 will be to expand the regulation negotiation
process by working with the states and other stakeholders. This resource
intensive activity will not only lead to developing new regulations, it may also
lead to extensive occurrence studies/analyses and analysis of treatment
technologies and analytical methods for existing rules.
As part of a larger effort to develop reliable environmental information,
the new Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) will be essentially
completed in 1996 with the development of the last two modules. The focus will
shift to installation and training of states and Regional offices. EPA will be
heavily involved in assuring that states commit to entering data into the new
SDWIS. To be successful, the system must have complete and timely data,
therefore, state acceptance and use are critical.
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The Agency will improve the Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) of
data used to evaluate the drinking water and ground water environmental
indicators. There are many existing sources of information by which the drinking
water and ground water programs can determine how well they are achieving
environmental results. The Agency will focus significant attention on this
effort to ensure that the accurately collected data assess how well the drinking
water and ground water programs are meeting both program and Agency goals.
Base resources pay for Program postage costs that provide all routine,
day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and include regular First, Third and Fourth Class
mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority mail, registered and certified
mail and pouch mail.
Base dollars provide on-going data processing and telecommunication
services for this Program. These services are classified into five costs
centers; Enterprise Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop Services,
Technical Consulting Services and Scientific Computing Services. Investment
resources will provide the Program's share of Depreciation of Capital Assets,
Increased Service Costs, Additional Mainframe Capacity, Investments in Network
Services and Investments in Technical Consulting Services.
Explanation of Change -10.3 FTE +$834.8K (PRO) +$1,587.4K (AC&C)
The 1996 request is a net decrease of 10.3 FTE and a total increase of
$2,422,200. These changes are the result of several increases and several
decreases: +1.0 workyear for Occurrence studies; +3.0 workyears for environmental
indicators; +3.0 workyears for small disadvantaged communities; +2.0 workyears
for Indian programs; +3.0 workyears for assistance in expanding the Safe Drinking
Water Information System (SDWIS); -5.0 workyears for centralizing lab
certification because the Agency identified some duplication of effort and
established procedures to address this issue; -6.6 workyears for PWSS oversight
related to grants management but not technical assistance and support to states;
and, -12.0 workyears that were included in reserves in the 1995 budget in
anticipation of additional workload required to implement new provisions of a
reauthorized SDWA. There is an increase of $1,620,500 to support states'
implementation of drinking water program activities; an increase of $1,000,000
for small systems; a decrease of $1,551,200 for HQ AC&C support to Regions; and
a decrease of $375,000 for a Congressional add-on to the 1995 budget that is not
requested in 1996. The remaining increase reflects a shift of resources from the
Office of Administration and Resources Management to support a portion of the
Working Capital Fund expenses for this program.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $29,651,000 and 283.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $18,636,500 is from the Program and
Operations Research appropriation and $11,014,500 is from the Abatement Control
and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency is emphasizing development of an occurrence data base and the
analytical models used to determine which contaminants pose significant health
threats in geographically targeted areas. EPA is also re-evaluating the economic
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impact assessment models and input assumptions, particularly financial and
operating data, in order to improve the economic cost/benefit analysis portion
of future regulations.
The data analysis and quality assurance work associated with the
Information Collection Rule on Disinfection Byproducts (Phase VIA) escalates in
1995, once the ICR has been promulgated, as monitoring data is collected. Four
new regulations are being proposed: Sulfate, Phase VIB, the Ground Water
Disinfection Rule, and Arsenic. In addition, the regulation on Radionuclides is
being promulgated.
The laboratory implementation and certification programs are expanding
to include additional training, workshops and guidance to Regions and state
laboratories to assure that laboratories provide QA/QC data as part of the
Agency's compliance monitoring program.
In 1995, support for drinking water implementation continues to grow as
states deal with complex requirements. EPA is heavily involved in reviewing
state ground water under the influence of surface water decisions and reviewing
monitoring results under the Lead and Copper rule. The Agency is also working
with states to approve corrosion control plans for small and medium size systems
and to develop monitoring waiver programs under Phase II/V. The two year
extensions for both Lead and Copper and Phase II expire in 1995, thus initiating
possible primacy retention problems if states fail to implement both rules.
The drinking water program continues to pursue innovative and creative
new approaches to reach a greater audience, including targeting the special needs
of small systems. EPA is working with states and small systems to provide
additional flexibility wherever possible, including monitoring waivers, special
best available technology and prevention approaches to streamline and tailor
implementation. EPA is working with states to assess and discourage new non-
viable systems.
Development of the new SDWIS reaches a pivotal point in 1995. EPA is
devoting additional funding and staff work to modernization efforts in
anticipation of essentially completing the new system in 1996. At that time EPA
will have the capability to: assess compliance with the Safe Drinking Water Act
(EPA must take action where states do not or cannot), evaluate environmental
data, analyze trends, and support analysis of infrastructure needs.
Congressional Directives: A total of $375,000 is a Congressionally
directed add-on for the establishment of a small public water systems technology
assistance center to be housed within the Water Center at Montana State
University.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency allocated a total of $27,069,500 and 251.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $16,474,400 was from the Program and
Operations Research appropriation and $10,595,100 was from the Abatement Control
and Compliance appropriation.
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EPA continued efforts to develop and implement drinking water
regulations. EPA proposed an Information Collection Rule associated with
disinfectant and disinfection by-products (Phase VIA); Phase VIA; Phase VIB;
ground water disinfection; and sulfate rules. EPA was heavily involved in
analyzing contaminant data and assessing analytical methods to guide regulatory
development decisions. In addition, EPA improved its scientific data base from
which to determine occurrence of contaminants and set exposure levels.
EPA reviewed state primacy applications for Phase II, Lead and Copper,
and Phase V rules. Technical assistance needs for lead and copper continued to
grow as the monitoring requirements and corrosion control studies were developed.
Under the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), identification of ground water
systems under the influence of surface water was required in 1994. For both of
these rules, EPA conducted detailed training sessions. Because of the number of
contaminants regulated in 1994 as well as the complexity of some regulations, EPA
consulted with the states to ensure appropriate implementation of the Public
Water System Supervision (PWSS) Program Priority Guidance that identifies "must
do" activities and provides states some flexibility in addressing national
program requirements.
EPA also expanded the current Federal data system to incorporate new
requirements and continued development of a new Federal system which can provide
the data necessary to properly manage the drinking water program, including
information on compliance, enforcement and the DW-SRF. The development of the
DW-SRF was underway in 1994 and EPA spent considerable time and effort
establishing guidelines to efficiently implement the program.
Drinking Water Criteria
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,143,700 supported by 16.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,218,500 will be for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $925,200 will be for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of 1.5 workyears, an
increase of $44,600 in Program and Research Operations appropriation, and a
decrease of $23,600 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The
entire request is for Headquarters activities. The decreases in workyears and
Abatement, Control and Compliance funds reflect elimination of work with the
World Health Organization and reduction for the National Primary Drinking Water
Regulations (NPDWRs).
The Drinking Water Criteria program supports the goal of protecting and
enhancing public health by setting health goals and acceptable standards for
contaminants that present human health risks in drinking water. The program will
provide thorough, careful risk assessments and characterizations of drinking
water contaminants, which are essential due to the exorbitant costs of the
contaminants' regulation. Studies reveal that risks of cancer from radionuclides
are far greater than those caused by other chemicals regulated by the drinking
water program. The Agency will continue risk assessments to support • the
radionuclides rule. The program will continue to study data from the Information
Collection Rule (ICR) to assess chemical and microbial contamination in
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preparation for the disinfection by-products rule, the enhanced surface water
treatment rule, and the ground water disinfection rule. Further, the program
will continue to develop microbiological criteria to minimize risks from
pathogenic organisms, including improved methodologies to better assess the risks
and analytical methods which indicate the presence of pathogens.
Working Capital Fund base resources pay for Program postage costs that
provide all routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and include regular First,
Third and Fourth Class mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority mail,
registered and certified mail and pouch mail. Working Capital Fund base dollars
also provide on-going data processing and telecommunication services for this
Program. These services are classified into five costs centers; Enterprise
Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical Consulting
Services and Scientific Computing Services. Investment resources will provide
the Program's share of Depreciation of Capital Assets, Increased Service Costs,
Additional Mainframe Capacity, Investments in Network Services and Investments
in Technical Consulting Services.
Explanation of Change -1.5 FTE +$44.6K (PRO) -$23.6K (AC&C)
The decrease of 1.5 workyears reflects the Agency's decision to eliminate
this program's minimal efforts with the World Health Organization and to reduce
efforts for risk assessment support in the development of National Primary
Drinking Water regulations (NPDWRs) in order to focus on higher priority
contaminants. The increase of $44,600 in Program, Research and Operations
reflects increased workforce costs. The decrease of $23,600 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation reflects the net change after a reduction
of $188,900 for risk assessment support in the development of National Primary
Drinking Water regulations (NPDWRs) in order to focus on higher priority
contaminants, an increase of $88,400 to support the development of risk
assessments and characterizations of radionuclides associated with cancer in
humans, and an increase of $76,900 to support a portion of the Working Capital
Fund expenses for this program.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $2,122,700 supported by 17.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,173,900 is from the Program and Research
Operation appropriation and $948,800 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency is developing criteria for the protection of human health and
ecological effects of dioxin. The program is also continuing research on the
bioaccumulation of mercury in selected birds and mammals. In addition, the
Agency is developing microbiology program initiatives which include establishing
an EPA microbiology policy, improving risk assessment approaches and guidelines,
and establishing a long range microbiology program with prioritization.
The Agency continues to pursue major pathogen initiatives and establish
improved scientific databases related to (1) the identification, occurrence, and
fate of all pathogens; (2) human dose response and/or animal model data; and (3)
development of improved procedures to sample, process, identify, and quantify
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pathogens or their indicators. These procedures reveal the methods to speciate
pathogen versus non-pathogen strains, the ability to determine human virulence
potentials, and the capability to discriminate human versus animal sources. The
Agency is placing major emphasis on the determination of efficiency of treatment,
including physical removal and disinfection, of pathogens in operating water and
wastewater/sludge systems. Risk-based criteria standards for drinking water are
also being developed. Finally, the Agency continues to study the role of
microbial contaminants in ecosystems.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $2,307,100 supported by 15.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,109,100 was from the Program and Research Operation
appropriation and $1,198,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1994, the program published a Federal Register notice that EPA would not
revise the Maximum Contaminant Level Goal for fluoride at this time, supporting
the Surgeon General's decision regarding dental fluorosis and an analysis of
means for reducing dental fluorosis in the United States. The Agency proposed
a rule for Drinking Water by-products and studied data from the ICR to assess
chemical and microbial contamination in preparation for that rule as well as the
enhanced surface water treatment rule, and the ground water disinfection rule.
The program completed the uncertainty analysis for radon and provided supporting
health effects documents, preamble, and docket materials for the proposed rule
on radionuclides, which included use of precedent-setting analysis of the
supporting data. The program developed a draft risk characterization for
aldicarb which included a quantitative population risk analysis, variability, and
uncertainty. It also initiated development of risk characterizations for
chloroform, arsenic, and triazine. The Drinking Water Criteria program provided
technical expertise to the Water Quality Academy seminar series and participated'
with OPPE and ORD in establishing and defining the functions of the Science
Policy Steering Committee.
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Public Water Systems
Supervision Program
Grants
Abatement Control and $67,400.7 $58,900.0 $90,000.0 $90,000.0 $31,100.0
Compliance
Water Infrastructure $70,000.0 $70,000.0 -$70,000.0
TOTAL $67,400.7 $58,900.0 $70,000.0 $70,000.0 $90,000.0 $20,000.0 $31,100.0
Underground Injection
Control Program Grants
Abatement Control and $10,745.4 $10,500.0 $10,004.0 $9,923.3 $10,500.0 $576.7
Compliance
TOTAL $10,745.4 $10,500.0 $10,004.0 $9,923.3 $10,500.0 $576.7
Special Studies &
Demonstrations
Abatement Control and $6,708.0 $6,708.0 $6,708.0 -$6,708.0
Compliance
TOTAL $6,708.0 $6,708.0 $6,708.0 -$6,708.0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and $84,854.1 $69,400.0 $16,712.0 $16,631.3 $100,500.0 $83,868.7 $31,100.0
Compliance
Water Infrastructure $70,000.0 $70,000.0 -$70,000.0
Drinking Water State TOTAL $84,854.1 $69,400.0 $86,712.0 $86,631.3 $100,500.0 $13,868.7 $31,100.0
Program Resource
Assistance
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DRINKING WATER
DRINKING WATER STATE PROGRAM RESOURCE ASSISTANCE
Budget Request
EPA requests a total of $100,500,000 for 1996, an increase of $13,868,700
from 1995. This includes an increase of $20,000,000 for the Public Water Systems
Supervision (PWSS) grants. All of the request will be for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $90,000,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance (AC&C) appropriation. The 1996
budget moves the Public Water Systems Supervision (PWSS) program back to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation from the Water Infrastructure
Financing appropriation and represents an increase of $20,000,000 for PWSS. The
increase will expand support to states for their overwhelming workload in the
implementation of drinking water regulations, monitoring waivers, and technical
assistance to small systems.
PWSS program grants support 55 state and territory primacy programs and two
programs where EPA directly implements the programs. PWSS grants also provide
direct implementation and program development for Indian tribes.
In 1996, states will continue to be heavily involved in rule implementation
as additional requirements take effect. All states should have adopted the Lead
and Copper rule. The increase in state grants should help states implement this
rule. All drinking water systems will be required to monitor under the Lead and
Copper rule and the Agency anticipates increased noncompliance, both from
violations shown through monitoring as well as failure to monitor. Under Phase
V rules, some monitoring will take place during 1996 as well as requests for
monitoring waivers. The increase in PWSS grants will also help the states to
process monitoring waivers, which can save drinking water systems much needed
funds.
During 1996, states will continue to explore innovative alternatives both
in terms of treatment technologies as well as state financing options to build
and maintain capacity. Implementation of the Priority Guidance as well as
continued close coordination with state legislative bodies will be necessary to
ensure an effective drinking water program.
In 1996, states will devote increased attention to issues facing small
systems. Specifically, states will work with small systems to provide additional
flexibility wherever possible, including monitoring waivers and prevention
approaches to streamline and tailor implementation. States will also .aid
existing non-viable systems by providing technical assistance and will encourage
development of funding techniques and/or consolidation. States will work with
EPA to expand activities that build or improve the infrastructure of small
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disadvantaged communities. These communities are in need of technical and
financial assistance to understand the alternatives and invest in drinking water
infrastructure. This initiative will focus on low-cost, previously-tested
approaches and the development of partnerships with other stakeholders to deliver
assistance.
Enforcement responsibilities are expected to grow significantly. States
will need to work with systems as they develop corrosion control plans to achieve
compliance with the Lead and Copper Rule, including using SDWA Section 1431
emergency orders where warranted to protect public health. States will also need
to pay particular attention to the implementation of the Surface Water Treatment
Rule (SWTR), specifically addressing systems that filter and still do not achieve
compliance as well as filtration/avoidance criteria associated with the ground
water under the influence of surface water decisions. States will need to take
a large number of actions to deal with anticipated noncompliance. Also, EPA
estimates the number of emergency orders and multi-media cases that states are
dealing with will increase.
Reporting of additional data, as well as ensuring state compatibility with
the new national Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) will present a
significant challenge. States must adapt their data systems to accommodate new
data in a timely manner, while also providing EPA with compliance data. It is
crucial that states commit to entering data into the new SDWIS. To be
successful, the SDWIS must have complete and timely data; therefore, state use
of the system is critical.
Workyears and salary and travel dollars to support EPA's direct
implementation responsibilities will continue to be provided under the drinking
water implementation program element.
The Administration will propose legislation to include this grant program
in the Performance Partnership Initiative. A state could elect to consolidate
this and other categorical media grants into one or more multimedia or single
media grants. The state (or where applicable, tribe) could then target its most
pressing environmental problems and use the performance partnership grant for a
number of activities including pollution control, abatement and enforcement.
This program will not compromise basic national objectives and legislative
requirements.
Explanation of Change 0.0 FTE -$70,000.OK (WIF) +$90,000.OK (AC&C)
The 1996 request is an increase of $20,000,000. The increase is intended
to assist in the increase in state workload for the implementation of drinking
water regulations and for assisting small systems.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $70,000,000 for this program, all of
which is from the Water Infrastructure Financing appropriation.
States are struggling to deal with the implementation requirements of the
new regulations under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). In the short-term,
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states are using the PWSS Priority Guidance to prioritize activities as they
develop their program capabilities and develop alternative funding mechanisms.
In 1995, all states should have adopted the Phase II rule and the Lead and
Copper rule. State workload will increase to implement these rules. States must
approve corrosion control plans for small and medium systems under the Lead and
Copper rule. In addition, public education is required where systems exceed lead
action levels. Many states are negotiating extensions for the Phase V rules.
During the extension period, the states will have limited implementation
responsibilities for the new rules, but will undertake the necessary technical,
administrative and/or legal changes to receive primacy. States are also heavily
involved in implementing the Surface Water Treatment Rule, including monitoring
compliance with the earlier filtration determinations. States must also follow
through on the "ground water under the influence of surface water" decisions made
under the Surface Water Treatment Rule.
Enforcement efforts continue at a high level for systems that must meet the
requirements of the SWTR. States are taking enforcement actions against all
systems that do not meet the filtration deadline and any already filtered systems
that fail to meet the SWTR performance criteria. As states adopt the Lead and
Copper, Phase II and Phase V rules, they are assuming full enforcement
responsibilities.
These new requirements place additional demands on the states to do outreach
to public water systems in order to provide increased training and technical
assistance. Also, state data systems are being adapted to handle data for all
the new contaminants. States without automated data systems are developing such
systems to handle the vast amounts of monitoring, violation arid enforcement data
being generated.
Congressional Directives: A total of $11,100,000 is a Congressionally
directed add-on for state PWSS grants. In addition, this program was moved from
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation to the Water Infrastructure
appropriation.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency allocated a total of $67,400,700 for this program, all of which
was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1994, most states adopted the Phase II rule as well as the Lead and
Copper rule required in early 1995. Many states negotiated extensions for the
Phase V rules. During the extension period, the states have limited
implementation responsibilities for the new rules, but should undertake the
necessary technical, administrative, and/or legal changes to receive primacy.
States were also heavily involved in implementing the Surface Water Treatment
Rule, including monitoring compliance with the earlier filtration determinations
and making ground water systems under the direct influence of surface water
decisions. The Lead and Copper rule requires a significant workload as corrosion
control decisions and treatment determinations are reached for large systems-and
monitoring results are received for small systems. In addition, public education
is required where systems exceed lead action levels.
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Enforcement efforts continued at a high level for systems that must meet the
requirements of the SWTR. States took enforcement actions against all systems
that did not meet the filtration deadline and any already filtered systems that
failed to meet the SWTR performance criteria. As states adopted the Lead and
Copper, Phase II and Phase V rules, they assumed full enforcement
responsibilities.
These new requirements placed additional demands on the states to do
outreach to public water systems in order to provide increased training and
additional technical assistance. Also, state data systems were being adapted to
handle data for all the new contaminants. States without automated data systems
developed such systems to handle the vast amounts of monitoring, violation, and
enforcement data being generated.
Underground Inj ection Control Program Grants
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,500,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
an increase of $576,700 from 1995.
Underground Injection Control (UIC) grants will continue to support programs
to protect underground sources of drinking water (USDW) from contamination
through underground injection in the 50 states and 7 territories, as well as on
Indian lands. Where states and Indian tribal authorities have failed to assume
UIC primacy, EPA will use grant allotments to support direct implementation of
Federal UIC requirements.
The Agency will promulgate revisions to the regulations on oil and gas
injection wells (Class II) and a Class V regulation covering shallow injection
wells. Primacy states will have 270 days to adopt these new regulations. They
will submit state primacy revisions for review and approval by EPA. It is
estimated that many of the states may experience difficulty adopting the new
regulations on shallow injection wells within the 270 day timeframe and may need
to negotiate time extensions with the Regions.
Workyears, salary and travel dollars to support EPA's direct implementation
responsibilities will continue to be provided under the Ground Water protection
program element.
The Administration will propose legislation to include this grant program
in the Performance Partnership Initiative. A state could elect to consolidate
this and other categorical media grants into one or more multimedia or single
media grants. The state (or where applicable, tribe) could then target its most
pressing environmental problems and use the performance partnership grant for a
number of activities including pollution control, abatement and enforcement.
This program will not compromise basic national objectives and legislative
requirements.
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Explanation of Change 0.0 FTE +$576.7K (AC&C)
There is an increase of $576,700 to support the states' implementation of
the UIC Class V program. This increase provides funding to restore a general
reduction directed by Congress and for funds used to support a pilot
demonstration grant project.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,923,300 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
UIC grants support 42 primacy states, 36 full and 6 partial. EPA is
responsible for direct implementation in the remaining states and Indian land
programs (15 full and 6 partial programs and the Osage Reservation) and uses
grant resources to support direct implementation of Federal UIC requirements.
In addition to continuing primacy-related responsibilities, the Agency is
proposing new regulations for the management of Class V shallow injection wells.
EPA is implementing an outreach and education effort that will focus on the
owners/operators of the approximately 150,000 shallow injection wells (a subset
of Class V wells) who will be affected by the new rule. States and Regions
continue to focus their efforts on locating and assessing priority shallow
injection wells. Examples include some industrial, storm and agriculture
drainage wells, automobile service station wells and injection wells located in
proximity to drinking water wells. When Class IV wells or Class V wells that
endanger underground sources of drinking water are located, states and Regions
require their immediate closure. States and Regions are targeting priority
enforcement efforts against violations of shallow well requirements.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency allocated a total of $10,745,400 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
UIC grants supported 42 primacy states, 36 full and 6 partial. EPA is
responsible for direct implementation in the remaining states and Indian land
programs (15 full and 6 partial programs and the Osage Reservation) and used
grant resources to support direct implementation of Federal UIC requirements.
Primacy states and EPA are responsible for making new permit determinations,
evaluating appeals on previous denials, and reviewing applications to modify
existing permits, including hazardous waste Class I well petitions. The states
and Regions supervised injection practices in the field by witnessing mechanical
integrity tests, inspecting and reviewing plugged and abandoned injection wells,
reviewing well records, and tracking compliance with regulatory requirements and
permit conditions.
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Special Studies And Demonstrations
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests no funds for this program in 1996. This represents a
decrease of $6,708,000 from 1995. This decrease reflects the Agency's effort to
achieve maximum leverage with limited resources and the belief that the recipient
organizations can and should secure additional funding through organizational
dues, training fees, and other mechanisms.
Explanation of Change 0.0 FTE $-6,708.OK (AC&C)
There is no request for this program. The decrease reflects funding for
Congressional earmark projects in 1995 that are not being requested in 1996.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,708,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These
funds provide $4,000,000 to the National Rural Water Association (NRWA) Drinking
Water Program; $1,835,000 to the NRWA Ground Water Program; and $873,000 to the
Rural Community Assistance Program (RCAP).
In 1995, EPA has been directed to continue funding organizations that
address the problems of small rural community water systems. Through training
and technical assistance, small rural communities have improved operational,
technical and financial capabilities for operating their drinking water systems.
EPA provides technical assistance and training to small rural community water
systems through grants to the NRWA Drinking Water Program and the RCAP. The
grant to the NRWA Drinking Water Program provides funding for 47 state non-profit
associations to provide operator training and technical assistance. The RCAP
grant provides funding for compliance training and technical and managerial
assistance in support of drinking water systems and community decision-makers.
The six regional RCAP affiliates serve 26 states. The grant to the NRWA Ground
Water Program provides funding for local Wellhead Protection Program (WHP)
demonstration projects.
Congressional Directives: A total of $6,708,000 is a Congressionally
directed add-on for projects of the NRWA and RCAP.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency allocated a total of $6,708,000 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These
funds provided $4,000,000 to the National Rural Water Association (NRWA) Drinking
Water Program; $1,835,000 to the NRWA Ground Water Program; and $873,000 to the
Rural Community Assistance Program (RCAP).
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DRINKING WATER
Ground-Water Protection
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Ground-Water Protection
Program & Research $13,680.2 $15,040.9 $14,691.5 $14,640.3 $15,550.3 $910.0 $509.4
Operations
Abatement Control and $3,352.9 $3,202.5 $4,146.6 $4,146.6 $4,478.3 $331.7 $1,275.8
Compliance
TOTAL $17,033.1 $18,243.4 $18,838.1 $18,786.9 $20,028.6 $1,241.7 $1,785.2
TOTAL:
Program & Research $13,680.2 $15,040.9 $14,691.5 $14,640.3 $15,550.3 $910.0 $509.4
Operations
Abatement Control and $3,352.9 $3,202.5 $4,146.6 $4,146.6 $4,478.3 $331.7 $1,275.8
Compliance
Ground-Water TOTAL $17,033.1 $18,243.4 $18,838.1 $18,786.9 $20,028.6 $1,241.7 $1,785.2
Protection
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Ground-Water Protection 213.9 225.8 225.8 222.1 219.8 -2.3 -6.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 213.9 225.8 225.8 222.1 219.8 -2.3 -6.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Ground-Water Protection 223.9 225.8 232.4 228.7 226.0 -2.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS 223.9 225.8 232.4 228.7 226.0 -2.7
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DRINKING WATER
GROUND WATER PROTECTION
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $20,028,600 and 226.0 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $1,241,700 and a decrease of 2.7 total workyears from 1995.
Of this request, $15,550,300 will be for Program and Research Operations and
$4,478,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $910,000 in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and an increase of $331,700 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Ground Water Protection
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $20,028,600 and 226.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $15,550,300 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $4,478,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance (AC&C) appropriation. This represents an increase of $910,000 for
Program and Research Operations, an increase of $331,700 for Abatement, Control
and Compliance and a decrease of 2.7 total workyears. The increase in Program
and Research Operations reflects increased personnel costs. The increase in
Abatement, Control and Compliance supports several groundwater programs.
In 1996, EPA will emphasize the implementation of "community-based" programs
to protect the source waters -- both surface and ground -- that supply the
drinking water for some 60,000 community public water supplies. This program
supports the Agency's ecosystem protection initiative and adopts the principles
of the Office of Water's community-based ecosystem protection approach for
decision making, broad stakeholder involvement, and cross-program coordination.
The Source Water Protection Program (SWPP) expands upon wellhead protection not
only by focusing on both surface and ground water resources but also by including
broader protection areas, e.g., recharge areas. EPA staff will expand on both
programmatic and technical SWPP guidance issued in 1995 and Regional experts will
provide on-site and field support for delineating drinking water protection areas
for both surface and ground water. Based on this field experience, Headquarters
will develop education and outreach materials in various presentation forms
workshops, printed materials, public service announcements -- to be used by
states and other organizations to reach thousands of communities. EPA will also
continue to work with industry to identify and develop voluntary approaches to
reduce or eliminate source water contamination potential in SWPAs.
For the Wellhead Protection (WHP) Program, EPA will be phasing out its state
program approval and support activities because it expects that 50
states/territories will have EPA approved WHP programs in place. EPA will
continue to review high priority, federally-financed projects on or near sole
source aquifers.
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EPA expects to review 11 Comprehensive State Ground Water Protection
Programs (CSGWPPs) and endorse 5 CSGWPPs. EPA will work with other Federal
agencies to focus efforts on priority ground water resources as identified by
each state's plan.
EPA will continue management and regulation of Class I, II, III and V
underground injection wells. EPA will promulgate new UIC regulations for the
management of Class V shallow injection wells. The regulation will severely
restrict the use of Class V injection wells for an estimated 120,000 industrial
waste disposal. For the 170,000 Class II (oil and gas) wells, EPA will
promulgate the final rule including minimum construction standards. In addition,
the Agency will issue final guidance on the no-migration petitions for non-
hazardous waste Class I injection wells and will also continue to coordinate with
the RCRA program in the development of hazardous waste rules and the
implementation of those rules for injection well operations.
Principal outreach and education efforts will be focused on the
owners/operators of the approximately 120,000 shallow, industrial disposal wells
to encourage voluntary compliance with the rule and persuade local government
officials to include Class V well management as part of their SWPPs. The total
number of Class V wells nationwide has been estimated as high as over one
million. Thus, EPA will also develop and issue education and outreach materials
on other Class V subsets, particularly agricultural drainage and stormwater wells
in SWP areas.
In 1996, EPA will expand on the information and approaches to identifying
and locating critical aquatic ecosystems, including endangered species habitats,
that are dependent on ground water. An important component of this activity is
educating local, state, and Federal officials on the existence of these
ecosystems and the interrelationship of surface water and ground water in these .
areas. EPA, working directly with the states, will continue progress in
developing and reporting on ground water indicators that measure environmental
results.
Base resources pay for Program postage costs that provide all routine, day-
to-day U.S. Postal Services and include regular First, Third and Fourth Class
mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority mail, registered and certified
mail and pouch mail.
Base dollars provide on-going data processing and telecommunication services
for this Program. These services are classified into five costs centers;
Enterprise Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical
Consulting Services and Scientific Computing Services. Investment resources will
provide the Program's share of Depreciation of Capital Assets, Increased Service
Costs, Additional Mainframe Capacity, Investments in Network Services and
Investments in Technical Consulting Services.
Explanation of Change -2.7 FTE +$910.OK (PRO) +$331.7K (AC&C)
The 1996 request is a net decrease of 2.7 FTE and an increase of $1,241,700.
These net changes are the result of several shifts within the program and
increases in some areas as well as decreases in other areas: +4.0 workyears and
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$1,000,000 for community-based Source Water Protection Programs (SWPPs); -5.0
workyears for approvals of State Wellhead Protection Programs; and -5.0 workyears
for witnessing UIC Mechanical Integrity Tests. The remaining increase reflects
a shift of resources from the Office of Administration and Resources Management
to support a portion of the Working Capital Fund expenses for this program and
a decrease of $1,425,000 for Congressionally directed add-ons in the 1995 budget
not requested in 1996. Resources are restored that were part of the general
reductions directed by Congress.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $18,786,900 and 228.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $14,640,300 is from the Program and Research
Operations and $4,146,600 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
EPA will work with states and public water systems to institute Source Water
Protection Programs (SWPP) for protecting ground and surface water sources of
drinking water. SWPPs will expand upon wellhead protection not only by focusing
on both surface and ground water, but also by including broader protection areas
and a multi-jurisdictional approach to protection. SWPPs will include drinking
water resources that are not included in Wellhead Protection (WHP) Programs and
will expand and link local WHP programs that are better addressed by state or
multi-jurisdictional authorities. While building upon existing cross-program,
ground water protection initiatives and the Clean Water Act watershed protection
program, these prevention-oriented programs are expected to be an effective means
of protecting public health and meeting SDWA requirements. EPA will sponsor
state forums to focus on developing and defining the SWPP and implementation
issues critical to its success. EPA will also consult with other Federal
agencies in developing guidance on SWPPs. Building on the information and
insights gained through the forums, the Agency will issue the national guidance
for state and local SWPPs.
In 1995, EPA will continue to emphasize the importance of WHPs. EPA expects
to review 10 state plans and to approve 7 additional state WHP programs, bringing
the total to 44. Emphasis will shift from state program approvals to providing
technical assistance on complex WHP implementation issues. EPA will continue to
track states' progress in implementing their Comprehensive State Ground Water
Protection Programs (CSGWPP), particularly with regard to multi-media
considerations. In 1995, the CSGWPP and WHP programs will begin to phase into
the Source Water Protection effort and will be used as base information for
establishing inventories, local ordinances and preventive efforts that can be
expanded into the state SWPPs.
To supplement the national guidance defining SWPPs, EPA will begin
development of technical guidance documents on delineating drinking water
protection areas (DWPA) within a state and on defining adequate management
measures within a DWPA for different categories of sources of contamination. The
Agency will test methods of resource assessment/characterization in several
states. EPA will issue materials emanating from its second International Ground
Water Ecology Conference, a forum for water resource managers to share their
research or experience on topics such as the impacts of surface water and ground
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water interaction. EPA will work with the states to improve the collection and
accessibility of ground water information, including ground water environmental
indicators.
EPA is continuing management of the Underground Injection Control (UIC)
program, including working with states to secure the closure of shallow injection
wells. EPA will propose a new UIC regulation for the management of Class V
shallow industrial disposal wells. EPA will begin to work with regulators at all
levels of government to encourage voluntary compliance with the upcoming
regulations and persuade local officials to include Class V well management in
SWPPs. EPA will propose new requirements for Class II wells which address
minimum construction standards for new wells, increase the frequency of
mechanical integrity tests and expand the "area of reviews." The Agency will
issue draft guidance on no-migration petitions for non-hazardous waste, Class I
wells and continue coordination with RCRA on LDR Phase III regulation.
Congressional Directives: A total of $1,425,000 is a Congressionally
directed add-on for selected ground water protection activities, i..e., $600,000
to support activities that protect the Spokane Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer; $400,000
to assist the State of Hawaii and the county of Maui to further investigate the
causes and to develop and implement solutions to the algal bloom crisis; $180,000
to fund a ground water study at Lake Calumet; and, $245,000 for the Ground Water
Protection Council.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency allocating a total of $17,033,100 supported by 223.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $13,680,200 was from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $3,352,900 was from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency worked closely with states as they undertook ground water
protection efforts, including prevention, to protect this valuable resource. The
Agency responded to specific states' concerns as they developed and implemented
their CSGWPPs. EPA worked with the states on the development and implementation
of Wellhead Protection Programs and approved 5 additional state programs in 1994,
bringing the number of approved States to 37. EPA continued to promote the
program by issuing guidance documents which address technical considerations
involved in WHP programs, including delineating wellhead protection areas and
inventorying sources of contamination.
In 1994, EPA sponsored the first International Ground Water Ecology
Conference. The Agency worked with the states to collect data for environmental
indicators and issued guidance on critical areas of the ground water/surface
water interface. EPA provided training on cross-program integration of ground
water data and promoted state use of Geographic Information Systems (CIS) as a
priority setting and decision making tool for state and local officials. EPA
worked with other Federal agencies as well as EPA programs to improve data
quality, compatibility, and accessibility.
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EPA continued to manage the Underground Injection Control program, including
working with states to secure the closure of shallow injection wells which
endanger ground water. The Agency developed draft guidance on no-migration
petitions for non-hazardous waste Class I injection wells. EPA continued to
conduct data integrity audits to assess states' progress in implementing
recommended changes for data management systems.
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DRINKING WATER
Working Capital Fund - Drinking Water
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Working Capital Fund -
Drinking Water
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and
Compliance
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Working Capital Fund -
Drinking Water
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
$780.8
$780.8
$780.8
$780.8
$780.8
$780.8
$780.8
$780.8
$780.8
Working Capital Fund -
Drinking Water
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DRINKING WATER
WORKING CAPITAL FUND-DRINKING WATER
Budget Request
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $780,800 and 0.0 total workyears for this
program, all of which will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The Regional Working Capital Fund (WCF) Services - Drinking Water
program element is a new program element beginning in 1996. This program element
contains funds formerly carried in the Office of Administration and Resources
Management (OARM) and used to support Drinking Water Program needs. With the
creation of a Working Capital Fund in 1996, these resources are being transferred
from OARM to the Drinking Water Program which will be directly responsible for
paying for these services. The total request is for Regions to use in support
of Drinking Water programs.
Working Capital Fund base resources pay for Regional Program postage costs
that provide all routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and include regular
First, Third and Fourth Class mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority
mail, registered and certified mail and pouch mail. Base dollars also provide
on-going Regional data processing and telecommunication services for this
Program. These services are classified into five costs centers; Enterprise
Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical Consulting
Services and Scientific Computing Services. Investment resources will provide
the Program's share of Depreciation of Capital Assets, Increased Service Costs,
Additional Mainframe Capacity, Investments in Network Services and Investments
in Technical Consulting Services.
Explanation of Change +$780.8K (AC&C)
The 1996 budget request reflects a total increase of $780,800 in the Office
of Water's Regional programs Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
offset by a corresponding decrease in the OARM budget request. This reflects the
transfer of these resources from OARM to the Program offices that actually spend
the funds.
1995 Program
There were no resources in this program element in 1995. This program
element was created to facilitate implementation of the EPA Working Capital Fund
in 1996.
1994 Accomplishments
There were no resources in this program element in 1994 since this program
was not in existence.
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Enforcement
PROGRAM
Drinking Water
Enforcement
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Drinking Water TOTAL
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Drinking Water
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Drinking Water
Enforcement
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$5,868.6
$5.9
$5,874.5
$5,868.6
$5.9
$5,874.5
96.6
96.6
99.9
$6,094.2
$14.5
$6,108.7
$6,094.2
$14.5
$6,108.7
104.5
104.5
104.5
$6,288.2
$7.5
$6,295.7
$6,288.2
$7.5
$6,295.7
104.5
104.5
109.1
$6,266.7
$7.5
$6,274.2
$6,266.7
$7.5
$6,274.2
102.9
102.9
107.5
$6,958.9
$6.3
$6,965.2
$6,958.9
$6.3
$6,965.2
102.5
102.5
106.9
$692.2
-$1.2
$691.0
$692.2
-$1.2
$691.0
-4
-4
-6
$864.7
-$8.2
$856.5
$864.7
-$8.2
$856.5
-2.0
-2.0
2.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS 99.9 104.5 109.1 107.5 106.9 -6 2.4
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DRINKING WATER
DRINKING WATER ENFORCEMENT
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,965,200 supported by 106.9 total workyears
for 1996, an increase of $691,000 and a decrease of 0.6 total workyears from
1995. Of the request, $6,958,900 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $6,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
As a result of the 1995 reorganization of enforcement resources a number of
changes for this program have taken place. The Headquarters resources for the
Drinking Water program can now be found in the Multimedia media, titled
Regulatory Enforcement, and Sector and Multimedia Compliance.
Drinking Water Enforcement
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,965,200 supported by 106.9 total workyears
for this program, of which $6,958,900 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $6,300 for the Abatement Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $692,200 for Program and Research
Operations appropriation and a decrease of $1,200 for Abatement Control and
Compliance and a decrease of 0.6 total workyears. The increase for the Program
and Research Operations appropriation reflects increased workforce costs. The
decrease of 0.6 total workyears reflects a reduction in Regional oversight of
Underground Injection Control (UIC) oil and gas Class II wells in delegated
states. This request is for the Regional program only.
In 1996, the Drinking Water Enforcement program will support the achievement
of the Agency's guiding principles of ecosystem protection, pollution prevention,
environmental justice, and environmental accountability.
The Drinking Water Enforcement program will prevent the endangerment of
human health by contaminants in drinking water through the enforcement of the
national primary drinking water regulations (NPDWRs) and through increased
attention to source protection activities. The Regions will maximize compliance
and return violators to compliance as quickly as possible by using a variety of
administrative, civil, and criminal tools. Targeted outreach, compliance
activities, technical assistance and aggressive responses to noncompliance will
encourage others in the regulated community to meet their obligations.
In the Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) program in 1996, priority will
be given to increased enforcement of the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR),
total coliform, and Lead and Copper regulations. Enforcement actions will be
taken against systems that missed the 1993 deadline to install filtration and to
upgrade their filtration and disinfectant treatment to meet new performance
requirements. The Regions will also take action on the Lead and Copper Rule,
against systems which are not implementing their corrosion control plans. EPA
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will take enforcement actions in cases where primacy states do not act or have
requested assistance and/or where EPA is the primary agent.
There will be increased emphasis in 1996 on compliance assistance for small
public water systems in monitoring the water in their systems. Intensified
enforcement actions and inspections will be targeted in minority and low-income
communities, both rural and urban, to improve compliance rates.
The Underground Injection Control (UIC) enforcement program will effectively
enforce Part C of Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) and implement regulations to
prevent adverse affects to health and the environment and to protect the
integrity of the nation's ground water. In 1996, the Agency will be directly
implementing the program in 15 states without primacy for the UIC program, and
on Indian lands, and will share responsibility with six states.
The Agency will increase the number of enforcement actions in 1996 against Class
V (industrial and shallow injection) wells.
Explanation of Change -0.6 FTE +$692.2K (PRO) -$1.2K (AC&C)
The net reduction of 0.6 FTE and $1,200 reflects a reduction in regional
oversight of Underground Injection Control (UIC) oil and gas Class II wells in
delegated States.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $6,274,200 supported by 107.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,266,700 is from Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $7,500 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance.
In 1995, enforcement support for the SWTR and Lead and Copper Rule is still
a high priority, although enforcement against violators of the Total Coliform
(TC) and other basic rules continues. Noncompliance is expected to escalate as
additional requirements (monitoring, treatment techniques) of the SWTR and Lead
and Copper Rule take effect.
For the SWTR in 1995, the Regions are working with the states to issue
enforcement actions against the approximately 1,000 systems that missed the June
1993 deadline requiring previously unfiltered surface water systems to have
installed treatment. In addition, the Regions are also issuing enforcement
actions against systems for violators of the new filtration and disinfection
requirements.
For the Lead and Copper Rule, the Agency is focusing in 1995 on corrosion
control plans and monitoring results from all systems. EPA is issuing
Administrative Orders (AOs) against large systems which did not submit and are
not implementing their corrosion control plans and to small and medium systems
which failed to assess initial microbiological risk as required by regulation.
The Regions are emphasizing the use of SDWA Section 1431 orders and
Department of Justice (DOJ) referrals for enforcing both the Lead and Copper Rule
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and SWTR. EPA is also accelerating the use of DOJ referrals for an increased
number of civil cases in 1995.
In 1995, the Underground Injection Control (UIC) enforcement program is
concentrating on enforcement activity on Class V shallow injection wells. The
Agency is taking enforcement actions in all states where there are emergencies,
where states request EPA assistance, and where there is an inability or failure
to take timely and appropriate action. The Agency is increasing the number of
Class V enforcement activities, especially in designated source water protection
areas. The Regions are seeking criminal prosecution for fraudulent reporting and
intentional misrepresentation, especially in those cases involving disposal of
land banned wastes.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $5,874,500 supported by 99.9 workyears for
this program, of which $5,868,600 was from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $5,900 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
The focus of the drinking water enforcement program in 1994 was on systems
that were significant noncompliers (SNC), defined on the basis of risk to human
health posed by violations of the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
(NPDWRs). While SNCs were the first enforcement priority, all water systems in
violation were subject to enforcement action, particularly those systems about
to become SNCs or causing a public health threat. EPA issued administrative
orders (AOs) or initiated court actions when states failed to do so. In
addition, the Agency conducted administrative hearings and assessed penalties for
AO noncompliance.
Federal enforcement efforts increased significantly in 1994. In 1994 PWSS
program, 2,831 inspections were conducted, and 309 administrative orders were
issued. In addition, 6 civil referrals were sent to the Department of Justice
(DOJ. In the UIC program, 82,500 inspections were conducted, 69 administrative
orders were issued, 4 civil referrals were sent to the Department of Justice, and
3 criminal litigation actions were also initiated.
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Explanation of Change 0 FTE +$5,000.0 K (AC&C)
This is a new Program Element in 1996. FY 1995 resources related to this
activity are under the Office of International Activities Program Element in the
same media. The resource level in 1996 is equal to the 1995 level of funding.
1995 Program
This is a new Program Element in 1996. FY 1995 resources related to this
activity are under the Office of International Activities Program Element in the
same media.
1994 Accomplishments
This is a new Program Element in 1996. FY 1994 resources related to this
activity are under the Office of International Activities Program Element in the
same media.
Office of International Activities
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,927,000 and 73.3 total workyears for
1996, a decrease of $1,101,500 from 1995. Of the request, $5,847,900 will be for
Program and Research Operations, and $9,079,100 will be for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $374,600
for Program and Research Operations, and a decrease of -$1,476,100 for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The increase in the PRO
resources reflects the full funding of our FTEs. The decrease in AC&C resources
is directly related to a commensurate shift of resources to two new program
elements: Commission on Environmental Cooperation and Mission and Policy.
In 1996, OIA has redirected base resources to provide funding for higher
priority activities. No additional resources are requested for these activities.
These higher priority activities include:
Environmental Technology in Latin America: Consistent with the
President's Environmental Technology Initiative, as well as the
President's commitment to conclude a free trade agreement with Chile, EPA
will expand cooperative environmental activities with the governments of
Chile, Argentina, and Brazil. Specific activities will include:
technical assistance in developing environmental regulatory, monitoring
and enforcement capabilities; training under the U.S. Environmental
Training Institute; and information dissemination and technology
demonstrations under the U.S. Technology for International Environmental
Solutions (U.S. TIES) program. EPA will closely coordinate its program
with Department of Commerce, U.S. Agency for International Development,
and other agencies.
Russia (Gore-Chernomyrdin Environment Committee--GCEC) and Former Russian
Republics: The GCEC, a Vice Presidential initiative, is a high-level
international forum for addressing environmental issues that affect the
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overall U.S.-Russian relationship and the global environmental agenda.
Future activities will expand to former republics of the Soviet Union.
The U.S. Government is committed to a bilateral environmental agreement
with Kazakstan and other agreements are expected.
U.S.-Canadian Relationship: EPA/OIA will strengthen our partnership with
our northern neighbors by increasing the attention devoted to U.S.-
Canadian issues with on-site personnel. These workyears will be
responsible for helping to coordinate EPA's bilateral and NAFTA activities
with Canada thus improving EPA's ability to manage these important
programs. The U.S. has more bilateral environmental agreements with
Environment Canada than with any other country.
CFO/FMFIA/GPRA and Reimbursable Interagency Agreements: OIA wants to
establish two positions that would provide support and improve the
efficiency and effectiveness of the Agency's new goal-based budgeting
process by giving attention to financial and management integrity. These
positions will also be used to monitor and oversee any vulnerabilities
that may arise in the complex process of managing large technical
assistance programs.
In OIA's 1996 base, OIA will continue to provide resources for: restoring,
improving, and protecting the environment along the U.S. borders with Canada and
Mexico; technical assistance programs in Russia and the newly independent states,
Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, and the rest of the world; U.S. Technology for
International Environmental Solutions (U.S. TIES) program under ETI. OIA's base
resources also cover addressing regional and global policy issues related to
biodiversity, forests, marine pollution, environment and trade, environmental
health, and polar issues.
Explanation of Change 0 FTE +$374.6 K (PRO) -$1,476.1 K (AC&C)
The increase in the PRO resources reflects the full funding of our
•workforce. The decrease in AC&C resources is directly related to a commensurate
shift of resources from this program element to a new program element: Commission
on Environmental Cooperation (-$5,000,000). Please note that OIA's total AC&C
funding appears to reflect an increase of $3,523,900. This $3,523,900 reflects
the restoration of a $2,800,000 general Congressional reduction to OIA in FY
1995, as well as the restoration of a $800,000 Congressional reduction of OIA's
portion of the Agency's Environmental Technology Initiative.
1995 Program
The Agency requests a total of $16,028,500 and 73.3 total workyears for
1995. Of the request, $5,473,300 will be for Program and Research Operations,
and $10,555,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In addition to base activities relating to technical assistance,
multilateral cooperation, and policy development, in a broad range of areas from
Mexico and Canada to Russia and Asia, OIA will give special emphasis to:
(1) the implementation of a new U.S.-Mexican Border 2000 Plan, expanding
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on existing efforts but with the goal of coordinating border environmental
activities on an interagency basis. This will include expansion into new
areas such as public health and conservation.
(2) the continued implementation of U.S. TIES (a component of the
President's Environmental Technology Initiative) concentrating on the nine
countries identified by the Trade Promotion Coordination Committee as
particularly promising for U.S. environmental technologies and expertise.
(3) coordinating activities related to the U.S. performance review to be
conducted by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD) that will examine U.S. performance with respect to ecosystem
management, air, water and waste management, regional and global
environmental cooperation, the chemical industry and the transport sector.
(4) meeting commitments made by the U.S. at the Presidential Americas
Summit with an emphasis on a regional approach on the phase-out of lead in
gasoline and improved pesticide management.
(5) continuing cooperative radioactive waste management activities in
Murmansk under the aegis of the Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency allocated a total of $12,821,500 and 66.0 total workyears for
1994. Of the request, $5,009,400 will be for Program and Research Operations,
and $7,812,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Office was successful in advancing the U.S. international environmental
agenda in 1994 by EPA activities in the following areas. NAFTA: EPA negotiated
with Mexico and Canada the terms necessary to establish the Commission for
Environmental Cooperation (CEC) and successfully resolved all major legal and
technical problems, launching the CEC at its first formal meeting on July 26,
1994. Mexico Border Program: The main bilateral activity has been to facilitate
the transition from the current Border Plan to a new Border Action Plan in which
EPA will begin negotiations in March 1995. An extensive outreach program to
border communities was initiated with the creation of two Border Offices in San
Diego and El Paso. U.S. TIES: OIA and ORD launched $11 million worth of
projects under the U.S. Technology for International Environmental Solutions
(U.S. TIES) program to support international technical assistance, training,
information exchange, and technology demonstration projects. Gore -Chernomyrdin
Committee: OIA worked with Department of State, National Security Council,
Department of Energy, U.S. Agency for International Development, and Department
of Defense to implement the terms of the London Dumping Convention to facilitate
Russian adherance with the agreement prohibiting nuclear dumping. China/Japan:
OIA boosted our bilateral cooperative programs with China and Japan by high-level
visits to both countries which concentrated on solidifying cooperation on several
global, health, energy, and technology related issues. A. I.D/Eastern
Europe/Russia and Asia: OIA successfully negotiated with Dept. of State and
A.I.D. the transfer of $25 million to EPA for technical assistance, training
programs, and demonstration projects in Eastern Europe, Russia, and Asia.
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11-82
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 11-83
Office of Policy Analysis 11-84
Office of Regulatory Management and Evaluation 11-91
Office of Strategic Planning & Environmental Data 11-94
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
PROGRAM
Office of Policy
Analysis
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Office of Regulatory
Management and
Evaluation
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Office of Strategic
Planning and
Environmental Data
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Agency Management TOTAL
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Office of Policy
Analysis
Office of Regulatory
Management and
Evaluation
Office of Strategic
Planning & Env Data
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Office of Policy
Analysis
Office of Regulatory
Management and
Evaluation
Office of Strategic
Planning & Env Data
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$8,853.9
$22,370.2
$31,224.1
$3,828.2
$1,949.7
$5,777.9
$4,536.2
$3,992.3
$8,528.5
$17,218.3
$28,312.2
$45,530.5
107.5
51.6
57.3
216.4
109.3
52.7
59.9
221.9
$10,385.1
$43,497.9
$53,883.0
$4,189.8
$2,233.3
$6,423.1
$4,619.5
$5,367.5
$9,987.0
$19,194.4
$51,098.7
$70,293.1
124.7
56.1
61.0
241.8
124.7
56.1
61.0
241.8
$10,909.2
$38,037.8
$48,947.0
$4,285.8
$1,941.4
$6,227.2
$4,643.3
$4,353.9
$8,997.2
$19,838.3
$44,333.1
$64,171.4
151.7
56.1
65.0
272.8
156.9
57.9
68.3
283.1
$10,837.8
$37,921.0
$48,758.8
$4,403.8
$1,912.6
$6,316.4
$4,611.6
$4,305.3
$8,916.9
$19,853.2
$44,138.9
$63,992.1
149.4
57.2
63.9
270.5
154.6
59.0
67.2
280.8
$13,122.1
$43,576.6
$56,698.7
$4,826.4
$4,755.1
$9,581.5
$4,894.4
$4,585.6
$9,480.0
$22,842.9
$52,917.3
$75,760.2
157.7
56.0
59.9
273.6
162.5
57.7
63.0
283.2
$2,284.3
$5,655.6
$7,939.9
$422.6
$2,842.5
$3,265.1
$282.8
$280.3
$563.1
$2,989.7
$8,778.4
$11,768.1
8.3
-1.2
-4.0
3.1
7.9
-1.3
-4.2
2.4
$2,737.0
$78.7
$2,815.7
$636.6
$2,521.8
$3,158.4
$274.9
$781.9-
$507.0-
$3,648.5
$1,818.6
$5,467.1
33.0
-1
-1.1
31.8
37.8
1.6
2.0
41.4
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
OFFICE OF POLICY, PLANNING AND EVALUATION
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $75,760,200 and 283.2 total workyears for
this program, of which $22,842,900 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $52,917,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,989,700 and 2.4
total workyears in the Program and Research Operations appropriation, and an
increase of $8,778,400 in Abatement, Control and Compliance.
Office of Policy Analysis
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $56,698,700 and 162.5 total workyears for
this program, of which $13,122,100 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $43,576,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,284,300 and 7.9
total workyears in the Program and Research Operations appropriation, and an
increase of $5,655,600 in Abatement, Control and Compliance. The increase in
Program and Research Operations supports projected personnel salary and benefit
costs, increased travel resources to support the Climate Change Action Plan
(CCAP), the Common Sense Initiative (CSI) and Federal Advisory Committee Act
(FACA) meetings, full funding for contractor conversion workyears as well as
workyear increases. The increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance also
supports the Administrator's CSI and CCAP activities.
Acting under the auspices of the CSI, the Office of Policy Analysis (OPA)
will monitor the status of environmental goals and indicators over time to yield
a new, comprehensive, and more efficient approach to preventing and reducing
pollution on an industry-by-industry basis. OPA will coordinate Agency efforts
to integrate EPA priorities in CSI industries, including the use of innovative
environmental technologies and advocating a reduction in reporting burdens. OPA
will be the Agency lead for the Metal Plating and Finishing Sector and will
actively participate in each of the other five CSI sectors. In the Metal Plating
and Finishing Sector, OPA will coordinate internal (EPA) efforts as well as the
efforts of the external stakeholders. Through efforts similar to those employed
by the CSI sector groups, OPA will develop policies and programs which will
promote industrial eco-efficiency. OPA will continue its sector- and industry-
specific analysis of corporate decision-making factors relating to environmental
management, with policy recommendations for the freight transportation,
photoimaging, and thermoset plastics industries, as well as new sectors for
analysis.
OPA will pursue key policy opportunities that support sustainable community
development, including the Community Empowerment Initiative (EC/EZ Program) which
will promote sustainable, environmentally sound economic development
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opportunities. Brownfields Redevelopment will examine the impacts on regional
economic redevelopment of promoting the reuse of existing infrastructure
associated with old industrial sites, metropolitan transportation and community
development planning. In implementing Intermodal Surface Transportation
Efficiency Act (ISTEA) OPA will work with specific communities to integrate
Region-wide strategic planning for transportation, environmental quality,
environmental justice, and economic development. The Greening of Federal
Disaster Relief Policy will redirect Federal dollars to provide optimal
environmental, energy, quality of life, and economic benefits. OPA will also
work with the President's Council on Sustainable Development, Sustainable
Community Task Force and the Urban Policy/Metropolitan Compact Initiative
(potentially affecting our major metropolitan areas) and coordinate the urban
redevelopment efforts of DOT, HUD, Commerce, and EPA. OPA will develop and
implement strategies to stimulate demand for sustainable development approaches
by providing communities and industries the tools and incentives to improve
environmental quality while creating economic opportunity. OPA will continue to
address key policy issues including risk and uncertainty, environmental justice,
and market-based alternatives to environmental regulations. OPA will develop
quantitative estimates of the distribution of environmental loadings/exposures
at the local level and devise policy responses to most effectively support the
needs of affected communities and populations.
In 1996, OPA will continue to develop and implement models which support
provisions of the President's CCAP, evaluate both domestic and international
options for reducing greenhouse gases (GHG's) to their 1990 levels and increasing
sequestration. Specifically, OPA will support the CCAP through five initiatives:
Recycling, State and Local Outreach, Climate Wise, Transportation Efficiency, and
Joint Implementation. The continued implementation of these initiatives will
reduce domestic and international GHG emissions. OPA will continue its lead role
in implementing the U.S. Country Studies Program. The success of these
activities will depend on partnerships to be formed in 1996 with private
industry, state and local governments, developing countries, and other Federal
agencies.
OPA will support the White House, Department of State, International
Negotiation Committee (INC), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and will work with
other Federal departments to develop policies, protocols, technologies, methods,
and actions which will reduce GHG emissions beyond the year 2000. This includes
promoting rigorous international procedures for monitoring GHG reductions,
promoting policy reforms in developing countries, developing emission baselines
and forecasts, analyzing and synthesizing country study information, facilitating
joint implementation programs, promoting multilateral development bank reforms,
and developing methods for assessing mitigation options. OPA will continue to
implement an outreach program to promote transportation planning that results in
beneficial environmental outcomes, both for GHG mitigation purposes as well as
for the attainment of multi-media environmental objectives. OPA will continue
to implement the EPACT Section 1605(b) reporting system through the Climate Wise
program with implementation efforts focussing on analyzing the results of the
emission reductions achieved, and publicly recognizing voluntary reductions in
various sectors in order to stimulate even further reductions. OPA will analyze
options to reduce emissions in the energy, transportation, forest, and resource
11-85
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recycling sectors and will evaluate the vulnerability of regional and local
economies to climate change. OPA will assess the economic costs and damages of
climate change and of alternative adaptation and mitigation strategies. OPA will
also continue its efforts to evaluate the implications of climate change for key
constituencies most at risk.
OPA will provide analytical support to the White House for the "Green
Round" of GATT. Standardization of voluntary systems of eco-labelling and
enhancing global sustainability through pollution prevention techniques will be
primary areas of focus.
OPA will continue to be the catalyst in coordinating the Agency's
technology activities including the development of innovative approaches to
environmental management. Our focus will be on promoting an innovation-friendly
regulatory climate and promoting exports and verification programs. OPA will
form partnerships to integrate efforts between Federal agencies and external
stakeholders on cross-government, domestic, and international technology policy
issues. Most projects under the ETI Trusteeship will be competitively selected
between Federal agencies, States and Tribes with the goal of eliminating policy
barriers to innovative technologies, promoting exports, creating verification
programs and participating in interagency activities.
OPA, in cooperation with USDA, will analyze multi-media implementation
issues associated with the Farm Bill and the Clean Water Act. OPA will bridge
the gap between these single-media statutes and their broader effects (e.g.,
climate change) as well as the impacts of these re-authorized statutes on key
sectors (e.g., agriculture and forestry). OPA will continue to utilize the
"crop-by-crop" approach as a framework for promoting the "safer pesticide" policy
and the Administrator's "reduced use" program. OPA will provide cross-media
analysis and guidance central to the Clean Air Act (CAA) emphasizing programs
related to the economy and environment, bioaccumulation modeling, quantification
of ecosystem benefits of air pollution reduction, statistical risk studies with
geographic distribution, and review of Particulate Material National Ambient Air
Quality Standard (PMNAQS).
OPA will support work to characterize the economic social costs and
benefits of environmental programs. Increased work will be aimed at more fully
documenting the ecological, economic and welfare benefits of the Agency's water
programs through a variety of national and site-specific studies. OPA will
continue its leadership role in promoting the Administrator's goals for
Environmental Justice by ensuring, in conjunction with the Office of Pesticide
Programs, the timely implementation of the Farm Worker Safety Rules. We will
support applied research on ecological-economic modeling and analysis, and
valuation techniques. OPA will develop environmental accounting information to
measure domestic and international economic performance.
Explanation of Change +7.9 FTE +$2,284.3K (PRO) +$5,655.6 (AC&C)
The $2,284,300 increase in the Program Research and Operations
appropriation will support projected increases in personnel salary and benefit
costs, full funding for contractor conversion workyears, the 7.9 total workyear
increases for CSI and CCAP, and provide increased travel resources for CCAP and
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FACAs associated with CSI. The increase of $5,655,600 in Abatement, Control and
Compliance will support CSI ($1.0 million) and CCAP ($4.5 million) activities in
1996. Activities have been streamlined and resources re-oriented to support high
priority areas, while disinvesting in things such as regulatory development and
review and non-CCAP climate related activities.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $48,758,800 supported by 154.6
total workyears for this program, of which $10,837,800 is from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $37,921,000 is from Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. OPA is proceeding with community-based environmental
policy projects by continuing on-going demonstration projects and selecting new
sites for analysis of factors that promote strategic environmental management,
especially pollution prevention. OPA is expanding its focus on industrial sector
issues, addressing sector-based eco-efficiency issues through its Sustainable
Industry Project, the basis for OPA leadership in the metal finishing industry
segment of the CSI. OPA is also developing implementation projects for other
sectors: plastics, freight transportation, and photo-imaging. OPA is making
efforts to ensure a sound Agency position on the Farm Bill reauthorization, and
the timely implementation of the Farm Worker Safety Regulations.
OPA is expanding its demonstration/partnership work with communities to
promote urban redevelopment, region-wide strategic planning and partnerships to
address sustainable economic development. OPA uses tools such as analysis of
environmental data, cumulative risk assessment, environmental justice analysis,
environmental technology diffusion, ecosystem protection approaches, and
technical assistance with specific communities or sectors to encourage
development that assures environmental quality.
As part of the CCAP, OPA is developing an outreach program which promotes
transportation planning that results in beneficial environmental outcomes -- for
GHG mitigation as well as for attaining various multi-media environmental
objectives -- by working with State and Local governments as well as non-
governmental organizations (NGOs). A monitoring component is being designed to
achieve environmental goals through a set of indicators that relate
transportation decisions to environmental outcomes.
OPA's Climate-Wise program is continuing to spur industrial GHG reductions
on a voluntary, and company-wide basis. Working with the Department of Energy
(DOE), regional workshops across the country are providing information on cost-
effective actions to reduce emissions and to provide guidance on monitoring and
reporting of achievements. Other options being addressed to mitigate GHG
emissions from the US energy sector, include: the use of more renewable energy
such as biomass, economic incentive mechanisms, and encouraging policies that
provide increased energy conservation and the use of low-polluting GHG emitting
fuels such as natural gas.
OPA is promoting rapid and efficient implementation of the Framework
Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) by ensuring that all countries take equitable
and least costly actions and that analyses of further actions and expected
amendments or protocols to the Convention are rigorously prepared and considered.
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OPA is working closely with DOE and the USDA in its lead on GHG inventories and
methods development. We are providing analysis to the Department of State for
negotiating joint implementation rules, and for rigorously and constructively
reviewing national policies of signatory countries. In 1995, OPA is expanding
its support for the U.S. Country Studies program. By assessing and promoting
improved policies and practices, OPA is also promoting sustainable management of
forest resources. OPA is analyzing the impacts of climate change and
vulnerabilities of constituencies most at risk from climate change, the benefits
of mitigating it, and the evaluation of policies for adapting to likely change.
OPA is also promoting the use of its integrated assessment model to compare the
benefits and costs of specific actions. It will further develop its adaptation
decision support system to cover additional sectors (e.g. , forestry, agriculture,
water resources), and disseminate the tools to domestic and international
decisionmakers. In support of the Climate Wise initiative, OPA is emphasizing
voluntary reduction of industrial and municipal GHG emissions and promoting
participation in the Voluntary GHG Reporting System under section 1605(b) of the
Energy Policy Act.
OPA will continue to play a prominent role in the Committee on Trade and
the Environment (CTE) and the Organization for Economic and Cooperative
Development (OECD) Joint Export Group meetings and negotiations, to promote
mutually supportive environmental and trade rules and policies. OPA will work,
in coordination with other Offices and agencies, to ensure successful integration
of environmental and trade policies in future trade expansion negotiations to
which the President has committed. OPA will work, in coordination with the EPA
Standards Network, to promote the emergence of cost-effective and environmentally
sound international standards or guidelines, to facilitate trade and promote
environmentally friendly products and production processes. OPA will continue
to work closely with other EPA Offices to reduce possible conflicts between U.S.
environmental laws and international trade rules, and to defend EPA laws where
challenges do arise.
OPA is supporting work to characterize the economic social benefits and
costs of environmental regulations. Updated guidance materials are being
produced on economic impact, benefit-cost, and other socio-economic analyses.
OPA is analyzing the economic value of ecological systems, and supporting
research on state-of the art market and non-market based valuation techniques.
OPA is studying the application of environmental accounting methods to the
measurement of domestic and international economic and environmental performance.
Education and training programs for Federal, state, and local governments are
being provided in the fields of economic information and techniques.
In 1995, through the contractor conversion initiative, OPA is converting
contract resources to bring in-house experienced individuals to provide analytic
support for production of reports on environmental accounting and program
assessments (e.g. benefit-cost analyses of the Clean Air Act and other
environmental statutes), to conduct economic analysis to support analysis of
benefits of options under the 1995 Farm Bill and the benefits of water quality
improvements, to assist in the preparation of U.S. GHG inventories, to perform
climate change outreach, and integrated assessments and to provide materials to
state and local agencies as well as various NGOs, to support state and local
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voluntary transportation programs, and to develop complicated modelling of
pollutant dispersion and air quality.
Congressional Directives: A total of $1,100,000 is for the Congressionally
directed projects of Emerging Environmental Technologies Initiative, Pacific
Northwest Environmental Technology Effort, and Resource and Agricultural Policy
Systems Initiative.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $31,224,100 and 109.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $8,853,900 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $22,370,200 was in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1994, OPA expanded the industry-specific environmental policy project
to include studying factors which promote strategic environmental management in
selected industries; we developed demonstration projects to evaluate EPA actions
that have options to address environmental problems in industrial communities.
OPA assumed the lead role for the metal finishing sector of the Common Sense
Initiative. OPA developed integrated, cross-media strategies to address
environmental issues, working with the industrialized communities in Northern New
Jersey. Additionally, OPA supported work which: (1) ensured the incorporation
of environmental criteria in the selection of the HUD/USDA Empowerment Zones and
Enterprise Communities to better integrate environmental and economic strategies;
(2) initiated analysis to gain a better understanding of environmental risks to
minority and low-income groups; (3) completed analyses and developed strategies
to better maximize climate benefits of municipal solid waste policies and better
understand the impacts of Federal materials use policies; and (4) advanced
market-based approaches to encourage fewer spills and more responsible management
of oil and other hazardous substances.
OPA assisted in the development of a tracking system to monitor activities
and progress under the US Climate Change Action Plan (CCAP), improved the
greenhouse gas (GHG) projections under the CCAP (especially for non-C02 gases),
encouraged states and localities to become full partners in the CCAP, and
designed the program to reduce emissions through source reduction. Additionally,
OPA gained the participation of 18 states and 12 localities in the CCAP's State
and Local Initiative and launched the "Green Fleets" program as an international
model for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in cities. OPA, in cooperation with
the Office of Solid Waste (OSW), designed the program to reduce emissions through
waste reduction and recycling. OPA facilitated domestic and international
compliance with the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) and provided
critical analysis of other countries' national plans. OPA drafted joint
implementation rules to support the U.S. position under the FCCC, and began,
along with other agencies, the joint implementation pilot program. The office
published the official U.S. GHG Inventory as part of the first national
communication to the FCCC, published the Report to Congress on International
Emissions of Methane, and co-lead the White House Conference on Climate Change.
OPA completed a draft preliminary integrated assessment report and developed a
computer-based "multi-attribute" tool that can be used by policy makers to assess
particular adaptation strategies. The program provided management oversight and
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support of the U.S. Country Studies Program and completed a draft of the
mitigation methodologies chapter in the IPCC Workgroup II Second Assessment
Report. OPA initiated implementation of all aspects of the transportation
activities in the Climate Change Action Plan and supported pollution prevention
by launching a "Climate-Wise" initiative with DOE.
OPA played a leading role in the formal establishment of an EPA Task Force
on Environment and Trade, and co-chairs the Task Force with the Office of
International Activities (OIA) . OPA also played a lead role in the U.S.
delegation negotiating the creation of a new Committee on Trade and Environment
(CTE) in the World Trade Organization to address important trade/environment
issues. OPA collaborated with other Offices (the Office of Air and Radiation and
Office of General Counsel) and the Office of the Trade Representative in
successful defense of U.S. fuel efficiency standards (CAFE standards and gas
guzzler tax) from General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) challenge brought
by a European Union.
Under OPPE's guidance, OPA made substantial progress in implementing the
President's Environmental Technology Initiative. EPA's "Technology Innovation
Strategy" defined the objectives of the program primarily in terms of removing
barriers facing developers and users of innovative technologies. OPA conducted
and promoted the use of quality economic tools and information in policy
analysis. Analyses on the economic social benefits and costs of environmental
regulations focused on the Clean Water Act (CWA), Clean Air Act (CAA), and waste
programs (RCRA, CERCLA). OPA supported research and workshops on the inter-
relationships between sustainable economic activity and environmental
requirements. Studies on valuing the economic value of ecological systems
provided methods and data necessary to develop national environmental accounts,
to measure both domestic and international economic and environmental performance
and to evaluate the influence of environmental policies on U.S. competitiveness.
OPA focussed its air pollution efforts on identifying and analyzing high-
risk areas. A study of the cumulative exposure to toxics identified high-risk
communities. OPA initiated PM-10 studies providing critical information on the
necessity of controlling coarse wind-blown crustal material.
Analyses were performed which pursued cost-effective and risk-based
policies targeting the most important ecological resources. OPA evaluated water
quality management options for a revised CWA, assessed options under the Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA) . OPA analyzed the reauthorization of the conservation
provisions of the 1995 Farm Bill and the environmental impacts of alternative
approaches to farmer income support. Livestock pollution work expanded to
include swine and poultry operations. OPA made refinements in the dietary and
ecological models developed for the "Crop by Crop" approach. OPA expanded
efforts to quantitatively assess ecological risks as a result of chemical
loadings in the environment in an effort to promote full and diverse ecosystems
(providing the analytic framework to devise policy responses to effectively
support the needs of highly impacted communities and populations).
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Office of Regulatory Management and Evaluation
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,581,500 and 57.7 total workyears for this
program, of which $4,826,400 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $4,755,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $422,600 for Program and Research
Operations, an increase of $2,842,500 for Abatement, Control and Compliance and
a decrease of 1.3 total workyears. The increase in Program and Research
Operations reflects increased personnel costs and travel for non-Federal
representatives who donate their time to participate in the regulatory
negotiation FACAs as well as travel to support Electronic Data Interchange
activities. The increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance will support the
development of a new national program to support the work of the Regions, as well
as state and local partners, in implementation of the ecosystem approach. This
program will foster information exchange, identify tools from the social,
biological, and information sciences best designed to address ecosystem
problems, and help Regions and other partners overcome barriers to the ecosystem
approach.
The Office of Regulatory Management and Evaluation (ORME) will manage EPA's
regulation development and analysis process, continuing to refine it in response
to the National Performance Review and other new statutory developments. ORME
will continue to promote cross-media consistency and cost-sensitive regulations
through support of Agency-wide sectoral teams. ORME will assist in early
identification and resolution of contentious regulatory issues and the promotion
and use of public consultation and negotiation processes. It will ensure Agency
compliance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 and Executive Orders 12866
and 12612. ORME will continue to implement the Regulatory Flexibility Act
guidelines in order to promote increased sensitivity to the impacts of EPA
regulations on small business and small communities, and will lead EPA's efforts
to reduce regulation burdens on society by eliminating duplication or unnecessary
recordkeeping. Further implementation of the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
initiative will involve increasing the number of state and regulated company EDI
participants for the hazardous waste manifest and trans-border hazardous waste
reporting programs, the water discharge monitoring report, air emissions
inventory reporting, and municipal drinking water system laboratory reports. EDI
efforts will also support the Administrator's Common Sense Initiative and the
Agency's Information Resource Management (IRM) Strategic Plan.
ORME will also perform analysis and other activities that assist
Headquarters and Regional program managers to support the effective and efficient
implementation of ecosystem protection approaches to environmental protection.
The focus of these efforts will be on overcoming institutional and policy
barriers. This approach will reach across all pertinent Federal agencies as well
as non-governmental organizations and other groups external to the Agency with
an interest in environmental protection in particular places of concern. ORME
will help Regions and programs develop and use new analytical tools (models and
methods) for ecological assessment and management at the watershed and ecosystem
level. It will continue implementing training in ecological risk and decision
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making and developing new guidance for communicating with the public on
ecological issues and involving them in decision making.
Explanation of Change -1.3 FTE +$422.6K (PRO) +$2,842.5K (AC&C)
The $422,600 increase in Program and Research Operations will support
projected increases in personnel salary and benefit costs and travel costs for
FACAs and EDI. Resources for FACA travel will support ORME's Regulatory
Negotiation and other consensus-based decision processes that involve members of
the public in face-to-face dialogue with EPA regulators. A $2,000,000
investment will implement an environmentally-focused component of the National
and Community Service Trust Act which reflects the President's commitment to
provide meaningful public service opportunities for college-bound students. Ah
$800,000 increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance will support the Agency's
ecosystem protection initiatives. Activities will promote development of methods
to integrate methods and tools from the social, biological, and information
sciences for more effective implementation of the ecosystem approach. It will
also support new mechanisms to coordinate the activities of national program and
regional offices in advancing the ecosystem approach and new mechanisms to
communicate about this approach with different sectors of the public. In 1996,
as part of the Agency's IRM Strategic Planning process, EDI will receive funds
to support an initiative which will promote EDI outreach to Regions, states and
industries throughout the country. The goal of this initiative is to assist them
in reducing paperwork by adopting a standards-based approach to the electronic
reporting of environmental data. ORME will disinvest in the Risk Communication
Project in order to concentrate a critical mass of resources needed to promote
ecosystem protection.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,316,400 supported by 59.0
total workyears for this program, of which $4,403,800 is from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $1,912,600 is from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
ORME manages EPA's regulation development and analysis process, continuing
to refine it in response to Executive Order 12866, the National Performance
Review, and new statutory developments. ORME is providing management and
technical support to the Deputy Administrator and other managers involved in the
Agency's effort to improve the quality of policy and regulator}^ decisions through
increasing the use of cross-media sectors and public consultation and
negotiations. ORME continues to lead the Agency's initiative to streamline EPA's
regulation development process to facilitate earlier identification of issues and
delegation of rulemaking authority to the lowest levels of the Agency consistent
with the development of quality rules. It is implementing EDI, especially in the
areas of hazardous waste manifest reporting (including maquiladora hazardous
waste manifest), air emissions inventory reporting, the NPDES discharge
monitoring report and municipal drinking water systems laboratory reporting.
Through application of EDI and related technologies, OBUE is developing
strategies to streamline reporting requirements for certain industry sectors.
Through a workgroup process, ORME is also conducting needs
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assessment/requirements analyses for Agency policies that address legal
requirement for electronic compliance reporting.
In the interests of streamlining and restructuring, ORME has shifted
resources to focus more on ecosystems policy development and re-oriented the
functions of the Program Evaluation Division in 1995 to perform analysis and
activities that assist Headquarters and Regional program managers in the
implementation of ecosystem protection and management. These efforts focus
internally, identifying and analyzing Agency ecosystem protection/management
tools as well as barriers to and management needs for achieving ecological and
other place-specific goals. The Risk Communication Project (RCP) is conducting
a series of activities to prepare for a complete disinvestment in this activity
by 1996. First, RCP is establishing mechanisms for disseminating the results
from its current research projects to interested Programs and Regions so that
this information will be put to constructive use. Second, OPPE will continue to
sponsor training in risk communication methods so needed skills can be retained
in this important area of public involvement, Agency employees can continue to
receive risk training. Background materials on the course are also being made
available to interested Programs and Regions. Technical assistance on specific
risk communication activities, including active support to communications on lead
poisoning, pesticides, and dioxin, will be phased out by mid-1995.
The National Service Program (NSP), in support of President Clinton's
National Service Initiative, moved from the Office of the Administrator to OPPE.
The NSP was established in 1994, and the two-member centralized staff will work
out of ORME to matrix-manage and implement the NSP through EPA program and
Regional offices.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $5,777,900 and 52.7 total
workyears for this program, of which, $3,828,200 was from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation, and $1,949,700 was from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance program. In 1994, ORME completed three negotiated rulemakings,
two of which reached consensus, one of which made considerable progress in
narrowing issues of concern. Two policy dialogues were completed, both of which
narrowed the issues of concern without reaching definitive recommendations to the
Agency. One negotiated rulemaking was begun and will continue in 1995. The
Program is assisting the White House on the policy dialogue to define options for
reducing greenhouse gas emissions from personal motor vehicles. ORME chaired a
FACA committee and successfully gained consensus on a final agreement document
to amend the Hazardous Waste Manifest regulations. The amendments would
establish a truly uniform manifesting system across the country saving money for
industry and the states and -providing a platform for a standardized higher
quality data base on shipments of hazardous waste. ORME completed development
of Agency-wide guidance for the new Regulatory and Policy Development Process
(actual implementation of the new system began in June, 1994) and coordinated the
tiering of 352 rules in round one and 85 in round two.
Beginning in the first quarter of 1994, a working partnership between the
US maquiladora industry, the State of Texas, US Customs, SEDESOL (EPA's
counterpart in Mexico), EPA Region VI, OECA and OPPE was established to look at
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ways to streamline transboundary hazardous waste compliance systems through
electronic reporting. The existing processes are quite complex, and so far the
transboundary hazardous waste workgroup has identified between 2 and 3 dozen
paper forms, notifications, and certifications required to ship hazardous wastes
from Mexico to the US. An electronic format has been developed that will satisfy
EPA and Texas hazardous waste manifesting requirements.
ORME continued to provide risk communication and public involvement
training to EPA Headquarters and Regional staff, and funded a national conference
on the long and short-term needs of risk communication practitioners. ORME
continued to support basic research on how to communicate clearly about
scientific uncertainty, helped the Agency develop two new brochures on lead
poisoning, and provided technical assistance on effectively communicating the
results of the dioxin reassessment. ORME published "A Fish Consumption Survey
of the Umatilla, Nez Perce, Yakama, and Warm Springs Tribes of the Columbia River
Basin" published under a Cooperative Agreement with the Columbia River Inter-
Tribal Commission (CRITC). ORME published with ORD "Managing Ecological Risks
at EPA: Issues and Recommendations for Progress." ORME also led the team that
published the "Quality Action Team Report on Peer Review and Public Involvement"
and held a dry-run of its Ecological Risk and Decision-making Workshop attended
by representatives of all Regions and program offices.
Accomplishments in program evaluation include: conduct of six case studies
of EPA's Eastern Europe, Soviet Union, and Technical Assistance (EESUTA) Program
with findings and conclusions for improving program implementation in the field;
a review of six key policy issues facing the EESUTA program, with recommendations
for policy positions to maintain and improve program effectiveness; conduct of
a nationwide survey of all states' management of programs for smaller NPDES
facilities with a report prepared for the Office of Water; review of Regional
Office views of OPPE work and performance and recommendation of steps for
addressing OPPE Regional interaction issues; as part of the Science Advisory
Board's (SAB's) Reinvention Project, interview of Agency managers and key staff
regarding policy and process implementation issues facing the SAB - ORME reported
Agency views to the SAB's Reinvention Committee; issuance of a report on EPA
staff and managers' views regarding the first and second rounds of tiering in the
Agency's new Regulatory and Policy Development Process.
Office of Strategic Planning and Environmental Data
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,480,000 and 63.0 total workyears for this
program, of which $4,894,400 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $4,585,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $282,800 for Program and Research
Operations and an increase of $280,300 for Abatement, Control and Compliance and
a decrease of 4.2 total workyears. The increase in Program and Research
Operations reflects projected personnel salary and benefit costs, fully funded
contractor conversion workyears, and increased travel resources for FACA. The
$280,300 increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance and will help implement
elements of the Agency's high priority Information Resources Management (IRM)
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strategic plan. The decrease in total workyears reflects resource shifts to
support Agency priorities.
In 1996, the Office of Strategic Planning and Environmental Data (OSPED)
will continue to manage the Agency's strategic planning and management systems
and promote the use of comparative risk for planning and implementation; and
house the Agency's core statistical expertise and develop environmental
indicators and national and regional assessments of environmental status and
trends to inform Agency management decisions. OSPED will support the continuing
improvement of risk-based strategic plans for the Agency, media offices, and
Regions, with greater emphasis on how to set and achieve measurable environmental
goals. OSPED will ensure that Agency planning priorities are appropriately
reflected in the Agency's budget and program implementation, and expand use of
risk-based priority setting and risk management strategies in EPA Headquarters
and Regions, states, and tribal, and local governments. OSPED will develop and
implement improved methods for establishing environmental management strategies
and priorities using comparative risk studies in local areas, with emphasis on
environmental equity, in cooperation with other Federal agencies. They will
develop and implement ways to use comparative risk and other planning tools to
enhance sustainable development projects at the local level. Working with OARM
and other parts of the Agency to implement the Government Performance and Results
Act (GPRA), OSPED will strengthen the Agency's data management systems for
reporting on progress on the basis of environmental results. OSPED will support
and guide the implementation of EPA's Five-Year Information Resource Management
(IRM) Strategic Plan. This will involve accelerating Agency-wide development of
environmental indicators, acquiring new information and developing analytical
methods, as well as integrating the Agency's information gathering efforts.
In 1996, OPPE will continue to lead EPA with development and implementation
of national measurable environmental goals. The goals will serve as a focal
point for developing consensus among EPA, other agencies, states and the public
on the directions and strategies the nation needs to take in addressing our major
environmental problems. They will also be used to drive internal Agency
evaluations of program success, with measures of progress towards goals being
used together with traditional measures of activities accomplished in Agency-wide
management accountability systems starting in 1995. OSPED will develop national,
regional, and geographic-specific State of the Environment Reports, as well as
state-of-the-art statistical methods to analyze environmental data, and provide
Agency scientists and analysts with "transportable" statistical tools for use by
EPA, states, local governments, and non-governmental organizations. Through
cooperative efforts with universities and other entities, it will develop new and
efficient statistical methods and procedures for environmental analysis and data
visualization and presentation. OSPED will prepare reports of environmental
conditions and trends for EPA decisionmaking. It will participate/represent the
United States on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
and the United Nations Statistical Commission, and work with the Bureau of
Economic Analysis, other Federal agencies, and EPA economists on development of
a U.S. approach to environmental accounting and indicators of sustainable
development.
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Explanation of Change -4.2 FTE +$282.8K (PRO) +$280.3K (AC&C)
The $282,800 increase in the Program Research and Operations appropriation
will support projected increases in personnel salary and benefit costs, full
funding for contractor conversions workyears, and increased FACA travel resources
for non-Federal employees to participate on OSPED's Statistical Advisory
Committee. In the pursuit of streamlining and restructuring, OSPED will reduce
its total workyears by 4.2, shifting resources to support the Agency's Strategic
Plan and guiding principles. A $280,300 increase in Abatement, Control and
Compliance help implement elements of the Agency's high priority Information
Resources Management (IRM) Strategic Plan. Elements of the Strategic Plan are
aimed at developing the information capabilities to manage for environmental
results. This shift will allow OSPED to coordinate the Agency efforts to
accelerate Agency-wide development and reporting of environmental indicators,
acquire new information and develop analytical methods needed to report on
environmental status, trends and program progress. This will better integrate
the Agency's many information gathering efforts along with those of other Federal
agencies to better serve the environmental decisionmaking and. reporting needs of
Federal, state and local environmental managers, and the information needs of the
public.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,916,900 supported by 67.2
total workyears for this program, of which $4,611,600 is from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $4,305,300 is from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
OSPED manages and develops the Agency-wide strategic planning process with
a major focus on the development of environmental goals and the appropriate use
of environmental indicators to track progress toward those goals. OSPED
evaluates the relationship between specific environmental strategies and their
impact on environmental results. OSPED integrates the national and Regional
assessment of relative risks into the planning process and establishes risk-based
priorities for the Agency budget process. It also promotes state comparative
risk projects, the results of which are incorporated into Regional planning and
grant processes. OSPED is building and expanding on these activities to address
the upcoming implementation of GPRA and EPA's involvement in GPRA's pilot phase.
OSPED's information and statistical activities are directed towards
developing Agency-wide standards and criteria for assessing the quality of EPA
data and the appropriate use of statistical methodologies in developing
environmental indicators and other measures of environmental quality and
progress. OSPED works closely with Agency programs to develop sound
methodological approaches for improving the quality of the data collected by the
Agency. Through the development of environmental directories, indicator reports,
and State of the Environment (SOE) reports, OSPED provides the environmental
community at large, including decisionmakers, the general public, academia, etc. ,
with easy public access to credible environmental information for the United
States. OSPED is working on approaches to characterize the quality of existing
environmental data, both in EPA and other sources (Federal, state, and local),
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to be used in developing baseline measures of national, regional, and state level
environmental conditions and trends (e.g., indicators).
In 1995, through the contractor conversion initiative, OSPED is converting
contract resources to improve the Agency's capabilities to use existing and newly
collected environmental data to support national and regional environmental
problems. This will be accomplished by acquiring in-house expertise in the areas
of data base management, Geographic Information Systems (CIS), desktop mapping
and publishing, computer networking, and statistical analysis.
In 1995 and 1996, OSPED will lead the Agency in instituting the
recommendations in the report (Beyond the Horizon) recently completed by the
Science Advisory Board. The report recommends methods EPA should be using to
promote an anticipatory systematic approach to environmental policy-making.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated $8,528,500 supported by 59.9 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,536,200 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $3,992,300 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
OSPED provided technical assistance in comparative risk and environmental
planning to the states of Arizona, Alaska, California, Florida, Hawaii, Kentucky,
Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Tennessee,
Texas, Utah, Iowa, and New Hampshire. OSPED provided technical assistance to the
cities of Charlottesville, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Houston, Jackson (MI), Seattle,
and Pittsburgh. OSPED also provided technical assistance to a group of Native
American tribes located in the Southwest region of the United States. This
technical assistance has included direct financial support, training, guidance
documents, training materials, and technical advice which has allowed the states,
localities, and tribes to better articulate the environmental risks they face and
to work with diverse groups to address those risks.
During 1994, OSPED updated and published a number of its guides and
electronic documents and data sets,e.g., Guide to Federal Environmental
Statistics (third edition), Guide to Federal Statistics on Water Quality, CD ROMS
containing a number of data sets from a variety of EPA programs (Chesapeake Bay,
Region III Mid-Atlantic Highland). CD's and hardcopy publications were
distributed to an ever growing number of customers (2,000+) including Federal,
state and local government organizations as well as private sector organizations
and individuals. OSPED completed the final draft of the "Conceptual Framework
to Support the Development and Use of Environmental Information" which is
presently going through final edits for publication and distribution.
OSPED established the parallel NAFTA Trilateral Steering Committee for
North American Environmental Information with a highly successful meeting of
delegates from Federal and State agencies of Mexico, Canada, and the United
States in Mexico City. In addition, the U.S. took on responsibility for data and
training as it relates to environmental information needs under NAFTA. The
highly successful Tenth Annual Statistics Conference was held in March with an
increase in regional and state attendance. OSPED established an in-house
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operational data center for managing and publishing environmental information.
We reconvened the NACEPT Advisory committee and consolidated both technical and
user advisory functions into this single group.
OSPED met many of its key goals and objectives relating to strategic
planning, management, and the interface between planning and budget. On behalf
of the Administrator, OSPED worked with OARM and the program offices to develop
EPA's first five-year, agency-wide strategic plan, "The New Generation of
Environmental Protection," which outlined the guiding principles and goals that
EPA will work to attain. This strategic plan helped to guide resource decisions
made for 1995 and 1996. OSPED continued to maintain its management
accountability system, publishing the Agency's 1994 Goals, Objectives, and
Commitments Report and quarterly updates on program progress towards these
commitments. OSPED also worked with EPA program offices to develop GPRA pilots,
evaluate strategies for achieving goals, and examine ways to focus increasingly
on environmental indicators to measure program performance -- key steps towards
EPA's full implementation of GPRA.
Draft National Environmental Goals were developed and discussed in public
roundtables with stakeholder groups, states and EPA Regions. Two state/Regional
environmental indicators workshops were held to facilitate technical transfer
among the Midwest and Mountain states, and among the Western states. A state
environmental indicators project was initiated, to support technical transfer
among EPA, other federal agencies, and all 50 states about on-going indicator
development activities. National environmental indicator development work was
continued with the Office of Water and the Intergovernmental Task Force on Water
Quality Monitoring, with final reports to be completed in 1995. Additional
potential national indicator data sets were screened and selected for cooperative
development work with program offices in indicator display and use designed and
tested with some national, state and local indicator data sets. A Cooperative
Research and Development Act request for proposals was released to support future
private/public development of a commercial version of this software tool.
In 1994, OSPED assisted offices within EPA and outside the Agency to
identify emerging issues, critical trends and strategic opportunities relevant
to environmental planning and decision-making. OSPED also assisted the Office
of Science and Technology Policy in its Futures workshops related to different
aspects of environmental technology.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of International Activities 11-77
Commission on Environmental Cooperation 11-78
Office of International Activities 11-79
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-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of International Activities
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Commission On
Environmental Coop
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$5,000.0 $5,000.0
$5,000.0 $5,000.0
Office of International
Activities
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$6,402.6 $5,488.1 $5,473.3 $5,847.9 $374.6
$14,361.9 $10,516.3 $10,555.2 $9,079.1 -$1,476.1
TOTAL $12,821.5 $20,764.5 $16,004.4 $16,028.5 $14,927.0 -$1,101.5
$5,009.4
$7,812.1
$5,000.0
$5,000.0
-$554.7
-$5,282.8
-$5,837.5
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Agency Management
$5,009.4 $6,402.6 $5,488.1 $5,473.3 $5,847.9 $374.6
$7,812.1 $14,361.9 $10,516.3 $10,555.2 $14,079.1 $3,523.9
TOTAL $12,821.5 $20,764.5 $16,004.4 $16,028.5 $19,927.0 $3,898.5
-$554.7
-$282.8
-$837.5
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Commission On
Environmental Coop
Office of International
Activities
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
62.9
62.9
69.9
69.9
70.9
70.9
69.9
69.9
70.1
70.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Commission On
Environmental Coop
Office of International
Activities
TOTAL WORKYEARS
66.0
66.0
69.9
69.9
74.3
74.3
73.3
73.3
73.3
73.3
3.4
3.4
11-77
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,927,000 and 73.3 workyears for this
program in 1996. Of this amount, $5,847,900 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $14,079,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $374,600 for the
Program and Research Operations appropriation, and an increase of $3,523,900 for
the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation from 1995. There is no
change in workyears.
Commission on Environmental Cooperation
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,000,000 for 1996. This is a new Program
Element in 1996 and includes resources shifted out of the Office of International
Activities Program Element under the same media. Of the request, $5,000,000 will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The North American Agreement for Environmental Cooperation was negotiated
to provide environmental safeguards to the North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA) and to promote level economic competition among the U.S., Canada, and
Mexico. The Agreement provides for a North American Commission for Environmental
Cooperation (NACEC), which will ensure that each country is effectively enforcing
its national environmental laws, facilitate cooperation among the three parties
in addressing environmental problems of mutual concern, arid will serve as a
mechanism for the citizens of all three countries to participate in the shaping
of North American environmental policy. The EPA Administrator has been
designated by the President to serve as the U.S. Representative to the NACEC
Council, which oversees implementation of the Agreement and the operations of the
NACEC. Working with the Office of the Administrator, OIA provides support for
the Administrator's participation on the Council, and coordinates Agency-wide
participation in the NACEC's technical and cooperative activities.
Under the direction of the Assistant Administrator for OIA, EPA will
coordinate U.S. policy with regard to the North American Commission on
Environmental Cooperation (NACEC), including its staffing, budget development,
and work program. OIA will coordinate activities within EPA and with other
Federal agencies to support the Administrator in her role as the U.S.
representative to the NACEC, and will manage the EPA and U.S. Government
participation on technical committees established by the Council to advance the
work of the NACEC. OIA will also provide liaison with the White House in
selecting U.S. membership on the Public Advisory Committees connected with the
NACEC and provide liaison with the National Advisory Council on Environmental
Policy and Technology (NACEPT) in their staffing of the National and Government
Advisory Committees.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
WATER INFRASTRUCTURE 6-1
Water Infrastructure-Municipal Waste Treatment Grants 6-7
Clean Water State Revolving Fund 6-8
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund 6-10
Mexican Border Projects 6-11
Special Needs 6-12
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WATER INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Water Infrastructure 1144,044.8 2549,805.0 2769,305.0 2769,305.0 2365,000.0 -$404,305.0 -$184,805.0
TOTAL, Water Infrastructure 1144,044.8 2549,805.0 2769,305.0 2769,305.0 2365,000.0 -$404,305.0 -$184,805.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS 1978,251.0 2309,263.0 2202,261.0 2202,261.0 2147,389.0 -54,872.0 -161,874.0
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS Authorizing Language is required.
6-1
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WATER INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING
DI FFERENCE
PRES. CURRENT
BUDGET ENACTED ESTIMATE ENACTED VS EST. VS EST. VS
1995 1995 1995 PRES. BUD PRES. BUD ENACTED
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Water Infrastructure 2549,805.0 3769,305.0 2769,305.0 $219,500.0 $219,500.0
TOTAL, Water Infrastructure 2549,805.0 2769,305.0 2769,305.0 $219,500.0 $219,500.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
The following points list the major reasons that the dollars devoted to this media have changed from submission
of the President's 1995 Budget to the 1995 Current Estimate.
Water Infrastructure/State Revolving Fund
o Increase of $684,300,000 for Congressionally directed earmarks for specific special needs programs.
o Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) grants shifted from the Drinking Water media to the Water
Infrastructure media; increase of $11,100,000 for PWSS grants by Congressional direction.
o Congressionally-directed decrease of $364,800,000 from the Clean Water State Revolving Fund Program.
N
6-2
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WATER INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Water Infrastructure Financing (WIF) programs provide financial
assistance to states, localities, and Indian tribes to protect the nation's water
resources by meeting the requirements of the Clean Water Act (CWA) and Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA) . The WIF programs provide funding for: the Clean Water
State Revolving Fund (CW-SRF) program; the Drinking Water SRF (DW-SRF) ; the U.S.-
Mexican Integrated Border Environmental Plan; grants for communities facing
extraordinarily high needs and user charges; and wastewater infrastructure needs
of Alaskan Native Villages.
The CW-SRF and Construction Grants (CG) programs have financed many of the
nation's dramatic improvements in water quality by providing for modern
wastewater treatment facilities (secondary treatment or better). Today, the
nation's network of over 15,000 modern wastewater facilities serves approximately
164 million people and removes billions of tons of harmful pollutants from our
waterways. While our investments have paid off in terms of improved water
quality, human health, and quality of life, we have not finished the work begun
in 1970. A significant portion of our wastewater infrastructure is aging and will
need to be restored or replaced over the next several years. The most recent
survey of municipal water quality infrastructure needs topped $137 billion. By
providing financial assistance through the CW-SRF and special needs programs, the
Agency continues to make progress in protecting and restoring the ecological
integrity of our waters and enhancing the infrastructure system that is
responsible for the improved water quality we enjoy today.
In addition, the Administration has proposed the DW-SRF to address
significant needs faced by municipalities for drinking water infrastructure.
Through this program, states receive grants to capitalize revolving funds to
provide low-interest loans to municipalities for both the construction of
drinking water infrastructure and the improvement of small systems, including
consolidation, to ensure compliance with the SDWA requirements. Although the
Agency has not conducted a drinking water needs survey, preliminary estimates of
needs indicate approximately $9 billion annually for compliance with existing
SDWA regulations.
1996 PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
Clean Water State Revolving Fund
The Administration will continue capitalization of the Clean Water State
Revolving Funds (CW-SRF) to meet the highest priority needs and to maintain our
national investment in wastewater infrastructure. The CW-SRF is a fully
integrated partnership effort between the states, localities, and the Federal
government, which places leadership for this program at the State and local
level. The request includes a set-aside for grants to Indian tribes. At the end
of fiscal year 1995, investments in the CW-SRF program (including Federal
investments, state matching funds, additional contributions, and bond proceeds)
made $15,200,000,000 available for loans. The Federal investment through 1995
6-3
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total approximately $11,000,000,000. For 1996, $1,600,000,000 is requested for
the CW-SRF.
In addressing wastewater infrastructure needs within the fiscal constraints
of our time, EPA continues to look for new and better ways to do business. The
Agency has adopted a "place-based" approach to focus the efforts of all levels
of government and the public on the most serious threats to the most important
ecological resources. As one of EPA's most successful and far reaching
environmental programs, the CW-SRF program continues to fund wastewater treatment
projects in high priority watersheds projects such as storm water runoff,
combined sewer overflows, and the implementation of nonpoint source management
programs. The 1987 amendments to the CWA authorized "treatment as states" for
Indian tribes and Alaskan Native Villages. The Agency reserves funds from the
CW-SRF appropriation for the development and construction of sewage treatment
facilities to serve Indian tribes. The President's Clean Water Initiative to
reauthorize the CWA proposed the doubling of the Indian set-aside under the CW-
SRF that can be made available for the development of waste treatment management
plans and for the construction of sewage treatment works to serve Indian tribes.
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
For 1996, EPA requests $500,000,000 for the DW-SRF program. It is expected
that the DW-SRF will be in its first full year of implementation in 1996. EPA
will work with the states to complete the development of a DW-SRF in each state.
Some states will require only minor work to get DW-SRF programs approved. Other
states, however, will need to make significant legislative/regulatory revisions
to establish a drinking water financial assistance program. Under the DW-SRF
proposal, states may provide loans to both publicly and privately-owned community
water systems and public and non-profit, non-community water systems. As systems
begin construction of drinking water infrastructure projects or, in the case of
small systems, to restructure and consolidate, EPA will provide technical
assistance and training to states in all aspects of the DW-SRF program.
Mexico Border
In support of the U.S.-Mexican Border Environmental Initiative and the
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) , $150,000,000 is requested to support
the planning, design, and construction of high priority wastewater treatment
projects. These facilities will treat sewage discharges which cross the Border
from Mexico and cause waterborne diseases which are currently threatening
populations along the U.S.-Mexican Border. This request also includes funding
for wastewater treatment facilities for colonias in the State of Texas.
Special Needs
In the area of special needs, the Agency is requesting $100,000,000 to be
targeted to communities where documented secondary treatment needs exceed
$2,000,000,000 as reported in EPA's 1992 Needs Survey database as of February 4,
1993 and wastewater user charges for residential use of 7,000 gallons based on
the Ernst & Young National Water and Wastewater 1992 Rate Survey are greater than
0.65 percent of 1989 median household income for the primary metropolitan
statistical areas as measured by the Bureau of Census. An additional $15 million
6-4
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is requested for wastewater infrastructure needs in Alaskan Native Villages.
Environmental Goals
Wastewater infrastructure and other water-related infrastructure projects,
such as nonpoint source controls and estuary management projects, result in
direct water quality improvements through reduced loadings of conventional and
toxic pollutants. The CW-SRF is being integrated into the "community-based"
watershed planning process through the promotion of coordinated priority setting
systems that consider the full spectrum of eligible projects and activities. As
the CW-SRF is made more accessible to small and disadvantaged communities, the
benefits of clean surface waters will be extended to these communities as well.
Upon enactment of authorizing legislation, the Drinking Water State
Revolving Fund program will provide loans to public water systems for
infrastructure investment, particularly to achieve compliance with safe drinking
water standards.
The Mexico Border program is a major ecosystem and environmental justice
effort predicated on partnerships between local communities, counties, states and
the Federal governments on both sides of the border. Infrastructure investments
along the U.S./Mexican Border will alleviate very serious human health and
ecological problems. Because of inadequate or non-existent sewage treatment
facilities in many of the Mexican Border communities, raw or poorly treated
municipal and industrial waste travels northward and directly affects
international waters or waters of the U.S., including the Rio Grande and the San
Diego Bay Estuary. In the process, communities on both sides of the border are
threatened by water-borne diseases and contaminated drinking water supplies.
U.S. colonias settlements suffer from high rates of disease due to lack of
.adequate sewage treatment facilities.
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6-6
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WATER INFRASTRUCTURE
Water Infrastructure-Municipal Waste Treatment Grants
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Clean Water
State Revolving Fund
Program & Special
Projects
Water Infrastructure 1086,044.8 1600,000.0 1235,200.0 1235,200.0 1600,000.0 $364,800.0
TOTAL 1086,044.8 1600,000.0 1235,200.0 1235,200.0 1600,000.0 $364,800.0
Drinking Water - SRF
Water Infrastructure $700,000.0 $700,000.0 $700,000.0 $500,000.0 -$200,000.0 -$200,000.0
TOTAL $700,000.0 $700,000.0 $700,000.0 $500,000.0 -$200,000.0 -$200,000.0
Mexican Border Projects
Water Infrastructure $58,000.0 $149,805.0 $149,805.0 $149,805.0 $150,000.0 $195.0 $195.0
TOTAL $58,000.0 $149,805.0 $149,805.0 $149,805.0 $150,000.0 $195.0 $195.0
Special Projects
Water Infrastructure $100,000.0 $684,300.0 $684,300.0 $115,000.0 -$569,300.0 $15,000.0
TOTAL $100,000.0 $684,300.0 $684,300.0 $115,000.0 -$569,300.0 $15,000.0
TOTAL:
Water Infrastructure 1144,044.8 2549,805.0 2769,305.0 2769,305.0 2365,000.0 -$404,305.0 -$184,805.0
Water Infrastructure TOTAL 1144,044.8 2549,805.0 2769,305.0 2769,305.0 2365,000.0 -$404,305.0 -$184,805.0
Municipal Waste
Treatment Grants
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WASTEWATER INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING
Water Infrastructure
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,365,000,000 in the Water
Infrastructure/State Revolving Fund (WI/SRF) appropriation. This represents a
decrease of $404,305,000 for the Water Infrastructure/State Revolving Fund
appropriation. Nonpoint source management grants ($100,000,000) under section
319 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) , Water Quality Management Cooperative Agreements
($22,500,000), and Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) Grants ($70,000,000),
which were previously funded in the WI/SRF, have been transferred to the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Nonpoint Source Management
Grants and Water Quality Management Cooperative Agreements are described under
the Water Quality Media. PWSS grants are described under the Drinking Water
Media.
Clean Water State Revolving Fund
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,600,000,000 for this program, all of
which will be for the Water Infrastructure/State Revolving Fund appropriation.
The Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CW-SRF) has and continues to be a
primary driving force behind improvements to our water resources. To further
improve the effectiveness of this successful program, the Agency will continue
with the work begun in 1995 to integrate this program and its vast financial
resources into the overall watershed approach.
The CW-SRF is a fully integrated partnership effort between the states,
localities, and the federal government. The nature of this partnership places
primary responsibility for this program at the state and local level. The
federal government provides financial and technical assistance for wastewater and
other infrastructure proj ects , including nonpoint sources , estuaries, stormwater,
and combined sewer overflows. Environmental infrastructure projects such as
these contribute to direct ecosystem improvements through reduced loadings of
conventional and toxic pollutants in all types of surface waters.
The focus of our efforts in 1996 will be to complete the integration of the
CW-SRF program into the watershed approach. In order to fully implement this
"community-based" approach, EPA will provide guidance and work with states to
improve and expand their priority-setting systems (currently priority-setting
systems generally include only traditional wastewater projects). Emphasis will
be placed on including both traditional and "non-traditional" eligible activities
within the priority setting framework . Further emphasis will be placed on
directing financial resources to targeted watersheds and to the highest priority
projects within those watersheds.
One of the Agency's most significant environmental justice efforts
continues to be the Indian Set-Aside Grants program. In its Clean Water
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Initiative for the reauthorization of the CWA, the Administration has requested
an increase of the set-aside for this program to better address the very serious
health problems that Indian Tribes and Alaskan Native Villages are facing because
of the lack of basic sewage treatment. The Agency will continue to work with the
Indian Health Service and the Tribal community to provide needed financial
assistance. Additionally, the Agency will expand its efforts to meet the needs
of small and disadvantaged communities which may have difficulty accessing the
SRF program. Such communities are in need of technical and financial assistance
to manage the environmental and administrative tasks necessary to receive an SRF
loan and begin construction of a project.
The Water Quality Cooperative Agreements under section 104(b)(3) of the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, formerly located in this program
element, have been moved to the Water Quality Cooperative Agreements program
element, and are funded from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
in the Water Quality Media.
Explanation of Change 0.0 FTE +$364,800.OK (WI/SRF)
The increase of $364,800,000 for the CW-SRF will continue the
capitalization of this high priority program. The goal is to continue
capitalization of the CW-SRF program to such a level that the state programs are
able to provide in excess of $2.0 billion in loans on an annual basis for the
foreseeable future.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $1,235,200,000, all of which is for the
CW-SRF program. The Administration has proposed continued capitalization of the
Clean Water State Revolving Funds through 2004. During 1995, the program is.
providing funding to further establish the SRFs as self-sustaining loan funds to
address traditional wastewater and non-traditional water quality needs. These
funds provide low-cost financial assistance to municipalities for the design and
construction of wastewater infrastructure and to solve other water quality
problems, including stormwater runoff, combined sewer overflows (CSOs) , .sanitary
sewer overflows (SSOs) , nonpoint source pollution, estuarine management, and
other eligible activities.
During 1995, the Agency is working with our state and local partners to
begin integrating the State Revolving Fund program into the watershed approach.
Ultimately, as states collect data on the ecological health of individual
watersheds, priorities will be determined through the use of an ecological risk
assessment method. Locally-based working groups composed of federal, state, and
local governments as well as citizens groups will develop action plans, gain
commitments for action, and begin implementation. To support the watershed
approach, EPA is issuing guidance on developing watershed-based priorities for
SRF loans. This guidance will also promote the use of SRF loans for
nontraditional projects that are consistent with watershed priorities.
Because of the continuing severe health problems being faced by Indian
Tribes and Alaskan Native Villages, the Administration has requested that the
Indian set-aside amount be increased from 0.5 percent to 1 percent of the SRF
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Appropriation. The Water Quality Program is further exploring innovative
financing and other techniques to address the problems of small and disadvantaged
communities.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $1,086,044,800 for this program in 1994,
all of which was from the Water Infrastructure/State Revolving Fund
appropriation. This program funded capitalization grants for the CW-SRF. All
states and Puerto Rico were operating successful CW-SRFs in 1994.
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $500,000,000, all of which will be for the
Water Infrastructure/State Revolving Fund appropriation. The request is a
decrease of $200,000,000 from 1995. Once the DW-SRF is authorized, these funds
will allow states to fund drinking water infrastructure improvements, thereby,
providing added protection measures for public health.
The Federal government's commitment to safe drinking water is reflected in
its support of state programs for low interest loans to systems that need to
install or improve treatment facilities. The fund will provide loans, through
state DW-SRF programs, for constructing needed improvements to drinking water
systems and for restructuring small systems (including consolidation) to improve
compliance. The DW-SRF programs are fund is self sustaining in the long term and
will directly help to offset rising costs of new SDWA requirements and to assist
small communities in meeting the requirements of this program.
Explanation of Change $-200,000.0 K (WI/SRF)
The 1996 request is a net decrease of $200,000,000 from the DW SRF.
Authorization of the DW SRF is not expected until 1995; therefore, most state
programs will not be ready to implement the program until well into 1996.
$1,299,000,000 has already been appropriated for this program and is being held
pending authorization.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $700,000,000 for this program,
$700,000,000 of which is for the Water Infrastructure/State Revolving Fund
appropriation.
Since EPA anticipates authorization for the DW-SRF program in 1995, the
Drinking Water Program is spending considerable time developing the policy and
administrative considerations necessary to implement the new DW-SRF. EPA is
working closely with the states to determine eligibilities and availability of
fund dollars. States must revise existing SRF programs, where necessary, to make
drinking water projects eligible for funding. In those states not needing any
revisions, program priorities, policies and guidance must be established so that
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states will have appropriate mechanisms in place to fund drinking water projects
as expeditiously as possible.
Since this is a new program, the infrastructure needs for drinking water
have not been well documented. However, recent estimates project the level of
needs at approximately $9 billion annually to comply with current Safe Drinking
Water Act requirements.
1994 Accomplishments
No resources were obligated for this program in 1994, even though
$599,000,000 were appropriated for this program. There was no authorization for
the program in 1994.
Mexican Border Projects
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $150,000,000 for this program, all of which
will be from the Water Infrastructure/State Revolving Fund appropriation. These
funds support the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the
U.S./Mexican Border Plan for the planning, design and construction of wastewater
treatment projects along the Border.
The communities along both sides of the U.S./Mexican Border are facing
unusual human health and environmental threats because of the lack of adequate
wastewater and drinking water infrastructure. Because many of the rivers in this
area flow north, or in the case of the Rio Grande, form the international border,
untreated domestic and industrial wastes contaminate both sides of the Border.
The Agency will continue to provide infrastructure funding for wastewater
treatment plants along the Mexican Border. In 1996 the Border Environment
Cooperation Commission (BECC) should be fully operational. EPA and the BECC will
work together in setting priorities for funding wastewater infrastructure
projects along the U.S./Mexican Border. The Agency will allocate $100,000,000
for projects selected by EPA and the BECC. These projects will address the
serious water quality problems caused by the discharge of untreated or
inadequately treated domestic and industrial wastewaters flowing from Mexico
which threaten international and U.S. waters.
The Agency will continue to support bringing wastewater treatment to the
U.S. colonias settlements along the Border in Texas. A total of $50,000,000 will
be allocated to address the very serious human health and environmental threats
being faced by these disadvantaged communities on the U.S. side of the Border.
These funds have to be matched by an equal amount of State funds.
Explanation of Change 0.0 FTE +$195.OK (WI/SRF)
No procurement savings will be assumed for this program in 1996.
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1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $149,805,000 for this program, all of
which is from the Water Infrastructure/State Revolving Fund appropriation.
The Agency continues to provide funding support for the planning, design,
construction and upgrading of wastewater treatment facilities located along the
U.S./Mexican Border. The Water Quality Program is providing program oversight
and technical assistance to address the major water-related sanitation issues
raised by the Integrated Border Environmental Plan (IBEP). The IBEP was jointly
developed by EPA and the Government of Mexican with environmental objectives that
are consistent with objectives of the North American Free Trade Agreement.
In 1995, funds are targeted to address major environmental and public
health problems associated with inadequate or non-existent sewage treatment in
the Mexican Border area. Projects in this effort include $52,500,000 to continue
the design and construction of the international wastewater treatment facility
needed to treat raw sewage from Tijuana, Mexico which threatens the National
Estuarine Reserve near San Diego. $49,805,000 is targeted to the U.S. colonias
for the design and construction of wastewater treatment systems. $47,500,000 is
targeted to plan, design and construct wastewater treatment facilities at high
priority sites along the U.S./Mexican Border.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $58,000,000 for this program, all of which
was from the Water Infrastructure/State Revolving Fund appropriation.
Authorizing legislation for 1995 released $60,000,000 in 1994 funds to support
water infrastructure financing ($50,000,000 for the colonias in Texas, and
$10,000,000 for the colonias in New Mexico) . The Agency continued the design and
construction of the international wastewater treatment facility needed to treat
raw sewage from Tijuana, Mexico which threatens the National Estuarine Reserve
near San Diego. Construction began on the South Bay-Tijuana International
Wastewater Treatment Plant in July, with completion of the first phase to occur
in late 1995. The Agency obtained a Presidential designation allowing San Diego
city to manage construction of the plant's ocean outfall.
Special Needs Programs
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $115,000,000 for this program, all of which
is from the Water Infrastructure/State Revolving Fund appropriation. Of these
funds, $100,000,000 will be targeted to communities where documented secondary
treatment needs exceed $2,000,000,000 as reported in EPA's 1992 Needs Survey
database as of February 4, 1993 and wastewater user charges for residential use
of 7,000 gallons based on the Ernst & Young National Water and Wastewater 1992
Rate Survey are greater than 0.65 percent of 1989 median household income for the
primary metropolitan statistical areas as measured by the Bureau of Census..
The remaining $15,000,000 will be for making grants to address the special
wastewater treatment needs of Alaskan Native Villages. There are 189 Alaskan
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Native Villages, which are home to a population of 20,000 and include 4,700
households. The current basic sanitation systems employed by these villages are
inadequate and the occurrence of contamination and communicable diseases, such
as meningitis and hepatitis A, is high. These grants will assist these small
communities in solving their sanitation-related problems.
Explanation of Change 0.0 FTE -$569,300.OK (WI/SRF)
This represents a decrease of $569,300,000 from 1995 to 1996. The
reduction reflects the discontinuation of Congressionally directed projects.
1995 Program
All of the funding for this program in 1995 is in the form of
Congressionally directed projects to address the wastewater infrastructure needs
of certain specific communities.
Congressional Directives: A total of $684,300,000. is for Congressionally
directed grants to cities: $100,000,000 for Boston, MA; $40,000,000 for San
Francisco, CA; $25,000,000 for the Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago,
II; $37,000,000 for Waterloo, IA; $10,000,000 for Portland, OR; $5,700,000 for
St. Louis, MO.; $3,700,000 for Flowood, MS; $12,000,000 for South Valley, New
Mexico; $15,000,000 for State of Alaska; $5,000,000 for Freemont, NE; $6,000,000
for Kearney, NE; $6,000,000 for Anne Arundel County, MD; $3,000,000 for Kansas,
City, KS; $1,300,000 for Topeka, KS; $45,500,000 for San Diego, CA; $20,000,000
for Warren County, NY; $75,000,000 for the Rouge River wet weather demonstration
project in Michigan; $20,000,000 for Columbus, GA; $1,000,000 for Jacksonville
Beach, FL; $3,200,000 for Mt. Pleasant, NJ; $3,200,000 for Mt. Arlington, NJ;
$10,000,000 for Apple Valley, CA; $30,000,000 for Lackawanna, PA; $3,800,000 for
Gardner, MA; $6,000,000 for Bosque Farms, NM; $29,900,000 for Tampa and St.
Petersburg, FL; $60,000,000 for the Westerly Wastewater treatment plant in
Cleveland, OH; $44,300,000 for Newark, NJ; $6,000,000 for Biddeford, ME;
6,000,000 for Bangor, ME; $8,200,000 or Laredo, TX; $5,000,000 for Pima County,
AZ; $3,500,000 for Bernalillo County, NM; $4,600,000 for Dona Ana County, NM;
$1,500,000 for Fall River, MA; $1,500,000 for New Bedford, MA; $3,500,000 for
Mifflin County, PA; $4,300,000 for Clearfield County, PA; $200,000 for Southern
Fulton County, PA; $6,500,000 for Blair County, PA; $2,000,000 for Yolo and Lake
Counties, CA; $1,900,000 for the Jordan River restoration project in Utah; and
$8,000,000 for Ogden, UT. An additional $97,305,000 was appropriated for Mexican
Border projects, and is discussed in that program element.
1994 Accomplishments
In the 1994 Appropriation, $440,000,000 in Congressionally directed funds
were reserved for hardship communities until enactment of authorizing
legislation. The 1995 Appropriation released the 1994 funds to support water
infrastructure financing of "needy cities" which include $150,000,000 for Boston;
$70,000,000 for New York City; $50,000,000 for the City of Los Angeles;
$50,000,000 for Los Angeles County; $35,000,000 for King County, WA (Seattle);
and $85,000,000 for Rouge River wet weather demonstration project in Michigan.
An additional $60,000,000 was appropriated for Mexican Border projects and is
discussed in that program element.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
PESTICIDES 7-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research 7-11
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Generic Chemical Review 7-23
Generic Chemical Review 7-24
Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances 7-29
Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances 7-30
Pesticides Program Implementation 7-35
Pesticides Program Implementation 7-36
Pesticides Program Implementation Grants 7-40
Working Capital Fund-Pesticides 7-44
Working Capital Fund - Pesticides 7-45
ENFORCEMENT
Pesticides Enforcement 7-47
Pesticides Enforcement 7-49
Pesticides Enforcement Grants 7-51
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APPROPRIATION
PESTICIDES
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Program & Research
operation - Flood
Reimbursements
TOTAL, Pesticides
$52,942.3 $56,508.3 $55,636.6 $55,340.7 $60,344.3 $5,003.6 $3,836.0
$59,772.0 $38,214.0 $33,635.8 $32,865.9 $41,238.3 $8,372.4 $3,024.3
$7,335.1 $9,173.3 $7,081.1 $7,015.2 $7,445.8 $430.6 -$1,727.5
$42.9
$120,092.3 $103,895.6 $96,353.5 $95,221.8 $109,028.4 $13,806.6 $5,132.8
FIFRA Revolving Fund
$13,413.2
$13,505.5
-$13,505.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
973.5
998.4
1,007.6
1,007.6
1,049.9
1,064.6
1,034.3
1,048.7
1,027.0
1,036.2
-7.3
-12.5
19.4
28.6
$119,538.2 $102,544.4 $95,531.6 $93,504.3 $104,294.2 $10,789.9 $1,749.8
Authorization for the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) expired
on September 30, 1991. Reauthorization is pending. The Environmental Research,
Development and Demonstration Act expired September 30, 1981. Reauthorization is pending.
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PESTICIDES
DI FFERENCE
PRES. CURRENT
BUDGET ENACTED ESTIMATE
1995 1995 1995
ENACTED VS
PRES. BUD
EST. VS
PRES. BUD
EST. VS
ENACTED
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Program & Research
operation - Flood
Reimbursements
TOTAL, Pesticides
$56,508.3 $55,636.6 $55,340.7 -$871.7 -$1,167.6 -$295.9
$38,214.0 $33,635.8 $32,865.9 -$4,578.2 -$5,348.1 -$769.9
$9,173.3 $7,081.1 $7,015.2 -$2,092.2 -$2,158.1 -$65.9
$103,895.6 $96,353.5 $95,221.8 -$7,542.1 -$8,673.8 -$1,131.7
FIFRA Revolving Fund
$13,505.5
$13,505.5 $13,505.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
1,007.6
1,007.6
1,049.9
1,064.6
1,034.3
1,048.7
42.3
57.0
26.7
41.1
-15.6
-15.9
The following points list the major reasons that the dollars devoted to this media have changed from the
submission of the President's FY 1995 Budget Request to the FY 1995 Current Estimate.
PROGRAM AND RESEARCH OPERATIONS
o
Funds were redistributed for contractor conversion workyears and higher priority Agency activities such
as the Worker Protection Standards.
Funds were decreased as part of a general reduction required by Public Law No. 103-327.
ABATEMENT, CONTROL AND COMPLIANCE
o
Funds were redistributed from lower to higher priority program activities such as the Worker Protection
Standards.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM AND RESEARCH OPERATIONS
o
Congressional action has resulted in reductions in the Program and Research Operations (PRO) account
within the Infrastructure issue.
The distribution of PRO dollars associated with the Agency's contract reform initiative has impacted
account balances within the Infrastructure issue.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
o
Congressional action to ORD's Research and Development (R&D) account has resulted in additional
resources to the Health Effects issue, and reductions to portions of the Biotechnology issue.
Implementation of the Agency's contract reform initiative has impacted account balances within the
Ecosystem Protection, Health Effects, and the Environmental Review of Toxic Chemicals issues.
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PESTICIDES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Pesticides can be both beneficial and hazardous substances. Almost
everyone uses or is exposed to the use of pesticide products. Pesticides are
also major contributors to groundwater pollution and agricultural runoff to
surface water. At the same time, pesticide products provide benefits to society,
contributing to agricultural productivity and controlling human diseases.
EPA's authority to regulate pesticides is set forth in two statutes. The
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) governs the licensing
or registration of pesticide products. Sections 408 and 409 of the Federal Food,
Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) regulate the level of pesticide residues in raw and
processed agricultural commodities.
The Agency's 1996 budget for the pesticide program includes the following
elements: (1) Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances, including
registration of new products and control of pesticide residues in the food chain,
(2) Generic Chemical Review, including review and reregistration of existing
products, (3) Pesticide Program Implementation, including encouragement of
correct uses of pesticides and support to states, (4) Research and Development
to support and improve EPA's ability to evaluate the risks and benefits of
pesticides, and (5) consulting services.
The overall strategy for 1996 focuses on public health and environmental
effects. It emphasizes the following Agency goals: (1) worker protection; (2)
food safety; (3) ecological protection; (4) pollution prevention; and (5)
improved understanding of the environment. These goals will be achieved through
investments for financial and technical assistance to the states to implement the
Worker Protection Standards; through reassessment of the tolerance structure and
expansion of the pesticide exposure database as recommended by the National
Academy of Sciences' (NAS) "Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children"
Study; by building the capacity of states, Regions and tribes to develop and
implement reduced use and integrated pest management programs; and by providing
increased public access to pesticides information.
1996 Program Highlights
Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances
FIFRA and FFDCA authorize EPA to set the terms and conditions of pesticide
registration, marketing, and use. Under the registration program, new pesticide
products are registered on the basis of data reviewed by Agency scientists, and
current registrations are amended to add new uses and/or new formulations.
Manufacturers are required to conduct a full range of health and environmental
testing before marketing their new products. This testing uses sophisticated
methodologies and techniques, enabling the Agency to more accurately determine
the potential for groundwater contamination, residues on food or feed, worker and
applicator exposures, environmental risks, and chronic and acute health hazards.
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The registration program also includes special registration and tolerance-
setting activities. The special registration program continues to perform an
auxiliary function by permitting certain uses of unregistered pesticides for
experimental purposes and emergency pest situations. It also provides technical
review and guidance to state registration and experimental use permit functions.
The tolerance program establishes safe and enforceable maximum permissible
residue levels (or, in some instances, exemptions from tolerance requirements)
for both active and inert pesticide ingredients in or on raw agricultural
commodities and processed foods.
The Reduced Risk Pesticide Policy was initiated as a voluntary program in
1993. Under this initiative, the Agency invited pesticide manufacturers to
submit a scientific rationale, along with their registration application,
outlining how their new active ingredient presents opportunities for reducing
risks to public health and the environment. This program will be expanded beyond
new active ingredients to include new uses of currently-registered products,
new/safer formulations of already-registered pesticides, and other registration-
related activities. The Agency is also focusing on improving pesticide product
labels to provide clear, easy to understand information to pesticide users.
The 1996 budget request emphasizes (1) promotion of safer chemicals into
the market place; (2) reduced pesticide use, including Integrated Pest Management
(IPM); and (3) implementation of the National Academy of Sciences recommendation
for tolerance reassessments and improvements in the pesticide exposure database.
Generic Chemical Review (including Reregistration)
The registrations of the majority of existing pesticide chemicals are
supported by data bases which the Agency has found insufficient by today's
scientific standards to support the required determination of "no unreasonable
adverse effects." The Generic Chemical Review program is designed to remedy this
problem by requiring the upgrading of the scientific data base supporting
registrations, reviewing available data about each chemical, and formulating
scientifically-based regulatory positions to guide the modification,
cancellation, or reregistration of existing products and the registration of new
products. The 1988 FIFRA amendments contain provisions for a greatly accelerated
five-phase reregistration program, expedited processing of certain types of
registration applications, a new system for collecting and administering fees,
and significant revisions to the indemnification and disposal program for
pesticides suspended and canceled after enactment of the 1988 amendments. The
fees mandated by these amendments are to be used to supplement appropriated funds
to carry out reregistration and expedited processing.
The Generic Chemical Review program contributes to the safety of the food
supply through the reregistration program and special reviews, in which
pesticides suspected of causing unreasonable adverse effects undergo intensive
risk/benefit analysis. This may result in changes to the terms and conditions
of their use. The Generic Chemical Review program also includes the disposal
program.
In 1996, the Agency will expand its commitment to reducing the use of
pesticides through an aggressive program which will include projects designed to
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reduce or eliminate urban and agricultural pesticide uses and to foster risk
reduction and pollution prevention. The pesticides program will broaden
activities to enhance its information systems, including initiating efforts to
provide public access to pesticide databases and registration/reregistration
status information on chemicals; and expanding Headquarters technical support to
the Regions in educating the public about and promoting the use of safer
pesticides.
Pesticides Program Implementation
In 1996, the Agency will continue to emphasize the field implementation of
activities related to protection of groundwater, endangered species, and
implementation of the Worker Protection Standards (WPS). Regional and state
implementation of the pesticides programs has risen dramatically with the
implementation of the WPS, the upgrade of certification and training regulations,
the 1991 publication of the groundwater strategy, and increased efforts in
reduced use (including IPM). The scope of the risks from pesticides is
substantial. About 150 pesticides are potential leachers, and 46 have been found
in groundwater; there are 10.5 million private wells and 94,600 community wells
and 130 million people are dependent on groundwater. Approximately 3-4 million
workers, on the approximately one million agricultural establishments in this
country, are exposed to pesticides during application. The Agency is moving away
from the traditional Headquarters command and control approach to a much more
sophisticated geographically-targeted approach in which risk management decisions
are made closer to the source. The resolution of issues involves the Regions,
states, growers, consumers, and public interest groups.
Under this program, EPA is continuing to promote the correct uses of
pesticides. To achieve this goal, EPA has cooperative agreements with state lead
agencies to certify applicators to use Restricted Use Pesticides. EPA provides
grants to the states to support this activity. Certification grants help support
54 applicator certification programs in participating states and territories and
the federally-administered program for commercial applicators in Colorado.
EPA also has an interagency agreement with the U.S. Department of
Agriculture to provide training to pesticide applicators by working through State
Cooperative Extension Services. Regional offices also provide technical
assistance to states and grower organizations on pesticide issues and the
development of state legislative proposals and plans to manage pesticide use as
it affects worker safety, groundwater, and endangered species.
Enforcement
The enforcement provisions of FIFRA are carried out primarily through the
cooperative efforts of the states and territories and Indian nations, under a
program of cooperative agreements established with EPA. Participating states and
territories conduct use inspections, inspect pesticide-producing establishments,
maintain marketplace surveillance, and inspect dealers and users of restricted-
use pesticides. In most instances in which violations are detected, the states
and territories may refer cases to EPA for action. The Agency encourages the
states and territories to design and operate their enforcement programs so as to
place greatest emphasis on compliance with the use provisions of FIFRA, thereby
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producing the greatest environmental benefit. The Agency will continue to
support and manage these cooperative agreements in 1996.
Research
Research will be conducted in a number of environmental areas related to
pesticides. Research will provide knowledge on the potential risks posed by the
release of biotechnology products into the environment. Human exposure
investigation will develop methods to measure the exposures of human populations
to pesticides from all sources and routes of exposure. EPA is requesting
additional resources to expand research on children's exposure to pesticides and
to broaden the studies on the toxic effects of pesticides in children as a
function of age.
Research in health effects will emphasize the development of animal
toxicologic and human clinical data and models. Scientists will develop methods
to identify pesticide exposures in humans and the consequent effects. Studies
will elucidate mechanisms of neurotoxicity and developmental toxicity related to
pesticide exposures to develop models for estimating risks in humans. Scientists
will conduct research in neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and reproductive and
developmental toxicity to assess the hazards presented by pesticides.
Fees
Pesticide Reregistration and Maintenance Fees
In 1988, Congress amended FIFRA and mandated the accelerated reregistration
of all pesticide products registered prior to November 1, 1984. Congress
authorized the collection of two kinds of fees to supplement appropriated funds
for the reregistration program - a one-time reregistration fee and an annual
maintenance fee. The fees are assessed on the manufacturers of the active-
ingredients in pesticide products and are based on the manufacturer's share of
the market for the active ingredient. Reregistration fees expired in 1992.
Maintenance fees are still assessed on registrants of pesticide products and are
structured to collect $14.0 million per fiscal year.
The Administration supports increasing and extending reregistration fees
(deposited in the FIFRA Revolving Fund) into 1988 and 1999 so that the
manufacturers of pesticide products will continue to bear a fair share of the
costs of ensuring that up-to-date scientific methods have been used to determine
the proper use of their products will not pose an unreasonable risk of adverse
effects to human health or the environment.
Pesticide Tolerance Fee
A tolerance is the maximum legal limit of a pesticide residue on food
commodities and animal feed. In 1954, Congress authorized the collection of fees
for the establishment of tolerances for raw agricultural commodities. The
specific authority is contained in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
These fees supplement appropriated funds for the tolerance program and are
charged annually by the same percentage change in the Federal General Schedule
pay scale. Receipts of $1.5 million are expected in 1996.
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Registration Fees
The Administration will propose legislation that will allow reinstatement
of pesticide registration fees that were suspended by Congress in 1988, These
fees would be deposited into the Environmental Service account, and be available
for appropriation to the PRO and AC&C account solely for the purpose of
supporting the Agency's pesticide registration activities. Through such fees,
manufacturers of new pesticide products share the cost of ensuring that
authorized uses of these products do not pose an unreasonable risk to human
health or the environment. This dedicated funding source, which will be subject
to congressional appropriation, will help to ensure that sufficient resources are
available to support timely review of new products, and will allow the Agency to
better serve the needs of all affected parties. Under this proposal, the
authorizing committee will authorize the fees subject to further Appropriations
Committee action on language to be transmitted later. Appropriations Committee
action will be needed to score the fees as discretionary under the Budget
Enforcement Act. EPA would expect to collect approximately $15.0 million in 1996
under this proposal.
The Administration will propose legislation that will allow reinstatement
of pesticide registration fees that were suspended by Congress in 1988, These
fees would be deposited into the Environmental Services account, and be available
for appropriation to the PRO and AC&C account solely for the purpose of
supporting the Agency's pesticide registration activities. Through such fees,
manufacturers of new pesticide products share the cost of ensuring that
authorized uses of these products do not pose an unreasonable risk to human
health or the environment. This dedicated funding source, subject to
congressional appropriation, will help to ensure that sufficient resources are
available to support timely review of new products, and will allow the Agency to
better serve the needs of all affected parties. Under this proposal, the
authorizing committee would authorize the fees subject to further Appropriations
Committee action on language to be transmitted later. Appropriations Committee
action is needed to score the fees as discretionary under the Budget Enforcement
Act. There is a potential to collect approximately $15.0 million in 1996 under
this proposal.
Environmental Goals
Worker Safety
1996 will be the second year of implementation of the Worker Protection
Standards (WPS). The Agency is investing in Regional workyears for liaison with
state agencies, farmworker organizations, and growers; and for education, grants
management and field evaluation. State grant funds will support state
implementation of the WPS. The WPS is designed to ensure adequate and effective
protection for farm workers and pesticide handlers, and to provide effective
training for employers, farm workers, and pesticide handlers. The standards
apply to workers on farms, forests, greenhouses, and nurseries.
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Ecological Protection
The Agency is committed to reducing the use of pesticides in the Nation.
The challenge is to reduce the burden of these chemicals while maintaining a
positive dialogue with the agricultural sector. Thus, to implement the pesticide
use reduction strategy, new commodity-specific strategies will be developed in
conjunction with commodity groups. These strategies will examine the cultivation
and handling of specific commodities, current pesticide uses, pests of concern,
and alternatives that could reduce the use of pesticides or encourage the use of
safer pesticides.
Safe Food
In response to the 1993 NAS report, which recommended significant
improvements in the scientific methodology underlying the government's food
safety programs, the Agency is investing in the reassessment of its tolerance
structure. Major new scientific work is needed to improve the tolerance system.
This includes basic toxicological studies on age-related differences in response
to chemical exposure, evaluation of a national residue monitoring database, and
generation of significantly improved data on human consumption. Expansion of the
pesticide exposure databases in order to characterize and quantify non-dietary
exposures to pesticides from indoor and outdoor residential sources is important
as pesticide handlers and exposures from lawn care compounds are of particular
concern. Improvements in the information content of pesticides product labels
will empower pesticide users to make more informed choices about the pesticides
they use.
Improved Understanding of the Environment
Enhancements to the pesticides information systems will provide public
access to pesticide databases and will provide information on the status of the
registration or reregistration of chemicals, key facts, and regulatory positions,
data bibliographies, and other information. Access to this information will
assist citizens in making more informed decisions so they can influence behaviors
in their communities.
Consulting; Services
Consulting services are used by the Agency to support the Scientific
Advisory Panel which, in accordance with section 25(d) of FIFRA, provides
comments, evaluations and recommendations on actions and regulations proposed by
the Agency. By using these services, the Agency can ensure that its regulatory
program continues to be based on sound science.
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PESTICIDES
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
CURRENT
ACTUAL ESTIMATE ESTIMATE INCREASE (+)
1994 1995 1996 1995 vs 1996
Special Review
Decisions.....
12
New Chemical and
Biochemical Microbial
Agent Reviews
469 370
370
Old Chemical Reviews..
1,969 1,400 1,300
-100
Amended Registration
Reviews
6,543 4,100 4,800
+700
New Use Reviews,
240 240
240
0
Emergency Exemption
Reviews
292 320
270
- 50
Experimental Use
Permit Reviews.,
293 280
280
24(c) Special Local Need
Reviews
502 180
475
+295
Tolerance Petition
Reviews
391 280
330
+ 50
Temporary Tolerance
Petition Reviews...
62
60
60
Inert Ingredient
Reviews
22
13
13
Reregistration Eligibility
Decisions
34
40
43
+3
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
PROGRAM
Pesticides Research
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Pesticides Research TOTAL
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Pesticides Research
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Pesticides Research
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$5,445.5
$394.0
$7,335.1
$13,174.6
$5,445.5
$394.0
$7,335.1
$13,174.6
81.7
81.7
83.2
83.2
$6,435.2
$9,173.3
$15,608.5
$6,435.2
$9,173.3
$15,608.5
85.0
85.0
85.0
85.0
$6,840.6
$7,081.1
$13,921.7
$6,840.6
$7,081.1
$13,921.7
110.9
110.9
110.9
110.9
$6,808.2
$7,015.2
$13,823.4
$6,808.2
$7,015.2
$13,823.4
109.6
109.6
109.6
109.6
$6,152.4
$7,445.8
$13,598.2
$6,152.4
$7,445.8
$13,598.2
88.1
88.1
88.1
88.1
-$655.8
$430.6
-$225.2
-$655.8
$430.6
-$225.2
-21.5
-21.5
-21.5
-21.5
-$282.8
-$1,727.5
-$2,010.3
-$282.8
-$1,727.5
-$2,010.3
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
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PESTICIDE RESEARCH
PRINCIPAL OUTPUTS
1996 o Publish a report on the role of age at time of exposure in risk
assessment for cholinesterase inhibiting pesticides.
o Prepare a summary report on biomarkers of exposure and effect and
their application for the agricultural health study.
o Report on neuroendocrine system as a target of neurotoxicants.
o Publish a report on the mechanisms of acylamide toxicity to sperm
function.
o Report on the ecological risk assessment of watersheds and river
basins.
o Publish a study on the environmental risks from genetically
engineered plants.
o Issue a protocol for dermal exposure assessment.
1995 o Develop a research strategy for research on age-related differences
in sensitivity to dietary exposure to pesticides.
o Complete studies of behaviorial and biochemical response to
cholinesterase inhibitors as a function of age at the time of
exposure.
o Publish a report on biomarkers of effects for a prototype pesticide
(alachlor).
o Prepare a report on the results of pesticides induced effects in
developing animals.
o Prepare a report on mechanisms of acrylamide toxicity to sperm
function.
o Publish a report on the impact of environmental stress on the
susceptibility of fish and invertebrates exposed to microbial pest
control agents.
o Publish a study on atrazine potentiation of 2,6-dinitrotoluene
bioactivation in Fisher-344 rats.
o Prepare a protocol to evaluate the effects of Microbial Pest Control
Abatement (MPCAs) on honeybee colonies.
o Publish a report on the pesticide exposure-related activity patterns
in children in the United States.
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1994 o Prepared a document: Guidance on risk assessment for neurotoxicity
of cholinesterase inhibitors.
o Published a report on the androgenic effects of vinclozolin.
o Completed interim report on the pilot study for the agricultural
health study.
o Published a report on neuroanatomical techniques to quantify
development damage.
o Prepared a report on the relationship between semen quality and
fertility.
o Conducted a field evaluation of LERAM: The Littoral Ecosystem Risk
Assessment Model.
o Produced a study on the relationships between pesticide effects on
birds in the field and laboratory toxicity.
o Prepared a report on the fate and survival of bacterial microbial
pest control agents in natural aquatic environments.
o Developed a test chamber for evaluating the effects of Microbial
Pest Control Agents (MPCAs) on honey bees.
o Prepared a manual on methods for quantifying dislodgeable pesticide
residues on surfaces and materials.
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PESTICIDES
PESTICIDE RESEARCH
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,598,200 and 88.1 total workyears for
1996, a decrease of $225,200 and 21.5 workyears from 1995. Of the request,
$6,152,400 will be for Program and Research Operations, and $7,445,800 will be
for the Research and Development appropriation. This represents a decrease of
$655,800 for the Program and Research Operations appropriation, and an increase
of $430,600 in the Research and Development appropriation.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $13,823,400 and 109.6 total workyears
for this program element, of which $6,808,200 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation, $7,015,200 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $13,174,600 and 83.2 total workyears for
this program element, of which $5,445,500 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $7,335,100 was from the Research and Development
appropriation, and $394,000 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
Research Issues
The Pesticides Research Program provides scientific support to the EPA
Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances (OPPTS) for implementing
environmental protection legislation regarding pesticides. Research focuses on
providing scientifically valid, cost effective methods for evaluating risks
associated with pesticide use, manufacture, and release into the environment.
These research efforts also include studying the effects of stressors resulting
from biotechnology products in plant and invertebrate communities, measuring the
exposure of children to pesticides, elucidating the mechanisms of neurotoxicity
and developmental toxicity, and the immunotoxicity and reproductive toxicity
related to the hazards presented by pesticides.
The sections below describe research program issues by each fiscal year.
Ecosystems Protection
1996 Program Request
Pesticides Program Element resources are not requested in 1996 for the
Integrated Ecosystem Protection and Restoration Research Program.
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Explanation of Change -21.8 FTE -$1,290.9K (R&D)
The decrease of $1,290,900 and 21.8 workyears in the Pesticides media for
the Ecosystem Protection Program is the result of redirecting resources into the
Multimedia Program Element for activities associated with studies of multiple,
interacting pesticides and toxic substances on ecosystems, and the assessment of
the risk posed by pesticides and other toxic substances in comparison to other
systems level stresses. This research is a change from previous studies of
individual pesticides on individual organisms. Because research in 1996 will be
focused on a more holistic view of ecosystems, rather than pesticides alone, this
portion of pesticides research is being redirected to Multimedia.
1995 Program
The Office of Research and Development is consolidating the ecological
research issue plans into an integrated program. This reorganized program allows
the Agency to study the cumulative effects on ecosystems of both natural and
anthropogenic stress. The goal of the new Integrated Ecosystem Protection and
Restoration Research program is to develop the scientific understanding and
techniques required for effective integrated ecological risk assessment and
ecosystem protection at multiple scales. This change reflects the transition
from single stressor, single species, toxicological research to a more holistic
view of the way the environment is being affected by multiple stressors and at
the ecosystem level. Activities in Pesticides research include ecological risk
methods assessment.
This research is focusing on the development of assessment methods for
determining the risk that pesticides pose, in comparison to other stressors, in
select ecosystems. Studies include hazard assessment techniques, development and
testing of predictive ecological risk assessment models, assessments of the
effects of pesticides in experimental ecosystems, and wildlife. Each of these
studies are contributing needed information and methods for use in the Integrated
Ecosystem Protection and Restoration Research program.
