vvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Roberts Kerr Environmental
Research Laboratory
Ada OK 74820
EPA/600/8-88-001
January 1988
Research and Development
Interactive
Simulation of the
Fate of Hazardous
Chemicals During
Land Treatment of
Oily Wastes:
RITZ User's Guide
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EPA/600/8-88/001
January 1988
INTERACTIVE SIMULATION
OF THE
FATE OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
DURING
LAND TREATMENT OF OILY WASTES:
RITZ USER'S GUIDE
by
D.L. Nofziger, J.R. Williams,
Department of Agronomy
Oklahoma State University
Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078
and Thomas E. Short
CR-812808
Project Officer
Thomas E. Short
Processes and Systems Research Division
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
ROBERT S. KERR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ADA, OKLAHOMA 74820
U-", I":-' 1 ?;./''"I .ratal Protection Agci
F ' , V'bicry (5FL-16)
':- "' . ievborn St.-yet, Room 1670
CLuuugo, IL 60604
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DISCLAIMER
The information in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the
United States Environmental Protection Agency under cooperative agreement No.
CR-812808 to the National Center for Ground Water Research. It has been
subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review, and it has been
approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or
commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
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ABSTRACT
An interactive software system was developed to enable decision makers to
simulate the movement and fate of hazardous chemicals during land treatment of
oily wastes. The mathematical model known as the Regulatory and Investigative
Treatment Zone Model or RITZ was developed and published earlier by
Short(1985). The model incorporates the influence of oil in the sludge, water
movement, volatilization, and degradation upon the transport and fate of a
hazardous chemical. This manual describes the conceptual framework and
assumptions used by Short (1985) in developing the model. It then explains the
micro-computer hardware and software requirements, the input parameters for
the model, and the graphical and tabular outputs which can be selected.
Illustrations of the use of the software are also included. The computational
equations developed by Short (1985) are presented for completeness but are not
derived.
111
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FOREWORD
EPA is charged by Congress to protect the Nation's land, air and water
systems. Under a mandate of national environmental laws focused on air and
water quality, solid waste management and the control of toxic substances,
pesticides, noise and radiation, the Agency strives to formulate and implement
actions which lead to a compatible balance between human activities and the
ability of natural systems to support and nurture life.
The Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory is the Agency's center of
expertise for investigation of the soil and subsurface environment. Personnel
at the Laboratory are responsible for management of research programs to: (a)
determine the fate, transport and transformation rates of pollutants in the
soil, the unsaturated and the saturated zones of the subsurface environment;
(b) define the processes to be used in characterizing the soil and subsurface
environment as a receptor of pollutants; (c) develop techniques for predicting
the effect of pollutants on ground water, soil, and indigenous organisms; and
(d) define and demonstrate the applicability and limitations of using natural
processes, indigenous to the soil and subsurface environment, for the
protection of this resource.
This user's guide serves the purpose of instructing the user to the execution
of a software package based on the Regulatory and Investigative Treatment Zone
(RITZ) model. The guide should allow easy access to information critical to
the development of an understanding of the transport and fate of hazardous
chemicals applied during land treatment.
Clinton W. Hall
Director
Robert S. Kerr Environmental
Research Laboratory
IV
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction 1
Basic Concepts, Assumptions, and Limitations 1
Software Overview 4
Hardware and Software Requirements 6
Operating Conventions 6
Getting Started 9
Example of Software Use 11
- Introduction 11
- Parameter Entry 11
- Output Selection 16
- Output Examples 18
File Structure 43
References Cited 44
Appendix
- Mathematical Basis of Model 46
- Input Parameter Estimation 56
- Parameter Averaging 58
Index 60
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INTRODUCTION
The Regulatory and Investigative Treatment Zone Model, RITZ, (Short, 1985) was
developed to help decision makers systematically estimate the movement and
fate of hazardous chemicals during land treatment of oily wastes. The model
considers the downward movement of the pollutant with the soil solution,
volatilization and loss to the atmosphere, and degradation. The model
incorporates the influence of oil upon the transport and fate of the
pollutant. This RITZ model forms the basis of this interactive software
system. The software enables users to conveniently enter the required soil,
chemical, environmental, and management parameters and checks the validity of
these entries. The user may then select graphical and tabular outputs of the
quantities of interest.
This manual describes the basic concepts of RITZ and lists the inherent
assumptions. The manual, also, describes the use of the interactive software
and the hardware and software requirements for it. Illustrative examples of
the software are presented. The appendix includes a list of the mathematical
equations used in the software.
BASIC CONCEPTS, ASSUMPTIONS, AND LIMITATIONS
A land treatment site is illustrated in Figure 1. The treatment site consists
of two soil layers called the plow zone and the treatment zone. The sludge
(waste material) containing oil and pollutant is applied to the plow zone. It
is thoroughly mixed with the soil in that layer. As time passes the pollutant
and oil are degraded. Some of the pollutant is carried down through the soil
with percolating water. Some of the pollutant is volatilized and moves into
the air above the treatment site.
The following assumptions were made by Short(1985) in developing this model.
1. Waste material is uniformly mixed in the plow zone.
2. The oil in the waste material is immobile. It never leaves the plow
zone. Only the pollutant moves with the soil water.
3. The soil properties are uniform from the soil surface to the bottom of
the treatment zone. This assumption will rarely, if ever, be met in the
field. The user can estimate the impact of non-uniform soils by
comparing results for several simulations covering the range of soil
properties present at the site.
A. The flux of water is uniform throughout the treatment site and
throughout time. This assumption will rarely be met in the field.
5. Hydrodynamic dispersion is insignificant and can be neglected. This
assumption gives rise to sharp leading and trailing edges in the
pollutant slug. These sharp fronts will not exist in soils. As a result,
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Land Treatment Site
Rainfall
Pollutant
Vapor Losses
Evaporation
Sludge Applied to Plow Zone
Volatilization
Degradation
Leaching
- Soil Surface
- Plow Zone Depth
- Treatment Zone Depth
Pollutant
Leaching Losses
Figure 1. Diagram of land treatment site.
the pollutant will likely reach any depth in the treatment zone before
the time predicted and it will remain at that depth longer than
predicted by the model.
Linear isotherms describe the partitioning of the pollutant between the
liquid, soil, vapor, and oil phases. Local equilibrium between phases is
assumed.
First order degradation of the pollutant and oil are assumed.
Degradation constants do not change with soil depth or time. This
assumption ignores changes in biological activity with soil depth. It
also ignores the influence of loading rate, temperature, and the quality
of the environment for microorganisms upon the degradation rate.
The pollutant partitions between the soil, oil, water, and soil vapor
and does not partition to the remaining fractions of the sludge.
The sludge does not measurably change the properties of the soil water
or the soil so the pore liquid behaves as water.
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10. The water content of the soil is related to the hydraulic conductivity
as described by Clapp and Hornberger (1978). That is,
k/ks = (e/es)2b+3
where k is the hydraulic conductivity at a volumetric water content of
6, ks is the saturated hydraulic conductivity or the conductivity of the
soil at the saturated water content, 9S, and b is the Clapp and
Hornberger constant for the soil.
Field validation of the model is in progress. The user is cautioned to
consider the assumptions in the model and to apply the model only where
appropriate. The writers are aware the assumptions are only simplistic
approximations to the continuum of nature. Many of the assumptions were made
to either simplify the mathematical solution or because there was insufficient
experimental data to permit more realistic descriptions of the system.
The model presents results for the specific parameters entered without any
measure of uncertainty in the calculated values. The user is encouraged to
compare results for a series of simulations using parameters in the expected
ranges for the site to obtain an estimate of this uncertainty. For example, if
the site contains two soil layers, the user may want to run the simulation
twice, once for the soil properties of each layer.
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SOFTWARE OVERVIEW
The software can be divided functionally into the following three parts.
1. Parameter Entry
This part of the program enables the user to define the
land treatment system to be modeled. This includes
specification of the soil parameters, properties of the
pollutant and oil, and environmental and management
parameters. These user inputs can be made by means of a
data entry editor which allows the user to move the cursor
around the screen to enter or modify parameters in any
sequence. These inputs may be saved in disk files for use
at a later time. The values entered are verified as much
as possible as they are entered. When the user has
finished entering the parameters, a final check is made to
determine if the set of parameters is consistent as a
whole.
2. Output Selection
This part of the program enables the user to specify the
desired graphs and tables. The user may also specify the
desired output device. Tabular outputs from the model may
be directed to the screen, printer, or a text file. These
entries are also made by means of the data entry editor.
Graphical outputs available in this software include the
following:
1. A circle graph of mass balance indicating the
portions of the pollutant leached, volatilized, and
degraded.
2. A line graph of the pollutant volatilized as a
function of time.
3. A line graph of the pollutant leached below the
treatment zone as a function of time.
A. A line graph of the position of the top and bottom
of the pollutant as a function of time.
5. A line graph of the concentration of pollutant as a
function of time for selected depths.
6. A line graph of the concentration of pollutant as a
function of depth at selected times.
7. Bar graphs of the concentration of pollutant in
different phases as functions of time and depth.
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Tabular outputs include
1. Input soil, pollutant, oil, environmental, and
operational parameters.
2. Calculated parameters relating to the treatment
system.
3. The amount of pollutant volatilized, leached, and
degraded and the computational mass balance error.
4. The quantity of pollutant volatilized as a function
of time.
5. The quantity of pollutant leached below the
treatment zone as a function of time.
6. The position of the top and bottom of the pollutant
as a function of time.
7. The concentration of pollutant in different phases
as a function of time at selected depths.
8. The concentration of pollutant in different phases
as a function of depth at selected times.
3. Computations/Display
This part of the software performs the specified
calculation and displays the desired results.
When the software is executed, an introductory screen is displayed followed by
the parameter entry screens. When the user has finished entering the
parameters and the entries are verified, the output selection screen is
selected. When the desired outputs have been specified, the computations and
outputs are displayed. When all of the outputs have been displayed the system
returns to the output selection screen. This provides the user with the
opportunity to obtain additional outputs for the same input parameters. If no
additional outputs are desired, the user may return to the parameter entry
screen by pressing the key. Each time the user returns to the data entry
editor, the values selected most recently are displayed. Thus, only the
parameters to be changed need to be entered. Thus if a series of pollutants
are to be simulated for one treatment site, the soil, environmental, and
management parameters need to be entered only once. Repeated simulations can
be made easily by simply modifying the properties of the pollutant.
