vvEPA
            United StatM
            Environmantal Pfo tact ion
            Agency
            Office of
            Pecticidat and Toxic Subetancee
            Washington DC 20460
October 1988
540/RS-89-Q02
            PMieidM
Guidance for the
Reregistration of
Pesticide Products
Containing METIRAM
as the Active Ingredient

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                                   OMB  Control No.  2070-0057
                                   Expires  11/89
          GUIDANCE FOR THE
REREGISTRATION OF PESTICIDE PRODUCTS

             CONTAINING

              METIRAM
      AS THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT

          CASE NUMBER 0644

   CAS (Docket) Number 9006-42-2

       EPA CHEMICAL CODE 014601

            OCTOBER 1988
    ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

    OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS

      WASHINGTON, D.C.  20460

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                        TABLE OF CONTENTS
GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBEVIATIONS

I.    Introduction 	
II.   Chemical(s) Covered by this Standard	4
        A.  Description of Chemical
        B.  Use Profile
        C.  Background

III.  Agency Assessment 	  11
        A.  Summary
        B.  Preliminary Risk Assessment
       » C.  Other Science Findings
        D.  Tolerance Reassessment

IV.   Regulatory Position and Rationale	34
        A.  Regulatory Positions
        B.  Criteria for Registration
        C.  Acceptable Ranges and Limits
        D.  Required Labeling

V.    Products Subject to this Standard	43

VI.   Requirement for Submission of Generic Data	45
        A.  What are generic data?
        B.  Who must submit generic data?
        C.  What generic data must be submitted?
        D.  How to comply with DCI requirements
        E.  Registrant Requests Regarding Data Requirements
              and Agency Responses
        F.  Test Protocols and Standards
        G.  Procedures for requesting a change in test
              protocol
        H.  Procedures for requesting extensions of time
        I.  Data format and reporting requirements
        J.  Existing Ssocks provisions upon suspension
              or cancellation

VII.  Requirement for Submission of Product-Specific 'Data   51

VIII. Requirement for Submission of Revised Labeling ...  52

IX.   Instructions for Submission	52
        A.  Manufacturing use products (sole active)
        B.  Manufacturing use products (multiple active)
        C.  End use products
        D.  End-Use Products Containing the Subject Active
            Ingredient As One of Multiple Active Ingredients
        E.  Intrastate products

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                              APPENDICES


 I .   DATA APPENDICES	~.  .  .   57

     Guide to Tables

     Table A

     Table B


 II.   LABELING APPENDICES 	  94

      Submary of label requirements and table

      40 CFR 156.10 Labeling Requirements

      Physical/Chemical Hazards Labeling Statements

      Storage Instructions

      Pesticide Disposal Instructions

      Container Disposal Instructions


III.   BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES 	  119

      Guide to Bibliography

      Bibliography


IV.   FORMS APPENDICES 	  124

      EPA Form 8580-1   FIFRA §3(c)(2)(B) Summary Sheet

      EPA Form 8580-3   Generic Data Exemption Statement

      EPA Form 85-80-4   Product Specific Data Report

      EPA Form 8580-6   Certification of Attempt to Enter Into an
                        Agreement with Other Registrants  for  Development
                        of Data

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                GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS


The following terms are used throughout this Registration
Standard and are defined here for the convenience of the reader.

ADI: (Acceptable Daily Intake) An acceptable daily intake of
     pesticide residue based on a complete data base.

ai:   Active ingredient

CAS:  Chemical Abstract Service (number)

EEC:  (Estimated Environmental Concentration) Estimated pesticide
      concentration in the environment  (terrestrial or aquatic
      ecosystem).
     i
EP:  End-use Product

EPA:  The Environmental Protection Agency, also "the Agency"

FIFRA:  The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act

HOT:  Highest dose tested

LC5Q:  (median lethal concentration):  a statistically derived
       concentration of a substance that can be expected to cause
       death in 50 percent of test animals, expressed as weight
       or volume of test substance per volume of air or water
       or per weight of feed (e.g.,  mg/L or ppm).

LD5Q:  (median lethal dose):  a statistically derived single dose
       that can be expected to cause death in 50 percent of animals
       when administered by the route indicated, expressed as
       weight of substance per unit weight of test animal (e.g.,
       mg/kg).

LEL:  Lowest Effect Level

MOS:  Margin of Safety -

MPI:  Maximum Permissible Intake

MRID:  Master Record Identification (number)—EPA's system of
       tracking studies used in support of registrations

MP:  Manufacturing-use product

NPDES:  National Pollution Discharge Elimination System

NOEL:   No Observed Effect Level—the maximum dose used in a
        test which produces no observed adverse effects.
                              111

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OPP:  The Office of Pesticide Programs (EPA)

OM:  Organic matter (used to describe soils)

ppm:  Parts per million

PADI: (Provisional Acceptable Daily Intake) An acceptable daily
      intake of pesticide residue based on a limited data base.

PAI:  Pure active ingredient

Technical:  Active ingredient as manufactured

TMRC: (Theoretical Maximum Residue Contribution)
                              IV

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                       I.  INTRODUCTION

     EPA has established the Registration Standards program
in order to provide an orderly mechanism by which pesticide
products containing the same active ingredient can be reviewed
and standards set for compliance with FIFRA.  The standards
are applicable to reregistration and future applications for
registration of products containing the same active ingredient.
Each registrant of a product containing an active ingredient
subject to this Standard who wishes to continue to sell or
distribute that product must bring his product and labeling
into compliance with FIFRA, as instructed by this Standard.

     The Registration Standards program involves a thorough
review of the scientific data base underlying a pesticide's
registration.  The purpose of the Agency's review is to
reasses*s the potential hazards arising from the currently
registered uses of the pesticide; to determine the need for
additional data on health and environmental effects; and to
determine whether the pesticide meets the "no unreasonable
adverse effects" criteria of FIFRA.  In its review EPA identifies;

     1.  Studies that are acceptable to support the data
requirements for the currently registered uses of the pesticide.

     2.  Additional studies necessary to support continued
registration.  The additional studies may not have been
required when the product was initially registered or may be
needed to replace studies that are now considered inadequate.

     3.  Labeling revisions needed to ensure that the product
is not misbranded and that the labeling is adequate to protect
man and the environment.

     The detailed scientific review and use index which are
not contained in this document,  but is available upon request1,
focuses on the pesticide active ingredient.   The scientific
review primarily discusses the Agency's evaluation of and
conclusions from available data in its files pertaining to
the pesticide active ingredient.   However,  during the review
of these data the Agency is also looking for potential hazards
that may be associated with the end use products that contain
the active ingredient.   The Agency will apply the provisions
of this Registration Standard to end use products if necessary
to protect man and the environment.
1The scientific reviews and use index are available from the
 National Technical Information Service,  5285 Port Royal Road,
 Springfield,  Va.   22161 or from the Order Desk (703)  487-4650

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     EPA's reassessment results in the development of a
regulatory position,  contained in this Registration Standard,
on the pesticide and  each of its registered uses.   See
Section IV - Regulatory Position and Rationale.   Based on its
regulatory position,  the Agency may prescribe a variety of
steps to be taken by  registrants to maintain their registrations
in compliance with FIFRA.  These steps may include:

     1.  Submission of data in support of product  registration;

     2.  Modification of product labels;

     3.  Modifications to the manufacturing process of the
pesticide to reduce the levels of impurities or contaminants;

     4. t Restriction  of the use of the pesticide to certified
applicators or other  specially trained individuals;

     5.  Modification of uses or formulation types; or

     6.  Specification of packaging limitations.

     Failure to comply with the data submission requirements
may result in the issuance of a Notice of Intent to Suspend.
Failure to comply with the other requirements in this Standard
may result is the issuance of a Notice of Intent to Cancel.

     In addition, in  cases in which hazards to man or the
environment are identified, the Agency may initiate a special
review of the pesticide in accordance with 40 CFR Part 154
to examine in depth the risks and benefits of use of the
pesticide.  If the Agency determines that the risks of the
pesticide's use outweigh the benefits of use, the Agency
may propose additional regulatory actions, such as cancellation
of uses of the pesticide which have been determined to cause
unreasonable adverse  effects on the environment.

     EPA has authority under the Data Call-in (DCI) provisions
of FIFRA sec. 3(c)(2)(B) to require that registrants submit
data to answer our questions regarding the chemical, toxicological,
and environmental characteristics and fate of a pesticide.
This Registration Standard lists the data EPA believer are
necessary to resolve  our concerns about this pesticide.
These  data are listed in the Tables A, and B in Appendix I.
Failure to comply with the DCI requirements enumerated in
this Registration Standard may result in issuance by EPA of  a
Notice of Intent to Suspend the affected product registrations.

     Registrants are reminded that FIFRA sec. 6(a)(2) requires
them to submit factual information concerning possible unreason-
able adverse effects of a pesticide at any time that they

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become aware of such information.   Registrants must notify
the Agency of any information, including interim or preliminary
results of studies,  if that information suggests possible
adverse effects on man or the environment.   This requirement
is independent of the specific time requirements imposed by
EPA for submission of completed studies called in by the
Agency and continues as long as the products are registered
under FIFRA.

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          I I .   CHEMICAL ( S )  COVERED BY THIS STANDARD

A-   Description of chemical (s )

    The following chemical(s) are covered by this Registration
Standard:

    Common name:   Metiram

    Chemical name:  Mixture of  5.2 Parts by Weight (83.9%) of
      ammoniates  of [ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) ] zinc with
      1 part by weight (16.1%)  ethylenebis[dithiocarbamic acid],
      bimolecular and trimolecular cyclic anhydrosulf ides and
      disulf ides

    CAS Number: 9006-42-2

    OPP ' (Shaughnessy) Numbers:  014601

    Empirical Formula:
    Trade names:  Polyram®, Polram-Comi® ,  Carbatene® and Zinc
      Metiram®

    Description of physical characteristics of chemical
      Color: Yellow
      Melting Point: Approximately 140°C

B .   Use ^Profile

    Type of Pesticide:  Fungicide (with minor insecticidal
      value) .

    Pests Controlled (in general):  Foliar fungal diseases of
      selected fruit, nut, vegetable, field and ornamental
                     crops.

    Registered Uses:  Terrestrial food crop uses on apples,
      asparagus,  celery, corn (sweet), cotton, cucumber,
      peanuts, pecans, potatoes (including seed- pieces),
      sugar beets, and tomato; Terrestrial nonfood crop uses
      on tobacco (field and transplants)  and roses.

    Predominant Use(s):  Apple foliage and potato foliage and
      seed piece treatment

    Mode of Activity: Inhibition of certain fungal enzyme systems

    Formulation Types Registered:
       Formulating intermediate - 80% percent active ingredient
       End-use products - dusts, wettable powders

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Method(s) of Application:   All formulations may be applied
   by aerial equipment and ground equipment except the
   single active ingredient (3.5%) and 10% formulations
   used as seed piece treatments.

Application Rates - Terrestrial Food Crop: 0.3-6.4 Ib ai/A
                     Terrestrial Nonfood Crop: 1.2-2.4 Ib ai/A

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                      C..	Background

Metiram is one of six chemicals classified as ethylene bisdi-
thiocarbamate (EBDC) fungicides.   These broad spectrum fungi-
cides are used to prevent crop damage by fungi and to protect
harvested products from deterioration.  The chemical structure
of metiram and the other  EBDC's (amobam, maneb, nabam, mancozeb,
and zineb) and their metabolite,  ethylenethiourea (ETU)  are
depicted in Figure 1.

The chemistry of the EBDC's is complicated by their  instability
and their propensity to form polymers.  The solubilities
of several of the EBDC's  in water and other solvents vary from
insoluble to completely soluble.   The EBDC's are generally
unstable in the presence  of moisture and oxygen, as  well as
in bio!6gical systems.   A common  contaminant, degradation
product, and metabolite of all EBDC's is ETU, an odorless
white crystalline solid that is soluble in water but insoluble
in common organic solvents.  EBDC residues, in or on foods,
are known to convert readily to ETU during commercial processing
or home cooking.

In 1977, the Agency initiated a Special Review (formerly
referred to as Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration
[RPAR]) of the EBDC's.   The Special Review process is designed
to help the Agency determine whether to initiate procedures to
cancel, deny or reclassify registration of a pesticide product
because uses of that product may cause unreasonable adverse
effects on the environment, in accordance with sections 3(c)(6)
and 6 of FIFRA.  This process is set forth in 40 CFR 154,
which describes various risk criteria and provides that a
Special Review may arise if the Agency determines that any
of these criteria have been met.

The EBDC Special Review was based on the presumption that the
EBDC's and the metabolite, ETU, posed three kinds of risk to
human health or the environment:   oncogenicity, teratogenicity,
and acute toxicity to aquatic organisms.  Three additional
areas of concern were also identified:  thyroid toxicity,
mutagenicity, and skin sensitization.  Skin sensitization was
subsequently determined not to meet a Special Review criterion.

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The Agency  evaluated  these  potential  risks  in  depth,  taking
into account  uncertainties  associated with  the risk  estimates,
considering the  significant benefits  of  the EBDC's and weighing
various regulatory  options.   In  1982,  the Agency  issued  its
Decision Document on  all EBDC's  reporting on the  results of
the evaluation.  This  evaluation resulted in the  following
conclusions.

1.  The potential risk of acute  toxicity to aquatic  organisms
    resulting from  use of mancozeb  on commercially grown
    wild rice would be mitigated through present  cultivating
    practices and the  addition of a statement  to  the  label
    warning users of  a hazard to fish.

2.  Potential risks of teratogenicity and thyroid toxicity
    to commercial and  agricultural  applicators would  be
    adequately reduced by requiring protective clothing.

3.  Potential dietary  exposure resulting from  consumption
    of home grown produce could  be  reduced  by  highlighting
    preharvest intervals on labels  of  noncommercial  (home
    use) products used by home gardeners.

4.  The issues of whether EBDC's  or ETU  pose a potential  risk
    of oncogenicity, mutagenicity,  teratogenicity, and thyroid
    effects to man were subject  to  many  uncertainties.   Avail-
    able data on oncogenicity and mutagenicity were not  adequate
    to resolve key  scientific issues  such as the  mechanism of
    action  of EBDC's and ETU.  Additional data on the EBDC's
    and ETU were needed for  the Agency to determine their muta-
    genic potential and to  assess human  exposure  and oncogenic
    risk.   Some data would  be required at termination of  the
    Special Review while further data needs, with particular
    emphasis  on chronic studies, dietary residues and exposure,
    would be  identified during a later reregistration review.
    Data needs identified at  that time included:

    a.   Metabolism studies  designed to define  the in vivo
        conversion of  the various EBDC's to ETU and other
        metabolites.

    b.   Dermal absorption studies designed  to  demonstrate the
        dermal penetration of each  of the EBDC's  and ETU.

    c.   Five  mutagenicity studies on  each of the  six registered
        EBDC's.

    d.   Mammalian cell transformation assays on each of the
        six EBDC's and ETU.

With the issuance of the Decision Document,  the Agency concluded
the Special Review and returned the EBDC's to  the registration
process on  the condition that registrants comply with the
label changes  and data requirements specified  in the Decision
Document.
                                     7

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Since issuance of the Decision Document,  the Agency has issued
seven data call-in notices for metiram as follows:

1.   January 17,  1983:  This notice required the submission of
    the metabolism, dermal penetration and mutagenicity data
    identified in the 1982 Decision Document.

2.   July 25, 1984:  This notice advised registrants of the
    Agency's concern about the existence  of pesticides in
    ground water and the designation of a number of chemicals,
    including metiram, which may have the potential to con-
    taminate ground water.  The chemicals were designated
    based on such factors as chemical structure, solubility,
    and use patterns.  The notice required submission of
    certain environmental fate and product chemistry data
    forithe agricultural uses only.

3.   October 19,  1984:  This notice required dietary exposure,
    product chemistry and toxicological (subchronic feeding and
    inhalation)  data considered necessary to reassess the
    registration status of metiram.

4.   March 20, 1985:  This notice required registrants of all
    pesticide products containing metiram to submit all outstanding
    data requirements as outlined under 40 CFR 158  regulations
    for disciplines including product chemistry, toxicology,
    wildlife and aquatic organisms, and environmental fate.

5.   April 30, 1985:  This notice required additional data,
    not identified in the October 1984 call-in notice, but
    considered necessary to the reassessment of the chemicals.
    These data were additional toxicological (subchronic feeding
    and inhalation - ETU) and residue data for ETU  as well as
    metiram.

6.   March 31, 1987:  Residue chemistry data were required in the
    October 19,  1984 Data Call In Notice.  Because  adequate storage
    stability data were not submitted to ascertain  whether
    residues of  metiram and/or ETU are stable in or on plant
    commodities  when stored, firm conclusions on dietary exposure
    to metiram or ETU from the use of metiram could not be
    drawn based  on data available at that time.  Therefore,
    this DCI required storage stability data and crop residue
    data for metiram and ETU.

7.   April 1, 1987:  This notice required additional data
    necessary to support the continued registration of metiram.
    These data requirements pertain in general to the compre-
    hensive review of the chemical which included the
    reassessment of tolerances.  This data included environ-
    mental fate, product chemistry, residue chemistry, toxicology
    and wildlife and aquatic organisms.
                                       8

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                                       FIGURE 1



                         CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF EBDC'S AND ETU



                               ETHYLENE THIOUREA (ETU)

                                        H
                                        I
                                  CH2 - NN
                                  CH2 - N
                                        I
                                        H
                                              = S
      NABAM
                                                       AMOBAM
CH2

CH2
- N - C - S -
N - C - S

J    If
H   S
      MANEB
            - N,


CH2
I
CH2


H
1
- N

- N
I
H
S
II
- C -

- C -
II
S


S -

S - Mn


      X > I
      MANCOZEB
CH2-N-C-S- NH4

CH2-N-C-S-NH4
ZINEB
CH2
1
CH2
H
1
- N -
- N -
1
H
S
II
C - S -
C - S -
II
S
Zn
                                                         > 1
                                                       METIRAM
H S
1 If
CH2 - N - C - S -
1
CH2-N-C-S-Mn
1 II
H S



ZHy
X







H S
1 "
CH2 - N - C - S -
CHo - N - C - S - Zn(NH3) —
1 II
H a

.
H S
I II
CH2-N-C-S-
CH2-N-C-S-
1 H
3 H S

                                                                       > I

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The data required by the first five call-in notices to support
the continued registration of metiram products have been
received and considered by the Agency in its evaluation of
metiram, as presented in the assessment section of this
Standard.  Data submitted in response to the April 1,  1987,
Notice was such that the time frames for submission of
data were too late for the data to be reviewed and consequently
are not included in this Standard.  However, all metiram data
submitted are being reviewed and the registrants) will be
informed as to the results of the Agency review when completed.

In June 1987, the Agency initiated another Special Review for
the EBDC'S.  The Agency initiated this Special Review of the
EBDC pesticides because of concern about the oncogenic risk
to consumers from dietary exposure to ETU from foods treated
with these pesticides, and the risks of teratogenicity and
adverse thyroid effects to applicators and mixer/loaders
from exposure to ETU.  ETU is present as part of the residue
of the EBDC pesticides on or in treated agricultural commodities.
In addition, a portion of the EBDC pesticide residues convert
into ETU in the body after ingestion.  At the time of initiating
the Special Review, the Agency estimated that the lifetime
dietary oncogenic risk to consumers from these two sources
of exposure to ETU was 2.2 x 10" .  This estimate is based
on exposure to ETU from the residues of only one of the EBDC
pesticides, mancozeb.  Consequently, the overall dietary
risk may be higher due to contributions from the other EBDC's.
                                    10

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                   III.   AGENCY ASSESSMENT

                         A.   SUMMARY

Based on the review of available data, the Agency has reached
the conclusions set forth in this Standard.   A summary of
those conclusions follow.  A more detailed discussion is
contained in the remainder of this Chapter.

1.  A major toxicological concern from exposure to metiram
    is the hazard to the human thyroid from presence of
    ethylenethiourea (ETU),  a contaminant, degradation product,
    and metabolite present in metiram and other EBDC products.
    Additional chronic studies on metiram are required for
    further evaluation.

2.  ETU has caused developmentally toxic/teratogenic
    effects in rats and hamsters.  There are no adequate
    teratology studies on metiram.  A rat teratology study
    on metiram may partially fill the teratology requirement
    if additional information on stability and homogeneity
    on metiram technical can be provided.  No teratogenic
    effects associated with metiram administration were
    noted in this study.  A rabbit teratogenicity study
    is required with metiram in order to fully assess its
    teratogenicity.

3.  ETU has been classified as a Group B2 carcinogen in accordance
    with the Agency's Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment
    (September 26, 1986, 51 CFR 33992), based on studies which
    show that it induced an increased incidence of thyroid
    adenomas and adenocarcinomas in rats and hepatomas in mice.

4.  In June 1987, the Agency initiated a second Special
    Review for the EBDC's because of concern about the oncogenic
    risk to consumers from dietary exposure to ETU from
    foods treated with these pesticides, and the risks of
    teratogenicity and adverse thyroid effects to applicators
    and mixer/loaders from exposure to ETU.

As a result of this review, the Agency has identified missing
data needed to further evaluate the environmental and human
risks associated with the use of metiram.  These data must be
submitted in order to maintain registrations of products or
register new products containing metiram.  Almost all of these
data have been required in previous Data Call In Notices.
Complete details can be obtained by referring to the tables
in Appendix I.

The Agency has also determined that certain label restrictions
or revisions are necessary in order for metiram products to
remain in compliance with FIFRA, as indicated below.  Chapter


                                      1 1

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IV, Section D,  Labeling,  contains the specific wording for
each of the labeling statements and identifies the products
to which each labeling statement applies.
         o
0 Protective clothing requirements
0 Environmental hazard precautions
  Reentry intervals
0 Worker  safety rules
0 Preharvest interval emphasis
0 Grazing restrictions
The regulatory Position and Rationale section discusses the
Agency's position regarding metiram.
                                    12

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               B. PRELIMINARY RISK ASSESSMENT

Toxicology Studies - Metiram.  In its review of metiram, the
Agency has considered the available data as summarized below:

1.  Acute Toxicity and Irritation Studies.  No data were
available for the evaluation of the acute toxic effects of
Metiram Technical.  Data are required to assess the acute
oral, acute dermal, and acute inhalation toxicity, primary
eye and dermal irritation and skin sensitization potential of
metiram.

2.  Subchronic Testing

Oral  (Rodent, Nonrodent) Studies.  Studies submitted in
response to the Data Call In Notice of October 19, 1984, may
satisfy these data requirements if additional information on
the stability and homogeneity of metiram technical is provided.

In a 13-week feeding study, metiram was fed to Sprague-Dawley
rats at levels of 0, 50, 100, 300, or 900 ppm (0 2.5, 5, 15,
45 mg/kg/day).  Hind-limb paralysis was observed in the high
dose females but not males.  Atrophic lesions of th'igh muscle
were increased in males receiving 900 ppm and in females
receiving 300 or 900 ppm (15, 45 mg/kg/day) after 13 weeks.
Weight gains for these groups were also significantly decreased
during the first 3 weeks of the study.  Serum thyroxine
levels were decreased after 11-12 weeks in males and females
receiving 300 or 900 ppm (15, 45 mg/kg/day),  and [131I]
uptake by the thyroid (measured at week 13) was decreased
compared to controls in all dosed groups of males and in
females receiving 100,  300, or 900 ppm (5,  15,  45 mg/kg/day).
There was a minimal degree of thyroid follicular hyperplasia
in 2 of the 15 males receiving 900 ppm (45 mg/kg/day).
After withdrawing the test compound for a 6-week period
there was a reversal of all effects noted except skeletal
muscle lesions in high-dose females.   The LEL,  based on.thyroid
function tests,  is 100 ppm (5 mg/kg/day)  in females and 50
ppm in males; a NOEL was not achieved for males but is considered
to be 50 ppm (2.5 mg/kg/day) in females.

Information on the purity and stability of the metiram test
substance is needed to complete evaluation of these studies.

In a 26 week feeding study, metiram was orally administered
to Rhesus monkeys at dosage levels of 5,  15,  75 mg/kg/day.
There were decreased serum levels of  3,3',  5,5'-tetraiodothyronine
(T4)  (a thyroid hormone)  in males and females and increased
thyroid weights in males at all dose  levels.   Decreased
serum levels of 3,5,3'triiodothyronine (T3)  (a thyroid hormone)
in males and females,  increased thyroid weights in females,
and follicular epithelial hyperplasia of  the  thyroid in

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males and females were observed in the 15 and 75 mg/kg/day
groups.  T4 serum levels in 75 mg/kg/day animals appeared
reversed after 5 weeks of recovery; however, this effect was
not consistent at 15 weeks.  Thyroid hyperplasia showed some
reversibility by week 15 of the recovery period.

When metiram was orally administered to a second set of Rhesus
monkeys (2/sex/dose) for 27 weeks at dosage levels of 5 and
75 mg/kg/day to assess the effect on thyroid function, there
was an initial reduction in iodine uptake in males and females
at 5 and 75 mg/kg/day followed by a significant increase in
iodine uptake in high-dose males and females after 27 weeks
of dosing.

Based on thyroid function studies and increased thyroid
weights,, the LEL is 5 mg/kg/day, the lowest dose tested.  This
study did not provide a basis to establish a NOEL for metiram.

The subchronic oral studies may be upgraded with stability
and purity information on the test substance.  Since a chronic,
non-rodent study is required, further subchronic studies in
non-rodents will not be necessary.

Dermal Studies - No data were available for the evaluation
of the subchronic dermal effects of metiram.  A 21-day dermal
toxicity study is required.

Subchronic Inhalation -  Sufficient data are available to
satisfy this data requirement for metiram technical.  Metiram
was administered to rats in a 13-week inhalation study at
levels of 0, 2.1, 20 and 101 mg/m^ to groups of 28 males and
28 females.  Group mean body weights in high dose males were
significantly lower than controls from weeks 7 through 12
and in high-dose females during weeks 12 and 13.  A slight
decrease in body weight was observed in mid-dose males (20 mg/m^)
and females.  Thyroxine and TSH were found to be slightly
decreased in high-dose males and females.  Blood urea nitrogen
levels were significantly increased in high-dose females
compared to controls, but were apparently within the range
(of age and strain) of historical controls.  Results of
urinalysis and pathology at sacrifice showed metiram is
excreted in the _urine and high quantities were found in lung
tissue, increasing with dosage.  Several significant
organ weight effects were noted including increased relative
brain/bodyweight ratio, increased lung/trachea ratio in
males and lowered liver weight, and lower relative liver/bodyweight
ratio  in high-dose males compared to controls.  In females, in
the high-dose group, lung/trachea weight was significantly
greater than controls.  In the 13-14 animals sacrificed at
13 weeks a significant number showed pigmentation of the
                                    14

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kidneys in the convoluted tubule epithelium [11/11 males
examined at the high dose vs. 0/11 controls (none were examined
at the mid-dose)].  Lung alveolitis was found in 10/10 mid-
dose and 10/11 high-dose males compared to 0/11 controls.
Females showed an incidence of kidney pigmentation similar
to males,  with 10/10 high-dose and 8/10 mid-dose females
compared to 0/10 controls.  The NOEL (based on alveolitis
found in mid- and high-dose male and female rats) was
2.1 mg/m3 and the LEL effect level was 20
No further subchronic inhalation studies are required at this time,

3 .  Chronic Testing

Chronic Toxicity Studies.  Metiram was fed to CD rats at
dietary levels of 0, 5,  20, 80, or 320 ppm (0, .25, 1, 4, 16
mg/kg/day) for two years.  The only compound-related effect
observed was an increase in skeletal muscle atrophy in males
and females receiving 320 ppm.  There were no effects of
dosing on survival, body weights, or clinical laboratory
findings.  Fluctuations of triiodothyronine (T3) or thyroxine
(T4) serum levels, and thyroid function (as assessed by
[131 j] uptake) were observed.  However, the data on T3
and T4 serum levels cannot be adequately evaluated since
they were not measured on the same animals throughout the
study.  Based on skeletal muscle atrophy, the LEL is considered
to be 320 ppm (16 mg/kg/day) and the NOEL is 80 ppm (4 mg/kg/day)
metiram in the diet.  This rat study may be upgraded if
additional information on stability and homogeneity of metiram
technical is provided.

No data are available on the chronic toxicity of metiram to
non-rodents.  Chronic studies in both rats and dogs are
required.

Oncogenicity Studies-Rats.  Data on the oncogenicity phase of
the 2-year rat feeding study (also described under chronic
toxicity) indicated that under the testing conditions, metiram
was not oncogenic in CD rats.  However, it appears that
the maximum tolerated dose was not approached in this study.
At the highest dose tested (320 ppm) (16 mg/kg/day) the only
effect noted was an increased incidence of minimal to moderate
muscle atrophy of the thighs in males and females.  D.ose
                                    15

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levels were selected on the basis of the 13 week subchronic
feeding study in rats which used doses up to 900 ppm (45 mg/kg/
day).   Decreases in serum thyroxine levels in males and
females and decreased [ISlj] uptake by the thyroid at all
doses were several observations noted in the 13 week study.
Based on these and other observations the Agency believes
the choice of 320 ppm (16 mg/kg/day) as the highest dose is
low.

Zymbal gland squamous cell carcinoma was observed in several
treated males (2 in each of the low, medium-low, and medium-high
dose groups; one in the high dose group) and in one female
of the mid-dose group but none in the control groups.  However,
because of the lack of historical background incidence of
this tumor in this strain of rat, the significance of this
incidence could not be evaluated.  Analyses of test substance
for stability, homogeneity and purity were not reported.

Mice
In a 1979 oncogenicity study, CFLP mice were fed 0, 100, 300,
or 1000 ppm (0, 15, 45, 150 mg/kg/day) of the test material
in the diet.  A compound-related oncogenic response was not
apparent.  However, this study could not be fully evaluated
because of the following deficiencies:

    a.  The summary tabulation of histopathology data did not
        list the number of tissues examined, only the number of
        animals.

    b.  Examination of a sampling of individual pathology
        data records indicated that many essential
        tissues may not have been examined histologically.

    c.  Historical laboratory data for neoplasms in the CFLP
        strains of mouse were not provided.

The data as presented are inconclusive.  In addition,
the maximum tolerated dose was apparently not reached
in this study since the highest dose level failed to induce
any overt toxic effects in both sexes; the animals could
have tolerated higher dose levels.  Analyses of the test
substance for stability and homogeneity were not reported.
If adequate histopathology information and stability information
on the test substance cannot be provided, a repeat study
will be necessary.