1994 Accomplishments
EPA completed several projects which support the Integrated Ecosystem
Protection and Restoration Program in both the Pesticides Media and the Toxic
Substances Media. These include: 1) methods for measuring the toxicity and
bioaccumulation of sediment associated contaminants within freshwater
invertebrates; 2) the effects of water temperature on toxicity of 4-nitophenol
and 2,4-dinitrophenol on rainbow trout and sheepshead minnows; and 3) predicted
chronic lethality of chemicals to fishes from acute toxicity data.
Environmental Releases of Biotechnology Products
1996 Program Request
A wide variety of microorganisms may be used as biological control agents.
Information on their effects on higher organisms is lacking. Research will
investigate the genetic and molecular basis of infectivity and pathogenicity of
biological control agents and will develop methods that determine their host
7-15
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range. Experimental results will be used to develop protocols for testing
effects of microorganisms on beneficial and non-target invertebrate (e.g.,
honeybees, predatory ants, spiders, estuarine crustaceans) and vertebrate species
(i.e., fish and surrogates for humans).
The Agency requests a total of $1,576,100 and 14.8 workyears for 1996, an
increase of $418,400 and 1.9 in workyears. The request of $1,576,100 will be for
the Research and Development appropriation. The Program and Research Operations
appropriation funding related to workyears can be found under the Pesticides
Research Infrastructure Issue.
Efforts to assess the risks of biotechnology products have in the past
focused on individual species, which have been viewed as indicators of effects.
Thus, tests which have been developed for honeybees, fish, and shrimp, for
example, will continue to be evaluated for their efficacy as predictors of
effects. Researchers, who will develop new tests on other organisms, also will
study effects of stressors resulting from deliberate biotechnology product
releases at the community level, rather than at the individual species level.
Scientists will conduct research in the identification and characterization of
stress responses of plant, microbial, invertebrate, and vertebrate communities
in terrestrial and aquatic environments, and the interactions between plant,
microbial, and invertebrate communities.
Explanation of Change +1.9 FTE +$418.4K (R&D)
Resources will expand research initiated on gene expression to facilitate
gene transfer and gene stability research, and on developing methods to monitor
gene expression, which may be used to monitor any microbial mediated process for
which adequate gene probes are available.
1995 Program
Plants have been engineered in a variety of ways to be pesticidal,
resistant to diseases, tolerant to herbicides, to produce materials such as
Pharmaceuticals that are useful to man, and to degrade or sequester hazardous
chemicals from the environment. The introduction of foreign genes into plants
for these purposes requires the assessment of possible adverse effects on the
environment. Researchers are completing experiments on the fate and effects of
genes introduced into host plants, concentrating on pesticidal plants into which
have been inserted Bacillus Thuringiensis genes that produce an insect toxin.
Scientists are conducting research to assure the safety of such products.
Research is focusing on the genetic and molecular basis of infectivity,
pathogenicity, and allergenicity of biological agents used for agricultural pest
control. Researchers are using experimental results to develop protocols for
testing the effects of microbial pest control agents on non-target invertebrate
and vertebrate species. Scientists are completing the protocol for testing
effects on honeybees and are providing the protocol to the program office this
year. Researchers are developing a test that uses fish embryos and shrimp
embryos; scientists are using a number of commercial products to assess•the
efficacy of the test as a predictor of side effects of such agents in these
7-16
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organisms. ORD continues efforts to develop other short-term tests to assess the
effects on non-target organisms.
1994 Accomplishments
Because of a concern for effects on non-target organisms of potentially
commercial microbial pest control agents, tests on the infectivity and
teratogenicity of Beauveria bassiana. one such product, in fish embryos have been
conducted. Positive effects were found and a report was published to communicate
the results.
The ability to understand the behavior in the environment of transgenic
plants depends on the ability to follow the particular genes that have been
engineered into them. Initial commercial efforts have involved the insertion of
the gene in Bacillus thuringiensis responsible for the production of an insect
toxin. A bioassay has been developed for the quantitative determination in soil
of Bacillus Thuring i ens i s var. Kurstaki delta-endotoxin from transgenic plants.
An understanding of the viability of such genes and gene products in plants and
plant residues is essential to commercial development of such products.
Concern for the potential health effects of biotechnology products on man
led to a program to study possible immunotoxicity of such materials. Reports
were published on intestinal survival, competition, and translocation of
biotechnology agents following intranasal exposure of mice and pulmonary
clearance and inflammatory response in mice following such intranasal exposure.
Human Exposure
1996 Program Request
One of the major uncertainties identified in evaluating the possible health
risks from the use of pesticides is our understanding of actual exposures. The
major focus of this program is to develop better methods and models for
evaluating exposure and dose from various pesticide uses. Accurate exposure
assessment for children is a special concern since they may have relatively
higher exposures and may be exposed to pesticides at a critical stage of their
development.
The Agency requests a total of $5,094,800 and 15.6 workyears for 1996, an
increase of $2,036,600 and 2.1 workyears. The request of $5,094,800 will be for
the Research and Development appropriation. The Program and Research Operations
appropriation funding related to workyears can be found under the Pesticides
Research Infrastructure Issue.
The report of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) on risks to children
from pesticides highlights the critical need for health research on infants and
children. Infants and children face risks from pesticide exposures that are not
well characterized using current scientific data and risk assessment models.
Infants and children also are a highly exposed population by virtue of food
consumption patterns and food residues. In addition, they are a highly
susceptible population by virtue of physiological and pharmacokinetic features
7-17
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associated with growth. This exposure and susceptibility have led to alarm by
the public and a commitment by the Agency to expand research in this area.
Toxicological research, which includes neurological, immunological,
developmental, and pharmacokinetic studies, will be targeted to identify and
characterize qualitative exposure-effect relationships for pesticides. These
relationships include response as a function of critical periods of development.
The relationships also include quantitative exposure-effect relationships for
pesticides, such as evaluation of toxicity equivalence factors.
Pesticides in Children research will expand by implementing a survey of
children's exposure to pesticides. This survey will measure exposures via all
pathways, but will concentrate on diet as a source of exposure. Scientists
will measure pesticide concentrations in air, water, food and dust in homes,
schools, day care facilities, and other areas. Researchers also will collect
time, location and activity information related to children's exposure, using
fully evaluated techniques.
Scientists will prepare a manual of methods for quantifying the track-in
of lawn applied pesticide residues into indoor residential microenvironments.
Researchers also will prepare a report on research to develop techniques for
monitoring pesticide residues in the environment, and will publish a manual of
methods for characterizing activity patterns in children. Models for estimating
exposures to pesticides after residential use will be developed for inclusion in
OPPTS guidelines.
Explanation of Change 4-2.1 FTE +2.036.6K (R&D)
EPA is requesting an increase in resources to conduct research that will
characterize the exposure of infants and children to pesticides. The effort will
focus on 1) characterizing behavioral patterns in children that lead to exposure-
and 2) the importance of the dietary pathway in total exposure. This research,
which will provide EPA with data needed to develop an improved testing strategy
for use by industry, will also make available information to Improve data
interpretation. The additional resources will support research that is an
extension of the studies of the toxic effects on children as a function of age.
While directed primarily toward OPPTS requirements, the scientific understanding
produced by this research will be of value across regulatory programs.
1995 Program
In the Pesticides in Children program, researchers are beginning to address
the toxic effects on children as a function of age, providing the scientific
information to determine if pesticide tolerance levels are protective.
Scientists are modifying current practices for toxicity testing and risk
assessment for this sub-population.
ORD is preparing a manual of methods for quantifying dislodgeable pesticide
residues on indoor and outdoor surfaces, and is preparing a report on research
to develop techniques for monitoring pesticide residues in the environment.
Laboratory and field tests are evaluating methods for characterizing activity
patterns in children. Researchers also are developing standard activity
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scenarios and exposure related factors for use in the development of exposure
monitoring and assessment guidelines. Scientists are implementing new studies
to monitor the exposure of children to pesticides via multiple pathways.
1994 Accomplishments
A manual describing techniques for measuring pesticide residues on indoor
and outdoor surfaces was developed. Studies to investigate the frequency and use
of pesticides around the home to asses direct and indirect contact were
initiated.
Health Effects
1996 Program Request
Concerns about potential risks to human health resulting from exposure to
pesticides and toxic substances have formed the basis for most major regulatory
programs of EPA. The scientific basis for assessing the potential hazards and
risks presented by environmental exposures is generally weak. The need to
improve upon the default assumptions and address the uncertainties of current
health risk assessment procedures provides the rationale for research to improve
the methods, models and data which underlie assessment methods. New and improved
risk assessment methods, models and data will increase confidence in the
scientific basis for risk management decision making, for comparative risk
assessment, and for cost-benefit analysis.
The Agency requests a total of $436,300 and 12.9 workyears for 1996, a
decrease of $373,800 and an increase of 0.1 in workyears. The request of
$436,300 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. The Program and
Research Operations appropriation funding related to workyears can be found under
the Pesticides Research Infrastructure Issue.
Researchers will focus on improving the biological basis for health risk
assessment, specifically, the binding of pesticides to target tissues and
mechanisms of toxicity to support biologically based dose response (BBDR) models
development. Scientists will conduct research to develop biomarkers, such as
pesticide-DNA adduct formation, to support the identification of pesticide
exposures in humans and their consequent effects. Research studies to elucidate
mechanisms of neurotoxicity and developmental toxicity, and the toxic effects of
pesticide exposures (e.g., neurotoxicological, neurobehavioral, developmental)
will support the development of models to estimate risks in humans.
Explanation of Change +0.1 FTE -$373.8K (R&D)
Decreases reflect the absence of funding for the 1995 Congressional earmark
for neurotoxicity research.
1995 Program
Researchers are developing a strategy for identifying chemicals that can
produce neurodegenerative disease in humans. Based on laboratory data on
differential susceptibility as a function of age, scientists are developing a
7-19
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scheme for utilizing age as a risk factor in neurotoxicity risk assessments. The
results of studies that correlate pesticide exposures, and altered gene
expression will be published.
Congressional Directives: A total of $399,800 is for the Congressionally
directed project on neurotoxicity research, of which $7,800 is for the Small
Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program in the Multimedia Program Element in
the Innovative Technologies Research Issue.
1994 Accomplishments
Researchers completed an interim report on pilot study for Agricultural
Health Study; a report on neuroanatomical techniques to quantify developmental
damage; and a report on relationship between semen quality and fertility.
Environmental Review of Toxic Chemicals
1996 Program Request
EPA is charged with the responsibility of assessing the risk of chemicals
to human health and the environment. Agency scientists are faced with the need
to make risk assessments using extremely limited: 1) health and ecological
effects data; 2) physical and structural properties of chemicals; and 3)
worker/consumer exposure parameters. The research needed to address the lack of
methods and models supporting these concerns is critical to the establishment of
risk estimations, and to regulate new and existing chemicals. ORD researchers
are focusing their activities on understanding the relative risk of exposure to
toxic chemicals.
The Agency requests a total of $85,600 and 25.6 workyears for 1996, a
decrease of $359,500 in resources and 3.8 in workyears. The request of $85,650
will be for the Research and Development Appropriation. The Program and Research
Operations Appropriation funding related to workyears can be found under the
Pesticides Research Infrastructure Issue.
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) requires the
registration, reregistration, and special review of chemicals used as pesticides.
Data to support these activities are collected through procedures established
by EPA which specify the testing needs of the agency. Scientists will conduct
research in neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and reproductive and developmental
toxicity that will aid in the interpretation of data on the qualitative and
quantitative hazards potentially caused by pesticides. The results of the
studies will support Agency decisions related to revisions of test method
requirements.
Explanation of Change -3.8 FTE -$359.5K (R&D)
These resources have been shifted to other Agency priorities. Ongoing
efforts directed toward the evaluation of health risk in sub-populations will be
decreased in this research issue. The development of tools to assess immune
system effects also will be decreased.
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1995 Program
Scientists are developing generic scenarios for premanufacture notification
(PMN) reviews in the foundry and casting industries. Researchers are developing
an expert system for classifying and identifying organic pollutants from mass
spectra. They also are developing liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
(LC/MS) test procedures for commercial products to be incorporated into test
guidelines.
EPA is providing state-of-the-art, cost effective, scientifically sound
test methods to prevent the introduction of toxic chemicals, including
pesticides, into the environment. Research on interpretive models and estimation
techniques is allowing the program offices to effectively assess classes of
chemicals based on structure, physical parameters, biological activity, chemical
properties, and exposure parameters.
1994 Accomplishments
Two key documents were prepared in 1994: EPA Document: Guidance on risk
assessment for neurotoxicity of cholinesterase inhibitors; EPA Document: Report
on the androgenic effects of vinclozolin.
Infrastructure
1996 Program Request
Adequately funded infrastructure is critical to ORD's success in conducting
the quality science needed to assure that the Agency's decisions are
scientifically sound. The most critical part of ORD's infrastructure is its
staff. The assumption underlying all our research activities includes a
productive workforce.
The Agency requests a total of $6,152,400 and 19.2 total workyears for
1996, a decrease of $655,800 and no change in workyears from 1995. The request
of $6,152,400 will be for the Program and Research Operations appropriation.
This cohesive, cross-cutting program has been centralized within the
infrastructure issue to provide improved management in ORD's salaries, travel,
and related costs associated with managing and implementing research programs.
Workyears in this issue perform the following activities; science policy
and program development; technical evaluation, review, and guidance to EPA
program/regional offices, Federal/State Agencies, and foreign governments;
research quality assurance and program review; extramural resource management;
technology transfer of scientific information; ADP technical program development
of environmental data systems; regulatory mission support; facilities maintenance
and oversight; health and safety, and environmental compliance; research planning
and program development; operational research oversight; policy and procedure
development; program planning and operations; resource planning and review;
document production; and secretarial/clerical support and personnel staffs.
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Explanation of Change No Change FTE -$655.8K (PRO)
The 1996 request for Program and Research Operations account funding
reflects the overall reduction of 21.5 workyears programmatically described under
the Ecosystems Protection and Environmental Review of Toxic Chemicals Issues of
this program element, but whose payroll is supported through the Infrastructure
Issue.
1995 Program
ORD's current infrastructure program provides compensation and benefits,
and travel for ORD scientists, engineers, management, and technical support
personnel. ORD's workforce carries out scientific research programs in support
of the Agency's mission.
1994 Accomplishments
ORD funded its workyears in scientific support of the. Agency's mission,
providing the personnel compensation and benefits, and travel for ORD scientists,
engineers, management, and technical support personnel.
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PESTICIDES
Generic Chemical Review
PROGRAM
Generic Chemical Review
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
FIFRA Revolving Fund
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
FIFRA Revolving Fund
Generic Chemical TOTAL
Review
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Generic Chemical Review
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Generic Chemical Review
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL
1994
$21,014.2
$18,986.6
$13,413.2
$53,414.0
$21,014.2
$18,986.6
$13,413.2
$53,414.0
486.7
486.7
497.1
497.1
PRES. ENACTED CURRENT
BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE
1995 1995
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$23,422.5 $24,170.6 $24,025.5
$16,154.2 $13,530.9 $12,310.3
$13,505.5
$39,576.7 $37,701.5 $49,841.3
$23,422.5 $24,170.6 $24,025.5
$16,154.2 $13,530.9 $12,310.3
$13,505.5
$39,576.7 $37,701.5 $49,841.3
520.7 533.3 525.7
520.7 533.3 525.7
520.7 539.7 531.8
520.7 539.7 531.8
REQUEST INCREASE
1996 DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
$24,588.4 $562.9
$15,639.1 $3,328.8
-$13,505.5
$40,227.5 -$9,613.8
$24,588.4 $562.9
$15,639.1 $3,328.8
-$13,505.5
$40,227.5 -$9,613.8
518.5 -7.2
518.5 -7.2
524.2 -7.6
524.2 -7.6
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
$1,165.9
-$515.1
$650.8
$1,165.9
-$515.1
$650.8
-2.2
-2.2
3.5
3.5
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PESTICIDES
GENERIC CHEMICAL REVIEW
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $40,227,500 and 524.2 total workyears for
this program, of which $24,588,400 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $15,639,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Total workyears include 330.4 for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and 193.8 will be supported by the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Revolving Fund. This
represents an increase of $562,900 in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, an increase of $3,328,800 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation and a net decrease of 7.6 workyears. FIFRA Fund supported workyears
will decrease by 8.1 workyears.
The increase in the Program and Research Operations appropriation
represents increased workforce costs and full funding of the total workyears.
The decrease in workyears reflects a combination of events, including the
President's commitment to reducing the size of the Federal workforce,
disinvestments in lower priority areas and investments in higher priority areas.
The increase in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation represents
support for Agency priorities such as reducing the use of pesticides, promoting
integrated pest management (IPM), and enhancing pesticide program information
systems. This increase also reflects the inclusion for the first time of
resources for the Working Capital Fund.
Requested resources, and additional resources provided by the FIFRA
Revolving Fund, will support completion of 43 Reregistration Eligibility
Decisions (REDs). As data gathered through the reregistration process continues-
through review, the Agency expects that some pesticides will continue to meet the
triggers for special review. The projected number of special review decisions
for 1996 is eight.
In 1996, enhancements to the pesticide programs information systems will
include initiation of efforts to provide public access to pesticide databases and
provide information on chemical reregistration and registration status, key facts
about particular pesticides, regulatory positions, bibliographies, and other
information. Dissemination of this type of information is particularly important
to the success of pesticide use reduction efforts, including IPM, and for
enhancing the participation of the Regions and states in decision-making on
pesticide issues.
Investments in IPM will provide for expanded Headquarters technical support
to the Regions in educating the public and promoting the use of safer pesticides.
The Agency will expand efforts towards meeting the Administration's goal of
having 75 percent of agricultural acreage under IPM by the year 2000. Program
efforts will include clarifying and implementing policy and guidance for farm
level education and technology transfer of successful alternative pest control
practices.
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The Agency will encourage an aggressive program for reducing the use of
pesticides through projects designed to allow and encourage reduction or
elimination of urban and agricultural pesticide uses and to foster risk reduction
and pollution prevention. The implementation of the Environmental Protection
Agency/U. S . Department of Agriculture/Food and Drug Administration (EPA/USDA/FDA)
Use Reduction Strategy will be expanded. In cooperation with commodity groups,
commodity-specific strategies will be reviewed, updated, and modified. The
Agency will step up coordination with USDA to conduct studies to meet pest
management needs arising from the implementation of commodity-specific
strategies. The Agency will investigate development of use reduction strategies
for non-agricultural use sites, especially related to uses in and around the
home. The Agency will seek to improve communication tools to inform the public
of new registered uses, especially for biological pesticides. The Agency will
provide assistance to the states for reduced use initiatives and will work with
USDA and other Federal agencies in identifying and developing new ways to carry
out mandates which focus on pollution prevention and risk reduction. Interchange
of methods and ideas in these areas will be exchanged between Federal agencies,
states, localities and EPA.
Support for laboratory activities will continue. Funds will be used to
purchase needed reagents, solvents, chemicals, glassware, equipment parts, and
other essential supplies, and to maintain and repair equipment. The laboratories
validate food product and environmental chemistry methods to ensure that the FDA,
USDA, EPA Regional offices and states have reliable analytical methods to measure
and monitor pesticide residues in food in the environment. These laboratories
also provide the Regional enforcement programs with highly specialized pesticide
chemistry services to support enforcement cases, especially for newly registered
pesticides, and the more difficult to analyze older pesticides. High priority
lab services are provided to the Office of General Counsel for hearings, and to
the Office of Research and Development for the Dioxin Reassessment and National
Exploratory Studies. They also provide high level support to the Office of
Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances' Dioxin/Furan Panel that screens new
dioxin and furan analytical methods for pesticides and toxic substances.
Explanation of Change -7.6 FTE; +$562.9K (PRO); +$3,328.8K (AC&C)
Many transactions are reflected in the 1996 budget•request. Streamlining
efforts, completed activities, and redirections to higher priority Agency
activities resulted in disinvestments in some areas and investments in others.
Increases in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation reflect
investments in activities supporting the Agency priorities of reduced use of
pesticides, promotion of IPM, and enhancements to pesticide information systems,
as described above. Other changes reflect the inclusion of funds for the first
time for the Agency's Working Capital Fund.
Increases in the Program and Research Operations appropriation reflect
increased workforce costs and full funding of the workforce.
Disinvestments were made in lower priority and completed activities. These
included (1) completion of regulatory development activities such as groundwater
regulations and disposal of canceled pesticides; (2) savings resulting from
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improvements to, and integration of, information systems; and (3) disinvestment
in the FIFRA Fund-supported reregistration program workyears, which will result
in a reduction of two REDs in 1996. The reduction will delay the completion of
non-food use REDs past the year 2004.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $49,841,300 and 531.8 total workyears
for this program. Of this, $24,025,500 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation, $12,310,300 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and $13,505,500 is from the FIFRA Revolving Fund.
Total workyears include 329.9 for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and 201.9 to be supported by the FIFRA Fund.
In 1995, the pesticides program is addressing concerns raised by the
National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and
Children Study. This involves following-up on the findings and recommendations
made in the study with a broad range of science improvements, including revised
risk assessment methodologies, accelerating better food consumption surveys, and
revising food residue tolerances. This will include major testing guidelines
development and possible rulemaking regarding health risks from pesticides to
sensitive populations.
The Agency continues its emphasis on food safety as a major concern. Food
safety concerns are being addressed through the development of better scientific
data on pesticides residues in food. The pesticides program is also focusing on
the conveyance of scientific information on risks to the public in understandable
terms, and the use of improved risk information in regulatory decisions.
In 1995, the Agency is increasing support for a program encouraging the
reduced use of pesticides through projects to allow and encourage reduction or
elimination of urban and agricultural pesticide use and to foster risk reduction
and pollution prevention. EPA is initiating a pilot to lead this effort, to
streamline the registration of biological pesticides, and to encourage the
replacement of conventional pesticides with safer pest control methods, including
biological pesticides.
Resources are allocated to support 40 REDs. Activities associated with RED
production include identifying candidates, with food use chemicals a priority;
reviewing databases; and writing, reviewing, and revising REDs. Identification
of tier requirements, review of toxicology CORT (chronic feeding, oncogenicity,
reproduction, and teratology) studies and section 6(a)(2) requirements will
continue to be a priority in the study reviews. Science reviews of studies are
being conducted and summaries produced. Follow-up to Data Call-Ins, will be
conducted. A review of the final science data is required for a decision whether
or not to reregister the pesticide or take some other action. After the RED is
issued, reregistration reviews and decisions will continue at the product level
within each reregistration case. As data gathered through the reregistration
process is reviewed, the Agency expects some pesticides will continue to meet the
triggers for special reviews.
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Efforts in international coordination and harmonization are continuing.
The Agency is working to ensure consistency of decisions and science data with
Canada and Mexico under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development member countries, and the
CODEX organization to improve pesticide regulation internationally and minimize
trade disputes under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The Agency's
international initiative includes coordination with the European Community on its
reregistration efforts, and expanded technical assistance through the United
Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization and other developing country aid
organizations. Implementation of import/export policies are also continuing.
Development of a comprehensive program is under way to discourage reliance
on large volumes of synthetic organic chemicals for pest control and to encourage
safer alternatives. This program targets uses, commodities and products that
present the greatest opportunity for risk and use reduction. The effort requires
active participation of other government agencies, USDA in particular. State,
grower organizations, food processors, and food distributors are involved as well
in building a strong support base. The effort includes the initiation of
regulatory decisions to reduce pesticide risk. Additionally, the program will
support integration of all major pesticide program information systems to
increase the quality and speed of regulatory decisions and alternatives analyses.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $53,414,000 and 497.1 total workyears for
this program, of which $21,014,200 was from the Program Research and Operations
appropriation, and $18,986,600 from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation and $13,413,200 was from the FIFRA Revolving Fund. Total workyears
included 300.9 from the Program Research and Operations appropriation and 196.2
were supported by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
RevoIving Fund.
In 1994, the Agency continued reregistration decisions. The Agency issued
34 REDs as work pertaining to the 1988 FIFRA Amendments continued. Twelve
special review decisions were made in 1994. Special reviews are a major risk
reduction vehicle and the activity is expected to continue as data is reviewed
during the reregistration process.
The Agency continued improvements to the Dietary Risk Evaluation System
(ORES). ORES improvements will enhance our ability to evaluate risks posed
through diet, particularly incorporating improved precision of food consumption
data for infants and children.
The implementation of an Indian strategy to enable Indian tribes to become
involved in all areas of the pesticide program continued. Food Safety activities
continued in 1994. This initiative included the development of better scientific
data on special tolerance and residue issues, conveying scientific information
on risks to the public in understandable terms, and using improved risk
information in regulatory decisions. In response to the Delaney Court Decision,
EPA is collaborating with USDA and FDA on the development of a set of legislative
reforms which will allow the continued application of "negligible risk" to the
tolerance setting activities. International programs supported priority
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activities identified in Agenda 21 at the Rio conference. The Agency continued
assistance to developing countries to effectively manage pesticides by providing
increased technical assistance, information dissemination, and training
activities.
In 1994, EPA, USDA, and FDA committed to a. major new initiative to reduce
the use and risks of pesticides and to strive to have 75 percent of agricultural
acreage under IPM by the year 2000. EPA has worked closely with Federal and
state agencies as well as commodity groups, universities, and professional
organizations to develop a strategy and obtain commitments for reducing pesticide
use.
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PESTICIDES
Registration, Special Registration & Tolerances
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Registration, Special
Registration, and
Tolerances
Program & Research $15,588.1 $16,887.2 $15,223.6 $15,148.8 $18,462.1 $3,313.3 $1,574.9
Operations
Abatement Control and $4,829.4 $6,897.7 $5,475.1 $5,325.8 $8,253.6 $2,927.8 $1,355.9
Compliance
TOTAL $20,417.5 $23,784.9 $20,698.7 $20,474.6 $26,715.7 $6,241.1 $2,930.8
TOTAL:
Program & Research $15,588.1 $16,887.2 $15,223.6 $15,148.8 $18,462.1 $3,313.3 $1,574.9
Operations
Abatement Control and $4,829.4 $6,897.7 $5,475.1 $5,325.8 $8,253.6 $2,927.8 $1,355.9
Compliance
Registration, Special TOTAL $20,417.5 $23,784.9 $20,698.7 $20,474.6 $26,715.7 $6,241.1 $2,930.8
Registration &
Tolerances
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Registration, Special 230.1 247.6 260.2 256.4 263.8 7.4 16.2
Registration, and
Tolerances
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 230.1 247.6 260.2 256.4 263.8 7.4 16.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Registration, Special 236.5 247.6 260.2 256.4 263.8 7.4 16.2
Registration, and
Tolerances
TOTAL WORKYEARS 236.5 247.6 260.2 256.4 263.8 7.4 16.2
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PESTICIDES
REGISTRATION, SPECIAL REGISTRATION, AND TOLERANCES
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $26,715,700 supported by 263.8 total
workyears for 1996. Of the request, $18,462,100 will be for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation, and $8,253,600 will be for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,313,300
for the Program and Research Operations appropriation, an increase of $2,927,800
in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 7.4
total workyears. The increase in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation represents increased total workyears, increased workforce costs and
full funding of workyears. The net increase in total workyears reflects
disinvestments in lower priority activities and investments in higher priority
activities such as tolerance reassessments and safer pesticides. The net
increase in the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation reflects a
combination of reductions from completed actions, streamlining efficiencies,
redirections to higher priority Agency activities, investments in our food safety
program and the inclusion for the first time of resources for the Agency's
Working Capital Fund.
In 1996, the pesticides program will emphasize the Reduced Risk Pesticide
policy, which was initiated as a voluntary program in 1993. Under this
initiative, the Agency invited pesticide manufacturers to submit a scientific
rationale, along with their registration application, outlining why their new
active ingredient presents opportunities for reducing risks to public health and
the environment. We will begin to expand the current reduced risk program beyond
new active ingredients to include new uses of currently-registered products,
new/safer formulations of already-registered pesticides, and other registration--
related activities.
Additionally, as part of the implementation effort, the Agency needs to
focus more specifically on pesticide labeling. Additional resources are
requested to review current product labels, develop model labels, and negotiate
improvements to labels on currently-registered pesticide products. The Agency
plans development and implementation of general guidance for making pesticide
labels more understandable for pesticide users. With more information available
to the public that is clearer and simpler, pesticide users will be empowered to
make more informed choices about the pesticides they use.
The safety of the nation's food supply remains of vital concern to the
Agency. In 1996 we will focus on reassessing and revising the pesticide
tolerance setting process. In 1993, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS)
released a report identifying and recommending major improvements to the
government's food safety programs, especially to protect children. EPA, with
the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA), has identified major new scientific work which needs to be done to carry
out these various improvements and to meet Administration goals for continued
improvement in the safety of our food supply. These include initiating efforts
in basic toxicological studies on age-related differences in response to chemical
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exposure; creation of a national residue monitoring database; and generation of
significantly improved data on human consumption of food.
Special emphasis will be placed on the regulatory implications of new
biological pesticides. There has been a significant increase in small scale
field test notifications, experimental use permit applications and registrations
related to microbial and biochemical pesticides, both naturally occurring and
genetically engineered. These biological pesticides are generally safer than
chemical pesticides, and EPA places a priority on processing applications for
them.
Cooperation with USDA and FDA will continue through regular meetings and
consultations on such matters as analytical test methods, multi-residue test
methods, and the sharing of pesticide usage information. EPA has worked with FDA
on the use of Maximum Legal Residues for enforcement of import commodities
bearing pesticide residues. EPA, FDA, and USDA will continue to cooperate in
implementing the Administration's commitment to reducing the use' of pesticides
and promoting sustainable agriculture.
Emphasis will continue to be given to the prevention of groundwater
contamination, including registrant monitoring, more extensive use of
environmental fate test data, geographical restrictions, and restricted use
classifications. This will help prevent future environmental clean-up problems.
The Agency will continue efforts to develop adjuncts to the Pesticide
Handler Exposure Databases to characterize non-dietary exposure in indoor and
outdoor residential situations. One database is designed to specifically address
exposure to lawn care pesticide compounds.
Regional liaison will continue through close communication with Regional
pesticide experts and other Regional staff to improve Regional and state
understanding of national regulatory activities. Regions will be more routinely
involved in consultations on policies affecting their mission and constituencies,
enhancing public understanding and compliance with EPA policies, and improving
management of section 18 and section 24(c) programs.
In 1996 the Agency expects to conduct 245 reviews of new chemicals, 125
reviews of biochemical/microbial agents, 1300 reviews of old chemicals, 4800
amended registration reviews, 240 new use reviews, and 330 tolerance petition
reviews. The emphasis on the registration of new chemicals/new biologicals will
continue into 1996 to permit more rapid market entry of new, "safer" products.
Explanation of Change +7.4FTE; +3.313.3K (PRO); +$2,927.8K (AC&C)
Many transactions are reflected in the 1996 budget request. Disinvestments
were taken in lower priority or completed activities. Investments were made in
higher priority activities such as tolerance reassessment, safer pesticides, and
reduced use of pesticides. These transactions are reflected in the net increase
in workyears and net increase in the Abatement, Control and Compliance (AC&C)
appropriation. Also reflected in the AC&C appropriation is the inclusion for the
first time of resources for the Working Capital Fund. The increase in the
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Program Research and Operations appropriation reflects the increased workyears,
increased workforce costs, and full funding of the workforce.
Streamlining efforts, completed activities, and redirections to other
Agency priorities resulted in disinvestments in product chemistry and acute
toxicology reviews, new biologicals regulatory development, old chemicals and
amendments, and antimicrobials.
Disinvestments in product chemistry and acute toxicology reviews (acute
data reviews both human and wildlife precautions) will be accomplished through
savings under a. self-certification and Agency-auditing program. Other
disinvestments include the development of regulations or guidance in biologicals,
which is expected to be completed in 1995; anticipated changes such as Data
Evaluation Records process improvements, electronic data transfer, standardized
reporting formats and further reduction of data compensation activities; and
reductions in the antimicrobials and old chemicals registration efforts. This
means the Agency will stop processing and/or accepting applications that do not
pass the "safer" screen and/or are not in the public interest. Additionally,
product-by-product registration will be eliminated by going to a self-
certification and Agency-auditing program for labelling on end-use products.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $20,474,600 supported by 256.4 total
workyears for 1995. Of the request, $15,148,800 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation, and $5,325,800 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1995 the pesticide program expects to conduct 245 reviews of new
chemicals, 125 reviews of biochemical/microbial agents, 1400 reviews of old
chemicals, 4100 amended registration reviews, 240 new use reviews, and 280
tolerance petition reviews. The emphasis on the registration of new
chemicals/new biologicals continues in 1995 to permit more rapid market entry of
new, "safer" products.
In 1995, the Agency is continuing to strengthen its emphasis on the
registration of "safer" pesticides, including new biologicals, and other
activities promoting the reduced use of pesticides. The Agency is addressing the
rapidly increasing workload in the new biologicals arena. This area covers all
microbial, biochemical and transgenic plant pesticides, incliiding all naturally
occurring products as well as those that are obtained through modern technology.
The Agency is also developing a comprehensive program to reduce pesticide
use by discouraging reliance on large volumes of pesticides for pest control and
encouraging safer alternatives. This program targets uses, commodities and
products that present the greatest opportunity for risk and use reduction.
Additionally, a policy establishing incentives for development and registration
of Reduced Risk Pesticides is under development.
The Agency will continue to ensure that tolerances reflect the most current
regulatory status of each active ingredient, including revocation of tolerances
on canceled pesticides and tolerance reassessments in conjunction with
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reregistration reviews. Tolerance fees will be increased in 1995 by the
percentage of the General Schedule (GS) pay raise for Federal employees.
Efforts continue on Regional liaison and close coordination with Regional
pesticide experts and other Regional staff to improve Regional and state
understanding of national regulatory activities. Requests and incorporation of
input from the Regions and states on policies and reviews affecting their mission
is continuing. This liaison is improving management of section 18 emergency
exemption reviews and section 24(c) special local need programs.
The Agency remains committed to strengthening cooperation with the United
States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) through regular meetings and consultations on such matters as analytical
test methods, multi-residue test methods, and the sharing of pesticide usage
information. EPA, FDA, and USDA will continue joint efforts to implement the
Administration's commitment to reducing the use of pesticides and promoting
sustainable agriculture.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $20,417,500 supported by 236.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $15,588,100 was from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation, and $4,829,400 was from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
Efforts continued to ensure that tolerances reflect the most current
regulatory status of each active ingredient. Tolerance fees increased in 1994
by 4.23%, the percentage of the General Schedule (GS) pay raise for Federal
employees.
Prevention of future environmental clean-up problems through the reduction
of groundwater contamination, registrant monitoring, more extensive use of
environmental fate test data, geographical restrictions, and restricted use
classifications continued, as did emphasis on the improvement of information on
product labels.
Special emphasis continued on the regulatory implications of new biological
pesticides. There has been a significant increase in small scale field test
notifications, experimental use permit applications and registrations related to
microbial and biochemical pesticides, both naturally occurring and genetically
engineered. Biological pesticides are generally safer than chemical pesticides,
and EPA places a priority on processing applications for them. The Agency
continued to revise the section 5 experimental use permit regulations to provide
sufficient monitoring of the early testing of genetically altered microbial
pesticides, and continued development of policies and regulations for transgenic
plant pesticides, a whole new class of biological pesticides.
Regional liaison emphasized working closely with the Regional pesticide
experts and other Regional staff to improve Regional and state understanding of
national regulatory activities, and to obtain their input on policies and reviews
affecting their mission continued.
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To prevent circumvention of section 3 registration requirements, stringent
criteria for granting section 18 exemptions continued to be applied.
Consideration of progress towards permanent registration and clarification of
"emergency" and "significant economic loss" are examples of the criteria used
in considering emergency exemptions. Headquarters continued to work closely with
the Regions and states to monitor emergency exemptions and special local needs.
The Agency continued cooperation with USDA and FDA on such matters as
analytical test methods, multi-residue test methods, and the sharing of pesticide
usage information. EPA, FDA, and USDA continued to encourage the reduced use of
pesticides and promotion of sustainable agriculture. Inerts of toxicological
concern continued to be listed on pesticide product labels and will undergo data
call-ins.
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Program Implementation
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE INCREASE
1994 BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE 1996 DECREASE DECREASE
1995 1995 1996 REQ 1996 REQ
VS VS
1995 CE 1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Pesticides Program
Implementation
Program & Research $3,135.8 $5,773.5 $3,595.9 $3,595.8 $6,828.0 $3,232.2 $1,054.5
Operations
Abatement Control and $97.5 $336.7 $275.5 $275.5 $336.3 $60.8 -$4
Compliance
Program & Research $42.9
operation - Flood
TOTAL $3,276.2 $6,110.2 $3,871.4 $3,871.3 $7,164.3 $3,293.0 $1,054.1
Pesticides Program
Implementation - Grants
Abatement Control and $17,722.9 $14,825.4 $14,347.0 $14,947.0 $16,723.9 $1,776.9 $1,898.5
Compliance
TOTAL $17,722.9 $14,825.4 $14,347.0 $14,947.0 $16,723.9 $1,776.9 $1,898.5
TOTAL:
Program & Research $3,135.8 $5,773.5 $3,595.9 $3,595.8 $6,828.0 $3,232.2 $1,054.5
Operations
Abatement Control and $17,820.4 $15,162.1 $14,622.5 $15,222.5 $17,060.2 $1,837.7 $1,898.1
Compliance
Program & Research $42.9
operation - Flood
Abatement and Control TOTAL $20,999.1 $20,935.6 $18,218.4 $18,818.3 $23,888.2 $5,069.9 $2,952.6
Pesticides
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Pesticides Program 50.8 89.7 53.1 52.1 96.7 44.6 7.0
Implementation
Pesticides Program
Implementation - Grants
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 50.8 89.7 53.1 52.1 96.7 44.6 7.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Pesticides Program 52.6 89.7 59.3 58.3 98.2 39.9 8.5
Implementation
Pesticides Program
Implementation - Grants
TOTAL WORKYEARS 52.6 89.7 59.3 58.3 98.2 39.9 8.5
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PESTICIDES
PESTICIDES PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $23,888,200 and 98.2 total workyears for
this program, of which $7,164,300 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $16,723,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Comliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,232,200 for Program and
Research Operations, an increase of $1,776,900 for Abatement, Control and
Comliance, and an increase of 39.9 total workyears.
Pesticides Program Implementation
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,164,300 supported by 98.2 total workyears
for this program, of which $6,828,000 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $336,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,232,200 in Program
and Research Operations, an increase of 39.9 workyears and an increase of $60,800
in Abatement, Control and Compliance. The increase in Program and Research
Operations represents increased workforce costs and full funding of the
workforce. The increase in workyears represents redirection of enforcement
workyears to program workyears and additional support for full-scale
implementation of the Worker Protection Standards (WPS). The increase in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation is the result of adjustments made
in Regional support funding.
Headquarters staff will continue to provide national leadership and-
coordination of the initiative to build Regional/state capabilities in the areas
of groundwater, worker protection, and endangered species. In this regard,
Headquarters will provide regulatory and policy decisions, develop guidance
packages and training and educational materials, organize national meetings and
workshops, and provide technical assistance. Headquarters staff will continue
to coordinate the initiative with other Federal agencies, especially the United
States Department of Agriculture (USDA), whose programs, resources, and field
operations are necessary to the success of this effort. Additionally,
Headquarters will continue to provide policy and technical support to the Regions
for implementation of the Certification and Training (C&T) program.
Implementation of the Worker Protection Standards (WPS) will be expanded
through a well-targeted, high quality program in communications. Development and
distribution of support materials, training, and follow-up is critical to its
success. Implementation of the WPS requires substantial coordination with all
affected parties. This rule, which impacts three to four million pesticide
handlers, as well as over one million agricultural establishments, requires a
significant increase in resources in both Headquarters and the Regions to
accomplish its mission. States will continue development, reproduction and
distribution of training materials, as necessary. Training and outreach efforts
are key to the program and will be pursued aggressively. Regional assistance to
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states, coordination with affected agencies, assistance in ensuring training,
development and use of public information materials explaining the new
regulations, and distribution of these materials are also vital parts of this
program.
Integrated Pest Management and use reduction initiatives will be a major
focus in 1996, and implementation of the Use Reduction Strategy will be pursued
with guidance from Headquarters staff.
The endangered species program will be enforceable for the first time in
1996. With the enforceable program, more states are likely to develop state-
initiated endangered species protection plans. The combination of a larger
universe of endangered species to protect from pesticide use, along with an
enforceable program, will require a greater level of effort. Headquarters
consultations with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service will increase, along with
habitat map and county bulletin production for pesticides of concern. The Agency
will continue its communication and outreach activities. Publication of the
regulations to upgrade the C&T program will continue to require Headquarters
guidance to the Regions on training programs development and other requirements.
Regions assist states in developing customized state-initiated plans,
provide educational materials to users and the public, coordinate with Federal
and state lead agencies, coordinate the review of habitat maps, and distribute
other informational materials. As implementation progresses, this program must
continue to keep pace with increasing demands. This effort will require more
assistance from the Regions in communication and outreach efforts and guidance
and review of state-initiated plans tailored to meet state specific needs.
Implementation of the groundwater strategy will also continue with
Headquarters staff providing regulatory and policy decisions and guidance for the
development of State Management Plans (SMP). EPA promulgation of regulations
will continue to make specific pesticides (those that may pose an unreasonable
environmental risk by their threat to groundwater) subject to SMPs. Regional
staff will continue to meet the various demands in the groundwater program area
which are measured by a number of activities. All states will be either
developing, revising or implementing pesticide SMPs. Regional staff will
continue to provide technical assistance to states during the development and
implementation phase. This will require significant expertise and time in
coordinating all groundwater protection programs sponsored by the Agency and the
states.
Headquarters staff will continue to ensure a nationally consistent and
coordinated initiative to build Regional/state capabilities through the provision
of technical assistance and the development of policy guidance and program
material. Headquarters staff will also coordinate this initiative with other EPA
offices and other Federal agencies.
Regional staff includes senior level pesticide experts who will continue
to provide technical expertise on pesticide issues such as C&T, application
techniques, toxicity, pesticide disposal, restricted use pesticides, and
pesticides. A well-targeted, high quality program in communications , development
and distribution of support materials, training and follow-up is required.
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Communication and outreach efforts will continue. The Regions will provide
guidance to the states in conducting workshops, briefings and informational
meetings,
Base activities and implementation of the C&T program will continue to
ensure our capability to effectively implement a cornerstone program that
produces results not only in the initiatives area but also in the areas of food
safety, pollution prevention and geographic targeting.
Over the last several years, the requirements for Regional workyears have
increased dramatically without significant workyear increases. Over time, the
Regions redirected personnel from enforcement to program activities. In January
1994, the Regions conducted a workload analysis to determine the programmatic
deployment of Regional workyear resources. The analysis revealed 32
enforcement staff were working on pesticides program activities. As a result of
the survey, Regional enforcement and program workyears have been realigned to
reflect real operational work activities in the Regions. These workyears will
provide support for implementation of the WPS and the groundwater strategy. This
transfer will occur through proposed reprogrammings in 1995..
Explanation of Change +39.9 FTE; +$3,232.2K (PRO), +$60.8K (AC&C)
The change in workyears reflects the redirection of enforcement workyears
to program workyears, additional Regional resources for worker protection
activities, and other adjustments made in the development of the 1995 Operating
Plan. Regional workyears will provide technical assistance to the states,
coordination with affected agencies, and assistance in ensuring the development
and use and distribution of public information materials explaining the new WPS
regulations.
The increase in Program and Research Operations represents increased
workyears, increased workforce costs and full funding of the workforce. The
Abatement, Control and Compliance increase reflects adjustments made to Regional
support funds.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $3,871,300 supported by 58.3 workyears
for this program, of which $3,595,800 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $275,500 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1995, implementation of the WPS is underway, requiring a quality program
in communications (a large number of translations are involved), development and
distribution of support materials, training and follow-up. This rule requires
training and education of 3-4 million workers and over one-half million handlers
on pesticide hazards and safeguards against those hazards. Additionally, states
are required to provide substantial coordination efforts to ensure that the
program is described and explained thoroughly to affected parties. States need
to develop and/or reproduce and distribute training materials. Regions continue
to provide technical assistance in the development of program implementation
strategies, assistance to states in disseminating information on the new
7-38
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regulations, and coordination with agencies at the state and Regional level.
Additional support provided by the Regions includes assistance in ensuring that
training is conducted, development and use of public information materials
explaining the new regulations, and distribution of training programs and
materials to states. Forums for dialogue between affected parties will be
coordinated by EPA to clarify the issues and ensure that the rule is effectively
implemented. A risk-based targeting of enforcement activities based on state-
specific needs will be established.
Headquarters staff continue to provide national leadership and coordination
in building Regional/state capabilities in the areas of groundwater, worker
protection, and endangered species. Additionally, Headquarters staff are
coordinating the program with other Federal agencies, especially with USDA, to
ensure a nationally consistent and coordinated program.
The full implementation of the groundwater strategy includes Headquarters
support in providing regulatory and policy decisions and guidance for the
development of SMPs. EPA plans promulgation of regulations making specific
pesticides (those that may pose an unreasonable environmental risk by their
threat to groundwater) subject to state groundwater SMPs. Regional staff will
provide technical assistance to states during the development and implementation
phase.
Base activities and implementation of the C&T program are continuing in
1995, to ensure our capability to effectively implement a cornerstone program
that produces results not only in the initiatives area but also in the areas of
food safety, pollution prevention and geographic targeting. Publication of the
regulations to upgrade the C&T program continue to require Headquarters guidance
to the Regions on training programs development and other requirements.
In the endangered species program, Headquarters activity associated with
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service consultations is increasing, along with habitat
map and county bulletin production for pesticides of concern. Communication and
outreach activities are continuing. The Regions continue to assist states in
developing customized state-initiated plans, provide educational materials to
users and the public, coordinate with Federal and state lead agencies, coordinate
the review of habitat maps, and distributing other informational materials. To
keep pace with demand as the program progresses, additional assistance is
required from the Regions in communications and outreach, as well as in providing
guidance and review of state-initiated plans.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $3,276,200 supported by 52.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,178,700 is from the Program Research and
Operations appropriation and $97,500 from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
EPA and the USDA continued joint development of pesticide education
programs to protect groundwater, workers and endangered species. Further,
national and joint workshops on C&T were organized by program staff in
cooperation with USDA/SCES.
7-39
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In 1994, the Agency continued to address concerns about pesticide threats
to groundwater, endangered species, and workers occupatLonally exposed to
pesticides. In April 1994, Congress delayed implementation of some of the WPS
provisions addressing field implementation (i.e. training of workers,
decontamination facilities, etc.) until January 1995. The labeling provisions,
however, took effect in 1994. In support of the WPS implementation, the Agency
provided guidance to registrants on revising labels and developing implementation
guidance and program materials for training inspectors. The Agency continued
building Regional/state capabilities in the areas of groundwater, worker
protection, and endangered species. It also provided national leadership and
coordination of this initiative. EPA continued developing guidance packages and
training and educational materials, organizing national meetings and workshops,
and providing technical assistance. In this area, EPA continued joint
coordination with other Federal agencies, especially the USDA. Additionally, the
Agency continued implementation revisions to the C&T regulations (Part 171) ,
which governs the sale of restricted use pesticides to non-certified persons.
In 1994, the C&T program supported 54 applicator programs in 49 states, the
District of Columbia, several territories to one Indian tribe.
The Regional office staff continued implementation of the major initiatives
underway in EPA, including WPS, the Groundwater Strategy, the Groundwater
Restricted Use Rule, the Endangered Species Protection Program, the Non-Point
Source Management and Wellhead Protection plans and the C&T program. These
initiatives represent major pesticide regulatory and program areas.
Headquarters and Regional office staff continued developing and managing
national training programs for the certification and training, groundwater,
endangered species and worker protection programs in cooperation with the
USDA/SCES .
Pesticides Program Implementation Grants
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,723,900 for this program, all of which
is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an increase of
$1,776,900.
In the worker protection area, states, with Regional assistance, will
enhance implementation of the Worker Protection Standards (WPS). The Agency will
continue dissemination of information on the WPS and continue improvement,
development and dissemination of training materials to ensure an effective
program. The states will be required to implement communications and education
programs. Successful implementation of the WPS and related product label changes
will continue to require massive communication and public outreach efforts to
inform workers and employers about requirements. With three to four million
workers and over one million agricultural establishments, the quality and
frequency of the training and education programs will continue to be critical to
successful implementation of the WPS requirements.
The WPS contains provisions to reduce or eliminate certain workers'
exposures to pesticides, mitigate pesticide exposures that do occur and provide
7-40
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information that will assist workers in protecting themselves. Among the
requirements are those for application and entry restrictions, training,
decontamination, emergency assistance and hazard communication. Effectiveness
of the effort requires a well targeted, high quality program in communications,
development and distribution of support materials such as videos and brochures,
training and follow-up. Implementation will require additional outreach efforts.
The additional resources for IPM support the Agency's Pesticide Use
Reduction Initiative, which was announced in June 1994. The Agency will
emphasize commodity-specific pesticide use reduction strategies and has committed
to working with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to enroll 75 percent
of agricultural acreage under IPM by the year 2000. The commodity-specific
strategy is a holistic approach to new crop production systems for pest control
and water and nutrient management, rather than focusing on one pesticide at a
time. Grants will be provided to the Regions for IPM demonstration projects and
reduced use activities. Experience has shown that successful on-farm
demonstrations influence pest control practices of many other growers. This
excellent technology transfer tool will be used in cooperation with USDA to
extend the positive effect.
In the groundwater area, the states, under Regional guidance, will continue
to develop, submit, and implement site-specific management plans for the
groundwater program. Resources will provide for implementation of state
management plans for identified pesticides that may impact groundwater in the
states. This work will require escalated state effort in conducting
vulnerability assessments and implementing management measures based on
assessments. Resources will also provide for development and implementation of
specific plans for the use of several pesticides in the states. Implementation
of the "Pesticides and Groundwater Strategy" will continue to be an important
priority for EPA and will require intense effort by Headquarters, the Regions,
states and local agencies. Additionally, in 1996, states will continue to submit
pesticide specific state management plans for approval in order to avoid
prohibition of use of those pesticides in the state. Development and
implementation of these plans will require concentrated state efforts in
conducting vulnerability assessments, monitoring, implementing management
measures, and disseminating information to users. As envisioned by the Agency's
"Groundwater Protection Strategy" and in conjunction with other EPA programs,
state grant activities will be integrated to avoid unnecessary duplication of
effort and achieve more consistent and effective protection of resources.
In the endangered species program, states have been given the opportunity
to develop state-initiated plans which can replace or modify the Federal program
with provisions that best fit local needs. The overall program will be a mixture
of federally developed provisions and local recommendations developed in the
state-initiated plans. The 1996 program will be the first year of an enforceable
endangered species program. Resources will provide for communication and
outreach efforts, especially in geographic areas with many listed species. As
the Federal program is implemented, more states will develop state-initiated
plans tailored to meet their local needs, which vary due to different crops,
species and pesticide usage. The Regions and all states will review and comment
on maps and county bulletins.
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Base activities in the certification and training (C&T) program will be
continue into 1996. Regional offices will continue to provide technical
expertise on pesticide issues such as C&T, application techniques, toxicity,
pesticide disposal, restricted use pesticides, and pesticides. Revisions to the
regulations will require states to recertify applicators at least every five
years. Consequently, every five years, almost one million certified applicators
will need to be trained, tested, or both. It is anticipated that additional
persons will require certification due to changes in the aspect of use and the
definition of various levels of restricted use products, and the level of
supervision required for application of certain restricted use pesticides.
Strengthening of the certification program and evaluation of its effectiveness
will require additional Regional and state involvement. The C&T program will
support states, territories, indian tribes and Federal agencies that have plans
for certification of private and/or commercial pesticide applicators. The
Regions will assist states in upgrading standards of competency and examinations,
and in identifying the training requirements to comply with the revised
regulations. Additionally, under the Agency's indian policy, EPA will actively
encourage tribes to adopt and administer C&T programs by supporting efforts to
assess environmental priorities on reservations.
The Agency will expand its efforts to build tribal capacity in all
pesticide programs (worker protection, endangered species, groundwater,
IPM/reduced use and C&T) through the provision of additional grant resources.
The Administration will propose legislation to include this grant program
in the Performance Partnership Initiative. A state could elect to consolidate
this and other categorical media grants into one or more multimedia or single
media grants. The state (or where applicable, tribe) could then target its most
pressing environmental problems and use the Performance Partnership grant for a
number of activities, including pollution control, abatement and enforcement.
This program will not compromise basic national objectives and legislative-
requirements .
Explanation of Change +$1,776.9K (AC&C)
This change represents investments in worker protection, Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) , and in tribal capacity, as described above;. A disinvestment
has been taken in the USDA interagency agreement for C&T training.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $14,947,000 for this program, all of
which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency is continuing implementation of the pesticide program in the
states and on indian tribal lands. States and Indian tribes are instrumental in
working with the Regions and the public in addressing site-specific pesticides
issues. The Regions continue to assist the states in keeping the public and
users informed on pesticide issues. The implementation of the Worker Protection
Standards continues to be of primary emphasis. The Regions are continuing their
assistance to the states, particularly in the development of training materials
and communication efforts. In the endangered species program, the Regions are
7-42
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providing assistance in the development of protection plans to meet state-
specific needs. In the ground water program, the Regions continue to work with
all fifty states and some indian tribes in the development and review of Generic
State Management Plans. States continue to provide state grants implementation
of the C&T program, including pesticide risk reduction in specific geographic
areas.
The states continue to carry out the C&T program in cooperation with the
USDA/State Cooperative Extension Services. These efforts strengthen
implementation of the C&T Part 171 regulations and improve communications with
the states and public on food safety issues. Additionally, states continue to
strive to ensure that applicators of Restricted Use Pesticides are knowledgeable
in all of the program's groundwater, worker protection and endangered species
initiatives.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $17,722,900, all of which was from
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The resources supported the
certification and training programs, as well as programs initiated in 1992 to
strengthen state capabilities to address problems in the protection of ground
water. In 1994, implementation of most of the provisions of the WPS began.
States continued to develop their implementation strategies, including
communications programs, education programs, and cooperation with other Federal
and state agencies.
The Agency maintained cooperative agreements with State Lead Agencies
(SLAs) to certify applicators to use RUPs. The Agency provided grants to states
to support this activity. Under the guidance of the Regions, the states
continued to implement program improvements, including revising the certification
examinations to strengthen state capabilities to address problems in ground
water, endangered species, chronic health effects, workers occupationally exposed
to pesticides, and other topics. EPA established an interagency agreement with
USDA to provide training to pesticide applicators by working through State
Cooperative Extension Services. Resources were used for the development and
implementation of training programs for non-agricultural (e.g. structural, urban)
applicators. The states continued implementation of the Regional/state
capability initiative.
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PESTICIDES
Working Capital Fund - Pesticides
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Working Capital Fund -
Pesticides
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$285.4
$285.4
$285.4
$285.4
$285.4
$285.4
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and
Compliance
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
$285.4
$285.4
$285.4
Working Capital Fund -
Pesticides
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Working Capital Fund
Pesticides
TOTAL WORKYEARS
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PESTICIDES
WORKING CAPITAL FUND
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $285,400 in 1996, an increase of $285,400
from 1995, all of which will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $285,400 in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation and reflects the establishment of the Agency's
working capital fund.
In 1996, Regional personnel will use these resources for postage for
program activities and computer services from the National Data Processing
Division. Base resources pay for program postage costs that provide all routine,
day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and includes regular First, Third, and Fourth
Class mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority mail, registered and
certified mail and pouch mail. Resources will provide for the annualization of
the January, 1995 postal rate increase of 10.3%.
Resources will provide on-going data processing and telecommunication
services for this program. These services are classified into five cost centers:
Enterprise Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical
Consulting Services and Scientific Computing Services. Resources will provide
the program's share of Depreciation of Capital Assets, Increase Service Costs,
Additional Mainframe Capacity, Investments in Network Services and Investments
in Technical Consulting Services.
Explanation of Change + $285.4K (AC&C)
The Agency's Working Capital Fund is being established in 1996. Previously
these activities and resources were funded out of the Office of Administration
and Resource Management.
1995 Program
The Agency's Working Capital Fund is being established in 1996. Previously
these activities and resources were funded out of the Office of Administration
and Resource Management.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency's Working Capital Fund is being established in 1996. Previously
these activities and resources were funded out of the Office of Administration
and Resource Management.
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PROGRAM
Pesticides Enforcement
FIFRA Funds
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enforcement
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE INCREASE
1994 BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE 1996 DECREASE DECREASE
1995 1995 1996 REQ 1996 REQ
VS VS
1995 CE 1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Pesticides Enforcement
Grants
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$7,758.7 $3,989.9 $5,805.9 $5,762.4 $4,313.4 -$1,449.0
$2,040.7 $7.3 $7.3 -$7.3
TOTAL $9,799.4 $3,989.9 $5,813.2 $5,769.7 $4,313.4 -$1,456.3
$15,700.9
TOTAL $15,700.9
$323.5
$323.5
TOTAL:
Program & Research $7,758.7 $3,989.9 $5,805.9 $5,762.4 $4,313.4 -$1,449.0 $323.5
Operations
Abatement Control and $17,741.6 $7.3 $7.3 -$7.3
Compliance
Pesticides Enforcement TOTAL $25,500.3 $3,989.9 $5,813.2 $5,769.7 $4,313.4 -$1,456.3 $323.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Pesticides Enforcement
FIFRA Funds
Pesticides Enforcement
Grants
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
122.9
64.6 92.4 90.5 59.9 -30.6
122.9 64.6 92.4 90.5
-4.7
59.9 -30.6 -4.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Pesticides Enforcement
FIFRA Funds
Pesticides Enforcement
Grants
TOTAL WORKYEARS
127.2
127.2
64.6
64.6
94.5
94.5
92.6
92.6
61.9
61.9
-30.7
-30.7
-2.7
-2.7
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PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT
PRINCIPAL OUTPUTS
Establishment Inpspections
Use/reentry and experimental
use observations
Market place inspections
Import/export inspections
State applicator license and
record inspections
State dealer record inspections
FY94
1515
25342
8043
581
17523
5582
FY95
1500
25000
8000
600
17500
6000
FY96
1500
25000
8000
600
17500
6000
7-48
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PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,313,400 supported by 61.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation. This represents a reduction of $1,449,000 and 30.7 workyears for
the Program and Research Operations appropriation, and a reduction of $7,300 for
the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
As a result of the Agency's reorganization of enforcement resources, a
number of changes have been made to the enforcement function. The Headquarters
resources for pesticides enforcement can now be found in Multimedia.
Pesticides Enforcement
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,313,400 and 61.9 total workyears for this
program, all of which will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation. This represents a reduction of $1,449,000 and 30.7 workyears for
Program and Research Operations and a reduction of $7,300 in the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation. Major changes include the following: the
transfer of 27.8 workyears to the Pesticides Program Implementation program; the
disinvestment of 4.7 workyears from the Pesticides Compliance Assistance program;
and a minor decrease for nonceiling workyears. The total request is for Regional
activities.
Due to the Agency's enforcement reorganization in late 1994, the
Headquarters component of the Pesticides Enforcement program was moved into the
Regulatory Enforcement program and the Sector and Multimedia Compliance program
located in the Multimedia media portion of the budget.
In 1996, the Regional Pesticides Enforcement program will support several
of the environmental goals identified as priorities within the 1996 budget
request. The program will emphasize implementation of priorities relating to
food safety, antimicrobials, worker protection and groundwater. The Regions will
serve as the liaison with the states in responding to interpretive questions
about enforcement of the revised Worker Protection Standard. In the laboratory
data integrity program, three Regions will continue to support Headquarters by
conducting inspections to monitor compliance with the Good Laboratory Practices
(GLP) regulations at laboratories engaged in testing in response to the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide (FIFRA) data requirements.
The Pesticides Enforcement program will also promote environmental
accountability through enforcement programs designed to build the capacity of
states and tribes to enhance public health and safety. The program will continue
to manage and oversee the state pesticide enforcement cooperative agreement
program and will continue to encourage participation of the state and Indian
tribes not currently involved in the program. The regional program will provide
enforcement training and policy guidance to the states and will work with
7-49
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headquarters in the development of national enforcement guidance. The Regions
will ensure the availability of inspector training so that the statute is
properly enforced and cases are developed soundly. The program will also
continue to conduct inspections in states without cooperative agreements. These
inspections will include import/export inspections to address the "circle of
poison" concerns.
The program will provide compliance assistance to the regulated community,
such as seminars, guidance documents, brochures, and other forms of
communications to assure knowledge of and compliance with environmental rules.
The program will work with the states to involve them in national enforcement
initiatives. The program will place increased and focused emphasis on providing
assistance to the states in developing enforcement cases based on the revised
Worker Protection Standard which takes effect in 1995.
Explanation of Change -30.7 FTE; -$1,449.OK (PRO) -$7.3K (AC&C)
A reduction of 30.7 workyears and $1,449,000 for Program and Research
Operations and a reduction of $7,300 in the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation reflect the following policy changes: the transfer of 27.8 non-
enforcement workyears to the Pesticides Program Implementation program element
as part of the continuing resolution of the enforcement reorganization; the
disinvestment of 4.7 workyears from the Pesticides Compliance Assistance program;
and a minor decrease for nonceiling workyears. The reduction to the program's
dollars reflect costs associated with the changes to the workyears.
1995 Program
The Agency allocated a total of $5,769,700 supported by 92.6 total
workyears for this program of which $5,762,400 is from the Program Research and
Operations appropriation and $7,300 from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation. In 1995, OECA is transferring 27.8 non-enforcement workyears to
the Pesticides Program Implementation program element through mid year
reprogrammings.
In 1995, the regions continue to manage and oversee the state and Federal
pesticide enforcement cooperative agreement program. Regions are providing
enforcement training and policy guidance to the states, with emphasis on
inspector training
In 1995, the regions are emphasizing implementation of pesticide
enforcement priorities for worker protection, groundwater, special action
chemicals, disposal and prevention of high risk situations involving unregistered
pesticides. In the laboratory data integrity program, Regions are supporting
Headquarters by conducting inspections to monitor compliance with the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Good Laboratory Practices
(GLP) regulations
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency allocated a total of $9,799,400 supported by 127.2
total workyears for this program, of which $7,758,700 is from the Program
7-50
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Research and Operations appropriation and $2,040,700 is from the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1994, the States conducted Pesticides inspections in six major
categories: 1) agriculture and nonagriculture pesticides were inspected to
ensure that they were being used properly (25,342); 2) records were inspected to
verify that individual license applications were in compliance with federal laws
(17,523); 3) retailers were inspected to ensure that they were in compliance with
federal laws (8,043); 4) dealers records were inspected (5,582); 5) facilities
were inspected to ensure that manufactures were observing section 7 of FIFRA
regarding the proper reporting of pesticides (1,515); and 6) pesticides crossing
international borders were inspected to ensure that respective nation's laws were
being enforced (581).
In 1994, the Agency managed and oversaw the state and Federal pesticide
enforcement cooperative agreement program. The Agency continued to provide
enforcement training and policy guidance to the states. State inspector training
was coordinated through the Regions to ensure that the statutes were properly
enforced and cases legitimately developed. The Agency conducted inspections in
states without cooperative enforcement agreements.
The Regions and states began to enforce the first worker protection
regulatory deadlines, providing specialized enforcement training and oversight.
In the laboratory data integrity program, three Regions supported Headquarters
by conducting inspections to monitor compliance with Good Laboratory Practices
(GLP) regulations at laboratories engaged in testing in response to Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) data requirements.
Pesticides Enforcement Grants
1996 Program Request
In 1996, all pesticides enforcement grant resources can be found in
Multimedia as a result of the reorganization of enforcement resources.
Explanation of Change $O.OK (AC&C)
As a result of the reorganization of enforcement resources, all pesticides
enforcement grant resources can be found in Multimedia.
1995 Program
In 1995, all pesticides enforcement grant resources can be found in
Multimedia as a result of the reorganization of enforcement resources.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $15,700,900 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These
grants are now combined into a new pesticides enforcement grant program element
created during the Agency's reorganization of enforcement resources. This
program element is located in the Multimedia media portion of the budget.
7-51
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In 1994, the Agency continued pesticides cooperative enforcement agreements
with 56 participating states and territories, and 12 agreements with Indian
Tribes and tribal organizations. The pesticides cooperative enforcement
agreement program was the primary means for ensuring public and environmental
safety from hazardous pesticides by enforcing the requirements of the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).
State activities included pesticide producer establishment and marketplace
inspections, applicator license and record inspections, dealer record
inspections, and agricultural and non-agricultural use inspections. States
promoted reduced pesticides use, use of safer pesticides, and alternatives to
chemical control. States implemented worker protection enforcement activities
under state implementation plans and state management plans to reduce pesticides
in groundwater.
In 1994, resources supported the Administration's goal of pesticide use
reduction. State inspection and case development activities were reduced to
allow States to concentrate on this program which has greater potential for risk
reduction. States combined inspections and FIFRA compliance activities,
emphasizing specific groups of users, producers and growers with the greatest
potential for reduced pesticide use.
7-52
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
TOXIC SUBSTANCES 8-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Toxics Substances Research 8-9
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Toxic Substances Strategies 8-23
Chemical Assessment and Management Program 8-25
National Program Chemicals 8-28
Lead State Grants 8-30
Chemical Testing 8-31
Existing Chemical Review 8-32
New Chemical Review 8-35
Regional Toxics Program . 8-37
Asbestos in Buildings 8-38
Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know 8-40
Emergency Planning and Community Right, to Know 8-41
Working Capital Fund - Toxic Substances 8-44
Working Capital Fund - Toxic Substances 8-45
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement 8-47
Toxic Substances Enforcement 8-49
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants 8-51
Emergency Planning & Community Right to Know Enforcement 8-53
Emergency Planning & Community Right to Know Enforcement . . . 8-54
-------
-------
APPROPRIATION
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Reimbursements
TOTAL, Toxic Substances
$51,759.8 $53,384.5 $56,533.2 $56,555.5 $56,357.3 -$198.2 $2,972.8
$69,544.0 $61,761.8 $59,737.8 $61,199.5 $54,729.6 -$6,469.9 -$7,032.2
$13,369.7 $13,745.5 $8,740.2 $8,507.5 $5,439.2 -$3,068.3 -$8,306.3
$134,673.5 $128,891.8 $125,011.2 $126,262.5 $116,526.1 -$9,736.4 -$12,365.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
754.6
779.1
767.3
767.3
846.5
863.9
838.5
855.1
764.1
780.0
-74.4
-75.1
-3.2
12.7
$129,944.5 $133,573.4 $130,100.7 $129,621.5 $116,490.6 -$13,130.9 -$17,082.4
Authorization to appropriate funds for the Toxic Substances Control Act expired on
September 30, 1983. Reauthorization is pending. The Environmental Research, Development
and Demonstration Act expired September 30, 1981. Reauthorization is pending.
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
DIFFERENCE
PRES.
BUDGET ENACTED
1995 1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
ENACTED VS
PRES. BUD
EST. VS EST. VS
PRES. BUD ENACTED
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Reimbursements
TOTAL, Toxic Substances
$53,384.5 $56,533.2 $56,555.5 $3,148.7 $3,171.0 $22.3
$61,761.8 $59,737.8 $61,199.5 -$2,024.0 -$562.3 $1,461.7
$13,745.5 $8,740.2 $8,507.5 -$5,005.3 -$5,238.0 -$232.7
$128,891.8 $125,011.2 $126,262.5 -$3,880.6 -$2,629.3 $1,251.3
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
767.3
767.3
846.5
863.9
838.5
855.1
79.2
96.6
71.2
87.8
-8.0
-8.8
The following points list the major reasons that the dollars devoted to this media have changed from the
submission of the President's FY 1995 Budget Request to the FY 1995 Current Estimate.
Program and Research Operations
o Funds were redistributed for contractor conversion workyears and higher priority Agency activities such
as dioxin reassessment and the Environmental Technology Initiative.
o Funds were decreased as part of a general reduction required by Public Law No. 103-327.
o Congressional action has resulted in reductions in the Program and Research Operations (PRO) account
within the Infrastructure issue.
o The distribution of PRO dollars associated with the Agency's contract reform initiative has impacted
Infrastructure issue account balances.
Abatement. Control and Compliance
o
Funds were redirected from lower prior activities to emerging priorities such as the dioxin
reassessment, and for contractor conversion workyears.
Funds were increased due to the inclusion of congressionally- directed projects in lead abatement, core
TSCA activities, and asbestos worker training grants.
Research and Development
o
Congressional action to ORD's Research and Development (R&D) account has resulted in additional
resources to the Health Effects issue, and reductions to portions of the Biotechnology, Air Toxics, and
Environmental Review of Toxic Chemicals issues.
Implementation of the Agency's contract reform initiative has impacted account balances within the
Ecosystem Protection, Biotechnology, Health Effects, and the Environmental Review of Toxic Chemicals
issues.
8-2
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The toxic substances media includes responsibility for environmental
programs carried out under six major statutes, with emphases on preventing
pollution and reducing risks associated with toxic chemicals. The Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA) is designed to protect human health and the
environment from unreasonable risks arising from the manufacture, processing,
distribution, use or disposal of new or existing chemical substances. The
Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) authorizes the Agency to work with private and
public sectors to prevent toxic chemical pollution. The Asbestos Hazard
Emergency Response Act (AHERA) , requires inspection for and abatement of asbestos
in all public and private schools, and requires EPA to examine similar asbestos
exposure issues in public and commercial buildings. The Asbestos School Hazard
Abatement Act (ASHAA) authorizes EPA to provide financial assistance as loans or
grants to local education agencies to conduct asbestos abatement projects in
school buildings. Section 313 of Title III of the Emergency Planning and
Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA) requires facilities that emit toxic materials
to report those emissions to EPA, and requires EPA to collect and provide the
data to the public. Finally, Title X of the Residential Lead-based Paint Hazard
Reduction Act of 1992 requires EPA to provide a comprehensive national approach
to dealing with lead-based paint in the nation's housing stock.
The primary goals of the core toxic substances program (chemical assessment
and management, and stewardship of national program chemicals) are to identify
and prevent the introduction into the environment of chemicals that may be
harmful to human health or the environment, and to mitigate the effects on the
environment and human health of toxic chemicals already present in commerce.
This is done in such a manner as not to impede unduly, or create unnecessary
economic barriers, to technological innovation. The objectives of the core TSCA
program have been undertaken using a regulatory approach, which is increasingly
giving way to a voluntary compliance approach with emphasis on pollution
prevention as the strategy of first choice.
Chemical assessment and management relies on chemical testing and
scientific analysis to gain knowledge about the environmental and health effects
of toxic chemicals. Without a thorough understanding of the health and
environmental effects of chemicals, sound chemical management cannot be achieved.
The Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) program captures information about the release
into the environment of toxic chemicals. This information is provided to the
public and state and local governments detailing the types, sources and amounts
of toxic chemicals released into the environment. An objective of the program
is to empower local communities, groups and individual citizens with TRI data to
support their efforts to reduce, eliminate or otherwise address the risks to
health and the environment associated with toxic chemical releases. A proposed
Chemical Use Inventory will expand on TRI release data to include the use of
toxic chemicals.
The polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) risk reduction program under section
6 of TSCA is designed to restrict the introduction into the environment of PCBs,
8-3
-------
a chemical harmful to humans, to limit exposure to PCBs that are in use in
electrical equipment, and to mitigate potential harmful effects to human health
and the environment in case of spills, leaks or other releases of PCBs into the
environment, including cleaning up sites contaminated by PCBs.
Headquarters and Regional programs that focus on chemicals of national
concern (chemicals that are widely dispersed and with wide human exposures) try
to reduce the health risks from contaminants in residential and workplace
settings. Health hazards from lead contamination may be found in paint, dust,
and drinking water. Asbestos and other hazardous fibers are commonly found as
indoor air contaminants. Dioxin, a toxic chemical that accumulates in the
environment, is commonly found associated with many industrial processes. The
environmental justice program concentrates on assuring that the human health
risks posed by toxic chemicals, and the environmental benefits of pollution
prevention efforts, are shared equitably by all segments of society.
1996 Program Highlights
Research and Development
The Office of Research and Development will continue to support the Office
of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances (OPPTS) by conducting research in
areas related to toxic substances. Research will provide knowledge on potential
risks posed by the release of biotechnology products into the environment. Human
exposure investigation will continue to develop techniques for monitoring and
assessing human exposures to toxic substances from all sources and routes of
exposure. Scientists will prepare initial protocols of both source-based and
population-based assessments related to exposure monitoring. Health effects
research assessment will improve the biological basis for health risk assessment
and will develop and validate biomarkers of exposure to link research with
epidemiological studies.
Health risk assessment research will provide guidelines for data procedures
for bioassays and computerized approaches related to risk evaluation. Scientists
reviewing the environmental impacts of toxic chemicals will support test methods
for neurotoxicity by producing new and revised test guidelines.
Abatement, Control and Compliance
A new investment in dioxin will continue Agency efforts to evaluate the
effects that dioxin may have on human health and the environment. EPA will
conduct studies leading to a better understanding of the effects this toxic
chemical has on humans and the environment and the major sources of dioxin
contamination.
Increases in lead state grants will provide funds to train and certify
state and local employees, increase public education and technical assistance,
develop and distribute guidance to renovators and remodelers and simultaneously
provide employment opportunities in lead abatement.
Workyear disinvestments in the TSCA existing chemicals risk management
program will reduce the level of chemical-specific risk management reviews.
8-4
-------
Other disinvestments are a result of streamlining and management improvements
resulting in cost savings related to data information systems and a consolidation
of outreach services.
Disinvestments in the TRI program include contractor dollar reductions in
support of EPCRA section 313 expansion rulemaking. Dollar resources needed for
rulemaking related to TRI facility and chemical expansion will be reduced in 1996
due to the completion of contractor support activities. Additional
disinvestments include streamlining or project completions in TRI data analysis
and use activities, TRI forms processing activities, TRI imaging activities, and
emergency preparedness.
The reduction in the fibers risk reduction program is a result of the phase
out of the asbestos loan and grant program. As no new loans have been made since
1993, costs and administrative costs associated with the loan and grant program
can be reduced. The Agency continues to track disbursements and repaymetns of
existing loans.
Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring
The major objective of the Agency's toxic substances enforcement program
is to develop an effective national compliance monitoring program with
appropriate coverage of all enforceable TSCA regulations. The enforcement
program depends upon the assistance of state agencies which conduct compliance
monitoring inspections for PCBs and asbestos under the terms of cooperative
enforcement agreements. Thirty-five states currently participate in the TSCA
cooperative enforcement agreement program. State enforcement programs emphasize
compliance monitoring of existing chemical control rules, particularly those for
asbestos and PCBs. States may only conduct inspections. Enforcement actions
must be issued by the Regions because no state has "equivalent" state authority
as mandated by TSCA. A limited number of TSCA multimedia state grants are
piloted, encouraging states to assume additional comprehensive TSCA enforcement
responsibilities, allowing for greater enforcement coverage and locally tailored
programs.
The toxic substances enforcement program also supports the enforcement
provisions of EPCRA's Toxic Release Inventory. EPA's inspection program ensures
that manufacturers, processors, and users of TRI chemicals comply with
requirements to report emissions and discharges of toxic chemicals. The EPCRA
TRI enforcement program has expanded to target late reporting and data quality
violations.
In 1996, the compliance monitoring program will implement a new sector-
based approach to compliance assurance to better address environmental risk. In
addition, lead exposure will receive increased emphasis within EPA's enforcement
program.
Fees
Section 5 of TSCA requires that chemical manufacturers notify the Agency
at least 90 days before the commercial manufacture of a new chemical. EPA's
review process is called the Premanufacture Notice (PMN) process; new chemical
8-5
-------
submissions are called PMNs. There are several exemptions to the PMN process,
such as low volume and polymer exemptions. TSCA allows the Agency to collect
fees up to $2500 ($100 for small businesses) for each PMN submission. The toxic
substances program will continue to collect PMN fees authorized by TSCA. The
fees are deposited into the General Fund. An estimated $3,000,000 in fees will
be collected in 1996.
Presidential Investments
EPA's Design for the Environment (DfE) activities are a key component of
the President's Environmental Technology Initiative (ETI). The goal of the DfE
program is to promote the inclusion of pollution prevention principles and ideas
into the initial design phase of the manufacturing process. Activities under ETI
include work with electronic work stations, printing and dry-cleaning.
Environmental Goals
Prevention of Wastes and Harmful Chemical Releases
Activities within this goal include the TSCA section 5 new chemicals and
biotechnology review program, and the TSCA section 6 existing chemicals review
program and environmental justice activities.
Improved Understanding of the Environment
Activities within this goal include the TSCA section 4 chemical testing
program; the headquarters and Regional TRI program; and development of a chemical
use inventory.
Cleanup of Contaminated Sites
Activities included within this goal are the headquarters and Regional
components of the TSCA section 6 PCS risk reduction program.
Safe Indoor Environments
Activities included within this goal are the headquarters and Regional
components of the lead risk reduction program and the fibers risk reduction
program, including asbestos abatement.
8-6
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
ACTUAL
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1995 1996
INCREASE (+)
DECREASE (-)
1995 VS 1996
Incremental Outputs
Existing Chemical Review
Sec. 8(e)'s Received 474
Sec. 8(e)'s Processed 4,133
FYI Received 78
Triage Hazard Screens 3,630
Hazard Screens From Clusters 120
RM1 Cases Completed 14
RM2 Investigations Begun.... 5
RM2 Cases Completed 2
Post RM2 Completions 2
SNURs and Other Rulemakings. 6
PCB Rulemakings 4
PCB Disposal Permits 34
Sec. 21 Responses 4
New Chemical Review
400
,600
80
,600
200**
18
4
8
3
9
3
30
4
400
400
80
,000
200
18
3
4
5
7
2
27
4
-3200*
-2600*
-1
-4
+2
-2
-1
-3
Rulemakings
New Chemical Submissions.
1
,644
New Chemical Control Actions*** 320
Biotechnology Notices 4
Biotechnology Control Actions 2
New Chemical SNURs 33
Receipt of Test Data 50
Bona Fide Submissions 293
Commencement Notices 909
1
2,700
300
6
3
50
100
350
1,000
1
2,700
300
5
2
50
100
350
1,000
-1
-1
* Due to the 8(e) Compliance Audit Program (CAP) project, a voluntary program
to obtain outstanding 8(e) data through company audits, EPA received a large
volume of 8(e) CAPs in 1992 and 1993. The backlog in processing 8(e) CAPs is
projected to be eliminated prior to the beginning of 1996.
** Assumes four clusters: 1) lithographic blanket washes; 2) wall paint; 3)
solvents for machine manufacture and rebuilding; 4) printed wiring board.
*** 5(e) Regulatory Decisions consisting of 5(e) consent orders, bans pending
testing, and non-5(e) SNURs.
8-7
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
ACTUAL
1994
CURRENT
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1995 1996
INCREASE (+)
DECREASE (-)
1995 VS 1996
Incremental Outputs
Chemical Testing
Pub'd Guidelines (New/Revised) 0
Chemicals in Proposed
Testing Actions 251
Chemicals in Final
Testing Actions 77
Test Standard Modifications
Granted „ 17
Chemical Testing Programs
Underway * 173
Individual Studies Rec'd 402
Chemical Testing Programs
Completed 12
Final Testing Results Sent
to RM 24
RM Decisions Made 31
Title III
TRI Forms Received 90,000
TRI Forms Processed 79,800
Notices of Noncompliance.... 50
Receipt of Corrected Forms.. 15,000
Petitions Received 3
On-Site Technical Audits.... 0
Rulemakings 8
Asbestos-in-Buildings
Abatement Projects Closed Out 145
State Waiver Programs
Developed (cumulative) 2
State Accreditation Programs
Developed (cumulative) 1
10
250
75
15
175
200
50
25
30
95,000
85,000
100
15,000
5
100
7
140
3
10
10
250
75
15
175
200
50
25
30
110,000
100,000
100
15,000
10
100
7
0
5
20
+15,000*
+15,000*
+5
-140**
+2
+10***
* Increased projection is due to TRI expansion activities.
** All ASHAA-awarded abatement work will be completed by the end of 1995.
*** Reflects the number of state programs that have upgraded to comply with new
TSCA Title II standards promulgated in 1994. Previous totals showed state
programs that had complied with the original standards adopted in 1987.
8-8
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Toxic Substances
Research
Program & Research $7,931.7 $9,196.5 $9,745.4 $9,701.2 $10,051.2 $350.0 $854.7
Operations
Abatement Control and $394.0
Compliance
Research & Development $13,369.7 $13,745.5 $8,740.2 $8,507.5 $5,439.2 -$3,068.3 -$8,306.3
TOTAL $21,685.4 $22,942.0 $18,485.6 $18,208.7 $15,490.4 -$2,718.3 -$7,451.6
TOTAL:
Program & Research $7,921.7 $9,196.5 $9,745.4 $9,701.2 $10,051.2 $350.0 $854.7
Operations
Abatement Control and $394.0
Compliance
Research & Development $13,369.7 $13,745.5 $8,740.2 $8,507.5 $5,439.2 r$3,068.3 -$8,306.3
Toxic Substances TOTAL $21,685.4 $22,942.0 $18,485.6 $18,208.7 $15,490.4 -$2,718.3 -$7,451.6
Research
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Toxic Substance 117.9 124.0 170.2 168.1 148.7 -19.4 24.7
Research
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 117.9 124.0 170.2 168.1 148.7 -19.4 24.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Toxic Substance 124.3 124.0 170.2 168.1 148.7 -19.4 24.7
Research
TOTAL WORKYEARS 124.3 124.0 170.2 168.1 148.7 -19.4 24.7
8-9
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES RESEARCH
PRINCIPAL OUTPUTS
1996 o Report on methods to assess immunotoxic potential of environmental
chemicals.
o Prepare a report on methods for assessment of ocular toxicity
suitable for regulatory application.
o Publish a report on evaluation of DNA reactivity to trihalomethanes.
o Prepare a report on sensory evaluations using behavioral tests:
implications for risk assessment.
1995 o Establish a first tier in vitro neurotoxicity screen.
o Publish a report on androgen receptor binding by metabolites of
vinclozolin, a model compound for evaluation of endocrine'
disruption.
o Prepare a report on the relationship between DNA adducts and tumor
potency for PAHs for estimating cancer risk.
o Prepare a report on developmental markers of neurotoxicity:
implications for risk assessment.
o Prepare molecular fingerprinting to evaluate genetic diversity
following release of recombinant organisms.
o Adapt laboratory methods for the assessment of Genetically
Engineered Microorganisms (GEM) effects in field and greenhouse
model systems.
1994 o Published a review paper on application of SAR methods to non-
congeneric data bases (Mutation Research, 305, 1994).
o Prepared a paper on the role of computational chemistry in support
of hazard identification (Toxicology Letters).
o Prepared a report on development of biomarkers for use in
epidemiological studies.
o Published a report on the use of genetic toxicity databases for
hazard ranking.
o Prepared a report on dose-response relationships for environmentally
relevant coplanar PCBs.
o Finished a study of the ecological risks in the Savannah river
watershed: problem formulation phase.
o Completed a study on the exposure and hazard assessments of small
mammals to chemical contaminants.
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
TOXIC SUBSTANCES RESEARCH
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,490,400 and 148.7 total workyears for
1996, a decrease of $2,718,300 and 19.4 workyears from 1995. Of the request,
$10,051,200 will be for Program and Research Operations, and $5,439,200 will be
for the Research and Development appropriation. This represents an increase of
$350,000 in the Program and Research Operation appropriation, and a decrease of
$3,068,300 in the Research and Development appropriation.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $18,208,700 and 168.1 total workyears
for this program element, of which $9,701,200 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation, $8,507,500 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $21,685,400 and 124.3 total workyears for
this program element, of which $7,921,700 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $13,369,700 was from the Research and Development
appropriation, and $394,000 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
Research Issues
The Toxic Substances Research Program supports the Program Office and
focuses on the development, validation and refinement of test methods to be
incorporated into protocols and guidelines for use by industry in submitting data
to EPA in response to'the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). Research, which
is intended to support human and environmental risk assessments, includes
research in biotechnology on gene viability and movement in the environment to
construct models to estimate the environmental parameters that influence gene
exchange. Research also includes the development of techniques for monitoring
and assessing human exposures to toxic substances; improving the biological basis
for health risk assessment involving environmental epidemiology, physiologically
based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models research, and biologically based dose
response (BBDR) models; and producing guidelines on test methods for
neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, and
pulmonary toxicity. Researchers also will produce guidelines on data procedures
for bioassay and computerized approaches to risk evaluation.
The sections below describe research program issues by each fiscal year.
8-11
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Ecosystems Protection
1996 Program Request
Toxic Substances Program Element resources are not requested in 1996 for
the Integrated Ecosystem Protection and Restoration Research Program.
Explanation of Change -21.0 FTE -$525.9K (R&D)
The decrease of $525,900 and 21.0 workyears in the Toxics Substances media
for the Integrated Ecosystem Protection and Restoration Research program is the
result of redirecting resources into the Multimedia Program Element for
activities associated with studies of multiple, interacting toxic substances on
systems, and the assessment of the risk posed by toxic substances in comparison
to other systems level stresses. Because research in 1996 will focus on a more
holistic view of ecosystems, rather than on individual toxic substances, this
research is being redirected to Multimedia.
1995 Program
The Agency consolidated the ecological research issue plans into an
integrated program. This reorganized program allows the Agency to protect
ecosystems from the cumulative effects of both natural and anthropogenic stress.
The goal of the new Integrated Ecosystem Protection and Restoration Research
Program is to develop the scientific understanding and techniques required for
effective integrated ecological risk assessment and ecosystem protection at
multiple scales. This change reflects the transition from single stressor,
single species, toxicological research to a more holistic view of the way the
environment is being affected by multiple stressors and at the ecosystem level.
Activities in toxic substances include ecological risk methods assessment.
Research is focusing on the development of assessment methods for
determining the risk that toxic substances pose, in comparison to other
stressors, in select ecosystems. Studies include hazard assessment techniques,
development and testing of predictive ecological risk assessment models,
assessments of the effects of pesticides in experimental ecosystems, and
wildlife. Each of these studies are contributing needed information and methods
for use in the Integrated Ecosystem Protection and Restoration Research program.
1994 Accomplishments
EPA completed several projects which support the Integrated Ecosystem
Protection and Restoration in both the Toxic Substances Program Media and
Pesticides Media. These include: 1) methods for measuring the toxicity and
bioaccumulation of sediment associated contaminants within freshwater
invertebrates; 2) the effects of water temperature on toxicity of 4-nitophenol
and 2,4-dinitrophenol on rainbow trout and sheepshead minnows; and 3) predicted
chronic lethality of chemicals to fishes from acute toxicity data.
8-12
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Biotechnology
1996 Program Request
Information regarding fate release of biological products is often limited
by the ability to culture environmentally-isolated microbes for identification
and enumeration. In addition, better understanding of the movement of
microorganisms through the environment, either by natural elements, or through
associations with higher organisms is needed.
The Agency requests a total of $974,400 and 24.1 workyears for 1996, a
decrease of $1,993,300 and an increase of 0.1 workyears. The request of $974,400
will be for the Research and Development appropriation. The Program and Research
Operations appropriation funding related to workyears can be found under the
Toxic Substances Research Infrastructure Issue.
Researchers will pursue studies of gene viability and movement in the
environment to construct models that estimate the environmental parameters that
influence gene exchange. The object is to provide methods to predict gene
stability and rates of transfer in the environment to assess the risk from the
distinct and sometimes unique (engineered) genetic sequences of released
biotechnology products.
Explanation of Change '+0.1 FTE -$1,993.3K (R&D)
These resources have been shifted to fund other emerging Agency priorities.
Biotechnology research is 'being reduced because it is considered to be of lower
risk and will permit expansion of new programs in areas where higher risk is
believed to exist. The remaining Office of Research and Development base for
biotechnology research overall is in excess of $2,500,000 in extramural funding,
with a slight increase in resource levels for in-house research.
1995 Program
Researchers are developing a better understanding of the movement of
organisms which are products of biotechnology through the environment, either by
the natural elements, or through associations with higher organisms. Researchers
are continuing studies on the mechanisms and dynamics of transport among and
within various environmental components, such as air, soil, groundwater, plants,
insects, and animals. Scientists are identifying and describing biochemical,
physiological, and environmental factors influencing the survival, fitness, and
competition potential to displace indigenous communities or cause undesirable
effects in the environment.
Scientists are completing a field demonstration for which a bacterium,
designed to degrade trichloroethylene in contaminated groundwater, is released
and monitored for efficacy, fate, and adverse environmental effects. Researchers
are testing an environmental gene expression model designed to estimate the
degree of DNA damage resulting from natural and anthropogenic stresses. The
Agency is establishing a modeling framework to examine the environmental
parameters that influence gene exchange.
8-13
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EPA is investigating gene expression to facilitate gene transfer and gene
stability research. Scientists are developing methods to monitor gene
expression, which may be used to monitor any microbially mediated process for
which adequate gene probes are available. Researchers are determining whether
released organisms are carrying out the processes for which they were designed,
and they are determining the duration and effectiveness of the organisms after
release.
1994 Accomplishments
The biotransformation of mercury in the environment is a matter of
considerable interest and studies were conducted to better understand the
interchange between its various forms. A report on merA gene expression in
aquatic environments measured by mRNA production and mercury volatilization was
published. Such studies will allow researchers to trace the specific genes in
the microorganisms responsible for mercury biotransformation.
Powerful new techniques have recently been developed which allow scientists
to detect minute amounts of DNA in environmental samples. Polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) is such a technique but methods to isolate DNA from other
materials are necessary. A report on an effective method to extract DNA from
environmental samples for PCR amplification and DNA fingerprinting has been
published. Such studies allow researchers to follow gerve transfer in the
environment.
Another technique used to trace the sources of carbon and nitrogen in
particular segments of the environment is the use of stable isotopes. A report
on the use of stable isotopes to study microbial processes in estuaries has been
published. The benefit of such studies is that the specific source, such as
sewage treatment plant outfalls, of organic carbon and nitrogen in microbial
populations can be traced and responsibility for pollution and its effects can
be pinpointed.
Human Exposure
1996 Program Request
Accurate prediction of exposures to new and existing chemicals is one of
the largest uncertainties in evaluating the potential human health risks. This
program focuses on developing the appropriate models and scenarios for improving
the exposure assessments used to evaluate toxic substances.
The Agency requests a total of $1,135,000 and 6.8 workyears for 1996, a
decrease of $3,800 and an increase of 1.7 workyears. The request of $1,135,000
will be for the Research and Development appropriation. The Program and Research
Operations appropriation funding related to workyears can be found under the
Toxic Substances Research Infrastructure Issue.
Researchers will continue the development of techniques for monitoring and
assessing human exposures to toxic substances. Research includes an effort to
define and quantify a series of standard activity scenarios and exposure related
factors for use in the development of exposure monitoring and assessment
8-14
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guidelines. Scientists will prepare initial protocols for both source-based and
population-based assessment.
Explanation of Change +1.7 FTE -$3.8K (R&D)
There is no material change in resources for this issue in 1996.
1995 Program
Researchers are utilizing the techniques developed for monitoring and
assessing human exposures to toxic substances for collecting information to
develop standard activity scenarios and exposure related factors for use in the
development of exposure monitoring and assessment guidelines. The techniques
include both source-based and population-based assessment approaches.
Researchers are continuing to develop techniques for monitoring and
assessing human exposures to toxic substances. Research includes an effort to
define and quantify a series of standard activity scenarios and exposure related
factors for use in the development of exposure monitoring and assessment
guidelines. Scientists are preparing initial protocols for both source-based and
population-based assessment.
1994 Accomplishments
Progress continues to be made in developing techniques for measuring
chemicals in and around the home and their relationship to various activities.
These results will be applied to improving the exposure scenarios for use in risk
assessment.
Health Effects
1996 Program Request
Concerns about potential risks to human health resulting from exposure to
pesticides and toxic substances have formed the basis for most major regulatory
programs of EPA. The scientific basis for assessing the potential hazards and
risks presented by environmental exposures is generally weak. The need to
improve upon the default assumptions and address the uncertainties of current
health risk assessment procedures provides the rationale for research to improve
the methods, models and data which underlie assessment methods. New and improved
risk assessment methods, models and data will increase confidence in the
scientific basis for risk management decision making, for comparative risk
assessment.
The Agency requests a total of $1,599,000 and 50.2 workyears for 1996, a
decrease of $114,700 and an increase of 0.5 in workyears. The request of
$1,599,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. The Program
and Research Operations appropriation funding related to workyears can be found
under the Toxic Substances Research Infrastructure Issue.
The Health Effects research program is focused on improving the biological
basis for health risk assessment. Risk assessment consists of four interrelated
8-15
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steps: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and
risk characterization. To support health risk assessment, research is conducted
to develop biological assays, predictive models, and chemical-specific data.
In 1996 research will focus on improving the biological basis for health
risk assessment, including environmental epidemiology, physiologically based
pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models research, and biologically based dose response
(BBDR) models research. Scientists will develop and validate biomarkers of
exposure, particularly DNA adduct formation, to support the characterization of
target tissue doses and human exposures, and to link laboratory and clinical
research with epidemiological studies. Research on PBPK models will focus on
arsenic speciation and bioavailability, and support route-to-route extrapolation
of toxicity studies, which is of interest to many regulatory programs.
Researchers will develop BBDR models that emphasize characterization of the
biological response at the target tissues to the dose. Research into the
mechanisms of toxicity and biological (disease) outcomes will focus on
neurotoxicity, developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, and cancer.
Scientists will develop BBDR models that will enable more confident extrapolation'
from animal studies to the human condition. Anticipated research outcomes
include peer-reviewed publications , regulatory program consultations, and reports
synthesizing research studies on neurotoxicity and arsenic. Researchers working
on the National Cancer Institute (NCI)/EPA/ National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences (NIEHS) agricultural health study will publish an interim report
on the study design and pilot studies conducted in Iowa and North Carolina.
Explanation of Change +0.5 FTE -$114.7K (R&D)
Decreases reflect the absence of funding for the 1995 Congressional earmark
for neurotoxicity research. This reduction is partially offset by a restoration
of funding supporting health risk assessments research.
1995 Program
The NCI/EPA/NIEHS epidemiology study is preparing a progress report on the
status of the long-term study on the exposure to agricultural pesticides and
chemicals of farm workers and their families. Researchers are in the process of
publishing an evaluation of the need for additional uncertainty factors for risk
assessment of developmental neurotoxicity. The Agency also is publishing a
report on the mechanisms of neurotoxicity for aluminum to support development of
a biologically based dose response model, and strategies for identifying
chemicals that can produce neurodegenerative disease. Scientists are preparing
a report on research that identifies chemicals related to PCBs with potential
neurotoxicity.
Scientists are continuing research on neurodegenerative disease, and on
mechanisms of neurotoxicity related to the development of nervous system
dysfunction and disease. Researchers are concentrating on mechanisms of
reproductive and developmental toxicity related to the extrapolation of
toxicological data between high and low doses of chemicals and between animals
and humans. Scientists also are focusing on the development of a quantitative
8-16
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weight-of-evidence scheme for mutagenicity and systemic toxicity to examine
correlations across endpoints and to rank chemicals.
Congressional Directives: A total of $300,200 is for the Congressionally
directed project on neurotoxicity research, of which $6,200 is for the Small
Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program in the Multimedia Program Element in
the Innovative Technologies Research Issue.
1994 Accomplishments
Researchers published several key reports in 1994. These reports included:
1) development of biomarkers for use in epidemiological studies; 2) the use of
genetic toxicity databases for hazard ranking; and 3) dose-response relationships
for environmentally relevant coplanar PCBs.
Health Risk Assessment Methods
1996 Program Request
Risk assessment methods provide the foundation for regulatory assessment
and action. Yet EPA is hampered in assessing environmental health risks by large
gaps in biological data and uncertainties in risk assessment models. EPA is
addressing this problem by improving the data and analytical methodologies that
support assessment, comparison and reduction of environmental health risk.
The Agency requests a total of $207,200 and 1.8 workyear for 1996, a
decrease of $45,800 and an increase of 0.8 in workyears. The request of $207,200
will be for the Research and Development appropriation. The Program and Research
Operations appropriation funding related to workyears can be found under the
Toxic Substances Research Infrastructure Issue.
Researchers will produce final versions of guidelines on data procedures for
bioassay and computerized approaches to risk evaluation.
Explanation of Change +0.8 FTE -$45.8K (R&D)
These resources have been reduced to provide funding for other Agency
priorities in 1996.
1995 Program
Draft guidelines regarding data procedures for bioassay and computerized
approaches related to risk evaluation will be published for review and comment.
1994 Accomplishments
Quality assurance procedures for the Agency were developed and reviewed by
EPA researchers.
5-17
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Environmental Review of Toxic Chemicals
1996 Program Request
Concerns about potential risks to human health resulting from exposure to
pesticides and toxic substances have formed the basis for most major regulatory
programs of EPA. The scientific basis for identifying the potential hazards and
risks presented by environmental exposures is generally weak. The need to
improve upon existing evaluative methods provides the rationale for research to
improve the methods, models and data which underlie assessment methods. New and
improved methods for evaluating chemicals are needed.
The Agency requests a total of $512,700 and 28.9 workyears for 1996, a
decrease of $225,600 in resources and 0.5 workyears. The request of $512,700
will be for the Research and Development appropriation. The Program and Research
Operations appropriation funding related to workyears can be found under the
Toxic Substances Research Infrastructure Issue.
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) test rules are designed to provide
appropriate qualitative and quantitative identification and characterization of
chemical hazards. These rules are based on research which supports the
development, evaluation, validation and ongoing refinement of the testing
requirements with which industry must comply. Since cost, time and technical
factors are major considerations in promulgating test rules, EPA will continue
to conduct research needed to ensure feasibility. Interpretation of study
results will complement this research to enable agency risk assessors to utilize
results appropriately. Research to support development and/or refinement of test
methods for neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive and developmental
toxicity, and pulmonary toxicity will produce new and/or revised guidelines for
testing these endpoints.
Explanation of Change -0.5 FTE -$225.6K (R&D)
These resources have been shifted to other high risk emerging priorities
within the Agency. The impact of the reductions will be minimal since the
program is primarily conducted with in-house resources. Areas of research to
be reduced include development of new or improved methods to assess
immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and developmental and reproductive toxicity.
1995 Program
Scientists are developing generic scenarios for premanufacture notification
(PMN) reviews in the foundry and casting industries. Researchers are developing
an expert system for classifying and identifying organic pollutants from mass
spectra. They also are developing liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
(LC/MS) test procedures for commercial products to be incorporated into test
guidelines.
Researchers are providing state-of-the-art, cost effective, scientifically
sound test methods to prevent the introduction of toxic chemicals into the
environment. Research on interpretive models and estimation techniques is
allowing the program offices to effectively assess classes of chemicals based on
8-18
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structure, physical parameters, biological activity, chemical properties, and
exposure parameters. Scientists are producing guidance documents for the
identification and regulation of neurotoxic chemicals, and premanufacture
notification (PMN) reviews from various industries, such as oil and coal,
electronics, and foundry/casting.
1994 Accomplishments
EPA researchers prepared several key documents in 1994. These documents
include: 1) a review paper on application of Structural Activity Relationship
(SAR) methods to non-congeneric data bases (Mutation Research, 305. 1994); and
2) a paper on the role of computational chemistry in support of hazard
identification (Toxicology Letters, submitted 1994).
Lead and Other Heavy Metals
1996 Program Request
Research in several areas provide support for the development and
implementation of a national infrastructure for lead abatement: (a) the
evaluation and improvement of newly emerging field methods for the detection and
measurement of lead in paint and house dust; (b) the comparison of existing
laboratory methods for the detection and measurement of lead in soil and street
dust; and (c) the evaluation and improvement of newly emerging field and
laboratory technologies for measuring lead in soil and street dust.
The Agency requests a total of $600,300 and 1.9 workyears for 1996, a
decrease of $101,800 in resources. The request of $600,300 will be for the
Research and Development appropriation. The Program and Research Operations
appropriation funding related to workyears can be found under the Toxic
Substances Research Infrastructure Issue.
To support the development and implementation of the national
infrastructure for lead abatement needed to meet Title X requirements,
researchers will continue evaluating newly emerging field technology for the
detection and measurement of lead in paint, soil, and dust, as well as the
comparison and improvement of existing methods for making such measurements.
Scientists will also continue research on the fractional gastrointestinal
absorption of lead in children to improve biokinetic parameters of the EPA
Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) Model for Lead.
Explanation of Change No Change FTE -$101.8K (R&D)
Lead research will be reduced in 1996 to fund other Agency priorities.
Activities being reduced include the evaluation of new field technologies for the
detection and measurement of lead in soil and dust. Accreditation criteria and
protocols for lead in paint, dust or soil have been written, and funding has not
been requested for updating or refining them.
1995 Program
Research is continuing to provide support for the development and
8-19
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implementation of a national infrastructure for lead abatement. Because of
reduced resources, research is narrowed to focus on fewer measurement methods,
and progress in completing the evaluations of the methods tested is proceeding
at a slower pace. Researchers also are conducting studies to improve biokinetic
parameters of the EPA IEUBK model for lead in children and adults, including the
initiation of studies on fractional gastrointestinal absorption of lead at
concentrations typical for dietary and water intakes of U.S. children.
1994 Accomplishments
Progress was made in work to improve calibration and field procedures for
lead detection instruments for measuring lead in paint, dust, and soils,
resulting in an EPA report "X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Quality Assurance Study with
a Gold External Reference Progress Report: Phase I" and "Advances in the Quality
Assurance for XRF Determinations of Lead in Painted Surfaces". Also, scientists
completed data collection for evaluation of an Automated Locating and Data
Handling System for X-ray Fluorescence Analysis in the Field. Progress was also
made on development of new and improved detection methods for other metals, as
well. For example, researchers developed a standard operating procedure (SOP),
"Rapid Mercury Chelometric Assay Protocol for Aqueous Samples", for detecting
Mercury in water.
Infrastructure
1996 Program Request
Adequately funded infrastructure is critical to ORD's success in conducting
the quality science needed to assure that the Agency's decisions are
scientifically sound. The most critical part of ORD's infrastructure is its
staff. The assumption underlying all our research activities includes a
productive workforce.
The Agency requests a total of $10,051,200 and 35.0 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $350,000 and 0.1 workyears from 1995. The request of
$10,051,200 will be for the Program and Research Operations appropriation.
This cohesive, cross-cutting program has been centralized within the
infrastructure issue to provide improved management in ORD's salaries, travel,
and related costs associated with managing and implementing research programs.
Workyears in this issue perform the following activities; science policy
and program development; technical evaluation, review, and guidance to EPA
program/regional offices, Federal/State Agencies, and foreign governments;
research quality assurance and program review; extramural resource management;
technology transfer of scientific information; ADP technical program development
of environmental data systems; regulatory mission support; facilities maintenance
and oversight; health and safety, and environmental compliance; research planning
and program development; operational research oversight; policy and procedure
development; program planning and operations; resource planning and review;
document production; and secretarial/clerical support and personnel staffs.
8-20
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Explanation of Change +0.1 FTE +$350.OK (PRO)
There are no material changes in resources for this issue in 1996.
1995 Program
ORD's current infrastructure program provides compensation and benefits,
and travel for ORD scientists, engineers, management, and technical support
personnel. ORD's workforce carries out scientific research programs in support
of the Agency's mission.
1994 Accomplishments
ORD funded its workyears in scientific support of the Agency's mission,
providing the personnel compensation and benefits, and travel for ORD scientists,
engineers, management, and technical support personnel.
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8-22
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
ACTUAL PRES
ENACTED CURRENT
1994 BUDGET 1995
1995
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN
ESTIMATE
1995
THOUSANDS)
REQUEST INCREASE
1996 DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
Chemical Assessment and
Management Program
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
National Program
Chemicals
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Lead State Grants
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Chemical Testing
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Existing Chemical
Review
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
New Chemical Review
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Regional Toxics Program
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Asbestos In Buildings
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$4,283.0 $3,874.4 $3,980.1 $3,979.1
$1,307.2 $899.2 $1,149.9 $1,149.9
$5,590.2 $4,773.6 $5,130.0 $5,129.0
$10,386.8 $12,015.5 $12,836.1 $12,932.0
$34,216.2 $34,701.6 $34,452.5 $36,452.5
$44,603.0 $46,717.1 $47,288.6 $49,384.5
$9,858.5 $10,338.0 $10,869.6 $10,866.9
$3,907.8 $3,462.5 $3,580.6 $3,580.6
$13,766.3 $13,800.5 $14,450.2 $14,447.5
$1,028.1 $3,999.6 $1,485.1 $1,480.7
$1,121.2 $831.2 $765.1 $765.1
$2,149.3 $4,830.8 $2,250.2 $2,245.8
$1,555.2 $830.3 $867.1 $866.9
$1,263.3 $1,319.0 $1,713.0 $1,713.0
$2,818.5 $2,149.3 $2,580.1 $2,579.9
$20,524.7 $20,524.7 $20,524.7
$8,133.7 $8,133.7 $8,133.7
$28,658.4 $28,658.4 $28,658.4
$9,751.9 $9,751.9 $9,751.9
$15,409.0 $15,409.0 $15,409.0
$25,160.9 $25,160.9 $25,160.9
$12,500.0 $12,500.0 $12,500.0
$12,500.0 $12,500.0 $12,500.0
-$3,979.1 -$3,874.4
-$1,149.9 -$899.2
-$5,129.0 -$4,773.6
-$12,932.0 -$12,015.5
-$36,452.5 -$34,701.6
-$49,384.5 -$46,717.1
-$10,866.9 -$10,338.0
-$3,580.6 -$3,462.5
-$14,447.5 -$13,800.5
-$1,480.7 -$3,999.6
-$765.1 -$831.2
-$2,245.8 -$4,830.8
-$866.9 -$830.3
-$1,713.0 -$1,319.0
-$2,579.9 -$2,149.3
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL:
Program & Research $27,111.6 $31,057.8 $30,038.0 $30,125.6 $30,276.6 $151.0 -$781.2
Operations
Abatement Control and $41,815.7 $41,213.5 $41,661.1 $43,661.1 $36,042.7 -$7,618.4 -$5,170.8
Compliance
Toxic Substances TOTAL $68,927.3 $72,271.3 $71,699.1 $73,786.7 $66,319.3 -$7,467.4 -$5,952.0
Strategies
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Chemical Assessment and 262.5 262.5 262.5
Management Program
National Program 135.8 135.8 135.8
Chemicals
Lead State Grants
Chemical Testing 59.5 53.3 53.3 52.7 -52.7 -53.3
Existing Chemical 151.8 160.2 172.2 171.8 -171.8 -160.2
Review
New Chemical Review 131.8 144.7 151.9 150.3 -150.3 -144.7
Regional Toxics Program 16.5 69.4 26.4 26.1 -26.1 -69.4
Asbestos In Buildings 22.7 12.0 12.0 11.9 -11.9 -12.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 382.3 439.6 415.8 412.8 398.3 -14.5 -41.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Chemical Assessment and
Management Program
National Program
Chemicals
Lead State Grants
Chemical Testing
Existing Chemical
Review
New Chemical Review
Regional Toxics Program
Asbestos In Buildings
TOTAL WORKYEARS
61.7
154.3
134.2
17.6
23.1
390.9
53.3
160.2
144.7
69.4
12.0
439.6
53.3
187.1
151.9
26.4
12.0
430.7
52.7
185.9
150.3
26.1
11.9
426.9
275.6 275.6
135.8 135.8
-52.7
-185.9
-150.3
-26.1
-11.9
411.4 -15.5
275.6
135.8
-53.3
-160.2
-144.7
-69.4
-12.0
-28.2
8-24
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
TOXIC SUBSTANCES STRATEGIES
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $66,319,300 supported by 411.4 total
workyears for the toxic substances media in 1996, of which $30,276,600 will be
for the Program and Research Operations appropriation and $36,042,700 will be for
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents a net
increase of $151,000 in the Program and Research Operations appropriation, a net
decrease of $7,618,400 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
and a net decrease of 15.0 total workyears. A change in the toxics media
resource totals result from a shift of existing resources (-39.2 FTE, -$2,767,100
PRO, -$6,882,600 AC&C) from the toxics media to multimedia (pollution prevention)
due to the realignment of the toxics program budget structure.
Additional changes include (1) the realignment of Regional workyears, (2)
the redirection of resources to higher Agency priorities, (3) efficiencies
resulting from streamlining efforts, and (4) increased workforce costs.
Chemical Assessment and Management
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $28,658,400 and 275.6 total workyears for
this program, of which $20,524,700 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $8,133,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The Chemical Assessment and Management program
incorporates activities and resources previously found in the Chemical Testing,
New Chemical Review and Existing Chemicals program elements. A total of 285.2
total workyears, $20,405,400 PRO and $5,955,100 AC&C is transferred in, prior to
the investments and disinvestments proposed for 1996. In addition to the base
resources transferred in from the old program elements, this budget request
includes an increase of $175,300 in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, an increase of $2,178,500 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and a decrease of 9.6 total workyears. The decrease in total
workyears reflects streamlining decisions that eliminate lower-priority existing
chemicals risk management activities, and is consistent with the Administration's
commitment to reducing the size of the Federal workforce. The increase in Program
and Research Operations reflects increased workforce costs and full-funding of
the workforce. The increase in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation supports a "green chemistry" initiative and resources redirected
by the Agency from the Office of Administration and Resources Management to the
toxics media for the Working Capital Fund.
The Chemical Assessment and Management program is the core and framework
for the implementation of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). Its primary
components are the chemical testing, new chemicals, biotechnology, and existing
chemicals programs. In 1996, EPA will continue its chemical testing program,
concentrating both on chemicals designated by the Interagency Testing Committee
(ITC), and also on multi-chemical rules identified through non-ITC sources. The
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use of multi-chemical rulemaking will result in an acceleration of chemicals
handled in the rulemaking process. Additional testing candidates will be
identified for inclusion on the Agency's Master Testing List. The chemical
testing program will continue to play a major international role in the high
production volume/screening information data set testing program.
The new chemical and biotechnology review program will concentrate on
reviewing new chemical substances, for which manufacturers must submit a
premanufacture notice (PMN) to the Agency for review before the chemical can be
manufactured for commerce. In 1996, EPA anticipates receiving approximately
2,700 PMNs. Many PMNs provide information detailing pollution prevention
practices in use by industry. PMNs are subject to user fees, which generate
annual revenues of approximately $3,000,000 for deposit into the General Fund.
The new chemical review program emphasizes both quick reviews of new chemicals
to identify those which may present unreasonable risks, and the use of cost-
effective risk reduction measures. The primary focus of the program is
pollution prevention and Design for the Environment applications for new
technology. Our scientific staff continue to develop assessment tools, collect
data, and prepare guidance for the biotechnology program.
The existing chemicals program focuses on identifying risks, assessing
alternatives and identifying pollution prevention opportunities through the
screening of existing chemicals, chemical clusters, processes, and use patterns.
To mitigate risks, the program emphasizes voluntary agreements with industry as
well as regulatory approaches where necessary. The program continues to stress
information collection and distribution, taking advantage of the wealth of
knowledge EPA holds on toxic chemicals and their associated risk. The existing
chemicals review program promotes risk reduction, pollution prevention and source
reduction throughout the life cycle of chemicals of concern, and encourages
information sharing. The program will continue to conduct; initial chemical
.screening to determine the chemicals' potential human health and environmental
effects. Additionally, the program will examine control options, conduct more
detailed risk management reviews and implement appropriate risk control measures.
In 1996, EPA will make a significant investment in a green chemistry
initiative. This initiative will encourage industry to change the way in which
chemicals are designed, manufactured and used, incorporating pollution prevention
principles. It will catalyze the scientific community in industry, academia, and
Federal and state governments in the development and implementation of
fundamental pollution prevention techniques. It will also supply the scientific
community with technical tools and a flexible regulatory environment. Green
chemistry principles will eventually be reflected in the TSCA section 5 new
chemical review program. The use of green chemistry principles will help the
chemical industry become more competitive and efficient and will have real-world
benefits for most of the Agency's environmental goals.
For the first time, EPA will empower program offices to make cost effective
decisions about support services provided by other parts of the Agency through
the provision of a Working Capital Fund. This money will be used to cover
postage and various services provided by the National Data Processing Division
(NDPD). Postage dollars pay for U.S. Postal Services and includes regular First,
Third and Fourth Class mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority mail,
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registered and certified mail and pouch mail. Dollars for NDPD operations
provide ongoing data processing and telecommunication services for this program.
These services are classified into five cost centers: enterprise computing
services, network services, desktop services, technical consulting services and
scientific computing services.
Explanation of Change -9.6 FTE; +$175,300 (PRO); +$2,178,500 (AC&C)
This new program element includes resources formerly found in the Existing
Chemicals Review, Chemical Testing, and New Chemical Review program elements.
A total of 285.2 total workyears; $20,405,400 PRO; and $5,955,100 AC&C are
transferred in.
In addition to the transfer of resources between program elements noted
above, this budget request includes a reduction in workyears from existing
chemicals risk management activities reflecting a redirection from risk
management activities to higher priority Agency activities, as well as the
Administration's commitment to reducing the size of the Federal workforce. The
increase in the Program and Research Operations appropriation reflects increased
workforce costs and full funding of the workforce. New resources of 4.0
workyears and $1,500,000 are provided for the green chemistry initiative. Other
changes include the addition of $1,011,700 for the Working Capital Fund and the
expiration of a 1995 Congressionally directed add for Core TSCA program
activities.
These adjustments have been made to base resources which were transferred
into this new program element as a result of the restructuring. Base resources
were transferred as follows:
Chemical Testing: 47.3 total workyears, $3,571,400 PRO, $1,149,900 AC&C
New Chemical Review: 104.0 total workyears, $7,519,300 PRO, $3,580,600 AC&C
Existing Chemicals: 133.9 total workyears, $9,314,700 PRO, $1,224,600 AC&C
Total:
285.2 total workyears, $20,405,400 PRO, $5,955,100 AC&C
1995 Program
In 1995, all resources and activities in this program element associated
with chemical testing, new chemicals and existing chemicals are found in the
Chemical Testing, New Chemical Review and Existing Chemicals Review program
elements.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, all resources and activities in this program element associated
with chemical testing, new chemicals and existing chemicals were found in the
Chemical Testing, New Chemical Review and Existing Chemicals Review program
elements, respectively.
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National Program Chemicals
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,160,900 and 135.8 total workyears for
this program, of which $9,751,900 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $15,409,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The National Program Chemicals program incorporates activities
and resources previously found in the Existing Chemicals Review, Asbestos in
Buildings, Chemical Testing, and New Chemicals program elements. A total of
102.2 total workyears, $6,931,400 PRO and $18,643,400 AC&C is transferred in,
prior to the investments and disinvestments proposed for 1996. In addition to
these base resources transferred in from the old program elements, this budget
request includes an increase of $2,555,900 in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, a decrease of $3,234,400 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and an net increase of 34.1 total workyears. The increase in
total workyears reflects a transfer of Regional staff from the Office of
Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (OECA) to OPPTS and redirection of resources
to higher priority activities. The decrease in the Abatement, Control and'
Compliance appropriation reflects reductions in the asbestos program for
completed activities, and reductions in lead studies and demonstration projects
that have been completed or postponed, offset by an increase in funding for
dioxin.
The National Program Chemicals program concentrates on risk management
activities for lead, asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other toxic
chemicals of national concern and impact. The goal of the lead program is to
reduce lead exposure, particularly for children, and identify the most serious
exposure sources. The lead program addresses past, current and new uses of lead
and works to empower the public through improved understanding of the problem.
EPA cooperates with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and
other Federal agencies on an Interagency Lead Task Force. EPA is responsible for
carrying out over 30 mandates contained in the Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction
Act of 1992 ("Title X").
The asbestos program supports activities necessary for Federal, state, and
local governments and the private sector to develop and carry out asbestos
control and management programs. The Agency continues to help the states improve
their asbestos accreditation programs, as required under the Asbestos Hazard
Emergency Response Act, and continues to close out site evaluations of the
Asbestos in Schools Hazard Abatement Act loan and grant projects previously
awarded.
Under TSCA section 6(e), EPA is responsible for permitting facilities for
the storage and disposal of PCB wastes.
The Regions play a major role in the Agency's national program chemicals
activities. Regional activities focus directly on reducing human and
environmental exposure to lead, PCBs, and asbestos. The Regions' strategy
includes developing tools to identify geographic "hot spots," developing, and
transferring cost-effective abatement technology, promoting environmentally and
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economically sound pollution prevention and recycling, and maintaining a broad
public information interchange program.
The Regional toxics program in 1996 will concentrate on building state
capabilities to implement comprehensive lead abatement and lead risk reduction
programs. Active Regional involvement is a vital component of our objective to
implement a state-based lead accreditation program and develop and distribute
guidance and technical assistance to renovators and remodelers about effective
prevention and abatement techniques. Regional activities are also vital to
educate the public about health risks from exposure to lead. Under a grant with
the Senior Environmental Employment program, EPA will continue to provide
technical assistance to states, industry, schools and other parties.
Over the last several years, the requirements for Regional workyears have
increased dramatically without significant workyear increases. Over time, the
Regions redirected personnel from enforcement to program activities. In January
1994, the Regions conducted a workload analysis to determine the programmatic
deployment of Regional workyear resources. The analysis revealed 43
enforcement staff were working on Toxics program activities. As a result of the
survey, the 1996 Regional enforcement and program workyears have been realigned
to reflect real operational work activities in the Regions. These workyears will
provide support for grant management activities and for technical assistance to
the states in developing and implementing accreditation and training programs for
lead abatement.
In 1996, EPA will expand its activities related to dioxin. EPA's ongoing
dioxin assessment supports recent scientific evidence that reconfirms dioxin to
be a major environmental pollutant. We currently have insufficient understanding
of dioxin sources, transport and human exposure to ensure sound policy and
program development. In 1996, EPA will expand its cross-media efforts to
characterize human exposure to, and sources of, dioxin. This will include a
measurement of dioxin levels in all major fat components of the U.S. food supply,
and identification of the processes that contribute to food contamination. The
latter effort will include the identification and characterization of suspected
sources of dioxin, including industrial, natural and reservoir sources;
identification and quantification of fate and transport mechanisms affecting
dioxin emissions; and the identification of rates and mechanisms for dioxin
deposition contributing to food contamination. We will work to improve our
understanding of the chemical mechanisms of dioxin formation and ways to prevent
its formation. The dioxin exposure initiative will be managed across EPA
programs and will involve work in cooperation with the Department of Agriculture
and the Food and Drug Administration.
Explanation of Change +33.6 FTE; +$2,555.9 (PRO); -$3,234.4 (AC&C)
This new program element includes resources formerly found in the Existing
Chemicals Review program element related to the lead and PCB programs, except
resources for funding lead state grants, plus resources located in the Chemical
Testing, New Chemicals, Asbestos in Buildings and Regional Toxics program
elements. A total of 102.2 FTE; $6,931,400 PRO; $18,643,400 AC&C in base
resources are transferred in.
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In addition to the transfer of resources between program elements noted
above, the 1996 budget request reflects other program changes including (1) a
reduction to the fibers risk reduction program as a result of the completion of
certain asbestos activities; (2) the completion of certain lead studies and
demonstration projects; (3) increased support to dioxin risk assessment
activities; and (4) the transfer of 43 Regional workyears from the Office of
Enforcement and Compliance Assistance to OPPTS. This transfer is planned to
occur through proposed reprogrammings in 1995.
The increase in the Program and Research Operations appropriation reflects
the increase in workyears, increased workforce costs, and full-funding of the
workforce.
Other changes result from the expiration of 1995 Congressionally directed
adds of $2,050,000 for lead program activities and $900,000 for asbestos worker
training grants.
These adjustments have been made to base resources which were transferred
into this new program element as a result of the restructuring. Base resources
were transferred as follows:
Existing Chemicals:
Asbestos in Buildings:
Chemical Testing:
New Chemicals:
Regional Toxics:
27.5 FTE, $1,913,000 PRO, $16,165,300 AC&C
11.9 FTE, $ 866,000 PRO, $ 1,713,000 AC&C
5.4 FTE, $ 407,700 PRO
31.3 FTE, $2,263,000 PRO
26.1 FTE, $1,480,700 PRO, $ 765,100 AC&C
Total:
102.2 FTE, $6,931,400 PRO, $18,643,400 AC&C
1995 Program
In 1995, all resources and activities in this program element associated
with lead and PCBs are found in the Existing Chemicals Review program element.
All resources and activities in this program element associated with asbestos are
found in the Asbestos in Buildings program element. All Regional resources and
activities are found in the Regional Toxics program element.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, all resources and activities in this program element associated
with lead and PCBs were found in the Existing Chemicals Review program element.
All resources and activities in this program element associated with asbestos
were found in the Asbestos in Buildings program element. All Regional resources
and activities were found in the Regional Toxics program element.
Lead State Grants
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,500,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
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no change from the 1995 level of funding. The Lead State Grants program
incorporates $12,500,000 AC&C previously found in the Existing Chemicals program
element.
Title X authorizes EPA to support and help the states in carrying out lead
abatement and lead risk reduction programs. A program of state lead grants
supports this effort. In 1996, the Agency will continue to maintain this state
grant program focused on supporting state achievement of EPA's lead abatement
strategy.
The Administration will propose legislation to include this grant program
in the Performance Partnership Initiative. A state could elect to consolidate
this and other categorical media grants into one or more multimedia or single
media grants. The state (or where applicable, tribe) could then target its most
pressing environmental problems and use the Performance Partnership grant for a
number of activities, including pollution control, abatement and enforcement.
This program will not compromise basic national objectives and legislative
requirements.
Explanation of Change No change in resource level.
This newly established program element includes all resources formerly
found in the Existing Chemicals Review program element related to funding of lead
state grants. A total of $12,500,000 AC&C is transferred in.
An increase for lead state grants of $1,000,000 supports expanded funding
for state programs to carry out the Agency's lead abatement strategy and sustains
a 1995 Congressionally directed add of $1,000,000 for lead state grants.
These adjustments have been made to base resources which were transferred
into this new program element as a result of the restructuring. Base resources
were transferred as follows:
Existing Chemicals: $12,500,000 AC&C
1995 PROGRAM
In 1995, all resources and activities associated with this program element
are found in the Existing Chemicals Review program element.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, all resources and activities associated with this program element
were found in the Existing Chemicals Review program element.
Chemical Testing
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program. In 1996, this program
element is incorporated into the Chemical Assessment and Management and
Stewardship for National Program Chemicals program elements.
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Explanation of Change
All resources associated with this program element are. transferred to the
Chemical Assessment and Management and Stewardship for National Program Chemicals
program elements as of 1996, and the Chemical Testing program element ceases to
exist.
Resources transferred to:
Chemical Assessment and Management: 47.3 FTE, $3,571,400 PRO, $1,149,900 AC&C
National Program Chemicals: 5.4 FTE, $ 407,700 PRO
Total 52.7 FTE, $3,979,100 PRO, $1,149,900 AC&C
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,129,000 and 52.7 total
workyears, of which $3,979,100 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $1,149,900 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency continues its testing program on chemicals designated by the
Interagency Testing Committee. The use of multi-chemical rulemaking is
accelerating the number of chemicals handled in the rulemaking process.
Additional testing candidates are being identified for inclusion on the Master
Testing List.
Congressional Directives: A total of $300,000 is for Congressionally
directed projects supporting core TSCA activities. (The Congress added $800,000
in 1995 for core TSCA activities. The remaining funds may be found in the New
Chemicals program element.)
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $5,590,200 supported by 61.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,283,000 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $1,307,200 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1994, the Agency continued its testing program on chemicals designated
by the ITC. We began testing actions on chemicals from the 31st and 32nd ITC
lists. Our priority was non-ITC Testing Committee multi-chemical rules and an
international leadership role in the OECD HPV/SIDS testing program. The use of
multi-chemical rulemaking produced an acceleration of chemicals handled in the
rulemaking process.
Existing Chemical Review
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program. In 1996, this program
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element is incorporated into the Chemical Assessment and Management and
Stewardship of National Program Chemicals program elements, with the exception
of the 33/50 and Design for the Environment (DfE) programs, which were
transferred to the Pollution Prevention program element, and lead state grants,
which now appear as the Lead State Grants program element.
Explanation of Change
All resources associated with this program element are transferred to the
Chemical Assessment and Management, Stewardship of National Program Chemicals,
Pollution Prevention and Lead State Grants program elements as of 1996, and the
Existing Chemical Review program element ceases to exist.
Resources transferred to:
Chemical Assessment and Management: 133.9 FTE, $9,314,700 PRO, $1,224,600 AC&C
National Program Chemicals: 27. 5 FTE, $1,913,000 PRO, $16,165,300 AC&C
Pollution Prevention: ' 24. 5 FTE, $1,704,300 PRO, $6,562,600 AC&C
Lead Grants: $12,500,000AC&C
TOTAL: 185. 9 FTE, $12 , 932,000 PRO, $36 ,452,500 AC&C
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $49,384,500 and 185.9 total
workyears, of which $12,932,000 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $36,452,500 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The existing chemicals program is a major component of the integrated
pollution prevention program. It is organized to identify pollution prevention
opportunities through screening existing chemicals, chemical clusters, processes,
and use patterns to identify risks and assess alternatives. It focuses on both
voluntary agreements with industry and regulatory means, where appropriate, to
mitigate risks. The program accomplishes its goals through: information
development and distribution, risk management, and regulatory control.
We are continuing chemical risk reduction, including pollution prevention
and source reduction, throughout the life cycle of chemicals of concern. We are
conducting Risk Management One (RM1) reviews to find out the chemicals' potential
for regulatory management in Risk Management Two (RM2) actions. Several RM1
cases support the Agency's Source Reduction Review Project (SRRP). These RM1
reviews for SRRP benefit Agency effluent guidelines and air regulations by
providing a better understanding of cross-media impacts and potential chemical
substitution. The risk management risk screening activities expand on systems
to collect and distribute health and environmental effects information on
existing chemicals.
Beyond regulatory actions the program emphasizes and pursues two major
voluntary programs to reduce the use of toxic chemicals: DfE and the 33/50
program. The DfE program supports the President's technology initiative. EPA
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promotes efficient risk reduction by helping industry incorporate environmental
considerations into the design phase of products, processes, and technologies.
DfE projects include dialogues with the printing and computer workstation
industries and support of interagency DfE projects with the Department of Energy
and the General Services Administration. DfE has already shown promise in its
cooperative efforts with the dry cleaning and printing industries. In addition,
we expect to evaluate the efficacy of new cooperative projects with such
industries as aerospace and textiles. The 33/50 program was initiated in 1991
to encourage the voluntary reduction of emissions of 17 selected chemicals by a
factor of 33% by 1992 and of 50% by 1995. The 33/50 program continues to
encourage voluntary participation from the private sector and develop program
linkages with state toxic-use reduction programs that are growing throughout the
country.
The national program chemicals consist of lead (Pb), asbestos, and PCBs.
In 1995, the lead program is providing lead state program assistance, supporting
the Agency's environmental justice (equity) effort, and conducting exposure
assessments. State program assistance provides funds to train and certify state
and local employees, increase public education and technical assistance, develop-
and distribute guidance to renovators and remodelers and provide employment
opportunities in lead abatement. Environmental justice activities are under way
to expand the Federal government's efforts- to reduce the prevalence of lead
poisoning among inner-city children. Lead exposure assessment activities improve
on the integrated Exposure/Uptake Biokinetics Model, and explore other methods
to better understand lead exposure. In addition, EPA cooperates with HUD and
other Federal agencies in an Interagency Lead Task Force. EPA continues to carry
out over 30 mandates required under the Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act of
1992 ("Title X"). Work is currently in progress on writing regulations requiring
disclosure of lead problems upon transfer of residential real estate, developing
health-based standards, developing accreditation programs for laboratories and
worker training, learning about risks to home renovators and setting abatement
standards. Under TSCA section 6(e), EPA is continuing its program of permitting
facilities for the storage and disposal of PCB wastes and is working on a major
review and overhaul of the PCB disposal program. The asbestos program is
discussed within the Asbestos in Buildings program element.
EPA is expanding the integrated cross-program Innovative Environmental
Technology program to support the President's environmental technology
initiative. The primary focus of the initiative is to build partnerships, by
leveraging public and private resources to promote the development,
commercialization and use of environmental technologies. In the toxic substances
program, the focus is on DfE activities. DfE projects in 1995 include
integrating DfE ideas into the EPA Regional and state programs and expanding
dialogues with the textile, electronics and metal plating and coating industrial
sectors.
In 1995, EPA is initiating a major program involving dioxin. EPA's ongoing
dioxin reassessment effort reconfirms dioxin as a major environmental pollutant
but also reveals that our understanding of dioxin sources, dioxin transport and
human exposure is inadequate to ensure sound policy and program development.
Consequently, EPA is mounting a major cross-media effort to characterize human
exposure to, and sources of, dioxin.
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Congressional Directives: A total of $3,050,000 is for Congressionally
directed projects in lead. Specifically, these activities include $1,550,000 for
lead poisoning grants, $1,000,000 for lead worker training grants, and $500,000
for other lead poisoning activities.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $44,603,000 supported by 154.3
total workyears for this program, of which $10,386,800 was from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $34,216,200 was from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
In 1994 risk management activities included Risk Management One (RM1)
reviews of selected chemicals, or groups or classes of chemicals, to find out the
potential for regulatory management action (RM2). RM2 activities included such
important projects as ethylene dichloride (community exposure concerns),
formaldehyde (indoor air exposures), and benzidine dyes (worker exposures).
DfE projects included a dialogue with the printing and computer workstation-
industries, and joint DfE projects with the Department of Energy and the General
Services Administration. In addition, EPA evaluated the efficacy of new
cooperative projects with such industries ,as aerospace and textiles. In 1994,
the 33/50 program continued its efforts to stimulate industry participation in
the reduction of toxic emissions of certain chemicals, and began efforts to
extend the 33/50 program model to other chemicals of concern emerging from the
Existing Chemical risk management process.
In the lead program, work continued to carry out mandates required under
Title X of the Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act of 1992. Development of
regulations requiring disclosure of lead problems upon transfer of residential
real estate, development of health-based standards, development of accreditation
programs for laboratories and for worker training, identification of risks to
home renovators, and establishment of abatement standards continued. The Agency
continued its program of permitting facilities for the storage and disposal of
PCB wastes and major review and overhaul of the PCB disposal program.
New Chemical Review
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program. In 1996, this program
element is incorporated in its entirety into the Chemical Assessment and
Management program element.
Explanation of Change
All resources associated with this program element are transferred to the
Chemical Assessment and Management, Stewardship for National Program Chemicals,
Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know (EPCRA), and Pollution Prevention
program elements as of 1996, and the New Chemical Review program element ceases
to exist.
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Resources transferred to:
Chemical Assessment and Management: 104.0 FTE, $7,519,300 PRO, $3,580,600 AC&C
National Program Chemicals: 31.3 FTE, $2,263,000 PRO
EPCRA: 0.3 FTE, $ 21,700 PRO
Pollution Prevention: 14.7 FTE, $1,062,900 PRO
Total 150.3 FTE, $10,866,900 PRO, $3,580,600 AC&C
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $14,447,500 and 150.3 total
workyears, of which $10,866,900 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $3,580,600 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1995 the receipt of new chemical notices is estimated at approximately
2,700. Most notices are subject to the user fee rule, generating approximately
$3,000,000 in revenues each year for deposit into the General Fund. Over 50% of
all PMNs currently submitted provide additional information detailing pollution
prevention practices and activities being followed by industry. Continued
implementation of the New Chemical Follow-Up Rule is enabling the New Chemical
Review program to include more new chemicals under Significant New Use Rules
(SNUR), thereby establishing regulatory equity throughout the industry.
Rulemaking activities in the new chemicals area are focusing on completing
amendments to the PMN rules. These amendments in future years will reduce EPA
review costs, as well as costs to industry
Rulemaking activities in the biotechnology area are focused on publishing
a biotechnology notice of proposed rulemaking, and supporting activities needed-
to publish a final rule. A major focus of the biotechnology program is pollution
prevention and Design for the Environment applications for this new technology.
Scientific staff continue to develop assessment tools, data, and guidance
documents for the biotechnology program.
Congressional Directives: A total of $500,000 is for Congressionally
directed projects supporting core TSCA activities. (Congress added $800,000 in
1995 for core TSCA activities. The remaining funds may be found in the Chemical
Testing program element.)
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $13,766,300 supported by 134.2
total workyears for this program, of which $9,858,500 was from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $3,907,800 was from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
In 1994, implementation of the New Chemical Follow-up Rule enabled the New
Chemical Review program to include more new chemicals in SNURs, thereby reducing
the time margin during which a SNUR can be preempted by the introduction of a
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chemical into commerce, and establishing regulatory equity throughout the
industry.
Rulemaking activities in the new chemicals area focused on completing
amendments to the PMN rules. These amendments reduce EPA review costs. Other
rulemaking activities included publication of a biotechnology notice of proposed
rulemaking.
In 1994, the New Chemical Review Program received 2,644 PMNs for new
chemicals. Most of the PMNs were subject to the user fee rule, generating
$2,694,900 in revenues for deposit into the General Fund.
Regional Toxics Program
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program. In 1996, this program
element is incorporated in its entirety into the National Program Chemicals
program element.
t
Explanation of Change
All resources associated with this program element are transferred to the
National Program Chemicals program element as of 1996, and the Regional Toxics
program element ceases to exist.
Resources transferred to:
National Program Chemicals: 26.1 FTE, $1,480,700 PRO, $ 765,100 AC&C
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,245,800 and 26.1 total
workyears, of which $1,480,700 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $765,100 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. All resources are for the Regions.
The Regional toxics program is designed to help reduce human and
environmental exposure to lead, PCBs, asbestos and other toxic chemicals harmful
to human health and the environment. In 1995, the regional toxics program
continues to foster the development of state capabilities to assume the lead
combating the harmful effects of lead and in informing the public about the
health risks posed by exposure to lead. Active Regional involvement is
imperative for the successful implementation of a state-based lead accreditation
program. It is also important to the development and distribution of guidance
and technical assistance to renovators and remodelers about effective prevention
and abatement techniques, and improvement of public understanding about the
health risks posed by exposure to lead. The lead state program assistance
initiative is providing training and certification of state and local employees,
and increasing public education and technical assistance activities. The lead
environmental justice initiative is designed to reduce the prevalence of lead
poisoning of inner-city children and simultaneously develop employment
8-37
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opportunities in lead abatement. Regional activities continue to improve the
ability of small communities to respond to EPA's regulatory mandates by providing
technical assistance in pollution prevention; promoting the 33/50 program; and
providing funding and assistance to states, tribes, and localities to carry out
local pollution prevention projects.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $2,149,300 supported by 17.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,028,100 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $1,121,200 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
EPA's 33/50 pollution prevention initiative focused on achieving
significant reductions in the emissions of high risk toxic substances. In
addition, Regions developed vital program links with state toxic-use reduction
organizations allowing EPA to better coordinate efforts.
With the discontinuation of the asbestos loan and grant program, the
Regional role in monitoring loan and grant requirements is ending.
Asbestos in Buildings
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program. In 1996, this program
element is incorporated in its entirety into the National Program Chemicals
program element.
Explanation of Change
All resources associated with this program element are transferred to the
National Program Chemicals program element as of 1996, arid the Asbestos in
Buildings program element ceases to exist.
Resources transferred to:
National Program Chemicals: 11.9 FTE, $866,900 PRO, $1,713,000 AC&C
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,579,900 and 11.9 total
workyears, of which $866,900 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $1,713,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Asbestos in Buildings program supports activities necessary for
Federal, state, and local governments and the private sector to develop and carry
out asbestos control and management programs. These activities include closeout
site evaluations of ASHAA loan and grant projects awarded from 1987 through 1993;
continued regulatory and non-regulatory follow-up to the 1990 asbestos in
buildings dialogue, including actions with the Occupational Safety and Health
8-38
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Administration and the states; joint programs with the General Services
Administration for Federal buildings; case studies on asbestos management in
industrial and other settings; and investigation of pollution prevention
opportunities through voluntary action to avoid potentially risky new uses and
explore safer substitutes.
In 1995, the size of the Asbestos in Buildings program is declining as
Federal financing of new asbestos abatement projects ends and resources for
administering new loans and grants are no longer necessary. However, efforts
continue both at Headquarters and in the Regions to monitor and close out
existing ASHAA loans and grants. Under a grant with the Senior Environmental
Employment (SEE) program, EPA continues to provide technical assistance to
schools and public/commercial building owners. The Agency is providing other
technical assistance, guidance documents and training materials to help schools
comply with AHERA rules. EPA continues to help states improve their
accreditation programs, which they are required to establish under AHERA, and
other state management programs affecting schools. The program also continues
to follow up on the asbestos in buildings dialogue; provide technical assistance,
guidance and training materials to schools; and conduct case studies on asbestos
management in industrial and other settings.
Congressional Directives: A total of $900,000 is for the Congressionally
directed asbestos worker training grants.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $2,818,500 supported by 23.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,555,200 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $1,263,300 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1994, the scope of the asbestos in buildings program was significantly
reduced with the discontinuation of the ASHAA asbestos loan and grant program.
However, activity continued in monitoring current abatement projects and closing-
out outstanding loans and grants.
Other asbestos-related activities included regulatory and non-regulatory
follow-up to the 1990 asbestos-in-buildings dialogue, including actions with the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the states; joint programs with
the General Services Administration for Federal buildings; monitoring of asbestos
research; case studies on asbestos management in industrial and other settings;
and investigation of pollution prevention opportunities through voluntary action
to avoid potentially risky new uses and explore safer substitutes.
The Agency provided other technical assistance, guidance documents and
training materials to help schools comply with AHERA rules. EPA continued to
help states improve their accreditation programs, which they are required to
establish under AHERA, and other state management programs affecting schools.