Illustrations of the operation of the software follow a description of the
operating conventions.
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HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
This software requires an IBM^ PC, XT, AT, or a compatible computer with at
least 256K bytes of random access memory, one floppy disk drive, and an 8087
or 80287 math coprocessor. An IBM color/graphics board and a compatible
monitor are required to fully utilize the software with graphics. A monochrome
card and monitor can be used for tabular output only. A printer is useful but
not essential. If the printer is compatible with the IBM graphics printer,
copies of the graphics may be printed.
The operating system must be PC-DOS or MS-DOS version 2.0 or later. The
GRAPHICS.COM file from your DOS diskette must be executed before executing
this software to obtain copies of the graphics on the printer.
OPERATING CONVENTIONS
The following conventions are used throughout this software.
1. Program Interruption; The user may interrupt the program at any time the
system is asking for an input by pressing the key. Control in the
program reverts to the previous data entry screen. If the key is
pressed from within the parameter entry option, the program is
terminated and control is returned to the disk operating system.
2. Special Keys: Cursor control keys and function keys are used in the data
entry editor. The keys and their functions are listed below.
This key is used to move up one line in the editor. If
the cursor is already on the first entry on the
screen, the cursor moves to the last entry on the
screen.
This key is used to move down one line in the editor.
If the cursor is already in the last entry on the
screen, the cursor moves to the first entry.
This key is used to move the cursor one character to
the right. If the cursor is at the right end of the
entry on the line, this key does nothing.
This key is used to move the cursor one character to
the left. If the cursor is under the left character in
the entry, this key does nothing.
This key moves the cursor from its present position to
the beginning of the last entry on the screen.
2. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines, Inc.
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This key moves the cursor from its present position to
the beginning of the first entry on the screen.
The parameter entry process requires three screens.
One screen is for soil properties, one for pollutant
and oil properties, and one for environmental and
operational parameters. In this case, the key
moves to the next screen in thee series. For example,
if the screen for soil properties is displayed,
pressing this key will display the pollutant and oil
properties screen. Pressing it again will display the
operational and environmental screen.
This key is used to move to the previous screen when
entering the land treatment site parameters.
This key is used to obtain brief help messages
relating to the parameter being entered.
This key is used to enter and calculate a weighted
average value of a soil parameter from values for
different soil depths. See the Appendix for details.
If the parameters entered into this model at one time
have been saved in a file, those values can be input
to the system from the file. The key enables the
user to specify the name of the input file. If the
file exists, its values are input and displayed by the
editor. If the file is not found, the values in the
editor remain unchanged. The user may view the
directory of a disk by pressing when the file
name is requested.
Parameters entered into the system can be saved in
disk files for use at another time. Pressing the
key enables the user to specify the name of an output
file. After the file is specified, the present soil,
chemical and environmental parameters are written to
disk. Pressing when the output file is requested
enables the user to view a disk directory.
This key is used to terminate data entry on a
particular screen and to proceed to the next phase of
the program.
This key is used to interrupt the present process and
to return to the previous data entry screen.
This key is used to terminate entry of a particular
parameter. Any characters to the right of the cursor
are truncated when the key is pressed.
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This key is used to delete one character to the left
of the cursor. If the cursor is at the beginning of
the entry, nothing is deleted.
This key is used to delete the character at the
present cursor location.
3. File Names; File names may be any legal MS-DOS file name. File
extensions may be used to facilitate organization of files.
4. Unknown Parameters: When entering parameters into the editor, the user
may signify that a value is unknown by entering only a period or decimal
point. Entering a period for an input parameter defining the land
treatment site will result in further prompting for the entry. In many
cases, the additional prompt will provide additional information about
the required parameter. It may also provide a method of estimating the
parameter from other parameters which may be known.
5. Specifying No Data: When tables or graphs of concentration as functions
of time or depth are selected as outputs, the user has opportunity to
specify 15 times or depths of interest. If fewer times or depths are
desired, 'no data1 can be specified for the remaining entries. No data
is specified by entering a period or decimal point instead of a number.
6. Copy Graphics On Printer: When graphs are displayed on the screen, they
can be printed on an IBM graphics printer or a compatible machine by
pressing the key or the and keys. The key
results in smaller copies of the screen. The GRAPHICS.COM must be
executed before RITZ if copies of graphs will be made.
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GETTING STARTED
Making a Working Copy; The software is distributed on a single diskette. The
first step is to make a working copy of the software. The original copy should
then be placed in a safe place. The following steps can be followed to make a
working copy.
Fixed Disk Systems
1. Make a new directory for the RITZ model using the
MKDIR command of DOS. For example:
MKDIR \RITZ
2. Copy the contents of the distribution diskette to
the new directory using the COPY command of DOS. If
the distribution diskette is in disk drive A, enter
the following command:
COPY A:*.* \RITZ /V
Floppy Disk Systems
1. FORMAT a new floppy diskette with the /S option. To
do this place your DOS diskette in drive A and a new
diskette in drive B. Then enter
FORMAT B;/S
2. If you have a color/graphics card, copy the
GRAPHICS.COM program from the DOS diskette to the
working diskette using the COPY command. To do this
enter
COPY A:GRAPHICS.COM B; /V
3. Copy the contents of the distribution diskette to
the new diskette using the COPY command. This can be
done by removing the DOS diskette in drive A and
replacing it with the distribution diskette and
entering the command
COPY A:*.* B; /V
Details on the use of the COPY, FORMAT, and MKDIR commands are given in your
DOS manual.
The software is distributed to run on a system with a color graphics card. If
your computer has this card, your working copy is now complete. If your
computer does not have this card, you will need to execute the configuration
program included on the diskette. To configure the software for a monochrome
system
1. In a floppy disk system, place the working diskette in the default disk
drive. In a fixed disk system, use the CD command to make the directory
containing the RITZ software the default directory.
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2. Execute program CONFIG by entering
CONFIG
The program will ask you to specify the type of monitor. Specify the
monitor matching that in your system. The program will modify the RITZ
software for your system. The software on the working diskette should
then be ready for use.
Executing the Program; To execute the program,
1. Place the floppy diskette in the default disk drive (or define the
directory containing the software to be the default directory).
2. Enter GRAPHICS to install the memory resident software for
printing graphics screens.
3, Enter RITZ to execute the model.
You may find it more convenient to make a batch file to execute steps 2 and 3
as one command. This file would contain the following lines:
GRAPHICS
RITZ
10
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EXAMPLE OF SOFTWARE USE
RITZ
REGULATORY AND INVESTIGATIVE TREATMENT ZONE MODEL
This software is designed to estimate the movement and fate of chemicals
applied as oily wastes in land treatment sites. The user is required to
enter the properties of the chemicals and oil in the waste material, the
soil properties of the treatment site, the management practices used,
and the relevant parameters describing the environment at the site.
Outputs of the model include the quantity of the pollutant degraded,
leached, and volatilized, the concentration of pollutant in the different
phases at different times and depths, and the quantity of pollutant
volatilized and leached as a function of time. Outputs may be displayed
in graphical and tabular forms.
This software was developed by D.L. Nofziger and J.R. Williams, Oklahoma
State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma. The software is based on a
mathematical model of the treatment zone developed by Thomas E. Short,
R.S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, Ada, Oklahoma.
Press any key to continue:
Screen 1. Purpose of the program.
Introduction; The first screen which appears when the software is run is
displayed in Screen 1. This gives the user the purpose of the software and the
individuals responsible for it.
Parameter Entry; This part of the software enables the user to define the
properties of the treatment site and chemicals. The data entry editor is used
for this purpose. (See OPERATING CONVENTIONS for details on the use of the
editor.) Three screens are used for these inputs. The and keys
can be used to move from one screen to another. Values shown in this manual
are for illustration only.
Screen 2 is the screen used for defining the soil properties of the treatment
site. Since the model assumes the soil at the treatment site is uniform with
depth, only one value is entered for each property. If the soil is not uniform
with depth, the user may obtain an average from known values at different
depths by pressing the key. The averaging scheme used is described in the
Appendix. If the site is not uniform from one position to another, the user
may obtain a spatial average for use in this model or the model may be run
several times for different smaller sites. The parameters to be entered on
this screen are
1. Identification code: This is simply a string of characters which serve
to identify this set of data for the user's reference. It is displayed
with outputs from the program.
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Identification code
Soil name
Fraction organic carbon
Bulk density, kg/m3
Saturated water content, m3/m3
Sat. hydraulic conductivity, m/day
Clapp and Hornberger constant
Soil Properties
Site //I
Tipton Sandy Loam
0.0050
1500
0.410
5.0000E-001
A.9000
,
Display help for entries
Average across depths
Input parameters from data file
Save parameters in output data file
Proceed - all entries made
Abort program
Edit other entry screens
Screen 2. Data entry screen for soil properties,
2. Soil name: This again serves to identify the soil at the treatment site.
3. Fraction organic carbon (fQc): This is the ratio of the mass of organic
carbon in the soil to the mass of soil solids.
4. Bulk density (p): This is the ratio of the mass of soil solids to the
total volume of the soil. That is, it is the ratio of the mass of solids
to the volume of solids, liquids, and gases in the soil.
5. Saturated water content (8C): This is the ratio of the volume of water
o
in the soil to the total volume of the soil when the soil pores are
filled with water.
6. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks): This is the hydraulic
conductivity of the soil when all of the soil pores are filled with
water. It is the constant of proportionality between the flux density
and the gradient in potential in Darcy's law.
7. Clapp and Hornberger constant (b): This is the constant in the equation
of Clapp and Hornberger (1978) relating the relative saturation of the
soil to the relative conductivity of the soil. That is
e/es = (k/ks)2b+3
where k is the hydraulic conductivity of the soil at a volumetric water
content 8 and kg is the saturated hydraulic conductivity at the
saturated water content, 9g.
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m3/Kg
Oil and Pollutant Properties
Name of pollutant in sludge
CAS number
Concentration of pollutant in sludge, g/k
Organic carbon partition coefficient,
Oil-water partition coefficient
Henry's law constant
Diffusion coef. of pollutant in air, ml/day
Half-life of pollutant, days
Concentration of oil in sludge, g/kg
Density of oil, kg/m3
Half-life of oil, days
Pollutant^l
123-4567
,OOOOE+000
.2000E-002
, OOOOE+001
.5000E-005
.3000E-001
, OOOOE+001
.5000E+002
.OOOOE+003
4.5000E+001
,
Display help for entries
Input parameters from data file
Save parameters in output data file
Proceed - all entries made
Abort program
Edit other entry screens
Screen 3. Data entry screen for pollutant and oil properties.
