United States
           Environmental Protection
           Agency
EPA/600/8-86/028
Sept. 1986
           Research and Development
v°/EPA    Solicitation for
           Research Grant
           Proposals

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                Exploratory Research Grants


Introduction   The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is
                 responsible for implementing laws designed to mitigate
                 or prevent environmental pollution. Central to the
                 execution of its responsibility is the need for reliable,
                 high quality scientific and technical information.
                 Recognizing that some of the information needed to
                 address current or emerging problems is not available,
                 the Agency has established a long term, exploratory
                 research program.

                 As part of this long term research effort, EPA's Office of
                 Research and Development (ORD) established the
                 Research Grants Program within the Office of
                 Exploratory Research (OER) in 1980. The objective of
                 this program  is to develop an effective means to
                 stimulate extramural scientists to work on EPA's
                 technical problems, to complement existing EPA
                 programs and to  provide a stronger creative base for
                 mission-oriented research  needed for the Agency's
                 regulatory and enforcement purposes. To date, through
                 its Research Grants Program, OER has supported over
                 500 research projects in various priority areas as
                 identified by the Agency's program planning
                 mechanisms  and ORD's Research Committees. This
                 year, ORD's research priorities are in four major areas:

                 —human health  risk assessment  methods: development
                    and  application;

                 —ecological risk assessment methods: development  and
                    application;

                 —total exposure assessment methods: development  and
                    application;

                 —risk  reduction research concerned with reducing or
                    eliminating the release of toxicants to the
                    environment.

                 Grants are an important means by which EPA
                 underwrites research on environmental topics in the
                 academic sector. Therefore, this document solicits
                 investigator-initiated proposals to address ORD's priority
                 research needs. This solicitation relates only to the
                 research grants procedures as administered by the
                 ORD's Office of Exploratory Research and outlines the
                 procedures for applying for grant assistance.
                 Participation  in the research grants assistance program
                 does not preclude individuals or institutions from
                 engaging in EPA-sponsored research supported through

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                  cooperative agreements or contracts with ORD
                  laboratories. Those interested in these aspects of EPA's
                  research and development programs are encouraged to
                  consult directly with officials at the EPA laboratories. A
                  list of these laboratories appears in Appendix A.

                  This solicitation describes the principal areas of interest
                  and specific research needs in these program areas:

                  • Environmental Biology
                  • Environmental Health
                  • Environmental Engineering
                  • Environmental Air/Water Chemistry and Physics

                  Although this document emphasizes certain  needs in
                  the aforementioned research areas, it is by no means all
                  inclusive. Every scientifically meritorious proposal will
                  be accorded full and fair consideration. The legislative
                  and administrative limitations of this program require,
                  however, that applications must be germane to EPA's
                  mission.
Application     In the past, the Research Grants Program has accepted
Procedures     applications that responded to the regular annual
                  solicitation. This year, in addition, applications will be
                  accepted which respond to more narrowly defined
                  proposal requests, the Request for Applications (RFA).
                  Application procedures for both mechanisms are
                  outlined below.
                  Regular Grants

                  Application forms, instructions, and other pertinent
                  information are available in the EPA Research Grant
                  Application/Information Kit. It is recommended that
                  interested investigators review the material in this kit
                  before preparing an application for assistance. The kits
                  are available from:

                          Grants Operations Branch
                          Grants Administration Division (PM-216)
                          U S. Environmental Protection Agency
                          401 M Street, SW
                          Washington, DC 20460

                          or

                          Research Grants Staff
                          Office of Exploratory Research (RD-675)
                          Office of Research and Development
                          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                          401 M Street, SW
                          Washington, DC 20460

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                  Fully-developed research proposals, prepared in
                  accordance with instructions in the Application for
                  Federal Assistance Form No. 5700-12, should be sent
                  to:

                         Grants Administration Division (PM-216)
                         U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                         401  M Street, SW
                         Washington, DC 20460

                  A pre-addressed mailing label is provided in the
                  Application/ Information Kit.

                  If this solicitation is the basis for submitting a proposal,
                  the fact may be entered on line 3 of Form 5700-12.

                  One copy of the application with original signatures plus
                  eight copies are needed.  Informal, incomplete, or
                  unsigned proposals will not be considered.

