»EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency Information Resources Management (PM-211D) EPA 220-B-92-031 PB93-128320 January 1993 Superfund Information Access Series: ,r HAZARDOUS WASTE SUPERFUND DATABASE THESAURUS Hazardous Waste Superfund Collection Printed on Recycled Papei ------- Hazardous Waste Superfund Collection Hazardous Waste Superfund Database Thesaurus January 1993 Information Access Branch, PM-211D Information Management and Services Division Office of Information Resources Management Office of Administration and Resources Management U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Room 2904 401M Street, S.W. Washington, DC 20460 (202) 260-5934 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, LibrcTv 'P(_-!2J) 77 Wss> J,:^s;n 3,-. . ^rd, 12th Floor Chicago, it 60604-3590 ------- HAZARDOUS WASTE SUPERFUND COLLECTION AND DATABASE The Hazardous Waste Superfund Collection (HWSFC) is a special EPA Headquarters Library Collection on the subject of hazardous waste. Access to the Collection is enhanced by a Database (HWSFD) of bibliographic entries which correspond to each item in the Collection. The EPA Information Access Branch is responsible for the contents and maintenance of the Collection and Database. ACCESS GOALS The Collection and Database: Provide a unified resource of major hazardous waste reports, books and journals available through the EPA Library Network. Provide current information to assist EPA staff in making timely and effective policy and regulatory policy decisions. Assist in the transfer of hazardous waste information from the EPA to the states as part of the Agency's technology transfer effort. CONTENTS Continually growing, the Collection contains books and journals, legislation and regulations, reports from Federal agencies, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (C- \VER) policy and guidance directives and EPA reports ntM. selected program offices. The Database mirrors the contents of the Collection. A user can search the Database with little or no computer experience. The Hazardous Waste Superfund Collection is available for use in the EPA Headquarters Library. Selected documents from the Collection are distributed to the 10 EPA Regional libraries and laboratories in Ada, OK; Cincinnati, OH; Edison, NJ; Las Vegas, NV; Research Triangle Park, NC and the National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) in Denver, CO. The Database is updated quarterly and reflects ongoing acquisitions to the Collection. The Database is available to the public through the EPA Online Library System (OLS) which resides on the EPA mainframe. To access it, the user will need a computer, modem and telecommunications software. The dial in number is (919) 549-0720. The parameters are as follows: 300-9600 baud rate 7 bits 1 stop bit even parity At the first prompt, the user types F to access "EPA OLS". The user then follows the prompts. To log off, the user types Q and follows the prompts. For user support, call: (800) 334-2405. For a user manual to OLS, call (919) 541-2777. A PC version of the Database can be used at the HQ Hazardous Waste Superfund Collection Reference area. It is also on display at EPA's new Public Information Center. For more information about the PC version call: Felice Sacks (contractor) Head Librarian of the HWSFC (202) 260-3021 II ------- CONTENTS PAGE Introduction v Guide to Format vfi Keywords Added viii Acronyms ix PART ONE: Alphabetical Ust of Keywords 1 PART TWO: List of Corporate Sources 51 HI ------- INTRODUCTION This Hazardous Waste Superfund Database Thesaurus (Thesaurus) provides an index to terminology related to hazardous waste and facilitates the use of the Hazardous Waste Superfund Database (HWSFD). In this third edition of the Thesaurus new keywords have been added to ensure that the Thesaurus reflects current concerns in the field of hazardous waste. Several keywords, which were not used extensively, have been deleted. The Thesaurus is divided into two parts: the Alphabetical List of Keywords and the List of Corporate Sources. The first part lists the Database indexing terms alphabetically with an accompanying definition. Beneath each term are found other terms that have been classified as "broader"(BT), "narrower"(NT), or "related"(RT) to the listed keyword. The List of Corporate Sources contains a complete list of names and acronyms for organizational sources currently indexed within the collection. This list will aid users in their search for documents prepared by EPA Offices or other government agencies. The terms and their accompanying definitions have not been subject to peer review. This Thesaurus is meant as an aid to individuals searching only the Hazardous Waste Superfund Database. These terms and their definitions in no way reflect the official views or policy of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The Hazardous Waste Superfund Database allows patrons access to information in the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Hazardous Waste Superfund Collection (HWSFC). The Collection consists of: EPA reports, policy and guidance directives from the EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER), commercially published books, audiovisual materials, legislation, regulations, and reports from selected Government Agencies, such as the General Accounting Office. All items contained within the Collection have as their primary focus the subject of hazardous waste. For more information on these documents, please refer to Guide to Key Documents and Information Sources which is part of the Superfund Information Access Each item in the Collection corresponds to a record in the Hazardous Waste Superfund Database. The Thesaurus lists subject terms used to classify the documents in the Collection. Users of the Thesaurus will formulate more effective searches and retrieve more pertinent records from the Database. The Hazardous Waste Superfund Database can be accessed by dialing into EPA's mainframe or using computer programs on a personal computer. Details for access are contained in the Superfund Information Access Series publication, Hazardous Waste Suverfund Database Users Manual ------- For further information about this document or the Hazardous Waste Superfund Collection, contact the following librarians of the Hazardous Waste Superfund Collection: Felice Sacks, (contractor), Head Librarian, or Fabienne McGovern (contractor), Reference Librarian at 202/260-5934. The address is U.S. FJ»A Headquarters Library, Room 2904, Mail Code PM-211A, 401M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460. This document is part of a series entitled Superfund Information Access Series. The series is a comprehensive guide to information resources available at the Environmental Protection Agency on the subject of the Superfund program and related hazardous waste topics. The individual publications comprising the series are as follows: Guide to Key Documents and Information Sources - describes individual document types forming the core of the Hazardous Waste Superfund Collection and categorizes the Collection according to reference type and subtopics. Provides information on obtaining publications. Journals - an annotated guide to journals and other serials covering hazardous waste topics. Databases and Electronic Systems - fact sheets on databases and bulletin board systems supported by EPA and containing data related to hazardous waste. Hazardous Waste Superfund Database Users Manual - a guide for using the online and PC versions of the Hazardous Waste Superfund Database. Hazardous Waste Superfund Database Thesaurus - a keyword guide for terms used to search the Hazardous Waste Superfund Database. Legislation and Regulations - information about legislative and regulatory sources within the Collection. Building a Hazardous Waste Collection - a "how to" book on acquiring basic items for a hazardous waste collection. Reference herein to any specific commercial publisher or service does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the EPA. M VI ------- GUIDE TO THE FORMAT Shown below is a sample entry from the Alphabetical Display. 