»EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Information Resources
Management
(PM-211D)
EPA 220-B-92-031
PB93-128320
January 1993
Superfund Information
Access Series:
,r
HAZARDOUS WASTE
SUPERFUND DATABASE
THESAURUS
Hazardous Waste Superfund Collection
Printed on Recycled Papei
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Hazardous Waste Superfund Collection
Hazardous Waste
Superfund Database
Thesaurus
January 1993
Information Access Branch, PM-211D
Information Management and Services Division
Office of Information Resources Management
Office of Administration and Resources Management
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Room 2904
401M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 260-5934
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Region 5, LibrcTv 'P(_-!2J)
77 Wss> J,:^s;n 3,-. . ^rd, 12th Floor
Chicago, it 60604-3590
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HAZARDOUS WASTE SUPERFUND COLLECTION AND DATABASE
The Hazardous Waste Superfund Collection (HWSFC) is
a special EPA Headquarters Library Collection on the subject
of hazardous waste. Access to the Collection is enhanced by
a Database (HWSFD) of bibliographic entries which
correspond to each item in the Collection. The EPA
Information Access Branch is responsible for the contents
and maintenance of the Collection and Database.
ACCESS
GOALS
The Collection and Database:
Provide a unified resource of major hazardous waste
reports, books and journals available through the EPA
Library Network.
Provide current information to assist EPA staff in making
timely and effective policy and regulatory policy decisions.
Assist in the transfer of hazardous waste information
from the EPA to the states as part of the Agency's technology
transfer effort.
CONTENTS
Continually growing, the Collection contains books and
journals, legislation and regulations, reports from Federal
agencies, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
(C- \VER) policy and guidance directives and EPA reports
ntM. selected program offices.
The Database mirrors the contents of the Collection. A
user can search the Database with little or no computer
experience.
The Hazardous Waste Superfund Collection is available
for use in the EPA Headquarters Library. Selected
documents from the Collection are distributed to the 10 EPA
Regional libraries and laboratories in Ada, OK; Cincinnati,
OH; Edison, NJ; Las Vegas, NV; Research Triangle Park, NC
and the National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC)
in Denver, CO.
The Database is updated quarterly and reflects ongoing
acquisitions to the Collection.
The Database is available to the public through the EPA
Online Library System (OLS) which resides on the EPA
mainframe. To access it, the user will need a computer,
modem and telecommunications software. The dial in
number is (919) 549-0720. The parameters are as follows:
300-9600 baud rate
7 bits
1 stop bit
even parity
At the first prompt, the user types F to access "EPA OLS".
The user then follows the prompts.
To log off, the user types Q and follows the prompts.
For user support, call: (800) 334-2405. For a user manual to
OLS, call (919) 541-2777.
A PC version of the Database can be used at the HQ
Hazardous Waste Superfund Collection Reference area. It is
also on display at EPA's new Public Information Center.
For more information about the PC version call:
Felice Sacks (contractor)
Head Librarian of the HWSFC
(202) 260-3021
II
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CONTENTS
PAGE
Introduction v
Guide to Format vfi
Keywords Added viii
Acronyms ix
PART ONE:
Alphabetical Ust of Keywords 1
PART TWO:
List of Corporate Sources 51
HI
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INTRODUCTION
This Hazardous Waste Superfund Database Thesaurus (Thesaurus) provides
an index to terminology related to hazardous waste and facilitates the use
of the Hazardous Waste Superfund Database (HWSFD). In this third
edition of the Thesaurus new keywords have been added to ensure that
the Thesaurus reflects current concerns in the field of hazardous waste. Several
keywords, which were not used extensively, have been deleted.
The Thesaurus is divided into two parts: the Alphabetical List of Keywords and
the List of Corporate Sources. The first part lists the Database indexing terms
alphabetically with an accompanying definition. Beneath each term are found other
terms that have been classified as "broader"(BT), "narrower"(NT), or "related"(RT) to
the listed keyword. The List of Corporate Sources contains a complete list of names
and acronyms for organizational sources currently indexed within the collection. This
list will aid users in their search for documents prepared by EPA Offices or other
government agencies.
The terms and their accompanying definitions have not been subject to peer
review. This Thesaurus is meant as an aid to individuals searching only the Hazardous
Waste Superfund Database. These terms and their definitions in no way reflect the
official views or policy of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
The Hazardous Waste Superfund Database allows patrons access to information
in the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Hazardous Waste Superfund
Collection (HWSFC). The Collection consists of: EPA reports, policy and guidance
directives from the EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER),
commercially published books, audiovisual materials, legislation, regulations, and
reports from selected Government Agencies, such as the General Accounting Office.
All items contained within the Collection have as their primary focus the subject of
hazardous waste. For more information on these documents, please refer to Guide to
Key Documents and Information Sources which is part of the Superfund Information Access
Each item in the Collection corresponds to a record in the Hazardous Waste
Superfund Database. The Thesaurus lists subject terms used to classify the documents
in the Collection. Users of the Thesaurus will formulate more effective searches and
retrieve more pertinent records from the Database.
The Hazardous Waste Superfund Database can be accessed by dialing into
EPA's mainframe or using computer programs on a personal computer. Details for
access are contained in the Superfund Information Access Series publication, Hazardous
Waste Suverfund Database Users Manual
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For further information about this document or the Hazardous Waste Superfund
Collection, contact the following librarians of the Hazardous Waste Superfund Collection:
Felice Sacks, (contractor), Head Librarian, or Fabienne McGovern (contractor), Reference
Librarian at 202/260-5934. The address is U.S. FJ»A Headquarters Library, Room 2904, Mail
Code PM-211A, 401M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460.
This document is part of a series entitled Superfund Information Access Series. The series is a
comprehensive guide to information resources available at the Environmental Protection Agency on
the subject of the Superfund program and related hazardous waste topics. The individual
publications comprising the series are as follows:
Guide to Key Documents and Information Sources - describes individual document types
forming the core of the Hazardous Waste Superfund Collection and categorizes the
Collection according to reference type and subtopics. Provides information on obtaining
publications.
Journals - an annotated guide to journals and other serials covering hazardous waste
topics.
Databases and Electronic Systems - fact sheets on databases and bulletin board systems
supported by EPA and containing data related to hazardous waste.
Hazardous Waste Superfund Database Users Manual - a guide for using the online and PC
versions of the Hazardous Waste Superfund Database.
Hazardous Waste Superfund Database Thesaurus - a keyword guide for terms used to search
the Hazardous Waste Superfund Database.
Legislation and Regulations - information about legislative and regulatory sources within
the Collection.
Building a Hazardous Waste Collection - a "how to" book on acquiring basic items for a
hazardous waste collection.
Reference herein to any specific commercial publisher or service does not constitute or imply
endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the EPA. M
VI
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GUIDE TO THE FORMAT
Shown below is a sample entry from the Alphabetical Display.
1 >Remedial Actions - Those solutions either proposed or actually
2 >undertaken for the permanent cleanup at a Superfund site. Use for
Remedial Designs, Remedial Response.
->BT Cleanup
BT Remedy Selection
->NT Data Quality Objectives (DQO)
->RT Removal Actions
Remedial Designs
>use Remedial Actions
(1) Keyword
(2) Definition
(3) BT - "Broader Term." Indicates that the keyword following BT is the more
general concept under which the listed keyword would fall. The user might
choose to search using the broader keyword for a more comprehensive
or general search.
(4) NT - "Narrower Term." Indicates that the keyword following NT is a more
specific concept under the listed keyword. The user may choose to search
using the narrower keyword for a more selective search.
(5) RT - "Related Term." The keyword following RT is a concept closely related
to the listed keyword other than the NT or BT relationships. The searcher may
wish to search on the related keyword for a more comprehensive search.
(6) Use - Directs the user from a term not recognized as a keyword to an
acceptable, recognized keyword. The searcher would never search on the non-
recognized term, rather he/she should search on the synonym or newer
keyword that follows the phrase "use."
vii
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KEYWORDS ADDED TO THE
HAZARDOUS WASTE SUPERFUND DATABASE
SINCE JANUARY 1, 1992
Administrative Activities
ARARS
Carbon Adsorption
Closure
Community Relations
DOE
DOD
Decontamination
Dehalogenation
Documentation
Export
FOIA
Finances
GAO
Hazard Ranking System
Import
In-Situ Vitrification
Joint Permits
:,ead
Lender Liability
Mass Spectrometry
Notice Letter
PAH
POTW
Plume
Post-Closure
R&D
Risk Assessment
Sediment
Soil Venting
Solvent Extraction
Standards
Statistics
Toluene
Total Quality Management
VOC
Vapor Extraction
viii
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ACRONYMS
CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
HWSFC Hazardous Waste Superfund Collection
HWSFD Hazardous Waste Superfund Database
OS WER Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
IX
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ALPHABETICAL LIST OF KEYWORDS
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*A~List
"A" List
use Technology Transfer Documents
Abandoned Sites - A hazardous site, facility or generator that is no longer used due to
permanent shutdown or disrepair.