8-39
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Emergency Planning and
Community Right to know
Program & Research $5,708.7 $6,511.9 $7,001.7 $7,000.3 $8,358.9 $1,358.6 $1,847.0
Operations
Abatement Control and $19,448.6 $20,525.2 $18,066.4 $17,528.1 $18,376.3 $848.2 -$2,148.9
Compliance
TOTAL $25,157.3 $27,037.1 $25,068.1 $24,528.4 $26,735.2 $2,206.8 -$301.9
TOTAL:
Program & Research $5,708.7 $6,511.9 $7,001.7 $7,000.3 $8,358.9 $1,358.6 $1,847.0
Operations
Abatement Control and $19,448.6 $20,525.2 $18,066.4 $17,528.1 $18,376.3 $848.2 -$2,148.9
Compli ance
Emergency Planning TOTAL $25,157.3 $27,037.1 $25,068.1 . $24,528.4 $26,735.2 $2,206.8 -$301.9
and Community Right to
know
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Emergency Planning and 80.6 98.9 108.5 107.6 111.6 4.0 12.7
Community Right to know
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 80.6 98.9 108.5 107.6 111.6 4.0 12.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Emergency Planning and 82.9 98.9 108.5 107.6 111.6 4.0 12.7
Community Right to know
TOTAL WORKYEARS 82.9 98.9 108.5 107.6 111.6 4.0 12.7
8-40
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT TO KNOW
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $26,735,200 and 111.6 total workyears for
this program, of which $8,358,900 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $18,376,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $26,735,200 and 111.6 total workyears for
this program, of which $8,358,900 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $18,376,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,358,600 in the Program and-
Research Operations appropriation, an increase of $848,200 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation and an increase of 4.0 total workyears. The
increases in total workyears, Program and Research Operations and Abatement,
Control and Compliance support implementation and evaluation of TRI expansion
activities.
EPA has set up the pollution prevention reporting requirements mandated by
the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 and has integrated them into the Toxic
Release Inventory (TRI) reporting process. "Pollution prevention information
collected" measures the nation's progress toward meeting overall Agency pollution
prevention goals and, simultaneously, supplements TRI data to identify the
greatest opportunities for risk reduction. EPA will continue its activities in
implementing the Executive Order that requires Federal facilities to report under
TRI and to develop goals to reduce by 50% releases and transfers of toxic
chemicals by 1999. EPA also captures Federal facility data in the TRI system.
In 1996, EPA will concentrate on data management, data'quality, public data
access, and expansion of the use of TRI data by state and local governments,
other EPA offices, industry and the public. We will publish the annual national
report on toxic emissions. EPA will develop tools to simplify public access to
and usefulness of chemical information, and will put in place the latest
technology to ease the reporting burden on industry in submitting TRI reports.
We will continue the development of the Chemical Use Inventory (GUI).
In 1996, the Agency requests an increase in workyears to support the EPCRA
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI). EPA has found that there is a need for a greater
level of Federal staff support to handle an anticipated increase in delisting
petitions and to support Federal facilities compliance with TRI requirements.
Federal staff is critical in the development of proposed and final rulemaking for
Federal facilities, the preparation of associated policy statements and
interpretive guidance, and other related activities. The focus of the rulemaking
is on the expansion of facilities reporting and chemicals being reported under
TRI.
8-41
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For the first time, in 1996, EPA will provide Working Capital Fund
resources to program offices. Working Capital funds are included in this budget
and will be used for routine functions such as postage and various services
provided by the National Data Processing Division (NDPD). Base resources for
postage pay for routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services. The increase will
provide for annualization of the January 1995 postal rate increase of 10.3%.
Base dollars for NDPD operations provide ongoing data processing and
telecommunication services for this program. These services are classified into
five cost centers: enterprise computing services, network services, desktop
services, technical consulting services and scientific computing services.
Investment resources will provide the program's share of depreciation of capital
assets, increased service costs, additional mainframe capacity, investments in
network services and investments in technical consulting services.
Explanation of Change +4.0 FTE; +$1,358,600 (PRO); +$848,200 (AC&C)
EPA has found that there is need for a greater level of Federal staff
support for its TRI implementation and evaluation activities. Federal staff is
critical in the development of proposed and final actions for TRI expansion, the
preparation of associated policy statements and interpretive guidance, and
related activities.
The increase in the Program and Research Operations appropriation reflects
the increase in workyears, increased workforce costs, and full funding of the
workforce.
Additional changes include an increase in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation as a result of the establishment of the Agency's Working
Capital Fund.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $24,528,400 and 107.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $7,000,300 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $17,528,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1995, besides many ongoing activities noted above, EPA is expanding the
public's right-to-know by developing systems or processes to obtain or provide
additional chemical information in three areas. First, EPA is beginning work on
developing the GUI to provide data on chemical use patterns that, combined with
hazard and exposure information, screens chemicals to identify those of greatest
potential concern. EPA will make GUI information available to the public to
identify prevention and risk reduction opportunities and to help identify
exposures and risks not available through TRI data. A second expanded right-to-
know effort involves public distribution of chemical hazard information. EPA is
evaluating unpublished health and safety studies in the Agency's possession and
will distribute abstracts and full text of the most significant of these studies
to the public. Finally, EPA is developing processes to deliver consumer
information to the public on the environmental impacts of various product
categories, helping consumers in making informed purchasing decisions that take
advantage of pollution prevention opportunities.
8-42
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The Agency is supporting a new program pursuant to Executive Order 12873
that encourages the identification and procurement of environmentally preferable
products. This program will be found in the new Pollution Prevention program
element in 1996.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $25,157,300 supported by 82.9
total workyears for this program, of which $5,708,700 was from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $19,448,600 was from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
The EPCRA program in 1994 continued to focus on data management, data
quality and expanding the use of TRI data by state and local governments, other
EPA offices, and industry. EPA published the annual national report on toxic
emissions and developed tools to allow the public access to this chemical
information.
In 1994, EPA set up the requirements of the Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) .
The information collected under the PPA serves as a base for measuring the
nation's progress toward meeting overall Agency pollution prevention goals and,
simultaneously, supplementing TRI data to identify the greatest opportunities for
risk reduction. The 1994 activities included beginning work on expanding the TRI
database to include additional sources and chemicals; improving productivity by
streamlined data submission and processing systems, including making revisions
to Form R; reviewing the effectiveness of public access and public information
tools; taking a lead role in the OECD effort on cooperative international TRI
activities; completing the TRI environmental indicators project; completing
toxicity scoring of TRI chemicals; convening a national TRI data use conference,
and beginning to set up the Executive Order on Federal facility TRI reporting.
EPA received and processed TRI reporting forms for calendar year 1993; the
information reported under TRI for this reporting cycle will be available to the
public in the spring of 1995.
In its international activities, EPA focused on exporting the TRI program
and data to support other countries' pollution prevention .efforts and encouraged
cooperative international risk reduction projects, working toward an
international consensus on responses to specific chemicals or chemical classes.
In 1994, the Regions continued to conduct environmental audits of selected
TRI facilities to identify potential environmental impacts of reported releases.
The audits had elements of both data quality and compliance/enforcement, and led
to detailed risk identification. Regional personnel used TRI data to identify
sources of industrial pollution, identified communities at risk from high levels
of toxic releases, identified unique terrestrial habitats at risk from
environmental stressors, and targeted inspections and compliance activities. EPA
continued to work with state agencies and tribal components to simplify cross-
program, inter- and intra-agency communications and coordination on TRI data
usage and analyses.
8-43
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PROGRAM
Working Capital Fund -
Toxic Substances
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and
Compliance
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Working Capital Fund - Toxic Substance
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL
$292.2 $292.2 $292.2
$292.2 $292.2 $292.2
$292.2 $292.2 $292.2
Working Capital Fund -
Toxic Substances
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Working Capital Fund
Toxic Substances
TOTAL WORKYEARS
8-44
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
WORKING CAPITAL FUND
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $292,200 in 1996, an increase of $292,200
from 1995. Of the request, $292,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $292,200 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This reflects the establishment
of the Agency's Working Capital Fund.
In 1996, Regional personnel will use these resources for postage for
program activities and for computer services from the National Data Processing
Division. Base resources pay for program postage costs that provide all
routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and includes regular First, Third, and
Fourth Class mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority mail, registered
and certified mail and pouch mail. Resources will provide for the annualization
of the January 1995 postal rate increase of 10.3%.
Resources will provide ongoing data processing and telecommunication
services for this program. These services are classified into five cost centers:
Enterprise Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical
Consulting Services and Scientific Computing Services. Resources will provide
the program's share of Depreciation of Capital Assets, Increase Service Costs,
Additional Mainframe Capacity, Investments in Network Services and Investments
in Technical Consulting Services.
Explanation of Change +$292,200 (AC&C)
The Agency's Working Capital Fund is being established in 1996. Previously
these activities and resources were funded out of the Office of Administration
and Resource Management.
1995 Program
The Agency's Working Capital Fund is being established in 1996. Previously
these activities and resources were funded out of the Office of Administration
and Resource Management.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency's Working Capital Fund is being established in 1996. Previously
these activities and resources were funded out of the Office of Administration
and Resource Management.
8-45
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Enforcement
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Toxic Substances
Enforcement
Program & Research $10,260.6 $5,960.3 $9,078.8 $9,059.1 $6,219.5 -$2,839.6 $259.2
Operations
Abatement Control and $1,416.9 $11.5 $10.2 $10.2 $6.7 -$3.5 -$4.8
Compliance
TOTAL $11,677.5 $5,971.8 $9,089.0 $9,069.3 $6,226.2 -$2,843.1 $254.4
Toxic Substances
Enforcement Grants
Abatement Control and $5,101.3
Compliance
TOTAL $5,101.3
TOTAL:
Program & Research $10,260.6 $5,960.3 $9,078.8 - $9,059.1 $6,219.5 -$2,839.6 $259.2
Operations
Abatement Control and $6,518.2 $11.5 $10.2 $10.2 $6.7 -$3.5 -$4.8
Compliance
Toxic Substances TOTAL $16,778.8 $5,971.8 $9,089.0 $9,069.3 $6,226.2 -$2,843.1 $254.4
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Toxic Substances 159.8 94.0 141.2 139.2 84.6 -54.6 -9.4
Enforcement
Toxic Substances
Enforcement Grants
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 159.8 94.0 141.2 139.2 84.6 -54.6 -9.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Toxic Substances 166.7 94.0 143.7 141.7 86.9 -54.8 -7.1
Enforcement
Toxic Substances
Enforcement Grants
TOTAL WORKYEARS 166.7 94.0 143.7 141.7 86.9 -54.8 -7.1
8-47
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PRINCIPAL OUTPUTS
FY94 FY95 FY96
EPCRA Inspections 760 700 700
Inspections TSCA S5 and 8 175 175 175
Laboratory inspections (both) 42 40 40
Test study audits (both) 111 100 100
Inspections TSCA S6:
PCBs/Federal 511 400 400
PCBs/state 906 530 530
Asbestos/Federal 41 40 40
Asbestos/state 1134 650 650
Asbestos/contract 488 450 450
8-48
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
TOXIC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT
Budget Request
The Toxic Substances Enforcement program requests a total of $6,226,200 and
86.9 total workyears for this program, of which $6,219,500 will be for the PRO
appropriation and $6,700 will be for the AC&C appropriation. This represents a
reduction of $2,839,600 and 54.8 workyears to the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and a reduction of $3,500 to the AC&C appropriation.
Due to the Agency's enforcement reorganization in late 1994, the
Headquarters component of the Toxic Substances Enforcement program was moved into
the Regulatory Enforcement program and the Multimedia Compliance program located
in the Multimedia media portion of the budget.
Toxic Substances Enforcement
1996 Program Request
The Toxic Substances Enforcement program requests a total of $6,226,200 and
86.9 total workyears for this program, of which $6,219,500 will be for the PRO
appropriation and $6,700 will be for the AC&C appropriation. This represents a
reduction of $2,839,600 and 54.8 workyears to the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and a reduction of $3,500 to the AC&C appropriation. Workyear
changes include the transfer of 47.2 non-ceiling workyears to the Regional Toxics
program element; the disinvestment of 9.4 workyears from the School Asbestos
program; and a small decrease in non-ceiling workyears.
In 1996, the Regional Toxic Substances Enforcement program will support the
Agency's environmental goals identified as priorities within the 1996 budget
request. The program identified Prevention of Waste and Chemical Releases as its
major goal for 1996 and will continue to be responsible for TSCA compliance
monitoring and enforcement. The program will conduct inspections addressing TSCA
sections 5 and 8, with particular emphasis on worker protection, pre-
manufacturing, notification, and environmental effects reporting requirements to
help prevent adverse reactions to health or the environment. In those states
without cooperative enforcement agreements, the program will continue to conduct
risk-based compliance inspections for TSCA, including inspections for the high-
risk PCB and asbestos in public/commercial buildings programs (section 6).
Regions will also support Headquarters by conducting inspections to monitor
compliance with the Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) regulations at laboratories
that perform toxics substances testing.
The program will continue to manage and oversee the state cooperative
enforcement agreements for asbestos and PCBs (combined total of 36 agreements
nationwide), and the emerging lead-based paint enforcement program of Title IV.
The program will provide state capacity building support and state cooperative
enforcement agreement oversight, assist states with compliance monitoring and
enforcement guidance, and conduct compliance monitoring and enforcement
activities in any states without cooperative enforcement agreements.
8-49
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Based on state and regional compliance monitoring results, the program will
issue and resolve enforcement actions, including notices of noncompliance, civil,
administrative, and judicial complaints, and provide assistance in criminal cases
as appropriate. The regions will assist headquarters in the development of
national policy and guidance, and provide technical and litigation support in the
prosecution of cases.
*
The Agency will continue to provide assistance to firms that are either
seeking to comply voluntarily or who wish to take remedial actions to achieve
compliance. During settlement negotiations, the program will work with companies
to incorporate pollution prevention projects into settlement agreements.
Explanation of Change -54.8 FTE -$2,839.6K (PRO) -$3.5K (AC&C)
A reduction of 54.8 workyears and $2,839,600 to the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and a reduction of $3,500 to the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation reflects the following policy decisions: the transfer
of 47.2 non-enforcement workyears (and associated PRO dollars for salaries and
travel) to the Regional Toxics program element as part of the continuing
resolution of the enforcement reorganization; the disinvestment of 9.4 workyears
from the School Asbestos program; and a small decrease in non-ceiling workyears.
1995 Program
The Agency allocated a total of $9,069,300 and 141.7 total workyears for
1995. Of the request, $9,059,100 was for the Program Research and Operations
appropriation and $10,200 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. In 1995, the program will transfer 47.2 non-enforcement workyears
to the Regional Toxics program element through midyear reprogrammings.
In 1995, the Agency is continuing to prepare and issue notices of
noncompliance and civil administrative complaints and to provide technical
assistance and litigation support to the Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Assurance (OECA) In the prosecution of administrative, civil judicial and
criminal cases. The Regions are also continuing to provide policy guidance and
oversight management in support of the state cooperative enforcement agreement
program.
The Agency is conducting compliance inspections for TSCA section 5 new
chemical regulations, section 8 reporting rules, and section 6 inspections in
support of regulations on PCBs. They are also taking enforcement actions and
managing contractor and state inspection programs. Three Regions assist in the
laboratory data integrity program by conducting good laboratory practices (GLP)
inspections at laboratories that perform toxic substances testing.
1994 Program
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $11,677,500 and 166.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $10,260,600 was in the Program Research and
Operations appropriation and $1,416,900 was in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
8-50
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The Agency conducted the following inspections: 175 TSCA inspections, 111
test study audits, and 42 Laboratory inspections. The above inspections were for
TSCA sections 5 and 8. In addition, the Agency conducted 3,080 inspections for
TSCA section 6.
In 1994 the Agency conducted inspection programs to determine compliance
with TSCA rules. The Agency prepared and issued notices of noncompliance and
civil administrative orders, and developed and prosecuted cases when compliance
was not achieved. The Agency also provided assistance to firms that were either
seeking to comply voluntarily with TSCA requirements or that wished to take
remedial actions to achieve compliance. During settlement negotiations, Regions
advocated pollution prevention activities to encourage broader participation by
industry and the public through enforcement outreach and technical assistance
activities.
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants
1996 Program Request
In 1996, all toxic substances enforcement grant resources can be found in
the Multimedia media as a result of the Agency's reorganization of enforcement
resources.
Explanation of Change $O.OK (AC&C)
As a result of the Agency's reorganization of enforcement resources, all
toxic substances enforcement grant resources can be found in the Multimedia
media.
1995 Program
In 1995, all toxic substances enforcement grant resources can be found in
the Multimedia media as a result of the Agency's reorganization of enforcement
resources.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $5,101,300 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The
grants are now combined into a new toxic substances enforcement grant program
element created during the Agency's reorganization of enforcement resources.
This program element is located in the Multimedia media portion of the budget.
In 1994, 35 states and one Indian Tribe participated in the toxic
substances cooperative enforcement agreement program. In 1995, inspections
conducted by states in lower risk areas were reduced to increase State activity
in the lead-based paint enforcement program under Title IV of TSCA (States are
facing a statutory deadline of April 1996 to establish Title IV enforcement
programs). This emphasis reflects the program's commitment to building state
capabilities in toxics enforcement and to using risk to set priorities.
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In 1994, another area of reduced emphasis was state PCS and asbestos in
schools inspections, as the asbestos program refocused on public and commercial
buildings. Also in 1994, states continued to receive EPA guidance and direction
to develop comprehensive TSCA authorities for case development. The Agency
provided 1994 resources to states to develop TSCA legislative authorities for
enhancing enforcement within and across media. The state grants also funded
improved screening capabilities for data on cross-media violators.
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Enforcement
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
PROGRAM
Emergency Planning and
Community Right to know
Enforcement
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Emergency Planning and TOTAL
Community Right to know
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Emergency Planning and
Community Right to know
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Emergency Planning and
Community Right to know
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
12.3
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$757.2 $658.0 $669.3 $669.3 $1,451.1 $781.8
$1,367.5 $11.6 $1 $1 $11.7 $11.6
TOTAL $2,124.7 $669.6 $669.4 $669.4 $1,462.8 $793.4
$757.2 $658.0 $669.3 $669.3 $1,451.1 $781.8
$1,367.5 $11.6 $1 $1 $11.7 $11.6
$2,124.7 $669.6 $669.4 $669.4 $1,462.8 $793.4
12.3 10.8 10.8 10.8 20.9
10.8 10.8
10.8 20.9
12.6 10.8 10.8 10.8 20.9
12.6 10.8 10.8 10.8 20.9
10.1
10.1
10.1
10.1
$793.1
$1
$793.2
$793.1
$1
$793.2
10.1
10.1
10.1
10.1
8-53
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
EMERGENCY PLANNING & COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT (EPCRA) - ENFORCEMENT
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,462,800 supported by 20.9 workyears of
which $1,451,100 will be for the Program and Research Operations appropriation
and $11,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Emergency Planning & Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) - Enforcement
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,462,800 supported by 20.9 workyears of
which $1,451,100 will be for the Program and Research Operations appropriation
and $11,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of 10.1 workyears, an increase of $781,800 in the
Program and Research Operations appropriation, and a increase of $11,600 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The increase of 10.1 workyears
represents resources to expand EPCRA compliance assistance activities. The
increase in Program and Research Operations reflects support for these workyears
and increased personnel costs. This total request will support Regional
activities.
The program will continue to conduct compliance inspections of, and
increase compliance assistance outreach to, chemical facilities that use,
manufacture or process potentially harmful chemicals and are required to report
under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA). The data
submitted informs the public and the Agency of the presence of toxic chemicals•
at the manufacturing facility and documents the release of toxic chemicals into
the environment. Regions will continue to utilize this information to develop
the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI). The use of TRI data by Federal, state and
local governments is an important pollution prevention and risk reduction tool.
With this information, the Agency will be able to determine appropriate pollution
prevention measures to incorporate into case settlements, and local authorities
are able to prepare more effective emergency response plans, training programs
and notification procedures to protect health and the environment.
The Regional EPCRA Enforcement program will support the Agency's Ecological
Protection goal identified in the 1996 budget request. In 1996, the Regions will
target inspections and enforcement actions at companies with data quality and
data reporting violations, particularly in light of the expansion in chemicals
covered under TRI. The Regions will also continue to conduct compliance
inspections to detect companies that have failed to report stockpiles or
emissions. Most of these inspections are conducted by contract employees working
under a grant with the National Council of Senior Citizens (NCSC).
The program will expand EPCRA enforcement activities under sections 302,
303, 311, and 312, against companies that failed to submit to the Local Emergency
Planning Commission (LEPC), information necessary for an emergency plan. Other
8-54
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high priority areas for enforcement will also focus on companies which fail to
report releases to the State Emergency Response Commission (SERC) and to the
LEPC.
Explanation Of Change +10.1 FTE +$781.8K (PRO) +11.6K (AC&C)
An increase of 10.1 total workyears and associated salary and
administrative dollars will support the program's effort to increase targeting
8-55
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compliance monitoring activities at late and nonreporters, improving TRI data
quality, and increasing in the number of Federally conducted inspections.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $669,400 supported by 10.8
total workyears for this program, of which $669,300 is from the Program Research
Operations appropriation and $100 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Moving towards a more multimedia approach, the program is conducting
compliance inspections of, and providing compliance assistance outreach to
chemical facilities that use, manufacture or process potentially harmful
chemicals to verify that such facilities observe the EPCRA reporting
requirements. The program is using this information to develop the TRI, which
is an important pollution prevention and risk reduction tool. With this
information, both Headquarters and Regions are able to determine appropriate
pollution prevention measures to incorporate into case settlements, and local
authorities are able to prepare more effective emergency response plans, training
programs and notification procedures to protect health and the environment.
The program is targeting its enforcement efforts toward facilities which
have violated other environmental statutes, are located in sensitive ecosystems,
near population centers, or might otherwise be appropriate enforcement targets.
It is also conducting case development and settlement negotiations under EPCRA.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $2,124,700 supported by 12.6
workyears for this program, of which $757,200 is for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $1,367,500 is for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1994 the program continued to conduct compliance inspections of chemical
facilities that use, manufacture or process potentially harmful chemicals to
verify that such facilities observe the reporting requirements of EPCRA.
Enforcement actions continued to target data quality and non-reporting to enhance
the usefulness of the TRI system. The Regions developed appropriate enforcement
actions in response to any violations of EPCRA detected during inspections.
8-56
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
HAZARDOUS WASTE 9-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research 9-11
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies 9-25
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Hazardous Waste .... 9-27
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Water 9-32
Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Underground
Storage Tanks 9-33
Financial Assistance 9-36
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States . . . 9-37
Financial Assistance Underground Storage Tanks State Grants . . 9-42
Hazardous Waste Management Strategies Implementation 9-44
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory
Strategies Implementation . . . . 9-45
Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III 9-49
Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III .... 9-50
Working Capital Fund - Hazardous Waste 9-55
Working Capital Fund - Hazardous Waste 9-56
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement 9-57
Hazardous Waste Enforcement 9-58
-------
-------
APPROPRIATION
HAZARDOUS WASTE
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Program & Research
operation - Flood
Reimbursements
TOTAL, Hazardous Waste
$94,809.5 $98,972.6 $98,005.9 $97,441.5 $106,410.1 $8,968.6 $7,437.5
$189,320.6 $206,232.5 $185,422.6 $183,066.9 $206,685.1 $23,618.2 $452.6
$17,593.3 $15,713.9 $14,397.6 $14,278.1 $11,699.5 -$2,578.6 -$4,014.4
$200.0
$301,923.4 $320,919.0 $297,826.1 $294,786.5 $324,794.7 $30,008.2 $3,875.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
1,428.8
1,485.4
1,479.3
1,479.3
1,547.3
1,588.0
1,524.4
1,564.6
1,488.2
1,524.4
-36.2
-40.2
8.9
45.1
$293,785.6 $311,379.5 $293,808.3 $285,739.4 $304,634.6 $18,895.2 -$6,744.9
The Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended, expired on November 8, 1988.
Reauthorization is pending. The Environmental Research, Development and
Demonstration Act expired September 30, 1981. Reauthorization is pending.
9-1
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
DI FFERENCE
PRES. CURRENT
BUDGET ENACTED ESTIMATE
1995 1995 1995
ENACTED VS
PRES. BUD
EST. VS EST. VS
PRES. BUD ENACTED
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Program & Research
operation - Flood
Reimbursements
TOTAL, Hazardous Waste
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
$98,972.6 $98,005.9 $97,441.5 -$966.7 -$1,531.1 -$564.4
$206,232.5 $185,422.6 $183,066.9 -$20,809.9 -$23,165.6 -$2,355.7
$15,713.9 $14,397.6 $14,278.1 -$1,316.3 -$1,435.8 -$119.5
$320,919.0 $297,826.1 $294,786.5 -$23,092.9 -$26,132.5 -$3,039.6
1,479.3 1,547.3 1,524.4 68.0 45.1 -22.9
1,479.3 1,588.0 1,564.6 108.7 85.3 -23.4
The following points list the major reasons that the dollars devoted to this media have changed from submission
of the President's FY 1995 Budget Request to the FY 1995 Current Estimates.
Program and Research Operations
o Congressional action has resulted in reductions in the PRO account.
o Redirections by the Administrator have impacted account balances.
o The distribution of PRO dollars associated with the Agency's "contractor conversion" initiative has
impacted account balances.
Abatement, Control and Compliance
o Congressional action has resulted in reductions to both the administrative and programmatic portions
of the AC&C account.
o Redirections by the Administrator have impacted account balances.
o Implementation of the Agency's "contractor conversion" initiative has impacted account balances.
Research and Development
o General reductions resulting from the 1995 enacted appropriations were applied to research for
bioremediation and waste management research.
o Reduction to implement the Agency's contract reform initiative.
o Redirection of resources to Multimedia for the Fellowship Program.
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, as revised by the
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984, provides the legislative
mandate for a nationwide program to protect human health and the environment from
the risks of improper management of hazardous and solid wastes. The goals of the
Act are to: ensure protective management of hazardous waste from generation to
disposal as well as minimize the generation of hazardous waste; ensure adequate
and safe management and disposal capacity for solid wastes; and prevent and
detect leakage from underground storage tanks (USTs).
The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, Title III of the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, helps state and local
officials address risk posed by hazardous chemicals present in their communities.
This program gives state and local governments tools they need to develop
response plans to protect and inform the public in the event of a chemical
release emergency. The Clean Air Act (CAA) accidental release provisions, which
build on the Title III program, require facility owner/operators to prepare risk
management plans to prevent, detect, and respond to chemical accidents.
The goal of the Underground Storage Tanks program is to prevent, detect,
and address leaks from underground storage tanks (USTs) containing petroleum and
hazardous substances. The program encompasses both leak prevention as well as
remedial activities. The UST program objectives are to stimulate development and
implementation of comprehensive state, local and tribal regulatory programs with
prevention requirements (i.e., installation, upgrade, leak detection, and
technical operating standards) that are at least as stringent as Federal
regulations; to improve implementation and enforcement performance; and to
provide ongoing technical information, assistance, and training. These
objectives directly support the Agency's guiding principle of partnerships
through building strong state, local and tribal UST programs. Environmental
damage is minimized by the development of effective state leak detection and
corrective action programs.
The Agency continues to refine program strategies to direct both private
and public resources towards the greatest environmental risk. In the RCRA
program, an expanded strategic planning process is being employed to set goals
for improving the program. Strategic planning facilitates setting priorities
according to relative risk across the RCRA program, including in corrective
action stabilization and permit writing work. Additionally, the RCRA program
will continue ongoing efforts to develop risk based management standards for
hazardous waste. Enhanced and expanded risk assessments will be incorporated
into the RCRA permitting process.
To ensure that program implementation is both equitable and efficient, the
Agency is employing the following strategies: 1) revising program guidance and
strategies to better address relative risk; 2) promoting the development of state
and Tribal programs to leverage the Federal investment; 3) balancing prevention
9-3
-------
and corrective action efforts to reduce risk and conserve program resources; 4)
improving the understanding of regulatory requirements through a national
outreach and education network; 5) conducting scientific research and encouraging
use of promising new technologies; and 6) strengthening contract management
controls to ensure that resources expended yield the maximum benefit to the
Agency.
FY 1996 Program Highlights
In FY 1996, the Agency will strengthen its commitment to provide equitable
treatment to citizens and communities under environmental laws, policies and
regulations. The Agency will enhance participation in environmental
decision-making through earlier public meetings, multilingual fact sheets and
interpreters; ensuring information is accessible to those affected by Agency and
state actions. Environmental justice issues will become part of the regulatory
development process with the development of better analysis tools for assessing
cumulative risk as well as historical trends in communities.
Tribal waste management issues will receive greater attention as support
is expanded to develop stronger partnerships with Native American groups.
Projects and cooperative activities will build capacity and infrastructure,
enhancing tribal effectiveness in managing • their own environmental programs.
Tribes will have the option of becoming authorized for only those portions of the
RCRA program that they need, offering them more local control in safely managing
wastes on tribal lands.
Building on the work of the recent extensive public dialogue on waste
management choices, the RCRA program will continue to move toward a more
innovative and flexible approach. Incentives for pollution prevention and
environmentally safe recycling of hazardous waste continue to offer the best
potential for improvements to the RCRA regulatory framework. To increase
efficiency, the Agency will reassess the permitting process, expand on-going
pilots to simplify procedures and remove obstacles to the use of innovative
treatment technologies for contaminated media. Clarification of corrective
action cleanup guidelines will make the states' work easier. The Agency will
engage stakeholders to develop and begin implementation of risk-based,
non-regulatory approaches to pollution prevention and management of industrial
non-hazardous waste.
The RCRA program is undertaking a comprehensive review of future data and
technology needs which will continue in 1996. Working closely with the states,
the Agency is exploring ways to streamline data gathering while collecting what
information is needed to adequately measure performance. Enhanced public access
is a concurrent focus of the effort.
Opportunities for hazardous waste and municipal waste reduction will be a
focus of outreach and implementation in the RCRA program in FY 1996. The
hazardous waste minimization outreach campaign will work with Large Quantity
Generators (LQGs) and facilities and through state compliance assistance programs
to explore and utilize options for waste minimization, including process changes,
substitute materials, and innovative technologies. In the municipal solid waste
area, the successful Wastewi$e program will be expanded. Efforts to build the
9-4
-------
recycling infrastructure through the promotion of markets for recyclables will
continue.
In the corrective action program, emphasis will increase on implementation
of facility stabilizations. This shift from long-term to shorter-term
remediation efforts will leverage the Federal investment and help achieve greater
environmental protection. In the enforcement program, the focus on pollution
prevention and waste minimization in inspection targeting and in enforcement
settlements will continue. The compliance program will continue implementation
of its sector-based approach, through the Agency's "Common Sense Initiative"
concentrating on the printing industry, as well as the automobile assembly,
electronics and computers, iron and steel, metal plating and finishing, and
petroleum refining industries, in order to improve coordination and identify
innovative options for pollution prevention. Compliance monitoring and
enforcement activities will be further reinforced through the continued training
efforts with U.S. and Mexican Customs, U.S. Coast Guard, Department of
Transportation and EPA Regional Offices.
The UST program regulates approximately 1.2 million tanks at 500,000'
facilities. EPA has adopted a decentralized approach to UST program
implementation by building and supporting strong state, local and tribal
programs. State and local governments will continue to implement program
activities, i.e., maintaining tank notification information, promoting and
enforcing leak detection compliance, and developing state program approval
applications. A primary focus will be on increased initiatives to encourage
early compliance with the 1998 upgrading deadline. Regions will continue to work
with states to develop and obtain approval for their UST programs, and with
tribal governments to directly implement the UST program and to educate owners
and operators on tribal lands. Headquarters' role is to provide leadership,
support, expertise and assistance to the Regions and states through strategic
planning, outreach materials, guidance and policy documents, and training and
targeted assistance in the areas of leak detection enforcement, upgrading, and
state program approval.
The UST program has made strides, in the area of approving state UST
programs to run in lieu of the Federal program. Currently 14 states have
received final State Program Approval, four states have tentative approval, and
20 states have draft applications in various stages of completion. The UST
program will continue its commitment to build consistent, strong, Agency-approved
state programs. Federal resources provide state, territorial, and tribal nations
a base level of funding for core program activities. These activities include
operating tank notification systems, developing and implementing installation and
technical operating standards, as well as tank upgrading, closure, financial
responsibility, and cleanup requirements. Through these grants, EPA will assist
states in developing adequate statutes and regulations, preparing state program
approval applications, managing, implementing and enforcing the program
components, and performing outreach to the regulated community and other affected
parties.
To further the goal of improving the implementation of the UST program on
tribal lands, the Agency is shifting Headquarters resources and FTE to the
Regions towards direct implementation of the UST program on tribal lands.
9-5
-------
Additional funds for state and tribal grants to build consistent, strong,
Agency-approved UST programs throughout the States and Indian nations are also
being sought. As a result, the Agency is disinvesting in the areas of regulation
and policy development, program management and program implementation at the
Headquarters level.
In 1996 under the CAA accidental release provisions, the Title III program
will increase efforts to help states implement the accidental release program.
EPA's key priority in 1996 is to ensure states get the support they need to build
their accident program infrastructure. The Agency will provide technical
assistance and training to assist states in their efforts to: develop
legislative programs; establish funding mechanisms; develop accident prevention
techniques; and register and review facility management plans. These efforts
promote the program's accidental release prevention goals by developing the
capabilities of state and local communities to prevent chemical releases. They
will be measured by the increased requests from states for delegation of
authority to implement the accidental release program.
EPA is also committed to providing the public better information about
sources of pollution in their communities. This is highlighted in the Agency's
initiative to develop and enhance LandView, a software system developed with the
Bureau of the Census that combines and displays demographic, economic and
environmental information. In 1996 EPA will continue to develop enhancements
that will improve state and local efforts to address environmental justice and
other environmental issues. EPA will also develop a distribution plan to ensure
the LandView system is made available to state and local users of environmental
information. At the same time, the Agency will develop a method for evaluating
system effectiveness as well as performance measures to assess environmental
benefits.
In the area of chemical emergency planning, the Agency continues to work-
with State Emergency Response Commissions (SERCs) and Local Emergency Planning
Committees (LEPCs) to improve their efforts to implement the Title III program.
This work extends to the Agency's support of NAFTA by implementing the chemical
accident prevention, preparedness and community right-to-know provisions of the
U.S./Mexico Integrated Environmental Border Plan. Technical assistance will be
provided to states and urban areas along the border in developing projects to
reinforce joint contingency planning activities with Mexico. Regions will target
planning and response efforts to the 14 sister cities along the Mexican border.
Enforcement activities will focus on integrating Title III inspection
procedures into multi-media inspection and enforcement initiatives. This
emergency planning work is essential to building state and local capabilities to
minimize chemical accidents and mount a coordinated response. In an effort to
measure the environmental benefit from these activities, the Agency is beginning
to develop indicators that will be used to measure program performance.
Implementing a Responsive National Regulatory Program
In FY 1996, the Agency will continue to make strategic investments
necessary to advance important Administration objectives, while maintaining base
programs that achieve maximum risk reduction. One such important objective is
9-6
-------
implementation of the Administration's waste combustion strategy. The Agency
will finalize implementable and rigorous state-of-the-art safety controls for
waste combustion facilities, using the best available technologies and the most
current science. Waste minimization, enhanced public participation in
permitting, and full site-specific risk assessments are key components of the
strategy. In addition, the Agency will continue its increased emphasis on
monitoring the compliance status of commercial hazardous waste incinerators and
boilers and industrial furnaces.
In addition to these program efforts, the hazardous waste regulatory
program will continue to respond to existing statutory mandates and new
court-ordered deadlines for completing the remaining requirements mandated in
HSWA. Towards that end, the Agency will perform preliminary listing studies and
develop regulations to list as hazardous the specific wastes named in HSWA. The
Agency will also develop treatment standards for those wastes designated as
hazardous since the enactment of HSWA and will implement the land disposal
restrictions. In an effort to measure the environmental results from listings
and other program activities, the Agency will increase its efforts to develop
environmental indicators of program performance.
Supporting the Regulatory Program Through Research and Technology Transfer
The hazardous waste research program provides the scientific and technical
information necessary to support the development and implementation of hazardous
waste regulations, and provides the information to EPA Regional offices, state
and local governments, private industry, and other decision-makers. Research is
conducted in several areas: Ecological risk assessment methods/ecosystems
protection, groundwater, hazardous waste, surface cleanup, bioremediation, and
national and international technology transfer. The Agency will utilize the best
science at EPA laboratories,. academic institutions, other Federal Agencies and
the private sector to achieve the goals and objectives of this program.
Fees
The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 requires EPA to assess and
collect fees for services. The Agency will develop a regulation requiring a fee
for processing hazardous waste export notifications and RCRA handler
notifications. The fee will be designed to recover costs associated with
document processing and will pose a minimal economic burden on the regulated
community, while requiring minor administrative adjustments within the Agency.
The Agency projects initial revenues from these fees to be approximately $2.4
million per year. Agency authority to collect these fees is provided under the
Independent Offices Appropriations Act of 1951.
Presidential Investments
The Agency will continue an integrated cross-program Innovative
Environmental Technology program to support the President's technology
initiative. The program's focus is to work with affected parties to develop and
9-7
-------
implement new environmental technologies that will lower costs, increase
effectiveness, and further environmental compliance. Efforts will also be made
to reduce or eliminate regulatory and other barriers to innovative technology
development.
Environmental Goals
EPA is using performance measures and goal setting to manage for
environmental results. The hazardous waste and municipal solid waste programs
support the Agency goals of prevention and recycling, safe waste management, and
restoration of contaminated sites. The programs will work to structure and
implement regulations, standards, and outreach programs that will encourage
source reduction and recycling. The performance measures for hazardous waste
will track national progress in reducing the presence of the most persistent,
bioaccumulative and toxic constituents. Another measure of success will be the
number of enforcement settlements which incorporate pollution prevention or
pollution reduction activities.
Progress toward the goal of safe waste management will be measured by the
percentage of hazardous wastes that have been treated before safe disposal on
land. In addition, the Agency aims to reduce the amount of dioxin emissions from
hazardous waste combustion facilities, using 1991 levels as a baseline. The
corrective action program advances the environmental goal of the restoration of
contaminated sites. The Agency will assess environmental impact by tracking the
number of sites where cleanup actions have stabilized environmental releases at
sites where actual human exposure has been documented.
The UST program is measuring the number of confirmed releases, cleanups
initiated, and cleanups completed to contribute to the goals for the restoration
of contaminated sites and safe waste management. The Title III program will
measure the technical assistance and training to assist the states in developing
their own accidental release programs and the subsequent requests from states for
delegation of authority to implement the program.
Common Sense Initiative
The RCRA program supports the Agency's Common Sense initiative as co-lead
for the petroleum sector as well as by participation on other industry sector
teams. This initiative will involve Agency media offices working with
stakeholders to identify overly complex or overlapping environmental regulations
and standards. Working in a more coordinated fashion will promote a more
rational, integrated approach to waste management in the targeted sectors.
The Office of Underground Storage Tanks (OUST) is participating in the
Petroleum Refining Sector "Common Sense" Initiative. These facilities often have
regulatory responsibilities for underground storage tanks.
9-8
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
CURRENT
INCREASE (+)
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Regulations
RCRA Standards
Proposals
Promulgations
ACTUAL ESTIMATE
1994 1995
18 34
12 19
6 15
ESTIMATE DECREASE (-)
1996 1996 VS 1995
32
15
17
-2
-4
+2
Effl. Stds. Decision Doc.
Effl. Stds. Data Summaries.
UIC Petition Reviews
Implementation
Guidance Documents
Reports to Congress
State Authorization (cum.)
Base Program
HSWA Cluster I
Final Permit Determinations
and Closures (Cumulative)
Ongoing Permit Processing
UIC Permit Revisions
Enforcement/Corrective Action
Inspections ....
Administrative
4
13
2
48
19
,299
14
1
49
30
4,605
12
0
49
35
4,909
-2
-1
0
+5
+304
729
769
779
15,500
15,700
15,000
+10
-700
Orders
Civil Litigation
Criminal
Litigation
Monitoring of
Corrective Action
Activities
Facility
Assessments
1,684
174
173
881
208
1,700
200
150
900
60
1,700
180
150
900
60
0
-20
0
0
0
9-9
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 RED
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Waste
Research
Program & Research $12,406.4 $12,843.1 $12,535.3 $12,470.2 $11,116.4 -$1,353.8 -$1,726.7
Operations
Abatement Control and $788.0
Compliance
Research & Development $17,593.3 $15,713.9 $14,397.6 $14,278.1 $11,699.5 -$2,578.6 -$4,014.4
TOTAL $30,787.7 $28,557.0 $26,932.9 $26,748.3 $22,815.9 -$3,932.4 -$5,741.1
TOTAL:
Program & Research $12,406.4 $12,843.1 $12,535.3 $12,470.2 $11,116.4 -$1,353.8 -$1,726.7
Operations
Abatement Control and $788.0
Compliance
Research & Development $17,593.3 $15,713.9 $14,397.6 $14,278.1 $11,699.5 -$2,578.6 -$4,014.4
Hazardous Waste TOTAL $30,787.7 $28,557.0 $26,932.9 $26,748.3 $22,815.9 -$3,932.4 -$5,741.1
Research
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste 178.8 170.7 175.6 172.9 143.9 -29.0 -26.8
Research
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 178.8 170.7 175.6 172.9 143.9 -29.0 -26.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste 181.0 170.7 175.6 172.9 143.9 -29.0 -26.8
Research
TOTAL WORKYEARS 181.0 170.7 175.6 172.9 143.9 -29.0 -26.8
9-11
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
HAZARDOUS WASTE RESEARCH
PRINCIPAL OUTPUTS
1996 o Report on environmental fate profiles of fifty frequently occurring
chemicals.
o Report on the formation and control of dioxin emissions from hazardous
waste incineration.
o Publish operator guidelines for pollution prevention options in auto
body refinishing.
o Complete final reports on: Replacement for Chlorinated Copper Arsenate
Mercury Life Cycle and Pollution Prevention, and on Arsenic Waste
Reduction in Semiconductor Industries.
o Complete report on Risk Assessment of Mercury Using Indirect Exposure
Methodology.
o Report on approaches to clean-up of highly contaminated pesticide
mixing, formulating and loading industrial sites.
o Publish report on evaluation of prevention options for some RCRA listed
wastes under the OSW waste minimization strategy.
1995 o Complete report on low cost sorbents for removing hazardous materials
from contaminated aqueous media.
o Complete an assessment of leachate collection and landfill liner systems
for long-term performance and reliability.
o Report on the Development of Surfactant-Based Methods to Enhance the
Extraction of Chromate from Contaminated Soils and Ground Water.
o Report on Framework to Evaluate Uncertainty and Chemical Fate and
Transport Predictions for RCRA Corrective Actions.
o Report on the anaerobic degradation of munitions wastes in contaminated
soils and sediment.
o Develop a Sampling Method for Acetonitrile from Hazardous Waste
Combustors.
o Report on the design and operation of a municipal solid waste landfill
as a biochemical reactor for the generation of methane for energy
recovery.
o Provide reports on effectiveness of composting for bioremediation of
soils contaminated with hazardous wastes.
9-12
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1994 o Developed and provided the Office of Solid Waste a Decision Support
Software System and users guide for Hazardous Waste Facility Sitings.
o Completed a computerized prototype of the "Program for Assisting the
Replacement of Industrial Solvents" (PARIS) and a user manual for use
on Apple Macintosh Operating System.
o Published and distributed a Pollution Prevention Guideline manual for
Federal Facilities.
o Completed draft reports on two Municipal Innovative Technology
Evaluations (MITE) projects. The first is the evaluation of the
effectiveness of material recovery facilities and second is the
effectiveness of weight based collection systems as a waste reduction
measure.
o Developed a new bioremediation technology coupling the anaerobic and
aerobic biodegradation processes for highly chlorinated wastes.
o Completed report on Evaluation of Sampling and Field Filtration Methods
for the Analysis of Trace Metals in Ground Water.
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
HAZARDOUS WASTE RESEARCH
Budget Request
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $22,815,900 and 143.9 total workyears for
1996, a decrease of $3,932,400 and 29.0 workyears from 1995. Of the request,
$11,116,400 will be for the Program and Research Operations appropriation, and
$11,699,500 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents a decrease of $1,353,800 in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and a $2,578,600 decrease in the Research and Development
appropriation.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $26,748,300 supported by 172.9 total
workyears for this program element, of which $12,470,200 is for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $14,278,100 is for the Research and
Development appropriation.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $30,787,700 supported by 181.0 total
workyears for this program element, of which $12,406,400 was for the Program and
Research Appropriation, $17,593,300 was for the Research and Development
Appropriation and $788,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The sections below describe research program issues by fiscal
year.
Research Issues
Some 6,600 facilities store, treat or dispose of hazardous wastes. The
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations and permitting programs
control some 211,000 facilities which generate up to 275,000,000 tons of
hazardous wastes annually. The Hazardous Waste Research program provides
scientific and technical information for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response (OSWER) necessary to develop and implement hazardous waste criteria and
standards for regulations, and provide technical support to EPA Regional offices,
States, local governments, private industry. Research and technical support
activities will be conducted in ecological risk assessment methods, groundwater,
hazardous waste, surface cleanup, bioremediation, and technology transfer.
Ecosystems Protection
1996 Program Request
The 2.7 workyears for the in-house Hazardous Waste Ecosystems Protection
effort will be redirected to the Ecosystems Protection Issue within the
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Multimedia program element. No resources have been requested for Ecosystems
Protection in Hazardous Waste for 1996.
Explanation of Change -2.7 FTE No Change (R&D)
The decrease of 2.7 workyears in the Hazardous Waste Research Program
Element for the Ecosystems Protection Research Program is a result of redirecting
activities into Multimedia in 1996. Hazardous Waste Ecosystems activities are
being redirected to focus efforts on a more comprehensive view of ecosystems.
1995 Program
The focus of the 1995 Hazardous Waste Ecological Systems Protection Program
is to ensure that Agency scientists develop the risk methods necessary to conduct
ecological risk assessments. Ecological risk assessments funded by this program
are continuing to focus solely on single media effect of hazardous waste.
1994 Accomplishments
EPA scientists completed mechanistically-based models that predict the
accumulation of chemicals in small fish. These models permit the prediction of
chemical residue accumulation allowing better interpretation of ecotoxicological
effects resulting in improved approaches for listing and delisting hazardous
constituents. Scientists also developed a new mass spectroscopy technique to
assess chemical mixtures including hazardous waste lechates.
Groundwater
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,822,000 and 29.2 total workyears for
1996, a decrease of $81,300 and increase of 0.3 in workyears. The Program and
Research Operations appropriation funding related to workyears can be found in
the Infrastructure Issue.
Groundwater contamination is the major obstacle facing effective
implementation of the RCRA corrective action program. Even incremental
improvements in the effectiveness with which these sites can be remediated would
bring large benefits. Although ground water protection and groundwater
monitoring are important components of the RCRA regulations for both hazardous
and non-hazardous disposal facilities, there are many uncertainties in the
technical foundations on which these regulations are based. Improving this
technical base will allow for more effective protection of public health and the
environment. Success in addressing these problems will require a combination of
laboratory work to understand the fundamental contaminant transport and fate
processes, field work to evaluate the processes in their natural setting, and
development and application of mathematical models to integrate complex data sets
and make credible predictions for risk analysis and to support risk management
decisions.
In 1996, scientists will expand efforts to field evaluate in-situ
remediation technologies for petroleum-contaminated sites and methods for
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remediating sites contaminated by chromium plating waste. Reports will be
produced detailing the effectiveness of the tested technologies and to provide
guidance to the user community for those technologies deemed to be effective.
Research, to develop improved sampling methods and monitoring strategies to
support development of more effective RCRA Subtitle D and Subtitle C monitoring
regulations by OSWER, will continue. There will be an increased emphasis on
evaluating models that describe subsurface movement of nonaqueous-phase liquids.
Efforts will be made to conclude the evaluation of upgrading technologies for
storage tanks in anticipation of the regulations that will take effect in 1998.
Research focus for groundwater/hazardous waste will continue to move away
from development of new models and lab bench top testing toward field evaluations
of models, monitoring strategies, and remedial technologies. Completing field
validation will place more usable tools in the hands of regulators, States,
municipalities and industry.
Explanation of Change +0.3 FTE -$81.3K (R&D)
There is no material funding change to this issue in 1996.
1995 Program
In 1995, EPA's groundwater research addresses remediation of subsurface
contamination by hazardous waste, subsurface monitoring and characterization of
waste sites, and better understanding of mechanisms that control the transport
and fate of subsurface contaminants. The Agency is initiating a major study of
contaminant behavior in fractured carbonate rock which is one of the most
difficult problems affecting both groundwater remediation and groundwater
protection programs. Work is beginning on a field test of an innovative in-situ
method for remediating groundwater contaminated by chrome plating wastes.
Engineers are planning a field test of a prototype instrument for screening
organic contaminants. Researchers will accelerate work on acoustic methods for
improved leak detection and location methods for pipelines and on evaluating
technologies for upgrading storage tanks.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, a report on the evaluation of sampling and field filtration
methods for the analysis of trace metals in ground water was published and
distributed. A related workshop on the subject of sampling and field filtration
for both metals and organic contaminants was held, and a report summarizing the
workshop was published and distributed. These two reports, along with other ORD
research, form a major part of the scientific basis for the Office of the Solid
Waste's Subtitle D and Subtitle C groundwater monitoring regulations. A personal
computer-based screening model to describe hydrocarbon transport through the
unsaturated zone and a users manual for the model were completed and are being
distributed and supported by EPA's Center for Subsurface Modeling Support
(CSMoS). Other work included a report on the use of surfactants to modify
aquifer materials to reduce the mobility of hydrophobic organic compounds and
continued technical support to the Office of the Solid Waste and the Regional
offices for RCRA corrective action.
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Waste Management
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,430,800 and 43.6 total workyears for
1996, a decrease of $1,916,000 and a decrease of 12.6 workyears. The Program and
Research Operations appropriation funding related to workyears can be found
within the Hazardous Waste Infrastructure Issue.
Agency scientists will continue research that supports the Agency's
Combustion Strategy. Researchers will evaluate metals partioning/control
mechanisms, and Products of Incomplete Combustion (PICs) formation/control
mechanisms. Monitoring researchers will develop stack sampling methods for
metals and dioxin and develop continuous emission monitoring methods for metals
and organics such as dioxin or chlorinated PICS.
Scientists will continue to support the development and testing of SW-846
methods, but their focus will shift from traditional "target list" compounds to
an entirely new suite of analytical capabilities for identifying compounds not1
analyzable by conventional chemical analyses methods.
Explanation of Change -12.6 FTE -$1,916.OK (R&D)
Waste Management research will be reduced to fund other Agency priorities.
A number of programs will be eliminated or reduced. Activities being eliminated
include: landfill; full scale evaluation of hazardous air pollutants from high
temperature metal recovery units and dioxin formation and control; hard to manage
wastes; and risk efforts, except those associated with the Combustion Strategy.
Activities being reduced include: small generator assistance; waste minimization;
and decision support systems.
1995 Program
The Hazardous Waste Research program is addressing the general areas of
technology, monitoring and quality assurance, waste minimization, and risk
assessment/ecological risk. Technology research is centered on treatment,
storage, and disposal issues associated with hard to manage wastes. Issues and
areas include: landfill, combustion strategy, waste reuse, recycling, waste
minimization, and innovative technology development and/or use. The monitoring
program is focusing on improving existing analytical methods and developing
standard methods for new classes of compounds, including important hazardous
wastes not on existing toxic and hazardous substance lists. In addition, the
monitoring program is developing and testing a spatial data management decision
support system for surface water and hydrogeologic characteristics at hazardous
waste sites. The Hazardous Waste Risk Assessment program is designed to ensure
the development of hazardous waste practices which will protect human health and
the environment.
1994 Accomplishments
Technical Support provided by EPA scientists enhanced the design,
construction, and operation of the landfill systems so that these systems can be
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constructed and operated more efficiently with less expense and greater safety.
Waste minimization training guidance manuals have been developed which assist the
regions and the states to train their staff so that the pollution prevention
techniques can be utilized more effectively. The Agency has made available
improved monitoring methods for emissions which assist in evaluating the
performance of the hazardous waste incinerators.
Surface Cleanup
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $446,300 and 3.3 workyears for 1996, a
decrease of $1,300 and increase of 0.1 workyears from 1995. Program and Research
Operations appropriation funding related to workyears can be found in the
Hazardous Waste Infrastructure Issue.
The technical support activities within surface cleanup research are
divided between (1) an engineering support program, and (2) a site monitoring and
assessment support program. These programs provide both the Superfund and RCRA
Corrective Action Programs in the EPA Regional Offices with site specific
assistance and disseminate technical information through documents, data bases,
and workshops, which are made available to a wide range of users. These programs
are of critical importance to EPA Regional and Program Offices because they
provide a mechanism for bringing extensive remediation expertise to bear on
practical problems associated with the implementation of RCRA.
Researchers will address the effects of hazardous waste disposal on land.
Scientists will emphasize closure and post closure activities, and will evaluate
design performance at actual operating hazardous waste sites. Researchers will
continue to characterize air emissions from hazardous waste treatment, storage
and disposal facilities (TSDFs), and will continue to assess methods to control-
emissions. The Agency will encourage the development, demonstration, adoption
of pollution prevention techniques and technologies. The Office of Research and
Development (ORD) will continue technical support through field consultations and
technology transfer.
Explanation of Change +0.1 FTE -1.3K (R&D)
This resource shift represents no material change to the Surface Cleanup
research program.
1995 Program
Surface cleanup research is focusing on site characterization, monitoring,
and quality assurance, and on RCRA corrective action and technical support. The
research on site characterization, monitoring, and quality assurance is
determining the type and extent of contamination, and assessing techniques to
improve screening and reduce the cost of laboratory analyses. Staff are
supporting RCRA corrective action and technical support programs by providing
scientific and engineering expertise at selected hazardous waste sites.
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Scientists are developing sampling protocols for volatile organic compounds
in soils and are improving sampling techniques for heterogeneous hazardous
wastes. ORD continues to supply site-specific technical support to Regional
permitters to help ensure technically-sound and cost-effective remediation of
contaminated sites in the RCRA Corrective Action program.
1994 Accomplishments
Technical support for surface cleanup enhanced the required cleanup
activities throughout the regions so they performed faster, and more thoroughly,
with less expense and more safety. Making the latest technology and thinking
available more quickly to the agency's Remedial Project Managers results in
considerable savings in time and money. In addition, having researchers involved
in current assessments and remediation activities produces the additional benefit
of increased understanding of the application side of surface cleanup. In 1994,
assistance was supplied in response to 26 requests from EPA Regional Offices.
Examples were support for characterization, including selection and design of
remediation treatment technologies at a manufacturing site contaminated with
metals and volatile organics (VOCs) and scientific oversight of three
treatability studies at disposal sites contaminated with PCBs, metals and VOCs
in order to ensure the tests results would be scientifically valid.
Bioremediation
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $682,000 for the Research and Development
Appropriation and 16.1 total workyears for 1996, a decrease of $496,000 and a
decrease of 2.9 workyears. The Program and Research Operations appropriation
funding related to workyears can be found within the Hazardous Waste
Infrastructure Issue.
Bioremediation is an engineered process using microorganisms to decompose
toxic and hazardous compounds to improve environmental quality and reduce the
risk of human exposure to such chemicals. Bioremediation processes are typically
non-toxic and non-hazardous to the environment, are less disruptive to the
environment and less expensive than other treatment options, such as excavation,
incineration, and landfilling. Research in 1996 for bioremediation of hazardous
wastes will be reduced to address only industrial mixing and loading sites for
pesticides.
Research on bioremediation will continue at the pesticides mixing and
loading industrial site initiated in 1995 and will identify approaches for clean-
up of highly contaminated formulating and mixing sites. Validation of these
approaches will be undertaken at comparison study sites.
Research in this media is also linked with bioremediation research being
conducted within the Superfund and the Oil Spills programs.
Explanation of Change -2.9 FTE -$496.OK (R&D)
These resources have been shifted to other Agency priorities resulting in
9-19
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the need for a more deliberate approach to selection of chemical groups to field
test. Since resources are to be reduced, it will not be possible to begin field
testing of other chemical groups such as Poly Aeromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH's),
wood preservatives, and halogenated solvents. Once the pesticides mixing sites
work is complete selection of the next chemical group to study will be
determined.
1995 Program
Researchers are developing bioremediation approaches for different types
of contaminants and for different environmental conditions. The shift of
emphasis of the research from laboratory bench top and pilot scale to field
testing and demonstration has begun. The problem of elevated levels of pesticide
contamination at mixing and loading stations has been identified as a high
priority issue. Pesticide formulators from industry are cooperating in the
research by providing sites and technical assistance. Researchers are
characterizing the sites for field experiments. Once the nature of the sites is
thoroughly understood, scientists and engineers will begin field tests with
various bioremediation approaches. Other bench top and pilot scale studies are
continuing on such chemical groups as PAHs, wood preservatives and nitrates.
1994 Accomplishments
Agency scientists have developed a new bioremediation technology which
couples the anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation processes for highly chlorinated
wastes resulting in a process for complete degradation into innocuous materials.
EPA researchers also developed a novel air biofilter using biomass encapsulated
in silica gel which offers low-cost complete destruction of highly chlorinated
hazardous solvents in contaminated air. This was the first attempt to develop
bioremediation approaches for contaminated air situations.
Pollution Prevention
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,529,000 and 9.6 total workyears for 1996,
an increase of $15,900 and 0.1 workyear. The request of $1,529,000 will be for
the Research and Development appropriation. The Program and Research Operations
appropriation funding related to workyears can be found under the Hazardous Waste
Infrastructure Issue.
EPA's Waste Minimization National Plan focuses on reducing the generation
and subsequent release to the environment of the most persistent,
bioaccumulative, and toxic constituents in hazardous wastes arid establishes three
goals: to reduce, as a nation, the presence of these constituents by 25 percent
by the year 2000; to avoid transferring these constituents across environmental
media; and to ensure that these constituents are reduced at their source whenever
possible, or, when not possible, that they are recycled in an environmentally
sound manner.
In 1996, the Agency will continue to develop the knowledge, tools, and
methods to promote the use of pollution prevention as the preferred means of
9-20
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managing hazardous waste. EPA will focus on source reduction options for
halogenated solvents and other toxic chemicals used in manufacturing processes.
Researchers will emphasize field validating methodologies for identifying and
reducing toxic chemical usage; developing specific product and manufacturing-
process guidance; stimulating and evaluating the development of innovative
source-reduction technologies; communicating the results of research to
interested users; and providing technical support to clients in their efforts to
identify and assess pollution prevention opportunities. Reports will be prepared
on the results of these efforts. For example, a report on the evaluation of
prevention options for some RCRA listed hazardous wastes identified in the Waste
Minimization Plan will be available.
Explanation of Change +0.1 FTE +$15.9K (R&D)
This resource and workyear shift represent no material change to the
Pollution Prevention Research program.
1995 Program
The Agency is continuing its emphasis on developing and validating tools
to enable pollution prevention implementation, demonstrating and evaluating
pollution prevention technologies, and disseminating pollution prevention
information. In conjunction with the Department of Energy, researchers are
completing combined training and pilot case studies of joint energy audit and
opportunity assessments at 16 universities. In conjunction with the American
Institute of Architects, the Agency is completing a modified life cycle analysis
of six new building materials for the quarterly Environmental Resource Guide.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency has published and distributed three Clean Technology Guides and
a Pollution Prevention Guidance Manual for Federal Facilities. In addition, a
software is designed for selecting alternative less toxic cleaning chemicals used
as industrial solvents in the printing industry.
Technology Transfer
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $678,800 and no workyears for 1996, a
decrease of $2,100. The request of $678,800 will be for the Research and
Development appropriation.
ORD will conduct workshops on measurement methods for hazardous waste
treatment. Scientists and engineers will provide documents on subsurface
remediation of groundwater at hazardous sites and on cleaner technologies for
small- and medium-sized waste generators.
Explanation of Change No Change FTE -$2.1K (R&D)
This resource shift represents no material change to the technology
transfer activities of this program.
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1995 Program
EPA is developing reports on continuous emission monitoring, personal
computer software for evaluating municipal solid waste management options, a
handbook for the management of the disposal of used oil, and a CD-Rom package
containing information on available CIS tools for characterizing, remediating,
and monitoring hazardous wastes. Engineers will conduct workshops for managing
hazardous wastes in southeast Asia and in Central and South America under the
Environmental Technology Initiative.
1994 Accomplishments
EPA's Center for Environmental Research Information (CERI) completed and
made available publications on Design, Operation and Closure of Municipal Solid
Waste Landfills and on Operational Procedures for Hazardous Waste Combustion
Devices.
Environmental Review of Toxic Chemicals
1996 Program Request
The Agency is eliminating research for Environmental Review of Toxic
Chemicals support in the Hazardous Waste research program. This reduction will
result.in a decrease of $97,300 to the Research and Development Appropriation and
a decrease of 5.9 workyears. The Program and Research Operations appropriation
funding related to workyears is reflected within the Hazardous Waste
Infrastructure Issue.
Explanation of Change -5.9 FTE -$97.3K (R&D)
These resources have been shifted to other Agency priorities in 1996.
1995 Program
Scientists are completing the documentation of the System for Predicting
environmental fate constants and are distributing the software to users.
1994 Accomplishments
Agency scientists completed development of a pilot system for predicting
environmental fate constants.
Exploratory Grants and Centers
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $388,800 and no workyears for 1996, a
decrease of $1,200. The request of $388,800 will be for the Research and
Development appropriation.
The ORD Minority Academic Institutions Research program will continue to
focus on current hazardous waste environmental issues, such as understanding
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local and national aspects of environmental issues, policy implications,
environmental justice and ethical issues.
Explanation of Change No Change FTE -$1.2K (R&D)
There is no material change to this program in 1996.
1995 Program
The ORD Minority Academic Institutions Research program focuses on
hazardous waste environmental issues, such as local and national aspects of
environmental issues, policy implication, environmental justice and ethical
issues.
1994 Accomplishments
The program completed a draft annual report on the status of projects
related to environmental policy issues, the development of an environmental
equity program, and individual research projects. The final report will be'
available in 1995.
Infrastructure
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,116,400 from the Program and Operations
Research Appropriations and 42.1 workyears for 1996, a decrease of $1,353,800 and
0.5 workyears from 1995.
Adequately funded infrastructure is critical to ORD's success in conducting
the quality science needed to assure that the Agency's decisions are
scientifically sound. The most critical part of ORD's infrastructure is its
staff. The assumption underlying all our research activities includes a
productive workforce.
This issue was created to centralize infrastructure and improve management
of ORD's salaries, travel, and related costs associated with managing and
implementing research programs.
Workyears in this issue perform the following activities; science policy
and program development; technical evaluation, review, and guidance to EPA
program/regional offices, Federal/State Agencies, and foreign governments;
research quality assurance and program review; extramural resource management;
technology transfer of scientific information; ADP technical program development
of environmental data systems; regulatory mission support; facilities maintenance
and oversight; health and safety, and environmental compliance; research planning
and program development; operational research oversight; policy and procedure
development; program planning and operations; resource planning and review;
document production; and secretarial/clerical support and personnel staffs.
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Explanation of Change -0.5 FTE -$1,353.8K (PRO)
The 1996 request for Program and Operations Research funding reflect the
overall reduction of 29.0 workyears programmatically described within the
Ecosystems Protection, Groundwater and Waste Management issues of this program
element, but whose payroll is supported through the Infrastructure issue.
1995 Program
ORD's current infrastructure program provides compensation and benefits,
and travel for ORD scientists, engineers, management and technical support
personnel. ORD's workforce carries out scientific research programs in support
of the Agency's mission.
1994 Accomplishments
ORD's infrastructure program provided compensation and benefits , and travel
for ORD scientists and engineers.
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines & Policies
PROGRAM
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies-Hazardous
Waste
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
RCRA Regulatory Program
- Water
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Regulations, Guidelines
and Policies - UST
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$18,959.0
$34,889.4
$53,848.4
$998.8
$6.8
$1,005.6
$3,606.4
$1,989.8
$5,596.2
$23,564.2
$36,895.6
$20,059.0
$46,139.6
$66,198.6
$462.1
$5
$462.6
$3,999.5
$2,859.9
$6,859.4
$24,520.6
$49,000.0
$20,210.8
$38,026.8
$58,237.6
$540.3
$540.3
$3,998.6
$2,549.4
$6,548.0
$24,749.7
$40,576.2
$20,110.0
$37,368.5
$57,478.5
$540.3
$540.3
$3,998.3
$2,507.6
$6,505.9
$24,648.6
$39,876.1
$21,964.7
$46,783.7
$68,748.4
$488.7
$5
$489.2
$4,204.9
$3,010.7
$7,215.6
$26,658.3
$49,794.9
$1,854.7
$9,415.2
$11,269.9
-$51.6
$5
-$51.1
$206.6
$503.1
$709.7
$2,009.7
$9,918.8
$1,905.7
$644.1
$2,549.8
$26.6
$26.6
$205.4
$150.8
$356.2
$2,137.7
$794.9
Compliance
Waste Management TOTAL $60,459.8 $73,520.6 $65,325.9 $64,524.7 $76,453.2 $11,928.5 $2,932.6
Regulations,
Guidelines & Policies
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies-Hazardous
Waste
RCRA Regulatory Program
- Water
Regulations, Guidelines
and Policies - UST
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
259.3
16.1
55.0
330.4
266.2
7.4
60.2
333.8
289.2
7.4
60.2
356.8
284.9
7.3
59.5
351.7
283.2
7.4
59.4
350.0
-1.7
1
-1
-1.7
17.0
-8
16.2
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines & Policies
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST
1994 BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE 1996
1995 1995
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies-Hazardous
Waste
RCRA Regulatory Program
- Water
Regulations, Guidelines
and Policies - UST
TOTAL WORKYEARS
266.2
16.4
57.3
339.9
266.2
7.4
60.2
333.8
297.9
7.4
61.9
367.2
293.6
7.3
61.2
362.1
291.3
7.4
61.1
359.8
-2.3
1
-1
-2.3
25.1
9
26.0
9-26
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS, GUIDELINES, AND POLICIES
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $76,453,200 and 359.8 workyears for 1996,
an increase of $11,928,500 and a decrease of 2.3 total workyears from 1995. Of
the request, $26,658,300 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $49,794,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,009,700 in the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and of $9,918,800 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Regulations, Guidelines, and Policies - Hazardous Waste
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $68,748,400 and 291.3 workyears for this
program, of which $21,964,700 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $46,783,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,854,700 for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation, an increase of $9,415,200 for Abatement,
Control and Compliance, and a decrease of 2.3 total workyears from the 1995
levels. The increase in Program and Research Operations reflects full funding
of the 1996 FTE. The Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation request
includes increases to support Agency initiatives. These resources support Agency
environmental goals of pollution prevention and recycling, safe waste management,
and restoration of contaminated sites.
In 1996, the RCRA program will continue to move from a primarily command
and control approach, directly implemented by the Agency, to a more flexible,
innovative and delegated program. In all activities, EPA will balance the need
for national consistency with the need for local solutions in implementing the
program. The RCRA solid and hazardous waste programs will become more
mplementable by state and local governments and industry as a result of
establishing clearer guidance and locally-tailored solutions. This commitment
will be aided by the program's continued support for such efforts as the Agency's
Common Sense Initiative, which will expand on previous work with industry and the
states in examining the management approach toward the petroleum refining
industry. Involvement of customers and stakeholders will be maximized in rule
and policy development and the Agency will explore and use approaches under other
statutes and work cooperatively with other federal programs. Additional support
will go toward building a leadership role and refining our long-term strategy in
the industrial non-hazardous waste management area. The Agency will expand
environmental justice activities to better protect the thousands of neighborhoods
in the U.S affected by industry sectors which pose environmental risk. Expanded
multilingual outreach efforts (including fact sheets), as well as new analysis
tools, will help ensure equitable treatment in environmental decision making.
The Agency will more effectively use its information databases in making policy
and measuring progress. A key focus will be making those databases available to
the public.
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Pollution prevention will remain a high priority as the Agency continues
to integrate waste minimization components into permitting and regulatory
activities, with an emphasis on source reduction. There will be added support
for waste minimization outreach campaigns to generators of all wastes
hazardous, industrial and municipal. The Agency will continue to foster the use
of successful models for waste reduction which could save industry substantial
waste treatment costs as well as increase the protection of human health and the
environment. The Agency will work closely with those states which have pollution
prevention programs already in place in order to avoid duplication. The
development and implementation of the Agency's Hazardous Waste Minimization and
Combustion Strategy will continue and the Agency will finalize upgraded technical
standards for combustion units that incorporate the latest advances in science
and waste management. The Agency's intent is to develop these rules under both
the Clean Air Act and RCRA so as to address both statutory mandates in a
streamlined fashion.
In 1996, the Agency will continue to move toward a more tailored, flexible
and targeted approach to hazardous waste management. Work to enhance the
efficiency of RCRA regulations will include improvements to the RCRA permitting
process as part of an Agency-wide effort to streamline permitting activities, as
well as efforts to streamline and improve the land disposal restriction program.
Regulatory reform efforts will also use better science and incorporate risk into
rules such as the Hazardous Waste Identification Rules for Contaminated Media and
Process Wastes, which will be finalized early in 1997. Also, the Agency will
continue to develop tailored standards which remove unnecessary barriers to
environmentally protective hazardous waste recycling and remediation. In
addition, efforts will be made to incorporate the Definition of Solid Waste Task
Force findings into the overall RCRA regulatory framework. The Agency will
propose the corrective action Subpart S rule which will encourage innovative
approaches and clarify cleanup guidelines.
The Agency will continue work on major Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments
(HSWA) regulations and fulfill the requirements of the Environmental Defense Fund
settlements. These include promulgation of several final listing determinations,
regulations further implementing the Land Disposal Restrictions program, and
finalization of a court-ordered rulemaking for landfills receiving conditionally
exempt small quantity generator waste.
Guidance and technical assistance to ensure adequate implementation of RCRA
regulations will focus on permits for incinerators and boilers and industrial
furnaces (BIFs), and the management of contaminated soil and debris.
Collaboration with the Department of Energy in support of the permit application
for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant will continue with work centering on the
determination of compliance with No-Migration requirements, analysis of test
phase activities and the preliminary performance assessment. Other Federal
facilities work will include finalizing a regulation identifying when military
munitions, ordnance and chemical warfare agents become hazardous waste.
The Agency will continue to work toward improving state and tribal
capabilities with an aim toward full state/tribal implementation of RCRA
programs. Emphasizing capacity building and technical assistance, rather than
oversight, the Agency will work closely with states to reduce the administrative
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barriers in the authorization process as well as those that hamper effective
program implementation. Due to the sizeable area of land that indian
reservations cover in the U.S., the Agency is increasing its support for tribal
waste management issues. This effort will include enhanced partnerships with
indian tribes, including support of Subtitle C and D program implementation on
indian lands through the identification of implementation options such as partial
authorization, memoranda of understanding with states, and cooperative agreements
with EPA. In the area of information management, the Agency will continue a
comprehensive review of future RCRA data and technology needs. This effort will
include looking for ways to reduce the amount of information collected, focusing
on increasing access to data, and improving methods of tracking program
accomplishments at hazardous waste facilities.
The Agency and the state steering committee on industrial waste will engage
other stakeholders to develop and begin implementation of a non-regulatory and
voluntary risk-based framework for prevention and management of industrial
non-hazardous waste. In addition, follow-on tasks resulting from the regulatory
determination on cement kiln dust will lead to a proposed program that addresses
the risks posed by cement kiln dust, while minimizing societal costs. The RCRA-
program will continue to be active in environmental issues involving the mining,
oil, and gas sectors.
The Agency's municipal solid waste program will continue to promote
national leadership in source reduction, recycling, and market development. As
a key player in the Agency's "Jobs Through Recycling" initiative, the President's
"Climate Change Action Plan", and the "Buy Recycled Campaign", the program will
serve as a technical clearinghouse for municipal solid waste management
information, options, and guidelines. Through these efforts, the Agency will
work to close the recycling loop in an effort to increase the demand for
recyclables by businesses and make state and community recycling programs
nationwide more economically viable. Agency outreach efforts will center on
sharing waste prevention strategies that result in real savings to businesses,
such as expanding the highly successful Wastewi$e program to state and local
governments. The program will carry on efforts to address solid waste issues of
national concern, such as the management of municipal waste combustion ash.
States and indian tribes will benefit from on-going technical assistance to help
them capitalize on the benefit of recycling and source reduction of municipal
solid waste.
The Agency will continue work on its Innovative Environmental Technology
program to support the President's technology initiative. The Agency will
continue to build partnerships leveraging public and private resources to promote
the development, commercialization, and use of environmental technologies.
In 1996, the RCRA program will begin to manage resources which support
data processing, telecommunications, and postage services through the Agency's
newly established Working Capital Fund. These services were previously funded
through an Agency-wide support account.
Explanation of Change -2.3 FTE +$9,415.2K (AC&C)
The Agency is requesting increased resources of 2 FTE and $794,000 to
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assist the Regions and states in addressing Environmental Justice concerns. 1.5
FTE and $232,500 are requested for outreach programs in pollution prevention of
both hazardous and municipal wastes. 4.5 FTE and $400,000 are requested for the
Common Sense Initiative which supports OSWER's co-lead role for the Petroleum
Sector, as well as work on the Toxicity Characteristic and municipal waste
combustion ash. Resources of 1.0 FTE and $1,193,000 are requested for permit
improvement tasks. Additional funding of $500,000 is requested for support of
Indian lands for implementation of Subtitle C and D. Resources of $350,000 are
requested for the development of innovative industrial non-hazardous waste
management methods. An increase of $3,613,500 represents the transfer of Working
Capital Fund resources to the RCRA program.
The Agency has various decreases amounting to 15 FTE and $1,950,000 for
1996, reflecting changing programmatic priorities. Resources of 3.5 FTE are
reduced for projects in the area of state capacity assurance due to decreased
activity in the program and the new approach introduced in 1994. A decrease of
6 FTE and $850,000 will occur in the Land Disposal Restrictions program.
Resources of $100,000 are reduced in the non-court-ordered portions of the
Hazardous Waste Identification Rule (HWIR). A decrease of $150,000 will be made
in the Special Wastes program, specifically mining, oil, and gas, as these
activities are not statutorily mandated or court-ordered. A decrease of 3 FTE
and $650,000 is proposed eliminating almost all program support for the municipal
landfills revised criteria and outreach, consistent with the maturation of this
program. In our corrective action program, a decrease of $200,000 is proposed
that reflects completion of the Post-Closure rule, which will eliminate the
requirement for Post-Closure permits, and a revised timetable for the follow-up
guidance and technical assistance activities. Other resource shifts reflect
increased activity in preparation of regulations under court-ordered deadlines.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $57,478,500 and 293.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $20,110,000 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $37,368,500 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Current operations include providing direction and technical guidance for
the national hazardous waste management program. Activities for 1995 include: 1)
two proposed Hazardous Waste Identification Rules for process waste and
contaminated media; 2) two proposed rules under the land disposal restrictions
program; 3) a final rule for expanding public involvement during the hazardous
waste permitting process; 4) a final rule to provide for opportunities for Indian
tribes to implement the RCRA Subtitle C hazardous waste program; 5) final listing
determinations for carbamates and organobromines; 6) a final regulatory
determination for cement kiln dust; 7) work on the corrective action Subpart S
rule that will encourage innovative approaches and establish a regulatory
structure specifically tailored for cleanup actions; and 8) a proposed rule to
identify when military munitions become hazardous wastes.
Hazardous waste combustion is receiving increased attention with a proposal
for upgraded technical standards for incinerators and boilers/industrial
furnaces. The Agency is also providing guidance to permit writers for data
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analysis of trial burn results and for performing full risk assessments at all
combustion facilities being permitted.
Commitments are being sought from industries in various sectors to reduce,
reuse and recycle both consumer and industrial solid waste materials. The
municipal solid waste program is providing leadership on source reduction and
recycling measurement methodologies and continues to re-examine the collection
and dissemination of data. The hazardous waste program is implementing the Waste
Minimization National Plan to encourage the reduced generation of hazardous
wastes. The Agency is also convening a task force to provide leadership and
develop a long-term strategy in the industrial non-hazardous waste management
area. In addition, the program is participating in the Environmental Technology
program in support of the President's innovative technology initiative.
In 1995, the program is continuing its regulatory reform effort, clarifying
rules and definitions to ease implementation and compliance as well as
eliminating disincentives to the recycling of hazardous waste.
In support of the Agency's Common Sense initiative, the program is
expanding upon previous work with industry and the states by examining the
management approach toward the petroleum refining industry, as well as other
industry sectors. The Agency is directing its efforts toward improving
environmental regulations and investigating industry processes that will
encourage cleaner technologies.
In the area of information management, the Agency is initiating the Waste
Information Needs (WIN) project which will perform a comprehensive review of
future RCRA data and technology needs and begin implementation of targeted
priority changes.
Congressional Directives: A total of $600,000 is for the Congressionally
directed project of an integrated waste management/disposal system development.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $53,848,400 supported by 266.2
total workyears for this program, of which $18,959,000 was from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $34,889,400 was from the Abatement Control
and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency issued the Combustion Emissions Technical Resource Document as
a preview to upgraded standards for hazardous waste combustion. The Agency
implemented the policy that risk assessments be performed for all hazardous waste
combustion permits and provided guidance and technical assistance for initial
site-specific risk-screenings and assessments.
The Definition of Solid Waste Task Force completed public consultation on
ways to improve the definition of waste for RCRA jurisdiction and its
relationship to the regulation of recycling. The Hazardous Waste Identification
Rule (HWIR) advisory committee conducted public discussion on establishing
regulatory frameworks for contaminated media and for process waste.
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Additional accomplishments in 1994 included two proposed listings for
organobromines and carbamates, and significant progress on the industry
characterization and listing determination of wastes from petroleum refining and
solvent use.
The Agency issued the final Phase II land disposal restrictions (LDR)
rule which included many changes to streamline the LDR program and made
substantial progress on the LDR Phase III rule. The Report to Congress on Cement
Kiln Dust (CKD) provided the groundwork for a final regulatory determination of
CKD status under RCRA in 1995. The Agency also supported three state oil and gas
program reviews and produced a set of resource documents on mining.
In 1994, the Agency's Indian program developed a proposed rule that would
give partial program authorization to tribal hazardous waste programs, and
tentatively approved the first tribal municipal solid waste program in the
country. The Agency continued to support tribal environmental programs through
grants which develop tribal communication networks and provide hands on training
and technical assistance to tribes.
In the municipal solid waste area, activities in 1994 included: a proposed
Comprehensive Procurement Guideline for Government agencies; successful launch
of the WasteWi$e program and the attraction of numerous charter members and
partner companies; successful initiation of the "Jobs through Recycling"
Initiative; and development, issuance, and implementation of "Recycling Means
Business", the Administrator's recycling market development strategy.
Regulations, Guidelines, and Policies - Water
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $489,200 and 7.4 total workyears for this
program, of which $488,700 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $500 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $51,600 in the Program and Research
Operations (PRO) appropriation, an increase of $500 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation and an increase of 0.1 total workyears.
The Agency will continue to review "no migration" petitions for the
continued injection of hazardous mining and mineral processing wastes that are
losing Bevill-exempt status. Facilities disposing of untreated hazardous waste
into injection wells must demonstrate "no migration" from the injection zone for
as long as the waste remains hazardous. In addition, the Agency will also
continue reviewing petitions for the continued injection of future wastes that
will be listed on a staggered Land Disposal Restrictions schedule. These will
be, primarily, additional wood preserving wastes, certain inorganic wastes and
other petroleum refining wastes. Before approving any new petitions or petition
modifications and reissuances, EPA will ensure that any prior releases have been
dealt with according to the RCRA Section 3004(u) corrective action plan
requirements.
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Explanation of Change +0.1 FTE -$51.6K (PRO) +$0.5K (AC&C)
The 1996 increase of 0.1 workyear reflects a minor shift of resources to
fund agency priorities elsewhere. The decrease of $51,600 in the PRO
appropriation reflects recalculated personnel costs in this program. There is
an increase of $500 in the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating $540,300 supported by 7.3 total workyears
for this program, all of which is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation. The Agency is focusing on new petitions for continuing the
injection of mining and mineral processing wastes which are losing Bevill-exempt
status, and those wastes classified as hazardous under the Toxic Characteristic
Leaching Procedure (TCLP). EPA is also continuing to process modifications and
reissuances for previously approved petitions and defending litigation
challenging prior petition decisions. Implementation of the corrective action
program continues to ensure that any prior or current releases are being
mitigated.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated $1,005,600 and 16.4 total workyears for this
program, $998,800 of which was from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $6,800 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Review continued for an additional four no-migration petitions,
submitted by deep well operators for exemptions from Land Ban prohibitions for
hazardous waste disposal. The Agency also completed action on four petition
revisions, modifications or reissuances and provided litigation support against
one no-migration petition approval.
Regulations. Guidelines and Policies - Underground Storage Tanks
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,215,600 and 61.1 total workyears. Of
this request, $4,204,900 is for the Program and Research Operations (PRO)
appropriation and $3,010,700 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance (AC&C)
appropriation. This represents a decrease of 0.1 total workyears, an increase
of $206,600 in PRO and of $503,100 in AC&C. The increase in Abatement, Control
and Compliance reflects data processing, telecommunications, and postage charges
under the Agency's new Working Capital Fund (WCF). These charges were previously
funded under a central, Agency wide support account. The increase in PRO
reflects full funding of the 1996 workyears.
The UST program regulates approximately 1.2 million tanks at 500,000
facilities. EPA has adopted a decentralized approach to UST program
implementation by building and supporting strong state, local and tribal
programs. State and local governments will continue to implement program
activities: seeking state program approval, ensuring leak detection compliance,
and promotion of early compliance and promoting early compliance with the 1998
tank upgrading deadline. Regions will continue to work with tribal governments
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to educate and build capability for implementing the program by providing
technical assistance and grants for tribal governments. Regions currently
directly implement the UST program on indian lands and negotiate and provide
oversight for state grants. Headquarters' role is to provide leadership and
expertise to the Regions and states through strategic planning, and by providing
guidance and policy documents, informational and compliance assistance materials
for the regulated community, as well as training and targeted assistance in the
areas of leak detection enforcement, upgrading, and state program approval.
Emphasis in 1996 will be on promoting early compliance with the 1998 tank
upgrading deadline and providing assistance to states in the information
management area.
Explanation of Change - 0.1 FTE + $503.IK (AC&C)
While overall FTE levels are flat, workyears have been redirected from
Headquarters to the Regions to support the UST tribal lands program. The
reduction of 2.6 FTE in the Headquarters UST program reflects a shift away from
regulation and policy development and program management. This decrease reflects
the maturation of the UST program and a greater need for resources in tribal•
lands program implementation. The increase in dollars is associated with data
processing, telecommunications, and postage charges under the Agency's new
Working Capital Fund. Within the base program, resources are being directed
towards promotion of early compliance with the 199-8 tank upgrading deadline,
indian lands work, and information management activities.
1995 Program
For 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,505,900 supported by 61.2
total workyears for this program. .Of this total, $3,998,300 is for Program and
Research Operations and $2,507,600 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1995, EPA continues to prevent and address leaks from underground
storage tanks (USTs) containing petroleum and hazardous substances. These
efforts include encouraging development and implementation of a comprehensive
regulatory program at the State and local level; improving implementation and
enforcement performance; and providing ongoing technical information, assistance,
and training. This work directly supports the Agency guiding principle of
partnerships through building strong state, local and tribal UST programs.
Regions continue to work with states to ensure that grant agreements focus on
tasks that further the national program's priorities, i.e., increasing the level
of and quality of field presence, utilization of alternative compliance
mechanisms, certification program development, and promotion of early upgrades
to existing tank systems.
EPA continues to delegate to the states the authority to run their own UST
programs. To that end, the Agency is evaluating the state program application
approval process to determine ways to improve the process and remove any
potential barriers that are hindering implementation. EPA expects that a total
of 20 states will have received state program approval and that 4 states will
receive tentative approval by the end of 1995. EPA will also begin to implement
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an EPA/state strategy to encourage owners and operators to begin complying with
EPA's 1998 deadline for upgrading or replacing tanks.
In FY 1995, EPA will launch a special group on EPA's electronic bulletin
board system, "CLU-IN" to serve as a forum for information exchange and
technology transfer between EPA, other Federal agencies, states, local and tribal
governments, responsible parties, and consultants and contractors. Some topic
areas to be addressed through CLU-IN include corrective action, cost control,m
risk-based corrective action and state program approval.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $5,596,200, supported by 57.3
total workyears. Of this total, $3,606,400 was for Program and Research
Operations and $1,989,800 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1994, the Agency devoted resources to streamlining and improving UST
program processes in the Regions and states. A process was designed to develop-
Regional Strategic Overviews (RSOs) were designed to provide a descriptive
outline of the status of UST program implementation in the states to allow and
for the Regions and Headquarters to make strategic investment decisions. The RSO
process provides EPA and states the opportunity to work together to develop and
improve state UST programs. Through the RSOs, the Agency is able to gain and
assess information on the status and progress of UST program implementation
across the nation. In addition, EPA and user states redesigned the Underground
Storage Tank Data Management System (UST/DMS) to make it more user-friendly and
technologically current.
By 1994, 14 states had received final approval to operate in lieu of the
federal program and 4 states had received tentative approval.
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Financial Assistance
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Waste
Management Financial
Assistance To States
Abatement Control and $97,380.1 $98,899.7 $97,049.7 $96,220.3 $98,298.2 $2,077.9 -$601.5
Compliance
TOTAL $97,380.1 $98,899.7 $97,049.7 $96,220.3 $98,298.2 $2,077.9 -$601.5
Underground Storage
Tanks State Grants
Abatement Control and $9,863.0 $9,794.7 $9,744.7 $9,581.7 $10,394.7 $813.0 $600.0
Compliance
TOTAL $9,863.0 $9,794.7 $9,744.7 $9,581.7 $10,394.7 $813.0 $600.0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and $107,243.1 $108,694.4 $106,794.4 $105,802.0 $108,692.9 $2,890.9 -$1.5
Compliance
Financial Assistance TOTAL $107,243.1 $108,694.4 $106,794.4 $105,802.0 $108,692.9 $2,890.9 -$1.5
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO THE STATES
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $108,692,900 for this program from the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This reflects an increase of
$2,890,900 from 1995 levels. The $108,692,900 includes $98,298,200 for Hazardous
Waste (RCRA) State grants and $10,394,700 for Underground Storage Tank State
grants.
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $98,298,200 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
a increase of $2,077,900 from 1995 levels. These resources support the Agency
environmental goals of pollution prevention and recycling, safe waste management,
and restoration of contaminated sites.
States are the primary implementors of RCRA. Guidance on national
priorities is annually provided to the states through the Agency's RCRA
Implementation Plan (RIP) and funding is provided annually to the states to
assist with continuing efforts to develop effective legislation and regulations.
The goal of the program is for states to achieve and maintain consistency with
the Federal hazardous waste management program, while providing for flexibility
to establish local priorities. The Agency will continue to encourage states to
participate in the development of Federal regulations which they will ultimately
be expected to implement.
Forty six states and two territories currently have received authorization
for the base program. Two of the remaining four states have submitted or are
preparing authorization packages for submission. EPA will continue to support
and encourage states to become authorized for post-Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments (HSWA) regulations such as corrective action and mixed waste.
Increasingly, states manage key hazardous waste information systems, including
the management of a national data base of waste generation, management and
capacity information.
In line with the program's risk-based approach, resources will be provided
to the states to address environmentally significant, high-priority facilities.
The highest priority will be to maximize risk reduction by focusing on facilities
with the greatest potential for serious environmental contamination. The
processing of incinerator and boiler and industrial furnace permits will also
remain a priority in order to ensure adequate monitoring and to reduce potential
risks at these facilities. States are increasing their emphasis on incorporating
waste minimization strategies into the permit process. These strategies have the
potential for eliminating large volumes of hazardous waste, before they enter the
waste stream. The states will also continue to review and approve closure plans
for land disposal, combustion, and storage and treatment facilities and to
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process appeals to permit decisions as they arise. Efforts will be expanded to
implement improvements to the permitting process to reduce delays and promote
innovative technologies.
The states will continue to be responsible for a majority of the inspection
and enforcement work. Inspections will emphasize compliance with
facility-specific permit requirements or interim status requirements at
unpermitted facilities. The states, in conjunction with the Agency, will
continue to inspect Federal treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. In FY
1996 increased resources will be targeted at generators with the greatest
potential for integrating concrete pollution prevention conditions into
enforcement settlement agreements. Work will continue with facilities that are
in non-compliance with corrective action orders and permit conditions.
The compliance program will begin to shift its emphasis from a media based
to a sector based approach. Sector based compliance assistance, especially for
small businesses (printing, auto repair, small farms, metal finishing, etc.) will
be implemented. This will be done together with a sector based emphasis on iron
and steel, petroleum/oil refining, auto manufacturing, computers/electronics,
metal finishing and plating, and printing in the compliance monitoring program,
as part of the Agency's Common Sense initiative.
In coordination with the Agency, the states will conduct increased
stabilization activities at corrective action facilities where appropriate. Over
3,000 hazardous waste facilities have been identified as requiring some level of
remedial action and the Agency and states face an immense challenge in completing
this cleanup program. States will help alleviate the backlog of facilities
awaiting corrective action by initiating and attaining stabilization at
appropriate facilities. The focus will be on quick actions to address actual or
imminent exposure to releases and to control their spread. As in the Agency,
state emphasis will be on implementing and sustaining stabilization measures at
high-risk facilities, rather than moving facilities through the lengthier, more
expensive long-term cleanup process. Also, the states will continue with
community outreach activities, increasing public awareness and involvement in
environmental decision-making. At other facilities, where appropriate, EPA will
encourage states to develop voluntary cleanup programs.
States will continue to give priority to certain geographic areas to
reflect their environmental significance and/or derived environmental benefits.
Targeted geographic areas include: the Gulf of Mexico, Mexican Border, the Great
Lakes Basin, Caribbean, and the Chesapeake Bay. The states will conduct a
comprehensive inspection and enforcement program and, where necessary, ensure
that remediation activities required of handlers in the high-risk geographic
areas are carried out according to the order or permit requirements.
The Agency will emphasize the importance of permitting and ensuring
compliance of hazardous waste combustion facilities for both Regions and states.
The combustion strategy calls for all existing interim status hazardous waste
incinerators and Boilers and Industrial Furnaces (BIFs) to be brought under EPA's
permitting standards. States will continue an intensified program of compliance
assurance at commercial combustion facilities, conducting annual inspections at
these facilities. Support will continue for a more aggressive enforcement
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program. In conjunction with the Agency, states will work towards providing
"around the clock" monitoring of commercial hazardous waste incinerators and
commercial BIFs through an on-site enforcement official or a computerized
monitoring system.
EPA will work with states to ensure an equitable environmental approach
across all communities. Thousands of neighborhoods across the United States are
affected by industries which pose environmental risks, and the Agency will
increase efforts to ensure opportunities for participation to all citizens.
States will assess and reduce health and ecological risks to urban populations
through increased use of RCRA authorities and increased community outreach with
an emphasis on disadvantaged urban populations. Increased multi-media
inspections will be conducted in identified urban areas. Environmental justice
activities will also emphasize Native American involvement. The Agency remains
committed to providing technical assistance and training whenever possible to
tribal entities as they work to resolve their hazardous waste management
concerns.
The implementation of NAFTA and the US-Mexican Integrated Border Plan will
be supported through inspections and enforcement activities in cooperation with
the Mexican Secretariat of Social Development (SEDESOL) and US and Mexican
customs. Activities include continued implementation of a strategy to locate
inactive and abandoned sites within the border area, continued improvement to and
implementation of a binational database allowing for the sharing of manifest
data, technical transfer visits to Mexican border area facilities, and continued
training for US Customs Agents.
The Administration will propose legislation to include this grant program
in the Performance Partnership Initiative. A state could elect to consolidate
this and other categorical media grants into one or more multimedia or single
media grants. The state (or where applicable, tribe) could then target its most
pressing environmental problem and use the performance partnership grant for a
number of activities including pollution control, abatement and enforcement.
This program will not compromise basic national objectives and legislative
requirements.
Explanation of Change +$2,077.9K (AC&C)
The Agency is requesting increased resources for several activities.
$4,000,000 supports increased corrective action efforts. Of the $4,000,000,
$2,400,000 will support increased corrective action stabilizations consistent
with the Agency's cleanup strategy. $1,600,000 will support issuance of
enforcement orders imposing corrective action requirements previously
incorporated in permits. This latter change is a result of the Agency's Post
Closure Rule which eliminated the Post Closure permit requirement under which
corrective action provisions were often imposed. Resources of $2,116,900 are
requested in the area of permitting, to expand streamlining efforts and
environmental justice initiatives. Streamlining efforts will work towards making
the permitting process simpler and more open to new technologies. Environmental
justice initiatives will broaden public involvement in the permitting process.
$721,000 is also requested in the compliance monitoring area to support pollution
prevention work. FY 1996 increases are also associated with implementation of
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the Agency's grant flexibility pilot which transferred funds from this account
in 1995 to a multi-media block grant account. Pending further implementation of
the pilot in 1996, funds have been returned to this account in the 1996 request.
The Agency has decreased certain activities for 1996, including a reduction
of resources for compliance monitoring and enforcement by $2,002,400. $1,565,400
consists of reduced monitoring and enforcement at low risk facilities and
$434,600 has been reduced in compliance monitoring and enforcement initiatives
for the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, Chesapeake Bay, and Great Lakes Regions. The
Agency has reduced the $15,542,800 corrective action program in two places by a
total of $1,120,000: a $600,00 reduction in long-term remediations and a
$520,000 reduction in initiatives for the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, Chesapeake
Bay, and Great Lakes Regions. Certain permitting activities have also been
reduced from the program's base. The Gulf of Mexico geographic permitting
initiative has been reduced by $500,000 and a $3,817,000 reduction is associated
with the elimination of the post-closure permits requirement.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $96,220,300 for this program, all of
which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1995, the Agency continues to provide funding to assist the states in
their ongoing efforts to develop legislation and regulations necessary to achieve
equivalence with the Federal hazardous waste management program. Most states are
authorized for the base RCRA program and will continue to develop the capability
to adopt corrective action and other provisions of HSWA.
The Regions continue to work with states to address environmentally
significant facilities and to encourage their priority consideration. Resources
remain for states to process permits and modifications for land disposal
facilities in order to ensure effective monitoring, and to address potential
contamination at these facilities. Resources are provided for the states to
maintain hazardous waste storage and disposal capacity by permitting
environmentally sound new facilities. The states are processing modifications
to operating permits, which need revisions due to changes in facility processes,
facility expansions, and the need to incorporate corrective action provisions as
warranted. Resources are also provided to perform permit reviews and
modifications at facilities in the Gulf of Mexico region. The states continue
to review and approve closure plans for incinerators and storage and treatment
facilities, and process appeals to permit decisions, as necessary.
In 1995, the states are conducting compliance monitoring inspections,
taking enforcement actions and requiring corrective action in high-risk areas of
long standing Agency concern. These areas include the Gulf of Mexico, the
Chesapeake Bay, Puget Sound and the Caribbean. The states also continue to
conduct enhanced levels of enforcement and corrective action activities at
facilities within the Great Lakes Basin.
The program leverages its resources by targeting its activities. . In
establishing priority areas for 1995, the Agency is emphasizing those facilities
with the greatest potential to have concrete pollution prevention conditions
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included in settlement agreements and those with the greatest multi-media impact.
The program is also focusing on identifying and taking enforcement actions
against those facilities in non-compliance with corrective action or other permit
conditions.
Almost all facilities have been assessed and prioritized for corrective
action. State grant resources expended on long-term remediation are being
redirected towards implementing stabilization measures. By emphasizing
stabilization measures, high risk facilities can be quickly addressed and limited
funding is used most efficiently towards risk reduction.
In 1995, the states are beginning an aggressive waste minimization program
and expanded public participation in the permitting process for incinerators and
boilers and industrial furnaces (BIFS). Priority is also being given to these
facilities for risk assessments and permit upgrades. Substantial state grant
resources are devoted to increasing the monitoring of combustion facilities.
On-site or computerized monitoring systems will provide "around the clock"
monitoring of commercial hazardous waste incinerators and commercial boilers and
industrial furnaces.
Information management resources continue to fund national implementation
of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Information System (RCRIS) and Biennial
Reporting System (BRS). In 1995, the Agency will continue efforts to ensure
comprehensive state input into ongoing improvements and modifications to RCRIS
and BRS. The states will also work with the Agency on the Waste Information
Needs (WIN) project, which will perform a comprehensive review of future RCRA
data and technology needs and begin implementation of targeted priority changes.
The Agency is encouraging the states to play a more active role in
developing the regulations which they are expected to implement, enlarging their
function as co-regulators. For example, the states are actively involved in
developing the new Hazardous Waste Identification Rules (HWIR) for process waste
and contaminated media and the corrective action Subpart S rule. The States are
participating in programmatic workgroups established to review the operating
guidance for updates to the Agency's RCRA Implementation Plan (RIP).
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $97,380,100 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The states continued to give priority to authorization and continued to
propose legislation and upgraded regulations in an effort to achieve equivalency
with the Federal hazardous waste management program.
Permitting efforts were directed toward combustion facilities,
environmentally significant closed land disposal facilities, modifications to
existing permits, and incorporation of pollution prevention conditions into
permits where appropriate. The program continued to call in permit applications
from interim status boiler and industrial furnace facilities. Priority was given
to ensuring environmentally sound combustion permits were developed, particularly
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for interim status facilities. Risk assessments were performed for all hazardous
waste combustion permits.
The states conducted approximately 95% of the compliance monitoring
inspections performed, with emphasis on conducting inspections of new RCRA
handlers and facilities entering the regulated community as a result of new rules
and listings. In addition, the states within the Great Lakes Basin conducted
intensified levels of inspections and initiated enforcement and corrective action
as appropriate.
The Agency and the states continued implementation of an integrated
enforcement/pollution prevention program which included: 1) inspections of
targeted groups of generators; 2) searches for facilities operating illegally
outside the RCRA system; and 3) incorporation of pollution prevention conditions
in enforcement settlements where appropriate.
The states continued to emphasize completing facility assessments and
prioritizing facilities for corrective action. Long-term corrective measures
were continued at facilities where they were already imposed. States began
emphasizing stabilization over long-term remediation to address facilities posing
the most significant threat in a timely manner.
Financial Assistance - Underground Storage Tank State Grants
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,394,700 for this program, all of which
is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation for the Regions. This
total represents an increase of $813,000 from 1995 levels to build consistent,
strong, Agency-approved UST programs throughout the states and indian nations.
These resources will be distributed to states, territories, and tribal
nations to provide a base level of funding for program activities. These
activities include implementing tank notification programs, promoting compliance
with installation/technical operating standards, as well as tank upgrading,
closure, financial responsibility, and cleanup requirements. Through these
grants, EPA will also assist states in developing adequate statutes and
regulations, managing and enforcing program components, performing outreach to
the regulated community and other affected parties, and developing state program
approval applications.
The Administration will propose legislation to include this grant program
in the Performance Partnership Initiative. A state could elect to consolidate
this and other categorical media grants into one or more multimedia or single
media grants. The state (or where applicable, tribe) could then target its most
pressing environmental problem and use the performance partnership grant for a
number of activities including pollution control, abatement and enforcement.
This program will not compromise basic national objectives and legislative
requirements.
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Explanation of Change +$813.OK (AC&C)
Increased funds are requested to support the development of UST programs
in states and on Indian lands. Grants will assist states and tribes in
developing adequate statutes and other elements of a comprehensive prevention
program. Emphasis will be placed on promoting early compliance with the 1998
tank upgrading deadline and on information management activities.
1995 Program
For 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,581,700 for this program,
all of which is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation for the
Regions. These resources are being provided to states to establish a base level
of funding for program activities. In 1995, the program continues to provide
grants to prevent and detect leaks from underground storage tanks (USTs) through
comprehensive state and local programs. Prevention is achieved through the
establishment of strong state installation, upgrade, leak detection, and
technical operating standards. Environmental damage is minimized by the
development of effective state corrective action programs.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of 9,863,000 for UST state grants,
all of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. UST
state grant funding was used to support state staff in developing state program
approval applications, implementing and enforcing the program components, and
performing outreach to the regulated community and other affected parties. In
addition, emergency supplemental grant funding was provided to support those
states affected by the 1993 Midwest flooding.
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Management Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE INCREASE
1994 BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE 1996 DECREASE DECREASE
1995 1995 1996 REQ 1996 REQ
VS VS
1995 CE 1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Waste
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
Program & Research $23,604.1 $35,525.2 $25,466.2 $25,314.9 $38,491.2 $13,176.3 $2,966.0
Operations
Abatement Control and $16,175.8 $30,881.8 $10,708.2 $10,509.2 $28,485.9 $17,976.7 -$2,395.9
Compliance
Program & Research $52.9
operation - Flood
TOTAL $39,832.8 $66,407.0 $36,174.4 $35,824.1 $66,977.1 $31,153.0 $570.1
TOTAL:
Program & Research $23,604.1 $35,525.2 $25,466.2 $25,314.9 $38,491.2 $13,176.3 $2,966.0
Operations
Abatement Control and $16,175.8 $30,881.8 $10,708.2 $10,509.2 $28,485.9 $17,976.7 -$2,395.9
Compliance
Program & Research $52.9
operation - Flood
Waste Management TOTAL $39,832.8 $66,407.0 $36,174.4 $35,824.1 $66,977.1 $31,153.0 $570.1
Strategies
Implementation
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste 367.2 553.1 422.7 416.2 562.2 146.0 9.1
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 367.2 553.1 422.7 416.2 562.2 146.0 9.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste 389.9 553.1 441.3 434.8 577.6 142.8 24.5
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS 389.9 553.1 441.3 434.8 577.6 142.8 24.5
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATORY STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTATION
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $66,977,100 and 577.6 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $31,153,000 and 142.8 workyears from 1995. Of the request,
$38,491,200 will be for the Program and Research Operations appropriation, and
$28,485,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $13,176,300 in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and an increase of $17,976,700 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. These increases are due largely to the transfer of
RCRA corrective action work previously budgeted as part of the enforcement
program. These resources support the Agency environmental goals of pollution
prevention and recycling, safe waste management, and restoration of contaminated
sites.
The Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation request increases
support for key Agency initiatives. In 1996, the Agency will expand
environmental justice activities, increasing public access and input in
environmental decision-making, including permitting and corrective action remedy
selection. Additional effort will go toward permit streamlining and waste
minimization outreach. The request also supports Regional participation in the
Agency's Common Sense Initiative, which will involve working with targeted
industries and the states to explore industry processes that employ cleaner
technologies, and promote a cross-media approach.
Joint Region and state/tribal program implementation will continue. Shared
implementation serves to build state/tribal capability and supports the
transition to full state authorization (and partial program authorization where
needed for tribal hazardous waste programs). The Regions will continue to
provide the states with the technical assistance and training they require for
permitting and for their increased corrective action responsibilities.
Accountability for performance is strengthened through continued emphasis on
enhanced information systems as tools for decision-making and program monitoring.
In 1996, RCRA corrective action work previously budgeted as part of the
enforcement program will now be performed under this program element. In
implementing the corrective action program, the Agency will address the enormous
challenge of addressing the more than 4,500 treatment, storage and disposal
hazardous waste facilities nationwide that potentially will need cleanup. The
Agency performs corrective action work consistent with the type and severity of
the contamination. Resources will continue to be focused on high priority
facilities. Priorities may be elevated in high-risk geographic areas of long
standing Agency concern. These areas include the Gulf of Mexico, the Chesapeake
Bay, Puget Sound, the Caribbean, and the Great Lakes Basin.
The Agency will focus on stabilization actions rather than long term
remediations to leverage corrective action resources. Stabilization has proven
effective at reducing the spread and the threat of contamination at corrective
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action sites. Stabilization actions will continue in order to ensure maximum
protection of human health and the environment.
Permitting activities will continue to focus on high risk facilities as the
most effective means to protect human health and the environment. Issuing or
revising permits for combustion facilities is the program's highest priority.
The implementation of the Hazardous Waste Minimization and Combustion Strategy
will continue to be a focus of the program, with an emphasis on enhanced risk
assessment and permitting of boilers and industrial furnaces and hazardous waste
incinerators. Regions will place increased attention on early and significant
public involvement in permits, especially in the combustion area.
Resources are provided for the Regions to work with states to ensure
adequate hazardous waste treatment and disposal capacity. The Regions will
coordinate closely with, authorized states in permitting priority storage and
treatment facilities as well as any new land disposal facilities needing
operating permits. The Regions will continue reviewing and approving closure
plans for hazardous waste facilities. The Agency will process appeals to permit
decisions and will coordinate closely with the states on complex cases and new'
regulatory provisions. In addition, the Regions will work closely with the states
to implement pollution prevention as part of the RCRA program, particularly
through permit provisions. Efforts to streamline the permitting process and
promote the use of innovative technologies will continue.
In the municipal solid waste (Subtitle D) program, the emphasis will remain
on effective source reduction and issues of increasing national concern such as
the proper management of municipal waste combustion ash. The Regions will
continue to function as the co-lead with Headquarters on the "Recycling Means
Business" program. Under this effort, special attention will be given to
developing recycling market infrastructure in tandem with local communities and
sharing source reduction strategies that result in real cost savings to
businesses. Resources will be provided to support existing recycling and source
reduction programs through targeted technical assistance, the development of
viable recycling market models, and enhancements to the Federal sector recycling
and source reduction programs.
Program activities will continue to address the need for environmentally
protective production of energy and minerals by assisting in state/tribal efforts
to develop environmental guidelines (including groundwater protection measures)
for oil and gas and mining production. State/tribal capabilities will be
developed through training programs, and Regions will continue outreach and
technology transfer projects in the areas of waste minimization and management.
Certain regionally focused initiatives will continue. Efforts will proceed
to implement our responsibilities with respect to the Waste Isolation Pilot
Project (WIPP). Resources in 1996 will focus primarily on ensuring 'compliance
with all applicable environmental laws at the WIPP facility. The Regions will
continue to support expanded permitting efforts and corrective action activities
in an effort to reduce environmental risk in the Gulf of Mexico and along the
Mexican border. Groundwater contamination and the movement of waste along-the
Mexican border are areas of particular concern.
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Explanation of Change +142.8 FTE +$17,976.7K (AC&C)
Transfer of the Regional corrective action program from the enforcement
account to this program element has resulted in a net increase of 138.3 FTE and
$15,493,000 (AC&C). The Agency is requesting increased resources of 5 FTE and
$476,400 to support the Environmental Justice initiative and provide increased
public participation in permitting. 2 FTE and $400,000 are requested for permit
streamlining tasks. 2.5 FTE and $46,500 are requested to help conduct waste
minimization outreach campaigns. An additional 1.5 FTE are requested for the
Common Sense initiative, supporting OSWER's co-lead for the Petroleum Sector task
as well as participation in other sectors. Other resource changes reflect added
emphasis in the areas of combustion permits, and the comprehensive review of data
needs with state stakeholders.
The Agency has various decreases for FY 1996, as a result of changing
programmatic priorities. Resources of 10.6 FTE and $400,000 are reduced from
permitting due to the completion of the post-closure rule which provides more
flexibility in permit determinations. Resources of $150,000 are reduced from
Subtitle D in the municipal solid waste landfill program where most states have
approved programs implementing the Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Criteria.
There is a reduction in resources of $100,000 from large volume waste work as
part of our de-emphasis of non-court-ordered-activities. 5.5 FTE are eliminated
for oversight and coordination of the states' development and maintenance of
Capacity Assurance Plans. Resource reductions of 7.3 FTE and $380,000 reflect
the completion of all RCRA corrective action facilities assessments in 1995 and
a redirection to short-term stabilization measures.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $35,824,100 and 434.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $25,314,900 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $10,509,200 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The RCRA permitting program continues to emphasize rigorous permitting and
risk assessment at incinerators, and to call in permit applications from interim
status boiler and industrial furnace facilities in support of the Agency's
Hazardous Waste Minimization and Combustion Strategy. The Regions are processing
those portions of permits for which states are not yet authorized, and providing
technical assistance as requested for state work. The Regions are supporting the
enhancement of state/tribal capability by providing assistance with state/tribal
regulatory and legislative development. The Regions are also participating in
workgroups established to review the program's operating guidance. Efforts to
promote waste minimization in the hazardous waste program continue.
The solid waste program is supporting several projects in 1995, including
providing technical assistance to states on the recent Supreme Court
determination regarding municipal waste combustion ash. The Agency is also
encouraging industries to reduce, reuse and recycle both consumer and industrial
materials, and is supporting development of markets for recycled solid waste
materials. The Regions are also providing technical and financial support to
states/tribes and other eligible organizations, such as municipalities and
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universities, that are interested in pursuing unique projects that will support
recycling and source reduction goals. These projects include the "Recycling
Means Business" and "Jobs Through Recycling" programs which support local and
regional Recycling/Reuse Business Assistance Centers and Recycling Economic
Development Advocates.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $39,832,800 supported by 389.9
total workyears for this program, of which $23,657,000 was from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $16,175,800 was from the Abatement Control
and Compliance appropriation.
Permitting efforts focused on ensuring adequate post-closure care of land
disposal facilities, as well as processing environmentally significant storage
and treatment facility permits. The Regions processed those portions of permits
for which states were not yet authorized, and provided technical assistance as
requested for state work. The Regions bolstered state/tribal capability by
providing assistance with state/tribal regulatory and legislative development.
This provided a framework for ensuring national program consistency and will
ultimately allow states to run the hazardous waste program independently.
The Regions and states emphasized permitting at combustion facilities, such
as incinerators and boilers and industrial furnaces (BIFs), calling in permit
applications at most of the commercial BIFs that were operating under interim
status. In addition, 10 risk assessments were reviewed and about 30 were begun
at individual combustion facilities.
The Regions worked with states, tribes, local governments and other
organizations, through technical and financial assistance, to implement the
recommendations of the Agency's solid waste Agenda for Action, which calls for-
a national program to minimize the generation of solid waste and promote
recycling where economically feasible. In addition, the Regions approved 40
state/tribal municipal solid waste landfill programs and participated in the
development and implementation of the "Recycling Means Business" program.
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PROGRAM
Emergency Planning
Community Right-to-know
- Title III
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Program & Research
operation - Flood
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$3,833.7 $3,898.0 $4,155.5 $4,155.1 $5,076.4 $921.3
$6,267.4 $6,212.9 $5,208.9 $5,115.6 $8,016.6 $2,901.0
$22.6
$1,178.4
$1,803.7
TOTAL $10,123.7 $10,110.9 $9,364.4 $9,270.7 $13,093.0 $3,822.3 $2,982.1
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Program & Research
operation - Flood
$3,833.7 $3,898.0 $4,155.5 $4,155.1 $5,076.4 $921.3 $1,178.4
$6,267.4 $6,212.9 $5,208.9 $5,115.6 $8,016.6 $2,901.0 $1,803.7
$22.6
Emergency Planning/ TOTAL $10,123.7 $10,110.9 $9,364.4 $9,270.7 $13,093.0 $3,822.3 $2,982.1
Community Right-to-
know - Title III
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Emergency Planning
Community Right-to-know
- Title III
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
52.6 59.3 59.3 58.8 70.4
52.6 59.3 59.3 58.8 70.4
11.6
11.1
11.6 11.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Emergency Planning
Community Right-to-know
- Title III
TOTAL WORKYEARS
55.3 59.3 59.3 58.8 70.4
55.3 59.3 59.3 58.8 70.4
11.6 11.1
11.6 11.1
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT
AND CLEAN AIR ACT (CAA) -- ACCIDENTAL RELEASE PROVISIONS
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,093,000 and 70.4 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $3,822,300 and 11.6 workyears from 1995. Of the request,
$5,076,400 will be for the Program and Research Operations appropriation, and
$8,016,600 will be for the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $921,300 in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and a $2,901,000 increase in the Abatement Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1996, the program will emphasize activities to support state and local
chemical emergency preparedness efforts based on recommendations from the Local
Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) effectiveness study to be completed in 1995.
The study, which was initiated in 1994, will assess problems that a large number
of.the 3,500 LEPCs are having in implementing the Title III program. Most of the
problems involve infrastructure issues such as a lack of funding for the program,
a need for better methods to understand and use chemical hazard information, and
availability of training resources and opportunities for LEPC members. To
address these and other needs, EPA will concentrate program tools e.g,; guidance,
technical assistance, training, and enforcement to target specific problem areas.
For example to help remedy funding problems, EPA wi,ll develop guidance for LEPCs
on available resource options. In addition, the Agency will organize workshops
through an LEPC peer exchange program to facilitate the exchange of information
on potential sources of funding. To help LEPCs better use chemical information,
the program will develop new information databases or improve existing systems
that will enable LEPCs to incorporate information into their community response
plans. Once the systems work is completed, both Headquarters and Regions will
provide technical assistance and training for State Emergency Response Commission
(SERC) and LEPC staffs.
LEPC study recommendations will also be incorporated into the criteria for
awarding Title III State program grants. The grant program, which will be
implemented on a smaller scale in 1996, will continue to concentrate on
populations at greatest risk for a chemical accident. Areas along the U.S./
Mexico border will again be a priority for receiving grant assistance.
EPA will continue to implement Executive Order 12856, which requires all
U.S. Federal facilities to comply with Title Ill's Right-to-Know provisions. In
1996, EPA will develop and publish Federal facility guidance and will conduct
training workshops to assist Federal facilities in understanding and meeting
program requirements.
Enforcement activities will focus on integrating program-specific
inspection procedures into multi-media inspection and enforcement initiatives.
The Regions will assist state and local agencies in developing compliance
initiatives to identify facilities that should be reporting under the Emergency
Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA).
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In an effort to improve our understanding of the environment and help
identify high-risk areas, EPA will develop and enhance LandView, a software
system that displays demographic, economic and environmental information on maps.
Access to this information will also assist EPA in identifying potential
environmental equity issues. In 1996, EPA will enhance the system's capability
to better address these issues.
Regions will continue to target planning and response efforts to the 14
sister cities along the Mexican border. Technical assistance will be provided
to assist these areas in conducting hazards analysis, developing and testing
their emergency plans, and using hazardous chemical information. Assistance will
also be provided to develop projects under the Title III grant program to
strengthen their contingency planning and prevention programs.
EPA will also continue contingency planning and emergency response efforts
in the U.S./Mexico and U.S/Canada border areas; and will provide technical
assistance to Eastern European countries and the newly Independent States. In
addition, EPA will provide expertise and assistance to OECD and UNEP to develop
chemical accident prevention, preparedness and response programs. Internally,
EPA will continue to enhance its capacity to provide assistance when
international emergencies occur.
In 1996 under the CAA accidental release provisions, EPA will emphasize
program implementation at the state and local levels. Under the risk management
plan rule, facilities will register with EPA and begin preparing and submitting
their risk management plans. To prepare for this, the program will increase
efforts to help states implement the accidental release program. The Agency's
key priority in 1996 is to ensure states get the support they need to build their
accident program infrastructure. Regions will provide technical assistance and
training to assist state efforts to develop legislative programs, establish
funding mechanisms, develop accident prevention techniques, and register and
review facility management plans.
EPA will also work with states that have previously submitted applications
under the CAA Title V permit program. These states, which cover approximately
one-third of the regulated universe, will have to revise their programs to
incorporate the new requirements. In addition, EPA will work with industry to
assist them in understanding their responsibilities. The program will develop
and present workshops to assist small business, industry, and professional groups
in complying with the new regulations.
The recent report to Congress on hydrofluoric (HF) acid will require
continuing follow-up actions. The program will continue to monitor actions and
support research on HF accidents, scenario modeling, and prevention. The program
will also continue to work with the National Response Team agencies to address
the recommendations of the Presidential Review of Federal Hazardous Materials
Authorities to streamline the accidental release response system, while
preserving safety.
In conjunction with the Occupation Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ,
EPA will assume the responsibilities of the Chemical Safety and Hazard
Investigation Board as detailed in Section 112 of the Clean Air Act (CAA)
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Amendments of 1990. EPA activities will include developing new and refining
existing criteria with OSHA for selection of accidents for joint investigation
or independent investigation by the lead Agencies, enhancing investigation
techniques of significant chemical accidents, and improving training to EPA, OSHA
and other parties on accident investigations techniques. To assist these
operations, EPA and OSHA will establish an advisory panel of experts (including
external parties), to review accident investigation reports and make
recommendations for further prevention and safety.
Explanation of Change +11.6 FTE +$2,901.OK (AC&C)
Changes from 1995 include an increase of 10 FTE and $2,150,000 (AC&C) to
assume the responsibilities of the Chemical Safety and Hazardous Investigation
Board as created by Section 112 of the CAA. An increase of 2.5 FTE supports the
enhancement of state efforts to implement the Clean Air Act chemical accident
prevention program. An additional .4 FTE for the LandView software system will
support state and local access to better environmental data and information. A
reduction of 1.3 FTE is proposed in the base Title III emergency preparedness
program. The increase in AC&C funds restores base Title III program activities'
reduced in 1995 to support the Clean Air Act program.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $9,270,700 supported by 58.8 total
workyears for 1995. Of the request, $4,155,100 is for the Program Research and
Operations appropriation and $5,115,600 is for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1995, the program is focusing on beginning implementation of the
recommendations from the LEPC effectiveness initiative. EPA will develop methods
and strategies to improve the SERC/LEPC infrastructure which may require:
developing outreach and communication initiatives to improve the link between
SERCs and LEPCs; incorporating initiative recommendations into the Title III
grant program criteria; and developing guidance for LEPCs on CAA accidental
release information and the design of prevention programs at the state and local
level.
EPA also continues to implement the Title III grant program to assist
states in meeting their emergency planning and prevention objectives. Efforts
are concentrating on assisting areas of the country that are most vulnerable to
chemical accidents. Special attention is being directed to urban centers along
the Mexican border which include the 14 U.S. sister cities that implement the
U.S./Mexico Environmental Border Plan. These states and local governments are
being provided assistance in developing projects consistent with NAFTA
environmental agreements to reinforce contingency planning activities with their
Mexican counterparts.
Title III enforcement activities seek to ensure consistent application of
statutory and penalty policy provisions in Regional enforcement actions. The
Agency is working to develop EPCRA-specific facility inspection capabilities, and
is integrating these procedures into Agency multi-media inspection and
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enforcement initiatives. In addition, EPA continues to develop innovative
settlement tools to support SERC/LEPC operations.
EPA is implementing the Rio declaration through work with international
organizations to assist the international community in preventing and preparing
for environmental emergencies. Work is focusing on integrating community
right-to-know principles into chemical management programs with Mexico and
Canada, Eastern Europe and developing countries.
Under the CAA, states are required to submit their programs for review and
approval by EPA. In 1995, EPA is increasing efforts to approve the section
112(r) accident prevention program for states. The Agency is assisting states
in drafting legislation, developing regulations, and building the state program
infrastructure. In 1995, EPA regional offices are beginning to develop the
infrastructure to implement 112(r) in: 1) States that elect not to implement the
accidental release prevention program; or 2) States that only implement a partial
program.
In addition, the Agency is beginning to incorporate the recommendations of
the Reports to Congress on hydrofluoric acid and hydrogen sulfide, as well as
continuing to support research and data gathering in relation to chemical
accident prevention. EPA is developing integrated information management systems
for the accidental release prevention program and other preparedness and
prevention programs.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated $10,123,700 supported by 55.3 workyears, of
which $3,856,300 was from the Program Research and Operations appropriation and
$6,267,400 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1994, EPA provided funding to states and Indian tribes to enhance their
efforts to implement emergency planning and community right-to-know and accident
prevention programs. A total of 24 grants were awarded to carry out projects in
areas considered vulnerable to chemical, accidents. In addition to providing
funding to states, EPA initiated a study to examine the effectiveness of the
SERC/LEPC infrastructure. In response to information from states and Regions
indicating many of the 3,500 LEPCs are struggling to implement the Title III
program, EPA and other organizations combined efforts to learn more about the
status of LEPC activities. Upon completion of the study, EPA will assist states
in assessing their implementation problems and begin developing methods to
improve their effectiveness.
The Agency continued enhancements to the Computer-Aided Management of
Emergency Operations (CAMEO) system. CAMEO is used by state and local emergency
planners and responders to better prepare for and respond to chemical accidents,
as well as integrate the information they obtain from Title III reporting
facilities. The Agency also completed a prototype system to manage multi-event
disasters. This provided the basis for additional enhancements to CAMEO. In
addition, EPA completed the LandView II system. LandView is an electronic (CD)
repository of information compiled from a variety of databases at EPA, Department
of Commerce, Bureau of Census and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
9-53
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Administration. LandView II can assist states and local communities in carrying
out their work in implementing community right-to-know, environmental justice,
emergency planning, emergency response, and chemical accident prevention
activities.
In 1994, the Agency significantly increased its enforcement activity under
EPCRA/CERCLA section 103. EPA filed 127 administrative cases with proposed
penalties in excess of $9.7 million. 119 were successfully completed with final
penalties resulting in more than $2.9 million.
Under the CAA accident release provisions, EPA finalized a regulation to
establish a list of regulated substances that could cause death, injury or other
serious adverse effects to human health or environment. EPA also proposed a
regulation under Section 112(r) of the CAA for preventing chemical accidents
which included hazard assessment, risk management, and emergency response
provisions.
In the international area, the first expanded U.S./Mexico Joint Response
Team meeting was held. This meeting brought together, for the first time, all
appropriate U.S. and Mexican Federal agencies responsible for chemical accident
contingency planning and response to discuss emergency preparedness and
prevention issues along the border. In addition, the Minister of the Department
of the Environment for Canada and the Administrator of the EPA signed the
U.S./Canada Joint Inland Pollution Contingency Plan. The signing was the
culmination of several years of work and coordination between the Federal and
state agencies in the U.S. and Canada.
9-54
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PROGRAM
Working Capital Fund -
Hazardous Waste
Abatement Control and
Compliance
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Working Capital Fund - Hazardous Waste
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$2,120.4 $2,120.4 $2,120.4
TOTAL
$2,120.4 $2,120.4 $2,120.4
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$2,120.4 $2,120.4 $2,120.4
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Working Capital Fund -
Hazardous Waste
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Working Capital Fund
Hazardous Waste
TOTAL WORKYEARS
9-55
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
WORKING CAPITAL FUND
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,120,400 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. All requested
funds are for the Regions. No resources were requested under this account in
1995.
This request provides for postage and data processing services previously
funded under an Agency-wide support account. Postage dollars will fund program
postage costs that provide all routine, day-to-day postal services and include
regular U.S. Mail First, Third, and Fourth Class mail, Post Office Express Mail,
two-day priority mail, registered and certified mail and pouch mail; Federal
Express overnight mail and United Parcel Service shipments. The request will
provide for annualization of the February, 1995 postal rate increase of 10.3%.
The request also provides for on-going data processing and telecommunication
services for this Program. These services are classified into five cost centers;
Enterprise Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical
Consulting Services, and Scientific Computing Services. Resources will provide
the Program's share of depreciation of capital assets, increased service costs,
additional mainframe capacity, investments in network services, and investments
in technical consulting services.
Explanation of Change +$2,120.4 K (AC&C)
No funds were requested in this account for 1995. Funds for these Regional
costs were previously provided through a centralized, Agency-wide support
account.
1995 Program
No resources are provided under this account in 1995.
1994 Accomplishments
No resources were provided under this account in 1994.
9-56
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PROGRAM
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Program & Research
operation - Flood
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Enforcement
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Program & Research
operation - Flood
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
$31,401.1
$21,950.7
$124.5
$53,476.3
$31,401.1
$21,950.7
$124.5
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$22,185.7 $31,099.2 $30,852.7 $25,067.8 -$5,784.9
$11,443.4 $22,134.9 $21,764.0 $9,574.4 -$12,189.6
$2,882.1
-$1,869.0
$33,629.1 $53,234.1 $52,616.7 $34,642.2 -$17,974.5 $1,013.1
$22,185.7 $31,099.2 $30,852.7 $25,067.8 -$5,784.9 $2,882.1
$11,443.4 $22,134.9 $21,764.0 $9,574.4 -$12,189.6 -$1,869.0
TOTAL $53,476.3 $33,629.1 $53,234.1 $52,616.7 $34,642.2 -$17,974.5 $1,013.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
499.3 362.4 532.9 524.8 361.7 -163.1
499.3 362.4 532.9 524.8 361.7 -163.1
-7
-7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
518.8 362.4 544.6 536.0 372.7 -163.3 10.3
518.8 362.4 544.6 536.0 372.7 -163.3 10.3
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests resources totaling $34,642,200 supported by 372.7
total workyears of which $25,067,800 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $9,574,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents a reduction of $5,784,900 for the
Program and Research Operations appropriation and a reduction of $12,189,600 for
Abatement, Control, and Compliance, and a reduction of 163.3 workyears. All of
the resources are for the Regions.
Due to the Agency's enforcement reorganization in late 1994, the
Headquarters component of the Hazardous Waste Enforcement program was moved into
the Regulatory Enforcement program and the Hazardous Waste Site Remediation
Enforcement program located in the Multimedia media portion of the budget.
Hazardous Waste Enforcement
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests resources totaling $34,642,200 supported by 372.7
total workyears of which $25,067,800 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $ 9,574,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents a reduction of $5,784,900 for the
Program and Research Operations appropriation, a reduction of $12,189,600 for
Abatement, Control, and Compliance, and a reduction of 163.3 workyears. Major
changes include the following: the transfer of 142.9 workyears to the Hazardous
Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation program as part of the
continuing resolution of the enforcement reorganization; the disinvestment of
20.7 workyears from single-media compliance and enforcement activities to allow
for investments in multi-media strategies, a redirection of 2.0 workyears for the
Agency's Mexican Border program, and a minor reduction to the nonceiling
workyears. All resources are for the Regions.
The Hazardous Waste Enforcement program will support the Agency's goal to
Prevent Waste and Harmful Chemical Releases that is reflected in the 1996 budget
request. The program will emphasize compliance monitoring and enforcement
actions against those handlers and non-notifiers presenting the greatest threat
to human health and the environment. Handlers in significant rion-compliance will
be addressed by administrative or judicial enforcement actions. Federal, State,
and local facilities that store, treat, and/or dispose of hazardous waste will
continue to be inspected either by authorized States or the Agency as required
by Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) and the Federal Facilities
Compliance Act (FFCA). Inspections of affected commercial land disposal and
treatment facilities will continue to be conducted twice per year to ensure
compliance with the Superfund Off-Site Rule. In unauthorized States the Agency
will bring enforcement actions for violations of HWSA provisions.
9-58
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In support of the Agency's waste combustion strategy, attention will
continue to be focused on the compliance status of combustion facilities, fuel
burners and generators who are candidates for waste minimization. In conjunction
with the States, the Agency will continue inspection and enforcement activities
at hazardous waste incinerators and boilers and industrial furnaces burning
hazardous wastes.
Federal compliance monitoring and enforcement will be used to enhance and
complement State efforts as the States continue to assume the responsibility for
the bulk of the mandated inspection and enforcement work. Oversight inspections
will be conducted as appropriate and technical assistance and training will be
given to improve State program capability. Monitoring of state progress will
continue through program evaluation.
The program will assist Tribes in building their own capability to monitor
Subtitle D facilities on Indian Lands. The Agency will use its imminent
hazardous authority to address serious solid waste problems on Indian lands.
The HSWA of 1984 mandate that EPA monitor the activities of
importers/exporters of hazardous waste. The level of activity will continue to
grow as the number of export and import notifications increase. Also, new
international agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) ,
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and Basel
agreements will continue to increase EPA's export/import responsibilities.
Compliance activities will be further reinforced through training efforts with
U.S. and Mexican Customs, US Coast Guard, Department of Transportation and EPA
Regional Offices. In implementing the NAFTA agreement, resources will continue
to be directed towards transfer of technology and information in cooperation with
the Mexican government.
As part of the Agency's efforts to improve contracts management, the
specially designed training program will continue to be provided for Regional
managers. Contracts management support will continue to ensure strict compliance
with contracting regulations.
Explanation of Change -163.3 FTE -$5,784.9K (PRO) -$12,189.6K (AC&C)
A reduction of 163.3 workyears and $5,784,900 in the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and a reduction of $12,189,600 in the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation reflect the following policy changes: the
corrective action program which includes 142.9 workyears, associated PRO dollars
for salaries and travel, and $11,443,600 in AC&C will transfer to the Hazardous
Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation program, as part of the
continuing resolution of the enforcement reorganization; the disinvestment of
20.7 workyears from compliance monitoring and enforcement activities, a
redirection of 2.0 for the Agency's Mexican Border pilot program, and a minor
reduction to the nonceiling workyears.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $52,616,700 supported by 536.0 total
workyears of which $30,852,700 is for the Program and Research Operations
9-59
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appropriation and $21,764,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1995 the program converted contract resources totaling $1,252,000 in
AC&C resources to 22.0 Regional workyears. PRO resources accompanying these
workyears totalled $1,069,600. These workyears are being used to bring in house
RCRA inspections conducted in the Regions.
In 1995, the program is continuing its emphasis on conducting compliance
monitoring and taking enforcement actions in high-risk geographic areas of long
standing Agency concern. These areas include the Gulf of Mexico, the Chesapeake
Bay, Puget Sound, and the Caribbean, and the Great Lakes Basin.
The Agency is increasing its assistance to Tribes in building their own
capability to enforce Subtitle D regulations on Indian Lands and EPA will use its
imminent hazard authority at Tribal solid waste facilities if needed.
The program is continuing to leverage its' resources by targeting its
compliance monitoring and enforcement activities. In 1995, the program is
focusing on identifying and taking enforcement actions against facilities in non-
compliance with corrective action orders, permit conditions or closure
requirements. Within these categories the Agency is focusing on identifying and
taking enforcement action against those facilities with the greatest potential
for pollution prevention conditions in their settlement agreements and against
those with the greatest multi-media impact.
Another high priority area for 1995 is enhanced inspection and enforcement
at hazardous waste incinerators and boilers and industrial furnaces burning
hazardous wastes. Federal, State, and local facilities that store, treat, and/or
dispose of hazardous waste are continuing to be inspected either by authorized
States or the Agency as required by HSWA and the Federal Facilities Compliance•
Act. In unauthorized States the Agency is bringing enforcement actions for
violations of HSWA provisions.
In 1995, the Hazardous Waste Enforcement program is working to develop
corrective action alternatives that are protective of human health and the
environment while minimizing the financial responsibility of the Federal
government for remediation. The program is emphasizing community relations
activities to ensure sufficient public awareness and involvement in corrective
action decision making process. Corrective action work continues in high-risk
geographic areas including the Gulf of Mexico, the Chesapeake bay, Puget Sound,
the Caribbean, and the Great Lakes Basin. The Agency is completing all remaining
facility assessments and is continuing to concentrate resources on facilities
that are in non-compliance with corrective action orders and permit conditions.
The Agency is focusing on stabilization actions rather than long term
remediations to leverage its resources.
In 1995 the program is delivering a specially designed training program for
Regional managers designed to ensure strict compliance with contracting
regulations.
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1994 Accomplishments
The Agency allocated a total of $53,476,300 supported by 518.8 total
workyears of which $31,525,600 is for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $21,950,700 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1994, the program increased emphasis on the following functions:
compliance monitoring by conducting 15,500 inspections; enforcement actions by
issuing 1,684 administrative orders and 174 civil judicial referrals to the
Department of Justice (DOJ), and 173 criminal referrals to DOJ.
Assessment and prioritization of facilities not characterized for
corrective action continued in 1994. The Agency continued to emphasize site
stabilization activities and final remedy selections and implementation. In
keeping with Agency policy, corrective action resources were focused on
addressing first those facilities that are most environmentally significant. The
Agency monitored 881 facilities and conducted an additional 208 assessments on
new facilities.
In 1994, the Agency, in coordination with Mexican officials, finalized and
implemented the Integrated Border Plan as well as increased levels of training
for United States and Mexican Customs officials. The development of an
import/export database for tracking waste movement across the border continued.
In addition, the program planned for the implementation of OECD and Basel waste
export agreements.
The Agency continued its basic and advanced training program for inspectors
and enforcement officials, emphasizing Boilers and Industrial Furnaces (BIFs),
groundwater monitoring and the civil penalty policy.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MULTIMEDIA 10-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Multimedia Research 10-9
Headquarters Expenses 10-40
Lab & Field Expenses 10-42
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Environmental Review and Coordination 10-45
Environmental Education Program ... 10-47
Environmental Review and Coordination 10-48
Regional Multimedia Programs 10-52
American Indian Environmental Office 10-54
Border Environmental Activities 10-56
Academic Training Grants 10-58
Academic Training 10-59
Cooperative Environmental Management 10-60
Cooperative Environmental Management 10-61
Analytical Environmental Services 10-64
Analytical Environmental Services ... 10-65
Pollution Prevention Activities ..... 10-67
Pollution Prevention 10-68
Pollution Prevention State Grants 10-70
Office of Pollution Prevention 10-71
Pollution Prevention Projects 10-72
Working Capital Fund - Enforcement 10-74
Working Capital Fund - Enforcement 10-75
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support 10-77
Enforcement Policy and Operations 10-81
Criminal Enforcement 10-84
Technical Support 10-88
Federal Facilities Enforcement 10-90
Sector and Multimedia Compliance 10-94
Regulatory Enforcement 10-99
Enforcement Capacity and Outreach . . 10-102
Hazardous Waste Site Remediation Enforcement 10-105
Pesticides Enforcement Grants 10-106
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants 10-108
-------
MULTIMEDIA
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Program & Research
operation - Flood
Reimbursements
TOTAL, Multimedia
$91,812.6 $112,023.6 $112,483.6 $114,271.5 $144,706.2 $30,434.7 $32,682.6
$66,487.2 $109,938.7 $95,002.5 $101,961.3 $134,488.5 $32,527.2 $24,549.8
$186,913.7 $236,766.9 $225,320.5 $226,674.7 $310,915.4 $84,240.7 $74,148.5
$2.2
$345,215.7 $458,729.2 $432,806.6 $442,907.5 $590,110.1 $147,202.6 $131,380.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
1,239.6
1,288.6
1,518.8
1,518.8
1,615.4
1,646.5
1,617.2
1,649.9
1,803.8
1,834.3
186.6
184.4
285.0
315.5
$228,092.0 $437,278.5 $430,541.4 $437,658.8 $543,953.1 $106,294.3 $106,674.6
All authorization except for Research and Development is by virtue of the Appropriation
Act. The Environmental Research, Development and Demonstration Act expired September 30,
1981. Reauthorization is pending.
10-1
-------
MULTIMEDIA
DIFFERENCE
PRES.
BUDGET ENACTED
1995 1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
ENACTED VS
PRES. BUD
EST. VS
PRES. BUD
EST. VS
ENACTED
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compli ance
Research & Development
Program & Research
operation - Flood
Reimbursements
TOTAL, Multimedia
$112,033.6 $112,483.6 $114,271.5 $460.0 $2,247.9 $1,787.9
$109,938.7 $95,002.5 $101,961.3 -$14,936.2 -$7,977.4 $6,958.8
$236,766.9 $225,320.5 $226,674.7 -$11,446.4 -$10,092.2 $1,354.2
$458,729.2 $432,806.6 $442,907.5 -$25,922.6 -$15,821.7 $10,100.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS 1,518.8 1,615.4 1,617.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS 1,518.8 1,646.5 1,649.9
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
96.6
127.7
98.4
131.1
1.8
3.4
PROGRAM AND RESOURCE OPERATIONS
o Congressionally directed reductions in the Program and Research Operations (PRO) account.
o Increase to the PRO account as part of the Agency's contractor reform initiative.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
o Congressionally directed earmarks for Academic Training, the Center for Excellence in Polymer Research,
the Environmental Education Research and Demonstration Center, the Experimental Program to Stimulate
Competitive Research (EPSCoR), Air Toxic Metals, Oil Spill Remediation, the Oregon Institute of Marine
Biology, Sacramento River Toxic Pollutants, the Small Business Pollution Prevention Center,
Toxicological Research, the Urban Waste Management Research Center, and the Urban Environmental Research
and Education Center.
o Redirection of resources from other media for the Fellowships program.
o Congressionally directed reduction to the Environmental Technology Initiative.
o General reductions to Integrated Ecosystems Protection and Restoration, the National Human Exposure and
Assessment Survey, Pollution Prevention, Advanced Manufacturing, and High Performance Computing and
Communications.
o Decreases to the Integrated Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Risk Assessment, and Technology
Transfer programs, as part of the Agency's contract reform initiative.
ABATEMENT, CONTROL & COMPLIANCE
o Congressionally directed earmark for the Center For Analysis of Environmental Change
10-2
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MULTIMEDIA
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Multimedia Program promotes
an integrated approach to environmental problems and provide cross-media support
to Agency programs. The Multimedia Program covers three Agency functional areas:
Research and Development, Abatement and Control, and Enforcement. The Multimedia
program narrative reflects the 1994 strategic enforcement reorganization at
Headquarters and in the Regions.
Environmental Goals and Objectives/Performance Measures
The Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (GPRA) requires
government agencies to develop long-range strategic plans, to set performance
goals for their programs and to measure and report on achievement of those goals.
GPRA also requires agencies' budgets to be linked to and support programmatic
goals.
EPA reorganized and consolidated its enforcement functions in 1994 into the
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (OECA). This major reorganization
brought together enforcement and compliance functions previously spread across
the Agency, and it has positioned EPA to undertake the long-range planning, goal
setting and performance measurement for the enforcement and compliance program
envisioned by GPRA. Environmental Accountability is a guiding principle in EPA's
five-year strategic plan (July 1994) for achieving the Agency goals.
In 1995, EPA issued the first consolidated guidance to the Regions and
states for enforcement and compliance, laying out key activities to accomplish
the program's vision and linking resources to activities. For 1996, this
guidance will be expanded to more closely align with program goals.
Research and Development
Research and Development Program
The Multimedia Research Program consists of activities that cross program
and media research boundaries. These activities include: (1) the Ecosystems
Protection program, designed to take an integrated ecological approach, focusing
on ecosystems, rather than single species, single stressor, ecological research;
(2) the development of methods for measuring human exposure to environmental
pollutants, studies that measure actual human exposures, and models that predict
human exposure; (3) the development of methods for improved health risk
assessments; (4) the development of methods and tools designed to prevent the
generation of pollution, including resources for the Agency's Common Sense
Initiative; (5) programs designed to stimulate and facilitate the
commercialization of innovative and cost-effective environmental protection and
restoration technologies, including the President's Environmental Technology
Initiative (ETI); (6) programs to provide applied research and learning
opportunities and the transfer of environmental technologies to regions, states,
and local governments; (7) research and assessment activities on lead and other
heavy metals; (8) grants and centers that provide fundamental research upon which
10-3
-------
applied environmental research is built; (9) activities that provide a
consolidated framework of support to other research issues, i.e. integrated
analytical methods, quality assurance, and High Performance Computing and
Communications (HPCC).
