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Environmental Monitoring
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Las Vegas NV 89114
Research and Development
Research Reports
of the Environmental
Monitoring Systems
Laboratory-Las Vegas
January-December
1978
H- » w
RECEIVED
7 1979
ENVIRONMtNlAL PRUTECIION AGENCY
LIBRARY, REGION V
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ORDERING INFORMATION
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distribution of published reports. Information on how to
order specific reports is given below. Please request
copies of reports you desire from the sources listed below.
SECTION I, EPA SERIES
Reports of EPA-sponsored work are available from the National
Technical Information Service (NTIS).
SECTION II, EMSL-LV SERIES
Reports of work performed for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
are available from the NTIS or from the Oak Ridge Technical Informa-
tion Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830.
SECTION III, OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Reports published as papers in professional journals or in pro-
ceedings of scientific and technical meetings can usually be seen in
most major libraries, particularly university libraries. Reprints of
journal articles can sometimes be obtained from the author or from the
journal publisher. Copies of proceedings documents may be requested
of their publishers.
SECTION IV, UNPUBLISHED PRESENTATIONS AT SCIENTIFIC AND
PROFESSIONAL MEETINGS
Reports presented orally are not available in written form. If a
written version is to appear in published proceedings of a meeting,
that is indicated.
Because NTIS prices are subject to change, its products are
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Persons interested in other reports published by EPA may
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Also, the Printing Management Office (PM-215), U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460, publishes
{"Publications, A Quarterly Guide," which lists new technical
publications that are available from the NTIS, and general
EPA publications that are available from various sources.
T^iis quarterly guide may be received regularly at no charge
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EPA-600/9-79-037
October 1979
RESEARCH REPORTS
OF THE
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEMS LABORATORY-LAS VEGAS
JANUARY-DECEMBER 1978
COMPILED BY
PATRICIA J. WUNDER
INFORMATION SERVICES
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEMS LABORATORY
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA 89114
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEMS LABORATORY
P. 0. BOX 15027
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA 89114
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5 Library (PL-12J)
77 West Jackson Blvd., 12th Roor
Chicago, IL 60604-3590
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental
Monitoring Systems Laboratory, United States Environmental
Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Mention
of trade names or commercial products does not constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
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FOREWORD
Protection of the environment requires effective
regulatory actions which are based on sound technical and
scientific information. This information must include the
quantitative description and linking of pollutant sources,
transport mechanisms, interactions, and resulting effects
on man and his environment. Because of the complexities
involved, assessment of specific pollutants in the environ-
ment requires a total systems approach that transcends the
media of air, water, and land. The Environmental Monitoring
Systems Laboratory-Las Vegas* contributes to the formation
and enhancement of a sound monitoring data base for exposure
assessment through programs designed to:
• develop and optimize systems and strategies for
monitoring pollutants and their impact on the
environment
demonstrate new monitoring systems and technologies
by applying them to fulfill special monitoring needs
of the Agency's operating programs
The EMSL-Las Vegas also conducts research and monitor-
ing programs for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Nevada
Operations Office. These programs concern environmental
radiation associated with the DOE's testing of nuclear
explosives conducted at the Nevada Test Site and other
sites.
"Research Reports" lists scientific and technical
reports published or presented by EMSL-Las Vegas personnel.
We hope this listing will prove useful to persons interested
in environmental monitoring and the work of our Laboratory.
We welcome any suggestions for improving the utility of
future issues of this annual bibliography.
George B,. Morga^t
Director
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
Las Vegas
*Until June 4, 1979, the Environmental Monitoring and Support
Laboratory-Las Vegas.
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD ill
I. PUBLICATIONS IN THE EPA SERIES 1
Ecological Research 1
Environmental Monitoring 11
Interagency Energy-Environment
Research and Development 20
Miscellaneous 26
II. PUBLICATIONS IN THE EMSL-LV SERIES 27
III. OTHER PUBLICATIONS 34
Journal Articles 34
Presentations Published
in Proceedings 37
Miscellaneous 43
IV. UNPUBLISHED PRESENTATIONS AT SCIENTIFIC
AND PROFESSIONAL MEETINGS 45
V. WORKING PAPER SERIES 51
NES Working Papers Authored by
EMSL-Las Vegas Personnel 53
AUTHOR/PROJECT OFFICER INDEX 55
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I, PUBLICATIONS IN THE EPA SERIES
ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH
DISTRIBUTION AND IMPORTANCE OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN THE
ATCHAFALAYA BASIN
Hern, Stephen C., W. D. Taylor, L. R. Williams, V. W.
Lambou, M. K. Morris, F. A. Morris, and J. W. Hilgert,
EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and Development, EPA,
Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-78-001, January 1978. 202pp.
Abstract: The species and abundance of phytoplankton in
the Atchafalaya Basin are presented. From 86
phytoplankton samples examined, 107 genera and 287 species
of algae were identified. Occurrence and dominant occur-
rence of phytoplankton genera and species are listed. The
Nygaard's Trophic State Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution
Index, as well as species diversity and abundance indices
are included. Also, study areas inside and outside the
Basin were compared and contrasted for chemical, physical
and biological characteristics. From the above data the
following conclusions were made: 1) phytoplankton play a
minor role in the overall productivity of the Basin proper
due to the high concentration of suspended sediments in
the water, 2) phytoplankton production was nearly an order
of magnitude greater in areas studied outside the Basin
than within the Basin, and 3) diatoms and flagellates were
the dominant algal groups within the Basin while flagellates
and blue-green algae were the dominant algae groups outside
the Basin proper.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB277544/AS
Price: Paper copy $9.25 (AID)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
RELATIONSHIPS OF PRODUCTIVITY AND PROBLEM CONDITIONS TO
AMBIENT NUTRIENTS: NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY FIND-
INGS FOR 418 EASTERN LAKES
Williams, Llewellyn R. , Victor W. Lambou, Stephen C. Hern,
and Robert W. Thomas, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research
and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-78-002, January 1978. 28 pp.
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Abstract: Data collected by the National Eutrophication
Survey (NES) team for M8 eastern lakes were
utilized to determine correlations between chlorophyll a,
an indicator of lake productivity, and nutrient and other
water quality parameters.
High linear correlations were determined between total
phosphorus and mean chlorophyll a levels, especially in
lakes with retention times of greater than \k days.
These basic relationships were compared for populations
of lakes subdivided on the bases of stratification,
vegetation dominance and fishery type. Significant
regional differences were noted in the basic chlorophyll
a phosphorus relationships. Correlations determined for
chlorophyll a with phosphorus, Kjeldahl nitrogen, pH and
total alkalinity were positive; those with Secchi disk
transparency and nitrogen:phosphorus ratio were negative.
Relationships between lake "problems" and nutrient or
other water quality parameters were established by com-
paring historical and observational data of general lake
conditions with physical, chemical and biological values
obtained from NES sample analyses. The distributions of
lakes with algal blooms, aquatic macrophyte problems, low
dissolved oxygen concentrations, and/or fishkills are
presented as functions of mean total phosphorus and
chlorophyll a concentrations.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB276987/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.50 (A03)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
(Previously released in limited distribution as No. 725 in the
Working Paper Series for the National Eutrophication Survey.)
DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN GEORGIA LAKES
Morris, F. A., M. K. Morris, L. R. Williams, W. D. Taylor,
F. A. Hiatt, S. C. Hern, J. W. Hilgert, and V. W. Lambou,
EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and Development, EPA,
Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-78-011, January 1978. 72 pp.
Abstract: This is a data report presenting the species
and abundance of phytoplankton in the 1k lakes
sampled by the National Eutrophication Survey in the State
of Georgia. Results from the calculation of several water
quality indices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic State
Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
diversity and abundance indices).
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Order from: NTIS, No. PB279668/AS
Price: Paper copy $5.25 (A04)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
(Previously released in limited distribution as No. 680 in the
Working Paper Series for the National Eutrophication Survey.)
DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN KENTUCKY LAKES
Taylor, W. D., F. A. Hiatt, S. C. Hern, J. W. Hilgert,
V. W. Latnbou, F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris, and L. R.
Williams, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-78-013, January 1978. 36 pp.
Abstract: This is a data report presenting the species
and abundance of phytoplankton in the five
lakes sampled by the National Eutrophication Survey in
the State of Kentucky. Results from the calculation of
several water quality indices are also included (Nygaard's
Trophic State Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and
species diversity and abundance indices).
Order from: NTIS, No. PB279667/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.50 (A03)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
(Previously released in limited distribution as No. 683 in the
Working Paper Series for the National Eutrophication Survey.)
DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN NEW JERSEY LAKES
Williams, L. R., W. D. Taylor, F. A. Hiatt, S. C. Hern,
J. W. Hilgert, V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris, and M. K. Morris,
EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and Development, EPA,
Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-78-014, January 1978. 68 pp.
Abstract: This is a data report presenting the species
and abundance of phytoplankton in the 13 lakes
sampled by the National Eutrophication Survey in the State
of New Jersey. Results from the calculation of several
water quality indices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic
State Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
diversity and abundance indices).
Order from: NTIS, No. PB279680/AS
Price: Paper copy $5.25 (A04)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
(Previously released in limited distribution as No. 686 in the
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Working Paper Series for the National Eutrophication Survey.)
DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN OHIO LAKES
Hilgert, J. W., V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris,
L. R. Williams, W. D. Taylor, F. A. Hiatt, and S. C. Hern,
EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and Development, EPA,
Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-78-015, January 1978. 102 pp.
Abstract: This is a data report presenting the species
and abundance of phytoplankton in the 20 lakes
sampled by the National Eutrophication Survey in the State
of Ohio. Results from the calculation of several water
quality indices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic State
Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
diversity and abundance indices).
Order from: NTIS, No. PB280140/AS
Price: Paper copy $6.50 (A06)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
(Previously released in limited distribution as No. 688 in the
Working Paper Series for the National Eutrophication Survey.)
DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN TENNESSEE LAKES
Hiatt, F. A., S. C. Hern, J. W. Hilgert, V. W. Lambou,
F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris, L. R. Williams, and W. D.
Taylor, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-78-016, January 1978. 76 pp.
Abstract: This is a data report presenting the species
and abundance of phytoplankton in the 16 lakes
sampled by the National Eutrophication Survey in the State
of Tennessee. Results from the calculation of several
water quality indices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic
State Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
diversity and abundance indices).
Order from: NTIS, No. PB280139/AS
Price: Paper copy $5.25 (A04)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
(Previously released in limited distribution as No. 691 in the
Working Paper Series for the National Eutrophication Survey.)
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DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN DELAWARE LAKES
Hern, S. C., J. W. Hilgert, V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris,
M. K. Morris, L. R. Williams, W. D. Taylor, and F. A.
Hiatt, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-78-027, January 1978. 40 pp.
Abstract: This is a data report presenting the species
and abundance of phytoplankton in the six
lakes sampled by the National Eutrophication Survey in
the State of Delaware. Results from the calculation of
several water quality indices are also included (Nygaard's
Trophic State Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and
species diversity and abundance indices).
Order from: NTIS, No. PB279697/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.50 (A03)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
(Previously released in limited distribution as No. 678 in the
Working Paper Series for the National Eutrophication Survey.)
