rxEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
4301
EPA-820-B-9 5-004
March 1995
Great Lakes Water
Quality Initiative
Criteria Documents
for the Protection
of Aquatic Life in
Ambient Water
-------
DISCLAIMER
This document has been reviewed by the Health and Ecological
Criteria Division, Office of Science and Technology, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication
as a support document for the Great Lakes Water Quality
Initiative. Mention of trade names and commercial products
does not constitute endorsement of their use.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Technical support for preparation of this document was
provided to the Office of Water by Charles E. Stephan of the
Office of Research and Development, Environmental Research
Laboratory, Duluth, MN.
AVAILABILITY NOTICE
This document is available for a fee upon written request or
telephone call to:
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U.S. Department of Commerce
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(800) 553-6847
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NTIS Document Number: PB95187282
or
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GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE
AMBIENT WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
FOR THE PROTECTION OF AQUATIC LIFE
Arsenic (III) A-l
Cadmium B-1
Chromium(III) C-l
Chromium (VI) D-l
Copper E-l
Cyanide F-l
Dieldrin G-l
Endrin H-l
Lindane . . . 1-1
Mercury (II) J-1
Nickel K-l
Parathion L-l
Pentachlorophenol M-l
Selenium N-l
Zinc 0-1
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INTRODUCTION
The GLI aquatic life criteria contained herein were derived using
the procedures described in Appendix A to Part 132: Great Lakes
Water Quality Initiative Methodologies for Development of Aquatic
Life Criteria and Values. It will be necessary to understand
these procedures in order to understand the derivations presented
herein.
In the derivation of the GLI aquatic life criteria, new data that
were considered to be of acceptable quality were used along with
the data in the criteria documents published by the U.S. EPA.
"New data" are data that became available since the last
literature search used in the preparation of the criteria
documents by U.S. EPA and prior to January 1993. Some errors in
the U.S. EPA criteria documents were corrected and the new
taxonomy for salmonids was used; some SMAVs and GMAVs are
different from those in the U.S. EPA criteria documents due to
the preference for results of "FT,M" tests. Although some new
data could have been used to revise the slopes relating acute
and/or chronic toxicity to hardness or pH, it was decided that
revision was not necessary at this time. Thus all of the slopes
used herein are .the same as those used in the criteria documents
published by U.S. EPA.
Four digits are given in the concentrations in criteria because
these are intermediate values in the derivation of permit limits.
The GLI methodology specifies Minimum Data Requirements (MDRs)
for chronic data and also describes how the available chronic
data should be used. ACRs determined with saltwater species can
be used if the Minimum Data Requirements are not satisfied by
ACRs determined with freshwater species. Because the FAV is
derived to represent acutely sensitive species, the FACR should
be derived to be appropriate for sensitive species if the ACRs
for the chemical appear to increase or decrease as the acute
sensitivity of the species increases.
The following acronyms are used in this document:
ACR = Acute-Chronic Ratio
CCC = Criterion Continuous Concentration
CMC = Criterion Maximum Concentration
FAV = Final Acute Value
FCV = Final Chronic Value
GLI = Great Lakes Initiative
GMAV = Genus Mean Acute Value
GMCV = Genus Mean Chronic Value
FACR = Final Acute-Chronic Ratio
SMACR = Species Mean Acute-Chronic Ratio
SMAV = Species Mean Acute Value
SMCV = Species Mean Chronic Value
ii
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GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE
Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Arsenic(III)
The new acceptable acute and chronic data for arsenic(III) are
given in Tables Al and A2. These new data were used with those
given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for arsenic
(U.S. EPA 1985) to obtain the values given in Table A3.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table A3, resulting in a FAV of
679.6 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2,
resulting in a CMC of 339.8 ug/L, as total recoverable
arsenic(III).
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). The
new chronic test gave an ACR of 3.784; the geometric mean of this
value and the ACR in U.S. EPA (1985) for the same species was
4.199. This and the two other Species Mean ACRs in U.S. EPA
(1985) are given in Table A3; the three ACRs were within a factor
of 1.2. The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of the
three ACRs and was 4.594. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (679.6
ug/L)/(4.594) = 147.9 ug/L. This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species of the Great Lakes System. The CCC was 147.9 ug/L, as
total recoverable arsenic(III).
The Criterion
The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of arsenic(III) does not
exceed 147.9 ug/L more than once every three years on the average
and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed 339.8
ug/L more than once every three years on the average.
A-l
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Table Al. New Acute Values for Arsenic(III)
Species
Method* Chemical
Test Acute
Duration Value
(hrs) (ug/L)
Reference
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas FT,M
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna S,U
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex S,U
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata S,U
Sodium
arsenite
Sodium
arsenite
Sodium
arsenite
Sodium
arsenite
Spehar and
96 12,600 Fiandt 1986
Elnabarawy
48 4,501 et al. 1986
Elnabarawy
48 2,366 et al . 1986
Elnabarawy
48 1,269 et al. 1986
* FT = flow-through* M = measured, S = static, U = unmeasured.
A-2
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Table A2. New Chronic Values for Arsenic(III)
Acute Chronic Acute-
Value Value Chronic
Species Method* (ug/L) (ug/L) Ratio Reference
Fathead minnow, ELS 12,600 3,330 3.784 Spehar and
Pimephales promelas Fiandt 1986
* ELS = early life stage.
A-3
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Table A3. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Arsenic(III)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) Ratio
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
6
5
4
3
2
1
97,000
41,760
26,040
24,500
22,040
20,130
18,100
i A Q c. r\
J.*t , y bU
14,065
13,340
2,690
1,511
1,175
874
Midge,
Tany tarsus dissimilis
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Snail,
Aplexa hypnorum
Stonefly,
Pteronarcys californica
Flagfish,
.Jordanella floridae
Channel catfish
Ictalurus punctatus
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magpna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus serrulatus
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus vetulus
Atnphipod,
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
97,000
41,760
26,040
24,500
22,040
20,130
18,100
^ A Q CO
-L3: , _? D U
14,065
13,340
4,449
1,626
1,511
812
1,700
874
4.862
-----
4.199
4.748
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
A-4
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FAV = 679.6 ug/L
CMC = FAV/2 = 339.8 ug/L
FACR = 4.594
FCV = FAV/FACR = (679.6 ug/L)/(4.594) = 147.9 ug/L = CCC
A-5
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References
Elnabarawy, M.T., A.N. Welter, and R.R. Robideau. 1986.
Relative Sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic
and Inorganic Chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398.
Spehar, R.L., and J.T. Fiandt. 1986. Acute and Chronic Effects
of Water Quality Criteria-based Metal Mixtures on Three Aquatic
Species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:917-931.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Arsenic -
1984. EPA 440/5-84-033. National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA.
A-6
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GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE
Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Cadmium
The new acceptable acute and chronic data for cadmium are given
in Tables Bl and B2. These new data were used with those given
in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for cadmium (U.S. EPA
1985) to obtain the values given in Tables B3 and B4. Because
the toxicity of cadmium is hardness-dependent, all acute and
chronic values in Tables B3 and B4 have been adjusted to a
hardness of 50 mg/L.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The SMAVs given in Table B3 for the green sunfish, bluegill, coho
salmon, and rainbow trout were derived from U.S. EPA (1985) by
giving preference to results of "FT,M" tests. Several SMAVs
given in U.S. EPA (1985) were changed or eliminated due to
deletion of tests that were conducted in river water by Spehar
and Carlson (1984a,b).
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values in Table B3, resulting in an FAV of 4.134
ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L. This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species of the Great Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by
dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 2.067 ug/L, as total
recoverable cadmium, at a hardness of 50 mg/L. The CMC was
related to hardness using the slope of 1.128 that was derived in
U.S. EPA (1985):
1.128(In hardness) -3.6867
CMC = e
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Two chronic values given in U.S. EPA (1985) were not used here
because the tests were conducted in river water by Spehar and
Carlson (1984a,b). The chronic value given in U.S. EPA (1985)
for Moina macrocopa was not used here because the concentrations
of cadmium were not measured.
Chronic toxicity tests have been conducted on cadmium with a wide
variety of aquatic species and the resulting ACRs have a wide
range, even within sensitive species (U.S. EPA 1985). Therefore,
the Final Chronic Value (FCV) was calculated using the eight-
family procedure that was used to calculate the FAV and was used
to calculate the FCV for cadmium in U.S. EPA (1985). As in U.S.