These studies may suffice if additional information on the
selection of dose  (for mouse and rat studies), on histopathology
(for the mouse study), and on stability, homogeneity and
purity on Metiram Technical  (for both mouse and rat studies)
can be provided.
                                   16

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Teratogenicity Testing In a 1979 teratogenicity study  in
Sprague-Dawley rats, metiram was administered at 0, 40, 80,
and 160 mg/kg/day to 20 female rats per group.  Maternal
body weight gains for high dose dams were significantly
reduced on gestation days 10 and 14 when compared with controls.
No teratogenic effects associated with metiram administration
were noted in this study.

Maternal toxicity no observed effects level  (NOEL) was 80
mg/kg/day with bodyweight changes in high-dose dams 15 and
16% lower than controls on treatment days 10 and 14.  Based
on the above findings, the LEL for maternal toxicity was 160
mg/kg/day.  The lowest observed effect level for developmental
toxicity was assessed at 160 mg/kg/day and the NOEL was 80
mg/kg/day based on preimplantation and postimplantation
losses.  At the high dose these values were 13.3% and 6.9%,
respectively, with corresponding control values of 5.9%
and 4.0%.  No teratogenic effects associated with metiram
administration were noted in this study.  This study was
inadequate for complete evaluation, but may be acceptable if
adequate stability and homogeneity on metiram technical are
provided.

A rat and rabbit teratology study are required.  The rat
study failed to include information on stability and homogeneity
on metiram technical; if this is provided, the study may not
have to be repeated.

Reproduction Study In a reproduction study with Sprague-Dawley
rats,  metiram mixed in the diet at concentrations of 0, 5,
40, and 320 ppm (0,  .25,  2,  16 mg/kg/day) produced mild
decreases in parental bodyweights and parental food consumption
at 320 ppm.  In addition, the following effects in reproductive
performance and developmental effects were noted: 1) Litter
size for animals dosed with 5,  40,  and 320 ppm were reduced
compared with controls for the ?2b anc^ ^3t> (significant
at all dose levels); however these reductions did not occur
in dose-related patterns.  2) The mating performance of
animals dosed at 320 ppm (16 mg/kg/day) was slightly reduced
when compared with controls; the length of gestation at this
dose level was slightly increased when compared with controls.
3) Based on the above findings,  the NOEL for parental toxicity
of metiram is assessed at 40 ppm,  (2 mg/kg/day) and ttie LEL
is 320 ppm (16 mg/kg/day).   A NOEL for developmental toxicity
was not established in this  study;  effects were seen at all
dosage levels (reduced litter size).  Also mating performance
was reduced at the high dose in the F3 generation.   Because
of the lack of a NOEL for reproductive effects, the submitted
study does not satisfy the data requirements.  A new study
is required.

Mutagenicity Studies - Metiram was tested for its potential
to induce unscheduled DNA synthesis in the primary hepatocyte
in rats.   Under the test conditions,  "the test material did
                                    17

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not induce significant changes in the nuclear labeling of rat
primary hepatocytes in concentrations ranging from 0'.492 to
49.2 ug/ml of the test material and 25.8% to 107.2% cell
survival rate."

In an in vivo bone marrow cytogenetic assay in rats, the acute
(one dose") oF subacute (daily x  5 days) oral exposure to male
rats to 2.4 or 0.2 g/kg,  respectively, of metiram technical
did not cause a significant increase in chromosomal aberrations
from bone marrow cells sampled over the entire mitotic cycle.

The following studies were submitted in response to an earlier
Data Call In Notice with the results given and the Agency's
classification of the study:

   a) S. Cerevisiae reverse mutation (presumptive positive)
      (inconclusive/unacceptable).
   b) UDS/rat primary hepatocytes (negative) (acceptable)
   c) In vivo bone marrow cytogenetic assay/rat (negative)
      (acceptable)
   d) Transformation/promotion in C3H 10 T 1/2 cells
      (negative/weak positive) (acceptable/inconclusive)
   e) Mouse/host-mediated assay (negative) (acceptable)
   f) In vitro SCE in CHO cells (positive without S9, and
      with mouse S9; negative with rat S9) (acceptable)
   g) Point (gene) mutation (HGPRT) in CHO cells (positive
      without S9, marginal positive with rat S9) (inconclusive)
      A repeat assay (point mutation in CHO cells) is required.

      The majority of acceptable mutagenicity studies on metiram
      were negative.  However, the in vitro sister chromatid
      exchange assay in CHO cells was positive and is considered
      a sensitive test for chromosomal effects.  Metiram is
      considered positive for chromosomal damage.

Metabolism Studies - The metabolism and clearance of metiram
were studied in male and female CD rats.  The data indicate
that the polymer is hydrolyzed and readily absorbed and
eliminated in the urine and feces.  Elimination in the urine
is slightly higher in females than in males.  Residues were
highest in the thyroids,  kidneys, and gastrointestinal (G.I.)
tract and were higher in the tissues of female rats than
male rats.  Some accumulation of residues in the tissues was
seen after repeated dosing of C^-^C] Metiram (seven daily
oral dosages at ,5 mg/kg/day).  Analysis of metabolites indicates
that metiram is catabolized to numerous compounds of low
molecular weight.

ETU was reported to be one of the metabolites in the urine
and bile of rats dosed with radiolabeled metiram mixtures.
ETU was reported to comprise roughly 30 percent of the 0-24
hour urinary radioactivity and 4.2 to 18.0 percent of the 0-
12 hour biliary radioactivity.

Percutaneous Absorption - Metiram technical is not significantly
absorbed through the skin.  C^C] Metiram was not significantly
absorbed when topically applied to the shaved skin of adult


                                      IS

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male CD-I rats.  Less than 1 percent of the 240 mg/kg dose
of [14C] metiram was absorbed through'the skin after 8
hours of contact.  In contrast, at a dose level of 0.24 mg/kg
a higher percentage of the radioactivity was absorbed (about 5
fold).  A dermal absorption factor of 6 percent was employed
in the risk assessment based on the exposure to applicators.

Toxicological Studies - ETU - Since ETU, a contaminant,
degradation product, and metabolite of metiram and other EBDC
products, presents toxicological concerns, available data on ETU
were considered in the overall evaluation of metiram.  These
data are summarized as follows:

Subchronic Studies - During a 90-day rat feeding study with
mancozeb, an additional group of animals received 250 ppm
(12.5 mg/kg/day) ETU.  Compound related effects in this
group were generally comparable to those observed at 1000
ppm (50 mg/kg/day) mancozeb (depressed body weight and changes
in hormone levels accompanied by diffused hyperplasia of
thyroid follicular epithelium).  Residue analysis for ETU in
mancozeb-treated animals revealed that no ETU was present in
the blood.

In a rat study conducted to examine the subchronic effects
of ETU on the thyroid, levels of 50, 100, 500, and 750 ppm
(2.5,  5, 25,  37.5 mg/kg/day) ETU were fed for 30, 60, 90,
and 120 days.  A NOEL was not determined in this study due
to effects of ETU seen on thyroid weights at all dosage
levels at 120 days.  In a second rat study,  levels of 0, 1,
5, 25, 125, and 625 ppm (.05,   .25,  1.25, 6.25, 31.25 mg/kg/day)
ETU were fed for 30, 60, and 90 days.  Thyroid hyperplasia,
decreased uptake of 125j j-,v ^Ine thyroid, and decreased
serum T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (tetraiodothyronine)
were seen.  The LEL was 25 ppm (1.25 mg/kg/day) for these
effects with 5 ppm (0.25 mg/kg) considered the NOEL.

In a 90-day mouse study, ETU fed at levels of 0, 1, 10,  100,
and 1000 ppm (0, .15, 1.5, 15, 150 mg/kg/day) resulted in
increased thyroid weights in females and an increased incidence
of follicular cell hyperplasia in both sexes at levels of
100 ppm (15 mg/kg/day) and higher.   Liver toxicity was only
observed at the highest level, 1000 ppm (150 mg/kg/day).

In a 21-week study in Rhesus monkeys, at dosage levels of 0,
2, 10, 50, and 250 ppm (0, 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 12.5 mg/kg/day),
serum thyroid hormone concentrations were measured as well
as iodine uptake in the thyroid.   Mild to moderate pituitary
hypertrophy was seen at 50 and 250 ppm,  as well as thyroid
follicular lining cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia (mild at
50 ppm; moderate to severe at 250 ppm).   Serum levels of T4
were significantly decreased in the 250 ppm group.  Free
serum T4 levels were also significantly decreased in both
the 50 and 250 ppm group; iodine uptake was significantly
increased at these levels and thyroid stimulating hormone
(TSH)  levels were significantly increased at 250 ppm.

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In a 6-month Rhesus monkey study, at dosage levels of 0, 50,
150, and 450 ppm (0, 2.5, 7.5, 22.5 mg/kg/day), pituitary as
well as thyroid hormone levels were measured.  A NOEL was
not demonstrated.

On c ogenici ty Studies - Three oncogenicity studies have
been reviewed, as discussed below:

In a mouse study (Innes), two hybrid strains of mice were
used [(C57BL/6 x C3H/Anf)Fi (Strain X) and (C57BL/6 x
AKR)F]_ (Strain Y)].  Eighteen mice per sex per group were
used in the treatment group.  Only one dose was tested which
was stated to be the maximum tolerated dose.   When the mice
were 7 days old, 215 mg/kg ETU was given by stomach daily.
At 28 days of age,  the mice were given diets containing 646
ppm (96.9 mg/kg/day) of ETU.  The mice were sacrificed after
a total of 83 weeks of treatment.  Histopathology consisted
of examination of all major organs and of all grossly visible
lesions.   Thyroid glands were not examined.  The incidence
of liver tumors, which were not classified as adenomas or
carcinomas but only as hepatomas, is outlined in the following
table:

                             Male                   Female
                      Control    Treated      Control    Treated

         Strain X       3/14      14/16         0/18      18/18
         Strain Y       1/18      18/18         0/18       9/16

           Totals:  Controls - 4/68           Treated - 59/68

In a study with Charles River CD-I rats, 175 or 350 ppm
(8.75, 17.5 mg/kg/day) ETU was administered in the diet for
18 months.  At that time, 5 rats/sex were sacrificed and the
remaining rats were placed on control diets until termination
of the study at 24 months.  The control group consisted of
32 male and 36 female rats.  No thyroid lesions were seen in
the control group.  The incidence of thyroid lesions in the
ETU-treated rats is presented below.  The number of animals
examined was not given.

                                 JJLP_p_p_m
     Lesion                  Males*   F_§J!!§.!§JEL      Males*   Females

Thyroid carcinoma**            17        8            33
  (follicular)
Thyroid solid cell              01            02
  ademona
Hyperplastic goiter            17       13            96
Simple goiter                   24            42
 *A11 five male rats in the high-dose group sacrificed
  at 18 months had hyperplastic goiter; 3 had follicular
  thyroid cancer.
**Two with lung metastases.
                                   20

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In a "2-year study, Charles River rats were placed on diets
containing 0, 5, 25, 125, 250, or 500 ppm  (0,  .05,  .25, 6.25
12.5, 25 mg/kg/day) ETU.  Body weight gain was adversely
affected at the highest dose tested at 18  and  24 months for
both males and females.  131j uptake was statistically
increased in male rats at 18 months in the 25  and 125 ppm
(.25, 6.25 mg/kg/day) groups and decreased at  500 ppm (25
mg/kg/day).  At 24 months in the male rats, 131I uptake
was significantly increased in the 5 ppm (.05  mg/kg/day)
group and decreased in the 500 ppm (25 mg/kg/day) group.
Because of large variability in the values obtained, there
were no statistically significant differences  in 13^I
uptake in female rats.

Histopathology incidence data were combined for males and
females.  An increase in the number of rats with cataracts/
keratitis and with thyroid follicular adenocarcinoma/ carcinoma
was observed in the groups fed 250 and 500 ppm (12.5, 25 mg/kg/day)
ETU; with thyroid adenomas in the 250 ppm  (12.5 mg/kg/day)
group; and with thyroid hyperplasia in the 5,  25, 125, and
250 ppm (.05, .25, 6.25 mg/kg/day) groups.   The LEL
is 5 ppm (0.25 mg/kg/day) for the effects of ETU on the
thyroid in this study.  Relevant data are summarized as
follows:

                               Tumor Incidence Data for Rats,
                                 Including 18-Month Interim
                           	Sacr_i_fice^_Fed_ETU_in the Diet	
                                     Dose Levels in ppm
                             0      5     25     125'   250   500
Pathological lesions
  Cataracts/keratitis        2      10      2      6     12
  Thyroid carcinoma/
    adenocarcinoma
    (follicular)             2      2      1      2     16     62
  Thyroid adenomas           2     —      5      1     21      3
  Thyroid hyperplasia        4     20     41     44     27      3
  Parathyroid hyperplasia    6     11      8      2      3      0
Number of Rats per Group    72     75     73     73     69     70

Statistics were not reported on the histopathological data.
Historical control data were not available.   More detailed
information on this study is not available.

Teratology Studies - ETU has been shown to be a teratogen in
studies with rats and hamsters.  In rats, it produces a wide
variety of anomalies in the central nervous, urogenital and
skeletal systems as well as other organs at  dosages that do
                                   21

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not produce maternal toxicity or fetotoxicity.   The NOEL for
these effects is 5 mg/kg.  Administration of T3/T4 with
ETU to pregnant rats appears to reduce the incidence of some
of these effects.

Mutagenjxrity Studies - Results of short-term assays indicate
that ETU is weakly genotoxic; ETU has been shown to give
mixed results for  gene mutation in both bacterial and mammalian
cell lines, but positive results for DNA repair in human
cells, yeast, and  bacteria.   Although reportedly positive in
one mammalian cell transformation assay using hamster cells,
an adequate assay  in mouse cells was negative.

Metabolism Studies - In a study with Rhesus monkeys, 50
percent of an administered dose of ^-^C-ETH] was excreted
in the urine within 24 hours and 90 percent within 72
hours.  Only 0 to  0.68 percent of the label was eliminated
in the feces at 24 hours and no radioactivity was found
at the 48- and 72-hour sampling periods.

In another study with Wistar rats, ^-^C-ETU was predominantly
excreted in the urine.  The ratio of urine to fecal excretion
varies with dose,  (i.e., for 0.1 ppm ETU the ratio was 55/25,
and at 10 ppm ETU  the ratio was 70/10).  Minimal radioactivity
was recovered as   C02 (£ 0.5%).  The level of radioactivity
plateaued in the thyroid gland after 8 days of dosing and
declined rapidly once dosing was terminated.

Structure Activity Information - ETU is structurally related
to thiourea, methimazole, propylthiouracil, and thiouracil,
and thyroid inhibitors.  Chronic studies on thiourea in rats
have shown that it induces hepatomas and thyroid enlargement.
Methimazole, propylthiouracil and thiouracil all induce
thyroid tumors in  rats.  Propylthiouracil also induces thyroid
tumors in hamsters and guinea pigs and pituitary adenomas in
mice.  Thiouracil  induces hepatomas and thyroid tumors in
mice.

Risk Assessment -  The Agency does not have any acceptable
oncogenicity data  on metiram.  However, based on the data
available on ETU,  as discussed in the preceding section, the
Agency has classified ETU, in accordance with the Agency's
Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (September 26,
1986, 51 FR 33992), as a Group B2 oncogen, Probable Human
Carcinogen.

The Agency's classification of ETU was made in accordance with
its guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment.   These guidelines
categorize the evidence on carcinogenicity of chemicals in terms
of how likely it is that the chemical is a human carcinogen.
Under this scheme, Group B2 categorization is appropriate if
there is "sufficient evidence" of the chemical's carcinogenicity
from animal studies.  "Sufficient evidence" is defined as an


                                    22

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 increased  incidence  of  malignant  tumors  (or  combined  malignant
 and benign tumors) in multiple  species or  strains,  in multiple
 experiments, or' to an unusual degree  with  regard to incidence,
 site or  type of  tumor,  or  age at  onset.

 ETU induced an  increased incidence  of thyroid  adenomas and
 adenocarcinomas  in two  separate studies  with rats and hepatomas
 in two strains  of mice.  Furthermore, ETU  induced the thyroid
 tumors in rats  after 1  year  or  less of treatment and  induced both
 the thyroid tumors in rats and  the  hepatomas in mice  to an  unusual
 degree in a single experiment.

 The classification as a Group B2  oncogen is  also supported  by
 positive structure-activity  data  since several  other  thyroid
 inhibitors (i.e., thiouracil and  thiourea) have been  found  to
 induce hepatomas and/or  thyroid tumors in  rodents.
       t
 EPA acknowledges that the  studies considered in arriving at its
 classification  of ETU were not  carried out in accordance with EPA
 guidelines for  oncogenicity  studies.  EPA, however, does consider
 the studies adequate to  conclude  that ETU  is oncogenic  to rats
 and mice due to  the magnitude of  the  response seen.-  The Agency's
 conclusions regarding the  classification of  ETU will  be reconsidered
 when results of  additional studies  on ETU  are available.

 Worker Expo s ur e and Ri s k s  -  The Agency is  currently assessing
 risks associated with systemic  effects of  metiram and the
 teratogenic,  thyroid  and  oncogenic effects  attributable to ETU.
 Information available to the Agency about  use practices indicates
 that aerial loading and  application are  generally performed
 by different people.  For  other application  methods (ground
boom,  airblast, sprinkler  and seed treatment),   loading and
 application are generally  performed by the same  person.
 Mixer/loaders and applicators are also exposed  to ETU when  the
 EBDC pesticides are used in  a tank mix.  Available  data
 indicate that the concentration of ETU as a  contaminatit can
 vary between products.  For  calculating  direct  exposure to
 mixers and loaders while preparing and loading  metiram spray
 mixture,  the Agency used 0.1% of  the  metiram exposure.  This
 represents the typical level of ETU contamination of  EBDC
products for which we have data.  The pesticide  applicator
 is exposed not only to the amount of  ETU which  contaminates
 the technical and tank mix but  also to the additional. ETU
 formed while spraying.  There are no  available  data for
metiram,  therefore,  the Agency  used the  available data for
maneb to calculate direct  ETU exposure to applicators.

Metiram
An oral subchronic study of metiram in rats  showed  thyroid
effects at the lowest dose tested (2.5 mg/kg) in male rats.
No teratogenic effects were  seen  at the highest dose  tested
                                    23

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(160 mg/kg/day)  when metiram was tested in the rat.   The
Agency calculated a ratio for metiram exposure to the lowest
dose level for the subchronic thyroid effects; however,  this
is not a true MOS as no NOEL was found for males in  the  rat
study.  Only for oncogenicity,  for which the Agency  has  no
studies for metiram, was a metabolic conversion to ETU
performed.  The  Agency also calculated MOSs for teratogenic
and thyroid effects of ETU from direct exposure to ETU as an
impurity and environmental degradate from the use of metiram.
In these calculations, dermal absorption figures of  30%  and
6% were used for ETU and metiram, respectively.  See Table
2.

ETU - ETU has been shown to be teratogen in studies  with -rats
and hamsters.  In rats, it produces a wide variety of anomalies
in the* central nervous, urogenital and skeletal systems.  The
NOEL for these effects is 5 mg/kg.

In assessing teratogenic margins of safety, the Agency has
assumed 30 percent dermal absorption based on a dermal
absorption study for the' ETU contaminant in the tank mix.
Because metiram did not demonstrate teratogenic effects  at
160 mg/kg/day, we did not perform an _in v^vo conversion  calculation
The exposures to applicators and the margins of safety for
teratogenic effects of ETU from exposure to metiram  and ETU
in the tank mix  are shown in Table 3.

ETU has also demonstrated thyroid hyperplasia, decreased
uptake of 125i (iodine) by the thyroid and decreased serum T3
and T4 in a subchronic feeding study in rats.  The NOEL for
these effects is 5 ppm (0.25 mg/kg/day).  Margins of safety
for thyroid effects were calculated for direct exposure to
ETU and are given in Table 3.

The Agency has also calculated the oncogenic risk to loaders
and applicators from exposure to ETU both from metiram absorbed
and metabolized to ETU and from direct exposure to ETU as a
contaminant in the tank mix.  The exposures and risks are given
in Table 3.  The range of oncogenic risk is 4 x 10~8 to
3 x 10~5.

Dietary Exposure and Risk - The Agency has assessed 'dietary risks
attributed to exposure to ETU resulting from application of
metiram to crops.  Risks were calculated for certain chronic
adverse effects from chronic dietary exposure to ETU and
metiram.  In addition, oncogenicity and teratology dietary risks
were calculated for ETU.

Chronic Adverse Effects
Dietary exposure to ETU from use of metiram and potential
risks for adverse effects from this exposure were assessed.
Average field trial residues of ETU, obtained from studies
submitted in support of metiram tolerances, were used for this


                                     24

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dietary exposure analysis.   The ETU residues for processed
products were calculated by using the appropriate conversion
factors, calculated from the available data, for each of the
processed commodities since some metiram converts to ETU
during the processing of the raw agricultural commodities.
These residues were then reduced by the percent of crop
treated with metiram obtained from actual usage data
except a percent crop treated value of 10 was used for all
commodities where the estimated percent crop treated was less
than 10.  The results of this analysis indicate that the
average consumer in the U.S. population receives a direct
dietary exposure to ETU from metiram use of 0.00008 mg/kg/day.

The PADI for ETU was derived from the 2-year chronic feeding
study in Charles River rats with an LEL of 0.25 mg/kg/day.
An uncertainty factor of 3,000 was applied.  This resulted
in a PADI of 0.00008 mg/kg/day.  The effect on which the
PADI is based was hyperplasia of the thyroid; a NOEL for
this effect was not established for this study.

The dietary exposure to ETU of 0.00008 mg/kg/day occupies
98 per cent of the PADI.

Secondly, dietary exposure to metiram and potential risks
for adverse effects were assessed.  The residues used in the
analysis were the average field trial residues of metiram,
obtained from data submitted in support of established
tolerances, considering the percent of crop treated.  Based on
these average residues, the average consumption estimate for
the U.S. population is calculated as 0.0004 mg/kg/day metiram.

The PADI for metiram was derived from a three generation rat
reproduction study with a LEL (NOEL has not been established)
of 0.25 mg/kg/day and a safety factor of 1000 for a PADI of
0.0003 mg/kg/day.

The dietary exposure to metiram of 0.0004 mg/kg/day utilizes
128 percent of the PADI.

Oncogenicity Risks

A risk assessment was conducted to determine potential
oncogenic risks from dietary exposure to ETU from use of
metiram. For this assessment, average residues for both ETU
and metiram from field trials were used.  The Agency's
Carcinogen Assessment Group derived risk models based on
various bioassays on ETU.  The most sensitive sex/species end
point was found to be male mouse liver tumors in the Innes
study. The potency, or Qi*, was calculated to be 0.14
(mg/kg/day)~1.

Using the Tolerance Assessment System (TAS), the dietary
exposure analysis indicates that the average consumer in the

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                                                                 TABLE 2
                                                 NONDIETARY  RISK  ASSESSMENT FOR METIRAM
                   mg/kg/day  mg/kg/day  tng/kg/day   METIRAM
                    METIRAM   a/ METIRAM METIRAM    TOTAL
                     DERMAL    ABSORBED  INHALATION   DAILY
                    EXPOSURE   DERMALLY   EXPOSURE   EXPOSURE
                               1                 mg/kg/day
PPLES:
AERIAL
IRBLAST
ITATOES :
AERIAL

LOADER
APPLICATOR
' LOADER
APPLICATOR
COMBINE

LOADER
APPLICATOR
FLAGGER
tOUNDBOOM LOADER
APPLICATOR
COMBINE

0
0
0
2
3

1
0
0
0
0
0

.2300
.0081
.9400
.2000
.1400

.9000
.0380
.0210
.2200
.2900
.5100

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0

.0138
.0005
.0564
.1320
.1884

.1140
.0023
.0013
.0132
.0174
.0306

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0

.0035
.0003
.0140
.0033
.0170

.0290
.0012
.0120
.0034
.0053
.0087

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0

.0173
.0008
.0704
.1353
.2054

.1430
.0035
.0133
.0166
.0227
.0393
)ME OWNER

 ROSES    COMBINE
                                                mg/kg/day  mg/kg/day mg/kg/day mg/kg/day     ETU
                                                b/ METIRAM    ETU      C/ ETU   ETU  FROM    TOTAL
                                               METABOLIZED   DERMAL   ABSORBED INHALATION   DAILY
                                                  TO ETU    EXPOSURE  DERMALLY  EXPOSURE   EXPOSURE
                                                                                         mg/kg/day
0.0035
0.0002
0.0141
0.0271
0.0411
0.0002
0.0140
0.0009
\ 0.1300
0.1309
0.0001
0.0042
0.0003
0.0390
0.0393
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0000
0.0001
0.0035
0.0044
0.0144
0.0661
0.0804
0.0286
0.0007
0.0027
0.0033
0.0045
0.0079
0.0019
0.0023
0.0130
0.0002
0.0170
0.0172
0.0006
0.0007
0.0039
0.0001
0.0051
0.0052
0.0009
0.0000
0.0009
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0300
0.0014
0.0074
0.0034
0.0096
0.0130
0.0053
0.0003
0.0000
0.0003
0.0001
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
f  6%  DERMAL ABSORPTION FOR METIRAM
t  20% METABOLIC CONVERSION OF METIRAM TO ETU
f  30% DERMAL ABSORPTION FOR ETU
   ro
   ON

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                           NONDIETARY RISK  ASSESSMENT FOR METIRAM
 METIRAM     ETU              ETU    ETU  TOTAL
  TOTAL     TOTAL    DAYS    TOTAL     YEARLY
  DAILY     DAILY   EXPOSED  YEARLY    DIRECT
 EXPOSURE  EXPOSURE         EXPOSURE  EXPOSURE
rog/kg/day mg/kg/day          rag/kg     mg/kg
VPPLES:
AERIAL
URBLAST
DTATOES :
AERIAL

LOADER
APPLICATOR
-' LOADER
APPLICATOR
COMBINE

LOADER
APPLICATOR
FLAGGER
ROUNDBOOM LOADER
APPLICATOR
COMBINE
OMEOWNER
ROSES
/ RISK

COMBINE

0.0173
0.0008
0.0704
0.1353
0.2054

0.1430
0.0035
0.0133
0.0166
0.0227
0.0393

0.0003
- YEARLY EXPOSURE/365

0.0035
0.0044
0.0144
0.0661
0.080.4

0.0300
0.0014
0.0074
0.0034
0.0096
0.0130

0.0001
X 430/70
1
1
7
7
7
4
4
4
7
7
7
0.0035
0.0044
0.1009
0.4626
0.5631
0.1201
0.0055
0.0296
0.0237
0.0675
0.0911
0.0001
0.0042
0.0024
0.2731
0.2755
0.0057
0.0028
0.0190
0.0004
0.0357
0.0361
                  METIRAM   SYSTEMIC
                   TOTAL    THYROID     MOS
                   YEARLY   SEASONAL   TERATO
                  EXPOSURE METIR.  MOS   ETU
                   mg/kg   2.5 mg/kg 5 rag/kg
                        10
0.0007
0.0001
                                                  0.0173
                                                  0.0008

                                                  0.4928
                                                  0.9471
                                                  1.4378
                                                  0.5720
                                                  0.0139
                                                  0.0530

                                                  0.1162
                                                  0.1589
                                                  0.2751
0.0032
                               13006
                              286260

                                 457
                                 238
                                 156
                                 393
                               16164
                                4242

                                1936
                                1416
                                 818
70755
                                1420
                                1148

                                 347
                                  76
                                  62
                                 167
                                3608
                                 675

                                1479
                                 519
                                 384
68306
                                      SYSTEMIC
                                      THYROID
                                      SEASONAL
                                      ETU MOS
                                     .25 mg/kg
                              375000
                                5357

                                9454
                                  82
                                  82
                                      a/ ONCO
                                        RISK
                                        ETU
                           1.93E-07
                           2.39E-07

                           5.53E-06
                           2.53E-05
                           3.09E-05
                                3961  6.58E-06
                                8152  3.04E-07
                                1184  1.62E-06

                               53571  1.30E-06
                                 630  3.70E-06
                                 623  4.99E-06
234375  4.01E-08

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U.S. population receives a dietary exposure of 0.00008
mg/kg body weight/day ETU from conversion of metiram on
crops.  This analysis was based on average field residues
for ETU considering the percent crop treated with metiram.
The potential dietary risk is calculated by multiplying
exposure by the Q]_*:

               Dietary Risk = Exposure x Q]_*
                            = 0.00008  x 0.14
                            = 1.1 x 10~5

In addition, there is dietary exposure from conversion of
metiram to ETU in vivo after eating food containing metiram
residues.  Metabolism studies in rats show that approximately
20 percent of metiram is metabolically converted to ETU.   In
order*to determine the dietary exposure to ETU from conversion
of metiram residues in this way, the metiram dietary exposure
of 0.0004 mg/kg/day is multiplied by 20 percent to yield
an exposure of 7.7 x  10~5 mg/kg/day ETU.  Multiplying this
by the Q-.* of 0.14 (mg/kg/day)"1 yields a risk of 1.1 x
10-5.

The total potential dietary risk from exposure to ETU from
use of metiram on food crops is obtained by adding 1.1 x 10~5
and 1.1 x 10~5.

              Total Dietary Oncogenic Risk = 2.2 x 10~5

Ter_atogenicity Risks

Because ETU has been  shown to be a teratogen in studies with
rats and hamsters, an exposure and risk assessment was conducted
for this effect.  In  rats, ETU produces a wide variety of
anomalies in the central nervous, urogenital, and skeletal
systems as well as other organs at dosages that do not produce
maternal or fetotoxicity.  The NOEL for these effects is 5
mg/kg/day.

Metiram and ETU crop  residues were derived from studies
submitted by the registrant.  The analysis was conducted
assuming that ETU was present uniformly in the food commodities
at the maximum.residue observed in field tests conducted closest
to the maximum application rate, the minimum PHI, and the
typical number of applications.  The percent of crop treated
was not considered because this is a single exposure rather than
a lifetime exposure.