ETHYLMERCURY: FORMATION IN PLANT TISSUES AND RELATION TO
METHYLMERCURY FORMATION
Fortmann, L. C., D. D. Gay, and K. 0. Wirtz, EMSL-Las Vegas,
Office of Research and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-78-037, April 1978. 12 pp.
Abstract: Seedlings of the common dwarf garden pea,
Pisum sativwn, cv. Little Marvel, exposed
to elemental mercury vapor formed both methyl mercury and
ethylmercury in all parts of the plant. Concentrations
of both organomercury compounds fluctuated considerably
over a 48-hour exposure period, but the total of detect-
able forms of mercury continued to rise due to increased
ethylmercury formation. Ethylmercury formation was
greater in the light than in the dark, but methyl mercury
concentration did not differ significantly. The pattern
of change in the concentrations of methyl mercury and ethyl-
mercury suggests both are metabolites of a single mercury
pathway in peas.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB282093/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.00 (A02)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
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VOLATILITY OF MERCURY FROM SOILS AMENDED WITH VARIOUS
MERCURY COMPOUNDS
Rogers, Robert D., EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research
and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-78-046, April 1978. 16 pp.
Abstract: A study was conducted to determine the rate of
mercury volatilization from soils freshly
amended with mercury compounds. Mercuric nitrate, mei—
curie chloride, mercuric acetate, mercuric oxide, and
mercuric sulfide were used in conjunction with three soils:
a loamy sand, a sand loam, and a clay loam. Mercury was
evolved from all combinations and was shown to be dependent
upon the solubility of the mercury compound and the texture
of the soi1.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB281370/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.00 (A02)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN ILLINOIS LAKES
Morris, M. K., L. R. Williams, W. D. Taylor, F. A. Hiatt,
S. C. Hern, J. W. Hilgert, V. W. Lambou, and F. A. Morris,
EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and Development, EPA,
Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-78-050, May 1978. 136 pp.
Abstract: This is a data report presenting the species
and abundance of phytoplankton in the 31 lakes
sampled by the National Eutrophication Survey in the State
of Illinois. Results from the calculation of several
water quality indices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic
State Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
diversity and abundance indices).
Order from: NTIS, No. PB285411/AS
Price: Paper copy $7.25 (A07)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
(Previously released in limited distribution as No. 681 in the
Working Paper Series for the National Eutrophication Survey.)
DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN NORTH CAROLINA LAKES
Morris, M. K., L. R. Williams, W. D. Taylor, F. A. Hiatt,
S. C. Hern, J. W. Hilgert, V. W. Lambou, and F. A. Morris,
EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and Development, EPA,
Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-78-051, May 1978. 80 pp.
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Abstract: This is a data report presenting the species
and abundance of phytoplankton in the 16 lakes
sampled by the National Eutrophication Survey in the State
of North Carolina. Results from the calculation of several
water quality indices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic
State Index, Palmer's Organic Index, and species diversity
and abundance indices).
Order from: NTIS, No. PB286387/AS
Price: Paper copy $6.00 (A05)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
(Previously released in limited distribution as No. 687 in the
Working Paper Series for the National Eutrophication Survey.)
F/C
.CTORS INFLUENCING THE VOLATILIZATION OF MERCURY FROM SOIL
Rogers, Robert D., and James C. McFarlane, EMSL-Las Vegas,
Office of Research and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-78-054, May 1978. 20 pp.
Abstract: Mercury volatilization from soils amended to
1 ppm mercury with mercuric nitrate ceased
within 1 week after application. During the first week,
20 percent of the applied mercury was lost from a silty
clay-loam soil and k3 percent was lost from a loamy sand
soil. Volatilization of mercury from the loamy sand soil
resulted in a concurrent decrease in ammonium nitrate-
extractable mercury. Other work with sterile soil indicates
that the volatilization was mediated by microorganisms.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB286179
Price: Paper copy $4.00 (A02)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN INDIANA LAKES
Morris, F. A., M. K. Morris, L. R. Williams, W. D. Taylor,
F. A. Hiatt, S. C. Hern, J. W. Hilgert, and V. W. Lambou,
EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and Development, EPA,
Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-78-078, August 1978. 80 pp.
Abstract: This is a data report presenting the species
and abundance of phytoplankton in the 27 lakes
sampled by the National Eutrophication Survey in the State
of Indiana. Results from the calculation of several water
quality indices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic State
Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
diversity and abundance indices).
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Order from: NTIS, No. PB288352/AS
Price: Paper copy $6.00 (A05)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
(Previously released in limited distribution as No. 682 in the
Working Paper Series for the National Eutrophication Survey.)
TRACE ELEMENTS IN SOIL AROUND THE FOUR CORNERS POWER PLANT
Wiersma, G. B., and A. B. Crockett, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office
of Research and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-78-079, August 1978. 24 pp.
Abstract: Ninety-six soil samples were collected on a
radial grid employing 16 evenly spaced radii
and 5 logarithmically spaced circles, concentric around
the Four Corners Power Plant in New Mexico. The soil
samples were analyzed for zinc, lead, copper, and cadmium
by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. No statistical
relationship could be detected between residue levels for
the four elements and increasing distance from the power
plant. A two-way analysis of variance indicated no sig-
nificant difference among circles but there was a signifi-
cant difference among radii for zinc, lead, and copper,
with higher residues of these elements consistently
indicated to the west of the power plant. Elevated levels
of zinc, lead, and copper to the west of the power plant
could be partially explained by wind rose patterns and the
location of the fly ash settling ponds. Average residue
levels for zinc, lead, and copper are below average
residue levels reported for other power plants. Average
cadmium levels are slightly higher than cadmium levels
reported in the literature for other power plants.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB288389/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.00 (A02)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
PLUTONIUM UPTAKE BY PLANTS GROWN IN SOLUTION CULTURE
McFarlane, James C., Allan R. Batterman, and Kenneth W.
Brown, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-78-081, August 1978. 20 pp.
Abstract: Plants grown in aquatic systems were shown to
rapidly accumulate large amounts of plutonium,
about kO percent of which was removed by washing. Deter-
gent removed debris, most of which consisted of particles
larger than 0.8 micrometers. After removing a portion of
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the bound plutonium by rinsing in diethylenetriaminepent-
acetate (DTPA) additional plutonium was removed by a
citric acid rinse. This implies that more than one type
of plutonium binding to plant roots exists or that more
than one chemical form of plutonium was present. The
high plutonium concentration on plant roots did not
facilitate uptake and translocation to aerial portions
of the plant: discrimination ratios were similar to
those typically found in terrestrial studies. Plants
with filamentous root systems are suggested as possible
scavengers for plutonium in aquatic systems.
Order from: NTIS, No. not available
Price: Paper copy $4.00 (A02)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN FLORIDA LAKES
Taylor, W. D., F. A. Hiatt, S. C. Hern, J. W. Hilgert,
V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris, and L. R.
Williams, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and
Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-78-085, September 1978. 120 pp.
Abstract: This is a data report presenting the species
and abundance of phytoplankton in the kO lakes
sampled by the National Eutrophication Survey in the State
of Florida. Results from the calculation of several water
quality indices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic State
Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
diversity and abundance indices).
Order from: NTIS, No. PB296504/AS
Price: Paper copy $6.50 (A06)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
(Previously released in limited distribution as No. 679 in the
Working Paper Series for the National Eutrophication Survey.)
DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN ARKANSAS LAKES
Hilgert, J. W., F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris, W. D. Taylor,
L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern, and V. W. Lambou, EMSL-Las
Vegas, Office of Research and Development, EPA, Las Vegas,
Nevada
EPA-600/3-78-101, December 1978. 60 pp.
Abstract: This is a data report presenting the species
and abundance of phytoplankton in the 16 lakes
sampled by the National Eutrophication Survey in the State
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of Arkansas. Results from the calculation of several
water quality indices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic
State Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
diversity and abundance indices).
Order from: NTIS, No. PB292742/AS
Price: Paper copy $5.25 (A04)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
(Previously released in limited distribution as No. 694 in the
Working Paper Series for the National Eutrophication Survey.)
A COMPARISON OF THREE FLOODING REGIMES: ATCHAFALAYA BASIN,
LOUISIANA
van Beek, JohannesL. , Karen Wicker, and Benjamin Small,
Coastal Environments, Inc., Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
Contract No. 68-01-2299. Victor W. Lambou, Project
Officer, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/3-78-106, December 1978. 92 pp.
Abstract: Three backwater areas in the Atchafalaya
Basin, Louisiana, are compared. The three
areas studied are Fordoche and Buffalo Cove, within the
Atchafalaya Basin Floodway and subject to annual flooding
by the Atchafalaya River, and Pat Bay which is located
outside the floodway and in which flooding is controlled
by local rainfall. Hydrologic regimes are compared for
relative contributions of river water and local drainage,
amplitude of water level fluctuations, mode of water
introduction and movement, and related introduction of
sediments. From this comparison, the following were
seen as the most urgent considerations for management of
Atchafalaya Basin Floodway units: 1) Induction of low
discharge throughflow in order to enhance water exchange
in those areas presently subject to a backwater regime
and insufficiently dewatered, 2) reduction of inflow
associated with short-term water level fluctuations
during annual rise of Atchafalaya River stages in order
to reduce sediment introduction, 3) maximum utilization
of the unit's precipitation surpluses as a source of flood-
water to reduce inflow of Atchafalaya River water and
sediments, 4) realization of 1), 2). and 3) through water
introduction at the upper end of the unit and simultaneous
control over outflow at the lower end of the unit.
Order frem: NTIS, No. PB293157/AS
Price: Paper copy $6.00 (A05)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
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ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
OVERHEAD ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING WITH LIGHT UTILITY AIR-
CRAFT: DEMONSTRATION AND EVALUATION OF THE SYSTEM
Howard, Gordon E., Jr., and Frank R. Wolle, EMSL-Las Vegas,
Office of Research and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-78-008, January 1978. 32 pp.
Abstract: The EPA is seeking to provide its 10 Regional
Offices with a low-cost remote-sensing capabil-
ity through development of a self-contained sensor module
called the Enviro-Pod (Pod). Its key attributes are
economy, compactness, portability, and simplicity. It
has been certified by the Federal Aviation Administration
for use on commonly available light aircraft.
The design, development and manufacture of the prototype
was' accomplished by the U.S. Air Force Avionics Laboratory
through an interagency agreement with the EPA. The Pod
module contains two identical KA-85A panoramic cameras.
One is mounted in the conventional vertical position and
the second in an oblique position looking k5 degrees
forward of the aircraft. Use of the Pod is foreseen in
enforcement, compliance, episodic, and emergency monitoi—
ing activities.
This document summarizes results of feasibility demonstra-
tions and recommends a program for the production and
suitability testing of the Pod module. Possible future
sensor configurations for the Pod are also presented.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB278748/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.50 (A03)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
OPTIMUM METEOROLOGICAL AND AIR POLLUJION SAMPLING NETWORK
SELECTION IN CITIES: VOLUME I: THEORY AND DESIGN FOR ST.
LOUIS
Vukovich, Fred M., Walter D. Bach, Jr., and C. Andrew
Clayton, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina. Contract No. 68-03-2187. James L.