BT Sites
Acids - Compounds, either organic or inorganic, that have certain similar properties, one
being a pH of less than 7.0.
BT Inorganic Chemicals
BT Organic Chemicals
NT Phenol
Administrative Activities - Any tasks or activities pertaining to the management of an
office, project or program.
Adsorption - An advanced method of treating wastes in which activated carbon removes
organic matter from wastewater.
BT Physical Treatment
Aerated Lagoons
use Lagoons
Aeration - Biological treatment that is marked by the circulation of oxygen through a
substance such as wastewater.
BT Biological Treatment
NT Aerated Lagoons
RT Aerobic Biodegradation
RT Anaerobic Biodegradation
Aerobic Biodegradation - Biological treatment through which microorganisms
metabolize biodegradable organics in aqueous waste in an oxygen environment.
Includes activated sludge process.
BT Biological Treatment
RT Aeration
RT Anaerobic Biodegradation
1
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Air
Air - The atmosphere of the earth, characterized by a mixture of gases, including
nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, neon, and helium.
BT Environmental Media
Air Stripping - System which provides for mass transfer of volatile organic contaminants
from a liquid phase to a gas phase. A type of physical treatment.
BT Physical Treatment
Alternative Concentration Limits - (ACL) Limits, determined by an EPA Regional
Administrator, which permit the occurrence of higher levels of hazardous
substances than normally allowed.
BT Regulations
Alternative Technologies - Any unit operations and their related equipment that
permanently alter the composition and toxicity of hazardous waste through
biological, physical, thermal, and chemical treatment or through a stabilization/
solidification process.
BT Control Methods
NT Best Demonstrated Available Treatment
NT Biological Treatment
NT Chemical Treatment
NT Mobile Treatment
NT Physical Treatment
NT Stabilization/Solidification
NT Thermal Treatment
RT Conventional Treatment
RT SITE Program
Anaerobic Biodegradation - Biological treatment in which microorganisms metabolize
biodegradable organics in aqueous waste in an oxygen deficient environment.
BT Biological Treatment
RT Aeration
RT Aerobic Biodegradation
Analysis - The testing of substances to determine their chemical composition or hazardous
characteristics. Use for testing.
BT Assessment
NT Corrosivity
NT EP Toxicity
NT Gas Chromatography
NT Ignitability
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Appendix VIII Constituents
NT Incompatibility
NT Reactivity
RT Methodology
RT Monitoring
Appendix VIII Constituents - As listed in 40 CFR 261. These chemicals when found in
a substance are used as criteria for placement on a Hazardous Substance List.
Includes Principal Organic Constituents.
BT Hazardous Substance Lists
Aquifer - Underground bed or layer of earth, gravel, or porous stone containing water.
BT Soil
ARARS - (Applicable or relevant and appropriate requirements.) Requirements established
by SARA to ensure that Federal or State cleanup standards of control and other
environmental protection requirements, criteria or limitations for hazardous wastes
are applicable or relevant and appropriate to the Superfund site.
Asbestos * Fibrous magnesium silicate. Highly carcinogenic.
BT Carcinogens
BT Inorganic Chemicals
Assessment - The quantitative and qualitative study of hazardous waste and its
sources. May include its effects on the environment, including the human
population.
NT Analysis
NT Ecological Risk
NT Economic Assessment
NT Generators
NT Human Health Risk
NT Methodology
NT Monitoring
ATSDR - (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.)
NT Toxicological Profile
Audits - A formal examination of the financial activities of an organization.
BT Economic Assessment
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"B- Ust
"B" List
use Technology Transfer Documents
Backfill - The process through which a previously excav od hazardous waste site is rilled
with non-contaminated organic material and ve. cation.
BT Landfills
RT Capping
RT Excavation
Batteries - A group of cells or one cell which store an electric charge and emit a current.
Source of hazardous waste.
BT Industry
BOAT - (Best Demonstrated Available Treatment). Ranking of hazardous waste
alternative technologies for each specific waste. Ranking is based on factors such as
availability and performance.
BT Alternative Technologies
Bibliographies - A list of citations of journal articles, books, or reports.
BT Information Sources
Bioassay - Use of living organisms to measure the effect of a substance on the
environment.
BT Sensing Techniques
Biological Tieatment - Alternative technology process whereby the organic components
of hazardous waste are biologically decomposed or altered under controlled
conditions to a state which is either non-toxic or less toxic than its pretreatment state.
Includes composting.
BT Alternative Technologies
NT Aeration
NT Aerobic Biodcgradation
NT Anaerobic Biodegradation
NT Stabilization Ponds
Boilers - Vessels in which hazardous waste is used as supplementary fueFto coal or oil.
BT Incineration
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C" List
"C" List
use Technology Transfer Documents
California List - List of liquid hazardous wastes containing certain metals, cyanides, PCBs,
corrosives, etc. List subsequently incorporated into the provisions of the Hazardous
and Solid Waste Amendments.
BT Regulations
Capping - The covering of a landfill, injection well, etc., after operations have ceased.
BT Landfills
BT Underground Injection
RT Backfill
Carbon Adsorption - The use of activated carbon to control effluents/emissions by
absorbing VOCs from a flue gas stream or water.
Carcinogens - Chemicals that cause cancer. Includes polycydic aromatic hydrocarbons.
BT Hazardous Substances
NT Asbestos
NT Dioxins
NT Phenol
NT PCB
Case Studies - A document that summarizes the history, including contamination and
remediation, of a particular hazardous waste site.
BT Information Sources
Cement Kiln Dust
use Pozzolanic Process
Cementing - Process through which wastes are stirred in water and then mixed directly
with cement. Suspended particles are incorporated into hardened concrete.
BT Stabilization/Solidification
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Centrification
Centrif ication - The separation of hazardous waste through the use of centrifugal force.
The waste is placed in a confined vessel and then rapidly rotated, forcing the
components of the waste to break apart and separate at the outermost walls of the
vessel.
6T Phase Separation
CERCLA - (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act.)
BT Legislation
NT Post-Closure Liability Fund
RT CERCLIS
RT SARA
RT Superfund
CERCLIS - (Comprehensive Emergency Response, Compensation and Liability Information
System.) EPA database that tracks Superfund cleanup actions.
BT Superfund
RT CERCLA
RT Databases
Chemical Treatment - Alternative technology processes and related equipment that alter
the chemical structure of the hazardous constituents so that the resulting material is
less hazardous than the original waste.
BT Alternative Technologies
NT Chlorinolysis
NT Neutralization
NT Dechlorination
NT Dehalogertation
Chlorinolysis - Chemical treatment process characterized by the addition of large amounts
of chlorine to waste at high temperatures. The process reduces the hazardous
nature of the waste.
BT Chemical Treatment
Civil Judicial Action - Legal action brought about by the EPA to enforce or protect the
private rights of citizens. Use for all types of legal action, except criminal
proceedings.
BT Litigation
RT Criminal Judicial Action
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Claims
Claims - Action through which a person or entity demands a right or due.
BT Liability
dean Air Act
BT Legislation
Clean Water Act
BT Legislation
NT 31KK) Fund
Cleanup - Process of restoring a hazardous waste site or spill.
BT Superfund
NT Pre-Remedial
NT Remedial Actions
NT RI/FS
NT Remedy Selection
NT Removal Actions
RT Restoration
RT Treatability Study
Closure - Actions taken by an owner or operator of a hazardous waste facility to prepare the
site for long-term care and to make it suitable for other uses after wastes are no
longer accepted.
Commercial
use Industry
Community Awareness - The disclosure of the dangers of hazardous chemicals to
workers and the community at large; also, the participation of community groups in
the preparation of emergency plans.
BT Emergency Preparedness
NT Material Safety Data Sheets
NT Notification
RT Right-to-Know
Community Relations - The effort to establish two-way communication with the public
to create an understanding of EPA programs and related actions as well as assure
the public input into the Agency's decision-making process.
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Compliance
Compliance - Within the context of regulations, fulfilling the requirements of specific rules
and provisions.
BT Regulations
RT Non-compliance
Composting
use Biological Treatment
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
use CERCLA
Confidentiality - Withholding of precise chemical information considered proprietary by
private companies.
BT Notification
Consent Decree - Agreement by defendant to cease activities asserted as illegal by EPA.
Upon approval of agreement by the court, the EPA action against thedefendant is
dropped.
BT Enforcement
Construction - Erection of both residential and nonresidential buildings. Potential source of
hazardous waste.