1 >Remedial Actions - Those solutions either proposed or actually 2 >undertaken for the permanent cleanup at a Superfund site. Use for Remedial Designs, Remedial Response. ->BT Cleanup BT Remedy Selection ->NT Data Quality Objectives (DQO) ->RT Removal Actions Remedial Designs >use Remedial Actions (1) Keyword (2) Definition (3) BT - "Broader Term." Indicates that the keyword following BT is the more general concept under which the listed keyword would fall. The user might choose to search using the broader keyword for a more comprehensive or general search. (4) NT - "Narrower Term." Indicates that the keyword following NT is a more specific concept under the listed keyword. The user may choose to search using the narrower keyword for a more selective search. (5) RT - "Related Term." The keyword following RT is a concept closely related to the listed keyword other than the NT or BT relationships. The searcher may wish to search on the related keyword for a more comprehensive search. (6) Use - Directs the user from a term not recognized as a keyword to an acceptable, recognized keyword. The searcher would never search on the non- recognized term, rather he/she should search on the synonym or newer keyword that follows the phrase "use." vii ------- KEYWORDS ADDED TO THE HAZARDOUS WASTE SUPERFUND DATABASE SINCE JANUARY 1, 1992 Administrative Activities ARARS Carbon Adsorption Closure Community Relations DOE DOD Decontamination Dehalogenation Documentation Export FOIA Finances GAO Hazard Ranking System Import In-Situ Vitrification Joint Permits :,ead Lender Liability Mass Spectrometry Notice Letter PAH POTW Plume Post-Closure R&D Risk Assessment Sediment Soil Venting Solvent Extraction Standards Statistics Toluene Total Quality Management VOC Vapor Extraction viii ------- ACRONYMS CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act EPA Environmental Protection Agency HWSFC Hazardous Waste Superfund Collection HWSFD Hazardous Waste Superfund Database OS WER Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act IX ------- ALPHABETICAL LIST OF KEYWORDS ------- *A~List "A" List use Technology Transfer Documents Abandoned Sites - A hazardous site, facility or generator that is no longer used due to permanent shutdown or disrepair. BT Sites Acids - Compounds, either organic or inorganic, that have certain similar properties, one being a pH of less than 7.0. BT Inorganic Chemicals BT Organic Chemicals NT Phenol Administrative Activities - Any tasks or activities pertaining to the management of an office, project or program. Adsorption - An advanced method of treating wastes in which activated carbon removes organic matter from wastewater. BT Physical Treatment Aerated Lagoons use Lagoons Aeration - Biological treatment that is marked by the circulation of oxygen through a substance such as wastewater. BT Biological Treatment NT Aerated Lagoons RT Aerobic Biodegradation RT Anaerobic Biodegradation Aerobic Biodegradation - Biological treatment through which microorganisms metabolize biodegradable organics in aqueous waste in an oxygen environment. Includes activated sludge process. BT Biological Treatment RT Aeration RT Anaerobic Biodegradation 1 ------- Air Air - The atmosphere of the earth, characterized by a mixture of gases, including nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, neon, and helium. BT Environmental Media Air Stripping - System which provides for mass transfer of volatile organic contaminants from a liquid phase to a gas phase. A type of physical treatment. BT Physical Treatment Alternative Concentration Limits - (ACL) Limits, determined by an EPA Regional Administrator, which permit the occurrence of higher levels of hazardous substances than normally allowed. BT Regulations Alternative Technologies - Any unit operations and their related equipment that permanently alter the composition and toxicity of hazardous waste through biological, physical, thermal, and chemical treatment or through a stabilization/ solidification process. BT Control Methods NT Best Demonstrated Available Treatment NT Biological Treatment NT Chemical Treatment NT Mobile Treatment NT Physical Treatment NT Stabilization/Solidification NT Thermal Treatment RT Conventional Treatment RT SITE Program Anaerobic Biodegradation - Biological treatment in which microorganisms metabolize biodegradable organics in aqueous waste in an oxygen deficient environment. BT Biological Treatment RT Aeration RT Aerobic Biodegradation Analysis - The testing of substances to determine their chemical composition or hazardous characteristics. Use for testing. BT Assessment NT Corrosivity NT EP Toxicity NT Gas Chromatography NT Ignitability ------- Appendix VIII Constituents NT Incompatibility NT Reactivity RT Methodology RT Monitoring Appendix VIII Constituents - As listed in 40 CFR 261. These chemicals when found in a substance are used as criteria for placement on a Hazardous Substance List. Includes Principal Organic Constituents. BT Hazardous Substance Lists Aquifer - Underground bed or layer of earth, gravel, or porous stone containing water. BT Soil ARARS - (Applicable or relevant and appropriate requirements.) Requirements established by SARA to ensure that Federal or State cleanup standards of control and other environmental protection requirements, criteria or limitations for hazardous wastes are applicable or relevant and appropriate to the Superfund site. Asbestos * Fibrous magnesium silicate. Highly carcinogenic. BT Carcinogens BT Inorganic Chemicals Assessment - The quantitative and qualitative study of hazardous waste and its sources. May include its effects on the environment, including the human population. NT Analysis NT Ecological Risk NT Economic Assessment NT Generators NT Human Health Risk NT Methodology NT Monitoring ATSDR - (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.) NT Toxicological Profile Audits - A formal examination of the financial activities of an organization. BT Economic Assessment ------- "B- Ust "B" List use Technology Transfer Documents Backfill - The process through which a previously excav od hazardous waste site is rilled with non-contaminated organic material and ve. cation. BT Landfills RT Capping RT Excavation Batteries - A group of cells or one cell which store an electric charge and emit a current. Source of hazardous waste. BT Industry BOAT - (Best Demonstrated Available Treatment). Ranking of hazardous waste alternative technologies for each specific waste. Ranking is based on factors such as availability and performance. BT Alternative Technologies Bibliographies - A list of citations of journal articles, books, or reports. BT Information Sources Bioassay - Use of living organisms to measure the effect of a substance on the environment. BT Sensing Techniques Biological Tieatment - Alternative technology process whereby the organic components of hazardous waste are biologically decomposed or altered under controlled conditions to a state which is either non-toxic or less toxic than its pretreatment state. Includes composting. BT Alternative Technologies NT Aeration NT Aerobic Biodcgradation NT Anaerobic Biodegradation NT Stabilization Ponds Boilers - Vessels in which hazardous waste is used as supplementary fueFto coal or oil. BT Incineration ------- C" List "C" List use Technology Transfer Documents California List - List of liquid hazardous wastes containing certain metals, cyanides, PCBs, corrosives, etc. List subsequently incorporated into the provisions of the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments. BT Regulations Capping - The covering of a landfill, injection well, etc., after operations have ceased. BT Landfills BT Underground Injection RT Backfill Carbon Adsorption - The use of activated carbon to control effluents/emissions by absorbing VOCs from a flue gas stream or water. Carcinogens - Chemicals that cause cancer. Includes polycydic aromatic hydrocarbons. BT Hazardous Substances NT Asbestos NT Dioxins NT Phenol NT PCB Case Studies - A document that summarizes the history, including contamination and remediation, of a particular hazardous waste site. BT Information Sources Cement Kiln Dust use Pozzolanic Process Cementing - Process through which wastes are stirred in water and then mixed directly with cement. Suspended particles are incorporated into hardened concrete. BT Stabilization/Solidification ------- Centrification Centrif ication - The separation of hazardous waste through the use of centrifugal force. The waste is placed in a confined vessel and then rapidly rotated, forcing the components of the waste to break apart and separate at the outermost walls of the vessel. 6T Phase Separation CERCLA - (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act.) BT Legislation NT Post-Closure Liability Fund RT CERCLIS RT SARA RT Superfund CERCLIS - (Comprehensive Emergency Response, Compensation and Liability Information System.) EPA database that tracks Superfund cleanup actions. BT Superfund RT CERCLA RT Databases Chemical Treatment - Alternative technology processes and related equipment that alter the chemical structure of the hazardous constituents so that the resulting material is less hazardous than the original waste. BT Alternative Technologies NT Chlorinolysis NT Neutralization NT Dechlorination NT Dehalogertation Chlorinolysis - Chemical treatment process characterized by the addition of large amounts of chlorine to waste at high temperatures. The process reduces the hazardous nature of the waste. BT Chemical Treatment Civil Judicial Action - Legal action brought about by the EPA to enforce or protect the private rights of citizens. Use for all types of legal action, except criminal proceedings. BT Litigation RT Criminal Judicial Action ------- Claims Claims - Action through which a person or entity demands a right or due. BT Liability dean Air Act BT Legislation Clean Water Act BT Legislation NT 31KK) Fund Cleanup - Process of restoring a hazardous waste site or spill. BT Superfund NT Pre-Remedial NT Remedial Actions NT RI/FS NT Remedy Selection NT Removal Actions RT Restoration RT Treatability Study Closure - Actions taken by an owner or operator of a hazardous waste facility to prepare the site for long-term care and to make it suitable for other uses after wastes are no longer accepted. Commercial use Industry Community Awareness - The disclosure of the dangers of hazardous chemicals to workers and the community at large; also, the participation of community groups in the preparation of emergency plans. BT Emergency Preparedness NT Material Safety Data Sheets NT Notification RT Right-to-Know Community Relations - The effort to establish two-way communication with the public to create an understanding of EPA programs and related actions as well as assure the public input into the Agency's