McElroy, Project Officer, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of
Research and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-78-030, June 1978. 154 pp.
Abstract: A technique was developed to establish an
optimum meteorological and air pollution
sampling network in urban areas. The basis of the net-
work is the wind field in the urban area rather than the
air pollution distribution because it provided a solution
11
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with longer-term stability than the air pollution
di stri but ion.
Three specific models are required in order to deter-
mine the optimum network. These are: a three dimen-
sional hydrodynamic model; a statistical model; and an
objective variational analysis model. The primitive
equation model is used to simulate the wind field for
a variety of cases. These simulated data were used to
determine the form of a regression model which approxi-
mates the various wind fields. A regression model form
was then used, along with a set of potential network
sites and a criterion for judging alternative networks
to derive the sampling network for the winds. The
method used to develop the network involved the successive
elimination of candidate sites until a reasonably sized
network was achieved. The air pollution distribution is
obtained through an objective variational analysis model.
The model simultaneously minimizes the error variance by
comparing observed pollution concentrations with derived
pollution concentrations and the error variance of the
constraint equation.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB285484/AS
Price: Paper copy $8.00 (A08)
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ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LABORATORY INTERCOMPARISON
STUDIES PROGRAM, 1978-1979
Quality Assurance Branch, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of
Research and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-78-032, June 1978. 28 pp.
Abstract: The EPA intercomparison studies program for
laboratories involved in environmental radia-
tion measurements is described. The types of environ-
mental samples distributed, the analyses required for
each sample, the distribution schedule, and the statis-
tical analysis and reporting of results are discussed.
Instructions and application forms are included for
laboratories desiring to participate in the program.
This document is not a research report. It is designed
for use by laboratories participating or desiring to
participate in the quality assurance program.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB284850/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.50 (A03)
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RADIOACTIVITY STANDARDS DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM, 1978-1979
Ziegler, Lee H., EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and
Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-78-033, June 1978. 28 pp.
Abstract: A program for the distribution of calibrated
radioactive samples, as one function of EPA's
quality assurance program for environmental radiation
measurements, is described. Included is a discussion of
the objectives of the distribution program and a descrip-
tion of the preparation, availability, and distribution of
calibrated radioactive samples. Instructions and applica-
tion forms are included for laboratories desiring to
participate in the program.
This document is not a research report. It is designed
for use by personnel of laboratories participating or
desiring to participate in the Radioactivity Standards
Distribution Program, which is a part of the EPA quality
assurance program.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB286981/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.00 (A02)
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AIR MONITOR SITING BY OBJECTIVE
Koda, Masato, and John H. Seinfeld, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California. Contract No.
68-03-2441. James L. McElroy, Project Officer, EMSL-Las
Vegas, Office of Research and Development, EPA, Las Vegas,
Nevada
EPA-600/4-78-036, June 1978. 88 pp.
Abstract: A method is developed whereby measured pollutant
concentrations can be used in conjunction with a
mathematical air quality model to estimate the full spatial
and temporal concentration distributions of the pollutants
over a given region. The method is based on the application
of estimation theory to systems described by partial differ-
ential equations, such as the atmospheric diffusion equation.
A computer code has been developed that can process monitoring
data to produce concentration distribution estimates. The
code has been tested extensively on a hypothetical airshed,
designed to illustrate the key features of the method. Once
concentration distributions have been estimated, new monitoi—
ing stations can be located based on several siting criteria.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB285804/AS
Price: Paper copy $6.00 (A05)
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MACRO INVERTEBRATE SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR STREAMS IN
SEMI-ARID REGIONS: COMPARISON OF THE SURBER METHOD AND
A UNIT-EFFORT TRAVELING KICK METHOD
Hornig, C. E., and J. E. Pollard, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office
of Research and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-78-040, July 1978. 28 pp.
Abstract: Streams of the arid and semi-arid regions of
the western United States are characterized
by irregular flow patterns resulting in highly unstable
macro!nvertebrate habitats and a sparse macrobenthic fauna.
The use of a standard square-foot Surber stream-bottom
sampler is of limited utility in these regions due to the
combined effects of faunal paucity and patchiness. The
efficiency of a unit-effort traveling kick method was com-
pared with that of a standard Surber sampler in uniform
fauna-poor riffles on the White River, Utah. Comparisons
of 50 kick samples with 40 Surber samples reveals that
kick samples provided more highly reproducible data than
Surber samples in terms of counts of individuals and taxa,
percentages of composition, and diversity indices. Visual
preselection of the richest sites, however, improved the
reliability of Surber sampler data. Some differences in
organism selectivity of the two sampling methods were
noted. The Surber method attributed greater relative
importance to the more closely adherent and cryptic forms
such as the simuliids, and the kick method was relatively
biased towards easily dislodged organisms such as the
baet id mayf1ies.
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Price: Paper copy $4.50 (A03)
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QUALITY ASSURANCE GUIDELINES FOR BIOLOGICAL TESTING
Tracer Jitco, Inc., Rockville, Maryland. Contract No.
68-03-2462. Richard E. Stanley, Project Officer, EMSL-
Las Vegas, Office of Research and Development, EPA,
Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-78-043, August 1978. 600 pp.
Abstract: This guideline document was prepared to address
the need for a manual of quality assurance
practices aimed specifically at biological testing. These
guidelines draw from the good practices published for analyt-
ical and clinical laboratories, and incorporate observations
made in a number of EPA laboratories, contractor laboratories,
and biological research laboratories in general. As quality
assurance aspects of biological testing depend on the partic-
ular test system being used, these guidelines cover the
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general aspects of quality assurance, aquatic bioassay,
microbiologic assay, and mammalian bioassay. Hopefully,
attention to the principles presented in this document
will assist in improving the validity and integrity of
the data generated by biological testing.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB285369/AS
Price: Paper copy $16.50 (A25)
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TESTS OF THE DUAL DIFFERENTIAL RADIOMETER UNDER FIELD
CONDITIONS
Thomas, Robert W., EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and
Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-78-045, August 1978. 32 pp.
Abstract: A dual differential radiometer was tested on
numerous eastern United States lakes and
reservoirs. Remotely sensed data were compared with
ground-truth chlorophyll a values. Results indicate that
the instrument has only limited application in the remote
sensing of chlorophyll a in the nation's lakes. At its
present state of development, its use should be confined
to large, deep, relatively clear water bodies in conjunc-
tion with ground-truth and surface survey efforts.
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MASS BALANCE DETERMINATIONS FOR POLLUTANTS IN URBAN
REGIONS: METHODOLOGY WITH APPLICATIONS TO LEAD, ZINC,
CADMIUM, AND ARSENIC
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.
Contract No. 68-03-4034. Edward A. Schuck, Project Officer,
EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and Development, EPA,
Las Vegas, Nevada.
EPA-600/4-78-046, August 1978. 126 pp.
Abstract: A methodology is presented for constructing
mass balances for pollutants which move inter-
actively through the air, land, and water of an urban-
industrial region. Results are reported for lead, zinc,
cadmium, and arsenic based on experiments conducted
specifically for this study, and on available data from
the open literature. The principle on which the analysis
is based is the conservation of mass equation for a given
chemical element. Using chemical element balance as in
flow diagrams for the movement of pollutants through the
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environment, rates of flow and accumulation can be
estimated for the separate environmental compartments.
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Price: Paper copy $7.25 (A07)
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MERCURY, LEAD, ARSENIC, AND CADMIUM IN BIOLOGICAL TISSUE:
THE NEED FOR ADEQUATE STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS
Beckert, Werner F., EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research
and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-78-051, August 1978. 68 pp.
Abstract: The present situation of standard reference
materials consisting of plant and animal
tissues is examined. A brief literature review presents
a cross-section of published data on the incorporation
of mercury, lead, arsenic and cadmium into plant and
animal tissues. It points out the wide concentration
ranges of these elements that are encountered in bio-
logical tissue samples under environmental and experi-
mental conditions. These concentration ranges are
compared with the individual values of the corresponding
elements as determined for the biological standard refer-
ence materials presently available from the National
Bureau of Standards.
The conclusion is reached that there is a need for the
preparation of additional biological reference materials
encompassing wide concentration ranges of the elements
of interest. The parameters of importance for the cost-
effective preparation of biological tissue reference
materials are discussed. Some plant and animal species
are identified which could advantageously be used to
prepare this kind of reference material. In an appendix,
the concentrations of mercury in plant and animal tissue
samples, as presented in the literature, are listed.
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DEVELOPMENT OF A POLLUTANT MONITORING SYSTEM FOR INTER-
NATIONAL BIOSPHERE RESERVES
Wiersma, G. Bruce, Kenneth W. Brown, and Alan B. Crockett,
EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and Development, EPA,
Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-78-052, September 1978. 124 pp.
16
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Abstract: This report presents an initial approach to
identifying and solving the problems of
developing a monitoring system for Biosphere Reserves.
To date, most proposals have only focused on the selec-
tion of Reserves, pollutants to monitor, etc.; the real-
world problems of how to monitor and collect and preserve
samples and of statistical considerations and the logistics
involved, have not been considered. This report attempts
to address these problems and proposes specific field work
to determine what additional problems may be encountered
and what research is still required to enable us to develop
a responsive and cost-effective pollutant monitoring pro-
gram for Biosphere Reserves. I terns covered include sample
site selection criteria, statistical considerations, pollu-
tant level monitoring techniques suitable to background
areas, the development of biological monitors and accumula-
tors and the development and application of pollutant
impact monitoring techniques. Quality assurance require-
ments are also discussed. The above subjects are set in a
site-specific framework of Yellowstone National Park and
Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Parks.
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CARBON MONOXIDE NETWORK DESIGN METHODOLOGY—APPLICATION
IN THE LAS VEGAS VALLEY
McElroy, James L., Joseph V. Behar, Leslie M. Dunn,
Pong N. Lem, Ann M. Pitchford, Nancy T. Fisher, EMSL-
Las Vegas, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada, and Mei-Kao Liu,
Terry N. Jerskey, James P. Meyer, Jody Ames, Gary
Lundberg, Systems Applications, Incorporated, San
Rafael, California. Contract No. 68-03-2399. Edward A.
Schuck, Project Officer, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of
Research and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-78-053, September 1978. 108 pp.
Abstract: An objective methodology that uses aerometric
data and a physically based air quality simula-
tion model was proposed in a previous report for the optimal
siting of air pollutant monitoring stations in urban areas.
This report describes the continuation of that work--the appli-
cation of the proposed methodology to the urban Las Vegas
area.
The first part of this report contains an examination of
the validity of the Atmospheric Pollution Simulation Model,
a key component of the proposed methodology. It also des-
cribes an intensive field measurement program conducted to
provide the necessary data base. The second part describes
17
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the selection of meteorological scenarios associated
with high pollution potential in the Las Vegas Valley
and presents the results of the application of the
siting methodology.
One of the principal features of this methodology is the
concept of a Figure of Merit for general air qual i ty monitor-
ing. The Figure of Merit represents an average pollutant
concentration at each grid point as weighted by the fre-
quency of occurrence of meteorological scenarios.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB289875/AS
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AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS OF A COPPER SMELTER PLUME IN MONTANA,
THE ANACONDA COMPANY, ANACONDA, MONTANA, OCTOBER 1-
DECEMBER 9, 1976
Johnson, Frank G., David T. Mage, and Norman J. Cimon,
EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and Development, EPA,
Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-78-054, September 1978. 230 pp.