EPA (1985), the FCV was calculated using the value of n used in
B-l
-------
the calculation of the FAV (i.e., n = 43). The FCV was 1.4286
ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L. This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species of the Great Lakes System. Thus the CCC was 1.4286 ug/L,
as total recoverable cadmium, at a hardness of 50 mg/L. The CCC
was related to hardness using the slope of 0.7852 that was
derived in U.S. EPA (1985):
0 . 7852 (In hardness ) - 2 . 715
CCC = e
The Criterion
The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of cadmium does not exceed
the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation
0.7852(In hardness) -2.715
CCC T e
more than once every three years on the average and if the
one-hour average concentration does not exceed the numerical
value (in ug/L) given by the equation
1.128(In hardness) -3.6867
CMC = e
more than once every three years on the average.
B-2
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Table Bl. New Acute Values for Cadmium
Species
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Crayfish,
Orconectes virilis
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout
(28 -day egg) ,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout
(14 -day egg) ,
Oncorhynchus mykiss-
Rainbow trout
(24-hr, egg) ,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout
(0-hr, egg) ,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
Method*
S,D
S,U
S,U
S,U
S,U
S,U
s,u
s,u
FT,M
FT,M
FT,M
FT,M
FT,M
FT,M
FT,M
S,U
Hardness
(mg/L as
CaC03)
240
120
200
200
240
240
50
26
9.2
50
50
50
50
50
50
40
Acute
Value
(ug/L)
184
70
50
100
319
178
1700
6100
<0.5
30
10
9200
7500
13000
13000
4
Adjusted
Acute
Value
(ug/L) **
31.36
26.07
10.47
20.94
54.37
30.3
1700
12755
<3.37
30
10
9200***
7500***
13000***
13000***
5.14
Reference
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Hall et al.
1986
Hall et al.
1986
Hall et al.
1986
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Martin and
Holdich 1986
Mirenda 1986
Cusimano and
Brakke 1986
Van Leeuwen
et al. 1985
Van Leeuwen
et al. 1985
Van Leeuwen
et al. 1985
Van Leeuwen
et al. 1985
Van Leeuwen
et al. 1985
Van Leeuwen
et al. 1985
Palawski
et al. 1985
B-3
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Table Bl. (Cont.)
Species
Hardness Acute
(mg/L as Value
Method* CaCOj) (ug/L)
Adjusted
Acute
Value
(ug/L)** Reference
Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
S,U
285
10
1.4 Palawski
et al. 1985
* FT = flow-through, M = measured, S = static, U = unmeasured.
** Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using a slope of 1.128.
*** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for a
more sensitive life stage.
B-4
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Table B2. New Chronic Values for Cadmium
Species Method*
Cladoceran, LC
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran, LC
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran, LC
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran, LC
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran, LC
Daphnia pulex
Oligochaete, LC
Aeolosoma headleyi
Adjusted
Hardness Chronic Chronic
(mg/L as Value Value
CaC03) (ug/L) (ug/L) ** Reference
240 0.4 0.12*** Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
240 4.3 1.25*** Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
106 7.07 3.919 Ingersoll and
Winner 1982
65 7.49 6.096 Niederlehner
1984
240 13.7 4*** Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
65 25.19 20.50 Niederlehner
1984
* LC = life cycle.
** Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using a slope of 0.7852.
*** Not used in derivation of the criterion because the concentrations of
cadmium were not measured.
B-5
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Table B3. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Cadmium
Rank*
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L) ** Species
12755
8325
8100
7921
' 7685
6915
4990
4977
4778
4024
4024
3800
3570
3514
3400
3018
Crayfish,
Orconectes virilis
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Damself ly,
(Unidentified)
Tubificid worm,
Rhyacodrilus montana
Mosquitof ish,
Gambusia affinis
Tubificid worm,
Stylodrilus heringianus
Tubificid worm,
Spirosperma ferox
Tubificid worm,
Spirosperma nikolskyi
Threespine stickleback
Gasterosteus aculeatus
Tubificid worm,
Varichaeta pacif ica
Tubificid worm,
Tubifex tubifex
Tubificid worm,
Quistradilus multisetosus
Snail,
Amnicola sp.
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
White sucker,
Catostomus commersoni
Caddisfly,
(Unidentified)
Tubificid worm,
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L) **
12755
8325
8100
7921
7685
6915
4401
5658
4977
4778
4024
4024
3800
3570
3514
3400
3018
Branchiura sowerbyi
B-6
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Table B3. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)**
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
2888
2400
2395
2310
2137
1700
1700
1200
736
401
221.9
215.5
156.9
142.5 .
104.0
Flagfish,
Jordanella floridae
Northern squawfish,
Ptychocheilus oregonensis
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Mayfly,
Ephemerella grandis
Tubificid worm,
Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri
Worm,
Nais sp.
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Midge,
Chironomus sp.
American eel,
Anguilla rostrata
Isopod,
Asellus bicrenata
Bryozoan,
Plumatella emarginata
Common carp,
Cyprinus carpio
Snail,
Physa gyrina
Bryozoan,
Pectinatella magnifica
Snail,
2888
2400
2399
1347
4249
2310
2137
1700
1700
1200
736
401
221.9
215.5
156.9
142.5
104.0
Aplexa hypnorum
B-7
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Table B3. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)**
12
11
10
98.79 . Banded killifish,
Fundulus diaphanus
74.99 Amphipod,
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
Amphipod,
Gammarus sp.
48.28 Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
42.8 Isopod,
Lirceus alabamae
40.78 Cladoceran,
Moina macrocopa
30.54 Bryozoan,
Lophopodella carteri
30.50 . Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
29.96 Cladoceran,
Simocephalus serrulatus
Cladoceran,
Simochephalus vetulus
21.13 Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
5.421 Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Chinook salmon,
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
2.682*** White perch,
Morone americana
Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
98.79
80.33
70.00
48.28
42.8
40.78
30.54
30.50
33.2
27.03
14.2
31.43
6.48
4.254
5.78
7544
2.682****
B-8
-------
Table B3. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)**
1.647 Brown trout,
Salmo trutta
1.647
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
** At hardness = 50 mg/L.
*** The GMAV was set equal to the lower SMAV due to the large range in the
SMAVs in this genus.
**** This SMAV was based on the results reported by Palawski et al. (1985)
because they were considered better data than those given in U.S. EPA
(1985), although the data reported by Hughes (1973) supported the newer
data.
At hardness = 50 mg/L:
FAV = 4.134 ug/L
CMC = FAV/2 = 2.067 ug/L
As a function of hardness:
1.128 (In hardness) -3.6867
CMC = e
B-9
-------
Table B4. Ranked Genus Mean Chronic Values for Cadmium
Genus Mean
Chronic Value
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean
Chronic Value
(ug/L)**
12
11
10
20
16
15
.50
.32
.40
Oligochaete,
Aeolosoma headleyi
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Fathead minnow,
20
16
15
.50
.32
.40
Pimephales promelas
8.170 Smallmouth bass,
Micropterus dolomieui
8.138 Northern pike,
Esox lucius
7.849 White sucker,
Catostomus commersoni
7.771 Atlantic salmon,
Salmo salar
Brown trout,
Salmo trutta
5.336 Flagfish,
Jordanella floridae
4.841 Snail,
Aplexa hypnorum
.4.383 ' Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Lake trout,
Salvelinus namaycush
3.399 Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Chinook salmon,
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
0.1354*** Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
8.170
8.138
7.849
8.192
7.372
5.336
4.841
2.362
8.134
4.289
2.694
0.1354
4.888
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Chronic
Value.
** At hardness =50 mg/L.
B-10
-------
*** The GMCV was set equal to the lower SMCV due to the large range in the
SMCVs for this genus.
At hardness = 50 mg/L:
FCV = 1.4286 ug/L = CCC (calculated using n = 43)
As a function of hardness:
0.7852(In hardness) -2.715
CCC = e
B-ll
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References
Cusimano, R.F., D.F. Brakke, and G.A. Chapman. 1986. Effects of
pH on the Toxicities of Cadmium, Copper and Zinc to Steelhead
Trout (Salmo gairdneri). Can J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43:1497-1503.
Elnabarawy, M.R., A.N. Wetter, and R.R. Robideau. 1986.
Relative Sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic
and Inorganic Chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398.