                  While applications are accepted year round, proposals
                  will be evaluated  at regular (approximately semi-annual)
                  intervals (see table below). Applicants should contact
                  the appropriate Science Review Administrator, whose
                  name appears at the end of each program area
                  description, for dates of the next scheduled peer review
                  panel meetings.
Solicitation
Publication
September
Application*
Closing
Date(s)
Feb. 15th
Aug. 15th
Panel
Review
Meeting
Apr/May
Oct/Nov
Relevancy
Review
June/ July
Dec/Jan
Earliest Date
for
Notification of
Award
A ugust
February
*While applications are accepted year round, to be considered by a specific
 review panel, applications should be received no later than six weeks prior
 to the scheduled review meeting date.
                 Special Targeted Grants

                 Often the Agency needs to expand or explore a new
                 research area in which current Agency efforts are either
                 minimal or non-existent. In this context, targeted grants
                 will be awarded to focus solely toward advancing the
                 state of knowledge in a narrowly defined area. While
                 still exploratory, these grants will be aimed at
                 determining whether a more formal research effort
                 should be established, and if so, in what direction. The
                 Office of Exploratory Research addresses this targeted
                 grant need by issuing a special solicitation called the
                 "Request for Applications" (RFA). The RFA is a
                 mechanism by which a formal announcement is

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released describing a high priority initiative in a well-
defined scientific area. Applicants will be invited to
submit research applications for a one-time competition
using the standard application for Federal Assistance
Form No. 5700-12. One copy of the application with
original signatures plus eight copies are to be mailed
directly to:
        Research Grants Staff
        Office of Exploratory Research (RD-675)
        Office of Research and Development
        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
        401 M Street, SW
        Washington, DC 20460

Funds for this special mechanism are generally set
aside for a specified number of awards (expected to be
five to ten awards per RFA). The deadlines for receipt of
applications are identified in the announcement. All
responses received are reviewed by specially convened
ad hoc peer  review panels. The two Request for
Applications issued by OER this fiscal year are printed in
Part II of this Solicitation.

Eligibility

A research grant application will  be considered when a
fully developed proposal is submitted on the required
Application for Federal Assistance Form 5700-1 2,
provided that

• The proposed project is for research (as opposed to
   development, demonstration, surveys, or preparation
   of materials and documents)

• The proposed project directly pertains to EPA's
   mission

• The proposed project addresses fundamental aspects
   of environmental problems

• The applicant is eligible to apply under the Federal
   laws that authorize EPA to award research grants

Nonprofit institutions and state or local governments are
eligible under all existing authorizations. Profit-making
firms are eligible only under certain laws, and then
under restrictive conditions, including the absence of
any  profit from the project.

Potential applicants who are uncertain of their eligibility
should study the restrictive language of the law
governing the area of research interest. This
information  is provided in the Research Grant
Application/Information Kit. All applicants must provide
a minimum  of 5% of the total project cost. These
costsharmg  funds may not be taken from other Federal
sources.

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                  Investigators at minority institutions or those who have
                  not previously received support are encouraged to
                  submit applications (See Minority Programs Section).
Review          All applications will initially be reviewed by the Agency
Process         to determine their legal and administrative acceptability.

                  Acceptable applications will then be reviewed by the
                  appropriate peer review panel. This review is designed
                  to evaluate and rank each proposal according to its
                  scientific and/or technical merit as a basis for
                  recommending Agency approval or disapproval. Each
                  peer review panel is composed primarily of non-EPA
                  scientists and engineers who are acknowledged experts
                  in their respective disciplines.

                  The panels use the following criteria in their review:

                  • Quality of research plan (including theoretical and/or
                     experimental design, originality, and creativity)

                  • Qualifications of principal investigator and staff
                     including knowledge of subject area

                  • Potential contribution to scientific knowledge

                  • Availability and adequacy of facilities and equipment

                  • Budgetary justification

                  Proposals which receive a panel's approval based upon
                  scientific merit are further evaluated by EPA officials for
                  relevance to the Agency's mission and budget
                  appropriations. It is  iterated that scientifically approved
                  applications must be germane to EPA's mission to be
                  funded. A summary of the scientific review and
                  recommendation of the panel(s) will be provided to each
                  applicant.
Environmental
Health
The major objective of the Environmental Health
Research Program is to obtain and provide a scientific
basis upon which the Agency can make regulatory
decisions concerning human health risk assessment
after exposure to environmental pollutants. The
principal concern is to determine whether, and to what
extent, exposure to various pollutants contribute to
environmentally related health risks.

Areas of interest include but are not limited to:

• Improved Models and Methodologies for Human Risk
   Assessment

   —Development of methods to assess the risk of
     environmental contaminants for a variety of health

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  endpoints other than cancer (including
  reproductive, developmental, behavioral
  immunological, neurological and cardiovascular
  disorders, renal disease, chronic bronchitis and
  emphysema).

—Develop short-term assays which mimic the
  metabolism and/or the molecular, cellular or
  biochemical process being affected by specific
  toxicants.