BT Industry
Containers - Any package, can, barrel, or containing device other than tanks or drums, used
to enclose a hazardous waste.
BT Storage
NT Corrosion
NT Drums
NT Storage Tanks
Contamination - The process by which a physical, chemical, biological, or radiological
substance or matter has an adverse effect on air, water, or soil.
BT Ecological Risk
8
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Contractors
Contractors - Entities that are temporarily hired by the government to provide a particular
service. In the case of hazardous waste management, contractors may be involved
in the storage, treatment, or disposal of hazardous waste.
BT Management
RT Treatability Study
Contracts - Agreements in which one party performs a service in exchange for financial
remuneration or a return service.
BT Management
Control Methods - Means by which the toxirity of hazardous waste is lessened or its
impact minimized through either (1) containment and storage (Conventional
Treatment),(2) treatment (see Alternative Technologies) or (3) minimization at the
source.
NT Alternative Technologies
NT Conventional Treatment
NT Equipment
NT In-situ
NT Ocean Dumping
NT TSDF
NT Waste Minimization
Conventional Treatment - Removal or containment of hazardous waste to regulated
land treatment sites. Waste is neither treated nor destroyed. Continued
maintenance is required to monitor potential contamination of surrounding
environment. Solution is not permanent.
BT Control Methods
NT Land Treatment
NT Landfills
NT Liners
NT Storage
NT Surface Impoundments
NT Transportation
NT Underground Injection
RT Alternative Technologies
RT Waste Minimization
Cooperative Agreements - The process by which a state enters into an agreement with
the EPA to manage the remedial response of a site.
BT Legal Aspects
Corrective Actions
use Removal Actions or Remedial Actions
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Corrosion
Corrosion -The gradual wearing away of storage tanks, that eventually leads to leakage
and contamination.
BT Containers
BT Drums
BT Storage Tanks
Corrosivity - Characteristic of a hazardous waste marked by the waste's ability to dissolve
metals or burn the skin.
BT Analysis
RT EPToxicity
RT Ignitability
RT Reactivity
Cost Recovery - Process by which EPA documents and attempts to recover the maximum
practical amount of money due from responsible parties for Superfund financed
cleanups.
BT Liability
RT PRP
RT Responsible Parties
RT Settlements
Costs - The amount of money needed for the cleanup of a site or the maintenance of a
program. Can also be used to define the long-term economic costs due to hazardous
waste contamination.
BT Economic Assessment
RT Mixed Funding
Criminal Judicial Action - Legal action brought by EPA against those parties charged
with violating criminal laws.
BT Litigation
RT Civil Judicial Action
Data - Information used to assess the toxic nature of a substance. Also used to mean general
facts or figures from which conclusions can be made.
BT Methodology
RT Data Quality Objectives
10
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Data Quality Objectives
Data Quality Objectives - (DQO) Quantitative and qualitative statements outlining the
decision-making process and data required to support EPA remedial actions
decisions.
6T Remedial Actions
RT Data
RT Methodology
Databases - Computerized information systems.
BT Information Sources
RT CERCLIS
De Minimis - Type of settlement through which parties that contribute very small amounts
of hazardous wastes to a site are able to settle with the EPA for small or "de
minimis" amounts.
BT Settlements
Decontamination - Purifying a substance by removing its hazardous characteristics.
RT Cleanup
Dehalogenation - Remediation technology where halogens remove organic chemicals by
chemically replacing them with hydrogen or hydroxide ions in order to detoxify the
substance.
BT Alternative Technologies
Delisting - Process of excluding a waste from regulation as hazardous.
BT Hazardous Substance Lists
RT Exemptions
Design - A general plan or program used in hazardous waste treatment, disposal, and
storage.
BT Methodology
Dioxins - Family of compounds with common triple ring structure of two benzene rings
interconnected with a pair of oxygen atoms.
BT Carcinogens
BT Organic Chemicals
11
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Directives
Directives - Special series of policy and guidance documents that provide interpretation,
suggestions, and recommendations consistent with legislation.
BT Policy
RT Guidance
Directories - Lists of names, addresses, and telephone numbers of a particular set of
individuals or organizations.
BT Information Sources
Disposal
use Conventional Treatment
Documentation - A collection or compilation of written informational material.
DOD - (United States Department of Defense.)
DOE - (United States Department of Energy.)
Drinking Water - Any raw or finished water source that is or may be used as a public water
system or as drinking water by one or more individuals.
BT Water
Drums - A circular vessel, commonly used to house hazardous waste.
BT Containers
NT Corrosion
Dumps
use Landfills or Ocean Dumping
Dusts - A finely ground dry mixture containing a small amount of pesticide with an inert
carrier such as day.
BT Solid Wastes
12
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Ecological Risk
Ecological Risk - Discussion of the risk or damage to organic matter (plant and animal life)
as well as inorganic matter (air, water, soil, etc.).
6T Assessment
NT Contamination
NT Environmental Impact Statement
NT Natural Resources
NT Restoration
Economic Assessment - Estimating the monetary value of a program, procedure or
event, and/or the monetary value of the effects of such a procedure, program, or
event.
BT Assessment
NT Audits
NT Costs
NT Economic Impact
NT Fee Systems
NT Taxes
Economic Impact - Includes the social and/or economic impact of a particular decision or
action.
BT Economic Assessment
RT Liability
Electrodialysis - A physical treatment process through which heat energy is applied to a
solution, slurry, or suspended solid mixture to vaporize part of the mixture while
concentrating the semisolid components.
BT Membrane Separation
Electroplating - Production of a thin coat of metal on a surface. Source of hazardous
waste.
BT Industry
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
use Right-to-Know
Emergency Preparedness - Protective measures, mandated by the Right-to-Know
provision of Title 3 of SARA, that are to be implemented by a company or
community after a hazardous waste spill or emission.
NT Community Awareness
NT Emergency Response
RT Right-to-Know
13
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Emergency Response
Emergency Response - Action(s) taken to contain the release of hazardous substances
in the environment.
BT Emergency Preparedness
NT Emergency Response Plans
NT Environmental Response Team
NT Releases
NT Removal Actions
Emergency Response Plans - Plans developed at the State or local level, that detail
procedures and responses to hazardous spills and releases in local communities.
BT Emergency Response
Emissions - Gaseous waste materials discharged into the environment.
BT Waste Types
Energy - Power produced from a source such as fuel.
BT Generators
NT Geothennal
NT Radioactivity
NT Utilities
Enforcement - The means employed to force violators or potential violators of the law to
obey the laws or make restitution for the transgression of those laws.
BT Legal Aspects
NT Consent Decree
NT Illegal Actions
NT Litigation
NT Mediation
NT Negotiations
NT Settlements
RT Section 3008(h)
Environmental Impact Statement - (EIS) Document that provides information
concerning the positive and negative effects on the environment of major projects or
legislative proposals.
BT Ecological Risk
14
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Environmental Media
Environmental Media - The three major components of the environment in which flora
and fauna live: air, water, and soil.
BT Natural Resources
NT Air
NT Sediment
NT Soil
NT Water
Environmental Response Team - Group of hazardous waste experts who provide
multidisciplinary assistance to EPA's other hazardous waste experts.
BT Emergency Response
Environmental Risk
use Ecological Risk
EP Toxicity - Characteristic of a hazardous waste marked by high concentrations of heavy
metals or specific pesticides.
BT Analysis
RT Corrosivity
RT Ignitability
RT Reactivity
Equipment - Machines used to provide a variety of services in the treatment, storage, and
disposal of hazardous waste.
BT Control Methods
NT Retro-fit
Evaporation - A physical treatment process through which heat energy is applied to a
solution, slurry, or suspended solid mixture to vaporize part of the mixture while
concentrating the semisolid components.
BT Physical Treatment
Excavation - Physical treatment process through which a hazardous waste is removed from
within the ground.
BT Physical Treatment
RT Backfill
RT Extraction
15
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Exemptions
Exemptions - The release of an entity from a previously determined obligation related to
hazardous waste regulation.
BT Regulations
RT Delisting
Export - The shipping/emission of hazardous waste outside of the original generators facility.
Most commonly associated with transport of wastes over state/national borders.
RT Import
Extraction - Physical treatment process through which dissolved or absorbed substances
are transferred from a liquid or solid phase of a solvent.
BT Physical Treatment
NT Soil Washing/Soil Flushing
NT Supercritical Extraction
RT Excavation
Facility Standards - Operating guidelines, determined by the EPA, for treatment, storage,
and disposal facilities.
BT Regulations
RT Location Standards
Feasibility Study
use RI/FS
Federal Facilities - Federally owned buildings or sites or federally run programs that are
sources of hazardous waste.