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Prevention. Pesticides, and Toxic Substances Program
The Agency transferred responsibility for coordinating the Pollution
Prevention program to the Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances
(OPPTS) in 1992. Today, the Pollution Prevention program's mission includes the
development of multimedia pollution prevention strategies as the Agency's
preferred choice for ensuring environmental protection under the Pollution
Prevention Act of 1990. This program provides pollution prevention grants to
states and Regional resources for pollution prevention outreach and technical
support; it manages the Pollution Prevention Information Clearinghouse (PPIC);
and, it stimulates source reduction through regulatory activities.
International Activities Program
In 1996, this program will serve as the focal point for implementation of
several of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) environmental side
agreements. Resources will focus on the coordination of this trilateral cross-
media effort with emphasis on the creation of the North American Commission on
Environmental Cooperation (NACEC), as well as contributing to the Border
Environmental Cooperation Commission (BECC). Activities will include capacity
building, assistance to implement environmental assessment procedures, pollution
prevention and control programs, as well as support for expanded scientific and
technical collaboration.
Environmental Review and Coordination Program
This program supports three major activities: 1) the review of the
environmental impact of proposed Federal projects, as required by both the
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act;
2) the review of EPA programs and activities for compliance with environmental
laws and regulations, including NEPA, the Endangered Species Act (ESA), the
National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), and Executive Orders on environmental
justice and the protection of floodplains, wetlands and agricultural lands; and
3) international activities to promote environmental protection and fair
international trade under NAFTA and GATT, and technical assistance on
enforcement, compliance and environmental assessment to other countries.
American Indian Environmental Program
The American Indian Environmental Office (AIEO) in the Office of Water as
a focal point for multi-media environmental issues in Indian Country. The
National Indian Program Manager functions previously carried out by the
Enforcement and Compliance Assurance program were transferred to the new Office.
In addition, the Office will work to develop government-to-government relations
with tribes in fulfillment of Federal trust responsibilities and to improve
10-4
-------
environmental program delivery in Indian Country through agencywide and
interagency policy coordination. Besides managing the General Assistance Program
Grants for tribes, AIEO will develop a national tribal environmental strategy;
develop and operate a clearinghouse for tribal environmental information; and
support the Agency's Tribal Operations Committee.
ENFORCEMENT
The Multimedia program provides enforcement and compliance assurance for
all the environmental laws for which EPA is responsible. The program reflects
EPA's new enforcement organization. Headquarters and Regional enforcement
components have been organized under the Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Assurance (OECA) for fiscal years 1994 (partial year), 1995, and beyond.
However, the Regional enforcement components are still reflected under the
specific Media within the Congressional Budget Request.
The top priority of the enforcement program is the creation of the
strongest possible foundation for EPA's new strategic approach to identification
and resolution of environmental compliance problems. Thus, this program
reflects: continued development and use of integrated compliance information
systems to support targeting efforts; strategic planning which yields "place-
based" and sector-based targets for application of enforcement and compliance
tools; the use of all appropriate tools to respond to non-compliance; and,
creative leveraging of Federal, state and local line resources in achieving
statutory compliance by the regulated community. These approaches are expected
to yield improved compliance and measurable environmental results, particularly
in areas with high risk populations or ecosystems.
Regulatory Enforcement Program
This program is responsible for developing, managing and resolving civil,
judicial and administrative enforcement actions under the nation's environmental
laws. The Regulatory Enforcement program develops national enforcement policy
and participates in development of regulations to ensure enforceability of new
and existing rules. The program provides a prominent multimedia enforcement
capacity to ensure a whole facility, ecosystem, and population-based approach to
case initiation, support and resolution. In partnership with the Regions,
states, and other government agencies, the program ensures effective and
consistent enforcement nationwide.
Enforcement Policy and Operations Program
The Regional legal enforcement program implements national enforcement
priorities tailored to particular Regional characteristics and needs, and is
designed to maintain compliance in the most cost-effective manner. Regional
attorneys work closely with the Regional enforcement program to target their
enforcement actions against the most egregious violators in order to produce the
greatest environmental benefits. Regional attorneys also maintain a close
partnership with State and local environmental programs to ensure a strong
enforcement presence.
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Sector and Multimedia Compliance Program
In 1996, the top priority of this program is the new strategic approach to
identification and resolution of environmental compliance problems. In
particular, this program serves as a point of focus and coordination for all
aspects of compliance monitoring and compliance assurance, and for the broad
strategic planning, data management, and program accountability concerns of the
Agency's multimedia compliance effort. Strong emphasis is placed on compliance
assurance aimed at using innovative techniques to enhance compliance, maximize
deterrence and minimize non-compliance. The program's major functions include
policy and regulation development; program oversight; program analyses and
evaluations; developing Regional and State capabilities to ensure facility
compliance with mandated requirements; and maintaining the import/export waste
tracking system for hazardous waste.
Criminal Enforcement Program
The program provides for the investigation and prosecution of suspected
criminal violations of environmental statutes. The criminal program acts to
deter criminal violations of environmental laws by serving notice that willful
statutory violations will be met with harsh sanctions in terms of both fines and
jail terms. This program works in close partnership with Federal and State law
enforcement agencies to ensure compliance with environmental laws.
The criminal enforcement program has four distinct components: 1) criminal
investigators, who are stationed primarily in field offices; 2) Headquarters
support, which includes management oversight, investigatory assistance,
administrative and legal support; 3) Regional attorneys, who provide legal
support for investigations, development of referrals, and support for
prosecutions; and 4) Regional technical and National Enforcement Investigation
Center (NEIC) laboratory and technical support staff, who provide operational
field support, scientific expertise, evidence sampling, data targeting and
evidence audit support. In 1996, the requested increase for the criminal program
will allow EPA to reach the level of investigators mandated by the Pollution
Prosecution Act (PPA) of 1990.
Technical Support Program
Technical Support provided by NEIC in Denver consists of specialized field,
laboratory, and technical services for EPA's criminal and civil enforcement
program. The NEIC serves as a forensic laboratory, is a major source of multi-
media technical enforcement expertise in the agency, and provides the following
services to EPA headquarters, Regions, Department of Justice (DOJ), the Federal
Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and the states: information analysis and data
reviews; field investigations; civil investigations; financial investigation and
analysis; evidence audit support; enforcement investigations reports and
documents for case support; supplemental technical analyses including in-depth
facility inspections and pollution impact evaluations; fact arid expert technical
testimony; analyses on the enforceability of regulations; and, expertise in
negotiating the technical aspects of consent decrees.
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Federal Facilities Enforcement Program
This program provides guidance and assistance to Federal agencies with
pollution prevention and environmental compliance issues. The program also
enforces environmental laws against Federal agencies in cases of noncompliance.
The program's mission is to oversee the Federal government's compliance
with relevant statutes. It emphasizes traditional and innovative strategies for
preventing pollution, achieving and monitoring compliance, meeting environmental
justice requirements, promoting innovative technology and cleaning up Federal
hazardous and radioactive waste sites. The program operates under these major
environmental statutes: the Clean Air Act (CAA), Clean Water Act (CWA), Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA), Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Federal Facilities Compliance Act (FFCA)
and Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) . The program also
operates under numerous executive orders.
Enforcement Capacity and Outreach Program
The Enforcement Capacity and Outreach program promotes improvement in the
effectiveness and equitability of all enforcement and compliance efforts through
three principal means: 1) clearly communicating agency enforcement and
compliance expectations; 2) providing meaningful opportunities for non-federal
participation in federal program planning; and 3) offering technical assistance
and training. As the designated lead in environmental justice, the program works
to ensure that equity concerns are considered at all levels of enforcement and
compliance decision making.
Hazardous Waste Site Remediation Enforcement Program
The Hazardous Waste Site Remediation Enforcement program develops Resource
Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA) corrective action policies and guidelines and
performs program analyses and evaluations. The Agency provides enforcement
support to the Regions and states as they implement corrective action interim
measures to stabilize facilities and begin long term remedial activities.
The major objectives of the program are: 1) to respond to threats to human
health or the environment from releases of solid wastes, hazardous wastes, or
hazardous constituents; 2) to provide national program guidance to the Regions
and states; 3) to direct, oversee and evaluate program efforts; 4) to provide
implementation support to Regions and States for RCRA corrective actions; 5) and
to direct the Regions and support the states in expanding states' enforcement
capabilities and efforts.
Pesticides Enforcement Grant Program
The state grant program strives to protect public health, safety, and the
environment from risks caused by pesticides through the establishment of
cooperative enforcement agreements with states, territories, and Indian Nations
for compliance monitoring and enforcement of Section 23 (a) of the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and its regulations. The
objective is to provide adequate funding, through a formula-based distribution
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process, to assure support of comprehensive state compliance monitoring and
enforcement programs.
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grant Program
The state grant program strives to protect public health, safety, and the
environment from risks caused by toxic substances by establishing cooperative
agreements with states for compliance monitoring of the Toxic Substances Control
Act (TSCA). Major objectives include providing funds to states to undertake TSCA
compliance monitoring, and encouraging the states to adopt and administer their
own comprehensive toxic substances control legislation. In 1996, a portion of the
programs resources will support multimedia, sector-based compliance monitoring
grants under several statutes including TSCA. The grants will be used to conduct
cross-media enforcement compliance activities directed at specific industries
and/ or economic sectors.
Consulting Services
No consulting services activities are in this program.
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MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia Research
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Multimedia Research
Program & Research $29,710.8 $34,779.6 $33,589.6 $33,697.6 $46,317.1 $12,619.5 $11,537.5
Operations
Abatement Control and $3,997.4 $307.0 $307.0 -$307.0
Compliance
Research & Development $135,759.9 $181,882.9 $170,320.5 $171,674.7 $222,046.6 $50,371.9 $40,163.7
TOTAL $169,468.1 $216,662.5 $204,217.1 $205,679.3 $268,363.7 $62,684.4 $51,701.2
Headquarters Expenses
Research & Development $5,207.3 $5,384.1 $5,389.1 $5,389.1 $10,837.2 $5,448.1 $5,453.1
TOTAL $5,207.3 $5,384.1 $5,389.1 $5,389.1 $10,837.2 $5,448.1 $5,453.1
Lab and Field Expenses
Research & Development $45,946.5 $49,499.9 $49,610.9 $49,610.9 $78,031.6 $28,420.7 $28,531.7
TOTAL $45,946.5 $49,499.9 $49,610.9 $49,610.9 $78,031.6 $28,420.7 $28,531.7
TOTAL:
Program & Research $29,710.8 $34,779.6 $33,589.6 $33,697.6 $46,317.1 $12,619.5 $11,537.5
Operations
Abatement Control and $3,997.4 $307.0 $307.0 -$307.0
Compliance
Research & Development $186,913.7 $236,766.9 $225,320.5 $226,674.7 $310,915.4 $84,240.7 $74,148.5
Multimedia Research TOTAL $220,621.9 $271,546.5 $259,217.1 $260,679.3 $357,232.5 $96,553.2 $85,686.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Multimedia Research 393.7 457.2 512.0 506.7 591.5 84.8 134.3
Headquarters Expenses
Lab and Field Expenses
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 393.7 457.2 512.0 506.7 591.5 84.8 134.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Multimedia Research 404.1 457.2 512.0 506.7 591.5 84.8 134.3
Headquarters Expenses
Lab and Field Expenses
TOTAL WORKYEARS 404.1 457.2 512.0 506.7 591.5 84.8 134.3
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MULTIMEDIA
MULTIMEDIA RESEARCH
PRINCIPAL OUTPUTS
1996 o Completion of reports on the National Human Exposure Assessment
Survey (NHEXAS) pilot studies.
o Complete the initial development of a multi-pathway total human
exposure model which will enable scientists to make better estimates
of exposure with reduced uncertainty.
o Workshops on Using Pollution Prevention Tools for Industrial
Environmental Management and Corporate Restructuring.
o Manual on Low-Cost Upgrading of Wastewater Treatment Plants.
o Development, certification and release for public use of Indoor Dust
Standard Reference Material (SRM) for high lead concentration.
o Final report on small systems treatment methods for lead control by
aeration and corrosion control chemicals.
o Journal article on effects of complexing agents and morphology on
factors affecting dispersal of lead in soil.
o Establish a multimedia methods approval process which will eliminate
the need for developers to obtain separate approval for a new
monitoring technology under each regulatory program.
o Institute a joint government/academia/industry program to train
federal, state and private sector monitoring professionals in the
advantages and disadvantages of new measurement technologies.
o High Performance Computing and Communication program will provide a
flexible environmental modeling and decision support tool that
states can use in determining cost-effective environmental
protection strategies.
o Issue 100 new fellowships under the expanded Fellowships program.
o Support 195 research projects, about 40 percent of which will be new
awards.
o Issue final Neurotoxic Effects Assessment Guidelines.
o Issue final Carcinogenic Risk Assessment Guidelines.
o Report on modeling non-cancer dose-response as a function of varying
exposure scenarios.
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o Annual report on Harvard cooperative agreement research on methods
to improve health risk assessment.
o Report from NHANES-III Phase I studies on association of
neurobehavioral effects and blood lead levels.
o Report from NHANES-III Phase I studies on association of
neurobehavioral effects and demographic variables (age, gender,
socioeconomic status).
o Publish operator guidelines for pollution prevention options in auto
body refinishing.
o Publish survey report on accelerated development and market
penetration of very low VOCs furniture coatings.
o Release interim report on prevention options for improving indoor
air quality by reducing VOCs from aerosol consumer products.
o Summary of the condition of forests in New England, the Mid-
Atlantic, the Southeast and the Great Lakes area.
o Complete an assessment of the biological integrity of the near
shore surface waters of Lakes Michigan and Superior.
o A report on the relationships between landscape pattern and stream
condition, forest condition, and water quality in the Mid-Atlantic.
o A report on three decades of landcover and landuse changes in
the Mid-Atlantic and their implications for the condition of
the Region.
1995 o Publish "Environmental Planning for Small Communities: A Guide for
Local Decision Makers".
o Three process design manuals on Wastewater and Drinking Water
Treatment Residuals Management.
o Software for optimizing performance of a drinking water treatment
plant.
o Development, certification and release for public use of Indoor Dust
Standard Reference Material (SRM) for low lead concentration.
o Report on the performance of lead-paint measurement techniques in a
field setting.
o Final report on the "Childhood Lead Exposure Assessment and
Reduction Study" (CLEARS).
o Completion of two demonstration projects on the control of lead in
small drinking water treatment systems.
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o Develop the Data Quality Objective (DQO) process, a systematic
approach for establishing criteria for data collection designs.
o Promulgate the first integrated monitoring methods that are usable
across all environmental programs.
o Issue 100 fellowships for new Fellowships program.
o Publication of final Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment
Guidelines.
o Proposal of Neurotoxic Effects Assessment Guidelines.
o Report of biologically-based model for pulmonary toxicity.
o Report on methodological development for neurobehavioral testing for
NHANES-III.
o Report on validation of neurobehavioral evaluation system (NES)
testing of learning disabled children for NHANES-III.
o Publish final summary report for the Waste Reduction Innovative
Technology Evaluation Program.
o Release interim report on alternative paint stripping
technologies to the use of methylene chloride.
o Publish, in conjunction with the American Institute of Architects,
modified life cycle analysis methodology for building materials and
25 material reports.
o Reports on sediment microbial communities, fish assemblages, and
physical habitat as indicators of stream condition.
o Report on integrating Forest Health Monitoring and the Forest
Inventory.
o Report on the role of nitrate in the acidification on streams
in the Catskill Mountains.
o Report on the applicability of sediment indicators for measuring
biological integrity in the Great Lakes.
1994 o Produced a Groundwater and Wellhead Protection Handbook.
o Completed five guides to pollution prevention.
o Gave six seminars on Control of Combined Sewer Overflows.
o Development, certification and release for public use of Leaded
Paint Standard Reference Material (SRM) and Standard Operating
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Procedure for Preparation of Method Evaluation Materials for Lead in
Paint.
Completed three proceedings papers and presentations on the control
of lead and iron in small drinking water systems.
Expanded the Exposure Potential Matrix (a food database under
development to estimate dietary exposures from food items eaten) to
include lead residue databases and potential impact of regional and
ethnic food preferences on dietary exposure to lead.
High Performance Computing and Communication program linked air and
water models to address Chesapeake Bay problems.
Annual Report of 1994 Awards under the Exploratory Grants Program.
Report of 1994 Awards under the Small Business Innovation Research
Program: Phases I and II.
Annual Report of 1994 Research Activities under the Academic
Research Centers Program.
Published the Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook.
Published a report on the application of Benchmark Dose Procedures
to Developmental Toxicity.
Completed Phase I data collection for NHANES-III.
Published and distributed a Pollution Prevention Guideline manual
for Federal Facilities.
Produced draft report on pollution prevention opportunities in
the reinforced plastic composites industry.
o Sampled forest condition in eighteen states with the United
States Forest Service to test the applicability of the
ecological indicators for long-term monitoring.
o Sampled estuarine condition in the Gulf of Mexico and tested
indicators for estuarine monitoring in the Southeast
California and several Gulf states.
o Completed sampling of lake condition in the Northeastern U.S. and
streams in the mid-Atlantic to evaluate the responsiveness of
ecological indicators chosen for long-term monitoring.
o Completed the first phase of the interagency US/Mexico Border study.
The report identified several areas of general public health which
could be improved in the effected communities.
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MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia Research
Budget Request
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $268,363,700 and 591.5 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $62,684,400 and 84.8 total workyears from 1995. Of the
request, $46,317,100 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and $222,046,600 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $12,619,500 in the Program and
Research Operations appropriation, an increase of $50,371,900 in the Research and
Development appropriation and a decrease of $307,000 in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. The increase in the Program and Research
Operations appropriation reflects base redirections of workyears to support new
investments in the President's Environmental Technologies Initiative (ETI) and
in the Improved Science Capability program. It also reflects a consolidation
into Multimedia of existing research functions within the Integrated Ecosystem
Protection and Restoration program in order to better support the cross-media
approach of this program. The increase in the Research and Development
appropriation reflects investments for ETI, Risk Assessment Methods,
Environmental Hormone Research, the Common Sense Initiative, and the Fellowships
program.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $205,679,300 and 506.7 total workyears
for this program element, of which $33,697,600 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation, $171,674,700 is from the Research and Development'
appropriation and $307,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $169,468,100 and 404.1 total workyears for
this program element, of which $29,710,800 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation, $135,759,900 was from the Research and Development
appropriation and $3,997,400 was from the Abatement Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Research Issues
The Multimedia Research program constitutes a wide range of research issues
which cross media boundaries. Multimedia Research takes a holistic view of the
environment, and thereby seeks to determine the condition of entire ecosystems
as well as determine sources of pollution. Multimedia also encompasses much of
the Agency's health research program, providing research in human exposure,
health effects and health risk assessment as well as research in special problems
such as lead. The Multimedia program also has strong programs in innovative
technologies (ETI and Small Business Innovation Research) and high performance
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computing and communications which support all the media; exploratory grants and
centers which provide fundamental research; and technology transfer,
infrastructure and quality assurance which are necessary for the dissemination
and improvement of EPA's research products. Through these activities the
Multimedia program supports mandates that cut across the media boundaries and
supports the program offices
Ecosystems Protection
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $47,351,700 and 126.4 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $309,500 and an increase of 36.3 workyears. The request of
$47,351,700 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. The Program
and Research Operations appropriation funding related to workyears can be found
under the Multimedia Infrastructure description.
The Agency will increasingly focus on a more integrated view of
environmental protection. Rather than studying individual media, and individual
pollutants and resources, the Agency will improve its ability to protect,
maintain and restore the interaction of physical, chemical, and biological
elements of an ecosystem in a manner that will ensure the long-term health and
sustainability of the ecosystem. The primary goal of this research will be to
develop the scientific understanding and techniques required for effective
integrated ecological risk assessment and ecosystem protection at multiple
scales. This reflects the transition to a more holistic approach that examines
the effects of multiple stressors at the ecosystem level away from studies of
single stresses on organisms.
The Program is being designed to meet this goal by monitoring the condition
of ecological resources, investigating ecosystem response to human induced
stress, developing models to predict the response of ecosystems to alternative
management strategies, and assessing multiple management options at multiple
scales. This represents a change from the earlier proposal to have separate
programs in monitoring, geographic studies and risk assessment methods
development. All of the components from the original structure developed for
implementation in 1995 remain intact. However, it was deemed more appropriate
within the context of ecosystem protection that the division of activity should
be to do research, monitoring and assessment, collectively, at specific places
at multiple scales. Different scales require different approaches, involve
different methods and must be tailored to the information needs and
responsibilities of federal, state, and local ecological resource managers and
regulatory officials.
Three scales will be used as the primary focus of the research:
Integrated National Monitoring, Assessment, and Criteria Research
This component, which will provide a national perspective, will start to
address objectives that will: develop broadly applicable assessment techniques
and methods for use at all scales; conduct assessments on issues that are
independent of regional and watershed scales, or that are national in scope;
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verify through monitoring that integrated ecosystem management is adequately
protecting and improving the condition of our ecological resources; and transfer
the findings from all aspects of the Program to users through reports, workshops,
briefings, and interactive research efforts.
Studies will include monitoring, research on national scale problems, and
modeling and risk assessment methods, all to assist in making ecosystem
management decisions.
The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP), an element of
the integrated national program, will continue to focus its research on indicator
development, statistical designs and on the assessment of existing data (Does the
design work? What does the data tell us?). EMAP will test indicators and conduct
pilot and demonstration projects involving forests, rangelands, agriculture,
estuaries, lakes and streams, wetlands, the Great Lakes, and landscapes with
multiple resources. These studies will be conducted with the cooperation and
participation of a number of other Federal agencies.
EMAP activities will also serve to identify indicators applicable to field
efforts. EMAP would identify the location and magnitude of degradation, thereby
ensuring objective selections of problem areas.
Consistent with the new integrated program, EMAP will enhance the Agency's
commitment to monitor high priority ecoregions, including areas such as, South
Florida, the Pacific Northwest, and the Mid-Atlantic Region (including the
Chesapeake Bay watershed). This research will complement research already being
conducted by EMAP in all of these areas, and will contribute directly to the
regional and watershed scale studies (see elements to follow). EMAP will also
pursue the objective of developing the scientific capability (e.g. indicators,
monitoring designs and methods, data analysis techniques) for determining the
current and changing condition of the Nation's ecological resources.
Finally, one of the most important elements of an integrated program is to
know the location and extent of our resources. To this end, EMAP's landscape
characterization research will continue. The short-term goal of this program is
to provide to the EMAP regions satellite imagery for use in assessing the
condition of their region, the development of a national land cover map, and to
document the quality of existing environmental databases.
Integrated Regional Ecosystem Protection and Restoration Research
While national scale research can provide tools that are broadly
applicable, critical ecological issues are occurring at smaller geographic scales
such as ecoregions. The Administration is focusing on protecting and sustaining
many unique regional-scale systems across the country. This program will address
ecological issues applicable to regional scales such as biodiversity, habitat
degradation and restoration, and pollutant effects on large ecosystems with
ecoregions.
The goals of this component of the program are to provide the scientific
basis to develop the following: analytical tools for EPA's implementation of
ecosystem management; scientific understanding of ecosystem functioning that
applies to the major types of regional-scale ecological problems across the
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United States; and methods for integrating ecosystem management across all
scales.
In 1996, the research will focus on function and restoration studies of
regionally distributed wetlands in: the Great Plains, South Florida (ecological
effects of mercury contamination in the Everglades), the Pacific Northwest
(watersheds, riparian areas and coastal estuaries), the Great Lakes (toxics and
ecological effects studies), and the Mid-Atlantic region (an assessment of the
condition of the region).
Integrated Watershed Protection and Restoration Research
This work is being conducted in direct support the Office of Water and
their watershed management strategy. Research that cuts across a variety of
disciplines will be conducted on watershed resources, and aims at elucidating
important principles for understanding, protecting and restoring water resources
and watershed processes. Researchers will provide the tools to improve watershed
protection, management and restoration. Much of this research will be conducted
within those watersheds where studies are now underway to maximize the potential
for integration at multiple scales. Research includes: 1) developing an
enhanced predictive understanding of the processes and mechanisms that govern the
dynamics and properties of water systems, including the life therein; 2)
providing the knowledge base necessary to better understand human factors
affecting water and watersheds and to create management strategies by which these
systems can provide for sustainable economic and social development; 3) assessing
and integrating information on water and watersheds, and utilizing them as a base
for developing comprehensive models and identifying areas where improved
understanding is needed; and 4) improving the understanding of the impacts of
extreme events such as floods, droughts, and hurricanes on continental and
coastal ecosystems and the means to mitigate these events through better planning
and use of preventive measures.
Explanation of Change +36.3 FTE +$309.5K (R&D)
The Agency is requesting a net increase of $309,500 and 36.3 workyears in
1996. The increase in the Research and Development appropriation is the result
of a realignment of resources and workyears for Integrated Ecosystem Protection
and Restoration, and activities funded separately in 1995 in the pesticides,
toxics, drinking water, and hazardous waste media. These resources are being
consolidated to better align work to be done in 1996 that is focused on an
integrated view of ecosystems rather than specific media. Research support for
the pesticides, toxics, drinking water, and hazardous waste media will not be
reduced given the redirection of both resources and research activities. This
increase is partially offset by reductions for the Center for Analysis of
Environmental Change, Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, and Sacramento River
Toxic Pollutant Control Congressional earmarks for which EPA is not requesting
funds.
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1995 Program
Integrated National Monitoring. Assessment and Criteria Research
In 1995 the National program is developing methods to conduct ecological
assessments. These methods range from how to assess regional diversity, how to
predict the susceptibility of the Great Lakes to perturbations, and how to do an
assessment using existing case studies. In addition, the Ecological Risk
Assessment program is supporting research on unique issues and ecosystems. For
example, acid deposition effects monitoring is being conducted to document the
relationship between changing deposition chemistry and surface water conditions,
and research on riparian ecosystems.
In 1995, EMAP is conducting forest demonstration studies in 18 states.
Studies on lakes and streams in the northeast and Mid-Atlantic are expanding with
the help of the states and the EPA Regional Offices. Estuaries research is
focusing on the South Florida estuaries and the Southeastern estuaries. The
estuaries component is the only area within EMAP that has conducted the proposed
four-year monitoring effort to establish baseline conditions from which changes
could be confidently measured. These studies are in the Mid-Atlantic (including
the Chesapeake Bay watershed) and the Gulf Coast ecoregioris. Rangelands and
agricultural systems research are continuing the development and testing of
indicators. Rangeland pilot studies are continuing in the Southwest while the
agriculture element of EMAP is participating in both a Western (Nebraska) study
and a Mid-Atlantic integrated study.
EMAP is also focusing more of its resources relating to indicator
identification and development and data analysis toward competitive peer-reviewed
grants. EMAP is continuing to work on a data management system to make data
available to all program participants and to the public. Finally, EMAP is
continuing research on landscape ecology and is continuing to work closely with
other federal agencies to develop a national map of our nation's natural
resources and other land cover information.
Integrated Regional Ecosystem Protection and Restoration Research
Research in 1995 is being conducted in four regions, South Florida, the
Great Lakes, the Mid-Atlantic and the Pacific Northwest. Each of these areas has
been selected because they are unique habitats which also have problems common
to other areas. In South Florida the emphasis is on mercury contamination and
resulting ecological impacts. Great Lakes research is primarily focused on the
development of models to predict the response of the biota in the Great Lakes to
alternative management strategies. In the Mid-Atlantic, research and monitoring
is being used to assess the condition of this region as a whole, rather than the
individual resources within the region. This project is a test of EMAP data as
a foundation for condition assessments at regional and ecoregional scales.
Finally, research efforts in the Pacific Northwest are focused on monitoring for
protection and restoration of watersheds, riparian areas and coastal estuaries.
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Integrated Watershed Protection and Restoration Research
This work is being conducted in direct support of the EPA's Office of Water
and their watershed management strategy to provide the tools to improve watershed
protection, management and restoration. In addition, a significant part of this
research is focused on extrapolating the results of studies at one site to
similar sites, regionally or nationally.
Some of the work being conducted within this element of the Program
includes: defining precisely the user needs for watershed-scale risk
assessments; identifying the most uncertain elements of our understanding of
watershed management issues to help determine what research and monitoring should
be undertaken to reduce uncertainty in watershed risk assessment; and developing
techniques for defining and assessing risk management options for sustaining
watershed integrity and productivity.
Specific projects include research, monitoring and assessment of
agricultural influences on surface waters and wetlands, nutrient enrichment of
New England coastal watersheds, watershed contributions of toxics in the Great
Lakes, and an assessment of biological conditions in select Gulf Coast
watersheds.
Congressional Directives: A total of $1,000,000 R&D and $225,000 AC&C has been
included for the Congressionally earmarked projects, Oregon Institute of Marine
Biology, Sacramento River Toxic Pollutant Control, and Center for Analysis of
Environmental Change, of which $20,000 R&D and $4,500 AC&C is for Small Business
Innovative Research (SBIR) in the Innovative Technologies program.
1994 Accomplishments
In support of the Agency's goal to provide indicators for measuring the
success or failure of alternative regulatory or ecosystem management practices,
researchers have identified, developed and evaluated indicators of ecosystem
condition in forests, estuaries, lakes, streams, the Great Lakes, rangelands, and
agricultural systems. Using the above indicators, monitoring efforts have
documented the condition of Mid-Atlantic and Gulf-Coast estuaries, lakes in the
Northeastern U.S., streams in the mid-Atlantic and forests in 18 states. In
addition, scientists completed a five year research strategy for the Pacific
Northwest to develop the tools -for managing ecological resources from a holistic
perspective, and developed a peer reviewed landscape monitoring and assessment
plan in support of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program.
Criteria Air Pollutants
1996 Program Request
No resources are being requested for this research program. A description
of research activities formerly under the Multimedia Criteria Air program can be
found under the Criteria Air program description in the Air Quality media .
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Explanation of Change -$697.7K (R&D)
No new resources have been requested for the 1995 Congressionally directed
PM-10 Clean Air Study. This is consistent with the Agency's policy not to
request funding for Congressionally earmarked activities. Also, a shift of
research activities and accompanying resources ($97,700) to the Air Quality
program element was made to allow for simplification and consolidation of the
Criteria Air Pollutants Research program within a single program element.
1995 Program
EPA is continuing to collaborate with scientists and engineers from the
Peoples Republic of China (PRC) in the conduct of the third year of an
epidemiological study to quantify the effects of air pollutants, especially
particulate matter, on children's lung functions in Chinese cities. This project
will provide an opportunity to strengthen the epidemiological database concerning
respiratory morbidity effects of air pollution by developing information on the
relationship between air pollution and respiratory health in areas where the
range of pollution exposure is much greater than in the United States.
Congressional Directive: A total of $600,000 is included for the Congressionally
directed PM-10 Clean Air Study, of which $1,200 is for Small Business Innovation
Research (SBIR) in the Innovative Technologies program.
1994 Accomplishments
Under Annex I of the US-PRC Environmental Protection Protocol, EPA
continued to collaborate with the PRC on the second year of a study of the
respiratory effects of air pollutants on children in China.
Pollution From Motor Vehicles
1996 Program Request
No resources are being requested for this research program under the
multimedia program element.
Explanation of Change -$300.OK (R&D)
This reduction is for the National High Altitude Heavy Duty Engine Research
and Technology Center Congressional Earmark for which the Agency requests no new
funding.
1995 Program
Congressional Directive: A total of $300,000 is included for the Congressionally
directed National High Altitude Heavy Duty Engine Research and Technology Center,
of which $6,000 is for the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program in
the Innovative Technologies Research program.
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1994 Accomplishments
No resources were included for this research program under the multimedia
program element.
Indoor Air
1996 Program Request
No resources are being requested for this research program under the
multimedia program element.
Explanation of Change -$159.OK (R&D)
The research activity and accompanying resources have been shifted to the
Air Quality Program Element to allow for simplification and consolidation of the
Indoor Air Pollutants Research program within a single Program Element. The
research activity will be maintained.
1995 Program
EPA is continuing to collaborate with scientists and engineers from the
Peoples Republic of China (PRC) in the conduct of epidemiological, air
monitoring, and biomarker studies to assess human exposure and health effects of
indoor coal combustion in China. This project provides an opportunity to apply
and validate biomarkers in a human population with high exposure to environmental
carcinogens and with high lung cancer rates.
1994 Accomplishments
Under Annex I of the US-PRC Environmental Protection Protocol, EPA
collaborated with the PRC to study the human health effects of indoor coal-fired
stoves in China.
Human Exposure
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,765,400 and 14.1 workyears for 1996, a
decrease of $4,530,600 and an increase of 0.1 in workyears. The request of
$6,765,400 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. The Program
and Research Operations appropriation funding related to workyears can be found
under the Multimedia Infrastructure description.
Various scientific review panels such as the Science Advisory Board and the
National Academy of Sciences have identified difficulties in accurately
determining human exposure to environmental pollutants as one of the major
uncertainties in the risk assessment process. Because of the difficulties in
obtaining accurate exposure data, uncertainty exists in risk assessments and the
ability to evaluate the efficacy of pollution control strategies is greatly
reduced.
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Scientists will complete reports on the National Human Exposure Assessment
Survey (NHEXAS) pilot studies. Researchers will also initiate small studies that
will monitor populations based on factors such as race, socio-economic status,
and geographic location. These studies will utilize the baseline exposure data
collected in the NHEXAS pilot studies.
Researchers will continue the full scale exposure study in the lower Rio
Grande Valley as part of the US/Mexico Border project. Scientists will initiate
research to develop protocols for assessing human exposure to a variety of
pollutants via dietary and non-dietary ingestion. Researchers will complete the
initial development of a multi-pathway total human exposure model which will
enable scientists to make better estimates of exposure with reduced uncertainty.
Team members will initiate studies to evaluate the performance of the model.
Explanation of Change +0.1 FTE -$4,530.6K (R&D)
Reductions to this program are due to the completion of some of the
National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) pilot studies. The need to
fund other Agency priorities resulted in the decision not to expand the Agency's
participation in NHEXAS.
1995 Program
Scientists are preparing reports on NHEXAS pilot studies, including a
comparison of exposure estimates made from data collected in the pilot studies
with those based on data that were available prior to NHEXAS data collection.
Research teams are continuing two pilot studies in Regions V and IX, and one
special study that is examining the implications of using exposure measurements
taken over short periods of time (e.g., hours or days) to estimate exposures that
are expected to occur over longer periods of time (e.g., years or lifetimes).
Mexico Border team members are preparing an assessment of human exposure
in the Rio Grande Valley region and are implementing the first year of the full
scale exposure study, called Phase III. Scientists are preparing protocols for
measuring human exposure to a variety of pollutants via dietary ingestion.
Researchers are producing a report summarizing advances in the sampling and
analysis of toxic chemicals in air.
1994 Accomplishments
The first phase of the interagency US/Mexico Border study was completed.
The report identified several areas of general public health which could be
improved in the effected communities. In addition, the basis for further
expansion of the border studies to additional boarder states was identified.
The NHEXAS Phase I Field Study cooperative agreements were awarded and
initial study design and pre-testing were undertaken.
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Health Effects
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,307,400 and 5.0 workyears for 1996, an
increase of $4,947,600 and 5.0 in workyears. The request of $6,307,400 will be
for the Research and Development appropriation. The Program and Research
Operations appropriation funding related to workyears can be found under the
Multimedia Infrastructure description.
Concerns about potential risks to human health resulting from exposure to
pesticides and toxic substances have formed the basis for most major regulatory
programs of EPA. The need to improve upon the default assumptions and address
the uncertainties of current health risk assessment procedures provides the
rationale for research to improve the methods, models and data which underlie
assessment methods. New and improved risk assessment methods, models and data
will increase confidence in the science base for risk management decision making,
for comparative risk assessment, and for cost-benefit analysis.
The Agency will initiate a research program to characterize the effects of
environmental exposure to chemicals that interact with the endocrine system,
including research on human health, ecology, and monitoring. Development and
validation of methods and models for use in screening large numbers of chemicals
that may be hormonally active is an important part of this program. This
research will provide the Agency with information needed to characterize risks
from environmental hormones, establish priorities for candidates for additional
study, and support regulatory decision making.
In other research, scientists will be conducting studies related to
inequities in subpopulation exposures to pollutants, on the pattern and
distribution of disease in the American population. Studies will also be
conducted to develop and evaluate new cross-cutting methods to evaluate research
results, synthesize relevant information, and develop prototype methods for
health risk assessment. This research will provide an improved qualitative and
quantitative understanding of the potential risks from pollutant exposures across
the various media.
Explanation of Change +5.0 FTE +$4,947.6K (R&D)
Investments are for a research initiative which will study the effects of
environmental exposure to chemicals that interact with the endocrine system.
1995 Program
The third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III) is
providing estimates on the prevalence of disease and functional impairment,
providing data on the distribution of health characteristics (growth and
development) , monitoring changes in disease, and identifying new risk factors for
disease. Researchers are completing the second wave of NHANES-III data
collection, and are preparing a progress report providing the status of the
clean-up of data from the first wave of data collection and the evaluation of
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that data. Scientists in the University Study program are publishing progress
reports and peer-reviewed publications on research to improve risk assessment.
New methods, including expert elicitation and decision analysis techniques, are
being published. Researchers are publishing in peer-reviewed journals the
results of the national-level environmental equity analysis, wherein differential
risks to minorities and lower socioeconomic groups may result from toxic
emissions from industrial facilities.
1994 Accomplishments
Scientists completed Phase I data collection for NHANES-III. In addition,
two key documents were prepared: the annual report on Harvard cooperative
agreement research on methods to improve health risk assessment; and the report
on expert elicitation on cancer mechanisms for risk assessment of toxics.
Health Risk Assessment Methods
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,910,200 and 78.9 workyears for 1996, an
increase of $4,638,300 and 5.5 in workyears. The request of $8,910,200 will be
for the Research and Development appropriation. The Program and Research
Operations appropriation funding related to workyears can be found under the
Multimedia Infrastructure description.
Health risk assessment is being challenged to improve the methodology and
the database on which decisions are made concerning risk. This includes the
development of guidelines and dissemination of information for risk assessors in
the field.
Additional resources will be used to improve and expand the Agency's risk
assessment program. In the last few years, much attention has been focused on
the role, reliability, and applicability of health risk assessment. The National
Academy of Sciences (NAS) recently published a report, "Science and Judgment in
Risk Assessment" , which addresses these questions and contains 70 recommendations
for improving EPA risk assessments, both near-term and long-term. In reviewing
and evaluating that report, EPA identified eight areas of risk assessment methods
research as priorities. Research in these eight areas will be responsive to many
of the NAS recommendations and will focus on the issues of characterization and
communication of risk assessments.
The eight areas of priority are as follows: l)Risk Assessments for
Hazardous Air Pollutants; 2) Risk Characterization; 3) Integrated Risk
Information System; 4) Cancer Risk Assessment Guidelines; 5) Assessment of Non-
cancer Risks; 6) Multipath and Multisource Exposure; 7) Human Variability in
Susceptibility to Toxics; 8) Research to Improve Risk Assessment Tools.
In this program, modeling research will develop mathematical models and
conceptual constructs can be are used to synthesize data and generate predictions
of environmental health outcomes. Researchers will develop an improved
scientific basis for animal to human extrapolation, human variability, high-to-
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low dose extrapolation, and exposure scenario consideration. The research
outcomes will enable better consideration and confidence in risk-based decisions.
The Agency will release final Neurotoxic Effects Guidelines and Carcinogen
Risk Assessment Guidelines and scientists will produce a report on modeling
noncancer dose-response as a function of varying exposure scenarios.
Explanation of Change +5.5 FTE +$4,638.3K (R&D)
Investments are for the Health Risk Assessment initiative. This initiative
will allow the Agency to strengthen its risk assessment capabilities and address
the recommendations of the NAS and concerns about the Agency's risk assessment
methods.
1995 Program
Researchers are publishing and applying research results from the Research
to Improve Health Risk Assessment (RIHRA) and associated programs, which are
significantly advancing the scientific basis for risk assessment. Scientists are-
in the process of publishing studies that provide data for the development and
application of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models for selected volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) and metals. Researchers are preparing reports on the
mechanisms of toxicity, which are critically important for developing
biologically-based dose response models for cancer, neurological, pulmonary,
reproductive, and developmental endpoints.
Final reproductive risk assessment guidelines are being published, and
neurotoxic effects assessment guidelines are being proposed. Researchers are
updating and expanding the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), which
allows wide access to assessment information developed within the Agency,
promotes consistency, and helps to avoid duplication of efforts in EPA Regions
and states. The Agency is proposing new risk assessment guidance on ecological
risk assessment, as well as the updated guidelines on carcinogen risk assessment.
1994 Accomplishments
Accomplishments for 1994 included the publication of the Wildlife Exposure
Factors Handbook, a published report on the Application of Benchmark Dose
Procedures to Developmental Toxicity, and an assessment of risks for
incinerators. A draft of the carcinogen risk assessment guidelines was proposed.
Pollution Prevention
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,803,700 and 17.4 workyears for 1996, a
reduction of $52,000 and an increase of 4.6 workyears. The request of $4,803,700
will be for the Research and Development appropriation. The Program and Research
Operations appropriation funding related to workyears can be found under the
Multimedia Infrastructure description.
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Pollution prevention addresses a variety of multimedia environmental
problems. Section 4(b) of the Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) of 1990 (Public Law
101-508) requires EPA to "review regulations of the Agency prior and subsequent
to their proposal to determine their effect on source reduction." The Source
Reduction Review Project (SRRP) was created to allow EPA to fulfill its
requirements under the PPA. SRRP focuses on 17 industrial and. process categories
and key regulations mandated under the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act and the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. In July 1994, the Agency announced its
Common Sense Initiative (CSI) designed to achieve greater environmental
protection at less cost by creating pollution control and prevention strategies
on an industry-by-industry basis, rather than on a pollutant-by-pollutant basis.
It is expected that efforts from this initiative will result in "cleaner, cheaper
and smarter" ways to protect human health and our natural resources by preventing
pollution.
In 1996, scientists and engineers will continue to provide technical
support for multimedia regulatory development to support the Agency's media
programs under SRRP and initiate new prevention efforts to support the Common
Sense Initiative specifically in the metals and electronics industry sectors.
The Agency will conduct research on the design, development and
demonstration of new and innovative technologies that prevent pollution from
entering the air, water and soil. Research will encompass the development of
knowledge, methods and tools, and guidance for product substitution or the
redesign of production processes.
Research will support multimedia (air, water and hazardous waste)
regulatory development activities in the CSI and SRRP. Under the Clean Air Act
technical support will continue for regulatory development in several industry
sectors and processes. These industry areas include paints, coatings, adhesive
manufacturing, printing and publishing, paint stripping, and plywood and particle-
board manufacturing. Many hazardous air pollutants are associated with these
industry areas and research is underway to develop prevention methods and
procedures to reduce the creation of these pollutants at the source. Under the
Clean Water Act technical support will continue for effluent guidelines
development in the petroleum refining, metal and metal products, and pulp and
paper industries.
Social science research will continue on sustainable industry evaluations
in CSI and other industries. Linking economic growth with environmental
protection is a key element in these studies, in addition to exploring the role
of government environmental regulation in fostering pollution prevention and
technology development.
Technical assistance will continue to promote the adoption of pollution
prevention practices , including outreach through pollution prevention information
networks and clearinghouses, pollution prevention opportunity assessment
workshops and training, and industry-specific pollution prevention guides.
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Explanation of Change +4.6 FTE -52.OK (R&D)
No funding has been requested for the Congressionally directed Small
Business Pollution Prevention Center($300,000), and Agriculture and Livestock
Pollution Abatement ($735,000). Also, $289,000 was directed to the Agency's
expanded fellowships program. These reductions were partially offset by
additional resources to support the Agency's Common Sense Initiative (CSI).
1995 Program
Researchers are continuing to identify, develop, and evaluate source
reduction options as more rules are analyzed for their impact on pollution
prevention. Scientists and engineers are developing pollution prevention
methods, researching pollution prevention technologies for small businesses,
identifying pollution prevention applications in agriculture, and conducting
social science studies related to pollution prevention. Pollution prevention
information is being disseminated through a variety of means. Engineers are
preparing to publish a final report on the evaluation of barriers for the use of
radiation-curable coatings, and are publishing an interim report on the
development of pollution prevention procedures for maximum achievable control
technology (MACT) standards on styrene emissions related to the Clean Air Act.
Congressional Directives: A total of $1,035,000 is for the Congressionally
directed Small Business Pollution Prevention Center, and Agriculture/Livestock
Pollution Abatement, of which $6,000 is for the Small Business Innovation
Research (SBIR) program in the Innovative Technologies research program.
1994 Accomplishments
Staff presented technical papers on "Barriers to the Use of Radiation-
Curable Adhesives in the Coated and Laminated Substrate Manufacturing Industry"
and an "Evaluation of Innovative Ink Feed Systems for the Flexographic and
Gravure Printing Industries." An interim report was also prepared on pollution
prevention opportunities in the reinforced plastic composites industry.
Innovative Technologies
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $92,883,200 and 57.0 workyears for 1996, an
increase of $45,731,400 and 18.2 workyears. The request of $92,883,200 will be
for the Research and Development appropriation. The Program and Research
Operations appropriation funding related to workyears can be found under the
Multimedia Infrastructure description.
Innovative technologies are essential to achieving the goal of continuing
economic growth while maintaining strong environmental protection. This program
is designed to promote technologies that can better protect human health and the
environment. Innovative technologies are needed to more effectively and
economically control and prevent pollutants from entering the environment. The
goal of this program is to increase the inventory of cost-effective innovative
control, prevention, and monitoring and remediation technologies applicable to
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more than one media problem, thereby making possible a cleaner environment at
lower cost. This is directly relevant to the "cleaner, cheaper, smarter" goals
of the Agency's Common Sense Initiative.
The ETI program is designed to facilitate development and use of innovative
environmental technologies through collaboration with the private sector, other
Federal agencies, States, and Indian tribes. The Agency will expand its
participation in the three major program areas of the President's Environmental
Technology Initiative (ETI) program. This cross-agency program 1) provides
guidance on emerging technology needs, and assists businesses in overcoming
market and non-market barriers to the development and commercializa'tion of
innovative environmental solutions; 2) provides direct assistance in the
development and commercialization of promising technologies; and 3) accelerates
the diffusion of innovative technology in the United States and other countries.
A number of mechanisms will be used to achieve these goals. For example, the
Agency is initiating a program to verify the costs and performance of innovative
technologies to provide credibility to technologies in order to expedite market
and regulatory acceptance. In 1996, the Office of Research and Development will
begin work in support of the Climate Change Action Plan goal to stabilize
greenhouse gas emissions at their 1990 levels.
Research will continue in the area of advanced manufacturing focusing
reducing greenhouse gas emissions and eliminating the use of ozone depleting
substances (ODS), as well as limiting toxic chemical usage and solvents in
coating operations through process modifications. Scientists and engineers will
continue research on reducing carbon dioxide emissions through artificial
intelligence-based controls and enhanced methanol production using biomass as a
feedstock. The Agency will perform some property, toxicity, and applications
testing of an alternative ODS, a hydrofluoroether (HFE-125). Cooperative efforts
with the chemical processing, semiconductor manufacturing and magnetic tape,
coatings industries will proceed toward improving production and environmental
efficiencies through unit process redesigns and replacements.
The innovative technology research program also will provide funding to
support the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program mandated by the
Small Business Research and Development Enhancement Act of 1992. This
legislation requires the Agency to provide 2.0 percent of the 1996 extramural R&D
appropriation for SBIR projects. Competitive contracts, based on a solicitation
prepared by the Agency, will be funded in a variety of areas including prevention
and control of NOX, VOCs, S02, and toxic air emissions; indoor radon mitigation;
and prevention and control of hazardous waste disposal.
Explanation of Change +18.2 FTE +$45,817.9K (R&D) -$86.5K (AC&C)
Increases represent funds requested to expand current ETI research
activities in accordance with the EPA Technology Innovation Strategy, and funding
in support of the Climate Change Action Plan. In addition, ORD will reallocate
18.2 workyears to support the ETI program, which began in 1994. This is a
reallocation of existing research functions to reflect the Agency's support of
the Administration's focus on innovative
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The decrease to the AC&C program is for the Small Business Innovation
Research (SBIR) AC&C earmarks which were research related.
technologies.
1995 Program
The Agency is accelerating and facilitating private sector development and
use of innovative environmental technologies through cooperation and
collaboration with the private sector and other Federal agencies. In 1995, the
Agency's research program is participating in a number of areas of the ETI
program. The Innovation Capacity program is assisting environmental technology
development and commercialization efforts. The Environmental Technologies
program seeks to catalyze the development of environmental technologies,
including monitoring, control, and remediation technologies. The Pollution
Prevention focus area provides joint support for the planning, development and
commercialization of cleaner industrial technologies and practices that prevent
pollution. The Domestic Diffusion program is providing technology consumers and
regulatory officials with information and technical assistance that will
accelerate the development and deployment of innovative environmental
technologies. Also, the International Diffusion program supports the
international dissemination and use of environmental technologies and expertise,
much of which is through the U.S. Technology for International Solutions (U.S.
TIES) program. U.S. TIES assists the private sector to bring American
technologies to bear on international environmental problems.
In addition to the Environmental Technology Initiative, the Agency is
conducting research to support the Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT)
program. The goals of this program are to: 1) support a vigorous interagency
research and development program for advanced manufacturing technologies, 2)
accelerate the application of advanced and best-practice manufacturing by the
entire manufacturing sector, 3) support the human resource base with an education
and training program, and 4) promote environmentally conscious manufacturing.
Research in EPA is focusing primarily on promoting environmentally conscious
manufacturing and generic technologies in a variety of areas, including materials
processing, product and process design tools, machine and tool technologies,
fabrication, and sensor and control technologies.
The Innovative Technologies research program also is providing funding to
support and expand the SBIR program. Legislation mandating this program
stipulates that EPA set aside 2% of the 1995 extramural R&D appropriation for
SBIR projects. This is an increase over the 1.5% mandated in prior years.
Competitive contracts, based on a solicitation prepared by the Agency, are being
funded in a variety of areas, including prevention and control of NOX, VOCs, S02,
and toxic air emissions; indoor radon mitigation; pollution prevention; and
control of hazardous waste disposal.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Office of Research and Development's Environmental Technology
Initiative (ETI) supported about 60% of the 78 Agency-wide ETI projects.
Projects continue and will contribute to ETI goals targeting environmental and
restoration technologies; pollution prevention in small businesses; and gaps,
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barriers and incentives in environmental technologies. In conjunction with the
Office of International Activities, ORD established the U.S. Technology for
International Environmental Solutions (US TIES) program as the international arm
of ETI. Approximately $11 million of the R&D appropriation was used for
activities which included the participation of other federal agencies. Also,
under ORD management, EPA established the Environmental Technology, Innovation,
Commercialization and Enhancement (EnTICE) program as EPA's technology
verification program. EPA began the program with the implementation of a pilot,
the Consortium for Site Characterization Monitoring Technology, in which DOE's
Sandia National Laboratory is the verification center.
Environmental Education
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,704,200 and 1.3 workyears for 1996, an
increase of $3,137,500 and no change in workyears. The request of $11,704,200
vill be for the Research and Development appropriation. The Program and Research
Operations appropriation funding related to workyears can be found under the
Multimedia Infrastructure description.
In order for the Agency to continue to carry out its mandate to protect
human health and the environment, it is essential for the Agency to support
education and outreach programs that develop and help retain a well educated,
culturally diverse, scientific and technical workforce.
In 1996 the Agency will expand the size of the Office of Research and
Development's (ORD) Fellowship Program, begun in 1995. The Fellowship Program
will cover tuition, supplies, and stipends for students in master's and doctorate
programs in disciplines that are critical for providing a sound base for
environmental management and protection: the physical, biological, and social
sciences; mathematics and computer science; and engineering. ORD expects to
issue an additional 100 fellowships in 1996, bringing the total number to 200
fellowships, with an ultimate goal of 300 by 1997. The fellowships will provide
two-year support for work toward master's degrees and three-year support for work
toward doctorate degrees.
The Agency will continue to support a mathematics and science education
program with several programs designed to provide applied research and learning
opportunities; financial assistance; laboratory internships, programs and
products that stimulate students' interest in science, engineering and
technology; and assistance to help educational institutions become more
competitive in environmental research.
The Agency will continue sponsoring several programs designed to increase
the number and diversity of students studying and entering the environmental
science disciplines. These programs include the Minority Institutions
Assistanceship Fellowship Program, the Minority Institutions Assistanceship
Summer Intern Program, the Minority Academic Institutions Graduate Assistance
Program, and the Progression Education Program.
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Explanation of Change +$3,137.5K (R&D)
The net increase to this program is for the Agency's Expanded Fellowships
Program. This will allow the Agency to double the number of fellowships from 100
to 200 that are provided under ORD'S Fellowships Program begun in 1995. This
increase was partially offset by reductions for Congressionally directed funding
of Academic Training ($1,020,000), the Environmental Education Research and
Demonstration Center ($300,000), and the Urban Environmental Research and
Education Center ($500,000).
1995 Program
In response to recommendations made as a result of the EPA's Laboratory
Study, completed in 1994, the Agency is initiating a Fellowship program for
students in master's and doctorate programs. In 1995 the Agency expects to issue
some 100 fellowships across multiple disciplines that are critical for providing
a sound base for environmental management and protection. The fellowships will
provide two-year support for work toward master's degrees and three-year support
for work toward doctorate degrees.
The Agency is continuing to support a Mathematics and Science Education
program with several programs designed to provide applied research and learning
opportunities, financial assistance, laboratory internships, programs and
products that stimulate students' interest in science, engineering and
technology, and assistance to help educational institutions become more
competitive.
Congressional Directives: A total of $1,820,000 is for the Congressionally
directed projects of Academic Training, Environmental Education Research and
Demonstration Center and Urban Environmental Research and Education Center, of
which $36,400 is for the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program in the
Innovative Technologies research program.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency's Progressive Education, and Minority Institutions
Academic Traineeships and Fellowships programs reached approximately 140 college
level students. In the K-12 arena, Agency laboratories continued their
successful education programs in area and targeted schools. "Project AIRE", an
air quality science resource for teachers was completed through a partnership
with the Office of Air and Radiation and the American Lung Association. Version
two of the Reporter's Environmental Handbook and Teacher's Supplement was
developed through the Hazardous Substance Research Centers. Two Summer Science
Teacher's Institutes were held at Agency laboratories using funds awarded by the
National Science and Technology Council, our Laboratories also supported local
grassroots efforts to develop resource guides.
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National & International Technology Transfer
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,123,100 and 34.0 workyears for 1996,
which reflects a decrease of $1,056,800 R&D and an increase of 0.3 workyears.
The request of $1,123,100 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
The Program and Research Operations appropriation funding related to workyears
can be found under the Multimedia Infrastructure description.
The EPA produces a large volume of scientific and technical information
regarding environmental protection and cleanup. However, in order for this
information to be of maximum use, it must reach the end user in a timely manner
and in a useful form. The successful production and effective use of information
to support Agency objectives, both national and international, are the primary
goals of this program.
In support of this program's goals, Agency staff will produce and
disseminate information on environmental technology and technical data through
the Center for Environmental Research Information (CERI). The Agency will
provide reports on field monitoring techniques for small communities, stormwater
and Combined Sewer Overflow field evaluations, groundwater monitoring at
regulated sites, and best management practices for pollution prevention.
Research is emphasizing technical information for the non-technical audience.
Explanation of Change +0.3 FTE -$1,056.8K (R&D)
Reductions to this program are due to the need to fund other Agency
priorities. Areas of reduction include technology transfer activities in support
of Agency enforcement, developing countries, small industries and small
communities.
1995 Program
The Agency is conducting workshops and providing documents on designing new
and upgrading existing drinking water and waste water treatment systems,
pollution prevention alternatives and chemical substitutions, and will publish
a manual on constructed wetlands. Scientists are also conducting workshops on
Geographic Information Systems (CIS), and technologies to comply with the Clean
Air Act. Technical assistance through the Middle East Peace Talks, the
Environmental Technology Initiative and international organizations such as the
World Health Organization, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and
World Bank on a variety of topics will continue.
1994 Accomplishments
EPA's Center for Environmental Research Information (CERI) completed the
Groundwater and Wellhead Protection Handbook, five Guides to Pollution
Prevention, handbooks on fugitive volatile organics. In addition, staff
completed a Guide to Septage Treatment and Disposal, and a focus report on
Drinking Water Research. Also, EPA staff implemented a national conference on
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Environmental Problem Solving with Geographic Information Systems along with six
seminars on Control of Combined Sewer Overflows.
Lead and Other Heavy Metals
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,706,800 and 12.1 workyears for 1996,
which reflects a decrease of $256,500 and an increase of 0.1 workyears. The
request of $1,706,800 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
The Program and Research Operations appropriation funding related to workyears
can be found under the Infrastructure description
Although considerable progress has been made during the past 15 years in
reducing lead exposures in the general U.S. population, mostly through the
phaseout of leaded gasoline and lead-soldered canned foods, recent assessments
show that lead exposure still remains a serious public health problem in the
United States. Much of the U.S. housing stock is contaminated with lead paint,
and some urban areas have neighborhoods with extensive soil lead contamination.
To assist the Agency in meeting requirements in Title X (Residential Lead-
Paint Hazard Reduction) of the Housing and Community Development Act, EPA's
Office of Research and Development (ORD) will continue work to support
development and implementation of a national infrastructure for abatement of lead
in residential property paint, dust, and soil. This will include: further work
on Standard Reference Materials (SRM's) for lead in soil and dust, evaluation and
improvement of existing methods for detection and measurement of lead in paint,
house dust, and soil; and evaluation and improvement of paint and soil lead
abatement technologies. Other research on lead dust contributions to dietary
lead intake and other factors affecting dietary exposure will continue and pilot
work on mapping of lead hot spots will be extended to other U.S. sites as funding
permits. Work on refinement and validation of the EPA Integrated Exposure,
Uptake, Biokinetic Model (IEUBK) for Lead in children will continue, along with
research to improve exposure and biokinetics parameters of the model and its
application to adults. Scientists will further evaluate dispersal of lead and
other metals in soils and contaminated sediments, study transport and fate of
mercury in movement from watershed to water body, and evaluate gastrointestinal
absorption of other metals to provide inputs to the development of biokinetic
models for those metals.
Explanation of Change +0.1 FTE -$256.5K (R&D)
The need to fund other priority research necessitates a reduction to the
lead program which will result in fewer paint and soil abatement technology
evaluations. Approximately $51,000 of the reduction was redirected to the
Agency's expanded Fellowships program.
1995 Program
EPA is continuing to work with other Federal agencies to implement a broad
Multimedia Lead Research Program to support EPA's Lead Strategy and associated
interagency activities. Research is proceeding on standard reference materials
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(SRM's) for paint and house dust (with paint SRM's expected to be released in
1995 for use in calibration of paint lead detection and measurement devices) and
for soil and street dust.
Research is also proceeding on comparison and improvement of existing
methods for detection and measurement of lead in paint and house dust, which will
provide inputs to development of criteria and protocols for use in accreditation
programs to certify lead abatement laboratories and contractors. EPA scientists,
working with external partners, are also evaluating and improving paint, dust,
and soil abatement technologies.
Other research is focused on evaluation of factors affecting dietary lead
exposure; efforts will be made to develop standardized methods for geographic
information system (CIS) mapping of lead exposure hot spots and pilot mapping of
one U.S. location; and work to further refine and validate the EPA IEUBK model
for lead in children will proceed along with extension of the model for adults.
Researchers will also evaluate the environmental dispersal in soils and
contaminated sediments of lead and other metals, such as mercury. Additional
research will be initiated on other metals to include: (a) study of movement
(transport and fate) of mercury from watershed to water body and (b) evaluation
of fractional gastrointestinal absorption of other metals in children at
concentrations typical of U.S. dietary and water intake levels.
1994 Accomplishments
EPA scientists developed and certified a Leaded Paint Standard Reference
Material (SRM) and Standard Operating Procedure for Preparation of Method
Evaluation Materials for Lead in Paint. These were released for public use.
Three proceedings papers and presentations on the control of lead and iron in
small drinking water systems were presented by EPA staff. Scientists also worked
to expand the Exposure Potential Matrix (a food database under development to
estimate dietary lead exposures from food items eaten) to include lead residue
databases and potential impact of regional and ethnic food preferences on dietary
exposure to lead; and a food questionnaire to identify foods commonly eaten by
children in high-lead environments, was modified, translated into Spanish, and
administered to an expanded cohort in Jersey City, NJ. Work also progressed on
initial phases of planning and implementing steps for calibration and validation
of the EPA IEUBK model for lead used to estimate impacts of multimedia lead
exposure on blood lead distributions in children; and further information was
obtained on biodistribtuion of lead in primates. Also, progress was made on
evaluating factors affecting the binding of lead and other metals to soil
components affecting rate of dispersal of lead in soils.
Exploratory Grants and Centers
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,760,200 and 6.2 workyears for 1996,
which reflects a decrease of $3,646,300 and no change in workyears. The request
of $25,760,200 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. The
Program and Research Operations appropriation funding related to workyears can
be found under the Multimedia Infrastructure description.
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Fundamental exploratory research is a necessary foundation upon which
applied environmental science is built. It is the basis for new ideas, better
research tools, and more powerful insights which will provide the fresh ideas
needed by the EPA to effectively protect the environment and human health in the
future. The Exploratory Grants and Centers program will continue to build this
foundation through support of fundamental and applied research under three
programs, the Exploratory Grants program, the Academic Research Centers program,
and the Environmental Science and Engineering Fellows program.
The Exploratory Grants program will publish a national solicitation for
research proposals in the same five general areas emphasized in 1994 and 1995;
(1) biology/ecology, (2) air chemistry and physics, (3) water chemistry and
physics, (4) environmental engineering, and (5) environmental socioeconomics.
Investigator-initiated research proposals responding to the solicitation will be
competitively peer-reviewed by experts drawn from the research community at
large. Approximately 195 research projects will be supported, about 40 percent
of which will be new awards. Though it serves as a foundation for the Agency's
new expanded grants program, this program will continue as a distinct program,
supporting research across the various media.
The Environmental Research Centers program will continue to support
fundamental and applied research projects conducted at the four existing
university-based centers. They include: (1) the Center on Airborne Organics at
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, (2) the Center for Clean Industrial
and Treatment Technologies at Michigan Technological University, (3) the
Multiscale Experimental Ecosystem Research Center at the University of Maryland,
and (4) the Center on Ecosystem Health Research at the University of California
at Davis.
The Environmental Science and Engineering Fellows Program will support ten
post-doctoral scientists and engineers at EPA facilities. These fellows will
conduct environmental science and policy studies on priority environmental
issues. Projects will last ten weeks.
Explanation of Change -$3,646.3K (R&D)
The Agency has not requested funding for the following Congressional
Earmarks: Oil Spill Remediation Research, Toxicological Research, Urban Waste
Management Research, the Center for Excellence in Polymer Research, Air Toxic
Metals Research, and the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research
(EPSCoR).
1995 Program
The Exploratory Grants program is publishing a national solicitation for
research proposals in the same five general areas mentioned above. Investigator-
initiated research proposals responding to the solicitation will be competitively
peer-reviewed by experts drawn from the research community at large.
Approximately 195 research projects are being supported, about 40 percent of
which are new awards. Though it serves as a foundation for the new expanded
grants program, this program continues as a distinct program, supporting research
across the various media.
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The Environmental Research Centers program continues to support fundamental
and applied research projects conducted at the four existing university-based
centers.
The environmental Science and Engineering Fellows Program is supporting ten
post-doctoral scientists and engineers at EPA facilities. These fellows are
conducting environmental science and policy studies on priority environmental
issues. Projects are to last ten weeks.
Congressional Directives A total of $3,750,000 is provided for the
Gongressionally directed Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research
(EPSCoR), Toxicological Research, Oil Spill Remediation Research, Urban Waste
Management Research Center, Center for Excellence in Polymer Research, and Air
Toxic Metals Research. Of this total, $80,000 is for the Small Business
Innovation Research (SBIR) program in the Innovative Technologies Research
program.
1994 Accomplishments
The Exploratory Grants program published a national solicitation for
research proposals in the five general areas mentioned above. Proposals were
received from individual investigators nationwide, but primarily from within the
academic research community. They were competitively peer reviewed by experts
from the research community at large. Approximately, 170 research projects were
supported, 76 of which were new awards.
The Environmental Research Centers program continued to support fundamental
and applied research projects conducted at the four existing university-based
centers. Accomplishments included the initiation of the Clean Process Advisory
System (CPAS), which is being developed by the Center for Clean Industrial and
Treatment Technologies, in concert with the Center for Waste Reduction
Technologies and the National Center for Manufacturing Science. CPAS provides
a palette of tools for design and process engineers to develop "green"
alternatives to traditional design and manufacturing processes. Other research
currently supported under the centers program promises to provide support of the
Clean Water Act, the Clean Air Act, the Solid Waste Disposal Act and other
national mandates. Research progress for their first two years of operation was
highlighted in a progress report.
The Environmental Science and Engineering Fellows Program supported 10
post-doctoral scientists and engineers at EPA facilities. These fellows
conducted environmental science and policy studies on priority environmental
issues such as sustainable ecosystems, human exposure to toxic air pollutants,
and the potential ecological benefits of ephemeral stream systems. Projects
lasted ten weeks.
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Infrastructure
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $46,317,100 and 175.1 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $12,619,500 and decrease of 2.7 workyears. The request of
$46,317,100 will be for the Program and Research Operations appropriation.
Adequately funded infrastructure is critical to ORD's success in conducting
the quality science needed to assure that the Agency's decisions are
scientifically sound. The most critical part of ORD's infrastructure is its
staff. The assumption underlying all our research activities includes a
productive workforce.
This cohesive, cross-cutting program has been centralized within the
Infrastructure issue to provide improved management in EPA's salaries, travel,
and related costs associated with managing and implementing research programs.
Workyears in this issue perform the following activities; science policy
and program development; technical evaluation, review, and guidance to EPA
program/regional offices, federal/state Agencies, and foreign governments;
research quality assurance and program review; extramural resource management;
technology transfer of scientific information; ADP technical program development
of environmental data systems; regulatory mission support; facilities maintenance
and oversight; health and safety, and environmental compliance; research planning
and program development; operational research oversight; policy and procedure
development; program planning and operations; resource planning and review;
document production; and secretarial/clerical support and personnel staffs.
Explanation of Change -2.7 FTE +$12,619.5K (PRO)
Increased levels of workyear resources reflect cost-of-living adjustments
(COLAs) and Locality Pay adjustments necessary to fund ORD's workforce as well
as support for increased workyears across the various programs (described above)
within the Multimedia Research Program Element.
1995 Program
ORD's current infrastructure program provides compensation and benefits,
and travel for ORD scientists and engineers. ORD's workforce carries out
scientific research programs in support of the Agency's mission.
1994 Accomplishments
ORD funded its workyears in scientific support of the Agency's mission,
providing the personnel compensation and benefits, and travel for ORD scientists
and engineers.
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Cross Program
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,730,700 and 64.0 workyears for 1996,
which reflects an increase of $1,999,500 R&D and 17.4 workyears. The request of
$14,730,700 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. The Program
and Research Operations appropriation funding related to workyears can be found
under the Multimedia Infrastructure description
Efforts will continue in the development of less costly methods for use in
implementing the Agency's regulations. Increased emphasis will be placed on
development of biological methods for use in better characterizing the health of
rivers, lakes and other sensitive ecosystems.
As part of the Agency's efforts to foster the use of innovative
environmental monitoring technologies, EPA will continue its efforts to actively
assist technology developers in validating new technologies.
The interagency High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC)
program will emphasize the development of cross-media assessment capabilities to
address such issues as nitrogen loading in the Chesapeake Bay and toxic
pollutants in the Great Lakes by building upon the technology and science
framework established in the multi-pollutant research efforts. Research in
parallel computing and distributed data management will enhance the
infrastructure required for complex environmental problem solving and public data
access. EPA will emphasize development of flexible environmental modeling and
decision support tools that states can use in determining cost-effective,
midcourse corrective action for their State Implementation Plans to ensure
attainment of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone. The goal is
to provide high performance tools to enable a more complete cross-media-
examination of ecosystem response and pollutant reduction options, and thereby
avoid unintended environmental consequences and reduce the cost of control.
The quality assurance portion of this program will continue to emphasize
development of improved guidance to be used by Agency staff in effectively and
efficiently designing and managing Agency data gathering programs, and conducting
management system reviews of Agency activities to ensure the quality of the data
used in regulatory decision making.
Explanation of Change +17.4 FTE +$1,999.5K (R&D)
The increase in workyears in this program is for the Improved Science
Capability program. This program will add expertise to the Agency's Ecology,
Health Science and Exposure Assessment research areas. Appointment of post
doctoral investigators and visiting scientists from academia and industry will
ensure the scientific interchange crucial to the maintenance of quality science
in the Agency.
Increased resources in the HPCC program will be used in support of the
expanded grants program. Possible research grant topics include methods and
technologies to support environmental decision making, innovative computational
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techniques for source emissions estimation, parallel algorithms to enable cross-
tiiedia environmental simulations, access to earth science data including satellite
images and environmental measurements.
1995 Program
EPA will emphasize the development of standardized analytical methods for
quantifying pollutants or their metabolic products in water, air, biological
tissue, wastes, sediment, and sludge. Research will focus on the development of
more sensitive and lower cost chemical analytical methods required to detect
substances at concentrations compatible with federal and state regulatory
requirements. The goal is to provide analytical methods which minimize or
eliminate the use of hazardous solvents and reagents, thereby reducing exposure
by laboratory workers and minimizing waste which must be disposed of in
accordance with Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations, and
reducing the cost to the regulated community of compliance testing.
As a means of reducing the cost to the innovation community, EPA will
develop a generic verification protocol and establish a new multi-media methods
approval process to eliminate the need for developers to obtain separate
approvals for a new monitoring technology under each regulatory program.
In order to encourage use of innovative monitoring technologies, as a means
of reducing compliance costs, EPA will institute a joint government, academia,
industry program to train federal, state and private sector monitoring
professionals in the advantages, limitations, and costs of new measurement
technologies.
The High Performance Computing and Communication (HPCC) program will
include 1) research and pilot testing new distributed data management techniques
required by several Agency programs, 2) research on parallel computing approaches
and integrating the Geographic Information Systems (CIS), with high performance
technology for emissions modeling systems to assess pollution control options,
and 3) developing computer based environmental tools for use in grades K-12.
1994 Accomplishments
In order to reduce the costs of complying with environmental regulations,
the EPA developed four integrated monitoring methods that will be usable across
all environmental programs. Once promulgated, use of these integrated methods
is expected to substantially increase laboratory productivity and thus save the
regulated community millions of dollars annually.
As a means of better understanding how changes in one ecosystem affect
changes in another, EPA's High Performance Computing and Communication program
linked air and water models to address Chesapeake Bay problems. Using the
combined models, EPA scientists determined that reductions in emissions of
nitrogen oxides to the atmosphere would result in reductions in nutrient loadings
to the Bay. This presented decision makers with added information needed to
assess the option of reducing nitrogen oxide emissions as a means of controlling
regional ozone.
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Headquarters Expenses
Budget Request
1996 Program Request
For Headquarters Expenses, the Agency requests a total of $10,837,200 for
the Research and Development appropriation in 1996, an increase of $5,448,100 in
resources from those requested in 1995. This increase reflects the transfer of
resources from the Office of Administration and Resources Management's (OARM)
National Data Processing Division (NDPD), and mail postage services to support
ORD's portion of the Agency's Working Capital Fund (WCF). Operational expenses
include supplies and materials, equipment, automated data processing services for
headquarter's offices and for ORD-wide data systems, human resources development
training, administrative printing and reproduction, maintenance and operations,
and other miscellaneous support services.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $5,389,100 for this program element,
of which all these resources are from the Research and Development appropriation.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $5,207,300 for this program element, of
which all these resources were from the Research and Development appropriation.
Research Issues
The quality of ORD's in-house research program depends as much on having.
adequate resources for its operating expense needs as it does on a skilled
workforce to implement research priorities. ORD's research operation efforts in
every research issue are supported with the purchase of operating expense
resources (headquarters supplies and materials, training, replacement of obsolete
operational equipment, etc.) contained in this program element. Fulfilling
critical cross-cutting operational expense requirements, in as efficient a manner
as resources allow, are crucial to ORD's mission. Expenses must be adequately
planned and funded to ensure that operational activities do not suffer.
Infrastructure
1996 Program Request
The goal of this program element is to provide the physical infrastructure
needed to support headquarter activities, which in turn, contribute to producing
high-quality science within EPA.
For Headquarters Expenses, the Agency requests a total of $10,837,200 for
the Research and Development appropriation in 1996, an increase of $5,448,100
from 1995. Operational expenses include supplies and materials, equipment,
automated data processing services for headquarter's offices and for ORD-wide
10-40
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data systems, human resources development training, administrative printing and
reproduction, maintenance and operations, and other support services.
Headquarters operating expenses program will fund operational expenses in
ORD's headquarters offices, including supplies, materials, equipment automated
data processing services, ORD-wide data systems, human resources development
training, administrative printing and reproduction, and miscellaneous support
services.
The Agency, through the Working Capital Fund (WCF) staff and WCF Advisory
Group, has established a Working Capital Fund for ORD's computer operations and
postal services provided at EPA.
Postage services represent those resources necessary to cover base postage
costs for routine, day-to-day U.S. Postage Services and includes regular First,
Third and Fourth Class mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority mail,
registered and certified mail; Federal Express overnight mail and United Parcel
Service shipments.
Computer operations are those services providing on-going data processing
and telecommunication services supporting ORD, formerly funded through NDPD.
These services are classified into five cost centers: Enterprise Computing
Services, Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical Consulting Services, and
Scientific Computing Services. Investment resources will provide the Program's
share of depreciation of capital assets, increased service costs, additional
mainframe capacity, investments in network services, and investments in technical
consulting services.
Explanation of Change +$5,448.IK (R&D)
An additional $5,435,100 has been included in this program element to
support ORD's portion of the Agency's Working Capital Fund, transferred from
OARM. This does not represent new activities, but a continuation of services
which were formerly funded through OARM.
1995 Program
Headquarters operating expenses program supports operational expenses in
ORD's headquarters offices, including supplies, materials, equipment automated
data processing services, ORD-wide data systems, human resources development
training, administrative printing and reproduction, and miscellaneous support
services.
1994 Accomplishments
The headquarters operating expenses program supported operational expenses
in ORD's headquarter offices, including their supplies; materials; equipment; and
management and operational data processing support and services.
ORD-wide expenses funded ORD-wide data systems, human resources development
training, administrative printing and reproduction, and other miscellaneous
support services.
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Lab and Field Expenses
Budget Request
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $78,031,600, all of which is for the
Research and Development appropriation in 1996. This represents an increase of
$28,420,700 from 1995. This increase reflects the transfer of resources from the
Office of Administration and Resources Management's (OARM) National Data
Processing Division (NDPD), and mail postage services to support ORD's portion
of the Agency's Working Capital Fund (WCF), and for implementing recommendations
raised in the Agency's Laboratory Study.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $49,610,900 for this program element,
of which all these resources are from the Research and Development appropriation.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $45,946,500 for this program element, of
which all these resources were from the Research and Development appropriation.
Research Issues
Providing researchers with the necessary tools and working environment to
accomplish critical scientific efforts in reducing risk to human health and the
environment are essential to a quality science program. ORD's science efforts
in every research issue are supported with the purchase of laboratory supplies,
repairs and improvements to facilities, training for scientists and engineers,
replacement of obsolete scientific equipment, etc. funded in this program
element. These expenses must be adequately planned and funded or EPA's
scientific efforts suffer.
The goal of this program element is to provide researchers with the
physical infrastructure needed to support advances in environmental science and
technology that in turn contribute to the national interest and well being of our
society. This goal has two distinct objectives: 1) to sustain and renew the base
research capacity created with previous budget investments; and 2) to establish
a new research capacity to support a growing science and engineering field that
meet national demands. A comprehensive approach has been undertaken to respond
to these objectives with the primary focus being to support ORD's strategic
research efforts.
Infrastructure
1996 Program Request
ORD's capacity to fulfill its mission depends upon providing a safe.and
conducive working environment. The Agency requests a total of $78,031,600 of
which all is for the Research and Development appropriation in 1996. This
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represents an increase of $28,420,700 from 1995. This increase reflects the
transfer of resources from the Office of Administration and Resources
Management's (OARM) National Data Processing Division (NDPD), and mail postage
services to support ORD's portion of the Agency's Working Capital Fund (WCF), and
for implementing recommendations raised in EPA's Laboratory Study. In addition,
resources were reduced from the High Speed Computing and Communication (HPCC)
supercomputer and in operating expenses.
This program provides laboratory and field operating expenses, office and
specialized laboratory supplies and materials, scientific and technical
equipment, management and operational Automated Data Processing (ADP) support and
services, facilities operating expenses, facilities repair and improvement
projects under $75,000, training for scientists and engineers, and other support
services essential to fulfill ORD's research mission.
A modern and complete inventory of equipment is required to conduct
scientific research and maintain qualified scientists and engineers. ORD's
Capital Equipment Committee (CEC) reviews all requests for capital equipment.
The committee approves the purchases based in priority order to the extent that-
funds are available, with an emphasis on the replacement of obsolete mission-
essential equipment needed to address the highest-priority programmatic needs of
the Agency. A large portion of ORD's scientific and technical equipment is old,
technologically antiquated, and needs to be replaced. A portion of the
laboratory equipment budget goes to general equipment purchase requirements.
The Agency, through the Working Capital Fund staff and WCF Advisory Group,
has established a Working Capital Fund for computer operations and mail postal
services provided at EPA.
Computer operations are those services providing on-going data processing
and telecommunication services supporting ORD, formerly funded through NDPD.
These services are classified into five cost centers: Enterprise Computing
Services, Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical Consulting Services, and
Scientific Computing Services. Investment resources will provide the Program's
share of depreciation of capital assets, increased service costs, additional
mainframe capacity, investments in network services, and investments in technical
consulting services.
Mail postage services represent those resources necessary to cover base
postage costs for routine, day-to-day U.S. Postage Services and includes regular
First, Third and Fourth Class mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority
mail, registered and certified mail; Federal Express overnight mail and United
Parcel Service shipments.
Explanation of Change +$28,420.7K (R&D)
This program element is increasing by $26,210,500, for ORD's portion of the
Agency's Working Capital Fund, which was transferred from OARM to this Program
Element. This does not represent new activities, but a continuation of services
which were formerly funded through OARM. ORD is also increasing its budget by
+$5,000,000 R&D in order to implement recommendations made as a result of ORD's
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Laboratory Study. In addition, ORD is reducing its budget by $2,500,000 from the
HPCC supercomputer project.
1995 Program
The laboratory and field expenses program provides operating expenses,
office and laboratory supplies and materials, scientific and technical equipment,
management and operational ADP support and services, facilities operating
expenses, facilities repair and improvement projects, training for scientists and
engineers, and other support services needed to maintain the Agency's research
effort.
1994 Accomplishments
Resources were provided for laboratory and field operating expenses, office
and specialized laboratory supplies and materials, scientific and technical
equipment, management and operational ADP support and services, training for
scientists and engineers, and other support services necessary to conduct high-
quality scientific research activities.
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MULTIMEDIA
Environmental Review and Coordination
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Environmental Education
Program
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Environmental Review
and Coordination
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Regional Multi -media
Programs
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
American Indian
Environmental Office
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Border Environmental
Activities
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
$605.2
$5,606.4
$6,211.6
$7,801.3
$11,914.1
$19,715.4
$13,983.3
$13,983.3
$1,953.4
$1,953.4
$8,406.5
$33,457.2
$1,239.1
$6,535.8
$7,774.9
$6,414.1
$3,384.6
$9,798.7
$16,664.9
$16,664.9
$768.6
$6,013.8
$6,782.4
$63.0
$1,997.1
$2,060.1
$8,484.8
$34,596.2
$918.4
$5,999.9
$6,918.3
$8,331.4
$8,147.5
$16,478.9
$13,346.5
$13,346.5
$1,100.0
$1,100.0
$213.6
$1,963.9
$2,177.5
$9,463.4
$30,557.8
$914.5
$5,999.8
$6,914.3
$7,614.3
$3,064.6
$10,678.9
$15,400.3
$15,400.3
$1,471.4
$9,663.0
$11,134.4
$696.7
$1,963.9
$2,660.6
$10,696.9
$36,091.6
$1,349.5
$7,414.4
$8,763.9
$8,079.0
$3,347.8
$11,426.8
$17,126.3
$17,126.3
$3,232.3
$15,579.4
$18,811.7
$976.7
$1,995.6
$2,972.3
$13,637.5
$45,463.5
$435.0
$1,414.6
$1,849.6
$464.7
$283.2
$747.9
$1,726.0
$1,726.0
$1,760.9
$5,916.4
$7,677.3
$280.0
$31.7
$311.7
$2,940.6
$9,371.9
$110.4
$878.6
$989.0
$1,664.9
-$36.8
$1,628.1
$461 .4
$461.4
$2,463.7
$9,565.6
$12,029.3
$913.7
-$1.5
$912.2
$5,152.7
$10,867.3
Compliance
Environmental Review TOTAL
and Coordination
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
$41,863.7 $43,081.0 $40,021.2 $46,788.5 $59,101.0 $12,312.5 $16,020.0
Environmental Education
Program
Environmental Review
and Coordination
Regional Multi-media
Programs
7.3
116.1
13.8
102.5
13.8
114.9
13.6
108.6
13.8
106.5
-2.1
4.0
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MULTIMEDIA
Environmental Review and Coordination
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST
1994 BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE 1996
1995 1995
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
American Indian
Environmental Office
Border Environmental
Activities
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Environmental Education
Program
Environmental Review
and Coordination
Regional Multi-media
Programs
American Indian
Environmental Office
Border Environmental
Activities
123.4
7.8
120.0
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
12.4 21.3
1.0
129.7
13.8
102.5
12.4
1.0
3.3
132.0
14.8
119.0
3.3
8.9
152.4
14.6
112.7
21.3
8.9
30.4
13.0
163.7
14.7
110.4
30.4
13.0
9.1
4.1
11.3
-2.3
9.1
4.1
18.0
12.0
34.0
7.9
18.0
12.0
TOTAL UORKYEARS
127.8
129.7
137.1
157.5
168.5
11.0
38.8
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MULTIMEDIA
Environmental Review and Coordination
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $59,101,000 supported by 168.5 workyears for
1996, of which $13,637,500 will be for the Program and Research Operations (PRO)
appropriation and $45,463,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
(AC&C) appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,940,600 in PRO, an
increase of $9,371,900 in AC&C and an increase of 11.0 workyears.
Environmental Education Program
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,763,900 supported by 14.7 total workyears
for 1996, of which $1,349,500 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $7,414,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $435,000 and 0.1 workyear from
1995 in the Program and Research Operations appropriation, and an increase of
$1,414,600 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1996 the Agency will continue to build and expand on the Administrator's
two broad goals for environmental education: first, to increase environmental
literacy throughout the country, and, second, to foster future generations of
scientists, engineers, communicators and other environmental specialists. We
will support the activities required by the National Environmental Education Act
of 1990 (NEEA) (P.L. 101-619) by funding: environmental education projects
nationwide; a national consortium for environmental education and training to
provide teachers with the knowledge, materials and skills to introduce
environmental education into classrooms; and the National Environmental Education
and Training Foundation to strengthen and enhance the role of environmental
education and to foster partnerships among government, academic institutions,
business, industry and community groups. In addition, NEEA is up for
reauthorization in 1996 and we will begin an important dialogue with Congress on
how to strengthen and refine the environmental education program to make it more
responsive to the nation's needs.
Explanation of Change +0.1 FTE +$435.0 (PRO) +$1,414.6 (AC&C)
The increase in the Program and Research Operations appropriation reflects
increased personnel costs. Increased Abatement, Control, and Compliance
resources include an additional $500,000 for grants to States and local school
boards to support environmental education as well as administrative and
programmatic support to the Agency environmental education program.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,914,300 supported by 14.6
total workyears for this Office, of which $914,500 is from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $5,999,800 is from the Abatement, Control
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and Compliance appropriation. Under the authority of Section 6 of NEEA the
Agency will continue to build on previous years' efforts to sponsor, conduct and
fund a number of programs/projects, through a nationwide competitive grant
process designed to promote environmental education and career opportunities in
environmental sciences to educators, students, communities and the general
public. Under Section 5 of NEEA, the Agency is planning a competitive grant
award process for a three-year effort to choose a grantee to head a consortium
of academic institutions and nonprofit organizations to introduce teachers (K-
12th grades) to environmental education into the classroom and improve
environmental programs already underway.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $6,211,600 supported by 7.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $605,200 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation, and $5,606,400 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Under Section 6 of the National Environmental
Education Act, the Agency awarded more than 250 grants in excess of $2,900,000
for environmental education projects nationwide. Special emphasis was placed on
selecting a wide range of projects for funding so that their effects reach
diverse audiences, communities, and geographic locations and support the Agency's
environmental justice and pollution prevention priorities. The vast majority of
our grants are awarded by the Agency's Regional Offices for grassroots projects
of $5,000 or less as stipulated in the legislation. Resources also supported an
environmental education internship and fellowship program and the National
Environmental Education and Training Foundation.
Environmental Review and Coordination
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,426,800 and 110.4 total workyears for
this program, of which $8,079,000 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $3,347,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $464,700 and a decrease of 2.3
total workyears for Program and Research Operations, and an increase of $283,200
for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
In 1996, the Environmental Review and Coordination (ERG) program will
support achievement of several of the Agency's goals identified as priorities in
the Budget Request, particularly ecosystem protection. ERG will support those
goals and ensure environmental accountability through the National Environmental
Policy Act (NEPA) and international agreements and requirements. The program
will employ a mix of compliance assistance and traditional enforcement tools in
partnerships with other federal agencies and countries, and develop sound data
and methodologies to assess environmental impacts.
In 1996, the ERG program will continue to review environmental impacts of
proposed major federal actions as required by the National Environmental Policy
Act (NEPA), §309 of the Clean Air Act (CAA) , and the Executive Order on
environmental justice; develop policy and technical guidance on issues related
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to NEPA, the Endangered Species Act (ESA), the National Historic Preservation Act
(NHPA), and relevant Executive Orders (EOs); and provide enforcement and
compliance support for EPA's international agenda in areas such as the North
American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), North American Commission for
Environmental Cooperation (NACEC), Mexican Border initiatives, the action plan
adopted at the Summit of the Americas, the GATT and other international
commitments where environmental protection is an issue.
The ERC program will emphasize partnerships with other federal agencies to
better integrate into their programs EPA's pollution prevention and ecological
risk assessment efforts; ERC will particularly emphasize ecosystem protection and
development of sound data and methodologies to assess environmental impact and
ecological risks. This program will target those federal agencies with greatest
environmental impact and use interagency working groups to strengthen their
policies and project reviews for protection of ecological resources and
mitigation of adverse impacts, including climate, terrestrial habitat, wetlands,
estuaries and geographic areas such as the Great Lakes and Chesapeake Bay. The
program will assure that EPA has a solid program of compliance with NEPA and
other applicable statutes, and with environmental justice requirements. This
effort will include the environmental assessment of: EPA-issued new source
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits in non-delegated
states, off-shore oil and gas sources, EPA laboratories and facilities, and
remaining projects under the construction grants program. The program will also
manage the Agency's official filing activity for all federal Environmental Impact
Statements (EISs) in accordance with a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the
Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ).
In the international arena, the ERC program will participate in the
development of international environmental assessment (EA) procedures and project
reviews, with specific emphasis on the Mexican Border, and will provide training
on EA principles and processes. Other efforts will include technical support for
environmental assessments of trade agreements, EA training and technical
assistance for developing nations, and the development of the Administration's
legislation implementing the Antarctica Environmental Protocol. The program will
target unique geographic and ecological areas for increased multimedia EA
support, particularly those along the U.S./Mexican and U.S./Canadian borders.
The ERC program will provide focused enforcement and compliance support for EPA's
contribution to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The program will also provide technical
assistance and training to enhance environmental enforcement and compliance in
selected countries in accordance with U.S. foreign policy objectives.
Resources will also be used to co-sponsor the Fourth International
Conference on Environmental Enforcement. The Conference will seek to establish
regional environmental compliance and enforcement networks and build long term
programs for improved compliance with environmental requirements.
Explanation of Change -2.3 FTE +$464.7K (PRO) +$283.2K (AC&C)
A reduction of 1.7 workyears reflects streamlining of core management
activities , including policy analysis , environmental policy MOU responsibilities ,
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the EIS filing system, and the Ecological Forum. An internal Agency redirection
of 0.6 workyear will support the Agency's Mexican Border pilot program.
The net change in AC&C resources includes an investment of $114,000 to
enhance ecosystem protection and environmental justice through mandatory NEPA
compliance and EPA's §309 CAA review of other federal agencies activities. The
program will assure that the Agency considers ecosystem protection and the
requirements of the EO 12898 on environmental justice in NEPA reviews of its own
activities and its CAA §309 reviews of other agencies' proposed major policies,
plans, programs, activities, and regulations.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $10,678,900 and 112.7 total workyears,
with $7,614,300 from the PRO appropriation and $3,064,600 from the AC&C
appropriation.
The program is continuing its management oversight and technical assistance
efforts under NEPA and §309 of the Clean Air Act emphasizing 1) environmental
justice and the prevention of significant air and water degradation from proposed
major Federal projects, especially land management and highway projects impacting
sensitive ecological resources; 2) targeting high impact Federal program areas
(e.g., water resources and energy related projects) through interagency
workgroups; 3) providing quality EPA NEPA analyses and assessments; 4) sound
state environmental review programs to support the State Revolving Fund (SRF) for
wastewater treatment construction; 5) sound EPA programs that comply with other
environmental statutes; 6) training and technical assistance for the Mexican
Border initiative and other nations developing an EA program; and 7) liaison
activities such as managing EPA's umbrella MOUs with other federal agencies and
management of the Agency's official EIS filing system.
In 1995, the program is reviewing about 500 federal EISs and numerous other
EAs of smaller federal projects for environmental impact; is continuing to
emphasize early involvement in the project planning cycle; and, is ensuring that
the Agency complies with NEPA and other applicable statutes, at the Agency's
laboratories and during facilities construction and alterations, new source NPDES
permit issuance, and remaining construction grant activities.
The program is continuing to provide EA expertise for international
activities in coordination with the State Department, Agency for International
Development, and multi-lateral banks; it also is providing technical assistance
and training to developing nations and to federal agencies for international
projects with environmental impacts. The program is targeting unique geographic
and ecological areas for increased multimedia EA support, particularly those with
impacts on the U.S./Mexican and U.S ./Canadian Borders. The program is continuing
its enforcement and compliance activities regarding the North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA) and its environmental side agreements and also is addressing
enforcement and compliance issues raised by other agreements such as the General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It is providing technical assistance .and
training in enforcement and compliance to selected countries around the world,
particularly Russia and the emerging democracies in Eastern Europe. The program
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is providing initial planning and development of support for the EPA co-sponsored
Fourth International Conference on Environmental Enforcement.
Starting in 1995, the Indians Tribal Assistance function has been moved
into the newly created American Indian Environmental program element in the
Multimedia media.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $19,715,400 and 120.0 total workyears, with
$7,801,300 from the PRO appropriation and $11,914,100 from the AC&C
appropriation.
The ERG program continued its management oversight and technical assistance
efforts emphasizing: 1) prevention of significant air and water degradation from
proposed major Federal projects; 2) targeting high impact Federal program areas;
3) providing quality EPA NEPA analyses and assessments; 4) state environmental
review programs to support the State Revolving Fund (SRF) for wastewater
treatment construction; 5) sound EPA programs that comply with other
environmental statutes; 6) coordination of the Agency's Indian Program and
management of the General Assistance Agreements Program; 7) EIA support on
international issues; 8) training and technical assistance for the Mexican Border
initiative and other nations developing an EA program; and 9) liaison activities
such as managing EPA's umbrella MOUs with other Federal agencies.
The ERG program reviewed about 500 Federal EISs and numerous EAs. The
program supported EPA compliance with NEPA and other applicable statutes and
executive orders for the Agency's laboratories, facilities, construction and
alterations, new source NPDES permit issuance, and remaining construction grant
activities.
The ERG program international activities 1) provided assistance in
implementing the NAFTA and its environmental side agreement; 2) counseled the
Eastern European democracies with regard to their new environmental laws, and
provided training in enforcement principles and techniques in various countries
around the world; 3) worked closely with other EPA offices to implement the NAFTA
environmental side agreement, and participated in enforcement-related functions
of the Commission on Environmental Cooperation; 4) built enforcement cooperation
with Mexico and Canada; and 5) built partnerships between EPA, U.S. Customs,
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), state and local governments, as well as
Mexican and Canadian agencies in environmental enforcement. The ERG program
provided training to several Eastern European countries in negotiation of
compliance agreements, and continued drafting the legislative efforts regarding
Basel and Antarctica.
EPA successfully co-sponsored the Third International Conference on
Environmental Enforcement in Oaxaca, Mexico introducing new training case studies
and technical support and pollution prevention documents. The ERG launched the
United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) capacity building workshops on
organizing compliance, enforcement and permit programs. Governmental and non-
governmental officials from 68 countries and international organizations
participated with outstanding evaluations of the substance and value of the
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conference in building international capacity and commitment to effective
enforcement of environmental laws.
The EPA Indian program continued to concentrate its efforts on the
development of tribal capacity to identify and respond to current and potential
environmental problems. Emphasis was also placed on the enforcement of tribal
ordinances and Federal statutes. Capacity-building was accomplished through: 1)
general assistance agreements with 120 awards to tribes, tribal consortia and
Alaska Native Villages; 2) report to Congress on EPA approved tribal enforcement
activities; 3) technical assistance through circuit riders; 4) strengthened
outreach and liaison activities with tribal organizations and other Federal
agencies; 5) increased environmental inventory of reservation lands; and 6)
assistance with establishment of the Agency's new American Indian Environmental
Office.
Regional Multimedia Programs
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,126,300 for Regional Multi Media
Programs, all of which will be from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,726,000 from 1995. These
resources provide funding for local projects identified by the Regions, through
their strategic planning processes, as being most significant and critical to
Regional, state, and local jurisdictions' environmental programs. Funding in all
media areas as well as environmental education and pollution prevention allows
the Regions to support a broad range of projects.
These projects fund solutions to, or study of environmental problems unique •
to, localities within each Region to achieve the greatest risk reduction for
environmental protection dollar expended. This program provides the needed
resources for the Regional offices to handle risk-based priorities that are
geographically unique to the Regions, and are not adequately addressed by the
Agency's national media-based programs. With the exception of the funds in this
program, Regional offices receive a relatively small portion of that part of the
Agency's budget that is not directed to Administrative expenses. This program
makes program funds available to those with the most direct responsibility for
carrying out the Agency's mission.
Explanation of Change +$1,726.OK (AC&C)
The additional $1,726,000 includes a restoration of funds that were reduced
from the 1995 President's Budget as a result of a Congressionally directed
reduction. It includes an investment of $500,000 additional dollars which will
allow for some additional projects to be initiated, as well as providing
continued adequate funding for on-going projects.
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1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $15,400,300 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This
program, which began in 1994, will continue to focus on geographically-oriented
initiatives to address environmental problems in the Agency's ten Regional
offices. These initiatives were developed under the direction of the Regional
Administrators with broad oversight from the Office of Regional Operations and
State/Local Relations within the Headquarters' Office of the Administrator. All
projects fund issues that are of the most immediate concern to individual Regions
and support the most innovative Agency attempts to define and resolve
complicated, controversial, Tribal, local, state and regional multi-media
environmental problems. By funding these initiatives, such as lead contamination
in the Northeast or mining waste in the West, each Region can target critical
environmental problems that present the greatest risk to local environments and
can accomplish the work even when the risk presented to the entire country is
significantly lower than the local risk.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $13,983,300 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The
program funded seventeen major projects, each of which addressed environmental
problems unique to localities within each region. Examples of accomplishments
to date include:
The Baltimore/Washington Urban Environmental Risk Initiative: an Inter-
Agency Steering Committee, comprised of all levels of government is developing
risk reduction plans that address fish consumption, lead, ground level ozone, and
hazardous materials in the Baltimore area. A similar project is in the planning
stages in Washington B.C.
Lead Risk Reduction Initiatives: two projects are utilizing exposure and
health data from local and national sources to design and deliver a public
education and outreach program in urban areas. Local community organizations
and community colleges are spearheading these efforts under grants.
The Rocky Mountain Headwaters Mining Initiative: Federal and state
agencies are working together to develop a Storm Water Control Plan for Mining
Sites, and will use ecosystem management techniques to address the habitat
destruction caused by toxic metals contamination.
Toxic Source Reduction Initiative: pollution prevention workshops have
been developed and are being conducted for various industries, including oil
refineries, and lead exposure reduction workshops are being held in urban areas
in Los Angeles City and County.
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American Indian Environmental Office
1996 Program Request
The American Indian Environmental Office requests a total of $18,811,700
and 30.4 total workyears for this program, of which $3,232,300 will be for the
Program and Research Operations appropriation and $15,579,400 will be for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of
$1,706,900 for Program and Research Operations, $5,916,400 for Abatement, Control
and Compliance and an increase of 9.1 total workyears. The increase in Program
and Research Operations reflects increased personnel costs. The increases in
total workyears and Abatement, Control and Compliance will assist tribal
governments in building capacity through general assistance agreements and the
development of environmental programs under Federal environmental statutes.
General Assistance Program grants are authorized in the Indian Environmental
General Assistance Program Act of 1992, as amended.
In 1996, EPA will continue to expand and improve its program delivery in
Indian Country, an area of environmental protection which has not kept pace with
state capacity. The American Indian Environmental Office will assist tribes in
addressing multi-media environmental issues in Indian Country through the
following activities: implementation and coordination of EPA's tribal
environmental policies; development of a national tribal environmental strategy;
assurance of consistency in the development and implementation of EPA's tribal
policies among all programs; oversight of the General Assistance Grant Program
and development of recommendations for grant flexibility and streamlining;
promotion of Agency-wide participation in tribal environmental activities;
development and implementation of reporting systems and feedback mechanisms;
development and operation of a clearinghouse for tribal environmental information
and data generation; coordination of tribal environmental training; development
and coordination of EPA staff training on tribal issues; coordination of
communication with tribes; support for the Agency's Tribal Operations Committee;
and, coordination of interagency cooperation for the improvement of environmental
conditions in Indian Country.
The Administration will propose legislation to include this grant program
in the Performance Partnership Initiative. A state or tribe could elect to
consolidate this and other categorical media grants into one or more multimedia
or single media grants. The state (or where applicable, tribe) could then target
its most pressing environmental problems and use the performance partnership
grant for a number of activities including pollution control, abatement and
enforcement. This program will not compromise basic national objectives and
legislative requirements.
Explanation of Change +9.1 FTE +$1,760.9K(PRO) +$5,916.4K(AC&C)
Indian program functions and resources, which were previously the
responsibility of the Office of Federal Activities (OFA) , are now in the American
Indian Environmental Office. The Office is the central point of contact for
tribes at Headquarters and the Regional Indian Coordinators are the multi-media
point of contact for tribes in the Regions. Responsibility for administering
specific programs such as water, air and waste are handled by the respective
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programs and regional offices, and will continue to operate in that manner. The
increase in workyears and the Program and Research Operations appropriation will
support the expanded delivery, coordination and implementation of environmental
programs in Indian Country. The increase in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation will fully fund the General Assistance Program grants
at the authorized level of $15,000,000. These grants provide tribes with the
capacity to plan and develop multi-media environmental programs.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $11,134,400 supported by 21.3 total
workyears for the American Indian Environmental Office of which $1,471,400 is
from the Program and Research Operations appropriation and $9,663,000 is from the
Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1995, the Agency is establishing the American Indian Environmental
Office. Management of the General Assistance Program grants and functions of
National Indian Coordinator along with their associated resources have been moved
from their previous location in the Office of Federal Activities to the new-
office .
Activities being undertaken by the American Indian Environmental Office
during 1995 include managing the General Assistance Program grants; providing
Agency-wide policy development and coordination of the Indian program; providing
a focal point for Indian activities in the Agency; promoting government-to-
government relations with the tribal governments; encouraging the development of
strengthened national and regional tribal programs; development of tribal,
regional and national strategies for addressing environmental problems in Indian
Country; and working with tribes to develop Memoranda of Agreement between the
Agency and tribes for building environmental program capacity in Indian Country.
In addition, this office provides the focal point and support for the
Agency's Tribal Operations Committee of EPA and tribal representatives who meet
as co-regulators to improve Agency and tribal capacity for protecting human
health and the environment in Indian Country.
Congressional Directives: A total of $1,100,000 is for the Congressionally
directed projects for the Sokaogon Chippewa Community to assess the potential
environmental impacts of a proposed underground sulfide mine near the
reservation; for the Washington State coordinated tribal water quality program;
and for the Intertribal Council of Arizona.
1994 Accomplishments
This program was administered by the Office of Federal Activities in 1994.
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Border Environmental Activities
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,972,300 and 13.0 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $311,700 and 4.1 workyears from 1995. Of the request,
$976,700 will be for Program and Research Operations, and $1,995,600 will be for
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase
of $280,000 and 4.1 total workyears in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and an increase of $31,700 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The increase in Program and Research Operations
resources reflect increased personnel costs associated with the establishment of
two border offices. The increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance is minimal
and covers support costs.
In 1996, EPA/OIA is requesting an additional 4.0 workyears to support two
border offices (El Paso, Texas and San Diego, California). The establishment of
these offices is in response to concerns raised by local residents and state
officials that environmental circumstances for U.S. citizens along the
U.S./Mexican Border are unique and EPA's current structure is inadequate to
address the needs of border communities. These border offices will provide: (1)
a one-stop-shop for citizens of the border to access information related to EPA's
domestic programs, EPA's border program specifically, and to the border
environment; (2) an outreach office to coordinate communication of EPA
accomplishments and activities to local communities and to solicit and receive
local input into border program design and implementation; (3) a communications
hub for OIA and Regions VI and IX on border and bilateral issues; (4) a support
office for EPA activities related to the Border Environmental Cooperation
Commission (BECC) located in Juarez Mexico; and (5) a mechanism for coordinating
the bi-lateral border programs established by the U. S.-Mexiccin Border 2000 Plan
(a plan to be negotiated with Mexico to address common problems).
The Regional component of this program element will continue to implement
the La Paz Agreement and other border environmental activities. The new Border
2000 Plan will address existing border environmental problems and establish
mechanisms for border states and local communities to develop needed
environmental services. In addition, activities will focus on sustainable
development in the border area, protection for the health of border residents,
as well as protection of critical natural ecosystems. Specific activities under
the plan will be developed in consultation with other EPA Offices, other Federal
agencies, State and local governments, and local private organizations.
Activities will include support for U.S. Colonias communities, as well as
programs to improve hazardous waste management, strengthen binational enforcement
laws, monitor environmental conditions, and address critical air and water
pollution problems.
In addition, binational efforts to promote and coordinate pollution
prevention activities will continue.
Explanation of Change +4.1 FTE +$280.OK (PRO) +$31.7K (AC&C)
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The increase in Program and Research Operations reflects increased
personnel costs associated with the additional 4.0 workyears needed to establish
two new border offices, El Paso, Texas and San Diego, California. Abatement,
Control and Compliance remains relatively level and will support additional
supplies.
1995 Program
The Agency requests a total of $2,660,600 and 8.9 total workyears for 1995.
Of the request, $696,700 will be for Program and Research Operations, and
$1,963,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Resources will be used to provide continued support to border activities
related to protecting drinking water supplies; improving disposal of solid and
hazardous wastes; improving air quality, and promoting pollution prevention
activities. Specific 1995 activities include the setting up of several
binational sister-city workshops to assist emergency planning and response; the
development of a Maquiladora Site Assistance Program focussing on voluntary, non-
regulatory technical assistance; activation of a new air monitoring network in
the Sunland Park area and other sister cities; support for cooperative
environmental enforcement; training on pollution prevention; and the further
development of HAZTRAKS, a hazardous waste tracking system that has been an
enormously successful EPA/SEDESOL effort.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency allocated a total of $1,953,400 for 1994. Of the request,
$1,953,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
OIA in conjunction with Regions 6 and 9 continued to serve as the focal
point for implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). OIA
supported cross-media activities that addressed a number of environmental issues
along the U.S./Mexico Border. Improved Enforcement of Environmental Laws:
trained Mexican personnel to be inspectors; joint inspections cracked down on
polluters on both sides of the border. Clean-up of Existing Pollution: EPA
trained Mexican officials on wastewater pretreatment programs; and improved
emergency response capabilities through joint planning and training. Preventing
Pollution: established hazardous waste tracking system to monitor how much and
what kind of hazardous waste crossed the border.
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MULTIMEDIA
Academic Training Grants
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Academic Training
Abatement Control and $1,720.1
Compliance
TOTAL $1,720.1
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and $1,720.1
Compliance
Multimedia Training TOTAL $1,720.1
Grants
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Academic Training
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Academic Training
TOTAL WORKYEARS
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MULTIMEDIA
Academic Training Grants
Budget Request
The Agency requests no resources for this activity in 1996.
Academic Training Grants
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this activity.
Explanation of Change $O.OK (AC&C)
No resources are heing requested for the Congressionally directed Academic
Training grants.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,020,000 all of which is in
the Research and Development appropriation. These resources were appropriated
in the Research and Development appropriation in 1995 and are included in the
Multimedia Research program, Environmental Education Issue.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, $1,720,100 was obligated in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation for Congressionally directed academic training.
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PROGRAM
Cooperative
Environmental
Management
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
MULTIMEDIA
Cooperative Environmental Management
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$1,347.2 $1,167.6 $1,461.2 $1,452.4 $1,289.3 -$163.1 $121.7
$536.7 $2,026.9 $1,895.2 $1,895.0 $824.2 -$1,070.8 -$1,202.7
TOTAL $1,883.9 $3,194.5 $3,356.4 $3,347.4 $2,113.5 -$1,233.9 -$1,081.0
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Interdi sci pii nary
Technical Transfer
$1,347.2 $1,167.6 $1,461.2 $1,452.4 $1,289.3 -$163.1 $121.7
$536.7 $2,026.9 $1,895.2 $1,895.0 $824.2 -$1,070.8 -$1,202.7
TOTAL $1,883.9 $3,194.5 $3,356.4 $3,347.4 $2,113.5 -$1,233.9 -$1,081.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Cooperative
Environmental
Management
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
14.3 13.8
14.3 13.8
13.8 13.5 12.8
13.8 13.5 12.8
-7
-7
-1.0
-1.0
Cooperative
Environmental
Management
TOTAL WORKYEARS
14.3 13.8
14.3
14.3 13.8 14.3
14.0
14.0
13.3
13.3
-7
-7
-5
-5
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MULTIMEDIA
Cooperative Environmental Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,113,500 supported by 13.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,289,300 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation, and $824,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of $163,100 and 0.7 total
workyear in the Program and Research Operations appropriation, and a decrease of
$1,070,800 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Cooperative Environmental Management
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,113,500 supported by 13.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,289,300 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation, and $824,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of $163,100 and 0.7 total
workyear in the Program and Research Operations appropriation, and a decrease of
$1,070,800 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1996, this Office will continue to develop and support the programs that
were initiated in 1995 related to the Administrator's priorities dealing with
Ecosystems Protection and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
implementation. The programs will continue to identify, document, and
disseminate information on selective exemplary practices related to these topic
areas including environmental management; develop environmental management case
studies; expanding EPA's infrastructure through links with business, academic,
government and vocational institutions; and establish a network of experts in
environmental policy as it relates to technology, intergovernmental affairs,
economic development, ecosystems protection and global environment and trade.
The Office is the executive secretariat to the Administrator's National
Advisory Council for Environmental Policy and Technology (NACEPT) and its
standing committees and facilitates and monitors the Agency's response to
recommendations accepted by the Administrator. The Office identifies and
promotes the development of new and innovative environmental technologies,
policies and approaches to environmental management through cooperative
partnerships with organizations and institutions outside of EPA and by
identifying ways to remedy administrative or other barriers that stifle effective
implementation.
Explanation of Change -0.7 FTE -$163.IK (PRO) -$1,070.8K (AC&C)
The streamlining and empowerment initiatives embraced by the Agency will
remove a portion of the NACEPT burden for this Office. The reduction of this
Office by 0.7 workyear reflects the effectiveness of these programs within the
Office of Cooperative Environmental Management. Changes in expense resources
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reflect the shifting of funding for the President's Council on Sustainable
Development to the Immediate Office of the Administrator.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,347,400 supported by 14.0
total workyears for this program of which $1,452,400 is from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation, and $1,895,000 is from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. The program is continuing to develop a national
agenda to identify, document and disseminate selected environmental "best
practices" that constitute model approaches worthy of replication; establish a
national network of experts in environmental policies at all levels of government
and private sector; expand EPA's links with academic and vocational institutions;
and manage and staff the Administrator's National Advisory Council for
Environmental Policy and Technology (NACEPT) to address issues of national
concern. In cooperation with EPA program and Regional Offices as well as state
and local agencies, this program will continue to identify and promote innovative
approaches to environmental management through continuing program activities and
demonstrations, with particular emphasis on efforts designed to improve both the
economic and environmental health of the U.S. through cooperative relationships
with public and private sectors. The Office's work will be highlighted by
supporting NACEPT on issues related to Ecosystems Protection.
The NACEPT Committee on Implementation Tools for Ecosystems Protection will
continue its efforts at identifying both hurdles and incentives to promoting an
ecosystems orientation. This process includes exploring issues and alternatives
to provide the Administrator with advice on alternative financial assistance
mechanisms; effective use of environmental review criteria; identification of
opportunities for public input; identification of technical assistance
mechanisms; and assessing opportunities for working effectively with its co-
regulators in the states and Tribes.
The Sustainable Economies Committee will examine the broad issue of
harmonizing economic activity with ecosystem protection, and will complement and
reinforce some of the efforts underway in the President's Council for Sustainable
Development. The work will focus on the economic, social, and political factors
needed to achieve sustainable economies by concentrating its efforts in two
areas: Identifying the limitations of conventional cost-benefit methodologies
used to value natural resources; and identifying accounting tools that decision
makers in industry and the investment community can use to weigh the full
environmental and financial costs of their technological choices and commercial
transactions.
The Information and Assessment Committee will identify opportunities to
maximize environmental benefits from the development of new information
management systems and the Information Highway. Strategies will be developed to
enhance the ability of policy makers to use data and information supporting
ecosystem management, ecosystem restoration, and sustainable development. The
Committee will also identify opportunities for data and information sharing
partnerships with the Agency's many diverse stakeholders to assure compliance and
accountability.
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During 1995, the Office will continue to manage activities of the National
Advisory Committee and the Governmental Advisory Committee which advise the
Administrator, in her capacity as the U.S. Representative to the North American
Commission on Environmental Cooperation, on implementation of the North American
Free Trade Agreement. The Committees consist of representatives of environmental
groups and non-profit entities, business and industry, government agencies, and
educational institutions.
The Office also will continue to manage activities of the Good Neighbor
Environmental Board, established under 7 USC Sec. 5404, which provides advice to
the President and the Congress on the need for environmental and infrastructure
projects along the U.S.-Mexico border. The Board consists of representatives
from U.S. Government agencies, border states, and private organizations
addressing environmental and infrastructure problems along the southwest border.
The Committees meet at least twice annually, in addition to meetings of working
groups and subcommittees. The Good Neighbor Environmental Board is also required
to submit an annual report to the President and the Congress. These advisory
bodies are supporting achievement of several high priority environmental goals
including partnerships , pollution prevention, improved data, compliance assurance
and accountability.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $1,883,900 supported by 14.3
total workyears for this program, of which $1,347,200 was from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation, and $536,700 was from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. The program promoted and supported a wide array
of new, program-specific, Region-specific and Agency-wide initiatives to improve
the implementation of EPA programs through improved information sharing within
and outside the Agency. The program established significant improvements in the
linkage with academic, vocational institutions, special Regional initiatives,
business and industry and other Federal government agencies including state and
local agencies. The program established and maintained networks of environmental
policy experts to assist the Agency in addressing environmental matters. In
addition, this program managed and provided staff support to the Administrator's
National Advisory Council for Environmental Policy and Technology.
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MULTIMEDIA
Analytical Environmental Services
PROGRAM
Analytical
Environmental Services
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED
1994 BUDGET 1995
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$1,697.0 $2,978.2 $2,139.9 $2,139.9
$1,697.0 $2,978.2 $2,139.9 $2,139.9
REQUEST INCREASE
1996 DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
$2,666.3 $526.4
$2,666.3 $526.4
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
-$311.9
-$311.9
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$1,697.0 $2,978.2 $2,139.9 $2,139.9 $2,666.3 $526.4 -$311.9
Analytical TOTAL $1,697.0 $2,978.2 $2,139.9 $2,139.9 $2,666.3
Environmental Services
$526.4 -$311.9
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Analytical
Environmental Services
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Analytical
Environmental Services
TOTAL WORKYEARS
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MULTIMEDIA
Analytical Environmental Services
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,666,300 for Regional Analytical
Environmental Services, all of which will be from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $526,400 from the 1995
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Analytical Environmental Services
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,666,300 for Regional Analytical
Environmental Services, all of which will be from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $526,400 from the 1995
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Regional media programs require technical support for primary field
investigations, compliance monitoring, sample collection and transport,
laboratory analyses, data analysis and evaluation, quality assurance/quality
control oversight, environmental emergencies and Geographical Information
Systems, the national Drinking Water Laboratory Certification Program and
technical assistance to State drinking water laboratories. In order to address
the Agency's good science, enforcement, and environmental monitoring assessment
goals, modern, well-maintained laboratory and field equipment is essential. This
program will fund the laboratory and field equipment necessary to effectively
maintain Agency standards for good science.
Explanation of Change +$526.4K (AC&C)
Additional resources represent a restoration of funds that was reduced from
the 1995 President's Budget as a result of a Congressionally directed reduction.
These resources are needed to replace and repair existing scientific
instrumentation throughout the ten Regional Offices for laboratory, field and
quality assurance activities supporting enforcement, media-program target and
ecosystem studies; and for meeting emerging programmatic needs such as ultra-low
levels metals capabilities and expanded use of field test methods for lower cost
analyses and more real-time results.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,139,900 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This
provides Regional Offices with a centralized budget for laboratory and field
analytical support which is essential to advance the Agency's goal of improved
data and better science. Locally managed analytical support is also vital to the
success of Regional place-based projects.
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1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $1,697,000 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. During
1994, field personnel conducted over 650 air program compliance inspections, 350
hazardous waste management facility compliance and enforcement inspections, and
1,100 water program compliance inspections throughout the United States. Field
personnel also conducted seven joint EPA/State Regional Environmental Monitoring
Assessment Program projects, including assessments of fish tissue contamination
in Maine, assessments of sediment quality in New York/New Jersey Harbor,
characterization of toxic ecosystems in Texas estuaries, and assessments of
aquatic and riparian ecosystems in California's Central Vallejr. Local analytical
support is essential for these projects.
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MULTIMEDIA
Pollution Prevention Activities
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Pollution Prevention
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Pollution Prevention
State Grants
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Office of Pollution
Prevention
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Pollution Prevention
Projects
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Pollution Prevention
Activities
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Pollution Prevention
Office of Pollution
Prevention
$4,891.6 $4,891.6 $4,891.6
$19,119.6 $19,119.6 $19,119.6
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
$8,088.0
$8,088.0
$1,598.3
$744.0
$2,342.3
$1,700.4
$1,700.4
$1,598.3
$10,532.4
$6,000.0
$6,000.0
$1,883.8
$7,011.8
$8,895.6
$2,119.1
$2,119.1
$1,883.8
$15,130.9
$7,100.0
$7,100.0
$1,925.1
$5,978.7
$7,903.8 .
$1,611.9
$1,611.9
$1,925.1
$14,690.6
$7,100.0 $5,999.5
$7,100.0 $5,999.5
$1,924.6
$5,978.7
$7,903.3
$1,611.9
$1,611.9
$24,011.2
$1,924.6 $4,891.6
$14,690.6 $25,119.1
-$1,100.5
-$1,100.5
-$1,924.6
-$5,978.7
-$7,903.3
-$1,611.9
-$1,611.9
$24,011.2
$2,967.0
$10,428.5
-$5
-$5
-$1,883.8
-$7,011.8
-$8,895.6
-$2,119.1
-$2,119.1
$24,011.2
$3,007.8
$9,988.2
TOTAL $12,130.7 $17,014.7 $16,615.7 $16,615.2 $30,010.7 $13,395.5 $12,996.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
23.9
23.9
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
20.8
20.8
62.0
62.0
62.0
-20.8
41.2
62.0
-21.0
41.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Pollution Prevention
Office of Pollution
Prevention
23.9
21.0
21.0
20.8
62.0
62.0
-20.8
62.0
-21.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
23.9
21.0
21.0
20.8
62.0
41.2
41.0
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MULTIMEDIA
Pollution Prevention Activities
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $30,010,700 supported by 62.0 total
workyears for multimedia/pollution prevention in 1996, of which $4,891,600 will
be for the Program and Research Operations appropriation and $25,119,100 will
be for the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents a net
increase of $2,967,000 in the Program and Research Operations appropriation, a
net increase of $10,428,500 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and a net increase of 41.2 total workyears. Changes in this media
are primarily due to the realignment of the budget structure in the Office of
Pollution Prevention and Toxics in which existing resources have been transferred
from the toxics media to multimedia/pollution prevention (+39.2 FTE, +$2,767,100
PRO, +$6,882,600 AC&C). Additional changes result from the redirection of
resources to higher priority Agency activities, and increased workforce costs.
Pollution Prevention
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $24,011,200 and 62.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $4,891,600 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $19,119,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The Pollution Prevention program incorporates activities and
resources previously found in the Office of Pollution Prevention, Pollution
Prevention Projects, New Chemical Review, Existing Chemical, and Emergency
Planning and Community Right to Know program elements. A total of 60.0 total
workyears, $4,691,800 PRO and $14,473,200 AC&C is transferred in, prior to the-
investments and disinvestments proposed for 1996. In addition to the base
resources transferred in from the old program elements, this budget request
includes an increase of $386,000 in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, an increase of $4,646,400 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and an increase of 2.0 total workyears. The increase in workyears
and in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation reflects support for
a new program initiative promoting the use of environmentally preferable products
and the Environmental Technology Initiative. The increase in the Program and
Research Operations appropriation reflects the additional workyears, increased
workforce costs and full funding of the workforce.
One Environmental Protection Agency guiding principle is that pollution
prevention is the first choice in environmental protection. The Pollution
Prevention Act of 1990 requires EPA to develop and carry out a strategy to
advance pollution prevention and source reduction. The Office of Prevention,
Pesticides and Toxic Substances (OPPTS) is the Agency's steward for pollution
prevention and source reduction programs and activities for EPA. OPPTS manages
the Design for the Environment (DfE) program that promotes the building of
pollution prevention into the initial design phase of the manufacturing process.
OPPTS also manages the Source Reduction Review Project that requires the
inclusion of pollution prevention considerations in all regulations developed
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under existing environmental statutes. Outreach activities encourage voluntary
pollution prevention actions by industry, particularly where pollution prevention
may offer a cost-saving incentive.
At the Regional level, pollution prevention project funds support direct
activities in carrying out the program. It supports environmental education,
pollution prevention demonstration projects, technical assistance to small
business, assistance to state and local governments, and promotion of pollution
prevention through existing regulatory programs. Projects cut across all
environmental media, and target prevention activities in energy, agriculture,
and the Federal and consumer sectors.
In 1996, EPA will invest in activities that identify environmentally
preferable products to guide procurement decisions and stimulate markets for
alternate products that are environmentally nonpolluting. This initiative
carries out Executive Order 12873, which requires EPA to issue guidance that
recommends environmentally preferable products criteria that Executive agencies
should use in making procurement decisions. EPA will work with other Federal
agencies and departments to identify the procurement needs for which more
environmentally beneficial products are or may be available. EPA will also
encourage other Federal agencies to procure and use such products whenever and
wherever possible. EPA will also work with industry to identify products that
will meet environmentally preferable criteria, to encourage research in
developing new products, and to publicize to the Federal sector the availability
arid characteristics of such products.
Explanation of Change +2.0 FTE +$386.OK (PRO) +$4,646K (AC&C)
This newly established program element includes all resources formerly
found in the Office of Pollution Prevention, Pollution Prevention Projects,
Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know, and New Chemicals program
elements. In addition, it contains resources for the 33/50 program and the DfE
program, both of which were formerly located in the Existing Chemicals Review
program element. A total of 60.0 workyears, $4,691,800 PRO and $14,473,200 were
transferred in.
An increase in workyears provides additional staff for the environmentally
preferable products initiative. The increase in the Program and Research
Operations appropriation reflects increased workyears , increased workforce costs,
and full funding of the workforce. The increase in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation reflects support for the environmentally preferable
products initiative, and Environmental Technology Initiative/DfE activities.
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These adjustments have been made to base resources which were transferred
into this new program element as a result of the restructuring. Base resources
were transferred as follows:
Office of Pollution Prevention:
Existing Chemicals:
New Chemicals:
EPCRA:
Pollution Prevention Projects:
20.8 FTE, $1,924,600 PRO, $5,978,700 AC&C
24.5 FTE, $1,704,300 PRO, $6,562,600 AC&C
14.7 FTE, $1,062,800 PRO
$ 320,000 AC&C
$1,611,900 AC&C
Total:
60.0 FTE, $4,691,800 PRO, $14,473,200 AC&C
1995 Program
In 1995, resources and activities associated with this program element are
found in the Office of Pollution Prevention, Pollution Prevention Projects,
Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know (EPCRA) , and New Chemicals program
elements. In addition, the 33/50 and the DfE programs are found in the Existing
Chemicals Review program element.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, resources and activities associated with this program element were
found in the Office of Pollution Prevention program element and the Pollution
Prevention Projects program element. In addition, the 33/50 and the DfE programs
were found in the Existing Chemicals Review program element.
Pollution Prevention State Grants
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,999,500 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
a decrease of $1,100,500 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Section 6605 of the Pollution Prevention Act directs EPA to support and
help state environmental programs carry out pollution prevention strategies
developed by the Agency. These pollution prevention state grants respond to this
requirement. In 1996, the Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
(OPPTS) will continue to maintain this state grant program focused on supporting
state pollution prevention demonstration programs.
Explanation of Change -$1,100K (AC&C)
The decrease represents the expiration of a 1995 Congressionally directed
add of $1,100,000 for pollution prevention state grants. The remaining $500
reduction is the result of procurement savings.
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1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $7,100,000, all of which is from the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1995, OPPTS is maintaining a state grant program focused on supporting
state pollution prevention demonstration programs.
Congressional Directives
A total of $1,100,000 is for the Congressionally directed pollution
prevention grants.
'1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $8,088,000, all of which was from
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1994, EPA maintained this grant program to fund state pollution
prevention demonstration programs. The Agency provided support and assistance
to state environmental programs seeking to implement pollution prevention
strategies developed by EPA in response to Congressional directives under section
6605 of the Pollution Prevention Act.
Office of Pollution Prevention
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program. In 1996, this program
element is incorporated in its entirety into the Pollution Prevention program
element.
Explanation of Change 20.8 FTE $1,924.6K (PRO) $5,978.7K (AC&C)
All resources associated with this program element are transferred into the
Pollution Prevention program element as of 1996, and the Office of Pollution
Prevention program element ceases to exist.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of 20.8 workyears and $7,903,300 for this
program, of which $1,924,600 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $5,978,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
EPA emphasizes promoting pollution prevention as the preferred approach to
environmental protection. The Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic
Substances (OPPTS) manages the Source Reduction Review Project, which encourages
pollution prevention in regulatory development under existing environmental
statues. OPPTS also manages DfE projects to promote pollution prevention through
the accounting, insurance and banking professions. Outreach activities encourage
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use of information for promoting voluntary pollution prevention by industries for
whom pollution prevention may offer cost-saving incentives to current management
practices and treatment approaches.
In 1995 OPPTS continues to conduct data analysis supporting policy,
strategy, and program development to expand the use of pollution prevention
throughout Agency programs. Major functions continue to be the support of
Regional and state programs, and managing, evaluating and distributing valuable
information produced through state grants. OPPTS also continues to coordinate
Federal and international activities to promote pollution prevention in other
agencies and to exchange ideas and approaches with other nations.
Congressional Directives
A total of $475,000 is for the Congressionally directed project of
supporting pollution prevention activities at the New Jersey Institute of
Technology.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $2,342,300 supported by 23.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,598,300 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $744,000 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1994, EPA made improvements in the Pollution Prevention Information
Center (PPIC) by focusing the mission of the PPIC, identifying data for inclusion
in the PPIC, and improving marketing and outreach to publicize the availability
of the center. EPA also continued its long-term approach involving
implementation of pollution prevention strategies across major economic sectors,
including the agriculture, energy, consumer and Federal sectors.
Pollution Prevention Projects
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program. In 1996, this program
element is incorporated in its entirety into the Pollution Prevention program
element.
Explanation of Change $1,611.9K (AC&C)
All resources associated with this program element are transferred into the
Pollution Prevention program element as of 1996, and the Pollution Prevention
Projects program element ceases to exist.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $1,611,900 for this program, all of
which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. All resources
are for the Regions.
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The Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 requires EPA to develop and carry out
a strategy to promote source reduction. These Regional pollution prevention
project funds support the effort to make pollution prevention the preferred
approach to environmental practices, and the guiding principle for all EPA
programs. Activities include environmental education, pollution prevention
research and demonstration, technical assistance to and promoting prevention
through existing regulatory and enforcement programs. The projects involve
working with releases into a variety of environmental media, and promoting
prevention approaches in energy, agriculture, the Federal sector and the consumer
sector.
In 1995, EPA continues to provide resources to the Regions for
environmental education and outreach, pollution prevention demonstration
projects, technical assistance to small businesses, and promoting pollution
prevention through existing regulatory programs.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $1,700,400, all of which was from
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1994, activities included environmental education, pollution prevention
research and demonstration projects, technical assistance to small businesses,
support to state and local governments, and promotion of prevention through
existing regulatory and enforcement programs. The projects promoted prevention
approaches in the energy, agriculture, Federal and consumer sectors.
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MULTIMEDIA
Working Capital Fund - Enforcement
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST
1994 BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE 1996
1995 1995
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Working Capital Fund -
Enforcement
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Working Capital Fund - TOTAL
Enforcement
$610.1 $610.1 $610.1
$610.1 $610.1 $610.1
$610.1
$610.1
$610.1
$610.1
$610.1
$610.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Working Capital Fund -
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Working Capital Fund
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
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MULTIMEDIA
Working Capital Fund - Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $610,100 for this program in 1996, all of
which will for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The Working
Capital Fund (WCF) program element is a new program element beginning in 1996.
1996 Program Request
Working Capital Fund - Enforcement
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $610,100 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The Working Capital
Fund - Enforcement (WCF) program element is a new program element beginning in
1996. This program element contains funds formerly carried in the Office of
Administration and Resources Management (OARM) and used to support Multimedia
Program needs. With the creation of a Working Capital Fund in 1996, these
resources are being transferred from OARM, and the Multimedia Program will now
be directly responsible for paying for these services. The request will support
Regional activities.
Base resources will pay for Program postage costs that provide all routine,
day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and include regular First, Third and Fourth Class
mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority mail, registered and certified
mail and pouch mail.
Base dollars will provide on-going data processing and telecommunication
services for this Program. These services are classified into five costs
centers; enterprise computing services, network services, desktop services,
technical consulting services and scientific computing services. Investment
resources will provide the Program's share of depreciation of capital assets,
increased service costs, additional mainframe capacity, investments in network
services and investments in technical consulting services.
Explanation of Change +$610.IK (AC&C)
An increase of a total of $610,100 in the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation is offset by a corresponding decrease in the OARM budget
request. This reflects the creation of the new Working Capital Fund (WCF)
program element.
1995 Program
There were no resources in this program element in 1995. This program
element was created to facilitate implementation of the EPA Working Capital Fund
in 1996.
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1994 Accomplishments
There were no resources in this program element in 1994. This program
element was created to facilitate implementation of the EPA Working Capital Fund
in 1996.
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MULTIMEDIA
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Enforcement Policy &
Operations
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Program & Research
operation - Flood
TOTAL
Criminal Enforcement
Program
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Technical Support
Office of Enforcement
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Federal Facilities
Enforcement
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Sector and Multimedia
Compliance
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Regulatory Enforcement
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Enforcement Capacity
and Outreach
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$25,211.7
$5,219.6
$2.2
$30,433.5
$10,740.0
$1,760.8
$12,500.8
$4,184.4
$2,996.9
$7,181.3
$2,015.5
$1,381.3
$3,396.8
$3,796.9
$1,614.3
$5,411.2
$3,928.7
$563.1
$4,491.8
$722.2
$467.9
$1,190.1
$18,412.5
$326.5
$18,739.0
$15,975.3
$1,663.2
$17,638.5
$5,358.0
$2,544.1
$7,902.1
$2,052.1
$1,751.9
$3,804.0
$10,676.1
$18,047.7
$28,723.8
$11,149.5
$5,865.7
$17,015.2
$1,558.0
$3,611.3
$5,169.3
$18,632.6
$163.7
$18,796.3
$14,215.4
$1,587.4
$15,802.8
$4,981.1
$2,265.5
$7,246.6
$2,128.1
$1,364.6
$3,492.7
$12,170.7
$11,801.6
$23,972.3
$11,389.2
$4,721.2
$16,110.4
$2,171.1
$2,782.1
$4,953.2
$19,142.8
$193.7
$19,336.5
$13,372.9
$1,740.4
$15,113.3
$5,013.8
$2,150.4
$7,164.2
$2,165.4
$1,680.9
$3,846.3
$12,479.6
$11,414.3
$23,893.9
$11,775.4
$5,763.8
$17,539.2
$2,193.0
$3,273.4
$5,466.4
$21,856.3
$326.0
$22,182.3
$19,083.6
$2,727.6
$21,811.2
$5,513.6
$2,838.5
$8,352.1
$2,442.4
$2,062.2
$4,504.6
$14,986.1
$15,000.2
$29,986.3
$12,242.7
$9,225.0
$21,467.7
$2,062.4
$4,634.8
$6,697.2
$2,713.5
$132.3
$2,845.8
$5,710.7
$987.2
$6,697.9
$499.8
$688.1
$1,187.9
$277.0
$381.3
$658.3
$2,506.5
$3,585.9
$6,092.4
$467.3
$3,461.2
$3,928.5
-$130.6
$1,361.4
$1,230.8
$3,443.8
-$5
$3,443.3
$3,108.3
$1,064.4
$4,172.7
$155.6
$294.4
$450.0
$390.3
$310.3
$700.6
$4,310.0
-$3,047.5
$1,262.5
$1,093.2
$3,359.3
$4,452.5
$504.4
$1,023.5
$1,527.9
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MULTIMEDIA
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Waste
Site Remediation
Enforcement
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Pesticide Enforcement
Grants
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$150.4
$12.1
$162.5
$423.7
. $423.7
$526.3
$610.3
$1,136.6
$16,135.8
$16,135.8
$356.1
$440.1
$796.2
$16,135.8
$16,135.8
$357.1
$334.5
$691.6
$16,135.8
$16,135.8
$383.6
$371.2
$754.8
$16,133.6
$16,133.6
$26.5
$36.7
$63.2
-$2.2
-$2.2
-$142.7
-$239.1
-$381.8
-$2.2
-$2.2
Toxic Substance
Enforcement Grants
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$106.7 $4,650.0 $4,150.0 $4,150.0 $6,486.2 $2,336.2 $1,836.2
$106.7 $4,650.0 $4,150.0 $4,150.0 $6,486.2 $2,336.2 $1,836.2
TOTAL:
Program & Research $50,749.8 $65,707.8 $66,044.3 $66,500.0 $78,570.7 $12,070.7 $12,862.9
Operations
Abatement Control and $14,546.4 $55,206.5 $45,412.0 $46,837.2 $59,805.3 $12,968.1 $4,598.8
Compliance
Program & Research $2.2
operation - Flood
Enforcement Policy & TOTAL $65,298.4 $120,914.3 $111,456.3 $113,337.2 $138,376.0 $25,038.8 $17,461.7
Technical Support
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Enforcement Policy &
Operations
Criminal Enforcement
Program
Technical Support
Office of Enforcement
Federal Facilities
Enforcement
Sector and Multimedia
Compliance
Regulatory Enforcement
Enforcement Capacity
and Outreach
Hazardous Waste
Site Remediation
Enforcement
341.1
124.1
67.1
28.6
53.6
53.3
9.5
267.6
182.5
76.2
29.6
150.5
160.3
22.6
272.6
182.5
78.2
29.6
182.0
161.3
22.6
277.2
168.1
83.0
30.4
180.2
153.0
26.4
278.9
206.6
83.9
30.1
193.3
150.7
24.7
1.7
38.5
9
-3
13.1
-2.3
-1.7
11.3
24.1
7.7
5
42.8
-9.6
2.1
2.4
7.8
7.8
5.5
5.6
-2.2
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MULTIMEDIA
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support
Pesticide Enforcement
Grants
Toxic Substance
Enforcement Grants
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Enforcement Policy &
Operations
Criminal Enforcement
Program
Technical Support
Office of Enforcement
Federal Facilities
Enforcement
Sector and Multimedia
Compliance
Regulatory Enforcement
Enforcement Capacity
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE INCREASE
1994 BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE 1996 DECREASE DECREASE
1995 1995 1996 REQ 1996 REQ
VS VS
1995 CE 1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
679.7 897.1 936.6 923.8 973.8 50.0 76.7
364.4 267.6 286.4 291.0 291.8 8 24.2
126.1 182.5 187.7 173.3 211.4 38.1 28.9
69.7 76.2 79.0' 85.4 86.1 7 9.9
28.7 29.6 29.6 30.4 30.1 -3 5
54.1 150.5 184.8 183.0 195.9 12.9 45.4
55.4 160.3 163.6 155.3 152.8 -2.5 -7.5
10.2 22.6 23.2 27.0 25.3 -1.7 2.7
and Outreach
Hazardous Waste
Site Remediation
Enforcement
Pesticide Enforcement
Grants
Toxic Substance
Enforcement Grants
2.6
7.8
7.8
5.5
5.6
-2.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
711.2
897.1
962.1
950.9
999.0
48.1
101.9
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MULTI-MEDIA
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
New Judicial Referrals
EPA Civil
EPA Criminal
Ongoing Civil Judicial Cases
Cases Start of Year
Cases Concluded
Administrative Orders
EPA
Criminal Investigations
New
Start of Year
Defendants Charged
Active Consent Decrees
Civil Judicial
Penalties Assessed
Admin/Civil Judicial
Criminal
ACTUAL
1994
286
220
544
183
3,314
525
514
250
993
$128.5M
$ 36.8M
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
286
226
*
*
3,314
672
666
*
ESTIMATE
1996
286
294
*
*
3,314
874
920
*
INCREASE (+)
DECREASE (-)
1995 vs 1996
+ 68
+202
+254
*
*
*
*
* Future year projections are not made for this data element.
Note: Penalties assessed reflect preliminary estimates only and may change
as more accurate information becomes available.
10-80
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MULTIMEDIA
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $138,376,000 and 999.0 total workyears, of
which $78,570,700 is for the Program and Research Operations appropriation and
$59,805,300 is for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. The
Multimedia program request reflects the completed EPA reorganization of
enforcement resources into the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance.
Regional technical enforcement and compliance resources which were restructured
in the Agency enforcement reorganization are located under the various media
narratives for air, water, pesticides, toxic substances, and hazardous waste.
Enforcement Policy and Operations
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $22,182,300 and 291.8 total workyears.for
the Enforcement Policy and Operations program, of which $21,856,300 is for the
Program and Research Operations appropriation and $326,000 is for the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,713,500
for PRO, an increase of $132,300 for AC&C, and a increase of 0.8 total workyears.
The increases in PRO reflect increased workforce costs. The increases in AC&C
reflect contract support for enforcement case activities and data systems. The
net increase in workyears reflects several shifts in program emphasis in the area
of legal support for the Clean Air Act Amendments, and the Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know-Act (EPCRA). The total request will support Regional
activities.
In 1996, the request for the Enforcement Policy and Operations program will
allow the Agency to continue: 1) implementing regulations and enforcement
strategies for the Clean Air Act (CAA), Clean Water Act (CWA), Safe Drinking
Water Act (SDWA) , Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) , Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA), and Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA); 2) working with Headquarters offices to follow through on enforcement
actions targeted at companies and industries with high levels of non-compliance
which pose the greatest risk to human health and the environment; 3) developing
and participating in national and regional multi-media enforcement initiatives
to protect sensitive ecosystems; 4) working with Headquarters to identify and
address disproportionate impacts of hazardous waste activity on minority and
low-income populations; 5) working with States in identifying enforcement
initiatives; 6) providing legal support to criminal cases; and 7) enforcement
efforts along the Mexican border.
The program will continue responding to non-compliance of environmental
statutes with consistent, timely, and effective enforcement actions. Resources
will be concentrated on administrative enforcement to return violators to
compliance with environmental statutes, on new and ongoing civil judicial
litigation, and on use of integrated, multi-media data to target enforcement
actions. The Regions will emphasize a number of multimedia and/or cross media
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program initiatives (e.g., Great Lakes, Chesapeake Bay, Gulf of Mexico) and
expand implementation of the integrated multi-media enforcement program.
Regional legal staff will continue to focus on enforcement activities in support
of major statutory requirements related to CWA, RCRA, EPCRA, TSCA, CAA, SDWA, and
the reregistration requirements of FIFRA.
Explanation of Change 0.8 FTE +$2,713.5K (PRO) +$132.3K (AC&C)
The net increase in workyears reflects several changes including: a
transfer of 10.0 workyears to this program from the criminal enforcement program
element to provide legal support to criminal enforcement cases; an increase of
5.7 workyears for ensuring enforcement of new regulations related to the Clean
Air Act Amendments; an increase of 3.0 workyears for EPCRA enforcement to focus
on non-reporters; a decrease of 3.9 workyears related to a disinvestment in CFG
enforcement; a decrease of 2.7 workyears related to RCRA 3008A administrative
enforcement; a decrease of 1.8 workyears reflecting a disinvestment in the
Asbestos in Schools program; a disinvestment of 5.5 workyears in overall civil
and administrative enforcement actions due to anticipated efficiencies and the
Administration's efforts to streamline the Federal workforce; and a reduction of
0.9 non-ceiling workyears. The increases in PRO reflect increased workforce
costs. The increases in AC&C reflect contract support for legal enforcement
cases and data systems.
1995 Program Request
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $19,336,500 and 291.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $19,142,800 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $193,700 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The corresponding Headquarters Legal Enforcement staff
are part of both the new Regulatory Enforcement and the Sector and Multimedia
Compliance programs. These programs were created as part of the Agency
enforcement reorganization in 1994.