—Development of more extensive in vivo and in vitro
  assays for all classes of potentially toxic chemicals
  considered relevant to humans at risk.

—Studies of pharmacokmetics to determine the body
  burden and effects of ingested and otherwise
  contacted chemical and physical toxic agents.

—Studies to determine the adverse effects of
  environmental toxicants on the immune function,
  and ways to enhance immune response.

—Studies to determine the effect of predisposing
  factors (e.g., genetic,  hormonal, nutritional factors,
  biological rhythm, previous exposure, disease
  state, etc.) on reaction to toxic agents.

—Developments of methods to program the results
  obtained  with validated testing strategies into an
  artificial intelligence to predict toxicity based on
  structural activity relationships.

Risk Assessment and Predictions

—Studies directed toward improved extrapolations
  from high-to-low doses and from animal models to
  humans; long-term animal studies of chronic
  exposure to provide basis for high-to-low dose
  extrapolations.

—Development of more sensitive techniques for
  measuring chemical and physical toxic agents and
  their metabolites in biological media.

—Develop risk extrapolation  methods incorporating
  information and mechanisms  of action,
  pharmacokinetics, and information from
  interspecies responses to related endpoints.

—.Studies to identify the potential routes of exposure
  in biological systems to chemical and physical toxic
  agents, and the possible different toxicities
  manifested following exposure by these diverse
  routes.

—Studies of multiple exposure models to determine
  possible synergistic, additive,  and antagonistic
  effects of toxic agents.

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                    —Studies that define the rates and mechanisms of
                      chemical reactions at the cellular level of important
                      toxic agents in the environment.

                    —In vivo and in vitro studies for developing and
                      validating rapid, reproducible, and sensitive
                      screening tests that can  be used to assess
                      potential toxicity.

                  • Risk Assessment in Human Populations

                    —Identification of target populations and effects on
                      these target populations at risk from exposure to
                      toxic agents. The nature and range of susceptibility
                      should be included.

                    —Development of biological markers in populations
                      to improve early detection of exposure and future
                      chronic diseases, and to estimate their sensitivity
                      vs. specificity.

                    —Development of methods to better correlate
                      relationships between exposures and health
                      effects resulting from chronic long-term exposure
                      or where the interval between exposure and effect
                      is extended. Consideration should be given to
                      subtle effects such as genetic or behavioral toxicity
                      as well as morbidity or mortality.

                  For further information, please contact:

                         George R. Simon, Ph.D.
                         Science Review Administrator (RD-675)
                         U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                         401  M Street, SW
                         Washington,  DC 20460
                         (202) 382-7445

Environmental  The Environmental Biology Research Program supports
Biology          a broad range of projects in the areas of ecosystem
                  effects, aquatic ecosystem modeling, biotechnology
                  monitoring, environmental risk assessment, marine
                  studies and biodegradation in water and soil
                  environments. One objective of this program is to
                  provide information that, in combination with exposure
                  data, allows the prediction of  the environmental risk of
                  pollution on individual organisms and on ecosystems.

                  Areas of interest include but are not limited to:

                  • Ecological Risk Assessment

                    —Methods to assess and predict environmental risks
                      resulting from single-chemical or complex mixture
                      exposures to wetland ecosystems.

                    —Develop comparative risk assessment procedures
                      to estimate the risk associated with disposal of

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    wastes containing mixtures of chemicals.
    Specifically, additivity rules to assess the
    environmental effects of complex mixtures based
    on single chemical dose-response relationships
    using bioassay and short-term effects tests to
    reflect relationships between hazards and
    exposures.

  —Techniques that will permit testing and validation
    of laboratory findings and model verification under
    field conditions especially in the areas of biological
    availability and effects of contaminants.

  —Determining the pathways, interactions, and
    impacts of genetically engineered microorganisms
    which enter environmental systems. Of particular
    interest are applications for environmental
    monitoring and ecological risk assessment

  —Screening methods for predicting exposure, fate
    and eco-toxicity of chemicals, including chemical
    mixtures at low concentrations. The development
    of systems and models (including the structure-
    activity concept) through which persistence,
    bioaccumulation, eco-toxicity, and biodegradation
    may be predicted.

• Ecosystem Structure and Function

  —The cycling, including sorption/desorption of
    pollutants and biodegradation products with long
    time constants in biological systems and ecological
    processes.

  —The relationship of ecological genetics and natural
    selection processes as they are influenced by the
    impact of  pollutants upon ecosystem properties

  —The differential importance of components of
    ecosystems to the whole. Studies are solicited
    which assess the vulnerability of ecosystem
    components to natural and anthropogenic damage
    and the relative ecosystem resiliency and recovery.