Hall, W.S., R.L. Paulson, L.W. Hall, Jr., and D.T. Burton. 1986.
Acute Toxicity of Cadmium and Sodium Pentachlorophenate to
Daphnids and Fish. Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 37:308-316.
Hughes, J.S. 1973. Acute Toxicity of Thirty Chemicals to
Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis). Western Assoc. State Game Fish
Coiran., Salt Lake City, UT. July.
Ingersoll, C.G., and R.W. Winner. 1982. Effect of Daphnia pulex
(DeGeer) to Daily Pulse Exposures to Copper or Cadmium. Environ.
Toxicol. Chem. 1:321-327.
Martin, S.R., and D.M. Holdich. 1986. The Acute Lethal Toxicity
of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular
Reference to Freshwater Asellids and Gammarids). Water Res.
20:1137-1147.
Mirenda, R.J. 1986. Toxicity and Accumulation of Cadmium in the
Crayfish, Orconectes virilis (Hagen). Arch. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol. 15:401-407.
Niederlehner, B. 1984. A Comparison of Techniques for
Estimating the Hazard of Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment.
M.S. Thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State
University.
Palawski, D., J.B. Hunn, and F.J. Dwyer. 1985. Sensitivity of
Young Striped Bass to Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Fresh
and Saline Waters. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 114:748-753.
Spehar, R.L., and A.R. Carlson. 1984a. Derivation of Site-
Specific Water Quality Criteria for Cadmium and the St. Louis
River Basin, Duluth, Minnesota. PB84-153196. National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, VA.
Spehar, R.L., and A.R. Carlson. 1984b. Derivation of Site-
Specific Water Quality Criteria for Cadmium and the St. Louis
River Basin, Duluth, Minnesota. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 3:651-
665.
B-12
-------
U.S. EPA. 1985. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Cadmium. EPA 440/5-84-032. National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, VA.
Van Leeuwen, C.J., P.S. Griffioen, W.H.A. Vergouw, and J.L. Maas-
Diepeveen. 1985. Differences in Susceptibility of Early Life
Stages of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) to Environmental
Pollutants. Aquatic Toxicol. 7:59-78.
B-13
-------
GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE
Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Chromium(III)
The new acceptable acute data for chromium(III) are given in
Table Cl; no new acceptable chronic data were found. These data
were used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria
document for chromium (U.S. EPA 1984) to obtain the values given
in Table C2. Because the toxicity of chromium(III) is hardness-
dependent, all acute values in Table C2 have been adjusted to a
hardness of 50 mg/L.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute'Values in Table C2, resulting in an FAV of 2044
ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L. This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species of the Great Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by
dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 1022 ug/L, as total
recoverable chromium(III), at a hardness of 50 mg/L. The CMC was
related to hardness using the slope of 0.819 that was derived in
U.S. EPA (1985):
0.819 (In hardness) +3.7256
CMC = e
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). SMACRs
were available for three species (Table C2)' and the highest SMACR
was obtained with the most resistant of the three. The other two
SMACRs were within a factor of 2.4. The FACR was calculated as
the geometric mean of the two ACRs and was 41.84. The FCV =
FAV/FACR = (2044 ug/L)/(41.84) = 48.85 ug/L at a hardness of 50
mg/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or -recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System. Thus the CCC was 48.85 ug/L, as total recoverable
chromium(III), at a hardness of 50 mg/L. The CCC, was related to
hardness using the slope of 0.819:
0.819(In hardness) +0.6848
V*- VM'N>' *~ "
C-l
-------
The Criterion
The procedures described in the GLI tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of chromium(III) does not
exceed the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation
0.819 (In hardness) +0.6848
CCC = e
more than once every three years on the average and if the
one-hour average concentration does not exceed the numerical
value (in ug/L) given by the equation
0.819(In hardness) + 3.7256
CMC = e
more than once every three years on the average.
C-2
-------
Table Cl. New Acute Values for Chromium(III)
Adjusted
Hardness Acute Acute
(mg/L as Value Value
Species Method* CaCO3) (ug/L) (ug/L)** Reference
Amphipod, S,U 50 291,000 291,000 Martin and
Crangonyx pseudogracilis Holdich 1986
* S = static, U = unmeasured.
** Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using a slope of 0.819.
C-3
-------
Table C2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Chromium(III)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L)** Ratio
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
291,000
71060
50000
43100
16010
15630
'
15370
14770
•
13230
12860
11000
•
10320
10210
9669
9300 '
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Caddisfly,
Hydropsyche betteni
Caddisfly,
Unidentified sp.
Damself ly,
Unidentified sp.
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Banded killifish,
Fundulus diaphanus
Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
White perch,
Morone americana
Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
Common carp,
Cyprinus carpio
American eel,
Anguilla rostrata
Midge ,
Chironomus sp.
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Snail,
Amnicola sp.
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Worm,
Nais sp.
291,000
71060
50000
43100
16010
15630
15720
15020
13320
16370
13230
12860
11000
10320
10210
9669
9300
— . —
>356.4***
— - —
27.30
64.11
C-4
-------
Table C2. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L)** Ratio
8684 Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
7053 Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
3200 Amphipod,
Gammarus sp.
2221 Mayfly,
Ephemerella subvaria
8684
7053
3200
2221
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
** At hardness = 50 mg/L.
*** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
At hardness =50 mg/L:
FAV = 2044 ug/L
CMC = FAV/2 = 1022 ug/L
As a function of hardness:
0.819(In hardness) + 3.7256
CMC = e
FACR =41.84
At hardness = 50 mg/L:
FCV = FAV/FACR = (2044 mg/L)/(41.84) = 48.85 ug/L = CCC
As a function of hardness:
0.819 (In hardness) +0.6848
CCC = e
C-5
-------
References
Martin, T.R., and D.M. Holdich. 1986. The Acute Lethal Toxicity
of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular
Reference to Fresh-water Asellids and Gammarids). Water Res.
20:1137-1147.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Chromium(III) - 1984. EPA 440/5-84-029. National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, VA.
C-6
-------
GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE
Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Chromium(VI)
The new acceptable acute data for chromium(VI) are given in Table
Dl; no new acceptable chronic data were used. These new data
were used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria
document for chromium (U.S. EPA 1985) to obtain the values given
in Table D2.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table D2, resulting in a FAV of
32.04 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2,
resulting in a CMC of 16.02 ug/L, as total recoverable
chromium(VI).
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). Eight
SMACRs were available (Table D2), but three were high SMACRs that
were obtained with resistant species and one was a "greater than"
value. Of the eight, only four were appropriate for use in
calculating the FACR and the four were within a factor of 6. The
FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of these four and was
2.917. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (32.04 ug/L)/(2.917) = 10.98 ug/L.
This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially
or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System.
The CCC was 10.98 ug/L, as total recoverable chromium(VI).
The Criterion
The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of chromium(VI) does not
exceed 10.98 ug/L more than once every three years on the average
and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed 16.02
ug/L more than once every three years on the average.
D-l
-------
Table Dl. New Acute Values for Chromium(VI)
Species
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Method*
S,U
S,U
S,M
S,U
S,M
S,U
S,M
s,u
s,u
S,M
S,M
R,U
R,U
S,M
S,M
S,M
Chemical
K- dichromate
Na- dichromate
K- dichromate
K- dichromate
K- dichromate
K- dichromate
K- dichromate
K- dichromate
Na - dichromate
K- dichromate
K- dichromate
K- dichromate
K- dichromate
K- dichromate
K- dichromate
K- dichromate
Acute Value
(ug/L)
900**
112**
170**
190**
20**
20**
40**
40**
122**
180**
180**
420
810
182,000**
154,000**
201,240**
Reference
Berglind and
Dave 1984
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Dorn et al .
1987
Dorn, et al .
1987
Dorn, et al .
1987
Dorn, et al .
1987
Dorn, et al .
1987
Dorn, et al .
1987
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Jop et
al. 1987
Jop et
al. 1987
Martin and
Holdich 1986
Martin and
Holdich 1986
Jop et
al. 1987
Jop et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
D-2
-------
Table Dl. (Cont.)
Species
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus-
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Method*
S,U
S,M
S,U
S,M
S,U
S,M
S,M
S,U
S,M
Chemical
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
K - di chr omat e
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
Acute Value
(ug/L)
164,730**
199,200**
158,360**
148,310**
146,530**
46,000**
34,000**
26,130**
26,410**
Reference
Dorn et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
Jop et
al. 1987
Jop et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
* S = static, FT = flow-through, M = measured, U = unmeasured.
** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for
this species from a "FT,M" test.
D-3
-------
Table D2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Chromium(VI)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) Ratio
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
1,870,000
176,000 .
140,000
123,500
119,500
72,600
69,000
67,610 .
61,000
59,000
57,300
51,250
49,600
Stonef ly,
Neophasganophora capitata
Crayfish,
Orconectes rusticus
Damself ly,
Enallagma aspersum
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
White crappie,
Pomoxis annularis
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Emerald shiner,
Notropis atherinoides
Striped shiner,
Notropis chrysocephalus
Sand shiner,
Notropis stramineus
Midge,
Chironomus tentans
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Midge,
Tanytarsus dissimilis
Central stoneroller,
Campostoma anomalum
Silver jaw minnow,
1,870,000
176,000
140,000
114,700
132,900
119,500
72,600
69,000
48,400
85,600
•
74,600
61,000
59,000
57,300
51,250
49,600
260.8**
223**
. .
Ericymba buccata
D-4
-------
Table D2. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) Ratio
15
14
13
12
11
10
7
6
5
4
3
2
47,180
.
46,000
36,300
30,450
•
30,000
23,010
1C f f\
, 3bU
1>i yi r\ *
, 441)
650
630
583
'
67.1
45.1
36.35
•
Bluntnose minnow,
Pimephales notatus
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Johnny darter.
Etheostoma nigrum
Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
Snail,
Physa heterostropha
Bryozoan,
Lophopodella carteri
Bryozoan,
Pectinatella magnifica
Bryozoan,
Plumatella emarginata
Amphipod,
Hyalella azteca
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Amphipod,
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus serrulatus
Cladoceran,
54,225
41,050 18.55**
46,000
36,300
30,450
30,000
23,010
1c cr\ _ _ _ _
IA A n
650 .....
630
583
67.1
45.1 1.13
40.9 2.055
32.3 5.267
Simocephalus vetulus
D-5
-------
Table D2. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) Ratio
28.94 Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
23.07
36.3
>6.957**
5.92
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
FAV = 32.04 ug/L
CMC = FAV/2 = 16.02 ug/L
FACR = 2.917
FCV = FAV/FACR = (32.04 ug/L)/(2.917) = 10.98 ug/L = CCC
D-6
-------
References
Berglind, R., and G. Dave. 1984. Acute Toxicity of Chromate,
DDT, PCP, TPBS, and Zinc to Daphnia magna Cultured in Hard and
Soft Water. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 33:63-68.
Dorn, P.B., J.H. Rodgers, Jr., K.M. Jop, J.C. Raia, and K.L.
Dickson. 1987. Hexavalent Chromium as a Reference Toxicant in
Effluent Toxicity Tests. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 6:435-444.
Elnabarawy, M.T., A.N. Welter, and R.R.Robideau. 1986. Relative
Sensitivity of Three Daphnia Species to Selected Organic and
Inorganic Chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398.
Jop, K.M., T.F. Parkerton, J.H. Rodgers, and K.L. Dickson. 1987.
Comparative Toxicity and Speciation of Two Hexavalent Chromium
Salts in Acute Toxicity Tests. Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
6:697-703.
Martin, J.R., and D.M. Holdich. 1986. The Acute Lethal Toxicity
of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular
Reference to Fresh-Water Asellids and Gammarids). Water Res.
20:1137-1147.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Chromium -
1984. EPA 440/5-84-029. National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA.
D-7
-------
GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE
Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Copper
The new acceptable acute and chronic data for copper are given in
Tables El and E2. These new data were used with those given in
Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for copper (U.S. EPA
1985) to obtain the values given in Table E3. Because the
toxicity of copper is hardness-dependent, all acute values in
Table E3 have been adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
Data given in U.S. EPA (1985) for the species Gamnarus pulex were
not used because this species is not resident in North America.
Several SMAVs given in Table E3 were derived from U.S. EPA (1985)
by giving preference to results of "FT,M" tests.
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values in Table E3, resulting in an FAV of 14.57
ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L. This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species of the Great Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by
dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 7.285 ug/L, as total
recoverable copper, at a hardness of 50 mg/L. The CMC was
related to hardness using the slope of 0.9422 that was derived in
U.S. EPA (1985) :'
0.9422 (In hardness) -1.700
CMC = e
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). The
new chronic test gave an ACR of 15.48 with the fathead minnow;
the geometric mean of this value and the four ACRs for this
species in U.S. EPA (1985) was 11.20. SMACRs were available for
nine species (Table E3) and were higher for resistant species.
To make the FACR appropriate for sensitive species, it was
calculated from the two SMACRs that were determined with species
whose SMAVs were' close to the FAV. Thus the FACR was calculated
as the geometric mean of 3.297 and 2.418 and was 2.823. The FCV
= FAV/FACR = (14.57 ug/L)/(2.823) = 5.161 ug/L at a hardness of
50 mg/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System. Thus the CCC was 5.161 ug/L, as total recoverable
E-l
-------
copper, at a hardness of 50 mg/L. The CCC was related to
hardness using the slope of 0.8545 that was derived in U.S. EPA
(1985) :
0.8545 (In hardness) -1.702
CCC = e
The Criterion
The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of copper does not exceed
the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation
0 . 8545 (In hardness ) - 1. 702
CCC = e
more than once every three years on the average and if the
one-hour average concentration does not exceed the numerical
value (in ug/L) given by the equation
0.9422 (In hardness) -1.700
CMC = e
more than once every three years on the average.
E-2
-------
Table El. New Acute Values for Copper
Species Method*
Cladoceran, S,U
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran, S,U
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran, S,U
Daphnia pulex
Amphipod, S,U
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Asiatic clam, FT,M
Corbicula manilensis
Midge, S,M
Chironomus decorus
Fathead minnow, FT,M
Pimephales promelas
Bluegill, S,M
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill, ' FT,M
Lepomis macrochirus
Rainbow trout, FT,M
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Striped bass, S,U
Morone saxatilis
Hardness
(mg/L as
CaC03)
240
240
240
50
17
44
43.9
31.2
31.2
9.2
285
Acute
Value
(ug/L)
23
41
31
1290
>2600
739
96
340
550
2.8
270
Adjusted
Acute
Value
(ug/L) **
5.2
9.4
7.1
1290
>7184
834
109
530***
858
14
52
Reference
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Martin and
Holdich 1986
Harrison
et al. 1984
Kosalwat and
Knight 1987
Spehar and
Fiandt 1986
Bailey et
al. 1985
Bailey et
at. 1985
Cusimano and
Brakke 1986
Palawski
et al. 1985
* S = static, FT = flow-through, U = unmeasured, M = measured.
** Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using the slope of 0.9422.
*** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for
this species from a "FT,M" test.
E-3
-------
Table E2. New Chronic Values for Copper
Species
Acute Chronic
Value Value
Method* (ug/L) (ug/L)
Acute-
Chronic
Ratio Reference
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
ELS
96
6.2
15 .48 Spehar and
Fiandt 1986
ELS = early life, stage.
E-4
-------
Table E3. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Copper
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L)** Ratio
43 10240 Stonefly,
Acroneuria lycorias
42 > 7184 Asiatic clam,
Corbicula manilensis
41 6200 -Caddisfly,
Unidentified sp.
40 4600 Damselfly,
Unidentified sp.
39 4305 American eel,
Anguilla rostrata
38 ' 1990 Crayfish,
_ Procambarus clarkii
37 1877 Snail,
Campeloma decisum
36 1397 Crayfish,
Orconectes rusticus
35 1290 Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
34 1057 •Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
33 900 Snail,
Amnicola sp.
32 790.6 Banded killifish,
Fundulus diaphanus
31 684.3 Mozambique tilapia
Tilapia mossambica
30 331.8 Striped shiner,
Notropis chrysocephalus
29 289 Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
28 242.7 .Worm,
Lumbriculus variegatus
7184
4600
1877
1397
1290
.9
1742
790.1
684.:
331.8
289
242.7
156.2***
37.96***
E-5
-------
Table E3. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L)** Ratio
27
26
196.1
170.2"
Mosquitof ish.
Gambusia affinis
Midge ,
T oc 1
197
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
Chironomus tentans
• Midge,
Chironomus decorus
Midge,
Chironomus sp.