In 1995, the program is assisting Headquarters with developing civil
judicial policies that ensure nationally consistent application of environmental
statutes. Regional staff are also playing a major role in developing
reauthorization proposals for CWA, SDWA, and RCRA.
Air enforcement is concentrating on the new enforcement provisions of the
1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, including development of procedures for expanded
administrative enforcement authority, stratospheric ozone protection rules and
air toxics reduction requirements. In 1995, RCRA, Toxics, Pesticides, and Water
enforcement efforts are focusing on the following activities: 1) targeting
enforcement actions on industry-specific, pollutant-specific, and/or geographic
areas with sensitive ecosystems (e.g. streams closed to fishing and swimming);
2) assuring compliance with data quality requirements (e.g. data on effectiveness
of sterilants used in medical offices), and the reregistration of pesticides;
and 3) targeting enforcement actions against owners/operators of hazardous waste
facilities (e.g. RCRA illegal operators). New regulations that, enforcement staff
are focusing on include: Acid Rain, Hazardous Organic National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP), Coke Oven NESHAP, and permit
programs requirements.
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1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency allocated a total of $30,433,500 and 364.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $25,213,900 was from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $5,219,600 was from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
In 1994, the program brought a significant number of violators into
compliance. In 1994, there were 430 civil referrals brought, both new and to
enforce existing consent decrees; this was the highest one-year total in EPA's
history. There were also 1,597 administrative actions taken. The Regional
program was primarily responsible for the estimated $128,400,000 in
administrative and civil judicial penalties assessed in 1994 -- another record
high for any single year. Most importantly, an estimated $747,500 was achieved
in commitments to remedy environmental damage, either through injunctive relief
gained or through agreements to perform supplemental environmental projects.
A major multimedia case in 1994 was Marine Shale which involved multiple,
multimedia violations (CWA, CAA, and RCRA) for illegally and improperly
incinerating hazardous waste, causing unpermitted air emissions, and illegally
disposing of waste. The Marine Shale corporation was fined a total of $8,000,000
for violations of Federal environmental laws.
Significant multimedia actions were also brought based upon violations of
single statutes. Under RCRA, the government won a $4,600,000 judgment against
Ekco Housewares, Inc. for its storage and discharge of water contaminated with
two persistent, bioaccumulative and highly toxic metals. RCRA boilers and
industrial furnaces cases in 1994 addressed violations at 23 incinerators and
boiler and industrial furnaces; the ten complaints filed seek over $4,800,00 in
new penalties and the 13 settlement agreements announced recoup over $1,500,000
in penalties.
In the CWA program, action was taken against the DuPont Corporation for
numerous spills of harmful chemicals that resulted in fish kills in two water
bodies. In 1994, DuPont agreed to come into compliance with CWA, pay a cash
penalty of $516,430 for past violations, and undertake a $3,200,000 pollution
prevention supplemental environmental project. This project will result in
eliminating the production of hundreds of pounds per year of hazardous waste
which DuPont currently produces and disposes of through underground injection.
Two settlements were also achieved under the CWA against Sun Company for refinery
discharges of oil, grease, heavy metals, and untreated wastewater; these
discharges fouled two rivers and caused a county's sewer system to violate its
operational permit. The penalties achieved exceeded $2,300,000 and Sun agreed
to specific improvement of its environmental practices.
In 1994, the air regional program settled approximately 135 fuels and
tampering cases, which involved removal or bypassing of emission control devices
on cars. The air program undertook a sector-based approach to enforcement at
stone crushing plants that were violating the CAAA law after inviting the owners
to participate in a voluntary compliance program, which included negotiation of
a compliance schedule and reduced penalties, 51 of the 102 companies invited
volunteered. Although penalties in total exceeded $1,000,000, the significance
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of the effort was the rapid identification of a large number of sources in an
industrial sector and bringing them into compliance.
A major achievement occurred in the TSCA program in 1994 in the settlement
with Tennessee Gas Pipeline and its parent company, Tenneco. The settlement
involved releases of PCBs into the environment at 42 compressor stations along
a pipeline that stretches across nine states. The agreement includes payment of
a $6,400,000 penalty and cleanup of the contamination, at an estimated cost of
over $8,000,000.
In 1994, the program resources also assisted Headquarters in the
development of civil judicial policies that ensured nationally consistent and
appropriate application of the environmental statutes. For example, Regional
resources contributed to two significant RCRA efforts: issuance of a draft
guidance on economic benefit derived from non-compliance and development of the
Bottom-Line Penalty Interim Draft Guidance.
Criminal Enforcement Program
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,811,200 and 211.4 total workyears for
this program, of which $19,083,600 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation (PRO), and $2,727,600 will be for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance (AC&C) appropriation. This represents an increase of $5,710,700
and 38.1 total workyears for PRO and an increase of $987,200 for AC&C. The
increase will allow the Agency to fully comply with the Pollution Prosecution Act
mandate of 200 criminal investigators in 1996. The majority of these program
resources are for field activities, with a small component at Headquarters.
The Criminal Enforcement program will support many of the environmental
goals identified as priorities within the Agency's 1996 budget, including data
integrity, ecosystem protection, clean surface waters and prevention of wastes
and harmful chemical releases. In support of the Administrator's recognition
that integrity and accuracy of data supplied by the regulated community are vital
to the ability of the Agency to carry out its mission, the program will pro-
actively target a number of cases in which false statements, tampering, or
failure to report are suspected, and will work with the Department of Justice to
publicize the filing of any criminal charges which may result. Since many
criminal enforcement cases involve ecosystem contamination or damage, the program
will target the most serious environmental violators contributing to the
degradation of these ecosystems, including the Mississippi River Basin, the Gulf
of Mexico and their contributory waterways. With 35% of the criminal caseload
involving violations of the Clean Water Act (CWA), the program will undertake
several initiatives and joint investigations with other Federal, state and local
law enforcement agencies to ensure clean surface and coastal waters.
The program will also expand the level of criminal enforcement of the Oil
Pollution Act Amendments to the CWA during the next several years. With an
additional 35% of the criminal caseload involving violations of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the program will continue to target for
10-84
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criminal investigation those who knowingly violate RCRA, and will continue to
participate in RCRA enforcement initiatives such as the Illegal Operator
enforcement efforts.
The Criminal Enforcement program has four distinct elements: 1) criminal
investigators, who are stationed primarily in field offices. These special
agents spend approximately 43% of their workyear screening investigative leads,
investigating cases, and pursuing the most egregious criminal offenders; 2)
Headquarters support, which includes program management, investigatory
assistance, administrative and legal support; 3) Regional attorneys, who provide
legal support for investigations, development of referrals, and support for
prosecutions; and 4) Regional technical and NEIC laboratory and technical support
staff, who provide operational field support, scientific expertise, evidence
sampling, data targeting and evidence audit support. The criminal investigators,
Headquarters attorneys, program management and administrative support are
included in this program element; Regional attorneys are included in the
Enforcement Policy and Operations program element; and the Regional technical
NEIC laboratory and technical support are included in various technical
enforcement program elements.
The Criminal Enforcement program will provide a major deterrent to
potential violators of environmental laws,, and criminal sanctions provide a
compelling inducement to potential felons not to pollute the environment. The
Agency's strong Criminal Enforcement program will demonstrate to the regulated
community that serious, knowing violations -- especially those involving the
greatest risk to human health or the environment -- will be targeted for criminal
investigation and will be met with significant sanctions in terms of both fines
and jail sentences. Criminal prosecutions receive great attention among the
regulated community and the press, resulting in both deterrence and increased
public awareness of EPA's regulatory programs and enforcement efforts. The
Criminal Enforcement program will constitute a highly visible and effective
component of EPA's overall enforcement strategy.
In 1996, the program will continue to enforce the criminal provisions of
the environmental laws EPA administers, and will target violators in key
geographic and ecological areas. The resources will maintain the program's
capability to concentrate on transboundary movements of hazardous and toxic
substances (e.g. maquiladora industries located on the Mexican side of the U.S.
border), illegal hazardous waste disposal and management cases, improper fill of
wetlands, and violations of the Clean Air and Water Acts. Special agents will
pursue significant leads of potential criminal violation of environmental
statutes concentrating on those violations involving the greatest risk to human
health or the environment. Special agents will continue to work in close
cooperation with state environmental crimes units, other Federal law enforcement
agencies and the military investigative services, which will effectively multiply
the visibility and deterrence of criminal enforcement in the environmental
protection arena.
The Criminal Enforcement program will target large facilities and major
incidents which require special agents from multiple Regions to provide an
adequate investigative force. The positive publicity and public reaction
generated by criminal cases will continue to create a ripple effect of voluntary
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compliance; i.e., consider U.S. v. M/V Viking Princess ("Operation Overboard"
case where a cruise ship line was fined $500,000 for illegal discharge of oil in
U.S. waters off Florida coast); U.S. v. Craven Laboratories, Inc. et al. (where
16 of 17 defendants were fined approximately $15,726,800 and sentenced to a total
of 127 months imprisonment for scheming to provide EPA with falsified pesticide
residue data for food); and U.S. v. The William Recht, Co.. et al. (where both
Durex and two supervisors were convicted in Florida for dumping toluene into a
dumpster resulting in the death of two nine-year-old children). In addition,
with the Federal Court of Appeals affirming the criminal convictions and
sentences levied by the trial courts, the message to facility operators will be
loud and clear -- "if you pollute illegally, you can go to jail."
The program will continue to focus attention on Federal facilities
enforcement. To date, there have been 43 cases involving Federal facilities, or
contractors at Federal facilities, of which 40 are for non-Superfund violations
(19 alleged RCRA violations). Eleven of these cases are actively being
investigated or awaiting trial. A number of precedent-setting criminal
investigations such as Adak Naval Air Station (defendant sentenced to 10 months
imprisonment for CWA violations) and Aberdeen Proving Grounds have heightened
interest by the Departments of Defense and Energy and other Federal agencies in
meeting environmental standards.
Explanation of Change +38.1 FTE +$5,710.7K (PRO) +$987.2K (AC&C)
An increase of 38.1 workyears, $5,710,700 in PRO, and $987,200 in AC&C will
allow the Agency to hire, train, equip and maintain the full complement of
criminal investigators to meet the requirements of the Pollution Prosecution Act
of 200 criminal investigators in 1996. The workyears are offset by internal
Agency redirections of 3.0 from criminal legal support and 0.4 FTE for the
Agency's Mexican Border pilot program. Specifically, the $987,200 increase in
AC&C will provide for law enforcement vehicles, and associated gas, maintenance-
and upkeep costs, security clearances for the criminal investigators. These
funds will also purchase law enforcement, safety and investigative equipment to
support an effective Criminal Enforcement program. These additional criminal
investigators will pursue potential criminal violations of environmental statutes
concentrating on those violations involving the greatest risk to human health or
the environment.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $15,113,300 supported by 173.3
workyears for this program, of which $13,372,900 is from the Program and Research
Operations (PRO) appropriation, and $1,740,400 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance (AC&C) appropriation. This current operating budget will allow EPA
to meet its Pollution Prosecution Act requirement of having 160 criminal
investigators on-board by September 30, 1995.
The Criminal Enforcement program continues to target the most significant
and egregious violators. Highest priority is given to investigations having the
greatest potential for preventing environmental harm and protecting public
health. In those situations where the risk of harm is so great, immediate and/or
irremediable, the program is cooperating/coordinating with the Agency's civil
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enforcement authorities to seek appropriate injunctive or remedial action. The
program is emphasizing rigorous criminal investigations, particularly with
respect to potential or documented knowing violations of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) , Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) (especially
air toxics strategy), toxics in all media and municipal and pretreatment
compliance. The program is working to improve case management through more
efficient use of investigative resources, and greater accessibility of criminal
investigators to regional staff and Assistant U.S. Attorneys.
Special agents are working in close partnership with state environmental
crime units and other Federal law enforcement agencies by assisting and training
states in building their own criminal enforcement capability. This helps to
limit the need for Federal staff resources and effectively multiplies the
visibility and deterrent message of criminal enforcement of environmental
statutes. In 1995, the Criminal program is improving information access,
technical investigations, and evidence audit support.
In furthering the Agency's priority on international environmental
enforcement and pollution prevention, the program continues to focus resources
on international shipments of waste and hazardous substances. As part of the
program's technology transfer, INTERPOL is adopting a number of environmental
crimes issues including the creation of data bases on recycling sites and
reclamation/disposal facilities which accept waste from foreign nations.
The program is working closely with the media programs to implement the
Guidelines of the U.S. Sentencing Commission for Individual and Organizational
Defendants (primarily corporations) convicted of environmental crimes.
Implementing these guidelines calls for extensive regional program technical
input and coordination to develop recommended conditions of corporate probation
including restitution, remediation and compliance-related relief.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $12,500,800 supported by 126.1
total workyears of which $10,740,000 was from the Program and Research Operations
Appropriation and $1,760,800 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. EPA met the Pollution Prosecution Act requirement that the Agency
have 123 criminal investigators on-board by September 30, 1994.
In 1994, emphasis was placed on rigorous criminal enforcement of knowing
violations of RCRA, air toxic strategy, toxics in all media, and the Clean Water
Act. Priority was given to investigations and cases with the greatest apparent
potential for protecting public health and preventing environmental harm. Less
flagrant violations with lesser environmental consequences were addressed through
administrative or civil monetary penalties and remedial orders.
To maximize its limited criminal resources, the Criminal Enforcement
program developed its Investigative Discretion Guidance, which uses well defined
criminal case-screening criteria and is guided by two general measures --
significant environmental harm and culpable conduct. This criteria distinguishes
cases meriting criminal investigation from those more appropriately pursued under
administrative or civil judicial authorities.
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The Criminal Enforcement program improved state, local and Indian Tribal
capabilities to detect, investigate and prosecute environmental crimes through
training courses provided at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC).
In furthering the Agency's priority for international environmental enforcement
and pollution prevention, the Criminal Enforcement program implemented a new
initiative on criminal enforcement involving international shipments of waste and
hazardous substances.
In 1994, the Criminal Enforcement program continued to establish overall
records for most categories of criminal enforcement activity. There were 525
criminal cases initiated (28% increase), 220 criminal referrals (57% increase),
250 defendants were subject to criminal charges (55% increase), and defendants
were sentenced to 99 years in jail (33% increase). These actions resulted in
$36.8 million in assessed fines and an additional 5,170 hours of community
service. The amount of fines assessed represented a return of $3.40 for every
$1.00 spent by this program in 1994. The criminal enforcement program is unique
in that it provided a positive return on the government's investment.
Technical Support
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,352,100 and 86.1 total workyears for this
program, of which $5,513,600 will be for the Program and Research Operations
(PRO) appropriation and $2,838,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance (AC&C) appropriation. This represents an increase of $499,800 and 0.7
total workyears in PRO and an increase of $688,100 in AC&C. All the resources
for this program are located in a field office at EPA's National Enforcement
Investigations Center (NEIC), Lakewood, Colorado.
In 1996, the Technical Support program will provide a broad range of
technical services to the Agency and the enforcement community in support of the
Agency's goals. It maintains a state-of-the-art environmental forensic
laboratory and sophisticated field, analytical, and investigative capabilities
for conducting complex enforcement investigations.
This program supports several of the Agency's environmental goals
identified as priorities within the 1996 budget request. The multimedia nature
of this program's mission supports many of the Agency's goals. However, the
major goals include Clean Surface Waters, Clean Air, and Prevention of Waste and
Harmful Chemicals. A major part of the Technical Support program's mission will
be to continue to support the Agency's statutory requirements under the Pollution
Prosecution Act (PPA) by providing multi-media and single media technical
expertise to the civil and criminal enforcement programs. In addition, this
program will continue providing the following services to EPA headquarters and
Regions, Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Federal Bureau of Investigations
(FBI), and the states: information analysis and data reviews; field
investigations, including in-depth on-site facility inspections and pollution
impact evaluations; pollution source and process analyses; civil investigator
support; evidence audit support; preparation of enforcement investigation reports
and case support documents; fully defensible evidence meeting all chain-of-
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custody and document control requirements; expert technical testimony; and
analyses on the enforceability of regulations.
The program will provide technical support and leadership in the areas of
enforcement targeting, federal facilities, and Agency initiatives, such as the
Common Sense Initiative, environmental justice and pollution prevention. This
program will work in full partnership with EPA Headquarters, Regions, DOJ, and
the FBI to support the Agency priorities and initiatives.
Explanation of Change +0.7 FTE (FTE) +$499.8K (PRO) +$688.IK (AC&C)
An increase of 0.7 workyear will support the Technical Support multimedia
civil investigation program which is mandated under the Pollution Prosecution
Act. An increase of $499,800 will support a projected salary shortfall for this
program. An increase of $688,100 in AC&C will enhance the Technical Support
program's analytical capabilities for multimedia and single-media investigations
and its support of the Criminal Enforcement program. The AC&C will be used to
replace aging field and laboratory equipment and instruments, and address the
Agency's Material Weakness.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $7,164,200 and 85.4 total workyears,
with $5,013,800 from the Program and Research Operations appropriation and
$2,150,400 from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1995, the EPA Technical Support program (at NEIC) is continuing to
support Agency goals, and emphasize and develop its technical support to both the
civil and criminal enforcement programs. The Technical Support program is
expanding its technical role in criminal enforcement with personnel stationed in
the Criminal Investigation Division (CID) Area Offices in EPA's regions. These
field staff, after initial training at NEIC, provide direct technical assistance
and expertise for regional criminal investigations sponsored by the CID Area
offices. Additional Civil Investigators are being placed in regional offices for
civil case development assistance, including developing evidence to substantiate
violations, locating and interviewing witnesses, and developing ownership and
asset information. The Administrator provided this program with 2 contractor
conversion positions to ensure its computer network and sensitive enforcement
data remain secure, and to develop computer programming to assist with
enforcement functions. A broad range of investigative services continue to be
offered by this program to Headquarters, Regions, DOJ and the FBI.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $7,181,300 supported by 69.7
workyears for this program of which $4,184,400 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $2,996.9 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This program increased its technical support to the
expanding criminal enforcement program. The technical support included: on-site
inspections to collect evidence of facility operations/conditions during the site
discovery phase; analytical laboratory and other technical support to determine
compliance and violations; litigation support services that conform to
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confidentiality and chain-of custody requirements; case development; and factual
and expert testimony.
The program supported 11 multi-media and over 140 other civil
investigations by providing specialized field, technical, and laboratory
services, financial analyses, and information services, case preparations, and
settlement negotiations for all of EPA's environmental statutes. Many of these
cases were precedent-setting or of national priority. The Technical Support
program filled a financial analyst position which supports specific cases where
corporate or personal financial issues become pertinent to settlement or trials.
This work has resulted in bigger penalties and settlements. The Technical
Support program also conducted multimedia compliance investigations at eleven
major facilities including three major federal facilities. These investigations
were directed toward meeting Agency initiatives for multimedia enforcement,
environmental justice, pollution prevention, and federal facility compliance.
The Civil investigator program also played an important role in supporting
regional case development efforts. The Technical Support program prepared
detailed technical reports and documents on its investigations findings for use
by the Regional program offices and headquarters.
Federal Facilities Enforcement
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,504,600 supported by 30.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,442,400 will be for Program and Research Operations
(PRO) appropriation, and $2,062,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance (AC&C) appropriation. This represents an increase of $277,000 in PRO,
a $381,300 increase in AC&C, and a decrease of 0.3 workyears from 1995.
Multi Media Initiative: A key facet of the federal facilities program will
continue to be the focus on integrating Regional media programs to perform multi-
media inspections at Federal facilities and providing technical assistance to
other Federal agency compliance programs. The Federal Facilities Multi-Media
Enforcement/Compliance Initiative (FFMMECI) will result in a minimum of 20 multi-
media inspections annually at major Federal facilities. This initiative enables
EPA, with extensive state participation, to conduct multi-media inspections in
all ten Regions. The Agency expects significant enforcement actions and
penalties as a result of these inspections, and will utilize numerous innovative
approaches and integrated media enforcement actions, including facility pollution
prevention profiles and supplemental environmental projects (SEPs).
Pollution Prevention: In 1993 the President signed Executive Order 12856,
"Federal Compliance with Right-To-Know Laws and Pollution Prevention
Requirements". This Executive Order (E.O.) requires Federal agencies to develop
comprehensive pollution prevention strategies and seek to reduce by 50% their
emissions of toxic chemicals or toxic pollutants by 1999. In addition, Federal
facilities are now required to comply with all provisions of Emergency Planning
and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) and the Pollution Prevention Act (PPA),
including reporting and emergency planning requirements. EPA will be working
with the other Federal agencies to encourage compliance with the Executive Order
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and environmental statutes. The Agency will continue to sponsor the E.O. 12856
Interagency Task Force, which is charged with overseeing E.O. 12856
implementation and coordinating government-wide pollution prevention initiatives .
In 1996, the Agency and the states will continue the collection and
management of Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) data from Federal facilities, as
required by Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) §313. The
Agency will receive data from approximately 500 Federal facilities on their
releases of toxic chemicals and pollutants. The availability of this data will
be used to: 1) facilitate greater community understanding of the environmental
impacts of Federal activities; 2) establish the baseline for achieving the 50%
reduction of toxic pollutants established in E.O. 12856; and 3) assist EPA and
federal agencies in developing facility-specific pollution prevention plans in
1996, as required by E.O. 12856. These plans will be implemented beginning from
1996 through the end of 1999.
The Agency will work with several other EPA offices to finalize a pollution
prevention strategy for the Federal sector. This government-wide strategy builds
upon individual agency strategies submitted under E.O. 12856.
Federal Facilities Compliance Act Implementation: The Federal Facilities
Compliance Act (FFCA) expanded EPA's ability to conduct hazardous waste
inspections and exercise enforcement/penalty authority at federal facilities,
resulting in significantly more inspections and related enforcement actions. The
FFCA requires annual inspections of all 330 Federal treatment, storage and
disposal (TSD) facilities, and lAGs signed with the Defense Department require
EPA to complete FFCA inspection reports within 120 days, which places additional
resource burdens on EPA and State RCRA programs. FFCA inspections are conducted
by EPA Regional offices or authorized states.
Federal Partnership: Successful compliance at Federal facilities requires
that EPA provide effective guidance and information to federal agencies.
Communication and outreach is provided through conferences with other Federal
agency groups such as the EPA/Federal Agency Environmental Roundtable, Federal
Facilities Leadership Council and the Civilian Federal Agency Task Force. EPA
also publishes guidance and information on various environmental issues that are
of concern to the Federal sector and will continue to expand services on its
Federal electronic bulletin board system, which will be initiated in 1995. EPA
Regional offices provide much of the technical assistance and training through
contact with federal facilities in their respective Regions.
The Agency will also be in the first full year of implementation of the
Federal Government Environmental Challenge Program, including the Code of
Environmental Management Principles and the Model Facility Program, as required
by E.O. 12856.
Through the A-106 process, the Agency will also review environmental
projects and funding levels proposed by federal agencies to determine whether
federal agencies have provided adequate funding and prioritized environmental
projects. 1996 represents the first year the A-106 process will be implemented
using a PC-based software program called FEDPLAN-PC, making the overall process
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more efficient, accurate and consistent with actual agency budget submissions and
operating plans.
Enforcement Information Management: the Agency will continue to manage the
implementation of the Federal Facilities Tracking System (FFTS) for PC-based
compliance tracking and enforcement targeting in all media. Building on efforts
in 1995, information will be provided from FFTS to Federal agencies to aid them
in their compliance efforts. A data sharing component will be developed to help
provide direct access to a discrete set of non-sensitive data for other agencies
in order to help resolve data and/or compliance discrepancies in a more
expeditious manner, and to enhance FFTS capability in the Regions.
Innovative Technology: the Agency provides assistance to Federal agencies
to develop and test innovative technologies, including demonstrations at Federal
sites, to meet pollution prevention, compliance and clean-up requirements. 1996
represents the first full year of implementation of an interagency strategy
developed by the Agency and other agencies as a follow-up to the August 1994
policy issued by the EPA Administrator encouraging use of federal facilities as
demonstration and testing centers for innovative technology. Implementation is
being completed through the Environmental Technology Initiative (ETI) and Western
Governors Association, in cooperation with DOD, DOE, DOI and other agencies.
Explanation of Change -0.3 FTE +277.OK (PRO) +$381.3K (AC&C)
The increase of $277,000 in PRO represents increased workforce costs in
1996. The 0.3 workyears reduction reflects the Administration's streamlining of
the federal workforce. The increase of $381,300 in AC&C includes: 1) a base
increase of $425,000 for FFCA-related resources transferred to the Federal
Facilities Enforcement program during the enforcement reorganization; 2) a base
increase of $600,000 for enforcement targeting, related information management
activities and improved FFTS access for the Regions and other Federal agencies;'
and 3) a disinvestment of $627,000 from FFCA groundwater compliance monitoring
activities (the monitoring activities will be completed by the end of 1995) .
The $600,000 base increase for FFTS will: 1) improve enforcement
effectiveness by allowing inspectors to better focus on facilities that pose
greater risk and compliance problems, using information management support in the
targeting process; 2) improve Federal partnership activities by providing better
access to information for Federal agencies and the Regions, thus facilitating
guidance and compliance between Headquarters, Regions and Federal agencies; and
3) enable development of a cross-walk interface with the A-106 FEDPLAN-PC system.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $3,846,300 supported by 30.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,165,400 will be for Program and Research
Operations (PRO) appropriation, and $1,680,900 will be for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance (AC&C) appropriation.
In 1995, the Federal Facilities enforcement program is continuing to
provide guidance and direction to the Regions on the national technical
assistance and multi-media compliance program, emphasizing compliance through the
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multi-media inspection initiative and hazardous waste inspections at Federal
facilities. Special emphasis continues to be placed on providing assistance to
the "smaller" Federal agencies through the Civilian Federal Agency (CFA) Task
Force that was convened in 1993, with emphasis on building capacity for Regional
compliance and enforcement activities involving CFAs. The Agency continues the
Federal Facilities Multi-media Enforcement/Compliance Initiative in 1995, through
which the Regions will conduct over 30 multi-media inspections at Federal
facilities.
The Agency is working with the other Federal agencies to encourage
compliance with Executive Order 12856 and environmental statutes. In 1995, EPA
for the first time, EPA and the States are receiving data from approximately 500
Federal facilities on their releases of toxic chemicals and pollutants through
TRI reporting.
The Agency continues to co-chair, along with OPPTS, the E.O. 12856
Interagency Task Force, which is charged with overseeing E.O. 12856
implementation and coordinating government-wide pollution prevention initiatives .
The Agency continues to manage the implementation of the Federal Facilities
Tracking System (FFTS) for compliance tracking in all media, and begin providing
information from FFTS to Federal agencies to aid them in their compliance efforts
and to expand FFTS capability in the Regions. The Agency plans to initiate
implementation of the Federal Facilities Leadership Exchange (FFLEX), a Federal
agency electronic bulletin board system that provides access to documents and
other information for environmental compliance, prevention and remediation
activities at Federal facilities.
The Agency plans to issue the final version of a guide on environmental
cost accounting and life cycle assessment, which will assist federal facilities
in meeting pollution prevention goals set forth in E.O. 12856, and further a
recommendation of the National Performance Review.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $3,396,800 and utilized 28.7 workyears in
1994, of which $2,015,500 was from the Program and Research Operations (PRO)
appropriation, and $1,381,300 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
(AC&C) appropriation.
1994 was the second year of the Federal Facilities Multi-media
Enforcement/Compliance Initiative. An additional 31 federal facilities were
targeted and evaluated using a multi-media approach. In addition, of 41 multi-
media inspections conducted in 1993, 75 enforcement actions were taken at 31
facilities in 1994. These enforcement actions addressed violations of 9 separate
statutes and proposed a total of $2.1 million in penalties. The Agency also
issued a detailed report on the initiative's 1993 accomplishments.
The Agency continued to implement the Federal Facilities Compliance Act
(FFCA). The FFCA requires EPA or authorized states to conduct annual hazardous
waste inspections at approximately 330 federal treatment, storage and disposal
(TSD) facilities. EPA Regions and the states issued 38 administrative orders and
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proposed penalties totalling over $6.5 million under FFCA/RCRA. The Agency also
established lAGs with the Department of Defense (DOD) and Department of Energy
(DOE) to reimburse EPA for the cost of these inspections. In the first year and
a half since passage of the FFCA, EPA and the states have issued more than 100
orders to federal facilities seeking over $10 million in penalties.
In 1994, the Federal Facilities enforcement program continued to provide
guidance and direction to the Regions on the National technical assistance and
multi-media compliance program. Emphasis was placed on multi-media compliance
and hazardous waste inspections. The federal facilities program also began
implementation of the revised Federal Facilities Tracking System, designed to
provide the Regions data tracking and targeting capability for enforcement.
The program continued to assist the "smaller" Federal agencies through the
Civilian Federal Agency (CFA) Task Force that was convened in 1993, with emphasis
on building capacity for Regional compliance and enforcement activities involving
CFAs. The program completed a draft CFA strategy designed to provide a
comprehensive approach to address environmental compliance problems and issues
common to CFAs.
The Agency issued "Pollution Prevention in the Federal Government" a guide
to assist federal agencies in establishing .pollution prevention strategies in
accordance with E.G. 12856.
Sector & Multimedia Compliance
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $29,986,300 supported by 195.9 total
workyears of which $14,986,100 is for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $15,000,200 is for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,506,500 for PRO, an increase
of $3,585,900 for AC&C and an increase of 12.9 total workyears.
In 1996 the Agency will direct a comprehensive planning and priority
setting process for the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (OECA)
that incorporates national, regional, and state priorities into a national plan
for environmental compliance and enforcement. By analyzing statutory and
regulatory requirements, environmental risks, and compliance patterns by economic
sectors, OECA can target its compliance and enforcement activities using a
multimedia whole-facility approach. The Sector and Multimedia Compliance program
will develop and disseminate strategies which focus compliance and enforcement
activities on commercial and industrial sectors and will expand its state grant
program to incorporate these new strategies. The program will also develop
compliance assistance tools such as outreach programs to the regulated community,
"plain English" guides, inspector or operator training programs in partnership
with the private sector, and compliance assistance centers for targeted
geographic areas and for economic sectors.
In 1996, the program will shift towards sector-based compliance and will
provide technical assistance to the Regions, states and local governments in
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conducting compliance activities both on a media specific and sector basis. The
program will issue the first OECA guidance to the regions on use of state grants
to promote enforcement and compliance assurance objectives in line with the new
emphasis on sector and multimedia approaches.
Media grants to states, tribes and territories will be awarded and managed
in support of compliance and enforcement objectives for Pesticides and Toxics
programs, however, in 1996 these media grants will be expanded to include sector-
based compliance resources. Other media grant programs will continue to be
awarded by the media programs, but the Sector and Multimedia Compliance program
will develop guidance that places an increased emphasis on using these funds to
support the new compliance and sector-based approaches, in addition to the more
traditional enforcement activities.
The program will continue to: establish measures by which to evaluate the
successes of the compliance and enforcement program and to better assess
environmental impacts of new compliance activities; work with media program
offices, other OECA offices and the Regions to develop annual, media-specific and
sector program guidance for activities related to compliance with federal
environmental laws; manage all data related to compliance and enforcement
activities to provide an integrated capability to assess national progress in
meeting compliance goals, and to identify targets for compliance and enforcement
initiatives; and, achieve greater efficiencies for the current media enforcement
programs as well as enhancing our data capabilities for the new sector and
facility-oriented approach. In response to concerns about urban and
disadvantaged populations' exposure to environmental risk, the Agency will
identify high risk urban areas and enforcement strategies for addressing these
areas; participate in rulemaking in 1996, focusing on ways to facilitate
compliance, reporting, and assessment of likely sector, place, and facility
compliance impacts.
In 1996, the program will continue to be a trustee for the Agency's
Environmental Technology Initiative (ETI). The primary focus of ETI is to build
partnerships leveraging public and private resources to promote the development,
commercialization, and use of environmental technologies. Resources will be
allocated among the Federal, state, tribal, private for-profit and non-profit
sectors to create incentives for the development and use of innovative
technologies to meet Federal and state environmental regulations, reduce trade
barriers to innovative technology and improve the competitiveness of the
environmental technology industry in both the domestic and international markets.
Given the nature of the ETI project solicitation process, the precise mix of ETI
projects to be selected and funded by the Agency will be made during the course
of each fiscal year.
The program will continue to maintain the import/export waste tracking
system to monitor the trans-boundary movement of hazardous waste and to provide
training for U.S. and Mexican Customs Officials. It will also work with customs,
the IRS, and the State Department to monitor the importation of CFCs and
investigate evidence of illegal imports.
Regional resources will be used to begin implementing the Compliance
Assistance program and initiating a sector-based multimedia approach in the
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compliance monitoring programs. Regional personnel will provide training for
multimedia compliance and enforcement for specific sectors and assist in the
management of the Compliance Assistance centers and grant programs. Regional
personnel will also manage the new sector-based State Grant Program.
Explanation of Change +12.9 FTE +$2,506.5K (PRO) +$3,585.9K (AC&C)
The investments and disinvestments in the program reflect the shift from
a media-specific approach to compliance to a multimedia sector based approach.
Particular areas of program disinvestment in headquarters activities include
media based compliance monitoring and media based data management. The shifts
in program base resources, the increase in Regional workyears, and the small
increase in the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation reflect the
increased support and emphasis on sector-based Compliance Assistance, data
management, strategic targeting, and state compliance activities. The Sector and
Multimedia Compliance program will develop a holistic approach to compliance that
reflects the new multimedia/sector-based approach of the reorganized compliance
program, and will redirect base resources towards this objective.
In headquarters the program will disinvest 6.0 workyears and $1,184,000
from media-based compliance assistance activities and reinvest $1,000,000 in
sector-based compliance assistance. The program will disinvest 1 workyear and
$701,000 from media-based data management and reinvest the 1 workyear and
$658,000 in sector-based data management. The program will increase sector-based
strategic targeting supporting the Common Sense Initiative by investing 1.0
workyear and $600,000. An additional $1,000,000 will be directed towards sector-
based compliance assistance.
The increase of 19.5 workyears in 1996 for the Regions results from a
redirection of workyears from media enforcement programs to establish a new
multi-media Regional component of this program. The Regional resources will be
used to assist in the pilot sector and multimedia inspection designs already
under development, to begin implementing training for multimedia compliance and
enforcement for specific sectors, and to assist in the management of the new
Compliance Assistance Centers and grant programs.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $23,893,900 supported by 183.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $12,479,600 is for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $11,414,300 is for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. As a result of the reorganization of enforcement
resources, a number of changes have been made to the enforcement function. The
Headquarters resources for the Sector and Multimedia Compliance program were
previously located in multimedia and the pesticides, toxics, air, water, and
solid waste media. The increased FTE level in 1995 includes the conversion of
$445,500 in contract funds to 31.5 FTE as well as the transfer of resources from
the individual program offices to the new Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Assurance.
The program is directing a comprehensive planning and priority process for
the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assistance (OECA) that incorporates
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Regional and state plans and reflects national priorities. It is developing and
disseminating sector strategies for enforcement and compliance activities that
address risk and social, economic and environmental impacts of noncompliance on
a facility-wide basis. The program is developing and promoting innovative
compliance assistance strategies for use by the Regions and states, setting
national enforcement and compliance priorities, and defining and communicating
compliance and enforcement goals for the OECA. Special attention is being
devoted to development of policy to promote environmental management systems,
reviewing policy on auditing and enforcement, and implementation of the
Environmental leadership program.
The program is establishing measures by which to evaluate the successes of
the compliance and enforcement program and to better assess environmental
improvement as the result of compliance and enforcement activities. The program
is implementing systematic reporting of environmental and programmatic impacts
as well as instituting the use of an enforcement activity index for a better
balanced profile of Agency enforcement. In 1995 the program is piloting a case
conclusion data sheet which will provide information to evaluate the
environmental impact of enforcement cases. Headquarters staff continue to work
with program offices, other Agency programs and the Regions to develop annual,
media-specific and sector program guidance for activities related to compliance
with federal environmental laws. In 1995 the enforcement program is continuing
to implement the recommendations of the Enforcement Four-Year Strategic Plan, the
Enforcement in the 1990's study, as well as the requirements for media-specific
strategic plans.
The program is managing all data related to compliance and enforcement
actions to provide integrated assessments of national progress in meeting
compliance goals, and to identify targets, using risk and other factors, for
compliance and enforcement initiatives. In 1995 the program is modifying the
pesticides/toxics data base to track all enforcement aspects of EPCRA and related
violations of CERCLA. The program is continuing to maintain separate media
compliance data systems while initiating their integration into a single
Integrated Data for Enforcement Analysis (IDEA) system to increase efficiency.
The program also executes the Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) compliance program
under FIFRA and TSCA.
In 1995 the program is undertaking further improvements to the quality and
accessibility of data in the Permit Compliance System. This effort supports the
watershed approach by measuring the loadings of toxic pollutants to water bodies
for use in targeting enforcement and permitting priorities in watersheds.
In 1995, the program is beginning to develop a whole facility inspection
approach reflecting the Agency's new multimedia sector orientation. The program
is conducting inspections and providing training to Regional and state inspectors
with emphasis on sector-based multimedia approaches. The program also is
continuing to provide technical assistance to the Regions, states and local
governments in conducting compliance activities both on a media specific and
sector basis, and manages Pesticides and Toxics enforcement grants to states,
tribes and territories.
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In 1995, OECA is a trustee for the Agency's Environmental Technology
Initiative and is dispensing these funds to support projects approved by the
Innovative Technology Council. These funds offer grant assistance to states and
technical assistance to Regions for innovative technology in enforcement
settlements, and for testing of new compliance monitoring technologies.
1994 Program
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $5,411,200 supported by 54.1 total
workyears, of which $3,796,900 was from the Program Research and Operations
appropriation and $1,614,300 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Sector and Multimedia Compliance program developed and promoted
innovative compliance and enforcement strategies for use by the Regions and
states, set national enforcement and compliance priorities, and defined and
communicated compliance goals for the Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Assurance (OECA). It initiated development of a new conceptual framework for
compliance by soliciting input from within and outside the Agency.
In 1994, the program began the development of tools, such as the Memorandum
of Agreement (MOA) process and Compliance Assistance Center pilots, for use by
the Regions, states and/or industry to improve compliance, and established
measures by which to evaluate the successes of the program. Headquarters staff
worked with program offices, other OECA offices and the Regions to develop
annual, media-specific program guidances for activities related to compliance
with federal environmental laws. The program managed all data related to
compliance and enforcement actions to provide integrated enforcement/ compliance
capability to assess national progress in meeting compliance goals, and to
identify targets, using risk and other factors, for compliance and enforcement
initiatives. The Office of Compliance continued to manage the Good Laboratory-
Practices (GLP) compliance program under FIFRA and TSCA.
In 1994, the program implemented many of the recommendations of the
Enforcement Four-Year Strategic Plan, the Enforcement in the 1990's study, and
media-specific strategic plans. Implementation efforts included support for
targeting enforcement actions through Agency-wide data integration. The
Integrated Data for Enforcement Analysis (IDEA) project focused on expanding
analytical enforcement targeting and on geographic initiatives. The development
of sophisticated software was begun to improve the operation of interactive
features of the data base. The office began to assess the nature and decision
of the separate media compliance data systems being transferred from program
aspects as a result of the reorganization.
The program initiated consideration and design of sector and facility-wide
approaches to compliance. Headquarters conducted inspections and provided
training to Regional and state inspectors as well as provided technical
assistance to the Regions, states and local governments in conducting compliance
activities.
The program actively participated in the President's Environmental
Technology Initiative through two efforts: 1) the promotion of enforcement
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settlements involving innovative technology; and, 2) a project that evaluated
alternative multimedia inspection approaches for their potential to be supportive
of innovative technologies. Both projects were recommended by the National
Advisory Committee on Environmental Policy and Technology (NACEPT) as ways the
Agency could become more supportive of technology innovation.
The program provided rulemaking support on and took the lead on the
Enhanced Monitoring Rule in 1994. The office played a key role in implementing
the Agency's Combustion Strategy by developing strategies and guidance for
increasing Agency presence at combustion facilities and for supporting more
aggressive enforcement programs.
The program maintained the import/export waste tracking system to monitor
the transboundary movement of hazardous waste. In an effort that has become
particularly critical with the passage of NAFTA, the office enhanced its efforts
to plan and implement joint enforcement initiatives and activities along the US-
Mexican Border and to provide training for US and Mexican Customs Officials.
Regulatory Enforcement
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,467,700 and 152.8 total workyears for
this program, of which $12,242,700 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $9,225,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $467,300 for Program
and Research Operations, an increase of $3,461,200 for Abatement, Control and
Compliance and a decrease of 2.5 total workyears. The increase in Abatement,
Control and Compliance contract funds support the Reformulated Fuels, Surface
Water Treatment Rule, and Lead enforcement programs while the decrease in
workyears reflects the Administration's efforts to streamline the Federal
workforce and non-ceiling workyear reductions.
The 1996 request will provide resources for this program to protect human
health and the environment through enforcement of the Clean Air Act (CAA) , Clean
Water Act (CWA), the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA), the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA) , the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) , including TSCA Title IV (lead) ,
the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), and the Asbestos
Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA).
In 1996, the Regulatory Enforcement program will support achievement of
several of the Agency goals identified as priorities in the President 's budget
request, particularly ecosystem protection; clean air; prevention of waste and
harmful chemical releases; clean surface waters and safe drinking water. These
environmental goals will be supported through this budget request and will
support and encourage environmental accountability in the regulated community.
The 1996 request will provide the Regulatory Enforcement program with
resources to protect public health and the environment by: providing national
leadership to deter and correct noncompliance; ensuring enforcement consistency
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through the development of national policies; participating in regulation
development to ensure enforceability of new and existing rules; serving as
liaison on enforcement issues with the Regions, states, tribes, the Department
of Justice, the Congress, and other federal agencies and providing legal and
technical assistance to the Regions and states in support of enforcement actions;
managing and developing national civil and administrative enforcement cases;
implementing enforcement initiatives to advance national environmental priorities
and initiate innovative settlement policies which promote pollution prevention,
technological innovation and environmental justice; empowering the Regions and
streamlining the Regional enforcement effort by reducing oversight of case
management activities; and, strengthening coordination with Regions and states
on nationally significant enforcement actions and issues.
The Regulatory Enforcement program will also continue to: implement key
provisions of the CAA, including the 1990 Amendments; ensure the reduction of
toxic air emissions, improved compliance and centralize permitting through the
Operating Permits Program; enforce motor vehicle fuels and emissions rules
through its Mobile Source program; focus on reducing ozone formation through the
use of Reformulated Gasoline in certain cities; and, promote environmental
accountability with drinking water standards through enforcement of the
Underground Injection Control (UIC) program and the Public Water Systems program.
Enforcement efforts for the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES), including Pretreatment and Sludge, will target priority watersheds and
high risk areas such as posted streams. In 1996, an expanded program for
enforcement of the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) will protect the
microbiological quality of drinking water through enforcement of filtration
requirements at public water systems serving predominantly small, rural, and
economically disadvantaged communities.
In 1996, the Regulatory Enforcement program will implement a program to
protect against exposure to lead under Title IV of TSCA. Headquarters will work
with the Regions and states to develop enforcement response policies, regulatory
guidance and monitoring strategies, and to coordinate national activities to
protect disadvantaged communities from exposure to lead. The program will also
enforce lead abatement training requirements under TSCA; and will emphasize the
Worker Protection Standards under FIFRA which ensure protection from exposure to
agricultural pesticides. The Regulatory Enforcement program will also focus on
the Administrator's priority of effectively regulating the burning of hazardous
and solid wastes to reduce disproportionate risks to low-income communities. In
addition, the program under RCRA will continue to focus on high priority
violations, including land disposal facilities whose operations present a risk
to human health and the environment. The multi-media program will continue to
be strengthened to obtain compliance at facilities and in geographic areas with
cross-program violations and problems.
Explanation of Change -2.5 FTE +$467.3K (PRO) +$3,461.2K (AC&C)
An increase of 8.0 workyears and $900,000 in contracts support the
following priorities: reformulated fuels (+6.0 FTE/+$300.0 K), lead enforcement
(+2.0 FTE/+$200 K), and Surface Water Treatment Rule (+$400.0 K). The increase
in the Program Research and Operations appropriations reflect adjustments made
to the pricing of workforce costs.
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As part of the Agency's reorganization of enforcement resources, a total
of 2.5 workyears, and $1,450,000 in contracts for the reformulated Fuels program
and $900,000 for the volatile and diesel fuels programs were transferred into the
Regulatory Enforcement program from the Air and Radiation program.
Ten workyears and $500,000 in contracts were disinvested in the following
programs: Headquarters review of routine Regional judicial referrals and
oversight of settlements (-6.0 FTE/-$200.0 K) and Asbestos-in-Schools and NESHAP
enforcement (-4.0 FTE/-$300.0 K).
Other changes reflect the Agency's internal redirections to support
changing environmental priorities.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $17,539,200 and 155.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $11,775,400 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $5,763,800 is for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Regulatory Enforcement program is continuing to develop and implement
new regulations and enforce against violations under the CAA, CWA, SDWA, RCRA,
FIFRA, TSCA, EPCRA, AHERA, and other statutes. This program is continuing to
ensure the enforceability of rules promulgated under these statutes and pursue
cases and case initiatives that support the Agency's enforcement priorities.
This program is using innovative settlement techniques such as Supplemental
Environmental Projects (SEPs) to promote pollution prevention. The Regulatory
Enforcement program also is implementing and managing the Agency's national
multi-media enforcement program which emphasizes a whole facility and
ecosystem-based approach to enforcement.
The Agency is focusing on high-profile enforcement initiatives, cases of
first impression, and innovative settlements. The Agency is serving as the lead
Agency counsel for cases developed at Headquarters such as acid rain and
stratospheric ozone protection, and for nationally-managed cases such as those
involving corporate-wide noncompliance in several Regions. This year the Agency
is starting the enforcement of the reformulated fuels and anti-dumping
regulations, the gasoline detergent regulations, the volatility regulations, and
the diesel desulfurization regulations.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $4,491,800 and 55.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,928,700 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $563,100 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The resources noted above do not reflect the EPA
Agencywide enforcement reorganization, which was initiated in late 1994.
In 1994, the Agency began to strengthen multimedia and cross program
enforcement efforts. This included enhanced program guidance, improved cross
program communication links, and developing expertise and procedures for planning
and initiation of multimedia approaches and enforcement actions.
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The Agency's Air enforcement program focused resources on 1) fostering
Federal/State partnerships in reviewing State operating permit programs; 2)
enforcement of the new acid rain requirements, with particular focus on
significant violators in non-attainment areas; 3) continuing to ensure
enforceability of new rules, particularly the new air toxics regulations; 4)
continuing implementation of the Field Citation Program; and 5) further
expanding case initiatives involving high risk industries that began with the
Louisiana Pacific initiative. In 1994, the Agency prepared for enforcement of
the Reformulated Gasoline rule and anti-dumping regulations, and the gasoline
detergent regulations; and enforced the volatility regulations, the diesel
desulfurization regulations and the after market converter conversion.
The Agency participated and settled several major enforcement cases and
initiatives for NPDES, SDWA and OPA. The Agency also participated with the
Office of Water in the development of several major policies, such as the
establishment of a priority-based penalty policy for Public Water System
Supervision (PWSS) and a draft Clean Water Act (CWA) penalty policy. The Phase
I Stormwater Enforcement Strategy Policy was issued as well as the Combined Sewer
Overflows (CSOs) policy. The Agency implemented the Agency's Combustion Strategy
by focusing enforcement activity on facilities that burn hazardous wastes (i.e.,
boilers and industrial furnaces and incinerators).
The Agency's toxic substances and pesticides enforcement programs
emphasized creative techniques to maximize deterrence, minimize noncompliance and
correct violations. Headquarters employed a broad array of tools such as
Supplemental Environmental Projects (SEPs) and Compliance Audit Programs (CAPs)
to facilitate a wider range of environmental goals through the Agency's
enforcement actions. National case initiatives addressed violators of the TSCA
Inventory Update Rule (IUR) and FIFRA Good Laboratory Practices.
Enforcement Capacity and Outreach
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,697,200 supported by 25.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,062,400 will be from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation, and $4,634,800 will be from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of $130,600 in the Program
and Research Operations appropriation, an increase of $1,361,400 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and an decrease of 1.7 total
workyears. The increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance funding will
support the enhancement of environmental justice training and
partnership-building activities. The total request support Headquarters
activities.
In 1996, the Agency will continue to support achievement of several of the
Agency's goals, including ecosystem protection, clean and healthy air, water and
people. The program will support these goals with efforts that promote
environmental accountability, environmental justice, and pollution prevention by:
providing meaningful opportunities for non-federal participation in federal
program planning, priority-setting and program operation; clearly communicating
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agency enforcement and compliance expectations; and offering technical assistance
in the form of training in areas of identified need.
The program will continue to make enhanced minority and low-income
community participation in enforcement and compliance assurance activities a
priority in 1996. The program will continue to be the designated lead for
environmental justice in the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance
(OECA) and will ensure that environmental justice concerns are considered at all
levels of enforcement and compliance decision-making. Successful Partnership in
Protection grant projects initiated in 1994 and 1995 will be used as models for
an expanded program in 1996 to promote environmental justice. The Partners in
Protection program involves establishing a working link between OECA, minority
colleges and universities and local environmental justice communities.
The program will ensure that all interested parties are kept informed of
EPA enforcement and compliance activities and that replicable "best practices"
are identified and promoted. Communications products will include materials
describing enforcement and compliance strategies, accomplishments, successful
joint efforts between EPA and various industries, and the most recent and
innovative approaches to enhancing state and tribal capacity. The program will
inform the trade press of enforcement and compliance activities and ensure that
the public and members of Congress and their staffs are kept informed of OECA
initiatives and issues.
As required by the Pollution Prosecution Act of 1990, the National
Enforcement Training Institute (NETI) will continue to provide comprehensive
training in the legislative, regulatory and technical issues essential to
effective enforcement of the Nation's environmental laws. In 1996, NETI and the
four state training associations will train at least 5500 enforcement officials.
These officials will include inspectors, civil and criminal investigators,
technical experts, civil attorneys, and prosecutors. To better meet the needs
of its increasingly broad and diverse audience, NETI will explore innovative and
cost effective alternatives to traditional training approaches such as satellite
training delivery and video-taped presentations.
Explanation of Change -1.7 FTE -$130.6K (PRO) +$1,361.4K (AC&C)
A reduction of 1.7 workyears and $130,600 from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation will be taken primarily from National Enforcement
Training Institute training activities. The Abatement, Control and Compliance
request reflects a net change in funding, including a disinvestment of $50,000
from NETI activities; an investment of $700,000 to expand environmental justice
training efforts; and a $362,200 adjustment to base levels due to the
reorganization.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $5,466,400, supported by 27.0 total
workyears, of which $2,193,000 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $3,273,400 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. In 1995, a major focus for the Enforcement Capacity and Outreach
program is the strengthening of the state/EPA enforcement relationship. The
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program is continuing to participate in the Task Force on Enhancement of State
Capacity and oversees implementation of strategic recommendations of that group.
Areas of particular interest include differential oversight of delegated state
programs and appropriate measures for assessing the success of an enforcement
program.
The Agency is building on the work of 1994 to ensure meaningful
participation of state, tribal, and local enforcement authorities in Agency
strategic planning and priority setting through the operation of a Senior
Environmental Enforcement Forum as well as a network of state, local and tribal
officials. Efforts at communication with and outreach to communities with
environmental justice concerns are being expanded through the recently
established network of environmental justice coordinators within OECA. On the
non-federal front, the Enforcement Capacity and Outreach program is continuing
to support the work of the National Environmental Justice Advisory Council and
to promote minority and low income community participation in enforcement and
compliance assistance activities through the recently initiated Partners in
Protection grant program.
In 1995, the National Enforcement Training Institute is delivering training
at facilities in Denver and Washington, D.C., as well as various on-site
locations. State training is being supported by grants to four state training
associations. In 1995, NETI is also publishing a comprehensive enforcement
training curriculum. To enhance the quality of its training programs, NETI is
developing a plan for selecting and training NETI faculty at the federal, state
and local levels.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $1,190,100 supported by 10.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $722,200 was from the Program and Research1
Operations appropriation and $467,900 was from the Abatement Control and
Compliance appropriation. This program element was not established until June
of 1994 as part of the Office of Enforcement reorganization. Consequently, the
totals reflect approximately one fiscal quarter of activity.
In 1994, the program expanded the role of NETI. The statutory mission of
NETI is to train federal, state and local lawyers, inspectors, civil and criminal
investigators and technical experts in the enforcement of the Nation's
environmental laws. To improve the effectiveness of training outreach and
delivery, NETI identified training liaisons in each office and region to assist
in needs assessment, curriculum development and delivery of training. Efforts
commenced to establish a NETI headquarters training facility as part of the
Agency's physical consolidation at the new Ariel Rios location.
In addition, the program participated in the Task Force on Enhancement of
State Capacity and co-chaired a workgroup to assess the effectiveness of the
State/EPA enforcement relationship. Based on the findings of these groups and
recommendation of other OECA components, new mechanisms were designed to enhance
EPA and state, local and tribal relations.
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Communication with and outreach to communities with environmental justice
concerns was also an area of major emphasis. Here, the program established a
network of environmental justice coordinators within the Office of Enforcement
and Compliance Assurance, provided support to the National Environmental Justice
Advisory Council, and initiated the Partners In Protection initiative, a pilot
grant program designed to provide more opportunities for minority and low-income
community participation in Agency enforcement and compliance monitoring
activities.
Hazardous Waste Site Remediation Enforcement
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $754,800 and 5.6 total workyears for this
program, of which $383,600 will be for the Program and Research Operations, and
$371,200 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $26,500 in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, an increase of $36,700 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation and an increase of 0.1 total workyears. The increase in the
Program and Research Operations appropriation reflects increased workforce costs,
the increase in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation and total
workyears reflect resources for facility stabilization and for property
redevelopment through the Brownfields initiative.
This program request is for Headquarters activities which support
Regional activities in the area of RCRA Corrective Action. Headquarters
resources will provide overall compliance and enforcement direction to Regions
and states. RCRA corrective action resources are located in the Hazardous Waste
Management, Regulatory Strategies Implementation program.
In 1996, the Hazardous Waste Site Remediation program at Headquarters will:
1) respond to threats to human health or the environment from releases of solid
wastes, hazardous wastes, or hazardous constituents; 2) provide national program
guidance to the Regions and states; 3) direct, oversee and evaluate program
efforts; 4) provide implementation support to Regions and States for RCRA
corrective actions; 5) and direct the Regions and support the states in expanding
states' enforcement capabilities and efforts.
In 1996, the RCRA corrective action inspection guidance will be
implemented. Headquarters resources will provide enforcement support to the
Regions and states as they implement corrective action measures to stabilize
facilities and implement long term remedial activities.
Explanation of Change +0.1 FTE +$26.5K (PRO) +$36.7K (AC&C)
The increase of 0.1 workyears and $36,700 reflect redirections of
Headquarters resources to address facility stabilization, and property
redevelopment through the Brownfields initiative. The increase of $26,500 in
Program and Research Operations reflect increased workforce costs.
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1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $691,600 and 5.5 total workyears for
this program, of which $357,100 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $334,500 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1995, this program is continuing to provide legal and technical
enforcement support and oversight for the corrective action program. The 1995
priority for the program is facility stabilization. To ensure national
consistency, Headquarters is continuing to review Nationally significant remedy
selections and facility stabilization actions, and provide guidance and policy
directives to the Regions. In addition, Headquarters is completing its
evaluation of regional programs, and is providing specific recommendations to the
Regions to improve their programs and their consistency with national program
goals. Additional corrective action training is being provided to Regions and
states to ensure proper selection of remedies,
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $162,500 supported by 2.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $150,400 was from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $12,100 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Resource levels reflected in 1994, are only a portion of
resources transferred from the Hazardous Waste Management, Regulatory Strategies
Implementation program to the Hazardous Waste Site Remediation Enforcement
program in the Agency's enforcement reorganization.
In 1994, technical enforcement support and oversight activities were
focused on completing facility assessments and prioritizing facilities for
corrective action. Headquarters participated in developing policy and guidance
for the Regions (e.g., Hazardous Waste Identication Rule). Headquarters also
developed the corrective action inspection guidance which will be implemented in
1996.
Pesticides Enforcement Grants
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,133,600 for this program in 1996, all
of which will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This
represents a decrease of $2,200 from 1995. These funds are requested in a
Headquarters program element but will be used to support Regional activities in
the states.
The .states, through the cooperative agreement enforcement program, will
continue to be the primary means for enforcing the requirements of the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). The enforcement grants
program will continue to support the FIFRA program in all current participating
states, territories, and Indian Nations. Cooperative agreement participants
together conduct more than 60,000 inspections annually. In 1996, Compliance
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monitoring, will continue to ensure enforcement of worker protection
requirements, the Pesticides in Groundwater Strategy, as well as other pesticide
initiatives.
The Pesticides Use Reduction initiative, established in 1995, will continue
to utilize the expertise of state personnel to conduct inspections and monitor
compliance in pilot states. The program will again target high-risk areas to
achieve the Administration's goal of reduced pesticides use. A combination of
Federal and state compliance activities will be used to promote pesticide use
reduction, use of safer pesticides, and alternatives to chemical control.
The Administration will propose legislation to include this grant program
in the Performance Partnerships Initiative. A state could elect to consolidate
this and other categorical media grants into one or more multimedia or single
media grants. The state (or where applicable tribe) could then target its most
pressing environmental problems and use the performance partnership grant for a
number of activities including pollution control, abatement and enforcement.
This program will not compromise basic national objectives and legislative
requirements.
Explanation of Change -$2.2K (AC&C)
A reduction of $2,200 reflects a minor recalculation in this program's 1996
budget request.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $16,135,800 for this program, all of
which will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance.
In 1995, the Agency is continuing pesticides cooperative enforcement
agreements with 56 participating states and territories, and 12 agreements with
Indian Tribes and tribal organizations. The pesticides cooperative enforcement
agreement program continues to be the primary means for ensuring public and
environmental safety from hazardous pesticides by enforcing the requirements of
the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).
State activities are continuing to include pesticide producer establishment
and marketplace inspections, applicator license and record inspections, dealer
record inspections, and agricultural and non-agricultural use inspections.
States are promoting reduced pesticides use, use of safer pesticides, and
alternatives to chemical control. States are implementing worker protection
enforcement activities under state implementation plans and states management
plans to reduce pesticides in groundwater.
In 1995, resources are being redirected to support the Administration's
goal of pesticide use reduction. State inspection and case development
activities are being reduced to allow States to concentrate on this program which
has greater potential for risk reduction. States are combining inspections and
FIFRA compliance activities, emphasizing specific groups of users, producers and
growers with the greatest potential for reduced pesticide use.
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1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency was obligated a total of $423,700 for this program, all
of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
Pesticides Enforcement Grants program element was created during the Agency's
enforcement reorganization and is located in the Multimedia media portion of the
budget. An additional total of $15,700,900 was obligated in 1994 for Pesticides
enforcement grants located in the Pesticides media portion of the budget.
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,486,200 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $2,336,200 all in the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. These funds are requested in a Headquarters program
element but will be used to support Regional activities in the states.
The cooperative compliance/enforcement agreement program will provide
direct funding to states and tribes to conduct compliance inspections and
compliance assurance activities under section 6 of the Toxic Substances Control
Act (TSCA).
In 1996, the program will allow States with cooperative agreements to begin
to operate comprehensive compliance monitoring programs that are multi-media in
nature and use whole facility and sector approaches. With the increased
cooperation of the states these extra funds afford, the Agency will realize a
much greater level of compliance coverage than could be supported by current
Federal staffing levels and current state grants.
While a portion of the program's resources in 1996 will operate under the
authority of TSCA, they will support a new multimedia, sector-based compliance
monitoring grant under these environmental statutes: Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA); Clean Water Act (CWA) Resource
Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA); Clean Air Act (CAA); Safe Drinking Water Act
(SDWA); and Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA). These
authorities in combination will be used to conduct cross-media enforcement
compliance activities directed at specific industries and/or economic sectors.
This approach relieves the Agency of having to maintain a large national
inspection and compliance outreach workforce.
The base cooperative agreement program will support state toxics-specific
inspection activities addressing high risk involving exposure to and/or
mishandling of asbestos in public and commercial buildings, as well as high risk
situations resulting from noncompliance with PCB requirements.
EPA will work in partnership with States on developing comprehensive TSCA
authorities for case development and for new lead enforcement regulations. -The
recently enacted Title IV of TSCA, controlling lead-based paint, will further
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encourage and support states in establishing enforcement programs to implement
the act and prevent exposure to lead in children and the general public.
Explanation of Change +2.336.2K (AC&C)
An increase of $2,336,200 in the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation will expand the Agency's sector-based approach to compliance
assistance and compliance monitoring.
1995 PROGRAM
The Agency allocated a total of $ 4,150,000 for this program, all for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1995, 35 states and one Indian Tribe are participating in the toxic
substances cooperative enforcement agreement program. In 1995, inspections
conducted by states in lower risk areas are being reduced to increase State
activity in the lead-based paint enforcement program under Title IV of TSCA
(States are facing a statutory deadline of April 1996 to establish Title IV
enforcement programs). This new emphasis .reflects the program's continuing
commitment to building state capabilities in toxics enforcement and to using risk
to set priorities.
In 1995, an area of reduced emphasis is state PCB and asbestos in schools
inspections, as the asbestos program refocuses on public and commercial
buildings. Also in 1995, states continue to receive EPA guidance and direction
to develop comprehensive TSCA authorities for case development. The Agency is
providing 1995 resources to states to develop TSCA legislative authorities for
enhancing enforcement within and across media. These resources also enable
improved screening capabilities for data on cross-media violators.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $106,700 for this program, all of
which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This Toxic
Substances program element was created during the Agency's enforcement
reorganization and is located in the Multimedia portion of the budget. An
additional total of $5,101,300 was obligated in 1994, for Toxic Substances
enforcement grants located in the Toxic Substances media portion of the budget.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
MISSION AND POLICY MANAGEMENT
Mission and Policy Management 11-7
Mission and Policy Management - Research and Development ... 11-11
Mission and Policy Management - Enforcement 11-13
Mission and Policy Management - Solid Waste
and Emergency Response 11-14
Mission and Policy Management - General Counsel 11-15
Mission and Policy Management - Air and Radiation 11-16
Mission and Policy Management - Inspector General 11-17
Mission and Policy Management - Water 11-18
Mission and Policy Management - International Activities . . . 11-21
Mission and Policy Management - Policy, Planning & Evaluation . 11-21
Mission and Policy Management - Administration and Resources
Management 11-23
Mission and Policy Management - Prevention, Pesticides
and Toxic Substances 11-24
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices 11-27
National Environmental and Training Education Foundation . . . 11-31
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization .... 11-32
Risk Assessment Management Commission 11-33
Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs 11-34
Office of Communications, Education, and Public Affairs .... 11-35
Office of Executive Support 11-37
Office of Regional Operations and State/Local Relations . . . . 11-38
Immediate Office of the Administrator 11-40
Administrator's Representation Fund 11-41
Office of Civil Rights 11-42
Science Advisory Board . 11-44
Office of Administrative Law Judges 11-45
Office of Executive Secretariat ' 11-47
Office of Administration and Resources Management 11-49
Financial Management - Headquarters 11-52
Office of the Comptroller 11-53
Office of Environmental Justice 11-55
Human Resources Management 11-56
Organization and Health Services 11-58
Contracts and Grants Management - Headquarters 11-59
Facilities Management and Services 11-61
Information Systems and Services 11-62
Office of General Counsel 11-67
Office of General Counsel 11-68
Office of the Inspector General 11-71
Office of the Inspector General 11-72
Office of International Activities 11-77
Commission on Environmental Cooperation 11-78
Office of International Activities 11-79
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 11-83
Office of Policy Analysis 11-84
Office of Regulatory Management and Evaluation 11-91
Office of Strategic Planning & Environmental Data 11-94
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REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management 11-99
Resource Management - Regions . 11-101
Contracts and Grants Management - Regions 11-102
Regional Counsel 11-103
Regional Management 11-104
Planning, Evaluation and Analysis - Regions 11-105
Financial Management - Regions 11-107
Human Resources Management - Regions 11-108
Administrative Management - Regions . 11-109
Working Capital Fund - OARM 11-111
Working Capital Fund - OARM 11-112
SUPPORT COST
Support Costs 11-113
Laboratory Support - Pesticides and Toxic Substances 11-116
Lab Support - Air and Radiation 11-117
Professional Training 11-117
Nationwide Support Services ...... 11-119
Headquarters Support Services 11-120
Regional Support Services 11-122
Automated Data Processing Support Costs 11-123
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APPROPRIATION
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Program & Research
operation - Flood
Office of Inspector
General
Reimbursements
TOTAL,
FIFRA Revolving Fund
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
$216,206.6 $237,857.6 $236,383.0 $235,673.4 $259,000.8 $23,327.4 $21,143.2
$336,262.1 $401,427.3 $388,511.8 $387,482.7 $391,819.0 $4,336.3 -$9,608.3
$35.4
$25,666.9 $28,970.3 $28,523.0 $28,523.0 $33,050.0 $4,527.0 $4,079.7
$578,171.0 $668,255.2 $653,417.8 $651,679.1 $683,869.8 $32,190.7 $15,614.6
$2,705.5
$2,365.0
-$2,365.0
3,258.5 3,464.1 3,591.4 3,552.0 3,564.2
3,388.9 3,464.1 3,907.1 3,867.2 3,850.0
12.2 100.1
-17.2 385.9
$553,711.9 $644,076.3 $634,234.7 $621,763.2 $646,407.6 $24,644.4 $2,331.3
Authorization is by virtue of the Appropriation Act.
11-1
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APPROPRIATION
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Program & Research
operation - Flood
Office of Inspector
General
Reimbursements
TOTAL,
FIFRA Revolving Fund
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
DIFFERENCE
PRES. CURRENT
BUDGET ENACTED ESTIMATE
1995 1995 1995
ENACTED VS
PRES. BUD
EST. VS
PRES. BUD
EST. VS
ENACTED
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$237,857.6 $236,383.0 $235,673.4 -$1,474.6 -$2,184.2 -$709.6
$401,427.3 $388,511.8 $387,482.7 -$12,915.5 -$13,944.6 -$1,029.1
$28,970.3 $28,523.0 $28,523.0 -$447.3 -$447.3
$668,255.2 $653,417.8 $651,679.1 -$14,837.4 -$16,576.1 -$1,738.7
3,464.1
3,464.1
3,591.4
3,907.1
$2,365.0
3,552.0
3,867.2
$2,365.0 $2,365.0
127.3
443.0
87.9
403.1
-39.4
-39.9
The following points list the major reasons that the dollars devoted to this media have changed from
submission of the President's FY 1995 Budget Request to the FY 1995 Current Estimate.
PROGRAM AND RESEARCH OPERATIONS
o Redirections reflect Administrator's priorities.
ABATEMENT. CONTROL AND COMPLIANCE
o Appropriation changes were made to implement Congressional directives.
o Redirections reflect Administrator's priorities.
INSPECTOR GENERAL
o Appropriation changes were made to implement Congressional directives.
11-2
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Management and Support provides executive direction and policy oversight
for all Agency programs, as well as those administrative and support services
that are not assigned to a specific program. We will continue our efforts to
provide quality legal services, promote technically and economically defensible
regulatory and policy alternatives, enhance the public's perception and
understanding of the Agency's goals, manage for environmental results, and pursue
a focused human resources management effort to build a skilled career
environmental workforce.
The major components of this medium are Mission and Policy Management,
Agency Management, Regional Management, and Support Costs.
Mission and Policy Management includes policy development, program
development and oversight, and the associated management activities for each of
the Agency's major offices. These include the Offices of Air and Radiation,
Water, Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, International Activities, General
Counsel, Inspector General, Research and Development, Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Administration and Resources Management, Prevention, Pesticides and
Toxic Substances, and Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Agency Management includes Agency-wide management functions and policy
activities.
Policy direction and external affairs in Headquarters are the primary
functions of the Administrator, the Deputy Administrator, and the Associate
Administrators for Regional Operations and State/Local Relations, Congressional
and Legislative Affairs, and Communications, Education and Public Affairs. In
addition, essential policy and administrative support is provided by the
Administrator's staff offices which include the Immediate Office, Executive
Support, Administrative Law Judges, Civil Rights, Science Advisory Board,
Pollution Prevention Policy, Environmental Appeals Board, Executive Secretariat,
and Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization.
International Activities coordinates the international efforts of EPA
through the following components: the International Cooperation Division, the
International Issues Division, and the Program Operations Division.
Policy, Planning and Evaluation is organized into the following components:
Mission and Policy Management; the Office of Policy Analysis; the Office of
Regulatory Management and Evaluation; and the Office of Strategic Planning and
Environmental Data.
Legal services are for litigation and counseling, and are provided to
Agency programs by the General Counsel in Headquarters and by a Regional Counsel
in each Regional office. The Office of General Counsel (OGC) provides legal
services to the Administrator and Agency managers. OGC, in cooperation with the
Department of Justice, represents the Agency in all legal matters in which the
Agency is a defendant . Additionally, OGC reviews proposed actions, decisions,
11-3
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and regulations to assure that they are legally defensible.
Inspector General activities include audits and investigations of Agency
activities to promote economy, efficiency and effectiveness, and to prevent and
detect fraud, waste, and abuse in EPA programs and operations.
Administration and Resources Management provides management activities in
Headquarters, as well as administrative services to all program operations
located in Cincinnati, Ohio and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The
office has several major components: Comptroller; Facilities Management;
Financial Management; Organization and Health Services; Contracts and Grants
Management; Information Systems and Services; Environmental Justice; and Human
Resources Management.
Regional Management includes management and administrative functions
performed in each Regional office. The regional elements cover the Regional and
Deputy Regional Administrators, their immediate staffs, and Regional staff for
public affairs, congressional and intergovernmental relations, and civil rights.
Other activities include budget development and execution, preparation of
Regional operating plans, legal services, program evaluation, financial and
personnel management, information management, administration of Freedom of
Information Requests, and facilities and property management.
Support Costs include the costs of general support services for all Agency
programs. These costs represent:
Office and building services, such as library services, commercial
telephone use, printing and copying, utilities, security, ADP technical support
and custodial and maintenance services for programs located at Headquarters,
Research Triangle Park, and Cincinnati;
Nationwide costs, such as facility rental costs, Federal Telecommunications
System (FTS) charges, unemployment and workmen's compensation, and health and
safety costs for all Agency programs in all locations, and, until 1996,
centralized data processing and U.S. Postal Services charges.
Office and building services for laboratories and field stations operated
by the Office of Air and Radiation, Research and Development, and Pesticides and
Toxic Substances.
Common services in Regional offices, such as supplies and equipment,
commercial telephones, printing, facilities operations and maintenance, library
services, and mini-computer operations.
FY 1996 Program Highlights
In 1996, the Office of Administration and Resources Management (OARM) will
continue to focus on streamlining and re-engineering fundamental services such
as human resources management, financial resources management, contract and grant
management, and information resources management. These efforts will allow OARM
to hold steady or reduce the level of workforce in virtually every program.
11-4
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One example of OARM's commitment to embrace innovative approaches will be
the implementation of a Working Capital Fund (WCF) in 1996. This concept was a
recommendation which came out of the National Performance Review (NPR) . The WCF
is designed to finance basic Agency-wide services in a more efficient and cost
effective manner. Activities to be included in the WCF in 1996 will be the
Agency's Postage and the National Data Processing Center's services at Research
Triangle Park (RTP), North Carolina. This includes the Agency's computer
services (including the Supercomputer at Bay City, Michigan), data information
services, and telecommunication services. The initiation of the WCF will allow
EPA to provide administrative services in a more business-like manner, similar
to the practices of most large private corporations.
The Agency Management and Support budget request covers Headquarters and
Regional activities, including:
The Administrator, Associate Administrators, and Staff Offices, which will
support Freedom of Information Act requests in both Headquarters and the Regions.
In addition, they will support a stronger Civil Rights Compliance program, better
enforcement through increased hearings by Administrative Law Judges and the
Environmental Appeals Board, better science through the Science Advisory Board
and the Office of Cooperative Environmental Management, better doctrine through
the Office of Environmental Education and implementation of a strategic
environmental education and public outreach plan, better assistance to small and
disadvantaged businesses and small communities, and improved Pollution Prevention
Policy.
The Office of International Activities (OIA), will play a primary role in
advising the Administrator on international environmental issues and will
exercise lead responsibility within EPA for devising strategies to advance the
U.S. positions in international forum. OIA will expand and strengthen its
multilateral presence in the U.N. system, will refocus strategic bilateral
activities with an emphasis on technical assistance and strengthening
environmental management capabilities, and will augment its activities in Eastern
Europe. It will continue to manage, direct, and evaluate a full gamut of
bilateral activities in countries such as Canada, the republics of the former
Soviet Union and developing nations, and will continue to participate actively
in cross-cutting international issues dealing with global climate change,
technology transfer, sustainable development, marine pollution, and technical
cooperation and capacity building. OIA is the National Program Manager for the
Mexican Border program and will also spearhead efforts to implement Environmental
Technology Initiative with U.S. TIES.
The Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation (OPPE) will lead significant
efforts to improve science in the areas of economic analysis, ecological and
human health risk assessment, and data enhancement. OPPE will analyze the
economic and environmental effects of regulations, policies, programs, and
legislation by working to ensure that environmental hazards and risks are
consistently managed across Agency programs and the Federal government by
employing a multimedia approach. OPPE will promote the Common Sense Initiative
through a sector-based approach and move the Agency and its partners towards a
place-based environmental protection program. OPPE will continue to develop and
analyze alternative policy approaches to achieve the Agency's strategic
11-5
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objectives In ways consistent with long-running economic and environmental
trends. They will analyze the effects of energy, agriculture, transportation,
and forestry policies on the environment and develop Agency positions on these
issues. The development of partnerships with other Federal agencies, states,
localities, and tribes will be fostered to achieve EPA's policy goals, building
on established relationships in energy and transportation. OPPE will work to
integrate environmental protection and economic growth; propose new initiatives
in innovative technology and electronic data interchange; and assess the linkages
between international trade, competitiveness and environmental policy options.
As the Agency lead for the Environmental Technology Initiative, OPPE aims
to strengthen the environmental security and economic standing of the United
States in the world marketplace. OPPE will analyze economic and regulatory
barriers and incentives to the development, commercialization, and trade in
environmental technology. To support the President's National Climate Change
Action Plan, OPPE will bolster its greenhouse gas emission reduction programs and
develop strategies and technical assistance programs to assist businesses and
states and local governments in identifying profitable opportunities to invest
in energy efficiency.
Working with OARM and other parts of the Agency, OPPE will implement the
Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA). Emphasis will be placed on
strengthening the Agency's data management systems for reporting on progress on
the basis of environmental results; and supporting and guiding the implementation
of EPA's Five-Year Information Resource Management Strategic Plan.
The Office of General Counsel and the Offices of Regional Counsel will
focus on implementing Clean Water Act Revisions, FOIA, OIA support and SIP
revisions.
The Office of Inspector General (OIG) will continue focusing attention and
resources on internal performance audits and audits and investigations of EPA's
management of extramural resources and contractors. Performance audits result
in recommendations that significantly improve the economy, efficiency, and
effectiveness of Agency programs, ensuring that EPA achieves the maximum
environmental benefits with available resources. Audits and investigations of
the Agency's extramural resources reduce the risk of loss of funds, and lead to
return of dollars to the Treasury. In addition, the OIG will continue to audit
EPA's Construction Grants and the States' Revolving Funds. These audits not only
Improve the delivery of wastewater management services, but result in a return
of resources for every dollar invested. OIG will provide a balanced and
sustained audit presence and serve as a force for quality in conducting financial
audits in all major programs to strengthen internal controls and the integrity
of financial data. The OIG will continue to emphasize fraud investigations in
areas of proven vulnerability such as procurement and the contract laboratories
program through its procurement fraud unit. These investigations represent a
potent enforcement effort and deterrent, resulting in prosecutive and
administrative actions, as well as fines and recoveries. The OIG will continue
to provide management of the Agency's personnel security program and a program
of fraud prevention and detection to encourage Agency managers to identify and
reduce the risk of loss of Agency resources, and comply with the requirements of
the Chief Financial Officer Act.
11-6
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
MISSION AND POLICY MANAGEMENT
Mission and Policy Management 11-7
Mission and Policy Management - Research and Development . . . 11-11
Mission and Policy Management - Enforcement 11-13
Mission and Policy Management - Solid Waste
and Emergency Response 11-14
Mission and Policy Management - General Counsel 11-15
Mission and Policy Management - Air and Radiation 11-16
Mission and Policy Management - Inspector General 11-17
Mission and Policy Management - Water 11-18
Mission and Policy Management - International Activities . . . 11-21
Mission and Policy Management - Policy, Planning & Evaluation . 11-21
Mission and Policy Management - Administration and Resources
Management 11-23
Mission and Policy Management - Prevention, Pesticides
and Toxic Substances 11-24
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MISSION AND POLICY MANAGEMENT
Mission and Policy Management
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Mission and Policy -
Research & Development
Program & Research
Operations
TOTAL
Mission and Policy -
Enforcement
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Mission and Policy -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Mission and Policy -
General Counsel
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Mission and Policy -
Air And Radiation
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Mission and Policy -
Office of Inspector
Office of Inspector
General
TOTAL
Mission and Policy -
Water
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$6,218.7
$6,218.7
$1,433.3
$613.8
$2,047.1
$2,641.1
$32.3
$2,673.4
$805.5
$805.5
$4,181.6
$1,588.8
$5,770.4
$3,439.5
$968.2
$4,407.7
$6,744.1
$6,744.1
$1,957.1
$421.8
$2,378.9
$2,542.7
$180.8
$2,723.5
$895.0
$10.0
$905.0
$3,901.0
$402.3
$4,303.3
$1,611.4
$1,611.4
$4,298.9
$1,322.0
$5,620.9
$7,262.0
$7,262.0
$2,183.4
$1,323.5
$3,506.9
$2,304.8
$159.5
$2,464.3
$839.4
$839.4
$4,136.8
$386.4
$4,523.2
$1,588.9
$1,588.9
$4,010.0
$1,152.4
$5,162.4
$7,225.6
$7,225.6
$2,423.4
$1,358.9
$3,782.3
$2,374.5
$169.5
$2,544.0
$839.2
$839.2
$4,120.4
$359.6
$4,480.0
$1,588.9
$1,588.9
$3,999.0
$1,143.0
$5,142.0
$7,985.2
$7,985.2
$2,068.1
$4,067.2
$6,135.3
$2,773.0
$248.0
$3,021.0
$895.0
$895.0
$4,397.0
$403.2
$4,800.2
$2,183.5
$2,183.5
$4,390.3
$1,654.9
$6,045.2
$759.6
$759.6
-$355.3
$2,708.3
$2,353.0
$398.5
$78.5
$477.0
$55.8
$55.8
$276.6
$43.6
$320.2
$594.6
$594.6
$391.3
$511.9
$903.2
$1,241.1
$1,241.1
$111.0
$3,645.4
$3,756.4
$230.3
$67.2
$297.5
-$10.0
-$10.0
$496.0
$9
$496.9
$572.1
$572.1
$91.4
$332.9
$424.3
11-7
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MISSION AND POLICY MANAGEMENT
Mission and Policy Management
ACTUAL
1994
Mission and Policy
Management - Office of
International
Activities
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
PRES. ENACTED CURRENT
BUDGET
1995
(DOLLARS
$673.0
$26.7
$699.7
1995 ESTIMATE
1995
IN THOUSANDS)
$584.1 $583.9
$584.1 $583.9
REQUEST
1996
$674.7
$29.9
$704.6
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
$90.8
$29.9
$120.7
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
$1.7
$3.2
$4.9
Mission and Policy -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compli ance
TOTAL
$1,314.1 $3,091.3 $2,728.0 $1,769.2 $3,569.0 $1,799.8 $477.7
$103.4 $102.5 $133.1 $133.1 $11,808.6 $11,675.5 $11,706.1
$1,417.5 $3,193.8 $2,861.1 $1,902.3 $15,377.6 $13,475.3 $12,183.8
Mission and Policy-
Administration and
Resource Management
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$3,611.9 $3,016.5 $2,037.5 $2,026.4 $3,056.4 $1,030.0 $39.9
$955.0 $122.1 $55.4 $55.3 $71.7 $16.4 -$50.4
TOTAL $4,566.9 $3,138.6 $2,092.9 $2,081.7 $3,128.1 $1,046.4 -$10.5
Mission and Policy -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Office of Inspector
General
$3,312.4 $3,340.4 $3,564.7 $3,553.6 $3,853.1 $299.5 $512.7
SZ38.1 $322.5 $360.7 $348.3 $302.7 -$45.6 -$19.8
$3,550.5 $3,662.9 $3,925.4 $3,901.9 $4,155.8 $253.9 $492.9
$26,958.1 $30,460.0 $29,650.7 $28,915.2 $33,661.8 $4,746.6 $3,201.8
$4,499.6 $2,910.7 $3,571.0 $3,567.7 $18,586.2 $15,018.5 $15,675.5
$1,611.4 $1,588.9 $1,588.9 $2,183.5 $594.6 $572.1
Mission and Policy TOTAL $31,457.7 $34,982.1 $34,810.6 $34,071.8 $54,431.5 $20,359.7 $19,449.4
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Mission and Policy -
Research & Development
Mission and Policy -
Enforcement
79.4
18.2
93.6
27.6
93.6
27.6
92.2
29.9
93.6
26.0
1.4
-3.9
-1.6
11-8
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MISSION AND POLICY MANAGEMENT
Mission and Policy Management
Mission and Policy -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
Mission and Policy -
General Counsel
Mission and Policy -
Air And Radiation
Mission and Policy -
Office of Inspector
Mission and Policy -
Water
Mission and Policy
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE INCREASE
1994 BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE 1996 DECREASE DECREASE
1995 1995 1996 REQ 1996 REQ
VS VS
1995 CE 1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
31.9 25.4 25.4 25.7 26.4 7 1.0
13.3 10.5 10.5 10.4 10.5 1
45.7 47.4 49.4 48.9 48.4 -5 1.0
20.0 20.0 19.8 20.0 2
46.2 49.8 50.8 50.2 50.3 1 5
8.0 8.0 7.9 8.0 1
Management - Office of
International
Activities
Mission and Policy -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation
Mission and Policy-
Administration and
Resource Management
Mission and Policy -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
16.6 36.4 37.4 24.5 44.4 19.9
38.7 20.7 20.7 20.4 20.7
38.2 40.8 40.8 40.3 40.8
328.2 380.2 384.2 370.2 389.1 18.9
8.0
8.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Mission and Policy -
Research & Development
Mission and Policy -
Enforcement
Mission and Policy -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
Mission and Policy -
General Counsel
Mission and Policy -
Air And Radiation
Mission and Policy -
Office of Inspector
83.4
18.5
34.4
14.4
47.6
93.6
27.6
25.4
10.5
47.4
20.0
163.6
27.6
27.4
10.5
51.5
20.0
162.2
31.0
27.7
10.4
49.9
19.8
158.5
27.0
28.3
10.5
49.3
20.0
-3.7
-4.0
6
1
-6
2
64.9
-6
2.9
1.9
11-9
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MISSION AND POLICY MANAGEMENT
Mission and Policy Management
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Mission and Policy -
Water
Mission and Policy
Management - Office of
International
Activities
Mission and Policy -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation
Mission and Policy-
Administration and
Resource Management
Mission and Policy -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
TOTAL UORKYEARS
46.3
49.8 56.0 55.4 55.1
-3
5.3
8.0
8.0
7.9
17.4 36.4 37.4 24.5
8.0
44.4
41.7 20.7 57.0 56.7 54.4
40.9 40.8 41.3 40.3 40.8
344.6 380.2 500.3 485.8 496.3
19.9
8.0
-2.3 33.7
10.5 116.1
11-10
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
MISSION AND POLICY MANAGEMENT
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $54,431,500 and 496.3 total workyears in
1996. Of this request, $33,661,800 will be for the Program and Operations
Research Operations appropriation, $18,586,200 will be for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation and $2,183,500 will be for the Office of Inspector
General appropriation. This represents an increase of $4,746,600 and 10.5 total
workyears in the Program and Research Operations appropriation, an increase of
$15,018,500 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and an
increase of $594,600 in the Inspector General appropriation.
Mission and Policy Management - Research and Development
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,985,200 and 158.5 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $759,600 and an decrease of 3.7 workyears from 1995. The
request of $7,985,200 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $7,225,600 and 162.2 total workyears
for this program element, of which all is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $6,218,700 and 83.4 total workyears for
this program element, of which all was from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation.
Research Issues
The Office of Research and Development (ORD) strives to improve the
scientific and technological bases for EPA's environmental protection actions;
to exert national leadership in environmental science and engineering; and to
provide expert scientific and technical advice and problem solving for the
Agency. ORD personnel work with our partners to protect human health and
ecosystems, using the best available science. ORD promotes and values innovative
and effective solutions to environmental problems so as to achieve a productive
and sustainable use of natural resources on which all life and human activity
depend.
This program provides the Assistant Administrator for ORD (AA/ORD) with the
resources and expertise necessary for providing policy direction, strategic
planning, resource management, budgetary and administrative oversight, and other
support. In addition, this program provides the internal control policies and
11-11
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procedures for creating more effective operations within ORD. The major goal of
this program is to improve the human and information resource management
functions supporting environmental protection research.
1996 Budget Request
This program will provide the quality scientific research support necessary
for policy decision-makers to improve and preserve the environment, both within
this country and throughout the world.
The Agency requests a total of $7,985,200 and 158.5 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $759,600 and an decrease of 3.7 workyears from 1995. The
request of $7,985,200 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation.
This program will provide policy and resources guidance, direction, and
support to the Office of Research and Development's (ORD) programs to ensure the
effective coordination of diverse research programs and administrative management
services. These activities include: the development of ORD's budget management
policy; ORD-wide automated data processing services; coordination of research
activities, and operational and administrative support services required at the
co-located laboratories in Cincinnati, Ohio and Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina; liaison to EPA Regions, OMB, Congress and other Federal Agencies;
operation and enhancement of ORD's information systems to support research
program planning and management accountability; and performance of other program
management activities (e.g., facilities planning and management, and management
and evaluation studies required for ORD).
In addition, ORD non-ceiling workyears supporting scientific research
activities being performed at our laboratories are included in this program
'element. These workyears include the following functions: Stay-in-School (SIS)
employees; Federal Junior Fellows; Cooperative Education Program employees; and
Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA) employees.
Explanation of Change -3.7 FTE +$759.6 K (PRO)
The additional compensation and benefits, and travel resources are required
to fully fund the ORD's workyears in the Mission and Policy Management Program
Element. Workyear reductions are part of the Administration's streamlining
efforts.
1995 Budget
The Mission and Policy Management program element is providing overall
direction, policy guidance, management analysis, liaison activities, budgeting,
and general administrative support for ORD.
1994 Accomplishments
Resources provided for the overall policy direction and guidance to the
management programs , management analyses , liaison activities , strategic planning,
acquisition policy and budget formulation, program planning and analysis, Freedom
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of Information Act coordination, ensuring compliance with Agency audit
recommendations, special analyses for senior management, review of organization
and consolidation issues, internal control reporting, and general administrative
support services for ORD.
Mission and Policy Management - Enforcement
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,135,300 and 27.0 total workyears for this
program, of which $2,068,100 will be for the Program and Research Operations
(PRO) appropriation and $4,067,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance (AC&C) appropriation. This represents a reduction of $355,300 and 4.0
workyears for PRO, and an increase of $2,708,300 for AC&C. The decrease in
workyears reflects savings from the enforcement reorganization by decentralizing
the human resources function. The increase in AC&C will support the Agency's
effort to decentralize the Working Capital Fund (e.g., funding for postage,
telecommunications, and mainframe computer support).
In 1996, the program will continue executive direction and management
support in the areas of administrative support services, planning, budgeting,
financial management, and information management systems support to the offices
of OECA. Included in this request are resources related to the Agency's new
Working Capital Fund (WCF), including postage costs for all routine and
specialized U. S. Postal Services, Federal Express overnight mail and United
Parcel shipments. The increase will provide for annualization of the February
1995 postal rate increase of 10.3%.
In 1996, OECA base dollars will provide on-going data processing and
telecommunication services for the enforcement and compliance program. These
services are classified by the WCF into five cost centers; Enterprise Computing
Services, Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical Consulting Services and
Scientific Computing Services. Investment resources will provide the Program's
share of depreciation of capital assets, increased service costs, additional
mainframe capacity, investments in network services and investments in technical
consulting services. In 1996 the program will invest in improved Local Area
Network services to connect staff in four different building locations in
Headquarters and with the Regional offices.
Explanation of Change -4.0 FTE -$355.3 K (PRO) +$2,708.3 K (AC&C)
The increase in AC&C reflects the Agency's effort to decentralize the
Working Capital Fund (e.g., funding for postage, telecommunications, and
mainframe computer support). A reduction in workyears reflect savings from the
enforcement reorganization by decentralizing the human resources function.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,782,300 and 31.0 total
workyears, of which $2,423,400 is in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $1,358,900 is in the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
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The program is providing executive direction and management support for the
entire Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, which in 1995 is the
largest program within EPA Headquarters. The management and support services
provided include: administrative support, planning, budgeting, financial
management, personnel, and information management. The planning and budgeting
functions cover the enforcement and compliance program in the field and regional
offices as well. In 1995, this program is completing resource allocations
resulting from the Agency's enforcement reorganization. This program is also
providing guidance and structure for OECA's implementation of the Government
Performance and Results Act (GPRA). The program received one contractor
conversion position to support data entry activities.
1994 Accomplishments
The Mission and Policy Management program obligated a total of $2,047,100
supported by 18.5 total workyears, of which $1,433,300 was from PRO and $613,800
was from AC&C.
The program provided program direction, planning, and management including
basic managerial support in the areas of personnel, budget formulation and
execution, and communications to all components of OECA. Emphasis was placed on
implementing the enforcement reorganization by identifying transferring program
functions and associated resources, expanding the local area network for an
additional 500 people, and creating new enforcement offices that would use state-
of-the-art targeting approaches to ensure compliance with the nation's
environmental laws.
Mission and Policy Management - Solid Waste and Emergency Response
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,021,000 supported by 28.3 total
workyears, of which $2,773,000 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $248,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $398,500 in Program and Research
Operations, $78,500 in Abatement, Control and Compliance, and 0.6 workyear. The
increase in Program and Research Operations reflects government-wide payroll
increases and salary needs associated with the workyear increase. The increase
in AC&C funds supports ongoing streamlining initiatives in the Assistant
Administrator's office.
The requested resources will allow the Agency to maintain an effective
administrative and programmatic management team within the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response (OSWER). These resources will provide for the full array
of policy analysis and regulatory development activities; public liaison
functions; resource and contracts management; strategic program planning;
information management; and other essential support activities for OSWER
programs.
Explanation of Change +0.6 FTE +$398.5K (PRO) +$78.5K (AC&C) '
The increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance funds and the 0.6 FTE
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will help support the National Performance Review Permits Task Force and other
streamlining efforts.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,544,000 supported by 27.7
total workyears, of which $2,374,500 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $169,500 is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation. This level of resources provides for a wide range of support from
the OSWER management team to the Regions, the program offices, and the Agency.
OSWER program management activities include the review of policy recommendations
and proposed regulations; integration of program planning and resource
management; program planning; information management; property management; and
other essential administrative support.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $2,673,400 supported by 34.4 total
workyears-, of which $2,641,100 was from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $32,300 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation. OSWER program management activities included support of policy
and regulation development, Agency and OSWER strategic planning, program goals
and measurements development, operating budget preparation, and provisions of
personnel, financial, administrative, contracts, and information management
support to the OSWER program offices.
Mission and Policy Management - General Counsel
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $895,000 and 10.5 total workyears for this
program, all of which will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and none will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $55,800 for Program and Research
Operations, and an increase of 0.1 in total workyears. The increase in funds
reflects increased personnel cost.
This program element will provide senior program direction, regional
coordination, and management support resources for the Office of General Counsel
(OGC). These activities will include the planning management, budgeting,
financial management, personnel and administrative services to the OGC, and the
budgeting, planning, and other services to the counselling function in the
Offices of the Regional Counsel.
Explanation of Change +0.1 FTE +$55.8K (PRO)
There is an increase of $55,800 and 0.1 total workyears for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation. The increase in funds reflects increased
personnel cost.
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1995 Program
In FY 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $839,200 supported by 10.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation.
This program element will provide senior program direction, regional
coordination, and management support resources for the Office of General Counsel
(OGC). These activities will include the planning management, budgeting,
financial management, personnel and administrative services to the OGC, and the
budgeting, planning, and other services to the counselling function in the
Offices of the Regional Counsel.
1994 Accomplishments
In FY 1994 the Agency obligated a total of $805 ,'500 supported by 14.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation.
Activities focused on providing planning, analytical support, budgeting,
financial management, and administrative services for the OGC.
Mission and Policy Management- Air and Radiation
FY 1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,800,200 supported by 49.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,397,000 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $403,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $276,600 for Program
and Research Operations funding for increased workforce costs, an increase of
$43,600 in Abatement, Control and Compliance funding and a decrease of 0.6
workyears.
In 1996, this program will provide management support for implementation
of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, the Indoor Radon Abatement Act, the
Atomic Energy Act, the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act, and the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act and for development of major
policies and decisions related to these Acts. Key activities include: executive
management, strategic planning, program planning and analysis, resource
management, acquisition policy and budget formulation. The program also provides
administrative support to Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) components.
Explanation of Change -0.6 FTE + $276.6 K (PRO) + $43.6 K (AC&C)
The $276,600 increase in the Program and Research Operations appropriation
reflects increased workforce costs.
1995 Program
In 1995 the Agency is allocating a total of $4,480,000 supported by 49.9
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total workyears for this program, of which $4,120,400 is from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $359,600 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This program provides management support for
implementation of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, the Indoor Radon
Abatement Act, the Atomic Energy Act, the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control
Act, and the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act. Key activities
include: executive management, strategic planning, program planning and
analysis, resource management, acquisition policy and budget formulation.
1994 Program
In 1994 the Agency allocated a total of $5,770,400 for this program
supported by 47.6 total workyears, of which $4,181,600 was from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $1,588,800 was from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. The program provided executive management, program
planning and analysis, and budget and administrative support to OAR offices.
Mission and Policy Management - Inspector General
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,183,500 and 20.0 total workyears for this
program, all of which will be for the OIG appropriation. This represents an
increase of $594,600 and an increase of 0.2 total workyears from 1995. The
increase of $594,600 will be used to fully fund the workyears and the OIG initial
share of $476,000 in the EPA Working Capital Fund. This is the first year
resources have been requested separately for the Working Capital Fund by the OIG.
In previous years, funds to support these services were requested as part of the
Office of Administration and Resources Management General program element.
This program will continue to provide mission and policy management at a
high level of leadership and support which promotes the most economical,
efficient, and effective application and administration of OIG resources. This
program will also seek ways of promoting greater workforce diversity and
development, and improving OIG value to the Agency and Congress through more
effective communications. This program includes the immediate Office of the
Inspector General and management support for the OIG's Headquarters and field
components. The support includes budget formulation and execution, preparation
of the OIG's semiannual reports to Congress in accordance with requirements of
the Inspector General Act, administrative and personnel services, training,
coordination of government streamlining and Total Quality Management activities,
strategic planning, communications, acquisition, administrative policy
development and coordination, responding to Freedom of Information Act and
Privacy Act requests, property management, implementation of the affirmative
action program, and files management.
The OIG initial investment in the EPA Working Capital Fund will support
program postage costs that provide all routine, day to day U.S. Postal Services
and includes regular first, third and fourth class mail, Post Office Express
Mail, two day priority mail, registered mail and pouch mail, Federal Express
overnight mail and United Parcel Service shipments.
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The OIG initial investment in the EPA Working Capital Fund will also
support program costs for on-go ing data processing and telecommunications
services including: Enterprise Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop
Services, Technical Consulting Services and Scientific Computing Services.
Investment resources will provide the program's share of depreciation of capital
assets and additional computing capacity.
Explanation of Change +.2 FTE +$594.6 K (OIG)
The Agency is requesting a 0.2 increase in the number of total workyears
and an increase of $594,600 in FY 1996 for the mission and policy program of the
Office of Inspector General Appropriation, including the OIG portion of the EPA
Working Capital Fund. Specifically, we request an increase of $118,600 to fully
fund our workyears, and an increase of $476,000 to fund the OIG portion of the
EPA Working Capital Fund.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $1,588,900 and 19.8 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the OIG appropriation to fully fund the
workyears. This program includes the immediate Office of the Inspector General
and management support for the OIG's Headquarters and field components. The
support includes budget formulation and execution, the OIG's semiannual reports
to Congress in accordance with requirements of the Inspector General Act,
administrative and personnel services, training, coordination of government
streamlining and Total Quality Management activities, strategic planning,
communications, space, acquisition and administrative policy and coordination,
responding to Freedom of Information Act and Privacy Act requests, property
management, the affirmative action program, and files management.
In 1995, resources for the Working Capital Fund portion of this program'
were included in the EPA Office Administration and Resource Management General
program element.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, resources for this program were included in the program element -
Office of the Inspector General and funded through the Inspector General
appropriation.
Mission and Policy Management - Water
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,045,200 and 55.1 total workyears for this
program, of which $4,390,300 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $1,654,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $391,300 in the Program and
Research Operations, an increase of $511,900 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance and a decrease of 0.3 total workyears. The entire request is for
Headquarters activities. The increase in Program and Research Operations
reflects increased personnel costs and provides travel funds for the Agency's
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Common Sense Initiative. The decrease in total workyears reflects a reduction
in policy and management support functions and the increase in Abatement Control
and Compliance represents a transfer of funds from the Office of Administration
and Resources Management to support the Working Capital Fund.
The 1996 request will continue to support development of national policy
and implementation of the national regulatory programs for the Office of Water's
(OW) authorizing statutes. Specifically, these resources are to review and
analyze legislative initiatives and program policies; provide management
direction to organizations performing OW functions; and manage national strategic
planning for water programs, with particular support to Agency geographic
initiatives for cross-media regulatory control risk analysis and improved
environmental results management. The staff will also provide liaison with other
Executive and outside agencies; manage the OW portion of the Agency operating
guidance and accountability system and regional evaluations; develop OW program
plans and budgets for implementation of Agency policies and programs; and track
budget expenditures. In addition, staff will provide quality control of
regulations produced by OW; administrative management; monitoring and evaluation
of program performance; and management of human resources. The program will
support the Office of the Administrator in developing communications strategies
and outreach activities related to the Great Lakes and Gulf of Mexico programs,
U.S./Mexican border and the Safe Drinking Water Act. The program will also
support development of a simplified and innovative approach to regulations and
incorporating new technologies.
Base resources pay for Program postage costs that provide all routine, day-
to-day U.S. Postal Services and include regular First, Third and Fourth Class
mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority mail, registered and certified
mail and pouch mail.
Base dollars provide on-going data processing and telecommunication
services for this Program. These services are classified into five costs
centers; Enterprise Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop Services,
Technical Consulting Services and Scientific Computing Services. Investment
resources will provide the Program's share of Depreciation of Capital Assets,
Increased Service Costs, Additional Mainframe Capacity, Investments in Network
Services and Investments in Technical Consulting Services.
Explanation of Change -0.3 FTE +391.3 K (PRO) +$511.9 K (AC&C)
The net decrease of 0.3 workyears results from a reduction of 1.3 workyears
in policy and management support functions and an increase of 1.0 workyear for
the Administrator's Common Sense Initiative. The program will support
identification and implementation of environmental management solutions that
provide greater environmental benefits at reduced compliance costs. The increase
in Program, Research, and Operations reflects increased personnel costs. The
increase in Abatement Control and Compliance reflects a shift of resources from
the Office of Administration and Resources Management to support a portion of the
Working Capital Fund expenses for this program.
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1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $5,142,000 and 55.4 total workyears for
this program, of which $3,999,000 is from the Program Research and Operations
appropriation and $1,143,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
This program supports the Assistant Administrator (AA) and staff, who
perform a variety of management functions. These include program and management
guidance including long-range planning; ensuring consistency among OW program
offices and Regions; serving as liaison with other Agency programs, Executive and
Legislative branches, states and private organizations. The AA and staff also
manage the budget development and evaluation of program plans; ensure effective
management of headquarters and regional programs; and review policy
recommendations and proposed regulations.
Major activities include continued implementation of the Clean Water Act
and work on its reauthorization; the Safe Drinking Water Act and work on its
reauthorization; Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act; the Marine
Plastic Pollution Research Control Act; the Ocean Dumping Ban Act; the Great
Lakes Critical Programs Act; the Coastal Zone Act and its Reauthorization
Amendments; and the North American Free Trade Agreement.
This program also supports coordination of .water program information
management activities and strategies for issues that cross water and other
program lines (e.g., municipal sludge management, toxics in surface and ground
water); and expansion of human resources development activities. The program
supports development of economic analyses of water programs arid initiates use of
market-based approaches.
.1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $4,407,700 supported by 46.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,439,500 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $968,200 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The program supported development of national policy and implementation of
the national regulatory programs for the Office of Water's authorizing statutes.
Specifically, these resources were used to review and analyze legislative
initiatives and program policies; provided management direction to organizations
performing OW functions; and managed national strategic planning for water
programs, with particular support to Agency geographic initiatives for cross-
media regulatory control, risk analysis, and improved environmental results
management. The staff also performs as liaison with other Executive and outside
agencies; managed the OW portion of the Agency operating guidance and
accountability system and Regional evaluations; developed OW program plans and
budgets for implementation of Agency policies and programs; tracked budget
expenditures and supported grant and contract management activities. In
addition, staff provided quality control of regulations produced by the OW;
administrative management; monitoring and evaluation of program performance; and
managed human resources. The program supported the Office of the Administrator
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in developing communications strategies and outreach activities related to the
Great Lakes and Gulf of Mexico programs, Mexican Border, Rio and the Safe
Drinking Water Act.
Mission and Policy Management - International Activities
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $704,600 and 8.0 total workyears for 1996,
an increase of $120,700 from 1995. Of the request, $674,700 will be for Program
and Research Operations, and $29,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $90,800 in the Program
and Research Operations appropriation, and an increase of $29,900 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The increase in Program and
Research Operations reflects the full funding of our FTEs. The increase in
Abatement, Control and Compliance is related to office support costs.
These resources will allow OIA to provide: strategic planning, policy
analysis, coordination of international activities, public/private and
international liaison functions. This will also support the decision-making
functions relating to planning, budgeting, and financial management.
Explanation of Change +0.1 FTE, +$90.8 K (PRO), +$29.9 K (AC&C)
The increase in Program and Research Operations reflects the full funding
of our FTEs. The increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance will help support
the effective management of OIA.
1995 Program
The Agency requests a total of $583,900 and 7.9 total workyears for 1995.
This is a new Program Element in FY 1995 and FY 1994 resources are shown under
the Office of International Activities Program Element. Of the request, $583,900
will be for Program and Research Operations appropriation.
OIA will continue to maintain an effective management team coordinating the
programs of the Office of International Activities. This includes: strategic
planning, policy analysis, coordination of international activities,
public/private and international liaison functions. This will also support the
decision-making functions relating to planning, budgeting, and financial
management.
1994 Accomplishments
FY 1994 resources are shown under the Office of International Activities
Program Element.
Mission and Policy Management - Policy. Planning and Evaluation
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,377,600 supported by 44.4 total
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workyears for this program, of which $3,569,000 will be for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $11,808,600 will be for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,799,800
and 19.9 total workyears for Program and Research Operations, and an increase of
$11,675,500 for Abatement, Control and Compliance. The increase in Program and
Research Operations will support the President's Environmental Technology
Initiative (ETI). The Abatement, Control and Compliance increase will support
ETI as well as the shift of base resources from OARM to Program Offices for
support services such as, postage, data processing and telecommunications.
In 1996, the Assistant Administrator (AA) will direct and reorient
activities within OPPE to help ensure achievement of goals set forth in the
Agency strategic plan. OPPE will focus on activities that promote:
strengthening the relationship between the economy and the environment;
integrating environmental decisionmaking; increasing OPPE's cross-media focus,
and its flexibility to integrate across programs and statutes; fostering
partnerships with state, local and tribal governments; moving the Agency and its
partners towards a community-based environmental protection program; the Common
Sense Initiative (CSI) and improving Agency as well as OPPE management. The
immediate office of the AA will continue to provide policy direction, budgetary
and administrative oversight, and leadership in strengthening internal controls
and extramural resources management. OPPE will continue its commitment to
improving human and information resource management. The AA will also continue
to respond to external inquiries, e.g., from Congress and the Office of
Management and Budget.
OPPE will continue to serve as trustee for ETI. External funds will be
primarily devoted to building partnerships that leverage public and private
resources and forge relationships that will continue beyond the provision of ETI
funds. To build these partnerships, EPA will create "franchises" at Headquarters
and in the Regions to bring technology developers, users, financiers, regulators,
and in particular communities, to the table to ensure that environmental problems
are addressed with the most advanced, innovative, and efficient technologies
possible. In addition to franchises, resources will be allocated to further the
development of key activities such as a verification program to approve new
technologies, the provision of competitive processes for R&D by private for-
profit (SBIR) and non-profit sectors, and program support functions.
Explanation of Change +19.9 FTE +$1,799.8 K (PRO) +$11,675.5 K (AC&C)
The $1,799,800 increase in Program and Research Operations will support
projected personnel salary and benefit costs, a fully funded contractor
conversion workyear and the workyears for ETI. In 1995, the Agency has 18.6
workyears devoted to ETI, 6.0 workyears are in OPPE's base and 12.6 workyears
have been distributed to Program Offices to support ETI activities. In 1996, the
12.6 workyears will be shifted back from Program Offices to OPPE as the trustee
for ETI. Along with this shift of workyears, the Agency requests an increase of
7.0 workyears for ETI. A $10 million increase in Abatement, Control and
Compliance, will support expanded ETI efforts in 1996. These resources will be
devoted to institutionalizing the franchise concept. Workyears will- be
strategically deployed throughout EPA to support franchises, policy analysis and
technology program management and implementation. The remaining $1.7 million
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increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance will pay OPPE program costs for
support services. These include postage services and the on-going data
processing and telecommunication services incurred by OPPE to the National Data
Processing Division (NDPD).
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,902,300 supported by 24.5
total workyears for this program, of which $1,769,200 is from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $133,100 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This program provides overall policy direction and
leadership in the integration of environmental protection activities, and
conducts activities necessary to manage the component offices of OPPE. As a
National Program Manager for ETI, OPPE serves as a trustee for six (6) ETI
workyears in 1995. These workyears are being used for program support and
analysis functions, and to implement ETI in areas' such as the provision of
competitive process for R&D by the private for-profit (SBIR) and non-profit
sectors, technology verification, diffusion and removal of permitting barriers
to technology innovation. In 1995, Contractor Conversion has allowed OPPE to
bring in-house an information resource management function that was being
provided through contractor support. Bringing this function in-house, decreases
our technical dependency on contract support, and has also allowed us to bring
additional control and security in-house.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $1,417,500 supported by 17.4 total
workyears for this program, of which, $1,314,100 was from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $103,400 was from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. Resources supported policy direction and basic
budgetary, administrative, analytic and planning activities necessary to manage
OPPE, as well as support for priority activities such as the President's Council
on Sustainable Development (PCSD).
Mission and Policy Management - Administration and Resources Management
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,128,100 supported by 54.4 total workyears
for this program of which $3,056,400 and 54.4 total workyears will be for the
Program and Research Operations appropriation and $71,700 for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,030,000
and a decrease of 2.3 workyears in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and an increase of $16,400 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. These resources provide for long-term and strategy development,
policy development, budget development and execution, human resource
coordination, resource monitoring, and administrative management oversight for
Agency-wide activities. This office will also coordinate and consolidate OARM's
internal control reporting, ensure compliance with the Freedom of Information Act
and Agency audit recommendations, and oversee OARM information management needs.
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Explanation of Change -2.3 FTE $1,030.0 K (PRO) $16.4 K (AC&C)
The increase in the Program and Research Operations appropriation reflects
funding for 33.6 workyears that support OARM's Stay-in-School Program as well as
increases in workforce costs. The reduction in FTE represents a realignment of
Agency workyears.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,081,700 supported by 56.7
total workyears for this program, of which $2,026,400 and 56.7 total workyears
are from the Program and Research Operations appropriation and $55,300 are from
the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. The total workyears of
56.7 includes 36.3 workyears for OARM's Stay-in-School program that will be
allocated to other OARM programs during the operating year. These resources are
used to provide guidance and direction as well as program and administrative
support to the Agency, direct and manage resources, oversee human resource
management activities, and conduct strategies to enhance the efficiency and
effectiveness of the Agency.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency obligated a total of $4,566,900 supported by 41.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,611,900 and 41.7 total workyears was from
the Program and Research Operations appropriation and $955,000 was from the
Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation. These resources were used for
overall policy direction and guidance to the Agency's management programs, budget
development and execution, review of organization and consolidation issues,
internal control reporting, Freedom of Information Act coordination, ensuring
compliance with Agency audit recommendations, and special analysis on management
issues.
Mission and Policy Management - Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,155,800 and 40.8 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $253,900 and 0.5 total workyears. Of the request,
$3,853,100 will be for Program and Research Operations appropriation, and
$302,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $299,500 in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and a decrease of $45,600 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The increase in Program and Research Operations reflects
increased workforce costs associated with travel and employee benefits. The
decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance is the result of redirections to
higher priorities within the Agency.
In 1996, this program will support senior level management of the
Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances programs and the Immediate Office
of the Assistant Administrator for Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances.
In addition, this program will support a,nd fund activities of the Biotechnology
Science Advisory Committee. Key activities will include: (1) strategic
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planning; (2) policy development; (3) priority setting; (4) efficient and
effective general management; and (5) administrative and budget support.
Explanation of Change +0.5 FTE; +$299.5 K (PRO); -$45.6 K (AC&C)
The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance is the result of
redirections to higher priorities within the Agency.
The increase in Program and Research Operations is the result of increased
workforce costs and full-funding of the workforce.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,901,900 and 40.3 total
workyears, of which $3,553,600 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $348,300 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
These resources support policy development and management of the Agency's
pollution prevention, pesticides and toxic substances programs. Key activities
include: (1) strategic planning; (2) policy development; (3) priority setting;
(4) efficient and effective general management; and (5) administrative and budget
support.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $3,550,500 supported by 40.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,312,400 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $238,100 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The program provided executive management, program
planning and analysis, and budget and administrative support to OPPTS offices.
11-25
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11-26
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices 11-27
National Environmental and Training Education Foundation . . . 11-31
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization .... 11-32
Risk Assessment Management Commission 11-33
Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs 11-34
Office of Communications, Education, and Public Affairs .... 11-35
Office of Executive Support 11-37
Office of Regional Operations and State/Local Relations .... 11-38
Immediate Office of the Administrator 11-40
Administrator's Representation Fund 11-41
Office of Civil Rights 11-42
Science Advisory Board 11-44
Office of Administrative Law Judges 11-45
Office of Executive Secretariat 11-47
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
PROGRAM
National Env Education
and Training Foundation
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Office of Small and
Disadvantaged Business
Uti lization
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Risk Assessment
Management Commission
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Office Of Congressional
and Legislative Affairs
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Communications,
Education and Public
Affairs
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Office Of Executive
Support
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Office of Regional
Operations and State
Local Relations
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compt iance
TOTAL
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$513.2
$513.2
$824.3
$1,538.5
$2,362.8
$58.1
$94.6
$152.7
$2,639.3
$261.4
$2,900.7
$3,702.5
$2,758.4
$6,460.9
$1,005.4
$878.0
$1,883.4
$2,191.8
$763.4
$2,955.2
$722.4
$722.4
$883.5
$551.4
$1,434.9
$158.9
$454.4
$613.3
$3,140.1
$196.9
$3,337.0
$4,144.9
$2,364.0
$6,508.9
$1,090.6
$625.3
$1,715.9
$2,315.0
$511.3
$2,826.3
$722.4
$722.4
$932.3
$4,048.5
$4,980.8
$159.4
$389.1
$548.5
$2,799.8
$188.6
$2,988.4
$3,911.3
$2,206.1
$6,117.4
$1,106.5
$579.0
$1,685.5
$2,269.3
$443.8
$2,713.1
$722.4
$722.4
$932.1
$4,048.5
$4,980.6
$159.4
$389.1
$548.5
$2,782.9
$188.1
$2,971.0
$3,887.3
$2,205.1
$6,092.4
$1,100.2
$578.4
$1,678.6
$2,340.2
$443.6
$2,783.8
$820.0
$820.0
$912.5
$489.3
$1,401.8
$200.1
$450.7
$650.8
$2,978.3
$252.2
$3,230.5
$3,979.0
$2,431.3
$6,410.3
$1,131.4
$495.2
$1,626.6
$2,320.6
$526.6
$2,847.2
$97.6
$97.6
-$19.6
-$3,559.2
-$3,578.8
$40.7
$61.6
$102.3
$195.4
$64.1
$259.5
$91.7
$226.2
$317.9
$31.2
-$83.2
-$52.0
-$19.6
$83.0
$63.4
$97.6
$97.6
$29.0
-$62.1
-$33.1
$41.2
-$3.7
$37.5
-$161.8
$55.3
-$106.5
-$165.9
$67.3
-$98.6
$40.8
-$130.1
-$89.3
$5.6
$15.3
$20.9
11-27
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive
Immediate Office Of The
Administrator
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Administrator's
Representation Fund
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Office of Civil Rights
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compl i ance
TOTAL
Science Advisory Board
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Executive Secretariat
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
19?5 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$4,099.8
$988.1
$5,087.9
$8.0
$8.0
$1,515.9
$489.3
$2,005.2
$2,055.0
$158.2
$2,213.2
$1,390.6
$81.0
$1,471.6
$937.4
$190.5
$1,127.9
$20,420.1
$8,722.6
$4,656.1
$9,319.4
$13,975.5
$5.0
$5.0
$2,004.5
$353.6
$2,358.1
$1,815.9
$199.3
$2,015.2
$1,634.8
$71.3
$1,706.1
$1,184.6
$201.1
$1,385.7
$23,028.9
$15,575.4
$4,316.1
$7,386.4
$11,702.5
$4.9
$4.9
$1,608.3
$3,439.5
$5,047.8
$1,961.6
$191.2
$2,152.8
$1,468.0
$66.3
$1,534.3
$986.5
$186.1
$1,172.6
$21,519.1
$19,851.9
$4,286.6
$934.9
$5,221.5
$4.9
$4.9
$1,832.8
$3,438.1
$5,270.9
$1,946.0
$191.1
$2,137.1
$1,542.6
$66.2
$1,608.8
$980.5
$185.6
$1,166.1
$21,790.6
$13,396.0
$4,440.0
$2,118.4
$6,558.4
$6.0
$6.0
$2,313.5
$404.7
$2,718.2
$1,909.1
$224.3
$2,133.4
$2,158.3
$78.0
$2,236.3
$1,148.0
$254.8
$1,402.8
$23,490.8
$8,551.5
$153.4
$1,183.5
$1,336.9
$1.1
$1.1
$480.7
-$3,033.4
-$2,552.7
-$36.9
$33.2
-$3.7
$615.7
$11.8
$627.5
$167.5
$69.2
$236.7
$1,700.2
-$4,844.5
-$216.1
-$7,201.0
-$7,417.1
$1.0
$1.0
$309.0
$51.1
$360.1
$93.2
$25.0
$118.2
$523.5
$6.7
$530.2
-$36.6
$53.7
$17.1
$461 .9
-$7,023.9
Compliance
Agency Management
TOTAL $29,142.7 $38,604.3 $41,371.0 $35,186.6 $32,042.3 -$3,144.3 -$6,562.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
National Env Education
and Training Foundation
11-28
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive
Office of Small &
Disadvantaged Business
Utilization
Risk Assessment
Management Commission
Office Of Congressional
and Legislative Affairs
Communications,
Education and Public
Affairs
Office Of Executive
Support
Office of Regional
Operations and State
Local Relations
Immediate Office Of The
Administrator
Administrator's
Representation Fund
Office of Civil Rights
Science Advisory Board
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges
Executive Secretariat
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE INCREASE
1994 BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE 1996 DECREASE DECREASE
1995 1995 1996 REQ 1996 REQ
VS VS
1995 CE 1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
9.8 8.2 8.2 12.5 8.2 -4.3
3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1
35.9 42.5 42.5 41.7 39.5 -2.2 -3.0
48.5 52.7 52.7 51.8 49.7 -2.1 -3.0
15.6 17.9 18.9 18.6 17.9 -7
26.3 28.1 28.1 28.6 26.1 -2.5 -2.0
44.4 52.0 52.0 51.2 49.6 -1.6 -2.4
22.0 25.6 25.6 28.3 28.6 3 3.0
15.6 23.9 23.9 23.5 22.9 -6 -1.0
17.7 18.2 18.2 19.0 25.1 6.1 6.9
19.0 18.6 18.6 18.3 17.1 -1.2 -1.5
255.1 289.8 290.8 295.6 286.8 -8.8 -3.0
National Env Education
and Training Foundation
Office of Small &
Disadvantaged Business
Utilization
Risk Assessment
Management Commission
Office Of Congressional
and Legislative Affairs
9.8 8.2
2.1
39.4 42.5
9.3 13.6
2.1
45.7
2.1
9.2
2.1
44.9 42.5
-4.4
-2.4
1.0
11-29
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE
ESTIMATE 1996 DECREASE
1995 1996 REQ
VS
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Communications,
Education and Public
Affairs
Office Of Executive
Support
Office of Regional
Operations and State
Local Relations
Immediate Office Of The
Administrator
Administrator's
Representation Fund
Office of Civil Rights
Science Advisory Board
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges
Executive Secretariat
TOTAL WORKYEARS
50.7
16.8
28.2
48.3
23.1
22.6
18.2
19.0
276.6
52.7
17.9
28.1
52.0
25.6
23.9
18.2
18.6
289.8
58.2
20.5
28.6
53.5
27.2
25.0
18.7
21.8
310.6
57.3 54.8 -2.5
20.2 19.4 -8
29.1 26.6 -2.5
52.7 51.0 -1.7
29.9 30.1 2
24.6 23.9 -7
19.5 25.6 6.1
21.5 20.1 -1.4
315.4 305.3 -10.1
2.1
1.5
-1.5
-1.0
4.5
7.4
1.5
15.5
11-30
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR/EXECUTIVE OFFICES
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $32,042,300 supported by 305.3 total
workyears in 1996. Of the request, $23,490,800 will be for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $8,551,500 will be for the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,700,200
and a decrease of 10.1 total workyears in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and a decrease of $4,844,500 in the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation.
National Environmental Education and Training Foundation
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $820,000 supported by 0.0 total workyears
for 1996, all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $97,600 in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. These resources allow the Foundation to receive
the appropriate percentage of the Environmental Education resources made
available to EPA under the National Environmental Education Act and to leverage
these federal dollars against contributions from non-federal resources. This
allows the Foundation to provide significant grants to further this envoronmental
education effort.
Explanation of Change + $97.6 K (AC&C)
These additional resources will allow the Foundation to receive the
appropriate percentage of the Environmental Education resources made available
to EPA under the National Environmental Education Act. This increase was
necessary so the Foundation funding could be consistant with the environmental
education grants that the Agency planned to provide for 1996.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $722,400 for this program, all
of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The
Foundation anticipates approving a grant slate of approximately $2 million by
leveraging federal dollars with twice as much in non-federal resources;
continuing to improve its internal controls and management and making a
significant contribution to guiding environmental education through their
research with The Roper Organization.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $513,200 for this program, all of
11-31
-------
which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The
Foundation replaced its Board of Directors and conducted several meetings. The
Foundation initiated a contract with The Roper Organization to conduct a national
survey of children's environmental concerns, with emphasis on disadvantaged
populations. The first phase of that survey has been completed with preliminary
results released at a Press Conference.
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,401,800 and 9.2 total workyears for 1996,
a decrease of $3,578,800 from 1995. Of the request, $912,500 will be for the
Program and Research Operations appropriation, and $489,300 will be for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of
4.4 workyears and $19,600 in the Program and Research Operations appropriation,
and a decrease of $3,559,200 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1996, the Office will continue to provide technical assistance to both
Headquarters and Regional program office personnel to ensure that small, minority
and women's businesses are receiving a "fair share" of procurement dollars under
EPA's Financial Assistance Programs. In addition, the Ombudsman will respond to
approximately 14,000 inquiries from small firms on regulatory matters and will
provide advice on the many new regulations that will bring about the desired
level of voluntary compliance by several thousand small businesses.
Explanation of Change -4.4 FTE -$19.6 K (PRO) -$3,559.2 K (AC&C)
The decreases in workyears and Abatement, Control and Compliance resources
for this program reflect resources made available in 1995 that were used to
complete Congressionally-directed projects at Historically Black Colleges,
environmental justice efforts and ombudsman efforts for small, minority and
women-owned businesses.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,980,600 supported by 13.6
total workyears for this program, of which $932,100 is from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $4,048,500 is from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. Emphasis continues on handling additional
"Hotline" calls, implementing a Small Business Ombudsman Strategy, creating
business regulatory outreach demonstration projects, and promoting Minority
Business Enterprise and Women's Business Enterprise participation in the Agency's
financial assistance programs to comply with Executive Order 12432. In addition,
the Office will continue to monitor and provide advice on the many new
regulations that will bring about the desired level of voluntary compliance
by several thousand small businesses.
Congressional Directives: In 1995 a total of $3,800,000 and 4.4 total
workyears is for Congressionally-directed projects for technical initiatives to
11-32
-------
Historically Black Colleges, environmental justice efforts, training grants to
small, minority and women contractors, and the Small Business Ombudsman program.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency obligated a total of $2,362,800 and 9.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $824,300 was from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and $1,538,500 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. In 1994, the Office coordinated activities in EPA's procurement
and financial assistance programs through training and financial assistance;
assisted in increasing the level of Minority Business Enterprise/Women Business
Enterprise participation in EPA-assisted programs, provided technical and
management assistance to Headquarters and Regional staff assigned to socio-
economic program activities, and counseled minority and women owned businesses
in compliance with Executive Order 12432. In addition, the Office provided
advice to small businesses on regulations that encourage voluntary compliance.
Risk Assessment Management Commission
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $650,800 and 2.1 total workyears for 1996,
an increase of $102,300 from 1995. Of the request, $200,100 will be for Program
and Research Operations, and $450,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $40,700 in the Program
and Research Operations appropriation, and an increase of $61,600 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The increase in Program and
Research Operations reflects increased personnel costs. Increases in Abatement,
Control and Compliance reflect Working Capital Fund costs.
In 1996, resources will be available for the Commission to complete its
mandate under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. The Commission will complete
and report to Congress on its investigation of the policy implications and
appropriate uses of risk assessment and risk management in regulatory programs
under various Federal laws to prevent cancer and other chronic human health
effects which may result from exposure to hazardous substances.
Explanation of Change +$40.7 K (PRO) +$61.6 K (AC&C)
No increases in workyears were requested for this Office. The increase in
Program and Research Operations reflects increased personnel and travel costs.
Increases in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflect Working Capital Fund costs
as well as increased programmatic support that would allow the commission to
complete their work.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $548,500 and 2.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $159,400 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $389,100 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The Commission will have its board of directors fully
in place and will conduct monthly meetings throughout 1995. The Commission will
11-33
-------
continue to define and refine the scope of the policy implications of risk
assessment and risk management on regulatory programs and begin to draft its
report to Congress.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency obligated a total of $152,700 and 0.5 total workyears for
this program, of which $58,100 was from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $94,600 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The Commission's members were appointed in May 1994 and they
conducted monthly meetings during the second half of the year. In these first
meetings the Commission began to define the scope and policy implications of risk
assessment and risk management on regulatory programs.
Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,230,500 and 42.5 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $259,500 and a decrease 2.4 total workyears from 1995. Of
the request, $2,978,300 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and $252,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $195,400 and a decrease of 2.4
total workyears from 1995 in the Program and Research Operations appropriation
and an increase of $64,100 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1996, the office will provide effective day-to-day liaison with the
Congress and ensure that Member and Committee requests are handled in a timely
manner. Continued increased legislative activity is expected due to
reauthorization of several major environmental statutes including Superfund, the-
Clean Water Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, and the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act, and the Safe Drinking Water Act. The Office will continue to
manage the Legislative Reference Library.
Explanation of Change -2.4 FTE +$195.4 K (PRO) +$64.1 K (AC&C)
The streamlining and empowerment initiatives embraced by the Agency will
remove a portion of the administrative burden for this office. The savings of
2.4 workyears reflect the efficiencies for these programs within the Office of
Congressional and Legislative Affairs. The increase in Abatement, Control and
Compliance reflects increased administrative and Working Capital Fund costs. The
increase in the Program and Research Operations appropriation reflects increased
personnel costs.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,971,000 supported by 44.9
total workyears for this Office, of which $2,782,900 is from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $188,100 is from the Abatement, Control,
and Compliance appropriation. The Office will continue to provide effective day-
to-day liaison with Congress as it examines legislation relating to environmental
11-34
-------
issues and will prepare Agency reports and recommendations on pending and enacted
legislation including draft legislative proposals extending the appropriations
required for EPA's major statutory authorities. The Office also manages the
Legislative Reference Library which provides comprehensive legislative research
services, with computerized tracking systems, to the Agency, Congress and
external organizations. The Office will continue to ensure that testimony, draft
legislation, and analyses and reports on pending and proposed legislation will
be developed and provided to OMB and the Congress in a timely fashion and
consistent with Agency and Administration policies.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $2,900,700 supported by 39.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,639,300 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $261,400 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This program was responsible for all day-to-day
legislative and Congressional contacts, including briefings, hearings, meetings,
courtesy calls, specific Committee investigative information requests,
correspondence control, and casework referred by Congress. The office also
developed testimony and related material for legislative hearings, reviewed and
responded to bills referred to the Agency from OMB and Congressional Committees,
legislative reports proposed by other Agencies, follow-up questions and answers
from hearings, and statements or testimony of other agencies.
Office of Communications, Education, and Public Affiars
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,410,300 supported by 54.8 total workyears
for 1996 a decrease of 2.5 total workyears and an increase of $317,900 from 1995.
Of the request $3,979,000 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $2,431,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $91,700 and a decrease of 2.5
total workyears from 1995 in the Program and Research Operations appropriation
and an increase of $226,200 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects
Working Capital Fund costs. The increase in Program and Research Operations
reflects increased personnel costs.
Working Capital Fund base Postage resources pay for program postage costs
that provide all routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and includes regular
First, Third and Fourth Class mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority
mail, registered and certified mail and pouch mail, Federal Express overnight
mail and United Parcel Service shipments. The increase will provide for
annualization of the January, 1995 postal rate increase of 10.3%.
Working Capital Fund base NDPD dollars provide on-going data processing and
telecommunication services for this program. These services are classified into
five cost centers: Enterprise Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop
Services, Technical Consulting Services and Scientific Computing Services.
Investment resources will provide the Programs share of depreciation of Capital
11-35
-------
Assists, increased service costs, additional mainframe capacity, investments in
network services and investments in technical consulting services.
In 1996, the Office of Communications, Education, and Public Affairs will
build on, and expand activities, begun in 1995 to use diverse media resources to
aid public understanding of science in order to increase public awareness and
change public perception of environmental issues and their technological and
scientific solutions. In addition, advances in environmental protection will
need a public that is more educated, supportive and involved. We intend to
support, build and expand our role in: informing, as well as educating the public
about environmental problems and goals; and, strengthening communications by
integrating the policy/regulatory decisions and communications messages. We will
continue to support the Vice Presidential initiative known as Global Learning and
Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) with $1,000,000. Resources will
provide support for workshops and other meetings to involve scientists and
educators in selecting appropriate environmental observations, the best
measurement methods and instruments to be used to ensure the greatest value for
both science and education. We intend to fully support and continue to expand
environmental education efforts under the National Environment Education Act
(NEEA) which is up for re-authorization in 1996.
Explanation of Change -2.5 FTE +$91.7 K (PRO) +$226,2 K (AC&C)
The streamlining and empowerment initiatives embraced by the Agency will
remove a portion of the administrative burden for this Office. The savings of
2.5 workyear reflect the efficiencies for these programs within the Office of
Communications, Education, and Public Affairs. The increase in Abatement,
Control and Compliance resources reflect increased administrative support for the
GLOBE program and for the environemntal education program that are the
administrative responsibility of the Office of Communication, Education, and
Public Affairs.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,092,400 supported by 57.3
total workyears for this Office, of which $3,887,300 is from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $2,205,100 is from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. In addition to working with the news media and
providing informational materials for the general public, the Office will
continue to ensure that strategic planning occurs on all major issues and that
all communications efforts, including marketing, media relations, etc. are
consistent with the Administrator's goals and' in line with the White House
communications strategy. We intend to broaden environmental education efforts
and integrate environmental education into Agency programs by increasing and
supporting public awareness and changing public perception of environmental
issues through activities designed to: target and educate decision-making
audiences about technical concepts, principles and issues involved in
environmental protection, pollution prevention, environmental justice and other
priority areas ; combine environmental education programs , seminars, publications,
and briefings to emphasize the sound science underlying environmental decisions
and build on efforts to improve specific audiences' understanding of those
technical issues; design and implement environmental information campaigns to
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increase understanding about technical and scientific issues that underlie
individual actions toward preventing pollution and protecting the environment;
develop fact sheets and increase media relations resources to reach broad
audiences, minority populations, and specific communities. We will continue to
support a major Vice Presidential initiative known as the Global Learning and
Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) Program. The program, begun in
1994, is designed to enhance environmental awareness throughout the world and
increase scientific understanding of the earth.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $6,460,900 supported by 50.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,702,500 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $2,758,400 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. In addition to general outreach to the media and
general public, the Office promoted stronger Agency-wide coordination of public
affairs; expanded grassroots liaison efforts; began integrating environmental
education into Agency programs; improved internal management of the Office; and
directed pro-active news and issues-oriented campaigns to support the
Administrator's focus on building partnerships, ecosystem management,
enforcement, outreach and education, legislation, pollution prevention and
environmental justice. The Office also broadened the environmentducation grants
program to spotlight environmental justice issues and increased basic science
literacy as the core of environmental education for students and the general
public.
Office of Executive Support
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,626,600 and 19.4 total workyears for
1996, a decrease of $52,000 and 0.8 total workyears from 1995. Of the request,
$1,131,400 will be for Program and Research Operations appropriation, and
$495,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $31,200 in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and a decrease of $83,200 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1996, the Office will continue to develop resource determinations in
support of various staff office functions; ongoing personnel, financial,
administrative management functions; internal controls for waste, fraud, and
abuse of government resources; records management and staff office automation
support.
Explanation of Change -0.8 FTE +$31.2 K (PRO) -$83.2 K (AC&C)
The streamlining and empowerment initiatives embraced by the Agency will
remove a portion of the administrative burden for this office. The savings of
0.8 workyear reflect the efficiencies for these programs within the Office of the
Administrator. The increase in Program and Research Operations reflects
increased personnel and support costs. The decrease of $83,200 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation reflects Contractor Conversion savings.
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1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,678,600 and 20.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,100,200 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $578,400 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Resources within this program office monitor resource
expenditures; develop the outyear budget for the staff offices; and provide
centralized personnel management support services, automated resources support,
internal control support and assistance to staff offices on recruitment, records
management staffing, and property control issues.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency obligated a total of $1,883,400 and 16.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,005,400 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $878,000 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The Office completed monthly financial and operating
plan reports, developed the outyear budget for the staff offices and Associate
Administrators and conducted workload analysis for Regional Management. In
addition, it provided assistance and staffing plan development, program
management services, internal control review, records management review,
resources management review and computer planning studies for the Associate
Administrators and the Administrator's staff offices.
Office of Regional Operations & State/Local Relations
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,847,200 supported by 26.6 total workyears
for this program, an increase of $63,400 and a decrease of 2.5 total workyears
from 1995 of which $2,320,600 will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $526,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of 2.5 total workyears and $19,600 in
the Program and Research Operations appropriation and an increase of $83,000 in
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The increase in Abatement,
Control and Compliance supports the Working Capital Fund.
Working Capital Fund base Postage resources pay for program postage costs
that provide all routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and includes regular
First, Third and Fourth Class mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority
mail, registered and certified mail and pouch mail, Federal Express overnight
mail and United Parcel Service shipments. The increase will provide for
annualization of the January, 1995 postal rate increase of 10.3%.
Working Capital Fund base NDPD dollars provide on-going data processing and
telecommunication services for this program. These services are classified into
five cost centers: Enterprise Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop
Services, Technical Consulting Services and Scientific Computing Services.
Investment resources will provide the Programs share of depreciation of Capital
Assists, increased service costs, additional mainframe capacity, investments in
network services and investments in technical consulting services.
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The Office will continue to build and maintain communications with state
and local elected officials, environmental directors, and representative national
associations. The Office will encourage strong intergovernmental liaisons
between Regions and state and local officials while taking a lead role in liaison
activities with national organizations. The Office will also continue to carry
out its responsibilities for leading the Small Town Task Force, the Small Town
Environmental Planning Program, and the Local Government Advisory Group.
The Office will continue to ensure that the Administrator's policies are
effectively communicated to the Regional Administrators; that the Administrator
is alerted to potential Regional problems and concerns; that the Administrator
is assisted in managing significant Regional issues; and that the headquarters
liaison with the Environmental Services Divisions is continued.
Explanation of Change -2.5 FTE -$19.6 K (PRO) +$83.0 K (AC&C)
The streamlining and empowerment initiatives embraced by the Agency will
remove a portion of the administrative burden for this Office. The saving of 2.5
workyears and $19,600 reflects the new efficiencies for these programs within the
Office of Regional Operations and State/Local Relations. The increase in
Abatement, Control, and Compliance dollars reflects Working Capital Fund
resources that are necessary to support mailing to tribal, State and local
offices as well as support for the computerized data management support that this
program supplies to tribal, State and local governments.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,783,800 and 29.1 total
workyears, of which $2,340,200 is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and $443,600 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The Office provides a key communications link between the
Administrator and the states and local governments and the ten Regional offices,
implements Agency guidance in community relations activities to provide maximum
state and local involvement in EPA's decisions, and provides liaison between
headquarters and the ten regional Environmental Services Divisions. The Office
will work to build and maintain communications with state and local governments,
and their respective associations. The Office will also work to strengthen
intergovernmental liaisons between the ten Regional offices and state and local
officials.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $2,955,200 and 28.2 in total
workyears for this program, of which $2,191,800 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation, and $763,400 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The Office ensured that the Administrator's policies
were effectively communicated to the Regional Administrators, that the Regions
were included in the policy-making and decision-making processes of the Agency,
and that the Administrator was kept informed of Regional concerns and issues.
The Office carried out its responsibility as the Headquarter's focal point for
the Agency's Environmental Services Divisions, and served a leadership role in
the Agency's study of its laboratories and scientific infrastructure. In
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addition, the Office also initiated regular dialogue on environmental issues with
local government and tribal organizations, via the Local Government Advisory
Group, the Small Town Task Force, and the Tribal Operations Committee, and
continued its work with national associations which represent these groups.
Immediate Office of the Administrator
1996 Program Request v
The Agency requests a total of $6,558,400 and 51.0 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $1,336,900 and a decrease of 1.7 total workyears from 1995.
Of the request, $4,440,000 will be for Program and Research Operations, and
$2,118,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $ 153,400 in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and an increase of $1,183,500 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The increase in Program and Research Operations
reflects increased personnel costs. Increases in Abatement, Control and
Compliance reflect needs for the Working Capital Fund as well as $1,000,000 to
continue funding the President's Council on Sustainable Development.
In 1996, the Environmental Appeals Board function will continue to see its
caseload increase with the addition of new permitting and enforcement cases under
the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, RCRA, TSCA, FIFRA and the Safe Drinking Water
Act. In addition, it expects to see its responsibilities increase as the focus
on administrative enforcement increases. Among these increases is the Board's
growing docket of CERCLA § 106(b) reimbursement petitions.
Pollution Prevention Policy Staff will continue its work with Agency policy
and direction, and for setting environmental and pollution prevention goals.
The program for this Office also includes resources for the Agency's-
Working Capital Fund. Base postage resources pay for program postage costs that
provide all routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and includes regular First,
Third and Fourth Class mail. Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority mail,
registered and certified mail and pouch mail, Federal Express overnight mail and
United Parcel Service shipments. The increase will provide for annualization of
the January, 1995 postal rate increase of 10.3%.
Explanation of Change -1.7 FTE +$153.4 K (PRO) +$1,183.5 K (AC&C)
Streamlining and empowerment have freed resources that have historically
been committed to several traditional management areas. However this decrease in
workyears also represents part of an overall shift in emphasis within the Office
of the Administrator by allocating a larger proportion of the resources within
the Immediate Office to enforcement review. The increase in Program and
Research Operations reflects increased personnel costs. Increases in Abatement,
Control and Compliance reflect needs for the Working Capital Fund as well as
$1,000,000 to continue funding the President's Council on Sustainable
Development.
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1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,221,500 supported by 52.7
total workyears for this program, of which $4,286,600 is from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $934,900 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The major priorities in the Immediate Office are:
strengthening the Agency's commitment to a multi-media policy for pollution
prevention, increasing emphasis on enforcement and compliance efforts to ensure
better internal management, improving international leadership, continuing
delegations to state and local governments, on-going support of enhanced science
as a basis for decision-making, increasing environmental education support, and
using improved methodologies for managing risk. The Pollution Prevention Policy
Staff continues as part of the Immediate Office, and the Environmental Appeals
Board was given significant new responsibilities under CERCLA.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $5,087,900 supported by 48.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,099,800 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $988,100 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Much of the activity was focused on the Office of
Administrator's enforcement and permitting, responsibilities conducted by the
Environmental Appeals Board. During 1994 the Board resolved over 150 matters.
In addition to its traditional cases it also began considering petitions filed
under CERCLA § 106(b) for cost reimbursement. Emphasis continued on delegations
to State and local governments, integration of pollution prevention principles
into ongoing Agency programs, on-going support of enhanced science as a basis for
decision-making, increased environmental education support, and use of improved
methodologies for managing risk. In addition, the Agency applied for and
received a $1,800,000 grant for the Corporation for National and Community
Service to run six environmentally focused projects involving 135 AmeriCor
volunteers at eleven sites around the country.