Abstract: A field study was conducted during October 1
to December 8, 197&> to measure parameters of
the effluent plume of The Anaconda Company's copper
smelter, Anaconda, Montana. Plume parameters were ob-
served with a helicoptei—borne air quality monitoring
system. This data report presents plume heights, plume
horizontal and vertical dispersion, and plume center!ine
concentration, and low-altitude sulfur dioxide concentra-
tions over areas of plume impaction. Nephelometer and
sulfur dioxide data have been adjusted to account for
instrument response times.
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Price: Paper copy $9.50 (All)
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GROUND-BASED SULFUR DIOXIDE MEASUREMENTS WITHIN A COPPER
SMELTER PLUME—ANACONDA, MONTANA
van Ee, J. Jeffrey, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research
and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/4-78-055, September 1978. 76 pp.
Abstract: EMSL-Las Vegas developed a mobile sulfur
dioxide (S02) instrument package for use
in the remote, rugged terrain surrounding The Anaconda
Company's copper smelter at Anaconda, Montana. The
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self-contained instrument package was used to obtain
ground-level S02 measurements in the area impacted by
the smelter plume. Wind speed, wind direction, and
temperature were also recorded at the sampling site.
The requirement for the package to be quickly deployed
in an area impacted by the smelter plume necessitated
the use of a helicopter to sling-load the package into
position. Calibration of the instruments was performed
before and after each sampling period.
The primary area of interest for S02 measurements was
the mountainous terrain south of the smelter. During
the four active months of the study, the package was
deployed 17 times. The primary and secondary S02 stand-
ards were exceeded on a number of occasions. Source
emission strength estimates, obtained by EPA-Region 8
are presented for those times when S02 was measured at
a site. These data can be used to normalize the
recorded S02 values to account for the varying SOa
emissions from the source.
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INTERAGENCY ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
INTERCOMPARISON OF PLUTONIUM-239 MEASUREMENTS
Ziegler, Lee H., EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and
Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/7-78-105, June 1978. 16 pp.
Abstract: In 1977 EPA distributed calibrated solutions of
plutonium-239 to laboratories interested in par-
ticipating in an intercomparison study of plutonium analysis.
Participants were asked to perform a quantitative radio-
activity analysis of the solution. The results reported by
all the participating laboratories are given here. Eighty-
eight percent of the reported activity values were within ±
20 percent of the activity value certified by the EPA.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB285438/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.00 (A02)
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND WORKSHOP ON SAMPLING GEOTHERMAL
EFFLUENTS
Sanyal, Subir, and Richard Weiss, Geonomics, Inc., Berkeley,
California. Contract No. 68-03-2468. Donald B. Gilmore,
Project Officer, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and
Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/7-78-121, June 1978. 256 pp.
Abstract: This \s a compilation of papers presented at the
second in a series of workshops on sampling and
analysis of geothermal effluents held February 15-17, 1977,
at Las Vegas, Nevada. The purpose of the workshop was to
continue the exchange of ideas and knowledge initiated in
the first workshop of October 1975 with the intent of even-
tually developing an acceptable set of standard geothermal
effluent sampling and analysis methods. Thirty-one papers
were presented by representatives of industry, universities
and government. All abstracts and 17 papers are published
in this document.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB290034/AS
Price: Paper copy $10.75 (A12)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
[Proceedings of the First Workshop on Sampling Geothermal Effluents,
EPA-600/9-76-011, are available from NTIS, Accession No. PB258067/AS.
Price: paper copy $9.50 (All), microfiche $3.00 (A01)]
20
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ANION EXCHANGE METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF PLUTONIUM IN
WATER: SINGLE-LABORATORY EVALUATION AND INTERLABORATORY
COLLABORATIVE STUDY
Bishop, C. T., A. A. Glosby, R. Brown, and C. A. Phillips,
Monsanto Research Corporation, Mound Facility, Miamisburg,
Ohio. Contract No. EPA-IAG-D6-0015. Erich W. Bretthauer,
Project Officer, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and
Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/7-78-122, June 1978. 80 pp.
Abstract: This report gives the results of a single-labora-
tory evaluation and an interlaboratory collabora-
tive study of a method for determining plutonium in water.
The method was written for the analysis of 1-liter samples
and involved coprecipitat ion, acid dissolution, anion ex-
change, electrodeposition, and alpha pluse-height analysis.
The complete method is given in the first appendix to the
report.
After the single-laboratory evaluation of the selected
method, four samples were prepared for the collaborative
study. There were two river water samples, a substitute
ocean water sample, and a sample containing sediment.
These samples contained piutonium-239 and plutonium-238
at concentrations ranging from 0.42 to 28.9 dis/min/1iter.
Standard deviations of the collaborative study plutonium
concentrations ranged from 5 to 13 percent. In three cases
standard deviations agreed with what was expected from
counting statistics. It is believed that hydrolysis
occurred in the river water samples resulting in errors
greater than what was expected from counting statistics.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB285435/AS
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REMOTE MONITORING OF COAL STRIP MINE REHABILITATION
Anderson, James E., and Charles E. Tanner, Lockheed
Electronics Company, Inc., Las Vegas, Nevada. Contract
No. 68-03-2636. G. J. D'Alessio, Project Officer, Western
Energy/Environmental Monitoring Study, EPA, Washington, D.C.
Gary A. Shelton, Project Manager, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of
Research and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/7-78-149, July 1978. 72 pp.
Abstract: This report discusses the accomplishments of the
Phase I Operations of the EPA/NASA joint project
and compares the results of manual photo-interpretation and
21
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automated data analysis conducted during this phase. In-
cluded in the report are the results of a feasibility study
to utilize Landsat data for performing a regional land-cover
classification of a portion of the Powder River Basin area
in northeastern Wyoming where there are numerous coal strip
mines.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB286647
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EVALUATING THE SAMPLING FREQUENCIES OF WATER QUALITY
MONITORING NETWORKS
Ward, Robert C., and Knud Strange Nielsen, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, Colorado. Contract No. CB-6-
99-2530+A. Donald B. Gilmore, Project Officer, EMSL-Las
Vegas, Office of Research and Development, EPA, Las Vegas,
Nevada
EPA-600/7-78-169, August 1978. 40 pp.
Abstract: Sampling frequency evaluation procedures presented
utilize a number of simplifying assumptions and
basic statistical methods. Employing such an approach will
facilitate use of these procedures and, therefore, set the
stage for wider understanding and use of more sophisticated
approaches that may be developed at a later date. Practical
application has been an overriding consideration in develop-
ment of these procedures.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB288367/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.50 (A03)
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GEOTHERMAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT: BASELINE DATA
FOR FOUR GEOTHERMAL AREAS IN THE UNITED STATES
Sanyal, Subir, and Richard Weiss, Geonomics, Inc., Berkeley,
California. Contract No. 68-03-2468. Donald B. Gilmore,
Project Officer, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and
Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/7-78-188, September 1978. 360 pp + 14 plates.
Abstract: This report describes the existing data on clima-
tology, hydrology, water chemistry, seismicity,
and subsidence in the Rio Grande Rift Zone, New Mexico; The
Geysers, California; the Klamath Falls, Oregon; and, with
special emphasis, The Imperial Valley, California.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB295609/AS
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Price: Paper copy $15.25 (A22)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
GEOTHERMAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SUBSURFACE
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR FOUR GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
Sanyal, Subir, and Richard Weiss, Geonomics, Inc., Berkeley,
California. Contract No. 68-03-2468. Donald B. Gilmore,
Project Officer, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and
Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/7-78-207, November 1978. 258 pp.
Abstract: This is the second in a series of reports con-
cerning the environmental assessments of effluent
extraction, energy conversion, and waste disposal in geo-
thermal systems. This study involves the subsurface environ-
mental impact of the Imperial Valley and The Geysers,
California; Klamath Falls, Oregon; and the Rio Grande Rift
Zone, New Mexico.
Order from: NTIS, No. not available
Price: Paper copy $10.75 (A12)
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ENERGY-RELATED AIR QUALITY MONITORING IN THE WESTERN
ENERGY RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AREA
Pitchford, M. L., R. N. Snelling, J. Bowen, M. Pearson,
and D. N. McNelis, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and
Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/7-78-227, November 1978. 60 pp.
Abstract: This report describes a program designed to create
an environmental data base which will be used to
assess the air quality impact of energy development in an
eight-state region (Arizona, Colorado, Montana, New Mexico,
North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming). The program was
designed to use and augment existing monitoring activities
as well as create new monitoring systems. Some of the
activities described are an airborne air quality monitoring
system, a regional particulate sampling network, a quality
assurance program, a visibility monitoring system, an air
quality simulation modeling program, and a program to in-
vestigate weather modification effects of energy-related
pollutants. This report covers a period from January 1975
to April 1977 and work was completed as of August 1977.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB293160/AS
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REGULATORY WATER QUALITY MONITORING - A SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE
Ward, Robert C., Colorado State University, Fort Collins,
Colorado. Contract No. CB-6-99-2530-A. Donald B. Gilmore,
Project Officer, EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research and
Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada.
EPA-600/7-78-228, November 1978. 32 pp.
Abstract: The purpose of this report is to describe and
analyze the evolving regulatory monitoring
system as it exists today and to develop an overall per-
spective of the total system. This involves a review of
regulatory monitoring purposes that have been identified
over the past few years; categorizing and delineating the
monitoring activities associated with regulatory monitoring;
and development of a regulatory monitoring system matrix
which provides an overall perspective of the interaction
between monitoring purposes and activities.
Order from: NTIS, No. PB292756/AS
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GEOTHERMAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT: PROCEDURES
FOR USING FAUNA AS BIOLOGICAL MONITORS OF POTENTIAL
GEOTHERMAL POLLUTANTS
Nelson, Z. C., W. W. Sutton, A. A. Mullen, W. F. Beckert,
and G. D. Potter, EMSL-Las Vegas , Office of Research and De-
velopment, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/7-78-233, December 1978. 40 pp.
Abstract: This is the first in a series of reports that
covers the feasibility of utilizing wildlife
and domestic animals to design a monitoring strategy for
assessing the environmental impact of geothermal resource
development. This study is part of an overall program
which will also include data onair, water, soil and flora.
Animal tissues and animal products were collected in the
vicinity of California and Utah geothermal development
sites. These samples are being analyzed for selected
elements so as to confirm baseline concentrations in
tissues of area fauna. Small mammal populations char-
acteristics are also being monitored at Roosevelt Hot
Springs, Utah. Laboratory studies are being conducted
to relate the ingestion of selected elements to subse-
quent changes in elemental concentration of various
tissues.
This report presents some preliminary data on trace
24
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element concentrations in tissues of wildlife and domestic
animals. Concentrations in geothermal effluents also were
determined. Quality assurance, sample collection, relative
abundance of small mammals and, especially, methodology
(sample preparational and analytical procedures) are dis-
cussed.