decision-making process. ------- Compliance Compliance - Within the context of regulations, fulfilling the requirements of specific rules and provisions. BT Regulations RT Non-compliance Composting use Biological Treatment Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act use CERCLA Confidentiality - Withholding of precise chemical information considered proprietary by private companies. BT Notification Consent Decree - Agreement by defendant to cease activities asserted as illegal by EPA. Upon approval of agreement by the court, the EPA action against thedefendant is dropped. BT Enforcement Construction - Erection of both residential and nonresidential buildings. Potential source of hazardous waste. BT Industry Containers - Any package, can, barrel, or containing device other than tanks or drums, used to enclose a hazardous waste. BT Storage NT Corrosion NT Drums NT Storage Tanks Contamination - The process by which a physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substance or matter has an adverse effect on air, water, or soil. BT Ecological Risk 8 ------- Contractors Contractors - Entities that are temporarily hired by the government to provide a particular service. In the case of hazardous waste management, contractors may be involved in the storage, treatment, or disposal of hazardous waste. BT Management RT Treatability Study Contracts - Agreements in which one party performs a service in exchange for financial remuneration or a return service. BT Management Control Methods - Means by which the toxirity of hazardous waste is lessened or its impact minimized through either (1) containment and storage (Conventional Treatment),(2) treatment (see Alternative Technologies) or (3) minimization at the source. NT Alternative Technologies NT Conventional Treatment NT Equipment NT In-situ NT Ocean Dumping NT TSDF NT Waste Minimization Conventional Treatment - Removal or containment of hazardous waste to regulated land treatment sites. Waste is neither treated nor destroyed. Continued maintenance is required to monitor potential contamination of surrounding environment. Solution is not permanent. BT Control Methods NT Land Treatment NT Landfills NT Liners NT Storage NT Surface Impoundments NT Transportation NT Underground Injection RT Alternative Technologies RT Waste Minimization Cooperative Agreements - The process by which a state enters into an agreement with the EPA to manage the remedial response of a site. BT Legal Aspects Corrective Actions use Removal Actions or Remedial Actions ------- Corrosion Corrosion -The gradual wearing away of storage tanks, that eventually leads to leakage and contamination. BT Containers BT Drums BT Storage Tanks Corrosivity - Characteristic of a hazardous waste marked by the waste's ability to dissolve metals or burn the skin. BT Analysis RT EPToxicity RT Ignitability RT Reactivity Cost Recovery - Process by which EPA documents and attempts to recover the maximum practical amount of money due from responsible parties for Superfund financed cleanups. BT Liability RT PRP RT Responsible Parties RT Settlements Costs - The amount of money needed for the cleanup of a site or the maintenance of a program. Can also be used to define the long-term economic costs due to hazardous waste contamination. BT Economic Assessment RT Mixed Funding Criminal Judicial Action - Legal action brought by EPA against those parties charged with violating criminal laws. BT Litigation RT Civil Judicial Action Data - Information used to assess the toxic nature of a substance. Also used to mean general facts or figures from which conclusions can be made. BT Methodology RT Data Quality Objectives 10 ------- Data Quality Objectives Data Quality Objectives - (DQO) Quantitative and qualitative statements outlining the decision-making process and data required to support EPA remedial actions decisions. 6T Remedial Actions RT Data RT Methodology Databases - Computerized information systems. BT Information Sources RT CERCLIS De Minimis - Type of settlement through which parties that contribute very small amounts of hazardous wastes to a site are able to settle with the EPA for small or "de minimis" amounts. BT Settlements Decontamination - Purifying a substance by removing its hazardous characteristics. RT Cleanup Dehalogenation - Remediation technology where halogens remove organic chemicals by chemically replacing them with hydrogen or hydroxide ions in order to detoxify the substance. BT Alternative Technologies Delisting - Process of excluding a waste from regulation as hazardous. BT Hazardous Substance Lists RT Exemptions Design - A general plan or program used in hazardous waste treatment, disposal, and storage. BT Methodology Dioxins - Family of compounds with common triple ring structure of two benzene rings interconnected with a pair of oxygen atoms. BT Carcinogens BT Organic Chemicals 11 ------- Directives Directives - Special series of policy and guidance documents that provide interpretation, suggestions, and recommendations consistent with legislation. BT Policy RT Guidance Directories - Lists of names, addresses, and telephone numbers of a particular set of individuals or organizations. BT Information Sources Disposal use Conventional Treatment Documentation - A collection or compilation of written informational material. DOD - (United States Department of Defense.) DOE - (United States Department of Energy.) Drinking Water - Any raw or finished water source that is or may be used as a public water system or as drinking water by one or more individuals. BT Water Drums - A circular vessel, commonly used to house hazardous waste. BT Containers NT Corrosion Dumps use Landfills or Ocean Dumping Dusts - A finely ground dry mixture containing a small amount of pesticide with an inert carrier such as day. BT Solid Wastes 12 ------- Ecological Risk Ecological Risk - Discussion of the risk or damage to organic matter (plant and animal life) as well as inorganic matter (air, water, soil, etc.). 6T Assessment NT Contamination NT Environmental Impact Statement NT Natural Resources NT Restoration Economic Assessment - Estimating the monetary value of a program, procedure or event, and/or the monetary value of the effects of such a procedure, program, or event. BT Assessment NT Audits NT Costs NT Economic Impact NT Fee Systems NT Taxes Economic Impact - Includes the social and/or economic impact of a particular decision or action. BT Economic Assessment RT Liability Electrodialysis - A physical treatment process through which heat energy is applied to a solution, slurry, or suspended solid mixture to vaporize part of the mixture while concentrating the semisolid components. BT Membrane Separation Electroplating - Production of a thin coat of metal on a surface. Source of hazardous waste. BT Industry Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act use Right-to-Know Emergency Preparedness - Protective measures, mandated by the Right-to-Know provision of Title 3 of SARA, that are to be implemented by a company or community after a hazardous waste spill or emission. NT Community Awareness NT Emergency Response RT Right-to-Know 13 ------- Emergency Response Emergency Response - Action(s) taken to contain the release of hazardous substances in the environment. BT Emergency Preparedness NT Emergency Response Plans NT Environmental Response Team NT Releases NT Removal Actions Emergency Response Plans - Plans developed at the State or local level, that detail procedures and responses to hazardous spills and releases in local communities. BT Emergency Response Emissions - Gaseous waste materials discharged into the environment. BT Waste Types Energy - Power produced from a source such as fuel. BT Generators NT Geothennal NT Radioactivity NT Utilities Enforcement - The means employed to force violators or potential violators of the law to obey the laws or make restitution for the transgression of those laws. BT Legal Aspects NT Consent Decree NT Illegal Actions NT Litigation NT Mediation NT Negotiations NT Settlements RT Section 3008(h) Environmental Impact Statement - (EIS) Document that provides information concerning the positive and negative effects on the environment of major projects or legislative proposals. BT Ecological Risk 14 ------- Environmental Media Environmental Media - The three major components of the environment in which flora and fauna live: air, water, and soil. BT Natural Resources NT Air NT Sediment NT Soil NT Water Environmental Response Team - Group of hazardous waste experts who provide multidisciplinary assistance to EPA's other hazardous waste experts. BT Emergency Response Environmental Risk use Ecological Risk EP Toxicity - Characteristic of a hazardous waste marked by high concentrations of heavy metals or specific pesticides. BT Analysis RT Corrosivity RT Ignitability RT Reactivity Equipment - Machines used to provide a variety of services in the treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste. BT Control Methods NT Retro-fit Evaporation - A physical treatment process through which heat energy is applied to a solution, slurry, or suspended solid mixture to vaporize part of the mixture while concentrating the semisolid components. BT Physical Treatment Excavation - Physical treatment process through which a hazardous waste is removed from within the ground. BT Physical Treatment RT Backfill RT Extraction 15 ------- Exemptions Exemptions - The release of an entity from a previously determined obligation related to hazardous