The acute dietary exposure for ETU is compared to a NOEL for
teratological effects of 5 mg/kg.  The population subgroup
of interest is females of child-bearing age.  The Margin of
Safety (MOS) for acute exposure is calculated as the ratio
of the NOEL to the estimated exposure.  The estimate
of the average MOS for females of child-bearing age is:
                                    28

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          MOS =  (5mg/kg) /  (0.001141 mg/kg) = 4300

Based on the TAS, only two percent of theTfemales are estimated
to be exposed to ETU levels exceeding 0.007 mg/kg, corresponding
to an MOS of less than 700.  The exposure distribution indicates
that no member of the subgroup is expected to have an MOS of
less than 300.

                  C. OTHER SCIENCE FINDINGS

Environmental Fate.  Available data are insufficient to fully
assess the environmental fate of metiram.  Presently, only
the hydrolysis, and photodegradation in soil and in water
data requirements on both metiram and ETU are fully satisfied.
The ETU studies were submitted in response to the Mancozeb
Registration Standard and reviewed for metiram.  Some
aerobic(and anaerobic soil metabolism, leaching and field
dissipation data are also available on metiram but the data
requirements for registration remain unsatisfied since additional
dissipation and leaching data on ETU are required.

Metiram has a very limited solubility in water.  Metiram, in
water solution, degrades primarily to ETU (85%) and other
transient degradates.  ETU is also a soil degradate of metiram
and its formation in soil is enhanced by sunlight.  ETU is
stable in water at pH 5-9 and under sunlight and the degradation
of ETU on soil is not enhanced by sunlight radiation.  ETU is
the degradate of major environmental concern.

Hydrolysis - An acceptable study demonstrated that the hydrolysis
of metiram results in formation of ETU as a major degradate
(over 85% after 40 days at pH 5,  7, and 9).   ETU is quite
stable to hydrolysis at pH 5 and 7 and undergoes a slow
decomposition at pH 9 to polar degradates.   Ethyleneurea
(EU),  hydantoin and uncharacterized polar degradates are
also present in small quantities.  An acceptable ETU 'hydrolysis
study indicated that no detectable degradation of ETU occurred
at pH 5,  7, and 9 in 30 days.   Therefore, no breakdown of
ETU due to hydrolysis is expected in the environment.

Photodegradation in Soil & Water - An acceptable water photo-
degradation study showed that breakdown of metiram in water
occurred primarily by hydrolysis and not by photodegradation.
ETU was formed as a major degradate at 71% after 5 days at a
somewhat faster rate than observed in hydrolysis studies.
Ethyleneurea (EU) and uncharacterized polar degradates were
also present in small quantities.  Photodegradation does not
appear to be a significant mode of degradation in water for
metiram or ETU.  In a separate ETU study, no significant
degradation of ETU occurred at pH 7 water solution during
                                     29

-------
the 30 days study period and thus no breakdown of ETU due to
photodegradation is expected in the environment in absence
the of photosensitizers.

An acceptable metiram photodegradation study on soil showed
that product formation under exposure to xenon lamp radiation
was generally controlled by soil metabolism and not by photo-
degradation.  ETU was slightly more significant in irradiated
samples and the level of ETU was maintained fairly consistent
at 3.3% during the exposure period.  ETU appeared quite stable
under xenon lamp irradiation.  Hydantoin, carbamid and EU
(ethylene urea) that were also formed via soil metabolism,
underwent degradation under sunlight with half-lives of less
than a month.  An acceptable ETU study demonstrated that the
degradation pattern and rates of ETU on soil were almost
identical on both exposed and non-exposed ETU fortified soil
samples.  Therefore, photodegradation is not expected to
affect the environmental fate of ETU.

Ground water - Leaching and field dissipation data are
insufficient to allow a final ground water assessment to be
conducted.  A 30-day aged soil leaching study was conducted,
but it was not determined how much ETU was present in the
aged soil prior to the application of water and whether ETU
was present in the leachate.  The soil column was analyzed
and most of the aged residues were present in the top 10 cm
of the soil column.  Field dissipation studies on two sites
were conducted to a depth of only 12 inches with an analytical
method of limited sensitivity to 10 ppb level.

Although available aerobic and anaerobic soil metabolism data
and two field dissipation studies appear to indicate that ETU
degrades rapidly in soil, it has been reported that ETU has
been detected in ground water in Collier County, Florida.

Because ETU is a suspected leacher and an oncogen, the Agency
is requiring a small-scale retrospective monitoring study to
analyze specifically for metiram and ETU.

Ecological Effects.  Available data are insufficient to
completely evaluate the ecological effects of metiram.
The following conclusions can be made based on available
data:

1.  Toxicity to Birds.  Based on a mallard duck and a bobwhite
    quail study, there is sufficient information available to
    characterize metiram on an subacute dietary basis as
    slightly toxic to birds.  Formulated metiram showed that
    LC50 values for mallard duck and bobwhite quail are both
    greater than 3712 ppm.

2.  Toxicity to Fish, Aquatic Invertebrates, and Estuarine/Marine
    Organisms.  No data were available in this area at the time of
    this review.  Studies have recently been submitted and are
    under review.
                                   30

-------
3.  Effects on Beneficial Insects.  Based on an acute contact
    honeybee toxicity study, there is sufficient information
    to characterize metiram as practically nontoxic to honeybees.

Metiram has been characterized as slightly toxic to two
species of birds tested and practically nontoxic to honeybees.
It is generally unstable in the moist environment and
biological systems, and degrades rather rapidly to ETU in
water.  The maximum Estimated Environmental Concentrations
(EEC's) from runoff of metiram in one acre pond (6-foot
deep) are 9.8 ppb and 42.9 ppb for potato end-use and apple
end-use, respectively.  However, there are no other fish and
wildlife toxicity data and chemical fate information available.
Therefore, a risk assessment of metiram for these kinds of effects,
is deferred due to lack of complete fish and wildlife toxicity
data and environmental fate information.

Reentry Consideration.  Toxicity and exposure criteria are set
forth in 40 CFR f58.   If a chemical meets the specified
criteria, reentry data are required.

Metiram does not meet the acute toxicity criteria,  and there
is no epidemiological evidence that residues of this- pesticide
cause adverse effects on persons entering treated sites.
However, ETU has demonstrated evidence of oncogenicity,
mutagenicity, teratogenicity and thyroid effects.   Therefore,
the chronic toxicity  criteria have been met.   Metiram also
meets the exposure criteria in that it is registered for  use
on crops which may involve substantial exposure to residues
of the pesticide.   Reentry data are required.   An interim
24-hour reentry interval requirement  is imposed until the
required data are submitted and evaluated and a change in
this reentry interval is announced.
                                 31

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                  D. TOLERANCE REASSESSMENT

Tolerances, expressed as zinc ethylene bisdithiocarbamate
equivalents, have been established for residues of metiram in
a variety of raw agricultural commodities and meat byproducts
(40 CFR 180.217 and 180.319).  EPA has evaluated the residue
and toxicology data supporting these tolerances.  The following
were considered during this evaluation:

0 Whether the current tolerances and food additive regulations
  are sufficient to cover the actual residues resulting from
  use (including FIFRA section 24(c) and intrastate uses).

0 Whether group tolerances can be established in accordance
  with 40 CFR 180.34(f).

0 Whether, in the absence of tolerances, restrictions on use,
  grazing, or feeding of treated commodities are necessary.

0 Whether the tolerances are expressed accurately and in
  current terminology.

The regulatory results of the Agency's review are set out  in
Section IV.A., Regulatory Positions and Rationales.

Residue Data.  The residue data reviewed in support of these
tolerances include the following:

1.  Data on the nature of the residues in both plants and
    livestock, including identification of major metabolites
    and degradates of metiram.  The metabolism is not completely
    understood.  Metabolites identified thus far include
    ethylenethiourea  (ETU), ethyleneurea (EU) and hydantoin  (HT),
    ethylenediamine (EDA), 3-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)-2-
    imidazolidinethione, glycine and oxalic acid.  Additional
    data are required.

2.  Analytical methodology for determining the levels of
    residues of metiram in plants and animals.  Present
    colorimetric CS2  evolution methods are adequate for
    collection of data pertaining to residues of metiram
    in or on plant and animal commodities.  However, none
    of the colorimetric methods are specific for metiram and
    are therefore inadequate for enforcement purposes.  Additional
    data are required.

3.  Storage stability data.  Some storage stability data was
    submitted in response to the March 31, 1987 Data Call  In
    Notice.  These data have been screened and are being reviewed.
    The Agency concludes that it is prudent to require storage
    stability data be conducted concurrently with  residue

-------
    analysis for each laboratory conducting residue studies,
    and for each crop for which studies are required in this
    Standard.  Additional storage stability data are required.

4.  Data on the magnitude and levels of residues of metiram
    in individual raw agricultural commodities, animal products
    and processed food and feed items.  Data are inadequate
    to support tolerances.  Data show that ETU concentrates
    on processing.  Additional residue date are required.

Toxicology Data.  The toxicology data are insufficient to
determine an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) or whether the
toxicity observed in the studies is due to metiram or ETU.

There are no acceptable chronic studies on which to calculate
an ADI, therefore, a three generation rat reproduction study
has been used to calculate a Provisional ADI (PADI).  Because
a NOEL was not established in this study, an uncertainty
factor of 1000 was employed.  The PADI for metiram is 0.0003
mg/kg/day.

The theoretical maximum residue contribution (TMRC>, based on
the assumption that 100 percent of each crop is treated and
contain residues at the tolerance level, is 0.009 mg/kg/day
or approximately 3000 percent of the PADI.  Based on a more
realistic dietary assessment,  using anticipated residue
contributions and estimated percent crop treated,  the estimated
average consumption for the U.S. population is 0.0004
mg/l
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            IV.   REGULATORY_POSITION_AND_RAT^ONALE

           A•   REGULATORY POSITIONS AND RATIONALES

Based on the review and evaluation of all available data on
metiram, the Agency has made the following determinations.
Where it is the Agency position that label revisions are needed
in order for a product to remain in compliance with FIFRA,
specific language will be set forth in Section D of this
Chapter.

1.  The Agency has initiated a Special Review of metiram
    as part of the EBDC Special Review.  EPA is currently
    evaluating the potential human health risks resulting
    from the food, field and food crop, and terrestrial non-food
    u*ses of metiram and the other EBDC pesticides containing
    the common contaminant, degradation product, and metabolite,
    ETU.

    Rationale: The EBDC's were placed in Special Review in
    1977 based on the presumption that the EBDC's and ETU
    posed potential risks to human health or the environment.
    The Special Review was concluded in 1982 and the EBDC's were
    returned to the registration process.

    In June 1987, the Agency initiated a Special Review of
    the EBDC pesticides because of concern about the oncogenic
    risk to consumers from dietary exposure to ETU from
    foods treated with these pesticides, and the risks of
    teratogenicity and adverse thyroid effects to applicators
    and mixer/loaders from exposure to ETU.  ETU is present
    as part of the residue of the EBDC pesticides or their
    conversion on or in treated agricultural commodities.
    In addition, a portion of the EBDC pesticide residues
    converts into ETU in the body after ingestion of
    commodities with EBDC residues.  The Special Review
    issues are discussed in the Background section of this
    document.

    ETU, a contaminant, degradation product, and metabolite
    of all the EBDC's, is mutagenic, oncogenic and teratogenic,
    and the Agency has classified it as a Group B2 oncogen
    (Probable Human Carcinogen).  See the Agency Assessment
    section of this Standard for a discussion of the classi-
    fication of ETU.
                                   34

-------
2.  At this time the Agency will not restrict the use of
    metiram products to certified applicators.

    Rationale;  Based on available data, metiram products
    have not met or exceeded any criteria specified in
    40 CFR 152.170 which would indicate a need to restrict
    the use of metiram to certified applicators.  However,
    additional data have recently been received and are being
    reviewed.  Once the data are reviewed, the Agency will make
    a determination regarding restricted use for metiram and
    the other EBDC's.

3.  The Agency will not consider establishment of any new
    food use tolerances for metiram.

    Rationale;  The current residue chemistry and toxicology
    data are not sufficient to assess existing and pending
    tolerances.  The toxicology data base is insufficient to
    determine an ADI and also does not allow a decision as
    to whether observed toxicity is due to metiram or ETU.
    Using anticipated residues,  dietary exposure currently
    is 128% of the preliminary ADI.  Moreover, the anticipated
    dietary exposure to ETU from metiram use alone is 98%
    of the preliminary ADI.  Although this percentage may be
    adjusted downward as additional data become available,
    the ETU dietary contribution from other EBDC's has not
    been included.

4.  The Agency will consider the need for establishment of
    tolerances for ETU and any intermediate metabolites
    when data are sufficient to permit such decisions.

    Rationale;  The toxicology data base for metiram is
    insufficient to determine whether observed toxicity is
    due to metiram, ETU, or additional metabolites.

5.  The Agency will not establish any food/feed additive
    regulations pursuant to Section 409 of the Federal Food,
    Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA).

    Rationale;  The Delaney Clause in Section 409 of the
    FFDCA bars the establishment of food additive regulations
    for substances which induce  cancer in man or test animals,
    with certain1 exceptions.  The Agency is currently developing
    a position relative to the Delaney Clause and FIFRA.
    Once this policy has been established, the Agency will
    determine what action is required in relation to pesticides
    which have produced positive oncogenic responses in
    chronic animal studies.

6.  Metiram is currently registered for use on peanut foliage.
    The Agency is requiring a tolerance and supporting data
    for residues on peanut hulls.

-------
    Rationale;  A tolerance has not been established for peanut
    hulls in which residues of metiram could occur.  The
    registrant(s) must propose a tolerance and provide
    supporting data.

7.  Protective clothing labeling for metiram products, as
    stipulated as a result of the 1982 Decision Document,
    should be updated as noted herein in order to remain in
    compliance with FIFRA.

    Rationale.  A major toxicological concern from exposure
    to metiram at this time is the hazard to the human thyroid
    from the degradation product, ETU, an acknowledged goitrogen,
    teratogen, and oncogen.  Additional data are required to
    determine whether metiram also poses a teratogenic risk.
    The Agency believes that risks of teratogenicity and
    thyroid toxicity to commercial applicators can be
    reduced by maintaining the requirement that protective
    clothing be worn while mixing, loading and applying the
    chemical.  The Agency believes that the same is true for
    other agricultural mixers, loaders, and applicators.
    Updated labeling statements are given in Chapter IV. D.

8.  In order to remain in compliance with FIFRA, the importance
    of observing the preharvest intervals must be highlighted
    on labels of residential (homeowner) products.  Language
    is specified Chapter IV. D.

    Rationale.  In the 1982 Decision Document, the Agency
    determined that, as a risk reduction measure to reduce
    human dietary exposure, preharvest intervals must be
    highlighted on residential labels so that home garden
    users will be encouraged to comply with them.  Although
    the risks from dietary exposure to metiram cannot be fully
    assessed at this time, the Agency believes continuation
    of this emphasis as a risk reduction measure is warranted.
    Specific language has been chosen to emphasize to users
    the importance of adherence to the preharvest intervals.

9.  The Agency is requiring reentry data for metiram.  In
    order to remain in compliance with FIFRA, an interim
    24-hour reentry interval requirement must be placed on
    the labels of all metiram end-use products registered for
    agricultural use, until the required data are submitted
    and evaluated and any change in this reentry interval
    is announced.

    Rationale.  Metiram meets both the chronic toxicity and
    exposure criteria specified in 40 CFR 158.140 for reentry
    data.  Until these data are received and evaluated, an
    interim 24-hour reentry interval will serve to reduce
    exposure of field workers to this chemical.

10. The Agency will evaluate the potential of metiram to
    contaminate ground water after it has received and


                                    36

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    evaluated additional required environmental fate data.
    Special ground water monitoring studies are being required.

    Rationale. Metiram was identified as a chemical with the
    potential to contaminate ground water and a Data Call In
    was issued.  Results of the studies received were
    inconclusive, but, they demonstrate that ETU has the
    potential to leach.  Additional data are required to
    fully assess the potential of metiram and ETU from the
    use of metiram to contaminate ground water.

11. The Agency is not specifying endangered species labeling
    at this time.

    Rationale; A risk assessment of metiram is deferred
    until the Agency has reviewed fish and wildlife toxicity
    data which have recently been submitted to the Agency.
    Once the data are reviewed, the Agency may need to consult
    with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.  Endangered
    species labeling may then be necessary in the future
    based on the results of the studies and this consultation.

12. The Agency is requiring analysis of metiram to determine
    whether nitrosamines may be formed.

    Rationale; There is a possibility for the formation of
    nitrosamines during the manufacture of metiram; however, the
    Agency does not have adequate data to determine whether
    nitrosamines may be formed.

13. The Agency has determined that all data will be immediately
    reviewed as they are submitted.

    Rationale;  Because of the general concerns over ETU and
    the EBDC's, the Agency believes it is essential that these
    data be reviewed as they are received.

14. While data gaps are being filled,  currently registered
    manufacturing-use products (MP's)  and end-use products
    (EP's) containing metiram as the sole active ingredient may
    be sold, distributed,  formulated,  and used, subject
    to the terms and conditions specified in this Standard.
    However, new uses will not be registered.  Registrants
    must provide or agree to develop and provide additional
    data,  as specified in the Data Appendices,  in order to
    maintain existing registrations.

    Rationale;  Under FIFRA,  the Agency may elect not to
    cancel or withhold registration even though data are
    missing or are inadequate (see FIFRA section 3(c)(2)(B)
    and 3(c)(7)).  Issuance of this  Standard provides a
    mechanism for identifying data needs.   These data will
    be reviewed and evaluated,  after which the Agency will
    determine if additional regulatory changes are necessary.
    The Agency will not consider registration of any new
    uses while data gaps are being filled and data evaluated,
    based on its concerns  for metiram and ETU as explained
    herein.

                                    37

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                B.  CRITERIA FOR REGISTRATION

To be registered or reregistered under this Standard, products
must contain metiram as the sole active ingredient, bear
specified labeling, and conform to the product composition,
acute toxicity limits,  and use pattern requirements listed
in this section.

               C.  ACCEPTABLE RANGES AND LIMITS

Product Composition Standard - To be registered or reregis-
tered under this Standard, manufacturing-use products (MP's)
must contain metiram as the sole active ingredient.  Each
MP formulation proposed for registration must be fully des-
cribed with an appropriate certification of limits, stating
maximum and minimum amounts of the active ingredient and
inert ingredients which are present in products, as well as
impurities found at greater than 0.1% and any N-nitroso
compounds at greater than 1 ppm.

Acute Toxicity Limits - The Agency will consider registration
of technical grade and manufacturing-use products containing
metiram provided that the product labeling bears appropriate
precautionary statements for the acute toxicity category in
which each product is placed.

Use Patterns - To be registered under this Standard,
manufacturing-use products must be labeled for formulation
into other manufacturing-use products or into end-use products
bearing federally registered uses.  The use Index  (EPA Compendium
of Acceptable Uses) (for availability see page 7) lists all
federally-registered uses of metiram, as well as approved
maximum application rates and frequencies.

                    D.  LABELING

All metiram products must bear appropriate labeling as specified
in 40 CFR 156.10.  Appendix II contains additional  information
on labeling.

In order to remain in compliance with FIFRA, no pesticide
product containing metiram may be released for shipment by the
registrant after' November 1, 1989, unless the product bears
an amended label which complies with the specifications of
this Standard.
                                       3b

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In order to remain in compliance with FIFRA, no pesticide
product containing metiram may be distributed, sold, offered
for sale, held for sale, shipped, delivered for shipment, or
received and (having been so received) delivered or offered
to be delivered by any person after November 1, 1990, unless
the product bears an amended label which complies with the
specifications of this Standard.

In addition to the above, in order to remain in compliance
with FIFRA, the following information must appear on the
labeling:

1.  Ingredient Statement.  The ingredient statement for HP's
    and EP's must list the active ingredient as:

    A mixture of 5.2 parts by weight  (83.9%) of
    ammoniates of [ethylenebis(dithiocarbamato)]-
    zinc with 1 part by weight (16.1%) ethylenebis=
    [dithiocarbamic acid] bimolecular and trimolecular
    cyclic anhydrosulf ides and disulf ides	(%)

    Inert Ingredients	(%)

2.  Use Pattern Statements.   All manufacturing-use products
    must state that they are intended for formulation into
    end-use products only for acceptable use patterns.
    However, no use may be included on the label where the
    registrant fails to agree to comply with the data requirements
    in Table A for that use pattern.

3.  Disposal Statements.  Because metiram has not been
    designated as an acute or toxic hazardous waste under
    the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA),  the
    following is the appropriate pesticide disposal statement
    for metiram products:

        "Wastes resulting from the use of this product
        may be disposed of on site or at an approved
        waste disposal facility."

    The labels of all products must bear the appropriate
    container disposal statement (See Appendix II).

4.  Precautionary Statements

    Manufacturing-Use Products

    "This pesticide is toxic to fish.  Do not discharge
    effluent containing this product  into lakes,  streams,
    ponds,  estuaries, oceans, or public water unless this
    product is specifically identified and addressed in an
                                   39

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NPDES permit.  Do not discharge effluent containing this
product to sewer systems without previously notifying
the sewage treatment plant authority.  For guidance, con-
tact your State Water Board or Regional Office of the EPA."

End-Use Products

a. Agricultural Use Products

"This pesticide is toxic to fish.   Drift and runoff
from treated areas may be hazardous to aquatic organ-
isms in neighboring areas.  Do not apply directly to
water or wetlands (swamps, bogs, marshes, and potholes).
Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment
washwaters."

All Home Use Products

    "PROTECTIVE MEASURES: Always spray with your back to
    the wind.  Wear long-sleeve shirt, long pants, and
    rubber gloves.   Wash gloves thoroughly with soap and
    water before removing.  Change your clothes immediately
    after using this product and launder separately from
    other laundry items before reuse.  Shower immediately
    after use."

Home Use Products with Food Uses

    "Preharvest intervals on this  label are specified so
    that pesticide residues will be at an acceptable
    level when  the crop is harvested."

All Agricultural Products

    "After (sprays have dried or dusts have settled as
    applicable) do not enter or allow entry into treated
    areas or areas where there is  a danger of drift
    until the 24-hour reentry interval has expired unless
    wearing  the personal protective equipment listed on
    the label."

    "Keep all unprotected persons, children, livestock, and
    pets away from treated area or where there is danger of
    drift."

    "Do not  rub eyes or mouth with hands.  See First Aid
    (Practical  Treatment Section)."
                               40

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    " PERS_°_NAL_PROTECT I VE_EQU IPMENT

    HANDLERS (MIXERS, LOADERS, AND APPLICATORS) AND
    EARLY REENTRY WORKERS MUST WEAR THE FOLLOWING PROTECTIVE
    CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT: a long-sleeve shirt and  long
    pants or a coverall; chemical resistant gloves,
    shoes, socks, and goggles or a face shield.  During
    mixing and loading, a chemical resistant apron
    must also be worn.

    During application from a tractor with a completely
    enclosed cab with positive pressure filtration,  or
    aerially with an enclosed cockpit, a long-sleeve
    shirt and long pants may be worn in place of the
    above protective clothing.  Chemical resistant gloves
1    must be available in the cab or cockpit and worn
    while exiting.

    IMPORTANT!   Before removing gloves, wash them with
    soap and water.  Always wash hands, face, and arms
    with soap and water before eating, smoking or drinking.
    Always wash hands and arms with soap and water before
    using the toilet.

    After work  take off all clothes and shoes.  Shower
    using soap  and water.  Wear only clean clothes.   Do
    not use contaminated clothing.   Wash protective
    clothing and protective equipment with soap and water
    after each  use.  Personal clothing worn during use
    must be laundered separately from household articles.
    Clothing and protective equipment drenched with
    metiram must be destroyed according to state and
    local regulations.

    DRENCHED CLOTHING CANNOT BE ADEQUATELY DECONTAMINATED.

    During aerial application, human flaggers are prohibited
    unless in totally enclosed vehicles."

Grazing Statements - As appropriate, the following grazing
statements must appear on EP labels containing metiram:

0 For apples, pecans:

  "Do not graze livestock on treated areas"

0 For corn (sweet):

  "Do not feed  forage to livestock"
                               41

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0  For cotton:

  "Do not graze treated fields or feed gin trash to dairy
   or meat animals"

0  For peanuts:

  "Do not feed  treated forage to dairy or meat animals"

0  For sugar beets:

  "Do not feed  treated tops to dairy or meat animals"

0  For potato (seed  pieces):

  "Do not use  treated seed pieces for food or feed purposes"
   i
0  For asparagus

  "Do not harvest during season of application"
                                  42

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             V.  PRODUCTS SUBJECT TO THIS  STANDARD

      All products containing one or more  of  the  pesticides
 identified in Section II.A.  are subject to certain  requirements
 for data submittal or changes in composition,  labeling or
 packaging of the product.   The applicable requirements depend
 on whether the product is  a  manufacturing or end use product
 and whether the pesticide  is the sole  active ingredient or
 one of multiple active ingredients.

     Products are subject to  this Registration  Standard as
 follows:

 A.  Manufacturing use products containing this pesticide as
 the sole  active ingredient are subject to:

      1.   The restrictions  (if any)  upon use, composition, or
      packaging listed in Section IV, if they pertain to the
      manufacturing use product.

      2.   The data requirements listed  in  Tables  A and B2

      3.   The labeling requirements  specified for manufacturing
      use  products in  Section IV.

      4.   Administrative  requirements (application forms, Confiden-
      tial  statement of Formula,  data compensation provisions)
      associated with  reregistration.
2 Data requirements are listed in  the  three Tables  in
Appendix I of this Registration Standard.  The Guide to
Tables in that Appendix explains how to  read  the  Tables.

  Table A lists generic data requirements applicable to all
products containing the pesticide  subject to  this Registra-
tion Standard.  Table B lists product-specific data applicable
to manufacturing use products.  The data in Tables  A and  B
need not be submitted by an end use producer  who  is eligible
for the generic data exemption for that  active ingredient.

  Table C lists product-specific data  applicable  to end use
products.  The Agency has decided  that,  in most cases,  it
will not require the submittal of  product-specific  data for
end use products at this time.  Therefore most Registration
Standards do not contain a Table C.


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 B.   Manufacturing  use products containing this pesticide
 as  one of  multiple active  ingredients are subject to:

     1.   The  data requirements listed in Table A.

     2.   The  labeling requirements specified for manufacturing
     use products in Section IV.

 C.   End use  products containing this pesticide as the
 sole active  ingredient are subject to:

      1.  The  restrictions  (if any) upon use, composition, or
      packaging  listed in Section IV if they pertain to the
      end use  product.

     (2.  If  eligible for the generic data exemption3, the
      data  requirements listed in Table C.

      3.  If  not eligible for the generic data exemption, the
      data  requirements listed in Table A and the data require-
      ments listed  in Table C.

      4.  The  labeling requirements specified for end use
      products in Section IV.

 D.   End use products containing this pesticide as one of
 multiple active ingredients are subject to:

      1.  If not eligible for the generic data exemption,
      the data requirements listed in Tables A and C.
3 If you purchase from another producer and use as the
source of your active ingredient only EPA-registered products,
you are eligible for the generic data exemption for generic
data concerning that active ingredient (Table A) and product-
specific data for the registered manufacturing use product
you purchase (Table B).

     Two circumstances nullify this exemption:

     1)  If you change sources of active  ingredient to an
unregistered product, formulate your own  active ingredient,
or acquire your active ingredient from a  firm with ownership
in common with yours, you individually lose the exemption
and become subject to the data requirements in Table A.

     2)  If no producer subject to the generic data requirements
in Table A agrees to submit the required  data, all end use
producers lose the exemption, and become  subject  to the  data
requirements in Table A.
                                    44

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      2.   If  eligible  for the generic data exemption, the
      data requirements  listed in Table C.
      3.   The  labeling  requirements specified
      products  in  Section  IV.
for end use
       VI.   REQUIREMENT FOR SUBMISSION OF GENERIC DATA

      This portion of the Registration standard is a notice
 issued under  the authority of FIFRA sec. 3(c)(2)(B).  It
 refers to the data  listed in Table A, which are required to
 be  submitted  by registrants to maintain in effect the regis-
 tration of products containing this active ingredient.4

 A.  What are generic data?
     Generic data pertain to the properties or effects of a
particular active ingredient.  Such data are relevant to an
evaluation of all products containing that active ingredient
regardless of whether the product contains other ingredients
(unless the product bears labeling that would make the data
requirement inapplicable).

     Generic data may also be data on a "typical formulation"
of a product.  "Typical formulation" testing is often required
for ecological effects studies and applies to all products
having that formulation type.  These are classed as generic
data/ and are contained in Table A.

B.  Who must submit generic data?

     All current registrants are responsible for submitting
generic data in response to a data request under FIFRA sec.
3(c)(2)(B) (DCI Notice).  EPA has decided, however, not to
require a registrant who qualifies for the formulator's
exemption (FIFRA sec. 3(c)(2)(D) and § 152.85) to submit
generic data in response to a DCI notice if the registrant
who supplies the active ingredient in his product is complying
with the data request.

     If you are granted a generic data exemption, you rely on
the efforts of other persons to provide the Agency with the
required data.  If the registrants who have committed to
generate and submit the required data fail to take appropriate
steps to meet the requirements or are no longer in compliance
with this data requirements notice, the Agency will consider
4 Registrations granted after  issuance of  this  Standard  will
be conditioned upon submittal  or citation  of  the  data  listed
in this Registration Standard.
                                    45

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that both they and you are not in compliance and will normally
initiate proceedings to suspend the registrations of both
your product(s) and their product(s) unless you commit to submit
and submit the required data in the specified timeframe.   In
such cases, the Agency generally will not grant a time extension
for submitting the data.

     If you are not now eligible for a generic data exemption,
you may qualify for one if you change your source of supply
to a registered source that does not share ownership in
common with your firm,  if you choose to change sources of
supply, the Confidential Statement of Formula must identify
the new source(s) and you must submit a Generic Data Exemption
Statement.
    t
     If you apply for a new registration for products containing
this active ingredient after the issuance of this Registration
Standard, you will be required to submit or cite generic data
relevant to the uses of your product if, at the time the
application is submitted, the data have been submitted to the
Agency by current registrants.  If the required data have not
yet been submitted, any new registration will be conditioned
upon the new registrant's submittal or citation of the
required data not later than the date upon which current
registrants of similar products are required to provide such
data.   See FIFRA sec. 3(c)(7)(A).  If you thereafter fail to
comply with the condition of that registration to provide
data,  the registration may be cancelled (FIFRA sec. 6(e)).