166.2 Snail,
Goniobasis livescens
156.8 Common carp,
_ Cyprinus carpio
141.2 Rainbow darter
Etheostoma caeruleum
Orangethroat darter,
Etheostoma spectabile
135 Bryozoan,
Pectinatella magnifica
133 •Chiselmouth,
Acrocheilus alutaceus
110.4 Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
109.9 Atlantic salmon,
Salmo salar
97.9 Bluntnose minnow,
Pimephales notatus
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
90 Worm,
Nais sp.
86.67 Blacknose dace,
Rhinichthys atratulus
834
30
166.2
156.8
86.67
230.2
135
133
110.4
109.9
72.16
132.9
90
86.67
7.776***
26.36***
11.20***
E-6
-------
Table E3. (Cont.) .
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L)** Ratio
15
14
13
12
11
10
83.97 Creek chub,
Semotilus atromaculatus
83 Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
78.55 Central stoneroller,
Campostoma anomalum
73.S3 Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch
.Sockeye salmon,
Oncorhynchus nerka
Cutthroat trout,
Oncorhynchus clarki
Chinook salmon,
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
69.81 Brown bullhead,
Ictalurus nebulosus
56.21 Snail,
Gyraulus circumstriatus
53.08 Worm,
Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri
52_White perch,
Morone americanus
Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
39.33 Snail,
Physa heterostropha
Snail,
Physa Integra
37.05 Bryozoan,
Lophopodella carteri
37.05 Bryozoan,
Plumatella emarginata
22.09 Amphipod,
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
83.97
83
78.55
87.1
233.8
66.26
42.26 > 4.473***
38.89
69.81
56.21
53.08
5860
52
35.91
43.07 3.585***
37.05
37.05
22.09 3.297
E-7
-------
Table E3. (Cent.)
Genus Mean'
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L)** Ratio
16.74 Northern squawfish,
Ptychocheilus oregonensis
14.48 Cladoceran,
.Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulicaria
9.92 Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
16.74
19.88
16.5
9.263
9.92
2.418
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
** At hardness =50 mg/L.
*** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
This GMAV was not set equal to the lowest SMAV because the species was
not identified.
This GMAV was set equal to the lower SMAV due to the large range in the
SMAVs in this genus.
This SMAV was based on the results reported by Palawaki et al. (1985)
because they were considered better data than those given in U.S. EPA
(1985), although the data reported by Hughes (1973) supported the newer
data.
At hardness = 50 mg/L:
FAV = 14.57 ug/L
CMC = FAV/2 = 7.285 ug/L
As a function of hardness:
0.9422(In hardness) -1.700
CMC = e
FACR = 2.823
At hardness = 50 mg/L:
FCV = FAV/FACR = (14.57 ug/L)/(2.823) = 5.161 ug/L
As a function of hardness:
0.8545(In hardness) - 1.702
CCC = e
= CCC
E-8
-------
References
Bailey, H.C., D.H.W. Liu, and H.A Javitz. 1985. Time/Toxicity
Relationships in- Short-Term Static, Dynamic, and Plug-Flow
Bioassays. In: Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment: Eighth
Symposium. ASTM STP 981.
Cusimano, R.F., and D.F. Brakke. 1986. Effects of pH on the
Toxicities of Cadmium, Copper, and Zinc to Steelhead Trout (Salmo
gairdneri). Can. J. Fish. Aguat. Sci. 43:1497-1503.
Elnabarawy, M.T., A.N. Welter, and R.R.Robideau. 1986. Relative
Sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic and
Inorganic Chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398.
Harrison, F.L., J.P. Knezovich, and D.W. Rice Jr. 1984. The
Toxicity of Copper to Adult and Early Life Stages of the
Freshwater Clam, Corbicula manilensis. Arch. Environ. Contain.
Toxicol. 13:85-92.
Hughes, J.S. 1973. Acute Toxicity of Thirty Chemicals to
Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis). Western Assoc. State Game Fish
Comm., Salt Lake City, UT. July.
Kosalwat, P., and A.W. Knight. 1987. Acute Toxicity of Aqueous
and Substrate-Bound Copper to the Midge, Chironomus decorus.
Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16:275-282.
Martin T.R., and D.M. Holdich. 1986. The Acute Lethal Toxicity
of Heavy Metals to Peracarids Crustaceans (with Particular
Reference to Fresh-Water Asellids and Gammarids). Water Res.
20:1137-1147.
Palawski, D., J.B. Hunn, and F.J. Dwyer. 1985. Sensitivity of
Young Striped Bass to Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Fresh
and Saline Waters. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 114:748-753.
Spehar, R.L., and J.T. Fiandt. 1986. Acute and Chronic Effects
of Water Quality. Criteria-Based Metal Mixtures on Three Aquatic
Species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:917-931.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Copper. EPA 440/5-84-031. National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, VA.
E-9
-------
GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE
Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Cyanide
No new acceptable acute or chronic data were found for cyanide.
Therefore, the data in the existing criteria document for cyanide
(U.S. EPA 1985) were used as the basis for the derivation of this
criterion. The new taxonomy for salmonids was used (Table Fl),
but this did not' cause a change in the criterion for cyanide.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table Fl, resulting in a FAV of
45.77 ug/L. Because the SMAV of the commercially and
recreationally important rainbow trout was 44.73 ug/L, the FAV
was lowered to 44.73 ug/L. The CMC was calculated by dividing
the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 22.36 ug free cyanide (as
CN)/L.
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). Five
SMACRs are available (Table Fl), but one was a high SMACR that
was obtained with a resistant species; the other four were within
a factor of 1.5. The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean
of these four and was 8.568. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (44.73
ug/L)/(8.568) = 5.221 ug/L. This value does not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species of the Great Lakes System. The CCC was 5.221 ug free
cyanide (as CN)/L.
The Criterion
The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of free cyanide (as CN)
does not exceed 5.221 ug/L more than once every three years on
the average and if the one-hour average concentration does not
exceed 22.36 ug/L more than once every three years on the
average.
F-l
-------
Table Fl. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Cyanide
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
Species Mean
Acute-Chronic
Ratio
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
6
5
4
3
2
1
2490 Midge,
Tany tarsus dissimilis
2326 Isopod,
Asellus communis
432 Snail,
Physa heterostropha
426 Stonefly,
Pteronarcys dorsata
318 Goldfish,
Carassius Auratus
167 Amphipod,
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
147 Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
125.1 Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
123.6 Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
102 Largeinouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides
102 Black crappie,
Pomoxis nigromaculatus
99.28 Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
92.64 Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
90.00 Atlantic salmon,
Salmo salar
85.80 Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
44.73 Rainbow trout
2490
2326
432
426
318
167
147
125.1
160
95.55
T no
J.U.6
102
99.28
92.64
90.00
85.80
44.73
68.29**
9.111
7.633
-----
7.316
10.59
Oncorhynchus mykiss
F-2
-------
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
Calculated FAV = 45.77 ug/L
Lowered to protect rainbow trout:
FAV = 44.73 ug/L
CMC = FAV/2 = 22.36 ug/L
FACR = 8.568
FCV = FAV/FACR = (44.73 ug/L)/(8.568) = 5.221 ug/L = CCC
F-3
-------
References
U.S. EPA. 1985. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Cyanide -
1984. EPA 440/5-84-028. National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA.1
F-4
-------
GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE
Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Dieldrin
The new acceptable acute data for dieldrin are given in Table Gl;
no new acceptable chronic data were found. These new data were
used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document
for dieldrin (U.S. EPA 1980) to obtain the values given in Table
G2. Although results from the following publications were used
in U.S. EPA (1980), they were not considered acceptable for use
here: Santharam et al. (1976), Gaufin (1965), and Jensen and
Gaufin (1964).
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table G2, resulting in a FAV of
0.4749 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2,
resulting in a CMC of 0.2374 ug/L.
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). Two
SMACRs were given in Table G2; a third SMACR of 6.2 was given in
U.S. EPA (1980) for the saltwater mysid. These three were within
a factor of 1.8. The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean
of the three SMA'CRs and was 8.530. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (0.4749
ug/L)/(8.530) = 0.0557 ug/L. This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species of the Great Lakes System. The CCC was 0.0557 ug/L.