BT Generators
RT DOD
RT DOE
Fee Systems - Method for funding hazardous waste disposal in which the "user" is
assessed a fee for use of disposal program.
BT Economic Assessment
Filtration - A physical treatment process in which suspended solids are removed from a fluid
by passage through a porous media with a force of gravity.
BT Physical Treatment
16
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Finances
Finances - Relating to cost and other monetary transactions in the management of contracts,
programs and other administrative activities.
Financial Responsibility Reqtlirements - The requirement through which owners and
operators prove adequate funding is available through insurance or trust funds for
their closure or post-closure plans.
BT Regulations
Fires - Combustion associated with a release of hazardous materials.
BT Releases
Fluidized Bed Incineration - Type of incineration that uses refractory-lined vessels
containing a bed of graded, inert granular material.
BT Incineration
FOIA - Documents that can only be requested pursuant to the Freedom of
Information Act.
Fuels
use Petroleum
Funds - Sources of money for hazardous waste cleanup and control, raised through taxes
and authorized by legislation.
BT Legislation
NT 31KK) Fund
NT LUST Trust Fund
NT Post-Closure Liability Fund
RT Superfund
RT Taxes
GAO - (United States General Accounting Office.)
Garbage
use Solid Wastes
17
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Gas Chromatography
Gas Chromatography - Method for separating and analyzing complex mixtures of volatile
organic and inorganic compounds.
BT Analysis
Gasoline
use Petroleum
Generators - Producers of hazardous waste. May be further defined by industry, quantity, or
source.
BT Assessment
NT Energy
NT Federal Facilities
NT Industry
NT Municipalities
NT Sites
NT Small Quantity Generators
RT Waste Types
Geothermal - A form of energy produced from the heat of the earth's interior.
BT Energy
Government - Reserved for items of a very general nature. Use international, local, or State
for issues addressed at such levels; otherwise, items are assumed to address
issues, policies, programs, etc., at the Federal or national level.
NT Local
NT State
RT International
RT Legislation
RT Regulations
Groundwater - Fresh water below the earth's surface.
BT Water
RT Surface Water
Guidance - Documents or portions of documents that provide interpretation,suggestions, or
recommendations consistent with legislation.
BT Policy
18
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Hazard Ranking System
Hazard Ranking System - A numerically based system designed to evaluate the relative
risk to human health or the environment posed by a site.
RT Mitre Model
RT NPL
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments
use HSWA
Hazardous Substance Lists - Total of four lists of substances that meet requirements as
hazardous as defined by 40 CFR sec. 261 subpart D. Use for Listed Hazardous
Waste.
BT Regulations
NT Appendix Vm Constituents
NT Delisting
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
use Superfund
Hazardous Substances - Substances that adversely affect the life process.
NT Carcinogens
NT Inorganic Chemicals
NT Mutagens
NT Organic Chemicals
NT Pesticides
RT Waste Types
Hazardous Waste Trust Fund
use Superfund
HEAS - (Health Effects Assessments.) Special type of document that summarizes and
evaluates adverse health effects associated with a particular chemical.
BT Human Health Risk
RT HEEDS
RT KEEPS
RT Toxicological Profile
19
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HEEDS
HEEDS - (Health and Environmental Effects Documents.) Special type of
document prepared to support listings under RCRA and provide health-related
limits for emergency actions under CERCLA.
BT Human Health Risk
RT HEAS
RT HEEPS
RT lexicological Profile
HEEPS - (Health and Environmental Effects Profiles.) Special type of document
prepared to support listings of hazardous constituents under Section 3001 of RCRA
and provide health related limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of
CERCLA.
BT Human Health Risk
RT HEAS
RT HEEDS
RT Toxicological Profile
Herbicides
use Pesticides
Households - A building that typically houses a family or a group of families. Households
are potential sources of hazardous waste.
BT Municipalities
RT Solid Wastes
HSWA - (Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments.) Amendments to RCRA.
BT Legislation
BT RCRA
NT Section 3008(h)
Human Health Risk - Includes health risks to individuals as well as the public at large. For
more general discussion of environmental risks use ecological risk.
BT Assessment
NT HEAS
NT HEEDS
NT HEEPS
NT Toxicological Profile
NT Worker Protection
20
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Hyperfiltration
Hyperfiltration
use Membrane Separation
Ignitability - Characteristic of hazardous waste whereby it is easily combustible or
flammable.
BT Analysis
RT Corrosivity
RT EP Toxicity
RT Reactivity
Illegal Actions - Violation of a law or regulation.
BT Enforcement
Immobilization
use Stabilization/Solidification
Import - The bringing in of a substance deemed hazardous to an entity from an outside
source.
RT Export
In-Situ - Treatment of contaminated soils applied without the excavation of the materials to
be treated.
BT Control Methods
In-Situ Vitrification - Remediation technology process that treats soils and sludges,
contaminated by mixtures of various wastes, by electrically melting the waste media,
creating a stable glass-like solid.
BT Alternative Technologies
Incineration - Controlled process that uses combustion to convert a waste to a less bulky,
less toxic material in an oxygenated environment.
BT Thermal Treatment
NT Boilers
NT Fluidized Bed Incineration
NT Industrial Kilns
NT Liquid Injection Incineration
NT Molten Salt Incineration
21
-------
Incompatibility
Incompatibility - Characteristics of two hazardous waste substances that when put
together cause combustion or any other potentially dangerous action.
BT Analysis
Indemnification - Securing against loss or damage.
BT Liability
Indian Lands - Land that is part of an Indian reservation.
Industrial Kilns - Vessels constructed of steel casings and lined with refractory brick in
which hazardous waste is burned as fuel. Includes cement, lime, aggregated, and
clay kilns.
BT Incineration
NT Rotary Kilns
Industry - Private generators of hazardous waste. Use for commercial.
BT Generators
NT Batteries
NT Construction
NT Electroplating
NT Mining
Infectious Wastes - Waste capable of producing an infectious disease, characterized by
the presence of a pathogen with sufficient virulence to cause illness. Use for
"Medical Wastes" or "Subtitle J".
BT Waste Types
Information Sources - Sources of information pertaining to hazardous waste.
BT Management
NT Bibliographies
NT Case Studies
NT Databases
NT Directories
NT Inventories
NT Technology Transfer Documents
RT Statistics
Injection Wells
use Underground Injection
22
-------
Innovative Technologies
Innovative Technologies
use Alternative Technologies
Inorganic Chemicals - Non-carbon chemical compounds.
BT Hazardous Substances
NT Acids
NT Asbestos
NT Metals
NT Solvents
RT Organic Chemicals
Inspections - Examination of a hazardous waste site, facility, or generator.
BT Monitoring
Insurance - Contract that guaranties protection, through compensation, from loss or
damage.
BT Liability
NT Private Insurance
Interim Prohibition - Section 9003(g) of RCRA. Prohibits the installation of underground
storage tanks for storing hazardous substances unless certain requirements are met.
BT RCRA
Interim Status - Status of hazardous waste disposal facility until a permit to operate the
facility under RCRA guidelines is granted or denied.
BT Regulation
RT Loss of Interim Status
RT Permits
RT RCRA
International - Includes items that discuss the United States and other nations together, or
items that solely discuss nations other than the United States.
BT Government
RT Local
RT State
Inventories - Lists of particular items.
BT Information Sources
23
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Joint Permits
Joint Permits - The permitting of a Treatment, Storage, and Disposal facility under State and
Federal permits.
Lagoons - Natural or artificial wastewater ponds or basins in which mechanical
(or diffused) air is used to supplement natural oxygen supply.
Land Treatment - Means of waste management in which wastes are deposited and
worked into the soil where natural processes degrade and demobilize the hazardous
constituents within the soil.
BT Conventional Treatment
Landfills - Disposal facilities where hazardous waste is placed in containers, or in bulk form,
covered with soils and left indefinitely.
BT Conventional Treatment
NT Backfill
NT Capping
NT Open Landfills
RT Backfill
Lawsuits
use Litigation
Leachates - A liquid that results from water collecting contaminants as it trickles through
wastes, agricultural pesticides, or fertilizers.
BT Waste Types
RT Leaching
Leaching - Process by which hazardous chemicals are dissolved or carried away by water
or moved into a lower layer of soil.
BT Migration
RT Leachates
Lead - A heavy metal that is hazardous to health if breathed or swallowed. Its use in gasoline,
paints, and plumbing compounds has been sharply restricted or eliminated by
Federal laws and regulations.
RT Metals
24
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Legal Aspects
Legal Aspects - Legislation and resultant regulations, funds, enforcement procedures, and
liability related to hazardous waste enforcement.
NT Cooperative Agreements
NT Enforcement
NT Legislation
NT Liability
NT Regulations
Legislation - Laws, amendments, and particular funds created by the laws.