C.  What generic data must be submitted?

     You may determine which generic data you must submit by
consulting Table A.  That table lists the generic data needed
to evaluate current uses of all products containing this
active ingredient, the uses for which such data are required,
and the dates by which the data must be submitted to the
Agency.

D.  How to comply with PCI requirements.

     within 90, days of your receipt of this Registration
Standard, you must submit to EPA a completed copy of  the  form
entitled "FIFRA Section 3(c)(2)(B) Summary Sheet"  (EPA Form
8580-1, enclosed) for each of your products.   On  that  form
you must state which of the following six  methods you  will
use to comply with the DCI requirements:

     1.  You will submit the data yourself.

     2.  YOU have entered into an agreement with  one  or  more
registrants to jointly develop  (or  share  in  the cost  of
developing) the data, but will not  be submitting the data
yourself.  If you use this method,  you  must  state who will


                                    46

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 submit the data  on  which  you  will  rely.  You must also provide
 EPA with documentary  evidence that an agreement has been
 formed which  allows you  to  rely  upon the data to be submitted.
 Such evidence may be:   (1)  your  letter offering to join in
 an agreement  and the  other  registrant's acceptance of your
 offer/ (2)  a  written  statement by  the parties that an agreement
 exists,  or (3) a written  statement by the person who will be
 submitting the data that  you  may rely upon  its submittal.
 The Agency will  also  require  adequate assurance that the
 person whom you  state  will  provide the data is taking appropriate
 steps to secure  it.   The  agreement to produce the data need
 not specify all  of  the terms  of  the final arrangement between
 the parties or a mechanism  to resolve the terms.

      If  you and  other  registrants  together  are generating or
 submitting requested  data as  a task force or consortium, a
 representative of the  group should request  a Joint Data
 Submitter  Number, as  part of  your  90-day response.  The
 request  must  include  the  following information:

      a.  A  list  of  the members of  the consortium;
      b.  The  name and  address of the designated representative
         of the  consortium, with whom EPA will correspond
         concerning the data;
      c.  Identity of  the  Registration Standard containing
         the  data requirement;
      d.  A  list  of  the products  affected (from all members
         of the  consortium);  and
      e.  Identification of  the specific data that the con-
         sortium will  be  generating or submitting.

      The Agency  will assign a number to the consortium, which
 should be  used on all  data  submittals by the consortium.

      3.  You  have attempted to enter into an agreement to
 jointly develop  data,  but no  other registrant has accepted
 your  offer.   You request  that EPA  not suspend your registration
 for  non-compliance with the PCI.   EPA has determined that,
 as  a  general  policy/ it will  not suspend the registration of
 a product when the  registrant has  in good faith sought and
 continues  to  seek to enter  into  a  data development/cost
 sharing program, but the  other registrants  developing the
 data  have  refused to accept its  offer.  [If your offer is
 accepted, you may qualify for option 2 above by entering
 into  an agreement to supply the  data.]

      In order to qualify  for  this  method, you must:

      1.  File with EPA a  completed "Certification of Attempt
 to  Enter into an Agreement  with  other Registrants for Develop-
ment  of Data" (EPA Form 8580-6,  enclosed).
                                     47

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     2.  Provide us with a copy of your  offer  to  the  other
registrant and proof of the other registrant's receipt  of your
offer (such as a certified mail receipt).   Your offer must,
at a minimum, contain the following language or its equivalent:

     [Your company name] offers to share in the burden  of
     producing the data required pursuant  to FIFRA sec.
     3(c)(2)(B) in the [name of active ingredient] Registration
     Standard upon terms to be agreed or failing  agreement  •
     to be bound by binding arbitration  as provided by  FIFRA
     section 3(c)(2)(B)(iii).

The remainder of your offer may not in any way attempt  to
limit this commitment.  If the other registrant to whom your
offer; is made does not accept  your offer,  and if  the  other
registrant informs us on a DCI Summary sheet that he  will
develop and submit the data required under the DCI, then you
may qualify for this option.  In order for you to avoid
suspension under this method,  you may not  later withdraw or
limit your offer to share in the burden of developing the
data.

     In addition, the other registrant must fulfill  its
commitment to develop and submit the data  as required by this
Notice in a timely manner.  If the other registrant  fails  to
develop the data or for some other reason  would be subject  to
suspension, your registration as well as that of  the  other
registrant will normally be subject to initiation of  suspension
proceedings, unless you commit to submit and submit  the required
data in the specified timeframe.  In such  cases,  the  Agency
generally will not grant a time extension for submitting the data.

     4.  You request a waiver of the data requirement.   If
you believe that a data requirement does not  (or  should not)
apply to your product or its uses, you must provide  EPA with
a statement of the reasons why you believe this  is so.   Your
statement must address the specific composition  or use  factors
that lead you to believe that a requirement does not apply.
Since the Agency has carefully considered the composition and
uses of pesticide products  in determining that a data  require-
ment applies, EPA does not anticipate that many  waivers will
be granted.  A request for waiver does not extend the  time-
frames for developing required data,  and  if your waiver
request is denied, your registration  may  be suspended  if you
fail to submit the data.  The Agency  will  respond in writing
to your request for a waiver.

     5.  YOU request that EPA amend your  registration  bv deleting
the uses for which the data are  needed.   You  are not required
to submit data for uses which are  no  longer  on your  label.

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      6.   You  request voluntary cancellation of the registration
 of  your  product(s)  for which the data are needed.
 E.   Regiscrant Requests Regarding Data Requirements and Agency
     Responses

     All  requests for modification of data requirements
 (inapplicability, waiver)/ approval of protocols or protocol
 changes,  or time extensions must be submitted in writing.
 The  original requirement remains in effect unless the Agency
 has  notified you in writing that it has agreed to a change in
 the  requirement.  While being considered by the Agency, such
 requests  for changes in the requirements do not alter the
 original  requirements or extend the time allowed for meeting
 the  requirement.


 F.   Test  Protocols and standards

     All studies required under this Notice must be conducted
 in accordance with test standards outlined in the Pesticide
 Assessment Guidelines, unless other protocol or standards are
 approved  for use by the Agency in writing.  All testing must
 be conducted in accordance with applicable Good Laboratory
 Practices regulations in 40 CFR Part 160.

     The Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, which are referenced
 in the Data Tables, are available from the National Technical
 Information Service (NTIS), Attn: Order Desk, 5285 Port Royal
 Road, Springfield, VA  22161 (tel: 703-487-4650).

     Protocols approved by the Organization for Economic
 Cooperation and Development (OECD) are also acceptable if
 the  OECD-recommended test standards conform to those specified
 in the Pesticide Data Requirements regulation (Part 158.70).
 please note, however, that certain OECD standards  (such as
 test duration, selection of test species, and degradate
 identification which are environmental fate requirements) are
 less restrictive than those in the EPA Assessment Guidelines
 listed above.   When using the OECD protocols, they should be
 be modified as appropriate so that the data generated by the
 study will satisfy the requirements of Part 158.  Normally,
 the  Agency will not extend deadlines for complying with data
 requirements when the studies were not conducted in accord
with acceptable standards.  The OECD protocols are available
 from OECD, 1750 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C.
20006.
                                      49

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G.  Procedures for requesting a change in test protocol.

     If you will generate the required data and plan to use
test procedures which deviate from EPA's Pesticide Assessment
Guidelines or the Reports of Expert Groups to the Chemicals
Group, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD) Chemicals Testing Programme, you must submit for EPA
approval the protocols you propose to use.

     You should submit your protocols before beginning testing,
because the Agency will not ordinarily accept as sufficient
studies using unapproved protocols.  A request for protocol
approval will not extend the timeframe for submittal of the
data, nor will extensions generally be given to conduct
studies due to submittal of inappropriate protocols.  The
Agency will respond in writing to your request for protocol
approval or change.

H.  Procedures for requesting extensions of time.

     If you think that you will need more time to generate
the data than is allowed by EPA's schedule, you may submit a
request for an extension of time.

     EPA will view failure to request an extension before
the data submittal response deadline as a waiver of any
future claim that there was insufficient time to submit the
data.  While EPA considers your request, you must strive to
meet the deadline for submitting the data.

     The extension request should state the reasons why you
believe that an extension is necessary and the steps you
have taken to meet the testing deadline.  Time extensions
normally will not be granted due to problems with laboratory
capacity or adequacy of funding, since the Agency believes
that with proper planning these can be overcome.  The Agency
will respond in writing to any requests for extension of time.


I.  Data Format and Reporting Requirements

    All data submitted in response to  this Notice must comply
with EPA requirements regarding the reporting of  data,
including the manner of reporting, the completeness of  results,
and the adequacy of any required supporting  (or  raw)  data,
including, but not limited to, requirements  referenced  or
included in this Notice or contained  in PR Notice  86-5  (issued
July 29, 1986).  All studies must  be  submitted  in the form of
a  final report; a preliminary report  will  not  be considered
to fulfill the submittal requirement.
                                     50

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 j.   Existing stocks provision upon suspension or cancellation.

      The  Agency has determined that if a registration is
 suspended for  failure to respond to a DCI request under
 FIFRA sec.  3(c)(2)(B), an existing stocks provision for the
 registrant  is  not consistent with the Act.  Accordingly, the
 Agency does not anticipate granting permission to sell or
 distribute  existing stocks of suspended product except in
 rare  circumstances.  If you believe that your product will be
 suspended or cancelled and that an existing stocks provision
 should be granted, you have the burden of clearly demonstrating
 to EPA that granting such permission would be consistent with
 the Act.  The  following information must be included in any
 request for an existing stocks provision:

      1.   Explanation of why an existing stocks provision is
      necessary, including a statement of the quantity of
      existing  stocks and your estimate of the time required
      for  their sale or distribution; and

      2.   Demonstration that such a provision would be consis-
      tent with the provisions of FIFRA.


   VII. REQUIREMENT FOR SUBMISSION OF PRODUCT-SPECIFIC DATA

      Under  its DCI authority, EPA has determined that certain
 product-specific data are required to maintain your registrations
 in effect.  Product-specific data are derived from testing
 using a specific formulated product, and, unlike generic
 data, generally support only the registration of that product.
 All such  data  must be submitted by the dates specified in
 this  Registration Standard.

      If you have a manufacturing use product, these data are
 listed in Table B.  If you have an end use product, the data
 are listed  in Table C.  As noted earlier, the Agency has
 decided that it will not routinely require product-specific
 data  for  end use products at this time.  Therefore, Table  C
 may not be contained in this Registration Standard; if there
 is no Table C, you are not required to submit the data at
 this  time.

      In order  to comply with the product specific data  require-
 ments, you must follow the same procedures as for generic  data.
 See Section VI.D through J.  You should note, however,  that
 product chemistry data are required for every product,  and the
only  acceptable responses are options VI.D.I. (submit  data)
 or VI.D.6.(cancellation of registration).

      Failure to comply with the product-specific  data  require-
ments for your products will result in suspension  of  the
product's registration.


                                    r, 1

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    VIII.  REQUIREMENT FOR SUBMITTAL OF REVISED LABELING

     FIFRA requires each product to be labeled with accurate,
complete and sufficient instructions and precautions, reflecting
the Agency's assessment of the data supporting the product
and its uses.  General labeling requirements are set out in
40 CFR 156.10 (see Appendix II - LABELING and SUMMARY).  In
addition, labeling language specific to products containing
this pesticide is specified in Section IV.D of this Registra-
tion Standard.  Responses to this Registration Standard must
include draft labeling for Agency review.

     Labeling must be either typewritten text on 8-1/2 x 11
inch paper or a mockup of the labeling suitable for storage
in 8-1/2 x 11 files.  Draft labeling must indicate the intended
colors of the final label, clear indication of the front
panel of the label, and the intended type sizes of the text.
       t
     If you fail to submit revised labeling as required,
which complies with 40 CFR 156.10 and the specific instructions
in Section IV.D., EPA may seek to cancel the registration of
your product under FIFRA sec. 6.


               IX.  INSTRUCTIONS FOR SUBMITTAL

     All submittals in response to this Registration Standard
must be sent to the following address:

     Office of Pesticide Programs
     OPP Mailroom (TS-767C)
     Environmental Protection Agency
     401 M St.,  SW
     Washington, D.C.  20460

     Attn:  Metiram Registration Standard

     All submittals in response to this Registration Standard
are non-fee items, including 90-day responses, protocols and
waiver requests, data, and revised labeling.  Submittals must
be clearly identified as being in response to the Registration
Standard.  Under no circumstances may Registration Standard
responses be combined with other types of filings for which
fees are required.

A.  Manufacturing Use Products (MUPs) containing the subject
    pesticide as sole active ingredient.

    1.  Within 90 days from receipt of this document, you
must submit for each product subject to this Registration
Standard:
                                      52

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         a.   Generic  Data  Exemption Statement (EPA Form 8580-3),
     if applicable, or  the "FIFRA Section 3(c)(2)(B) Summary
     Sheet"  (EPA  Form 8580-1), with appropriate attachments.

         b.   Confidential  Statement of Formula (EPA Form 8570-4).

         c.   Evidence of compliance with data compensation
     requirements  of  FIFRA sec.  3(c)(l)(D).  Refer to 40 CFR
     152.80-152.99.

     2.   Within 9  months from  receipt of this document you
 must  submit:

         a.   Application for Pesticide Registration (EPA
     F(orm 8570-1).

         b.   Two copies of any required product-specific data
     (See Table B).

         c.   Three copies  of draft labeling, including the
    container label  and any associated supplemental labeling.

         d.   Product  Specific  Data Report (EPA Form 8580-4).

      3.   Within the  times set forth in Table A, you must
 submit  all generic data,  unless you are eligible for the
 generic  data exemption.   If for any reason any test is delayed
 or aborted so that the schedule cannot be met, immediately
 notify  the Agency of the  problem, the reasons for the problem,
 and your  proposed course  of action.

 B.  Manufacturing Use  Products  containing the subject pesticide
    in combination with other active ingredients.

    1.   Within 90 days from receipt of this document, you
 must  submit:

         a.  Generic  Data  Exemption Statement (EPA Form 8580-3),
    if applicable, or  the FIFRA sec. 3(c)(2)(B) Summary
    Sheet, with appropriate attachments (EPA Form 8580-1).

         b.  Confidential  Statement of Formula (EPA Form 8570-4)

    2.  Within 9 months of receipt of this document, you must
 submit:

        Three copies of draft labeling, including the container
    label and any associated  supplemental labeling.

    3.  Within the time frames  set forth in Table A, you must
submit all generic data,  unless you are eligible  for the
generic data exemption.   If for any reason any test  is delayed
or aborted so that the schedule cannot be met, immediately


                                    53

-------
 notify the Agency  of  the problem, the reasons for the problem,
 and your  proposed  course of action.


 C-   End Use Products  containing the subject pesticide as sole
     active ingredient.

     1-  Within  90  days from receipt of this document, you
 must  submit:

        a.   Generic data exemption Statement (EPA Form 8580-3),
     if applicable, or the FIFRA Section 3(c)(2)(B) Summary
     Sheet,  with appropriate attachments (EPA Form 8580-1).

        b.   Confidential Statement of Formula (EPA Form 8570-4).
      \
     2.  Within  9 months from receipt of this document you
 must  submit:

        a.   Two copies of any product-specific data, if required
    by Table C.

        b.   Product Specific Data Report (EPA Form 8580-4),
    if Table C  lists  required product-specific data.

        c.   Three  copies of draft labeling, including the
    container label and any associated supplemental labeling.

    3.  Within  the times set forth in Table A, you must
 submit all  generic data, unless you are eligible for the
 generic data exemption.  If for any reason any test is delayed
 or aborted  so that the schedule cannot be met, immediately
 notify the  Agency of  the problem, the reasons for the problem,
 and your proposed course of action.


 D.  End use Products containing the subject active ingredient
    as one  of multiple active ingredients

    1.  within 90 days from receipt of this document, you
must submit:

        a.  Generic data exemption Statement (EPA Form 8580-3),
    if applicable, or the FIFRA Section 3(c)(2)(B) Summary
    Sheet,  with appropriate attachments (EPA Form 8580-1).

        b.  Confidential Statement of Formula (EPA Form  8570-4).

    2.  Within 9 months from the receipt of this document,  you
must submit:

    Three copies of draft labeling, including the container
    label  and any associated supplemental  labeling.
                                   54

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    3.  within the times set forth in Table A, you must
submit all generic data, unless you are eligible for the
generic data exemption.  If for any reason any test is delayed
or aborted so that the schedule cannot be met, immediately
notify the Agency of the problem, the reasons for the problem,
and your proposed course of action.


E.  Intrastate Products

    Applications for full Federal registration of intrastate
products were required to be submitted no later than July 31,
1988.   Unless an application for registration was submitted
by that date, no product may be released for shipment by the
producer after July 31, 1988.

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APPENDIX I

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-------
                            TGUIDE-1

                        GUIDE TO TABLES
          a
      Tables A and B contain listings of  data  requirements
 for the pesticides covered by this Registration  Standard.

      Table A contains generic data requirements  that  apply to
      the pesticide in all products,  including data  requirements
      for which a "typical formulation" is  the test  substance.

      Table B contains product-specific data requirements  that
      apply only to a manufacturing use product.


      The data tables are generally organized  according  to the
 following format:

 \.   Data Requirement (Column 1).   The data requirements are
 listed in the order in which they appear in 40 CFR  Part 158.
 The reference numbers accompanying each  test  refer  to the
 test protocols set out in the Pesticide  Assessment  Guidelines,
 which are available from the National Technical  Information  •
 Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA  22161.

 2.   Teat Substance (Column 2).  This column lists the composition
 of  the test substance required to be used for the test, as
 follows:

      TGAI = Technical grade of the active ingredient
      PAI =  Pure active ingredient
      PAIRA 3 Pure  active ingredient, radio labeled
      TEP =  Typical end use formulation
      MP =   Manufacturing use product
      EP =   End use product

 Any other test substances,  such as metabolites,  'will  be
 specifically named in Column 2 or in footnotes to the table.

 3.   Use pattern (Column 3).  This column indicates  the  use
 patterns to which  the data requirement applies.   Us«  patterns
 are the same as  those given in 40 CFR Part 158.   The  following
 letter  designations are used for the given use patterns:

     A  » Terrestrial,  food
     B  » Terrestrial,  non-food
     C  * Aquatic,  food
     D  * Aquatic,  non-food.
     E  » Greenhouse,  food
     F  » Greenhouse,  non-food                   v ^
     G  » Forestry
     H  » Domestic  outdoor
     I  » Indoor

Any other  designations will be defined in a  footnote to  the table
                                    57

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                           .TGUIDE-2

 4.  Does EPA have  data?  (Column 4).  This column indicates one
 of three answers:

      YES - EPA has data  in its files that satisfy this data
      requirement.  These data may be cited by other registrants
      in accordance with data compensation requirements of
      Part 152, Subpart E.

      PARTIALLY - EPA has some data in its files, but such data
      do not  fully  satisfy the data requirement.   In some cases,
      the Agency may possess data on one of two required species,
      or may  possess data on one test substance but not all.
      The term may  also indicate that the data available to
      EPA are incomplete.  In this case, when the data are
      clarified, or additional details of the testing submitted
      by the  original data submitter, the data may be determined
      to be acceptable.  If this is the case, a footnote to
      the table will usually say so.

      NO - EPA either possesses no data which are sufficient
      to fulfill the data requirement, or the data which EPA
      does possess are flawed scientifically in a manner that
      cannot  be remedied by clarification or additional inforr
      mation.

5.  Bibliographic citation (Column 5).  If the Agency has
acceptable data in its files, this column lists the identifying
number  of each study.  This normally is the Master Record
Identification (MRID) number, but may be a GS number  if no
MRID  number has been assigned.  Refer to the Bibliography
Appendices for.a complete citation of the study.

6.  Must additional data be submitted?  (Column  6).  This
column  indicates whether the data must  be submitted to  the
Agency.   If  column 3 indicates that the Agency  already has
data, this column will usually indicate NO.  If. column  3
indicates  that the Agency has only partial -data or no data,
this  column will usually indicate YES.  In  some cases,  even
though  the Agency does not have the data, EPA will not  require
its submission because of the unique characteristics  of  the
chemical;  because data on another chemical  can  be  used  to
fulfill  the data requirement; or because  the data  requirement
has been waived or reserved.  Any such  unusual  situations
will  be  explained  in a footnote to  the  table.

7.  Timeframe  for submission  (Column  7).   If  column 5 requires
that  data be  submitted, this column indicates when the data
are to be  submitted, based on the  issuance  date of the Regis-
tration  Standard.  The timeframes  are  those established either
as a  result of a previous Data Call-in letter,  >or.standardized
timeframes established by PR Notice 85-5  (August 22,  1985).

8.  Footnotes  (at  the end of each  table).  Self-explanatory.
                                   58

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                                                        TABLE A
              GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR TECHNICAL GADE OF THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT METIRAM
Data Requirement
Part 158
Subpart C - Product Chemistry

Product Identity and Composition;

61-2   Description of Beginning Mater-       TGAI
       ials and Manufacturing
       Process

61-3 - Discussion of Formation of            TGAI
       Impurities

Analysis and Certification of
Product Ingredients

62-1 - Preliminary Analysis of Product
       Samples                               TGAI

Physical and Chemical Characterises
                                           Must Additional   Time  Frame
               Does EPA    Bibliographic   Data be              for4
Conposition1   Have Data?    Citation	be Submitted?     Submission
                                                             Yes
                                                             Yes
                                                         Partially
                               40507102
                               40507102
                               40507102
No
NO
                                                                                               2/
Yes
63-2
63-3
63-4
63-5
63-6
- Color
- Physical
- Odor
- Melting
- Boiling

State

Point
Point
TGAI
TGAI
TGAI
TGAI
TGAI
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
N/A
00149526
00149526
00149526
00149526
N/A
No
No
No
NO
No"
                                                                                              I/
4/88"
                                                                   5/6/

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                                                         TABLE  A
                                        GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS  FOR  METIRAM
Data Requirement
Does EPA Bibliographic
Compositionl Have Data? Citation
Must Additional Time Frame
Data be for4
be Submitted? Submission
Part 158
Subpart C - Product Chemistry (Continued)
Physical and Chemical Characteristics
(Continued)
63-7
63-8
63-9
63-10
63-11
63-12
63-13
Other
64-1
- Density, Bulk Density, or
Specific Gravity
- Solubility
- Vapor Pressure
- Dissociation Constant
- Octanol/Water Partition
Coefficient
- pH
- Stability
Requirements:
- Submittal of samples
TGAI Yes 00149526
TGAI or PAI Yes 40507102
40507101
TGAI or PAI Yes 00149526
TGAI or PAI Yes 40507102
PAI Yes 00157997
TGAI Yes 00149526
TGAI Yes 00149526
N/A N/A
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
I/  TGAI = technical grade of the active  ingredient.  PAI = purified active ingredient

2/  Five or more representative samples of  the unregistered 89% T must be analyzed for the amount of active
~   ingredient using a method capable of  differentiating metiram from interfering CS2-liberating impurities.
    If the  CSo-liberation and metiram specific methods yield different results, the CS2~liberating impurities must
    be quantified.  Also, complete  validation data  (accuracy and precision) must be submitted for each analytical
    method used in generating previously  submitted preliminary analysis data for impurities in the 89% technical.

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       V  Data are not  required  because the  technical product is a solid at room temperature.

       4/  These  data have previously been requested in the Comprehensive Data Call In Notice issued April 1987.  The time
          frame  for submission of data is the same as required in the April 1987 Data Call In Notice.

       5/  Data recently submitted and are being reviewed.

       6/  All nitrosamines must be identified and quantified in six samples; two samples of each must be analyzed shortly
          after  production, 3 months after production and 6 months after production.  A method sensitive to 1 ppm of
          N-nitroso contaminants must be used.
O\

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                                                      TABLE A
                                       GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR METIRAM
Test Does EPA
Data Requirement Substance1 Have Data?
S158.240 Residue Chemistry
171-3 - Directions for Use —
171-4 - Nature of Residue
(Metabolism)

- Plants PAIRA Partially


- Livestock PAIRA and Partially
Plant metabolites

171-4 - Residue Analytical TGAI and Partially
°N Method Metabolites
ro



Bibliographic Must Additional
Citation2 Data be
Submitted?



00088894
00160790

00088894
00160534

00063821
00098677
00098689
00157033
00160784
00160786

147
Yes
V
00160789 Yes

V
00157034 Yes
00161338
6/7/
00098644 Yes
00098685
00157032
00160639
00160785
00161939
Time Frame
for
Submissions



10/88


10/88


15 Months





                                                                                            8/9/
171-4 - Storage Stability
TEP or PAI, &
Metabolites
No
                                                                                         Yes
10/88

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                                                        TABLE A
                                         GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR METIRAM
  Data Requirement
   Test
Substance^
Does EPA         Bibliographic   Must Additional     Time Frame
Have Data?       Citation2       Data be                for 3
                                 Submitted?          Submission
S158.240 Residue Chemistry (continued)

171-4 - Magnitude of the Residue-
         Residue Studies for Each
         Food Use 10/

      - Crop Group #1 - Root and Tuber Veqetables

        o Crop 1 - Potatoes

          — Crop field trials    TEP

          — Processed Food/Feed  EP
                     No

                     No
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
 IV
5
 127
10/88

4/89
        0 Crop 2 - Sugar Beet Roots

          — Crop field trials    TEP

          — Process Food/Feed    EP

        Crop Group #2 - Leafy Veqetables

        0 Crop 1 - Celery

          — Crop field Trials    TEP
                     No

                     No
                     No
                                      Yes
                                                                 W

                                      Yes
                                                             16/
                                      Yes
             10/88

             4/89
             10/88

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                                                        TABLE A
                                         GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR METIRAM
  Data Requirement
                                     Test
                                .  Substance*
Does EPA
Have Data?
Bibliographic   Must Additional     Time Frame
Citation2       Data be    .            for-*
                Submitted?          Submission
S158.240 Residue Chemistry (continued)

171-4 - Magnitude of the Residue-
         Residue Studies for Each
         Food Use
       - Crop Group #3 - Fruiting Vegetables

         o Crop 1 - Tomatoes

          — Crop field trials    TEP

          — Processed Food/Feed  EP

       - Crop Group #4 - Cucurbits Vegetables

         o Crop 1 - Cucumbers

          — Crop field trials    TEP

         o Crop 2 - Melons

          — Crop field trials    TEP

       - Crop Group #5 - Pome Fruits

         o Crop 1 - Apples

          — Crop field trials    TEP

          — Processed Food/Feed  EP
ON
                                                      NO

                                                      NO
                                                      NO
                                                      No
                                                      No

                                                      NO
17/
Yes
Yes
10/88

4/89
                                                                                              19/
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
                                                                                              207
                                      Yes

                                      Yes
                        217 22_7

                         237
                                       10/88
                                       10/88
10/88

4/89

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                                                        TABLE A
                                         GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR METIRAM
  Data Requirement
                                      Test
                                   Substance*
Does EPA         Bibliographic   Must Additional     Time Frame
Have Data?       Citation2       Data be                for3
                                 Submitted?          Submission
S158.240 Residue Chemistry (continued)

171-4 - Magnitude of the Residue-
         Residue Studies for Each
         Food Use

      - Crop Group #6 - Tree Nuts Group

        o Crop 1 - Pecans

          — Crop field trials    TEP                   No
      - Crop Group #7 - Cereal Grains

        o Crop 1 - Corn, fresh

          — Crop field trials    TEP                   No

      - Crop Group #8 - Miscellaneous Commodities

        o Crop 1 - Asparagus

          — Crop field trials   - TEP                   No

        o Crop 2 - Peanuts

          — Crop field trials    TEP                   No

         ' — Processed Food/Feed  EP                    No
C\
cn
                                                                                             24/
                                                                                          Yes
                                                                                             25/
                                                                                          Yes
                                                                                             267
                                                                                          Yes
                                                                                             27_/28/29/
                                                                                          Yes
                                                                                             30/
                                                                                          Yes
                                                        10/88
                                                        10/88
                                                        10/88




                                                        10/88

                                                        4/89

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                                                          TABLE A
                                           GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR METIRAM
                                       Test             Does EPA         Bibliographic   Must Additional     Time Frame
    Data Requirement                Substance1          Have Data?       Citation2       Data be                for3
  	Submitted?  	Submission

  S158.240 Residue Chemistry (continued)

  171-4 - Magnitude of the Residue-
           Residue Studies for Each
           Food Use

          o Crop 3 - Tobacco
                                                                                              31/32/
            — Crop field trials    TEP                    No                              Yes              10/88
                                                                                              IV
            — Processed Food/Feed  EP                     No                              Yes              4/89
                                                                                                   34/
   171-4 - Magnitude of the Residue TGAI or Plant          No                              Reserved
           in Meat/Milk/Poultry/Eggs   Metabolites
   I/  Test Substance:  TGAI = Technical grade of the active ingredient; PAIRA = Pure active ingredient,
       radiolabeled;  TEP = Typical end-use product; PAI = Pure active ingredient.

   2/  The references cited here include only those MRIDs that contain data considered partially useful for
       fulfillment of data requirements for plant and animal metabolism and residue analytical methods.

   3/  Data must be submitted according to due dates estabished in the previous Data Call In Notices.   When
^     numbers of months are provided, these are new data requirements which must be fulfilled in the number
crs     of months specified from the registrant's receipt of this document.

   4/  Data must be submitted depicting the uptake, distribution, and metabolism of [14C]metiram in root and tuber
   ~   and pome fruit crops following a foliar application.  Sampling intervals through at least 21 days must be
       included.  The identities and quantities of residues in or on mature plant parts must be determined in order
       to elucidate the terminal residues.  Residue identities must be confirmed by a method such as GC, HPLC, and/or
       mass spectrometry.  Data reflecting solvent extraction efficiency of metiram residues must be represented.
       Representative samples from these tests must also be analyzed by enforcement methods to ascertain that these
       methods are capable of determining all metabolites of concern.