waste regulation. BT Regulations RT Delisting Export - The shipping/emission of hazardous waste outside of the original generators facility. Most commonly associated with transport of wastes over state/national borders. RT Import Extraction - Physical treatment process through which dissolved or absorbed substances are transferred from a liquid or solid phase of a solvent. BT Physical Treatment NT Soil Washing/Soil Flushing NT Supercritical Extraction RT Excavation Facility Standards - Operating guidelines, determined by the EPA, for treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. BT Regulations RT Location Standards Feasibility Study use RI/FS Federal Facilities - Federally owned buildings or sites or federally run programs that are sources of hazardous waste. BT Generators RT DOD RT DOE Fee Systems - Method for funding hazardous waste disposal in which the "user" is assessed a fee for use of disposal program. BT Economic Assessment Filtration - A physical treatment process in which suspended solids are removed from a fluid by passage through a porous media with a force of gravity. BT Physical Treatment 16 ------- Finances Finances - Relating to cost and other monetary transactions in the management of contracts, programs and other administrative activities. Financial Responsibility Reqtlirements - The requirement through which owners and operators prove adequate funding is available through insurance or trust funds for their closure or post-closure plans. BT Regulations Fires - Combustion associated with a release of hazardous materials. BT Releases Fluidized Bed Incineration - Type of incineration that uses refractory-lined vessels containing a bed of graded, inert granular material. BT Incineration FOIA - Documents that can only be requested pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act. Fuels use Petroleum Funds - Sources of money for hazardous waste cleanup and control, raised through taxes and authorized by legislation. BT Legislation NT 31KK) Fund NT LUST Trust Fund NT Post-Closure Liability Fund RT Superfund RT Taxes GAO - (United States General Accounting Office.) Garbage use Solid Wastes 17 ------- Gas Chromatography Gas Chromatography - Method for separating and analyzing complex mixtures of volatile organic and inorganic compounds. BT Analysis Gasoline use Petroleum Generators - Producers of hazardous waste. May be further defined by industry, quantity, or source. BT Assessment NT Energy NT Federal Facilities NT Industry NT Municipalities NT Sites NT Small Quantity Generators RT Waste Types Geothermal - A form of energy produced from the heat of the earth's interior. BT Energy Government - Reserved for items of a very general nature. Use international, local, or State for issues addressed at such levels; otherwise, items are assumed to address issues, policies, programs, etc., at the Federal or national level. NT Local NT State RT International RT Legislation RT Regulations Groundwater - Fresh water below the earth's surface. BT Water RT Surface Water Guidance - Documents or portions of documents that provide interpretation,suggestions, or recommendations consistent with legislation. BT Policy 18 ------- Hazard Ranking System Hazard Ranking System - A numerically based system designed to evaluate the relative risk to human health or the environment posed by a site. RT Mitre Model RT NPL Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments use HSWA Hazardous Substance Lists - Total of four lists of substances that meet requirements as hazardous as defined by 40 CFR sec. 261 subpart D. Use for Listed Hazardous Waste. BT Regulations NT Appendix Vm Constituents NT Delisting Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund use Superfund Hazardous Substances - Substances that adversely affect the life process. NT Carcinogens NT Inorganic Chemicals NT Mutagens NT Organic Chemicals NT Pesticides RT Waste Types Hazardous Waste Trust Fund use Superfund HEAS - (Health Effects Assessments.) Special type of document that summarizes and evaluates adverse health effects associated with a particular chemical. BT Human Health Risk RT HEEDS RT KEEPS RT Toxicological Profile 19 ------- HEEDS HEEDS - (Health and Environmental Effects Documents.) Special type of document prepared to support listings under RCRA and provide health-related limits for emergency actions under CERCLA. BT Human Health Risk RT HEAS RT HEEPS RT lexicological Profile HEEPS - (Health and Environmental Effects Profiles.) Special type of document prepared to support listings of hazardous constituents under Section 3001 of RCRA and provide health related limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of CERCLA. BT Human Health Risk RT HEAS RT HEEDS RT Toxicological Profile Herbicides use Pesticides Households - A building that typically houses a family or a group of families. Households are potential sources of hazardous waste. BT Municipalities RT Solid Wastes HSWA - (Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments.) Amendments to RCRA. BT Legislation BT RCRA NT Section 3008(h) Human Health Risk - Includes health risks to individuals as well as the public at large. For more general discussion of environmental risks use ecological risk. BT Assessment NT HEAS NT HEEDS NT HEEPS NT Toxicological Profile NT Worker Protection 20 ------- Hyperfiltration Hyperfiltration use Membrane Separation Ignitability - Characteristic of hazardous waste whereby it is easily combustible or flammable. BT Analysis RT Corrosivity RT EP Toxicity RT Reactivity Illegal Actions - Violation of a law or regulation. BT Enforcement Immobilization use Stabilization/Solidification Import - The bringing in of a substance deemed hazardous to an entity from an outside source. RT Export In-Situ - Treatment of contaminated soils applied without the excavation of the materials to be treated. BT Control Methods In-Situ Vitrification - Remediation technology process that treats soils and sludges, contaminated by mixtures of various wastes, by electrically melting the waste media, creating a stable glass-like solid. BT Alternative Technologies Incineration - Controlled process that uses combustion to convert a waste to a less bulky, less toxic material in an oxygenated environment. BT Thermal Treatment NT Boilers NT Fluidized Bed Incineration NT Industrial Kilns NT Liquid Injection Incineration NT Molten Salt Incineration 21 ------- Incompatibility Incompatibility - Characteristics of two hazardous waste substances that when put together cause combustion or any other potentially dangerous action. BT Analysis Indemnification - Securing against loss or damage. BT Liability Indian Lands - Land that is part of an Indian reservation. Industrial Kilns - Vessels constructed of steel casings and lined with refractory brick in which hazardous waste is burned as fuel. Includes cement, lime, aggregated, and clay kilns. BT Incineration NT Rotary Kilns Industry - Private generators of hazardous waste. Use for commercial. BT Generators NT Batteries NT Construction NT Electroplating NT Mining Infectious Wastes - Waste capable of producing an infectious disease, characterized by the presence of a pathogen with sufficient virulence to cause illness. Use for "Medical Wastes" or "Subtitle J". BT Waste Types Information Sources - Sources of information pertaining to hazardous waste. BT Management NT Bibliographies NT Case Studies NT Databases NT Directories NT Inventories NT Technology Transfer Documents RT Statistics Injection Wells use Underground Injection 22 ------- Innovative Technologies Innovative Technologies use Alternative Technologies Inorganic Chemicals - Non-carbon chemical compounds. BT Hazardous Substances NT Acids NT Asbestos NT Metals NT Solvents RT Organic Chemicals Inspections - Examination of a hazardous waste site, facility, or generator. BT Monitoring Insurance - Contract that guaranties protection, through compensation, from loss or damage. BT Liability NT Private Insurance Interim Prohibition - Section 9003(g) of RCRA. Prohibits the installation of underground storage tanks for storing hazardous substances unless certain requirements are met. BT RCRA Interim Status - Status of hazardous waste disposal facility until a permit to operate the facility under RCRA guidelines is granted or denied. BT Regulation RT Loss of Interim Status RT Permits RT RCRA International - Includes items that discuss the United States and other nations together, or items that solely discuss nations other than the United States. BT Government RT Local RT State Inventories - Lists of particular items. BT Information Sources 23 ------- Joint Permits Joint Permits - The permitting of a Treatment, Storage, and Disposal facility under State and Federal permits. Lagoons - Natural or artificial wastewater ponds or basins in which mechanical (or diffused) air is used to supplement natural oxygen supply. Land Treatment - Means of waste management in which wastes are deposited and worked into the soil where natural processes degrade and demobilize the hazardous constituents within the soil. BT Conventional Treatment Landfills - Disposal facilities where hazardous waste is placed in containers, or in bulk form, covered with soils and left indefinitely. BT Conventional Treatment NT Backfill NT Capping NT Open Landfills RT Backfill Lawsuits use Litigation Leachates - A liquid that results from water collecting contaminants as it trickles through wastes, agricultural pesticides, or fertilizers. BT Waste Types RT Leaching