  —Modeling  studies to develop new qualitative and
    quantitative methodologies for environmental
    applications to ecological processes in order to
    predict pollutant effects.

  —Studies of pollution impacts on biotic resources in
    cold-climate ecosystems including the tundra and
    estuarine areas.

• Ecological and Toxicological Effects

  —Studies delineating the effects of gaseous and
    particulate air pollution (e g., acid rain)  on forests,
    crops, and receiving waters and their biota.

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                    —Studies to examine the mechanisms by which
                      major pollutants combine to alter plant growth and
                      produce pathological symptoms in plants.

                    —Studies on the sublethal effects of toxic chemicals
                      and their biodegraded products on the behavior of
                      animals.

                    —Modes by which organisms (i.e., fish, algae and
                      plants) are exposed to chemicals in freshwater and
                      marine sediments.

                    —Studies defining the role of bacteria in the
                      movement, transfer and destruction of pollutants
                      in soil and water.

                    —Effects of chemicals on wildlife, including effects
                      on populations and individuals.

                    —Ecological significance of the loss, due to exposure
                      to toxic chemicals, of a portion of a natural
                      population.

                  For further information, p'lease contact:

                         Clyde C. Bishop, Jr.
                         Science Review Administrator (RD-675)
                         U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                         401  M Street, SW
                         Washington, DC 20460
                         (202) 382-7445
Environmental  The Environmental Engineering Research Program
Engineering     supports fundamental research needed to provide
                  solutions to pollution control problems outside the scope
                  of the Agency's response-directed research program.
                  New, innovative toxic substances control and waste
                  management techniques are sought to provide cost-
                  effective risk reduction through advanced multi-media
                  (solid, liquid, gaseous) pollution control technology.

                  Areas of interest include but are not limited to:

                  • Proof-of-concept research in high-risk, high-potential
                    technical areas.

                    —Biodegradation of toxic substances;  the treatment
                      of complex mixtures of pollutants to reduce
                      toxicity.

                    —In-plant unit process operations minimizing or
                      eliminating toxics generation and release to the
                      environment.

                    —Biotechnology advances for the degradation of
                      toxic and/or hazardous wastes in contaminated
                      water, ground water, and  sediments and for

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    improving biological process treatment and
    mitigation of environmental pollution problems,

  —Development of improved techniques to prevent
    ground-water degradation and to clean up ground-
    water contamination.

  —Prevention technology to minimize adverse human
    health and ecological effects resulting from
    accidental releases of toxic materials.

• Pilot-scale evaluation and cost performance testing
  of innovative technologies.

  —Improved thermal destruction  (incineration) or
    other treatment techniques, e.g., biological or
    chemical, for the final disposition of hazardous
    materials.

  —Handling and disposal of hazardous solid wastes,
    including detoxification,  solidification, and
    otherwise fixing organic waste before disposal in
    secure landfills.

  —Innovative approaches for reduction  of indoor air
    pollution.

  —Improved techniques for low cost capture of
    particles less than 10 micrometers; including
    condensation aerosols, in retrofit applications,
    prior to existing stack.

  —Innovative techniques to control and/or remove
    toxic air emissions and VOC from industrial and/or
    combustion sources, including vent and flue gases.

  —Simultaneous control of paniculate matter, NOX
    and SO, in combustion and/or post combustion
    processes.
  —Municipal water and wastewater sludge volume
    reduction and final disposal practices which lower
    concentrations of pathogens,  heavy  metals, and
    synthetic  organics; recovery techniques for metals
    from industrial sludges.

  —Clean-up  techniques (e.g., in-situ treatment) for
    contaminated soils, structures, surface and
    groundwater, and asbestos.

 • Fundamental thermal destruction/combustion
   research: leading to less pollutant production and to
   better incineration of hazardous waste.

   —Investigation of flame reactions, propagation, and
    quenching mechanisms.

   —Investigation of selective and non-selective
    catalysts for control of NOX and organic particulate
     matter in high temperature combustion processes.

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                    —Predictive models for products of incomplete
                      combustion in hazardous waste incineration.

                 For further information, please contact:

                         Donald F. Carey, B.S. Ch.E.
                         Science Review Administrator (RD-675)
                         U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                         401 M Street, SW
                         Washington, DC 20460
                         (202)382-7446
Environmental
Air/Water
Chemistry and
Physics
The Environmental Chemistry and Physics of Air/Water
Programs support research leading to the basic
scientific tools for establishing the levels at which
pollutants occur or might occur in the environment
under different conditions. The  program includes
projects in analytical chemistry, studies on chemical
reactions and their rates and on the physics of the
movement of pollutants in air, water, and soil. The
resulting tools and information  will allow the estimation
of total exposure needed for risk assessment.