Administrator's Representation Fund
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This represents an
increase of $1,100 from 1995. These funds cover the expenses of official
receptions and other functions.
Explanation of Change + $1.1 K (AC&C)
The demands on the Agency to sponsor official receptions and other
functions to an ever increasing variety of national and international
organizations requires that more resources be made available to this program.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,900 to this program, all of
which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These funds
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are to cover the expenses of official receptions and other functions.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $8,000, all of which was from the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Office of Civil Rights
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,718,200 and 30.1 total workyears for
1996, a decrease of $2,552,700 and an increase of 0.2 total workyears from 1995.
Of the request, $2,313,500 will be for Program and Research Operations, and
$404,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $480,700 and 0.2 workyears in the Program and Research
Operations appropriation, and a decrease of $3,033,400 in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance Appropriation. The increase in Program and Research Operations
reflects increased personnel costs as well as the increase in workyears. The
decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance resources reflects the expiration
of Congressionally directed funds for projects completed in 1995.
In 1996, increases in Program and Research Operations reflects increased
personnel and support costs necessitated by the demands of the external
compliance program. Of particular concern are the complaints filed under Title
VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, raising environmental justice
issues. This complaint process has become the most readily available tool for
minority communities to use to address their environmental justice concerns. The
number of these complaints is growing and they raise complex and precedent-
setting issues which challenge the way the Agency carries out its environmental
programs.
The Abatement, Control and Compliance resources will provide for the timely
completion of discrimination complaint investigations, for better training of
Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) counselors and for development of an
alternative dispute resolution program.
The Office will continue to provide guidance and direction to Agency
officials in developing, implementing and evaluating the programs and activities
related to equal employment opportunity; manage the implementation of the
Agency's affirmative employment and recruitment programs and special emphasis
programs; and develop the Minority Academic Institutions program including
assuring compliance with the Executive Orders pertaining to Historically Black
Colleges and Universities and the Hispanic Serving Institutions.
Emphasis will continue on reducing the average processing time of
discrimination complaints to comply with regulatory limits; increasing the
representation of minorities, women and people with disabilities in all
occupations and pay levels, especially executive and supervisory positions;
monitoring of affirmative employment plan implementation; expanding and improving
the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) counseling program to resolve complaints
through informal conciliation; strengthening and improving the special emphasis
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programs by conducting seminars and workshops for special emphasis employees and
Agency managers; increasing quantity and quality of EEO reviews and studies; and
improving the implementation of the Agency regulations regarding
nondiscrimination in Federally-assisted programs.
Explanation of Change +0.2 FTE +$480.7 K (PRO) -$3,033.4 K (AC&C)
The increase in Program and Research Operations reflects increased
personnel costs as well as the increase in workyears. The growth in workyears
will be devoted to the Title VI Compliance program. The decrease in Abatement,
Control and Compliance represents resources made available in 1995 that were used
to complete Congressionally-directed projects for Black and Hispanic Colleges and
Universities. In addition, Working Capital Fund resources were provided to the
program for the computer support that allows the office to accurately monitor the
equal employment progress of the Agency.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,270,900 and 29.9 total
workyears for this Office, of which $1,832,800 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation, and $3,438,100 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. These resources enable the Office of Civil Rights to
continue to provide technical guidance and direction for the Agency's Civil
Rights activities. To strengthen employees' understanding of special emphasis
programs, the Office will conduct seminars and workshops. Special emphasis
program managers throughout the Agency will continue their work to encourage
their constituents to participate in career enhancing details, training,
rotational assignments and developmental programs such as Goalsetters Reaching
for Opportunities specifically designed for employees in secretarial/clerical
positions and Women in Science and Engineering.
This program will continue to conduct EEO reviews and studies, provide
management support for building and managing a culturally diverse workforce at
all levels, provide guidance to management implementing the Agency's mandates
regarding nondiscrimination in Federally assisted programs (with emphasis placed
on processing discrimination complaints under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act
of 1964 as amended); raise environmental justice concerns and develop an external
compliance review program for state agencies, the biggest recipient of EPA
grants; continue to reduce the average processing time for complaints of
discrimination in compliance with the regulatory limit; and promote an increase
in the level of representation of minorities, women and people with disabilities
in positions where they are under utilized, especially in executive and
supervisory levels.
Congressional Directives: In 1995 a total of $3,100,000 is for
Congressionally-directed projects for expanded research and faculty development
at Hispanic Serving institutions and minority academic institutions.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $2,005,200 supported by 23.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,515,900 was from the Program and Research
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Operations appropriation, and $489,300 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The Office of Civil Rights carried out national equal
employment opportunity monitoring and enforcement programs; managed the Agency's
affirmative employment, special emphasis and discrimination complaints programs;
implemented regulations and programs requiring EPA grant recipients to adhere to
civil rights laws and requirements; and served as the Agency's focal point for
the Historically Black Colleges and Universities program. Specifically, the
Office developed an external compliance review pilot project to conduct
compliance reviews of every grant applicant. The Office received and processed
Title VI complaints raising environmental justice issues against state agencies.
In the internal equal employment area, the Office ensured implementation of the
Agency's Special Emphasis Programs (Federal Women's Hispanic Employment and Black
Employment Programs); formed a National Civil Rights Work Group comprised of
representatives from the various special emphasis advisory counsels; revised the
Agency's EEO policy statement to include sexual orientation; implemented and
monitored the Agency's affirmative employment plans to remedy under utilization
of minorities, women, and people with disabilities in the workforce; assured
compliance by Agency grantees with the provisions of applicable civil rights laws
and requirements; and processed internal employment discrimination complaints.
The Office closed 78 complaints, issued 39 final Agency decisions, completed 56
investigations, accepted 50 complaints for processing and prepared 24 appeal
briefs.
Science Advisory Board
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,133,400 and 23.9 total workyears for
1996, a decrease of $3,700 and 0.7 total workyears from 1995. Of the request,
$1,909,100 will be for Program and Research Operations, and $224,300 will be for
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease
of $36,900 and 0.7 total workyears from 1995 in the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and an increase of $33,200 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance
reflects increased administrative and Working Capital Fund costs. In 1996,
approximately 65 regulatory issues will be identified for the Science Advisory
Board (SAB) to review, an increase of 14 reviews from 1995.
Working Capital Fund base postage resources pay for program postage costs
that provide all routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and includes regular
First, Third and Fourth Class mail. Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority
mail, registered and certified mail and pouch mail, Federal Express overnight
mail and United Parcel Service shipments. The increase will provide for
annualization of the January, 1995 postal rate increase of 10.3%.
Working Capital Fund base NDPD dollars provide on-going data processing and
telecommunication services for this program. These services are classified into
five cost centers: Enterprise Computing Services, Network. Systems, Desktop
Services, Technical Consulting Services and Scientific Computing Services.
Investment resources will provide the Programs' share of depreciation of capital
assets, increased service costs, additional mainframe capacity, investments in
network services and investments in technical consulting services.
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Explanation of Change -0.7 FTE -$36.9 K (PRO) +$33.2 K (AC&C)
This reduction reflects the Agency's efforts to streamline operations and
will result in consolidation and/or termination of some reviews. The increase
in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects increased administrative and
Working Capital Fund costs and increased support costs which fully implement two
new committees and provide coverage for streamlined savings in overall workyears.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,137,100 supported by 24.6
total workyears for this program, of which $1,946,000 is from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $191,100 from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The Science Advisory Board is providing expert,
independent advice to the Administrator and the Agency on 60 scientific and
technical issues which serve as the underpinnings for the Agency's regulatory
decision-making. The SAB will also more fully utilize two recently established
committees: the Environmental Economics Advisory Committee and the Clean Air Act
Compliance Analysis Committee.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $2,213,200 supported by 22.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,055,000 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $158,200 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The SAB was involved in 56 reviews during 1994.
Included among these reviews were issues relating to air pollution, toxic
substances, drinking water, solid waste, radiation, Superfund science, risk
assessment and ecology. SAB also began systematic use of the new Environmental
Economics Advisory Committee and Clean Air Act Compliance Analysis Committee.
Office of Administrative Law Judges
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,236,300 supported by'25.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,158,300 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation, and $78,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $615,700 and 6.1 total
workyears for the Program and Research Operations appropriation and an increase
of $11,800 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation from 1995.
The increase in Program and Research Operations reflects increased personnel and
support costs as well as the increase in workyears. Increases in Abatement,
Control and Compliance reflect Working Capital Fund costs.
Working Capital Fund base postage resources pay for program postage costs
that provide all routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and includes regular
First, Third and Fourth Class mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority
mail, registered and certified mail and pouch mail, Federal Express overnight
mail and United Parcel Service shipments. The increase will provide for
annualization of the January, 1995 postal rate increase of 10.3%.
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Working Capital Fund base NDPD dollars provide on-going data processing and
telecommunication services for this program. These services are classified into
five cost centers: Enterprise Computing Services, Network Systems, Desktop
Services, Technical Consulting Services and Scientific Computing Services.
Investment resources will provide the Programs' share of depreciation of capital
assets, increased service costs, additional mainframe capacity, investments in
network services and investments in technical consulting services.
In 1996, resources in this program will provide support for the
adjudication of cases, including conducting formal hearings, resulting from
administrative complaints filed by the enforcement program to insure compliance
with environmental statutes such as the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Toxics Substance Control Act, the
Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation and Liability Act, and Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know Act.
Explanation of Change +6.1 FTE +$615.7 K (PRO) +$11.8 K (AC&C)
The workyear increase is an effort to strengthen and improve the Agency's
ability to settle, and/or to hear and decide, in a timely manner, the
approximately 1,100 administrative enforcement cases which it has initiated. It
represents new workyears and 2.9 workyears redirected and converted from the Oil
Spill appropriation. The Agency has almost 5 times the number of enforcement
cases it had in 1983 and its judicial capacity to match this accelerated
enforcement effort has not kept pace. The increase in Program and Research
Operations reflects increased personnel and support costs as well as the increase
in workyears. Increases in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflect Working
Capital Fund costs.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,608,800 supported by 19.5
total workyears for this program, of which $1,542,600 is from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation, and $66,200 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The Office expects to receive most of the cases from
EPA Regional Offices in 1995. Of the cases received from the Regions,
approximately 145 cases are expected to be under the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA), 256 cases under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), 147
cases under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), 100
under the Clean Air Act, 158 under EPCRA, and 92 under the Clean Water Act. In
addition to these Regional cases, this Office will handle cases originating at
Headquarters, including suspensions; cancellations; Sec. 3(c)(l)(D) of the
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency obligated a total of $1,471,600 and 18.2 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,390,600 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $81,000 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This Office had a docket of 1,821 cases of which 835
were new filings. Of the new cases, 127 were under RCRA; 165 were under TSCA;
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94 cases were under FIFRA; 128 were under EPCRA; 84 were under CWA; and 103 were
under CAA. Seven hundred and twenty eight cases were settled in 1994; 8 new
cases were scheduled for hearing; 143 will be scheduled a trial date for
presentation of pre-trial evidence; and 998 will be scheduled for exchange of
evidence.
Office of Executive Secretariat
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,402,800 and 20.1 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $236,700 and a decrease of 1.4 total workyears from 1995.
Of the request, $1,148,000 will be for Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and $254,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $167,500 in the Program and
Research Operations appropriation, and an increase of $69,200 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
The increase represents Working Capital Fund resources provided to this
office. Base postage resources pay for program postage costs that provide all
routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and includes regular First, Third and
Fourth Class mail. Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority mail, registered
and certified mail and pouch mail, Federal Express overnight mail and United
Parcel Service shipments. The increase will provide for annualization of the
January, 1995, postal rate increase of 10.3%.
Base NDPD dollars provide on-going data processing and telecommunication
services for this program. These services are classified into five cost centers:
Enterprise Computing Services, Network Systems, Desktop Services, Technical
Consulting Services and Scientific Computing Services. Investment resources will
provide the Programs' share of depreciation of capital assets, increased service
costs, additional mainframe capacity, investments in network services and
investments in technical consulting services.
In 1996, resources within the Executive Secretariat will be used to control
an ever increasing amount of correspondence; routing, logging and tracking
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests; and to foster- a more active role for
the Agency-wide FOI Coordinator including FOI policy development, oversight, and
monitoring compliance of the FOIA and its regulations, developing and
coordinating Agency FOI policies, and guiding and training for the Agency FOI
staff.
Explanation of Change -1.4 FTE +$167.5 K (PRO) +$69.2 K (AC&C)
By FY 1996, increased efficiencies expected from the installation of
computerized correspondence and FOIA management systems will be fully realized.
Confidence in the systems will allow the Agency to devote 1.4 workyears less in
staff time to parallel reviews and duplication of the computer systems efforts.
The $167,500 increase in Program and Research Operations reflects increased
personnel costs. The $69,200 increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance will
support the Working Capital Fund and will provide computer and mail services to
the Office.
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1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,166,100 and 21.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $980,500 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation, and $185,600 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Resources within this program continue to provide for
shortfalls in supplies, training, and computer equipment. Resources also support
new initiatives of the national Freedom of Information Management Action Tracking
System (FOIMATS) program and the national system of Correspondence Tracking
Information Management System (CTIMS). The office also prepares an annual report
to Congress on the cost to the Agency and to the public of administering the
Freedom of Information Act, provides policy and program oversight on the Freedom
of Information Act, and manages and tracks executive correspondence. The volume
of executive correspondence has increased by approximately one-third over the
past three years.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $1,127,900 and 19.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $937,400 was from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and $190,500 from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The Executive Secretariat Office logged, controlled and monitored
all Freedom of Information requests, and correspondence addressed to the
Administrator and the Deputy Administrator. Specific 1994 accomplishments
included an Agency-wide study of the Freedom of Information system, with the aim
of improving efficiency and customer service, of fully implementing President
Clinton's and Administrator Browner's directives to reduce backlog, and to make
policy more consistent throughout the Agency. The computer tracking system for
Freedom of Information requests was extended to all Regions. The correspondence
tracking system will be ready to expand to the Regions in 1995.
11-48
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration and Resources Management 11-49
Financial Management - Headquarters 11-52
Office of the Comptroller 11-53
Office of Environmental Justice 11-55
Human Resources Management 11-56
Organization and Health Services 11-58
Contracts and Grants Management - Headquarters ... 11-59
Facilities Management and Services 11-61
Information Systems and Services 11-62
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-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration and Resources Management
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Financial Management
Headquarters
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Office of the
Comptroller
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Reimbursements
TOTAL
Office Of Environmental
Justice
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Human Resources
Management
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Organization and Health
Services
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Contracts and Grants
Management -
Headquarters
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$8,059.5
$1,896.4
$9,955.9
$5,172.9
$3,770.5
$8,943.4
$655.6
$1,394.9
$2,050.5
$11,058.1
$1,780.5
$12,838.6
$3,217.2
$362.6
$3,579.8
$16,023.0
$979.5
$17,002.5
$9,549.3
$1,535.5
$11,084.8
$6,218.0
$2,668.5
$8,886.5
$733.6
$2,954.8
$3,688.4
$11,342.1
$527.3
$11,869.4
$3,517.6
$258.1
$3,775.7
$18,008.0
$1,039.2
$19,047.2
$10,016.0
$1,391.1
$11,407.1
$6,290.2
$2,738.6
$9,028.8
$1,184.7
$7,367.3
$8,552.0
$10,973.6
$336.4
$11,310.0
$3,565.2
$352.2
$3,917.4
$17,778.6
$918.7
$18,697.3
$9,935.1
$1,388.6
$11,323.7
$6,249.1
$2,733.8
$8,982.9
$1,184.5
$7,362.2
$8,546.7
$10,890.2
$335.9
$11,226.1
$3,540.9
$351.6
$3,892.5
$17,956.5
$917.1
$18,873.6
$10,829.6
$1,305.4
$12,135.0
$5,648.5
$2,421.3
$8,069.8
$965.9
$2,954.8
$3,920.7
$14,203.6
$335.6
$14,539.2
$2,209.2
$175.9
$2,385.1
$18,985.3
$1,040.2
$20,025.5
$894.5
-$83.2
$811.3
-$600.6
-$312.5
-$913.1
-$218.6
-$4,407.4
-$4,626.0
$3,313.4
-$3
$3,313.1
-$1,331.7
-$175.7
-$1,507.4
$1,028.8
$123.1
$1,151.9
$1,280.3
-$230.1
$1,050.2
-$569.5
-$247.2
-$816.7
$232.3
$232.3
$2,861.5
-$191.7
$2,669.8
-$1,308.4
-$82.2
-$1,390.6
$977.3
$1.0
$978.3
11-49
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration and Resources Management
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Facilities
Management and Services
Program & Research $10,722.2 $11,952.8 $11,594.8 $11,499.6 $12,447.1 $947.5 $494.3
Operations
Abatement Control and $373.1 $642.7 $582.1 $581.0 $722.5 $141.5 $79.8
Compliance
TOTAL $11,095.3 $12,595.5 $12,176.9 $12,080.6 $13,169.6 $1,089.0 $574.1
Information Systems &
Services
Program & Research $13,283.8 $13,578.9 $14,041.3 $13,955.5 $13,362.1 -$593.4 -$216.8
Operations
Abatement Control and $1,578.5 $1,712.1 $2,240.5 $8,467.6 $32,140.3 $23,672.7 $30,428.2
Compliance
TOTAL $14,862.3 $15,291.0 $16,281.8 $22,423.1 $45,502.4 $23,079.3 $30,211.4
TOTAL:
Program & Research $68,192.3 $74,900.3 $75,444.4 $75,211.4 $78,651.3 $3,439.9 $3,751.0
Operations
Abatement Control and $12,136.0 $11,338.2 $15,926.9 $22,137.8 $41,096.0 $18,958.2 $29,757.8
Compliance
Reimbursements
Agency Management TOTAL $80,328.3
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Financial Management 140.6
Headquarters
Office of the 69.5
Comptroller
Office Of Environmental 8.0
Justice
Human Resources 164.6
Management -
Headquarters
Organization and Health 43.5
Services
Contracts and Grants 257.2
Management -
Headquarters
Facilities 175.7
Management and Services
Information Systems & 174.3
Services
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 1,033.4
$86,238.5 $91,371.3
157.4 158.4
78.1 78.1
9.7 9.7
165.7 166.7
46.6 46.6
280.4 281.4
188.0 189.0
166.2 214.2
1,092.1 1,144.1
$97,349.2 $119,747.3 $22,398.1 $33,508.8
155.6 163.6 8.0 6.2
76.7 68.1 -8.6 -10.0
15.8 11.7 -4.1 2.0
163.7 186.6 22.9 20.9
45.8 24.8 -21.0 -21.8
280.8 277.6 -3.2 -2.8
185.6 181.2 -4.4 -6.8
209.3 211.3 2.0 45.1
1,133.3 1,124.9 -8.4 32.8
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration and Resources Management
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Financial Management
Headquarters
Office of the
Comptrol ler
Office Of Environmental
Justice
Human Resources
Management -
Headquarters
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE
1994 BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE 1996 DECREASE
1995 1995 1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
142.8 157.4 158.4 155.6 163.6 8.0
71.5 78.1 87.1 85.7 68.1 -17.6
8.9 9.7 9.7 15.8 11.7 -4.1
168.3 165.7 166.7 163.7 186.6 22.9
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
6.2
-10.0
2.0
20.9
Organization and Health
Services
Contracts and Grants
Management -
Headquarters
Facilities
Management and Services
Information Systems &
Services
TOTAL WORKYEARS
43.5
262.1
179.0
176.6
46.6
280.4
188.0
166.2
46.6
281.4
189.0
214.2
45.8
280.8
185.6
209.3
24.8
277.6
181.2
211.3
-21.0
-3.2
-4.4
2.0
1,052.7 1,092.1 1,153.1 1,142.3 1,124.9 -17.4
-21.8
-2.8
-6.8
45.1
32.8
11-51
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $119,747,300 supported by 1,124.9 total
workyears for this media of which $78,651,300 will be for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $41,096,000 will be for the Abatement
Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,439,900
and a decrease of 17.4 total workyears in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation and an increase of $18,958,200 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Financial Management - Headquarters
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,135,000 supported by 163.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $10,829,600 will be for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $1,305,400 will be for the Abatement
Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $894,500
and 8.0 total workyears in the Program and Research Operations appropriation and
a decrease of $83,200 in the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation from
1995. In addition to providing the full range of core financial services --
accounting and fiscal operations, payroll, travel, financial policy, reporting
and analysis, quality assurance, and financial systems -- the Agency plans to
carry out initiatives essential to streamlining and enhancing its financial
management practices and customer services. Prime examples include: the
establishment of a working capital fund to provide EPA with administrative
services in a more business-like manner; managing projects related to the
Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS) developments and enhancements to
provide higher quality and more useful financial information; developing and
implementing program and financial performance indicators to better measure
program results and service delivery; and implementing numerous financial
management reforms required by the National Performance Review (NPR), Government
Performance and Results Act (GPRA), the Chief Financial Officers (CFO) Act, as
well as EPA's own streamlining initiatives. The resources requested will allow
the Washington, Cincinnati, Las Vegas, and Research Triangle Park finance centers
to provide the Agency with critical accounting and fiscal services.
Explanation of Change +8.0 FTE +$894.5K (PRO) -$83.2K (AC&C)
The increase will provide workyears and dollars to help re-engineer key
financial processes to strengthen CFO Act implementation; quality assurance to
develop meaningful financial performance measures and assuring greater
accountability; streamlining travel, 'procurement, and time and attendance
processes; and to cover increased salary costs for pay raise, and locality.pay
for base workyears. The increase in PRO resources also reflects dollar and FTE
realignments for the establishment of the Working Capital Fund. The decrease in
11-52
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the AC&C appropriation will impose some limits on the ability to develop and
implement IFMS enhancements.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,323,700 supported by 155.6
total workyears for this program, of which $9,935,100 is from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $1,388,600 from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. These resources provide a full array of financial
services to EPA managers, including payroll, accounting, reporting, debt
collection, accounts payable, quality assurance, and policy guidance. This
program also manages the Agency's Integrated Financial Management System. The
1995 program emphasis is on implementing the numerous financial management
changes required by the CFO, NPR, and GPRA, and internal streamlining initiatives
including: preparing audited financial statements; the CFO Annual Report and the
CFO Financial Management Status Report and Five Year Plan; developing performance
measures; and developing financial reporting criteria for GPRA pilot programs.
Key initiatives and efforts in FY 1995 include: implementing the Office of
Management and Budget's Circular A-127 requirements; performing reviews required
by Section 4 of the Federal Managers Financial Integrity Act of 1982; eliminating
identified material weaknesses through enhanced systems and accounting
procedures; maintaining the timeliness of payments processed as required by the
Prompt Payment Act; exploring further cash management initiatives; and planning
and developing the Working Capital Fund initiative.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency obligated a total of $9,955,900 supported by 142.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $8,059,500 and 142.8 workyears was from the
Program and Research Operations appropriation, and $1,896,400 from the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation. With these resources, the Agency improved
the financial services provided by Headquarters, Cincinnati, Las Vegas, and
Research Triangle Park financial operations and improved performance of the
Integrated Financial Management System. In addition, the Agency implemented
improvements in fulfilling the requirements of the CFO Act by making improvements
that advanced the overall opinions of the Agency annual Financial Statements;
accelerating the production of the Statements and the Annual Report by 90 days
over the previous fiscal year; and expanding the scope of the Financial
Management Status Report and Five-Year Plan to include all resources management
functions. The Agency piloted financial performance measures for traditional
accounting and management integrity responsibilities.
Office of the Comptroller
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,069,800 supported by 68.1 workyears for
this program, of which $5,648,500 will be from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $2,421,300 will be from the Abatement Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of $600,600 and 17.6
workyears in the Program and Research Operations appropriation and a decrease of
$312,500 in the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation. These resources
11-53
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will provide the capability to perform all mandatory activities associated with
the OMB and Congressional budget submissions, including outyear designing and
overseeing the budget management processes, providing budget analyses and reports
to Agency program offices, and maintaining a fiscal allocation, control, and
review system for all workyear and financial resources. Resources will support
basic mandatory requirements of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 and
the General Accounting Act of 1980, the IG Act Amendments, arid the Integrity Act
as well as continued efforts to implement Governments Performance and Results Act
and National Performance Review recommendations; and support environmental
financing efforts.
Explanation of Change -17.6 FTE -$600.6K (PRO) -$312.5K (AC&C)
The decrease of $600,600 and 17.6 workyears from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $312,500 from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation represents a reduction of Headquarters oversight of Agency-wide
activities to implement streamlining of audit follow-up and reengineering of
management integrity. The decreases in appropriations also reduce Headquarters
support for the Agency's environmental financing efforts. Since the charter of
Environmental Finance Advisory Board (EFAB) is scheduled to expire in FY 1996,
our efforts will now focus on implementation of the Board's recommendations
through the University-based finance centers, in Maryland, New Mexico, Syracuse,
Cleveland State and Haywood, California. In addition, the decreases represent
a reduction to management achieved through streamlining savings, which will
impair OARM's ability to perform program-specific analyses of new legislation,
Presidential initiatives, and cross-Agency analyses.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,982,900 supported by 85.7
total workyears for this program, of which $6,249,100 is from the Program and-
Research Operations appropriation, and $2,733,800 is from the Abatement, Control,
and Compliance appropriation. The Office of the Comptroller will use these
resources to: prepare the 1996 budget request; develop funding allotments and
allocations in accordance with the approval of the Agency's Operating Plan;
analyze major policy/resource issues facing the Agency; develop and implement
Agency budget policy; administer and provide policy guidance to EPA managers on
a range of fiscal concerns; and continue to maintain liaison with OMB and
Congress. The Comptroller will provide liaison with GAO and respond to GAO
documents as required by the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 and the
General Accounting Act of 1980; conduct audit follow-up as required by the
Inspector General Act Amendments; manage EPA's integrity responsibilities as
required by the Integrity Act; continue support for the Agency's environmental
financing efforts; and continue efforts to implement GPRA and NPR
recommendations.
1994 Accomplishments
In FY 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $8,943,400 supported by 71.5
total workyears for this program, of which $5,172,900 and 71.5 workyears was
from Program and Research Operations appropriation, and $3,770,500 from the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The Office of the Comptroller
11-54
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prepared the 1995 budget including budget guidance and options, managed funding
allotments and allocations in accordance with the 1994 Operating Plans,
maintained appropriate fund control procedures, provided budget and policy
guidance to Program and Regional offices, and continued implementation of the
Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act. Additionally, the Office of the
Comptroller designed a new EPA approach for management integrity that eliminated
extraneous reporting requirements and linked accountability with program
operations, planning, and budgeting, responded to GAO reports and testimonies
covering all aspects of EPA programs, managed EPA's audit follow-up in
conformance with IG Act Amendments, and supported EPA's Environmental Finance
Advisory Board and various university-based environmental finance centers.
Office of Environmental Justice
1996 Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,920,700 supported by 11.7 total workyears
for this program of which $965,900 and 11.7 workyears will be for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $2,954,800 for the Abatement Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of $4,407,400 in the
Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation and an decrease of $218,600 and
4.1 FTE in the Program and Research Operations appropriation from 1995. The
Office will continue to provide guidance and direction as well as program and
administrative support concerning environmental justice issues for the regional
and headquarters program offices and direct and manage the Office's resources.
Explanation of Change -4.1 FTE -$218.6K (PRO) -$4,407.4K (AC&C)
The Office of Environmental Justice will continue to support the National
Environmental Justice Advisory Council, the FACA Committee which advises the
Administrator, and the Environmental Health Research Outreach initiative targeted
toward affected communities providing funds to train Regional staff in the
application of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act to protect communities at risk.
This request does not sustain Congressional Additions to the program in the FY
1995 Operating Year.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Office of Environmental Justice is allocating a total of
$8,546,700 supported by 15.8 total workyears, of which $1,184,500 is from the
Program and Research Operations appropriation and $7,362,200 from the Abatement
Control and Compliance appropriation. These resources are used for overall
policy direction and guidance to the Agency's regional and headquarters program
offices on the issue of environmental justice.
Congressional Directives: A total of $4,900,000 is for the Abatement
Control and Compliance appropriation for the Congressionally directed projects
titled Small Grants for Communities Disproportionately Impacted by Pollution and
the Environmental Minority Education Grant. Another $400,000 and 6.5 FTE are for
the Program and Research Operation appropriation.
11-55
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1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Office of Environmental Justice obligated a total of
$2,050,500 supported by 8.9 total workyears, of which $655,600 and 8.9 total
workyears is from the Program and Research Operations appropriation and
$1,394,900 is from the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation. These
resources were used to establish and support the implementation of the
President's Order on Environmental Justice, establish interagency work groups on
environmental justice to implement various sections of Executive Order 12898,
develop the Agency's Strategic Plan for Environmental Justice, initiate the
National Environmental Advisory Council, and establish and award over 75 small
grants to communities for environmental justice projects.
Human Resources Management
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,539,200 supported by 186.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $14,203,600 will be for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $335,600 will be for the Abatement Control
and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,313,400 and 22.9
total workyears in the Program and Research Operations appropriation and a
decrease of $300 in the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation from 1995.
The Office of Human Resources Management (OHRM) is being restructured into the
Office of Human Resources and Organizational Services (OHROS). OHROS will serve
as the Agency's focal point for the reinvention effort by providing integrated
services, advice and assistance in such areas as organizational effectiveness,
organizational streamlining and delayering; working in teams, diversity and
empowerment (including delegations). We will continue to provide human resources
management services including policies, procedures, program development and
implementation of the full spectrum of human resources functions. Those
functional areas include human resources customer services, human resources
development, employee relations, labor management partnerships, organizational
development, workplace issues, executive personnel management, pay
administration, benefits and incentives administration, performance management,
workforce planning, and quality assessment of agency-wide human resources
practices and customer services initiatives. We will continue developing and
promoting on an agency-wide basis improved principles, standards, policies and
procedures governing overall organization and management systems, and for
facilitating the adoption of the principles of quality across the Agency. We
will continue to provide support to the Administrator's Management Committee, the
Agency's Senior Leadership Council and the President's Management Council as well
as serve as liaison to the Vice President's National Performance Review (NPR).
There will be an increased effort in helping managers in the area of developing
self-managing work teams and reduction of supervisory ratios. The Office will
continue to implement the recommendations of the Cultural Diversity Task Force
and will monitor progress as flattening of organizations takes place. The Office
will support efforts in the re-engineering and streamlining of human resources
systems and processes, including the development of an automated personnel
process. The Office will support building workforce capacity and support of our
Multiple Career Path Program which includes important tools for managers in
support of the re-engineered and delegated human resources system.
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Explanation of Change +22.9 FTE +$3,313.4K (PRO) -$0.3K (AC&C)
This increase is due to the reorganization of OHRM resulting in the
transfer of FTEs from the Management and Organization Division and the
Reinvention Staff. These resources will help in facilitating reinvention efforts
and the organizational and management change process required by the NPR and
Executive Orders. In the future, our HR specialists will be working more in the
role of consultant/advisor helping managers in the areas of developing self-
managed work teams , labor management partnerships , organizational development and
workforce development. Our Program Managers will serve as Senior Analysts
overseeing special projects and work efforts requiring Agency-wide coordination.
This will coincide with implementation of accelerated streamlining across all EPA
organizations, including the President's Executive Orders for meeting the
supervisory ratio, reducing management and streamlining the Agency's structure.
This investment also begins support for the Administrator's initiative to create
a paperless office. We have begun the first step in this process which will
electronically process personnel actions requests from the manager through the
OHROS into the Payroll system. OHROS is also redirecting 10 workyears from the
EPA Training Institute, which will support the goal of the Multiple Career Paths
Program to develop the tools and training necessary to allow our managers to deal
with identifying workforce requirements, providing tools to assess and enhance
current job effectiveness and encouraging self-directed long term career planning
ad providing technology-based training. A disinvestment in transactional
services will be taken from the staffing/classification area. OHROS will
delegate more of these functions to the program offices while at the same time
providing them with reinvention tools such as standardized position descriptions
and guidance on position management.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,226,100 supported by 163.7
total workyears for this program, of which $10,890,200 is from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $335,900 from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The OHROS will continue to provide basic human
resources services, including selection of new employees, classification,
performance management, merit promotion and referral services, labor management
and employee relations, personnel processing and technical assistance, and
advisory services. We will continue to support the Academic Relations Program
and target colleges/universities with a high concentration of minorities and
women in order to attract a culturally diverse workforce. EPA supports
implementation of the NPR recommendation and the Executive Orders on
streamlining and reduction of the workforce including reduction of
supervisors/managers. We will continue to support the comprehensive management
development program, including providing access to assessment services,
Individual Development Plan support, and core supervisory and management courses.
The EPA Institute will continue to further streamline its training delivery
systems and lead development of programs that support the core strategic
curriculum. The Institute continues development of competency menus for major
careers at EPA. It also institutionalizes the non-supervisory leadership program
and maintains other developmental programs (e.g., Secretarial Development,
Greater Leadership Opportunities (GLO), Women for Executive Leadership (WEL),
Goal Setters Reaching for Opportunities (GRO), etc.). We will continue to
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provide assistance to all organizations to enable the Agency to respond to
complex environmental issues and the management and organization changes required
by the reinvention and re-engineering of EPA's processes, structure, and culture.
Delegations of Authority and organizational analyses also strengthen management
processes and operations.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency allocated a total of $12,838,600 supported by 168.3
total workyears for the program, of which $11,058,100 and 168.3 total workyears
were from the Program and Research Operations appropriation and $1,780,500 was
from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These resources were
used to provide human resource services and implement and expand key human
resource initiatives, including the EPA Personnel Action Request System (EPARS).
Management analysis and contract assistance resulted in a series of
organizational, administrative, and management improvements for Agency
responsibilities required by current and new environmental legislation. EPA
continued to support many of its human resource programs including EPA Management
Intern and Presidential Management Intern programs, the Cultural Diversity
Effort, access to assessment services, Individual Development Plan support, core
supervisory and management courses, focal point for information collection and
dissemination, Management Development and the training and development programs
through the EPA Institute.
Organization and Health Services
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,385,100 supported by 24.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,209,200 and 24.8 total workyears will be for the
Program and Research Operations appropriation and $175,900 for the Abatement
Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of $1,331,700
and 21.0 total workyears in the Program and Research Operations appropriation,
and a decrease of $175,700 from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation from 1995. The Agency will continue to coordinate the management
of the planning, design, construction and relocation processes for a new
consolidated Agency headquarters, and focus on design and construction
monitoring. Efforts will be directed toward coordinating interior design plans
with base building renovation in the Ariel Rios, Interstate Commerce Commission
(ICC), and Customs Buildings. Detailed interior space plans and drawings will
be developed. The Agency will continue to develop and implement internal safety,
health, and environmental management policies, programs models, and support
systems; provide technical assistance and high-technology-based training to EPA
field employees in laboratories, field settings and at other facilities and
sites; and ensure that EPA meets its statutory and regulatory mandates. We will
expand our efforts to ensure that Agency processes are as efficient and effective
as possible by: developing internal safety, health, and environmental management
program models and support systems.
Explanation of Change -21.0 FTE -$1,331.7K (PRO) -$175.7K (AC&C)
The decrease in resources reflects the transfer of the Management and
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Organization Division to the Office of Human Resources and Organizational
Services. This transfer will strengthen key employee services and support Agency
reinvention by combining our human resources, management, and organizational
expertise together.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,892,500 supported by 45.8
total workyears for this program, of which $3,540,900 and 45.8 total workyears
are from the Program and Research Operations appropriation and $351,600 is from
the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation. Planning for the new
headquarters facility will focus on continuous project review with a particular
emphasis on design development and construction document drawing review for the
Federal Triangle Building. In addition, renovation plans for the Ariel Rios, ICC
and Customs buildings are assessed to ensure Agency mechanical, electrical and
structural requirements are met. Resources also are devoted to initial interior
space planning including space/design standards development, space surveys, and
space programming for office and special spaces. Safety, Health, and
Environmental Monitoring Division (SHEMD) provides leadership to implement model
safety, health, and environmental management policies and programs which ensure
employees' health and safety while protecting and preserving natural resources.
An overall safety, health, and environmental management program order will be
issued. New and revised programs for such matters as radiation safety at
uncontrolled field sites, risk-based medical surveillance, asbestos management,
underwater diving in contaminated waters, biohazard risk management, pollution
prevention and laboratory waste minimization will be developed and implemented.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $3,579,800 supported by 43.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,217,200 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriations and $362,600 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Refinement of previously established technical
requirement incorporating a number of environmental considerations including
pollution prevention, energy conservation and indoor air quality was necessary
for the new headquarters facility. We continued revising existing internal safety
health, and environmental management policies and programs, and new policies and
programs were developed. Extensive technical assistance and environmental
management activities were provided to all program offices, regional offices and
laboratories. Partial occupancy of EPA's new headquarters was accomplished with
the move of EPA employees to renovated Ariel Rios building spaces.
Contracts and Grants Management - Headquarters
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $20,025,500 supported by 277.6 total
workyears for this program of which $18,985,300 will be for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $1,040,200 will be for the Abatement
Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,028,800
in the Program and Research Operations appropriation and an increase of $123.1
in the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation from 1995. The request
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will enable the Agency to process and award new contracts and purchase orders,
continue the liaison group initiative, and process procurement actions in a
timely manner, and expansion of the Integrated Contracts Management System (ICMS)
to the Regions, Labs, and Program Offices. It will also expand Electronic Data
Interchange (EDI) capabilities; continue efforts to improve contract management;
close out existing contracts within required timeframes; provide training and
track training of project and contracting officers; continue administering EPA
Property; evaluate contractor cost proposals; conduct essential financial
monitoring reviews; process contract terminations and claims; complete Contracts
Information System and contract administration components of ICMS; provide
technical review, policy guidance, development and implementation, and provide
administrative oversight and management to the three procurement operations in
Headquarters, Cincinnati, and Research Triangle Park (RTP) , NC. Also in FY 1996,
in support of the President's order to implement an EDI System, EPA will begin
the implementation of a modern electronic data interchange system. The system
will provide significant labor and price savings as well as a significant
reduction in purchasing lead time. In the grants area, resources will be used
to implement the Performance Partnership Initiative; continue to modify, update,
and simplify assistance regulations; streamline the award process for grants,
cooperative agreements and interagency agreements; improve the post award
administrative oversight and management of assistance awards; enhance the grants
information management system to begin to build the infrastructure that will
allow a paperless assistance process; enhance the role of the Grants Customer
Relations Council and commence revision of the Agency's Administrative Assistance
Manual and increase suspension and debarment actions to combat waste, fraud, and
abuse in Federal assistance and procurement programs.
Explanation of Change -3.2 FTE +$1,028.8K (PRO) +$123.IK (AC&C)
This investment will assist us in Streamlining Grants Management processing
funding packages in a timely manner, continuing to fulfill our commitment to our-
customers and the OIG by providing training to the Agency's 2500+ project
officers, and implementing our "Three Year Action Plan." The PRO increase
additionally provides for pay raise, enrichment, and locality pay for base
workyears. The streamlining and empowerment initiatives embraced by the Agency
will remove a portion of the adminsitrative burden for this office. The savings
of 3.2 workyears reflects the efficiencies for these programs within the Office
of Contracts and Grants Management - Headquarters.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $18,873,600 supported by 280.8
total workyears for this program, of which $17,956,500 and 280.8 total workyears
are from the Program and Research Operations appropriation and $917,100 is from
the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation. These resources are being
used to perform a full range of assistance activities including awarding and
managing contracts, purchase orders, financial monitoring reviews, close out of
contracts, providing procurement training, policy and oversight, contract
property administration, ADP systems support, grants, loans, interagency
agreements, and performing Regional oversight reviews. These resources are also
used for developing suspension and debarment cases under the EPA assistance and
procurement program, deployment of contract award modules of ICMS, implementation
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and contract administration of EDI capabilities to extend to the contract award
and contract administration modules, development of the Contract Delivery Order
Tracking System, strengthening internal grant management controls, building
Region/state/recipient capacity, addressing regulation and policy development,
streamlining the assistance award process, as well as providing Project officer
training.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency used a total of $17,002,500 supported by 262.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $16,023,000 and 262.1 total workyears was
from the Program and Research Operations appropriation and $979,500 was from the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The major accomplishments in
this program area included increased emphasis on contract planning, award,
administration and automated processing of contracts and small purchases:
improved ability in discovering and resolving financial issues in the contractor
community; and improvements of the Headquarters automated grants document
systems, development of a Grant Information System Management Council and the
implementation of another automated grant incumbent system in the Regions. We
aggressively pursued noncompliance actions and recovered substantial Federal and
finalized consolidation of assistance management functions in the Regions to
improve internal controls.
Facilities Management and Services
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,169,600 supported by 181.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $12,447,100 and 181.2 total workyears will
be for the Program and Research Operations appropriation and $722,500 for the
Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of
$947,500 in the Program and Research Operations appropriation and an increase of
$141,500 in the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation from 1995. The
Agency will administer the Nationwide Support, Headquarters Support, and
Buildings and Facilities budgets, provide operational support and housekeeping
services, and continue to monitor and direct contractor resources under support
contracts, and efforts to improve working conditions at the Waterside Mall
Complex.
Explanation of Change -4.4 FTE +$947.5K (PRO) +$141.5K (AC&C)
The dollar increase provides for pay raise and locality pay for base
workyears, as well as contract rate increases. The workyear decrease represents
the transfer of the contract property program to the Office of Acquisition
management.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,080,600 supported by 185.6
total workyears for this program, of which $11,499,600 and 185.6 total workyears
are from the Program and Research Operations appropriation and $581,000 from the
Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation. These funds are being used to
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provide timely, high quality, and cost effective facilities management and
support services for EPA facilities in Washington, RTF, and Cincinnati. These
resources provide on-going services in the areas of property and space
management, operational services, office support printing and publication
operations, security services, and facilities design and construction management.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency allocated a total of $11,095,300 supported by 179.0
workyears for this program, of which $10,722,200 and 179.0 total workyears was
from the Program and Research Operations appropriation and $373,100 from the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. With these resources the Agency
provided responsive facilities management services to EPA facilities in
Washington, RTP, Cincinnati, established better administrative controls over
property management, and effectively managed space needs. We continued to plan
for the new Headquarters facility, began our move to the Ariel Rios building,
improve ventilation throughout Waterside Mall and improve security services.
Information Systems And Services
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $45,502,400 supported by 211.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $13,362,100 and 211.3 total workyears will
be for the Program and Research Operations appropriation and $32,140,300 will be
for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This represents a
decrease of $593,400 and an increase of 2.0 workyears in the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and an increase of $23,672,700 in the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation from 1995. The base dollars provide on-
going data processing and telecommunication services for the Office of
Administration and Resources Management. The requested resources will enable the
Agency to maintain current centrally administered information systems and
services in support of EPA programs and the public. This program provides the
personnel to manage the Agency's central and distributed computing and data
transmission network, major administrative and programmatic data systems, and
library services. In addition, these resources will permit the Agency to
continue to strengthen the information infrastructure needed for Integrated
Environmental Management, including Agency LAN service and Data Integration
provisions. Technical support is provided for the Regional geographic
information systems effort and emphasis is placed on improving data sharing and
integration with state environmental agencies. The data integration efforts will
continue to assist the Agency in cross-media analysis for better risk-based
decisions and more comprehensive compliance and enforcement actions. Further
efforts will be taken to support international activities in environmental data
sharing and information exchange.
Explanation of Change +2 FTE -$593.4K (PRO) +$23,672.7K (AC&C)
An increase of $16,159,300 supports the Office of Administration and
Resources Management's portion of the services provided through the Working
Capital Fund. Postage dollars resources pay for Program postage costs that
provide all routine, day-to-day U.S. Postal Services and includes regular First,
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Third, and Fourth class mail, Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority mail,
registered and certified mail and pouch mail; Federal Express overnight mail and
United Parcel Service shipments. The increase will also provide for
annualization of the February 1995 postal rate increase of 10.3%. National Data
Processing Division operation dollars provide on-going data processing and
telecommunication services for this Program. These services are classified into
five cost centers; Enterprise Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop
Services, Technical Consulting Services and Scientific Computing Services.
Investment resources will provide the Program's share of Depreciation of Capital
Assets, Increased Service Costs, Additional Mainframe Capacity, Investments in
Network Services and Investments in Technical Consulting Services.
The National Data Processing Division workyears are located in the
information systems and services program. However, payroll associated with the
workyears is funded through the Working Capital Fund and is not costed in the
Program and Research Operation appropriation. This represents a decrease of
approximately $3,800,000.
A funding increase of $9,060,200 (to $15,290,000) and additional 3.0
workyears are provided to support priority projects of the Executive Steering
Committee for Information Resources Management (ESCIRM). The ESCIRM, a group of
Agency senior managers responsible for overseeing EPA's Information Resources
Management (IRM) program investments, will implement the highest priorities in
accordance with the EPA IRM strategic plan. Projects include improvements to
Agency data architecture, standards and management, expansion of public access
including the EPA Government Information Locator Service (GILS), acquisition and
preparation of key spatial data sets, and improved electronic management of the
Agency and support for the Common Sense Initiative.
Internal redirections of approximately $4,000,000 were made within this
program to fund the implementation of data standards as well as the Electronic
Office initiative. This investment for data standards relates to the
establishment of a coordinated approach to the implementation of an Agency wide
data architecture to facilitate integration and sharing of cross-media data.
These resources would fund activities of a Central IRM Authority, which
establishes EPA mandatory data standards based on Agency-wide and national
standards that EPA is helping to write, review and revise. The Electronic Office
proposal will provide the Agency the initial steps toward a fully electronic
office that includes an integrated desktop. The desktop projects will include
electronic forms, access to electronic policy documents and administrative
databases, and front-end interfaces to other Agency and public databases. The
investment in FOIMATS provides resources for system development to link imaging
to a modified version of the current system, training for user staff, and
hardware on which to run the system. This will result in reducing work process
cycle time, reduction in paper generation and storage and increased access by EPA
staff to history files.
Disinvestments to fund these proposals includes a 15% reduction in support
to the Research and Development program in our Cincinnati office for LAN support,
graphics, and Information Center operations. Efforts toward the Agency's
backbone expansion in our LAN initiative will be slowed.
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Disinvestments will also discontinue enhancements to the existing
procurement systems and the property system.
The Office of Administration and Resources Management share of the STORE!
support will be eliminated and the Office of Water will support the Operation &
Maintenance for the system.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $22,423,100 supported by 209.3
total workyears for this program, of which $13,955,500 and 209.3 total workyears
are from the Program and Research Operations appropriation and $8,467,600 is from
the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. The Abatement Control and
Compliance appropriation supports the implementation of Geographic Information
Systems and Data Integration/Remote Sensing and International arenas of data
integration. The workyears support the collection and dissemination of
environmental data, the continued maintenance of centrally administered
information systems, and services in support of EPA programs and the public.
This program provides the personnel to manage the Agency's central and
distributed computing and data transmission network, major administrative and
programmatic data systems, and library services. In addition, this program
continues to strengthen information resources management including long and
short-range ADP planning, ADP security, records management, software and data
standard, internal controls on information systems, and systems modernization.
The data integration efforts are assisting the Agency in more extensive cross-
media analysis for better risk-based decisions and more comprehensive compliance
and enforcement actions. The program has expanded the Gateway/Envirofacts
initiative to include the Great Lakes Office Program and the Gulf of Mexico
Program. Also, this program provides start-up resources for the Executive
Steering Committee on IRM and its mandate to continue implementation of IRM
Strategic Planning, which was reported as a material weakness in a report to the
President. In addition, 34 workyears relating to contractor conversion are
reflected in this program. These workyears support the conversion of acquisition
support In the areas of telecommunications and ADP strategic planning,
assessments of technology offerings by industry, and procurement acquisition.
In addition, workyear conversions occurred to address long-standing
vulnerabilities in the areas of IRM security and IFMS support.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $14,862,300 supported by 176.6
total workyears for this program, of which $13,283,800 and 176.6 total workyears
was from the Program and Research Operations Appropriation and $1,578,500 from
the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation. During 1994, EPA implemented
a significantly enhanced version of its Integrated Financial Management System
(IFMS) which added security controls, supported needed improvements in accounts
receivable, expanded travel management capabilities, and implemented a new
reporting module. Several prototypes were developed for the suite modernized
procurement systems which comprise the Integrated Contracts Management System.
The first Agency-wide IRM strategic planning process was successfully established
under the leadership of a senior executive steering committee. The information
policy, security, and records management and Systems Development Center
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infrastructures continued to expand to meet the twin demands of evolving Agency
priorities and rapidly changing technology. Significant progress was made in the
provision of environmental data from both within EPA and beyond to states,
Tribes, and the public through continued development of an agency-wide data
administration program, implementation of the Gateway/Envirofacts system for the
Great Lakes, and the initiation of routine Internet utilization for information
distribution.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of General Counsel „ 11-67
Office of General Counsel 11-68
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of General Counsel
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Office Of General
Counsel
Program & Research $12,699.4 $13,571.8 $13,265.4 $13,402.5 $13,824.9 $422.4 $253.1
Operations
Abatement Control and $1,213.2 $1,213.6 $1,141.7 $1,231.8 $2,468.6 $1,236.8 $1,255.0
Compliance
TOTAL $13,912.6 $14,785.4 $14,407.1 $14,634.3 $16,293.5 $1,659.2 $1,508.1
TOTAL:
Program & Research $12,699.4 $13,571.8 $13,265.4 $13,402.5 $13,824.9 $422.4 $253.1
Operations
Abatement Control and $1,213.2 $1,213.6 $1,141.7 $1,231.8 $2,468.6 $1,236.8 $1,255.0
Compliance
Agency Management TOTAL $13,912.6 $14,785.4 $14,407.1 $14,634.3 $16,293.5 $1,659.2 $1,508.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Office Of General
Counsel
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Office Of General
Counsel
TOTAL WORKYEARS
149.2
149.2
158.4
158.4
164.3
164.3
164.3
164.3
164.3
164.3
172.2
172.2
163.6
163.6
171.5
171.5
164.4
164.4
171.7
171.7
8
8
2
2
1
1
7.4
7.4
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,293,500 and 171.7 total workyears for
this program, of which $13,824,900 will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $2,468,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $422,400 for Program
and Research Operations, an increase of $1,236,800 for Abatement, Control and
Compliance and an increase of 0.2 total workyears.
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,293,500 and 171.7 total workyears for
this program, of which $13,824,900 will be. for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $2,468,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $422,400 for Program
and Research Operations, an increase of $1,236,800 for Abatement, Control and
Compliance and an increase of 0.2 total workyears. The increase in Program and
Research Operations reflects increased personnel costs. The increase in
Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects the transfer of Working Capital Funds,
increased automated legal research costs, and the replacement of outmoded
computer infrastructure.
The OGC will provide legal advice and counsel to Agency management and
media program offices concerning legal interpretation of EPA administered
statutes, other applicable laws, regulations and administrative areas such as •
personnel, grants, contracts, and access by the public to EPA held information.
The OGC will respond to litigation in which EPA is a defendant. Legal support
and review will be provided for all major regulatory actions, policy documents
and guidelines to insure that legal error is avoided.
Our request includes $200,000 for the cost of the necessary upgrades to our
computer hardware to take advantage of Agency communications initiatives such as
the Agency-wide integrated E-Mail. Our pilot test of the integrated E-mail
system has indicated that our existing personal computer inventory is outmoded
and must be replaced or upgraded. Newer generation equipment is also necessary
to take advantage of other recent innovations in automating legal offices.
OGC has, for a number of years, provided access to automated legal research
via LEXIS. While this capacity has always been a feature of OGC's budget, the
service is provided to all Agency attorneys, nationwide. A request of $634,000,
representing a change of $234,000 from the 1995 level is included for legal
research capability in support of enforcement, rule making, legal defense and
assistance activities.
In 1996, this program element contains funds for the Agency's
implementation of the Working Capital Fund, as it relates to operations of the
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OGC. These funds were budgeted elsewhere within the Agency prior to 1996. Funds
will provide for postal services telecommunications services, and data processing
support.
Explanation of Change +0.2 FTE +$422.4K (PRO) +1.236.8K (AC&C)
The increase in Program and Research Operations reflects increased
personnel costs. The increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects the
transfer of Working Capital Funds, increased LEXIS automated research costs, and
the replacement of outmoded computer infrastructure.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $14,634,300 supported by 171.5
total workyears for this program, of which $13,402,500 is from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $1,231,800 is from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
EPA's OGC serves as the primary legal advisor to the Administrator. The
office also provides legal services to all organizational elements of the Agency
with respect to all Agency programs and activities and also provides legal
opinions, legal counsel, and litigation support; and assists in the formation and
administration of the Agency's policies and programs as legal advisor.
Priority activities are the defense of the Agency in litigation, support
to the Agency's promulgation of rules, establishment of policy, and preparation
of guidance documents for the implementation of the Agency's programs, review of
enforcement litigation, the provision of support on administrative law issues,
and the provision of legal advice to program managers. OGC provides legal
support for the development and defense of regulations, policies, and other
program decisions, and review of enforcement litigation. OGC handles all
litigation activities in which EPA is a defendant. OGC works in conjunction with
the Department of Justice, and Offices of Regional Counsel (where relevant) in
the conduct of litigation. National oversight and support is provided to the
ORCs. Grant, contract, and administrative law support is provided to the
Agency's programs, providing legal assistance in the areas of regulation, policy,
and guidance document development; project review; contract review; information
and property law, claims, and personnel matters.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $13,912,600 supported by 158.4
total workyears for this program, of which $12,699,400 was from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $1,213,200 was from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. In 1994, OGC supported priorities by providing
legal advice and support to Agency managers and by defending the Agency in
litigation filed against it. OGC also reviewed regulatory actions to ensure
legal defensibility and provided advice on other actions, such as grants,
contracts, personnel matters, and international matters.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Inspector General 11-71
Office of the Inspector General 11-72
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-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Inspector General
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE INCREASE
1994 BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE 1996 DECREASE DECREASE
1995 1995 1996 REQ 1996 REQ
VS VS
1995 CE 1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Office of Inspector
General
Office of Inspector $22,879.7 $24,723.5 $24,348.9 $24,348.9 $27,943.8 $3,594.9 $3,220.3
General
TOTAL $22,879.7 $24,723.5 $24,348.9 $24,348.9 $27,943.8 $3,594.9 $3,220.3
TOTAL:
Office of Inspector $22,879.7 $24,723.5 $24,348.9 $24,348.9 $27,943.8 $3,594.9 $3,220.3
General
Agency Management TOTAL $22,879.7 $24,723.5 $24,348.9 $24,348.9 $27,943.8 $3,594.9 $3,220.3
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Office of Inspector
General
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Office of Inspector
General
TOTAL UORKYEARS
262.0
262.0
264.6
264.6
267.0
267.0
267.0
267.0
267.0
267.0
281.0
281.0
264.2
264.2
278.2
278.2
289.0
289.0
302.0
302.0
24.8
24.8
23.8
23.8
22.0
22.0
35.0
35.0
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $27,943,800 and 302 total workyears
(includes non-ceiling FTE)for this program, all of which will be for the OIG
appropriation. The total request of $27,943,800 will be used to fund the OIG
workforce and support additional audits of Agency programs, contracts, financial
and internal controls, construction grants, and procurement investigations.
Office of Inspector General
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $27,943,800 and 302 total workyears for this
program, all of which will be for the OIG appropriation. This represents an
increase of $3,594,900 and an increase of 23.8 total workyears, redirected from
the Hazardous Substance-OIG account from 1995 to increase our capacity for audits
of Agency programs, contracts, financial systems, Construction Grants, and
procurement investigations. This increase in the OIG Appropriation reflects
increased personnel costs as well as additional workyears to redirect and realign
OIG resources in better relative proportion to the Agency's areas of highest
risks and National Environmental Goals, and in support of the recommendations of
the National Performance Review.
In 1996, the OIG will continue to provide wide-ranging audit and
investigative coverage to ensure that the Agency's programs are delivered in an
effective, efficient, and economical manner and in compliance with applicable
laws and regulations. OIG audits and investigations will assist the Agency in
identifying areas where improvements can significantly contribute to the Agency
achieving its environmental mission and ensuring a strong enforcement presence.
The OIG will expand audits and investigations of contract management to
include subcontractors and some of the Agency's small contractors where the
Agency is highly vulnerable to fraud, waste and abuse. Also, expanded audit and
investigative work on grants, cooperative agreements, and interagency agreements
will assist the Agency in correcting systemic vulnerabilities in its extramural
funds and in identifying and seeking prosecution of contractors for their
fraudulent practices.
The OIG will expand the audits of Agency management and environmental
programs that are designed to determine the extent to which desired results or
benefits established by the Administration and Congress are being achieved,
identify systemic problems in program implementation, and recommend ways to
assist Agency managers to make improvements. While EPA's overall
responsibilities and resources have increased in recent years, the OIG has not
been able to allocate corresponding increases in the resources to conduct program
audits of these operations. As a result, some programs have received little, if
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any, DIG attention, including radiation, pollution prevention, and the air
program. Also, in response to the recommendations of the National Performance
Review, the OIG will provide more consultative services to the Agency.
The OIG will expand audits of grants made for the construction of
wastewater treatment plants under the Construction Grant Program to assist the
Agency meet its goal of substantially closing out the program by 1997. Since
1968, EPA has awarded grants totalling $55 billion. As of September 1994, the
OIG had not considered for audit or audited projects with grants totalling $12.6
billion.
OIG audits and investigations will prevent the loss of millions of Agency
dollars, identify ways of correcting operational weaknesses, assist the Agency
in determining the extent that desired results or benefits of environmental
programs are being achieved, identify basic causes of many problems, and make
recommendations for significantly improving program and operational
effectiveness. These audits and investigations will also improve the Agency's
procurement process and provide financial advisory and assistance services to
contracting officers and other customers. Investigations of procurement and
acquisition activities should also continue to result in a significant number of
indictments, convictions, suspensions and debarment, fines, and civil recoveries.
The OIG will also continue to support the Agency's needs for pre-award,
interim, and final audits of contracts to determine the eligibility,
allocability, and reasonableness of costs claimed by contractors. Additionally,
the OIG will conduct audits of grants to construct wastewater treatment
facilities, State Revolving Funds, and other grants awarded by the Agency.
Financial audits continue to produce high payoffs for each dollar invested. For
1994, the OIG questioned over $42 of costs as ineligible for each dollar spent
on external audits of grants and contracts.
The OIG will also review the internal controls in the Agency's programs,
functions, operations, and activities and support the Agency's Federal Managers'
Financial Integrity Act (FMFIA) requirements. Additionally, the OIG will
continue to implement its responsibilities under the Chief Financial Officers
Act, including auditing the Agency's financial statements and carrying out its
responsibilities as prescribed in OMB Circular A-128 for single audits. The OIG
will monitor the performance of audits of contracts by CPA contractors, States,
and other Federal agencies under contracts and interagency agreements. ADP,
engineering, and scientific support will be provided to our auditors and
investigators, and reviews will be conducted of the Agency's major computer
systems that continue to grow in number and complexity.
Also, the OIG performs the following activities: operates the Agency's
personnel security program; operates the OIG hotline; coordinates with the Agency
on its suspension and debarment program; reviews OIG field divisions' operations;
and reviews proposed and existing legislation and regulations.
Explanation of Change +23.8 FTE + $3,594.9K (OIG)
For 1996, the Office of Inspector General is requesting the redirection of
23.8 workyears from the Hazardous Substance - OIG Account to the OIG
11-73
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Appropriation along with the realignment of workyears away from areas of
management and lower productivity to areas that are in more relative proportion
to the Agency's risks and provide greater performance results to the Agency.
The DIG is also requesting an increase of $3,594,900 for full funding of the
entire workforce. Specifically we request an increase of 18.8 workyears to
expand our audit and investigative work on Agency subcontractors and small
contractors where the Agency is highly vulnerable; an increase of 15 workyears
for the performance of financial and internal control audits in support of the
Chief Financial Officer Act, and 5.5 workyears for audits of Agency environmental
programs. We also request an increase of $500 for additional audits the
Construction Grant Program to help the Agency close-out that program by 1997.
The OIG is also proposing a reduction of 10.5 workyears currently
supporting various management functions and 5 workyears supporting construction
grant and employee integrity investigations. Additionally we are proposing a
reduction of $500 currently used to support pre-award, interim and final cost
contract audit conducted for EPA by the Defense Contract Audit Agency.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $24,348,900 and 278.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the OIG appropriation. In
addition to conducting performance audits of the Agency's environmental programs,
such as safe drinking water and air, the OIG is focusing its audit efforts on
reviews of financial management and accounting systems, information resources
management systems, the integrity of scientific data, and the management of the
Agency's contracts and assistance agreements (grants, interagency agreements, and
cooperative agreements).
The OIG continues to direct its investigative resources to long-term, high-
impact investigations. Major areas of concern and vulnerability are the Agency's
contract and procurement practices and acquisition management. Additionally,
emphasis is being placed on grants and cooperative agreements, which is
consistent with the OIG procurement initiative which began in 1992 and the
establishment of the Procurement Fraud Division in 1993. This initiative has
yielded a significant number of criminal actions. Investigative efforts are also
being directed to construction grants fraud and program and employee integrity
matters, including personnel security matters.
The OIG is also continuing streamlining efforts by restructuring and
reducing our organization size and administrative processes for greater
operational efficiency, timeliness, and effectiveness. Specifically, we are
undertaking a comprehensive review of our policies and procedures to ensure that
each requirement in the audit process adds value to our products, and to identify
duplicative and inefficient administrative and oversight functions. We are
developing performance measures and senior OIG officials are conducting outreach
activities with Agency officials and staff to increase Agency knowledge of the
OIG and determine how the OIG can be more responsive to the needs of its
customers.
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1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $22,879,700 and 264.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the DIG appropriation. The DIG
issued 1,526 audit reports with questioned costs and recommended efficiencies
(funds be put to better use) totaling $141,000,000 (Federal share). During 1994,
the Agency obtained $67,200,000 of actual cash recoveries as a result of the
OIG's audit efforts. These efforts assist the Agency to better achieve its
environmental mission with limited resources. For example, in response our audit
of Emergency Response Cleanup Services (ERGS) contracts, the Agency has begun
withholding some award fees for ERGS contractors which are not in compliance with
Federal accounting system requirements.
In response to a Congressional request, the OIG conducted a broad, top-
level review of EPA's Information Resources Management (IRM) program. Working
cooperatively as a team with Agency personnel, we catalogued all significant
causes of EPA's IRM problems. We also jointly developed recommendations to the
Administrator for effective solutions. As with IRM, the OIG also responded to
a Congressional request by conducting a review of EPA's financial management
program to identify problems and recommend solutions. Further, the OIG worked
extensively with the Agency to reengineer its Federal Managers' Financial
Integrity Act process, making managers more accountable for evaluating and
improving their programs and for the integrity of their programs and resources.
The OIG also completed audits of EPA's second set of financial statements
prepared in accordance with the Chief Financial Officers Act.
Concentrating our investigative resources on highly vulnerable areas such
as procurement, contract practices, and acquisition management has yielded
significant results. Fines and recoveries generated from investigations during
1994 totaled $1,800,000. Our investigative efforts resulted in 19 indictments,
14 convictions, and 27 administrative actions. These efforts help to deter fraud
by persons and firms doing business with EPA. For example, one contractor was
fined $1,000,000 for attempting to bribe an EPA official to obtain information
on the amount bid by competitors on a building to be constructed by EPA. Also,
the OIG staff actively participated in several Agency-wide Quality Action Teams
and provided training to Agency staff on prevention and detection of fraud.
The OIG has initiated dramatic streamlining steps by restructuring our
organization and work processes for greater staff empowerment and operational
efficiency, increasing the ratio of staff members to supervisors, and improving
our work force diversity. Our streamlining effort has three themes: (1)
increased delegation and decentralization of authority; (2) increased empowerment
of employees with appropriate accountability; and (3) improved work processes and
systems. Relative to these themes, we have completed or currently have in
process several streamlining initiatives. We have increased communication with
Agency management and solicited their direct involvement in the audit planning
process, and we have developed strategic plans in consort with the Agency's
Guiding Principles. We have also revised our audit reports and Semiannual Report
to Congress to achieve a greater balance, highlighting Agency accomplishments
where appropriate. In addition, the Office of Investigations restructured its
organization by consolidating seven divisional offices into three and reducing
the number of supervisory agents from 11 to seven. We have also participated
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with Agency management in joint problem solving through consultative services to
promote economy, efficiency, and effectiveness.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management 11-99
Resource Management - Regions 11-101
Contracts and Grants Management - Regions 11-102
Regional Counsel 11-103
Regional Management 11-104
Planning, Evaluation and Analysis - Regions 11-105
Financial Management - Regions 11-107
Human Resources Management - Regions 11-108
Administrative Management - Regions .... 11-109
Working Capital Fund - OARM . „ 11-111
Working Capital Fund - OARM 11-112
-------
-------
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management
PROGRAM
Resource Management -
Regions
Program & Research
Operations
TOTAL
Contracts & Grants
Management - Regions
Program & Research
Operations
TOTAL
Regional Counsel
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Regional Management
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Program & Research
operation - Flood
TOTAL
Planning, Evaluation &
Analysis - Regions
Program & Research
Operations
TOTAL
Financial Management -
Regions
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Program & Research
operation - Flood
TOTAL
Human Resources
Management - Regions
Program & Research
Operations
TOTAL
Administrative
Management - Regions
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$2,180.1
$2,180.1
$7,490.6
$7,490.6
$6,904.6
$3
$6,904.9
$18,239.3
$937.9
$6
$19,177.8
$6,453.1
$6,453.1
$4,528.7
$3
$34.8
$4,563.8
$5,778.6
$5,778.6
$11,117.4
$33.5
$11,150.9
$2,342.9
$2,342.9
$7,823.6
$7,823.6
$7,677.1
$1.7
$7,678.8
$20,681.5
$854.3
$21,535.8
$6,539.7
$6,539.7
$5,433.1
$5,433.1
$6,364.2
$6,364.2
$11,001.8
$11,001.8
$2,295.4
$2,295.4
$8,706.1
$8,706.1
$7,422.0
$2.4
$7,424.4
$17,044.4
$980.0
$18,024.4
$6,365.9
$6,365.9
$5,112.5
$4.8
$5,117.3
$5,891.2
$5,891.2
$12,535.9
$26.3
$12,562.2
$2,295.4
$2,295.4
$8,670.1
$8,670.1
$7,405.9
$2.4
$7,408.3
$16,982.9
$980.0
$17,962.9
$6,422.5
$6,422.5
$5,107.2
$4.8
$5,112.0
$5,890.8
$5,890.8
$12,466.7
$26.3
$12,493.0
$2,324.6
$2,324.6
$8,341.8
$8,341.8
$8,294.0
$8,294.0
$23,187.5
$852.0
$24,039.5
$7,297.3
$7,297.3
$4,876.6
$4,876.6
$6,147.9
$6,147.9
$13,084.4
$13,084.4
$29.2
$29.2
-$328.3
-$328.3
$888.1
-$2.4
$885.7
$6,204.6
-$128.0
$6,076.6
$874.8
$874.8
-$230.6
-$4.8
-$235.4
$257.1
$257.1
$617.7
-$26.3
$591.4
-$18.3
-$18.3
$518.2
$518.2
$616.9
-$1.7
$615.2
$2,506.0
-$2.3
$2,503.7
$757.6
$757.6
-$556.5
-$556.5
-$216.3
-$216.3
$2,082.6
$2,082.6
11-99
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REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL:
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Program & Research
operation - Flood
Regional Management TOTAL
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Resources Management -
Regions
Contracts & Grants
Management - Regions
Regional Counsel
Regional Management
Planning, Evaluation &
Analysis - Regions
Financial Management -
Regions
Human Resources
Management - Regions
Administrative
Management - Regions
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Resources Management -
Regions
Contracts & Grants
Management - Regions
Regional Counsel
Regional Management
Planning, Evaluation &
Analysis - Regions
Financial Management -
Regions
Human Resources
Management - Regions
Administrative
Management - Regions
TOTAL WORKYEARS
$62,692.4
$972.0
$35.4
$63,699.8
36.4
130.1
90.6
226.8
89.4
86.7
98.8
180.0
938.8
38.1
135.6
97.8
240.5
96.7
90.3
105.1
187.5
991.6
$67,863.9
$856.0
$68,719.9
36.5
148.1
102.7
190.8
96.1
91.4
98.5
193.9
958.0
36.5
148.1
102.7
190.8
96.1
91.4
98.5
193.9
958.0
$65,373.4
$1,013.5
$66,386.9
36.5
148.1
104.2
191.8
96.1
91.4
98.5
207.9
974.5
38.5
159.6
105.2
245.4
100.0
92.7
102.2
230.1
1,073.7
11-100
$65,241.5
$1,013.5
$66,255.0
36.3
145.7
102.7
189.3
95.6.
90.3
97.4
204.6
961.9
38.3
157.2
103.7
242.9
99.5
91.6
101.1
226.8
1,061.1
$73,554.1
$852.0
$74,406.1
36.5
141.8
105.7
191.1
96.1
84.4
100.8
208.9
965.3
38.3
152.5
106.7
240.8
99.7
85.6
104.3
229.5
1,057.4
$8,312.6
-$161.5
$8,151.1
2
-3.9
3.0
1.8
5
-5.9
3.4
4.3
3.4
-4.7
3.0
-2.1
2
-6.0
3.2
2.7
-3.7
$5,690.2
-$4.0
$5,686.2
-6.3
3.0
3
-7.0
2.3
15.0
7.3
1.8
4.4
4.0
50.0
3.6
-5.8
5.8
35.6
99.4
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Regional Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $74,406,100 and 1,057.4 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $8,151,100 and a decrease of 3.7 total workyears from 1995.
Of the request, $73,554,100 will be for Program and Research Operations, and
$852,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $8,312,600 in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and a decrease of $161,500 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Resource Management - Regions
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,324,600 supported by 38.3 total
workyears, of which all will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation. This represents an increase of $29,200 in the Program and
Research Operations appropriation from 1995. This level of funding supports
Regional resource management and control activities, including budget and
operating plan development and workload analysis. These resources also provide
for the implementation of the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act and
further strengthen funds control, and audit follow-up as required by the
Inspector General Act Amendment of 1988.
Explanation of Change +$29.2K (PRO)
The dollar increase provides for pay raise and locality pay for base
workyears.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,295,400 supported by 38.3
total workyears for this program, of which all will be for the Program and
Research Operations appropriation. These resources are being used to conduct
budgeting and resource analysis functions and implement the Federal Managers'
Financial Integrity Act and audit follow-up in the Regional offices.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $2,180,100 supported by 38.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation. These resources allowed Regional Administrators to
effectively and efficiently manage their resources and operating plan processes.
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Contracts and Grants Management - Regions
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,341,800 supported by 152.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation. This represents a decrease of $328,300 and a decrease
of 4.7 workyears from 1995. The grants program awards, administers, and manages
cooperative and interagency agreements and grants for program activities.
Special emphasis will be placed on implementing the Performance Partnership
Initiative; accountability and ensuring that every assistance award complies with
regulatory and policy requirements and that recipients have the financial,
procurement, and property systems to account for and safeguard Federal funds.
In addition, contract and small purchase support will continue to be provided at
our Regional Offices.
Explanation of Change -4.7 FTE -$328.3K (PRO)
A disinvestment in dollars and FTEs reflects streamlining of regional small
purchase and non-Superfund contracting activities in support of the media
programs.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,670,100 and 157.2 total
workyears all of which will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation. These resources provide the Regional program offices with grant
policy and procedural guidance to ensure that recipients of Agency assistance
agreements perform in accordance with all applicable statutes, Agency grant
regulations, Office of Management and Budget circular requirements, and program
special conditions from the time of application through close out of the legal
agreement.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of 7,490,600 and 135.6 total
workyears in the Program and Research Operations appropriation. These resources
provided the Regional Staff with on-going contracts support to the Regional
program personnel. Regional Contracting Staff also provided support to
Headquarters in responding to Congressional, General Accounting Office, Inspector
General, and public inquiries; maintained contract tracking systems; and assisted
Project Officers and work assignments managers in negotiating work plans,
received monthly vouchers and progress reports, and interpreted contract
language. Grants Administration activities provide clear accountability for
business administration responsibilities, promoted the efficient utilization of
resources by providing a core of business expertise and provided a "check and
balance" relationship to assure achievement of both programmatic and
administrative objectives necessary for program integrity.
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Regional Counsel
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,294,000 and 106.7 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation. This represents an increase of $888,100 for Program and Research
Operations, a decrease of $2,400 for Abatement, Control and Compliance and an
increase of 3.0 total workyears. The increase in Program and Research
Operations reflects increased personnel costs as well as the increase in
workyears. The increase in total workyears will support efforts in the regions
to support employment law and ethics counselling.
The passage and/or amendment of many of our statutes has resulted in
significant legal requirements for development of implementing programs as well
as delegations of day to day operating authorities to the states and tribes. In
order to address these resource constraints, we have requested 3.0 new workyears
(for employment law and ethics counselling) and reprogrammed others internally
to better balance our requirements.
The workload occasioned by the Office of Government Ethics' new regulations
and financial disclosure requirements have impacted the Offices of Regional
Counsel by increasing the workload in this area substantially. Required
financial disclosures must be filed by twice as many Agency employees as under
pre-1993 regulations. Requests for ethics opinions have also increased,
reflecting not only the new ethics provisions, but also the heightened awareness
of ethical considerations. The streamlining efforts of our Agency in support of
EPA's reinvention guiding principle will increase the need for personnel and
labor/management counselling. It is important to the success of these efforts
to provide timely and appropriate legal advice to Agency employees and managers.
Explanation of Change +3.0 FTE +888.IK (PRO) -2.4K (AC&C)
This represents an increase of $888,100 for Program and Research
Operations, a decrease of $2,400 for Abatement, Control and Compliance and an
increase of 3.0 total workyears. The increase in Program and Research Operations
reflects increased personnel costs as well as the increase in workyears. The
increase in total workyears will permit increased employment law and ethics
counselling efforts in the regions.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,408,300, of which
$7,405,900 are from the Program and Research Operations appropriation and $2,400
are from the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation, supported by 103.7
FTE. The ORCs participate in litigation related to defense of regional program
actions. Several hundred such cases are anticipated annually. Formal
administrative proceedings involve resolution of procurement and grant disputes,
suspensions and debarment, and personnel related proceedings. The ORCs also
provide attorneys to preside over an ever-increasing number of administrative
enforcement actions in lieu of Administrative Law Judges, as well as hearing
clerks who must docket all administrative pleadings. State program work relating
11-103
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to delegations and authorizations includes review of State legislation and
regulations, assistance to States in developing and implementing authorized
programs, and oversight of States' implementation. ORCs also review many Freedom
of Information Act requests and make business confidentiality determinations.
Legal counselling services consist of providing timely legal advice to the
regional programs on both environmental media-specific and administrative
matters.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $6,904,900 supported by 97.8 total
workyears for the ORCs, $6,904,600 of which was from the PRO appropriation, and
$300 of which was for the AC&C appropriation. In 1994, the ORCs supported Agency
priorities by providing legal advice and support to Regional managers and
defending the Agency in litigation. They also advised on actions such as grants,
contracts, and personnel actions. Additionally, the ORCs activities included
advising State agencies on the legal requirements for assuming environmental
protection programs, assisting in drafting appropriate regulatory language, and
helping to negotiate and document the terms of delegation agreements.
Regional Management
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $24,039,500 and 240.8 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $6,076,600 and a decrease of 2.1 total workyears from 1995.
Of the request, $23,187,500 will be for Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and $852,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $6,204,600 in the Program and
Research Operations appropriation, and a decrease of $128,000 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. The increase in Program and Research-
Operations reflects increased personnel costs.
In 1996 Regional offices will continue to shape and articulate policy for
state and local governments; respond to inquiries from Congress, the news media
and the public; establish regular communications with public interest,
environmental and business groups; maintain an effective Equal Employment
Opportunity program, process Freedom of Information requests, issue critical news
releases; and assist in Regional analytical activities. In addition approximately
240 environmental education grants will be monotored and managmed with regional
managmenet resources
Explanation of Change - 2.1 FTE +$6,204.6 K (PRO) -$128.0 K (AC&C)
This increase represents part of an overall shift in emphasis within the
Offices that are supported under the Regional management program. Streamlining
and empowerment have freed resources in several traditional administrative and
management areas. These decreases have been offset by investments in the
environmental education program and in the Agency's environmental justice
efforts. Specifically, grants managment for the programs will account for 10
additional workyears within this program or approximatley one workyear in each
region. The increase in Program and Research Operations reflects increased
11-104
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personnel costs. The decrease in Abatement Control and Compliance Resources
reflects savings due to better managment practices in procurement.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $17,962,900 and 242.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $16,982,900 is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $980,000 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Regional management offices will continue to emphasize
coordination and dissemination of the increasing number of information requests
including Freedom of Information requests, which are increasing by approximately
20 percent per year. The program will continue issuing critical news releases,
maintaining a Regional Equal Employment program, responding to Congressional
inquiries, and coordinating EPA involvement in major state environmental issues.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 the Agency obligated a total of $19,177,800 and 240.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $18,239,900 was from the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $937,900 was from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. This program provided support for the Regional
Administrators and their immediate staffs, as well as for the basic staff
functions of public affairs, Congressional and intergovernmental activities, the
equal employment opportunity function, and the Freedom of Information Act
program.
Planning. Evaluation and Analysis - Regions
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,297,300 supported by 99.7 total workyears
all of which will be for the Program and Research Operations appropriation. This
represents an increase of $874,800 in Program and Research Operations to support
projected salary and benefit costs in the Regions and 0.2 total workyears.
The ten Regions will perform essential Regional planning, evaluation and
analysis activities. Implementation of the Government Performance and Results
Act (GPRA) will continue as the Regions update their strategic plans and related
budget initiatives. The Regions will work with State, local and tribal
officials, and with non-government organizations (NGOs) to refine and begin
implementation of strategies to meet our national environmental goals. In
addition, the Regions will work with these entities and with their Regional
programs and EPA Headquarters, to develop and refine environmental indicators and
other measures to gauge the success of our strategies. The Regions will
participate in the development and implementation of the Agency's community-based
ecosystem protection efforts through various activities, including coordination
of the Regional Geographic Initiatives. The Regions will engage in activities
to support the Climate Change Action Plan (CCAP) to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions. Regional staff support for state comparative risk projects will
continue. In addition, resources will be used to support the Regions' management
accountability activities as required under the GPRA; conduct program
evaluations; conduct management and regulatory analyses; provide training in the
11-105
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areas of risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication for Regional
and state personnel; and to manage pollution prevention programs in the Regions,
including strategy implementation, training and education, grant oversight, and
support for state and local pollution prevention initiatives.
Explanation of Change +0.2 FTE +$874.8K (PRO)
The $874,800 increase in the Program and Research Operations appropriations
will support projected salary and benefit increases in the Regions. The Regions
will shift resources within activities to support the Agency Strategic Plan and
guiding principles. The Regions will reduce their coordination of management and
reporting systems, by streamlining and/or eliminating incidental reporting to
EPA-HQ. The Regions will also reduce the number of program evaluations that
analyze effectiveness of Regional and state environmental programs, as well as
the number of management systems analyses that support improvement in the
efficiency of Regional operations. The Regions will also devote 2.5 total
workyears to activities that support the CCAP.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,422,500 supported by 99.5
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation.
The ten Regions are performing essential Regional planning, evaluation, and
analysis activities. The Regions are implementing GPRA in two areas. First,
they are updating Regional strategic plans and related annual budget initiatives.
The Regional strategic plans target resources to enhance risk reduction based on
Regional and state comparative risk analyses, and state strategic plans. Second,
the Regions are participating in the National Environmental Goals Project
implementation by working with state, local, and tribal officials, as well as
representatives of environmental groups and industry, to identify key
environmental goals and formulate specific strategies for achieving them. Both
Regional strategic planning and involvement in the Goals Project include elements
of sustainable development, pollution prevention, environmental justice,
environmental and economic forecasting, and cross-media planning to implement
goals. Regional staff support for state comparative risk projects are
continuing. In addition, resources are being used to conduct program
evaluations; conduct management and regulatory analyses; provide training in the
areas of risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication for Regional
and state personnel; and to manage pollution prevention programs in the Regions,
including strategy implementation, training and education, grant oversight, and
support for state and local pollution prevention initiatives.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $6,453,100 supported by 96.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation.
The ten Regions performed essential planning, evaluation and analysis
activities. Strategic planning activities included the development of multi-year
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plans and one-year Regional strategies using comparative risk analysis for the
development of strategic options. To support the development and implementation
of Regional risk strategies, risk assessment, management and communication
activities were undertaken. In addition, Regions provided support for states'
efforts on comparative risk projects. During the year, Regions helped organize
and participated in a series of Roundtables held throughout the country to
develop National Environmental Goals. The Regions also prepared accountability
reports; program evaluations; management and regulatory analyses, including
participating in the design of the Agency's New Regulatory Development Process.
In addition, the Regions implemented pollution prevention plans; adopted
pollution prevention approaches in site-specific decisionmaking; conducted
training and education events for government, industry, and citizen groups;
maintained oversight of pollution prevention state grant activities; integrated
pollution prevention into Regional risk management strategies; and supported
multi-state Regional councils established specifically to deal with pollution
prevention activities.
Financial Management - Regions
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,876,600 supported by 85.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $235,400 and 6.0 total workyears
from 1995. The Regional program provides sound financial management for all
Regional programs. This includes: maintaining the Agency-wide financial
management system; assisting in the preparation of reports, both internal and
external to the Regions; and assuring Regional compliance with Congressional,
Treasury, OMB and other regulatory requirements. In 1996 this data will be
formulated to support reporting for the Government Performance and Results Act
and implementation of the Working Capital Fund. Other objectives of this program
element include providing resource monitoring and payroll/fiscal support
services; ensuring timely collection of monies owed to the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA); implementing Region-wide data integrity and quality
assurance programs to ensure timely, complete, and accurate financial reports;
and safeguarding the Regions' resources to prevent fraud, waste, and abuse. The
Regional Finance Offices will continue to provide accounting, payment processing,
and billings and collections for grants, travel, payroll, contracts, purchase
orders, and all other financial transactions, as well as payroll support and
general ledger activities to the Regional Offices.
Explanation of Change -6.0 FTE -$230.6K (PRO) -$4.8 (AC&C)
The workyear decrease reflects the full year savings from streamlining
initiatives such as a reduction in small purchase invoice payments resulting from
expanded use of the Bankcard program and reductions in general support services.
Workforce costs related to the decrease in FTE are partially offset by the
increase in payroll costs for pay raise and locality pay for base workyears. The
decrease also reflects a reduction in general support services.
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1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,112,000 supported by 91.6
total workyears for this program, of which $5,107,200 is in the Program and
Research Operations appropriation and $4,800 is in the Abatement Control and
Compliance appropriation. This program will continue to provide accounting,
payment processing, and billings and collections for grants, travel, payroll,
contracts, purchase orders, and all other financial transactions, as well as
payroll support and general ledger activities. 1995 reflects full scale
implementation of the Chief Financial Officer Act.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $4,563,800 supported by 90.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,563,500 was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation and $300 was from the Abatement Control and Compliance
appropriation. With these resources, the Financial Management Officers provided
core financial management services including accounts receivable and payable,
grants and travel disbursements, payroll support, financial reporting services,
assistance to states/grantees, financial policy development, financial
review/audit and follow-up and cash management activities. In addition, the
Chief Financial Officer Act was implemented on a pilot basis in several regions.
Human Resources Management - Regions
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,147,900 supported by 104.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation. This represents an increase of $257,100 and 3.2 total
workyears from 1995. The resources will allow Regional personnel offices to meet
basic regulatory requirements. These services include processing recruitment and
classification actions, processing personnel and payroll transactions, providing
advisory services and reorganization reviews, administering the grievance system,
negotiating with unions, managing the Performance Management and Recognition
System, and providing employee development and training.
Explanation of Change +3.2 FTE +$257.IK (PRO)
In conjunction with the Headquarters initiative, resources will be invested
to change the role of the human resources function. In the future, our Human
Resource specialists will be working less on transactional work and more on the
role of consultant/advisor helping managers in the areas of developing self-
managed work teams, labor management partnerships, organizational development,
and Workforce development. This will coincide with implementation of accelerated
streamlining across all EPA organizations.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,890,800 supported by 101.1
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation. These resources are being used to formalize local
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human resource management programs, provide for recruitment, staffing, and
classification actions, conduct position management and pay administration,
process personnel and payroll transactions, administer grievance system and
disciplinary action procedures, provide employment development and training,
consult and negotiate with local unions, conduct special studies, and advise
Regional managers on the above functions. Recruitment for the contractor
conversion program is a. major 1995 effort.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $5,778,600 supported by 105.1
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation. With these resources, the Regional personnel offices
provided on-going personnel services to support the accomplishment of the
Regions' program operations and goals, provided better training programs for
Regional employees, and initiated human resources management programs.
Administrative Management - Regions
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,084,400 supported by 229.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Program and Research
Operations appropriation. This represents an increase of $591,400 and 2.7 total
workyears from 1995. Resources will allow the Regions to provide administrative
management services that include maintaining administrative information systems
and minicomputer operations, ensuring Automatic Data Processing (ADP) operations
support for streamlining initiatives, managing PC network equipment and ADP
systems acquisition, and coordinating Regional records management. Development
of state data management plans to ensure efficient and reliable methods of
State/EPA data sharing will receive priority attention. In addition, this
program will ensure the safety and security of Regional personnel, manage
property and supplies, provide general office services and program management for
all support services.
Explanation of Change +2.7 FTE +$617.7K (PRO) -26.3 (AC&C)
The increase in FTE and dollars provides data systems support needed for
streamlining initiative such as purchasing, travel and grants management. The
increase also provides for payroll increments for existing FTE for pay raise;
locality pay for base workyears; increased administrative management services and
safety and security initiatives. The reduction reflects a reduction in
administrative managment activities.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,493,000 supported by 226.8
total workyears for this program, of which $12,466,700 is in the Program and
Research and Operations appropriation and $26,300 is in the Abatement Control and
Compliance appropriation. These resources are being used to provide the Regions
with administrative management activities in the areas of information management,
specifically Geographic Information Systems (CIS) activities, health and safety
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and environmental compliance, and facilities support. This program will continue
to improve methods for EPA and states to share environmental data.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $11,150,900 supported by 187.5
total workyears for this program, of which $11,117,400 was from the Program and
Research Operation appropriation and $33,500 was from the Abatement Control and
Compliance appropriation. With these resource, the Regions provided
administrative management services and implemented information management plans
to increase use of personal computers and integrate electronic telecommunications
lines to achieve cost saving and productivity gains.
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REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Working Capital Fund - OARM
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Working Capital Fund -
Office of Adm. and
Resources Management
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$1,680.6 $1,680.6 $1,680.6
$1,680.6 $1,680.6 $1,680.6
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$1,680.6 $1,680.6 $1,680.6
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Working Capital Fund -
Office of Adra. and
Resources Management
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Working Capital Fund
Office of Adm. and
Resources Management
TOTAL WORKYEARS
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
WORKING CAPITAL FUND - OARM
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,680,600 for 1996, all of which is for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of
$1,680,600 from 1995.
Working Capital Fund - OARM
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,680,600, all for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation, to establish a program element for Working Capital
Fund resources for regional management and support. Services include Postage
Dollars to pay for Program postage costs that provide all routine, day-to-day
U.S. Postal Services and includes regular First, Third, and Fourth class mail,
Post Office Express Mail, two-day priority mail, registered and certified mail
and pouch mail; Federal Express overnight mail and United Parcel Service
shipments; and National Data Processing Division operations to provide on-going
data processing and telecommunication services for the program offices. These
services are classified into five cost centers; Enterprise Computing Services,
Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical Consulting Services and Scientific
Computing Services.
Explanation of Change +1.680.6K (AC&C)
This increase in funds establishes the Working Capital Fund for FY 1996.
In the past, these services have been centrally managed for the Agency. The
services are now allocated to the actual users of these services. These funds
represent the share of the Region's management and support costs.
FY 1995 Program
The Working Capital Fund was not established in FY 1995.
FY 1994 Accomplishments
The Working Capital Fund was not established in FY 1994.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
SUPPORT COST
Support Costs 11-113
Laboratory Support - Pesticides and Toxic Substances 11-116
Lab Support - Air and Radiation 11-117
Professional Training 11-117
Nationwide Support Services ' 11-119
Headquarters Support Services 11-120
Regional Support Services 11-122
Automated Data Processing Support Costs 11-123
-------
-------
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
SUPPORT
Support
ENACTED
1995
COSTS
Costs
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Lab Support -
Pesticides & Toxic
Substances
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Lab Support - Air And
Radiation
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Professional Training
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Nationwide Support
Services
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Office of Inspector
General
FIFRA Revolving Fund
TOTAL
Headquarters Support
Services
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Office of Inspector
General
FIFRA Revolving Fund
TOTAL
Regional Support
Services
Program & Research
Operations
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Office of Inspector
General
TOTAL
$372.4
$372.4
$2,015.9
$2,015.9
$513.9
$513.9
$2,048.7
$125,483.5
$1,426.1
$2,350.0
$131,308.3
$469.3
$49,113.0
$615.9
$355.5
$50,553.7
$498.6
$44,907.4
$615.2
$46,021.2
$359.0
$359.0
$2,077.6
$2,077.6
$1,108.4
$1,108.4
$2,435.7
$138,144.3
$1,270.8
$141,850.8
$58,837.4
$611.5
$59,448.9
$54,797.4
$623.4
$55,420.8
$90.4
$90.4
$1,732.6
$1,732.6
$1,055.7
$1,055.7
$3,450.6
$135,233.6
$1,226.9
$139,911.1
$1,759.8
$53,808.0
$611.5
$56,179.3
$593.2
$53,460.1
$617.1
$54,670.4
$90.4
$90.4
$1,709.9
$1,709.9
$1,053.8
$1,053.8
$3,450.0
$134,910.5
$1,226.9
$1,810.0
$141,397.4
$1,759.8
$53,709.9
$611.5
$555.0
$56,636.2
$575.9
$53,271.6
$617.1
$54,464.6
$657.1
$657.1
$2,082.9
$2,082.9
$1,113.0
$1,113.0
$3,450.0
$138,217.8
$1,420.1
$143,087.9
$2,098.8
$53,089.1
$750.4
$55,938.3
$1,578.3
$55,640.7
$622.2
$57,841.2
$566.7
$566.7
$373.0
$373.0
$59.2
$59.2
$3,307.3
$193.2
-$1,810.0
$1,690.5
$339.0
-$620.8
$138.9
-$555.0
-$697.9
$1,002.4
$2,369.1
$5.1
$3,376.6
$298.1
$298.1
$5.3
$5.3
$4.6
$4.6
$1,014.3
$73.5
$149.3
$1,237.1
$2,098.8
-$5,748.3
$138.9
-$3,510.6
$1,578.3
$843.3
-$1.2
$2,420.4
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ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs
ENACTED CURRENT
1995 ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST INCREASE
1996 DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Automated Data
Processing Support
Services
Abatement Control and $50,188.3 $48,748.7 $46,777.0 $46,695.7 $787.1 -$45,908.6 -$47,961.6
Compliance
Office of Inspector $130.0 $129.7 $129.7 $129.7 $130.0 $3 $3
General
TOTAL $50,318.3 $48,878.4 $46,906.7 $46,825.4 $917.1 -$45,908.3 -$47,961.3
TOTAL:
Program & Research $3,016.6 $2,435.7 $5,803.6 $5,785.7 $7,127.1 $1,341.4 $4,691.4
Operations
Abatement Control and $272,594.4 $304,072.8 $292,157.4 $291,441.8 $251,587.7 -$39,854.1 -$52,485.1
Compliance
Office of Inspector $2,787.2 $2,635.4 $2,585.2 $2,585.2 $2,922.7 $337.5 $287.3
General
FIFRA Revolving Fund $2,705.5 $2,365.0 -$2,365.0
Support Costs TOTAL $281,103.7 $309,143.9 $300,546.2 $302,177.7 $261,637.5 -$40,540.2 -$47,506.4
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Lab Support -
Pesticides & Toxic
Substances
Lab Support - Air And
Radiation
Professional Training
Nationwide Support
Services
Headquarters Support
Services
Regional Support
Services
Automated Data
Processing Support
Services
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Lab Support -
Pesticides & Toxic
Substances
Lab Support - Air And
Radiation
Professional Training
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SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Nationwide Support
Services
Headquarters Support
Services
Regional Support 36.0 36.0 33.4 -2.6 33.4
Services
Automated Data
Processing Support
Services
TOTAL WORKYEARS 36.0 36.0 33.4 -2.6 33.4
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
SUPPORT COSTS
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $261,637,500 and 33.4 workyears, of which
$7,127,100 and 33.4 workyears is for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, $251,587,700 is for the Abatement Control and Compliance
appropriation, and $2,922,700 is from the Inspector General appropriation. This
represents a increase of $1,341,400 in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, a decrease of $39,854,100 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, an increase of $337,500 in the Inspector General appropriation and
a decrease of 2,365,000 in the FIFRA Revolving Fund.
Laboratory Support - Pesticides and Toxic Substances
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $657,100 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This funding level
represents an increase of $566,700 from the 1995 level.
Resources will be used for basic facilities and operation and maintenance
costs for the laboratories in Beltsville, Maryland; Bay St. Louis, Mississippi;
and Cincinnati, Ohio. These costs include utilities, security, communications,
warehousing, custodial services, and building maintenance. These resources will
also provide for the purchase of new laboratory equipment to replace equipment
which is obsolete or no longer cost-effective to repair, and cover increasing
maintenance costs for existing equipment. The resources will also provide for
the purchase of equipment to build analytical capacity for biotechnology and-
other unique products which cannot be validated with traditional laboratory
instruments.
Explanation of Change +$566.7 K (AC&C)
An increase of $300,000 is for the procurement of long lead items for the
planned 1997 consolidation of the Beltsville and Cincinnati laboratories with
those of Region III at a new facility in Fort Meade, Maryland.
The remaining increase reflects the correction of an error made during the
development of the 1995 operating plan, in which resources for laboratory support
activities were erroneously placed in other program areas. This error was
corrected after the 1995 operating plan was approved.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $90,400 for this program, all
of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The 1995
program supports the facilities, operations, and maintenance costs for the
laboratories in Beltsville, Maryland and Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. These costs
include utilities, security, communications, warehousing, custodial services,
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building maintenance, purchase of new laboratory equipment to replace equipment
which is obsolete or no longer cost-effective to repair, equipment maintenance,
building biotechnology capacity, and analyzing unique products which cannot be
validated with traditional analytical laboratory instruments.
1994 Program
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $372,400 for this program, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The funds
were used for the general support and maintenance of the laboratories.
Laboratory Support - Air and Radiation
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,082,900, all from the Abatement Control
and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $373,000. In 1996,
this program will support the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory
(NVFEL) in Ann Arbor, Michigan; the National Air and Radiation Environmental
Laboratory (NAREL) in Montgomery, Alabama; and the Las Vegas radiation facility
(LVF) in Nevada. The funds provide basic operation and maintenance support at
these locations. The support provided includes security, janitorial, and
maintenance services; utilities; General Services Administration vehicles;
supplies and materials; and communications.
Explanation of Change +/' ° FTE +/' ° (PRO) + $373.OK (AC&C)
The $373,000 increase in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation reflects increased lab expenses.
1995 Program
In 1995 the Agency is allocating $1,709,900 to support the three
laboratories, all from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The
1995 program is providing the same types of activities described for 1996: basic
laboratory operations, maintenance, and supplies. These activities are required
on a continuing basis for effective and safe laboratory operation.
1994 Program
In 1994 the Agency allocated a total of $2,015,900 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These
funds provided the basic facilities operations and maintenance costs necessary
to operate the three laboratories.
Professional Training
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,113,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
an increase of $59,200 in the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation from
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1995. The Agency will continue to offer training and development opportunities
to EPA employees and managers. For supervisory and managerial development, the
Agency will continue to emphasize assessment and career counseling activities and
will provide access to core supervisory and managerial training courses. It will
also support a career counseling initiative and assessment activities to identify
development needs for candidates for supervisory and managerial positions. The
EPA Institute will further streamline its training delivery systems and lead
development of programs that support the core strategic curriculum. The
Institute will continue to develop competency menus for major careers at EPA.
It will also institutionalize the non-supervisory leadership program. EPA will
continue supporting implementation of the Agency Assessment Programs and will
continue to implement recommendations of the Cultural Diversity Task Force.
Current activities of the Presidential Management Intern Program and the Greater
Leadership Opportunities Program for women and minorities will continue. The
Agency will also continue to support the Career Advisory Committees and the Human
Resources Council.
Explanation of Change +$59.2K (AC&C)
The increase allows us to continue current activities and fund contract
rate increases for training.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,053,800 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation. The
Agency is continuing to offer training and development opportunities to EPA
employees and managers. However, for some courses the tuition and expenses are
being shared by the Agency program offices. For supervisory and managerial
development, the Agency is continuing to emphasize .assessment and career
counseling activities and is providing access to core supervisory and managerial
training courses. It is also adding basic skills training courses and sexual
harassment seminars and is supporting a career counseling initiative and
assessment activities to identify development needs for supervisory and
managerial positions. The EPA Institute is streamlining its training delivery
systems and offering self-paced instruction in its technology-based learning
laboratory. The Institute is beginning to develop competency menus for major
careers in EPA. It is also developing and implementing new course offerings
identified in the core curriculum that support EPA's strategic direction. Non-
supervisory leadership programs, including Greater Leadership Opportunities and
Goalsetters Reaching for Opportunities, will continue on a limited basis and with
program office support. EPA is continuing to support implementation of Total
Quality Management by maintaining quality TQM training to Agency and State
environmental employees. In addition, advanced TQM training is being developed
to provide quality management and team leadership/facilitation skills.
The Agency is beginning to implement recommendations generated from the
Cultural Diversity Task Force. Activities of the Presidential Management Intern
program are being maintained, however, on a smaller scale that in previous years.
The Agency will continue to support the Career Advisory Committees and the Human
Resources Council.
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1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated $513,900 for this program, all of which was
from the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation. These resources allowed
EPA to create and provide training and development opportunities for EPA
employees and managers. The Agency continued to work on the recommendations of
the Cultural Diversity Task Force. Activities of the Presidential Management
Intern Program, EPA Management Intern Program, and the GLO Program for women and
minorities were maintained. The Agency also continued to support the career
advisory committees and the Human Resources Council.
Nationwide Support Services
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $143,087,900 for this program, of which
$3,450,000 will be for the Program and Research Operations appropriation,
$138,217,800 will be for the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation, and
$1,420,100 will be for the Inspector General appropriation. This represents an
increase of $3,307,300 in the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation, an
increase of $193,200 in the Inspector General appropriation, and a decrease of
$1,810,000 in the FIFRA Revolving Fund from 1995. The increase in Abatement
Control and Compliance provide for the escalation in GSA rent cost direct lease
and rate increases. The decrease in the Program and Research Operations
appropriation reflects costs associated with the $80 per person reimbursement to
the retirement fund specific to 1995. These resources will provide for quality
Agency-wide support costs which includes space rental, national security, cost
associated with the addition of the Ariel Rios Building and other buildings
within the New EPA Headquarters complex, Code of Federal regulations typesetting,
unemployment compensation, workmen's compensation, buyout escrow, Agency-wide
safety, health, and environmental management program, personnel support for
Public Health Service Commissioned Officers, and the Integrated Financial
Management System and the Integrated Contracts Management System. The Agency's
postage, FTS and telecommunications costs are in the Working Capital Fund.
Support costs for FIFRA personnel will continue to be funded from the FIFRA
Revolving Fund.
Explanation of Change +$3,307.3 K (AC&C) +$193.2 K (Inspector General)
-$1,810.0 K (FIFRA)
The Abatement Control and Compliance increase represents a net change
between investments for GSA Rent and Direct Leases ($11.0M) and the transfer of
resources for the establishment of the Working Capital Fund. The increase also
provides for the escalation in GSA rent cost direct lease and rate increases, as
well as use permits, licensees, and other expenses generally related to special
purpose space. The decrease in the Program and Research Operations appropriation
also reflects resource realignment from Nationwide Support to Headquarters
Support Services. The reduction in FIFRA resources is the result of the Agency
not requesting dollars from the FIFRA revolving fund with the annual President's
Budget.
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1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating $141,397,400 for this program, of which
$3,450,000 is from the Program and Research Operations appropriation,
$134,910,500 is from the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation,
$1,226,900 is from the Inspector General appropriation, and $1,810,000 for the
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, Rodenticide Act Revolving Fund. These funds pay
for quality Agency-wide support costs including space rental, New Headquarters
project costs, postage, FTS and telecommunications costs (Working Capital Fund),
national security, Code of Federal regulations typesetting, unemployment
compensation, workmen's compensation, an Agency-wide safety, health, and
environmental management program, and personnel support for Public Health Service
Commissioned Officers, the Integrated Financial Management System and the
Integrated Contract Management System.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $131,308,300 for this program, of
which $2,048,700 was from the Program and Research Operations appropriation,
$125,483,500 was from the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation,
$1,426,100 was from the Inspector General appropriation, and $2,350,000 from the
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, Rodenticide Act Revolving Fund. These resources
allowed the Agency to pursue several nationwide support efforts in the areas of
space planning telecommunications, information security, personal property
management, and safety, health and environmental management.
Headquarters Support Services
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $55,938,300 for this program, of which
$53,089,100 will be for the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation,
$2,098,800 will be for the Program and Research Operations appropriation, and
$750,400 will be for the Inspector General appropriation. This represents a
decrease of $620,800 in the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation, an
increase of $339,000 in the Program Research and Operations appropriation and an
increase of $138,900 in the Inspector General appropriation, and a decrease of
$555,000 in the FIFRA Revolving Fund from 1995. This increase provides for cost
escalations to security contracts, will cover anticipated utility rate increases,
and provides for other contract rate increases. These resources will provide
Headquarters Support services at Washington, RTP, and Cincinnati including motor
pool, printing and copying, telephones, utilities, facilities operations and
maintenance, health unit and ADP technical support. Data integration efforts
will be strengthened through the Information Infrastructure for Integrated
Environmental Management including Agency LAN service and cross-media information
services in support of the Agency emphasis on compliance, enforcement, and
pollution prevention strategies. The reduction in FIFRA resources is the result
of the Agency not requesting dollars from the FIFRA revolving fund with the
annual President's Budget.
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Explanation of Change +$339.0 K (PRO) -$620.8 K (AC&C)
+$138.9 K (Inspector General) -$555.0 K (FIFRA)
The decrease in the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation will
diminished shuttle services, copier services, and mail operations. The decrease
in resources also reflects resource realignments from headquarters support for
the establishment of the Working Capital Fund for the Agency.
The increase in the Program and Research Operations appropriation reflects
support for the Transit Subsidy Program at Headquarters, as well as a small
increase in funding for GSA vehicle rental which must be charged to travel
ceiling.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $56,636,200 for this program,
of which $53,709,900 is from the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation,
$1,759,800 is from the Program and Operations and Research appropriation,
$611,500 is from the Inspector General appropriation, and $555,000 is for the
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, Rodenticide Act Revolving Fund. These resources
are being used to provide on-going office, building, and information management
services to EPA operations in Washington, RTP, and Cincinnati. With this funding
level the Agency will provide adequate on-going services necessary to operate and
manage EPA Headquarters facilities, office supply/support services, and
management information systems. Additionally, the Agency continues to carry out
its operating plans for delegation of authority for lease enforcement/building
operations at headquarters facilities, and continues to refine procedures for
property management/inventory control. We are initiating the first phase of
interior space planning that is developing Agency specific space standards and
conceptual layouts. In addition, we are continuing our facility improvement and
health and safety efforts at the Waterside Mall Complex and medical surveillance
activities for Headquarters employees.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated $50,553,700 for this program, of which
$469,300 was from the Program Operations and Research appropriation, $49,113,000
was from the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation, $615,900 was from
the Office of Inspector General appropriation, and $355,500 was from the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide, Rodenticide Act Revolving Fund. These resources provided
on-going office, building, and information management services to EPA operations
in Washington, RTP, and Cincinnati. With this funding, the Agency provided on-
going services necessary to operate and manage EPA Headquarters facilities,
office supply/support services, and management information systems. In addition,
we continued our facility improvement and health and safety efforts at the
Waterside Mall complex and medical surveillance activities for Headquarters
employees.
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Regional Support Services
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $57,841,200 for this program, of which
$55,640,700 will be for the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation,
$1,578,300 and 33.4 workyears will be for the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and $622,200 will be for the Inspector General appropriation.
This represents an increase of $2,369,100 in the Abatement Control and Compliance
appropriation, an increase of $1,002,400 and a decrease of 2.6 workyears in the
Program and Research Operations appropriation, and $5,100 in the Inspector
General appropriation from 1995. These resources will provide the ten Regional
Offices with basic support services including printing and copying, minicomputer
operations, utilities, mail, telephone, library operations, general training,
office and laboratory facility maintenance, and technical support as well as
regional moves.
Explanation of Change -2.6 FTE +$1,002.4K (PRO) +$2,369.IK (AC&C)
+$5.1 (Inspector General)
Investments will fund our utility and operations and maintenance costs at
EPA Regional Offices. This includes contract and labor rate increases for
utilities and operations costs at these facilities.
The increase in PRO provides full funding for the 33.4 nonceiling workyears
that support the Regional Stay in School program. In 1995 these funds have
already been distributed across Regional program elements.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $54,464,600 for this program,-
of which $53,271,600 is from the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation,
$575,900 and 36.0 workyears is from the Program and Research Operations
appropriation, and $617,100 is from the Inspector General Appropriation. These
resources are being used to provide basic office, building, and information
management services to the Regions. In addition, funding is provided to pay for
Regional moves.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $46,021,200 of which $44,907,400
was from the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation, $498,600 was from
the Program and Research Operations appropriation, and $615,200 was from the
Inspector General appropriation. These funds provided the basic facilities
operations and maintenance costs necessary to operate the three laboratories.
These activities were required on a continuing basis for effective and safe
laboratory operation.
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Automated Data Processing Support Costs
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $917,100 for this program, of which $787,100
will be for the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation and $130,000 from
the Inspector General appropriation. This represents a decrease of $45,908,600
in Abatement, Control and Compliance and an increase of $300 in the Inspector
General from 1995. The decrease is due to the establishment of the Agency
Working Capital Fund. Remaining resources fund library functions, such as
scientific journals, technical manuals and books, CD ROM support, and on line
literature searches in RTF for both EPA and non-EPA clients.
Explanation of Change -$45,908.6K (AC&C) +$.3K (Inspector General)
The decrease in funding is due to the establishment of the Agency-wide
Working Capital Fund. These funds are now included in each media description.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $46,825,400 of which $46,695,700 is
from the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation and $129,700 is from the
Inspector General appropriation. These funds provide the mainframe computing
capacity, telecommunications network, quality workstation support, and operations
to support the access and use of environmental and management data. Resources
will also provide for high speed communications link between RTP, North Carolina
and the Agency's Supercomputer in Bay City, Michigan and support High Performance
Computing and Communications activities.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated $50,318,300 for this program, of which
$50,188,300 was for the Abatement Control and Compliance appropriation and
$130,000 was from the Office of Inspector General appropriation. These funds
were used to maintain adequate services for demand on computing support for all
Agency programs, exclusive of Superfund. These resources also provided basic
support to the National Data Processing Division in its three data centers and
the wide area data telecommunications network.
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11-124
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
New Facilities
New Facilities
Repairs and Improvements . .
Repairs and Improvements
Page
12-1
12-5
12-6
12-8
12-9
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-------
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Buildings & Facilities $21,222.9 $43,609.0 $43,609.0 $43,609.0 $112,820.0 $69,211.0 $69,211.0
TOTAL,Buildings & Facilities $21,222.9 $43,609.0 $43,609.0 $43,609.0 $112,820.0 $69,211.0 $69,211.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS $36,363.5 $66,461.1 $63,083.0 $63,083.0 $91,928.0 $28,845.0 -$3,378.0
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS Authorization is by virtue of the Appropriation Act.
12-1
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BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
DIFFERENCE
PRES. CURRENT -
BUDGET ENACTED ESTIMATE ENACTED VS EST. VS EST. VS
1995 1995 1995 PRES. BUD PRES. BUD ENACTED
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Buildings & Facilities $43,609.0 $43,609.0 $43,609.0
TOTAL, Buildings & Facilitie $43,609.0 $43,609.0 $43,609.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
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BUILDING AND FACILITIES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Buildings and Facilities appropriation funds the design, construction,
repair, and improvement of buildings occupied by the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA). The Agency has ten Regional offices with associated Regional
laboratories, two large research and development laboratory complexes, a number
of field stations with laboratory facilities and a large Headquarters operation
in nine different locations in the Washington, DC area.
This program provides a safe and healthy work environment for EPA employees
by providing for renovation upgrades and repair or replacement of our facilities.
We are implementing intermediate and long-range plans which assess alternative
housing options for EPA operations, as well as continuing a repair program that
protects the Agency's investment in EPA real property holdings. We are also
upgrading and modifying current facilities to more adequately and efficiently
address the Agency's changing programs as well as implementing cost-effective
energy and water conservation measures at EPA-occupied, federally-owned
buildings. We will continue to emphasize environmental compliance and health and
safety efforts in EPA facilities by removing asbestos and PCBs, upgrading fire
and life safety systems, and upgrading heating, ventilation and air conditioning
systems to meet the most current ventilation and CFG removal standards.
FY 1996 Program Highlights
The FY 1996 Buildings and Facilities program continues major initiatives
to correct deficiencies in the Agency's facilities' infrastructure. Ongoing and
proposed new construction will be managed through design and construction phases.
Included in these plans are the completion of construction of a new government-
owned facility at Fort Meade, Maryland to replace Region Ill's Central Regional
Laboratory in Annapolis, Maryland and buildout of a new government-owned
Headquarters facility in the newly constructed Federal Triangle Building and the
renovated Ariel Rios Building. We will begin the infrastructure phase of the new
Consolidated Laboratory at Research Triangle Park, NC. Additionally, we will
continue the repair and improvement programs at our existing laboratories and the
"green lights" program.
Technical assistance will be provided to the Headquarters and Regional
offices for planning layouts and to more efficiently use space. Agency-wide
facilities standards and master planning will be used in implementing the
replacement of our laboratory infrastructure. Critical fire safety abatement
activities will continue and'all of EPA-owned facilities with CFC chillers will
be converted to high efficiency, non-CFC systems. We will continue to do energy
audits and take corrective action to achieve compliance with the President's
Executive Order.
Buildings and Facilities resources will be required to ensure that the New
Headquarters facility is functionally responsive, reflective of our mission, and
built to the quality standards of a national headquarters facility. Specific
examples of quality include: improved indoor air quality; adequate power and
lighting consistent with EPA's energy efficiency initiatives; raised floors to
12-3
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ensure flexibility in layout of space; higher grade finishes necessary to provide
high wear resistance; and appropriate acoustical properties.
12-4
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BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
New Facilities
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
New Facilities
Buildings & Facilities $8,973.2 $30,586.9 $30,586.9 $30,586.9 $95,796.0 $65,209.1 $65,209.1
TOTAL $8,973.2 $30,586.9 $30,586.9 $30,586.9 $95,796.0 $65,209.1 $65,209.1
TOTAL:
Buildings & Facilities $8,973.2 $30,586.9 $30,586.9 $30,586.9 $95,796.0 $65,209.1 $65,209.1
New Facilities TOTAL $8,973.2 $30,586.9 $30,586.9 $30,586.9 $95,796.0 $65,209.1 $65,209.1
12-5
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BUILDING AND FACILITIES
NEW FACILITIES
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $95,796,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Building and Facilities appropriation. This represents an
increase of $65,209,100 from 1995. In 1996, funds will be used for the build-out
of EPA's New Headquarters facility; the final construction phase of the Region
3 Central Regional Laboratory (CRL) located at Ft. Meade, MD; and to begin the
first phase of construction of the new Consolidated Laboratory at Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Explanation of Change +$65,209.IK (B&F)
The increase of $65,209,100 will ensure that EPA's New Headquarters
facility will be functionally responsive, reflective of EPA's mission, and built
to the quality standards for a National Headquarters facility. Resources will
be required for adequate power and lighting efficiency to ensure consistency with
EPA's lighting efficiency initiative and HVAC/air distribution to ensure adequate
indoor air quality in the Federal Triangle, Custom and ICC buildings. Additional
funds will be used for proven life-cycle cost advantages such as layout and
configuration of office space. These funds will also be used to construct the
Region 3 Central Regional Laboratory (CRL) phase of the Environmental Science
Center at Fort Meade, MD, which is presently located in Annapolis, MD. The
Annapolis CRL requires replacement due to inadequate heating, ventilating, air
conditioning systems, water supply, sewage systems, environmental compliance
program and changes in the mission of the facility. These deficiencies present
serious health, safety and operation problems. Resources will also be used for
the infrastructure phase of the Research Triangle Park, NC project which
includes: site development including roads and utility/water lines; and
expansion of the central utility plant including installation of boilers and
chillers. This is the first of four phases to construction to complete this
$232 million construction project.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating $30,586,900 for this program, all of
which is from the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. These funds are being
used to address critical technical and mission requirements in the consolidation
of EPA's headquarters offices and for the construction of the Office of
Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances' Analytical Chemistry Laboratory at
Ft. Meade, MD.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $8,973,200 in the Building and
Facilities appropriation. These funds were used to continue the design of the
Environmental Science Center at Fort Meade, Maryland and to complete design of
the Consolidated Laboratory Complex at Research Triangle, North Carolina. Funds
12-6
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obligated for the Center for Research, Ecology and Training at Bay City, Michigan
were for acquisition of several parcels of land an continued planning and design
efforts.
12-7
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BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
Repairs & Improvements
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Repairs & Improvements
Buildings & Facilities $12,249.7 $13,022.1 $13,022.1 $13,022.1 $17,024.0 $4,001.9 $4,001.9
TOTAL $12,249.7 $13,022.1 $13,022.1 $13,022.1 $17,024.0 $4,001.9 $4,001.9
TOTAL:
Buildings & Facilities $12,249.7 $13,022.1 $13,022.1 $13,022.1 $17,024.0 $4,001.9 $4,001.9
Repairs & Improvements TOTAL $12,249.7 $13,022.1 $13,022.1 $13,022.1 $17,024.0 $4,001.9 $4,001.9
12-8
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BUILDING AND FACILITIES
REPAIRS AND IMPROVEMENT
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,024,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. This represents an
increase of $4,001,900 from 1995. These funds will provide engineering, design,
and construction related to the repair and improvement of buildings occupied by
EPA. More specifically, these funds will be used to address: critical repairs
related to employee health and safety (fire protection installation); ensure
environmental compliance efforts in EPA facilities (asbestos and underground
storage tank removal and hazardous materials storage); continue energy
conservation, green lights, and CFG removal programs; and provide for a minimum
of critical program alterations and repairs (electrical distribution, air
conditioning, and roof repairs) for laboratory facilities. Our request contains
$3,000,000 for various energy and water conservation projects. In FY 1996, EPA
will complete the build-out of a new regional office in Atlanta.
Explanation of Change +$4,001.9K (B&F)
The increase will fund energy conservation initiatives (e.g., Green Lights
and energy management systems) in EPA owned facilities, as well as begin to
eliminate the backlog of critical program alterations and building maintenance
activities.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $13,022,100 for this program,
all of which is from the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. These resources
are being used to: provide facilities maintenance and repair in an effort to
prevent further deterioration of EPA facilities; continue environmental
compliance activities such as acid neutralization; replace CFG chillers at the
Cincinnati lab; and continue health and safety improvements and modifications to
our facilities, including fire safety abatement. Building modifications and
renovations in accordance with the Agency's nationwide facilities master planning
will continue. "Green Lights" implementation will continue for the San Francisco
Regional Office, the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL) in
Ann Arbor, MI the National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL) in
Montgomery, AL and other EPA facilities throughout the country. Energy audits
and corrective action to achieve compliance will continue at all EPA facilities.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $12,249,700 in the Buildings and
Facilities appropriation. These resources were used to complete: health and
safety improvements such as asbestos removal at Duluth, MN and Heat Ventilation
and Air Condition (HVAC) upgrades at Duluth; environmental compliance projects
such as removing CFG dependent chillers at Athens and removing underground
storage tanks at Ann Arbor and Edison; program requirements such as a liquid
nitrogen distribution system for Houston; repair projects such as roof
12-9
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replacements at Corvallis, Duluth, MN and Cincinnati, OH and resealing the facade
of the main laboratory building in Cincinnati; energy projects such as the
installation of energy management control systems in two locations and green
lights installations at several of EPA laboratories and offices; partial build-
out of the Region 8 Environmental Science Division (ESD) laboratory and office
space at Headquarters; and the first phase of facilities master planning.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substance Research „ 13-13
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
Hazardous Substance Response 13-27
Hazardous Spill and Site Response 13-28
Hazardous Substance Response - Support 13-35
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water 13-36
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air and Radiation . . 13-37
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency 13-40
Department of Health and Human Services - ATSDR 13-42
Department of Health and Human Services - NIEHS 13-44
United States Coast Guard 13-45
Department of Justice 13-47
Federal Emergency Management Agency 13-48
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 13-49
Department of the Interior 13-50
Occupational Safety and Health Administration 13-51
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement 13-53
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement 13-55
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement 13-58
Hazardous Substance Criminal Enforcement Program 13-61
Hazardous Substance Technical Support 13-62
Hazardous Substance Federal Facilities Enforcement 13-64
Hazardous Substance Site Remediation Enforcement 13-67
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Management and Support 13-71
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters .... 13-77
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions 13-78
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters . 13-79
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions .... 13-80
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Headquarters 13-81
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Regions 13-82
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller 13-83
Hazardous Substance Support Services -Nationwide/Headquarters 13-84
Hazardous Substance Support Services-Regions 13-85
Hazardous Substance Automated Data Processing Support 13-86
Hazardous Substance Support Services - DIG 13-86
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters 13-87
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions 13-88
Hazardous Substance Mission and Policy - Inspector General . . 13-89
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General 13-91
Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 13-94
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Administrator 13-96
Hazardous Substance - Analytical Environmental Services .... 13-97
Hazardous Substance - Research and Development - Management
and Support 13-98
Working Capital Fund - Superfund 13-100
Working Capital Fund - Superfund 13-101
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APPROPRIATION
SUPERFUND
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Office of Inspector
General
Haz Sub Resp-REIMB
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL, Superfund
$14,815.2
1663,443.5 1494,488.0 1431,285.0 1431,285.0 1562,937.0 $131,652.0 $68,449.0
1678,258.7 1494,488.0 1431,285.0 1431,285.0 1562,937.0 $131,652.0 $68,449.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
3,551.6
3,683.7
3,673.4
3,673.4
3,923.4
4,005.4
3,884.0
3,966.0
3,881.9
3,957.9
-2.1 208.5
-8.1 284.5
1492,987.0 1585,979.0 1470,061.3 1470,061.3 1484,083.0 $14,021.7 -$101,896.0
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), as
amended, authorized a total of $5,100,000,000 for this program for 1992 through 1994.
13-1
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SUPERFUND
DI FFERENCE
PRES. CURRENT
BUDGET ENACTED ESTIMATE
1995 1995 1995
ENACTED VS
PRES. BUD
EST. VS
PRES. BUD
EST. VS
ENACTED
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Office of Inspector
General .
Haz Sub Resp-REIMB
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL, Superfund
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL UORKYEARS
1494,488.0 1431,285.0 1431,285.0 -$63,203.0 -$63,203.0
1494,488.0 1431,285.0 1431,285.0 -$63,203.0 -$63,203.0
3,673.4
3,673.4
3,923.4
4,005.4
3,884.0
3,966.0
250.0
332.0
210.6
292.6
-39.4
-39.4
The following points list the major reasons that the dollars devoted to this media have changed from submission
of the President's FY 1995 Budget Request to the FY 1995 Current Estimate.
SUPERFUND
o
o
o
Both administrative and programmatic funds were reduced as a result of Congressional action.
Increases to ADSTR and NIEHS from Congressional earmarks totalled $33 million.
Implementation of the Agency's "contractor conversion" initiative impacted account balances.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
INTRAMURAL
o 1995 enacted appropriation directed reductions to agency administrative ceiling.
EXTRAMURAL
o
Resources have been included for Congressionally-directed add-ons including: Clark Atlanta Research
Center, Gulf Coast Research Center and the Mine Waste Technology Pilot Program in Butte, Montana.
General reductions were applied to ecosystems single stressor research, groundwater bench scale
research, bioremediation and human exposure research.
Reductions to extramural support resulting from the implementation of the Agency's contract reform
initiative.
13-2
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SUPERFUND
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
of 1980 (CERCLA) , as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
of 1986 (SARA), and extended by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990
(OBRA), charges the Agency with the responsibility of providing emergency
response for hazardous substances released into the environment and the
remediation of abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous waste disposal sites. The
Hazardous Substance Response appropriation finances the required 'activities to
implement CERCLA. The Superfund Trust Fund is financed through general revenues,
taxes levied on oil and chemical manufacturers, a chemical feed stock tax, and
a corporate environmental tax.
The Agency will respond to releases of hazardous substances, pollutants,
and contaminants by either compelling potentially responsible parties (PRPs) to
undertake the response action or by conducting a removal or remedial action using
Superfund resources. Removal and early actions are generally short-term
responses taken to contain an immediate threat posed by uncontrolled releases of
hazardous substances. Remedial actions involve long-term and more permanent
remedies taken instead of, or in addition to, removal actions. The program will
continue to select sites for remedial action from the National Priorities List
(NPL) and to undertake all response actions in accordance with the National
Contingency Plan.
While EPA has the primary responsibility for implementing the program,
CERCLA, Executive Order 12580, and SARA provide a clear mandate for the Agency
to work closely with a variety of other Federal agencies and the states to carry
out CERCLA. The Agency undertakes five major activities in implementing the
Superfund program: Enforcement, Hazardous Substance Response, Interagency
Support, Research and Development, and Management and Support. The effective
implementation of these activities involves close cooperation among various
Agency offices, the states, and other Federal agencies.
FY 1996 Program Highlights
The Superfund program continues to make significant progress in addressing
human health and environmental contamination at hazardous waste sites. Through
1994, cleanup activities were underway at 95 percent of the 1,300 sites on the
National Priorities List (NPL). However, to address concerns that the program
is costing too much and accomplishing too little, the Administration moved
aggressively in 1994 by proposing legislative reforms, and will support these
reforms again in the 104th Congress. The reform package included provisions
emphasizing liability reform, economic redevelopment, community involvement and
outreach, and remedy reform. The 1996 budget includes resources to begin
implementing these reforms. Also, in support of the reform effort, senior
managers across EPA participated in a comprehensive Base Review of the Superfund
program which was initiated to ensure that Superfund resources were being devoted
to the Administration's highest priorities. The Base Review developed a program
goals list, integrating priorities identified in the Administration's 1994
legislative reform package and the ongoing Superfund Administrative Improvements
13-3
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effort. The foundation of Superfund legislative reform efforts - liability
reform, economic redevelopment, community involvement and outreach, and remedy
reform - and the supporting Superfund Base Review goals, served as the basis for
the development of the 1996 Superfund President's Budget. Important themes
included increasing the pace of cleanup, addressing state program development,
emphasizing community involvement/environmental justice, ensuring a worst sites
first approach to cleanups, and continuing progress on construction completions.
The 1996 Superfund budget will make a more efficient, effective, and fairer
program while building upon recent progress.
Cleanup Pace
A main thrust of the Superfund program in 1996 is to continue streamlining
the cleanup process through the application of the Superfund Accelerated Cleanup
Model (SACM) in conjunction with remedy reform measures. The SACM approach
involves a continuous process for assessing site-specific conditions and the need
for action using cross-program response planning. The Agency will continue to
streamline long-term cleanup activities through remedy reform initiatives such
as establishing new, more flexible cleanup standards, developing risk protocols,
and implementing presumptive remedies. By streamlining the cleanup process,
sites will be returned to productive use sooner, accelerating the economic
redevelopment of the restored land.
State Program Development
To further promote economic redevelopment, the Agency will continue to
encourage state involvement in the Superfund program. The Agency will provide
technical assistance to the states as they compel PRP response under state
authorities and oversee privately funded response actions, as well as state and
PRP financed voluntary cleanups. The Agency will also provide support for
"Brownfields" projects to encourage voluntary cleanups and promote economic
redevelopment of abandoned urban sites. EPA will also promote state program
development in the area of Federal facilities oversight.
The Agency will enter into Core Program cooperative agreements with states
to assist them in building and strengthening their own Superfund programs.
Providing states with financial assistance, coupled with technical assistance and
training, will enable states to address many of the sites that the Agency's
Superfund program would otherwise have to delay while remediating higher risk
National Priority List (NPL) sites. In forging partnerships with the states, the
Agency will increase the number of hazardous waste sites addressed and returned
to productive use, while enabling EPA to focus on the most critical sites.
Community Involvement and Outreach/Environmental Justice
The goals of the Superfund program's community involvement, outreach, and
environmental justice efforts are to enhance communities' access and input to
site information and address concerns pertaining to the societal equity of EPA's
responses at Superfund sites. The Agency's efforts are designed to empower
communities to influence site response plans and actions. EPA will put increased
emphasis on using existing technical assistance grant (TAG) authorities to assist
the affected communities. These grants will provide the communities the means
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to hire technical experts to assist their involvement in issues related to the
site cleanup. More information and assistance will empower communities to play
a necessary role in the economic redevelopment of sites.
The Agency will also evaluate the use of Community Advisory Groups (CAGs)
and the new Community Working Groups (CWGs) concept at all appropriate Superfund
sites. EPA will continue to promote CWGs/Site Specific Advisory Boards (SSABs)
at Federal facility sites. The Agency will develop and perform training courses
to support these advisory and working groups on effective approaches. To improve
information access, the Agency will utilize existing organizational structures
(e.g., Association of State and Territorial Solid Waste Management
Officials/Americorp) and provide staff and support for local informational
offices, hiring from the communities whenever possible. Libraries will receive
funds to hold and maintain information, and will be provided the appropriate
training and guidance for disseminating the information. Additionally, The
Agency will work with prospective purchasers of contaminated property and the
community to reach settlements which will encourage economic redevelopment at
relatively low risk sites.
Worst Sites First
Another important component of remedy reform to be emphasized in 1996 is
prompt risk reduction through early actions. The emphasis of the SACM model,
with support from the Regional Decision Teams (RDTs), is on quick risk reduction
to human health and the environment. The program will achieve this in 1996 by
increasing the number of quick response and early action activities resulting in
more immediate risk reduction at both NPL and non-NPL sites. Sites will continue
to be prioritized to ensure actions are taken at the most critical sites first.
650 Construction Completions
To ensure sites are continuing through the remedial pipeline through
completion and eventual deletion from the NPL, the Agency has established a goal
of reaching 650 construction completions by the year 2000. The program is
continuing to support this goal through remedial design (RD) and remedial action
(RA) funding for sites scheduled to achieve completion in this timeframe. Remedy
reform initiatives will enhance our ability to reach the 650 goal. Success in
bringing projects to completion is also crucial to the economic redevelopment of
communities with Superfund sites.
Enforcement Fairness
To promote fairness to PRPs and reduce the transaction costs associated
with determining liability, the Agency will increase its efforts to quickly
identify de minimis and de micromis parties and negotiate their liability share.
Early and extensive PRP searches will be a significant tool in determining the
de minimis parties. The Agency will be using third party neutral allocation
processes and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) processes, to achieve early
allocation of liability and decrease transaction costs to the PRPs.
Mixed funding agreements where the Agency funds the costs attributable to
identifiable, but financially non-viable parties, know as orphan share, will
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continue to be used to achieve early settlement. The Agency supports legislative
reforms to classify as mandatory spending the portion of cleanup costs allocated
to orphan shares. The portion of remedial action funds supporting the orphan
share in PRP-lead remedial actions has been requested in a separate appropriation
and consequently not included in this request.
Enforcement First
The Agency's "enforcement first" strategy is designed to compel PRPs to
conduct actions at sites where they are responsible. This strategy involves
extensive efforts to identify PRPs in the initial stages of site cleanup.
Through negotiated settlements for removals, Remedial Investigation/Feasibility
Study, or RD/RA, or through compliance with Agency issued unilateral
administrative orders (UAOs), the Agency will continue to maximize PRP response.
Where negotiations are unsuccessful, UAOs are issued to allow for treble
damage claims if a Fund-financed response is required. In some cases, a judicial
action is undertaken to compel a privately-financed response. In cases where
PRPs do not respond in a timely manner or fail to comply with the provisions of
a Consent Decree, ADR tools are used and, if necessary, enforcement actions are
taken. PRP responses resulting from settlements and judgments will be managed,
implemented, and monitored for compliance and, where necessary, stipulated
penalties will be invoked. Throughout the stage prior to remedy selection,
efforts will continue to identify additional PRPs. The Agency will vigorously
pursue non-settlers for cost recovery, with focus on administrative cost recovery
cases and cases subject to a statute of limitations deadline. A more proactive
cost recovery strategy is being developed to ensure costs incurred by the
government are recovered quickly, before the statute of limitations becomes an
issue.
Federal Facilities/Base Closure and Realignment
The Federal Facilities Enforcement program will negotiate and oversee
CERCLA Section 120 agreements with Federal agencies to conduct cleanup of
environmental contamination at Federally owned facilities, and ensure Federal
agencies meet all environmental standards required by SARA. Additionally, the
program will provide technical assistance to Federal agencies, maintain the
Federal Facilities Hazardous Waste Docket, and increase the DOE/DOD state
capacity building efforts. In FY 1996, the Agency will be involved in
concurrence on DOD clean parcel determination for property transfer and citizen
involvement at Federal facilities. The NPL includes 156 Federal Facility sites.
The Agency will work to accelerate cleanup at closing and realigning
military bases, prior to their use by the private sector, pursuant to the Defense
Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990. Reimbursable workyears from the
Department of Defense will be used to create the Model Accelerated Cleanup (MAC)
program. MAC teams in each of the Agency's regions will work with DOD and the
states to support the President's Fast Track Cleanup for the bases.
EPA will continue initiatives started in 1995 to streamline oversight
requirements at Federal Facilities. We will continue to assist in building
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effective state programs and promote Site Specific Advisory Boards at Federal
facility sites.
Contracts Management/Management Integrity
The Agency places special emphasis on activities to strengthen the
management integrity of the Superfund program by addressing potential
vulnerabilities in the contracting arena and reducing the potential for waste,
fraud, and abuse through improved contract management efforts. Resources will
continue to focus on monitoring areas previously identified as material
weaknesses in the Contract Lab Program, ARCS Contract Management, and in
accelerating remedial cleanups.
The Agency's Office of Inspector General will continue its efforts to
investigate potential cases of fraud, waste, and mismanagement in the Superfund
Federal Assistance and procurement programs and promote efficiency and
effectiveness through a program of performance, contract and financial audits and
investigations. The Office of Inspector General will focus on ensuring integrity
in the use of Superfund resources through audits of contractors, especially with
sub and small contractors, financial statements, grants and assistance
agreements, and the administration of scientific research and data.
Performance Measures and Goals
In keeping with the Administration's efforts to make the Superfund program
fairer, faster, and more efficient, the Agency will measure program performance
based on the following factors: number of sites addressed toward our 650 site
completions goal; the costs expended to achieve risk reduction; the duration of
each milestone of the remediation process; the responsiveness and extent of our
community involvement (especially in economically disadvantaged communities) ; and
the effectiveness of our program evaluation/management processes and
improvements.
The Superfund program has established performance measures in EPA's Chief
Financial Officer's (CFO) Report. The CFO Report links audited financial
statements with program performance information to achieve results-oriented
management and increased accountability for OSWER's trust fund programs. The
measures for Superfund include: 1) the number of NPL sites where cleanup or
investigation has started; 2) the number of non-NPL sites where cleanup has
begun; 3) the number of sites on the NPL where a decision has been made about how
to proceed with the cleanup of at least a significant portion of the site; 4) the
number of sites on the NPL where remedial action has been completed for at least
a significant portion of the site; and 5) the number of NPL sites where cleanup
construction is completed.
The Agency has also proposed the Superfund response program as a
performance measurement pilot project for 1996 under the Government Performance
and Results Act (GPRA). The measures to be used in the proposed pilot are: 1)
site screening and assessments; 2) early and/or long-term action starts; 3) site
construction completions; 4) the number of technical assistance grants and
community working groups established. In February 1995, the Agency will submit
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a performance plan for the pilot to OMB which will establish targets for each of
these measures.
The program also continues to utilize environmental indicators to provide
measurements of environmental progress that augment the traditional method of
program measurement. The indicators measure the achievement of health and
ecological goals specified in the Record of Decision; the amount of contaminated
material contained, treated or removed; and control of an immediate threat to
human health through exposure to hazardous materials.
Research and Development/Innovative Technologies
The Superfund Research program provides the scientific and technical
information necessary to resolve technical problems which inhibit the effective
implementation of removal and remedial actions at Superfund sites. Research
emphasis will continue on the development of innovative treatment technologies
for use in cleanup actions under the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
(SITE) program, and on the evaluation of bioremediation's ability to degrade
hazardous substances in a cost effective and environmentally sound manner. The
research program will also provide site-specific technical support for risk
assessment, site characterization, and selection of remedial alternatives.
Special Expertise through Other Federal Agencies
As part of the requirements under SARA, the Agency integrates the efforts
of other Federal agencies. In this capacity, EPA manages an interagency budget
process under Executive Order 12580, signed by the President in January 1987 for
the Departments of Health and Human Services, Justice, Transportation, Commerce,
Interior, Labor, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The
activities of other Federal agencies are divided into two basic categories. The
first category includes specific site or spill response actions. The second
category is support for ongoing activities which are generally not
incident-specific.
The Department of Health and Human Services provides the largest supporting
element to Superfund activities through the work of the Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the National Institute for
Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). ATSDR will conduct health assessments at
NPL and non-NPL sites; maintain toxicology data bases for chemicals found at
sites; and provide health consultations for emergency responses. NIEHS will
continue managing a basic research grant program directed toward unsolved
environmental and human health problems related to hazardous substances. It also
will manage a basic training grants program for training workers who are, or may
be engaged in activities related to hazardous waste removal or containment.
The U.S. Coast Guard will respond to spills of hazardous substances in the
coastal zone and Great Lakes waters and will maintain the National Response
Center. NOAA will provide technical assistance to site personnel in
investigating, evaluating, and minimizing the risk associated with releases of
hazardous substances in coastal and marine areas. DOI will provide response
preparedness and management assistance to the National and Regional Response
Teams, and provide technical assistance to natural resources trustees. FEMA will
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provide support to Federal, State and local government response efforts. OSHA
will inspect Superfund sites for compliance with OSHA safety standards and
provide on-site personnel with training in this area.
Consulting Services
The Agency requires private consultants to perform essential support in
cases where it is not economically effective to possess the specialized, expert
personnel services required. The Agency will utilize the services of consultants
chiefly for implementation of site evaluations and cleanups as well as to provide
technical support of other basic functions such as information management
systems.
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13-10
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SUPERFUND
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS
Response Enforcement
106 Civil Actions
Remedial Administrative Orders
Cost Recovery - 107 Referrals
Cost Recovery/Administrative *
Other Administrative Orders
Criminal Referrals
Criminal Investigations
RESPONSE ACTIONS (New Sites Only)
Early Actions (Removal Actions) **
Fund Financed.
PRP Response..
Site Screening/Assessment Actions
Removal Investigations
Preliminary Assessments
Site Inspections
Remedial Investigations
Long-Term Response Actions
Feasibility Studies
Fund Financed.
PRP Response..
Remedial Designs
Fund Financed.
PRP Response..
Remedial Actions
Fund Financed.
PRP Response..
1994
35
34
42
34
195
2
2
237
71
635
793
572
18
14
13
50
16
46
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
35
31
57
38
191
2
2
161
81
635
701
480
13
16
10
42
22
58
Construction Completions
61
65
ESTIMATE
1996
35
31
70
52
177
2
2
161
81
584
758
620
27
10
30
20
56
63
65
INCREASE (+)
DECREASE (-)
1995 vs 1996
0
0
+13
+14
-14
0
0
0
0
-51
+57
+140
N.A.
-3
+14
+10
+14
-14
+5
0
This activity includes administrative plus voluntary cost recoveries and
cost recoveries resulting from demand letters.
Removal actions include NPL and non-NPL starts.
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SUPERFUND
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Cumulative Outputs
Response Enforcement
106 Civil Actions
Remedial Administrative Orders
Cost Recovery - 107 Referrals 1
Cost Recovery/Administrative *
Other Administrative Orders
Criminal Referrals
Criminal Investigations
RESPONSE ACTIONS (New Sites Only)
1994
442
328
1,026
488
782
5
16
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
477
359
1,083
526
973
7
18
ESTIMATE
1996
512
390
1,153
578
1,150
9
20
INCREASE (+)
DECREASE (-)
1995 vs 1996
+35
+31
+70
+52
+177
+2
+2
Early Actions (Removal Actions) **
Fund Financed.
PRP Response..
2,101
639
Site Screening/Assessment Actions
Removal Investigations
Preliminary Assessments
Site Inspections
Remedial Investigations
Long-Term Response Actions
Feasibility Studies
1,270
36,724
17,733
2,262
720
1,905
37,425
18,213
2,423
801
2,489
38,183
18,833
27
+161
+81
+584
+758
+620
N.A.
Fund Financed.
PRP Response..
Remedial Designs
Fund Financed.
PRP Response..
Remedial Actions
Fund Financed.
PRP Response..
Construction Completions
650
404
304
430
228
325
278
663
420
314
472
250
383
343
673
450
334
528
258
446
408
+10
+30
+20
+56
+8
+63
+65
This activity includes administrative plus voluntary cost recoveries and
cost recoveries resulting from demand letters.
Removal actions include NPL and non-NPL starts.