The Criterion
The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of dieldrin does not exceed
0.0557 ug/L more than once every three years on the average and
if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed 0.2374 ug/L
more than once every three years on the average.
G-l
-------
Table Gl. New Acute Values for Dieldrin
Species
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Stonefly,
Claassenia sabulosa
Stonefly,
Pteronarcys californica
Stonefly,
Pteronarcella badia
Damself ly,
Ischnura verticalis
Annelid,
Lumbriculus variegatus
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss_
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Cutthroat trout,
Oncorhynchus clarki
Method*
S,M
S,U
S,U
s,u
s,u
s,u
FT,M
S,U
FT,M
S,U
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
Test
Duration
(hrs)
48
48
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
Acute
Value
(ug/L)
251
190
0.6
0.5
0.5
12
21.8
1.2**
0.62
3**
1.8
3.8
3.1
7
6.7
6
Reference
Daniels and
Allan 1981
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
U.S. EPA 1991
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Shubat and
Curtis 1986
Van Leeuwen
et al . 1985
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Sanders 1972
Cairns and
Scheier 1964
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
G-2
-------
Table Gl. (Cont.)
Test Acute
Duration Value
Species Method* (hrs) (ug/L) Reference
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus S,U 96 4.5
Largemouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides S,U 96 3.5
Mayer and
Ellersieck
Mayer and
Ellersieck
1986
1986
* S = static, FT = flow-through, u = unmeasured, M = measured.
** Not used in the calculation of the SMA.V because data were available for
this species from a "FT,M" test.
G-3
-------
Table G2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Dieldrin
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) Ratio
18 740 Crayfish,
Orconectes nais
17 534 Amphipod,
Gammarus lacustris
Amphipod,
Gammarus fasciatus
16 228 Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
15 214 Cladoceran,
Simocephalus serrulatus
14 21.8 Annelid,
Lumbriculus variegatus
13 20 Glass shrimp
Palaemonetes kadiakensis
12 17.7 Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
11 12 Damselfly,
Ischnura verticalis
10 8.6 Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
9 8.5 Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
8 5 Isopod,
Asellus brevicaudus
7 4.5 Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
6 4.5 Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
740
460
620
228
214
21.8
20
17.7
12
8.6
6.7
11.5
8.1
4.5
4.5
9.1
G-4
-------
Table G2. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) Ratio
3.5 Largemouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides
0.62** Chinook salmon,
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Cutthroat trout,
Oncorhynchus clarki
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
0.6 Stonefly,
Claassenia sabulosa
0.5 Stonefly,
Pteronarcys californica
0.5 Stonefly,
Pteronarcella badia
3.5
6.1
10.8
0.62
0.6
0.5
0.5
11
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
** The GMAV was set. equal to the lowest SMAV due to the large range in the
SMAVs in this genus.
FAV = 0.4749 ug/L
CMC = FAV/2 = 0.2374 ug/L
FACR = 8.530
FCV = FAV/FACR = (0.4749 ug/L)/(8.530)
= 0.0557 ug/L = CCC
G-5
-------
References
Cairns, J., Jr., and A. Scheier. 1964. The Effect on the
Sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus, of Chronic Exposure to Lethal and
Sublethal Concentrations of Dieldrin. Notulae Naturae 310:10
Daniels, R.E., and J.D. Allan. 1981. Life Table Evaluation of
Chronic Exposure to a Pesticide. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
38:485-494.
Mayer, F.L., and M.R. Ellersieck. 1986. Manual of Acute
Toxicity: Interpretation and Data Base for 410 Chemicals and 66
Species of Fresh-water Animals. USDI Publication 160.
Sanders, H.O. 1972. Toxicity of Some Insecticides to Four
Species of Mala'costracan Crustaceans. U.S. Bureau Sports
Fishery and Wildlife Tech. Paper 66.
Shubat, P.J., and L.R. Curtis. 1986. Ration and Toxicant
Preexposure Influence on Dieldrin Accumulation by Rainbow Trout
(Salmo gairdneri). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:69-77.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for
Aldrin/Dieldrin. EPA-440/5-80-019. National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, VA.
U.S. EPA. 1991. Acute 96-hr Flow-Through Freshwater Exposures
with Endrin and Dieldrin using an Annelid (Lumbriculus
variegatus). Unpublished results.
Van Leeuwen, C.J., P.S. Griffioen, W.H.A. Vergouw, and J.L. Maas-
Diepeveen. 1985. Differences in Susceptibility of Early Life
Stages of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) to Environmental
Pollutants. Aquatic Toxicol. 7:59-78.
G-6
-------
GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE
Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Endrin
The new acceptable acute data for endrin are given in Table HI;
no new acceptable chronic data were found. These new data were
used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document
for endrin (U.S. EPA 1980) to obtain the values given in Table
H2. Results in the following publications were used in U.S. EPA
(1980) but were not considered acceptable for use here: Katz and
Chadwick (1961), Naqui and Ferguson (1968), Nebeker and Gaufin
(1964), Gaufin et al. (1965), Jensen and Gaufin (1966), Post and
Schroeder (1971), Mount (1962), and Solon (1969).
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table H2, resulting in a FAV of
0.1728 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2,
resulting in a CMC of 0.0864 ug/L.
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). Four
ACRs were given in U.S. EPA (1980) but the ACR for the fathead
minnow was considered unacceptable for use here. ACRs of 1.9 and
18 were determined with saltwater species, whereas an ACR of 3.3
was obtained with a freshwater species (Table H2); the three were
within a factor of 9.5. The FACR was calculated as the geometric
mean of the other three and was 4.833. The FCV = FAV/FACR =
(0.1728 ug/L)/(4.833) = 0.03575 ug/L. This value did not need to
be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species of the Great Lakes System. The CCC was 0.03575 ug/L.
The Criterion
The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of endrin does not exceed
0.03575 ug/L more than once every three years on the average and
if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed 0.0864 ug/L
more than once every three years on the average.
H-l
-------
Table HI. New Acute Values for Endrin
Species
Method*
Test Acute
Duration Value
(hrs) (ug/L)
Reference
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Annelid,
Lumbriculus variegatus
Snipe fly,
Atherix variegatus
Midge,
Tanytarsus dissimilis
Stone fly,
Acroneuria pacif ica
Crayfish,
Orconectes immunis
Damselfly,
Ischnura verticalis
Damselfly,
Ischnura verticalis
Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
Largemouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides
Black bullhead,
Ictalurus melas
S,U
S,U
S,U
S,U
S,U
S,M
S,U
s,u
FT,M
S,U
S,M
S,U
FT,M
S,U
S,U
FT,U
S,U
S,U
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
96
96
48
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
24
4.2
59
41
74
160
20
30
42.6
4.6
0.84
> 0.18**
89
2.4
2.1
0.15
0.31
1.1
Elnabarawy et al . 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Elnabarawy et al . 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Thurston et al . 1985
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Elnabarawy et al . 1986
U.S. EPA 1991
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Thurston et al . 1985
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Thurston et al . 1985
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
H-2
-------
Table HI. (Cont.)
Species
Method*
Test Acute
Duration Value
(hrs) (ug/L)
Reference
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus.
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Mosquitof ish,
Gambusia affinis
Mosquitof ish,
Gambusia affinis
Carp,
Cyprinus carpio
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bullfrog tadpole,
Rana catesbeiana
S,U
S,U
FT,M
S,U
FT,M
FT,U
FT,M
S,U
FT,M
S,U
FT,M
FT,U
FT,M
FT,M
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
0.32*** Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
1.1*** Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
0.42 Thurston et al . 1985
0.75*** Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
0.3 Thurston et al . 1985
0.44*** Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
0.95 Thurston et al . 1985
1.8*** Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
0.65 Thurston et al . 1985
1.1*** Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
0.69 Thurston et al . 1985
0.32 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
0.21 Thurston et al . 1985
2.5 Thurston et al . 1985
* FT = flow-through, S = static, U = unmeasured, M = measured.
** Not used in the calculation of the FAV because it is not appropriate to
have one of the four lowest GMAVs be a "greater than" value.
*** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for
this species from a "FT,M" test.