This program is divided into:

 /.  RESEARCH ON AIR POLLUTION

II.  RESEARCH ON POLLUTION OF FRESHWA TER,
    MARINE/ESTUARINE WATERS, GROUND-
    WA TERS, SOILS AND SEDIMENTS

Areas of interest include but are not limited to:

 /.  AIR POLLUTION

    •  Exposure Monitoring Systems and Advanced
       Analytical Methods

       —Development of exposure monitoring systems,
      ,  instruments or devices for continuous and
        discontinuous sampling of inhalable
        particulates, for volatile organic compounds,
        and/or for indoor air pollution studies.

       —Development of advanced analytical methods
        for the direct analysis  of organic compounds in
        the gaseous and solid phases, for the rapid
        screening of samples for the presence of
        classes of organic compounds, and for the
        development of new sensitive and  selective
        detectors for gas and liquid chromatography.

    •  Indoor Air

       —Studies on potentially hazardous indoor air
        pollutants. Research should determine the

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        species and ranges of exposure concentrations
        for statistically significant samples of various
        indoor settings.

   •  Transport and Fate Studies

      —Studies of the physical structure and chemical
        composition of fine particulates. Studies on
        how these particulates are formed,
        transported, and removed from the
        atmosphere

      —Studies of the chemical and physical
        transformations of specific toxic and hazardous
        compounds (and their intermediates) in
        ambient air. Studies should include the
        elucidation of chemical mechanisms as well as
        focus on novel measurement methods for
        identifying these compounds in ambient air.

      —Assessment and quantification of the role of
        solid aerosols in atmospheric reactions.

      —Studies to assess whether anthropogenic
        emissions into the atmosphere have a
        significant effect on local or global climate.

   •  Modeling Studies

      —Continued development and refinement of
        receptor model and source apportionment
        techniques for estimating the concentrations
        of ambient pollutants attributable to specific
        sets of emission categories.

      —Development of reliable models for predicting
        ground based pollutant concentrations in
        complex terrain from single and multiple
        sources.

      —Studies on meteorological processes which
        figure prominently in  mathematical models of
        air pollution.

      —Development of models capable of quantifying
        pollutant concentrations or deposition rates
        over urban, mesoscale and large areas.
        Probabilistic modeling of atmospheric
        phenomena is important.

For further information, please contact:

        Louis G. Swaby, Ph.D.
        Science Review Administrator (RD-675)
        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
        401 M Street, SW
        Washington, DC 2046

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RESEARCH ON POLLUTION OF FRESHWATER,
MARINE/ESTUARINE WATERS, SOILS, GROUND-
WATERS, AND SEDIMENTS.

• Studies of transport and transformation
   processes in the surface and subsurface
   environment in order to predict the impact of
   surface conditions on ground-water systems.

   —Research is needed to identify and characterize
    the major transport and transformation
    mechanisms of wastes and other
    contaminants introduced into soil systems.

   —Research on the mechanism of and conditions
    for biological transformation  in the subsurface
    including methods for identifying and
    characterizing subsurface microorganisms.

 • Studies of the transport and fate of toxic
   chemicals in lakes, rivers, and estuarine waters
   with emphasis on providing information required
   for use in predictive exposure models.

   —Theoretical and experimental characterizations
     of adsorbing surfaces, the chemical nature of
     adsorbed species, the microbiological action at
     surfaces, and the environmental factors
     controlling the reaction rates of adsorbed
     species.

   —Studies on the rates and mechanisms for
     abiotic transformations of toxic chemicals in
     natural waters including the reactions
     involving naturally-occurring materials such as
     humic substances, and inorganic species such
     as trace metals and hydrogen peroxide.

 • Development of predictive water quality models
   and techniques of varying complexity for
   application to toxic substances, nutrients, anoxic
   conditions, and resuspension of dredged material
   after aquatic disposal.

   —Develop more efficient numerical methods for
     the solution of mathematical models.

   —Develop formal procedures to assign
     uncertainty to estimates provided by  models,
     and for comparing the results from models of
     different complexity.

 • Research in chemistry and physics to develop
   advanced analytical and monitoring techniques
   for increasing sample through-put, sensitivity
   and selectivity, and for field use.