BT Legal Aspects
NT CERCLA
NT Clean Ak Act
NT Clean Water Act
NT Funds
NT HSWA
NT OSHA
NT RCRA
NT Reauthorization
NT SARA
NT TSCA
RT Government
Lender Liability - The potential liability of a lending institution for the actions of the
borrower.
Liability - Economic responsibility for costs involved in cleanup of a site.
BT Legal Aspects
NT Claims
NT Cost Recovery
NT Indemnification
NT Insurance
NT Penalties
NT PRP
NT Responsible Parties
RT Economic Impact
RT Mixed Funding
Liners - Materials used to prevent the migration of hazardous waste to the surrounding
environment.
BT Conventional Treatment
25
-------
Liquid Infection Incineration
Liquid Injection Incineration - Process which uses a series of atomizing devices to
introduce finely divided droplets of waste mixed with air into a refractory-lined
combustion chamber.
BT Incineration
Liquid Wastes - A waste of fluid form.
BT Waste Types
NT Slurry
Listed Hazardous Waste
use Hazardous Substance Lists
Litigation - Use for lawsuits. Legal action brought in an administrative or judicial forum.
BT Enforcement
NT Civil Judicial Action
NT Criminal Judicial Action
Local - Includes Government agencies, programs, laws, etc., below the State level such as
municipal or county.
BT Government
RT International
RT Municipalities
RT State
Location Standards - Requirements specific to a site.
BT Regulations
RT Facility Standards
Loss of Interim Status - (LOIS) The revocation of interim status of a hazardous waste
facility, caused by the inability of the facility to meet certain RCRA requirements.
BT Regulations
RT Interim Status
RT Permits
RT RCRA
JST Trust Fund - The Fund created by Subtitle I of the HSWA for Federal response to
the problem of leaking underground storage tanks (LUST).
BT Funds
BT Subtitle I
26
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Management
Management - The supervision of programs, policies, regulations, etc., and the
tools used in such supervision.
NT Contractors
NT Contracts
NT Policy
NT Training
Manifest - Invoice of cargo of a shipment of hazardous waste. Regulations require every
shipment of hazardous waste to have a manifest with copies submitted to State and
regional offices.
6T Transportation
Mass Spectrometry - Analysis of a substance or mixture of substances by electromagnetic
separation of ions.
BT Analysis
BT Methodology
Material Safety Data Sheets - (MSDS) Documents) which delineate physical
properties, exposure limits, emergency procedures, etc., for specific hazardous
chemicals.
BT Community Awareness
RT Training
Materials Recovery - Reclamation of useful constituent fractions within a
waste material or the removal of contaminants from a waste source that allows it to
be reused.
BT Waste Minimization
RT Recycling
RT Source Reduction
Mediation - The process of the settling of a dispute by a third party.
BT Enforcement
RT Negotiations
RT Settlements
Medical Waste
use Infectious Wastes
27
-------
Membrane Separation
Membrane Separation - Separation of solutes or contaminants from liquids through the
use of semipermeable membranes. The membranes selectively reject contaminants.
Includes ultrafiltration and hyperfiltration. A physical treatment process.
BT Physical Treatment
NT Electrodialysis
Metals - Includes trace metals and heavy metals.
BT Inorganic Chemicals
RT Lead
Methodology - Procedures used, or the evaluation of procedures.
BT Assessment
NT Data
NT Design
NT Models
NT Quality Assurance
NT Sampling
RT Analysis
RT Data Quality Objectives
RT Monitoring
Migration - Uncontrolled movement of hazardous waste through the environment.
BT Monitoring
NT Leaching
Mining - An industry involved in the removal of ores, coal, etc. from under the surface of the
ground.
BT Industry
Mitre Model - Developed by Mitre Corporation in 1981. Calculates score for potential
Superfund sites. Those with high enough scores are placed on the National Priorities
List.
BT Models
BT NPL
RT Hazard Ranking System
Mixed Funding - Monies from both Superfund and the responsible parties are used to pay
for cleanup at Superfund sites.
BT Superfund
RT Costs
RT Liability
28
-------
Mobile Treatment
Mobile Treatment - Modular equipment and the corresponding processes that can be
brought to a hazardous waste site and transported to a number of sites. Generally,
the equipment is smaller than conventional equipment used in permanent
structures.
BT Alternative Technologies
Models - An investigative tool using a mathematical or physical representation of a system
or theory that accounts for all or some of its known properties.
BT Methodology
NT Mitre Model
Molten Salt Incineration - A form of incineration of waste material that takes place
beneath a bed of molten salt.
BT Incineration
Monitoring - Periodic or continuous review of a program, facility, or the environment.
BT Assessment
NT Inspection
NT Migration
NT Sensing Techniques
RT Analysis
RT Methodology
Municipalities - Townships or cities.
BT Generators
NT Households
NT Sewage
RT Local
Mutagens - Any substance that can cause a change in genetic material.
BT Hazardous Substances
National Contingency Plan or National Oil and Hazardous Substances
Contingency Plan
use NCP
National Priorities List
use NPL
29
-------
Natural Resources
Natural Resources - Land, fish, wildlife, biota, air, water, and other resources belonging
to, managed by, or held in trust by the United States.
BT Ecological Risk
NT Environmental Media
NCP - (National Contingency Plan.) Establishes basic Government procedures for
coordinating State and Federal response at Superfund sites. Use for National Oil and
Hazardous Substances Contingency Plan.
BT Superfund
Negotiations - The submitting and consideration of offers until an acceptable offer is made
and accepted.
BT Enforcement
RT Mediation
RT Settlements
Neutralization - Chemical treatment process in which the interaction of an acid or base
with another solution results in solution or mixture with a ph of between 5 and 9.
BT Chemical Treatment
Non-compliance - The act of not meeting up to the particular requirement of a regulation.
BT Regulations
RT Compliance
Notice Letter - EPA letter which conveys a message to a particular audience. For example,
a letter to TSDF owners or operators informing them of loss of interim status; or a
letter to PRPs advising them of their potential liability.
RT Notification
RT PRP
RT TSDF
Notification - As required by Right-to-Know Provision, Title ffl of SARA, companies must
alert residents of the release of a hazardous substance. Also, refers to any other
method for apprising a target audience.
BT Community Awareness
NT Confidentiality
RT Notice Letter
30
-------
NPL
NFL - (National Priorities List.) List of the most hazardous sites under the Superfund
program.
BT Superfund
RT Hazard Ranking System
RT Mitre Model
Nuclear Waste
use Radioactivity
Ocean Dumping - Disposal of hazardous and municipal waste at sea, subject to the Marine
Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act.
BT Control Methods
Oceans - Bodies of salt water that cover approximately 3/4 of the surface of the earth.
BT Water
Of f-site - Treatment, regulation, production, etc., of hazardous waste other than at the site of
its generation.
BT Sites
Oils - Non-specific term applied to several groups of organic mixtures. Includes petroleum
oils and lubricants.
BT Organic Compounds
On-site - Treatment, regulation, production, etc., of hazardous waste on the property of the
generator of the hazardous waste.
BT Sites
Open Landfills - Any facility or site where hazardous waste is disposed of which is not a
sanitary landfill meeting the criteria promulgated under section 4004 of RCRA.
BT Landfills
RT Solid Wastes
31
-------
Organic Chemicals
Organic Chemicals - Chemical compounds of carbon, excluding carbon monoxide,
carbon dioxide, carbolic acid, metallic carbides, metallic carbonates, and ammonium
carbonate. Includes VOC or "volatile organic compounds."
BT Hazardous Substances
NT Acids
NT Dioxins
NT Oils
NT PAH
NT PCB
NT Solvents
RT Inorganic Chemicals
OSHA - (Occupational Safety and Health Act.)
BT Legislation
PAH - (Polycyclic aromatic hydorcarbons.)
BT Organic Chemicals
RT VOC
PCB - (Polychlorinated Biphenyls.) Any of several organic compounds used in plastics
manufacturing or transformers that are toxic and persistent environmental
pollutants.
BT Carcinogens
BT Organic Chemicals
Penalties - Includes both civil and criminal penalties.
BT Liability
Permits - Compliance of a hazardous waste facility with requirements of RCRA.
BT RCRA
BT Regulations
RT Interim Status
RT Loss of Interim Status
Pesticides - Chemical agents used to kill both plant and animal life that are seen as threats
to agricultural productivity. Includes herbicides.
BT Hazardous Substances
Petroleum - An oily, dark colored liquid (a form of bitumen or mixture of various
hydrocarbons) which is processed for fuel. Includes motor fuels, gasoline, etc.
32
-------
Phase Separation
Phase Separation - Physical treatment process used to separate solid/liquid or liquid/
liquid suspension with different specific gravities.