Screen 3 is used to enter the properties of the pollutant and the oil in the
waste material. These entries are described below.
1. Name of the pollutant in sludge: This is the name of the pollutant whose
properties are entered below. This name is for identifying output tables
and graphs.
2. CAS number: This unique Chemical Abstracts Number may be entered to
provide positive identification for the pollutant being modeled. This
number is also displayed with the outputs.
3. Concentration of pollutant in sludge (Sp): This is the concentration of
the pollutant in the sludge when it was applied to the soil.
4. Organic carbon-water partition coefficient (KQQ): This is the partition
coefficient between the pollutant in soil and water normalized to the
soil's organic carbon content. That is
where Cg and C^ are the concentrations of pollutant in the soil and
water, respectively, and
is the fraction organic carbon in the soil.
13
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5. Oil-water partition coefficient (KQ): This is the partition coefficient
for the pollutant between the oil and water phases.
That is
C0 = KoCW
where Cg and C^ are the concentrations of the pollutant in the oil and
water phases, respectively, and KQ is the oil-water partition
coefficient.
6. Henry's law constant (Kjj): This is the constant for partitioning the
pollutant between the vapor and water phases. That is
Cv = KHCW
where Cy and Cy are the concentrations of the pollutant in the vapor and
water phases, respectively.
7. Diffusion coef. of pollutant in air (D^): The diffusion coefficient of
the pollutant in air is used to determine pollutant losses in the vapor
phase.
8. Half-life of the pollutant (tip): This is the time required for one-half
of the original amount of pollutant to be transformed to some other
product. It is based on the assumption that the transformation follows
first-order or pseudo first-order kinetics.
9. Concentration of oil in the sludge (So): This is the concentration of
oil in the sludge at the time of application.
10. Density of oil (po): This is the density of the oil in the sludge. That
is, it is the mass of oil per unit volume of oil.
11. Half-life of oil (tio): This is the time required for one-half of the
original amount of oil in the sludge to be biologically degraded. It is
based on the assumption that the transformation of the oil in the sludge
will follow first-order kinetics.
Screen A is used to enter or edit data relating to the operation of the
treatment site and the environment at the site. The parameters needed include
the following:
1. Sludge application rate (SAR): This is the mass of sludge or waste
material applied per hectare of land area.
2. Plow zone depth (pzd): This is the depth to which the sludge or waste
material is incorporated. See Figure 1 for more information.
3. Treatment zone depth (tzd): This is the depth of the bottom of the soil
considered to be part of the treatment zone. Chemical movement below
this depth is lost from the system and is considered as leached.
A. Recharge rate (V^): This is the average downward flux density of water
through the treatment zone.
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Operational and Environmental Factors
Sludge application rate, kg/ha 1.5000E+005
Plow zone depth, m 0.150
Treatment zone depth, m 1.500
Recharge rate, m/day 0.0060
Evaporation rate, m/day 0.0025
Temperature, degrees C 25.0
Relative humidity 0.500
Diffusion coef. of water vapor in air, m2/day 2.0000E+000
,
Display help for entries
Input parameters from data file
Save parameters in output data file
Proceed - all entries made
Abort program
Edit other entry screens
Screen A. Data entry screen for operational and environmental factors.
5. Evaporation rate (E): This is the average flux density of water
evaporating from the soil.
6. Air temperature (T): This is the average air temperature at the site.
7. Relative humidity (RH): This is the average relative humidity at the
site expressed as a fraction (rather than a percent).
8. Diffusion coef. of water vapor in air (DVJ): This diffusion coefficient
of water vapor in air is used to estimate the vapor losses of the
pollutant.
The keyboard will be the primary method of entering parameters into the model.
However, the software enables the user to save manually entered values in data
files for use at a later time. This is done from within the data entry editor
by means of the and function keys as explained in the section on
OPERATING CONVENTIONS. When saving data, the system will request the name of
the output file from the user. It will then write the current values of the
input parameters in that file. When reading parameters from a file, the system
will prompt the user for the name of the input file. The data will then be
read and the editing screens updated to those values. When naming input and
output files, the user is advised to develop a system of names and extensions
which will facilitate identification of the file contents. When a file name is
requested, the user may press the key to view a directory of files.
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Output Options
Graphs:
Mass balance
Pollutant volatilized vs. time
Pollutant leached vs. time
Position of pollutant vs. time
Concentration vs. time at selected depths
Concentration vs. depth at selected times
Concentration bar graphs
Tables:
Input parameters
Calculated parameters
Mass balance
Pollutant volatilized vs. time
Pollutant leached vs. time
Position of pollutant vs. time
Concentration vs. time at selected depths
Concentration vs. depth at selected times
Output device for tables
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
SCREEN
Display help for entries
Proceed - all entries made
Abort option and return to parameter entry screen
Screen 5. Screen for selection of desired outputs from model.
Output Selection; This portion of the software enables the user to select the
types of outputs desired and the desired output device. This selection process
begins with Screen 5. If any concentration outputs are selected, one or two
additional screens are required to select the depths and times of interest.
The use of the three screens are illustrated in this section.
Screen 5 illustrates the selection of outputs from the model. For each option,
the user enters Y if that option is desired or N if it is not desired. In this
example, all the entries are Y to generate all the possible types of output.
The entries on Screen 5 are as follows:
1. Graphs:
a. Mass balance: This option displays a pie chart of the relative
amount of the pollutant degraded, leached, and volatilized.
b. Pollutant volatilized vs. time: This option displays a graph of
the flux density of pollutant removed from the treatment site in
the vapor phase as a function of time.
c. Pollutant leached vs. time: This option displays a graph of the
flux density of pollutant leached from the treatment zone as a
function of time.
d. Position of pollutant vs. time: This option displays a graph of
the location of the top and bottom of the pollutant as a function
of time.
16
-------
e. Concentration vs. time at selected depths: This option displays a
graph of the concentration of pollutant as a function of time at
one or more depths selected by the user using Screen 6. Graphs of
the total concentration of pollutant and concentrations in water,
soil, vapor, and oil phases are displayed sequentially. For each
phase, the software displays a depth and draws the line for that
depth. It then waits for the user to press a key. If that key is
not , , or the system will display the line for the
next depth selected. If is pressed, the remaining depths for
this phase are not drawn and the system proceeds to draw the graph
for the next phase. If is pressed, the screen is printed on
the printer. If is pressed, the system returns to Screen 5.
f. Concentration vs. depth at selected times: This option displays a
graph of the concentration of pollutant as a function of depth for
one or more times selected by the user using Screen 7. This option
operates in the same manner as the concentration vs. time graphs
described above.
g. Concentration bar graphs: This option presents a series of bars
representing the treatment zone. Within each bar the concentration
of pollutant in one phase at a particular time is displayed
qualitatively using one of six patterns. The bars are redrawn for
different times selected by the user (Screen 7). In this way the
user can see the change in depth and concentration of the
pollutant with changes in time. Different bars on the screen
represent the total concentration of pollutant, pollutant
concentration in water, soil, vapor, and oil, and the oil content.
2. Tables:
a.
Input parameters: This table displays the parameters entered by
the user to define the current scenario.
b. Calculated parameters: This table contains selected chemical and
physical parameters calculated from the input parameters.
c. Mass balance: This table lists the absolute and relative amounts
of pollutant degraded, volatilized, and leached along with the
mass balance error.
d. Pollutant volatilized vs. time: This is a table of the flux
density of pollutant leaving the treatment site in the vapor phase
as a function of time.
e. Pollutant leached vs. time: This is a table of the flux density of
pollutant leached from the treatment zone as a function of time.
f. Position of pollutant vs. time: This table displays the location
of the top and bottom of the pollutant slug at different times.
17
-------
Dept
Depth 1
Depth 2
Depth 3
Depth A
Depth 5
Depth 6
Depth 7
Depth 8
Depth 9
Depth 10
Depth 11
Depth 12
Depth 13
Depth 1A
Depth 15
s of Interest
meters
meters
meters
meters
meters
meters
meters
meters
meters
meters
meters
meters
meters
meters
meters
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
,
.
.
.
: Display help for entries
: Proceed - all entries made
: Abort option and return to output option screen
Screen 6. Selection of depths of interest for concentration tables and graphs.
g. Concentration vs. time at selected depths: This table contains the
total pollutant concentration, the concentration of pollutant in
water, soil, vapor, and oil, and the oil content at user selected
times and depths. These tables are structured so that
concentrations for all times at one depth occur on one page.
h. Concentration vs. depth at selected times: This table is similar
to that described above. It differs in that the output is
organized so that concentrations for all depths and one time occur
on one page.
i. Output device for tables: Tabular output can be displayed on the
screen or printer. It may also be saved in disk files for later
use. This line enable the user to specify the desired device.
Entries in this line may be SCREEN, PRINTER, or a legal file name.
If one or more of the concentration options is desired the depths or times
desired are entered using Screens 6 and 7, respectively. In each case the user
enters the depths or times of interest. A period indicates 'no data' or no
value.
Outputs of Model; The following pages illustrate the outputs from the RITZ
model for the inputs shown in screens 2, 3, and 4 and the outputs selected in
screens 5, 6, and 7. Graphical outputs were generated by pressing the key.
18
-------
Times of Interest
Time 1
Time 2
Time 3
Time 4
Time 5
Time 6
Time 7
Time 8
Time 9
Time 10
Time 11
Time 12
Time 13
Time 14
Time 15
days
days
days
days
days
days
days
days
days
days
days
days
days
days
days
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
75.00
100.00
: Display help for entries
: Proceed - all entries made
: Abort option and return to output option screen
Screen 7. Selection of times of interest for concentration table and graphs.
19
-------
Table 1. Table of input parameters describing land treatment site.