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MISCELLANEOUS
AUTOMATED IN SITU WATER QUALITY SENSOR WORKSHOP,
FEBRUARY 14-16, 1978
Compiled by Wruble, Donald T., Barbara Pijanowski, and
John D. Koutsandreas. EMSL-Las Vegas, Office of Research
and Development, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EPA-600/9-78-034, October 1978. 266 pp.
Abstract: A Federal agency workshop to discuss a common
interagency need for development of automated
in situ water quality sensors was held in February 1978-
The meeting was organized to focus interagency attention
on the lack of adequate automated in situ devices for
meeting national water quality measurement needs, and to
explore possible solutions to the problem by identifying
technologies that might be applied and initiating inter-
agency cooperation to consolidate required research and
development efforts.
Agency programs and academic research programs are des-
cribed. Working panels addressed sensor needs and
technological areas that might be applied to sensor
development, including electrochemical, automated wet
chemistry, optical, and electrophysical sensors. Recom-
mendations for greater development emphasis, greater
coordination within lead-agency responsibilities, and
technology emphasis are presented.
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II. PUBLICATIONS IN THE EFISL-LV SERIES*
STATUS REPORT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL DAIRY HERD MAINTAINED
ON THE NEVADA TEST SITE JANUARY 1, 1976, THROUGH
DECEMBER 31, 1976
Daley, E. M. , EMSL-Las Vegas, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EMSL-LV-0539-11, April 1978. 26pp.
Abstract: The EMSL-Las Vegas maintains an experimental
dairy herd and farm facility in Area 15 of the
Nevada Test Site for the Department of Energy. This status
report covers the period from January 1, 1976, through
December 31, 1976. Improvements, changes, and additions
made to the facilities, production and reproduction statis-
tics for individual cows and the herd, the veterinary
medicine practices employed, and summaries of the metabolism
studies that involved the dairy herd are covered in this
report.
Order from: NTIS
Price: Paper copy $4.50 (A03)
Microfiche $3.00 (A01)
FRUIT AND VEGETABLE RADIOACTIVITY SURVEY, NEVADA TEST SITE
ENVIRONS
Andrews, Vernon E., and Jack C. Vandervort, EMSL-Las Vegas,
EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EMSL-LV-0539-13, April 1978. 30 pp.
Abstract: During the 197*1 growing season, the EMSL-Las
Vegas collected samples of fruit and vegetables
grown in the off-site area surrounding the Nevada Test Site.
The objective was to estimate the potential radiological
dose to off-site residents from consumption of locally
grown foodstuffs. Irrigation water and soil were collected
"Work reported in this series was performed under,Memorandum of
Understanding No. EY-76-A-08-0539 for the U.S. Department of Energy
(formerly the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration,
formerly the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission).
27
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from the gardens and orchards sampled. Soil concentrations
of cesium-137 and plutonium-239 reflected the effects of
close-in fallout from nuclear testing at the Nevada Test
Site. The only radionuclide measured in fruit and vege-
table samples which might be related to such fallout was
strontium-90, for which the first year estimated dose to
bone marrow of an adult with an assumed rate of consumption
of food would be 0.1*1 millirad.
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ANIMAL INVESTIGATION PROGRAM 1975 ANNUAL REPORT: NEVADA
TEST SITE AND VICINITY
Smith, D. D., K. R. Giles, D. E. Bernhardt, and K. W.
Brown, EMSL-Las Vegas, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EMSL-LV-0539-14, February 1978. 90 pp.
Abstract: Data are presented from the radioanalysis of
tissues collected from cattle, deer, desert
bighorn sheep, and other wildlife that reside on or near
the Nevada Test Site during 1975. Routine activities
and special investigations of the Animal Investigation
Program are also discussed.
Other than the naturally occurring potass!um-40, gamma-
emitting radionuclides are detected infrequently. Tritium
concentrations in the tissues from most of the animals
sampled are at background levels.
Strontium-90 levels in bones from deer and cattle are
slightly lower than those reported for the preceding
year while levels in desert bighorn sheep bones were
elevated. A graph depicts the average levels found in
the bones of the three species from 1956 through 1975.
The appendices of this report list actinide concentrations
(piutonium-238, plutonium-239, uranium-234, uranium-235,
and uranium-238) found in the tissues of all animals
sampled. Graphs compare the plutonium-239 levels in lungs,
livers, and femurs from Nevada Test Site cattle for the
years 1971 through 1975. Levels reported appear to be
relatively constant for these years with bone and lung
data being nearly identical each year. Concentrations in
liver are generally a factor of 2 or 3 lower than values
for bone and lung.
Hypothetical dose estimates to man are calculated on the
basis of the daily consumption of 0.5 kilogram of liver
28
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or muscle from Nevada Test Site animals that contained
peak activity levels. The highest postulated dose is 2.2
millirems from plutonium-239 in liver from a mule deer.
All postulated doses from other radionuclides .are less
than 1 millirem, except for cesium-137 in muscle from a
mule deer. All of these postulated doses are less than
1 percent of the 500 millirems per year guide for radia-
tion doses to the general population.
A deer migration study was initiated with the successful
capture of eight mule deer which were outfitted with
radiotransmittei—equipped collars, then released, and
their movements followed on a weekly basis.
A number of Nevada Test Site springs were renovated to
provide cleaner and more dependable water sources for
wiIdli fe.
The dietary habits of desert bighorn sheep were determined
through the botanical analysis of rumen contents and are
discussed according to the geographical locations of the
animals at time of collections. In general, grasses made
up about 50 percent of the diet with approximately b5
percent provided by shrubs and the remainder coming from
forbs.
The gross and microscopic lesions found in necropsied
animals are discussed. In general, these lesions are
consistent with the physical condition of the animal and
type of population sampled. No gross or microscopic
lesions were detected that could be directly attributed
to the effects of ionizing radiation.
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OFF-SITE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT FOR THE NEVADA
TEST SITE AND OTHER TEST AREAS USED FOR UNDERGROUND
NUCLEAR DETONATIONS, JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER 1977
Grossman, R. F., EMSL-Las Vegas, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EMSL-LV-0539-18, July 1978. 150 pp.
Abstract: This report contains summaries of the EMSL-LV
dosimetry and sampling methods and analytical
procedures, and the analytical results of environmental
samples collected in support of the Department of Energy
nuclear testing activities. Where applicable, dosimetry
and sampling data are compared to appropriate guides for
external and internal exposures to ionizing radiation.
29
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In addition, a brief summary of pertinent, including
demographical, features of the Nevada Test Site environs
is presented for background information.
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FRUIT AND VEGETABLE RADIOACTIVITY SURVEY FOLLOW-ON,
NEVADA TEST SITE
Andrews, Vernon E., and Jack C. Vandervort, EMSL-Las
Vegas, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EMSL-LV-0539-19, September 1978. 26 pp.
Abstract: During the 1974 growing season, the EMSL-Las
Vegas collected samples of fruits and vege-
tables grown in the area surrounding the Nevada Test Site.
The objective was to estimate the potential radiological
dose to off-site residents from consumption of locally
grown foodstuffs. It became necessary to collect additional
samples for analysis of iron-55 and piutonium-238 and -239-
This report compiles the results of the earlier study with
these new results. No evidence was found of contamination
of foods by these radio!sotopes resulting from close-in
fallout of radioactivity from nuclear testing at the Nevada
Test Site.
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ANIMAL INVESTIGATION PROGRAM 1976 ANNUAL REPORT: NEVADA
TEST SITE AND VICINITY
Smith, D. D., K. R. Giles, D. E. Bernhardt, and K. W.
Brown, EMSL-Las Vegas, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EMSL-LV-0539-20, November 1978. 118 pp.
Abstract: Data are presented from the radioanalysis of
tissues collected from cattle and mule deer,
desert bighorn sheep, feral horses, and other wildlife
that reside on or near the Nevada Test Site during 1976.
Routine activities and special investigations of the
Animal Investigation Program are also discussed.
Other than the naturally occurring potassium-^O, gamma-
emitting radionuclides were detected infrequently with
the exception of iodine-13' in animal thyroid samples
collected after September 25 (the date of a nuclear test
by the People's Republic of China).
30
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Strontium-90 concentrations in bones from deer, cattle,
and desert bighorn sheep continued the downward trend of
recent years. Tritium concentrations were generally within
ambient limits with the exception of animals exposed to
sources of contamination; e.g., Sedan Crater, drainage
ponds from Area 12 tunnels, etc.
Analysis of actinide in tissues was emphasized during 1976.
Graphs illustrate the piutonium-239 levels in lungs, livers,
and femurs from Nevada Test Site beef cattle for the years
1971 through 1976- Femur and lung residue data are nearly
identical for each year with liver concentrations being a
factor of 2 or 3 lower.
Hypothetical dose estimates to man were calculated on the
basis of the daily consumption of 0.5 kilogram of liver
or muscle from animals that contained peak actinide levels.
The highest postulated dose was 11 millirem from tritium
from tissues for a mule deer. This dose is about 2 percent
of 500 mi 11irems/year guide for radiation doses to an
individual in the general public. All other postulated
doses for consumption of the tissue containing other radio-
nuclides are less than 0.1 percent of this guide.
The food habits of desert bighorn sheep were discussed
according to the geographic locations of the animals at
time of collection. Grasses made up approximately 60
percent of the diet at all locations, with shrubs content
approaching 30 percent and the remainder consisting of
various forbs.
The movement of 13 mule deer fitted with collars contain-
ing a radiotransmitter unit was monitored on a weekly basis.
During the winter months, several deer did not leave the
general area of their original capture while others moved
over 50 kilometers to the Timber Mountain area.
No gross or microscopic lesi-ons were found in necropsied
animals that could be directly attributable to the effect
of ionizing radiation.
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AGRONOMIC PRACTICES OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE EXPERIMENTAL
DAIRY FARM FROM 1974 THROUGH 1977
Daley, E. M., EMSL-Las Vegas, EPA, Las Vegas, Nevada
EMSL-LV-0539-21, November 1978. 40 pp.
31
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Abstract: This report is one of a series on the agro-
nomic practices of the experimental dairy farm
at the Nevada Test Site. It summarizes the agronomic
practices at the farm for the calendar years 1974 through
1977- The topics covered include land preparation and
seeding, irrigation, fertilization, weed and insect control,
and forage production. Descriptive tabular data are in-
cluded as appendices.
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METABOLISM OF AMERICIUM-241 IN DAIRY ANIMALS
Sutton, W. W., R. G. Patzer, A. A. Mullen, P. B. Hahn,
and G. D. Potter, EMSL-Las Vegas, EPA, Las Vegas,
Nevada
EMSL-LV-0539-22, October 1978. 26 pp.
Abstract: Groups of lactating cows and goats were used
to examine americium-241 metabolism in dairy
animals. Following either single oral or intravenous
nuclide doses, samples of milk, urine, blood and feces
were taken over a 168-hour collection period and the
americium concentrations were determined by gamma count-
ing .