6T Physical Treatment
NT Centrification
Phenol - Carbolic acid.
BT Acids
BT Carcinogens
Physical Treatment - Processes that separate waste streams by either applying physical
forces or changing the physical form of the waste. In either case, the chemical
structure of the waste stays the same.
BT Alternative Technologies
NT Adsorption
NT Air Stripping
NT Evaporation
NT Excavation
NT Extraction
NT Filtration
NT Membrane Separation
NT Phase Separation
NT Slurry Trenching
NT Steam Stripping
Plume-A visible or measurable discharge of a contaminant from a point-source. It can be
visible or thermal in water, or visible in air.
Policy - The general principles by which the Government is guided in its management of
public affairs. May also include the intended audience of the policy.
BT Management
NT Directives
NT Guidance
NT Regions
Pollution Fund
use 31KK) Fund
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
use PCB
33
-------
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
use Carcinogens
Polymerization - Process which uses catalysts to convert a lower order polymer of a
particular compound to a larger order chemical multiple with different properties for
in-place stabilization/solidification.
BT Stabilization/Solidification
Post-Closure - Time period following the shutdown of a hazardous waste facility. For
monitoring purposes, this is often considered to be 30 years.
BT RCRA
BT TSDF
RT Closure
Post-Closure Liability Fund - Originally authorized by CERCLA to pay cost of
monitoring and maintenance of hazardous waste sites. Repealed by SARA.
BT CERCLA
BT Funds
BT SARA
Potentially Responsible Parties
use PRP
Pozzolanic Process - Method of solidification/stabilization in which waste is mixed with
fine grained siliceous materials such as fly ash or cement kiln dust to produce a
solid. Use for "Fly Ash."
BT Stabilization/Solidification
Pre-Remedial - In the cleanup of a Superfund site the stage prior to the implementation of
the selected remedy.
BT Cleanup
Principal Organic Hazardous Constituents
use Appendix Vm Constituents
34
-------
Private Insurance
Private Insurance - Any insurance not provided by a government entity.
BT Insurance
PRP - (Potentially Responsible Parties.) Parties identified by EPA which may be responsible
for the hazardous waste at an uncontrolled hazardous waste site:
BT Liability
RT Cost Recovery
RT Responsible Parties
POTW - (Publicly Owned Treatment Works.) A waste treatment facility owned by a State,
unit of local government or Indian tribe, usually designed to treat domestic
wastewaters.
BT Local
BT State
Public Health
use Human Health Risk
Pyrolysis - Thermal decomposition of hazardous materials in an oxygen deficient
atmosphere.
BT Thermal Treatment
Quality Assurance - A system of procedures, checks, audits, and corrective actions used
to ensure that field work and laboratory analysis during the investigation and
cleanup of Superfund sites meet established standards.
BT Methodology
R & D - Research and development of a technology application.
Radioactivity - Emission of alpha, beta, or gamma rays either naturally or as the result of
human manipulation. Use for nuclear.
BT Energy
35
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RCRA
RCRA - (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.)
BT Legislation
NT HSWA
NT Interim Prohibition
NT Subtitle C
NT Subtitle D
NT Subtitle I
RT Interim Status
RT Loss of Interim Status
RT Permits
RCRA Amendments
use HSWA
Reactivity - Characteristic of hazardous waste whereby it is unstable and rapidly undergoes
a chemical reaction with other materials.
BT Analysis
RT Corrosivity
RT EP Toxicity
RT Ignitability
Reauthorization - The reapproval of a specific piece of legislation or program. Includes the
debate and discussion of the issues associated with the reauthorization.
BT Legislation
RT RCRA
RT SARA
RT Supeifund
Record of Decision
use ROD
Recordkeeping Requirements - Those requirements set forth in the Code of Federal
Regulations for the transportation, collection, and disposal of hazardous waste.
BT Regulations
RT Reporting Requirements
Recycling - The use or reuse of a waste as an effective substitute for a commercial product
or as an ingredient of feedstock in an industrial process.
BT Waste Minimization
RT Materials Recovery
RT Source Reduction
36
-------
Region 1
Region 1 - Includes States of Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode
Island, and Connecticut.
BT Regions
Region 2 - Includes States of New York and New Jersey; Puerto Rico and the Virgin
Islands.
BT Regions
Region 3 - Includes States of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, West Virginia, Virginia;
and the District of Columbia.
BT Regions
Region 4 - Includes States of Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Georgia, Alabama, Florida, and Mississippi.
BT Regions
Region 5 - Includes States of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio.
BT Regions
Region 6 - Includes States of New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana.
BT Regions
Region 7 - Includes States of Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and Missouri.
BT Regions
Region 8 - Includes States of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Utah, and
Colorado.
BT Regions
Region 9 - Includes States of California, Nevada, Arizona, Hawaii; and Guam.
BT Regions
Region 10 - Includes States of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Alaska.
BT Regions
37
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Regions
Regions - EPA administrative units.
NT Region 1
NT Region 2
NT Regions
NT Region 4
NT Region 5
NT Region 6
NT Region 7
NT Regions
NT Region 9
NT Region 10
RT State
Regulations - Rules or orders issued by governmental departments to carry out the intent of
the law. Use for standards.
BT Legal Aspects
NT Alternative Concentration Limits
NT California List
NT Compliance
NT Exemptions
NT Facility Standards
NT Financial Responsibility Requirements
NT Hazardous Substance Lists
NT Interim Status
NT Location Standards
NT Loss of Interim Status
NT Non-compliance
NT Permits
NT Recordkeeping Requirements
NT Reporting Requirements
RT Government
Releases - The unintentional spill or emission of hazardous materials into the environment.
BT Emergency Response
NT Fires
Remedial Actions - Those solutions either proposed or actually undertaken for the
permanent cleanup at a Superfund site. Use for Remedial Designs, Remedial
Response.
BT Cleanup
BT Remedy Selection
NT Data Quality Objectives
RT Removal Actions
RT Superfund
38
-------
Remedial Designs
Remedial Designs
use Remedial Actions
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study
use RI/FS
Remedial Response
use Remedial Actions
Remedy Selection - Process by which a methodology is chosen for the cleanup of a
Superfund site. The selection process represents the best balance between the
effectiveness, implementation, and cost factors examined in the Remedial
Investigation/Feasibility Study process.
BT Cleanup
NT Remedial Actions
NT RI/FS
NT Removal Actions
Removal Actions - Cleanup actions at Superfund sites which may not be permanent in
nature.
BT Cleanup
BT Emergency Response
BT Remedy Selection
RT Remedial Actions
Reporting Requirements - Certain requirements for the reporting of a spill or
unintentional release of hazardous waste into the environment.
BT Regulations
RT Recordkeeping Requirements
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
use RCRA
Resource Recovery
use Materials Recovery
39
-------
Responsible Parties
Responsible Parties - Parties identified by EPA that are responsible for hazardous wastes
at a controlled hazardous waste site. Such parties are liable for costs incurred by the
Government for removal or immediate action, etc.
BT Liability
RT Cost Recovery
RT PRP
Restoration - Process of returning a damaged environment to its pre-damaged state,
excludes Superfund program. Use for non Superfund program cleanup.
8T Ecological Risk
RT Cleanup
Retro-fit - The addition of a new item, modification or removal of an existing item of
equipment beyond that of regular maintenance.
BT Equipment
RI/FS - (Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Studies.) Two studies conducted at all
National Priority List sites. RI determines the type and extent of contamination.
FS evaluates the cleanup alternatives.
BT Cleanup
BT Remedy Selection
RT ROD
Right-to-Know - Title m of SARA, "Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know
Act of 1986." Establishes: (1) regulatory program that requires the disclosure of
information about the danger of hazardous chemicals to the public; and
(2) emergency response plans in case of endangerment from a hazardous chemical
or substance.
BT SARA
RT Community Awareness
RT Emergency Preparedness
Risk Assessment - The qualitative and quantitative evaluation performed in an effort to
define the risk posed to human health and /or the environment by the presence or
potential presence and/or use of specific pollutants.
BT Assessment
RT Ecological Risk
RT Human Health Risk
40
-------
ROD
ROD - (Record of Decision.) Compiled for each site on the National Priorities List.
Delineates contamination, cleanup, and liability issues for each site.
BT Superfund
RT RI/FS
Rotary Kilns - Kilns in which the combustion of the waste is enhanced through the rotation
of the kiln on its axis.
BT Industrial Kilns
Sampling - A statistical method in which a subset of a group is used for testing or analysis.
BT Methodology
SARA - (Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986.) Amendments to CERCLA.
BT Legislation
BT Reauthorization
NT Post Closure Liability Fund
NT Right-to-Know
RT CERCLA
Section 3008(H) - Part of the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments. Allows the EPA to
take enforcement action to require corrective action or other responses necessary to
protect human life whenever there has been a hazardous release in the
environment.