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Research
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Substances
Research
Hazardous Substance $68,526.3 $59,786.7 $65,906.6 $65,906.6 $58,224.1 -$7,682.5 -$1,562.6
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL $68,526.3 $59,786.7 $65,906.6 $65,906.6 $58,224.1 -$7,682.5 -$1,562.6
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance $68,526.3 $59,786.7 $65,906.6 $65,906.6 $58,224.1 -$7,682.5 -$1,562.6
Response Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance TOTAL $68,526.3 $59,786.7 $65,906.6 $65,906.6 $58,224.1 -$7,682.5 -$1,562.6
Research
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substances
Research
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substances
Research
TOTAL WORKYEARS
130.1
130.1
131.7
131.7
128.4
128.4
128.4
128.4
143.4
143.4
145.8
145.8
142.0
142.0
144.4
144.4
139.4
139.4
141.6
141.6
-2.6
-2.6
-2.8
-2.8
11.0
11.0
13.2
13.2
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SUPERFUND
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES RESEARCH
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $58,224,100 from the Hazardous Substances
Trust Fund appropriation and 141.6 workyears for 1996, a decrease of $7,682,500
and a decrease of 2.8 workyears. Of this request, $45,912,700 is for programmatic
research and $12,311,400 is for administrative expenses. This represents a
decrease of $8,246,600 programmatic and an increase of $564,100 to administrative
expenses.
1995 Program
The Agency allocated a total of $65,906,600 supported by 144.4 total
workyears for this program element, of which $11,747,300 is for administrative
expenses and $54,159,300 is for the programmatic portion of the Appropriation.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $68., 526,300 supported by 131.7 total
workyears for this program element, of which $10,854,900 was for administrative
expenses and $57,671,400 was for the programmatic portion of the Appropriation.
The sections below describe research program issues by fiscal year.
Research Issues
The Office of Research and Development provides technical support and
technology innovation to the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Regional offices, on-scene coordinators, states and the private sector. Over
1,300 sites are currently on the National Priority List (NPL). Estimates are
that it will cost billions to cleanup just these sites. This estimate could
increase if the NPL grows as expected.
Slow pace and high costs of cleanup are criticisms that are currently being
leveled at the Agency. ORD efforts will directly impact those criticisms through
improved options selections, risk evaluations, monitoring methods, innovative
technologies and understanding of the science controlling pollution dynamics.
Ecosystem Protection
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a. total of $1,770,000 and 4.6 workyears for 1996, an
increase of $1,348,100 and a decrease of 0.3 workyears from 1995. The request
of $1,770,000 will be for the Hazardous Substance Trust Fund Appropriation.
Funding related to workyears can be found under the Infrastructure Issue of this
program element.
As the focus of resource management expands beyond the control of
individual chemicals and focuses more on integrated approaches to resolving
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stress related problems, it is increasingly important that the tools and the
understanding necessary to effectively manage these resources be widely
applicable and available. It is the purpose of this research to contribute to
the development of both the tools and the understanding necessary to remediate
in an integrated way.
Hazardous Substances (Superfund) research within the Integrated Ecosystem
Protection and Restoration Program will seek to predict the risks to ecosystems
from various stressors. The primary goal is to ensure that ecological risks from
Superfund sites are put into a geographic, place-based context, through the
development of field usable, site-specific, user-friendly ecological risk
protocols. This approach in its simplest form abandons the characterization of
individual Superfund sites absent other stressors, and instead assesses the
impact collectively and in the context of other atmospheric, terrestrial, and
aquatic-based, man-made and natural stresses. Management decisions that affect
the entire basin are made on the basis of the collective stress information.
Explanation of Change -0.3 FTE +$1,348.IK
Agency research supporting Ecosystems Protection will be refocused into a
holistic approach providing an excellent opportunity for cost-effective
management that maximizes real environmental gains and minimizes the need for
unnecessary cleanup procedures. Incumbent to accomplishing this goal is the need
to develop field usable protocols which assess the contribution of the Superfund
site to other sources of ecological stress.
1995 Program
ORD is consolidating its diverse ecological research activities into an
integrated program. The goal of the new Integrated Ecosystems Protection
Research program is to develop the scientific understanding and techniques
required for effective integrated ecological risk assessment and ecosystem
protection at multiple scales. The program is designed to meet this goal by
monitoring the conditions of ecological resources, investigating ecosystem
response to human induced stress, developing models to predict the response of
ecosystems to alternative management strategies.
The 1995 activities include the development of biomarkers indicative of
superfund site effects, development of risk methods for assessing superfund
sites, and preparation of case studies to provide examples of risk assessments
and to verify the utility of developed methods. In addition, considerable effort
was placed on technology transfer to ensure that new findings can be incorporated
into field cleanup.
1994 Accomplishments
Provided site-specific technical support to the Regions and states for
Ecological Risk.
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Groundwater
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,538,600 from the Hazardous Substance
Trust Fund Appropriation and 10.8 workyears for 1996, an increase of $665,100 and
an increase of 0.3 workyears. Administrative expenses related to workyears can
be found in this program element within the Infrastructure Issue.
Approximately 15 percent of the Superfund sites have identified ground-
water contamination as the major obstacle to timely and cost-effective site
restoration. Since the cost of remediating each NPL site averages approximately
$25 million, even incremental savings in groundwater remediation costs at each
site would result in substantial cost savings to the Federal government, American
industry, and the general public.
In 1996, scientists and engineers will expand field evaluations of
innovative extraction technologies for remediation of sites contaminated by dense
nonaqueous-phase liquids (DNAPLs). Emphasis will be on evaluating the
technologies under a variety of conditions to develop a data base to support site
specific decision making by remedial project managers (RPMs) and policy
development by the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. Research to
develop more cost-effective and less invasive site characterization technology
will continue as part of the field evaluation projects. Scientists will continue
development of predictive models to support determination of soil screening
levels and risk-based cleanup criteria for Superfund sites as well as more
realistic models to support decisions on remedial actions.
Explanation of Change +0.3 FTE +$665.IK
The Agency is requesting a $665,100 increase to support OSWER, the Regions,
states, and the private sector with additional ground-water tools and technical
support to speed ground-water cleanup and minimize cleanup costs. As a
complementary effort to this increase, ORD will shift resources within the base
to provide a stronger focus on field-scale evaluation of innovative in-situ
technologies and reduce bench-scale laboratory research. The technologies will
be evaluated under different conditions to develop a more comprehensive data base
on which to base decisions about the appropriate remedial technology for a
particular site.
1995 Program
In 1995, field evaluation of surfactant-enhanced removal of subsurface
dense nonaqueous-phase liquids (DNAPLs) is being initiated at two sites. Research
on improving and evaluating technologies for site characterization is continuing.
This technology offers the possibility of more data at lower cost. Concurrent
development of methods of data visualization and analysis to enhance the
development of conceptual site models to support decision making is continuing
as part of the site characterization research. Field research on pump-and-treat
systems in fractured crystalline rock, which is being conducted in cooperation
with the Department of Energy, is continuing.
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1994 Accomplishments
An evaluation of existing technologies for in-situ cleanup of sites
contaminated with dense nonaqueous-phase liquids (DNAPLs) was published and
distributed to EPA program and regional offices as well as the larger remediation
community. A report on methods for monitoring pump-and-treat performance was
published and widely distributed. Pump-and-treat systems are the most widely
used ground-water remediation technology, and this report provides guidance on
methods for systematically evaluating their long-term performance. ORD continued
to provide technical support to the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response for
development of soil screening levels, particularly in the area of unsaturated
zone modeling. In addition, Agency scientists continued to provide a high level
of site specific technical support to the regional offices in dealing with
problems related to remediation of groundwater contamination.
Surface Cleanup
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $22,889,200 from the Hazardous Substances
Trust Fund and 53.0 total work years for 1996, a decrease of $5,472,500 and a
decrease of 4.0 workyears. Administrative expenses related to workyears can be
found in this program element within the Infrastructure Issue.
Barriers to accelerated commercialization of innovative remediation
technologies preclude their use and application for cleanup. These include lack
of data on performance and validation of operational claims, reliability, cost
analysis, limited track record, and high risk associated with innovative
treatment approaches. To reduce these barriers agency scientists and engineers
will continue to conduct research and demonstration projects at selected priority
Superfund sites to develop cheaper, safer and more effective remediation
technologies. A wide range of technologies ready to be demonstrated under the
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Program (SITE) lack performance data
for their use in the remediation of Superfund sites and lack credible cost data
to substantiate cost/benefit analysis. Once evaluated it is more likely that
promising technologies will reach commercialization.
The program encourages commercialization of innovative technologies for
characterizing and remediating waste site contamination through demonstration,
development of emerging technology, monitoring & measurement programs and
technology transfer. The market for existing and innovative environmental
treatment technologies is continually expanding. The environmental community
continues to search for more cost efficient technologies that perform faster,
safer and more effectively than those currently used. New markets are developing
within the U.S. as well as in Latin America and the Pacific rim. Increasing the
availability of cost effective environmental technologies promotes sustainable
development and enhances competition of U.S. firms within the global market. In
a 1994 vendor survey, 17% of commercial vendors who completed SITE demonstration
projects reported international market achievements either through joint ventures
or through independent commercial activities. An additional 20% have reported
technology inquiries from international markets.
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Specific Superfund projects in 1996 will primarily address five categories
of innovative remediation technology: 1) chemical detoxification, 2) biological
detoxification, 3) physical-chemical separation, 4) solidification/stabilization
technologies, and 5) thermal treatment. In addition, the program will address
emerging technologies and technical assistance to regional and state operations.
Researchers will continue to address the effects on the land of hazardous
substance disposal. Scientists will emphasize closure and post closure
activities, and will evaluate design performance at actual sites. ORD will
continue technical support through field consultations and technology transfer.
Explanation of Change -4.0 FTE -$5,556.8K
Reductions to research support for the Superfund program are proposed as
part of the Agency-wide Base Review under the categories of: "Cleanup Pace" and
"Innovative Technologies." These reductions focus on emerging technology
support, standard remedies and quality assurance. Off-setting a portion of these
reductions is an increase for separation technology focusing on burning less dirt
through use of technology from the minerals processing industry such as "froth
flotation" and leaching technologies. As Agency policy, enacted Congressional
earmarks have not been carried forward in the 1996 request.
1995 Program
Surface cleanup staff are focusing on site characterization, monitoring,
and quality assurance. The research on site characterization, monitoring, and
quality assurance is determining the type and extent of contamination, and
assessing techniques to improve screening and reduce the cost of laboratory
analyses. Staff are supporting corrective action and technical support programs
by providing scientific and engineering expertise to selected superfund sites.
Scientists are developing sampling protocols for volatile organic compounds-
in soils and are improving sampling techniques for heterogeneous hazardous and
toxic wastes at Superfund sites.
The credibility and flexibility of the SITE Program has attracted new
technology developers and partnerships. The SITE Program promotes the
advancement and commercialization of new environmental technologies by working
cooperatively with private companies, universities, nonprofit organizations and
other federal agencies. In a sample of 17 Records of Decision (RODs) using
remedial technology types tested under the SITE Program, the average cost savings
for innovative treatment technology use versus standard treatment per site was
$21,000,000 or 62%. An evaluation of the cost information for each Region
revealed the following savings: 57% for Region II, 26% for Region III, 70% for
Region V, and 66% for Region IX. The total cost savings for the 17 RODs were
$358,000,000.
Congressional Directives: A total of $5,000,000 is provided for the
Congressionally directed Butte Mine Waste Technology Program during 1995,
$100,000 of which is for the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program
in the Innovative Technologies issue.
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1994 Accomplishments
The SITE program had 115 participants and 70 completed projects since
inception. Fifteen of the completions occurred during 1994. Over 19,000 copies
of the SITE Program Technology Profiles - Seventh Edition were requested and
distributed. An evaluation and improvement of quick turnaround analytical
methods was completed and improves the Superfund Contract Laboratory Program
Quick-Turnaround Methods for volatile organics, polynuclear aromatics, phenols,
organochlorine pesticides, and PCB's. A User's Guide to Immunochemical Analysis
was completed and released. This is the first tutorial that has been published
regarding the development, execution, and application of immunoassays for
environmental contaminants. An X-Ray fluorescence survey of lead contaminated
residential soils in Leadville, Colorado was also completed. All project
completions, results, and significance of findings are contained in the Annual
SITE Report to Congress.
In 1994, technical support was provided to EPA Remedial Project Managers
on over 90 sites. The assistance ranged from site characterization and treatment
technology evaluation to assistance on the design and implementation of selected
technologies. Support was provided to OSWER in the development of presumptive
remedy guidelines for wood treatment and VOC-contaminated sites. New documents
were produced in three continuing series on (1) treatment technologies
evaluation, and (2) conducting treatability studies, and (3) remediation of
specific types of contaminated sites.
Bioremediation
1996 Program Request
The Agency requested a total of $5,334,100 from the Hazardous Substance
Trust Fund and 18.9 total workyears for 1996, an increase of $784,400 and no
change of workyears. Administrative expenses related to workyears can be found
in this Program Element within the Infrastructure Issue.
Bioremediation is an engineered process using microorganisms to decompose
toxic and hazardous materials. Remediation using these processes is usually non-
toxic, non-hazardous, and significantly less invasive to the environment than
current cleanup methods. Successful development of bioremediation as a cleanup
alternative could significantly impact the cost of and options available for site
remediation.
Agency bioremediation researchers will study basic biodegradation pathways
of hazardous chemicals, discovering and characterizing organisms capable of
degrading such chemicals, and developing and using protocols for testing the
efficacy and toxicity of bioremediation approaches and strategies. The highest
priority chemicals for study are organic solvents, halogenated aromatic
hydrocarbons, munitions, wood treatment chemicals, and pesticides. An
increasingly important component of this research is the field evaluation of
bioremediation processes. Researchers will also undertake studies to assure
bioremediation processes do not lead to adverse human health effects.
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Scientists will initiate research on munitions and halogenated wastes.
Initial efforts are designed to understand the microbial biodegradation processes
and then to begin scaling experiments. Most of these wastes involve contaminated
soils, sludges, and sediments. Scientists will conduct field research in
cooperation with DOD facilities, when possible. Research in this issue is also
linked to research conducted within the Oil Spills and Hazardous Waste program
elements.
Explanation of Change +$784.4K
Bioremediation research efforts supporting Superfund will provide research
in several important areas including munitions wastes and halogenated wastes.
Increased efforts will be directed toward defining chemicals necessary to speed
capture of electrons freed through the biological remediation processes rendering
them innocuous, as well as methods for application of these acceptors to sites
to be remediated. Additional resources will be dedicated to move from bench top
studies to pilot studies for soil washing using bioremediation techniques.
1995 Program
Agency researchers are using biodegradation process studies to drive the
development of technology, and using existing contaminated areas, particularly
Superfund sites, as experimental field laboratories to address problems of
design, process control, engineering operation, and integration with other
technologies. This research is being integrated with mathematical models to give
a predictive framework for assessing effective and safe use of bioremediation.
The chemicals of greatest concern are creosote and other wood-preserving wastes,
organic solvents, PCBs, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and metals.
Scientists and engineers are taking the bioremediation process to the pilot
plant and field testing stages. Several large-scale field demonstrations are
being initiated on sites contaminated with petroleum products and chlorinated
solvents (TCE) . ORD will place a high priority on research and development that
provides practical field approaches. Researchers are testing the efficacy of
using direct introductions of microorganisms for field bioremediation through
genetic manipulation. The research team hopes to conduct the first field trial
of a genetically engineered microorganism in 1995.
1994 Accomplishments
Emphasis was on the field development of bioremediation technologies and
their transfer to the private sector. Scientists have developed and released
software on the field applications of bioremediation for Superfund sites which
will become an important tool for assisting technology selection as well as
regulatory development. Agency and outside scientists reviewed the basic process
science of "Intrinsic Bioremediation" of groundwater, considering recent advances
in site characterization and providing a forum for discussion of regulatory
issues pertinent to the acceptance of intrinsic bioremediation of hazardous
waste. Agency researchers have demonstrated the successful use of intrinsic
bioremediation for trichloroethylene cleanup.
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Health Risk Assessment Methods
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,884,900 and 19.6 workyears for 1996, a
decrease of $14,400. The request of $1,884,900 will be for the Hazardous
Substances Trust Fund appropriation. Administrative expenses related to
workyears can be found in this program element within the Infrastructure Issue.
Defining exposure of persons near Superfund sites continues to be a major
risk assessment problem. Dioxin is a major problem at numerous Superfund sites.
A systematic public participation approach to the assessment process such as that
being used for the current dioxin reassessment has provided the risk assessment
community an invaluable experience in building public trust.
Researchers will continue to improve methods used in the risk assessment
process. A final Dioxin Reassessment Report will be issued. Indirect Exposure
Guidelines will be finalized, and guidelines for the Health Risk Assessment of
Chemical Mixtures will be proposed. A Sediment Toxicity Database for Superfund
Sites will be developed as a tool to facilitate input and analysis for sediment
toxicity bioassays.
Explanation of Change -$14.4K
This minor administrative reduction does not represent any material change
to the Health Risk Assessment research efforts.
1995 Program
Research is continuing to improve methods used in the risk assessment
process. Researchers are focusing on improvements in exposure assessment,
quantitative relationships between exposure and dose, and the biological bases
for dose-response relationships. An assessment in the trends of body burdens of
dioxin will be made. A Windows software version of Risk Assistant will be
produced and made available to EPA scientists. A software tool is being
developed for the assessment of indirect exposure from incinerators and other
combustion sources. ORD is placing emphasis on chemical or issue-specific
documentation and risk information dissemination.
1994 Accomplishments
A major accomplishment within this issue was the publication of a draft
dioxin reassessment. This was an effort which involved scientists from multiple
Federal agencies as well as outside scientists. The production of an exposure
models library on compact disk (CD) provided a major resource tool for states,
EPA regions, and other risk assessment users. Research on Toxicity Equivalence
Factors (TEFs) for dioxin/furans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
was published, providing an important analytical tool for risk assessment.
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Innovative Technology
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $958,200 and no workyears for 1996, a
decrease of $151,300. The request of $958,200 will be for the Hazardous
Substances Trust Fund appropriation.
As mandated by Public Law 102-564, the Small Business Innovative Research
Program (SBIR) will allocate 2.0 percent of the Agency's programmatic Superfund
research appropriation to support the small businesses engaged, in the development
of innovative technologies and processes for abatement and control of
contaminated Superfund sites. The Agency will use this program to take advantage
of unique solutions developed by the private sector to remediate Superfund sites.
Explanation of Change -$151.3K
This reduction is consistent with the proposed level of programmatic
research funding and maintains the Agency's mandated 2.0 percent SBIR funding
requirement.
1995 Program
As mandated by Public Law 102-564, the Small Business Innovative Research
Program (SBIR) is allocating 2.0 percent of the Agency's programmatic Superfund
research appropriation to support the small businesses engaged in the development
of equipment for abatement and control of contaminated Superfund sites. The
Agency is using this program to take advantage of unique solutions developed by
the private sector to remediate Superfund sites.
Congressional Directives: As mandated by law, 2 percent of the Agency's
programmatic R&D appropriation (including Congressional earmarks) have been set
aside for SBIR projects. Those resources reside within this issue.
1994 Accomplishments
As mandated by Public Law 102-564, the Small Business Innovation Research
Program (SBIR), EPA allocated 1.5 percent of the Agency's programmatic research
appropriation to support small business engaged in the development of equipment
for pollution abatement and control, and process instrumentation.
National and International Technical Transfer
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $350,700 and 1.0 workyear for 1996, a
increase of $3,200. The request of $350,700 will be for the Hazardous Substances
Trust Fund appropriation. Administrative expenses supporting workyear can be
found within the Infrastructure Issue of this Program Element.
ORD will develop and disseminate technical information to the EPA Regions,
states, local communities, private sector, and the international community.
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Staff will conduct seminars on treatment technologies for Superfund sites with
radioactive contamination, and on bioremediation. Researchers will prepare a
handbook for using radiation to degrade organic wastes at Superfund sites, and
will support activities to foster the application of bioremediation techniques
at Superfund sites.
Explanation of Change +$3.2K
This resource shift represents no material change to the technology
transfer activities of this program.
1995 Program
ORD is developing and disseminating technical information to the EPA
Regions, states, local communities, private sector, and the international
community. Staff are conducting seminars on treatment technologies for nuclear
sites and on treatment technologies for contaminated sediments. Researchers are
preparing a handbook for treatment of contaminated sediments, and are supporting
various activities to foster the application of bioremediation techniques at
Superfund sites.
1994 Accomplishments
Scientists developed software for Bioremediation in the Field Search System
(BFSS) and produced a handbook on "Recycle and Reuse". A Seminar Series on
"Managing Environmental Problems at Inactive and Abandoned Metals Mine Sites" was
held. Also, EPA staff conducted seminars on "Construction Quality Assurance and
Construction Quality Control at Waste Containment Facilities" and on the
"Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) Model." Additional
products included Conference Proceedings and Field Bulletins on Bioremediation.
Exploratory Grants and Centers
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,460,900 and 1.0 workyear for 1996, a
decrease of $5,803,200. The request of $8,460,900 will be for the Hazardous
Substances Trust Fund appropriation. Administrative expenses supporting the
workyear can be found within the Infrastructure Issue of this Program Element.
The Exploratory Grants and Centers Program includes resources for both the
Hazardous Substances Research Centers (HSRC) program and the minority centers.
Fundamental and applied research will continue to be supported at the five
HSRC consortia. These centers provide diverse research, technology transfer, and
training activities which address the priority problems of hazardous substance
management within their geographic areas of concern.
ORD minority centers will continue to develop curriculum and training
materials, provide mechanisms for the development of students and faculty in
environmental fields, and conduct basic and applied research and development,
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technology transfer, and outreach programs associated with hazardous substance
management.
Explanation of Change -$5,803.2K
Decreases reflect the absence of funding for the 1995 Congressional
earmarks for the Gulf Coast and Clark Atlanta Centers.
1995 Program
Fundamental and applied research continues to be supported at the five HSRC
consortia. These centers support diverse research, technology transfer, and
training activities which address the priority problems of hazardous substance
management within their geographic areas of concern. The centers are distributed
across the country on the basis of pairs of federal regions.
Minority centers continue to develop curriculum and training materials,
provide mechanisms for the development of students and faculty in environmental
fields, and conduct basic and applied research and development, technology
transfer, and outreach programs associated with hazardous substance management.
Congressional Directives: As a result of Congressional direction, a total
of $6,000,000 is provided for the Gulf Coast Center, and Clark Atlanta Center of
which $120,000 is for the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program in
the Innovative Technologies issue.
1994 Accomplishments
The HSRC program produced an annual report highlighting its
accomplishments. Accomplishments included the demonstration of innovative
research technologies at Superfund sites around the country. Included among-
these were in-situ bioremediation of chlorinated solvents, the demonstration of
nanoscale metal oxides to treat toxic chlorocarbons and organophosphorus, and the
use of poplar tree buffers to help keep toxic herbicides, pesticides and
fertilizers out of surface and groundwater.
Infrastructure
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,949,500 and 24.9 total workyears for
Hazardous Substance Trust Fund in 1996, an increase of $648,400 in administrative
expenses and an increase of $393,100 in programmatic and an increase of 1.2
workyears from 1995. Of the request $12,311,400 will be for administrative
expenses and $638,100 for programmatic activity.
Adequately funded infrastructure is critical to ORD's success in conducting
the quality science needed to assure that the Agency's decisions are
scientifically sound. The most critical part of ORD's infrastructure is its
staff. To provide improved management in ORD's salaries, travel, and related
costs associated with managing and implementing research programs, these
resources have been centralized within the Infrastructure issue.
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Explanation of Change +1.2 FTE +$1,041.5K
Adjustment to Hazardous Substance administrative expenses caused by Agency-
wide workforce repricing analysis.
1995 Program
ORD's current infrastructure program provides compensation and benefits,
travel and operating expenses for ORD scientists and engineers, management and
technical support personnel. ORD's workforce carries out scientific research
programs in support of the Agency's mission.
1994 Accomplishments
ORD's infrastructure program provided compensation and benefits, travel and
operating expenses for ORD scientists, engineers, management and technical
support personnel.
Cross Program
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $88,000 and 7.8 workyears for 1996, an
increase of $900 from 1995. The request of $88,000 programmatic resources will
be for the Hazardous Substances Trust Fund appropriation. Administrative
expenses supporting workyears can be found within the Infrastructure Issue of
this Program Element.
ORD's Superfund Technical Liaison Program (STLP) will continue providing
technical support to Regional Superfund staff and managers. This program is
designed to establish a more interactive relationship between ORD laboratory
scientists and the Regional Superfund staff. Technical Liaison staff work with
Remedial Project Managers, On-Scene Coordinators, and their managers to help
define Regional scientific and engineering needs, identifying the appropriate
laboratories and individuals within ORD to respond to those needs, and work with
those laboratories and individuals to ensure that the needs are addressed in a
timely and effective manner.
Explanation of Change +$.9K
This adjustment represents no major change to program emphasis.
1995 Program
ORD's Superfund Technical Liaison Program (STLP) will continue providing
technical support to Regional Superfund staff and managers. This program is
designed to establish a more interactive relationship between ORD laboratory
scientists and the Regional Superfund staff. Technical Liaison staff work with
Remedial Project Managers, On-Scene Coordinators, and their managers to help
define Regional scientific and engineering needs, identifying the appropriate
laboratories and individuals within ORD to respond to those needs, and work with
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those laboratories and individuals to ensure that the needs are addressed in a
timely and effective manner.
1994 Accomplishments
In order to improve the effectiveness of the Superfund remediation program,
a training course was developed and conducted to train regional assessment and
remediation staff on available decision support tools.
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE INCREASE
1994 BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE 1996 DECREASE DECREASE
1995 1995 1996 REQ 1996 REQ
VS VS
1995 CE 1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Spill & Site
Response
Hazardous Substance 1137,810.0 $969,570.4 $888,531.9 $888,384.9 $992,531.2 $104,146.3 $22,960.8
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL 1137,810.0 $969,570.4 $888,531.9 $888,384.9 $992,531.2 $104,146.3 $22,960.8
TOTAL:
Haz Sub Resp-REIMB
Hazardous Substance 1137,810.0 $969,570.4 $888,531.9 $888,384.9 $992,531.2 $104,146.3 $22,960.8
Response Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance TOTAL 1137,810.0 $969,570.4 $888,531.9 $888,384.9 $992,531.2 $104,146.3 $22,960.8
Response
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Spill & Site 1,228.2 1,242.8 1,362.5 1,347.0 1,609.8 262.8 367.0
Response
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 1,228.2 1,242.8 1,362.5 1,347.0 1,609.8 262.8 367.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Spill & Site 1,276.1 1,242.8 1,405.4 1,386.1 1,645.9 259.8 403.1
Response
TOTAL WORKYEARS 1,276.1 1,242.8 1,405.4 1,386.1 1,645.9 259.8 403.1
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SUPERFUND
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $992,531,200 for Hazardous Substance
Response supported by 1,645.9 workyears. This resource level represents a net
increase of $104,146,300 and 259.8 workyears from 1995.
Hazardous Spill And Site Response
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $992,531,200 for Hazardous Substance
Response supported by 1,645.9 workyears. This resource level represents a net
increase of $104,146.3 and 259.8 workyears from 1995. The net resource change
includes $22 million to begin implementation of Superfund legislative reforms
promoting economic redevelopment, community involvement and outreach, and remedy
reform. The net workyear increase reflects the transfer of the removal and
remedial investigations/feasibility studies (RI/FS) oversight (105.6 workyears)
and the Federal facility cleanup (122.2 workyears) functions to this account as
part of the Agency's Enforcement reorganization.
Consistent with legislative reform efforts, the 1996 Hazardous Substance
Response budget priorities focus on,supporting economic redevelopment, community
relations, and promoting remedy reform. Complementing these priorities, the
program is placing a continued emphasis on addressing worst sites first through
accelerated cleanups consistent with the Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model
(SACM) and the Superfund Administrative Improvements efforts established in 1993.
The budget also supports military base closures by allocating resources for
Headquarters technical oversight support and Regional oversight of DOD/DOE and
other Federal facility cleanups. In addition, Headquarters and Regional support
for the oversight of Responsible Party (RP) lead removal and remedial
investigations and feasibility studies (RI/FS) projects is now provided in this
account, pursuant to the Agency's enforcement reorganization.
In 1996, the program will work to ensure maximum efficiency and protection
of human health and the environment, while promoting the legislative reform
priorities - economic redevelopment, fostering partnerships with communities,
states and other environmental stakeholders, and encouraging remedy reform for
improved cleanup solutions. The Superfund request provides a $22 million
increase coupled with a $47 million redirection to directly support these reform
priorities.
To encourage the economic redevelopment of remediated hazardous waste
sites, the program is concentrating resources in the state Core cooperative
agreement program. The Agency is providing these resources as part of an effort
to assist the states in developing their CERCLA implementation programs through
infrastructure support, financial and technical assistance, and training. The
goal is to enable states to address many of the sites that the program would
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otherwise have to delay while remediating higher risk National Priority List
(NPL) sites. The Agency's partnership with the states will make land available
for economic redevelopment sooner.
To increase community awareness and involvement, the Agency is proposing
to provide additional resources for community relations, outreach, and
environmental justice activities. The Agency will direct reform resources to
evaluate the existing Community Advisory Groups (CAGs); this information will
assist in implementing the new Community Working Groups (CWGs) concept.
Information access will be further increased through directing funds to establish
and maintain expanded Superfund information repositories at local libraries.
Resources will also be directed to pilot Superfund Information Access Centers and
the Internet Superfund Information Exchange. EPA will also increase funding for
technical assistance grants (TAGs) for affected communities. These grants will
provide the communities the means to hire technical experts to assist in their
understanding of site remediation issues.
To ensure that the worst sites are addressed in a timely fashion, the
program will implement remedy reform measures that increase the use of removal
authorities through legislative reforms. The Agency proposes to focus
significant resources on early actions at NPL sites while maintaining funding for
emergency removals. Resources will be used to perform approximately 17 early
actions at NPL sites, 25 emergency and time-critical removals at NPL sites and
135 removals at non-NPL sites. Top priority is given to the worst sites:
emergencies involving incidents where response is generally necessary within a
matter of hours (e.g., threats of fire or explosion), time-critical removals at
sites on the NPL (to make these sites safe from immediate threats while they
await remedial action), and time-critical removals at non-NPL sites posing major
health and environmental threats. The implementation of remedy reforms will
enable the Agency to expand removal authority and perform more cleanup responses
as early actions. Resources will also be used to improve the efficiency of the
Emergency and Rapid Response Services (ERRS) contracts by decentralizing their
management to the Regions.
Remedy reform efforts will be integrated with ongoing implementation of the
Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model (SACM) to streamline and improve the cleanup
program. In addition to increasing removal authorities, the remedy reform
measures will establish new cleanup standards and improve risk assessment
procedures. The SACM approach dovetails with legislative reforms geared at
reducing risk at an increased number of Superfund sites by streamlining site
characterization activities and by accelerating cleanup activities through the
use of presumptive remedies, soil standards, and other streamlining initiatives.
SACM seeks to accomplish four objectives: 1) establish a continuous process for
the assessment of site-specific conditions and the need for action; 2) create
cross-program Regional Decision/Management Teams responsible for initiating
appropriate actions as information is developed about a site; 3) achieve prompt
risk reduction through early actions (removal or remedial); and 4) ensure the
appropriate cleanup of long-term environmental problems. The overall goal of
remedy reform and SACM is to accelerate cleanups and increase efficiency in the
Superfund process within the framework of CERCLA and the National Contingency
Plan (NCP), while ensuring that cleanups continue to be protective and the public
is involved in the decision process.
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As specified in legislative reforms, the Agency supports the classification
as mandatory spending the portion of cleanup costs allocated to orphan shares.
The portion of remedial action funds supporting the orphan share in PRP-lead
remedial actions are requested in a separate appropriation and consequently not
included in this document.
Continued movement of projects through the long-term media restoration
process will remain a Superfund program priority in FY 1996. The program is
allocating workyear resources to optimize remedial design and construction pace;
current projections are approximately 126 remedial design and 115 remedial
actions starts with 330 ongoing remedial designs and 359 ongoing remedial actions
in 1996.
The program will continue to maintain other activities that support program
goals. In 1996, the Agency will continue the Delivery of Analytical Services
(DAS) strategy to streamline site sampling, in part by moving management of
analytical resources from Headquarters to the Regional offices. EPA will also
emphasize quality assurance for the Contract Lab Program (CLP) and overall
contractor oversight responsibilities.
The program is also supporting chemical emergency prevention and
preparedness activities, technology innovation efforts, strategic planning,
technical training, policy and program evaluation, management information
systems, financial accounting and tracking, and administrative services.
The On-Scene Coordinator/Remedial Project Manager (OSC/RPM) Support Program
will ensure that Superfund personnel receive appropriate training in a timely
manner. In 1996, training will be expanded to cover the latest information on
remedy reform and innovative technology.
The program -will continue to maintain a strong oversight and assistance-
role in Federal agency cleanup actions at NPL sites. In addition, the Federal
Facility program will continue to support expedited Base Closure cleanup and
property transfer. EPA will continue to transfer the lessons learned in
expediting the cleanup process at closing bases to the rest of the program,
streamlining oversight requirements, and focusing on the priority sites.
Another area of focus in 1996 will be monitoring and maintaining
corrections to material weaknesses. Over the last few years, EPA has placed
particular emphasis on addressing material weaknesses in program management
(Alternative Remedial Contracting Strategy (ARCS) Contract Management,
Accelerating Remedial Cleanups, and the Contract Lab Program) which were reported
under the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act (FMFIA). Through the FMFIA
process, the Agency implemented numerous corrective actions, tracked progress,
and reported accomplishments quarterly to the Administrator and OMB, and annually
to the President and Congress. These corrective actions brought about
significant changes in the way the Agency manages these programs: for example,
the lessons learned under our ARCS actions have been applied to new contracts.
To maintain strong program integrity and prevent previous problems from being
repeated, resources will be directed to continually monitor the effectiveness of
these program improvements and correct any new problems, should they arise.
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Explanation of Change +259.8 FTE +$104,146.3K
The 1996 budget reflects a $104,146,300 Increase from the 1995 enacted
level. The resource increase reflects an increase of $22,000,000 to implement
the priorities of legislative reforms to Superfund; an increase in resources
associated with the transfer of RI/FS and removal oversight responsibilities
pursuant to the Enforcement reorganization; an increase to implement the Agency's
new Working Capital Fund (WCF); and an increase to implement oversight
responsibilities at Federal facility cleanups, under CERCLA Section 120, pursuant
to the Agency's Enforcement reorganization. The budget reflects decreases in
certain lower priority activities as identified in a comprehensive Agency review
of the Superfund program, chiefly site assessment and investigation activities
and long-term cleanup actions.
In addition to the $22,000,000 increase and $47,000,000 in redirections to
directly implement legislative reform efforts, the 1996 budget also contains
redirections that support reforms by promoting SACM and administrative
improvements. To increase the number of sites addressed through early actions
in 1996, the program proposes to provide a redirection from long-term remedial
actions. As more sites are addressed through removal and early actions, the
Agency expects to list fewer sites on the NPL and start fewer site inspections
(Sis) and RI/FSs. Further, the site inspection backlog will be addressed by the
end of 1995, affording additional savings in these areas. Accordingly, we are
decreasing site assessment and the associated lab activities, listings, as well
as remedial investigations and feasibility studies. The program is also
proposing to reduce program evaluation functions in line with the other
reductions.
Workforce savings from site assessment activities would also be redirected
to increase the pace of cleanup at sites already proceeding through the
traditional cleanup process (RI/FS, Remedial Design, Remedial Action). This
workforce increase will allow regional staff to optimize ongoing pipeline
progress, while ensuring other Agency initiatives, such as environmental justice
and state program development, are also adequately supported. The increased
workyears for cleanup activities will also allow regional staff to more fully
address community needs and concerns about site remediation issues. In addition,
the program is proposing to shift resources to Technical Assistance Grants (TAGs)
and community relations to ensure that all communities, regardless of ethnicity
or income, have access to site information and can fully participate in site
cleanup decisions.
The 1996 budget includes $22,971,000 and 105.6 workyears for oversight of
PRP-Lead removal actions and RI/FSs. These resources will continue to be used
to monitor the PRP cleanups, ensuring they meet Superfund cleanup standards.
Similarly, the budget includes $22,384,300 and 122.2 workyears to implement
Federal facility cleanup oversight responsibilities.
The 1996 budget provides an increase of $3,032,600 to support data
processing and postage services through the Agency's newly established Working
Capital Fund. Funds for these purposes were previously provided through a
centralized Agency-wide account.
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1995 Program
In 1995 the Superfund program is allocating $888,384,900 and 1,386.1
workyears for response activities. These resources support several activities
receiving increased focus in 1995: ensuring environmental justice; enhancing
partnerships with states; improving Regional contract management; and financing
remedial activity, including mixed funding. Existing initiatives will also
remain priorities for 1995. These include implementation of SACM and continued
support to address material weaknesses identified by FMFIA.
EPA Regions will strengthen community relations at sites identified with
environmental justice issues. The increased community relations activities
ensure communities are well informed and can contribute to sLte decisions. EPA
Regions will also award TAGs for the affected communities. These grants will
enable the communities to hire technical experts to assist in their understanding
of site information.
By continuing to enhance the EPA/State partnership in site cleanups, the
program is able to increase the number of hazardous waste sites that are
addressed while accelerating each site's progress through the pipeline and
reducing costs and duplicative functions. Regions are implementing revised
policies for EPA/State Superfund program relations and are working closely with
Headquarters to increase the role of states in addressing the Superfund universe
of sites. Regions are seeking to maximize the return on investment in state
Superfund programs by issuing Core cooperative agreements to provide the states
with financial assistance to build their Superfund programs. This will increase
the states' ability to address many of the lower risk (non-NPL) sites.
A central program objective in 1995 is the continuation of the SACM
strategy. The overall goal of SACM is to accelerate cleanups and increase
efficiency in the Superfund process within the framework of CERCLA and the NCP,
while ensuring that cleanups continue to be protective and to allow for
appropriate public involvement.
Another area of program focus in 1995 is monitoring and maintaining
corrections to material weaknesses. A number of new management controls,
policies, and enhanced procedures have been added to identified programs to
strengthen management integrity. To maintain strong program integrity and
prevent previous problems from reoccurring, the Agency will continue to allocate
resources to continually monitor the effectiveness of these program improvements
and correct any new problems, should they arise.
Continued movement of projects through the response pipeline remains one
of the most significant Superfund program priorities in 1995. Plans for 1995
include beginning over 1,800 site inspections/remedial investigations and 30
feasibility studies. Building on the progress of recent years, the program will
maintain high levels of remedial design and construction activity. Current
projections are for approximately 141 remedial design and 131 remedial actions
starts with 310 ongoing remedial designs and 360 ongoing remedial actions in
1995. These efforts will lead to continuing progress toward the Agency goal of
650 NPL site completions by the year 2000.
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1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $1,137,810,000 from the Hazardous
Substance Response appropriation with 1,276.1 total workyears. A total of 39,087
sites were listed in CERCLIS at the end of 1994. EPA completed 913 preliminary
assessments (PAs) during 1994; only 4.7 percent of CERCLIS sites still required
PAs at the end of 1994. In addition, the Agency completed 595 Sis during 1994.
During 1994, 41 Regional integrated assessments were undertaken.
As of September 30, 1994, there were 64 proposed sites and 1,226 final NPL
sites for a total of 1,290. By the end of FY 1994, the Agency had deleted 64
sites from the NPL and referred one site to another authority.
The 1994 resources were used to initiate a total of 308 removal actions of
which 56 were initiated at NPL sites. Since the inception of the program, the
Agency has undertaken 2,587 fund-financed removal actions. Of the 1,355 sites
currently or previously on the NPL, 535 have been addressed by a removal action.
These efforts enabled the Agency to take immediate action to protect public
health and the environment. The program continued efforts to conduct removal
assessments at all NPL sites. During 1994, 10 early action projects were
conducted. The accelerated cleanup strategy, seeks to eliminate redundancy and
facilitate early action at sites.
At the end of 1994, remedial cleanup activities.were underway at 94 percent
of the sites on the NPL. The Agency initiated 67 RI/FSs. During 1994, 42
Records of Decision (RODs) were signed at fund-financed NPL sites. Designs began
for 27 fund-financed remedial projects and PRPs financed the design at 83
projects.
The program started remedial actions at 124 projects; PRPs conducted 93 of
these actions while 31 were fund-financed. As of September 30, 1994,
construction activities were completed at 278 sites and construction activities
were underway at a total of 430 sites. For 211 sites, designs were in progress
and RI/FS activities had been initiated at another 263. Of the remaining 173
sites on the NPL, 94 have a remedy selected or have already had a removal action
conducted. All NPL sites were evaluated by the end of FY 1994.
The program focused effort on continuing the implementation of the SACM
strategy. This included developing meaningful measures of success, a
comprehensive data management system and a communications strategy. Efforts were
also focused on improving measures of environmental cleanup and performing
environmental justice analyses including population risk and demographic studies.
In addition to promoting the use of innovative treatment technologies, the
technology innovation program promoted joint EPA/private sponsorship of full
scale technology evaluations. Results were provided to OSCs/RPMs, and state
employees through project reports, brochures, seminars, and conferences.
In 1994, under the Federal Facility program, EPA entered into 11 new
interagency agreements at Federal facilities, bringing the total to 115 at'150
NPL sites. There were 64 RI/FS starts and 60 RODs signed; 48 RD starts and 52
completions; and, 39 RA starts and 17 completions. In addition, all remedial
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construction was completed at 1 Federal facility site. Although EPA does not
generally oversee removals, EPA Regional offices recorded 39 removals at NPL
sites.
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Support
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE INCREASE
1994 BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE 1996 DECREASE DECREASE
1995 1995 1996 REQ 1996 REQ
VS VS
1995 CE 1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Substance
Response - OW
Hazardous Substance $4,734.0
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL $4,734.0
Hazardous Substance
Response - OAR
Hazardous Substance $3,396.1 $3,279.5 $3,410.1 $3,481.1 $3,417.6 -$63.5 $138.1
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL $3,396.1 $3,279.5 $3,410.1 $3,481.1 $3,417.6 -$63.5 $138.1
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance $8,130.1 $3,279.5 $3,410.1 $3,481.1 $3,417.6 -$63.5 $138.1
Response Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance TOTAL $8,130.1 $3,279.5 $3,410.1 $3,481.1 $3,417.6 -$63.5 $138.1
Response - Support
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
19.4
22.4
41.8
19.6
19.6
24.6
24.6
26.5
26.5
25.6
25.6
-9
-9
6.0
6.0
Hazardous Substance
Response - OW
Hazardous Substance
Response - OAR
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance 20.4
Response - OW
Hazardous Substance 23.2 19.6 24.6 26.5 25.6 -9 6.0
Response - OAR
TOTAL WORKYEARS 43.6 19.6 24.6 26.5 25.6 -9 6.0
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SUPERFUND
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE - SUPPORT
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,417,600 all of which is from the
Superfund appropriation supported by 25.6 total workyears for 1996. This is a
decrease of 0.9 workyears and a decrease of $63,500 from 1995.
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water
1996 Program Request
No resources are requested for this program in 1996. These efforts will
continue under the authorities found in the Safe Drinking Water Act and the Clean
Water Act.
Explanation of Change
There is no change to this program.
1995 Program
No resources are allocated for this program in 1995. These efforts are
continuing under the authorities found in the Safe Drinking Water Act and the
Clean Water Act.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $4,734,000 supported by 20.4 total-
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Response appropriation.
The Regional Drinking Water Program supported Superfund site remediation
efforts through participation in workplan development meetings and the review of
Remedial Investigations/Feasibility Studies (RI/FS) and Records of Decision
(ROD). The Program assisted in characterizing relative health risk and urgency
for remedial alternatives and analyzed the necessity for providing alternative
water supplies.
In accordance with the 1992 EPA-Natural Resources Defense Council Consent
Decree and as required by Section 304(m) of the Clean Water Act, the Agency
developed effluent guidelines and standards for the waste treatment industry.
A proposal for Phase I of the waste treatment rule was promulgated in 1994. The
Agency continued to develop the rule for the Phase II (landfills and
incinerators) portion of the industry. In addition, EPA supported the
development of sediment criteria and provided site-specific technical assistance
to Superfund sites with contaminated sediment problems, including data and sample
analyses and sediment toxicity testing. The program transferred funding to the
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry to conduct studies of the human
health impacts of consuming contaminated fish.
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Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air And Radiation
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,417,600 all of which is from the
Superfund appropriation supported by 25.6 total workyears for 1996. This is a
decrease of 0.9 workyears and a decrease of $63,500 from 1995.
During 1996 EPA will continue support for characterization, remediation,
removal, and enforcement activities at radioactively contaminated Superfund
sites. This will include laboratory support, sample analysis, and field support
available from the National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL)
through the Superfund Technical Support Center program, and site-specific
technical assistance for risk assessment and remediation technology evaluation
available from EPA's headquarters and Regional divisions and laboratories.
In 1996 EPA will continue ongoing efforts to streamline the Superfund
process. EPA will participate in these efforts to help insure that the unique
aspects of radioactively contaminated sites (e.g., in growth and decay of
contaminants and the presence of relatively high natural background radiation
levels) can be accommodated within the framework of soil screening levels and
other features of the Superfund Accelerated Clean-up Model (SACM). In addition
to providing direct technical support to Regional and Headquarters Superfund
staff on a day-to-day basis, EPA also will develop new radiation-specific
guidance for clean-up and waste management activities at radioactively
contaminated sites.
The Agency will fully implement the Radiation Safety and Health Protection
program in all EPA Regions, laboratories, and program offices where there is a
potential for worker exposure to ionizing radiation above natural background
levels. Up to 1500 employees will be enrolled. A radiation safety information
system and dosimetry database will be available Agency-wide through a local area
network to radiation program managers, health and safety managers, and other
authorized users.
These activities will contribute to meeting several of EPA's national
environmental goals. Clean-up of radioactively contaminated sites (the principal
goal to be met) and the associated elimination or minimization of radioactive
contaminant releases will promote clean air, clean surface water, safe drinking
water, prevention of waste and harmful chemical releases, and, through control
of radon gas releases, safe indoor environments. In addition, full
implementation of EPA's Radiation Safety and Health Protection program will
directly contribute to the goal of promoting worker safety.
This program will enable Regional air programs staff to provide technical
support to Superfund staff in each region. This support includes the use of air
quality models to determine the risks posed by air emissions from clean-up and
disposal techniques and technology, such as air stripping, minimizing the chances
of migration of unhealthy levels of toxics to the air media. In addition to
reviewing the remedial action plans prior to implementation, air program staff
perform final reviews of the contractors' plans and reports for selected sites.
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Explanation of Change - 0.9 FTE - $63.5K
The $63,500 decrease in Superfund reflects a reduction in contract funds
used by Regional air programs staff to provide technical support.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $3,481,100 all of which was from the
Superfund appropriation supported by 26.5 total workyears for 1995.
During 1995 EPA continues support for characterization, remediation,
removal, and enforcement activities at radioactively contaminated Superfund
sites. This includes laboratory support, sample analysis, and field support
available from the National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory through
the Superfund Technical Support Center program, as well as site-specific
technical assistance for risk assessment and remediation technologies. The
Agency will continue development of technical and policy documents to support
Headquarters and field activities. Significant changes to the Superfund Program
due to the incorporation of SACM concepts and other necessary alterations require
both revision of guidance documents and development of additional material to
address problems unique to radioactive contamination. EPA continues to develop
directives for radioactively contaminated sites and to provide support for site-
specific issues in the Regions.
The Radiation Safety and Health Protection Program, now operating in all
EPA regions, will be expanding during 1995 to include EPA laboratories and
program offices. The Agency is developing computer-based radiation safety
training modules to supplement and help streamline the basic classroom training
that is now required for enrollment in the program. The central radiation
dosimetry database will be available on-line and accessible throughout the
Agency. Up to 1500 employees are being enrolled.
Regional air programs staff provide technical support to Superfund staff in
each region. This support includes the use of air quality models to determine
the risks posed by air emissions from clean-up and disposal techniques and
technology, such as air stripping, minimizing the chances of migration of
unhealthy levels of toxics to the air media. In addition to reviewing the
remedial action plans prior to implementation, air program staff perform final
reviews of the contractors' plans and reports for selected Superfund sites.
During 1995, EPA will support evaluation of improved fate and transport
models for radionuclides, particularly for the groundwater pathways. EPA also
will complete a document that explains in layman's language how radiation cancer
incidence risk estimates are developed and how they should be applied in
Superfund risk assessments. Workshops based on this information will be held in
up to six regions.
1994 Program
The Agency allocated a total of $3,396,100 all of which is from the
Superfund appropriation supported by 23.2 total workyears for 1994.
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EPA provided technical support for site assessments, risk assessments, and
remedial technology evaluations at radiation Superfund sites in Regions 2, 3, 4,
5, 7, 9, and 10. The National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL)
provided analytical support at several of these sites. EPA also supported
development of Geographic Information System (CIS) tools for monitoring
groundwater at contaminated sites and for performing demographic analyses of
sites to support environmental justice-related decisions.
Also during 1994, EPA completed the peer review process for modifications
to its radiation risk evaluation methodology. The revised methodology adopts
many of the recommendations of national and international commissions and
represents an improvement in the science of radiation risk assessment. As a
result, EPA recently updated all of the radionuclide risk estimates (or slope
factors) in the Superfund publication, Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables
(HEAST).
Basic elements of the Radiation Safety and Health Protection Program were
implemented in all ten regions.
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency
PROGRAM
Superfund Interagency
Department of Health &
Human Services (ATSDR)
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Superfund Interagency
Department of Health &
Human Services (NIEHS)
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Superfund Interagency
United States Coast
Guard
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Superfund Interagency
Department of Justice
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Superfund Interagency
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Superfund Interagency
National Oceanographic
& Atmospheric
Administration
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Superfund Interagency
Department of Interior
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Superfund Interagency
Occupational Safety &
Health Administration
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$64,035.8
$64,035.8
$52,914.8
$52,914.8
$4,801.0
$4,801.0
$32,324.0
$32,324.0
$1,493.0
$1,493.0
$2,155.8
$2,155.8
$608.0
$608.0
$250.0
$250.0
$52,838.0
$52,838.0
$41,718.4
$41,718.4
$4,786.3
$4,786.3
$32,225.2
$32,225.2
$909.2
$909.2
$2,205.2
$2,205.2
$606.1
$606.1
$348.9
$348.9
$68,838.0
$68,838.0
$58,718.4
$58,718.4
$4,786.3
$4,786.3
$32,225.2
$32,225.2
$909.2
$909.2
$2,205.2
$2,205.2
$606.1
$606.1
$348.9
$348.9
$68,838.0
$68,838.0
$58,718.4
$58,718.4
$4,786.3
$4,786.3
$32,225.2
$32,225.2
$909.2
$909.2
$2,205.2
$2,205.2
$606.1
$606.1
$348.9
$348.9
$68,000.0
$68,000.0
$54,526.7
$54,526.7
$4,801.0
$4,801.0
$33,944.0
$33,944.0
$1,200.0
$1,200.0
$2,212.0
$2,212.0
$758.0
$758.0
$350.0
$350.0
-$838.0
-$838.0
-$4,191.7
-$4,191.7
$14.7
$14.7
$1,718.8
$1,718.8
$290.8
$290.8
$6.8
$6.8
$151.9
$151.9
$1.1
$1.1
$15,162.0
$15,162.0
$12,808.3
$12,808.3
$14.7
$14.7
$1,718.8
$1,718.8
$290.8
$290.8
$6.8
$6.8
$151.9
$151.9
$1.1
$1.1
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL:
Haz Sub Resp-REIMB
Hazardous Substance $158,582.4 $135,637.3 $168,637.3 $168,637.3 $165,791.7 -$2,845.6 $30,154.4
Response Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance TOTAL $158,582.4 $135,637.3 $168,637.3 $168,637.3 $165,791.7 -$2,845.6 $30,154.4
Response - Interagency
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Interagency 7.5
Reimbursables -
Hazardous Substance
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 7.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Interagency 7.5
Reimbursables -
Hazardous Substance
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS 7.5
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SUPERFUND
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE - INTERAGENCY
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $165,971,700 from the Hazardous Substances
Trust Fund Appropriation for 1996. This resource level represents a decrease of
$2,845,600 from 1995.
Department of Health & Human Services - Agency For Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR)
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $68,000,000 for ATSDR for the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation.
In 1996, ATSDR will continue to provide technical support and expertise as
required under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), as amended, to protect public health and to
determine the toxicological and human health impacts associated with hazardous
substances. New emphasis will be placed on supporting the needs of disadvantaged
communities.
In 1996, ATSDR will develop and review final health assessments and
consultations for National Priorities List (NPL) sites. In response to citizen
petitions, ATSDR will produce and oversee state production of health assessments
for NPL sites. Health assessments and related follow-up work involve conducting
health studies at NPL sites; investigating complaints of illness or disease.
related to exposure to hazardous substances; developing appropriate biological
testing for exposed individuals; and developing and maintaining registries of
exposed individuals. CERCLA requires ATSDR to perform a health assessment within
one year from the date of an NPL site proposal. ATSDR will also continue
implementation of the Health Activities Recommendation Panel (HARP) which was
formed to determine appropriate public health actions for communities living near
hazardous waste sites.
ATSDR will continue to maintain and update the existing sub-registry of the
National Exposure Registry; continue site-specific surveillance projects; operate
state-based surveillance projects; and continue the Hazardous Waste Workers
Surveillance program. ATSDR will also continue studies to further define the
association between exposure and adverse health effects on seven priority health
conditions. Technical assistance will continue to the health community through
maintenance of automated directories and information systems.
In 1996, ATSDR will initiate draft versions and periodically update
toxicological profiles. Toxicological profile activities also will include
evaluating the relationships between community health outcomes and environmental
contamination data in the ATSDR Hazardous Substance Database (HAZDAT),
determining levels of significant human exposures; maintaining a 24-hour hotline
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for receiving reports of hazardous waste releases and providing treatment
information; and establishing an ATSDR substance-specific research program to
fill data needs for priority hazardous substances.
ATSDR will also perform health education activities including maintaining
and disseminating data from an inventory of health effects information, as well
as updating a listing of areas closed to the public. ATSDR will continue a
cooperative agreement with the Association of Minority Health Profession Schools
(AMHPS) to assist in the training of minority physicians, pharmacists, and other
health-care professionals to improve the health status of minority communities.
ATSDR will also continue the Board of Scientific Counselors to ensure the
scientific quality, timeliness, usefulness, and dissemination of ATSDR
information.
Explanation of Change - $838.0 K
The Agency's request represents a decrease of $838,000 from the FY 1995
appropriated levels for ATSDR. The decrease is due to the reduction in funding
of 1995 Congressional redirections.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $68,838,000 for ATSDR from the
Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
In 1995, ATSDR is reviewing more final health assessments and consultations
for National Priorities List (NPL) sites as states increase the number of health
assessments they conduct. The increased state participation offsets the
reduction in ATSDR conducted health assessments. In response to citizen
petitions, ATSDR is producing and overseeing state production of health
assessments for NPL sites. Health consultations to states, local governments,
and EPA are being performed in 1995.
Health assessments and related follow-up work involve conducting health
studies at NPL sites; investigating complaints of illness or disease related to
exposure to hazardous substances; developing appropriate biological testing for
exposed individuals; and developing and maintaining registries of exposed
individuals. CERCLA requires ATSDR to perform a health assessment within one
year from the date of an NPL site proposal.
ATSDR is initiating draft versions of toxicological profiles. ATSDR is
also: maintaining and updating the existing sub-registry of the National Exposure
Registry; undertaking four existing site-specific surveillance projects;
operating four state based surveillance projects; and conducting one surveillance
project on hazardous waste workers as well as nine surveillance projects on
emergency events. Technical assistance is continuing to the health community by
maintenance of automated directories and information systems such as the
Toxicological Network (TOXNET) and the Environmental Health Information Resources
Directory.
In 1995, ATSDR is maintaining a 24-hour hotline for reports of CERCLA
releases; responding to requests for information from Federal agencies;
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conducting health assessments; providing health consultations to states, local
governments and the Agency; developing a research program to help fill data gaps
on toxicological profile chemicals; continuing epidemiological and exposure
studies and various surveillance projects; preparing and disseminating health
education information and reporting to Congress on health-related activities;
continuing to participate in the National Response Team; expanding the minority
Environmental Health Initiative to address environmental justice; and continuing
the Lead Initiative to prevent lead toxicity in young children.
Congressional Directives: A total of $16,000,000 is for Congressionally
directed projects for ATSDR's core activities, minority health professional
program, and the study of human health impacts of contaminated fish.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency spent a total of $64,035,800 for ATSDR from the
Hazardous Substance Superfund Appropriation:
In 1994, ATSDR continued its core functions of conducting and reviewing
health assessments at NPL sites, providing health related technical assistance
to the Agency and other parties, maintaining registries of individuals exposed
to hazardous substances, and developing appropriate biological testing for those
individuals. ATSDR also continued its efforts to investigate complaints of
illnesses or disease related to exposure of hazardous substances.
Department of Health & Human Services - National Institute Of Environmental And
Health Sciences (NIEHS)
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $54,526,700 for ATSDR for the Hazardous
Substance Superfund Appropriation.
In 1996, NIEHS will continue to provide basic research grants for the
assessment and evaluation of human exposure to and effect of hazardous
substances; this analysis will be expanded to incorporate the impact of
socioeconomic factors on environmental exposure. NIEHS will also focus on
assessing the impact of multiple chemical exposure to provide more useful and
realistic chemical exposure data. NIEHS will also support non-biomedical
disciplines in funding projects to study the transport and fate of chemicals
through various media from waste sites. Graduate students and post-doctoral
researchers will assist and be trained in research conducted at NIEHS-supported
universities. Activities will include the maintenance of access to hazardous
substance databases, dissemination of innovative technology information, and the
development and implementation of major scientific conferences and workshops in
the areas of biodegradation, biomarkers, ecotoxicology, exposure, and human
health effects. NIEHS training efforts will also include outreach to
communities, the government, and industry.
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The NIEHS worker safety training grants program will continue its efforts
to ensure that grantees are providing a program of high quality instruction to
workers targeted by the program (i.e., laborers and emergency responders).
Explanation of Change - $4,191.7K
The Agency's request represents a decrease of $4,191,700 from the FY 1995
appropriated levels for NIEHS. The decrease is due to the reduction in funding
of 1995 Congressional redirections.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $58,718,400 for NIEHS from the
Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
In 1995, NIEHS is enhancing its basic research grants programs. Research
projects are being funded at universities and institutions. Through-scientific
conferences and workshops, NIEHS is communicating research findings. NIEHS is
piloting new technologies, integrating research findings, and identifying
continuing research gaps. Emphasis on technology transfer is continued in 1995.
In the worker safety training grants program, NIEHS is continuing
implementation of the recommendations from the evaluations of the training grant
programs. The evaluations were conducted to ensure that the grantees are
providing a program of high quality instruction to workers targeted by the
program and to ensure that the training received is being used by workers engaged
in activities related to hazardous substance removal and containment. In
addition, a special minority worker training program is being initiated in FY
1995. NIEHS expects the cumulative number of trainees to increase to at least
345,000.
Congressional Directives: A total of $17,000,000 is for Congressionally
directed projects for the NIEHS basic research grant program and minority worker
training/minority research activities.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency spent a total of $52,914,800 for NIEHS from the
Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
In 1994, NIEHS continued its activities in support of basic research and
worker training. NIEHS disseminated research findings and identified relevant
gaps in research. The worker training program continued to implement its mandate
to provide high-quality instruction to workers engaged in hazardous substance
removal and remediation.
United States Coast Guard (USCG)
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,801,000 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for the USCG.
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In 1996, the USCG will evaluate reports of releases of hazardous
substances, pollutants or contaminants in the coastal zone by providing
adequately equipped and properly trained personnel to investigate releases and
to monitor or supervise removal actions. The USCG will ensure the effective
management of the CERCLA program within its purview, while providing necessary
assistance to On-Scene Coordinators (OSCs) in successfully dealing with CERCLA
incidents.
The USCG will continue to provide a central point of contact through the
National Response Center for receiving reports of releases of hazardous
substances and will notify the pre-designated Federal OSC and other appropriate
governmental and/or private entities. Assistance will be provided in information
systems in the assessment of released substances. USCG will support the Regional
Response Team (RRT) and National Response Team (NRT) components of the national
response mechanism.
The USCG will continue to provide training (national response exercises and
local training and exercises) to maintain this response capability. The medical
monitoring system will continue in order to minimize the possibility of harmful
effects to USCG enforcement or response personnel from exposure to hazardous
substances, pollutants, or contaminants.
The USCG will continue to work to reduce the occurrence and effects of
releases of hazardous substances by enforcing applicable sections of CERCLA, as
amended. Included in the activities, the USCG will: issue and check Certificates
of Financial Responsibility; investigate hazardous substance spill reports; and
determine penalties and prepare liability assessments for potentially responsible
parties.
Explanation of Change +$14.7K
The $14,700 increase reflects adjustments to fund USCG at the FY 1994
enacted level.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,786,300 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation.
In 1995, the USCG is continuing to implement its responsibilities under
CERCLA, as amended. Included in these responsibilities are the investigation of
reported spills, enforcement-related duties, and information management
activities. In addition, the USCG will oversee response actions in its purview
and assist Federal OSCs at CERCLA incidents.
Responsibilities also include: providing a central point of contact for
receiving reports of releases of hazardous substances and notifying the
pre-designated Federal OSC; providing assistance in assessing the hazards of
released substances; and supporting the NRT and RRTs. The USCG is also
continuing the medical monitoring system to minimize the possibility of health
effects to USCG enforcement or response personnel from exposure to hazardous
substances, pollutants, or contaminants.
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1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $4,801,000 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for the USCG.
The USCG provided a central point of contact for receiving reports of
releases of hazardous substances and notified the pre-designated OSC and other
appropriate governmental and/or private entities. In addition, the USCG provided
assistance in the assessment of the hazards of released pollutants. The USCG
also supported the NRT and RRT components of the National response mechanism.
In support of its mission, the USCG developed and maintained information
systems for program management analysis and the necessary chemical assessment
data systems for proper response to hazardous substance incidents.
Department of Justice (DOJ)
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $33,944,000 for the United States Department
of Justice from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents
a $1,718,800 increase in funding from 1995. All of the resources in this program
are Headquarters resources to provide support to EPA's Superfund enforcement
program through the Department of Justice.
In 1996, the Department of Justice (DOJ) will maintain its support of the
Agency by reviewing consent decrees, enforcement of information requests, and
access cases. DOJ will increase the number of de minimis settlements it reviews
in support of the Superfund program's "Enforcement Fairness" efforts. In
addition, DOJ will impose civil penalties in instances where the PRPs: violate,
notification requirements of CERCLA; deny access to sites; destroy records;
violate financial responsibility regulations; or violate administrative and
judicial settlement agreements.
DOJ will pursue criminal cases and continue to provide support to EPA's
cost recovery efforts. DOJ will also defend the Agency against citizen suits,
pre-enforcement review cases, reimbursement claims, and challenges to EPA
administrative civil penalty decisions.
The United States Department of Justice (DOJ) plays a crucial role in the
overall Superfund "Enforcement First" strategy. Successful judicial enforcement
actions to recover cleanup costs and to compel responsible parties to perform
cleanups are integral to maintaining the leverage of the Superfund Trust Fund.
While DOJ focuses primarily on civil enforcement activities, the Department
also prosecutes criminal violations of the statute, defends EPA in a wide range
of areas including decisions to add or exclude sites on the National Priorities
List (NPL), and challenges to Superfund regulations and guidance. DOJ also
prepares all cases heard in the Courts of Appeals and the Supreme Court. DOJ's
support activities contribute to Superfund's overarching goal of Cleanup of
Contaminated Sites.
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Explanation of Change +$1,718.8K
The Interagency Superfund Department of Justice program element increase
of $1,718,800 will be used for supporting enforcement fairness through de minimis
settlements. The resources will also support enforcement first by pursuing early
settlements for large dollar cases, including those with recalcitrant PRPs that
do not settle initially.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $32,225,200 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for DOJ. DOJ is providing civil and criminal
enforcement litigation which includes counseling on and enforcing administrative
orders, giving warrants for entry, instituting suits to compel removal and
remedial actions, and recovering response costs incurred by the Fund.
In 1995, the Justice Department is continuing to provide assistance to EPA
regarding the implementation of the Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model. DOJ is
continuing its civil litigation efforts in support of the Superfund program and
is. filing suits to compel PRP cleanup and to recover costs incurred by the Trust
Fund.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $32,324,000 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for DOJ. In 1994, the Justice Department
assisted EPA in implementing the Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model (SACM) . DOJ
provided litigation support to the Superfund program by filing suits to compel
PRP cleanup and to recover costs incurred by the Trust Fund.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,200,000 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for FEMA.
In 1996, FEMA will continue to support the Superfund program in the
management and coordination of training programs for state and local governments.
These courses assist local officials in addressing emergency incidents in their
communities and support the National Response Team (NRT) by raising the awareness
and understanding of hazardous materials issues among participants of the
National Response System (NRS). Resources will also continue to support state
and local governments and the private sector in the implementation of planning
and preparedness guidance. FEMA will also provide technical assistance to
On-Scene Coordinators (OSCs) in support of the National Contingency Plan (NCP)
and the NRS. FEMA activities in support of emergency preparedness for oil and
hazardous materials incidents include support of the NRT in the development and
implementation of the annual preparedness and response work plans and
participation on various committees in the review of hazardous materials plans.
FEMA will also continue to maintain regional libraries of hazardous materials
13-48
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training information and provide financial support for hazardous materials
training exercises.
Explanation of Change +$290.8K
The Agency's request represents an increase of $290,800 from the 1995
enacted level for FEMA. This increase will allow FEMA to increase emergency
preparedness activities in support of their National Response Team
responsibilities.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $909,200 for FEMA. FEMA will
continue to provide technical assistance to State and local governments through
improved coordination with the Regional Response Team (RRT) for all preparedness
activities. Training is continuing through the Emergency Management Institute
and the National Fire Academy. FEMA is providing support to NRT initiatives
concerning information exchange.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $1,493,000 of which $30,000
supported temporary and permanent relocations from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
In 1994, FEMA continued to provide technical assistance to state and local
governments through improved coordination with the RRT for all preparedness
activities. FEMA provided support to the NRT initiatives for information
exchange. In 1994, the permanent and temporary relocation program was
redelegated to the Agency.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,212,000 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for NOAA. In 1996, these resources will allow NOAA to
provide technical assistance to On-Scene Coordinators (OSCs) and Remedial Project
Managers (RPMs) in investigating and evaluating the risk associated with releases
of hazardous substances in coastal and marine areas. NOAA will continue to
develop and improve information sources such as the Computer-Aided Management of
Emergency Operations (CAMEO) program, to minimize risk and improve the
effectiveness of response operations. In addition, NOAA will continue to provide
technical support to the Agency during hazardous waste site investigations to
identify and assess risks to coastal resources. NOAA will also act as technical
liaison with the Agency and other Federal, state, and local agencies on coastal
resource issues of common interest.
Explanation of Change +$6.8K
The $6,800 increase in NOAA resources reflects adjustments in FY 96 to
return NOAA to its FY 1994 enacted funding level. NOAA will also redirect
13-49
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resources to better provide site specific technical assistance to EPA Regions
during site assessment and cleanup activities in their efforts to evaluate risks
to human health and the environment . NOAA will work to improve the linkage
between the evaluation of site risk and appropriate site specific cleanup goals.
Resources will be redirected from non-site specific assistance activities
(contingency planning, communications, and training functions).
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating $2,205,200 from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for NOAA. NOAA is providing technical support for
activities associated with hazardous waste site removal arid remedial actions
affecting coastal and marine resources. NOAA is also developing and conducting
field testing of advanced chemical sampling analytical equipment used for
response operations and is providing policy support to the NRT/RRTs and to state
and local entities in the areas of contingency planning, community relations,
communications, preparedness evaluation, and training.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $2,155,800 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for NOAA. In support of its mission, NOAA
continued to provide technical assistance to Federal site managers in incidents
in coastal and marine areas. Activities relating to site sampling and response
in coastal areas and information management and training activities were
emphasized.
Department of the Interior (DPI)
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $758,000 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for DOI.
DOI will continue to perform response preparedness and management
activities that support the National Response System which includes the National
Response Team (NRT), 13 Regional Response Teams (RRTs), On-Scene Coordinators
(OSCs) and Remedial Program Managers (RPMs). These activities will include
providing ecosystem expertise and assistance to OSCs and RPMs during cleanup;
performing natural resources training; reviewing contingency plans , participating
in NRT/RRT preparedness and training activities; and providing coordination of
its range of natural resource expertise to Headquarters personnel in agencies
participating in the NRT.
In addition, DOI will provide trustee assistance and conduct damage
assessment activities. This will include providing technical assistance to
enhance state and Federal trustee officials' capacity to conduct natural resource
damage assessments (NRDA). DOI will conduct training, briefings and classes in
the field to Federal, state, and tribal trustees on the NRDA rule.
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Explanation of Change +$151.9K
The Agency's request represents an increase of $151,900 for DOI from the
1995 enacted level. With additional funds, DOI will be able to provide more
support to the RRT function to ensure natural resource issues are effectively
addressed.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $606,100 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for DOI. DOI participates in preparedness and
training activities, as well as CERCLA work group activities. To ensure that
proper consideration is given to natural resources and sensitive environments,
DOI is providing guidance, technical assistance, and training to States and local
governments. DOI is also conducting training sessions and workshops, developing
guidance, and providing technical assistance to enhance Federal trustee
officials' capacity to conduct natural resource damage assessments.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $608,000 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for DOI. With these funds, DOE continued its
efforts to ensure natural resource issues were addressed at CERCLA incidents by
providing training and technical assistance. Special emphasis was placed on
assistance relating to natural resource damage assessments.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $350,000 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for OSHA. In 1996, OSHA will conduct compliance
assistance visits to review site safety and health plans and programs at
Superfund responses. These visits are to ensure worker protection at Superfund
sites. OSHA will also provide technical assistance to EPA and other Federal
agencies, and develop guidelines and procedures for assessing safety and health
at hazardous waste sites. In addition, OSHA will continue to participate in
response activations of the National Response Team (NRT) and Regional Response
Team (RRT) by providing technical assistance to other team members.
OSHA will continue its implementation of the Hazardous Waste Standards
(HWS) by developing a training certification program for hazardous waste and
emergency response workers.
Explanation of Change +$1.1K
The Agency's request represents an increase of $1,100 to adjust OSHA's
budget to reflect the FY 1994 enacted resource level. This funding level will
allow OSHA to continue its current level of worker safety activities.
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1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $348,900 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for OSHA. OSHA continues to conduct safety and
health inspections at Superfund sites and provide assistance at the sites to the
NRT/RRTs. The resources allow OSHA to support: technical assistance at hazardous
waste sites; worker safety inspections and enforcement at sites where Superfund
remedial actions are underway; and assistance to the NRT/RRT in preparedness and
training activities. OSHA uses resources to develop required standards for the
certification of training for employees engaged in hazardous waste operations.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $250,000 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for OSHA. In 1994, OSHA implemented its
responsibilities with respect to worker safety at CERCLA responses through a
program of compliance inspections, enforcement, and technical assistance. Funds
were also applied to support: information sharing activities; the review and
development of contingency plans; participation in simulation exercises; and
training activities.
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response-Enforcement
ACTUAL
1994
PROGRAM
Hazardous Substance-
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$105,
,121.2
TOTAL $105,121.2
Hazardous Substance-
Legal Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance-
Criminal Enforcement
Program
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance
Federal Facilities
Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance
Site Remediation
Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance
$27,
TOTAL $27,
$2,
TOTAL $2,
$8,
TOTAL $8,
$26,
TOTAL $26,
$5,
TOTAL $5,
$175,
236.8
236.8
783.5
783.5
156.1
156.1
425.9
425.9
320.6
320.6
044.1
$100,562.4
$100,562.4
$25,810.1
$25,810.1
$2,680.5
$2,680.5
$8,515.6
$8,515.6
$30,011.0
$30,011.0
$20,142.8
$20,142.8
$187,722.4
$94,444.4
$94,444.4
$24,706.5
$24,706.5
$209.3
$209.3
$8,604.2
$8,604.2
$27,891.0
$27,891.0
$21,460.5
$21,460.5
$177,315.9
$94,444.
$94,444.
$24,706.
$24,706.
$3,417.
$3,417.
$8,604.
$8,604.
$27,891.
$27,891.
$18,237.
$18,237.
$177,300.
4
4
5
5
7
7
2
2
0
0
1
1
9
$121,715
$121,715
$29,484
$29,484
$3,386
$3,386
$9,327
$9,327
$8,250
$8,250
$20,574
$20,574
$192,739
.9
.9
.1
.1
.9
.9
.7
.7
.7
.7
.3
.3
.6
$27,271.
$27,271.
$4,777.
$4,777.
-$30.
-$30.
$723.
$723.
-$19,640.
-$19,640.
$2,337.
$2,337.
$15,438.
5
5
6
6
8
8
5
5
3
3
2
2
7
$21,153.5
$21,153.5
$3,674.0
$3,674.0
$706.4
$706.4
$812.1
$812.1
-$21,760.3
-$21,760.3
$431.5
$431.5
$5,017.2
Response Trust Fund
Hazardous Substance
Response-Enforcement
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance-
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance-
Legal Enforcement
Hazardous Substance-
Criminal Enforcement
Program
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support
TOTAL $175,044.1 $187,722.4 $177,315.9 $177,300.9 $192,739.6 $15,438.7 $5,017.2
750.1
353.1
25.1
41.1
737.1
359.0
23.1
41.7
767.6
359.0
23.1
44.7
759.5
355.0
23.5
45.0
624.9
380.9
23.8
43.5
-134.6
25.9
3
-1.5
-112.2
21.9
7
1.8
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response-Enforcement
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
Hazardous Substance
Federal Facilities
Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Site Remediation
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance-
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance-
Legal Enforcement
Hazardous Substance-
Criminal Enforcement
Program
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support
Hazardous Substance
Federal Facilities
Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Site Remediation
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
186.3 221.0 221.0 218.8 98.4 -120.4 -122.6
39.6 117.7 117.7 113.5
43.1
107.6
25.5 23.1
24.4
28.6 28.5
41.7 45.4 45.7 44.1
40.5 117.7 120.9 116.7 110.5
-5.9 -10.1
1,395.3 1,499.6 1,533.1 1,515.3 1,279.1 -236.2 -220.5
780.2 737.1 780.9 772.8 637.2 -135.6 -99.9
377.6 359.0 364.8 360.8 386.4 25.6 27.4
-1
-1.6
5.4
2.4
191.3 221.0 223.2 221.0 100.5 -120.5 -120.5
-6.2 -7.2
1,458.2 1,499.6 1,559.6 1,545.6 1,307.2 -238.4 -192.4
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SUPERFUND
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE - ENFORCEMENT
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $192,739,600 supported by 1,307.2 total
workyears for 1996 for the Hazardous Substance appropriation for technical
administrative and legal enforcement activities. Due to the Agency's enforcement
reorganization in 1995, the Headquarters component of the Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement program was moved into the Site Remediation Enforcement
program located within this same media.
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $121,715,900 and 637.2 total workyears from
the Hazardous Substance appropriation. This represents an increase of $27,271,500
and a reduction of 135.6 total workyears. The increase in dollars reflects the
net change between the transfer of removal and RI/FS oversight functions to the
Hazardous Spill and Site Response program as part of the continuing resolution
of the enforcement reorganization; the funding of resources needed to implement
Superfund legislative reform efforts; and, the redirections to fund new program
priorities. The decrease in workyears reflects the transfer of removal and RI/FS
oversight functions to the Hazardous Spill and Site Response Program and part of
the government-wide reduction in the workforce. All of the Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement program resources are for the Regions.
In 1996, the Superfund enforcement program will continue efforts to achieve
the overarching goal of Cleanup of Contaminated Sites. The 1996 program will
emphasize the following priorities in support of that goal: 1) ensure effective
enforcement by fairly and aggressively assuring that liable parties pay (through
maximizing PRP participation, meeting Statute of Limitation (SOL) deadlines for
cost recovery amounts greater than $200,000 programmatic, and by initiating cost
recovery for non-settlor and large dollar cases); 2) enhance enforcement fairness
through increased emphasis on such activities as de minimis settlements,
evaluating claims of limited ability to pay, and prospective purchaser
agreements; 3) ensure environmental justice in program implementation; and 4)
promote environmental restoration by compelling site cleanups and supporting
innovative technology, and by timely and protective cleanups at the worst sites
first.
In 1996, the Superfund enforcement program will continue to pursue
administrative reform initiatives to enhance enforcement fairness, improve
efficiency in achieving settlements with responsible parties, facilitate economic
redevelopment, and increase public participation in the Superfund enforcement
process. The administrative reforms include, but are not limited to: early PRP
searches; expedited settlements to facilitate early de minimis settlements;
settlements with parties with limited ability to pay; selected allocation pilots;
more effective and widespread use of alternative dispute resolution; removal of
13-55
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liability barriers to economic redevelopment through prospective purchaser
agreements; and projects for meaningful community participation.
In 1996, the Agency will continue to provide funding for negotiations with
potentially responsible parties (PRPs) to obtain response actions consistent with
the National Contingency Plan (NCP). As PRPs conduct work, the Agency will
monitor compliance with settlements and orders and take enforcement actions where
there is non-compliance. Where negotiations fail, the Agency will either take
unilateral enforcement actions requiring PRP cleanup or use Trust Fund dollars
to remediate sites. Cost recovery actions will be taken against PRPs to recover
Trust Fund expenditures.
In 1996, increased focus will be placed on the concept of enforcement first
by conducting expeditious PRP Searches to maximize the potential for early and
equitable PRP response. Where appropriate, enforcement orders will be negotiated
or unilaterally issued to obtain early action by PRPs. This emphasis on early
establishment of liability will result in earlier reduction of risk at sites and
a reduction in transaction costs to the PRPs. Where long-term action is required,
a more comprehensive remedial investigation and feasibility study will be
conducted, and maximum efforts will be made to get responsible parties to conduct
the long-term response actions. The Agency will continue to emphasize de minimis
and de micromis settlements to ensure enforcement fairness and will use such
tools as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) to minimize transaction costs.
Enforcement fairness will also be supported through earlier and more
comprehensive PRP searches.
Explanation of Change -135.6 FTE +$27,271.5K
A reduction of 135.6 workyears and $27,271,500 to the Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement program reflects the following resource changes: the
transfer of 105.6 workyears and $22,971,000 for the oversight functions for PRP
removal and RI/FS actions to the Hazardous Spill and Site Response program as
part of continuing resolution of the enforcement reorganization; a reduction of
55.2 workyears, which resulted from the Agency-wide Superfund base review, will
reduce RI/FS negotiations and starts and ongoing cost recovery; and a reduction
of 7.2 workyears for program oversight.
$33,000,000 will support Superfund legislative reform efforts, including
development of guidance, early settlements, PRP searches, Litigation and
allocation process. The Regions will redirect $1,000,000 from their contract
base to Headquarters for analytic/communications support for Superfund reform
efforts, noted in the activities above.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $94,444,400 and 772.8 workyears from
the Hazardous Substance appropriation.
In 1995, the Agency is initiating administrative reforms and pilots which
the regions will implement. In enforcement, these reforms are being directed
toward: early identification and settlement with de minimis parties and those
with a limited ability to pay an allocation process which takes advantage of
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early PRP searches and is aimed at minimizing transaction costs to PRP's while
assuring fairness in the allocation of responsibility at Superfund sites; removal
of economic redevelopment barriers through prospective purchaser settlements;
and, pilot projects for meaningful community participation.
The Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement program is continuing its
efforts in 1995 in ongoing projects to assure continued compliance by responsible
parties where administrative or judicial remedial agreements are already in
place. Enforcement is continuing to be the option of first choice to assure that
response actions are undertaken quickly and, wherever feasible, those responsible
for the releases pay their fair share.
As the Agency is continuing to implement the accelerated cleanup model
promoting early risk reduction, the enforcement program will focus on identifying
PRPs early to maintain a high level of PRP participation. As a result of the
Agency's success in achieving private response at Superfund sites, additional
attention is being placed in 1995 on monitoring compliance with settlements and
orders.
In 1995, the Agency is continuing to use available administrative and civil
judicial enforcement tools to obtain PRP response actions, and to manage and
successfully finalize PRP response and enforcement actions already underway.
PRPs that fail to respond to requests for information are subject to enforcement
actions. The enforcement program is overseeing PRP conduct of response actions,
and issuing orders and/or stipulated penalties when PRPs are not in compliance
with settlement agreements.
The Agency is issuing administrative orders and, when appropriate,
pursues litigation for injunctive relief where settlements are not achieved. The
program is also pursuing non-settling PRPs, and follows up with aggressive cost
recovery actions when the Trust Fund is used for removal and remedial response
actions. Cost recovery activities focus on large cases, on cases constrained by
the statute of limitations and on administrative cases. An aggressive cost
recovery program supported by effective cost documentation creates incentives for
early PRP participation in the cleanup of hazardous waste sites.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $105,121,200 and 780.2 total workyears from
the Hazardous Substance appropriation.
In 1994, the Superfund enforcement program demonstrated success by reaching
a level of PRP commitment to cleanup at more than 70% of Superfund remedial
sites. New Superfund private party cleanups commitments exceeded $1,400,000,000
and another $204,000,000 was returned to the United States Treasury through cost
recovery actions. PRP contributions at Superfund remedial sites have increased
significantly over the last several years allowing Federal cleanup contributions
to diminish. Finally, monies returned to the Fund through cost recovery efforts
will enable the program to address "true" orphan sites.
The Technical Enforcement program produced and maintained cost
documentation in support of cost recovery actions. The Agency pursued early de
-------
minimis settlements where the opportunities were identified, and focused on PRP
compliance with settlement agreements.
The Agency continued to implement the accelerated cleanup model and
succeeded in achieving private response at Superfund sites. Available
administrative and civil judicial enforcement tools were used to obtain PRP
response actions, and to manage and successfully finalize PRP response and
enforcement actions that were in progress. The enforcement program also provided
oversight of PRP conduct of response actions, and issued orders and/or stipulated
penalties when PRPs were not in compliance with settlement agreements.
The Agency issued administrative orders and, when appropriate, pursued
litigation for injunctive relief where settlements were riot achieved. The
program also pursued non-settling PRPs, and followed up with aggressive cost
recovery actions when the Trust Fund was used for removal and remedial response
actions. The Agency sought the recovery of government costs plus treble damages
when PRPs did not comply with unilateral orders.
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $29,484,100 and 386.4 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $4,777,600 and 25.6 total
workyears from 1995. The increase in dollars and workyears reflects resources
for the regional counsels to provide legal advice and support in pursuing
Superfund enforcement fairness issues, aggressive cost recovery, greater
Potentially Responsible Party (PRP) response rates in conducting removal actions
and prospective purchaser agreements. All resources for Hazardous Substance
Legal enforcement are located in the Regions.
In 1996, the Superfund legal enforcement program will support the Agency
environmental principles and goals, in particular the principle of environmental
accountability and the goal of Cleanup of Contaminated Sites. In 1996 the
program priorities are as follows: 1) ensure effective enforcement by fairly and
aggressively assuring that liable parties pay (through maximizing PRP
participation, meeting Statute of Limitation (SOLs) for cost recovery greater
than $200,000, and by initiating cost recovery for non-settlor and large dollar
cases); 2) enhance enforcement fairness through increased emphasis on such
activities as de minimis settlements, evaluating claims of limited ability to
pay, and prospective purchaser agreements; 3) ensure environmental justice in
program implementation; and, 4) promote environmental restoration by compelling
site cleanups and supporting innovative technology, and by timely and protective
cleanups at the worst sites first.
In 1996, the Agency will continue to pursue administrative reforms to
enhance enforcement fairness, to improve efficiency in achieving settlements with
responsible parties, to facilitate economic redevelopment and to increase public
participation in the Superfund enforcement process. The administrative reforms
include, but are not limited to: expedited settlements to facilitate early de
minimis settlements, and settlements with parties with limited ability to pay;
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selected allocation pilots; more effective and widespread use of alternative
dispute resolution; removal of liability barriers to economic redevelopment
through prospective purchaser agreements; and pilot projects to enhance community
participation.
In 1996, the Agency will continue to provide funding for negotiations with
PRPs to obtain response actions consistent with the National Contingency Plan
(NCP) . As PRPs conduct work, the Agency will monitor compliance with settlements
and orders and take enforcement actions when necessary. Where negotiations fail,
the Agency will either take unilateral enforcement actions requiring PRP cleanup
or use Trust Fund dollars to remediate sites. Cost recovery actions will then be
taken against PRPs to recover Trust Fund expenditures.
In 1996, regional legal enforcement program will emphasize expeditious
settlements to maximize the potential for early and equitable PRP response.
Where appropriate, enforcement orders will be negotiated or unilaterally issued
to obtain early action by PRPs. This emphasis on early establishment of
liability should result in accelerated risk reduction at sites and will reduce
transaction costs to the PRPs. For Superfund National Priorities List (NPL) sites
or sites where long-term action may be required, a more comprehensive remedial
investigation and feasibility study will be conducted, and maximum efforts will
be made to get responsible parties to conduct the long-term response actions
under a consent decree or a unilateral administrative order.
The legal enforcement program will increase the resources devoted to de
minimis and de micromis settlements to ensure enforcement fairness and will use
such tools as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) to minimize transaction costs
and to promote economic development. The emphasis on early and comprehensive PRP
searches discussed previously will support the early de minimis effort and will
also help the program maintain its high rate of PRP participation.
Explanation of Change +25.6 FTE +$4,777.6K
The increase of 25.6 total workyears and $4,777,600 reflects resources
redirected to regional legal enforcement during the Agency-wide Superfund Base
Review: for increasing Potentially Responsible Party (PRP) lead removals; for
addressing enforcement fairness issues by increasing de minimis settlements; for
increasing the use of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) for settlements; for
prospective purchaser agreements; and, for implementing revisions to the cost
recovery strategy (which calls for settling earlier in the process and pursuing
non-settlers).
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $24,706,500 supported by 360.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
In 1995, the Agency is initiating administrative reforms and pilots which
the regions will implement. In enforcement, these reforms are being directed
toward: early identificatipn and settlement with de minimis parties and those
with a limited ability to pay; an allocation process which takes advantage of
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early PRP searches, minimizes transaction costs to PRP's, and assures fairness
in the allocation of responsibility for liability; removal of economic
redevelopment barriers through prospective purchaser settlements; and, pilots for
meaningful community participation.
As the Agency is continuing to implement the accelerated cleanup model
promoting early risk reduction in 1995, the enforcement program is focusing on
identifying PRPs early to maintain a high level of PRP participation. As a result
of the Agency's success in achieving private response at Superfund sites,
regional legal enforcement personnel are paying additional attention to
monitoring compliance with settlements and orders. Where a PRP is in non-
compliance, the Agency is using administrative and civil judicial actions and
assessing penalties as appropriate.
In 1995, the Agency is continuing to use administrative and civil judicial
enforcement tools to obtain PRP response actions, and to manage and successfully
finalize PRP response and enforcement actions already underway. The enforcement
program is monitoring PRP conduct of response actions, and issuing orders and/or
stipulated penalties when PRPs are not in compliance with settlement agreements.
The Agency is issuing administrative orders and, when appropriate,
pursues litigation for injunctive relief where settlements are not achieved. The
program is also pursuing non-settling PRPs, and follows up with aggressive cost
recovery actions when the Trust Fund is used for removal and remedial response
actions. The Agency is seeking recovery of government costs plus treble damages
when PRPs do not comply with unilateral orders. The program is focusing cost
recovery activities on large cases, on cases constrained by the statute of
limitations and on administrative cases. Accurate and timely cost documentation
is a priority because it places the Agency in a stronger position to negotiate
cost recovery, and to litigate settlements.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated $27,236,800 and 377.6 total workyears for the
Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. The program demonstrated its
success by reaching a level of PRP commitment to cleanup of more than 70% of
Superfund remedial sites. In 1994, new Superfund private party cleanups
commitments exceeded $1.4 billion and another $206 million was returned to the
U.S. Treasury through cost recovery actions. PRP contributions at Superfund
remedial sites have increased significantly over the last several years, allowing
Federal cleanup contributions to diminish.
The Agency implemented the accelerated cleanup model and succeeded in
achieving expedited private response at many Superfund sites. The program used
administrative and civil judicial enforcement tools to obtain PRP response
actions, and to manage and successfully finalize PRP response and enforcement
actions that were in progress. The enforcement program also monitored PRP
conduct of response actions, and issued orders and/or stipulated penalties when
PRPs were not in compliance with settlement agreements.
The legal enforcement program pursued early de minimis settlements and
focused on PRP compliance with settlement agreements. The program supported cost
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recovery by thorough cost documentation, removal and remedial case development
(i.e. , civil, judicial and administrative referrals), and case resolution through
negotiated consent decrees and administrative orders.
The Agency issued administrative orders and pursued litigation for
injunctive relief where settlements were not achieved. The program also pursued
non-settling PRPs, and followed up with aggressive cost recovery actions when the
Trust Fund was used for removal and remedial response actions. The Agency sought
the recovery of government costs plus treble damages when PRPs did not comply
with unilateral orders.
Hazardous Substance Criminal Enforcement Program
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,386,900 supported by 28.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents a reduction of $30,800 and 0.1 workyear
reflecting Agency-wide redirections to support the Administration's efforts to
streamline the Federal workforce. The majority of the Hazardous Substance
Criminal Enforcement program resources are for field activities, with a small
component at Headquarters.
The program will continue to take enforcement actions against those
individuals and facilities that violate the criminal provisions of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) as
amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA). The program
will pursue investigative leads of CERCLA/SARA violations, develop information
to support grand jury inquiries and decisions, refer leads and cases to other
enforcement agencies or pursue joint investigations as warranted. The U.S.
Treasury's Federal Law Enforcement Training Center will provide training on the
investigation and prosecution of CERCLA/SARA criminal cases to Federal, state,
local and tribal law enforcement officials.
The Hazardous Substance Criminal Enforcement program will continue to focus
attention on Federal facilities enforcement. To date, there have been 43 cases
involving Federal facilities, or contractors at Federal facilities, of which
three cases have primary Superfund violations and -an additional four non-
Superfund cases have secondary Superfund aspects. Four cases are currently
being investigated or awaiting trial. In 1996, the Agency will build upon
precedent-setting criminal investigations such as Rocky Flats and Redstone
Arsenal which have heightened interest by the Departments of Defense and Energy
and other Federal agencies in meeting environmental standards.
The criminal enforcement program will target the most significant and
egregious violators. Highest priority will be given to investigations having the
greatest potential for preventing environmental harm and protecting public
health, e.g., the Chesapeake Bay initiative. The program will continue to work
in close cooperation with state environmental crimes units, other Federal law
enforcement agencies, and the military investigative services, effectively
multiplying the visibility and deterrence of criminal enforcement in the
environmental protection arena.
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Explanation of Change -0.1 FTE -$30.8K
A reduction of 0.1 workyear and $30,800 reflects Agency-wide redirections
to support the Administration's efforts to streamline the Federal workforce.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,417,700 supported by 28.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Hazardous Substance
appropriation.
The criminal enforcement program is acting to forcefully deter criminal
violations of environmental laws and regulations by demonstrating to the
regulated community that knowing statutory violations are being met with harsh
sanctions in terms of both fines and jail sentences. The program is initiating
and conducting criminal investigations under CERCLA/SARA and is taking the lead
in prosecuting Superfund criminal cases of national significance with precedent-
setting potential. The program is also promoting investigative aspects of
CERCLA/SARA criminal case development by establishing and implementing training
programs for Federal, state, local and tribal law enforcement personnel.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $2,783,.500 supported by 25.5 total
workyears for this program from the Hazardous Substances Superfund appropriation.
In 1994, the Criminal Enforcement program attributed 17% of its total case
work to CERCLA-related cases. This program took the lead in prosecuting criminal
cases of national significance, or with precedent setting potential. Special
agents and prosecuting attorneys often combined CERCLA investigations with RCRA
investigations. The program also provided several training courses for Agency
and state personnel in CERCLA criminal case investigations.
Hazardous Substance Technical Support
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,327,700 and 44.1 workyears for this
program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
This represents an increase of $723,500 and a reduction of 1.6 workyears, all
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. All of the resources for
this program are in the field.
The Hazardous Substance Technical Support program (at the EPA National
Enforcement Investigation Center [NEIC], Lakewood, Colorado) will provide
specialized field, technical, laboratory, and litigation support, financial
analysis, and information services for CERCLA criminal and civil enforcement
actions, case preparation, and settlement negotiations. This support includes:
on-site investigations to collect evidence of facility/source operations and/or
conditions; analytical and technical support to determine violations; evidence
and document audit procedures that conform to confidentiality and chain-of
custody requirements; case development; and factual and expert testimony.
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Additional support will include extensive technical assistance to EPA and
States on: laboratory analytical procedures; preparation and handling of highly
hazardous samples; disposal of hazardous laboratory waste; sample shipping
procedures; training of personnel regarding site inspections and safety
procedures; in-depth studies of chemical hazards to laboratory and field
personnel engaged in hazardous waste investigations. Also, NEIC will provide:
financial assessments of the Potentially Responsible Party's (PRP) ability to pay
clean-up costs; characterization of hazardous waste; compliance evaluation at
major Federal facilities; and increased access to contractor services for
evidence audit litigation support.
Explanation of Change -1.6 FTE +$723.5K
An increase of $723,500 will enable the NEIC to replace aging field
equipment and laboratory instruments, and to provide greater access to services
for litigation support. The Agency will redirect 1.6 workyears from PRP
Evaluations, Environmental Assessments, and Evidence Handling and Audits support
at the NEIC and invest in those cases that are already in the clean-up stage as
proposed in the Superfund Reform Act.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency requests a total of $8,604,200 and 45.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.
In 1995, the program is continuing to provide critical technical support
to Superfund criminal and civil cases. The program supports its customers on
high priority cases and lends national expertise in areas such as information
systems, engineering and analytical chemistry. The program conducts
investigations at Federal facilities, including evaluation of past on-site
hazardous waste management and disposal practices. This information is used to
determine site clean-up priorities and develop evaluation procedures and remedial
programs applicable at other facilities. To build upon its basic mission and
invest in current agency priorities, NEIC is expanding its role in criminal
investigations by providing direct technical support with staff stationed in
Regional offices. The Administrator is providing the NEIC with three contractor
conversion positions that will provide computer support to the Cost Recovery
program and programming support to its enforcement mission.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the NEIC obligated a total of $8,156,100 thousand and 43.1 total
workyears by providing technical support to CERCLA enforcement activities with
emphasis on specialized technical (engineering and analytical chemistry) support
for over 136 high priority enforcement cases. In addition, the NEIC contributed
national expertise and specialized services, not available at headquarters or the
regions, for specific areas that included: a) analytical and field
investigations support for Section 103 criminal referrals; b) case preparation
for Section 106 and 107 judicial actions; c) environmental assessments' of
CERCLA related issues at Federal facilities and Government-owned, Contractor
operated facilities (GOCOs); d) evaluations of PRP information; and, e) PRP
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identifications. In 1994, the NEIC enhanced support to the criminal enforcement
program by supporting more than 43 criminal investigations. The Center also
supported the Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model (SACM), and six separate
efforts on federal facilities and base closures programs.
The NEIC also provided technical consultation and assistance for
determining Potentially Responsible Party (PRP) liability. This included new
capabilities for forensic "waste fingerprinting" to help determine liability.
The NEIC also conducted field investigations; information retrieval and
evaluations; laboratory analyses; fact and expert technical testimony; extensive
background information and data analysis; report preparation; supplemental
technical information development; support of settlement negotiations concerning
the technical aspects of consent decrees; financial analysis on ability to pay
issues; and, cost recovery efforts.
Hazardous Substance Federal Facilities Enforcement
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,250,700 supported by 100.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents a decrease of $19,640,300 and 120.5
total workyears from 1995, primarily due to a shift of Regional resource involved
in technical oversight and on-site assistance; clean parcel determination and
community involvement to the Hazardous Spill and Site Response program (see
Explanation of Change). The resources included in this program are primarily for
the Regions with a small Headquarters component.
These resources will support EPA compliance monitoring, enforcement and
technical enforcement support at Federal facilities on the Superfund National-
Priorities List (NPL). The Federal facilities NPL universe consists primarily
of Department of Energy (DOE), Department of Defense (DOD), and Department of
Interior (DOI) facilities. There are currently 156 proposed and final Superfund
Federal facilities on the Superfund NPL. The Agency will have oversight
responsibilities at these NPL sites plus additional facilities that will be added
during 1995 and 1996.
During 1996, EPA will list up to 30 additional Federal Facilities sites on
the NPL. Regions, with Headquarters assistance, negotiate Interagency
Agreements/Federal Facility Agreements at these sites, as mandated under CERCLA
§120. In large and/or complex cases, Headquarters may assume the lead on the
negotiation. In addition, the Superfund Federal Facilities Enforcement program
anticipates that a number of lAGs/FFAs will require re-negotiation, especially
at DOE facilities. Headquarters will continue to provide support to the Regions
in developing their operating plans for compliance monitoring of existing §120
lAGs/FFAs. EPA staff are often consulted by DOE, DOD and other Federal agencies
on evolving issues, as lAGs may be amended due to funding shortfalls, state
actions or other disputes.
With the recent reorganization of the Agency's enforcement program,
responsibilities for Superfund activities at Federal facilities are now shared
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between the Federal Facilities Enforcement program and the Hazardous Spill and
Site Response program.
The major Headquarters Superfund Federal Facilities enforcement functions
are: enforcement policy and guidance development; support for IAG negotiation,
compliance monitoring and enforcement; enforcement program and information
management; technical assistance; and capacity building.
The Federal facilities program managed by the program is responsible for
IAG negotiation, compliance monitoring and enforcement at NPL, sites and
enforcement program and information management, including maintenance of the
Federal Facility Hazardous Waste Docket. Legal support from the Hazardous
Substance Legal Enforcement program is also required for Federal facilities
enforcement activities, primarily during IAG negotiations and dispute resolution
relating to IAG compliance. Legal Enforcement resources that support the Federal
Facilities program are addressed under the Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement
program within the Agency's Superfund submission.
Contract resources support data management and reporting in the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Information
System (CERCLIS), which serves as the Agency's primary Superfund site information
management system. Contract funds will provide for the Hazardous Waste
Compliance Docket and Federal Facilities Tracking System (FFTS).
The Federal Facilities Enforcement program also responds to requests for
information under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) , as well as requests from
the Congress, state and local entities and other Federal agencies.
Explanation of Change -120.5 FTE -$19,640.3K
The net decrease of $19,640,300 and 120.5 workyears primarily represents
a shift of the technical remedial oversight function from the Hazardous Substance
Federal Facilities Enforcement program to the Hazardous Spills and Site Response
program as part of the continuing resolution of the enforcement reorganization.
Headquarters reductions reflect redirections to other Superfund priorities
established during the Agency's Superfund Base Review. A disinvestment of 0.4
FTE will reduce policy/guidance and support activities at Headquarters. An
increase of $200,700 in Headquarters reflects increased workforce costs
(estimated COLA and locality pay costs) ; and 2) an increase in contract resources
for Headquarters analytic and data support.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $27,891,000 and 221.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. Superfund Federal facility enforcement resources are
supporting ongoing EPA technical oversight assistance, and compliance monitoring
and enforcement at primarily DOE, DOD, and DOI Superfund NPL sites under CERCLA
§120 lAGs/FFAs. The Agency has oversight responsibilities at 156 proposed and
final NPL sites plus additional facilities that will be added during the year.
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In 1995, EPA is listing as many as 30 new sites on the NPL. With
Headquarters assistance, Regions negotiate lAGs/FFAs at these sites. In some
cases Headquarters may assume the lead on the negotiation. In addition, the
Agency's Superfund Federal Facilities Enforcement program anticipates that a
number of lAGs/FFAs will require re-negotiation, especially at DOE facilities.
Headquarters is providing support to the Regions in developing their operating
plans for compliance monitoring of existing §120 lAGs/FFAs. EPA is serving as
consultants to DOE, DOD and other Federal agencies on evolving issues as lAGs may
be amended due to funding shortfalls, State actions, or other disputes.
The Community Environmental Response and Facilitation Act (CERFA) of 1992
requires that DoD identify "uncontaminated parcels", with concurrence by EPA, for
Base Closure and Realignment Act (BRAG) bases on the NPL. CERFA allows transfer
by deed at the point when the successful operation of an approved remedy has been
demonstrated to EPA. This demonstration is not limited to closing and realigning
bases, nor to facilities on the NPL, but to all transfers of real property by
deed. This greatly expands EPA's role beyond the NPL arena into the non-NPL
arena.
Contract resources also support the Federal Facility Tracking System
(FFTS), Hazardous Waste Compliance Docket and CERCLIS data management.
Contract resources also support development and delivery of Superfund
Federal facility training programs. In 1995, the program is educating Federal
inspection teams on Federal facility cleanup issues and site; safety, including
the development of training videotapes and logistical support for
EPA/DOD/DOE/state Federal Facility workshops.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $26,425,900 and utilized 191.3 total
workyears for this program in 1994.
During 1994, 13 federal facilities were added to the NPL as final or
proposed sites. An additional 5 federal facility CERCLA interagency agreements
(lAGs) were executed, for a total 115 lAGs. Out of 156 proposed and final
federal facility NPL sites, cleanup for 129 sites are now addressed by
enforceable agreements. In 1994, the Regions assessed CERCLA stipulated
penalties totalling $1,270,000 and proposed supplemental environmental projects
(SEPs) totalling $2,150,000 based on existing lAGs. Headquarters continued to
provide guidance and assistance to the Regions and other federal agencies on
enforcement issues at federal facilities. In addition, the Agency signed 60
records of decision (RODs) that provide remedies for cleanups at federal
facilities.
Federal facility NPL sites continued to move through the remedial pipeline.
The Regions accomplished 48 remedial design (RD) starts, 52 RD completions, 39
remedial action (RA) starts and 17 RA completions. The program continues to
manage an ongoing workload of 493 remedial investigation/feasibility studies
(RI/FS), 113 RDs and 78 RAs.
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In cooperation with the Department of Energy (DOE) and Department of
Defense (DOD), EPA issued guidance on accelerating Superfund cleanups at federal
facilities. Based on the Superfund accelerated cleanup model (SACM), the
guidance addresses methods such as presumptive remedies and increased use or
removal authorities, while still considering the importance of innovative
technology and community participation.
Hazardous Substance Site Remediation Enforcement
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $20,574,300 and 110.5 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,337,200 for the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation and a decrease of 6.2 total workyears. The
increase in the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation reflects increased
workforce costs in 1996. The decrease in workyears reflects a streamlining of
Headquarters case and program oversight resources. All of the resources in this
program are for Headquarters. Regional resources which receive direction from
this program are Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement, and Hazardous
Substance Legal Enforcement.
In 1996, the Hazardous Substance Site Remediation enforcement program will
support the Agency environmental principles and goals, in particular the
principle of environmental accountability and the goal of Cleanup of Contaminated
Sites. In 1996, the program priorities are: 1) ensure effective enforcement by
fairly and aggressively addressing Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs),
assuring that liable parties pay (through maximizing PRP participation, meeting
Statute of Limitations (SOLs) for cost recovery greater than $200,000, and by
initiating cost recovery for non-settlor and large dollar cases) ; 2) enhance
enforcement fairness through increased emphasis on such activities as de minimis
settlements, evaluate claims of limited ability to pay, and negotiate prospective
purchaser agreements; 3) ensure environmental justice in program implementation;
and 4) promote environmental restoration by compelling site cleanups, supporting
innovative technology, and by timely and protective cleanups at the worst sites
first.
In 1996, Headquarters will be issuing policies, guidances and strategies
for implementation of the administrative reforms piloted in 1995. Headquarters
expects to make specific policy and guidance revisions in the following areas:
guidance to develop more complete PRP searches earlier in the process, clear
procedures and training for PRP ability to pay determinations, revised policies
and guidance to achieve expedited settlements, ADR (Alternative Dispute
Resolution) guidance, methods for increasing public participation, and the
necessary guidance, policy and/or model documents to facilitate economic
redevelopment. Additionally, we will be using the measurement and planning tools
to build on the administrative reforms to improve overall data quality and access
through the CERCLIS III data system.
In 1996, the Superfund enforcement program will continue to ensure
consistency and quality in implementing the national enforcement program by
directing and supporting the Agency's efforts in the following areas: 1)
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providing policy and guidance for case development, site planning, administrative
enforcement actions, settlements, cost recovery enforcement actions, and
Federal/State relations; 2) developing program planning and management tools,
data management and enhancing tracking systems to assist enforcement activities;
3) conducting analysis of implementation efforts to evaluate and improve
performance; 4) providing technology and information transfer through training,
contract support, and information exchange mechanisms; and 5) litigation
management and support for major, multi-million dollar national litigation; 6)
participation in selected multi-Regional cases; and, 7) broad review of Regional
litigation in coordination with the Department of Justice.
The Superfund enforcement program will continue to promote enforcement
first in the Regions by supporting their efforts to identify and compel PRPs to
take cleanup actions at sites and to recover cleanup and oversight costs expended
by the Trust Fund.
Headquarters will provide the needed policy, guidance and management
direction to assist the Regions in initiating work on Superfund reform efforts.
Of the $33 million provided for the Superfund reform efforts, Headquarters will
be provided $1,000,000 from the Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement program
for analytic/communications support to the Regions.
Explanation of Change -6.2 FTE +$2,337.2K
The increase of $2,337,200 will fund increased workforce costs in 1996.
The decrease of 6.2 total workyears reflects Headquarters streamlining of
regional case and program oversight.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $18,237,100 and 116.7 workyears for
this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.
In 1995, Headquarters is providing guidance and direction to support
Regional implementation of the Superfund administrative reforms. Specifically,
EPA will initiate pilot projects or undertake policy and guidance modifications
to: facilitate early PRP Searches, foster Expedited Settlements, test an
allocation process, increase the effective use of Alternative Dispute Resolution
(ADR), facilitate economic redevelopment and increase public participation.
Headquarters is continuing to provide program direction and guidance in the
ongoing aspects of the program including guidance, planning, measurement of
program performance, litigation management support for major, multi-million
dollar national litigation and coordination with the Department of Justice (DOJ)
in review of Regional litigation issues.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $5,320,600 supported by 40.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. As a result of the Agency-wide enforcement
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reorganization in late 1994, the amount shown reflects only partial resources for
this program in 1994.
In 1994, the Superfund enforcement program has demonstrated its success by
reaching a level of PRP commitment to cleanup at more than 70% of Superfund
remedial sites. In 1994, new Superfund private party cleanups commitments
exceeded $1.4 billion and another $204 million was returned to the U.S. treasury
through cost recovery actions. PRP contributions at Superfund remedial sites
have increased significantly over the last several years allowing Federal cleanup
contributions to diminish. Finally, monies returned to the Fund through cost
recovery efforts will enable the program to address "true" orphan sites.
In 1994, in anticipation of the Superfund reauthorization, Headquarters
developed various proposals and responded to Administration and Congressional
inquiries on possible administrative and liability reforms.
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13-70
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SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT REQUEST
ESTIMATE 1996
1995
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance -
Financial Management -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance
Contracts and Grants
Mgmt - Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance -
Contracts and Grants
Mgmt - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance-
Office of the
Comptroller
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance -
Support Services
Nat i onwi de\Headquarters
Office of Inspector
General
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL
$8,133.8
$8,133.8
$6,646.9
$6,646.9
$2,666.1
$2,666.1
$5,392.5
$5,392.5
$7,973.1
$7,973.1
$5,218.3
$5,218.3
$910.2
$910.2
$1,498.2
$40,206.8
$41,705.0
$7,598.8
$7,598.8
$7,613.9
$7,613.9
$3,093.9
$3,093.9
$3,493.6
$3,493.6
$9,343.5
$9,343.5
$5,575.9
$5,575.9
$1,025.1
$1,025.1
$46,438.7
$46,438.7
$6,719.5
$6,719.5
$9,114.6
$9,114.6
$3,030.9
$3,030.9
$5,128.3
$5,128.3
$9,119.0
$9,119.0
$5,941.1
$5,941.1
$1,092.8
$1,092.8
$36,762.9
$36,762.9
$6,719.5 $6,943.5
$6,719.5 $6,943.5
$9,114.6 $11,836.8
$9,114.6 $11,836.8
$3,030.9 $7,568.4
$3,030.9 $7,568.4
$5,128.3 $4,726.6
$5,128.3 $4,726.6
$9,119.0 $10,755.2
$9,119.0 $10,755.2
$5,941.1 $8,523.5
$5,941.1 $8,523.5
$1,092.8 $1,179.4
$1,092.8 $1,179.4
$36,762.9 $45,762.4
$36,762.9 $45,762.4
$224.0
$224.0
$2,722.2
$2,722.2
$4,537.5
$4,537.5
-$401.7
-$401.7
$1,636.2
$1,636.2
$2,582.4
$2,582.4
$86.6
$86.6
$8,999.5
$8,999.5
-$655.3
-$655.3
$4,222.9
$4,222.9
$4,474.5
$4,474.5
$1,233.0
$1,233.0
$1,411.7
$1,411.7
$2,947.6
$2,947.6
$154.3
$154.3
-$676.3
-$676.3
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SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED CURRENT
1995 ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST INCREASE
1996 DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Support Services -
Regions
Hazardous Substance $21,613.0
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL $21,613.0
Hazardous Substance
Automated Data
Processing Support
Services
Hazardous Substance $7,555.1
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL $7,555.1
Hazardous Substance -
Support Services - OIG
Office Of Inspector
Inspector General -
Trust Fund
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance $1,117.9
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL $1,117.9
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Regions
Hazardous Substance $1,152.6
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL $1,152.6
Hazardous Substance -
Mission & Policy - OIG
Inspector General
Inspector General -
Trust Fund
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance-
Office of the Inspector
General
Office of Inspector $13,317.0
General
Inspector General -
Trust Fund
TOTAL $13,317.0
Hazardous Substance-
Office of Policy,
Planning And Evaluation
Hazardous Substance $2,811.7
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL $2,811.7
$20,716.3
$20,716.3
$7,473.6
$7,473.6
$1,490.0
$1,490.0
$1,251.4
$1,251.4
$1,788.6
$1,788.6
$314.7
$314.7
$13,564.6
$13,564.6
$3,118.4
$3,118.4
$17,762.9 $17,762.9
$17,762.9 $17,762.9
$7,645.0 $7,645.0
$7,645.0 $7,645.0
$1,479.7 $1,479.7
$1,479.7 $1,479.7
$1,198.5 $1,198.5
$1,198.5 $1,198.5
$1,610.2 $1,610.2
$1,610.2 $1,610.2
$314.7 $314.7
$314.7 $314.7
$13,589.6 $13,589.6
$13,589.6 $13,589.6
$2,621.5 $2,621.5
$2,621.5 $2,621.5
$19,654.8 $1,891.9
$19,654.8 $1,891.9
$3,410.9 -$4,234.1
$3,410.9 -$4,234.1
$1,484.2 $4.5
$1,484.2 $4.5
$1,357.1 $158.6
$1,357.1 $158.6
$1,836.3 $226.1
$1,836.3 $226.1
$536.9 $222.2
$536.9 $222.2
$12,057.3 -$1,532.3
$12,057.3 -$1,532.3
$3,352.2 $730.7
$3,352.2 $730.7
-$1,061.5
-$1,061.5
-$4,062.7
-$4,062.7
-$5.8
-$5.8
$105.7
$105.7
$47.7
$47.7
$222.2
$222.2
-$1,507.3
-$1,507.3
$233.8
$233.8
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SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST INCREASE
1996 DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance-
Office of the
Administrator
Hazardous Substance $1,193.3
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL $1,193.3
Analytical
Environmental Services
Superfund
Hazardous Substance $1,654.0
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL $1,654.0
Hazardous Substance -
Research and Development
Management and Support
Hazardous Substance $1,105.3
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL $1,105.3
$1,289.4
$1,289.4
$1,748.3
$1,748.3
$1,553.0
$1,553.0
$1,193.5
$1,193.5
$2,015.6
$2,015.6
$1,142.9
$1,142.9
$1,284.5
$1,284.5
$2,015.6
$2,015.6
$1,142.9
$1,142.9
$1,442.5 $158.0
$1,442.5 $158.0
$1,740.5 -$275.1
$1,740.5 -$275.1
$1,560.6 $417.7
$1,560.6 $417.7
$153.1
$153.1
-$7.8
-$7.8
$7.6
$7.6
TOTAL:
Office of Inspector $14,815.2
General
Hazardous Substance $115,350.6 $123,122.4 $112,099.2 $112,190.2 $131,650.7 $19,460.5 $8,528.3
Response Trust Fund
Inspector General - $15,369.3 $15,384.0 $15,384.0 $14,078.4 -$1,305.6 -$1,290.9
Trust Fund
Management and Support TOTAL $130,165.8 $138,491.7 $127,483.2 $127,574.2 $145,729.1 $18,154.9 $7,237.4
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance -
Financial Management -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Contracts and Grants
Mgmt - Headquarters
Hazardous Substance -
Contracts and Grants
Mgmt - Regions
69.2
91.5
34.6
86.8
108.3
83.1
68.0
96.1
32.5
60.9
117.0
90.4
74.7
156.1
33.5
63.7
117.0
91.4
73.9
154.9
33.2
62.8
115.7
90.4
71.2
162.2
30.9
48.2
116.8
104.5
-2.7
7.3
-2.3
-14.6
1.1
14.1
3.2
66.1
-1.6
-12.7
-2
14.1
13-73
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Hazardous Substance-
Office of the
Comptroller
Hazardous Substance
Support Services -
Nationwide\Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Support Services -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Automated Data
Processing Support
Services
Hazardous Substance -
Support Services - 01G
Office Of Inspector
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Regions
Hazardous Substance -
Mission & Policy - DIG
Inspector General
Hazardous Substance-
Office of the Inspector
General
Hazardous Substance-
Office of Policy,
Planning And Evaluation
Hazardous Substance-
Office of the
Administrator
Analytical
Environmental Services
Superfund
Hazardous Substance -
Research and Development
Management and Support
SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
11.9
11.4
1.7
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
13.0 13.3 13.2
10.7 11.6
4.0
12.0
10.5 11.3
1.7
13.2
11.6 11.5
10.5
16.0 25.0 25.0 24.8 25.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
17.0
11.3
16.9
12.2
16.0
12.3
1.7
1.7
1.7
-1.0
-1.0
-9
-1.1
-1.0
149.6 139.5 139.5 138.0 112.5 -25.5 -27.0
4.0
1.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
685.3 683.0 759.8 753.2 728.0 -25.2 45.0
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SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance -
Financial Management -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Contracts and Grants
Mgmt - Headquarters
Hazardous Substance -
Contracts and Grants
Mgmt - Regions
Hazardous Substance-
Office of the
Comptroller
Hazardous Substance
Support Services -
Nationwide\Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Support Services -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Automated Data
Processing Support
Services
'Hazardous Substance -
Support Services - DIG
Office Of Inspector
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Regions
Hazardous Substance -
Mission & Policy - DIG
Inspector General
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
71.4 68.0 77.9 77.1 74.2
94.4 96.1 160.1 158.9 166.0
35.0 32.5 33.5 33.2
12.0 13.0
11.1
4.0
30.9
110.1 117.0 117.0 115.7 116.8
84.3 90.4 92.4 91.4 105.4
13.3 13.2
11.6 11.6 11.5
4.0
4.0
13.2
10.5
17.6 25.0 25.0 24.8 25.0
3.0
-2.9
7.1
1.1
6.2
69.9
-2.3 -1.6
90.0 60.9 65.5 64.6 49.9 -14.7 -11.0
-2
14.0 15.0
-1.0 -1.1
-1.0 -1.0
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Hazardous Substance-
Office of Policy,
Planning And Evaluation
Hazardous Substance-
Office of the
Administrator
Analytical
Environmental Services
Superfund
Hazardous Substance -
Research and Development
Management and Support
SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT
1994 BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE
1995 1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
12.2 12.0
10.8 11.3
1.7
1.7
17.1
11.4
1.7
17.0
12.3
1.7
16.1
12.4
1.7
-9
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance- 150.4 139.5 • 139.5 138.0 112.5 -25.5 -27.0
Office of the Inspector
General
4.1
1.1
TOTAL UORKYEARS
701.0 683.0 770.0 763.4 737.6 -25.8
54.6
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SUPERFUND
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $145,729,100 and 737.6 total workyears in
1996, an increase of $18,154,900 and a decrease of 25.8 total workyears from
1995.
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,943,500 supported by 74.2 total workyears
for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
Appropriation. This represents an increase of $224,000 and a decrease of 2.9
total workyears in the Hazardous Substance Superfund from 1995. The major focus
of this program will be to support the cost accounting, financial requirements,
and cost recovery needs of the Agency, focusing on the needs of the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, the Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Assurance, and Regional Program Offices. Key activities of this program include:
preparing cost documentation packages supporting Superfund site costs; enhancing
automated cost recovery systems for improved efficiency; computing the Agency's
indirect cost rates; incorporating contractor program management costs into the
cost recovery process; developing Superfund policies and procedures; providing
expert witness testimony and cost recovery support to the Department of Justice;
and reconciling Trust Fund receipts with the Department of Treasury. New
activities required of this program are the result of the Chief Financial
Officers (CFO) Act, the National Performance Review, and the Government
Performance and Results Act as well as the anticipated reauthorization of
Superfund. The implementation of these acts will require the Agency to acquire
additional cost accounting capabilities, design and implement needed system
changes, develop new policies and procedures, and further train Agency personnel.
In addition this program provides for the Superfund portion of core
financial services: payroll and travel support; contractor, interagency, and
cooperative agreements, invoice, and voucher processing; development and
preparation of the CFO's audited financial statements and five-year plan;
financial systems development and operations; and quality assurance.
Explanation of Change -2.9 FTE +$224.OK
The increase provides additional support to develop critical financial
documentation in litigation and negotiations with responsible parties as well as
support to strengthen CFO implementation and greater accountability. The
additional dollars also provide support to workyear related costs. The workyear
decrease reflects a redirection to support Superfund cleanup and reform
priorities resulting from the Agency's Superfund Base Review study. Areas
affected include contractor voucher processing and FMFIA quality assurance
reviews.
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1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,719,500 and 77.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Appropriation. These resources provide for the cost accounting, financial
requirements, and cost recovery needs of the Agency. They support the operation,
maintenance, and enhancement of Agency cost recovery systems necessary to keep
pace with the increased demand for Superfund cost documentation and cost recovery
litigation. They also provide for the allocation of the Agency's Superfund
indirect costs into the cost recovery process, including contract program
management costs, which had previously been excluded. Funding will also provide
support for the Superfund reauthorization efforts and its anticipated impact on
Superfund financial management practices. In addition, the work required to
complete the Agency's proposed cost recovery regulation is expected to consume
Superfund resources. Another key initiative of the FY 1995 program will be to
update and streamline many of the Agency's Superfund financial management
policies an procedures. Finally, a significant amount of resources provide will
support continuing core financial services - - payroll and travel voucher
processing, commercial payment invoice processing, development and preparation
of. the CFO's audited financial statements and five-year plan, and financial
systems operation and development.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $8,133,800 supported by 71.4
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation. The resources were used to provide continued support
to the Agency's Enforcement program for cost recovery actions. Specific
activities during 1994 included litigation support, accounting for program
management costs, further enhancement to automated systems providing financial
data and documentation, development and piloting of an automated timesheet to
record staff time on a site-specific basis, and issuance of new policies and
procedures including a comprehensive manual for preparation of cost recovery
cases. Additionally, in 1994, the Agency began migration of SCRIPS to a new
computing platform to reflect technological advances which allow for a
microcomputer-based operation.
Resources were also used to fund general core financial management services
including payroll, vendor payment, and systems operations and development to
support the Superfund program.
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,836,800 and 166.0 total workyears for
this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
Appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,722,000 and 7.1 total workyears
in the Hazardous Substance Superfund from 1995. This program provides for the
implementation of Superfund accounting requirements, financial needs, and cost
recovery enforcement and litigation accounting support in the Regions. This
program will continue to develop, reconcile, and prepare Superfund cost documents
13-78
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for the cost recovery program. In partnership with the Headquarters, the Regions
will continue to develop and enhance the Agency cost recovery systems and
financial management systems. With increased effectiveness in the cost recovery
program, the Regions will continue to increase and improve their oversight
billings, tracking and ensuring collection of Superfund receivables, and
implementation of improved cost accounting. The Regional core financial services
will continue with payroll and voucher processing, funds control, and reporting
for management and program purposes.
Explanation of Change +7.1 FTE +$2,722.OK
The increase provides for full year funding of the contractor conversion
FTE that were only funded for part of 1995 and increased workforce costs.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,114,600 supported by 158.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation. These resources support the Agency's cost recovery
process through its development, reconciliation, and production of cost recovery
packages. In the cost recovery area, work formerly performed by contractors
will now be performed by Federal employees as part of the Agency's contractor
conversion initiative. In addition, more frequent oversight billing will be
implemented.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $6,646,900 supported by 94.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation. With these resources, the Regional financial management
offices provided site-specific accounting support and gathered Regional cost
documentation as requested by Regional counsel when cases entered the negotiation
of litigation phases. Also provided are basic financial services for the
Regional Superfund program, such as payroll and invoice processing and reporting.
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,568,400 supported by 30.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Response
Superfund Appropriation. This represents an increase of $4,537,500 and a
decrease of 2.3 total workyears in Hazardous Substance Superfund from 1995. The
Safety Health and Environmental Management Division will continue its current
programs of supporting place-based environmental management.
Funds will be used for technology-based tools to better manage chemicals
and hazardous waste at EPA's laboratories. The Facilities Management and
Services Division will continue to furnish administrative support services such
as photocopying, physical and document security, and engineering and technical
assistance at Headquarters, laboratory and field offices. The Office of Human
Resources and Organizational Services will be able to provide management and
13-79
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organization services for already identified and planned initiatives and clients.
The office will also provide recruitment, staffing, classification and training
services. Approximately twenty percent of the use of Automated Data Processing
resources as well as the personnel to manage the ADP resources and the program
management of the Superfund Cost Recovery Implementation Planning Systems
programs are funded through this Program Element.
Explanation of Change -2.3 FTE +$4,537,500
The increase in dollars reflects a significant commitment to the operations
and management of the Agency's Superfund information systems. Major investments
focus on CERCLIS development, ICMS, SCRIPTS/SCORES. The workyear decrease
reflects a redirection to support Superfund cleanup and reform priorities
resulting from the Agency's Superfund Base Review study.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,030,900 supported by 33.2
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Response Superfund Appropriation. We continue to effectively manage automated
systems, provide recruitment, staffing, classification, and training activities,
provide- sufficient facilities management to support the overall Superfund
program, and provide management and organizational analyses to strengthen the
Superfund management processes. Funds are being used to support place-based
environmental management and for technology-based tools to better manage
chemicals and hazardous waste at EPA's laboratories.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $2,666,100 supported by 35.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Response Superfund appropriation. These resources enabled the program to provide
centralized administrative, management, and support services to Superfund
activities. We provided human resource services including recruitment, staffing,
classification and training support, management and organizational analyses to
strengthen Superfund management processes, and program support services including
property and space management, printing and security. These resources are used
to provide technical support, guidance, training and oversight to ensure that
Superfund waste from EPA labs is properly managed and that employees are
protected from occupational risks. Funds were used to support radiation safety
and health protection, underwater diving, and pollution prevention activities.
Technical equipment for the regional/ESD laboratories was purchased to support
their efforts in recycling hazardous chemical waste.
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,726,600 supported by 49.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
Appropriation. This represents an decrease of $401,700 and 14.7 total workyears
from 1995 in Hazardous Substance Superfund. Regional administrative management
13-80
-------
activities will include: information processing and management; records
management; general office services; property and procurement management; and
health and safety activities such as training, safety plan reviews, medical
monitoring coordination; fire safety reviews; and oversight of laboratory waste
management. This program also provides all personnel services for the Superfund
Program.
Explanation of Change -14.7 FTE -$401.7K
The workyear and dollar decrease reflects a disinvestment in Regional
information activities resulting in a maturing in the development and
implementation of administrative data systems.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,128,300 supported by 64.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation. These resources provide Regional Superfund
administrative support services for continuing recruitment of personnel to work
in the area of hazardous waste, assuring a reliable health and safety and
environmental compliance program and providing adequate ADP technical assistance
to the Superfund program.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $5,392,500 supported by 90.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation. These resources provided a full complement of
administrative management services to the Regional Superfund program, including
contracting and procurement, personnel, health and safety, and information
management activities.
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants Management - Headquarters
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,755,200 supported by 116.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,636,200 and an
increase of 1.1 total workyears in the Hazardous Substance Superfund from 1995.
Explanation of Change +1.1 FTE +$1,636.2K
The additional FTE and dollars will provide for expansion of Integrated
Contract Management System (ICMS) to the Regions, Labs, and Program Offices as
well as the increased capabilities of the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI).
Resources also provide for Headquarters training and technical evaluation support
to the Regions. Increases also cover workyear related costs.
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1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $9,119,000 supported by 115.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation. We continue to effectively award and manage increasing
numbers of contracts as well as assure quality control over contracts with high
obligation amounts and provide critical financial monitoring. In grants
management, we continue to award and manage Superfund cooperative agreements,
grants and Superfund Interagency Agreements, develop suspension and debarment
cases, and provide training to Regional grant management and program staff and
state recipients on all administrative requirements applicable to the Superfund
Program.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $7,973,100 supported by 110.1
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation. These resources provided for improvements in contract
planning, award, management, and automated processing of grants and interagency
agreements, and small purchases and the formulation of the long-term contracting
strategy. In addition, we continued our effort to combat fraud, waste and abuse
for Superfund Federal Assistance.
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants Management - Regions
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,523,500 supported by 105.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,582.400 and an-
increase of 14.0 total workyears in Hazardous Substance Superfund from 1995.
Superfund Regional Contracting Offices (RCOs) award and administer removal and
remedial contracts, responding to the Regional site clean-up needs. RCOs also
provide immediate contract assistance to Regional staff. The Regional Grants
Management Offices (GMO) award and manage all Superfund cooperative agreements
for pre-remedial, remedial, and enforcement activities. In addition, the GMOs
award and manage all technical assistance grants, core grants, and interagency
agreements. They are responsible for ensuring that each award complies with all
EPA administrative requirements and that the recipients comply with all
requirements in the award documents. The GMOs also perform state reviews to
assure procurement, property, and financial systems of recipients are in
compliance with EPA's Superfund regulation. The grants offices continue to
improve the Regional Automated Grant Document System to ensure the integrity of
assistance information in the Agency's database.
Explanation of Change +14.0 FTE +$2,582.4K
The increase in dollars and FTE will provide for the implementation of the
Agency's Contract Management Improvement Strategy and provide for increased
workforce costs. Resources will help in implementing streamlined procedures and
improve guidance to reduce procurement lead time. The program will focus on
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critical policy guidance, oversight, information management, and training to
ensure a high level of contracting integrity.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocated a total of $5,941,100 and 91.4 total
workyears from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. The Superfund
RCO program continues to provide the Regional Superfund Program offices with
essential contracting expertise needed to manage the existing contracts and place
new contracts for the emergency and remedial response programs. Documentation
and strong management and financial controls are critical for enforcement and
cost recovery efforts. The grants program awards, administers, and manages
complex Superfund cooperative and interagency agreements and grants for emergency
and remedial response activities. Special emphasis is placed on accountability
and ensuring that every Superfund assistance award complies with regulatory and
policy requirements and that recipients have the financial, procurement, and
property systems to account for and safeguard Federal funds.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $5,218,300 supported by 84.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation. These resources provided the Regional Superfund program
offices with procurement and contracts management support for the remedial and
removal programs and grants management to effectively award, administer and
manage Superfund cooperative and interagency agreements.
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,179,400 supported by 13.2 total workyears
for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
Appropriation. This represents an increase of $86,600 and no change in workyears
in the Hazardous Substance Superfund from 1995. Resources will allow the
Comptroller to perform mandatory activities associated with budget management
functions including: preparation of the Agency's and other Federal Agencies'
Superfund FY 1997 and FY 1998 budget submissions to OMB and Congress; review and
analysis of the major issues affecting the Agency's Superfund finances, resource
utilization, current and future resource requirements, workload, and pricing;
responding to Congressional inquiries; analysis of Superfund resource issues
related to the operation and management of the Trust Fund; and management
controls and audits of Superfund finances.
Explanation of Change +$86.6K
The increase will be used for increased workforce costs.
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1995 PROGRAM
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,092,800 and 13.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation. The Office of the Comptroller will use these resources
to: support formulation, justification, and execution of Agency Superfund
resources; ensure that budgetary resources are distributed according to Agency,
OMB, and Congressional mandates; provide analysis and policy guidance to the
Agency on a range of Superfund resource issues and fiscal concerns; support a
fiscal allocation, control, and review system; and maintain liaison with OMB and
Congress on Superfund issues.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $910,200 supported by 12.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation. With these resources, the Office of the Comptroller
prepared the 1995 Superfund Budget request; developed current and outyear
Superfund budget guidance to program and Regional offices; developed Superfund
allotments and allocations in accordance with approval of the Agency's Operating
Plan; analyzed major policy/resource issues facing the Agency; administered and
provided policy guidance to EPA managers on a range of fiscal concerns; supported
management controls and follow-up to audits of Superfund finances; continued
implementation of the Federal Managers Financial Integrity Act (FMFIA); and
maintain liaison with OMB and Congress.
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Nationwide/Headquarters
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $45,762,400 and no total workyears for this
program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
Appropriation. This represents an increase of $8,999,500 in the Hazardous
Substance Superfund from 1995. Funding is also provided for financial systems
such as 1FMS and ICMS. These resources will fund the Hazardous Substance
Response program's share of Headquarters' and Agency-wide costs. These costs
will include: rent paid to GSA and direct leases; utilities; security, health and
safety and environmental compliance audits; health and safety training and other
support services.
Explanation of Change +$8,999.5K
The increased dollars represent the Hazardous Substance Response program's
share of mandatory rent and direct lease increases and other costs related to
contract rate increases for support services (e.g., security, health and safety,
environmental compliance and utilities). This increase v?ill also restore
reductions in support services that were curtailed in 1995 because of funding
constraints. In addition, the increase was offset by funds transferred out of
this program in 1996 for the Working Capital Fund.
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1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $36,762,900 for this program,
all of which will he for the Hazardous Substance Superfund Appropriation. These
resources fund a portion of the Hazardous Substance Response program's share of
Headquarters and Agency-wide costs. These costs include: rent; Federal
Telecommunications System service; revisions and development of information
systems; utilities; local telephone services; printing and copying; postage;
security, health and safety and environmental compliance audits; health and
safety training, and other support services.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $41,705,000 for this program, of
which $40,206,800 is funded in the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation
and $1,498,200 is from the Inspector General appropriation. The Superfund
support program resources funded Agency-wide support costs such as rent and
direct lease costs, FTS, utilities, security, financial system costs, and other
related services. The Superfund-OIG support program resources funded support
costs such as facilities rental, utilities, security, and other related services.
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,654,800 and no workyears for this
program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
Appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,891,900 from 1995 in Hazardous
Substance Superfund. These resources will continue to support the operation of
the Hazardous Substance Response program for office services, building services,
utilities, local telephone service, printing and copying, equipment maintenance,
and information management.
Explanation of Change -f$l,891.9K
The increased dollars represent the Hazardous Substance Response program's
share of mandatory contract rate increases for services such as security,
housekeeping, information management, as well as Working .Capital Fund related
costs.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $17,762,900 for this program,
all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund Appropriation. This
program provides for utilities, local telephone service, printing and copying,
minicomputer operations, equipment maintenance, and all other support services
related to the Superfund program activities in the Regions.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $21,613,000 for this program, all
of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund Appropriation. This program
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provided for utilities, local telephone service, printing and copying,
minicomputer operations, equipment maintenance, and all other support services
related to the Superfund program activities in the Regions,
Hazardous Substance Automated Data Processing Support
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,410,900 for this program, all of which
will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund Appropriation. This represents a
decrease of $4,234,100 in the Hazardous Substance Superfund from 1995. These
resources will provide computing services to the Hazardous Substance Response
Program by the Agency's National Computer Center in Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina and the Data Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. These fund a portion of the
Center's costs for equipment, telecommunications, operating software purchases,
maintenance and facility operations.
Explanation of Change -$4,234.IK
The decrease represents the transfer of Working Capital Fund related
resources to the appropriate user office.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating $7,645,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund Appropriation. These resources
provide computing services to the Hazardous Substance Response Program by the
Agency's National Computer Center in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina and
the Data Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. These fund a portion of the Center's costs
for equipment, telecommunications, operating software purchases, maintenance and
facility operations.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $7,555,100 for this program, all
of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund Appropriation. This provided
basic computing and data telecommunications resources for the program.
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Office of the Inspector General
1996 Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,484,200 and no FTE for this program, all
of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund Appropriation in support
of the Inspector General. This represents an increase $4,500 and no total
workyears. Of the request, $1,484,200 is for Agency-wide costs. These resources
will fund the Office of the Inspector General Hazardous Substance Response
program's share of Headquarters' and Agency-wide costs. These costs will
include: rent paid to GSA and our direct leases; utilities; security, health and
safety and environmental compliance audits; health and safety training and other
support services.
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Explanation of Change +$4.5K
The increase will support additional rent costs paid to GSA.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,479,700 for this program,
all of which is for Hazardous Substance support services. Pursuant to the
Appropriation Act, funds for this program are transferred to the Inspector
General Appropriation and are carried under Hazardous Substance Support Services
during the operating year.
These resources fund the Office of the Inspector General Hazardous
Substance Response program's share of Headquarters and Agency-wide costs. These
costs include: rent; Federal Telecommunications System service; revisions and
development of information systems; utilities; local telephone services; printing
and copying; postage; security, health and safety and environmental compliance
audits; health and safety training, and other support services.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, resources for this program were included in the program element
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Nationwide/Headquarters.
Hazardous Substances Legal Services - Headquarters
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,357,100 and 10.5 total workyears for this
program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
Appropriation. This represents an increase of $158,600 and a decrease of 1.0
total workyears. The increase in funds reflects increased LEXIS contract funds
(+$178,000) offset by lower personnel costs due to the decrease in workyears.
This program element will provide support to the Agency's Superfund program
development and management at Headquarters through the provision of legal advice
and counsel to the rule making and policy making activities of the program. OGC
continues to defend the Agency in litigation regarding the Superfund program.
Priority activities will be the defense of the Agency in litigation, support to
the Agency's promulgation of rules, establishment of policy, and preparation of
guidance documents for the program's implementation of the Superfund program,
provision of support on administrative law issues and the provision of legal
advice to program managers.
The program will continue to provide resources in support of rule making
and policy making activities, legal advice and counsel on the statute, and on
procurement, cooperative agreement, and grant issues. Cooperative agreements,
claims, and contracts will continue at a high level and will require legal
support for audits, reimbursements, disputes, and bid protests.
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Explanation of Change -1.0 FTE $158.6K
This represents an increase of $158,600 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation and a decrease of 1.0 total workyear. The increase in
funds reflects increased LEXIS contract funds (+$178,000) offset by lower
personnel costs. The decreased workyear reflects a redirection to support
Superfund cleanup and reform priorities.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,198,500 supported by 11.5
total workyears for the OGC all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. Priority activities are to be the defense of the Agency
in litigation, support to the Agency's promulgation of rules, establishment of
policy, and preparation of guidance documents for the program's implementation
of the Superfund program, review of enforcement litigation, provision of support
on administrative law issues and the provision of legal advice to program
managers.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency is allocated a total of $1,117,900 supported by 11.1
total workyears for the OGC all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
The OGC provided legal guidance in program and enforcement matters such as
statutory interpretation, development of response priorities, review of proposed
regulatory actions, and defense of the Agency where litigation had been brought
against it concerning the CERCLA.
Hazardous Substances Legal Services - Regions
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,836,300 and 25.0 total workyears for this
program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $226,100 and an increase of 0.2
total workyears. The increase reflects increased personnel costs.
The Offices of Regional Counsel (ORCs) provide legal advice and
consultation on matters related to the implementation of the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) to the Regional
Administrators, regional Superfund managers and state agencies. Defensive
litigation involves court cases brought under CERCLA or which relate to CERCLA
personnel in which EPA is named as a defendant. ORC support includes
interviewing witnesses, assembling and indexing an administrative record,
discovery, settlement negotiations, preparing briefs, pleadings, and
participation in the conduct of trials. Formal administrative proceedings
involve specific written procedures to resolve disputes that arise in the areas
of audit resolutions, assistance disputes, bid protests, suspension, debarment,
and personnel related actions. ORC also participates in the preparation and
negotiation of cooperative agreements, state Superfund contracts, and multi-site
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cooperative agreements negotiated between EPA and states for performance of
Superfund response activities.
Activities relating to the public's access to EPA information includes
responding to CERCLA related FOIA requests, making final business confidentiality
determinations and responding to subpoenas and requests for authenticated copies
of documents in cases where EPA or its officials are not involved as a party.
ORC assures that the RIFs and RODs include the information necessary to legally
support Agency decisions through the drafting and review of workplans and the
development of an administrative record for remedy selection. Legal advice to
programs includes listing and delisting of sites, Indian matters, NEPA/EIS, local
contract and procurement advice, ethics counseling, etc.
Explanation of Change +0.2 FTE +$226.IK
This request represents an increase of $226,100 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation, and a increase of 0.2 in total workyears. The increase
reflects increased personnel costs.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,610,200 supported by 24.8
total work years for the ORCs, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. The ORCs will continue to provide legal advice and
consultation on matters related to the CERCLA, participating in defensive
litigation, formal administrative proceedings such as audit resolutions,
assistance disputes, bid protests, and personnel related actions. They will
support cooperative agreements, public access to EPA held information,
development of the administrative record, and other issues.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $1,152,600 supported by 17.6
workyears for the ORCs, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. The ORCs provided legal advice and consultation on matters
related to the CERCLA, participating in defensive litigation, formal
administrative proceedings such as audit resolutions, assistance disputes, bid
protests, and personnel related actions. They supported cooperative agreements,
public access to EPA held information, development of the administrative record,
and other issues.
Hazardous Substance - Mission and Policy - PIG
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $536,900 and 3.0 total workyears for this
program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance - DIG Appropriation.
This represents a decrease of 1.0 workyear, and an increase of $222,200. The
$222,200 increase will be used to fund the OIG initial share of $286,900 in the
EPA Working Capital Fund. This is the first year resources have been requested
separately for the Working Capital Fund by the OIG. In previous years, funds to
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support these services were requested as part of the Office of Administration and
Resources Management General program element.