Gastrointestinal uptake of americium by both cows and
goats was estimated to be 0.014 percent of the respective
oral doses. The cumulative percentage of oral dose trans-
ported to milk and urine was 4.4 x 10-4 and 1.1 x 10-3
respectively for cows and 4.4 x 10-3and 1.2 x 10-3 respec-
tively for goats. The relatively high americium concentra-
tions noted in caprine milk following the oral doses are
discussed. Plasma concentrations of americium decreased
rapidly following all intravenous injections. The average
percentage of injected americium transferred to milk, urine
and feces was 3, 6 and 2 percent respectively for cows and
2, 4 and 2 percent respectively for goats. In both
intravenously dosed groups, approximately 30 percent of
all americium released from the body was found in the
urine during the first 24 hours after injection.
All animals were sacrificed 8 to 9 days after dosing.
Bovine bone retained the greatest fraction of the admin-
istered dose followed by the liver. However, liver
retained the greatest amount of americium in the goats
following both oral and intravenous doses. Comparisons
32
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are presented between amer ici um-21)! and plutonium-238
transport in dairy cows.
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33
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Ill, OTHER PUBLICATIONS
JOURNAL ARTICLES
TRITIUM ACCUMULATION IN LETTUCE FUMIGATED WITH ELEMENTAL
McFarlane, J. C.
Environ. Exp. Bot., 18, pp. 131-138. 1978
Abstract: Lettuce plants fumigated with elemental
tritium accumulated tritium in the plant
water as well as in the organic constituents. The
conversion rate of elemental tritium to tritiated
water varied from 0.5 nanocuries per minute per pot at
the start to 0.8 nanocuries per minute per pot at the
termination of the 24 day exposure to an air concen-
tration of 5 nanocuries per liter. Based on the con-
centration of tritium in various plant tissues, foliar
absorption was postulated as the route of plant con-
tamination. The data indicated that an enzymatical1y
facilitated conversion on the leaf or soil surface was
the probable mechanism.
(Also published as EPA-600/3-76-006, January 1976)
ENVIRONMENTAL TRITIUM OXIDATION IN SURFACE SOIL
McFarlane, James C., Robert D. Rogers, and Donald V.
Bradley, Jr.
Environ. Sci. Technol. 12:5, pp. 590-593. May 1978
Abstract: The site, rate, and method of oxidation of
elemental tritium (T2 or HT) to tritiated
water (HTO) were determined. Exposure of leaves
(attached or detached), sterilized clay loam, and
various extractable nonliving soil components to HT
resulted in less than 4 percent conversion to HTO
after 48 hours. However, exposure of natural (unsteri-
1ized) clay loam or of steri1ized soil inoculated with
a water extract from the former yielded over 97 percent
conversion. This reaction occurred primarily near the
soil surface. Microbial isolations from the soil yielded
bacteria that were able to reproduce this reaction in
solution. This reaction is considered important due to
34
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the expectation of increasingly large atmospheric tritium
discharges from nuclear fuel reprocessing plants, which
may result in significaat contamination of food and water
with HTO.
ENERGY RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT: THE MONITORING COMPONENTS
Morgan, George B.
Environ. Sci. Technol. 12:1, pp. 35-43. January 1978
Abstract: At the same time that this nation is developing
its coal resources in the western part of the
United States, it is developing air and water instrumenta-
tion and monitoring techniques to ensure adequate surveil-
lance and safeguards protective of health and welfare. This
article covers 18 papers from eight different Federal agencies
involved in a multimedia, interdisciplinary approach toward
evaluating the total effects of energy development upon the
environment. Through such an interagency effort, it is
possible to develop a compatible data base to determine the
source, transport and fate of environmental pollutants. It is
only from such a compatible data base that logical decisions
can be made as to the types of strategies for energy resource
development.
PLUTONIUM UPTAKE BY PLANTS GROWN IN SOIL CONTAINING
PLUTONIUM-238 DIOXIDE PARTICLES
Brown, K. W., and J. C. McFarlane
Health Phys. (NOTES), Vol. 35, pp. 481-485, September 1978
EPA-600/J-78-115
Abstract: Three plant species--alfalfa, lettuce, and
radishes—were grown in soils contaminated
with plutonium-238 dioxide at concentrations of 23, 69,
92, and 342 nanocuries per gram. The length of exposure
varied from 60 days for the lettuce and radishes to 358
days for the alfalfa. The magnitude of plutonium incor-
poration as indicated by the discrimination ratios for
these species, after being exposed to the relatively
insoluble PuO.2, was similar to previously reported data
using different chemical forms of plutonium.
Evidence indicates that the predominant factor in plutonium
uptake by plants may involve the chelation of plutonium con-
tained in the soils by the action of compounds such as
citric acid and/or other similar chelating agents released
from the plant roots.
(Also published as EPA-600/3-77-052, May 1977)
35
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BASE-LINE GROWTH STUDIES OF 'GRAND RAPIDS' LETTUCE IN
CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTS
Hammer, P. Allen, T. W. Tibbitts, Robert W. Langhans, and
J, Craig McFarlane
J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 103:5, pp. 649-655. 1978
Abstract: 'Grand Rapids' lettuce (Laotusa sativa U was
grown in four different control]ed environment
facilities to establish base-line growth ("normal") rates
under a standard set of environmental conditions. Growing
and environmental measurement procedures to minimize
variability and environmental measuring instruments to set
environmental conditions are described. The variation in
growth within laboratories was greater than the variation
among laboratories. The base-line data, with described
procedures, can be used to compare lettuce growth in other
growth chambers and provides a biological check for opera-
tion and environmental control in research facilities.
36
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PRESENTATIONS PUBLISHED IN PROCEEDINGS
FOOD HABITS OF DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP IN NEVADA, 1956 --
1976
Brown, K. W., D. D. Smith, and R. P. McQuivey
Presented: Desert Bighorn Council
Las Cruces, New Mexico
April 6-8, 1977
Published: Desert Bighorn Council 1977 Transactions
Death Valley National Monument
Death Valley, California, pp. 32-61
INCORPORATION OF TRANSURANICS INTO VEGETABLE AND FIELD
CROPS GROWN AT THE NEVADA TEST SITE
Au, F. H. F., V. D. Leavitt, W. F. Beckert, and J. C.
McFarlane
Presented: Plutonium Information Conference
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
Las Vegas, Nevada
March 1-k, 1977
Published: Transuranics in Desert Ecosystems. U.S. Depart-
ment of Energy, Las Vegas, Nevada. November 1977-
Publication No. NVO-181. pp. 1-15
THE SOLUBILITY OF NEPTUNIUM-234 IN AN ARTIFICIAL RUMEN AND
SIMULATED BOVINE GASTROINTESTINAL FLUIDS
Earth, Julius
Presented: Plutonium Information Conference
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
Las Vegas, Nevada
March 3-4, 1977
Published: Transuranics in Desert Ecosystems. U.S. Depart-
ment of Energy, Las Vegas, Nevada. November 1977-
Publication No. NVO-181. pp. 221-228
ENVIRONMENTAL PLUTONIUM LEVELS NEAR THE NEVADA TEST SITE
Bliss, W. A., and F. M. Jakubowski
Presented: Plutonium Information Conference
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
37
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Las Vegas, Nevada
March $-k, 1977
Published: Transuranics in Desert Ecosystems. U.S. Depart-
ment of Energy, Las Vegas, Nevada. November 1977-
Publication No. NVO-181. pp. 187-205
ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND MILK SECRETION OF NEPTUNIUM
IN THE DAIRY GOAT
Mullen, A. A., S. R. Lloyd, R. E. Mosley, G. D. Potter,
and R. G. Patzer
Presented: Plutonium Information Conference
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
Las Vegas, Nevada
March 3-*t, 1977
Published: Transuranics in Desert Ecosystems. U.S. Depart-
ment of Energy, Las Vegas, Nevada. November 1977-
Publication No. NVO-181. pp. 267-279
COMPARISONS OF CURIUM-243 AND PLUTONIUM-238 BIOLOGICAL
TRANSPORT IN DAIRY ANIMALS FOLLOWING INTRAVENOUS INJECTION
Patzer, R. G., W. W. Button, P. B. Hahn, and G. D. Potter
Presented: Plutonium Information Conference
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
Las Vegas, Nevada
March 3-k, 1977
Published: Transuranics in Desert Ecosystems. U.S. Depart-
ment of Energy, Las Vegas, Nevada. November 1977-
Publication No. NVO-181. pp. 243-265
ACTINIDE CONCENTRATIONS IN TISSUES FROM CATTLE GRAZING A
CONTAMINATED RANGE
Smith, D. D., and D. E. Earnhardt
Presented: Plutonium Information Conference
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
Las Vegas, Nevada
March 3-k, 1977
Published: Transuranics in Desert Ecosystems. U.S. Depart-
ment of Energy, Las Vegas, Nevada. November 1977-
Publication No. NVO-181. pp. 281-303
38
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PLUTONIUM RETENTION IN DAIRY CALVES FOLLOWING INGESTION
OF EITHER IN VIVO LABELED OR IN VITRO LABELED MILK
Button, W. W., R. G. Patzer, P. B. Hahn, and G. D. Potter
Presented: Plutonium Information Conference
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
Las Vegas, Nevada
March 3-4, 1977
Published: Transuranics in Desert Ecosystems. U.S. Depart-
ment of Energy, Las Vegas, Nevada. November 1977-
Publication No. NVO-181. pp. 229-2*11
QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR AIRBORNE CONTACT MONITORING
Hansen, D. Alan
Presented: Aerial Techniques for Environmental
Monitoring Topical Symposium
American Nuclear Society
Las Vegas, Nevada
March 7-11 , 1977
Published: Topical Symposium Proceedings, American
Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, Illinois
ISBN No. 0-90448-104-5. pp. 238-241
PLUME CHARACTERIZATION FOR ENFORCEMENT PURPOSES
Johnson, Frank G., and David T. Mage
Presented: Aerial Techniques for Environmental
Monitoring Topical Symposium
American Nuclear Society
Las Vegas, Nevada
March 7-11, 1977
Published: Topical Symposium Proceedings, American
Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, Illinois
ISBN No. 0-90448-104-5. pp. 105-115
AN ACTIVE SYSTEM FOR REMOTE AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS OF S02
IN SMOKE STACK PLUMES (Abstract)
Thompson, Richard
Presented: Aerial Techniques for Environmental
Monitoring Topical Symposium
39
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Published:
American Nuclear Society
Las Vegas, Nevada
March 7-11, 1977
Topical Symposium Proceedings, American
Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, Illinois
ISBN No. 0-90448-104-5. p. 116
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHIC SURVEY OF VEGETATION DAMAGE CAUSED BY
AN AIR POLLUTION INCIDENT
Williams, David R., and James H. Long
Presented: Aerial Techniques for Environmental
Monitoring Topical Symposium
American Nuclear Society
Las Vegas, Nevada
March 7-11, 1977
Published: Topical Symposium Proceedings, American
Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, Illinois
ISBN No. 0-90448-104-5. pp. 127-135
A 16-DETECTOR ALPHA SPECTROMETER US ING 1 MULTICHANNEL
ANALYZER
Phillips, William G.