H-3
-------
Table H2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Endrin
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) Ratio
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
64
53
43
38
34
24
4.6
3.0
2.5
2.1
Mayfly,
Hexagenia bilineata
Crayfish,
.Orconectes nais
Crayfish,
Orconectes immunis
Annelid,
Lumbriculus variegatus
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
' Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus serrulatus
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Snipe fly,
. Atherix variegatus
Amphipod,
Gammarus fasciatus
Amphipod,
Gammarus lacustris
Bullfrog tadpole
Rana catesbeiana
•Damselfly,
Ischnura verticalis
64
32
89
43
59
24
34
24
4.6
3.1
3.0
2.5
2.1
17
1.6 Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
1.6
16
15
14
1.5 Isopod,
Asellus brevicaudus
1.3 Glass shrimp,
Palaemonetes kadiakensis
0.95 Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
1.5
1.3
0.95
H-4
-------
Table H2. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) Ratio
13
12
11
10
8
7
g
5
4
3
2
1
0.85 Flagf ish,
Jordanella floridae
0.84 Midge,
Tanytarsus dissimilis
0.76 Stonefly,
Claassenia sabulosa
0.69 Mosquitof ish,
Gambusia affinis
Ictalurus melas
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
0.57 Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
0.54 Stonefly,
Pteronarcella badia
Pimephales promelas
Cyprinus carpio
' Micropterus salmoides
0 25 Stonefly
Pteronarcys californica
0 21 Bluegill
Lepomis macrochirus
Perca flavescens
0.85 3.3
0.84
0.76
0.69
IT
0.42
0.51
1 o
0.3
0.54
OA Q
OQ O
0-3 1
OO C _ _ -
n 01
01 C
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
H-5
-------
FAV = 0.1728 ug/L
CMC = FAV/2 = 0.0864 ug/L
FACR = 4.833
FCV = FAV/FACR = (0.1728 ug/L)/(4.833) = 0.03575 ug/L = CCC
H-6
-------
References
Elnabarawy, M.T., A.N. Welter, and R.R.Robideau. 1986. Relative
Sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic and
Inorganic Chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398.
Mayer, F., and M.R. Ellersieck. 1986. Manual of Acute Toxicity:
Interpretation and Data Base for 410 Chemicals and 66 Species of
Freshwater Animals. USDI Publication 160.
Thurston, E.V., T.A Gilfoil, E.L Meyn, R.K. Zajdel, T.I. Aoki and
G.D. Veith. 1985. Comparative Toxicity of Ten Organic Chemicals
to Ten Common Aquatic Species. Water Res. 19:1145-1155.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient iWater Quality Criteria for Endrin. EPA
440/5-80-047. National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA.
U.S. EPA. 1991. Acute 96-hr Flow-Through Freshwater Exposures
with Endrin and Dieldrin Using an Annelid (Lumbriculus
variegatus). Unpublished data.
H-7
-------
GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE
Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Lindane
The new acceptable acute data for lindane are given in Table II;
no new acceptable chronic data were found. These new data were
used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document
for lindane (U.S. EPA 1980) to obtain the values given in Table
12.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute. Values given in Table 12, resulting in a FAV of
1.903 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2,
resulting in a CMC of 0.9515 ug/L.
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Three ACRs were given in U.S. EPA (1980) but the ACR for the
fathead minnow was considered unacceptable for use here. No new
ACRs were available and so a FCV could not be calculated using
either the eight-family procedure or the FACR procedure.
Therefore, a CCC could not be determined.
The Criterion
The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
by acute toxicity if the one-hour average concentration of
lindane does not exceed 0.9515 ug/L more than once every three
years on the average.
1-1
-------
Table II. New Acute Values for Lindane
Species
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Amphipod,
Gammarus lacustris
Snail,
Lymnaea stagnalis
Stonefly,
Pteronarcys californicus
Stonefly,
Pteronarcys californicus
Damself ly,
Lestes congener
Backswimmer,
Notonecta undulata
Crawling water beetle,
Peltodytes sp.
Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Lake trout ,
Salvelinus namaycush
Lake trout,
Salvelinus namaycush
Brown trout,
Salmo trutta
Brown trout,
Salmo trutta
Brown trout,
Salmo trutta
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
•
Method*
S,U
S,M
S,U
S,U
S,U
S,U
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
FT,U
FT,M
S,U
S,U
Test
Duration
(hrs)
48
48
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
1-2
Acute
Value
(ug/L)
516
1000
88
3.3
4.5
1
20
3
20
23
32
24
24
25
22
22
18**
24**
Reference
Randall
et al. 1979
Hermens
et al. 1984
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Bluzat and
Senge 1979
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Federle and
Collins 1976
Federle and
Collins 1976
Federle and
Collins 1976
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Tooby and
Durbin 1975
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
-------
Table II. (Cont)
Species
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
Fowlers toad,
Bufo woodhousei fowleri
Western chorus frog,
Pseudacris triseriata
Method*
S,U
S,U
FT,M
S,U
S,U
S,U
S,U
FT,U
FT,U
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
Test
Duration
(hrs)
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
Acute
Value
(ug/L)
31**
41**
30
57
56
70
83
23
77
67
86
90
105
49
3200
2650
Reference
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Tooby and
Durbin 1975
Randall
et al. 1979
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck, 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Macek and
McAllister 1970
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
* S = static, FT = flow-through, U = unmeasured, M = measured.
** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for
this species from a "FT,M" test.
1-3
-------
Table 12. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Lindane
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) Ratio
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
3200
2650
676
538
207
138
117
90
72
71
55
40
35
Fowlers toad,
Bufo woodhousi fowleri
Western chorus frog,
Pseudacris triseriata
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus serrulatus
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Midge,
Chironomus tentans
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Carp,
Cyprinus carpio
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Redear sunfish,
Lepomis microlophus
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
Black bullhead,
Ictalurus melas
Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Lake trout ,
3200
2650
676
630 33
460 -----
207 63
138
117
90
72
56
83
76
46
64
40
44
28
Salvelinus namaycush
1-4
-------
Table 12. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) Ratio
10
33 Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Chinook salmon,
Oncorhynchus tsawytscha
32 Largemouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides
26.11 Amphipod,
Gammarus fasciatus
Amphipod,
Gammarus lacustris
20 • Damselfly,
Lestes congener
20 Crawling water beetle,
Peltodytes sp.
13 Brown trout,
Salmo trutta
10 Isopod,
Asellus brevicaudus
3.3 Snail,
Lymnaea stagnalis
3 Backswimmer,
Notonecta undulata
2.1 Stonefly,
Pteronarcys californicus
26
36
40
32
10.49
65
20
20
13
10
3.3
2.1
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
FAV = 1.903 ug/L
CMC = FAV/2 = 0.9515 ug/L
1-5
-------
References
Bluzat, R., and J. Senge. 1979. Effets de Trois insecticides
(lindane, Fenthion and carbaryl): Toxicite1 aigue sur gnatre
espece d1invertebres limneques: Toxicite1 chronique chez le
mollusque pulmone1 Lymnea. Environ. Pollut. 18:51-70.
Federle, P.F, and W.J. Collins. 1976. Insecticide Toxicity to
Three Insects from Ohio Ponds. Ohio J. Sci. 76:19-24.
Hermens, J., H. Canton, M. Stezger, and R. Wagman. 1984. Joint
Effects of a Mixture of 14 Chemicals on Mortality and Inhibition
of Reproduction of Daphnia magna. Aquatic Toxicol. 5:315-322.
Macek, K.J., and W.A. McAllister. 1970. Insecticide
Susceptibility of Some Common Fish Family Representatives.
Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 99:20-27.
Mayer, F.L., and M.R. Ellersieck. 1986. Manual of Acute
Toxicity: Interpretation and Database for 410 Chemicals and 66
Species of Freshwater Animals. U.S. Dept. Interior, Fish and
Wildlife Service. Resource Pub. 160.
Randall, W.F., W.H. Dennis, and M.C. Warner. 1979. Acute
Toxicity of Dechlorinated DDT, Chlordane and Lindane to Bluegill
(Lepomis macrochirus) and Daphnia magna. Bull. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol. 31:459-466.
Tooby, T.E., and F.J. Durbin. 1975. Lindane Residue
Accumulation and Elimination in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri
Richardson) and Roach (Rutilus rutilus Linneaus). Environ.
Pollut. 8:79-89."
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for
Hexachlorocyclohexane. EPA 440/5-80-054. National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, VA.
1-6
-------
GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE
Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Mercury(II)
The new acceptable acute data for mercury(II) are given in Table
Jl; no new chronic data were used. These new data were used with
those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for
mercury(II) (U.S. EPA 1985) to obtain the values given in Table
J2.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table J2, resulting in a FAV of
3.388 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2,
resulting in a CMC of 1.694 ug/L as total recoverable
mercury(II).