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      —Develop methods for identifying and
        quantifying non-volatile compounds in complex
        mixtures, adsorbed or complexed inorganic
        species and the complexing agents, for
        separating and concentrating non-volatile
        organics adsorbed to other materials,  and for
        new sensitive and selective detectors for gas
        and liquid chromatography.

      —Develop new methods for screening a variety
        of samples for toxic substances and classes of
        organics and for monitoring waste streams.

      —Develop geophysical monitoring techniques
        applicable to the measurement of flow and
        migration rates of groundwater and leachate
        and for monitoring contamination of estuarine
        and ocean areas receiving waste discharges.

For further information, please contact:

        Louis G. Swaby, Ph.D.
        Science Review Administrator (RD-675)
        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
        401  M Street, SW
        Washington, DC 20460
        (202)382-7445
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           Minority Research Grant and Student
                     Fellowship Programs
Minority
Institutions
Assistance
(MIA)
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has initiated
a special assistance program entitled the Minority
Institutions Assistance (MIA) program. The objective of
the program is to award grant funds for the support of
exploratory research by faculty and to support
undergraduate/graduate fellowships for students
enrolled at eligible institutions. The principal purpose of
this program is to provide Federal assistance to
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU's) as
directed by Executive Order 12320, issued on
September 15, 1981.

Terms and Restrictions for Research Assistance

 • Consideration will be given only to applications
   submitted by institutions subject to Executive Order
   No. 12320, and identified by the Secretary of the
   Department of Education  as Historically Black
   Colleges and Universities.

 • In contrast to the regular  grants program,
   preapplication assistance is available upon request. A
   potential investigator may submit a preproposal for
   informal scientific review and determination of its
   relevance to Agency research goals.

 • The Application Form (5700-1 2), instructions and
   procedures are the same  as those used for EPA's
   regular research grants, except that "MIA" should  be
   typed in item (3) on the face page to identify the
   program to which the application is directed

 • All of the topic areas described previously for the
   regular research grant program are applicable to the
   MIA program.

Terms and Restrictions for Student Fellowship
Assistance

 • Consideration will be given only to applicants who
   are enrolled full-time and in good  standing with an
   eligible institution (HBCU).

 • The applicant must be a senior or  graduate student
   with a cumulative Grade  Point Average (GPA) of 3.0
   or  higher on a scale of 4.0.

 • All applications will be reviewed and evaluated for
   the following: (1) individual's orientation towards and
   commitment to a career in the Physical Sciences

                15

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   (Chemistry, Physics, Math, Engineering), Biological
   Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Computer
   Sciences; (2) Grade Point Average (GPA) verified by
   college transcript; (3) applicants' statement of
   objectives and personal goals; (4) recommendations
   by the sponsor and faculty; and (5) employment
   experience related to the field of study.

•  These Student Fellowship applications must be
   properly executed on EPA Forms. Failure to complete
   all forms with appropriate signatures will delay
   processing or disqualify the application. Each
   application must enter "MIA" in the upper lefthand
   corner of the face page, EPA Form 5770-4.

•  Applicants must be citizens of the United States, or
   its possessions, the U.S. Virgin Islands or Puerto
   Rico.

•  The Environmental Protection Agency reserves the
   right to limit the number of awards to a particular
   college or university.

For further information,  please contact:

        Walter  H. Preston
        Ombudsman, MIA
        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (RD-675)
        401  M Street, SW
        Washington, DC 20460
        (202)382-7445

        or

        Clyde C. Bishop, Jr.
        Science Review Administrator
               16

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              Part II: Request for Applications
Announcement
                 REQUEST FOR APPLICATIONS:  RFA # HR-01 -87
                 TITLE:  Mechanisms of Immune A Iterations Induced by
                 Environmental Pollutants
                 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                 APPLICA TION RECEIPT DA TE: December 7 7, 1986

                 I.  BA CKGROUND IN FORM A TION

                 The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is
                 responsible for protecting the human population from
                 the potential toxic effects of pollutants. This
                 responsibility is best achieved when the mechanism(s)
                 underlying toxic effects are understood. There are a
                 number of documented effects of environmental
                 pollutants on the immune system in animals. There is a
                 need to understand the mechanisms of these effects to
                 better evaluate the potential  human health  risks
                 resulting from exposure.

                 //.  GOALS AND SCOPE

                 The purpose of the RFA is to: investigate immunologic
                 mechanisms (e.g., immunologic regulation,  modulators,
                 etc.) by which environmental xenobiotics (e.g., drugs,
                 chemicals—benzene, etc.) alter the cellular  and
                 molecular aspects of the immune system of a host at
                 risk.