Presented: Eleventh Midyear Topical Symposium on
Radiation Instrumentation
Health Physics Society
San Diego, California
January 17-19, 1978
Published: Proceedings of the Health Physics Society,
Eleventh Midyear Topical Symposium on Radia-
tion Instrumentation. 1978. pp. 248-257
PHOTO INTERPRETATION KEYS FOR HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SPILL
CONDITIONS
Landers, R. W., and H. V. Johnson
Presented: 1978 National Conference and Exhibition
on Control of Hazardous Material Spills
Miami Beach, Florida
April 10-14, 1978
40
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Published: Control of Hazardous Material Spills,
Proceedings of the 1978 National Conference
on Control of Hazardous Material Spills.
Library of Congress Catalog No. 78-55400.
pp. 124-127
MONITORING OF AIR AND WATER QUALITY IN THE WESTERN REGION
McNeils, David N., and Rudolf F. Pueschel
Presented: Third National Conference on the
Interagency Energy/Environment R&D
Program
Washington, D.C.
June 1-2, 1978
Published: Energy/Environment II. U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C. October 1978. Publication No,
EPA-600/9-78-002. pp. 95-112
MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF LAND AND SEA BREEZES IN THE
TAMPA/ST, PETERSBURG AREA
Liu, Mei-Kao, Thomas C. Myers, and James L. McElroy
Presented: Summer Computer Simulation Conference
Society for Computer Simulation
Newport Beach, California
July 24-26, 1978
Published: Proceedings of Summer Computer Simula-
tion Conference. 1978. pp. 542-547
AFIPS Press, Mont vale, New Jersey
INTRODUCTION TO THE SYMPOSIUM, AND
A QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM IN GROWTH CHAMBER RESEARCH
McFarlane, James C.
Presented: The XXth International Horticultural
Congress
Sidney, Austral ia
August 22, 1978
41
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Published: Phytotronic Newsletter 19, Growth Chamber
Environments, Proceedings of a Symposium
held at the XXth International Horticultural
Congress. Secretariat Phytotronique,
Phytotron C.N.R.S., 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette-
France. pp. 1 and 57-61
INTRODUCTION TO THE SYMPOSIUM
McFarlane, James C.
Presented: The 74th Annual Meeting, American Society for
Horticultural Science
Symposium on Controlled Environments in
Horticultural Research
Salt Lake City, Utah
October 13, 1977
Published: HortScience, 13:'*, August 1978, p. kk(>
42
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MISCELLANEOUS
LIGHT
McFarlane, J. Craig
Environmental Control for Plants, A Growth Chamber Manual,
Chapter 1.Comstock Publishing Associates,Cornell Uni-
versity Press, Ithaca, New York. pp. 15-44
REMOTE SENSING FOR AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Melfi, S. H.
Laser Monitoring of the Atmosphere. Springer-Verlag,
New York, 1976. pp. 9-28
THE EXCELLENT BUT DETERIORATING AIR QUALITY IN THE LAKE
POWELL REGION
Walther, Eric G., William C. Malm, and Robert Cudney,
Visibility Research Center, John Muir Institute for
Environmental Studies, Inc., in collaboration with
the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Department of
Physics. 172 pp.
Abstract: This report presents the findings, conclusions,
and recommendations made during k-}/2 years of
measuring air quality in the Lake Powell region and collect-
ing the data from other measurement programs. This report
builds on the earlier results presented in Bulletin 3 ("Air
Quality in the Lake Powell Region," out of print) of the
Lake Powell Research Project.
Although the air quality of the Lake Powell region is still
excellent (as of 1977) > several variables indicate it is
deteriorating. This deterioration shows up in the data
for visual range, turbidity, sulfur dioxide, sulfates, sul-
fation rate, and aerosol mass concentration. The timing of
these changes does not clearly indicate that the Navajo
Generating Station is the cause of the deterioration.
Methane and ethane concentrations downwind of Page are
anomalously lower than the concentrations in Page and at
remote sites.
The turbidity coefficients at 380 nanometers are anama-
lously lower than those at 500 nanometers during 1973, most
of 197**, and occasionally during 1975 and 197&-
43
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It is important to continue selected measurements in the
future in order to monitor important trends and to learn
which sources are causing deterioration. Measurements
of visual range, turbidity, some hydrocarbons, oxidant,
nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, sulfates, and sulfation
rate should continue to be made.
Order from: Department of Physics
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Las Vegas, Nevada 89154
44
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IV. UNPUBLISHED PRESENTATIONS AT SCIENTIFIC
AND PROFESSIONAL MEETINGS
THE EFFECT OF S02 ON SOIL MICROORGANISM ACTIVITY*
McFarlane, J. C., R. D. Rogers, and D. V. Bradley, Jr.
Presented: Program Review for Coal Fired Power
Plant Study
Corvallis, Oregon
January 17-19, 1978
APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING TO VEGETATION INJURY CAUSED
BY AIR POLLUTION*
Williams, David R.
Presented: Symposium on Remote Sensing for
Vegetation Damage Assessment
Seattle, Washington
February 1^-16, 1978
MICROBIAL CONTRIBUTION TO PLUTONIUM BIOAVAILABILITY AND
TRANSPORT TO THE ENVIRONMENT*
Au, Frederick H. F., and Werner F. Beckert
Presented: Plutonium Information Conference
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
San Diego, California
February 28-March 2, 1978
SOIL SURVEYS AND PROFILE DESCRIPTIONS OF PLUTONIUM-CONTAM-
INATED AREAS ON THE TEST RANGE COMPLEX IN NEVADA—1970-1977 *
Leavitt, Verr D.
Presented: Plutonium Information Conference
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
* To appear in proceedings
45
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San Diego, California
February 28-March 2, 1978
OVERVIEW OF THE EPA BIOENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH PROGRAM NAEG
RESEARCH*
Bretthauer, E. W.
Presented: Plutonium Information Conference
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
San Diego, California
February 28-March 2, 1978
AREA 13 GRAZING STUDIES—ADDITIONAL DATA*
Smith, D. D.
Presented: Plutonium Information Conference
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
San Diego, California
February 28-March 2 , 1978
METABOLISM OF AMERICIUM-241 IN DAIRY ANIMALS*
Sutton, W. W., R. G. Patzer, A. A. Mullen, P. B. Hahn, and
G. D. Potter
Presented: Plutonium Information Conference
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
San Diego, California
February 28-March 2, 1978
THE SOLUBILITY OF AMERICIUM-241 IN IN VITRO BOVINE
RUMINAL-GASTROINTESTINAL FLUIDS AND PREDICTED TISSUE
RETENTION AND MILK SECRETION OF FIELD-INGESTED AMERICIUM-
241*
Earth, Julius
Presented: Plutonium Information Conference
Nevada Applied Ecology Group
San Diego, California
February 28-March 2 , 1978
* To appear in proceedings
46
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BIOLOGICAL MONITORING TECHNIQUES FOR ASSESSING EXPOSURE*
Wiersma, G. B., R. D. Rogers, J. C. McFarlane, and D. V.
Bradley, Jr.
Presented: Biological Monitoring Symposium
Raleigh, North Carolina
March 21-22, 1978
BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF AVAILABLE TOXIC MATERIALS
Rogers, R. D., D. V. Bradley, and J. C. McFarlane
Presented: Biological Monitoring Symposium
Raleigh, North Carolina
March 21-22, 1978
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMAND PROCEDURE FILES*
Briggs, James M.
Presented: ORD ADP Workshop 111
Athens, Georgia
May 10, 1978
STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING: A CASE STUDY*
Allison, George C.
Presented: ORD ADP Workshop III
Athens, Georgia
May 10, 1978
ANALYSIS OF AEROMETRIC DATA COLLECTED BY AIRCRAFT DURING A
STAGNATION PERIOD IN WASHINGTON, D.C., AUGUST 1976*
Fitzsimmons, Charles K., Karl Zeller, Michael J. Pearson
Presented: Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution
Control Association
Houston, Texas
June 25-29, 1978
* To appear in proceedings
47
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PLUME DISPERSION IN COMPLEX TERRAIN*
Johnson, F. G.
Presented: Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution
Control Association
Houston, Texas
June 25-29, 1978
ACID DISSOLUTION METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF PLUTONIUM-239
AND PLUTONIUM-238 IN SOIL
Whittaker, E. L., and G. E. Grothaus
Presented: Conference on Effluent and Environmental
Radiation Surveillance
Johnson State College
Johnson, Vermont
July 13, 1978
(Published as EPA-600/7-79-081, Acid Dissolution Method for the
Analysis of Plutonium in Soil: Evaluation of an interlaboratory
collaborative test and comparison with results of a fusion method
test.)
THE STATUS AND QUALITY OF RADIATION MEASUREMENTS IN
WATER—1977*
Shawver, J. M.
Presented: Conference on Effluent and Environmental
Radiation Surveillance
Johnson State College
Johnson, Vermont
July 13, 1978
USE OF REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY TO CONSTRUCT AND VALIDATE
A DYNAMIC BASIN SIMULATION MODEL
Hill, J. M., and Steve Graham
Presented: Verification of Mathematical and
Physical Models
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland
August 11, 1978
* To appear in proceedings
48
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NEW DISTRIBUTIONS AND HABITAT OF COELASTRUM RETICULATUM
VAR. POLYCHORDON KORSCHIKOV (CHLOROCOCCALES) IN INLAND
LAKES OF THE UNITED STATES
Taylor, W. D.
Presented: Phycological Society of America
Annual Meeting
Athens, Georgia
August 20-25, 1978
Abstract published in Supplement to J. Phycol. 14, p. 23, June 1978
(Abstract No. 19)
COMPARISON OF SOME NEW AND OLD INDICES AND MEASUREMENTS OF
LAKE TROPHIC STATE
Taylor, W. D., L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern, and V. W. Lambou
Presented: Phycological Society of America
Annual Meeting
Athens, Georgia
August 20-25, 1978
Abstract published in Supplement to J. Phycol. 14, p. 22, June 1978
(Abstract No. 18)
PRODUCTIVITY RESPONSES TO CHANGES IN HYDROLOGICAL REGIMES
IN THE ATCHAFALAYA BASIN, LOUISIANA*
Hern, Stephen C., and Victor W. Lambou
Presented: Environmental Effects of Hydraulic
Engineering Works
Knoxville, Tennessee
September 12-14, 1978
METROLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Morgan, George B., Thomas R. Hauser, and Dwight G. Ballinger
Presented: 1978 Symposium of the National
Conference of Standards Laboratories
Washington, D.C.
October 4, 1978
* To appear in proceedings
49
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A LIGHT AIRCRAFT CAMERA POD, THE ENVIRO-ROD
Howard, Gordon E., Jr.
Presented: American Society of Photogrammetry
Albuquerque, New Mexico
October 15-21 , 1978
MULTISPECTRAL SCANNING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
McNeils, D. N., and R. W. Landers
Presented: Water and Wastewater Symposium
Miami, Florida
November 12-16, 1978
THE FATE OF BENZENE IN SOIL
Rogers, R. D.
Presented: American Society of Soil Science
Chicago, Illinois
December 3, 1978
50
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V. WORKING PAPER SERIES
EPA NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY WORKING PAPER
SERIES, 1978
The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated
in 1972 to investigate the nationwide threat of accel-
erated eutrophication to freshwater lakes and reservoirs.