BT HSWA
RT Enforcement
Sediment - Soils and other solids that are deposited by water to the floor of the body of water.
RT Soil
Sensing Techniques - Specific means by which monitoring of the environment is
accomplished.
BT Monitoring
NT Bioassay
41
-------
Settlements
Settlements - An agreement between two parties relating to hazardous waste regulatory
enforcement.
BT Enforcement
NT De Minimis
RT Cost Recovery
RT Mediation
RT Negotiations
Sewage - Waste matter, including human body wastes, carried within sewers or drains.
BT Municipalities
SHE Program - (Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation.) Program to accelerate
development and use of new alternative technologies for cleanup at Superfund sites.
BT Superfund
RT Alternative Technologies
Sites - The location where hazardous waste is either generated, stored, abandoned,
or treated, including adjacent land used in conjunction with such activities.
BT Generators
NT Abandoned Sites
NT Off-Site
NT On-Site
NT Uncontrolled Sites
Sludge - The concentration of solids removed from sewage during wastewater treatment.
BT Solid Wastes
Slurry - A watery mixture of insoluble matter that results from some pollution control
techniques.
BT Liquid Wastes
Slurry Trenching - A subsurface cut-off or wall of low permeability placed near a polluting
waste source in order to capture or contain resulting contamination. Use for 'Slurry
Wall."
BT Physical Treatment
Small Quantity Generators - Businesses that produce less than 1,000 kilograms or
2,200 pounds of hazardous waste in a month.
BT Generators
42
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Soil
Soil - The surface layer of the earth.
BT Environmental Media
NT Aquifer
Soil Venting - Remediation technology which involves the excavation of soil for
treatment in an aerated mill or drum, resulting in the volatilization of VOCs.
BT Alternative Technologies
BT Cleanup
Soil Washing/Soil Flushing - Physical treatment process which extracts contaminants
from a sludge-soil matrix using a liquid medium process. An extraction process
specifically for soils.
BT Alternative Technologies
BT Cleanup
BT Extraction
Solid Wastes - Non-liquid, non-soluble materials, ranging from municipal garbage to
industrial wastes that contain complex, and sometimes hazardous substances.
BT Waste Types
NT Dusts
NT Sludge
RT Subtitle D
Solvent Extraction - Remediation technology which uses chemical extraction processes to
separate contaminated soil and sludge into their respective phase fractions:
organics, water and particulate solids.
BT Alternative Technologies
BT Cleanup
BT Extraction
RT Chemical Treatment
Solvents - A substance that dissolves other materials, reducing them to molecular or ionic
form.
BT Inorganic Chemicals
BT Organic Chemicals
Sorption - Method of solidification/stabilization in which hazard contaminants are bound
up in pozzolan type matrices through either physical or chemical sorption.
BT Stabilization/Solidification
43
-------
Source Reduction
Source Reduction - The reduction or elimination of waste generated at the source, usually
through an external process. Source reduction implies any action that reduces the
amount from a process.
BT Waste Minimization
RT Materials Recovery
RT Recycling
Spills
use Releases
Stabilization Ponds - A large shallow basin for purifying industrial wastes which
encourages the growth of bacteria and algae in converting organic materials to
nontoxic organic substances.
BT Biological Treatment
RT Lagoons
Stabilization/Solidification - Treatment to improve the structural stability and reduce
the migration of waste. Often involves the conversion of a liquid waste to a solid
waste. An alternative technology. Includes related equipment. Use for
immobilization or fixation.
BT Alternative Technologies
NT Cementing
NT Polymerization
NT Pozzolanic Process
NT Sorption
Standards - A measurement, criteria, model by which a program, procedure or performance
can be compared.
RT Models
RT Regulations
State - Within the context of American political structure, the governing organizational
unit which is directly below the national level.
BT Government
Statistics - Numerical facts or data tabulated to present significant information about a given
subject.
RT Information Sources
44
-------
Steam Stripping
Steam Stripping - Physical treatment process in which hazardous organic constituents
are removed by volatilization through the dual process of heating wastewater to its
boiling point and then forcing the resulting steam through the water.
BT Physical Treatment
Storage - The placement of non-treated hazardous waste at facilities or sites.
6T Conventional Treatment
NT Containers
Storage Tanks - Stationary devices constructed primarily of non-earthen materials designed
to contain an accumulation of hazardous waste.
BT Containers
NT Corrosion
NT Underground Storage Tanks
Subtitle C - Part of RCRA. Concerns the management of hazardous waste.
BT RCRA
Subtitle D - Part of RCRA. Establishes a framework for coordinating Federal, State, and
local government in the management of non-hazardous solid waste.
BT RCRA
RT Solid Wastes
Subtitle I - Part of RCRA. Concerns the regulations of Underground Storage Tanks.
BT RCRA
NT LUST Trust Fund
Subtitle)
use Infectious Wastes
Supercritical Extraction - Extraction process which is more efficient than traditional
extraction. Within this process wastes are subjected to extremely high temperatures
and pressures, thereby altering their solvent properties.
BT Extraction
45
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Supercritical Water Oxidation
Supercritical Water Oxidation - Process in which air and aqueous wastes are mixed at a temperature
and pressure above the critical point of water. The process results in the oxidation of organic
wastes to carbon monoxide and water.
BT Wet Oxidation
Superfund - Refers to the Program and Fund created by CERCLA, the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act for cleaning up abandoned and emergency
hazardous waste sites.
BT Reauthorization
NT CERCUS
NT Cleanup
NT Mixed Funding
NT NCP
NT NPL
NT ROD
NT SITE Program
NT Superfund Study
NT Treatability Study
RT CERCLA
RT Funds
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
use SITE Program
Superfund Study - Includes reports on or audits of the Superfund program, tracked by the
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
BT Superfund
Surface Impoundments - Facility or part of a facility that can be a natural topographic
depression, man-made excavation, or diked area formed primarily of earthen
materials. The impoundment may be lined with man-made materials, designed to
hold hazardous waste.
BT Conventional Treatment
Surface Water - All water naturally open to the atmosphere and all springs, wells, or other
collectors that are directly influenced by surface water.
BT Water
RT Drinking Water
RT Groundwater
RT Oceans
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Taxes
Taxes - Means of raising money for various funds.
BT Economic Assessment
RT Finances
RT Funds
Technology Transfer Documents - A set of key documents, identified by EPA's Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response for the exchange of information on
hazardous waste both within and outside EPA. Use for A List, B List, or C List.
BT Information Sources
Testing
use Analysis
Thermal Destruction
use Thennal Treatment
Thermal Treatment - Alternative technology through which high temperature is used as
the principal means of destroying or detoxifying hazardous waste. Includes related
equipment.
BT Alternative Technologies
NT Incineration
NT Fyrolysis
NT Wet Oxidation
Title m
use Right-to-Know
Toluene - An aromatic organic compound that is a source of phenols and is quite toxic in
original form.
BT Organic Chemicals
Total Quality Management - The application of management techniques and statistical
controls to a process in order to improve any product "constantly and forever."
BT Management
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Toxic Substances
Toxic Substance Control Act
use TSCA
Toxicological Profile - Characterizes the lexicological and health effects information for a
particular hazardous substance. Prepared by the Agency for Toxic Substances.and Disease
Registry.
BT ATSDR
BT Human Health Risk
RT HEAS
RT HEEDS
RT HEEPS
Training - Includes the teaching or implementation of procedures for safe handling of
hazardous waste materials.
BT Management
RT Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
RT Worker Protection
Transportation - The intentional movement of hazardous waste by any mode, including a
pipeline. Use for transportation by a common or contract carrier, including stoppage in transit.
For the unintentional movement of hazardous waste, use migration.
BT Conventional Treatment
NT Manifest
Treatability Study - A report (e.g., from the Superfund Treatability Clearinghouse) outlining the
hazardous waste remediation activities undertaken at a hazardous waste site by a
contractor.
BT Superfund
RT Cleanup
RT Contractors
Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facility
use TSDF
TSCA - (Toxic Substance Control Act)
BT Legislation
48
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TSDF
TSDF - (Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facility.) Site where a hazardous
substance is treated, stored, or disposed.
BT Control Methods
Uncontrolled Sites - Sources of hazardous waste where the contamination is increasing
or migrating. No removal procedures or remedial actions have been undertaken.
BT Sites
Underground Injection - The disposal of liquid hazardous waste in deep wells drilled in
land formations which ideally have no resource value and are non-permeable. Use for
injection wells.
BT Conventional Treatment
NT Capping
Underground Storage Tanks - Stationary devices, often constructed of non-earthen
materials, designed to contain an accumulation of hazardous waste. Tanks are
typically used to store petroleum related products.