INPUT DATA - SOIL PROPERTIES
Fraction organic carbon : 0.0050
Bulk density (kg/m3) : 1500.0
Saturated water content (m3/m3) : 0.4100
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (m/day) : 5.0000E-001
Clapp and Hornberger constant : A.9000
INPUT DATA - OIL AND POLLUTANT PROPERTIES
Concentration of pollutant in the sludge (g/kg)
Organic carbon partition constant (m3/kg)
Oil-water partition coefficient
Henry's law constant
Diffusion coefficient of pollutant in air (m2/day)
Half-life of the pollutant (day)
Concentration of oil in the sludge (g/kg)
Density of the oil (kg/m3)
Half-life of the oil (day)
Diffusion coefficient of water vapor in air (m2/day)
.OOOOE+000
.2000E-002
.OOOOE+001
.5000E-005
.3000E-001
.OOOOE+001
.5000E+002
.OOOOE+003
.5000E+001
2.OOOOE+000
INPUT DATA - OPERATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Sludge application rate (kg/ha)
Plow zone depth (m)
Treatment zone depth (m)
Recharge rate (m/day)
Evaporation Rate (m/day)
Air Temperature (deg C)
Relative humidity
1.5000E+005
0.150
1.500
0.0060
0.0025
25.0
0.500
Identification Code: Site #1
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant#l
CAS Number: 123-4567
RITZ
20
-------
Table 2. Table of calculated parameters for site described in Table 1,
CALCULATED PARAMETERS
Ratio of the density of water vapor to liquid
Boundary layer thickness (m)
Soil-water partition coefficient (m3/kg)
Degradation rate constant of pollutant (I/day)
Degradation rate constant of oil (I/day)
Water content of soil (m3/m3)
Soil pore water velocity (m/day)
Initial oil content in the plow zone (g/m3)
Initial pollutant content in the plow zone (g/m3)
Air content of the soil (m3/m3)
Effective diffusion coefficient of
pollutant vapor in soil (m2/day)
Initial pollutant loading (g/m2)
2.3E-005
4.6E-003
1.1E-004
2.3E-002
1.5E-002
9E-001
1E-002
2.5E-002
1.OE+002
9.5E-002
9.9E-004
1.5E+001
2.
2.
BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT THE SYSTEM
Maximum residence of the pollutant in the plow zone (days) : 35
Maximum residence of the pollutant in the treatment zone (days) : 138
Treatment zone breakthrough time (days) : 102
Retardation factor in the lower treatment zone : 1.6E+000
Velocity of the pollutant in the lower treatment zone (m/day) : 1.3E-002
Identification Code: Site #1
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant//!
CAS Number: 123-4567
RITZ
21
-------
Table 3. Mass balance table summarizing the amount of pollutant degraded,
volatilized, and leached as well as the computational error.
Amount loaded
Amount degraded
Amount volatilized
Amount leached
Computational error
MASS BALANCE
Mass of Pollutant
g/m2
1.5E+001
1.4E+001
7.7E-003
9.4E-001
4.8E-009
Relative Amount
%
1 . OE+002
9.AE+001
5.1E-002
6.3E+000
3.2E-008
Identification Code: Site //I
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant#l
CAS Number: 123-4567
RITZ
MASS BALANCE
Lie AC lie dl
Mo 1 A* i 1 i
Co MX>U t-sttion-ail E**ir*o it* : O . OOOOX
Figure 2. Mass balance graph summarizing information in Table 3.
22
-------
Table A. The flux density of pollutant lost to the atmosphere as a function
of time.
Time
Flux
days g/m2-day
0.00 3.0E-001
1.55 5.7E-OOA
3.09 2.8E-OOA
A. 60 1
L.8E-OOA
6.09 1.3E-OOA
7.55 ]
L.1E-OOA
8.99 8.6E-005
10. Al 7.3E-005
11.80 6.2E-005
13.18 5.5E-005
1A.5A A.8E-005
15.87 A.3E-005
17.19 3.9E-005
18. A9 3.5E-005
Identification Code:
VAPOR FLUX
Time
days
19.78
21. OA
22.29
23.53
2A.75
25.95
27. 1A
28.32
29. A8
30.63
31.77
32.89
3A.01
35.11
Site //I
VERSUS TIME
Flux
g/m2-day
3.2E-005
3.0E-005
2.7E-005
2.5E-005
2.AE-005
2.2E-005
2.1E-005
1.9E-005
1.8E-005
1.7E-005
1.6E-005
1.5E-005
l.AE-005
l.AE-005
Time
days
A2.A2
A9.7A
57.05
6A.37
71.69
79.00
86.32
93.63
100.95
108.27
115.58
122.90
130.21
137.53
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant^ 1
CAS Number: 123-A567
i.OE+000
y l.OE-002
a
P
0
P i.OE-004
F
u
X l.OE-006
i.OE-008
0
Uapor
V
25
Flux
g/m2-day
7.0E-006
A.3E-006
2.8E-006
1.9E-006
l.AE-006
l.OE-006
7.6E-007
5.8E-007
A.AE-007
3.AE-007
2.6E-007
2.1E-007
1.6E-007
1.3E-007
RITZ
Flux (g/i*2 -day) versus Tine
^-^
50 75
^ .
100 125 15
Identification:
Siteftl
Soil Nane:
Tipton Sandy Loan
Pollutant Name:
Pollutant*!
CAS NuHber:
123-4567
0
Tine (days)
Figure 3. Graph of flux density of pollutant in vapor phase as a function of
time.
23
-------
Table 5. The flux density of pollutant leached below the treatment zone as a
function of time.
LEACHATE FLUX VERSUS TIME
Time Flux
days g/m2-day
102.42 3.3E-002
103.28 3.3E-002
104.14 3.2E-002
104.99 3.2E-002
105.85 3.2E-002
106.71 3.1E-002
107.56 3.1E-002
108.42 3.1E-002
109.27 3. OE-002
110.13 3. OE-002
110.99 3. OE-002
111.84 2.9E-002
112.70 2.9E-002
113.56 2.9E-002
Identification Code: Site
Time
days
114.41
115.27
116.12
116.98
117.84
118.69
119.55
120.41
121.26
122.12
122.97
123.83
124.69
125.54
//I
Flux
g/m2-day
2.9E-002
2.8E-002
2.8E-002
2.8E-002
2.7E-002
2.7E-002
2.7E-002
2.6E-002
2.6E-002
2.6E-002
2.6E-002
2.5E-002
2.5E-002
2.5E-002
Time
days
126.40
127.26
128.11
128.97
129.82
130.68
131.54
132.39
133.25
134.11
134.96
135.82
136.67
137.53
Flux
g/m2-day
2.5E-002
2.4E-002
2.4E-002
2.4E-002
2.3E-002
2.3E-002
2.3E-002
2.3E-002
2.2E-002
2.2E-002
2.2E-002
2.2E-002
2.1E-002
2.1E-002
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant//!
CAS Number: 123-4567
RITZ
l.OE+001
e l.OE+000
a
c
h
a
t l.OE-001
F
Ğ 1.OE-002
x
i.OE-003
1
Leachate Flux (s/i*2-daa) versus Time
105 110
115 120 125
Tim (days)
Identification:
Sitettl
Soil Nam:
Tipton Sandy Loan
Pollutant Nam:
Pallutantil
CAS
123-
r:
130 135 140
Figure 4. Graph of flux density of pollutant leached below the treatment
zone as a function of time.
24
-------
Table 6. The location of the top and bottom of the pollutant as a function
of time.
DEPTH OF BOTTOM AND TOP OF
Time Top Bottom
days m m
0.00 0.00 0.15
4.15 0.01 0.20
8.13 0.03 0.26
11.94 0.04 0.31
15.61 0.06 0.36
19.14 0.07 0.40
22.54 0.09 0.45
25.83 0.10 0.49
29.02 0.12 0.53
32.11 0.14 0.57
35.11 0.15 0.61
Identification Code: Site //I
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant//!
CAS Number: 123-4567
POLLUTANT
Time
days
35.11
45.35
55.59
65.83
76.08
86.32
96.56
106.80
117.05
127.29
137.53
VERSUS
Top
m
0.15
0.29
0.42
0.56
0.69
0.83
0.96
1.09
1.23
1.36
1.50
TIME
Bottom
m
0.61
0.75
0.88
1.02
1.15
1.29
1.42
> 1.50
> 1.50
> 1.50
> 1.50
RITZ
1.50
Slog Position versus Tin
H 1-
50 75 100
Tim (days)
125
Identification:
Siteffl
Soil Nam:
Tipton Sandy Loan
Pollutant Nam:
Pollutant*!
CAS
123-4567
150
Figure 5. Location of the top and bottom of the pollutant as a function of
time.
25
-------
Table 7. Concentration of pollutant in different phases and oil content as a
function of time at selected depths.
Depth = 0
Time
days
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
75.00
100.00
.000 meters
Total
Pollutant
g/m3
1 . OE+002
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE4-000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
CONCENTRATION PROFILE
Pollutant in
Water
g/m3
5.9E+001
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Soil
g/kg
6.5E-003
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Vapor
g/m3
3.2E-003
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Oil
g/m3
2.9E+003
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
Oil
Content
m3/m3
2.5E-002
2.1E-002
1.8E-002
1.6E-002
l.AE-002
1.2E-002
7.9E-003
5.4E-003
Identification Code: Site #1
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant#l
CAS Number: 123-4567
RITZ
Depth = 0.050 meters
CONCENTRATION PROFILE
Pollutant in
Time
days
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
75.00
100.00
lULdJ.
Pollutant
8/m3
1 . OE+002
7.9E+001
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
Water
g/m3
5.9E+001
5.2E+001
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
Soil
8/kg
6.5E-003
5.7E-003
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Vapor
g/m3
3.2E-003
2.9E-003
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Oil
g/m3
2 . 9E+003
2.6E+003
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
U1J.
Content
m3/m3
2.5E-002
2.1E-002
1.8E-002
1.6E-002
1.4E-002
1.2E-002
7.9E-003
5.4E-003
Identification Code: Site //I
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant#l
CAS Number: 123-4567
RITZ
26
-------
Table 7. Continued.
Depth = 0
Time
days
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
75.00
100.00
. 100 meters
Total
Pollutant
g/m3
1 . OE+002
7.9E+001
6.3E+001
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0. OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
CONCENTRATION PROFILE
Pollutant in
Water
g/m3
5.9E+001
5.2E+001
4.6E+001
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Soil
g/kg
6.5E-003
5.7E-003
5.0E-003
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
Vapor
g/m3
3.2E-003
2.9E-003
2.5E-003
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
Oil
g/m3
2.9E+003
2 . 6E+003
2.3E+003
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
Oil
Content
m3/m3
2.5E-002
2.1E-002
1.8E-002
1.6E-002
1.4E-002
1.2E-002
7.9E-003
5.4E-003
Identification Code: Site #1
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant//!