Leaching - Process by which hazardous chemicals are dissolved or carried away by water or moved into a lower layer of soil. BT Migration RT Leachates Lead - A heavy metal that is hazardous to health if breathed or swallowed. Its use in gasoline, paints, and plumbing compounds has been sharply restricted or eliminated by Federal laws and regulations. RT Metals 24 ------- Legal Aspects Legal Aspects - Legislation and resultant regulations, funds, enforcement procedures, and liability related to hazardous waste enforcement. NT Cooperative Agreements NT Enforcement NT Legislation NT Liability NT Regulations Legislation - Laws, amendments, and particular funds created by the laws. BT Legal Aspects NT CERCLA NT Clean Ak Act NT Clean Water Act NT Funds NT HSWA NT OSHA NT RCRA NT Reauthorization NT SARA NT TSCA RT Government Lender Liability - The potential liability of a lending institution for the actions of the borrower. Liability - Economic responsibility for costs involved in cleanup of a site. BT Legal Aspects NT Claims NT Cost Recovery NT Indemnification NT Insurance NT Penalties NT PRP NT Responsible Parties RT Economic Impact RT Mixed Funding Liners - Materials used to prevent the migration of hazardous waste to the surrounding environment. BT Conventional Treatment 25 ------- Liquid Infection Incineration Liquid Injection Incineration - Process which uses a series of atomizing devices to introduce finely divided droplets of waste mixed with air into a refractory-lined combustion chamber. BT Incineration Liquid Wastes - A waste of fluid form. BT Waste Types NT Slurry Listed Hazardous Waste use Hazardous Substance Lists Litigation - Use for lawsuits. Legal action brought in an administrative or judicial forum. BT Enforcement NT Civil Judicial Action NT Criminal Judicial Action Local - Includes Government agencies, programs, laws, etc., below the State level such as municipal or county. BT Government RT International RT Municipalities RT State Location Standards - Requirements specific to a site. BT Regulations RT Facility Standards Loss of Interim Status - (LOIS) The revocation of interim status of a hazardous waste facility, caused by the inability of the facility to meet certain RCRA requirements. BT Regulations RT Interim Status RT Permits RT RCRA JST Trust Fund - The Fund created by Subtitle I of the HSWA for Federal response to the problem of leaking underground storage tanks (LUST). BT Funds BT Subtitle I 26 ------- Management Management - The supervision of programs, policies, regulations, etc., and the tools used in such supervision. NT Contractors NT Contracts NT Policy NT Training Manifest - Invoice of cargo of a shipment of hazardous waste. Regulations require every shipment of hazardous waste to have a manifest with copies submitted to State and regional offices. 6T Transportation Mass Spectrometry - Analysis of a substance or mixture of substances by electromagnetic separation of ions. BT Analysis BT Methodology Material Safety Data Sheets - (MSDS) Documents) which delineate physical properties, exposure limits, emergency procedures, etc., for specific hazardous chemicals. BT Community Awareness RT Training Materials Recovery - Reclamation of useful constituent fractions within a waste material or the removal of contaminants from a waste source that allows it to be reused. BT Waste Minimization RT Recycling RT Source Reduction Mediation - The process of the settling of a dispute by a third party. BT Enforcement RT Negotiations RT Settlements Medical Waste use Infectious Wastes 27 ------- Membrane Separation Membrane Separation - Separation of solutes or contaminants from liquids through the use of semipermeable membranes. The membranes selectively reject contaminants. Includes ultrafiltration and hyperfiltration. A physical treatment process. BT Physical Treatment NT Electrodialysis Metals - Includes trace metals and heavy metals. BT Inorganic Chemicals RT Lead Methodology - Procedures used, or the evaluation of procedures. BT Assessment NT Data NT Design NT Models NT Quality Assurance NT Sampling RT Analysis RT Data Quality Objectives RT Monitoring Migration - Uncontrolled movement of hazardous waste through the environment. BT Monitoring NT Leaching Mining - An industry involved in the removal of ores, coal, etc. from under the surface of the ground. BT Industry Mitre Model - Developed by Mitre Corporation in 1981. Calculates score for potential Superfund sites. Those with high enough scores are placed on the National Priorities List. BT Models BT NPL RT Hazard Ranking System Mixed Funding - Monies from both Superfund and the responsible parties are used to pay for cleanup at Superfund sites. BT Superfund RT Costs RT Liability 28 ------- Mobile Treatment Mobile Treatment - Modular equipment and the corresponding processes that can be brought to a hazardous waste site and transported to a number of sites. Generally, the equipment is smaller than conventional equipment used in permanent structures. BT Alternative Technologies Models - An investigative tool using a mathematical or physical representation of a system or theory that accounts for all or some of its known properties. BT Methodology NT Mitre Model Molten Salt Incineration - A form of incineration of waste material that takes place beneath a bed of molten salt. BT Incineration Monitoring - Periodic or continuous review of a program, facility, or the environment. BT Assessment NT Inspection NT Migration NT Sensing Techniques RT Analysis RT Methodology Municipalities - Townships or cities. BT Generators NT Households NT Sewage RT Local Mutagens - Any substance that can cause a change in genetic material. BT Hazardous Substances National Contingency Plan or National Oil and Hazardous Substances Contingency Plan use NCP National Priorities List use NPL 29 ------- Natural Resources Natural Resources - Land, fish, wildlife, biota, air, water, and other resources belonging to, managed by, or held in trust by the United States. BT Ecological Risk NT Environmental Media NCP - (National Contingency Plan.) Establishes basic Government procedures for coordinating State and Federal response at Superfund sites. Use for National Oil and Hazardous Substances Contingency Plan. BT Superfund Negotiations - The submitting and consideration of offers until an acceptable offer is made and accepted. BT Enforcement RT Mediation RT Settlements Neutralization - Chemical treatment process in which the interaction of an acid or base with another solution results in solution or mixture with a ph of between 5 and 9. BT Chemical Treatment Non-compliance - The act of not meeting up to the particular requirement of a regulation. BT Regulations RT Compliance Notice Letter - EPA letter which conveys a message to a particular audience. For example, a letter to TSDF owners or operators informing them of loss of interim status; or a letter to PRPs advising them of their potential liability. RT Notification RT PRP RT TSDF Notification - As required by Right-to-Know Provision, Title ffl of SARA, companies must alert residents of the release of a hazardous substance. Also, refers to any other method for apprising a target audience. BT Community Awareness NT Confidentiality RT Notice Letter 30 ------- NPL NFL - (National Priorities List.) List of the most hazardous sites under the Superfund program. BT Superfund RT Hazard Ranking System RT Mitre Model Nuclear Waste use Radioactivity Ocean Dumping - Disposal of hazardous and municipal waste at sea, subject to the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act. BT Control Methods Oceans - Bodies of salt water that cover approximately 3/4 of the surface of the earth. BT Water Of f-site - Treatment, regulation, production, etc., of hazardous waste other than at the site of its generation. BT Sites Oils - Non-specific term applied to several groups of organic mixtures. Includes petroleum oils and lubricants. BT Organic Compounds On-site - Treatment, regulation, production, etc., of hazardous waste on the property of the generator of the hazardous waste. BT Sites Open Landfills - Any facility or site where hazardous waste is disposed of which is not a sanitary landfill meeting the criteria promulgated under section 4004 of RCRA. BT Landfills RT Solid Wastes 31 ------- Organic Chemicals Organic Chemicals - Chemical compounds of carbon, excluding carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbolic acid, metallic carbides, metallic carbonates, and ammonium carbonate. Includes VOC or "volatile organic compounds." BT Hazardous Substances NT Acids NT Dioxins NT Oils NT PAH NT PCB NT Solvents RT Inorganic Chemicals OSHA - (Occupational Safety and Health Act.) BT Legislation PAH - (Polycyclic aromatic hydorcarbons.) BT Organic Chemicals RT VOC PCB - (Polychlorinated Biphenyls.) Any of several organic compounds used in plastics manufacturing or transformers that are toxic and persistent environmental pollutants. BT Carcinogens BT Organic Chemicals Penalties - Includes both civil and criminal penalties. BT Liability Permits - Compliance of a hazardous waste facility with requirements of RCRA. BT RCRA BT Regulations RT Interim Status RT Loss of Interim Status Pesticides - Chemical agents used to kill both plant and animal life that are seen as threats to agricultural productivity. Includes herbicides. BT Hazardous Substances Petroleum - An oily, dark colored liquid (a form of bitumen or mixture of various hydrocarbons) which is processed for fuel. Includes motor fuels, gasoline, etc. 32 ------- Phase Separation Phase Separation - Physical treatment process used to separate solid/liquid or liquid/ liquid suspension with different specific gravities. 