BT Storage Tanks
Utilities - Companies engaged in the provision of electric power, gas, water, and other
services to the general public.
BT Energy
Vapor Extraction - Remediation technology that removes VOCs from soils by applying vacuum
pressure through production wells. Use for 'Vacuum Extraction."
BT Alternative Technologies
BT Cleanup
BT Extraction
VOC - (Volatile Organic Compounds.) Any organic compound which participates in atmospheric
photochemical reactions except for those designated by the EPA Administrator as having
negligible photochemical reactivity.
RT Organic Chemicals
49
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Waste Minimization
Waste Minimization - The reduction, to the fullest extent feasible, of hazardous waste that
is generated or subsequently treated, stored, or disposed of.
BT Co itrol Methods
RT Materials Recovery
RT Recycling
RT Source Reduction
Waste Types - Any solid, liquid or gaseous material, no longer used, that is either listed as
hazardous under RCRA regulations or can be identified as hazardous by the
characteristics of ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or EP toxicity.
NT Emissions
NT Infectious Wastes
NT Leachates
NT Liquid Wastes
NT Medical Waste
NT Solid Wastes
RT Hazardous Substances
RT Generators
Water - Liquid composed of hydrogen and oxygen that occurs on earth as rivers, lakes, and
oceans.
8T Environmental Media
NT Drinking Water
NT Groundwater
NT Oceans
NT Surface Water
Wet Oxidation - Thermal treatment of hazardous waste in which organic materials are
broken down through the use of elevated temperatures and pressures in a water solution or
suspension.
BT Thermal Treatment
NT Supercritical Water Oxidation
Worker Protection - Includes the risks encountered in the workplace. For procedures
concerning the safe handling of hazardous waste, see Training.
BT Human Health Risk
RT Training
311(K) Fund - Funds from Clean Water Act used to respond to hazardous substance
discharge on interim basis before reauthorization of Superfund. Use for Pollution
Fund.
BT Clean Water Act
BT Funds
50
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LIST OF CORPORATE SOURCES
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LIST OF CORPORATE SOURCES
Listed below are the names of Government agencies, EPA Offices, and other
organizations that have produced documents which are included in the Hazardous Waste
Superfund Collection and Database. Asterisked items (*) are non-EPA sources. These
corporate sources can be searched in the Hazardous Waste Superfund Database using one
or more terms in the name or the acronym.
AEERL
ASRL
ATSDR*
C&SD/OW
CAD/OSW
CBO*
CDC*
CEC*
CEPP
CERI
CERLCOR
CRS*
DOD*
DOE*
DOI*
DOJ*
DOT*
EAD
ECAO
ECAOCIN
ECAORTP
AIR AND ENERGY ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES RESEARCH LAB
AGENCY FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND DISEASE REGISTRY
CRITERIA AND STANDARDS DIVISION/ OFFICE OF WATER
CHARACTERIZATION AND ASSESSMENT DIVISION/OFFICE OF SOLID
WASTE
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
CHEMICAL EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM
CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH & INFORMATION
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, CORVALLIS, OR
CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS DIVISION
ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA ASSESSMENT OFFICE
ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA ASSESSMENT OFFICE, CINCINNATI, OH
ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA ASSESSMENT OFFICE, RESEARCH
TRIANGLE PARK, NC
51
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EERF
EMSLCIN
EMSLLV
EMSLRTP
EOP*
EPA
EPAHQLIB
EPRB
ERD/OERR
ERL
ERLATHENS
ERLDULUTH
ERLGULF
ERLKERR
ESED
ESLLV
FEMA»
GAO*
GLNPO
GLWQB
GWPP
HERLCIN
HERLRTP
HIWD/OSW
HRSD/OERR
EASTERN ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION FACILITY, MONTGOMERY, AL
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LAB,
CINCINNATI, OH
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEMS LAB, LAS VEGAS, NV
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEMS LAB, RESEARCH TRIANGLE
PARK,NC
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, HEADQUARTERS LIBRARY
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND RESPONSE BRANCH, OFFICE OF
EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE
EMERGENCY RESPONSE DIVISION/OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND
REMEDIAL RESPONSE
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, ATHENS, GA
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, DULUTH, MN
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, GULF BREEZE, FL
ROBERT S. KERR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LAB, ADA, OK
EMISSIONS STANDARDS AND ENGINEERING DIVISION
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS LABORATORY, LAS VEGAS, NV
FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE
GREAT LAKES NATIONAL PROGRAM OFFICE
GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY BOARD
GROUND-WATER PROTECTION PROGRAM
HEALTH EFFECTS RESEARCH LABORATORY, CINCINNATI, OH
HEALTH EFFECTS RESEARCH LAB, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC
HAZARDOUS AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE DIVISION/ OFFICE OF
SOLID WASTE
HAZARDOUS RESPONSE SUPPORT DIVISION/ OFFICE OF EMERGENCY
AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE
52
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HSCD/OERR
HSEOFREP*
HSED/OERR
HWERL
HWGWTF
IAEA*
ffiRL
IMSD
MDSD/OW
MERL
NEA*
NEIC
NIOSH*
NRC*
NRT
OAE
OAQPS
ODW
OEA
OECD*
OECM
OEMI
OER
OERR
OGC
OGWP
OHEA
HAZARDOUS SITE CONTROL DIVISION/ OFFICE OF EMERGENCY
AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE
U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
HAZARDOUS SITE EVALUATION DIVISION/OERR
HAZARDOUS WASTE ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB, CINCINNATI, OH
HAZARDOUS WASTE GROUND WATER TASK FORCE
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY ASSOCIATION
INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LAB
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND SERVICES DIVISION
MONITORING AND DATA SUPPORT DIVISION/ OFFICE OF WATER
MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY
NATIONAL ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIONS CENTER
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
NATIONAL RESPONSE TEAM
OFFICE OF ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION
OFFICE OF AIR QUALITY PLANNING AND STANDARDS
OFFICE OF DRINKING WATER
OFFICE OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS
ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING
OFFICE OF ENERGY, MINERALS, AND INDUSTRY
OFFICE OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE
OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL
OFFICE OF GROUND-WATER PROTECTION
OFFICE OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
53
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OHMS/OERR
OIG
OIRM
OLEC*
OPA
OPE
OPM/OERR
OPMT/OSWER
OPP
OPPE
OPPT
OPRM
ORD
ORNAL
OSBO
OSMCD
OSW
OSWER
OSWMP
OTA»
OUST
OW
OWEP
OWPE/OSWER
OWRS/OW
OWWM
OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILL BRANCH/ OFFICE OF
EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
OFFICE OF INFORMATION RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
OFFICE OF LEGAL AND ENFORCEMENT COUNSEL
OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS
OFFICE OF PLANNING AND EVALUATION
OFFICE OF PROGRAM MANAGEMENT/OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND
REMEDIAL RESPONSE
OFFICE OF PROGRAM MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, OFFICE OF
SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS
OFFICE OF POLICY PLANNING AND EVALUATION
OFHCE OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND TOXICS
OFFICE OF POLICY AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
OFFICE OF SMALL BUSINESS OMBUDSMAN
OIL AND SPECIAL MATERIALS CONTROL DIVISION
OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE
OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
OFHCE OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS
OFHCE OF TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
OFHCE OF UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
OFHCE OF WATER
OFHCE OF WATER ENFORCEMENT PERMITS
OFHCE OF WASTE PROGRAMS ENFORCEMENT/ OFHCE OF SOLID
WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
OFHCE OF WATER REGULATION AND STANDARDS/ OFHCE OF WATER
OFHCE OF WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT
54
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PAS/OERR
PSPD/OSW
REG.1
REG2
REG3
REG.4
REG5
REG.6
REG.7
REG.8
REG.9
REG.10
RREL
SAB
SENATE*
SMB/OSW
SPB/OSW
TRDB
TREASURY*
USAP
USGS*
WERL
WIB/OSW
WMED/OSW
POLICY ANALYSIS STAFF/OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL
RESPONSE
PERMITS AND STATE PROGRAM DIVISION/OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE
REGION 1, U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION 2
REGIONS
REGION 4
REGION 5
REGION 6
REGION 7
REGION 8
REGION 9
REGION 10
RISK REDUCTION ENGINEERING LAB, CINCINNATI, OH
SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD
U.S. SENATE
STUDIES AND METHODS BRANCH/ OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE
STATE PROGRAMS BRANCH/ OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE
TEST RULES DEVELOPMENT BRANCH
U.S. TREASURY DEPARTMENT
U.S. AIR FORCE
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
WASTE ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
WASTE IDENTIFICATION BRANCH/OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE
WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS DIVISION/ OFFICE OF SOLID
WASTE
55
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