CAS Number: 123-4567
RITZ
Depth = 0.150 meters
CONCENTRATION PROFILE
Pollutant in
Time
days
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
75.00
100.00
iouaj.
Pollutant
g/m3
1. OE+002
7.9E+001
6.3E+001
5.0E+001
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
Water
g/m3
5.9E+001
5 . 2E+001
4.6E+001
4.0E+001
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
Soil
g/kg
6.5E-003
5.7E-003
5.0E-003
4.4E-003
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Vapor
g/m3
3.2E-003
2.9E-003
2.5E-003
2.2E-003
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Oil
g/m3
2.9E+003
2.6E+003
2.3E+003
2.0E+003
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
U10.
Content
ra3/m3
2.5E-002
2.1E-002
1.8E-002
1.6E-002
1.4E-002
1.2E-002
7.9E-003
5.4E-003
Identification Code: Site //I
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant//!
CAS Number: 123-4567
RITZ
27
-------
Table 7. Continued.
Depth = 0
Time
days
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
75.00
100.00
.250 meters
Total
Pollutant
g/m3
O.OE+000
2.2E+001
1.9E+001
1.7E+001
1.5E+001
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
CONCENTRATION PROFILE
Pollutant in
Water
g/m3
0 . OE+000
4.8E+001
4.2E+001
3.7E+001
3.3E+001
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Soil
g/kg
O.OE+000
5.3E-003
4.7E-003
A.1E-003
3.6E-003
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
Vapor
g/m3
O.OE+000
2.6E-003
2.3E-003
2.1E-003
1.8E-003
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Oil
g/m3
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
Oil
Content
m3/m3
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
Identification Code: Site //I
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant//!
CAS Number: 123-4567
RITZ
Depth = 0.500 meters
CONCENTRATION PROFILE
Pollutant in
Time
days
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
75.00
100.00
lotaj.
Pollutant
g/m3
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
1.4E+001
1.2E+001
1.1E+001
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Water
g/m3
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
3.0E+001
2.7E+001
2.4E+001
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
Soil
g/kg
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
3.4E-003
3.0E-003
2.6E-003
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Vapor
g/m3
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
1.7E-003
1.5E-003
1.3E-003
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Oil
g/m3
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
VJiJ.
Content
m3/m3
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
Identification Code: Site //I
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant//1
CAS Number: 123-4567
RITZ
28
-------
Table 7. Continued.
Depth = 0
Time
days
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
75.00
100.00
.750 meters
Total
Pollutant
g/m3
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0. OE+000
0 . OE+000
8 . 8E+000
6.4E+000
0 . OE+000
CONCENTRATION PROFILE
Pollutant in
Water
g/m3
0. OE+000
0 . OE+000
0. OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
1.9E+001
1.4E+001
0 . OE+000
Soil
g/kg
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
2.1E-003
1.6E-003
0. OE+000
Vapor
g/m3
0 . OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
1.1E-003
7.8E-OOA
0. OE+000
Oil
g/m3
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0 . OE+000
0. OE+000
Oil
Content
m3/m3
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0 . OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0 . OE+000
0. OE+000
Identification Code: Site #1
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant//!
CAS Number: 123-4567
RITZ
Depth = 1.000 meters
CONCENTRATION PROFILE
Pollutant in
Time
days
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
75.00
100.00
lotaj.
Pollutant
g/m3
0 . OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0 . OE+000
0. OE+000
5.3E+000
0 . OE+000
Water
g/m3
0 . OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0 . OE+000
1.2E+001
0. OE+000
Soil
g/kg
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
1.3E-003
0. OE+000
Vapor
g/m3
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
6.4E-004
0. OE+000
Oil
g/m3
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0 . OE+000
0. OE+000
U1JL
Content
m3/m3
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0 . OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
0. OE+000
Identification Code: Site //I
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant//!
CAS Number: 123-4567
RITZ
29
-------
Table 7. Continued.
Depth = 1
Time
days
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
75.00
100.00
.250 meters
Total
Pollutant
g/m3
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
3 . 2E+000
CONCENTRATION PROFILE
Pollutant in
Water
g/m3
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
7 . OE+000
Soil
8/kg
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
7.7E-004
Vapor
g/m3
0, OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
3.8E-004
Oil
8/m3
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
Oil
Content
m3/m3
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
Identification Code: Site //I
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant//!
CAS Number: 123-4567
RITZ
Depth = 1.500 meters
CONCENTRATION PROFILE
Pollutant in
Time
days
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
75.00
100.00
Louax
Pollutant
g/m3
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Water
g/m3
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
Soil
g/kg
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
Vapor
g/m3
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
Oil
g/m3
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
U1J.
Content
m3/m3
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
Identification Code: Site //I
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant#l
CAS Number: 123-4567
RITZ
30
-------
Concentration of Pollutant (g/iğ3) ws
i.OE+003
C l.OE+001
D
n
c
e l.OE-001
n
V
* i.OE-003
i
o
" l.OE-005
1 rtr-rtrt-7
Total
J 1
'
25 50
Tine (days)
Identification:
Sitettl
Soil Nam:
Tipton Sandy LOAM
Pollutant Nam:
Pollutant*!
CAS Hunker:
123-4567
150
Figure 6. Concentration of total pollutant as a function of time for depths
of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 meters.
Concentration of Pollutant (g/i*3) vs Tine
C l.OE+001
o
n
c
e l.OE-001
n
t
r
* i.OE-003
i
0
" l.OE-005
t rtr-rtA7.
" -"- - T- -^- Ğ
Uater
,
.
25 50 75 100
Tim (days)
125
Identification:
Si tettl
Soil Nam:
Tipton Sandy Loan
Pollutant Nam:
Pollutant*!
CAS NuMber:
123-4567
150
Figure 7. Concentration of pollutant in water as a function of time for
depths of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 meters.
31
-------
Concentration of Pollutant (0/kg) us Tine
J. . Vğ~ W4.
C l.OE-003
0
n
c
e i.OE-005
n
t
p
a i.OE-007
T
i
o
n l.OE-009
1 -OF-OH
Soil
I
Identification:
Sitettl
Soil Name:
Tipton Sandy Loan
Pollutant Nam:
Pollutant*!
CAS Number:
123-4567
25 50 75 100
Tim (dags)
125 150
Figure 8. Concentration of pollutant in soil as a function of time for
depths of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 meters.
Concentration of Pollutant (g/*3) vs Tine
A . VI.-VVJ.
C l.OE-003
0
n
c
e i.OE-005
n
t
p
ğ l.OE-00?
t
i
0
n l.OE-009
1 AF-A1 1
Uapor
25 50 75 100 125
Tim (days)
Identification:
Sitettl
Soil Nam:
Tipten Sandy Loan
Pollutant Nam:
Pollutanttti
150
Figure 9. Concentration of pollutant in vapor as a function of time for
depths of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 meters.
32
-------
i.OE+004
Concentration of Pollutant (g/w3) us Time
C l.OE+002
o
n
e l.OE+000
n
t
p
a l.OE-002
i
o
" l.OE-004
l.OE-006
Oil
25 50 75
Tine (days)
100
125
Identification:
Site*!
Soil Name:
Tipton Sandy Loan
Pollutant Nam:
Pollutant*!
CAS Number:
123-4567
150
Figure 10. Concentration of pollutant in oil as a function of time for depth
of 0.1 meters. Curves for 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 meter depths are not
visible since the concentration at these depths is zero.
Oil Content (n3/i*3) \>s Tine
1 . OE-001
C l.OE-003
0
n
c
e l.OE-005
n
t
p
* l.OE-007
t
i
0
n i.OE-009
l.OE-Oli
1 1 1 1 1 _
25 50 75 100
Tine (days)
125
Identification:
Sitettl
Soil Naite:
Tipton Sandy Loam
Pollutant Nam:
Pollutant*!
CAS Number:
123-4567
150
Figure 11. Oil content as a function of time for depths of 0.1 meters. Oil
content curves for 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 meter depths are not shown
since the oil content is zero below the plow zone.
33
-------
Table 8. Concentration of pollutant in various phases and oil content as a
function of depth at selected times.
Time = 0.
Depth
m
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.250
0.500
0.750
1.000
1.250
1.500
00 days
Total
Pollutant
g/m3
1 . OE+002
l.OE+002
1. OE+002
1 . OE+002
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
CONCENTRATION PROFILE
Pollutant in
Water
g/m3
5.9E+001
5.9E+001
5.9E+001
5.9E+001
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Soil
g/kg
6.5E-003
6.5E-003
6.5E-003
6.5E-003
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
Vapor
g/m3
3.2E-003
3.2E-003
3.2E-003
3.2E-003
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
Oil
g/m3
2.9E+003
2.9E+003
2.9E+003
2.9E+003
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Oil
Content
m3/m3
2.5E-002
2.5E-002
2.5E-002
2.5E-002
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Identification Code: Site //I
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant#l
CAS Number: 123-4567
RITZ
Time = 10.00 days
CONCENTRATION PROFILE
Pollutant in
Depth
m
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.250
0.500
0.750
1.000
1.250
1.500
louaa.
Pollutant
g/m3
O.OE+000
7.9E+001
7.9E+001
7.9E+001
2.2E+001
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
Water
g/m3
0 . OE+000
5.2E+001
5.2E+001
5.2E+001
4.8E+001
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Soil
g/kg
0 . OE+000
5.7E-003
5.7E-003
5.7E-003
5.3E-003
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Vapor
g/m3
0 . OE+000
2.9E-003
2.9E-003
2.9E-003
2.6E-003
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Oil
g/m3
O.OE+000
2.6E+003
2.6E+003
2.6E+003
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
VJ1.L
Content
m3/m3
2.1E-002
2.1E-002
2.1E-002
2.1E-002
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
Identification Code: Site #1
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant//!
CAS Number: 123-4567
RITZ
34
-------
Table 8. Continued.