   5/  Metabolism studies utilizing ruminants and poultry in which animals must be dosed for a minimum of three days
   ~   with [l^cjmetiram at a level sufficient to make residue identification and quantification possible must be
       submitted.  Milk and eggs must be collected twice a day during the dosing period.   Animals must be sacrificed
       24 hours after the final dose.  The distribution and characterization of residues must be determined in

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                                                         TABLE A
                                          GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR METIRAM
 S158.240 Residue Chemistry (continued)

      milk,  eggs, liver,  kidney,  muscle,  and fat.   Data reflecting solvent extraction^ efficiency of  metiram residues
      must also be represented.   Note:  Representative samples from the above-described tests must also be analyzed
      by current enforcement methods to ascertain the validity of these methods.

 6/  A confirmatory enforcement  method must be developed and validated that is capable of differentiating
      between EBDC fungicides as  well as  other  contaminants that degrade to CS2.   Also, residues of
      ethylenethiourea (ETU), metiram per se and any other residues of concern discovered in the required plant
      metabolism studies  in or on crop samples  must be subjected to analysis by multiresidue method  protocols  I -
      IV,  available from  NTIS under  order No. PB203734/AS.  If it is determined that tolerances must be
      established for residues of metiram in animal commodities, these data will also be required for
      representative animal commodities.

 7/  All  residue data required in this Standard must be accompanied by a complete description of all analytical
      methods used in data collection along with complete method validation data (accuracy,  precision,  sensitivity)
      for  each residue in/on each commodity.

 8/  The  Agency has considered possible  validation of earlier submitted data,  but has concluded that
      validation of existing crop residue,  processing, and animal commodity samples would not be acceptable due to the
      highly variable and in many instances unknown conditions (e.g.,  ambient and freezer temperatures,  sample
      handling,  preparation and extraction  parameters prior to analyses)  which may have existed at the
      laboratories generating the residue data  which were evaluated.   In view of the lack of information on the
      storage conditions  in the earlier studies and the importance of storage stability studies which accurately
      reflect storage conditions  of  the samples of  the treated crop,  processed food,  and animal products,  the
      Agency has concluded that frozen storage  stability data on metiram and ETU must be generated
      concurrently with the required crop residue,  processing, and animal commodity studies  on these chemicals.
j     Thus,  the  Agency considers  all previously submitted field residue data,  processing studies,  and animal feeding
      studies as invalid.   Footnotes 11-33  specifically detail all field residue and processing data
      for  metiram.   Data  requirements for feeding studies will be determined on receipt of the required  animal metabolism
      data.

 9/ To support crop residue data,  storage stability studies must be conducted on both weathered samples  (metiram) and
      fortified  frozen samples (metiram,  metabolites and ETU)  of one  representative crop from each crop  grouping (40 CFR
      180.34)  on which registered uses of metiram exist.   Analyses of  each crop must be conducted over a time  period that
      includes the time interval  that the raw agricultural commodity  is held in frozen  storage prior to  the crop residue
      analysis.   To support residue  data  on processed commodities,  fortified storage stability data  are  required for all
     processing studies  submitted to the Agency.   Analyses must be conducted over a time period that includes the frozen
     storage of the raw  agricultural commodity prior to processing and each processed  commodity prior to the.residue
      analyses.   Protocols for these studies must be submitted to and approved by the Agency prior to initiating the
      studies.

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                                                         TABLE A
                                          GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR METIRAM
 S158.240 Residue Chemistry (continued)

      (a)  Storage stability data using weathered samples.  Data are required on the-parent compound, metiram, in which
      crop samples field treated with a typical end use product are frozen immediately upon harvesting.  The integrity
      of the samples must be maintained by freezing.  The samples must be analyzed for metiram on the day they arrive
      at the analytical laboratory, and then stored frozen and analyzed periodically for metiram during the time
      intervals specified in the Agency approved protocol.

      (b)  Storage stability data using fortified samples.  Data are required on metiram, ETU, and metabolites in
      which a group of untreated samples of raw agricultural commodities and processed crops are fortified (spiked)
      with only metiram (pure active ingredient), another group of samples is fortified with only ETU, and other groups
      are fortified individually with each additional metabolite.  Immediately after fortification, the samples fortified
      with metiram must be analyzed for metiram and ETU; samples fortified with ETU must be analyzed for only ETU;
      and samples fortified with other metabolites must be analyzed for only the metabolite with which the sample was
      fortified.   Sample integrity must be maintained by freezing, and analyses for metiram, ETU, and metabolites
      must be conducted periodically during the time intervals specified in the Agency approved protocol.

      (c)  Storage stability data for livestock/poultry feeding studies.  If cattle and poultry feeding studies are
      required (see footnote 34), fortified storage stability studies will be required on all animal commodities
      (i.e., tissues, milk and eggs) for which residue data are submitted to the Agency.   Analyses must be conducted
      over a time period that includes the time interval that each commodity is held in frozen storage prior to
      residue analyses.
x>
  1Q/ For this Registration Standard, to ensure proper sequencing, the Registrant should complete and submit all plant
      metabolism data to the Agency for review prior to initiation of residue field trials and processing studies.

  ll/ Data must be submitted depicting residues of metiram, ETU,  and other residues of concern in or on potatoes
      harvested immediately after the last of several foliar applications made at 5-day intervals with a WP formulation
      at 1.6 lb ai/A.  Tests must be conducted in ID(24%), WA(16%) or OR(6%), ME(6%),  ND(6%),  WI(6%), and 00(5%)  which
      together produced 69% of U.S.-grown potatoes in 1984 (preliminary figures,  Agricultural  Statistics,  USDA,  1985).
      The Registrant must propose a maximum number of applications per season or  a maximum seasonal application  rate
      consistent with the data submitted.

  12/ Data depicting metiram,  ETU, and other residues of concern  in chips, granules, and wet and dried potato peel
      processed from potatoes bearing measurable weathered residues must be submitted.   If residue concentration
      occurs, appropriate food/feed additive tolerances must be proposed.

  13/ Data depicting metiram,  ETU, and other residues of concern  in or on sugar beets  following multiple foliar
      applications (using ground and aerial equipment)  of a WP formulation at 2.4 lb ai/A,  in  5rlQ gaX/^WUSt -,
      be submitted.  Applications must begin at the time of normal disease onset  an3 continue  at 7-W internals.
            must be conducted in CA(23%), ID(15%), MI(10%), and MN(20%) or ND(10%)  to  adequately represent ca.  80%

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                                                          TABLE A
                                           GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR METIRAM

  S158.240 Residue Chemistry (continued)

   14/ The registrant must propose a maximum number of seasonal applications or a maximum seasonal rate and a PHI
       Required tests must reflect this maximum rate and proposed PHI.

   15/ Data depicting metiram,  ETU, and other residues of concern in dehydrated pulp, molasses, and refined sugar
       processed from sugar beets bearing measurable weathered residues must be submitted.   If concentration of
       residues occurs,  the registrant must propose appropriate food/feed additive tolerances.

   16/ Data reflecting metiram, ETU, and other residues of concern in or on unstripped,  untrimmed and unwashed celery
       harvested 14 days following the last of multiple foliar applications, at 3-day intervals, of the 80% WP formulation
       must be submitted.   Applications must begin when plants are set  in the field.   Separate tests must be performed
       using ground and  aerial  equipment.   The registrant must propose  a maximum number  of  applications per season
       or  a maximum seasonal use rate;  test data must reflect this proposed maximum rate.   Tests must be conducted  in
       CA  which produces 69% of the total  U.S.  celery crop (Agricultural Statistics,  1985,  p.  154).

   IT/ Data depicting metiram,  ETU, and other residues of concern in or on tomatoes harvested  five days after the
       last of multiple  foliar  applications,  at 7-day intervals,  of the 80% WP formulation  at  2.4 Ib ai/A must be
       submitted.  Separate tests must be performed using ground and aerial equipment.  Applications must begin 10
       days after  field-seeded  tomatoes emerge or  soon after  transplanting.  The registrant must propose a maximum
       number  of applications per season or a maximum seasonal use rate;  required studies must reflect the proposed
       maximum rate.   Tests must be conducted in CA(27%)  and  FL(50%), which collectively produce 77% of the U.S.
       tomatoes grown for  fresh market  (Agricultural Statistics,  1985,  p.  172).

v°18/ Data depicting metiram,  ETU, and other residues of concern in wet and dry pomace, tomato juice, puree,  and
       catsup  processed  from tomatoes bearing measurable,  weathered residues must be  submitted.   Should residues
       concentrate in any  of these processed  commodities,  appropriate food/feed additive tolerances  must be
       proposed.

  19/  Data depicting metiram,  ETU, and other residues of concern in or on cucumbers  harvested 5 days following
       the  last of  multiple foliar applications of  the 80% WP formulation  at 1.6 Ib ai/A must  be submitted.
      Treatments must be  applied using ground and  aerial equipment.  The  registrant  must propose a  maximum
       seasonal  use rate or a maximum number  of applications  per  season;  test data must  reflect the  proposed maximum
       rate.   Tests must be conducted in CA(8%), FL(4%),  MI(18%),  NC(14%),  TX(7%),  and WI(10%)  which collectively
      produced 61% of the total  U.S. cucumbers (for  pickles)  in  1984 (Agricultural Statistics,  1985,  p.  157).

  20/ Data  depicting residues  of  metiram,  ETU,  and other  residues of concern in or on cantaloupes harvested 5
      days  following the  last  of  multiple  foliar applications of the 80%  WP formulation at 1.6  Ib ai/A must be
      submitted.   Applications must  be made  using  ground and aerial equipment..!!]!  separate  tests ^0Tha_.tegi.stacant
       must propose a maximum seasonal  use  rate or  a maximum  number oF1 applications £et  beas^fty  test QatSywafet
       reflect the proposed maximum rate.   Tests must be conducted in CA(52%) and TX(21%) which accounted for 73% of
       the 1982 U.S.  cantaloupe acreage (1982 Census of Agriculture, Vol.  1, Part 51, p. 339).

-------
                                                        TABLE A
                                          GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR METIRAM
§158.240 Residue Chemistry  (continued)
 21/ Data must be submitted depicting residues of concern in/on apples harvested 15 "days after the last of several foliar
     applications made at intervals to be specified by the Registrant using a WP formulation as follows: (i)' by ground
     equipment, at 1.6 Ib ai/100 gal to runoff [up to 12.8 Ib ai/A - maximum rate currently specified on label] until
     petal fall followed by cover sprays at 1.2 Ib ai/100 gal to runoff [up to 9.6 Ib ai/A - maximum cover spray rate];
     and (ii) by aerial equipment, at 6.4 Ib ai/A through the first cover spray followed by 4.8 Ib ai/A at the second
     and later cover sprays.  Information regarding tree size and spacing and the number of gal/A applied must be
     provided for each test.  Tests must be conducted in IL, PA, and VA, major apple production states where the
     15-day PHI is permitted (Agricultural Statistics, USDA, 1985).  [In more major production states such as WA, NY,
     MI and CA, the PHI is 30 days.

 22/ The registrant must propose label revisions that limit the number of applications per season (or set a
     maximum seasonal application rate) and specify a minimum interval between applications which must be reflected by
     the submitted data.

 23/ Data must be submitted depicting residues of metiram, ETU, and other residues of concern in wet and dry pomace and
     juice processed from apples bearing measurable weathered residues.   If residues concentrate in juice, an appropriate
    food additive tolerance must be proposed.  Also, an appropriate feed additive tolerance must be proposed for residues
     in dry pomace.

 24/ Data depicting metiram, ETU, and other residues of concern in or on pecans harvested at maturity following
     multiple foliar applications of the 80% WP formulation must be submitted.   The last application must occur at
     shuck split.  Separate tests must be conducted using ground equipment (at 1.6 Ib ai/100 gal), and aerial
     equipment or mist blowers (at 6.4 Ib ai/A).   The registrant must propose a maximum number of applications
     per season or a maximum seasonal use rate.  Required tests must reflect the proposed maximum rate.   Tests
     must be conducted in AZ(13%), GA(47%), and TX(14%), which produce 74% of the total U.S. pecan crop (1982
     Census of Agriculture Vol. 1, Part 51, p. 368).

 25/ Data must be submitted depicting residues in or on sweet corn (kernels plus cob with husks removed) harvested 1
     day after the last of several foliar applications made at intervals to be specified by the Registrant using the 80%
     WP formulation at 3.2 Ib ai/200 gal/A.  The Registrant must propose label  restrictions specifying the minimum
     interval between applications and the maximum permissible number of applications or Ib ai/A/season.  The submitted
     data must reflect these proposed restrictions.  Tests must be conducted in  FL,  the only state in which metiram
     use on sweet corn is permitted.

 26/ Data depicting metiram, ETU, and other residues of concern in or on asparagus harvested from plants
     treated with multiple postharvest foliar applications of the 80% WP formulation at 2.4 Ib ai/A using both

-------
                                                         TABLE A
                                          GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR METIRAM
 S158.240 Residue Chemistry (continued)

      ground and aerial equipment in separate tests must be submitted.  The registrant must propose a maximum
      seasonal rate or number of applications per season which must be reflected by the submitted data.  Also, the
      registrant must propose a label restriction against harvesting during the season of application.  Tests must
      be conducted in CA(36%), MI{20%), and WA(31%), which collectively account for Ca. 90% of U.S. commercial
      asparagus production (1982 Census of Agriculture, Vol. 1, Part 51, p. 335).

  27/ Data depicting metiram, its metabolite ETU, and any additional residues of concern in or on nuts and hulls
      from peanuts treated (using both ground and aerial equipment) with multiple foliar applications of the 80% WP
      at 1.6 Ib ai/A and the 3.5, 5, or 7% D at 1.5 Ib ai/A repeated at 10-day intervals must be submitted.  Tests
      must be conducted in AL(15%), GA(49%), and NC(10%) to adequately represent Ca.  70% of U.S. peanut production
      (Agricultural Statistics, 1985, p. 121).

  28/ The registrant must propose a PHI and a maximum number of applications per season or a maximum seasonal
      rate which must be reflected in the required data.

  29/ Since peanut hulls are a raw agricultural commodity, the registrant must propose a tolerance for
      residues in or on peanut hulls.

  30/ The registrant must submit data depicting concentration of metiram, ETU, and other residues of concern
      during the processing of meal, crude oil, refined oil and soapstock from treated peanuts.   If concentration
      occurs in any of these products during processing, appropriate food/feed additive tolerances must be proposed.
      However, final disposition of these food/feed additive regulations is dependent upon the Agency's position
~^J    regarding Delaney Clause issues.

  31/ Data must be submitted depicting metiram, ETU, and other residues of concern in or on green, freshly
      harvested tobacco receiving the following full-season treatment schedule:  multiple foliar plant bed treatment
      of the 80% WP formulation at 1.6 Ib ai/100 gal (3-6 gal/100 sq yd) and the 3.5% D formulation at 0.14 Ib
      ai/100 sq yd, respectively.   The registrant must propose a maximum seasonal  application rate or a maximum
      number of applications per season.  Required studies must reflect these rates.

  32/ Data depicting metiram, ETU, and other residues of concern in or on green, freshly harvested tobacco
      receiving multiple foliar applications of the 80% WP formulation in the plant bed, and in the field, at 2.4
      Ib ai/A must be submitted.  Tests must be conducted in GA, IN, KY, OH, and SC,  states in which this use
      is permitted under SLN registration


  33/ If residues in freshly harvested green tobacco equal or exceed 0.1 ppm, data depicting residues in or on

-------
                                                        TABLE A
                                         GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR METIRAM
S158.240 Residue Chemistry  (continued)
     dried or cured tobacco will be required.  If residues in or on dried or cured tobacco equal or exceed 0.1

     ppm, pyrolysis products derived from the active ingredient must be characterized and the level of residue in
     smoke must be quantified.  ([l^ClMetiram roust be used for identification of pyrolysis products.

 34/ Presently, the nature  of the residue of metiram in animals is not adequately understood.  On receipt of the
     data required for animal metabolism, the need for, and nature of tolerances for residues of metiram in meat, milk,
     poultry and eggs will  be assessed and, if necessary, feeding studies will be required.  Also see footnot^ 8.

-------
                 TABLE A
GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR METIRAM
Data Requirement
S158.290 Environmental Fate
DEGRADATION STUDIES-LAB:
161-1 - Hydrolysis

Ph ot odeqr adat i on
161-2 - In water

161-3 - On soil

161-4 - In Air
^METABOLISM STUDIES-LAB:
162-1 - Aerobic Soil
162-2 - Anaerobic Soil
162-3 - Anaerobic Aquatic
162-4 - Aerobic Aquatic
Composition1
PAIRA
ETU

PAIRA
ETU
PAIRA
ETU
PAIRA
PAIRA
ETU
PAIRA
ETU
PAIRA
PAIRA
Use
Patterns2
A,B
A,B

A,B
A,B,
A
A
A
A,B
A,B
A
A

Does EPA Have Data
to Satisfy This Bibliographic
Requirement? (Yes, Citation
No or Partially?)
Yes
Yes

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
-
00155189
00161937
40466103

00155190
00161938
40466102
00157031
40466101

00155162
00155288
00155162
00155288

Must Additional Time Frame
Data be for 3
Submitted? Submission
No
No

No
No
No
NO
4/
NO
NO
Yes 7/89
No
Yes 7/89
y
NO
No"

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                                                         TABLE A
                                        GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR METIRAM
Data Requirement Composition1 Use
Patterns^
Does EPA Have Data
to Satisfy This Bibliographic Must Additional
Requirement? (Yes, Citation Data be
No or Partially?) Submitted?
Time Frame
for3
Submission
§158.290 Environmental Fate (continued)
MOBILITY STUDIES:
163-1 - Leaching and
Adsorption/Desorption
163-2 - Volatility (Lab)
163-3 - Volatility (Field)
DEGRADATION STUDIES-FIELD:
164-1 - Soil

164-2 - Aquatic (Sediment)
164-3 - Forestry
164-5 - Soil, Long-term
ACCUMULATION STUDIES:
PAIRA A,B
ETU A,B
ETU A
TEP A
TEP A,B
ETU A,B
TEP
TEP
TEP A,B
ETU A,B

6/
Partially 00155162 Yes
00155288
No Yes~
Z/
No Yes
No Reserved""
Partially 00161935 Yes
No Yes
5/
No
5/
No
9/
No Yes9_/
No Yes
r 1
ll/
4/88
4/88~
12 Months
,
7/89
7/89

50 Months
50 Months

165-1 - Rotational Crops      PAIRA
         (Confined)

165-2 - Rotational Crops       TEP
         (Field)
                                            A
                                            A
No
No
                                                                                               Yes
7/90
                                                                                              Reserved
                                                                                                      10/
165-3 - Irrigated Crops
                               TEP
                                                                                               No

-------
                                                  UAM'A KCUUlKUJXltJNrrb £UK MtM/lKAM
                                                         Does EPA Have Data
  Data Requirement            Composition 1    Use       to Satisfy This       Bibliographic  Must Additional   Time Frame
                                              Patterns2  Requirement?  (Yes,    Citation       Data be              for3
  _ No or  Partially?) _ Submitted? _ Submission
  §158.290 Environmental Fate (continued)

  ACCUMULATION STUDIES (continued)
                                                                                                     i/            127
  165-4 - In Fish               PAIRA         A,B              No                               Yes          4/88
                                 ETU          A,B              Mb                               Yes          12 Months

                                                                                                    v
  165-5 - In Aquatic Nontarget   TEP          -                                                   No
           Organisms

  Special Studies

  Small Scale Retrospective      Metiram      A,B              No                               Yesl3/       Protocols
  Groundwater Monitoring Study   ETU          A,B              No                               Yes          due 120 days
                                                                                                               Report due
                                                                                                               36 months
                                                                                                               after Agency
                                                                                                               acceptance
                                                                                                               of protocol.
                                                                                                               Progress
                                                                                                               reports :
                                                                                                               every 6
"^ _    months _

 I/ Composition:   TGAI = Technical Grade of  the Active Ingredient,  PAIRA = Pure Active Ingredient,
    Radiolabeled, TEP = Typical End-Use Product.

 2/ Use Patterns  are  coded as follows:  A = Terrestrial,  Food Crop;  B = Terrestrial,  Non-Food

 _3/ This data has previously been requested  in the Comprehensive Data Call In Notice issued April 1987.
    The time frame for submission of data is the  same as required  in the April 1987 Data Call In Notice.
    Where number  of months are provided, these are new data requirements which must be fulfilled in the
    number of months specified from the registrant's receipt of this document.

 4/ Metiram has low volatility.  Volatility  data  on ETU is not available.  ETU may volatilize
    but is unlikely to degrade in air since  it does not degrade under sunlight in water and on soil.

-------
 5/ Metiram does not have aquatic or forestry use and is not applied to crops grown/harvested
 ~~  under flooded conditions.

 6/ Data required on  both metiram and ETU.   Emphasis must be placed on ETU.

 7/ Studies needed for ETO.

 8/ Reserved pending results of laboratory volatiltiy data and review of toxicological and
    reentry issues.

 9/ Prospective monitoring studies and field leaching studies addressing ETO and metiram are optional as replacement
 ~~  for the conventional long-term field dissipation study.  This study would trace the movement of ETO through the
    soil profile in soil pore water in the vadose zone and in shallow groundwater.  Interim results of this study
    must be submitted for assessment 6 months after the studies are initiated.  Whether the registrant elects to
    submit the conventional long-term field dissipation study or the prospective study, an adequate study must be
    submitted to the Agency within 50 months from receipt of this Registration Standard.

10/ Reserved pending results of confined rotational crop study.

ll/ Data has recently been submitted and is being reviewed.

12/ A waiver request is currently under review for this requirement.                                       '

13/ A small-scale retrospective ground-water monitoring study is required.   Semi-annual progress reports are due six
    months after receipt of this Registration Standard.  During the three year period, allowed for conducting and
    submission of this study, it is expected that 1 year will be needed to set-up the study, and the remaining 2
    years will be necessary to conduct and complete the study including preparation and submission of the final
    report.

-------
p. 24
                                                           TABLE A
                                          GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR METIRAM
                                                         Does EPA Have Data
 Data Requirement            Composition 1    Use        to Satisfy This      Bibliographic  Must Additional   Time Frame
                                              Patterns^  Requirement? (Yes,   Citation       Data be              for
 -	    '	No or Partially?)	Submitted?	Submission

 S158.440 Spray Drift


 201-1 - Droplet Size Spectrum                A                 No                               Yes          6 Months

 202-1 - Drift Field Evaluation               A                 No                               Yes          6 Months



I/ Composition:  TGAI = Technical Grade of the Active Ingredient, PAIRA = Pure Active INgredient, Radiolabeled, TEP =
   Typical End-Use Product...

2_/ Use Patterns are coded as follows: A = Terrestrial, Food Crop

-------
                                            TABLE A

                                    GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR METIRAM
Data Requirement
§158.340 Toxicology
ACUTE TESTING:
81-1 - Acute Oral - Rat
81-2 - Acute Dermal
81-3 - Acute Inhalation
Composition-'-
TGAI
TGAI
TGAI
Use
Patterns^
All
All
All
Does EPA Have Data
to Satisfy This
Requirement? (Yes,
No or Partially?)
No
No
No
Bibliographic
Citation

Mast Additional
Data be
Submitted?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Time Frame
for 3
Submission
14/
1/88
14/
1/88
14/
1/88
         - Rat

 81-4 - Eye Irritation         TGAI
         - Rabbit

 81-5 - Dermal Irritation      TGAI
         - Rabbit

 81-6 - Dermal Sensitization   TGAI
        - Guinea Pig
 81-7 - Delayed
TGAI
                All
                All
                All
All
                 No
                 No
                 No
No
                                 Yes
                                 Yes
                                 Yes
                                                                                                   4/
No
               l/88~
                                                                                      14/
               l/88~
                                                                                      14/
               1/88
                                                                                      14/
         Neurotoxicity - Hen
Or.'

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                 TABLE A
GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR METIRAM
Data
§158
Requirement Composition-^
Use
Patterns^
Does EPA Have Data
to Satisfy This
Requirement? (Yes,
No or Partially?)
Must Additional
Bibliographic Data be
Citation Submitted?
Time Frame
for3
Submission
.340 Toxicology - Continued
SUBCHRONIC TESTING:
82-1




82-2

82-3

82-4


82-5
- 90-Day Feeding:
- Rodent, and

- Non-rodent (Dog)

- 21-Day Dermal
- Rabbit
- 90-Day Dermal
- Rabbit
- 90-Day Inhalation:
- Rat

- 90-Day Neurotoxicity
-
TGAI

TGAI

TGAI

TGAI

TGAI


TGAI

All

All

All

All

All




Partially

Partially

No

No

Yes


No
5/
000126738 Yes
40290601
000031591 No~
7/
Yes
O /
O/
Reserved

00164083 No
40044701
9/
No
14/
7/88~


14/
4/88







CHRONIC TESTING:
83-1


-J




- Chronic Toxicity:
- Rodent
-Stability of test
substance


- Nonrodent


TGAI
-

ETU

TGAI
ETU

All


All

All
All

Partially


No

No
No
10/
00098449 Yes


Yes
ll/
Yes
Yes

6/90
4 months

6/90

6/90
6/90

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                                                          TABLE A
                                         GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR METIRAM
Data Requirement
Composition-'-
Use
Patterns2
Does EPA Have Data
to Satisfy This
Requirement? (Yes,
No or Partially?)
Bibliographic
Citation
Must Additional
Data be
Submitted?
Time Frame
for3
Submission
§158.340 Toxicology - Continued
83-2 - Oncogenicity:
- Rat
- Mouse
- Histopath &
Stability info.
83-3 - Teratogenicity:
- Rat
- Rabbit
83-4 - Reproduction
CD
O
MUTAGENICITY TESTING
84-2 - Gene Mutation
TGAI
TGAI

TGAI
TGAI
TGAI
ETU

TGAI
84-2 - Chromosomal Aberration TGAI

84-4 - Other Mechanisms of
Mutagenicity

SPECIAL TESTING

TGAI



All
All

All
All
All
All

All
All

All



Partially
Partially

Partially
No
No
No

Partially
Yes

Yes



00098449
00030245

00030565



00148682
00148681
00163786
00148680
00148679
00149528


10/
Yes
12/
Yes

5/
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

137
Yes
No

No



6/90
6/90
4 months
, M/
7/88
14/
7/88
7/90
7/90

9 Months




1

85-1 - General Metabolism  PAI or PAIRA

85-2 - Domestic Animal         Choice
        Safety
All
Yes

No
00155160
No

No

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                                                            TABLE A
                                           GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS EDR METIRAM
                                                        Does EPA Have Data
                                                        to Satisfy This                     Must Additional   Time Frame
                                               Use      Requirement? (Yes,   Bibliographic  Data be              for^
  Data Requirement	Composition^-   Patterns^  No or Partially?)	Citation.	Submitted?	Submission

  §158.340 Toxicology - Continued

  85-2 - Dermal (Percutaneous)    TGAI         All          Yes             00155161            No
          Absorption - Rat        ETU
  I/ Composition: TCAI = Technical Grade Active Ingredient;  PAI = Pure Active Ingredient; PAIRA = Pure Active
     Ingredient, Radiolabelled; Choice = Choice of several test substances determined on a case-by-case basis.

  2/ The use patterns are coded as follows:  A = Terrestrial,  Food Crop; B = Terrestrial, Non-Food; C = Aquatic,
     Food Crop; D = Aquatic, Non-Food; E = Greenhouse, Non-Food; G = Forestry; H = Domestic Outdoor;
     I = Indoor; IP =  Industrial Preservative.

  3/ This data has previously been requested in the Comprehensive Data Call In Notice issued April 1987.  The
     time frame for submission of data is the same as required in the April 1987 Notice.  When number of months
     are provided, these are new data requirements which must be fulfilled in the number of months specified
CO   from the registrnts receipt of this document.

  4/ The chemical does not belong to the organophosphate pesticides, nor is it considered to be a cholinesterase
     inhibitor.

  5_/ The available study may be upgraded to acceptable if the registrant adequately addresses the problem of
     stability of compound as administered.  Otherwise, the study may need to be repeated.

  6/ Since a chronic non-rodent study is required, further subchronic studies in non-rodents will not be  required.

  7_/ 21-day dermal study is required before a decision can be made for the need for a longer term dermal study.

  8/ Contingent upon the results of the worker exposure analysis arcl review of the 21-day dermal toxicity (82-2).

  9_/ A subchronic neurotoxicity study is not required since the acute neurotoxicity study was not required and
     neurotoxicity was not observed in other species.

-------
 §158.340 Toxicology  (Continued)


 1Q/ The rat  study apparently did  not  demonstrate a maximum tolerated dose.  Stability  information on  compound  as
    administered  will be necessary and  if you elect to submit this information it must, be submitted within 4 months
    of  receipt  of this document.   A repeat  study may be necessary if dose  justification and stability information
    cannot be provided.  An adequate  oncogenicity study must be submitted  to the Agency by June 1990.

 ll/ Special  neurological observations must  be added to this study.  The registrant must submit a protocol within 120
    days from receipt of this Registration  Standard, to the Agency for consideration prior to commencing the study.
    [Ref: DeLahunta, A.  (1983) Small  animal neurologic examination and index of diseases of the nervous system.  In
    Veterinary  Neuroanatomy and Clinical Neurology, pp. 365-387.  W.B. Sauders, Philadelphia.]

 12/ The mouse study  apparently did not  demonstrate a maximum tolerated dose.  Histopathology and stability
    information on compound as administered will be necessary.  This information must be submitted to the
    Agency within 120 days from receipt of  this document  if you elect to upgrade the previous study.
    A repeat study may be necessary if  dose justification, stability information and full histopathology information
    cannot be provided.  An adequate  oncogenicity study must be submitted  to the Agency by June 1990.

 13/ Marginal positive (inconclusive)  results must be confirmed or refuted  in a repeat assay (point mutation
    in  CHO cells).

 14/ Studies  have  recently been submitted and are currently being reviewed.


CD
ro

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                                                           TABLE A
                                           GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR METIRAM
Use
Data Requirement Composition1 Pattern2
S158.390 Reentry Protection
132-1 - Foliar Dissipation TEP A,B
132-1 - Soil Dissipation TEP A
133-3 - Dermal Exposure TEP A,B
133-4 - Inhalation Exposure TEP A,B
CO
Osl
Does EPA Have Data
To Satisfy This
Requirement? (Yes, Bibliographic
No or Partially) Citation
No
No
No
No

Must Additional Data
Be Submitted Under
FIFRA §3(c)(2)(B)?
Time Frames for Data
Submission^
4/
Yes 7/89
Yes 7/89
6/
NO
i/
No

I/ TEP = Typical end-use product

2/ The use patterns are coded as follows:  A=Terrestrial Food Crop; B=Terrestrial Non-Food Crop

3/ This data has previously been requested in the Comprehensive Data Call In Notice issued April 1987.  The
   time frame for submission of data is the same as required in the April 1987 Notice.