                 A successful proposal will delineate the cellular and
                 molecular mechanisms associated with alterations in
                 immunocompetence/immunoregulation. Examples of
                 areas that could be studied include:

                 • increased susceptibility to infectious agents,
                 • alterations in immunoregulatory circuits/factors,
                 • alteration of cellular and molecular functional
                    components of specific and/or non-specific
                    immunity,
                 • alteration in immune ontogeny,
                 • effects  on differentiation of lymphoid cells.

                 A proposal submitted in any of the above areas will be
                 considered equally responsive to this RFA.

                 ///. MECHANISMS OF SUPPORT

                 Assistance under this RFA will be through the U.S.
                 Environmental Protection Agency's Research Grants
                 Program, and thus limited to non-profit research
                 organizations and educational institutions.

                                 17

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Responsibility for the planning, direction, and execution
of the proposed research will be solely that of the
applicant. It is estimated that approximately $500,000
will be available from fiscal year 1987 funds for the first
year of support. It is expected that approximately five
proposals will be supported through these funds. The
project period request for support should not exceed
three years in duration. This RFA is for a single
competition with a  deadline of December 17, 1986, for
receipt of applications.

IV. REVIEW PROCEDURES AND CRITERIA

 A.  Review Procedures

     Applications in response to this solicitation will be
     reviewed together on a nationwide basis. The
     review will be conducted by a scientific peer panel
     which will evaluate and rank each proposal
     according to its scientific merit as a basis for
     recommending Agency approval or disapproval.
     The Panel will be  composed primarily of non-EPA
     scientists who are acknowledged experts in the
     area.

  B.  Review Criteria

     The applications will  be evaluated using the
     following  criteria:

     • Quality of  research plan (including theoretical
        and/or experimental design, originality, and
        creativity)

     • Qualifications of principal investigator and staff
        including knowledge of subject area

     • Potential contribution to scientific knowledge

     • Availability and adequacy of facilities and
        equipment

     • Budgetary justification

A written summary of the scientific review and
recommendation by the Panel will be provided each
applicant.

V. METHOD OF APPLYING

Application forms, instructions, and other pertinent
information are contained in the EPA Research Grant
Application/Information Kit. The kits are available from:

        Research Grants Staff
        Office of Exploratory Research (RD-675)
        Office of Research and Development
        U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
        401 M  Street, SW.
        Washington, DC 20460

               18

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                  The original and eight copies of the application must be
                  received no later than close of business, December 17,
                  1986, to be considered. The applications should be sent
                  to the above address for the attention of Dr. George R.
                  Simon.

                  VI. STAFF CONTACT

                  Questions  relating to this solicitation may be directed to
                  Dr. George R. Simon, (above address) or telephone (202)
                  382-7445.
Announcement
                  REQUEST FOR APPLICATIONS:  RFA
                  TITLE:  Effects of A ir Pollutants on Forests

                  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                  APPLICATION RECEIPT DATE:  January 9, 1987

                  I.  BA CKG ROUND IN FORM A TION

                  This RFA solicits research on the effects of
                  atmospherically deposited ozone, hydrogen peroxide,
                  metals, and organics on trees and forests.

                  Reports that atmospheric deposition was responsible for
                  a widespread decline of forests in Europe, and recent
                  reports of unexplained declines of forests in the U.S. are
                  largely responsible for national concern regarding the
                  possible effects of acidic deposition in this country.
                  Considerable research is underway in EPA and
                  elsewhere to determine the effects on forests of acid
                  rain (atmospherically deposited sulfur and nitrogen).
                  This RFA addresses areas not covered in the current
                  research program.

                  //.  GOALS AND SCOPE

                  Ozone concentrations are reported to cause foliar injury
                  and suppress the growth of sensitive tree species,
                  notably Ponderosa pine in southern California and
                  eastern white pine in eastern North America. There are
                  insufficient data, however, to define the nature, extent,
                  and magnitude of 63 effects on forests of the U.S. and to
                  predict future effects if Oa concentrations remain
                  constant, increase, or decrease. Forests are exposed to
                  other wet and dry atmospherically deposited pollutants
                  including HaOz metals, and organics that may be toxic at
                  ambient concentrations. Research is encouraged to
                  determine if ambient, or slightly elevated,
                  concentrations of these compounds (ozone, hydrogen,
                  peroxide, metals, and organics), alone or in combination
                  with other air pollutants, are toxic to forest vegetation.
                  Research should be primarily at the physiological or
                  predictive (modeling) level. For example, physiological
                  and biochemical studies could be conducted to

                                 19

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determine the mechanisms by which any or all
pollutants (03, H202, metals, organics) influence plant
performance. Studies could include rates of and factors
affecting pollutant uptake, carbon acquisition and
allocation, water use efficiency, and efficient  nutrient
acquisition and  utilization. Research could address the
physiological and ecological mechanisms underlying
variation in pollutant effects as a function of species,
genetics, and leaf and tree age. Studies could include
research to determine the influence of climactic or
edaphic factors  on plant response to the atmospherically
deposited pollutants as well as mechanisms whereby
pollutants render plants more or less susceptible to
environmental,  edaphic, and biotic stresses. Information
from the above  types of studies may be used with or
linked to physiological processes or tree models.


///. SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS TO THE APPLICANTS

Proposals should include'

  1.   Clearly stated hypotheses and relevant
     experimental questions.

  2.   Definition of data and analyses needed to
     scientifically evaluate the hypotheses and
     questions.

  3.   Estimated date that data would be available to
     EPA scientists in the form of a verified data  base,
     operational model, and or in  a draft report.

  4.   If appropriate, state the relationship of  your
     proposed  research with other ongoing,  relevant
     research (especially EPA research on crops  and
     forests). [For summaries of current forestry/crops
     research,  contact Director, ERL-Corvallis, 200
     S.W. 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333 or (503)
     757-4600/4609].

IV. MECHANISMS OF SUPPORT

Assistance under this RFA will be through the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency Research Grants
Program, and thus  limited to non-profit research
organizations and educational institutions.
Responsibility for the planning, direction, and execution
of the proposed research will be solely that of the
applicant. It is estimated that $600,000 or more will be
available from Fiscal Year 1987 funds for the first year
of support. It is  expected that approximately six
proposals will be supported through these funds.  The
project period request for support should not  exceed
three years in duration. This RFA is for a single
competition  with a deadline of January 9, 1987, for
receipt of applications.

                20

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V. REVIEW PROCEDURES AND CRITERIA

—Review Procedures

Applications in response to this solicitation will be
reviewed together on a nationwide basis. The review
will be conducted by a scientific peer panel which will
evaluate and rank each proposal according to its
scientific merit as a basis for recommending Agency
approval or disapproval. The Panel will be composed
primarily of non-EPA scientists who are acknowledged
experts in the area.

—Review Criteria

The applications will be evaluated using the following
criteria:

•  Quality of research plan (including theoretical and/or
   experimental design, originality, and creativity)

•  Qualifications of principal investigator and staff
   including knowledge of subject area

•  Potential  contributions to scientific knowledge

•  Availability and adequacy of facilities and equipment

•  Budgetary justification

A written summary of the scientific review and
recommendations by the Panel will be provided each
applicant.

VI. METHOD OF APPLYING

Applications forms, instructions, and other pertinent
information  are contained in the EPA Research Grant
Application/Information Kit. The kits are available from:

        Research Grants Staff
        Office of Exploratory Research (RD-675)
        Office of Research and Development
        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
        401 M Street, SW
        Washington, DC 20460

The original and eight copies of the application must be
received no  later than close of business, January 9,
1987, to be  considered. The applications should be sent
to the above address for the attention of

Dr. Louis Swaby.

VII. STAFF CONTACT

Questions relating to this solicitation may be directed to
Dr. Louis Swaby (above address) or telephone (202)
382-7445.

                27

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Appendix A:    Laboratories of The Office of Research and
                 Development, USEPA

                 Health Effects Research Laboratory
                 Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                 (919)541-2281

                 Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
                 P.O Box 15027
                 Las Vegas, NV89114
                 (702)798-2100

                 Water Engineering Research Laboratory
                 Cincinnati, OH 45268
                 (513)569-7951

                 Environmental Research Laboratory
                 South Ferry Road
                 Narragansett, Rl 02882
                 (401)789-1071

                 Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
                 Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                 (919)541-2106

                 Environmental Research Laboratory
                 Sabine Island
                 Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
                 (904)932-5311

                 Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory
                 Cincinnati, OH 45268
                 (513)569-7418

                 Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
                 Cincinnati, OH 45268
                 (513)569-7301

                 Environmental Research Laboratory
                 200 SW 35th Street
                 Corvallis, OR 97333
                 (503)757-4601

                 Environmental Research Laboratory
                 College Station Road
                 Athens, GA30613
                 (404)546-3154

                 Environmental Research Laboratory
                 6201  Congdon Boulevard
                 Duluth, MN 55804
                 (218)727-6692

                 Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory
                 Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                 (919)541-2191

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Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(919)541-2821

Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
P.O. Box 1198
Ada, OK 74820
(405)332-8800
               23
         •fr U.S.GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1986--646-116/40639

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Environmental Protection
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Center for Environmental Research
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