Time = 20
Depth
m
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.250
0.500
0.750
1.000
1.250
1.500
.00 days
Total
Pollutant
g/m3
O.OE4-000
O.OE+000
6.3E+001
6.3E+001
1.9E+001
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
CONCENTRATION
PROFILE
Pollutant in
Water
g/m3
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
4.6E+001
4.6E+001
4.2E+001
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Soil
g/kg
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
5.0E-003
5.0E-003
4.7E-003
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
Vapor
g/m3
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
2.5E-003
2.5E-003
2.3E-003
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
Oil
g/m3
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
2.3E+003
2.3E+003
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
Oil
Content
m3/m3
1.8E-002
1.8E-002
1.8E-002
1.8E-002
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
Identification Code: Site #1
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant//!
CAS Number: 123-4567
RITZ
Time = 30.00 days
CONCENTRATION PROFILE
Pollutant in
Depth
m
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.250
0.500
0.750
1.000
1.250
1.500
J-OUeU.
Pollutant
g/m3
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
5.0E+001
1.7E+001
1.4E+001
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
Water
g/m3
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
4.0E+001
3.7E+001
3.0E+001
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
Soil
g/kg
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
4.4E-003
4.1E-003
3.4E-003
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
Vapor
g/m3
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
2.2E-003
2.1E-003
1.7E-003
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
Oil
g/m3
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
2.0E+003
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
uxx
Content
m3/m3
1.6E-002
1.6E-002
1.6E-002
1.6E-002
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
Identification Code: Site //I
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant//!
CAS Number: 123-4567
RITZ
35
-------
Table 8. Continued.
Time = AO
Depth
m
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.250
0.500
0.750
1.000
1.250
1.500
.00 days
Total
Pollutant
g/m3
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
1.5E+001
1.2E+001
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
CONCENTRATION PROFILE
Pollutant in
Water
g/m3
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
3.3E+001
2.7E+001
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
Soil
8/kg
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
3.6E-003
3.0E-003
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
Vapor
g/m3
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
1.8E-003
1.5E-003
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
Oil
g/m3
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 .OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
Oil
Content
m3/m3
1.4E-002
1.4E-002
1.4E-002
1.4E-002
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
Identification Code: Site #1
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant//1
CAS Number: 123-4567
RITZ
Time = 50.00 days
CONCENTRATION PROFILE
Pollutant in
Depth
m
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.250
0.500
0.750
1.000
1.250
1.500
lotax
Pollutant
g/m3
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
1.1E+001
8 . 8E+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
Water
g/m3
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
2.4E+001
1.9E+001
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
Soil
g/*g
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
2.6E-003
2.1E-003
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Vapor
g/m3
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
1.3E-003
1.1E-003
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
Oil
g/m3
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
Ul-L
Content
m3/m3
1.2E-002
1.2E-002
1.2E-002
1.2E-002
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
Identification Code: Site //I
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant//!
CAS Number: 123-4567
RITZ
36
-------
Table 8. Continued.
Time = 75
Depth
m
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.250
0.500
0.750
1.000
1.250
1.500
.00 days
Total
Pollutant
g/m3
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
6.4E+000
5 . 3E+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
CONCENTRATION PROFILE
Pollutant in
Water
g/m3
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
1.4E+001
1.2E+001
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Soil
g/kg
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
1.6E-003
1.3E-003
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Vapor
g/m3
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
7.8E-004
6.4E-004
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
Oil
g/m3
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
Oil
Content
m3/m3
7.9E-003
7.9E-003
7.9E-003
7.9E-003
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
Identification Code: Site //I
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant//!
CAS Number: 123-4567
RITZ
Time = 100.00 days
CONCENTRATION PROFILE
Pollutant in
Depth
m
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.250
0.500
0.750
1.000
1.250
1.500
louaj.
Pollutant
g/m3
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
3 . 2E+000
O.OE+000
Water
g/m3
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
7. OE+000
O.OE+000
Soil
g/kg
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
7.7E-004
0 . OE+000
Vapor
g/m3
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
3.8E-004
0 . OE+000
Oil
g/m3
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
Uli
Content
m3/m3
5.4E-003
5.4E-003
5.4E-003
5.4E-003
0 . OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
O.OE+000
0 . OE+000
Identification Code: Site //I
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loam
Compound Name: Pollutant//!
CAS Number: 123-4567
RITZ
37
-------
Concentration of Pollutant (g/i*3) us Depth
i.ottggj
C l.OE+001
o
n
c
e l.OE-001
n
* l.OE-003
i
o
n l.OE-005
1 ftF-ft/VJ
^|
Total
,
Identification:
Sitettl
Soil Name:
Tipton Sandy Loan
Pollutant Nam:
Pollutant*!
CAS Hunker:
123-4567
0.00 0.2S 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
Depth (M)
Figure 12. Concentration of total pollutant as a function of depth for times
of 10, 50, and 100 days.
Concentration of Pollutant (g/i*3) us Depth
X. VATVVJ
C l.OE+001
0
n
c
l.OE-001
n
p
ğ l.OE-003
i
o
" l.OE-005
i Mf-eavj
i i
Mater
Identification:
Sitettl
Soil Nam:
Tipton Sandy Loan
Pollutant Nam:
Pollutant*!
CAS Number:
123-4567
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
Depth (n)
Figure 13. Concentration of pollutant in water as a function of depth for
times of 10, 50, and 100 days.
38
-------
Concentration of Pollutant (g/kg) us Depth
i . Vft-VVl
C i.OE-003
0
n
Q
* l.OE-005
n
t
p
* i.OE-007
i
0
" i.OE-009
i AF-AI i .
Soil
Identification:
Site*!
Soil Nam:
Tipton Sandy Loan
Pollutant Name:
Pollutant*!
CAS Hunker:
123-4567
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
Depth (N)
Figure 14. Concentration of pollutant in soil as a function of depth for
times of 10, 50, and 100 days.
Concentration of Pollutant
-------
Concentration of Pollutant (g/i*3) gs Depth
1 . Uit-W*
C i.OE+002
0
n
c
i.OE+000
n
T
a l.OE-002
i
0
n l.OE-004
1At>_AAC
VIi vVO
0.
Oil
00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.
Identification:
Sitettl
Soil Nam:
Tipton Sandy Loan
Pollutant Nam:
Pollutant*!
CAS Number:
123-4567
50
Depth (H)
Figure 16. Concentration of pollutant in oil as a function of depth for 10
days after application. Note the concentration decreases to zero
at the plow zone depth. The concentration was zero at 50, and 100
days.
l.OE-001
C i.OE-003
o
n
e l.OE-005
n
t
p
Ğ l.OE-007
i
n l.OE-OW
l.OE-011
Oil Content (1*3/1*3) vs Depth
H 1 1 1 I
0.00 0.25
0.50 0.75
Depth (N)
1.00 1.25
Identification:
Siteil
Soil Name:
Tipton Sandy Loan
Pollutant Nam:
Pollutant*!
CAS Number:
123-4567
1.50
Figure 17. Oil content as a function of depth for times of 10, 50, and 100
days. The oil does not move downward but the oil content
decreases due to degradation.
40
-------
Time: 10.00 days
Depth =O.OE+000
>1.0E+001 >1.0E+000 H.OE-001
>1.0E-003
Figure 18. Concentration bar graphs representing the pollutant and oil in
the treatment zone at a time of 10 days. The concentrations
represented by the patterns in each phase can be displayed by
pressing the key.
Tine: 30.00 days
Soil Nane: Tipton Sandy Loan
CAS Number: 125-4567
Concentration of Pollutant
Soil
Uapor
Oil
Oil
Content
n
1.50
Pattern description for total concentration of pollutant (g/n3).
>1.0E+001 H.OE+000 >1.0E-obi >1.0E-002 >1.0E-003 >=O.
Figure 19. Concentration bar graphs for 30 days.
-------
Tim: 50.00 days
Soil Name: Tipton Sandy Loan
CAS Hunter: 123-4567
-Concentration of Pollutant
Total Hater Soil Uapor
Oil
0.25|
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
Pattern description fop concentration of pollutant in water (g/nS).
>5.9E+000 >5.9E-001
Oil
Content
n
>5.9E-
>5.9E-003 >5.9E-C
>=O.OE+000
Figure 20. Concentration bar graphs for 50 days.
Time: 100.00 days
Soil Nane1. Tipton Sandy Loan
CAS Hunker: 123-4567
-Concentration of Pollutant
Hater
Soil
Uapor
Oil
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
Pattern description for concentration of pollutant in water (g/n3)
I BB
>5.9E+000 >5.9E-001 >5.9E-OOi
Oil
Content
n
>5.9E-C
>5.9E-C
>=0.
Figure 21. Concentration bar graphs for 100 days.
A2
-------
FILE STRUCTURE
Disk files are used in this software for two purposes. The first is to store
input parameters entered at one time for use at another time. The second is
for storing output tables for later printing or display or for use in other
documents.
The input parameter files are made up of a single record of binary
information. The record is composed of parameters in the sequence listed in
screens 2, 3, and 4. All numeric entries are stored as floating point values.
All alphanumeric entries are stored as strings.
Tabular data stored in files are written as text in ASCII characters.
A3
-------
REFERENCES CITED
1. Clapp, Roger B. and George M. Hornberger. 1978. Empirical equations for
some soil hydraulic properties. Water Resources Research 14: 601-604.
2. Jury, W.A., W.F. Spencer, and W.J. Farmer. 1983. Behavior assessment
model for trace organics in soil:Model description. J. Environ. Qual.
12:558-564.
3. Laskowski, D.A., C.A.I. Goring, P.J. McCall, and R.L. Swann. 1982.
Terrestrial environment. In Environmental Risk Analysis for Chemicals,
R.A. Conway (Ed.). Van Nostrand-Reinhold Co., NY. pp 198-240.
4. Karickhoff, Samuel W. 1981. Semi-empirical estimation of sorption of
hydrophobic pollutants on natural sediments and soils. Chemosphere
10:833-846.
5. Karickhoff, S.W., D.S. Brown, and T.A. Scott. 1979. Sorption of
hydrophobic pollutants on natural sediments and soils. Water Research
13:241-248.
6. Millington, J.R. and J.M. Quirk. 1961. Permeability of porous solids.
Trans Faraday Soc. 57:1200-1207.
7. Ralston, Anthony. 1965. A First Course In Numerical Analysis, McGraw-
Hill Book Co., New York, pp 121-129.