6T Physical Treatment NT Centrification Phenol - Carbolic acid. BT Acids BT Carcinogens Physical Treatment - Processes that separate waste streams by either applying physical forces or changing the physical form of the waste. In either case, the chemical structure of the waste stays the same. BT Alternative Technologies NT Adsorption NT Air Stripping NT Evaporation NT Excavation NT Extraction NT Filtration NT Membrane Separation NT Phase Separation NT Slurry Trenching NT Steam Stripping Plume-A visible or measurable discharge of a contaminant from a point-source. It can be visible or thermal in water, or visible in air. Policy - The general principles by which the Government is guided in its management of public affairs. May also include the intended audience of the policy. BT Management NT Directives NT Guidance NT Regions Pollution Fund use 31KK) Fund Polychlorinated Biphenyls use PCB 33 ------- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons use Carcinogens Polymerization - Process which uses catalysts to convert a lower order polymer of a particular compound to a larger order chemical multiple with different properties for in-place stabilization/solidification. BT Stabilization/Solidification Post-Closure - Time period following the shutdown of a hazardous waste facility. For monitoring purposes, this is often considered to be 30 years. BT RCRA BT TSDF RT Closure Post-Closure Liability Fund - Originally authorized by CERCLA to pay cost of monitoring and maintenance of hazardous waste sites. Repealed by SARA. BT CERCLA BT Funds BT SARA Potentially Responsible Parties use PRP Pozzolanic Process - Method of solidification/stabilization in which waste is mixed with fine grained siliceous materials such as fly ash or cement kiln dust to produce a solid. Use for "Fly Ash." BT Stabilization/Solidification Pre-Remedial - In the cleanup of a Superfund site the stage prior to the implementation of the selected remedy. BT Cleanup Principal Organic Hazardous Constituents use Appendix Vm Constituents 34 ------- Private Insurance Private Insurance - Any insurance not provided by a government entity. BT Insurance PRP - (Potentially Responsible Parties.) Parties identified by EPA which may be responsible for the hazardous waste at an uncontrolled hazardous waste site: BT Liability RT Cost Recovery RT Responsible Parties POTW - (Publicly Owned Treatment Works.) A waste treatment facility owned by a State, unit of local government or Indian tribe, usually designed to treat domestic wastewaters. BT Local BT State Public Health use Human Health Risk Pyrolysis - Thermal decomposition of hazardous materials in an oxygen deficient atmosphere. BT Thermal Treatment Quality Assurance - A system of procedures, checks, audits, and corrective actions used to ensure that field work and laboratory analysis during the investigation and cleanup of Superfund sites meet established standards. BT Methodology R & D - Research and development of a technology application. Radioactivity - Emission of alpha, beta, or gamma rays either naturally or as the result of human manipulation. Use for nuclear. BT Energy 35 ------- RCRA RCRA - (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.) BT Legislation NT HSWA NT Interim Prohibition NT Subtitle C NT Subtitle D NT Subtitle I RT Interim Status RT Loss of Interim Status RT Permits RCRA Amendments use HSWA Reactivity - Characteristic of hazardous waste whereby it is unstable and rapidly undergoes a chemical reaction with other materials. BT Analysis RT Corrosivity RT EP Toxicity RT Ignitability Reauthorization - The reapproval of a specific piece of legislation or program. Includes the debate and discussion of the issues associated with the reauthorization. BT Legislation RT RCRA RT SARA RT Supeifund Record of Decision use ROD Recordkeeping Requirements - Those requirements set forth in the Code of Federal Regulations for the transportation, collection, and disposal of hazardous waste. BT Regulations RT Reporting Requirements Recycling - The use or reuse of a waste as an effective substitute for a commercial product or as an ingredient of feedstock in an industrial process. BT Waste Minimization RT Materials Recovery RT Source Reduction 36 ------- Region 1 Region 1 - Includes States of Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. BT Regions Region 2 - Includes States of New York and New Jersey; Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. BT Regions Region 3 - Includes States of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, West Virginia, Virginia; and the District of Columbia. BT Regions Region 4 - Includes States of Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, and Mississippi. BT Regions Region 5 - Includes States of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. BT Regions Region 6 - Includes States of New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana. BT Regions Region 7 - Includes States of Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and Missouri. BT Regions Region 8 - Includes States of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado. BT Regions Region 9 - Includes States of California, Nevada, Arizona, Hawaii; and Guam. BT Regions Region 10 - Includes States of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Alaska. BT Regions 37 ------- Regions Regions - EPA administrative units. NT Region 1 NT Region 2 NT Regions NT Region 4 NT Region 5 NT Region 6 NT Region 7 NT Regions NT Region 9 NT Region 10 RT State Regulations - Rules or orders issued by governmental departments to carry out the intent of the law. Use for standards. BT Legal Aspects NT Alternative Concentration Limits NT California List NT Compliance NT Exemptions NT Facility Standards NT Financial Responsibility Requirements NT Hazardous Substance Lists NT Interim Status NT Location Standards NT Loss of Interim Status NT Non-compliance NT Permits NT Recordkeeping Requirements NT Reporting Requirements RT Government Releases - The unintentional spill or emission of hazardous materials into the environment. BT Emergency Response NT Fires Remedial Actions - Those solutions either proposed or actually undertaken for the permanent cleanup at a Superfund site. Use for Remedial Designs, Remedial Response. BT Cleanup BT Remedy Selection NT Data Quality Objectives RT Removal Actions RT Superfund 38 ------- Remedial Designs Remedial Designs use Remedial Actions Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study use RI/FS Remedial Response use Remedial Actions Remedy Selection - Process by which a methodology is chosen for the cleanup of a Superfund site. The selection process represents the best balance between the effectiveness, implementation, and cost factors examined in the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study process. BT Cleanup NT Remedial Actions NT RI/FS NT Removal Actions Removal Actions - Cleanup actions at Superfund sites which may not be permanent in nature. BT Cleanup BT Emergency Response BT Remedy Selection RT Remedial Actions Reporting Requirements - Certain requirements for the reporting of a spill or unintentional release of hazardous waste into the environment. BT Regulations RT Recordkeeping Requirements Resource Conservation and Recovery Act use RCRA Resource Recovery use Materials Recovery 39 ------- Responsible Parties Responsible Parties - Parties identified by EPA that are responsible for hazardous wastes at a controlled hazardous waste site. Such parties are liable for costs incurred by the Government for removal or immediate action, etc. BT Liability RT Cost Recovery RT PRP Restoration - Process of returning a damaged environment to its pre-damaged state, excludes Superfund program. Use for non Superfund program cleanup. 8T Ecological Risk RT Cleanup Retro-fit - The addition of a new item, modification or removal of an existing item of equipment beyond that of regular maintenance. BT Equipment RI/FS - (Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Studies.) Two studies conducted at all National Priority List sites. RI determines the type and extent of contamination. FS evaluates the cleanup alternatives. BT Cleanup BT Remedy Selection RT ROD Right-to-Know - Title m of SARA, "Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986." Establishes: (1) regulatory program that requires the disclosure of information about the danger of hazardous chemicals to the public; and (2) emergency response plans in case of endangerment from a hazardous chemical or substance. BT SARA RT Community Awareness RT Emergency Preparedness Risk Assessment - The qualitative and quantitative evaluation performed in an effort to define the risk posed to human health and /or the environment by the presence or potential presence and/or use of specific pollutants. BT Assessment RT Ecological Risk RT Human Health Risk 40 ------- ROD ROD - (Record of Decision.) Compiled for each site on the National Priorities List. Delineates contamination, cleanup, and liability issues for each site. BT Superfund RT RI/FS Rotary Kilns - Kilns in which the combustion of the waste is enhanced through the rotation of the kiln on its axis. BT Industrial Kilns Sampling - A statistical method in which a subset of a group is used for testing or analysis. BT Methodology SARA - (Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986.) Amendments