This program will continue to provide mission and policy management at a
high level of leadership and support which promotes the most economical,
efficient, and effective application and administration of OIG resources. This
program will seek ways of promoting greater workforce diversity and development
and improving OIG value to the Agency and Congress through more effective
communications. This program includes management support for the OIG's
Headquarters and field components. The support includes budget formulation and
execution, the OIG's semiannual reports to Congress in accordance with
requirements of the Inspector General Act, administrative and personnel services,
training, coordination of government streamlining and Total Quality Management
activities, strategic planning, communications, space, acquisition and
administrative policy and coordination, responding to Freedom of Information Act
and Privacy Act requests, property management, the affirmative action program,
and files management.
The OIG initial investment in the EPA Working Capital Fund will support
program postage costs that provide all routine, day to day U.S. Postal Services
and includes regular first, third and fourth class mail, Post Office Express
Mail, two day priority mail, registered mail and pouch mail, Federal Express
overnight mail and United Parcel Service shipments.
The OIG initial investment in the EPA Working Capital Fund will also
support program costs for on-going data processing and telecommunications
services including: Enterprise Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop
Services, Technical Consulting Services and Scientific Computing Services.
Investment resources will provide the program's share of depreciation of capital
assets and additional computing capacity.
Explanation of Change -1.0 FTE +$222.2K
The Agency is requesting a decrease of 1.0 in the number of total workyears
and an increase of $222,200 in FY 1996 for the mission and policy program of the
Hazardous Substance - Office of Inspector General Appropriation, including the
OIG portion of the EPA Working Capital Fund. Specifically, our request includes
an increase of $286,900 to fund the OIG portion of the EPA Working Capital Fund
with a decrease of 1.0 workyear and $64,700, for a net increase of $222,200.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $314,700 and 4.0 workyears for this
program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance - OIG Appropriation to
fully fund the workyears. This program will provide management support for the
OIG's Headquarters and field components. The support includes budget formulation
and execution, preparation of the OIG's semiannual reports to Congress in
accordance with requirements of the Inspector General Act, administrative and
personnel services, training, coordination of government streamlining and Total
Quality Management activities, strategic planning, communications, space,
acquisition and administrative policy and coordination, responding to Freedom of
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Information Act and Privacy Act requests, property management, the affirmative
action program, and files management.
In 1995, resources for the Working Capital Fund portion of this program
were included in the EPA Office Administration and Resource Management General
program element.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, resources for this program were included in the program element -
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General.
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,057,300 and 112.5 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be from the Hazardous Substance Trust Fund. This
represents a decrease of $1,532,300 and a decrease of 25.5 total workyears from
1995. The decreases are due to a $280,000 reduction in the funds used to support
audits of contracts by the Defense Contract Audit Agency, and $1,252,300 being
transferred from this account to the general DIG appropriation to support
additional audits of construction grants and major EPA contractors to help reduce
the backlog of both programs. The workyear reduction also reflects the transfer
of resources from this account to the general DIG appropriation.
The DIG will continue its wide-ranging audit and investigative coverage to
ensure that the Agency's risk of financial loss is minimized and that Agency
Superfund programs are operated as efficiently as possible. The OIG's basic work
will include performance audits, contract and grant audits (covering financial
and performance aspects), and financial audits. In addition, the OIG will
continue to conduct audits and reviews required by the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) in five major areas: policy and program
management; remedial cleanup activities; removal responses; enforcement; and
program support initiatives. Audits of Agency programs, financial systems, and
contracts and assistance agreements will improve the efficiency and effectiveness
of the procurement process and provide financial advisory and assistance services
to the Agency, but at a reduced level of activity.
The OIG will use scientific and engineering specialists in hazardous waste
remediation to assist in independently reviewing technical aspects of the
program, including remedial investigation and feasibility studies, as well as key
technical decisions in the remedial, removal, and enforcement programs. The OIG
will review the Agency's accounting systems to assure that the accounting and
financial management information and reports are reliable and useful to the
Agency and also review the Agency's major computer systems.
The OIG will reduce its investigative resources from that of 1995, with
emphasis continuing to be placed on procurement and acquisition management
investigations, including grants and cooperative agreements. There also will be
a reduced level of investigative resources used to conduct investigations of
program and employee integrity issues, including personnel security matters.
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Explanation of Change -25.5 FTE -$1,532.3K
For 1996, the Office of Inspector General is requesting the redirection of
23.8 workyears from the Hazardous-Substance OIG Account to the OIG Appropriation
to improve the OIG's distribution of resources in better relative proportion to
the Agency's risks and to provide greater performance results to the Agency. The
OIG is proposing the reduction of 1.7 workyears from our investigative resources
as part of the OIG commitment to reducing the size of the Federal workforce. The
OIG is also proposing a reduction of $1,532,300. This reduction includes
$280,000 which was previously used to fund pre-award, interim, and final cost
audits of EPA contracts, performed for EPA by the Defense Contract Audit Agency
and independent public accounting firms, and $1,252,300 transferred to the
general OIG appropriation supporting the 23.8 redirected FTE.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $13,589,600 and 138 total
workyears, all of which is from the OIG Hazardous Substance Trust Fund
appropriation. These resources enable the OIG to continue meeting the statutory
requirements of SARA. Superfund is a procurement oriented program, making it
especially vulnerable to fraud and abuse.
SARA requires the OIG, on an annual basis, to: audit all payments,
obligations, reimbursements, or other uses of the Trust Fund in the prior fiscal
year; audit claims; examine a sample of agreements with States carrying out
response actions; examine remedial investigations and feasibility studies
prepared for remedial actions; submit to Congress an annual report on the above
activities; and review the Agency's annual progress report to Congress, with a
report on the results of the review to be part of the Agency report.
The OIG conducts a wide range of performance and financial audits of
Superfund programs. Performance audits determine the extent that desired results
and benefits of Superfund programs are being achieved and recommend any changes
needed in management controls. To assist the Agency revitalize the Superfund
program, the OIG has begun to implement its audit strategy to review various
stages of the Superfund cleanup process from site listing, through the remedial
investigation/feasibility study phase, to construction of the remedy, with
emphasis on the accelerated cleanup pilot initiatives. Also, audits of data
systems will assist the Agency in improving the consistency and reliability of
Superfund data.
The OIG supports the Agency's needs for pre-award, interim, and final
audits of contracts. For 1994, the OIG questioned over $42 of costs as
ineligible for each dollar spent on external audits of grants and contracts.
Also, the OIG monitors audits of contracts and assistance agreements by CPA
firms, other Federal audit agencies, and the States. In addition, the OIG
reviews the internal controls in the Agency's programs, functions, operations,
and activities and supports the Agency's FMFIA requirements. The OIG is
implementing its responsibilities under the Chief Financial Officers Act,
including auditing the Agency's financial statements.
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Because the Superfund program is particularly vulnerable to fraud and
abuse, the OIG is concentrating its investigative resources on procurement and
acquisition management type activities. Emphasis in this area has been growing
as a result of the OIG procurement initiative begun in 1992, the establishment
of the Procurement Fraud Division in 1993, proactive initiatives, and increased
external audits. This activity has yielded significant results from this
increased emphasis during the last 3 years. Investigative resources are also
being committed to non-procurement investigations, such as potentially
responsible parties and the development of other Superfund program and employee
integrity initiatives, including personnel security matters.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $13,317,000 and 150.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the OIG Hazardous Substance
Trust Fund appropriation. During 1994, the OIG issued 201 audit reports on
Superfund grants and contracts. These audits questioned costs and recommended
cost efficiencies totaling $16,580,657. Major performance audits resulted in the
Agency's agreement to improve: (1) critical Superfund data quality, (2) Superfund
site assessment and cleanup, (3) controls needed to protect securities in
bankruptcy cases, and (4) contractor compliance with Federal accounting system
requirements. For example, as a result of an audit of securities received as
part of Superfund cost recovery efforts, we recommended several improvements to
safeguard $22.4 million in marketable securities. Several audits of the Agency's
performance in managing the Superfund program indicated that the Agency has made
significant improvements in some areas such as successful accelerated processes
for cleanup and remedial action, but that continued effort is needed to rectify
longstanding problems. For instance, we found that one Region using the
Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model had accelerated the cleanup process at the
National Zinc hazardous waste site thus overcoming major failures of similar
previous endeavors. However, another audit disclosed that the Agency did not
sufficiently publicize pilot project success to encourage use of the new
innovative techniques, nor did the Regions always adequately plan for using
available funds. We also reviewed EPA's Fiscal 1993 Financial Statements for
the Superfund Trust Fund.
Investigative initiatives in the Superfund program continued to identify
fraudulent activity. In 1994, investigations of Superfund activities resulted
in several indictments, fines, and settlements. For example, an investigation
revealed that a contractor used false information to inflate numerous invoices
submitted to EPA for establishing and monitoring national accounts for shipping
samples of hazardous waste to contract laboratories for analysis. The contractor
was convicted of filing 41 false claims. In addition, a potentially responsible
party pleaded guilty to making a false claim statement to EPA regarding
concealment of personal assets. At the end of 1994, we had 46 active Superfund
investigations underway, 29 percent of all active OIG investigations at EPA. The
Office of Investigations has undertaken a major proactive effort focusing on all
stages of Superfund activities including contracting, removals, and remediation.
The OIG also continued a major effort directed at fraud in the Contract
Laboratory Program.
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Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy. Planning and Evaluation
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,352,200 supported by 16.1 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $730,700 and a decrease of 0.9
total workyears. The increase in dollars will support activities that focus on
the Agency's Environmental Justice initiative.
The Office of Policy Analysis (OPA) will conduct policy analysis of
critical Superfund legislative, regulatory and policy provisions around key
issues, including cumulative pollution impacts from CERCLA sites and other
sources on communities, the potential for economic redevelopment opportunities
in those communities, the preferences of communities for various types of
remedies at sites, and the costs of various legislative and other policy options.
In 1996 OPPE will assess and develop standard methodologies to assess the
distribution of risk among Superfund sites, clusters of sites, and communities
to determine where there are uneven distributions associated with racial minority
or low income populations; continue work to remove barriers and encourage
sustainable economic redevelopment of contaminated sites; develop standard
methodologies to determine community preferences beginning in the pre-remedial
stages; determine policy options to address any uneven distributions of risk
among Superfund sites and minority or low income communities; develop effective
protocols for benefit assessments based on community preferences as well as
associated Superfund benefit estimation protocols; and use analytical models to
estimate cost, cost savings and alternative tax and finance schemes for various
Superfund policy options.
The Office of Regulatory Management and Evaluation (ORME) will manage the
development process of Superfund regulations and policies, ORME will also-
continue to assure that CERCLA programs comply with the Paperwork Reduction Act.
In addition, ORME will continue to work with the CERCLA program to introduce such
technologies as electronic data interchange (EDI) so that hazardous waste data
can be used more efficiently for such activities as capacity assurance planning.
The Office of Strategic Planning and Environmental Data (OSPED) will
continue working towards implementation of GPRA. At the same time, the Office
will maintain and improve the Agency's strategic planning process to establish
environmental goals and develop operating guidance. Analytic support for
Superfund programs will be provided, and work with Headquarters and the Regions
to develop and improve applications of computer-aided analysis of environmental
data will continue. OSPED will focus attention on reporting, Superfund decision
making, pollution prevention, the improvement of Superfund indicators
incorporated in GPRA and the link between those activities and environmental
results.
Explanation of Change -0.9 FTE +$730.7K
The investment of $730,700 will provide resources to fully support
contractor conversion workyears as well as provide additional resources for OPPE
to conduct policy analysis of the cumulative impact of CERCLIS and NPL sites as
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well as other pollution sources on various communities and the potential for
economic redevelopment opportunities in those communities in the context of
Superfund remediation. In order to accommodate the 0.9 total workyear reduction,
OPA will disinvest in analysis of Superfund transaction costs as well as
participation in Superfund rule development.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,621,500 supported by 17.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
OPA plays a strong analytic role in developing policy initiatives that
result from the CERCLA reauthorization. OPA is developing the analytic framework
for incorporating environmental justice considerations into CERCLA decision
making and demonstration projects. Specific activities include: developing
analytic models to estimate costs and cost savings to various sectors; refining
methodologies for quantifying risks from multiple contaminated sites and sources
of pollution; developing analyzing options to reduce risks to disproportionately
impacted communities; developing options from removing barriers and encouraging
economic redevelopment of contaminated sites; creating innovative policy tools
to cost-effectively address risk reduction in remediation; and analyzing the
changing impact of transaction costs on various parties involved in Superfund.
ORME manages the development process for Superfund regulations and
policies. ORME also assures Superfund program compliance with the Paperwork
Reduction Act. In addition, ORME is working with the CERCLA program to explore,
and pilot test, the use of electronic data interchange (EDI) for submission of
data necessary for program implementation.
OSPED is reorienting the Agency towards implementation of GPRA. In
addition, OSPED maintains the Agency's strategic planning process to establish
environmental goals and develop operating guidance. The Office provides analytic
support for Superfund programs to address specific problems in program delivery,
and works with Headquarters and the Regions to develop applications of computer-
aided analysis of environmental data such as screening sites for Superfund.
OSPED assesses applications in reporting, Superfund decision making, pollution
prevention, and the incorporation of Superfund indicators in GPRA.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated $2,811,700 supported by 12.2 total workyears
for this program, all of which came from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.
OPA developed key economic analyses of issues critical to the Superfund
Reauthorization debate: an analytical model of proposals including both direct
economic effects of remediating a waste site as well as the second-order impacts
of Superfund current liability-based approach; the analytic framework for
incorporating environmental justice and considerations into Superfund
reauthorization, demonstration projects, and ongoing remedial action decisions;
the costs, benefits, and impacts of alternative cleanup strategies and funding
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approaches; private party, insurer, and Federal sector transaction costs and how
to reduce them; and future CERCLA funding needs.
ORME managed the development process of Superfund regulations and policies
and continued to insure that CERCLA programs comply with the Paperwork Reduction
Act. ORME also continued to work with the CERCLA program on such technologies
as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) in order to make more efficient use of
hazardous waste data. The Risk Communication Project (RCP) supported research
on effective communication about the uncertainties in estimates of Superfund
related health and environmental risks, and a symposium to identify risk
communication research priorities relevant to Superfund sites.
OSPED published its third statistical guide for sampling hazardous waste
sites using cost effective, innovative statistical sampling methodologies. The
Guide has been sent to the Regions, all the States, and contractors involved in
Superfund site cleanups and a major workshop using the Guide Is planned for 1995.
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Administrator
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,442,500 supported by 12.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of 0.1 in workyears and an increase
in $158,000 from 1995. These resources will include support for: the National
Environmental Services Officer (NESO) located within the Office of Regional
Operations State/Local Relations. The NESO will conduct management reviews of
Environmental Services Divisions (ESDs); develop Headquarters guidance to ensure
efficiency in the utilization of resources and improve planning and procurement
systems; represent ESDs in the Superfund program planning and budget activities
including workload model development; ensure Superfund policies are effectively
communicated to ESDs; schedule and convene quarterly ESDs conferences; plan,
schedule and convene meetings of the Superfund Analytical Services Advisory
Committee; evaluate options for securing the most effective lab support to meet
Superfund goals; and review ESD lab capabilities and their cost effectiveness.
In addition, the Office of the Administrator will continue to use existing,
and develop new, communication vehicles to exchange information on acute
hazardous materials, National Priority List (NPL) site activity, emergency
planning, chemical release information, and enforcement activity. The Office
will also continue to work closely with the Regions and newly established
emergency response commissions and local emergency planning committees, and other
citizen groups on-site activities. Also, grants training will be funded for
small and minority contractors for cleanup areas and we will continue to carry
out Circular A-3 publications and A-114 Audiovisual review responsibilities for
new Superfund program publications and audiovisual products.
Explanation of Change +0.1 FTE $158.OK
The growth in resources reflects increased personnel and support costs
associated with supporting the Environmental Appeals Board's Superfund
enforcement efforts.
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1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,284,500 supported by 12.3
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. The NESO will continue to provide the ESDs with
Headquarters policy guidance, oversight, and management support, in areas
affecting both ESDs and Superfund; maintain constant liaison with the program
offices and ESDs to facilitate their cooperation and participation in meeting the
objectives of the Superfund program in the identification of hazardous waste
sites and in the management of any potential risks from these sites. In
addition, the Office of the Administrator is supporting the regions and assisting
states and localities with plans to respond to chemical emergencies. The Office
is playing a critical role in exchanging information with local health
professionals, public safety officials, local government and State government
officials. A wide variety of communications support including speech
preparation, publications development and distribution, fact sheet preparation
and graphic slide presentations and other general response briefings and
communications vehicles are being provided. Also, training is being provided for
small and minority contractors for cleanup areas. Emphasis will be placed on
participation with the State Implementation Work Group, the National Resources
Damage Claim Work Group, the State Hazardous Waste Capacity Plan Work Group, and
the Communications Planning Work Group. The Agency's relationship with Congress
as it relates to the Superfund program, including coordinating briefings,
organizing EPA participation in oversight hearings, and responding to a wide
variety of information requests from individual members and staff will be
strengthened.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $1,193,300 supported by 10.8 total
workyears, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
The Office coordinated the identification of inactive sites with other Federal
agencies; provided a wide variety of communication support, including the
development of fact sheets and publications; and worked on information exchange
with State and local governments. In addition, the program provided the ESDs
with policy guidance, oversight, and management support; identified hazardous
waste sites, provided sample and site tracking and developed a national equipment
planning and procurement process for ESDs to meet Superfund and other Agency
needs. Training for small, minority contractors was in compliance with a
Congressional directive.
Hazardous Substance - Analytical Environmental Services
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,740,500 for purchases of Environmental
Services Divisions' (ESDs) equipment, all of which will be from the Superfund
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $275,100 from the 1995 Superfund
appropriation.
13-97
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Regional Superfund programs require technical support for primary field
investigations, monitoring, sample collection and transport, laboratory analyses ,
data analysis and evaluation, quality assurance/quality control oversight,
environmental emergencies and Geographical Information Systems. In order to
address the Agency's good science, Superfund enforcement, and environmental
monitoring assessment goals, modern, well maintained laboratory and field
equipment is essential. This program will fund the Superfund laboratory and
field equipment necessary to effectively maintain Agency standards for good
science. Funding is also necessary to support continually increasing demands for
sophisticated data generation and Superfund analysis support.
Explanation of Change -$275.IK
Funding is decreased slightly due to a minor decline in proportion of field
and laboratory work that supports the Superfund program following institution of
Regional analytical budgets.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,015,600 for this program,
all of which is from the Superfund appropriation. This provides regional offices
with a centralized budget for laboratory and field analytical support which is
essential to advance the Agency's goal of improved data and better science.
Locally managed analytical support is also vital to the success of Regional
place-based projects.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $1,654,000, all of which was from
the Superfund appropriation. Resources provided Regional offices with the funds
to pay for laboratory and field equipment. Modern, well-maintained equipment is
essential to meet the Agency's Superfund goals. Environmental Services Divisions
provided technical support for field investigations, compliance monitoring,
sample collection and transport, laboratory analyses, data analysis and
evaluation, quality assurance/quality control, emergency removals and other
environmental emergencies and technical assistance to state laboratories in
support of Superfund site work.
Hazardous Substances - Research and Development - Management and Support
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,560,600 and 1.7 total workyears for 1996,
an increase of $417,700 and no change in workyears from 1995. The request for
$1,560,600 will be for the Superfund appropriation. Of this request., $483,800
will be for administrative expenses and $1,076,800 for programmatic expenses.
This reflects a decrease of $83,300 for administrative expenses and an increase
of $501,000 for programmatic expenses over 1995.
This research program provides administrative automated data processing
(ADP) support to the Office of Research and Development's (ORD) hazardous
13-98
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substances trust fund programs to ensure the effective coordination of its
research programs and administrative management services.
This program will provide the quality administrative ADP support necessary
within ORD's hazardous substances trust fund programs so ORD senior management
can make informed policy decisions. These activities include: ORD-wide automated
data processing services; ADP systems evaluation, development and enhancement;
research and administrative information services (i.e., studies, analyses,
evaluations, etc.); and operation of ORD's Hazardous Substances Trust Fund
information systems to support research program planning and management
accountability.
Explanation of Change +$417.7K
The additional resources are required to provide the Hazardous Substances
Trust Fund programs fair share of ORD's administrative support costs.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $1,142,900 and 1.7 total workyears for
this program element, all of which will be for the Superfund appropriation. Of
this request, $567,100 is administrative expenses and $575,800 is programmatic
expenses.
Resources from this program element provide the general ADP administrative
support services for the Office of Research and Development's (ORD) Hazardous
Substances Trust Fund programs.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $1,105,300 and 1.7 total workyears for this
program element, all of which was for the Superfund appropriation. Of this
request, $1,026,600 was administrative expenses and $78,700 was programmatic
expenses.
ORD provided general administrative ADP support services for the Hazardous
Substances Trust Fund programs.
13-99
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SUPERFUND
Working Capital Fund - Superfund
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST
1994 BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE 1996
1995 1995
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
PROGRAM
Working Capital Fund
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL
$4,503.7 $4,503.7 $4,503.7'
$4,503.7 $4,503.7 $4,503.7
$4,503.7 $4,503.7 $4,503.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Working Capital Fund
Superfund
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Working Capital Fund
Superfund
TOTAL WORKYEARS
13-100
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SUPERFUND
WORKING CAPITAL FUND - SUPERFUND
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,503,700 for this program, all of which
is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
Working Capital Fund - Superfund
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,503,700 for this program, all of which
will be for the Regions. This request provides for postage and data processing
services previously funded under an Agency-wide support account. Postage dollars
will fund program postage costs that provide all routine, day-to-day postal
services and includes regular U.S. Mail First, Third, and Fourth Class mail, Post
Office Express Mail, two-day priority mail, registered and certified mail and
pouch mail; Federal Express overnight mail and United Parcel Service shipments.
The request will provide for annualization of the February, 1995 postal rate
increase of 10.3%.
The request also provides for on-going data processing and
telecommunication services for this Program. These services are classified into
five cost centers; Enterprise Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop
Services, Technical Consulting Services, and Scientific Computing Services.
Resources will provide the Program's share of depreciation of capital assets,
increased service costs, additional mainframe capacity, investments in network
services, and investments in technical consulting services.
Explanation of Change +$4,503.7K
No funds were requested in this account for 1995. Funds for these Regional
costs were previously provided through a centralized, Agency-wide support
account.
1995 Program
No resources are provided under this activity.
1994 Accomplishments
No resources were provided under this account in 1994.
13-101
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13-102
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS 14-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
LUST Research 14-5
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
LUST Guidelines and Implementation 14-11
Guidelines and Implementation - LUST Trust Fund 14-12
Working Capital Fund - LUST 14-14
Working Capital Fund - LUST 14-15
ENFORCEMENT
LUST Legal Enforcement 14-17
LUST Legal Enforcement 14-18
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
LUST Management and Support 14-21
LUST Support Services - Nationwide/Headquarters/Regions .... 14-23
LUST Support Services - DIG Headquarters 14-23
LUST Administrative Management 14-24
Legal Services - Office of General Counsel 14-25
Office of the Inspector General -LUST 14-25
-------
APPROPRIATION
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Lust Trust Fund
Office of Inspector
General
$83,746.5 $76,672.8 $69,989.0 $69,989.0 $77,273.0 $7,284.0
$547.8
TOTAL, Leaking Underground $84,294.3 $76,672.8 $69,989.0 $69,989.0 $77,273.0 $7,284.0
Storage Tank Trust
$600.2
$600.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
89.0
92.1
99.6
99.6
99.6
102.6
98.5
101.5
99.1
102.1
-5
2.5
$70,161.1 $76,909.0 $73,986.4 $73,986.4 $75,127.0 $1,140.6 -$1,782.0
The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986, as amended, established
the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks Trust fund and authorizes a total of such sums as may
be necessary to be appropriated to this fund.
14-1
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK
DIFFERENCE
PRES. CURRENT
BUDGET ENACTED ESTIMATE ENACTED VS EST. VS EST. VS
1995 1995 1995 PRES. BUD PRES. BUD ENACTED
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Lust Trust Fund $76,672.8 $69,989.0 $69,989.0 -$6,683.8 -$6,683.8
Office of Inspector
General
TOTAL, Leaking Underground $76,672.8 $69,989.0 $69,989.0 -$6,683.8 -$6,683.8
Storage Tank Trust
PERMANENT WORKYEARS 99.6 99.6 98.5 -1.1 -1.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS 99.6 102.6 101.5 3.0 1.9 -1.1
The following points list the major reasons that the dollars devoted to this media have changed from submission
of the President's FY 1995 Budget Request to the FY 1995 Current Estimates.
LUST
o State Cooperative Agreements were reduced by $6.1 million
as a result of Congressional action.
o Congressional action resulted in a reduction to administrative
dollars.
Research and Development
Program and Research Operations
o No significant change
Research and Development
o No significant change
14-2
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS TRUST FUND
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) program's objective is to
ensure rapid and effective responses to releases from underground storage tanks
containing petroleum. The Agency seeks to achieve this by building and enhancing
regional, state and local enforcement and response capability. Forty-nine states
have entered into cooperative agreements with EPA allowing day-to-day
implementation to be a state responsibility. To assist state and local
corrective action efforts, EPA supports projects to streamline administrative and
field processes, implement risk-based corrective actions, conduct research on
leak detection and prevention and promote alternative technologies. Fund
resources are also utilized by states and Regions to oversee cleanups performed
by responsible parties, to take enforcement actions when necessary, and to
recover costs from the responsible party when fund resources have been utilized
to conduct investigations or to cleanup sites.
EPA conducts response activities only in very limited circumstances, and
oversees responsible party lead cleanups only on indian lands at the Regional
level. The Headquarters role is to provide national program direction and
strategies, interpretations of policy, and. technical assistance and outreach
support. The role of the Regions is to negotiate and monitor cooperative
agreements with states to implement the LUST Trust Fund program, to provide
direction, support and assistance to the states and to directly implement the
program on indian lands. States identify leaking tanks, encourage and compel
owners/operators to respond, and take response actions when owners/operators are
unknown, unable or unwilling to respond. EPA is working with states to implement
risk-based processes which employ science to categorize sites based on actual or
potential risk to ensure that all sites move toward cleanup completion in a
timely, rational fashion.
FY 1996 Program Highlights
In 1996, the Agency focus will be on assisting states in addressing the
backlog of known releases, implementing risk-based decision making in corrective
action processes, fostering cost control measures in remediation, and helping
states to protect the solvency of state assurance funds. Voluntary cleanup
programs will continue to be a focal point in the LUST program.
EPA will continue to support the regional, state, local, and tribal
programs through technical assistance in high priority areas. Efforts will
include the promotion of innovative technologies and streamlined corrective
action processes.
Important Goals/Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
The LUST program will use performance measures to assess and track progress
towards the cleanup of contaminated sites. These measures are the number of
confirmed releases, number of cleanups initiated, and the number of cleanups
completed. Since 1994, the LUST program has been participating in a pilot under
the Government Performance Results Act (GPRA).
14-3
-------
As part of this pilot, the program has set national targets for each fiscal year.
The FY 95 performance plan established a target that cleanups initiated would be
70% of confirmed releases and that 20,000 cleanups would be completed by the end
of FY 1995.
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks/LUST Audit and Investigation Support
The Office of the Inspector General (OIG) provides independent and
objective audits of program management, financial systems, grants and contracts
awarded by the Agency to identify problems and recommend improvements to promote
economy, efficient and effectiveness in the administration of the LUST program
and its operations. The OIG also investigates allegations of illegal activities
and initiates proactive investigation in situations that could cause fraud or
abuse by EPA employees, grantees, or contractors.
14-4
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Research
PROGRAM
LUST Research
Lust Trust Fund
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Lust Trust Fund
LUST Research TOTAL
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
LUST Research
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
LUST Research
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE INCREASE
1994 BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE 1996 DECREASE DECREASE
1995 1995 1996 REQ 1996 REQ
VS VS
1995 CE 1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$744.4 $775.7 $769.2 $769.2 $773.8 $4.6 -$1.9
$744.4 $775.7 $769.2 $769.2 $773.8 $4.6 -$1.9
$744.4 $775.7 $769.2 $769.2 $773.8 $4.6 -$1.9
$744.4 $775.7 $769.2 $769.2 $773.8 $4.6 -$1.9
1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9
1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9
1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9
1.8 1.9. 1.9 1.9 1.9
14-5
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
LUST RESEARCH
PRINCIPAL OUTPUTS
1996
o Prepare manuals on in-situ and ex-situ technologies for LUST sites.
o Complete field scale evaluation of chemical oxidation process at
LUST site
1995
1994
Develop preliminary conceptual model for subsurface contaminated
identification and analysis at LUST sites.
Complete evaluation of soil vapor extraction/air sparging technology
at field site.
Completed reports on field evaluations of selected remediation
technologies at LUST sites.
Completed laboratory bench top study of chemical oxidation process
at LUST site.
14-6
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST RESEARCH
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $773,800 from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust Fund (LUST) appropriation and 1.9 workyears for 1996, an
increase of $4,600 and no change in workyears.
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $773,800 from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust Fund (LUST) appropriation and 1.9 workyears for 1996, an
increase of $4,600 and no change in workyears. Of this request, $601,600 is for
extramural research and $172,200 is for administrative ceiling. This represents
an increase of $200 extramural and an increase of $4,400 to Administrative
ceiling.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $769,200 supported by 1.9 total
workyears for this program element, of which $167,800 is for administrative
ceiling and $601,400 is for extramural research.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $744,400 supported by 1.8 total workyears
for this program element, of which $142,500 was for administrative ceiling and
$601,900 was for extramural research. The sections below describe research
program issues by fiscal year.
Research Issues
Twenty percent of the more than 2,000,000 regulated underground storage
tanks are estimated to be leaking. Confirmed releases are being reported at a
rate of over one thousand per week. Agency research provides technical support
and optional monitoring and cleanup technologies to the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, EPA Regions, states, municipalities and the private sector
in an effort to detect and remediate these leaks. These efforts are undertaken
as part of the ORD Groundwater research program where they are coordinated with
similar activities funded in the Hazardous Substances, Drinking Water and
Hazardous Waste Program Elements.
Groundwater
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $589,500 extramural resources from the LUST
Trust Fund and 1.9 total workyears for 1996, a decrease of $4,300 in extramural
funding and no change in workyears. Administrative ceiling supporting the
workyears is described in the Infrastructure Issue of this program element.
14-7
-------
As of June 1994, state and local environmental agencies from across the
nation had reported more than 260,000 releases from underground storage tanks,
with over 1,000 new releases being reported each week. Many of these releases
have already contaminated groundwater or are threatening to do so in the near
future. Depending on the extent of contamination, the cost: for remediating a
site with groundwater contamination can range from $100 thousand to over $1
million. This combination of a large number of contaminated sites and the high
cost of cleaning up each site underscore the need for faster, more effective, and
less costly methods for site cleanup.
In 1996 engineers will prepare and update engineering manuals, including
cost analysis information for in-situ and ex-situ technologies for remediation
of leaking underground storage tank (LUST) sites. Work will be completed on
pilot/field scale evaluation of an innovative chemical oxidation process for
remediation of contaminated soil at LUST sites. Researchers will initiate a
field demonstration combining multiple treatment systems for site remediation.
Explanation of Change -$4.3K (LUST)
There will be no material change in resources supporting this research.
However, programmatic support for this activity is progressing from concept and
bench top research to proof of concept in the field. Results will provide more
working tools for remediation and detection for the regulators, States and the
private sector. This change in emphasis is being accomplished through internal
realignment of LUST resources.
1995 Program
In 1995, ORD research continues to focus on improving the effectiveness of
remedial technologies for LUST sites. Researchers are completing the initial
phase of an integrated system for the in-situ treatment of LUST sites and-
initiating pilot studies of chemical oxidation techniques for remediation of
petroleum contaminated soils. Scientists and engineers are completing efforts
to evaluate soil vacuum extraction and air sparging technologies at LUST sites
in Regions 2, 3, and 5 and to evaluate free-product recovery systems. ORD
continues to emphasize technical support to the regional and state programs as
well as the Agency's Office of Underground Storage Tanks.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994 ORD completed laboratory studies of chemical oxidation technologies
for contaminated soils at LUST sites. Work was finalized on engineering
documents on innovative technologies and integrated in-situ system design.
Technical assistance was provided to the Regions and states on design and use of
remedial technologies.
Innovative Technologies
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,100 in extramural resources and no
workyears for 1996, an increase of $4,500. The request of $ 12,100 will be for
14-8
-------
the LUST appropriation.
As mandated by Public Law 102-564, the Small Business Innovation Research
Program (SBIR) will allocate 2.0 percent of the Agency's extramural LUST research
appropriation to support the small businesses engaged in the development of
technologies for cleanup of contaminated LUST sites. The Agency uses this
research program to take advantage of unique solutions invented by the private
sector to remediate LUST sites.
Explanation of Change +$4.5K (LUST)
This increase is to fund the SBIR program at 2.0 percent of the LUST
extramural resources.
1995 Program
As mandated by Public Law 102-564, the Small Business Innovation Research
Program (SBIR) is allocating 2.0 percent of the Agency's extramural research
appropriation to support the small businesses engaged in the development of
equipment for pollution abatement and control and process instrumentation. Under
this research program, the Agency can take advantage of unique solutions to
remediation issues that may be offered by the private sector.
1994 Accomplishments
No funds were set aside from the LUST appropriation in the 1994 request to
support SBIR. Phase I awards are made at approximately $50,000 each and Phase
II awards are approximately $150,000 each.
Infrastructure
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $172,200 for administrative ceiling and no
workyears for 1996, an increase of $4,400 from 1995. The request of $172,200
will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank appropriation.
Adequately funded infrastructure is critical to ORD's success in conducting
the quality science needed to assure that the Agency's decisions are
scientifically sound. The most critical part of ORD's infrastructure is its
staff. This issue contains the compensation, benefits and travel necessary to
support the workyears identified within the groundwater issue of this program
element.
Explanation of Change +$4.4K (LUST)
Minor, non-programmatic adjustment to LUST Administrative Ceiling caused
by Agency-wide workforce pricing analysis.
14-9
-------
1995 Program
The Infrastructure Issue provides compensation, benefits and travel for
Agency scientists and engineers conducting LUST research.
1994 Accomplishments
The Infrastructure Issue provided compensation, benefits and travel for
Agency scientists and engineers conducting LUST research.
14-10
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PROGRAM
Guidelines &
Implementation - LUST
Trust Fund
Lust Trust Fund
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Guidelines & Implementation
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$80,935.7 $72,353.6 $65,985.2 $65,985.2 $72,594.3
TOTAL $80,935.7 $72,353.6 $65,985.2 $65,985.2 $72,594.3
$6,609.1
$6,609.1
$240.7
$240.7
TOTAL:
Lust Trust Fund
LUST Guidelines &
Implementation
$80,935.7 $72,353.6 $65,985.2 $65,985.2 $72,594.3 $6,609.1 $240.7
TOTAL $80,935.7 $72,353.6 $65,985.2 $65,985.2 $72,594.3 $6,609.1 $240.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Guidelines &
Implementation - LUST
Trust Fund
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
64.9
64.9
65.6
65.6
65.6
65.6
64.6
64.6
65.1
65.1
-5
-5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Guidelines &
Implementation - LUST
Trust Fund
TOTAL WORKYEARS
67.0
67.0
65.6
65.6
68.5
68.5
67.5
67.5
68.0
68.0
2.4
2.4
14-11
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS TRUST FUND
LUST GUIDELINES AND IMPLEMENTATION
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $72,594,300 and 68.0 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $6,609,100 and an increase of 0.5 total workyears from 1995.
LUST Guidelines and Implementation
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $72,594,300 and 68.0 total workyears for
1996, an increase of $6,609,100 and an increase of 0.5 total workyears from 1995.
The increase in dollars will support the establishment of strong corrective
action programs on indian lands, as well as activities in corrective action
streamlining, demonstration projects of innovative technologies, the
incorporation of risk-based decision making into corrective action processes.
In 1996, the Agency focus will be on implementing risk-based decision
making in corrective action processes, promoting cost control measures in
remediation, and undertaking measures to protect the solvency of state assurance
funds. Providing states the resources to address the universe of known releases
and implementing voluntary cleanup programs will remain priorities.
Forty-nine states have entered into cooperative agreements with EPA,
allowing the states to assume program implementation. EPA will conduct response
activities only in very limited circumstances, and will provides oversight to
responsible party-lead cleanups only on indian lands at the Regional level.
Headquarters will continue to provide national program direction, policy
interpretations, technical assistance, and outreach support. The Regions will
negotiate and monitor cooperative agreements with states to implement the LUST
Trust Fund program, provide direction, support and assistance to the states, and
directly implement the program on indian lands. States will identify leaking
tanks, encourage and compel owners/operators to respond, and take response
actions when owners/operators are unknown, unable or unwilling to respond. When
the Trust Fund is used to conduct a corrective action, tank owners/operators will
be liable to the state for costs incurred and will be subject to cost recovery
actions. Implementation of risk-based processes in states will employ science
to categorize sites based on actual or potential risk to ensure that all sites
move toward cleanup completion in a timely, rational manner.
Explanation of Change +0.5 FTE + $6,609.1
While overall FTE levels are generally flat, workyears have been redirected
from Headquarters to the Regions to support development of the LUST program
infrastructure on indian lands. The increase in LUST dollars will support the
establishment of strong corrective action programs on indian lands, as well as
strong state corrective action programs. Activities include corrective action
streamlining, building strong state assurance funds, demonstration projects of
14-12
-------
innovative technologies, and the incorporation of risk-based decision making into
corrective action processes.
1995 Program
For 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $65,985,200 supported by 67.5
total workyears for the LUST Trust Fund appropriation.
All states now have corrective action authorities in place and are
attempting to address the increasing number of LUST sites. The gap between
confirmed releases and cleanups completed threatens to grow unless states can
develop innovative approaches to oversight of corrective actions undertaken by
owners and operators. States are continuing to provide technical oversight of
LUST assessments and cleanups, and are conducting outreach to owners and
operators and their consultants on the corrective action process. EPA continues
to assist the states in streamlining administrative oversight processes and in
adopting innovative approaches to the assessment and remediation of LUST sites.
EPA has begun work to promote risk-based corrective action processes, and to
implement a "Brownfields", voluntary cleanup strategy.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $80,935,700 supported by 67.0
total workyears for the LUST Trust Fund appropriation. A portion of these funds
were used to address cleanups resulting from the Midwest Flood of 1993.
Efforts to address the growing backlog of confirmed releases continued in
1994. States oversaw privately financed cleanups and performed cleanup actions
directly when private parties could not be identified or were unwilling or unable
to perform the necessary action. Efforts to streamline all phases of the
corrective action process continued in 1994 with Headquarters and Regional
personnel promoting new processes and technologies.
14-13
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
Working Capital Fund
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Working Capital Fund
Lust
Lust Trust Fund
TOTAL
$122.7
•$122.7
$122.7
$122.7
$122.7
$122.7
TOTAL:
Lust Trust Fund
$122.7
$122.7
$122.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Working Capital Fund
Lust
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL XlORKYEARS
Working Capital Fund
Lust
TOTAL WORKYEARS
14-14
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
WORKING CAPITAL FUND
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $122,700 for this program. No resources
were in this account for 1995.
Working Capital Fund
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $122,700 for this program. No resources
were in this account for 1995.
This request provides for postage and data processing services previously
funded under an Agency-wide support account. Postage dollars will fund program
postage costs that provide all routine, day-to-day postal services and include
regular U.S. Mail First, Third, and Fourth Class mail, Post Office Express Mail,
two-day priority mail, registered and certi-fied mail, and pouch mail; Federal
Express overnight mail and United Parcel Service shipments. The request will
provide for annualization of the February, 1995 postal rate increase of 10.3%.
The request also provides for on-going data processing and telecommunication
services for this Program. These services are classified into five cost centers;
Enterprise Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical
Consulting Services, and Scientific Computing Services. Resources will provide
the Program's share of depreciation of capital assets, increased service costs,
additional mainframe capacity, investments in network services, and investments
in technical consulting services.
Explanation of Change +$122.7 K
No funds were requested in this account for 1995. Funds for these Regional
costs were previously provided through a centralized, Agency-wide support
account.
1995 Program
No resources are provided under this account in 1995.
1994 Accomplishments
No resources were provided under this account in 1994.
14-15
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Legal Enforcement
PROGRAM
LUST Legal
Enforcement
Lust Trust Fund
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Lust Trust Fund
LUST Legal TOTAL
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
LUST Legal
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
LUST Legal
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE INCREASE
1994 BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE 1996 DECREASE DECREASE
1995 1995 1996 REQ 1996 REQ
VS VS
1995 CE 1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$274.0 $496.4 $405.1 $405.1 $493.2 $88.1 -$3.2
$274.0 $496.4 $405.1 $405.1 $493.2 $88.1 -$3.2
$274.0 $496.4 $405.1 $405.1 $493.2 $88.1 -$3.2
$274.0 $496.4 $405.1 $405.1 $493.2 $88.1 -$3.2
3.4 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6
3.4 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6
3.4 5.6. 5.6 5.6 5.6
3.4 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6
14-17
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LEGAL ENFORCEMENT
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $493,200 and 5.6 total workyears for 1996,
of which the total request is from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST)
Trust Fund appropriation.
LUST Legal Enforcement
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $493,200 and 5.6 total workyears for 1996,
of which the total request is from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST)
Trust Fund appropriation. This increase of $88,100 which reflects adjustments
made to the pricing of workforce costs.
In 1996, the LUST Enforcement program will continue to assist states to
enhance their enforcement programs. The program will assist states with
addressing private party cleanups and will provide technical assistance to
enhance voluntary compliance with corrective action regulations and financial
responsibility requirements. The LUST program will take formal enforcement
actions as necessary to compel response actions by recalcitrant owners and
operators.
Explanation of Change +$88.IK
An increase of $88,100 to the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust
Fund reflects increased workforce costs.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $405,100 and 5.6 total workyears for
1995, of which the total amount is from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
(LUST) Trust Fund appropriation.
The LUST Enforcement program resources are designed to encourage and allow
states and local governments to manage the majority of enforcement actions. EPA
provides technical assistance for state and local enforcement with minimal
Federal oversight and little direct EPA involvement. However, in some instances,
EPA does take formal enforcement actions to compel response actions by
recalcitrant owners and operators, where no alternative is available.
1994 Program
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $274,000 and 3.4 total workyears
for this program, of which the total amount was from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund appropriation.
14-18
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The workload of the LUST Enforcement program focused on providing
assistance and oversight to States by encouraging the use of informal or
expedited enforcement approaches, as well as traditional formal enforcement
approaches, to establish and enhance effective State programs. In 1994, The LUST
Enforcement program contributed to achieving over 38,000 cleanups initiated and
to more than 20,000 cleanups completed at leaking Underground storage tanks.
14-19
-------
14-20
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Management & Support
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
LUST - Support Services
Nat i onwi de/HQ/Reg i ons
Lust Trust Fund
TOTAL
LUST Support Services -
OIG
Office of Inspector
General
TOTAL
LUST - Administrative
Management
Lust Trust Fund
TOTAL
Legal Services - Office
of General Counsel
Lust Trust Fund
TOTAL
Office Of Inspector
General - LUST
Office of Inspector
General
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Lust Trust Fund
Office of Inspector
$879.3
$879.3
$73.0
$73.0
$636.9
$636.9
$276.2
$276.2
$474.8
$474.8
$1,792.4
$547.8
$976.4
$976.4
$72.8
$72.8
$1,063.8
$1,063.8
$338.2
$338.2
$595.9
$595.9
$2,378.4
$668.7
$768.3
$768.3
$72.3
$72.3
$1,090.8
$1,090.8
$301.4
$301.4
$596.7
$596.7
$2,160.5
$669.0
$768.3
$768.3
$72.3
$72.3
$1,090.8
$1,090.8
$301.4
$301.4
$596.7
$596.7
$2,160.5
$669.0
$1,103.8
$1,103.8
$72.7
$72.7
$1,098.7
$1,098.7
$376.4
$376.4
$637.4
$637.4
$2,578.9
$710.1
$335.5
$335.5
$.4
$.4
$7.9
$7.9
$75.0
$75.0
$40.7
$40.7
$418.4
$41.1
-$.1
-$.1
$34.9
$34.9
$38.2
$38.2
$41.5
$41.5
$200.5
$41.4
General
LUST Management &
Support
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
LUST Support Services
Nat i onw i de/HQ/Reg i ons
LUST Support Services -
OIG
LUST Administrative
Management
TOTAL $2,340.2 $3,047.1 $2,829.5 $2,829.5 $3,289.0 $459.5
9.3
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.8
$241.9
Legal Services - Office
of General Counsel
Office Of Inspector
General - LUST
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
3.2
6.4
18.9
4.2
7.5
26.5
4.2
7.5
26.5
4.2
7.4
26.4
4.2
7.5
26.5
14-21
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Management & Support
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE INCREASE
1994 BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE 1996 DECREASE DECREASE
1995 1995 1996 REQ 1996 REQ
VS VS
1995 CE 1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL WORKYEARS
LUST Support Services
Nat i onwide/HQ/Reg i ons
LUST Support Services
- DIG
LUST Administrative 9.7 14.8 14.9 14.9 14.9
Management
Legal Services - Office 3.7 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2
of General Counsel
Office Of Inspector 6.5 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.5 1
General - LUST
TOTAL WORKYEARS 19.9 26.5 26.6 . 26.5 26.6 1
14-22
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,289,000 supported by 26.6 total
workyears, all of which is for the LUST Trust Fund appropriation. This
represents an increase of $459,500 and .1 FTE.
Support Services - Headquarters/Nationwide and Regions
1996 Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,103,800 supported by no FTE for this
program, all of which will be for the LUST Trust Fund appropriation. This
represents a $335,500 increase in the LUST Trust Fund from 1995. These resources
will provide support costs, such as rent, utilities, security and mail
operations.
Explanation of Change +$335.5K
The increase reflects mandatory support increases for rent and support
contract escalations.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $768,300 for this program, all
of which is from the LUST Trust Fund appropriation. These resources are used to
provide support services for the LUST Program at Headquarters.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $879,300 for this program. These
resources funded the LUST program's portion of support costs such as facilities
rental, utilities, security, and other related costs.
Support Services - Office Of Inspector General
1996 Request
The Agency requests a total of $72,700 for Support Services all of which
will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) appropriation in support
of the Office of the Inspector General. This represents a $400 increase over
from 1995 funding levels. These resources provide the Inspector General's
portion of LUST Nationwide/Headquarters support costs. These costs provide for
the GSA Rent, utility services, security, printing and copying and other support
costs.
Explanation Of Change +$0.4K
There is essentially no change from 1995.
14-23
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1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $72,300 for this program, all
of which is from the LUST Trust Fund appropriation. Pursuant to the
Appropriation Act funds for this program are transferred to the Inspector
General appropriation and are carried under LUST Support Services during the
operating year. These resources provide the Inspector General's portion of LUST
Nationwide/Headquarters support costs. These costs include GSA rent, security,
utilities, printing and copying and other support costs.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $73,000 for this program, all of
which is funded in the Leaking Underground Storage Tank appropriation. These
resources funded the Inspector General's portion of the Agency-wide support costs
such as facilities rental, utilities, security, and other related services.
Administrative Management
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,098,700 supported by 14.9 total workyears
for this program all of which will be for the LUST Trust Fund appropriation.
This represents a $7,900 increase and no change in workyears from 1995.
The Headquarter's resources will be used for administrative services, such
as contracts, grants, health and safety and environmental compliance, and human
resource service support. Basic financial services such as processing payroll
and vouchers, and producing accurate financial reports is also provided.
The Region's resources will provide basic grant management services as well
as financial services such as processing payroll and vouchers and providing
accurate financial reports.
Explanation Of Change +$7.9K
The increase reflects increases for payroll.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,090,800 supported by 14.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the LUST Trust Fund
appropriation. These resources are used to provide basic financial management
services (i.e., payroll and voucher processing) human resources services,
contracts and grants management.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $636,900 for this program, all of
which is funded in the Leaking Underground Storage Tank appropriation. These
resources were used to provide financial, administrative, and human resource
services.
14-24
-------
Legal Services - Office of General Counsel
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $376,400 and 4.2 total workyears for this
program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust
Fund. This represents an increase of $75,000 and no increase in workyears. The
increase in funds reflects increased personnel costs.
The Agency's objective is to implement the LUST response program primarily
through cooperative agreements with States. Towards this end, the program
emphasizes development of guidelines and technical assistance to States; support
for EPA and State infrastructures to address legal, technical and financial
issues; and response and enforcement, primarily through cooperative agreements.
These workyears, located in the Offices of Regional Counsel, will provide
legal support for administration of the fund, assisting States in development of
cooperative agreements between EPA and States, provide advice and
interpretations, and defend the Agency in legal actions taken against it
regarding the trust fund.
Explanation of Change + $75.OK
This represents an increase of $75,000 for the Leaking Underground Storage
Tank Trust Fund and no increase in workyears. The increase in funds reflects
increased personnel costs.
1995 Program
For FY 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $301,400 supported by 4.2
total workyears. These workyears, located in the Offices of Regional Counsel,
will provide legal support for administration of the fund, assisting States in
development of cooperative agreements between EPA and States, provide advice and
interpretations, and defend the Agency in legal actions taken against it
regarding the trust fund.
1994 Accomplishments
In FY 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $276,200 supported by 3.7 total
workyears, all of which was from the LUST Trust Fund appropriation. Those
workyears, located in the Offices of Regional Counsel, provided legal support for
administration of the fund, development of cooperative agreements between EPA and
States, provided advice and interpretations, and defense of the Agency in legal
actions taken against it regarding the trust fund.
Office of the Inspector General - LUST
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $637,400 and 7.5 total workyears for this
program, all of which will be from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST)
Trust Fund. This represents a 0.1 increase in total workyears and an increase
14-25
-------
of $40,700 to fully fund the workyears and fund the OIG portion of the EPA
Working Capital Fund.
The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 authorizes
appropriations to the LUST Trust Fund. As of September 30, 1993, there was $680
million in the Trust Fund. The Agency's strategy is to encourage the development
of comprehensive and permanent LUST programs in all States and territories.
States are required to develop Petroleum Response Programs capable of
prioritizing cleanup sites, monitoring cleanups, and managing cost recovery and
enforcement programs. State program responsibilities include conducting site
investigations when the initial report of a leak is received, taking emergency
response actions when appropriate, ensuring adequate owner and operator response
at as many sites as possible, taking response actions when owner and operator
response cannot be obtained, and recovering Trust Fund money spent on response
actions. The Agency provides national program direction, guidance, and technical
support for these State activities through cooperative agreements.
In 1996, the OIG's basic work will continue to include performance audits,
contract and grant audits (covering financial and performance aspects), and
financial audits. More specifically, the OIG will conduct performance audits of
the Agency's process for awarding LUST cooperative agreements and grants to
identify systemic problems with the Agency's management of the LUST program,
determine the causes of those problems, and recommend ways to minimize their
recurrence. Financial audits will be conducted to determine the eligibility,
allocability, and reasonableness of the costs claimed by recipients. Our funding
will also be used to provide assistance to OIG auditors in conducting audits and
to the Agency and others as necessary to track implementation of audit findings.
Pursuant to its responsibilities under the Chief Financial Officers Act, the OIG
will also focus its resources on financial and internal control areas and audit
the Agency's LUST Trust Fund financial statements. The OIG investigative efforts
will parallel those of 1995. The OIG will complete investigations currently in-
its inventory. The OIG can make a significant contribution to the LUST program's
long-term effectiveness.
The OIG will fund its share of the newly established EPA Working Capital
Fund that will support program postage costs that provide all routine, day to day
U.S. Postal Services and includes regular first, third and fourth class mail,
Post Office Express Mail, two day priority mail, registered mail and pouch mail,
Federal Express overnight mail and United Parcel Service shipments. The OIG
investment in the EPA Working Capital Fund will also support program costs for
on-going data processing and telecommunications services including: Enterprise
Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical Consulting
Services and Scientific Computing Services. Investment resources will provide
the program's share of depreciation of capital assets and additional computing
capacity.
In 1995, resources for the Working Capital Fund portion of this program
were included in the EPA Office Administration and Resource Management General
program element.
14-26
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Explanation of Change + .1 FTE OIG - LUST Appropriation + $40.7K
The Agency is requesting an increase of 0.1 in the number of total
workyears and an increase of $40,700 in FY 1996 from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund, including the OIG portion of the EPA Working
Capital Fund. Specifically, we request an increase of $22,400 to fully fund our
workyears, and an increase of $18,300 to fund the OIG portion of the EPA Working
Capital Fund.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $596,700 and 7.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the OIG Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
The OIG is expanding its audit and investigative presence in the LUST
program to assist the Agency in accomplishing its goals more efficiently and
effectively and determining the extent that desired results or benefits of the
LUST program are being achieved. The OIG audits and investigations benefit the
Agency's current operations of the LUST program. Performance and financial
audits evaluate the Agency's management of the program and its use of funds.
Also, the OIG is implementing its responsibilities under the Chief Financial
Officers Act, including auditing the Agency's LUST Trust Fund financial
statements. The OIG will also monitor audits of contracts by the Defense
Contract Audit Agency and CPA firms, provide investigative support of audit
activities, and initiate proactive investigative work in vulnerable areas of the
program. Investigations conducted in this program contribute to the quality of
data submitted by laboratories and removal of corrupt officials and corporations
from participation in LUST cleanup activities. Investigative resources are also
used to review grants to identify questionable costs charged by various states,
develop additional program initiatives, and conduct investigations as a result
of audit referrals.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $474,800 and 6.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the OIG Leaking Underground Storage Tank
(LUST) Trust Fund appropriation. The OIG conducted performance and financial
audits to evaluate the management of the program and the use of funds. An audit
completed during the year revealed that many management controls had not been
established and resources necessary were not devoted to fully implement and
operate the LUST program on American Indian lands. At least 75 percent of the
leaking underground tank sites on American Indian lands had not been cleaned up,
including those contaminating drinking water. Another audit disclosed that the
State of Idaho did not give sufficient attention to some LUST sites that posed
the greatest threat to human health and the environment. In addition, the State's
procedures did not ensure that recoveries of all LUST trust funds expended on
sites were obtained from responsible parties.
14-27
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
199S Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
OIL SPILLS RESPONSE 15-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Oil Spill Response Research 15-5
OIL SPILLS-TRUST FUND
OPA - Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention 15-11
OPA - Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention 15-12
ENFORCEMENT
OPA - Enforcement 15-15
OPA - Enforcement Policy and Operations 15-16
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
OPA - Support Services 15-19
Oil Spill Response - Nationwide Support Services 15-20
Oil Spill Response - Headquarters Support Services 15-20
Oil Spill Response - Regional Support Services 15-21
Office of Administrative Law Judges (Oil Pollution Act) .... 15-21
Working Capital Fund - Oil Spills 15-23
Working Capital Fund - Oil Spills 15-24
-------
OIL SPILLS TRUST FUND
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Oil Spills Trust Fund $19,940.6 $23,426.3 $19,953.0 $19,953.0 $23,047.0 $3,094.0 -$379.3
TOTAL. Oil Spills Trust Fund $19,940.6 $23,426.3 $19,953.0 $19,953.0 $23,047.0 $3,094.0 -$379.3
PERMANENT WORKYEARS 74.2 89.8 119.8 118.6 115.8 -2.8 26.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS 78.2 89.8 121.7 120.5 117.7 -2.8 27.9
OUTLAYS $11,305.8 $21,650.0 $20,012.0 $20,012.0 $21,470.0 $1,458.0 -$180.0
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS Authorization by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended by the Oil Pollution Act
of 1990 for such sums as necessary.
15-1
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OIL SPILLS TRUST FUND
DIFFERENCE
PRES. CURRENT
BUDGET ENACTED ESTIMATE ENACTED VS EST. VS EST. VS
1995 1995 1995 PRES. BUD PRES. BUD ENACTED
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Oil Spills Trust Fund $23,426.3 $19,953.0 $19,953.0 -$3,473.3 -$3,473.3
TOTAL, Oil Spills Trust Fund $23,426.3 $19,953.0 $19,953.0 -$3,473.3 -$3,473.3
PERMANENT WORKYEARS 89.8 119.8 118.6 30.0 28.8 -1.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS 89.8 121.7 120.5 31.9 30.7 -1.2
The following points list the major reasons that the dollars devoted to this media have changed from submission
of the President's FY 1995 Budget Request to the FY 1995 Current Estimates.
Program and Research Operations
•o No significant change
Research and Development
o Decrease in oil spills surfactant research resulting from enactment of the 1995 Congressional
appropriation.
Oil Spills
o Congressional action has reduced both the administrative
and programmatic portions of the account.
o Implementation of the Agency's "contractor conversion" initiative has impacted account balances.
15-2
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OIL SPILLS PROGRAM OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Under Section 311 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) , as amended by the Oil
Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA), EPA is responsible for oil spill prevention,
preparedness, response, and enforcement activities associated with
non-transportation-related facilities. EPA has primary responsibility for
implementing many OPA provisions, including the review and approval of facility
response plans, writing and implementing the OPA Liner Study Report to Congress,
establishing and implementing national response preparedness exercises, research
on shore line and inland spills and developing requirements for area contingency
plans.
Additionally, OPA contains provisions that significantly increase EPA's
involvement in responding to and planning for oil spills. The Federal government
(EPA for the inland zone, and the U.S. Coast Guard for the coastal zone) must
ensure the effective and immediate removal of a discharge (or substantial threat
of a discharge) of oil: 1) into or on the navigable waters of the U.S.; 2) into
or on the waters of the exclusive economic zone; and/or 3) that may affect the
natural resources of the U.S.
In carrying out these responsibilities, EPA may remove or arrange the
removal of a discharge or direct/monitor all Federal, State, and private actions
to remove a discharge. If an inland discharge is of such size or character as
to pose a substantial threat to public health or welfare, EPA is required to
direct all public and private efforts to remove the discharge. For all other
inland discharges, EPA has the discretion to take action or direct/monitor
response efforts.
1996 Program Highlights
EPA's first priority in meeting OPA requirements will continue to be
responding to oil spills that effect or threaten U.S. waters. Additionally, EPA
is responsible for several mandates, including reviewing and approving facility
response plans (FRPs), conducting national response drills and exercises, and
implementing the results of the OPA-required liner study. By February 1995, EPA
will have reviewed approximately 4,500 FRPs for facilities that could cause a
substantial harm to the environment. Starting in 1996, these plans will undergo
periodic review on a five-year review cycle.
During FY 1996, the program will implement the recommendations of the
Administrator's Aboveground Oil Storage Tank Workgroup (ASTW). The ASTW
collected information, identified gaps in our knowledge base and authority to
respond to oil pollution, and investigated practical means to address oil
contamination. The ASTW report is currently under final review.
Environmental Goals and Objectives
The Oil Spills program supports the broad Agency goal of prevention of oil
spills and chemical accidents. The program will continue to focus attention on
15-3
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the Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasures (SPCC) program and projects
that relate to the ASTW. The SPCC program includes the inspection of
approximately 2,000 regulated facilities. The ASTW has been concentrating on
defining and resolving the problem of oil leaks from aboveground oil storage
facilities. In 1996, the Agency will focus on implementing the recommendations
of the workgroup. The program also will improve the Area Contingency Plans by
including information in the plans on public and private response resources to
assist in response planning efforts.
Performance Measures
For the Oil Spills, program the critical performance measures are
responding to oil spills that effect or threaten U.S. waters, conducting periodic
reviews of approximately 1,000 FRPs, inspecting approximately 2,000 facilities
through the SPCC program and reducing the potential threat of above ground
storage tank oil releases via implementation of the ASTW recommendations.
In the FY 1993 Chief Financial Officer's (CFO) Report, the Oil Spills
program reported the number of oil facility response plans received and
extensions granted. By the end of FY 1994, over 2,000 plans were received and
are pending final review and approval by EPA. The reviews and approvals will be
completed in FY 1995.
While the review process is ongoing, the Regions continue to conduct SPCC
plan reviews and inspections to ensure compliance with pollution prevention
regulations. Since prevention is a central part of the oil program, the FY 1994
CFO Report counted the number of SPCC plans reviewed and inspections completed.
In FY 994, 23 SPCC Plan reviews were completed and 1,352 SPCC inspections were
conducted.
15-4
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PROGRAM
Oil Spill Response -
Research
Oil Spills Trust Fund
OIL SPILLS TRUST FUND
Oil Spill Response Research
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
TOTAL
$2,140.9
$2,140.9
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$2,078.5
$2,078.5
$1,767.1
$1,767.1
$1,767.1
$1,767.1
$2,076.9
$2,076.9
$309.8
$309.8
-$1.6
-$1.6
TOTAL:
Oil Spills Trust Fund
Oil Spill Response-
Research
$2,140.9 $2,078.5 $1,767.1
TOTAL $2,140.9 $2,078.5 $1,767.1
$1,767.1 $2,076.9 $309.8 -$1.6
$1,767.1 $2,076.9 $309.8 -$1.6
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Oil Spill Response-
Research
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OiI SpiII Response-
Research
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
15-5
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1996
1995
1994
OIL SPILLS LIABILITY TRUST FUND
OIL SPILLS RESEARCH
PRINCIPAL OUTPUTS
Issue final protocols for assessing the efficacy of bioremediation
agents for clean-up of oil spills in open water, beaches, and
marshes.
Complete assessment of the toxicology of oil biodegradation
products.
Publish draft testing protocols for oil bioremediation for beaches
and marshes.
Complete report on the utility of using particular oil fractions or
components as biomarkers for the detection of progress and extent of
oil biodegradation.
Complete report on enhanced biodegradation of crude oil components
as a result of surfactant addition.
Demonstrated the success of bioremediation using a variety of-
fertilizers applied to crude oil on the shore of Fowler Beach,
Delaware.
Published a research report on toxicant generation and removal
during crude oil degradation.
Refined and tested a protocol for evaluating the efficacy of oil
bioremediation products for open water spills.
15-6
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OIL SPILLS RESPONSE
Research
Budget Request
1996 Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,076,900 from the Oil Spills Trust Fund
appropriation and 1.0 workyear for 1996, an increase of $309,800 and no change
in workyears. Of this request, $1,997,100 is for programmatic research and
$79,800 is for Administrative Expenses. This represents an increase of $311,200
programmatic and a decrease of $1,400 to administrative expenses.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $1,767,100 supported by 1.0 total
workyear for this program element, of which $81,200 is for administrative
expenses and $1,685,900 is for the programmatic portion of the appropriation.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $2,140,900 supported by 1.0 total workyear
for this program element, of which $ 64,600 was for administrative expenses and
$2,076,300 was for the programmatic portion of the appropriation. The sections
below describe research program issues by fiscal year.
Research Issues
The Agency's Oil Spills Research program was reactivated as a result of the
Exxon Valdez incident in Alaska's Prince William Sound. Current spill research
is driven by the approved research plan of the Interagency Coordinating Committee
for Oils Spills activities, chaired by the U.S. Coast Guard and created by the
Oil Pollution Act. EPA's responsibilities focus in four areas. They are:
bioremediation, chemical cleanup agents, oily waste disposal, and mechanical
inland cleanup devices. This request provides resources for EPA to pursue two
of these charges, i.e., bioremediation and, to a lesser extent, chemical cleanup
activities.
Bioremediation
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $ 1,957,100 programmatic resources from the
Oil Spills Trust Fund and 1.0 total workyear for 1996, an increase of $271,200
programmatic and no change in workyears. Administrative expenses requirements
supporting the workyears . for this research program can be found within the
Infrastructure Issue of this program element.
Major oil spills have proven very expensive to clean up and have been
exceedingly disruptive to the environment. The spills at Prince William Sound,
15-7
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Alaska, Galveston, Texas, and more recently, at San Juan, Puerto Rico, are
examples.
Basic studies will continue to develop an analytical chemical methodology
so researchers can accurately determine the extent of oil degradation in the
environment. The Agency needs to better understand the oil biodegradation
process and the ecological effects of oil spills so that clean-up efforts from
spills can be approached with full knowledge of the potential efficacy and side
effects of materials used. Scientists are determining through basic studies and
protocol development the toxicology of oil biodegradation products, both to
organisms in the environment and to humans. EPA will continue to work with
industry to find products useful in cleanups and methods to test their efficacy!
Explanation of Change +$271.2K (Oil Spill)
The 1996 request includes an increase to support chemical cleanup agents
through research on surfactants and a small adjustment for bioremediation to
complete protocols for testing commercial bioremediation products specifically
designed for addressing for marches.
1995 Program
Agency researchers are conducting studies to analyze the composition of oil
with respect to its fate and toxicity to organisms in the environment.
Laboratory test systems are being developed that simulate oil spill conditions
in the environment, and analytical methodologies to effectively monitor
bioremediation success are being tested. Research is characterizing the
toxicology of oil components and their degradation products to aquatic organisms
and to other organisms which might be impacted in an oil spill. Scientists are
conducting field tests for beach oil spills.
1994 Accomplishments
Agency scientists completed final testing and data collection for an
interim protocol to evaluate the efficacy of oil bioremediation products for open
water spills. This protocol should be ready for publication during 1995.
Researchers have developed and published a reliable and sensitive bioassay method
for detection of toxic biodegradation products using shrimp. ORD, in conjunction
with the State of Delaware and local authorities in Fowler Beach successfully
demonstrated, through a controlled release of small quantities of crude oil, that
various types of fertilizers could enhance bioremediation of spills on the
coastal shores. Results will be published during 1995.
Innovative Technologies
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $40,000 from the Oils Spills Trust Fund
appropriation and no workyears for 1996, an increase of $40,000.
15-8
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As mandated by Public Law 102-564, the Small Business Innovation Research
Program (SBIR) will allocate 2.0 percent of the Agency's programmatic research
appropriations to support the small businesses engaged in the development of new
technologies and processes for abatement and control of contaminated LUST sites.
The Agency uses this research program to take advantage of unique solutions
invented by the private sector. Because the resources represented by 2.0 percent
of the oil spills program are so small, managers of the program will allow funds
to accumulate over several years in order to support a meaningful project award.
Explanation of Change +$40.OK (Oil Spill)
This increase has been proposed to provide for the Oil Spills Trust Fund
share of the legislative requirements supporting the Small Business Innovation
Research program. This increase is off-set by an identical decrease in oil
spills bioremediation research.
1995 Program
No funds were set aside from the Oil Spills appropriation in the 1995
request to support SBIR. Phase I awards are made at approximately $50,000 each
and Phase II awards are approximately $150,000 each.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency, through a SBIR "Proof of Concept" (Phase 1) award initiated
evaluation of the development of a fouling-resistant ceramic membrane for
treatment of metastable oil/water emulsions. This project is directed at
innovative cleanup technology.
Infrastructure
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $79,800 Oil Spills administrative expenses
for this program element, a decrease of $1,400.
Adequately funded infrastructure is critical to ORD's success in conducting
the quality science needed to assure that the Agency's decisions are
scientifically sound. The most critical part of ORD's infrastructure is its
staff. The assumption underlying all our research activities includes a
productive workforce. This issue contains the salary and travel necessary to
support the workyear identified within the bioremediation issue of this program
element.
Explanation of Change -$1.4K (Oil Spill)
Minor adjustment to Oil Spills Administrative Expenses as a result of
Agency-wide workforce pricing analysis.
15-9
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1995 Program
Funding provided for compensation, benefits, and travel of ORD scientists
and engineers.
1994 Accomplishments
Funding provides for compensation, benefits, and travel of ORD scientists
and engineers.
15-10
-------
OIL SPILLS TRUST FUND
Oil Pollution Act - Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Environmental Emergency
Response & Prevention
Oil Spills Trust Fund $17,156.1 $19,206.1 $16,833.1 $16,833.1 $18,282.6 $1,449.5 -$923.5
TOTAL $17,156.1 $19,206.1 $16,833.1 $16,833.1 $18,282.6 $1,449.5 -$923.5
TOTAL:
Oil Spills Trust Fund $17,156.1 $19,206.1 $16,833.1 $16,833.1 $18,282.6 $1,449.5 -$923.5
Oil Pollution Act - TOTAL $17,156.1 $19,206.1 $16,833.1 $16,833.1 $18,282.6 $1,449.5 -$923.5
Envi ronmentaI
Emergency Response &
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Environmental Emergency 71.8 83.9 112.3 111.1 97.0 -14.1 13.1
Response & Prevention
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 71.8 83.9 112.3 111.1 97.0 -14.1 13.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Environmental Emergency 75.8 83.9 114.2 113.0 98.9 -14.1 15.0
Response & Prevention
TOTAL WORKYEARS 75.8 83.9 114.2 113.0 98.9 -14.1 15.0
15-11
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OIL SPILLS - TRUST FUND
Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,282,600 supported by 98.9 total
workyears from the Oil Spill Response Trust Fund for FY 1996, an increase of
$1,449,500 and a reduction of 14.1 workyears from the FY 1995 level.
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,282,600 supported by 98.9 total
workyears from the Oil Spill Response Trust Fund for FY 1996, an increase of
$1,449,500 and a reduction of 14.1 workyears from the FY 1995 level.
The Agency will be in its sixth year of implementing the Oil Pollution Act
(OPA) of 1990. The oil program provides national management and oversight of oil
spill response activities. The Agency will support field operations through
operational guidance, technical bulletins and demonstrations of response
technologies.
Statutorily mandated periodic review of the facility response plans (FRPs)
will begin in 1996. In 1996, EPA will initiate a staggered review process and
will review approximately 1,000 FRPs. In addition, EPA will conduct Spill
Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) inspections at approximately 2,000
facilities.
The Agency will remain on a 24-hour alert to receive notifications of
accidental releases of petroleum products. EPA will direct, monitor, or
investigate removals at inland oil incidents. Additionally, it will provide-
technical assistance to the U.S. Coast Guard on coastal oil spills when the
Emergency Response Team (ERT) is activated or when requested by the U.S. Coast
Guard. Funding for response actions will continue to be provided on a
reimbursable basis from permanent, indefinite appropriations in the Department
of Transportation. Response actions will be defined in a Memorandum of
Understanding (MOU) between the Coast Guard and EPA.
During 1996, work will continue with the Regions on implementing the
recommendations of the OPA-required Liner Study Report to Congress; conducting
national response drills and exercises; and continuing development of area
contingency plans for specific high risk areas as identified by the Regional
Administrators (RAs). The Agency will also implement the recommendations of the
Above-Ground Storage Tank Workgroup (ASTW).
Explanation of Change - 14.0 FTE + $1,449.5 K (Oil Spill)
A net increase of $1,449,500 and reduction of 14 workyears are reflected
in this request. The net workyear reduction reflects the transfer of regional
enforcement FTE to the enforcement program and a redirection from the SPCC
program and the ASTW project. The net $1,449,500 increase reflects restoration
of the SPCC program and activities related to investigating the problem of leaks
15-12
-------
from Above Ground Storage Tank facilities. During 1996, EPA will focus on
implementing the recommendations/decisions of the workgroup.
An increase of $114,600 has been requested to fund postage and data
processing services to be purchased through the Agency's new Working Capital
Fund. These services were previously provided through a central Agency-wide
support account.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $16,833,100 supported by 113 total
workyears from the Oil Spill Response Trust Fund.
With these resources the Oil program is completing its review of
approximately 4,500-5,000 FRPs in 1995 for facilities that could cause
substantial harm to the environment, maintaining its 24-hour alert status to
receive notifications of accidental releases of petroleum products and other
oils, and directing, monitoring, or conducting removals at inland oil incidents.
Additionally, when the ERT is activated or when requested, the Oil program
is providing technical assistance to the U.S. Coast Guard on coastal oil spills.
Funding for response actions is continuing to be provided on a reimbursable basis
from permanent, indefinite appropriations in the Department of Transportation.
Response actions will be defined in a MOU between the Coast Guard and EPA.
During 1995, EPA will continue work on the area contingency plans for
specific high risk areas. Also in 1995 the ASTW, which is concentrating on
defining and resolving the problem of oil leaks from aboveground oil storage
facilities, will continue its research and data collection. The results will be
used in making recommendations on program direction.
The enforcement component of the program will bring administrative actions
and judicial referrals against facilities for failure to comply with oil
pollution prevention regulations and the new response plan regulations proposed
in February 1993. Administrative and judicial actions will be brought in the
event of oil and hazardous substance spills. Administrative penalties will be
levied for discharges of oil and for violation of the Agency's regulations issued
under Section 311(j). Administrative orders will be issued to compel responsible
parties to remove a discharge or threat of a discharge. Compliance outreach
efforts will continue in order to ensure industry is familiar with the law's
requirements.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $17,156,100 supported by 75.8
total workyears for this program from the Oil Spill Response Trust Fund.
During 1994, the Agency proposed the completed OPA revisions to the
National Contingency Plan (NCP). The revised NCP included requirements for area
contingency plans as well as for how the areas were to be designated. These
plans, when implemented in conjunction with the NCP, should be adequate to remove
15-13
-------
a worst case discharge, and to prevent or mitigate a substantial threat of such
a discharge.
Based on 1993 efforts, Area Committees modified 13 Regional contingency
plans to serve as initial area contingency plans. Modifications included adding
equipment lists and a description of areas at risk. In January, the RAs were
delegated the responsibility to identify other areas and appoint other
subregional committees.
In 1994, the Agency finalized the FRP Regulation, which details how a
facility should comply with the OPA requirements to prepare and submit oil spill
response plans to the Agency. The Regions began to review and approve
approximately 4500 facility response plans submitted by the regulated industry!
The Agency developed outreach materials to assist the regulated community in
preparing facility response plans.
In addition, the Agency continued its work in the bioremediation field.
The Region 6 Bioremediation Implementation Plan was completed and submitted to
the Regional Response Team for inclusion into the Regional Contingency Plan.
Furthermore, the Agency worked to ensure contingency plans include a discussion
of bioremediation.
Regional enforcement efforts under OPA continued. Regional enforcement
resources supported compliance outreach efforts to industry. Administrative
actions were developed against facilities for discharges of oil and hazardous
substances, and violations of the Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures
response plans. Removal orders were negotiated and unilaterally issued. Some
Regions developed civil judicial referrals to the Department of Justice for more
serious spill and regulatory violations. Headquarters enforcement activities
included coordinating enforcement issues with the ten Regions through monthly
conference calls and daily contact; completing work on a penalty policy for
violations of Clean Water Act (CWA) sections 311(b)(3) and 311(j), developing
enforcement training in coordination with the U.S. Coast Guard, and developing
inspection guidance and strategy.
In addition, the Agency monitored oil spill notifications and directed or
monitored on-scene removal activities at major spills. Moreover, the Agency
provided advice and technical guidance to state and local officials and PRPs
involved in spill response; organized and staffed Regional Response Team
meetings; assisted the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) at major
disasters; participated in response and safety training of state and local staff;
and maintained response equipment and facilities. The Environmental Response
Team provided support during field chemical safety audits and at major oil spills
where expertise was needed.
15-14
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PROGRAM
OPA - Enforcement
Policy & Operations
Oil Spills Trust Fund
OIL SPILLS TRUST FUND
Oil Pollution Act - Enforcement
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
TOTAL
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$114.9 $1,296.2 $743.7 $743.7 $1,979.2 $1,235.5 $683.0
$114.9 $1,296.2 $743.7 $743.7 $1,979.2 $1,235.5 $683.0
TOTAL:
Oil Spills Trust Fund
Oil Pollution Act - TOTAL
Technical Support
$114.9 $1,296.2 $743.7
$114.9 $1,296.2 $743.7
$743.7 $1,979.2 $1,235.5 $683.0
$743.7 $1,979.2 $1,235.5 $683.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
OPA - Enforcement
Policy & Operations
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
1.4
1.4
2.0
2.0
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
17.8
17.8
14.2
14.2
15.8
15.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OPA - Enforcement
Policy & Operations
1.4
2.0
3.6
3.6
17.8
14.2 15.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
1.4
2.0
3.6
3.6 17.8
14.2
15.8
15-15
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OIL SPILLS RESPONSE
Enforcement
Budget Request
In 1996, the Agency requests a total of $1,979,200 and 17.8 total workyears
all of which will be for the Oil Spills Liability Trust Fund.
OPA - Enforcement Policy and Operations
1996 Program Request
In 1996, the Agency requests a total of $1,979,200 and 17.8 total
workyears, all of which will be for the Oil Spills Liability Trust Fund. The
majority of the resources for this program are in the Regions, with a small
component at Headquarters.
In 1996, the Headquarters enforcement component will continue coordination
with the Regions to bring administrative action and judicial referrals against
facilities for failure to comply with oil pollution spill prevention control and
countermeasures (SPCC) regulations and response plan regulations including final
facility response plan regulations promulgated in July 1994. In addition, the
Agency will continue to develop enforcement policy and guidance and will review
administrative and judicial cases for national consistency. The Agency will also
enforce cleanups of spills by responsible parties. These resources will also
allow the Agency to coordinate enforcement activities with other federal and
state governmental agencies. The activities contribute toward meeting the
Agency's overarching goal of Prevention of Oil Spills and Chemical Accidents.
In 1996, the enforcement component of the program will continue to bring
administrative actions and judicial referrals against facilities for failure to
comply with oil pollution prevention regulations and response plan regulations.
Administrative and judicial actions will be brought in the event of oil and
hazardous substance spills. Administrative penalties will be levied for
discharges of oil and prohibited hazardous substances and for violations of the
Agency's regulations issued under section 311(j) of the Clean Water Act.
Administrative orders will be issued to compel responsible parties to remove a
discharge or threat of a discharge. Compliance outreach efforts will continue
in order to ensure industry is familiar with the law's requirements.
Explanation of Change +14 FTE +$1,235.5K (Oil Spill)
An increase of 14 workyears reflect the following actions: the transfer
of 8.6 workyears from the Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention program
to the OPA - Enforcement, Policy and Operations program as part: of the continuing
resolution of the enforcement reorganization; and 5.4 workyears for the remaining
resources for contractor conversion. In 1995, the program received a total of
7.0 workyears for contractor conversion. The dollar increase will support the
salaries of the new workyears.
15-16
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1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $743,700 supported by 3.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Oil Spills Liability
Trust Fund.
Headquarters enforcement activities include coordinating enforcement
actions with EPA's Regions, states and other federal agencies, and developing
inspection guidance and strategy. Headquarters enforcement is continuing to
coordinate with the Regions to bring administrative and judicial referrals
against facilities for failure to comply with oil pollution SPCC regulations and
response plan regulations, to develop enforcement policy and guidance, to review
administrative and judicial cases for national consistency, to review regulations
for enforceability and to enforce cleanups of spills by responsible parties.
The regional enforcement component of the program is bringing
administrative actions and judicial referrals against facilities for failure to
comply with oil pollution prevention regulations and response plan regulations.
Administrative and judicial actions are brought in the event of oil and hazardous
substance spills. Administrative penalties are being levied for discharges of
oil and for violations of the Agency's regulations issued under section 311(j).
Administrative orders are issued to compel responsible parties to remove a
discharge or threat of a discharge. Compliance outreach efforts are continuing
in order to ensure industry is familiar with the law's requirements.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency obligated a total of $114,900 and 1.4 total workyears
from the Oil Spills Liability Trust Fund.
By May of 1994, the federal government brought law enforcement actions
against 25 violators of the Oil Pollution Act (OPA) , including 26 EPA
administrative complaints with proposed fines totaling almost $1,000,000. In
addition, two judicial cases were brought by the Department of Justice on behalf
of EPA and the Coast Guard. These actions covered oil and' hazardous substance
discharges from a variety of sources in 13 states, including ships at sea,
pipelines, oil drilling operations, and oil refineries.
15-17
-------
15-18
-------
OIL SPILLS TRUST FUND
Oil Pollution Act - Support Services
PROGRAM
Nationwide Support
Services
Oil Spills Trust Fund
TOTAL
Headquarters Support
Services
Oil Spills Trust Fund
TOTAL
Regional Support
Services
Oil Spills Trust Fund
TOTAL
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges - OPA
Oil Spills Trust Fund
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Oil Spills Trust Fund
Oil Pollution Act - TOTAL
Support Services
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Nationwide Support
Services
Headquarters Support
Services
Regional Support
Services
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges - OPA
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Nationwide Support
Services
Headquarters Support
Services
Regional Support
Services
ACTUAL PRES. ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE INCREASE
1994 BUDGET 1995 ESTIMATE 1996 DECREASE DECREASE
1995 1995 1996 REQ 1996 REQ
VS VS
1995 CE 1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$483.2 $484.9 $501.2 $501.2 $468.6 -$32.6 -$16.3
$483.2 $484.9 $501.2 $501.2 $468.6 -$32.6 -$16.3
$45.3 $45.1 $59.1 $59.1 $78.4 $19.3 $33.3
$45.3 $45.1 $59.1 $59.1 $78.4 $19.3 $33.3
$2 $29.6 $29.9 $29.9 $29.6 -$3
$2 $29.6 $29.9 $29.9 $29.6 -$3
$285.9 $18.9 $18.9 -$18.9 -$285.9
$285.9 $18.9 $18.9 -$18.9 -$285.9
$528.7 $845.5 $609.1 $609.1 $576.6 -$32.5 -$268.9
$528.7 $845.5 $609.1 $609.1 $576.6 -$32.5 -$268.9
2.9 2.9 2.9 . -2.9 -2.9
2.9 2.9 2.9 -2.9 -2.9
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges - OPA
TOTAL WORKYEARS
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
-2.9 -2.9
-2.9 -2.9
15-19
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OIL SPILL RESPONSE
Management and Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $576,600 for the Oil Spills Response
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $32,500 and 2.9 workyears from
1995.
Nationwide Support Services
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $468,600 all for the Oil Spills Response
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $32,600 from 1995. These resources
will provide the Oil Spills Response program's payments for GSA rent and direct
leases costs.
Explanation Of Change -$32.6K (Oil Spill)
The decrease reflects the program's share of the Agency's procurement
savings.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $501,200 for this program, all of which
is from the Oil Spill Response appropriation. These resources provide the Oil
Spills Response program's payments for GSA rent and direct leases.
1994 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $483,200 in 1994 for this program. These
resources are located under the Management and Support media.
Headquarters Support Services
1996 Request
The Agency requests a total of $78,400 all for the Oil Spill Response
appropriation. This represents an increase of $19,300 from 1995. These
resources will provide quality Headquarters Support Services at EPA's Washington,
DC, RTP, and Cincinnati Offices. These services include operation of the motor
pool, printing and copying, facilities operations and maintenance.
Explanation Of Change +$19.3K (Oil Spill)
The increase reflects mandatory contract rate increases.
15-20
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1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $59,100, all for the Oil Spill Response
appropriation. These resources provide quality Headquarters Support Services at
EPA's Washington, DC, RTP, and Cincinnati Offices. These services include
security, printing and copying, facilities operations and maintenance.
FY 1994 Accomplishments
The 1994 obligations totalled $45,300 and are located under the Management
and Support media.
Regional Support Services
1996 Request
The Agency is requesting $29,600, all for the Oil Spill Response
appropriation. This represents an decrease of $300 from 1995. These resources
will provide the ten Regional Offices with basic support services including
printing and copying, minicomputer operations, utilities, mail, telephone,
library operations, general training, office and laboratory facility maintenance,
and technical support.
Explanation of Change -$.3K (Oil Spill)
The level of funding continues to support those initiatives from FY 1995
and the reduction supports the establishment of the Working Capital Fund.
1995 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $29,900, all for the Oil Spill Response
appropriation. These resources provide the ten Regional Offices with basic
support services including printing and copying, minicomputer operations,
utilities, mail, telephone, library operations, general training, office and
laboratory facility maintenance, and technical support.
1994 Program
The Agency obligated a total of $200, all for the Oil Spill Response
appropriation. These resources provided general support services.
Administrative Law Judges - OPA
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program,. This represents a
decrease of $18,900 and 2.9 workyears from 1995.
15-21
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Explanation of Change - 2.9 FTE -$18.9K (Oil Spill)
The demands of The Oil Spill Act never impacted the Administrative Law
Judges staff; therefore resources for 1996 are not necessary. Resources have
been shifted to other Agency offices that have more demanding Oil Spill
workloads. A commensurate shift of workyears have been converted to Program and
Research Operations workyears and granted to the Administrative Law Judges.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is allocating a total of $18,900 supported by 2.9
total workyears for this Office, all of which is from the Program and Research
Operations appropriation.
1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, this Office obligated no resources for the Oil Spill Program.
15-22
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OIL SPILLS TRUST FUND
Working Capital Fund - Oil Spill
ACTUAL
1994
PRES.
BUDGET
1995
ENACTED
1995
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1995
REQUEST
1996
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 CE
INCREASE
DECREASE
1996 REQ
VS
1995 PB
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Working Capital Fund -
Oil Spill
Oil Spills Trust Fund
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Oil Spills Trust Fund
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
$131.7
$131.7
$131.7
$131.7
$131.7
$131.7
$131.7
$131.7
$131.7
Working Capital Fund -
Oil Spill
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Working Capital Fund -
Oil Spill
TOTAL WORKYEARS
15-23
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OIL SPILLS
Working Capital Fund - Oil Spill Response
1996 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $131,700 for this program, all of which will
be for the Regions.
This request provides for postage and data processing services previously
funded under an Agency-wide support account. Postage dollars will fund program
postage costs that provide all routine, day-to-day postal services and includes
regular U.S. Mail First, Third, and Fourth Class mail, Post Office Express Mail,
two-day priority mail, registered and certified mail and pouch mail; Federal
Express overnight mail and United Parcel Service shipments. The request will
provide for annualization of the February, 1995 postal rate increase of 10.3%.
The request also provides for on-going data processing and telecommunication
services for this Program. These services are classified into five cost centers;
Enterprise Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop Services, Technical
Consulting Services, and Scientific Computing Services. Resources will provide
the Program's share of depreciation of capital assets, increased service costs,
additional mainframe capacity, investments in network services, and investments
in technical consulting services.
Explanation of Change +$131.7 K (Oil Spill)
No funds were requested in this account for 1995. Funds for these Regional
costs were previously provided through a centralized, Agency-wide support
account.
1995 Program
No resources are provided under this account in 1995.
1994 Accomplishments
No resources were provided under this account in 1994.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
NON APPROPRIATED FUNDS 16-1
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-------
NON-APPROPRIATED FUNDS
TOLERANCE REVOLVING FUND
Program Description
The statutory authority for the Tolerance Revolving Fund was placed in the
Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) in 1963. The Environmental
Protection Agency is charged with administration of section 408 of the FFDCA.
Section 408 authorizes EPA to establish tolerance levels and exemptions from the
requirements for tolerances for pesticide residues on raw agricultural
commodities. Section 408 also requires the Agency to collect fees sufficient to
cover the costs of processing petitions for these pesticide commodities. Title
40 CFR Part 180 provides the procedures for collection of the fees. These fees
are deposited into a revolving fund and are available to the Agency upon receipt.
Obligations against the fund are made directly. For this reason, the Agency does
not request dollars from the fund in the President's Budget.
The fees are increased annually based on the increase in the GS pay raise.
The fees are paid by the company or registrant requesting establishment of a
permanent or temporary pesticide tolerance (approved residue). These fees are
paid at the time of the request and work is not begun until verification of the
fees receipt is made.
There are some specific tolerance activities that are not covered by the
fees, and therefore are paid by appropriated funds. These activities are section
409 tolerances, Inter-Regional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) requests for
minor use tolerances, financial hardship or public interest cases, and Agency-
initiated actions such as tolerance revocations for canceled pesticide
registrations.
Budget Request
Fee receipts are deposited into a revolving fund and are available to the
Agency upon receipt. For this reason, the Agency does not request dollars from
the fund in the President's Budget. Estimated fee earnings under the current fee
structure are $1,500,000 in 1996.
1996 Program Highlights
In 1996, the Agency will continue base activities associated with the
establishment of tolerances for pesticide residues in or on food or feed crops
in the United States. The tolerance program establishes safe and enforceable
maximum permissible residue levels (or, in some instances, exemptions from
tolerance requirements) for both active and inert pesticide ingredients in or on
raw agricultural commodities. The Agency will continue to ensure that tolerances
reflect the most current regulatory status of each active ingredient, including
revocation of tolerances on canceled pesticides. The Agency expects to conduct
330 tolerance petition reviews in 1996.
16-1
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1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency is continuing base activities associated with the
establishment of tolerances for pesticide residues in or on food or feed crops
in the United States. The tolerance program established safe and enforceable
maximum pesticide residue levels (or, in some instances, exemptions from
tolerance requirements) for both active and inert pesticide ingredients in or on
raw agricultural commodities and processed foods. The Agency will continue to
ensure that tolerances reflect the most current regulatory status of each active
ingredient, including revocation of tolerances or canceled pesticides. The
Agency expects to conduct 280 tolerance petition reviews and 60 temporary
tolerance petition reviews in 1995.
1994 Accomplishments
The review of tolerance petitions continued in 1994. The Agency conducted
391 tolerance petition reviews and 82 temporary tolerance petitions reviews. The
Agency continued to ensure that tolerances reflect the most current regulatory
status of each active ingredient, including revocation of tolerances on canceled
pesticides. Tolerance fees were increased in 1994 by the 4.3% increase in the
General Schedule pay raise.
16-2
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FIFRA REVOLVING FUND
Program Description
The 1988 Amendments to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
Act (FIFRA '88) required the Agency to review and reregister all pesticides that
were registered before November 1984. EPA has made substantial progress in
implementing FIFRA '88. The Agency has met several statutorily-set deadlines,
such as listing of active ingredients (Lists A-D), processing of registrants'
declarations of intent to pursue reregistration, and issuance of guidelines for
determining the adequacy of previously conducted scientific studies on
pesticides. In 1991, EPA began issuing Reregistration Eligibility Decisions
(REDs). With the passing of the 1988 FIFRA Amendments, Congress directed EPA to
carry out reregistration in five phases.
Phase I, required that the Agency develop four lists (A, B, C, and D) of
chemicals, focusing on those chemicals with the highest potential for exposure.
List A chemicals are those for which EPA had issued Registration Standards
prior to December 24, 1988. These are primarily food use chemicals and represent
approximately 85-90 percent of the total volume of agricultural pesticides
currently used in the United States. Because the List A pesticides are those to
which people and the environment are most exposed, they are the Agency's highest
priority for reregistration review.
List B, C, and D chemicals contain a mix of many types of pesticides
(insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, disinfectants, wood preservatives, etc.)
used in a variety of settings. Each list consists of pesticides with less
potential for broad scale human exposure than those on the preceding list. Most
of the registered microbial and biochemical pesticides are included on List D.
Phase II, required that registrants declare whether they intended to seek
reregistration of their products. If so, they had to notify the Agency, identify
applicable data requirements and missing studies, commit to submitting or
replacing inadequate studies and pay the first installment of the reregistration
fee. Phase II activities were completed in 1990.
During Phase III, the registrants submitted, reformatted and summarized
studies, flagged studies that indicated adverse effects, and paid the final
installment of the reregistration fee. Phase III activities were completed in
October, 1990.
Phase IV required that the Agency review all Phase II and III submissions
and determine independently whether all applicable data requirements are actually
satisfied, and if not, require registrants to complete any unfulfilled data
requirements. Phase IV was completed for all but two chemicals by September
1993.
In Phase V, the Agency must conduct a comprehensive review of all the
studies submitted in support of an active ingredient; decide whether pesticide
products containing the active ingredient are eligible for reregistration and if
so, under what conditions; decide whether product studies are needed, and if so
16-3
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obtain these studies; and reregister products after issuing a RED or taking
appropriate regulatory action.
Budget Request
The 1988 amendments to FIFRA required the Agency to review and reregister
all pesticides that were registered before November, 1984. To support this work,
two types of fees were established on the pesticide industry, Federal, state and
local governments: (1) a reregistration fee; and (2) an annual maintenance fee.
Fee receipts are deposited into a "revolving" fund, available to the Agency
without annual appropriation. For this reason, the Agency .does not request
dollars from the fund in the President's Budget. The Agency continues to fund
part of the reregistration program through the appropriated base as well.
1996 Program Highlights
The Agency's emphasis on pesticide reregistration will continue in 1996,
and is reflected in the appropriated budget request. In addition to appropriated
resources, additional resources provided by the FIFRA Revolving Fund will support
completion of 43 REDs. As data gathered through the reregistration process
continues through review, the Agency expects that some pesticides will be found
to meet the triggers for special reviews. The projected number of special
reviews for 1996 is eight.
The issuance of REDs include a review of the final data and a decision to
reregister the pesticide or take other action. Activities associated with RED
production include-identifying candidates, with food use chemicals a priority;
reviewing databases; and writing, reviewing, and revising REDs. Identification
of tiered data requirements, review of toxicology CORT studies (chronic feeding,
oncogenicity, reproduction, and teratology studies) and section 6(a)(2) adverse
effect data submissions will continue to be a priority in the study reviews..
Science reviews of studies will be conducted and summaries will be produced.
Follow-up to Data Call-Ins (DCIs), will be conducted. After the RED is issued,
reregistration reviews and decisions will continue at the product level within
each reregistration case.
The Administration supports increasing and extending reregistration fees
(deposited in the FIFRA Revolving Fund) into 1998 and 1999 so that the
manufacturers of pesticide products will continue to bear a fair share of the
costs of ensuring that up-to-date scientific methods have been used to determine
that the proper use of their products will not pose an unreasonable risk of
adverse effects to human health or the environment.
1995 Program
In 1995, the Agency anticipates completion of 40 REDs, As data gathered
through the reregistration process continues through review, the Agency expects
that some pesticides will continue to meet the triggers for special reviews. The
projected number of special reviews for 1995 is eight.
16-4
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1994 Accomplishments
In 1994, the Agency completed 34 REDs and conducted eight special reviews.
16-5
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16-6
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
USER FEES 17-1
-------
STATUS OF EPA USER FEE PROGRAM
The Agency currently has five ongoing user fee programs and is proposing
three new fees in FY 1996. The programs are as follows.
Fees Currently Being Collected
o Pre-Manufacture Notice Fee
This fee has been collected since FY 1989 and is for the review and
processing of new chemical pre-manufacture notices (PMN). It is paid by
chemical companies at the time of submission of the PMN for review by the
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances. PMN fees are
authorized by the Toxic Substances Control Act and contain a cap on the
amount the Agency may charge for a PMN review. The Agency plans to
initiate a review of its fees in accordance with the biennial review
provisions of the Chief Financial Officers Act. Receipts of $3.0 million
are expected in FY 1996.
o • Pesticide Reregistration Fee and Maintenance Fee
In 1988, Congress amended the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act and mandated the accelerated reregistration of all
products registered prior to November 1, 1984. Congress authorized the
collection of two kinds of fees to supplement appropriated funds for the
Reregistration Program - a one time Reregistration Fee and an annual
Maintenance Fee. The fees are assessed on the manufactures of the active
ingredients in pesticide products and are based on the manufacturer's
share of the market for the active ingredient. Reregistration Fees
expired in FY 1992, however the Agency is proposing to again collect fees
for the reregistration of pesticides in FY 1996. Maintenance Fees are
still assessed on registrants of pesticide products and are structured to
collect $14.0 million per fiscal year. The Agency plans to initiate a
review of its fees in accordance with the biennial review provisions of
the Chief Financial Officers Act. The President's Budget proposes
increasing existing reregistration fees and extending the maintenance fees
by two years to accelerate the Reregistration program.
o Pesticide Tolerance Fee
A tolerance is the maximum legal limit of a pesticide residue on food
commodities and animal feed. In 1954, Congress authorized the collection
of fees for the establishment of tolerances for raw agricultural
commodities. The specific authority is contained in the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act. These fees supplement appropriated funds for the
Tolerance Program and are changed annually by the same percentage change
in the Federal General Schedule pay scale. The Agency plans to initiate
17-1
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a review of its fees in accordance with the biennial review provisions of
the Chief Financial Officers Act. Receipts of $1.5 million are expected
in FY 1996.
Motor Vehicle and Engine Compliance Program Fee
This fee is managed by the Office of Air and Radiation and is authorized
by the Clean Air Act of 1990. Fee collection began in August 1992. The
fee is imposed on manufacturers of light-duty vehicles, light and heavy
trucks, and motorcycles and covers certifying new engines and vehicles,
compliance monitoring for new engines and vehicles, and compliance
monitoring of in-use engines and vehicles. The Agency plans to initiate
a review of its fees in accordance with the biennial review provisions of
the Chief Financial Officers Act. Receipts of $11.2 million are expected
in FY 1996, of which $9.0 million is deposited in EPA's Environmental
Services Fund and $2.2 million is deposited in the general fund of the
Treasury.
Radon Proficiency and Testing Fee
In FY 1994, the Office of Radon Programs developed two fees, one for the
training of radon abatement contractors and the other for the
certification of radon measurement devices. These fees are specifically
authorized by the Indoor Radon Abatement Act and are designed to recover
the cost to the Agency of its training and certification programs. The
Agency plans to initiate a review of its fees in accordance with the
biennial review provisions of the Chief Financial Officers Act. Receipts
of $1.5 million are expected in FY 1996.
New Fees
Pesticide Registration
The President's Budget proposes reinstatement of pesticide registration
fees that were suspended by Congress in 1988. These fees would be
deposited into the Environmental Services account, and be available for
appropriation to the PRO and AC&C account solely for the purpose of
supporting the Agency's pesticide registration activities. Through such
fees, manufacturers of new pesticide products share the cost of ensuring
that authorized uses of these products do not pose an unreasonable risk to
human health or the environment. This dedicated funding source, subject
to congressional appropriation, will help to ensure that sufficient
resources are available to support timely review of new products, and will
allow the Agency to better serve the needs of all affected parties. Under
this proposal, the authorizing committee would authorize the fees subject
to further Appropriations Committee action on language to be transmitted
later. Appropriations Committee action is needed to score the fees as
discretionary under the Budget Enforcement Act. There is a potential to
collect approximately $15.0 million in 1996 under this proposal.
17-2
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National Pollution Discharge and Elimination System (NPDES) Fee
A regulation is being developed to implement a requirement of the Omnibus
Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 to collect $10.0 million in fees for EPA
issued NPDES permits in non-delegated states. EPA expects to collect
$10.0 million in FY 1996.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Fees
The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 requires EPA to assess and
collect fees for services. The Agency will develop a regulation requiring
a fee for processing hazardous waste export notifications and RCRA handler
notifications. The fee will be designed to recover costs associated with
document processing and will pose a minimal economic burden on the
regulated community, while requiring minor administrative adjustments
within the Agency. The Agency projects initial revenues from these fees
to be approximately $2.4 million per year. Agency authority to collect
these fees is provided under the Independent Offices Appropriations Act of
1951.
17-3
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1996 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
ADMINISTRATIVE CEILINGS 18-1
-------
EPA Administrative Ceiling and R&D Operating Expense Data
R&D
The 1996 President's Budget requests $88,868,800, an increase of
$33,868,800 from 1995, for laboratory and headquarters operating expenses in the
Research and Development account. These resources are based on the Congressional
operating expense definition, not the global definition used in other accounts.
93% of this increase results from the establishment of the Agency's Working
Capital Fund (WCF). The operating expense request supports three components:
o Headquarters expenses fund operational expenses in ORD's headquarters
offices, including supplies, materials, equipment, training, printing,
ORD-wide data systems, automated data processing services, and other
support services.
o Laboratory expenses fund specialized supplies and materials, scientific
and technical equipment, ADP support and services, facilities expenses,
facilities repair and improvement projects under $75,000, scientific,
engineering, and technical support training, and other support services.
o The Agency, through the Working Capital Fund staff and WCF Advisory Group,
has established a Working Capital Fund for computer operations and mail
postal services provided at EPA. Resources represent ORD's portion of
these service costs.
Computer operations are those services providing on-going data
processing and telecommunication services supporting ORD, formerly
funded through NDPD. These services are classified into five cost
centers: Enterprise Computing Services, Network Services, Desktop
Services, Technical Consulting Services, and Scientific Computing
Services.
Mail postage services represent those resources necessary to cover
base postage costs for routine, day-to-day U.S. Postage Services and
includes regular First, Third and Fourth Class mail, Post Office
Express Mail, two-day priority mail, registered and certified mail;
Federal Express overnight mail and United Parcel Service shipments.
The increase in 1996 reflects resources supporting: 1) ORD's portion of the
Agency's Working Capital Fund. This does not represent new R&D activities within
ORD, but a continuation of services which were formerly funded through AC&C; and
2) Implementation of recommendations made as a result of ORD's Laboratory Study.
18-1
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Object Class
Program Expenses
Operating Expenses
Program Contracts
Administrative
Contracts
Working Capital Fund,
Administrative
Total
FY 1995
Current
Estimate
25,880.1
9,978.5
9,022.8
10,118.6
0.0
55,000.0
FY 1996
President's
Budget
27,518.7
9,441.1
9,864.8
10,398.5
31 , 645 . 7
88,868.8
Difference
FY 1996 vs.
FY 1995
1,638.6
-537.4
842.0
279.9
31,645.7
33,868.8
18-2
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EPA Administrative and Operating Expense Ceiling Data
AC&C
The 1996 President's Budget requests $322,064,300, an increase of
$17,341,800 from 1995, for administrative and operating expenses in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance Account. The AC&C administrative and operating
expense ceiling funds basic supplies, such as personal computers, desks, pens and
pencils, as well as infrastructure needs for three-fourths of the Agency's
workforce. The ceiling is comprised of three components: "support related
costs," "other costs," and "working capital fund administrative costs."
These components are discussed below:
Support
The 1996 President's Budget contains $224.9 million for AC&C Agency-wide
administrative expense support services, $153.8 million in Operating Expenses and
$71.1 million in Administrative Contracts. Support services include: Nationwide
Support for rent and direct leases, FTS, and postage; Headquarters Support for
facilities operations and maintenance, security, and utilities; ADP Support for
ADP mainframe and other ADP related support to the Agency; Regional Support that
provides the Regional Offices with necessary support services; and Professional
Training for training and development to professional, technical, and support
staff.
o Agencywide support services resources reflect a net decrease from FY
1995 levels, because resources supporting the Agency's data
processing and postage activities have been distributed to the
program offices as part of the establishment of the Working Capital
Fund (WCF).
o The resources for agencywide support services includes funding
mandatory support increases of $11 million for cost escalations in
such items as rent and direct leases paid to GSA in Headquarters and
the Regions.
o However, the Agency did reduce its discretionary support budget to
partially absorb these mandatory increases.
Other Costs
The only major increase in this area is requested for the Information
Resources Management Strategic Plan. This investment will allow the Agency to
improve public access to EPA's information to strengthen their understanding and
ability to protect the environment and human health.
Working Capital Fund
In addition, to these resources, the Agency's Operating Expense Ceiling now
includes resources in new object classes for the WCF. The administrative
resources in the WCF total $34.4 million. In 1996, the working capital fund
supports Agencywide postage costs, as well as data processing and
telecommunication services.
18-3
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Object Class
Operating Expenses
Administrative
Contracts
Working Capital Fund,
Administrative
Total
FY 1995
Current
Estimate
203,218.9
101,503.6
0.0
304,722.5
FY 1996
President's
Budget
176,434.1
111,183.5
34,446.7
322,064.3
Difference
FY 1996
vs .
FY 1995
-26,784.8
9,679.9
34,446.7
17,341.8
18-4
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EPA Administrative and Operating Expense Ceiling Data
SUPERFUND
The FY 1996 President's Budget requests $358,966,700, an increase of $50,966,700
from 1994, for Superfund administrative expenses. Superfund administrative
expenses are comprised of resources in the PC&B, Travel, Operating Expenses,
Administrative Contracts and the Administrative Working Capitol Fund object
classes. The increase from 1995 to 1996 is primarily due to increases in
workforce funding and support service costs.
The FY 1996 President's Budget requests $261,145,100, an increase of $27,515,700
from 1995, for Personnel, Compensation and Benefits (PC&B) costs in the Superfund
account. More than half of the administrative ceiling increase in Superfund is
due to PC&B increases. The growth in Superfund PC&B is due to a number of
factors: (1) a full year of funding of the Agency's contractor conversion
initiative; (2) the annualization of locality pay; and (3) estimated growth for
retirement, benefits and other payroll costs.
The 1996 President's Budget requests $12,295,700, an increase of $920,000 from
1995 for Travel in the Superfund program. A major reason for the increase in
travel is the full year of funding for the contractor conversion initiative.
The FY 1996 President's Budget requests $50,359,700, an increase of $9,165,800
from 1995, for Operating Expenses in the Superfund account. The increase in
Operating Expenses has been provided to cover increases in such mandatory costs
as; rent, direct lease payments, utilities expenses, and building security. In
order to offset these increases in mandatory costs, the Agency has disinvested
in such discretionary support activities as copier services and management
oversight.
The 1996 Budget includes $28,690,400 an increase of $6,889,400 for Administrative
Contract support. Administrative Contracts include but are not limited to,
computer and LAN support contracts, as well as, general staff-related
occupational health and safety work. The increase from 1995 supports an Agency-
wide initiative to improve technologies that will enhance access, and integration
of EPA information throughout the Agency and the States.
The President's Budget includes $6,475,800 for Working Capitol Fund (WCF)
administrative support. After a pilot implementation of the WCF in 1995, the
Agency will fully establish the fund so that each office will have more control
over the amount and type of services they receive. The WCF is a revolving fund
designed to offer flexibility and better management practices. In 1996, the WCF
will be used to provide, data processing, telecommunication, and postage
services.
18-5
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Object Class
Personal Compensation and
Benefits
Personal Travel
Operating Expenses
Administrative
Contracts
* Working Capital Fund,
Adminis tr ative
Total
FY 1995
Current
Estimate
233,629.4
11,375.7
41,193.9
21,801.0
308,000.0
FY 1996
President's
Budget
261,145.1
12,295.7
50,359.7
28,690.4
6,475.8
358,966.7
Difference
FY 1995
vs .
FY 1996
27,515.7
920.0
9,165.8
6,889.4
6,475.8
50,966.7
^Working Capital Fund resources are included in Expenses and Contracts in
FY 1995 current estimate.
18-6
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EPA Administrative and Operating Expense Ceiling Data
OIL SPILLS
The FY 1996 President's Budget requests $8,909,100, an increase of $489,100 from
1995, for Oil Spills administrative expenses. Oil Spills administrative expenses
are comprised of resources in the PC&B, Travel, Operating Expenses,
Administrative Contracts and the Administrative Working Capitol Fund object
classes. The increase from 1995 to 1996 is principally due to fully funding
workforce and contractor conversion costs.
The FY 1996 President's Budget requests $7,535,900, an increase of $718,900 from
1995, for Personnel, Compensation and Benefits (PC&B) costs in the Oil Spills
account. The growth in Oil Spills PC&B is due to the annualization of locality
pay to account for cost of living adjustments, and fully funding the Agency's
contractor conversion workyears. Expected growth for retirement, benefits and
other payroll costs have been applied to the total PC&B costs.
The 1996 President's Budget requests $440,300, an increase of $3,500 from 1995,
for Travel in the Oil Spills program. Travel resources have increased primarily
due to full funding of contractor conversion personnel.
The FY 1996 President's Budget requests $710,400, a decrease of $246,300 from
1995, for Operating Expenses in the Oil Spills account. Operating Expenses
include, rent, utilities, facility operations and maintenance, building security,
and printing. The decrease in the Oil Spills Operating Expenses is largely due
to a redirection of resources to fully fund PC&B.
The 1996 Budget includes $209,500, a decrease of $159,600, for Administrative.
Contract support. Administrative Contracts include, but are not limited to,
computer and LAN support contracts, equipment maintenance, and general staff-
related occupational health and safety work. The decrease from 1995 is largely
due to a redirection of resources to fully fund PC&B.
The President's Budget includes $172,600 for Working Capitol Fund (WCF)
administrative support. After a pilot implementation of the WCF in 1995, the
Agency will fully establish the fund so that each office will have more control
over the amount and type of services they receive. The WCF is a revolving fund
designed to offer flexibility and better management practices. In 1996, the WCF
will provide on-going data processing and telecommunication services, as well as,
resources to pay for postage costs.
18-7
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Object Class
Personal Compensation and
Benefits
Personal Travel
Operating Expenses
Administrative
Contracts
* Working Capital Fund,
Administrative
Total
FY 1995
Current
Estimate
6,817.0
436.8
956.7
209.5
8,420.0
FY 1996
President's
Budget
7,535.9
440.3
710.4
49.9
172.6
8,909.1
Difference
FY 1995
vs .
FY 1996
718.9
3.5
-246.3
-159.6
172.6
489.1
^Working Capital Fund resources are included in Expenses arid Contracts in
FY 1995 current estimate.
18-8
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EPA Administrative and Operating Expense Ceiling Data
LUST
The FY 1996 President's Budget requests $9,205,500, an increase of $1,133,900
from 1995, for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) administrative
expenses. The LUST administrative ceiling is comprised of resources in the PC&B,
personal Travel, Operating Expenses, Administrative Contracts and the
Administrative Working Capitol Fund object classes. The increase from 1995 to
1996 is due to workforce funding and support service costs.
The FY 1996 President's Budget requests $6,558,900 an increase of $481,700 from
1995, for Personnel, Compensation and Benefits (PC&B) costs in the LUST account.
The growth in LUST PC&B is due to the annualization of locality pay to account
for cost of living adjustments. Expected growth for retirement, benefits and
other payroll costs has been applied to the total PC&B costs.
The 1996 President's Budget requests $795,200, a decrease of $107,200 from 1995
for personal Travel in the LUST program. The decrease in Travel is not
reflecting a tap for FACA travel in 1995; therefore, the actual decrease to LUST
Travel reflects a corresponding decrease of one FTE.
The FY 1996 President's Budget requests $860,200, an increase of $51,400 from
19.95, for Operating Expenses in the LUST account. The increase in the LUST
Operating Expenses is largely due to an escalation in rent and support cost.
Operating Expenses include, rent, utilities, facility operations and maintenance,
building security, and printing services.
The 1996 Budget includes $820,200, an increase of $537,000, for Administrative
Contract support. The increase is due to cost escalations in such support
services as security, ADP, printing, and training. This increase also supports
an Agency-wide initiative to improve technologies that will enhance access, and
integration of EPA information throughout the Agency and the States.
The President's Budget includes $171,000 for Working Capitol Fund (WCF)
administrative support. After a pilot implementation of the WCF in 1995, the
Agency will fully establish the fund so that each office will have more control
over the amount and type of services they receive. The WCF is a revolving fund
designed to offer more flexibility and better management practices. In 1996,
the WCF will provide on-going data processing and telecommunication services, as
well as, resources to fund postage costs.
18-9
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Object Class
Personal Compensation and
Benefits
Personal Travel
Operating Expenses
Administrative
Contracts
* Working Capital Fund,
Administrative
Total
FY 1995
Current
Estimate
6,077.2
902.4
808.8
283.2
8,071.6
FY 1996
President's
Budget
6,558.9
795.2
860.2
820.2
171.0
9,205.5
Difference
FY 1995
vs.
FY 1996
481.7
-107.2
51.4
537.0
171.0
1,133.9
* Working Capital Fund resources are included in Expenses and Contracts in
FY 1995 current estimate.
18-10
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1995 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SPECIAL ANALYSES
EPA ORGANIZATIONAL CHART 19-1
EPA REGIONAL OFFICES - LOCATIONS 19-2
OBJECT CLASSIFICATION - BY APPROPRIATION 19-3
PERMANENT POSITIONS BY GRADE - BY APPROPRIATION 19-7
AVERAGE GRADE AND SALARY 19-16
SUMMARY OF STATE GRANTS 19-17
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Administrative Law Judges
, •. Civil Rights , ;
Cooperative Environmental
'..--. Management
Environmental Appeals
'•'•, '• Board
Executive Secretariat- '•.
Executive Support Office
Pollution Prevention Policy
Science Advisory Board
Small and Disadvantagod
• • Business Utilization
Administrator
Deputy Administrator
Assistant Administrator
• for Administration and
Resources Management
Assistant Administrator
for Air and Radiation
Assistant Administrator
for Enforcement and •
Compliance Assurance
Assistant Administrator.
for Policy, Planning
and Evaluation
Assistant Administrator
for Prevention, Pesticides
1 and Toxic Substances
Associate Administrator for Communication,
Education, and Public Affairs
• Associate Administrator for • • •
Congressional and Legislative Affairs '
Associate Administrator for Regional
Operations'and State/Local Relations
General Counsel
Inspector General
Assistant Administrator
for International Activities
Assistant Administrator
• for Research and
Development •
Assistant Administrator
for Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
Assistant Administrator
for Water
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGIONS
Location and States
Region I Headquarters, Boston, Massachusetts
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode
Island, Vermont
Region II Headquarters, New York. New York
New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Region III Headquarters, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania,
Virginia, West Virginia
Region IV Headquarters, Atlanta, Georgia
. Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee
Region V Headquarters, Chicago. Illinois
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin
\
Region VI Headquarters, Dallas, Texas
Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas
Region VII Headquarters, Kansas City, Kansas
Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska
Region VIII Headquarters, Denver, Colorado
Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming
Region IX Headquarters, San Francisco, California
Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, American Samoa, Guam,
Trust Territories of Pacific Islands, Northern Mariana
Islands
Region X ~ Headquarters, Seattle, Washington
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington
19-2
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Object Classifications
Direct Obligations
(dollars in thousands)
Actual
1994
President's
Budget
199S
Current
Estimate
1995
Request
1996
Increase/Decrease'
1996 Request vs. I
1995 Current Est.!
Program and Research Operations
Personnel Services
Other Objects:
21.0 Travel and transportation of persons
Subtotal, direct obligation
Subtotal, reimbursable obligations
TOTAL OBLIGATIONS
5826,752.0 $932,702.0
$22,200.0
5848,952.0
10,320.0
5859,272.0
$30,554.0
5963,256.0
25,000.0
5988,256.0
$893,274.0
$28,726.0
5922,000.0
25,000.0
$984,180.0
$33,118.0
51,017,298.0
25,000.0
5947,000.0 51,042,298.0
S90.906.0
$4,392.0
595,298.0
0.0
595,298.0
Office of Inspector General
Personnel Services $16,202.0 $19,802.0 $20,261.0 $23,032.0 $2,771.0
Other Objects:
21.0 Travel and transportation of persons $1,092.0 $1,413.0 $1,230.0 $1,521.0 $291.0
22.0 Transportation of things 28.0 16.0 27.0 8.0 (19.0)
23.1 Rental payments to GSA. 1,752.0 2,227.0 2,120.0 2,334.0 214.0
23.2 Rental payments to others 1.0 205.0 1.0 0.0 (1.0)
23.3 Communications, utilities and misc. charges 141.0 37.0 140.0 43.0 (97.0)
24.0 Printing and reproduction. 16.0 2.0 16.0 5.0 (11-0)
25.1 Advisory and assistance services 0.0 10.0 7.0 7.0 0.0
25.2 Otherservices 1,712.0 2,810.0 1,605.0 2,430.0 825.0
25.3 Purchase of goods and svcs from govt accounts 2,219.0 2,179.0 2,079.0 3,147.0 1,068.0
26.0 Supplies and materials 177.0 31.0 176.0 54.0 (122.0)
31.0 Equipment. 560.0 109.0 557.0 169.0 (388.0)
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions 176.0 300.0 304.0 300.0 (4.0)
Subtotal, direct obligations 524,076.0 529,141.0 528,523.0 533,050.0 54,527.0
Subtotal, reimbursable obligations I/ 17,002.0 16,353.0 16,353.0 15,088.0 (1,265.0)
TOTAL OBLIGATIONS 541,078.0 545,494.0 544,876.0 548,138.0 53,262.0
Research and Development
Other Objects:
22.0 Transportation of things
23.2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Communications, utilities and misc. charges
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.1 Advisory and assistance services
25.2 Other services
25.3 Purchase of goods and svcs from govt accounts
25.5 R&D Contracts
26.0 Supplies and materials
31.0 Equipment
32.0 Land and structures
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions
42.0 Insurance claims and indemnities
Subtotal, direct obligations
Subtotal, reimbursable obligations.
TOTAL OBLIGATIONS 5367,781.0 5393,860.0 5399,279.0 5476,661.0
]/ Reflects Superfund and LUST Inspector General resources transferred into the IG account.
S517.0
25.0
3,352.0
703.0
0.0
43,027.0
64,242.0
76,026.0
7,702.0
21,620.0
0.0
125,229.0
1.0
5342,444.0
25337.0
S629.0
31.0
4,418.0
814.0
4,686.0
16,418.0
3,425.0
131,915.0
9,344.0
26,352.0
112.0
165,703.0
13.0
5363,860.0
30,000.0
S569.0
28.0
3,689.0
774.0
4,427.0
31,562.0
47,124.0
55,770.0
8,477.0
23,794.0
0.0
173,064.0
1.0
5349,279.0
50,000.0
S582.0
29.0
3,776.0
792.0
4,294.0
40,610.0
60,634.0
71,757.0
8,676.0
24,355.0
0.0
211,155.0
1.0
5426,661.0
50,000.0
$13.0
1.0
87.0
18.0
(133.0)
9,048.0
13,510.0
15,987.0
199.0
561.0
0.0
38,091.0
0.0
577,382.0
0.0
577,382.0
19-3
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Object Classifications
Direct Obligations
(dollars in thousands)
Actual
1994
President's
Budget
1995
Current
Estimate
1995
Request
1996
Increase/Decrease
1996 Request vs. \
1995 Current Est'
Abatement, Control and Compliance
21.0 Travel and transportation of persons
22.0 Transportation of things
23.1 Rental payments to GSA,
23.2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Communications, utilities and misc. charges
24.0 Printing and reproduction.
25.1 Advisory and assistance services
25.2 Other services
25.3 Purchase of goods and svcs from govt accounts..
25.5 Research and development contracts
26.0 Supplies and materials
31.0 Equipment.
32.0 Land and structures
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions
42.0 Insurance claims and indemnities
Subtotal, direct obligations..........
Subtotal, reimbursable obligations.
TOTAL OBLIGATIONS
$0.0
1,518.0
84,172.0
8,889.0
34,097.0
8,077.0
0.0
426,786.0
70,897.0
3,194.0
16,117.0
43,653.0
417.0
723,076.0
134.0
51,421,027.0
26,862.0
$0.0
2,537.0
108,111.0
11,042.0
55,251.0
9,983.0
41,110.0
474,520.0
86,109.0
0.0
22,613.0
47,973.0
1,261.0
666,913.0
209.0
31,527,632.0
60,000.0
$0.0
1,883.0
96,236.0
11,280.0
42,301.0
10,020.0
46,167.0
395,848.0
72,164.0
3,251.0
19,995.0
54,156.0
517.0
660,459.0
167.0
51,414,444.0
60,000.0
SO.O
1,415.0
.105,990.0
11,513.0
31,794.0
7,531.0
44,782.0
520,682.0
95,067.0
4,283.0
15,028.0
40,676.0
389.0
869,548.0
125.0
51,748,823.0
60,000.0
51,447,889.0 51,587,632.0 51,474,444.0 51,808,823.0
$0.0
(468.0)
9,754.0
233.0
(10,507.0)
(2,489.0)
(1,385.0)
124,834.0
22,903.0
1,032.0
(4,967.0)
(13,480.0)
(128.0)
209,089.0
(42.0)
5334,379.0
0.0
5334,379.0
Buildings and Facilities
24.0 Printing and reproduction SO.O $1.0 SO.O SO.O SO.O
25.1 Advisory and assistance services 0.0 35.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
25.2 Other services 6,651.0 6,363.0 6,551.0 8,063.0 1,512.0
25.3 Purchase of goods and svcs from govt accounts 1.0 3,431.0 1.0 1.0 0.0
32.0 Land and structures 14,571.0 60,240.0 37,057.0 104,756.0 67,699.0
TOTAL OBLIGATIONS 521,223.0 570,070.0 543,609.0 5112,820.0 569,211.0
Water Infrastructure/SRF
25.2 Other services
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions
TOTAL OBLIGATIONS
61,518.0
1,652,583.0
100,000.0
2,997,750.0
0.0
2,961,805.0
52,500.0
2,312,500.0
1,714,101.0 3,097,750.0 2,961,805.0 2.365,000.0 2/
52,500.0
(649,305.0)
(596,805.0)
Working Capital Fund
Personnel Services
Other Objects:
21.0 Travel and transportation of persons
23.3 Communications, utilities and misc. charges..
25.2 Other services
26.0 Supplies and materials
31.0 Equipment
TOTAL OBLIGATIONS
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3,978.0
157.0
57.0
116,397.0
53.0
52.0
120,694.0
S3.978.0
$157.0
$57.0
$116,397.0
$53.0
$52.0
5120,694.0
21 FY 1996 includes a legislative proposal for the Drinking Water SRF of $500 million.
19-4
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Object Classifications
Direct Obligations
(dollars in thousands)
Actual
1994
President's
Budget
1995
Current
Estimate
1995
Request
1996
Increase/Decrease
1996 Request vs. !
1995 Current Estj
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Personnel Services
Other Objects:
21.0 Travel and transportation of persons
21.0 Site travel
22.0 Transportation of things
23.1 Rental payments to GSA.
23.2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Communications, utilities and misc. charges
24.0 Printing and reproduction.
25.1 Advisory and assistance services
25.2 Other services
25.3 Purchase of goods and svcs from govt accounts..
25.5 R&D Contracts
26.0 Supplies and materials
31.0 Equipment
32.0 Land and structures
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions
42.0 Insurance claims and indemnities
$220,834.0
S5.552.0
3,915.0
558.0
22,346.0
2,377.0
7,306.0
778.0
0.0
650,208.0
457,068.0
22,017.0
4,463.0
12,642.0
16.0
176,027.0
1,309.0
$262,325.0
$13,282.0
3,727.0
838.0
28,509.0
3,091.0
9,661.0
1,308.0
54,615.0
564,150.0
330,433.0
23,211.0
6,422.0
16,522.0
219.0
122,702.0
6.0
$233,629.0
$11,376.0
2,507.0
422.0
25,582.0
2,999.0
5,530.0
589.0
51,696.0
704,450.0
387,443.0
18,663.0
3,378.0
9,570.0
12.0
27,371.0
• 991.0
S261.145.0
$12,296.0
3,624.0
652.0
28,175.0
3,061.0
8,534.0
909.0
50,145.0
636,504.0
414,540.0
19,969.0
5,213.0
14,772.0
19.0
29,330.0
1,529.0
Subtotal, direct obligations..
51,587,416.0 51,441,021.0 51,486,208.0 51,490,417.0
S27.516.0
S920.0
1,117.0
230.0
2,593.0
62.0
3,004.0
320.0
(1,551.0)
(67,946.0)
27,097.0
1,306.0
1,835.0
5,202.0
7.0
1,959.0
538.0
54,209.0
Superlund Allocation Accounts
Personnel Services
Other Objects:
21.0 Travel and transportation of persons..
22.0 Transportation of things
23.1 Rental payments to GSA.
24.0 Printing and reproduction.
25.2 Other services
26.0 Supplies and materials
31.0 Equipment
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions...
Subtotal, allocation accounts
Subtotal, reimbursable obligations
TOTAL OBLIGATIONS
$20,212.0
$17,756.0
$21,950.0
$21,907.0
$1,660.0
102.0
564.0
454.0
23,241.0
328.0
2,101.0
20,003.0
568,665.0
53,067.0
51,709,148.0
$1,247.0
48.0
678.0
324.0
18,261.0
232.0
1,336.0
17,200.0
557,082.0
61,589.0
51,559,692.0
$1,787.0
80.0
604.0
507.0
24,839.0
289.0
2,084.0
20,768.0
572,908.0
70,000.0
51,629,116.0
$1,775.0
107.0
595.0
742.0
24,543.0
295.0
2,041.0
20,515.0
572,520.0
70,000.0
51,6324*37.0 3/
($43.0)
($12.0)
27.0
(9.0)
235.0
(296.0)
6.0
(43.0)
(253.0)
(5388.0)
0.0
53,821.0
3/ FY 1996 includes two legislative proposals of $55 million and $200 million for Superfund legislative reforms.
19-5
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Object Classifications
Direct Obligations
(dollars in thousands)
Actual
1994
President's
Budget
1995
Current
Estimate
1995
Request
1996
Increase/Decreasej
1996 Request vs. |
1995 Current Est 1
LUST Trust Fund
Personnel Services $5,444.0 56,997.0 $6,078.0 $6,558.0 S480.0
Other Objects:
21.0 Travel and transportation of persons $498.0 $899.0 S90ZO S795.0 ($107.0)
21.0 Site travel 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
22.0 Transportation of things 3.0 5.0 18.0 4.0 (14.0)
23.1 Rental payments to GSA... • 380.0 459.0 473.0 521.0 48.0
23.2 Rental payments to others 7.0 0.0 37.0 7.0 0.0
23.3 Communications, utilities and misc. charges 28.0 26.0 154.0 29.0 (125.0)
24.0 Printing and reproduction. 56.0 15.0 313.0 60.0 (253.0)
25.1 Advisory and assistance services 0.0 1,040.0 1,061.0 1,029.0 (32.0)
25.2 Other services 2,691.0 783.0 5,395.0 1,548.0 (3,847.0)
25.3 Purchase of goods and svcs from govt accounts 267.0 199.0 170.0 821.0 651.0
25.5 Research and development contracts 602.0 429.0 384.0 249.0 (135.0)
26.0 Supplies and materials... 40.0 57.0 222.0 42.0 (180.0)
31.0 Equipment 154.0 265.0 864.0 165.0 (699.0)
32.0 Land and structures 0.0 53.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions 74,241.0 65,458.0 56,922.0 65,445.0 8,523.0
42.0 Insurance claims and indemnities 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 (2.0)
TOTAL OBLIGATIONS 584,418.0 576,685.0 572,995.0 577,273.0 54,308.0
Oil Spill Response
Personnel Services..
Other Objects:
21.0 Travel and transportation of persons
22.0 Transportation of things
23.1 Rental payments to GSA.
23.2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Communications, utilities and misc. charges
24.0 Printing and reproduction.
25.1 Advisory and assistance services
25.2 Other services
25.3 Purchase of goods and svcs from govt accounts..
25.5 Research and development contracts
26.0 Supplies and materials
31.0 Equipment.
32.0 Land and structures
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions
Subtotal, direct obligations
Subtotal, reimbursable obligations
TOTAL OBLIGATIONS
$4,937.0
S181.0
20.0
483.0
0.0
22.0
89.0
0.0
10,120.0
995.0
375.0
41.0
225.0
0.0
2,455.0
519,943.0
2,363.0
522,306.0
$8,225.0
$526.0
0.0
569.0
1.0
14.0
22.0
7,543.0
3,554.0
1,232.0
0.0
47.0
185.0
0.0
1,557.0
$23,475.0
15,000.0
$38,475.0
$6,817.0
S437.0
240
518.0
0.0
26.0
105.0
6,021.0
3,917.0.
385.0
145.0
48.0
266.0
0.0
1,244.0
$19,953.0
15,000.0
$34,953.0
$7,536.0
$440.0
9.0
571.0
0.0
9.0
38.0
5,841.0
6,203.0
609.0
230.0
17.0
94.0
0.0
1,450.0
$23,047.0
15,000.0
538,047.0
$719.0
$3.0
(15.0)
53.0
0.0
(17.0)
(67.0)
(180.0)
2,286.0
224.0
85.0
(31.0)
(172.0)
0.0
206.0
53,094.0
0.0
$3,094.0
19-6
-------
ENVIROMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
PROGRAM AND RESEARCH OPERATIONS
Current
Grades Actual Pres. Bud Estimate Request
1994 1995 1995 1996
Executive Level II 1222
Executive Level m 1111
Executive Level IV 10 9 9 9
Positions Established by act of
July 1, 1974 (42 U.S.C. 207}
Subtotal 12 12 12 12
ES-6 11 10 11 11
ES-5 52 53 52 52
ES-4 90 99 90 90
ES-3 65 69 65 65
ES-2 22 26 22 22
ES-1 15 18 15 15
Subtotal 255 275 255 255
GS/GM15 1,136 1,119 1,104 1,104
GS/GM14 1,821 1,878 1,777 1,777
GS/GM13 3,095 3,093 3,468 3,466
GS12 2,585 2,830 2,896 2,895
GS11 884 1,149 990 990
GS10 72 76 81 81
GS9 585 777 655 655
GS8 300 311 336 . 336
GS7 797 946 893 892
GS6 387 470 434 433
GS5 334 428 374 374
GS4 305 327 342 342
GS3 122 169 137 137
GS2 73 75 82 82
GS1 32 46 36 36
Subtotal 12,528 13,694 13,604 13,598
Director Grade 09, $74,214 0000
to 5101,793
Director Grade 07,555,854 0100
to 581,396
Senior Grade 06, $41,396 49 51 55 55
to 571,514
Senior Grade 05, $33,109 50 58 56 56
to 558,352
19-7
-------
ENVIROMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
PROGRAM AND RESEARCH OPERATIONS CONTINUED
Current
Grades Actual Pres. Bud Estimate
1994 1995 1995
Senior Grade 04, $27,907 16 24 18
to 548,787
Assistant Grade 03, $25,934 10 11 11
to 541,195
Assistant Grade 02, 522,615 444
to 531,306
Assistant Grade 01, $19,634 11 13 12
to 524,696
Subtotal
140 163 157
Request
1996
18
11
4
12
157
:
Positions established by act
of November 16, 1977 (42 U.
201) compensation for which
not to exceed the maximum
payable for a GS-1 8
S.C.
is
15 15 17
Ungraded 52 65 58
Subtotal 67 80 75
17
58
75
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS
13,002
14,224 14,103 14,097
19-8
-------
ENVTROMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
Current
Grades Actual Pres. Bud Estimate Request
1994 1995 1995 1996
Executive Level IV 1111
Subtotal 1 I I T
ES-5 1111
ES-4 2322
ES-3 2122
ES-2 1111
ES-1 1111
Subtotal 7877
GS/GM15 25 26 25 25
GS/GM14 48 50 48 48
GS/GM13 126 130 128 84
GS12 130 111 132 87
GS11 31 41 32 21
GS10 1111
GS9 , 15 22 15 10
GS8 4143
GS7 25 21 25 17
GS6 11 15 11 7
GS5 3 7 3.2
GS4 .'... 5 11 5 3
GS3 7475
GS2 1211
GS1 1111
Subtotal 433 444 439 314
TOTAL 441 452 447 322
19-9
-------
ENVIROMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
SUPERFUND
Current
Grades Actual Pres. Bud Estimate Request
1994 1995 1995 1996
ES-5 2222
ES-4 8 11 8 8
ES-3 3133
ES-2 1511
ES-1 2222
Subtotal 16 22 16 16
GS/GM15 151 145 140 140
GS/GM14 448 449 426 426
GS/GM13 1,136 1,308 1,383 1,442
GS12 599 751 729 760
GS11 168 236 205 213
GS10 1011
GS9 119 148 145 151
GS8 29 40 35 37
GS7 184 213 224 234
GS6 115 147 140 146
GS5 107 158 130 136
GS4 51 66 62 65
GS3 13 13 16 16
GS2 14 9 17 18
GS1 13 22 16 16
Positions Established by act of
July 1,1974 (42 U.S.C. 207)
Subtotal 3,148 3,705 3,669 3,801
Director Grade 07, 555,854 0000
to 581,396
Senior Grade 06, 541,396 6578
to 571,514
Senior Grade 05,533,109 8 9 10 10
to 558,352
Full Grade 04, $27,907 4555
to 548,787
Assistant Grade 03, 525,934 2423
to 542,196
19-10
-------
ENVIROMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
SUPERPUND CONTINUED
Current
Grades Actual Pres. Bud Estimate Request
1994 1995 1995 1996
Assistant Grade 02, $22,615
to S31,306
Assistant Grade 01 ,S19,634 9 11 11 11
to 524,696
Subtotal 31 34 38 39
Positions established by act
of November 16,1977 (42 U.S.C.
201) compensation for which is
not to exceed the maximum
payable for a GS-18
Subtotal
19-11
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS 3,196 3,762 3,724 3,858
-------
ENVIROMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
Grades
GS/GM15
GS/GM14
GS/GM13
GS12
GS11
GS10
GS9
GS8
GS7.
GS6
GS5
GS4
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS
Current
Actual Pres. Bud Estimate Request
1994 1995 • 1995 1996
4
12
21
31
8
0
3
1
2
0
0
1
83
5
8
26
32
7
0
6
1
5
1
1
3
95
4
12
24
36
9
0
3
1
2
0
0
1
94
4
12
27
40
10
0
4
1
3
0
0
1
102
19-12
-------
ENVIROMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
REREGISTRATION AND EXPEDITTED PROCESSING REVOLVING FUND (FIFRA)
Grades
GS/GM15
GS/GM14
GS/GM13
GS12
GS11
GS10
GS9
GS8
GS7
GS6
GS5
Subtotal
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS
Current
Actual Pres. Bud Estimate Request
1994 1995 1995 1996
0
61
137
35
13
0
2
0
2
0
0
250
250
1
42
103
37
11
0
9
0
1
0
0
204
204
0
61
' 102
26
10
0
1
0
1
0
0
202
202
0
61
96
25
9
0
1
0
1
0
0
194
194
19-13
-------
ENVIROMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
RE1MBURSABLES
(PRO/SUPERFUND)
Grades
ES-4
Subtotal
GS/GM15
GS/GM14
GS/GM13
GS12
GS11
GS10
GS9
GS8
GS7
GS6
GS5
GS4 . ..
GS3
Current
Actual Pres. Bud Estimate Request
1994 1995 1995 1996
1
1
3
12
14
9
17
3
5
5
2
2
1
3
0
2
2
4
14
32
32
35
2
25
12
2
10
0
7
3
1
1
3
12
37
24
45
8
13
13
5
5
3
8
0
1
1
3
12
37
24
45
8
13
13
5
5
3
8
0
Subtotal
Positions Established by act of
July 1,1 974 (42 U.S.C. 207)
Senior Grade 06, 541,396
toS71,514
Senior Grade 05, 533,109
to 558,352
Subtotal
76
179
176
176
Ungraded
Subtotal
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS
81
188
188
188
19-14
-------
ENVIROMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
OIL SPILLS
Grades
GS/GM15
GS/GM14
GS/GM13
GS12
GS11
GS10
GS9
GS8
GS7
GS6
GS5
GS4
GS3
Current
Actual Pres. Bud Estimate Request
1994 1995 1995 1996
3
7
26
20
7
1
2
1
3
1
5
1
0
2
7
49
25
9
2
12
0
4
5
5
3
0
3
7
43
33
11
2
3
2
5
2
8
2
0
3
7
41
32
11
2
3
2
5
2
8
2
0
Subtotal
77
122
120
117
Positions Established by act of
July 1,1974 (42 U.S.C 207)
Senior Grade 06, 541,396
to 571,514
Subtotal
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS
78
122
121
118
19-15
-------
ENVIROMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Average Grade and Salary
Appropriations
Actual
1994
Pres. Bud
1995
Current
Estimate
1995
Request
1996
PRO
Average ES Salary
Average GS/GM Grade
Average GS/GM Salary
Average Salary of Ungraded Positions
Office of the Inspector General
Average ES Salary
Average GS/GM Grade
Average GS/GM Salary
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Average ES Salary
Average GS/GM Grade
Average GS/GM Salary
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Average GS/GM Grade
Average GS/GM Salary :....
FIFRA
Average GS/GM Grade
Average GS/GM Salary
Reimbursables
Average ES Salary
Average GS/GM Grade
Average GS/GM Salary
Oil Spills
Average GS/GM Grade
Average GS/GM Salary
TOTAL AGENCY AVERAGE
Average ES Salary
Average GS/GM Grade
Average GS/GM Salary :
Average Salary of Ungraded Positions
110,001
11.4
51,838
42,471
107,253
11.7
51,344
109,340
11.6
50,705
12.2
51,879
12.9
49,263
110,616
11.2
42,270
11.6
49,340
109,303
11.8
49,520
42,471
116,171
11.2
52,628
25,925
115,851
11.5
53,975
126,100
11.4
51,963
11.6
52,399
12.7
56,972
0
10.6
43,973
11.4
48,296
119,373
11.5
51,772
25,925
113,191
11.3
53,341
43,703
110,363
11.7
52,833
112,511
11.5
52,175
12.0
53,383
13.0
50,692
0
10.7
43,496
11.5
50,771
112,473
11.7
50,956
43,703
113,301
11.3
53,393
43,745
110,471
11.9
52,884
112,620
11.4
52,226
12.1
53,435
13.0
50,741
0
10.7
43,538
11.4
50,820
112,582
11.7
51,005
43,745
19-16
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SUMMARY OF STATE, LOCAL and TRIBAL GRANTS
(dollars in thousands)
Ak
Resource Assistance to State, Local and
Tribal Governments— Section 105
Radiation
Radon State Grants
Water Quality
Section 106 . .
Clean Lakes ....
Non-Point Source
Wetlands Program
Implementation
Water Quality Cooperative Agreements
Drinking Water
Public Water System Supervision
Program Grants
Underground Injection
Control Program
Special Studies
Pesticides Program
Implementation
Toric Substances
Lead Grants
Hazardous Waste
H W Financial Assistance
Underground Storage Tanks
Multimedia
Pesticides Enforcement Grants
Pollution Prevention
Toxic Substances
Enforcement Grants
Indians General Assistance Grants
TOTAL, EPA
I/ Dollars include carryover funds
Actual I/
1994
$174,470.4
$7,874.0
$81,672.9
5,000.1
80,000.0
$10,000.0
21,500.0
$63,900.4
10,505.1
6,708.0
$15,676.3
$11,200.0
$92,485.7
9,326 9
$455.8
85050
1260
8,605.0
$608,011.6
President's
Budget
1995
$181,072.1
$8,158.0
$81,700.0
0.0
100,000.0
$15,000.0
21,500.0
$58,900.0
10,500.0
0.0
$14,825.4
$11,000.0
$98,899.7
9,794 7
$16,135.8
60000
46500
6,000.0
$644,135.7
Enacted
1995
$181,947.1
$8,158.0
$80,200.0
3,200.0
100,000.0
$15,000.0
22,500.0
$70,000.0
10,004.0
6,708.0
$14,347.0
$12,500.0
$97,049.7
9,744.7
$16,135.8
7 100.0
4 150.0
6,000.0
$664,744.3
Current
Estimate
1995
$180,709.3
$8,158.0
$79,534.0
3,200.0
100,000.0
$15,000.0
22,500.0
$70,000.0
9,923.3
6,708.0
$14,947.0
$12,500.0
$96,220.3
9,581.7
$16,135.8
7,100.0
4,150.0
8,500.0
$664,867.4
President's
Budget
1996
$175,072.1
$8,158.0
$80,700.0
0.0
100,000.0
$15,000.0
22,500.0
$90,000.0
10,500.0
0.0
$16,723.9
$12,500.0
$98,298.2
10,394.7
$16,133.6
5,999.5
6,486.2
15,000.0
$683,466.2
|
19-17
------- |