8. Short, Thomas E. 1985. Movement of contaminants from oily wastes during
land treatment. Proceedings of Conference on Environmental and Public
Health Effects of Soils Contaminated with Petroleum Products, Amherst,
MA.
9. Swartzendruber, Dale. 1960. Water flow through a soil profile as
affected by the least permeable layer. J. of Geophysical Research
65:4037-4042.
10. Verschuren, K. 1983. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic
Chemicals. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, New York., 1310 pp.
44
-------
APPENDIX
45
-------
MATHEMATICAL BASIS OF RITZ
This section summarizes the mathematical equations used in this version of the
RITZ software. They are presented for your information only. No attempt is
made here to explain the mathematical derivations of these equations. See
Short(L985) for those derivations.
Total Pollutant Concentration; The total concentration of the pollutant
Cf(x,t) at position x and time t is given by
C.p(x,t) = 0 for x < top of pollutant slug
Crj.(x,t) = Gjoexp(-Mpt) for top of pollutant slug < x < pzd
CT(x,t) = CToRexp(-upt)/(R + RTexp(-uo(t-(x-pzd)/Vp)))
for pzd < x < bottom of pollutant slug
Gji(x,t) = 0 for x > bottom of pollutant slug
where
C
-------
The retardation factor, R, is given by
R = i + (PKD + (es - e)%) / e
where
p is the bulk density of the soil,
8 is the water content of the soil on a volume basis,
6g is the saturated water content of the soil on a volume basis,
KQ is the partition coefficient for pollutant in the soil, and
Kg is the dimensionless value of Henry's Law constant, (CV/CW.
The partition coefficient is given by Kp = KQ^fQ^ where KQQ is the organic
carbon partition coefficient and fQ£ is the fractional organic carbon content
of the soil.
The parameter RIJ. is given by
RT = <£>0(K0 - KH) / 6
where
<$o is the initial oil content or the volume fraction occupied by oil, and
KQ is the partition coefficient for oil.
The volumetric water content of the soil, 6, is given by
e = es[vd/ks]i/(2b+3)
where
V^ is the recharge rate,
kg is the saturated conductivity of the soil, and
b is the Clapp and Hornberger constant for the soil.
The velocity of the pollutant in the lower treatment zone, Vp, is given by
Vp = Va / R
where Va = V^/8 is the aqueous or pore water velocity.
47
-------
Pollutant Concentration in Water: The concentration of pollutant in water,
x,t) at position x and time t is given by
C^(x,t) = 0 for x < top of pollutant slug
Cw(x,t) = CT(x,t) / 9(R + RTexp(-M0t))
for top of pollutant slug < x < pzd
Cw(x,t) = CT(x,t) / R6 for pzd < x < bottom of pollutant slug
,t) = 0 for x > bottom of pollutant slug
where all the symbols are those defined for the total pollutant concentration.
Cy(x,t) is the mass of pollutant in water per unit volume of water. In this
software these units are grams of pollutant per cubic meter of water.
Concentration of Pollutant in Soil: The concentration of the pollutant in the
soil phase Cg(x,t) at position x and time t is given by
Cs(x,t) = KDCw(x,t)
where
KJJ is the soil:water partition coefficient for the pollutant and
Cyj(x,t) is the concentration of pollutant in water.
Cs(x,t) is the mass of pollutant in water per unit mass of soil solids. In
this software these units are grams of pollutant per kilogram of soil.
Concentration of Pollutant in Vapor; The concentration of the pollutant in the
vapor phase Cy(x,t) at position x and time t is given by
Cv(x,t) = KHCw(x,t)
where
KJJ is the dimensionless (Henry's Law) vapor :water partition coefficient and
,t) is the concentration of pollutant in water.
Cy(x,t) is the mass of pollutant per unit volume of vapor. In this software
these units are grams of pollutant per cubic meter of vapor.
48
-------
Concentration of Pollutant in Oil: The concentration of pollutant in the oil
phase C0(x,t) at position x and time t is given by
C0(x,t) = KoC^U.t) for x < pzd
C0(x,t) =0 for x > pzd
where
K0 is the dimensionless oil: water partition coefficient for the pollutant,
pzd is the depth of the plow zone, and
C^(x,t) is the concentration of the pollutant in water.
CQ(x,t) is the mass of pollutant per unit volume of oil. In this software
these units are grams of pollutant per cubic meter of oil.
Oil Content; The oil content *(t) in the plow zone at time t is the volume of
oil per unit volume of soil and is given by
= o is given by
-------
RT/R)exP[M0Xtop/vp ' F(xtOp)J ' RT/R>
for 0 < xtop < pzd
(xtop ' Pzd)/Vp - G(xtop)
for pzd < xtop < tzd
where
F(xtop) = UoaV-ilnd + xt /g),
-
top o t ,
G(xtop) = aV-llnKg + xtop}/(g 4- pzd)],
g = DS6/DA + a,
a = KHDs/Va8,
D^ is the diffusion coefficient of the pollutant vapor in air,
Dg is the diffusion coefficient of the pollutant vapor in the soil,
5 is the thickness of the stagnant boundary layer above the soil, and
tzd is the depth of the treatment zone.
Although the equations above hold for all depths, numerical overflow occurs in
the first equation when Moxtop/Vp is very large. In this case, an approximate
form of the equation is used which is
RT/R)}
for 0 < xtop < pzd.
The diffusion coefficient of the pollutant in the soil, Dg is given by
DS =
where n is the ini ;ial air content of the soil (Millington and Quirk, 1961).
The thickness of the stagnant boundary layer (Jury et al., 1983) is given by
6 = Dv/Pwvd - RH)/2EpWL
where
Dy is the diffusion coefficient of water vapor in air,
RH is the relative humidity of the air,
E is the evaporation rate,
is the density of water vapor, and
is the density of liquid water.
The ratio of the density of water vapor to the density of liquid water is
given by (Short, 1985)
PVTV/PWL = ao + aiT + a2T2 + a3T3
where
T is the temperature in degrees Celsius,
a0 = A.608A3696E-06,
0^ = 4.0710817E-07,
a2 = 3.029A3E-09, and
a3 = 3.9405E-10.
50
-------
Time at Which the Bottom of the Pollutant Slug Reaches a Specified Depth; The
bottom of the pollutant slug is located at the plow zone depth at time zero.
It moves downward through the treatment zone as time increases. The time at
which the bottom of the slug reaches a position Xbottom is given by
Bottom* xbottom> = ° for xbottom * Pzd
tbottom^bottom) = (xbottom ' Pzd)/Vp
for xbottom > Pzd
where
pzd is the depth of the bottom of the plow zone and
V is the velocity of the pollutant in the lower treatment zone.
Flux of Pollutant Vapor for a Specified Position of the Top of the Pollutant
Slug and the Corresponding Time: The flux of pollutant vapor, J(t(xtop)),
moving upward out of the treatment zone at the time t is given by
J(t) = aVpCToexp(-Mpt)/{(g - a + xtop)[l + (RT/R)exp(-not)] }
for 0 < xtop < pzd
J(t) = aVpCToexp(-npt)/{(g - a + xtop)[l + (RT/R)exp(-MoAt) ] }
for pzd < xtop < tzd
where
* = ttop^xtop^ as defined previously and
At = ttop^top) - (xtop ' pzd)/Vp.
Total Amount of Pollutant Lost as Vapor; The amount of pollutant lost in the
vapor form can be obtained by integrating the vapor flux over the time in
which the pollutant is in the plow zone and the treatment zone. That is
t
J(t)dt
where t is the time at which the top of the pollutant slug reaches the bottom
of the treatment zone. It is computationally more efficient to change variable
of integration and integrate over distance. This integral then becomes
r tzd
= JQ J(t(x))(dt/dx)dx + J ^ J(t(x))(dt/dx)dx
The integrands in the above equation are
II = aCToexP("Mpttop(x)/(8 + x) for 0 < x < pzd (term 1)
I2 = aCTo^P^pttopW/^S + xX1 + (RT/R)exp(-uoAt))}
for pzd < x < tzd (term 2)
where At = ttop(x) - (x - pzd)/Vp. The integration is carried out numerically
using Romberg integration. Convergence is assumed when the difference between
51
-------
consecutive approximations to the integral is less than l.OE-06 percent of the
pollutant applied.
Total Amount of Pollutant Leached Below the Treatment Zone: The amount of
pollutant leached below the treatment zone, M^, is obtained by integrating the
product of the recharge rate and the pollutant concentration in water at the
treatment zone depth. That is
ft
MT " L v ec (tzd.t)dt
L J0 a W
where
Va9 = the recharge rate and
C^(tzd,t) is the concentration of pollutant in water defined previously.
This integration is also performed numerically using Romberg integration
(Ralston, 1965). Convergence is assumed when the difference between
consecutive approximations to the integral is less than l.OE-06 percent of the
pollutant applied.
Total Amount of Pollutant Degraded in the Treatment Zone; The amount of the
pollutant degraded, Mp, within the entire treatment zone is equal to the sum
of the amounts degraded in the plow zone and in the treatment zone. That is
f
M = JQ
+
J
pzd
(pzd - x)C (x,t (x))(dt/dx)dx
tb
Acc(t)dt
0 p
-tzd
M Acc(t)(dt/dx)dx
pzd p
where tb = ttop(pzd) is the time at which the top of the slug reaches the
depth of the plow zone and Acc(t) is the mass of pollutant accumulated in the
lower treatment zone. The first integral represents the degradation within the
plow zone. The second integral represents the degradation in the lower
treatment zone before the top of the slug reaches the lower treatment zone.
The third integral represents the degradation in the lower treatment zone
after the slug is entirely in that zone. These integrals are evaluated by the
Romberg integration with the same convergence criteria as for volatilization
and leaching.
52
-------
The accumulation of pollutant in the lower treatment zone, Acc(t), is given by
Acc(t) = CToexp(-Mpt){(xbottom - xtop) - VpMo1ln(H(xbottom)/H(xtop))}
where
H(x) = 1 + (RT/R)exp(-Mo(xb - x)/Vp)
and
xb = pzd + Vpt.
Mass Balance Error; Pollutant applied to the soil must be volatilized,
leached, or degraded by the time the top the slug reaches the treatment zone
depth. Each of these three components are evaluated above. If the
computational techniques are accurate, the sum of these should be equal to the
amount of pollutant applied. The mass balance computational error is given by
Error = MT - Mv - ML - MD
where M-p is the mass of pollutant applied to the plow zone. The other symbols
were defined previously.