The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with
State and environmental agencies, information on nutri-
ent sources, concentrations and impact on selected
freshwater lakes. This information provides a basis
for formulating comprehensive and coordinated national,
regional and State management practices relating to
point source discharge reduction and nonpoint source
pollution abatement in lake watersheds. Lake sampling
was completed in November 1975.
Reports of data on individual lakes are being
prepared cooperatively by the Special Studies Section,
Criteria and Assessment Division, Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Laboratory, 200 SW 35th Street,
Corvallis, Oregon 97330, and the Water and Land Quality
Branch, Monitoring Operations Division, EMSL-Las Vegas,
P. 0. Box 15027, Las Vegas, Nevada 89114.
Working papers listed here are available from NTIS
and, as long as their supplies last, from the groups
which prepared the reports.
Working Date in
Paper No. 1978 Title
739 June Lake Arnador, Amador County, California
7^0 June Boca Reservoir, Nevada County,
Cali fornia
741 June Lake Britton, Shasta County, California
7^2 June Lake Casitas, Ventura County, California
7^3 June Lake Crowley, Mono County, California
7't't June Don Pedro Reservoir, Tuolumne County,
Cali forn ia
51
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Working
Paper No.
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
827
Date in
1978
June
June
June
June
June
June
February
February
February
February
March
March
June
June
June
June
June
June
March
Title
Lake Elsinore, Riverside County,
Cal i forni a
Fallen Leaf Lake, El Dorado County,
Cal i fornia
Lake Hennessey, Napa County, California
Lake Henshaw, San Diego County,
Ca 1 i forn ia
Iron Gate Reservoir, Siskiyou County,
Cal i forn ia
Lopez Reservoir, San Luis Obispo County,
Ca 1 i forn ia
Lake Mary, Mono County, California
Lake Mendocino, Mendocino County,
Cal i forn ia
Nicasio Reservoir, Marin County,
Cal i forn ia
Lower Otay Reservoir, San Diego County,
Cal i fornia
Lake Pillsbury, Lake County, California
Santa Margarita Lake, San Luis Obispo
County, California
Shasta Lake, Shasta County, California
Shaver Lake, Fresno County, California
Siver Lake, Mono County, California
Tul lock Reservoir, Calaveras and Tuolumne
Counties, California
Lower Twin Lake, Mono County, California
Upper Twin Lake, Mono County, California
Brownlee Reservoir, Baker County, Oregon
and Washington County, Idaho
828
January
Diamond Lake, Douglas County, Oregon
52
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Working Date in
Paper No. 1978 Title
829 April Hells Canyon Reservoir, Baker and
Wai Iowa Counties, Oregon, and Adams and
Idaho Counties, Idaho
830 January Hills Creek Reservoir, Lane County,
Oregon
831 January Lake Owyhee, Malheur County, Oregon
832 March Oxbow Reservoir, Baker County, Oregon,
and Adams County, Idaho
833 January Suttle Lake, Jefferson County, Oregon
834 January Waldo Lake, Lane County, Oregon
NES WORKING PAPERS AUTHORED BY EMSL-LAS VEGAS PERSONNEL
PHYTOPLANKTON WATER QUALITY RELATIONSHIPS IN U.S. LAKES,
PART I: METHODS, RATIONALE, AND DATA LIMITATIONS
Taylor, W. D., L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou,
F. A. Morris, and M. K. Morris
NES Working Paper No. 705
(Also published as EPA-600/3-79-021, March 1979.)
PHYTOPLANKTON WATER QUALITY RELATIONSHIPS IN U.S. LAKES,
PART II: GENERA ACANTHOSPHAERA THROUGH CYSTODINIUM
COLLECTED FROM EASTERN AND SOUTHEASTERN LAKES
Williams, L. R., S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris,
M. K. Morris, and W. D. Taylor
NES Working Paper No. 706
(Also published as EPA-600/3-79-022, March 1979.)
PHYTOPLANKTON WATER QUALITY RELATIONSHIPS IN U.S. LAKES,
PART III: GENERA DACTYLQCOCCOPSIS THROUGH GRYOSIGMA
COLLECTED FROM EASTERN AND SOUTHEASTERN LAKES
Hern, S. C., V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris,
W. D. Taylor, and L. R. Williams
NES Working Paper No. 707,
(Also published as EPA-600/3-79-023, March 1979.)
PHYTOPLANKTON WATER QUALITY RELATIONSHIPS IN U.S. LAKES,
PART IV: GENERA ANTZSCHIA THROUGH PTEROMONAS COLLECTED
53
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FROM EASTERN AND SOUTHEASTERN LAKES
Lambou, V. W., F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris, W. D. Taylor,
L. R. Williams, and S. C. Hern
NES Working Paper No. 708
(Also published as EPA-600/3-79-024, March 1979.)
PHYTOPLANKTON WATER QUALITY RELATIONSHIPS IN U.S. LAKES,
PART V: GENERA QUADRIGULA THROUGH ZYGNEMA COLLECTED
FROM EASTERN AND SOUTHEASTERN LAKES
Morris, M. K., W. D. Taylor, L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern,
V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris
NES Working Paper No. 709
(Also published as EPA-600/3-79-025, March 1979.)
COMPARISON OF MODELS PREDICTING AMBIENT LAKE PHOSPHORUS
CONCENTRATIONS
Hern, S. C., V. W. Lambou, and L. R. Williams
NES Working Paper No. 704
(Also published as EPA-600/3-79-012, February 1979.)
DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN ARKANSAS LAKES
Hilgert, J. W., F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris, W. D. Taylor,
L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern, and V. W. Lambou
NES Working Paper No. 694
(Also published as EPA-600/3-78-101, December 1978.)
DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN FLORIDA LAKES
Taylor, W. D., F. A. Hiatt, S. C. Hern, J. W. Hilgert,
V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris, R. W. Thomas, M. K. Morris,
and L. R. Williams
NES Working Paper No. 679
(Also published as EPA-600/3-78-085, September 1978.)
54
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AUTHOR/PROJECT OFICER INDEX
Allen, P. - 36
A) 1ison, George C. - 47
*Ames, Jody - 17
"Anderson, James E. - 21
Andrews, Vernon E. - 27, 30
Au, Frederick H. F. - 37, 45
*Bach, Walter D. , Jr. - 11
*Ballinger, Dwight G. - 49
Barth, Julius - 37, 46
Batterman, Allan R. - 8
Beckert, Werner F. - 16, 2k,
37, 45
Behar, Joseph V. - 17
*Bernhardt, D. E. - 28, 30, 38
*Bishop, C. T. - 21
Bliss, W. A. - 37
Bowen, J. - 23
Bradley, Donald V., Jr. - 34,
45, 47
Bretthauer, Erich W. - 21, 46
Briggs, James M. - 47
Brown, Kenneth W. - 8, 16, 28,
30, 35, 37
-Not on staff of EMSL-Las Vegas
-Brown, R. - 21
"California Institute of
Technology - 15
*Cimon, Norman J. - 18
-Clayton, C. Andrew - 11
Crockett, Alan B. - 8, 16
-Cudney, Robert - 43
-D'Alessio, G. J. - 21
Daley, E. M. - 27, 31
Dunn, Leslie M. - 17
Fisher, Nancy T. - 17
Fitzsimmons, Charles K. -47
Fortmann, L. C. - 5
Gay, D. D. - 5
Giles, K. R. - 28, 30
Gilmore, Donald B. -20, 22, 23,
24
*Glosby, A. A. - 21
"Graham, Steve -48
Grossman, R. F. - 29
Grothaus, G. E. - 48
Hahn, P. B. - 32, 38, 39, 46
55
-------
-Hammer, P. Allen - 36
-Hansen, D. Alan - 39
*Hauser, Thomas R. - 49
Hern, Stephen C. - 1 , 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 49, 53, 54
*Hiatt, F. A. - 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 54
*Hilgert, J. W. - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 54
Hill, J. M. - 48
Hornig, C. E. - 14
Howard, Gordon E., Jr. - 11,
50
Jakubowski, F. M. - 37,
•1;Jerskey, Terry N. - 17
Johnson, Frank G. - 18, 39, 48
^Johnson, H. V. - 40
*Koda, Masato - 13
"Koutsandreas, John D. - 26
Lambou, Victor W. - 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 49, 53,
54
Landers, R. W. - 40, 50
»Langhans, Robert W. - 36
Leavitt, Verr D. - 37, 45
Lem, Pong N. - 17
*Liu, Mei-Kao - 17, 41
Lloyd, S. R. - 38
•''Not on staff of EMSL-Las Vegas
-Long, James H. - 40
"Lundberg, Gary - 17
Mage, David T. - 18, 39
Malm, Wi 1 Mam C. - 43
McElroy, James L. -11, 13, 17,
41
McFarlane, J. C. - 7, 8, 34, 35,
36, 37, 41, 42, 43, 45, 47
McNeils, David N. - 23, 41 , 50
*McQuivey, R. P. - 37
Melfi , S. H. - 43
-Meyer, James P. - 17
Morgan, George B. - 35, 49
*Morris, F. A. - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 53, 54
*Morris, M. K. - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 53, 54
Mosley, R. E. - 38
Mullen, A. A. -24, 32, 38. 46
•-Myers, Thomas C. - 41
Nelson, Z. C. - 24
"Nielsen, Knud Strange - 22
Patzer, R. G. - 32, 38, 39, 46
Pearson, Michael J. - 23, 47
*Phil1ips, C. A. - 21
Phi 11ips, Wi11iam G. - 40
"Pijanowski, Barbara -26
56
-------
Pitchford, Ann M. - 17
Pitchford, M. L. - 23
*Pollard, J. E. - 14
Potter, G. D. - 2k, 32, 38, 39,
46
*Pueschel , Rudolf F. - 41
Quality Assurance Branch - 12
Rogers, Robert D. - 6, 7, 34,
45, 47, 50
*Sanya1 , Subir - 20, 22, 23
Schuck, Edward A. - 15, 17
^Seinfeld, John H. - 13
Shawver, J. M. - 48
Shelton, Gary A. - 21
"Small, Benjamin - 10
Smith, D. D. - 28, 30, 37, 38
46
Snelling, R. N. - 23
Stanley, Richard E. - 14
Sutton, W. W. - 24, 32, 38,
39, 46
-Tanner, Charles E. - 21
Taylor, W. D. - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 49, 53, 54
Thomas, Robert W. - 1, 15, 54
Thompson, Richard - 39
ftTibbitts, T. W. - 36
"Tracor Jitco, Inc. - 14
"Not on staff of EMSL-Las Vegas
van Beek, Johannes L. - 10
van Ee, J. Jeffrey - 18
Vandervort, Jack C. - 27, 30
Vukovich, Fred M. - 11
Walther, Eric G. - 43
Ward, Robert C. - 22, 24
Weiss, Richard - 20, 22, 23
Whittaker, E. L. - 48
Wicker, Karen - 10
Wiersma, G. B. - 8, 16, 47
Wi11iams, David R. - 40, 45
Wi11iams, Llewellyn R. - 1 , 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 49,
53, 54
Wirtz, K. 0. - 5
Wolle, Frank R. - 11
Wruble, Donald T. - 26
Zeller, Karl - 47
Ziegler, Lee H. - 13, 20
57
T«J.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1979-693 091/2117
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