4/ For each end-use, the registrant is required to propose an acceptable reentry interval based either upon data:
   (a) on dissipation of residues  (decline curve), on human exposure to those residues, and on toxicity of the residues;
   or (b) on determination of that time beyond which there are no detectable dislodgeable or inhalable residues remaining
   in the worker environment.

5/ Soil dissipation data are required only for uses where workers will be exposed directly to substantial quantities of
   soil during their work, e.g. for use on potatoes or peanuts if hand harvesting will be performed.

6/ Human-exposure monitoring data may be submitted, if the registrant wishes to use the "allowable exposure method" of
   determining reentry intervals.  The data submitted are limited to foliar and soil dissipation studies, human
   exposure (and reentry intervals) would be estimated from dislodgeable residues as explained in Subdivision K of the
   Guidelines.   If exposure studies are submitted, both dermal exposure and inhalation exposure must be submitted.

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                                                          TABLE A
                                         GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS  FOR  METIRAM
Data
§158.
Requirement Conposition1
490 Wildlife and Aquatic
Organisms
Use2
Patterns

Does EPA Have Data
to Satisfy This
Requirement? (Yes, Bibliographic
No or Partially?) Citation

Must Additional
Data be
Submitted?

AVIAN AND MAMMALIAN TESTING
71-1
71-2
71-3
71-4
71-5

CO
- Avian Oral LD5Q
- Avian Dietary LC5Q
- Wild Mammal Toxicity
- Avian Reproduction
- Simulated and Actual
Field Testing
- Mammals, and Birds
TGAI
TGAI
TGAI
TGAI


TEP
A,H
A,H
A,H
A,H


A,H
No
Yes 108004,108005
No
No



Yes
No
No
No


No
AQUATIC ORGANISM TESTING
72-1
72-2
- Freshwater Fish LC5Q
- Acute LCsn
TGAI
TGAI
A,H
A,H
No
No
Yes
Yes
Time Frame
Submission
4/
1/88






i/
7/88
i/
7/88
        Freshwater
        Invertebrates

72-3 - Acute LCso Estuarine   TGAI
       and Marine Organisms
No
                                 No

-------
                                                           TABLE  A
                                          GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS  FOR METIRAM
                                                          Does  EPA Have  Data
                                                          to Satisfy This                     Must Additional   Time Frame
                                                 Use      Requirement?  (Yes,    Bibliographic  Data be              for 3
 Data Recfliirement	Composition^	Patterns2   No or Partially?)	Citation	Submitted?	Submission

 S158.490 Wildlife and Aquatic Qr-ganisms -  Continued

 72-4 - Fish Early Life Stage and
         Invertebrate Life-
           Cycle               TGAI            A                 No                              No


 72-5 - Fish  Life-Cycle      TGAI            A                 No                              No

 72-6 - Aquatic Organism      TGAI            A                 No                              No
           Accumulation (Fish)

 72-7 - Simulated or Actual   TEP            A                 No                              No
           Field Testing
           Aquatic Organisms
CO
(Ji	

 I/  Composition:  TGAI = Technical grade of  the active ingredient.

 2/  A = Terrestrial, Food Crop, H = Domestic Outdoor.

 3/  This data has previously been required  in the Comprehensive Data Call  In  Notice of  April  1987.  The
 ~   time frame for submission of  data is the same as required in the April 1987 Notice.

 4/  Studies have recently been submitted and are currently under review.

-------
                                                          TABLE A
                                         GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR METIRAM
Data Requirement
                            Composition1
           Does EPA Have Data
           to Satisfy This
  Use2     Requirement? (Yes,
Patterns   No or Partially?)
               Must Additional    Time Frame
Bibliographic  Data be              for
  Citation     Submitted?        Submission
S158.550 Nontarqet Insect

NONTARGET INSECT TESTING -
POLLINATORS;

141-1 - Honey bee acute
         contact LD50

141-2 - Honey bee - toxicity
         of residues on
         foliage

141-3 - Honey bee subacute
           feeding study

141-4 - Field testing for
         pollinators

NONTARGET INSECT TESTING -
AQUATIC INSECTS;

142-1 - Acute toxicity to
         aquatic insects

142-2 - Aquatic insect
         life cycle study

142-3 - Simulated or actual
         field testing for
         aquatic insects
                              TGAI
                              TEP
                              [Reserved]
                              TEP
                                        4/
                              [Reserved]
                                        i/
                               [Reserved]
                                        6/
                               [Reserved]
                                        6/
                  Yes
                  No
00132710
                                                                                                No
                                                                                                  3/
                                                                                                No
                                                                                                  5/
                  NO
                                                                                                NO

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                                                           TABLE A
                                          GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR METIRAM
 Data Requirement
Composition-1
           Does EPA Have Data
           to Satisfy This
  Use2     Requirement? (Yes,
Patterns   No or Partially?)
               Must Additional   Time Frame
Bibliographic  Data be             for
  Citation     Submitted?       Submission
 S158.550 Nontarqet Insect

 NONTARGET INSECT TESTING -
 POLLINATORS:

 141-1 - Honey bee acute
          contact LD5Q         TGAI

 141-2 - Honey bee - toxicity
          of  residues on
          foliage              TEP

 141-3 - Honey bee subacute
            feeding study      [Reserved]

 141-4 - Field testing  for
          pollinators          TEP
CO
--MONTARGET INSECT TESTING -
 AQUATIC INSECTS:

 142-1 - Acute toxicity to     [Reserved]
          aquatic insects

 142-2 - Aquatic insect
          life cycle study     [Reserved]

 142-3 - Simulated or actual
          field testing for
          aquatic insects      [Reserved]
            I/
            i/
            6/
            6/
                                   Yes
                                   No
                                00132710
                   No
                                                                      3/
                                                   NO
                                   NO
                                                   NO

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                                                           TABLE A
                                          GENERIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR METIRAM
 Data Requirement
Composition].
           Does EPA Have Data
           to Satisfy This
  Use2     Requirement? (Yes,
Patterns   No or Partially?)
Bibliographic
  Citation
Must Additional
Data be
Submitted?
Time Frame
   for
Submission
 S158.550 Ncntarget Insect

 143-1 - NONTARGET INSECT TESTING -
 thru    PREDATORS AND PARASITES         6/
 143-3                         [Reserved]
I/  Composition:  TGAI = Technical grade of the active ingredient; TEP = Typical end-use  product.

2/  Use Patterns are coded as follows: A=Terrestrial, Food Crop

3/  As data from acute contact  test indicate low toxicity, data on residual toxicity are not required.

4/  Requirement  reserved pending development of test methodology.

V  Requirement applied on a  case-by-case basis.  Data reviewed to date do not indicate the need for a  field study;
    if a need arises, registrants will be informed.

6/  Reserved pending Agency decision as to whether the data requirement should be established.
CO
CC

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                                                            TABLE B
                  PRODUCT SPECIFIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR MANUFACTURING-USE PRODUCTS;  METIRAM
    Data Requirement
                                           Must Additional   Time Frame
           I/  Does EPA    Bibliographic   Data be              for
Composition    Have Data?    Citation	be Submitted?	Submission
    Part 158
    Subpart C - Product Chemistry.

    Product Identity and Composition:

    61-1 - Product Identity and Disclosure
           of Ingredients

    61-2 - Description of Beginning
           Materials and Manufacturing
           Process

    61-3 - Discussion of Formation of
           Impurities

    Analysis and Certification of
    MP
    MP
    MP
Yes
Yes
Yes
40507102
40507102
CO
                   No
No
No
Product Ingredients
62-1 - Preliminary Analysis of Product
Samples
62-2 - Certification of Ingredient
Limits
62-3 - Analytical Methods to Verify
Certified Limits
Physical and Chemical Characteristics
63-2 - Color
63-3 - Physical State
MP
MP
MP
MP
MP
Partially 40507102
Partially
Partially 40507102
Yes 00149526
Yes 00149526
2/11/
Yes 12 Months
v
Yes 12 Months
4/
Yes 12 Months
No
NO

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                                          TABLE B




PRODUCT  SPECIFIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR MANUFACTURING-USE PRODUCTS;  METIRAM
Data Requirement
Part 158
Subpart C - Product Chemistry (Continued)
Physical and Chemical Characteristics
(Continued)
63-4 - Odor
63-7 - Density, Bulk Density, or
Specific Gravity
63-12 - pH
63-14 - Oxidizing or Reducing Action
63-15 - Flammability
> 63-16 - Explodability
63-17 - Storage Stability
63-18 - Viscosity
63-19 - Miscibility
63-20 - Corrosion Charasteristics
Other Requirements:
64-1 - Submittal of samples
!/
Composition

MP
MP
MP
MP
MP
MP
MP
MP
MP
MP

N/A
Does EPA
Have Data?

Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
N/A
N/A
No

N/A
Bibliographic
Citation

00149526
00149526
40507102
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A
Must Additional
Data be
be Submitted?

No
No
No
5/6/
Yes
5/7/
Yes
5/8/
Yes
Yes"
9/
No
NO
Yes"

NO
Time Frame
for
Submission



6 Months
6 Months
6 Months
15 Months


15 Months



-------
                                                          TABLE B

                PRODUCT SPECIFIC DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR MANUFACTURING-USE PRODUCTS;  METIRAM


 Part 158
 Subpart C - Product Chemistry    (Continued)


 I/  Composition:   MP = Manufacturing-Use Product.

 2/  Five or more representative samples of the 80% FIs (EPA Reg. Nos.  279-2514 and 7969-71)'must be analyzed
     for the amount of active ingredient and each impurity for which certified limits are required.   The
     active ingredient in these samples must be analyzed for metiram per se using a method capable of differentiating
     metiram from interfering CS2-liberating impurities.   If the CS2-liberation and metiram specific methods yield
     different results, the CS2~liberating impurities must be quantified.  Complete validation data (accuracy
     and precision) must be submitted for each analytical method used.

 3/  Upper and lower limits for the active ingredient based on the analyses of metiram per se using a method
     capable of differentiating metiram from interfering CS2~liberating impurities for the 80% FIs (EPA Reg.
     Nos. 279-2514 and 7969-71) must be submitted.  Also, upper limits for each impurity associated with the
     active ingredient present at X).l% (w/w)  and each "toxicologically significant" impurity associated with
     the active ingredient present at <0.1% (w/w) must provided and certified.  Limits for impurities not
     associated  with the active ingredient need be  provided only if the are considered to be of toxicological
^-j   concern, regardless of the  concentration at  which they are present.  An explanation of how each
_   certified limit was established must be provided (e.g., sample analysis using validated analytical
     procedures, quantitative estimate based on amounts of ingredients used, ets.).

 4/  Analytical methods must be provided for the 80% FIs to determine the active ingredient and each
     impurity for which a certified-limit is required.  The analytical method for the active ingredient must
     be able to differentiate metiram per §j? from interfering CS2-liberating impurities.   For CS2-
     liberating impurities, HPLC methodology may be most appropriate for achieving the required specificity.
     All methods must be accompanied by validation studies indicating accuracy and precision.   These methods
     must be suitable for enforcement  of certified limits.

 5/  As required in 40 CFR 158.120 and more fully described in the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines,  Subdivision
     D, data on oxidizing or reducing action,  flammability,  explodability, storage stability,  and corrosion
     characteristics must be submitted for the 80% FIs (EPA Reg. Nos. 279-2514 and 7969-71).

-------
  6/  Data required if the product contains an oxidizing or reducing agent.

  7/  Data required if the product contains combustible liquids.

  §/  Data required if the product is potentially explosive.

  9/  No data are required because the 80% FI is not a liquid at  room temperature.

  1Q/ Data are not required because the 80% FI is not a liquid at room temperature nor is it to be
      diluted with petroleum solvents.

  ll/ All nitrosamines must be identified and quantified in six samples;  two samples of each must
      be analyzed shortly after production, 3 months after production and 6 months after production.
      A method sensitive to 1 ppm of N-nitroso contaminants must  be used.
ro

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APPENDIX II

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n
                          SUMMARY-1

                        LABEL CONTENTS

     40 CPR 156.10 requires that certain specific labeling
statements appear at certain locations on the label.  This
is  referred to as format labeling.  Specific label items listed
below are keyed to the table at the end of this Appendix.

     Item 1.  PRODUCT NAME - The name, brand or trademark is
required to be located on the front panel, preferably centered
in  the upper part of the panel.  The name of a product will
not be accepted if it is false or misleading.

     Item 2.  COMPANY NAME AND ADDRESS - The name and address
of  the registrant or distributor is required on the label.
The name and address should preferably be located at the
bottom of the front panel or at the end of the label text.

     Item 3.  NET CONTENTS - A net contents statement is
required on all labels or on the container of the pesticide.
The preferred location is the bottom of the front panel
immediately above the company name and address, or at the end
of  the label text.  The net contents must be expressed in the
largest suitable unit, e.g./ "1 pound 10 ounces" rather  than
 26 ounces." In addition to English units, net contents  may
be  expressed in metric units.  [40 CFR 156.10(d)]

     Item 4.  EPA REGISTRATION NUMBER - The registration
number assigned to the pesticide product must appear on  the
label, preceded by the phrase "EPA Registration No.," or "EPA
Reg. No."  The registration number must be set in type of a
size and style similar to other print on that part of the
"label on which it appears and must run parallel to it.   The
registration number and the required identifying phrase  must
not appear in such a manner as to suggest or imply recommendation
or  endorsement of the product by the Agency.
[40 CFR 156.10(e)]

    Item 5.  EPA ESTABLISHMENT NUMBER - The EPA establishment
number, preceded by the phrase "EPA Est." is the final estab-
lishment at which the product was produced, and may appear
in any suitable location on the label or immediate container.
It must also appear on the- wrapper or outside container  of
the package'if the EPA establishment number on the immediate
container cannot be clearly read through such wrapper or container.
[40 CFR 156.10U)]

    Item 6A. INGREDIENTS STATEMENT - An ingredients statement
is  required on the front panel.  The ingredients statement  must
contain the name and percentage by weight of each active ingredient
and the total percentage by weight of all inert ingredients.
The preferred location is immediately below  the product  name.
The ingredients statement must run parallel with, and be clearly
distinguished from, other text on the panel.  It must not be
placed in the body of other text.  [40 CFR  156.10(g)]
                                    94

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                            SUMMARY-2

    Item 6B.  POUNDS PER GALLON STATEMENT - For liquid agricul-
 tural formulations, the pounds per gallon of active ingredient
 must be indicated on the label.

    Item 7.  FRONT LABEL PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS - Front panel
 precautionary statements must be grouped together, preferably
 within a block outline.  The table below shows the minimum type
 size requirements for various size labels.

    Size of Label        Signal Word          "Keep Out of Reach
    on Front Panel       Minimum Type Size       of- Children"
    in Square Inches     All Capitals          Minimum Type Size

    5 and under                6 point        „      6 point
    above 5 to 10             10 point              6 point
    above 10 to 15            12 point              8 point
    above 15 to 30            14 point             10 point
  i  over 30                   18 point             12 point

    Item 7A.  CHILD HAZARD WARNING STATEMENT - The Statement
 "Keep Out of Reach of Children" must be located on the front
 panel above the signal word except where contact with children
 during distribution or use is unlikely.  [40 CFR 156.10(h ) (1) (ii ) 1

    Item 7B.  SIGNAL WORD - The signal word (DANGER, WARNING,
 or CAUTION) is required on the front panel immediately below
 the child hazard warning statement.  [40 CFR 156.10(h) (1)(i ) ]

    Item 7C.  SKULL & CROSSBONES AND WORD "POISON" - On products
 assigned a toxicity Category I on the basis of oral, dermal,
 or inhalation toxicity, the word "Poison" shall appear on the
 label in red on a background of distinctly contrasting color and
 the skull, and crossbones shall appear in immediate proximity to
 the word POISON.   [40 CFR 156.10(h)(1)(i)]

    Item 70.  STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT - A Statement
 of practical treatment (first aid or other) shall appear on
 the label of pesticide products in toxicity Categories I,
 II,  and III.  [40 CFR 156.10(h)(1) (iii ) ]

    Item 7E.  REFERRAL STATEMENT - The statement "See Side
 (or Back) Panel for Additipnal Precautionary Statements" is
 required on the front panel for all products, unless all
 required precautionary statements appear on the front panel.
 [40  CFR 156.10(h)(l)(iii)J

    Item 8.  SIDE/BACK PANEL PRECAUTIONARY LABELING - The
 precautionary statements listed below must appear together
 on the label under the heading "PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS."
The preferred location is at the top of the side or back
 panel preceding the directions for use, and it is preferred
 that these statements be surrounded by a block outline.  Each
 of the three hazard warning statements must be headed by the
 appropriate hazard title.  [40 CFR 156.10(h)(2)].
                                     -95

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                          SUMMARY-3

    Item 8A.  HAZARD TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS - Where a
hazard exists to humans or domestic animals,  precautionary
statements are required indicating the particular hazard,  the
route(s) of exposure and the precautions to be taken to avoid
accident, injury or damage.   [40 CFR 156.10(h)(2 ) (i ) ]

    Item 8B.  ENVIRONMENTAL  HAZARD - Where a hazard exists to
non-target organisms excluding humans and  domestic animals,
precautionary statements are required stating the nature of
the hazard and the appropriate precautions to avoid potential
accident, injury, or damage.  [40 CFR 156.10(h) (2) tii ) ]

    Item 8C.  PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL HAZARD  - FLAMMABILITY
Precautionary statements relating to flammability of a product
are required to appear on the label if it  meets  the criteria
in the PHYS/CHEM Labeling Appendix. The requirement is
based on the results of the  flashpoint determinations and.
flame extension tests required to be submitted for all products.
These statements are to be located in the  side/back panel
precautionary statements section, preceded by the heading
"Physical/Chemical Hazards."  Note that no signal word is
used in conjunction with the flammability  statements.

    Item 9A.  RESTRICTED USE CLASSIFICATION - FIFRA sec. 3(d)
requires that all pesticide  formulations/uses be classified
for either general or restricted use.  Products  classified
for restricted use may be limited to use by certified applicators
or persons under their direct supervision  (or may be subject
to other restrictions that may be imposed  by regulation).

    In the Registration Standard, the Agency has (1) indicated
certain formulations/uses are to be restricted (Section IV
indicates why the product has been classified for restricted
use); or (2) reserved any classification decision until
appropriate data are submitted.

    The Regulatory Position  and Rationale states whether
products containing this active ingredient are classified
for restricted use.  If they are restricted the draft  label(s)
submitted to the Agency as part of your application must
reflect this determination  (see below).

     If you do not believe' that your product should be classified
for restricted use, you must submit any information and
rationale with your application for reregistration.  During
the Agency's review of your  application, your proposed classi-
fication determination will  be evaluated  in accordance with
the provisions of 40 CFR Part 152, Subpart I.  You will be
notified of the Agency's classification decision.
                                       96

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                           SUMMARY-1

       Classification Labeling Requirements

       If your product has been classified for restricted use,
  the  following label requirements apply:

       1.  All uses restricted.

          a.  The statement "Restricted Use  Pesticide" must
      appear at the top of the front panel of the  label.  The
      statement must be set in type of the same  minimum size
      as required for human hazard signal word (see  table in
      CPR
          b.  Directly below this statement  on  the  front panel,
      a summary statement of the terms of .restriction must
      appear (including the reasons  for restriction if specified
      in Section I).   If use Is restricted  to certified applicators,
    t  the following statement is required:   "For  retail sale
      to and use only by Certified Applicators  or persons
      under their direct supervision and only for those uses
      covered by the  Certified Applicator's  Certification."

      2.   Some but not all uses restricted.   If the Regulatory
 Position and Rationale atates that  some uses are classified
 for restricted use,  and some are unclassified, several courses
 of action are available:

           a.   You may label the product for Restricted use.
      If  you do so, you may include  on the  label  uses that
      are unrestricted, . but you may  not distinguish them
      on  the label as being unrestricted.

           b.   You may delete all restricted uses from your
      label  and submit draft labeling bearing only  unrestricted
      uses.

           c.   You oay "split" your  registration, I.e., register
      two separate products with Identical  formulations,  oce
      bearing  only unrestricted uses, and the other bearing
      restricted uses.   To do so, submit two applications  for
      rereglstration,  each containing all forms and necessary
      labels.   Both applications should be  submitted simul-
      taneously.   Note  that the products will be  assigned
      separate  registration numbers.

    Itea  9B.  MISUSE  STATEMENT - All products  must bear  the
misuse statement,  "It  is a violation of Federal  law to use
this  product in  a  manner inconsistent with  ita labeling."
This  statement  appears at the beginning of the directions
for use,  directly  beneath the heading of that  section.
                                           97

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                          SUMMARY-5

    Item 10A.   REENTRY STATE_MENT - If a reentry interval
has been established by the Agency, it must be included on
the label.   Additional worker protection statements may be
required in accordance with PR Notice 83-2, March 29,  1983.

    Item 10B.   STORAGE AND DISPOSAL BLOCK -  All labels are
required to bear storage and disposal statements.  These
statements  are developed for specific containers, sizes,  and
chemical content.   These instructions must be grouped  and
appear under the heading "Storage and Disposal" in the directions
for use.  This heading must be set in the same type' sizes as
required for the child hazard warning.  Refer to Appendix II,
STOR, PEST/DIS, and CONT/DIS to determine the storage  and
disposal instructions appropriate for your products.

    Item IOC.   DIRECTIONS FOR USE - Directions for use must
be stated in terms which can be easily read and understood by
the average person likely to use or to supervise the use of
the pesticide.  When followed, directions must be adequate to
protect the public from fraud and from personal injury and to
prevent unreasonable adverse effects on the environment.
[40 CFR 156.10]
                     COLLATERAL LABELING

    Bulletins, leaflets, circulars, brochures, data sheets,
flyers, or other written or graphic printed matter which is
referred to on the label or which is to accompany the product
are termed collateral labeling.  Such labeling may not bear
claims or representations that differ in substance from those
accepted in connection with registration of the product.  It
should be made part of the response to this notice and submitted
for review.
                                    98

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                  SUMMARY-6
LABELING REQUIREMENTS OF THE FIFRA, AS AMENDED

ITEM
1
2
3
4
5
6A
•>
' 6B
7
7A
- — —
7B


LABEL ELEMENT
Product name
Company name
and address
Net contents
EPA Reg. No.
EPA Est. NO.
Ingredients
statement
Pounds/gallon
statement
Front panel
precautionary
o t- A t~ ^*n**nt* Q
Keep Out of Reach
of Children
(Child hazard
warning) 	
Signal word
	 — — — • 	 • — —
APPLICABILITY
OF REQUIREMENT
All products
All products
All products
All products
All products
All products
Liquid products
where dosage
given as Ihs.
ai/unit area
All products
All products
All products

PLACEMENT
REQUIRED
Front panel
None
None
None
None
Front panel
Front panel
Front panel
Front panel
Front panel

ON LABEL
PREFERRED
Center front
panel
Bottom front
panel or end
of label text
Bottom front
panel or end
of label text
Front panel
Front panel,
immediately
before or
following
Reg. No.
Immediately
following
product name
Directly below
the main
ingredients
statement

Above signal
word
Immediately
below child
hazard
warning


COMMENTS

If registrant is not the producer, must
be qualified by "Packed for . . .,"
"Distributed by. . . £" etc.
May be in metric units in addition to
U.S. units
Must be in similar type size and run
parallel to other type.
May appear on the container instead of
the label.
Text must run parallel with other text
on the panel.

All front panel precautionary statements
must be grouped together, preferably
blocked.
Note type size requirements.
Note type size requirements.


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                                                            SUMMARY-7
ITEM
i/"
fC
7D
7E
8
8A
8B
LABEL ELEMENT
Skull & cross-
bones and word
POISON (in red) .
Statement of
Practical
Treatment or
First Aid
Referral
statement
Side/back panel
precautionary
statements
Hazards to
humans and
domestic
animals
Envi ronmental
hazards 	
APPLICABILITY
OF REQUIREMENT
All products
which are Cat-
egory I based
on oral, der-
mal, or inhala-
tion toxicity
All products
in Categories
I, II, and in
All products
where pre-
cautionary
labeling
appears on
other than
front panel.
All products
All products
in Categories
I, II, and III
All products
PLACEMENT ON LABEL
REQUIRED
Front panel
Category I:
Front panel
unless refer-
ral statement
is used.
Others:
Grouped with
side panel
precautionary
statements.
Front panel
None
None
None
PREFERRED
Both in close
proximity to
signal word
Front panel
for all.

Top or side
of back panel
preceding
directions
for use
Same as above
Same as above
COMMENTS


<.*
Must be grouped under the headings in
8A, 8B, and 8C;^ preferably blocked.
Must be preceded by appropriate signal
word.
Environmental hazards include bee
caution where applicable.
O
O

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                                                            SUMMARY-8
ITEM
8C
9A
9B
10A
10B
IOC
LABEL ELEMENT
Physical or
chemical
hazards
Restricted
block
Misuse
statement
Reentry
statement
Storage and
disposal block
Directions
for use 	
APPLICABILITY
OF REQUIREMENT
All pressurized
products, others
with flash
points under
150°P
All restricted
products
All products
PR Notice 83-2
or as determined
by the Agency
All products
All products
PLACEMENT ON LABEL
REQUIRED
None
Top center
of front
panel
Immediately
following
heading of
direct ibns
for use
In the
directions
for use
In the
directions
for use
None
PREFERRED
Same as above
Preferably
blocked

Immediately
after misuse
statement
Immediately
before
specific
directions
for use or
at the end of
directions
for use
None
COMMENTS
Refer to Appendix II guide
PHYS/CHEM
Includes a statement of the terms of
restriction. The words "RESTRICTED USE
PESTICIDE" must be same type size as
siqnal word.
Required statement is:
"It is a violation of Federal law
to use this product in a manner
inconsistent with its labeling."

Must be set apart and clearly distin-
guishable from from other directions
for use.
Refer to Appendix II guides STOR,
CONT/DIS, and PEST/DIS for further
information and required statements.
May be in metric as well as U.S. units
o

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                           PHYS/CHEM-1

                    PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL HAZARDS "
Criteria

I.  pressurized Containers
    A.
Flashpoint at or below
20°F;' or if there is a
flashback at any valve
opening.
    B,
Flashpoint above 20°F
and not over 80°F;' or
if the flame extension
is more than 18 inches
long at a distance of
6 inches from the
valve opening.

All Other Pressurized
Containers
II.   Non-Pressurized Containers

    A.  Flashpoint at or below
        20°F.
    B.   Flashpoint above 20°F
        and not over 80°F.

    C.   Flashpoint over 80°F
        and not over 150 °F-.

    D.   Flashpoint above
        1508F.
                              Required Label Statement
Extremely flammable.
Contents under pressure.
Keep away from fire,  sparks,
and heated su.rfaces.   Do not
puncture or incinerate
container.  Exposure to
temperatures above 130°F
may cause bursting.

Flammable.  Contents under
pressure.  Keep away from
heat, sparks, and flame.   Do
not puncture or incinerate
container.  Exposure to
temperatures above 130°F
may cause bursting.

Contents under pressure.
Do not use or store near
heat or open flame.   Do not
puncture or incinerate
container.  Exposure to
temperatures above 130°F
may cause bursting.
                              Extremely flammable.  Keep
                              away from fire, sparks, and
                              heated surfaces.

                              Flammable.  Keep away from
                              heat and open flame.

                              Do not use or store near
                              heat and open flame.

                              None required.
                                      102

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                            STOR-1

             STORAGE INSTRUCTIONS FOR PESTICIDES

Heading:

All products are required to bear specific label instructions
about storage and disposal.   Storage and disposal instructions
must be grouped together in the directions for use portion of
the label under the heading STORAGE AND DISPOSAL.  Products
intended solely for domestic use need not include the heading
"STORAGE AND DISPOSAL."

Storage Instructions;

All product labels are required to have appropriate storage
instructions.  Specific storage instructions are not prescribed.
Each registrant must develop his own storage instructions,
considering, when applicable/ the following factors:

1.  Conditions of storage that might alter the composition or
    usefulness of the pesticide.  Examples could be temperature
    extremes, excessive moisture or humidity, heat, sunlight,
    friction, or contaminating substances or media.

2.  Physical requirements of storage which might adversely
    affect the container of the product and its ability to
    continue to function properly.  Requirements might include
    positioning of the container in storage, storage or damage
    due to stacking, penetration of moisture, and ability to
    withstand shock or friction.

3.  Specifications for handling the pesticide container,
    including movement of container within the storage area,
    proper opening and closing procedures (particularly for
    opened containers), and measures to minimize exposure
    while opening or closing container.

4.  Instructions on what to do if the container  is damaged in
    any way, or if the pesticide is leaking or has been
    spilled, and precautions to minimize exposure if damage occurs.

5.  General precautions concerning locked storage, storage in
    original container only, and separation of pesticides
    during storage to prevent cross-contamination of other
    pesticides, fertilizer, food, and feed.

6.  General storage instructions for household products should
    emphasize storage in original container and  placement in
    locked storage areas.
                                      103

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                          CONT/DIS-1

               CONTAINER DISPOSAL INSTRUCTIONS

    The label of each product must bear container disposal
instructions appropriate to the type of container.

    1.  Domestic use products must bear one of the following
container disposal statements:
Container Type
Statement
Non-aerosol products
(bottles, cans, jars)
Non-aerosol products
(baqs)
Aerosol products
Do not reuse container (bottle, can, jar).
Rinse thoroughly before discardinq in trash
Do not reuse bag. Discard -bag in trash.
Replace cap and discard containers in
trash. Do not incinerate or puncture.
    2.  All other products must bear container disposal instruction
based on container type, listed below:
 Container Type
 Statement
Metal
containers
(non-aerosol)
Plastic containers
Glass containers
Fiber drums
with liners
Paper and
plastic bags
Compressed gas
cylinders
Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer
for recycling or reconditioning, or punctur
and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or b
other procedures approved by state and loca
authorities.
Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer
for recycling or reconditioning, or punctur
and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or
incineration, or, if allowed by state and
local authorities, by burning. If burned,
stay out of smoke.
Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then dispose
of in a sanitary landfill or by other
approved state and local procedures.
Completely empty liner by shaking and
tapping sides and bottom to loosen clinging
particles. Empty residue into application
equipment. Then dispose of liner in a
sanitary landfill or by incineration if
allowed by state and local authorities.
If drum is contaminated and cannot be
reused^-, dispose of in the same manner.
Completely empty bag into application
equipment. Then dispose 'of empty bag in
a sanitary landfill or by incineration,
or, if allowed by State and local
authorities, by burning. If burned, stay
out of smoke.
Return empty cylinder for reuse (or
similar wording)
     Manufacturer may  replace  this  phrase  with  one  indicating
     whether and how fiber  drum  may be  reused.