53
-------
Table 9. List of symbols with meaning and units as used in this section.
b Clapp and Hornberger constant, dimensionless
Ccp total concentration of pollutant in all phases, g/m^
Gyj concentration of pollutant in water, g/tir^
Cg concentration of pollutant in soil, g/kg
CY concentration of pollutant in vapor, g/m
CQ concentration of pollutant in oil, g/m
Crjio total concentration of pollutant at time zero, g/m
D^ diffusion coefficient of pollutant in air, m^/day
Dg diffusion coefficient of pollutant vapor in soil, m/day
D^ diffusion coefficient of water vapor in air, m^/day
E evaporation rate, m/day
fgc fractional organic carbon content of soil
J flux of pollutant vapor, g/m^-day
k unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, m/day
kg saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil, m/day
Kj) soil:water partition coefficient of pollutant, m /kg
Kg vapor:water partition coefficient of pollutant
or the dimensionless Henry's law constant, dimensionless
K0 oil:water partition coefficient of pollutant, dimensionless
KQ£ organic-carbon:water partition coefficient, m /kg
MD total amount of pollutant degraded, g/m
ML total amount of pollutant leached below treatment zone, g/m^
My total amount of pollutant lost in vapor form, g/m^
pzd plow zone depth, m
R retardation factor for pollutant (ignoring oil), dimensionless
R-JI contribution of oil to retardation of pollutant, dimensionless
RH relative humidity, dimensionless
SAR sludge application rate, kg/ha
So initial concentration of oil in the sludge, g/kg
Sp initial concentration of pollutant in the sludge, g/kg
T temperature, °C
t time, days
tip degradation half-life of the pollutant, days
tio degradation half-life of the oil, days
tzd treatment zone depth, m
V^ recharge rate, m/day
Va pore water velocity, m/day
Vp velocity of the pollutant in the lower treatment zone, m/day
x distance from the soil surface, m
p bulk density of soil, kg/m^
po density of oil, kg/nH
density of water vapor, kg/rn^
density of liquid water, kg/^
water content on a volume basis, m-Vm^
saturated water content on a volume basis, nrVm-*
54
-------
Table 9. Continued.
$(t) oil content (volume fraction of oil) at time t, nr
$0 initial oil content (volume fraction of oil), m /
Mp degradation constant of pollutant, days"
Mo degradation constant of oil, days"
6 thickness of stagnant boundary layer, m
H initial air content of soil, rn^fnr
55
-------
INPUT PARAMETER ESTIMATION
The user of this software must provide soil, chemical, and environmental
parameters to define the land treatment site. The parameters may be obtained
experimentally for the site, based on published values such as those in
Verschuren (1983), or estimated from related parameters. The software includes
a few built in estimators for certain required parameters. These are intended
for use in situations in which the required parameter is unknown. They should
be used with caution. In this section, the approximations available for each
parameter are described briefly. Table 10 contains a list of the numerical
parameters with their units and symbols used in the previous section.
Fractional organic carbon content
If this is not known but the organic matter content of the
soil is known, this is approximately equal to the product
of 0.4 and the fractional organic matter content.
Saturated water content
This can be estimated from the bulk density, p, and
particle density, ps, of the soil using the equation
9S = 1 - P/PS- The particle density for most mineral
soils is between 2600 and 2700 kg/up. If the particle
density is not known a value of 2650 kg/m3 is usually a
good estimate.
Clapp and Hornberger constant
If this parameter is not known, it can be estimated using
the values presented by Clapp and Hornberger for different
soil textures. This table will be displayed on the screen
if the help key is pressed.
Organic carbon partition coefficient
If this parameter is not known, it can be estimated
(Karickhoff, 1981) from the water solubility, S (g/m3),
the molecular weight, MW (g/mole), and the melting point,
MP (°C) of the pollutant. If
x = -0.921og(S/(55556-MW) -4.404), then the organic carbon
partition coefficient, KQQ, is approximately
K0C = 10X if melting point < 25°C
K^ x 10x - O.OKMP - 25)
if melting point > 25°C.
If these pollutant properties are not known, KQQ can be
estimated from the octonal-water partition coefficient,
KQW, using the relation of Karickhoff et al. (1979)
KOC * ID"3-21 ^
56
-------
Table 10. Input parameters required by the RITZ model.
Input Parameter
Fractional organic carbon content
Bulk density
Saturated water content of soil
Saturated hydraulic conductivity
Clapp and Hornberger constant
Concentration of pollutant in sludge
Organic carbon partition coefficient
Oil-water partition coefficient
Henry ' s law constant
Diffusion coefficient of pollutant in air
Half-life of pollutant
Concentration of oil in sludge
Density of oil
Half-life of oil
Sludge application rate
Plow zone depth
Treatment zone depth
Recharge rate
Evaporation rate
Air temperature
Relative humidity
Diffusion coefficient of water vapor in air
Units
--
kg/m3
m3/m3
m/day
--
g/kg
m3/kg
--
--
m^/day
days
g/kg
kg/m3
days
kg/ha
m
m
m/day
m/day
degrees C
--
m^/day
Symbol
foc
P
es
ks
b
Sp
K0
KH
DA
4?
PO
t20
SAR
pzd
tzd
vd
E
T
RH
°W
Oil-water partition coefficient
If this is not known, it can be approximated by the
octonal water partition coefficient for the pollutant.
Henry's law constant
If the dimensionless Henry's law constant is not known, it
can be determined from the value of the constant in units
of atm-m3/mole by dividing the dimensioned value by 0.024.
If the dimensioned constant is not known, the
dimensionless value of Kg can be estimated according to
Laskowski et al. (1982) from the water solubility,
molecular weight, and vapor pressure of the pollutant
using the relation
KH = VP-MW / (760-S)
where S is the solubility of the pollutant (g/m3), MW is
the molecular weight (g/mole), and VP is the vapor
pressure (mm of Hg).
57
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PARAMETER AVERAGING
The soil parameters in this model are assumed to be uniform throughout the
treatment site. This will not be true in general. The software includes an
option to calculate a weighted average value for soil properties known for
different layers in the soil. This section outlines the averaging schemes
employed. The software enables the user to enter values of d^ and V^ for each
layer. It then calculates the average and places it in the data entry screen.
Depth Weighted Average; The average value calculated for all parameters except
the saturated hydraulic conductivity is the depth weighted average of the
values for each layer. Consider a site in which the depth of the soil layer i
is d^ for i = 1, 2, 3, ..., N and dg = 0 and d^j is equal to the treatment zone
depth. If the parameter of interest has a value V^ for i = 1, 2, 3, ..., N,
then the depth-weighted average V is given by
V = Z?=1 w^i
where w^ = (di - di_^)/dN for i = 1, 2, 3, .. ., N.
Average Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity; If d^ contains the depths of each
layer of soil as explained above for depth weighted averages and if k^
contains the corresponding saturated hydraulic conductivities for each layer,
the equivalent conductivity, ks, for the layered soil (Swartzendruber, 1960)
is given by
ks = dN / Z*=1 (di - di.^/ki.
Screen 8 illustrates the use of the averaging feature built in to the
software. In this case, the key was pressed when the user was being
prompted for the fraction organic carbon content. The treatment zone was made
up of 5 layers so the user chose to use this averaging scheme to compute the
average value for the site. In this case, each line includes an entry for the
depth of the layer and the fraction organic carbon content for the layer. The
two numbers must be separated by a comma or a blank space. When the key
is pressed, the average value is calculated and placed in the appropriate line
on Screen 2. The user can then continue entering data there.
NOTE; THE AVERAGE IS CALCULATED TO THE MAXIMUM DEPTH ENTERED. THIS MAXIMUM
DEPTH SHOULD CORRESPOND TO THE DEPTH OF THE TREATMENT ZONE.
58
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Averaging Screen
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Depth,
Depth,
Depth,
Depth,
Depth,
Depth,
Depth,
Depth,
Depth,
Depth,
Depth,
Depth,
Depth,
Depth,
Depth,
m,
m,
m,
m,
m,
m,
m,
m,
m,
m,
m,
m,
m,
m,
m,
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
fraction
fraction
fraction
fraction
fraction
fraction
fraction
fraction
fraction
fraction
fraction
fraction
fraction
fraction
fraction
organic
organic
organic
organic
organic
organic
organic
organic
organic
organic
organic
organic
organic
organic
organic
carbon
carbon
carbon
carbon
carbon
carbon
carbon
carbon
carbon
carbon
carbon
carbon
carbon
carbon
carbon
0
0
0
I
1
.10
.15
.30
.05
.50
0.02
0.007
0.005
0.002
0.001
: Display help for entries
: Proceed - all
Abort
option
entries
made
and return to parameter
entry screen
Screen 8
carbon.
59
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abort 6
assumptions 1
Clapp and Hornberger
constant 3
computer 6
concentration bar graphs
17
concentration graphs 17
configuration
graphics card 9
monochrome card 9
cursor keys 6
D
data entry editor 5, 6,
degradation 2, 14
depth-weighted averages
/ y 11
directory 15
disk directory 15
disk files 4, 7, 43
dispersion 1
E
editor 5, 6, 11
Esc 5, 6
execution 10
file names 8
file output 18
file structure 43
flux of water 1
function keys 6
G
graphs 4, 8
printouts 8
H
half life 14
hardware 6
Henry's Law constant 14
hydraulic conductivity
function 3
input parameter 56
installation 9
fixed disk 9
floppy disk 9
graphics card 9
monochrome card 9
keys
Backspace 8
cursor 6
Delete 8
down arrow 6
End 6
Enter 7
Esc 7
Fl 7
F10 7
F2 7
F7 7, 15
F8 7, 15
function 6
Home 6
left arrow 6
PgDn 7
PgUp 7
right arrow 6
up arrow 6
land treatment site 2
M
mass balance 16
model assumptions 1
N
no data 8, 18
non-uniform soils 11
O
oil 1
oil pr9perties 13
operating system 6
output device 18
output options 4, 16
outputs
graphs 4
tables 5
parameter entry 4, 11
file 15
keyboard 15
parameter estimation 56
partition coefficient
oil 13
organic carbon 13
vapor 14
plow zone 1
plow zone depth 14
60
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