to CERCLA. BT Legislation BT Reauthorization NT Post Closure Liability Fund NT Right-to-Know RT CERCLA Section 3008(H) - Part of the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments. Allows the EPA to take enforcement action to require corrective action or other responses necessary to protect human life whenever there has been a hazardous release in the environment. BT HSWA RT Enforcement Sediment - Soils and other solids that are deposited by water to the floor of the body of water. RT Soil Sensing Techniques - Specific means by which monitoring of the environment is accomplished. BT Monitoring NT Bioassay 41 ------- Settlements Settlements - An agreement between two parties relating to hazardous waste regulatory enforcement. BT Enforcement NT De Minimis RT Cost Recovery RT Mediation RT Negotiations Sewage - Waste matter, including human body wastes, carried within sewers or drains. BT Municipalities SHE Program - (Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation.) Program to accelerate development and use of new alternative technologies for cleanup at Superfund sites. BT Superfund RT Alternative Technologies Sites - The location where hazardous waste is either generated, stored, abandoned, or treated, including adjacent land used in conjunction with such activities. BT Generators NT Abandoned Sites NT Off-Site NT On-Site NT Uncontrolled Sites Sludge - The concentration of solids removed from sewage during wastewater treatment. BT Solid Wastes Slurry - A watery mixture of insoluble matter that results from some pollution control techniques. BT Liquid Wastes Slurry Trenching - A subsurface cut-off or wall of low permeability placed near a polluting waste source in order to capture or contain resulting contamination. Use for 'Slurry Wall." BT Physical Treatment Small Quantity Generators - Businesses that produce less than 1,000 kilograms or 2,200 pounds of hazardous waste in a month. BT Generators 42 ------- Soil Soil - The surface layer of the earth. BT Environmental Media NT Aquifer Soil Venting - Remediation technology which involves the excavation of soil for treatment in an aerated mill or drum, resulting in the volatilization of VOCs. BT Alternative Technologies BT Cleanup Soil Washing/Soil Flushing - Physical treatment process which extracts contaminants from a sludge-soil matrix using a liquid medium process. An extraction process specifically for soils. BT Alternative Technologies BT Cleanup BT Extraction Solid Wastes - Non-liquid, non-soluble materials, ranging from municipal garbage to industrial wastes that contain complex, and sometimes hazardous substances. BT Waste Types NT Dusts NT Sludge RT Subtitle D Solvent Extraction - Remediation technology which uses chemical extraction processes to separate contaminated soil and sludge into their respective phase fractions: organics, water and particulate solids. BT Alternative Technologies BT Cleanup BT Extraction RT Chemical Treatment Solvents - A substance that dissolves other materials, reducing them to molecular or ionic form. BT Inorganic Chemicals BT Organic Chemicals Sorption - Method of solidification/stabilization in which hazard contaminants are bound up in pozzolan type matrices through either physical or chemical sorption. BT Stabilization/Solidification 43 ------- Source Reduction Source Reduction - The reduction or elimination of waste generated at the source, usually through an external process. Source reduction implies any action that reduces the amount from a process. BT Waste Minimization RT Materials Recovery RT Recycling Spills use Releases Stabilization Ponds - A large shallow basin for purifying industrial wastes which encourages the growth of bacteria and algae in converting organic materials to nontoxic organic substances. BT Biological Treatment RT Lagoons Stabilization/Solidification - Treatment to improve the structural stability and reduce the migration of waste. Often involves the conversion of a liquid waste to a solid waste. An alternative technology. Includes related equipment. Use for immobilization or fixation. BT Alternative Technologies NT Cementing NT Polymerization NT Pozzolanic Process NT Sorption Standards - A measurement, criteria, model by which a program, procedure or performance can be compared. RT Models RT Regulations State - Within the context of American political structure, the governing organizational unit which is directly below the national level. BT Government Statistics - Numerical facts or data tabulated to present significant information about a given subject. RT Information Sources 44 ------- Steam Stripping Steam Stripping - Physical treatment process in which hazardous organic constituents are removed by volatilization through the dual process of heating wastewater to its boiling point and then forcing the resulting steam through the water. BT Physical Treatment Storage - The placement of non-treated hazardous waste at facilities or sites. 6T Conventional Treatment NT Containers Storage Tanks - Stationary devices constructed primarily of non-earthen materials designed to contain an accumulation of hazardous waste. BT Containers NT Corrosion NT Underground Storage Tanks Subtitle C - Part of RCRA. Concerns the management of hazardous waste. BT RCRA Subtitle D - Part of RCRA. Establishes a framework for coordinating Federal, State, and local government in the management of non-hazardous solid waste. BT RCRA RT Solid Wastes Subtitle I - Part of RCRA. Concerns the regulations of Underground Storage Tanks. BT RCRA NT LUST Trust Fund Subtitle) use Infectious Wastes Supercritical Extraction - Extraction process which is more efficient than traditional extraction. Within this process wastes are subjected to extremely high temperatures and pressures, thereby altering their solvent properties. BT Extraction 45 ------- Supercritical Water Oxidation Supercritical Water Oxidation - Process in which air and aqueous wastes are mixed at a temperature and pressure above the critical point of water. The process results in the oxidation of organic wastes to carbon monoxide and water. BT Wet Oxidation Superfund - Refers to the Program and Fund created by CERCLA, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act for cleaning up abandoned and emergency hazardous waste sites. BT Reauthorization NT CERCUS NT Cleanup NT Mixed Funding NT NCP NT NPL NT ROD NT SITE Program NT Superfund Study NT Treatability Study RT CERCLA RT Funds Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation use SITE Program Superfund Study - Includes reports on or audits of the Superfund program, tracked by the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. BT Superfund Surface Impoundments - Facility or part of a facility that can be a natural topographic depression, man-made excavation, or diked area formed primarily of earthen materials. The impoundment may be lined with man-made materials, designed to hold hazardous waste. BT Conventional Treatment Surface Water - All water naturally open to the atmosphere and all springs, wells, or other collectors that are directly influenced by surface water. BT Water RT Drinking Water RT Groundwater RT Oceans 46 ------- Taxes Taxes - Means of raising money for various funds. BT Economic Assessment RT Finances RT Funds Technology Transfer Documents - A set of key documents, identified by EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response for the exchange of information on hazardous waste both within and outside EPA. Use for A List, B List, or C List. BT Information Sources Testing use Analysis Thermal Destruction use Thennal Treatment Thermal Treatment - Alternative technology through which high temperature is used as the principal means of destroying or detoxifying hazardous waste. Includes related equipment. BT Alternative Technologies NT Incineration NT Fyrolysis NT Wet Oxidation Title m use Right-to-Know Toluene - An aromatic organic compound that is a source of phenols and is quite toxic in original form. BT Organic Chemicals Total Quality Management - The application of management techniques and statistical controls to a process in order to improve any product "constantly and forever." BT Management 47 ------- Toxic Substances Toxic Substance Control Act use TSCA Toxicological Profile - Characterizes the lexicological and health effects information for a particular hazardous substance. Prepared by the Agency for Toxic Substances.and Disease Registry. BT ATSDR BT Human Health Risk RT HEAS RT HEEDS RT HEEPS Training - Includes the teaching or implementation of procedures for safe handling of hazardous waste materials. BT Management RT Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) RT Worker Protection Transportation - The intentional movement of hazardous waste by any mode, including a pipeline. Use for transportation by a common or contract carrier, including stoppage in transit. For the unintentional movement of hazardous waste, use migration. BT Conventional Treatment NT Manifest Treatability Study - A report (e.g., from the Superfund Treatability Clearinghouse) outlining the hazardous waste remediation activities undertaken at a hazardous waste site by a contractor. BT Superfund RT Cleanup RT Contractors Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facility use TSDF TSCA - (Toxic Substance Control Act) BT Legislation 48 ------- TSDF TSDF - (Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facility.) Site where a hazardous substance is treated, stored, or disposed. BT Control Methods