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                                PEST/DIS-1

                     PESTICIDE DISPOSAL INSTRUCTIONS

The label of all products, except those intended solely for domestic
use, must bear explicit instructions about pesticide disposal.   The
statements listed below contain the exact wording that must appear on
the label of these products:

1.  The labels of all products, except domestic use, must contain the
statement, "Do not contaminate water, food, or -feed by storage or disposal."

2.  Except those products intended solely for domestic use, the labels
of all products that contain active ingredients that are Acute Hazardous
Wastes or are assigned to Toxicity Category I on the basis of oral or
dermal toxicity, or Toxicity Category I or II on the basis of acute
inhalation toxicity must bear the following pesticide disposal statement:

    "Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous.  Improper disposal of
    excess pesticide, spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal
   \ Law.  If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to
    label instructions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental
    Control Agency, or the Hazardous Waste representative at the nearest
    EPA Regional Office for guidance."

3.  The labels of all products, except those intended for domestic use,
containing active or inert ingredients that are Toxic Hazardous Wastes
or meet any of the criteria in 40 CFR 261, Subpart C for a hazardous
waste must bear the following pesticide disposal statement:

    "Pesticide wastes are toxic.  Improper disposal of excess pesticide,
    spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal Law.  If these
    wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to label instructions,
    contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control Agency, or the
    Hazardous waste representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office
    for guidance."

4.  Labels for all other products, except those intended for domestic
use, must bear the following pesticide disposal statement:

    "Wastes resulting from the use of this product may be disposed of on
    site or at an approved waste disposal facility."

5.  Products intended for domestic use only must bear the following
disposal statement:  "Securely wrap original container in several layers
of newspaper and discard in trash."
                                               105

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 Chapter 1—Environmental Protection  Agency

 §156.10 Labeling Requirements
    previously cited as §162.10

   (a)  General—(1)  Contents  of  the  label.   Every pesticide
 product shall bear a label containing  the information specified by
 the  Act and t;he regulations in this  Part.  The contents of a
 label must show clearly and prominently  the following:
   (i)  The name, brand, or trademark  under which the product is
 sold as  prescribed in paragraph  (b)  of this section;
   (ii)   The name and address of  the  producer, registrant, or
 person  for whom produced as prescribed in paragraph (c) o£ this
 section;
   (i'ii)   The  net contents as prescribed  in paragraph (d) of this
 section;
   (iv)   The product registration  number  as prescribed in paragraph
 (e)  of  this section;
   (v)  The producing establishment number as  prescribed in para-
 graph (f)  of  this  section;
   (vi)   An ingredient statement as prescribed in paragraph (g) of
 this  section;
   (vii)   Warning or precautionary statements  as prescribed in
 paragraph  (h)  of this section;
   (viii)   The  directions for use  as  prescribed in paragraph (i)
 of this  section; and
   (ix)   The use classification(s) as  prescribed in paragraph  (j)
 of this  section.
   (2)  Prominence  and legibility.  (i)   All words, statements,
 graphic  representations, designs  or  other information required on
 the  labeling by the Act or the regulations in this part must be
 clearly  legible to  a person with  normal  vision, and must be placed
 with  such  conspicuousness (as  compared with other words, state-
 ments, designs,  or  graphic matter on  the labeling) arid expressed
 in such  terms  as to render it  likely  to  be read and understood
 by the ordinary individual under  customary conditions of purchase
 and use.
   (in   All required label text mos«-?
   (A)  Be  set  in 6-point or larger type;
   (B)  Appear  on a  clear contrasting  background; and
   (C)  Not  be-obscured or crowded.
   (3)  Language to  be used.  All  required label or labeling text
 shall appear in the English language.  However, the Agency may
 require or  the applicant may propose  additional text  in other
 languages  as is considered necessary to  protect the public.   When
additional  text in  another language  is necessary, all  labeling
 requirements will be applied equally to  both  the English and
other-language versions of the labeling.
  (4)  Placement of Label—(i)  General.  The label shall  appear
on or be securely attached to  the immediate container  of the
                                       106

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 pesticide product.  For purposes  of  this  Section, and the mis-
 branding provisions of the Act,  "securely attached" shall mean
 that a label can reasonably be  expected to remain affixed during
 the foreseeable conditions and  period  of  use.   If the immediate
 container is enclosed within a  wrapper or outside container
 through which the label cannot  be clearly read,  the label must
 also be securely attached to such outside wrapper or container,
 if it is a part of the package  as customarily distributed or
 sold.
   (ii)   Tank cars and other bulk  containers—(A)  Transportation.
 While a pesticide product is in transit,  the  appropriate
 provisions of 49 CFR Parts 170-189,  concerning  the transportation
 of hazardous materials, and specifically  those  provisions con-
 cerning the labeling, marking and placarding  of  hazardous materials
 and the vehicles carrying them,  define the basic Federal require-
 ments.   In addition,  when any registered  pesticide product  is
 transported in a tank car, tank truck  or  other  mobile or portable
 bulk container,  a copy of the accepted label  must be attached  to
 the shipping papers,  and left with the consignee at the time of
 delivery.
   (B)   Storage.   When pesticide  products  are  stored in bulk
 containers,  whether mobile or stationary, which remain in the
 custody of  the user,  a copy of  the label  of  labeling, including
 all appropriate  directions for  use,  shall be  securely attached to
 the container in the  immediate  vicinity of the  discharge control
 valve.
   (5)   False or  misleading statements. Pursuant to section
 2(q)(l)(A)  of the Act, a pesticide or  a device  declared subject
 to  the  Act  pursuant to $ 162.15,  is  misbranded  if  its labeling is
 false or  misleading in any particular  including both pesticidal
 and  non-pesticidal  claims.  Examples of statements or representations
 in  the  labeling  which constitute  misbranding  include:
   (i)   A  false or misleading statement concerning  the composition
 of  the  product;
   (ii)   A false  or  misleading statement concerning  the effectiveness
 of  the  product as a pesticide or device;
   (iii)   A  false or misleading  statement  about  the  value of the
 pro^uc*-  f^"  purposes  other than as a pesticide  or  device;
   (iv)  A  false  or  misleading comparison  with other pesticides or
 devices;
   (v)   Any  statement  directly or  indirectly implying  that  the
 pesticide or device is recommended or  endorsed  by  any  agency of
 the Federal  Government;
   (vi)  The .name of a pesticide  which  contains  two or more
 principal active ingredients if the name  suggests  one  or more but
 not all such  principal active ingredients even  though  the  names
 of  the other  ingredients are stated elsewhere in the  labeling;
  (vii)  A  true  statement used  in such a  way as to give  a   false
or misleading impression to the purchaser;
  (viii)   Label  disclaimers which negate  or detract from labeling
statements  required under the Act and  these regulations;
                                         107

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   (ix)   Claims as  to  the  safety of the pesticide or its ingredients
 including statements  such as  "safe," "nonpoisonous," "noninjurious,'
 "harmless" or "nontoxic to humans and pets" with or without such
 a qualifying phrase as  "when  used as directed"; and
   (x)   Non-numerical  and/or comparative statements on the safety
 of the  product,  including but not limited to:
   (A)   ''Contains all  natural  ingredients";
   (B)   "Among the  least toxic chemicals known"
   (C)   "Pollution  approved"
   (6)   Final printed  labeling.  (i)  Except as provided in
 paragraph (a)(6)(ii)  of this  section, final printed labeling must
 be  submitted and accepted prior to registration.  However, final
 printed  labeling need not be  submitted until draft label texts
 have been provisionally accepted by the Agency.
   (ii)   Clearly  legible reproductions or photo reductions will be
 accepted  for unusual  labels such as those silk-screened directly
 on^o glass or metal containers or large bag or drum labels.  Such
 reproductions must be of  microfilm reproduction quality.
   (b)  Name,  brand, or trademark.  (1)  The name, brand, or
 trademark under which the pesticide product is sold shall appear
 on  the front  panel of the label.
   (2)  No name, brand, or trademark may appear on the label which:
   (i)  Is false or misleading, or
   (ii)   Has  not been  approved by the Administrator through
 registration  or supplemental  registration as an additional name
 pursuant  to  $ 162.6(b)(4).
   (c)  Name  and address of producer, registrant, or person for
 whom produced.  An unqualified name and address given on  the
 label shall  be considered as  the name and address of the producer.
 If  the registrant's name  appears on the label  and  the registrant
 is not the producer,  or if the name of the person  for whom the
 pesticide was produced appears on the label,  it must be  qualified
 by appropriate wording such as "Packed for ***," "Distributed by
 ***,"  or "Sold by ***" to show that the  name  is not that  of  the
 producer.
   (d)  Net weight or  measure  of contents.   (1)  The net  weight  or
measure of content shall  be exclusive of  wrappers  or other
materials  and  shall be the average content unless  explicitly
 stated as  a minimum quantity.
  (2)  If  the  pesticide is a  liquid, the  net  content statement
 shall be  in  terms of  liquid measure at 68°F  (20°C)  and  shall  be
expressed  in  conventional American units  of  fluid  ounces,  pints,
quarts, and gallons.
  (3)  If  the  pesticide is solid or semisolid, viscous  or
pressurized,  or  is a  mixture  of liquid and  solid,  the  net content
statement  shall be in terras of weight expressed  as avoirdupois
pounds and ounces.
  (4)  In  all  cases,  net  content shall be stated  in terms of  the
largest suitable units, i.e., "1 pound  10 ounces"  rather than
"26 ounces."
                                        108

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   (5)  In addition to the required  units specified, net content
 may be expressed in metric units.
   (6)  Variation above minimum content or around an average is
 permissible only to the extent that it represents deviation
 unavoidable in good manufacturing practice.  Variation below a
 stated minimum is not permitted.  In no case shall the average
 content of the packages in a  shipment fall below the stated
 average content.
   (e)  Product registration number.  The registration number
 assigned  to the pesticide product at the time of registration
 shall appear on the label, preceded by the phrase "EPA Registration
 No.," or  the phrase "EPA Reg.  No."   The registration number shall
 be set in type of a size and  style  similar to other print on that
 part of the label on which it  appears and shall run parallel to
 it.\  The  registration number  and the required identifying phrase
 shall not appear in such a manner as to suggest or imply
 recommendation or endorsement  of the product by the Agency.
   (£)   Producing establishments registration number.  The producing
 establishment  registration number preceded by the phrase "EPA
 Est.",  of the  final establishment at which the product was produced
 may  appear in  any suitable location on the label or immediate
 container.   It must appear on  the wrapper or outside container ofr
 the  package  if the  EPA establishment registration number on the
 immediate container cannot be  clearly read through such wrapper
 or container.
   (g)   Ingredient statement—(1)  General.  The label of each
 pesticide product must bear a  statement which contains the name
 and  percentage by weight of each active ingredient, the tocal  *
 percentage  by  weight of all inert ingredients; and if the pesticide
 contains  arsenic  in any form,  a statement of the percentages of
 total  and water-soluble arsenic calculated as elemental arsenic.
 The  active  ingredients must be designated by the term "active
 ingredients" and  the inert ingredients by the term * inert
 ingredients,"  or  the singular  forms of these terms when appropriate.
 Both terms  shall  be in the same type size, be aligned to  the  same
 margin  and  be  equally prominent.  The statement  "Inert Ingredients,
 none"  is  not required for pesticides which contain  100 percent
 active  ingredients.   (tnio«s« «-.he ingredient statement  is a complete
 analysis  of  the pesticide, the term "analysis"  shall  not  be  used
 as a heading for  the ingredient statement.
   (2)   Position of  ingredient  statement.   (i)   The  ingredient
 statement  is normally required on the front panel  of  the  label.
 If there  is  an outside container or wrapper  through  which the
 ingredient statement cannot be clearly read, the  ingredient
 statement must also appear on  such  outside container  or  wrapper.
 If the  size or form of the package  makes  it  impracticable to place
 the  ingredient statement on the front panel  of  the label, permission
may  be granted for  the ingredient statement  to  appear elsewhere.
   (ii)  The  text  of the ingredient  statement must  run parallel
with other text on  the panel  on which it  appears,  and must be
clearly distinguishable from  and must not  be  placed in  the body
of other  text.
                                     109

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   (3)   Names  to  be used  in ingredient statement.  The name used
 for each ingredient  shall be the accepted common name, if there
 is  one,  followed by  the  chemical name.  The common name may be
 used alone  only  if it  is well known.  If no common name has been
 established,  the chemical name alone shall be used.  In no case
 will the use  of  a  trademark or proprietary name be permitted unless
 such name has been accepted as a common name by the Administrator
 under  the authority  of Section 25(c)(6).
   (4)   Statements of percentages.  The percentages of ingredients
 shall  be stated  in terms of weight-to-weight.  The sum of per-
 centages of the active and the inert ingredients shall be 100.
 Percentages shall not  be expressed by a range of values such as
 "22-25%."   If the uses of the pesticide product are expressed as
 weight of active ingredient per unit area, a statement of the
 weight of active ingredient per unit volume of the pesticide
 formulation shall also appear in the ingredient statement.
  (5)  Accuracy of stated percentages.  The percentages given
 shall  be as precise  as possible reflecting good manufacturing
 practice.   If there may  be unavoidable variation "between manu-
 facturing batches, the value stated for each active  ingredient
 shall  be  the  lowest percentage which may be present.
  (6)  Deterioration.  Pesticides which change  in  chemical
 composition significantly must meet the following  labeling re-
 quirements :
  (i)   In cases where  it is determined that a pesticide  formulation
 changes  chemical composition significantly, the product must bear
 the  following statement  in a prominent position on the label:   "Not
 for  sale or use after  [date]."
  (ii)   The product must meet all label claims  up  to the  expiration
 time indicated on the  label.
  (7)  Inert  ingredients.  The Administrator may  require  the name
 of any  inert  ingredient(s) to be listed in  the  ingredient statement
 if he determines that  such ingredient(s) may pose  a'hazard  to man
 or the environment.
  (h)  Warnings and precautionary statements.   Required  warnings
 and  precautionary statements concerning the general  areas of
 toxicological hazard including hazard to children, environmental
 hazard,  and physical cr  chcxis-1 hazard fall  into two groups;  those
 required on the front  panel of the  labeling and those which may
 appear elsewhere.  Specific requirements concerning  content,
placement, type size,  and prominence  are given  below.
  (1)  Required front  panel statements.  With  the exception of  the
child hazard warning statement,  the  text  required on the front
panel  of the  label is  determined by the Toxicity Category of the
pesticide.  The category is assigned  on the basis of the highest
hazard shown by any  of the indicators  in  the  table below:
                                     no

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1
| Hazard Indicators
I
I
I Oral LO
I 5°
1
I
I Inhafatlon LC
I 50
I
j Dermal LD
50
Eye effects
Skin effacts


1
Up to and
Includ Ing
50 mg/kg
Up to and
Inctud Ing
.2 mg/l Iter
Up to and
Including
200 ng/kg
Corrosive;
cornea! opacity
not reversible
• Ithln 7 days
Corrosive

Toxicity <
1 1
F-om 50 thru
500 mg/kg
From .2 thru
2 mg/l Iter
From 200
thru 2000
Cornea! opacity
reversible
• Ithln 7 days;
Irritation
persisting for
7 days
Seve-e Irritation
at 72 hours

rategor IBS
II 1
F-am 500 thru
5000 mg/Kg
F-om 2 thru
20 mg/flter
From 2,000 thru
20,000
No cornea 1 -opacity;
Irritation
reversible
• Ithln 7 days
Moderate Irritation
at 72 hog-s


IV
Greater than
5000 mg/Vg
Greater than
20 ng/llter
Greater than
20,000
No Irritation
•
Mild or 5! 'ght
Irritation at
72 hours
   (i)  Human hazard signal word.--(A)  Toxicity Category I.  All
pesticide products meeting the criteria of Toxicity Category I
shall bear on  the  front panel the signal word  "Danger."  In
addition if the product was assigned, to Toxicity Category  I on
the basis of its oral/  ir.halati.cr. or dermal  toxicity (as distinct
from skin and eye local effects) the
in red on a background of distinctly
skull and crossbones shall appear in
word "poison."
       dermal toxicity (as
       word "Poison" shall appear
       contrasting color and the
       immediate proximity to the
  (B)  Toxicity Category  II.
criteria of Toxicity Category
the signal word "Warning."
  (C)  Toxicity Category  III.
criteria of Toxicity Category
the signal word "Caution."
  (D)  Toxicity Category  IV.
criteria of Toxicity Category
the signal word "Caution."
All pesticide
II shall bear
                                            products meeting the
                                            on the front panel*
                               All pesticide products meeting the
                              III shall bear on the front panel

                              All pesticide products meeting the
                              IV shall bear on the front panel
                                    1 11

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   (E)   Use  of  signal words.  Use of any signal word(s)  associated
 with  a  higher  Toxicity Category  is not permitted except when  the
 Agency  determines  that such labeling is necessary to prevent
 unreasonable adverse effects on man or the environment.  In no
 case  shall  more  than one human hazard signal word appear on the
 front panel of a label.
   (ii)  Child  hazard warning.  Every pesticide product  label  shall
 bear  on the front  panel the statement "keep out of reach of
 children."  Only in cases where the likelihood of contact with
 children during  distribution, marketing, storage or use is
 demonstrated by  the applicant to be extremely remote, or if the
 nature of the  pesticide is such that it is approved for use on
 infants or  small children, may the Administrator waive  this
 requirement.
   (iii)  Statement of practical treatment—(A)  Toxicity
 Category I.  A statement of practical treatment (first aid or
 other) shall appear on the front panel of the label of  all
 pesticides  falling into Toxicity Category I on the basis of oral,
 inhalation or dermal toxicity.  The -Agency may, however, permit
 reasonable variations in the placement of the statement of
 practical treatment is some reference such as "See statement of
 practical treatment on back panel" appears on the front panel
 near the word  "Poison" and the skull and crossbones.
   (B)   Other toxicity categories.  The statement of practical
             not required on the front panel except as described
             (h)(1)(iii)(A) of this section.  The applicant may,
 however, include such a front panel statement at his option.
 Statements of practical treatment are, however,  required elsewhere
on the label .in  accord with paragraph  (h)(2)  of  this section  if
 they do not appear on the front panel.
   (iv)  Placement  and prominence.  All the required front  panel
 warning statements shall be grouped together  on  the label, and
 shall  appear with  sufficient prominence relative to other  front
 panel  text and graphic material  to make them  unlikely  to  be  over-
 looked under customary conditions of purchase and use.  The
 following table  shows the minimum type size requirements  for  the
 front  panel warning statements on various sizes  of  labels:
treatment is
in paragraph

Size of label front panel
in square inches





Poin
Required
signal word,
all capitals
6
10
12
14
18
ts
"Keep out
of reach of
Children"
6
6
8
10
12
                                     112

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    (2)   Other required  warnings  and precautionary  statements.   The
  warnings and precautionary statements  as required  below  shall  appear
  together on  the  label  under the general heading "Precautionary
  Statements"  and  under  appropriate subheadings of  "Hazard  to Humans
  and  Domestic Animals,"  "Environmental  Hazard" and  "Physical or
  Chemical Hazard."
    (i)   Hazard to  humans  and domestic animals.   (A)   Where a hazard
  exists  to humans  or domestic animals,  precautionary statements
  are  required indicating  the particular hazard,  the  route(s) of
  exposure and the  precautions to be taken to  avoid  accident, injury
  or  damage.   The precautionary paragraph shall be  immediately
  preceded by  the appropriate hazard signal word.
    (B)   The following table depicts typical precautionary  statements.
  These statements must  be  modified or expanded to  reflect  specific
  hazards.
ToxicIT>  I
                          Precautionary statements by toxic I ty category
category  |   Oral,  Inhalation, or dermal  toxlclty
                                           Skin and eye local effects
II I
 IV
         Fatal (poisonous) If stationed (Inhaled or
          absorbed through skin). Do not breathe
          vapor Idustl or spray mist). Do not get
          In eyes, on skin, or on clothing (Front
          panel  statement of  practical t-eatment
Hay be fatal  If swallowed (Inhaled or
 aOso-bed through the skin).  Do not breathe
 vapo-s (dust or spray nlstl.  Do not get In
 eyes, on skin, or on clothing. (Appropriate
 first aid statements required. I.

Harmful If swallowed (Inhaled or absorbed
 through the skin).  Avoid breathing vapors
 (dust or spray •jl«t|.  Avoid contact with
 sk'n (eyes or clothing). (Appropriate
 first «fd statement required.).
(No precautionary statements required.).
Corrosive, causes eye and skin damage lor
 skin Irritation).  Do not gat In eyes, on
 skin, or on clothing. Wear goggles or face
 shield and rubber gloves when handling.
 Harmful or fatal If swallowed.
(Appropriate first aid statement required.!

Causes eye land skin) Irritation. Do not
 get In eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
 Harmful If swallowed.  (Appropriate first
 aid statement required.!.
Avoid contact with sk"ln, eyes or clothing.
 In case of contact Immediately flush
 eyes or skin with plenty of water.  Get
 •ted 1 cat attention If  Irritation persists.
(No precautionary statements required.).
   (ii)   Environmental  hazards.   Where  a hazard exists  to non-
target  organisms  excluding  humans and  domestic animals, precautionary
statements are required  stating  the nature  of the  hazard and the
appropriate  precautions  to  avoid potential  accident,  injury or
                                             1  -7

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     damage.  Examples of  the hazard  statements  and  the  circumstances
     under which  they are  required  follow:
        (A)  If  a  pesticide  intended  for  outdoor  use  contains an  activi
     ingredient with  a mammalian acute oral LD5Q of  100  or less,  the
     statement  "This  Pesticide  is Toxic  to Wildlife"  is  required.
        (B)  If  a  pesticide  intended  for  outdoor  use  contains an  activi
     ingredient with  a fish  acute LC5Q of 1 ppm  or less,  the statemen
     "This Pesticide  is Toxic to Fish"  is required.
        (C)   If  a  pesticide  intended  for  outdoor  use  contains an  activ
     ingredient with  an avian acute oral LD^Q of 100  mg/kg or  less, o
     a  subacute dietary LC$Q of 500 ppm  or less, the  statement  "This
     Pesticide  is Toxic to Wildlife"  is  required.
        (D)   If  either accident  history or field  studies  demonstrate
     that  use  of  the  pesticide  may  result in fatality  to birds,  fish
     or mammals,  the  statement  "This  pesticide  is extremely  toxic to
     wildlife  (fish)"  is  required.
        (E)   For uses  involving  foliar application to agricultural
     crops,  forests,  or shade trees,  or  for mosquito  abatement
     treatments,  pesticides  toxic to  pollinating insects must  bear
     appropriate  label  cautions.
       (F)   For  all outdoor  uses other  than aquatic  applications the
     label must  bear  the  caution "Keep out of lakes,  ponds or  streams
     Do not  contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal  of
     wastes."
       (iii)   Physical  or chemical  hazards.  Warning statements on  th
     flammability or  explosive  characteristics  of the pesticide are
     required  as  follows:
              Flash point
            Required text
                         (A) PRESSURIZED CONTAINERS
 Flasn point at or belo* 20*F; If there Is a
  flashback at any valve opening.
Flash point above 20'f and not over 80*F or If
  tha flam* extension Is mar* than 18 In. long
  at a distance of 6 In. fro» the flame.
AI I other pressurized containers
Extremely flammable.  Cgntents under pressure.
 Keep a«ay from Tire, sparks, and heated
 surfaces.  Do not puncture or Incinerate
 container.  Exposure to temperatures above
 IJO'F r-y c--^» H..-.»ing.
Flammable.  Contents under pressure.  Keep away
 from heat, sparks, and open flame.  Oo not
 puncture or Incinerate container. Exposure to
 temperatures above 130*F may cause bursting.
Contents under pressure.  Oo not use or store
 near heat or open flame. Oo not puncture or
 Incinerate container.  Exposure to tempera-
 tures above 130'F may cause bursting.	
                         (B)  NOWPRESSURIZED CONTAINERS
At or belov 20*F	|  Extremely flammable.  Keep a«ay from fire,
                                     |   sparks, and heated surfaces.
Above 20*F and not over 80*F	|  Flammable.  Keep away from heat and open  Mame.
Above 80*F and not over I50*F	I  Do not use or store near heat or open flame.
                                         1 14

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    (i)   Directions for Use—(1)   General requirements—(i)   Adequacy
  and  clarity of directions.  Directions for use must be  stated  in
  terms which can be easily read  and understood  by the  average
  person  likely to use or to supervise the use of the pesticide.
  When followed, directions must  be adequate to  protect the  public
  from fraud and from personal  injury and to prevent unreasonable
  adverse effects on the environment.
    (ii)   Placement of directions for use.  Directions  may  appear
  on any portion of the label provided that they are conspicuous
  enough to be easily read by the user of the pesticide product.
  Directions for use may appear on printed or graphic matter which
  accompanies the pesticide provided that:
    (A)  If required by the Agency, such printed or graphic  matter
  is securely attached to each  package of the pesticide,  or  placed
 within  the outside wrapper or bag;
    (B)  The label bears a reference to the directions  for  use  in
 accompanying leaflets or circulars, such as "See directions in
  the enclosed circular."   and
    (C)  The Administrator determines that it is not necessary  for
 such directions to appear on  the label.
   (i i i)   Exceptions  to requirement for direction-for use—(A)
 Detailed directions  for use may be omitted from labeling  of
 pesticides which are intended for use only by  manufacturers of
 products other than  pesticide products in their regular manu-
 facturing  processes, provided that:
   (^_)   The label clearly shows  that the product is intended for
 use only in manufacturing processes and specifies the type(s) of
 products involved.
   (2)   Adequate  information such as technical  data sheets  or
 bulletins, is  available  to the  trade specifying the type of
 product  involved  and its proper use in manufacturing processes;
   (_3)   The product will  not come into the hands of the general
 public  except  after  incorporation into finished products;  and
   M)   The Administrator determines that such directions are not
 necessary  to prevent unreasonable adverse effects on man or the
 environment.
   (B)   Detailed  directions for  use may be omitted from the labeling
 of  pesticide products for which sale is limited to ohysicians,
 veterinarians,  or  druggists,  provided that:
   (^)  The label  clearly states-that the product  is for use only
 by  physicians  or  veterinarians;
   (2)  The Administrator determines that such directions are not
 necessary  to prevent unreasonable adverse effects on man or the
 environment; and
   (.3)  The  product is  also a  drug and regulated under the provisions
 of  the Federal  Food,  Drug and Cosmetic Act.
   (C)  Detailed directions for  use may be omitted from the labeling
 of  pesticide products  which are intended for use  only by  formulators
 in  preparing pesticides  for sale to the public, provided  that:
   (I)  There is  information readily available  to  the formulators
on  the composition,  toxicity, methods of use, applicable  restrictions
or  limitations,  and  effectiveness of the product  for pesticide
purposes ;
                                       1 15

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   (2)   The  label  clearly states that the product is intended  for
 use only in manufacturing,  formulating, mixing, or repacking  for
 use as  a pesticide  and  specifies the type(s) of pesticide  products
 invoIved;
   (j[)   The  product  as finally manufactured, formulated,  mixed,  or
 repackaged  is  registered; and
   (£}   The  Administrator determines that such directions are  not
 necessary  to prevent unreasonable adverse effects on man or the
 env ironment.
   (2)   Contents of  Directions for Use.  The directions for use
 shall  include  the following, under the headings "Directions for
 Use" :
   (i)   The  statement of use classification as prescribed in
 162.10(j)  immediately under the heading "Directions for Use."
   (jii)   Immediately below the statement of use classification,
 the statement  "It is a  violation of Federal law to use this
 product  in  a manner inconsistent with  its labeling."
   (iii)  The site(s) of application, as for example the crops,
 animals, areas, or  objects  to be treated.
   (iv)   The target  pest(s)  associated  with each site.
   (v)   The  dosage rate  associated with each site and pest.
   (vi)   The method  of application, including  instructions for
 dilution, if required,  and  type(s) of  application apparatus or
 equipment requried.
   (vii)  The frequency  and  timing of applications necessary to
 obtain  effective  results without causing unreasonable adverse
 effects  on  the environment.
   (viii)  Specific  limitations on reentry to  areas where  the
 pesticide has  been  applied, meeting the requirements concerning
 reentry  provided  by 40  CFR  Part 170.
   (ix)   Specific  directions concerning  the  storage and  disposal
 of  the pesticide  and its container, meeting the requirements of
 40  CFR  Part 165.   These instructions  shall  be grouped and appear
 under the heading "Storage  and Disposal."   This heading must be
 set  in  type of the  same minimum sizes  as  required  for  the child
 hazard  warning (See Table in 5 162.10(h)(1)(iv).)
   (x)   Any  limitations  or restrictions on  use required  to prevent
 unreasonable adverse effects/ such as:
   (A)   Required intervals between application and  harvest of  food
 or  feed  crops.
   (B)   Rotational crop  restrictions.
   (C)  Warnings as  required against use on certain crops, animals,
 objects, or in or adjacent  to certain  areas.
   (0)   (Reserved]
   (E)   For  restricted use pesticides,  a statement that the
 pesticide may  be  applied under  the  direct supervision of a
 certified applicator who is not physically present at the site of
 application but nonetheless available to the person applying the
 pesticide,  unless the Agency has  determined that the pesticide
may only be applied under  the  direct  supervision of a certified
applicator  who is physically present.
                                     116

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   (F)  Other pertinent information which  the  Administrator
 determines to be necessary for the protection  of man and the
 envi ronment.
   (j)  Statement of Use Classification.   By October 22,  1976, all
 pesticide products must bear on their  labels  a statement of use
 classification as described in paragraphs  (j)( 1) and (2) of this
 section.   Any pesticide product for which  some uses are  classified
 for general use and others for restricted  use  shall be separately
 labeled according to the labeling standards set  forth  in this
 subsection, and shall be marketed as separate  products with
 different registration numbers, one bearing directions only for
 general use(s) and the other bearing directions  for restricted
 use(s)  except that, if a product has both  restricted use(s) and
 general use(s), both of these uses may appear  on a product labeled
 for* restricted use.  Such products shall  be subject to the
 provisions of $ 162.10(j)(2).
   (1)   General Use Classification.  Pesticide  products bearing
 directions for use(s) classified general  shall be  labeled with
 the  exact words "General Classification"  immediately below the
 heading "Directions for Use."  And reference  to  the general
 classification that suggests or implies that  the general utility.
 of  the  pesticide extends beyond those purposes and uses  contained
 in  the  Directions for Use will be considered  a false or  misleading
 statement under the statutory definitions  of  misbranding.
   (2)   Restricted Use Classification.  Pesticide products bearing
 direction for use(s) classif iedrestricted shall bear  statements
 of  restricted use classification on the front  panel as described
 below:
   (i)   Fjront  panel  statement of restricted use classification.
 (A)  At the top of  the front panel of  the  label/ set  in  type  of
 the  same  minimum sizes as required for human  hazard signal words
 (see table  in S  162.10(h)(1)(iv)), and appearing with  sufficient
 prominence  relative to other text and graphic  material on  the
 front panel to make it unlikely to be overlooked under customary
 conditions  of purchase and  use, the statement  "Restricted  Use
 Pesticide"  shall appear.
  (B)   Directly  below this  statement on the  front  panel, a summary
 statement of  the terras of restriction  imposed as a precondition
 to registration  shall appear.  If use  is  restricted  to certified
 applicators,  the following  statement is required:   "For  retail
 sale to and use  only by Certified Applicators  or persons under
 their direct  supervision and only for  those  uses covered by  the
Certified Applicator's certification."  If,  however,  other
 regulatory  restrictions are imposed, the  Administrator will  define
 the appropriate  wording for the terms of  restriction  by  regulation.
  (k)  Advertising.   (Reserved]


 (40 FR 28268,  July  3,  1975; 40 FR 32329,  Aug. I, 1975; 40 FR
38571, Aug. 21,  1975,  as amended at 43  FR 5786, Feb.  9,  1978]
                                         17

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APPENDIX III

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                            BIBGUIDE-1

              GUIDE TO USE Of THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.  CONTENT OP BIBLIOGRAPHY.  This bibliography contains
    citations of all studies considered relevant by EPA in
    arriving at the positions and conclusions stated elsewhere
    in the Standard.  Primary sources for studies in this
    bibliography have been the body of data submitted to EPA
    and its predecessor agencies in support of past regulatory
    decisions.  Selections from other sources including the
    published literature, in those instances where they have
    been considered/ will be included.

2.  UNITS OF ENTRY.  The unit of entry in this bibliography
    is called a "study."  In the case of published materials,
    this corresponds closely to an article.  In the case of
    unpublished materials submitted to the Agency, the Agency
    has sought to identify documents at a level parallel to
    the published article from within the typically larger
  '  volumes in which they were submitted.  The resulting
    "studies" generally have a distinct title (or at least a
    single subject), can stand alone for purposes of review,
    and can be described with a conventional bibliographic
    citation.  The Agency has attempted also to unite basic
    documents and commentaries upon them, treating them as a
    single study.

3.  IDENTIFICATION OF ENTRIES.  The entries in this bibliography
    are sorted numerically by "Master Record Identifier," or
    MRID, number.  This number is unique to the citation, and
    should be used at any time specific reference is required.
    It is not related to the six-digit "Accession Number"
    which has been used to identify volumes of submitted
    studies;' see paragraph 4(d)(4) below for a further explana-
    tion.  In a few cases, entries added to the bibliography
    late in the review may be preceded by a nine-character
    temporary identifier.  These entries are listed after
    all MRID entries.  This temporary identifier number is
    also to be used whenever specific reference is needed.

4.  FORM OF ENTRY.  In addition to the Master Record Identifier
    (MRID), each entry consists o£ a citation containing
    standard elements followed, in the case of material
    submitted to EPA, by a.description of the earliest known
    submission.   Bibliographic conventions used reflect the
    standards of the American National Standards institute
    (ANSI)/ expanded to provide for certain special needs.
                                        19

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                        BIBGUIDE-2

a.  Author.  Whenever the Agency could  confidently  identify
    one, the Agency has  chosen  to show  a  personal author.
    When no individual was identified,  the Agency has
    shown an identifiable laboratory  or testing  facility
    as author.   As  a last resort, the Agency has shown
    the first submitter  as author.

b.  Document Date.   When the  date appears as four digits
    with no question marks,  the Agency  took it directly
    from the document.  When  a  four-digit date is followed
    by a question mark,  the bibliographer deduced the
    date from evidence in the document.   When the date
    appears as  (19??), the Agency was unable to  determine
(    or estimate the date of the document.

c.  Title.   In  some cases, it has been  necessary for
    Agency  bibliographers to  create or  enhance a document
    title.   Any such editorial  insertions are contained
    between square  brackets.

d.  Trailing Parentheses.  For  studies  submitted to the
    Agency  in the past,  the trailing  parentheses include
    (in addition to any  self-explanatory  text) the  fol-
    lowing  elements describing  the  earliest known submission:

    (1)  Submission Date.  The  date of  the  earliest known
         submission appears immediately following the  word
         "received."

    (2)  Administrative  Number.  The  next element,
         immediately following  the  word "under," is the
         registration number, experimental  use jpermit
         number, petition number, or  other -administrative
         number associated with the earliest known  submission.

    (3)  Submitter.  The third  element  is the  submitter,
         following  the phrase "submitted  by."   When
         authorship is defaulted to the submitter,  this
         element is omitted.

    (4)  Volume Identification  (Accession Numbers).  The
         final  element in the trailing parentheses
         identifies the  EPA accession number  of  the volume
         in which the original  submission of  the study
         appears.  The six-digit accession number  follows
         the symbol "CDL," standing for "Company Data
         Library."   This accession  number is  in turn
         followed by an  alphabetic  suffix which shows the
         relative position of the study within  the volume.
         For example, within accession number 123456, the
         first  study would be 123456-A; the second, 123456-
         B; the 26th, 123456-Z; and  the 27th,  123456-AA.


                                       12r>

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                       OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS
                    REGISTRATION STANDARD BIBLIOGRAPHY
       Citations Considered to be Part of the Data Base Supporting
                 Registrations Under the Metiram Standard


   MRID           CITATION

00030245 Hunter, B.; Barnard, A.V.;  Prentice, D.E.; et al.  (1979)  Metiram
            Tumorigenicity to Mice in Long Term Dietary Administration.
            Final rept.   (Unpublished study received Apr 10,  1980  under  279-
            2514; prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre, submitted by FMC
            Corp., Philadelphia, Pa.; CDL-.242192-A, 242193)

00030565 Palmer, A.K.;  Simons, R. (1979) Effect of Metiram Technical on
            Pregnancy of the Rat: BSF 302/79616.  (Unpublished study includ-
        t    ing submitter summary, received Apr 10, 1980 under 279-2514;
            prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre, submitted by FMC Corp.,
            Philadelphia, Pa.; CDL:242188-A)

00031591 Sortwell, R.J.; Allen, D.G.; Heywood, R.; et al. (1979) Metiram:
            (Containing 2.2% Ethylenethiourea) Oral Toxicity Study in Rhesus
            Monkeys: BSF 267/78263.   Final Report.  (Unpublished study in-
            cluding submitter summary, received Apr 10, 1980 under 279-2514;
            prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre, submitted by FMC Corp.,
            Philadelphia, Pa.; CDL-.242190-A)

00063821 Shuttleworth,  J.M. (1974) Letter sent to Route List dated Nov 14,
            1974: Determination of polyram residues on apples resulting from
            a polyram—benlate program: M-3589.  (Unpublished study received
            Feb 6, 1975 under 279-2032; submitted by'FMC Corp., Philadel-
            phia, Pa.;  CDL:227773-A)

00088894 Lyman, W.R. (1977) The Fate of Ethylenebisdithiocarbamate Fungi-
            cides in the Environment.  (Unpublished study received Dec 9,
            1981 under  707-78; submitted by Rohm & Haas Co., Philadelphia,
            Pa.; CDL:070520-A)

00098449 Hunter, B.; Barnard, A.V.;  Street, A.E.; et al. (1981) Metiram Tox-
            icity and Tumorigenicity in Prolonged Dietary Administration to
            the Rat: BSF 199/80391;  WNT No. 77/951.  Final rept.  (Unpub-
            lished study received Apr 8, 1982 under 279-2032; prepared by
            Huntingdon  Research Centre, England, submitted by FMC  Corp.,
            Philadelphia, Pa.; CDL-.247211-A; 247209; 247210; 247212; 247213)

00098644 Cullen, T.E. (1964) Spectrophotometric determination of dithio-
            carbamate residues on food crops.  Analytical Chemistry 36(1):
            221-224.  (Also in unpublished submission received Nov 16, 1965
            under unknown admin, no.; submitted by FMC Corp., Philadelphia,
            Pa.; CDL:120299-A)
                                            121

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                       OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS
                    REGISTRATION STANDARD BIBLIOGRAPHY
       Citations Considered to be Part of the Data Base Supporting
                 Registrations Under the Metiram Standard


   MRID           CITATION

00098677 FMC Corporation (1973) Polyram 80 Wettable Powder:  Residues.   (Un-
            published study received Feb 20,  1974 under 279-2032;  CDL:
            023021-B)

00098685 Munger, D.M.; Berger, E.; Stanovick, R.P. (1967) Determination of
            Polyram Residues in or on Cows Milk and Tissues: M-2128.   (Un-
            published study received on unknown date under 7F0550; submitted
            by Niagara Chemical, Div. of FMC Corp., Los Fresnos,  Tex.;
            CDL:092839-A)

00098689 pevine, J.M. (1970) Polyram Metabolite Method Development: Con-
            tract No. L1045-06.  Final rept.   (Unpublished study  received
            on unknown date under 1F1088; prepared by Syracuse Univ.  Re-
            search Corp., submitted by Niagara Chemical, Div. of  FMC Corp.,
            Los Fresnos, Tex.; CDL:098619-B)

00108004 Fink, R. (1974) Final Report: Eight-day Dietary LC:50—Bobwhite
            Quail: Project No. 104-105.  (Unpublished study received Apr 2,
            1974 under 279-2032; prepared by Truslow Farms, Inc., submitted
            by FMC Corp., Philadelphia, Pa.;  CDL:132451-A)

00108005 Fink, R. (1974) Final Report: Eight-day Dietary LC:50—Mallard
            Ducks: Project No. 104-106.  (Unpublished study received Apr 2,
            1974 under 279-2032; prepared by Truslow Farms, Inc., submitted
            by FMC Corp., Philadelphia, Pa.;  CDL:132451-B)

00126738 Hunter, B.; Barnard, A.; Heywood, R.; et al. (1977) Metiram:
            Toxicity to Rats in Dietary Administration for 13 Weeks Followed
            by a 6 Week Withdrawal Period: BSF/197/77612.  Final  rept.
            (Unpublished study received Mar 24, 1983 under 279-2023; pre-
            pared by Huntingdon Research Centre, Eng., submitted  by FMC
            Corp., Philadelphia, PA; CDL:249885-A)

00132710 Atkins, E.; Anderson, L.; Kellum, D.; et al. (1977) Protecting Hon-
            ey Bees from Pesticides.  Riverside, CA: Univ. of California.
            (Leaflet 2883; also in unpublished submission received Nov 2,
            1983 under 239-2507; submitted by Chevron Chemical Co., Rich-
            mond, CA'; CDL:251760-B)
                                               122

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                       OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS
                    REGISTRATION STANDARD BIBLIOGRAPHY
       Citations Considered to be Part of the Data Base Supporting
                 Registrations Under the Metiram Standard
   MRID           CITATION

00148679 Tu, A. (1985) Evaluation of Metiram in the C3H-10T 1/2 Cell System
            for Transformation and Promotion Activities: Final Report: ADL
            Reference 54045 (1-5527).  Unpublished study prepared by Arthur
            D. Little, Inc.  23 p.

00143680 Jagannath, D. (1985) Mouse Host-mediated Assay of Metiram Tech K38/
            33A: Final Report: LBI Project No. 20988.  Unpublished study
            prepared by Litton Bionetics, Inc.  15 p.

00148681 ivett, J. (1985) Mutagenicity Evaluation of Metiram Technical K38/
            33A in an in vitro Sister Chromatid Exchange Assay in Chinese
         *   Hamster Ovary (CHO) Cells: Final Report: LBI Project No. 20990.
            Unpublished study prepared by Litton Bionetics, Inc.  28 p.

00148682 Jaeckh, R. (1985) Report on a Point Mutation Test Carried Out on
            CHO Cells (HGPRT Locus) with the Test Substance Metiram (Techn.
            Purity).   Unpublished study prepared by BASF AG.  20 p.

00149526 BASF (1985)  Product Chemistry Data for Metiram.  Unpublished
            compilation prepared by FMC Corporation.  48 p.

00149528 Cifone, M. (1984) Evaluation of Metiram Tech. in the Rat Primary
            Hepatccyte Unscheduled DNA Synthesis Assay: Final Report: Pro-
            ject No.  20991.  Unpublished study prepared by Litton Bionetics,
            Inc.  14  p.

00155160 Hawkins,  D.;  Elsom, L.; Midgley, I.; et al. (1985) The Biokinetics
            and Metabolism of Carbon-14-Metiram in the Rat: HRC Report
            No. BSF 410/85720.  Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon
            Research  Centre Ltd.  184 p.

00155161 Hawkins,  D.;  Elsom, L.; Girkin, R.; et al.  (1984) Dermal Absorption
            of Metiram in Rats: HRC Report No. BSF 411/84694.  Unpublished
            study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre pic.  75 p.

00155162 Keller, E.;  Huber, R. (1985) Summary of Metiram Soil Metabolism
            Studies.   Unpublished study.  8 p.

00155189 Klein, W. (1985) Report on: Hydrolysis of the EBDC Fungicide
            Metiram.   Unpublished study prepared by Fraunhofer Institut fur
            Umweltchemie und Oekotoxikologie.  97 p.
                                                  123

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                       OFFICE  OF  PESTICIDE  PROGRAMS
                    REGISTRATION  STANDARD BIBLIOGRAPHY
       Citations Considered to be Part of the Data Base Supporting
                 Registrations Under  the Metiram Standard


   MRI.D           CITATION

00155190 Klein,  W.  (1985)  Report  on:  Water  Photolysis of the  EBDC Fungicide
            Metiram.   Unpublished study prepared by  Fraunhofer  Institut  fur
            Umweltchemie und Oekotoxikologie.  97 p.

00155288 Keller, E.;  Huber, R. (1985) The Fate of Metiram  in  Soil:  Rep.
            No.  2208.   Unpublished compilation prepared by BASF AG.   29  p.

00157031 Klein,  W.  (1986)  Report  on Soil Photolysis  of  the EBDC Fungicide
            Metiram-complex.  Unpublished study prepared by Fraunhofer  In-
            stitut fuer Umweltchemie und Oekotoxikologie.   93 p.

00157032*Novak,  R.  (1986)  Determination of  Residues  of  Polyram and  Ethylene-
            thiourea in Apples: NPC Project No. 86-2001: FMC-01-85.   Unpub-
            lished study prepared by NPC, Inc. and Enviro-Bio-Tech, Ltd.
            27 p.

00157033 Novak,  R.  (1986)  Determination of  Residues  of  Polyram and  Ethylene-
            thiourea in Potatoes: NPC Project No. 86-2001: FMC-02-85.  Un-
            published study prepared by NPC, Inc. and Enviro-Bio-Tech,  Ltd.
            20 p.

00157034 Holloway,  C.; Kargarotos, B.; Kurth, B.; et al.  (1986) The Bioki-
            netics and Metabolism of Metiram Complex in Lactating Goats:
            NATEC Projects NA 85  9658, NA 85 9668,  NA 85 9676 and NA 85
            9678.  Unpublished study prepared by NATEC Institute.   131 p.

00157997 BASF Wyandotte Chemical  Corp. (1985?) Product Chemistry Data:
            Metiram.  Unpublished compilation.  73 p.

00160534 Cameron, D.; Gummer,  J.; Gillard,  D.  (1986) Residues of Metiram in
            Milk and Tissues of Dairy Cows: Rept. No.  BSF/443/86353.  Un-
            published study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre.  51 p.

00160639 Cameron, D.; Gummer,  J.   (1986) Residues of ETU (Ethylene Thiourea)
            in Milk and Tissues of Dairy Cows  following Oral Administration
            of Metiram: HRC Report No. BSF/443/86353/b.  Unpublished study
            prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre.   34- p.

00160784 Novak,  R. (1986) Determination of Residues of Polyram and  Ethylene-
            thiourea in Apples and Process Fractions: Project  No.:  G237.111:
            PC-0050.  Unpublished compilation  prepared by  Enviro-Bio-Tech,
            Ltd.  30 p.
                                              124

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                       OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS
                    REGISTRATION STANDARD BIBLIOGRAPHY
       Citations Considered to be Part of the Data Base Supporting
                 Registrations Under the Metiram Standard
                  CITATION

00160785 Novak, R. (1986) Determination of Residues of Polyram and Ethyl-
            enethiourea in Potato Process Samples: Project No. G237.111:
            NPC Project No.: 86-2001.  Unpublished study prepared by FMC
            Corp.  30 p.

00160786 Roberts, R.; Cameron, D.; Gummer, J. (1986) Residues of Metiram
            in Milk and Tissues of Dairy Cows: HRC Study No.: BSF/443/86353.
            Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre.  40 p.

00160789 Bieber, W.;  Kroehn, R. (1986) Study on the Metabolism of the
            Metiram Complex (Ethylene-:Carbon-14-labelled:) in Apples:
         1   Proj.: NA 85 9620/11.   Unpublished study prepared by BASF, AG.
            68 p.

00160790 Bieber, W.;  Kroehn, R. (1986) Study on the Metabolism of the
            Metiram Complex (Ethylene-Carbon-14-labelled) in Potatoes:
            Proj.: NA 85 9620/1.  Unpublished study prepared by BASF, AG.
            67 p.

00161338 Holloway, C.; Kargarotos, B.; Baustian, M.; et al. (1986) The Bio-
            kinetics and Metabolism of Metiram Complex in Laying Hens: Part
            I: Biokinetics: [Part II: Metabolism].  Unpublished compilation
            prepared by Institut fur Naturwissenschaftlichtechnische Dienste
            GmbH.  157 p.

00161935 Novak, R. A. (1986) Polyram Soil Dissipation: Determination of
            POLYRAM and Ethylenethiourea Residues

00161937 Regenstein (1986) Hydrolysis of the EBDC Fungicide Metiram - Com-
            plex: Addendum.  Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktienge-
            sellschaft.   4 p.

00161938 Regenstein (1986) Water Photolysis of the EBDC Fungicide Metiram -
            Complex:  Addendum.  Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktien-
            gesellschaft.  5 p.

00161939 Roberts, N.; Fairley, C.; Gummer, J.: et al. (1986) The Determina-
            tion of -Residues of Metiram in the Eggs and Tissues of the
            Laying Hen following Oral Gavage of Metiram: BSF 449BR/86777b.
            Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre Ltd.
            133 p.
                                                125

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                       OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS
                    REGISTRATION STANDARD BIBLIOGRAPHY
       Citations Considered to be Part of the Data Base Supporting
                 Registrations Under  the Metiram Standard


   MRID           CITATION

00163786 Ivett,  J. (1986)  Mutagenicity Evaluation of Metiram Technical  K38/
            33A in the Rat Bone Marrow: Cytogenetic  Assay:  Amended Final
            Rept.: LBI Proj.  No. 22202.  Unpublished study  prepared by  Lit-
            ton  Bionetics, Inc.   29 p.

00164083 Ulrich, C.  (1986) Thirteen Week Subchronic  Inhalation  Toxicity
            Study on Metiram in Rats  - Final Report: Study  No.  312-015.   Un-
            published study prepared  by International Research  and Develop-
            ment Corporation.  371 p.

40044701 Ulrich, C.  (1986) Thirteen Week Subchronic  Inhalation  Toxicity
        *    Study on Metrim in Rats - Final Report:  Laboratory  Project  ID:
            312-015: BASF  Doc. No. 86/0407.  Unpublished study  prepared by
            International  Research and Development Corp.  385 p.

40290601 Offer,  J.;  Gopinath, C. (1987) Metiram: Toxicity to Rats in Dietary
            Administration for 13 Weeks Followed by  a 6-week Withdrawal Per-
            iod: HRC Report No.  BSF 197/8713, Addendum to BSF 197/77612.
            Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre, Ltd.
            11 p.


40466101 Carpenter,  M. (1987) Determination of the Photolysis Rate of Ethy-
            lenethiourea (ETU) on the Surface of Soil:  ABC Final Report No.
            36289.  Unpublished study prepared by Analytical Bio-Chemistry
            Labs., Inc.  504 p.

40466102 Carpenter,  M.; Fennessey, M.  (1987) Determination of the Photolysis
            Rate of [Carbon 14]-Ethylenethiourea in pH 7 Aqueous Solution:
            ABC Re-amended Final Report No. 36288.  Unpublished study pre-
            pared by Analytical Bio-Chemistry Labs., Inc.   658  p.

40466103 Carpenter,  M. (1987) Hydrolysis as a Function of pH AT 25 [degree]
            C OF [Carbon 14]-Ethylenethiourea: ABC Final Report No.  36287.
            Unpublished study prepared by Analytical Bio-Chemistry Labs.,
            Inc.  543 p.

40507101 Schneider/ A.; Redeker, J. (1988) Solubility of Metiram  in  Ethanol
            and DMSO: Reg. Document No. BASF 88/5006.  Unpublished study
            prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft.  7 p.


40507102 Ohnsorge (1988) Amendment on  Product Chemistry Submission Based on
            Discission [sic] with EPA  on September  11,  1987: Reg. Document
            No.  88/5007.  Unpublished  study prepared by BASF Aktiengesell-
            schaft.   11 p.
                                             126

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APPENDIX IV

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                                                                                 Form Approved. OMB No. 2070-0057.  Approval expires 11-30-89.
J
FIFHA SECTION 3(C)(2)(B) SUMMARY SHEET
EPA REGISTRATION NO.
PRODUCT NAME
APPLICANT'S NAME
DATE GUIDANCE DOCUMENT ISSUED
With respect to the requirement to submit "generic" data imposed by the FIFRA section 3(C)(2)(B) notice contained in the referenced
Guidance Document, I am responding in the following manner:
Q 1. 1 will submit data in a timely manner to satisfy the following requirements. If the test procedures I will use deviate from (or are not
specified in) the Registration Guidelines or the Protocols contained in the Reports of Expert Groups to the Chemicals Group. OECO
Chemicals Testing Programme, I enclose the protocols that 1 will use:
   [HI 2. I  have entered into an agreement with one or more other registrants under FIFRA section 3(C)(2)(B)tii) to satisfy the following data
         requirements. The tests, and any required protocols, will be submitted to EPA by:
NAME OP OTHER REGISTRANT
   LJ3. I  enclose a completed "Certification of Attempt to Enter Into an Agreement with Other Registrants for Development of Data" with
         respect to the following data requirements:
   LJ 4.  I request that you amend my registration by deleting the following uses (this option is not available to applicants for new products):
  LJ 5.  I request voluntary cancellation of the registration of this product. (This option is nor availa&le to applicants for new products.)
REGISTRANTS AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE
SIGNATURE
i «-,,-.
EPA Form 8580-1 (10-82) ' £ ^
DATE


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                                                                 OMB Approval No. 2070-0057
                                                                 Expiration Date 11/30/89
                              GENERIC DATA EXEMPTION STATEMENT

EPA  Product Registration  Number:	

Registrant's Name and Address:  	
      As  an  authorized  representative  of  the registrant of the product identified above, I
certify  that:

      (1)  I have read  and  am familiar with the terms of the Notice from EPA dated
              ,   concerning a requirement for submission of "generic" data on the active
Ingredient      	named under FIFRA Section 3(c)(2)(B).

      (2)  My firm requests that EPA not  suspend the registration of our product, despite
our lack of intent to  submit the  generic data in question, on the grounds that the product
contains the active ingredient solely as the result of the incorporation into the product
of another  product which contains  that active ingredient, which is registered under FIFRA
Section  3,  and which is purchased  by  us  from another producer.

      (3)  An accurate  Confidential Statement of Formula (CSF) for the above-identified
product  is  attached to this statement.   That formula statement indicates, by company name,
registration number, and product  name, the source of the subject active ingredient in my
firm's product, or

The CSF  dated	on file with EPA is complete, current and accurate and
contains the Information requested on the current CSF Form 8570-4.  The registered
source(s) of the above named active ingredient in my product(s) is/are 	
and their registration number(s) is/are  	.

      My  firm will apply for an amendment to the registration prior to'changing the source
of the active ingredient in our product.

      (4)  I understand, and agree  on  behalf of my firm, that if at any time any portion of
this  Statement is no longer true,  or  if my firm fails to comply with the undertakings made
in this  Statement, my  firm's product's registration may be suspended under FIFRA Section
3(cJ(2)(B).

      (5)  I further understand that if my firm is granted a generic data exemption for the
product, my firm relies on the efforts of other persons to provide the Agency with the
required generic data.  If the registrant(s) who have committed to generate and submit the
required data fail to  take appropriate steps to meet requirements or are no longer in
compliance with this Notice's data requirements, the Agency will consider that both they
and my firm are not in compliance  and will  normally initiate proceedings to suspend the
registrations of my firm's product(s) and their product(s), unless my firm commits to
submit and submits the required data  in the specified time frame.  I understand that, in
such cases, the Agency generally will not grant a time extension for submitting the data.

Registrant's authorized representative:
                                                  (Signature

Dated:
                                                     (Typed)
EPA Form 8570-27      '                          j p o

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                                                                          OMB Approval No.
                                                                                  2070-0057
                                                                          Expires 11/30/89
                                PRODUCT SPECIFIC DATA REPORT
EPA Reg. No.
Date
Guidance Document for
"Registration
Guideline No.
Sec. 1WJ.12U
PRODUCT
CHEMISTRY
fal-1
61-2
61-3
62-1
62-2
62-3
63-2
63-3
63-4
63-b
63-6
63-/
63-8
63-9
63-10
63-11
63-12
1 Name of Test

Identity of
ingredients
Statement of
composition
Discussion of
formation of
ingredients
Preliminary
analysis
Certification of
1 i mi ts
Analytical methods
for enforcement
limits
Color
Physical state
Odor
Melting point
Boi ling point
Density, bulk-
density, or
specific gravity
Solubility
Vapor pressure
Dissociation
constant
Octanol /water
partition
coefficient
PH
Test not
required
for my
product
listed
above
(check
below)


















I am complying with
data requirements by
Citing MR ID i
Number or
EPA Accession
Number

















Submit-
ting
Data
(At-
tached)

















(For EPA Use Only)
Accession Numbers
Assigned







.-









i i
EPA Form 8580-4
                                                       130

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                                                                         OMB Approval  No.
                                                                                 2070-0057
                                                                         Expires 11/30/89
 EPA Reg. Ho.
PRODUCT SPECIFIC DATA REPORT (cont'd)

                  Date
 Guidance Document  for
Registration
Guideline No.
Sec. lbb.120
PRODUCT
CHEMISTRY
(cont'd)
63-13
63-13
fal^lb
63-16
63-17
63-18
53^19
63-20
63-21
58.135 '
TOXICOLOGY
81-1 '
BT^2 '
81-3 '
bl-4
81-5 r
81-6 r
81-7 r
Name of Test

Stability
Oxidizing/reducing
reaction
Flammabi li ty
1 Explodabi nty
Storage stabi 11 ty
Viscosity
Miscibi lity
Corrosion
characteristics
Dielectric break-
down voltage

Acute oraj
toxicity, rat
Acute dermal
toxicity, rabbit
Acute inhalation,
toxicity, rat
Primary eye
irritation, rabbit
Primary dermal
Irritation
Dermal sensitiza-
tlon,
Acute Delayed
neurotoxicity, hen
Test not
required
for my
product
listed
above
(check
be! ow }


















I am complying with
data requirements by
Citing MRID
Number or
EPA Accession
Number


















Submit-
ting
Data
(At-
tached)









_ i








(For EPA Use Only)
Accession Numbers
Assigned
-•







r 	 	 	
i 	 . — - — — 	
'•-







EPA Forra 8580-4 (cont'd)
                                                    131

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                                                                                               Foim Atxxowd. OMB No. »7O-0057. Expire* 11
CERTIFICATION OF ATTEMPT TO ENTER
INTO AN AGREEMENT WITH OTHER REGISTRANTS
(To qualify, certify ALL four items) FOR DE VE LOPMENT OF DATA
I. I am duly authorized to represent the following firm(s) who are subject to the require-
ments of a Notice under FIFRA Section 3(c)(2)(B) contained in a Guidance Document
to submit data concerning the active ingredient:
NAME OF FIRM



.
GUIDANCE DOCUMENT DATE
ACTIVE INGREDIENT
EPA COMPANY NUMBER




(This firm or group of firms is referred to below as "my firm".)
 2. My firm is willing to develop and submit the data as required by that Notice, if necessary. However, my firm would  prefer to
    into an  agreement with one or more other registrants to develop jointly, or to share in the cost of developing, the following req
    hems or data:
 3. My firm has offered in writing to enter into such an agreement. Copies of the offers are attached. That offer was irrevocable and included an offer
    bound by an arbitration decision under FIFRA Section 3(c)(2)(BHiii) if final agreement on all terms could not be reached otherwise. This offer was
    to the following firm(s) on the following dated):
NAME OF FIRM




DATE OF OFFER




However, none of those firm(s) accepted my offer.
 4. TWy firm requests that EPA not suspend the registration(s) of my  firm's product(s), if any of the firms named in paragraph (3) z
   have agreed to submit the data listed in paragraph (2)  above in accordance with the Notice. I  understand EPA will  promptly in
   me whether my firm must submit data to avoid  suspension of its registration(s)  under FIFRA  Section 3(c)(2)(B). (This state
   does not apply to applicants for new products.)  I give EPA permission to disclose this statement upon request.
 TYPED NAME
                                                         SIGNATURE
                                                                                                               DATE
EPA Form 858O-6 (10-82)

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