Uncontrolled Sites - Sources of hazardous waste where the contamination is increasing or migrating. No removal procedures or remedial actions have been undertaken. BT Sites Underground Injection - The disposal of liquid hazardous waste in deep wells drilled in land formations which ideally have no resource value and are non-permeable. Use for injection wells. BT Conventional Treatment NT Capping Underground Storage Tanks - Stationary devices, often constructed of non-earthen materials, designed to contain an accumulation of hazardous waste. Tanks are typically used to store petroleum related products. BT Storage Tanks Utilities - Companies engaged in the provision of electric power, gas, water, and other services to the general public. BT Energy Vapor Extraction - Remediation technology that removes VOCs from soils by applying vacuum pressure through production wells. Use for 'Vacuum Extraction." BT Alternative Technologies BT Cleanup BT Extraction VOC - (Volatile Organic Compounds.) Any organic compound which participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions except for those designated by the EPA Administrator as having negligible photochemical reactivity. RT Organic Chemicals 49 ------- Waste Minimization Waste Minimization - The reduction, to the fullest extent feasible, of hazardous waste that is generated or subsequently treated, stored, or disposed of. BT Co itrol Methods RT Materials Recovery RT Recycling RT Source Reduction Waste Types - Any solid, liquid or gaseous material, no longer used, that is either listed as hazardous under RCRA regulations or can be identified as hazardous by the characteristics of ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or EP toxicity. NT Emissions NT Infectious Wastes NT Leachates NT Liquid Wastes NT Medical Waste NT Solid Wastes RT Hazardous Substances RT Generators Water - Liquid composed of hydrogen and oxygen that occurs on earth as rivers, lakes, and oceans. 8T Environmental Media NT Drinking Water NT Groundwater NT Oceans NT Surface Water Wet Oxidation - Thermal treatment of hazardous waste in which organic materials are broken down through the use of elevated temperatures and pressures in a water solution or suspension. BT Thermal Treatment NT Supercritical Water Oxidation Worker Protection - Includes the risks encountered in the workplace. For procedures concerning the safe handling of hazardous waste, see Training. BT Human Health Risk RT Training 311(K) Fund - Funds from Clean Water Act used to respond to hazardous substance discharge on interim basis before reauthorization of Superfund. Use for Pollution Fund. BT Clean Water Act BT Funds 50 ------- LIST OF CORPORATE SOURCES ------- LIST OF CORPORATE SOURCES Listed below are the names of Government agencies, EPA Offices, and other organizations that have produced documents which are included in the Hazardous Waste Superfund Collection and Database. Asterisked items (*) are non-EPA sources. These corporate sources can be searched in the Hazardous Waste Superfund Database using one or more terms in the name or the acronym. AEERL ASRL ATSDR* C&SD/OW CAD/OSW CBO* CDC* CEC* CEPP CERI CERLCOR CRS* DOD* DOE* DOI* DOJ* DOT* EAD ECAO ECAOCIN ECAORTP AIR AND ENERGY ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES RESEARCH LAB AGENCY FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND DISEASE REGISTRY CRITERIA AND STANDARDS DIVISION/ OFFICE OF WATER CHARACTERIZATION AND ASSESSMENT DIVISION/OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES CHEMICAL EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH & INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, CORVALLIS, OR CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ECONOMIC ANALYSIS DIVISION ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA ASSESSMENT OFFICE ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA ASSESSMENT OFFICE, CINCINNATI, OH ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA ASSESSMENT OFFICE, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 51 ------- EERF EMSLCIN EMSLLV EMSLRTP EOP* EPA EPAHQLIB EPRB ERD/OERR ERL ERLATHENS ERLDULUTH ERLGULF ERLKERR ESED ESLLV FEMA» GAO* GLNPO GLWQB GWPP HERLCIN HERLRTP HIWD/OSW HRSD/OERR EASTERN ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION FACILITY, MONTGOMERY, AL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LAB, CINCINNATI, OH ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEMS LAB, LAS VEGAS, NV ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEMS LAB, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK,NC EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, HEADQUARTERS LIBRARY EMERGENCY PLANNING AND RESPONSE BRANCH, OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE EMERGENCY RESPONSE DIVISION/OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, ATHENS, GA ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, DULUTH, MN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, GULF BREEZE, FL ROBERT S. KERR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LAB, ADA, OK EMISSIONS STANDARDS AND ENGINEERING DIVISION ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS LABORATORY, LAS VEGAS, NV FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE GREAT LAKES NATIONAL PROGRAM OFFICE GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY BOARD GROUND-WATER PROTECTION PROGRAM HEALTH EFFECTS RESEARCH LABORATORY, CINCINNATI, OH HEALTH EFFECTS RESEARCH LAB, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC HAZARDOUS AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE DIVISION/ OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE HAZARDOUS RESPONSE SUPPORT DIVISION/ OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE 52 ------- HSCD/OERR HSEOFREP* HSED/OERR HWERL HWGWTF IAEA* ffiRL IMSD MDSD/OW MERL NEA* NEIC NIOSH* NRC* NRT OAE OAQPS ODW OEA OECD* OECM OEMI OER OERR OGC OGWP OHEA HAZARDOUS SITE CONTROL DIVISION/ OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HAZARDOUS SITE EVALUATION DIVISION/OERR HAZARDOUS WASTE ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB, CINCINNATI, OH HAZARDOUS WASTE GROUND WATER TASK FORCE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY ASSOCIATION INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LAB INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND SERVICES DIVISION MONITORING AND DATA SUPPORT DIVISION/ OFFICE OF WATER MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY NATIONAL ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIONS CENTER NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION NATIONAL RESPONSE TEAM OFFICE OF ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OFFICE OF AIR QUALITY PLANNING AND STANDARDS OFFICE OF DRINKING WATER OFFICE OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING OFFICE OF ENERGY, MINERALS, AND INDUSTRY OFFICE OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL OFFICE OF GROUND-WATER PROTECTION OFFICE OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 53 ------- OHMS/OERR OIG OIRM OLEC* OPA OPE OPM/OERR OPMT/OSWER OPP OPPE OPPT OPRM ORD ORNAL OSBO OSMCD OSW OSWER OSWMP OTA» OUST OW OWEP OWPE/OSWER OWRS/OW OWWM OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILL BRANCH/ OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL OFFICE OF INFORMATION RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF LEGAL AND ENFORCEMENT COUNSEL OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICE OF PLANNING AND EVALUATION OFFICE OF PROGRAM MANAGEMENT/OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE OFFICE OF PROGRAM MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS OFFICE OF POLICY PLANNING AND EVALUATION OFHCE OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND TOXICS OFFICE OF POLICY AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY OFFICE OF SMALL BUSINESS OMBUDSMAN OIL AND SPECIAL MATERIALS CONTROL DIVISION OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE OFHCE OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS OFHCE OF TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT OFHCE OF UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS OFHCE OF WATER OFHCE OF WATER ENFORCEMENT PERMITS OFHCE OF WASTE PROGRAMS ENFORCEMENT/ OFHCE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE OFHCE OF WATER REGULATION AND STANDARDS/ OFHCE OF WATER OFHCE OF WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT 54 ------- PAS/OERR PSPD/OSW REG.1 REG2 REG3 REG.4 REG5 REG.6 REG.7 REG.8 REG.9 REG.10 RREL SAB SENATE* SMB/OSW SPB/OSW TRDB TREASURY* USAP USGS* WERL WIB/OSW WMED/OSW POLICY ANALYSIS STAFF/OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE PERMITS AND STATE PROGRAM DIVISION/OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE REGION 1, U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY REGION 2 REGIONS REGION 4 REGION 5 REGION 6 REGION 7 REGION 8 REGION 9 REGION 10 RISK REDUCTION ENGINEERING LAB, CINCINNATI, OH SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD U.S. SENATE STUDIES AND METHODS BRANCH/ OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE STATE PROGRAMS BRANCH/ OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE TEST RULES DEVELOPMENT BRANCH U.S. TREASURY DEPARTMENT U.S. AIR FORCE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WASTE ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB WASTE IDENTIFICATION BRANCH/OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS DIVISION/ OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE 55 ------- |