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). ACRs
were given for two freshwater species and one saltwater species
in U.S. EPA (1985). The ACR obtained with the more resistant
fathead minnow was much higher than the other two. The ACR
obtained with the saltwater mysid was 3.095 and was similar to
the Species Mean Acute-Chronic Ratio of 4.498 for Daphnia magna.
The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of the two SMACRs
and was 3.731. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (3.388 ug/L)/(3.731) =
0.9081 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System. The CCC was 0.9081 ug/L as total recoverable
mercury(II).
The Criterion
The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of mercury(II) does not
exceed 0.9081 ug/L more than once every three years on the
average and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed
1.694 ug/L more than once every three years on the average.
J-l
-------
Table Ji. New Acute Values for Mercury(II)
Species Method*
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata S,U
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna, S,U
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex S,U
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis S,U
Midge ,
Chironomus riparius S,M
Mosquitof ish,
Gambusia af finis S,U
Walking catfish,
Clarias batrachus S,U
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas. FT,M
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata R,U
Acute
Value
(ug/L)
2.9
9.6
3.8
1.0**
750
230
375
172
26
Reference
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Martin and
Holdich 1986
Rossaro
et al. 1986
Paulose 1988
Kirubagaran
and Joy 1988
Spehar and
Fiandt 1986
Khangarot
and Ray 1987
* S = static, R = renewal, FT = flow-through, U = unmeasured, M = measured.
** Not used in the derivation of the criterion because the corresponding 48-
hr LC50 is 470 ug/L, which is an unusually large decrease in the LC50 from
48 to 96 hours.
J-2
-------
Table J2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Mercury(II)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) Ratio
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
2000 Stonefly,
Acroneuria lycorias
2000 Mayfly,
Ephemerella subvaria
2000 Caddisfly,
Hydropsyche betteni
1200 Caddisfly,
(Unidentified)
1200 ' Damselfly,
(Unidentified)
1000 Worm,
Nais sp.
1000 Mozambique tilapia
Tilapia mossambica
406.2 Tubificid worm,
Spirosperma ferox
Tubificid worm,
Spirosperma nikolskyi
375 Walking catfish,
Clarias batrachus
370 Snail,
Aplexa hypnorum
257 • Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
250 Tubificid worm,
Quistadrilus multisetosus
240 Tubificid worm,
Rhyacodrilus montana
203 Mosquitofish,
Gambusia affinis
180 Tubificid worm,
Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri
2000
2000
2000
1200
1200
1000
1000
330
500
375
370
240
275
250
240
203
180
J-3
-------
Table J2. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) Ratio
14
13
12
11
10
163 Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
160 Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
140 Tubificid worm,
Tubifex tubifex
140 Tubificid worm,
Stylodrilus heringianus
122*** Midge,
Chironomus sp.
Midge,
Chironomus riparius
100 . Tubificid worm,
Varichaeta pacifica
80 Tubificid worm,
Branchiura sowerbyi
80 Snail,
Amnicola sp.
50 Crayfish,
Orconectes limosus
28 Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
20 Crayfish,
Faxonella clypeatus
10 Amphipod,
Gammarus sp.
3.3 _ Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
2.9 Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
163
160
140
140
20
750
100
80
80
50
28
20
10
3.7
2.9
2.9
> 649.2**
4.498
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
J-4
-------
*** This GMAV was not set equal to the lowest SMAV because the species was
not identified.
FAV = 3.388 ug/L
CMC = FAV/2 = 1.694 ug/L
FACR = 3.731
FCV ='FAV/FACR = (3.388 ug/L)/(3.731) = 0.9081 ug/L = CCC
J-5
-------
References
Elnabarawy, M.T., A.N. Welter, and R.R. Robideau. 1986.
Relative Sensitivity of Three Daphnia Species to Selected Organic
and Inorganic Chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398.
Khangarot, B.S., and P.K. Ray. 1987. Studies on the Acute
Toxicity of Copper and Mercury Alone and in Combination to the
Common Guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Peters). Arch. Hydrobiol.
110:303-314.
Kirubagaran, R., and K.P. Joy. 1988. Toxic Effects of Three
Mercurial Compounds on Survival and Histology of the Kidney of
the Catfish Clarias batrachus (L.). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety
15:171-179.
Martin, T.R., and D.M. Holdich. 1986. The Acute Lethality of
Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular Reference
to Fresh-Water Asellids and Gammarids). Water Res. 20:1137-1147.
Paulose, P.V. 1988. Comparative Study of Inorganic and Organic
Mercury Poisoning on Selected Freshwater Organisms. J. Environ.
Biol. 9:203-206.
Rossaro, B., G.F. Gaggino, and R. Marchetti. 1986. Accumulation
of Mercury in Larvae and Adults, Chironomus riparius (Meigen).
Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 37:402-406.
Spehar, R.L., and J.T. Fiandt. 1986. Acute and Chronic Effects
of Water Quality Criteria-Based Metal Mixtures on Three Aquatic
Species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:917-931.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Mercury -
1984. EPA 440/5-84-026. National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA..
J-6
-------
GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE
Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Nickel
The new acceptable acute data for nickel are given in Table Kl;
no new acceptable chronic data were found. These data were used
with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for
nickel (U.S. EPA 1986) to obtain the values given in Table K2.
Some of the SMAVs in Table K2 differ from those given in Table 3
in U.S. EPA (1986) because preference was given to "FT,M" tests
in Table K2. Because the toxicity of nickel is hardness -
dependent, all acute values in Table K2 have been adjusted to a
hardness of 50 mg/L.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values in Table K2, resulting in an FAV of 522
ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L. This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species of the Great Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by
dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 261 ug/L, as total
recoverable nickel, at a hardness of 50 mg/L. The CMC was
related to hardness using the slope of 0.846 that was derived in
U.S. EPA (1986):
0.846(In hardness) +2.255
CMC = e
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). SMACRs
were available for two freshwater species and one saltwater
species (U.S. EPA 1986). The saltwater ACR was 5.478 and the
three are within a factor of 6.5. The FACR was calculated as the
geometric mean of the three ACRs and was 17.99. The FCV =
FAV/FACR = (522 ug/L)/(17.99) = 29.02 ug/L at a hardness of 50
mg/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System. Thus the CCC was 29.02 ug/L, as total recoverable
nickel, at a hardness of 50 mg/L. The CCC was related to
hardness using the slope of 0.846:
0.846(In hardness) +0.0584
•— 6
K-l
-------
The Criterion
The procedures described in the GLI tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of nickel does not exceed
the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation
0.846 (In hardness) +0.0584
CCC = e
more than once every three years on the average and if the
one-hour average concentration does not exceed the numerical
value (in ug/L) given by the equation
0.846(In hardness) +2.255
CMC = e
more than once every three years on the average.
K-2
-------
Table Kl. New Acute Values for Nickel
Adjusted
Species Method*
Snail, FT,U
Physa gyrina
Amphipod, S , U
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Midge, (1st instar) S,U
Chironomus riparis
Midge, {1st instar) S,U
Chironomus riparis
Midge, (1st instar) S,U
Chironomus riparis
Midge, (2nd instar) S,U
Chironomus riparis***
Midge, (2nd instar) S,U
Chironomus riparis***
Midge, (2nd instar) S,U
Chironomus riparis***
Hardness
(mg/L as
CaCO3)
26
50
55
55
55
55
55
55
Acute
Value
(ug/L)
239
66,100
72,400
81,300
84,900
184,000
150,000
174,000
Acute
Value
(ug/L) **
416
66,100
66,791
75,002
78,323
169,746
138,380
160,521
Reference
Nebeker
et al. 1986
Martin and
Holdich 1986
Fowl es land and
George 1986
Powlesland and
George 1986
Powlesland and
George 1986
Powlesland and
George 1986
Powlesland and
George 1986
Powlesland and
George 1986
* S = static, FT = flow-through, U = unmeasured.
** Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using a slope of 0.846.
*** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for a
more sensitive life stage.
K-3
-------
Table K2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Nickel
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L)** Ratio
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
73208
66100
43250
40460
30200
21320
21200
14100
13380
13000
12770
12756
12180
9839
9661
8697
Midge ,
Chironomus riparis
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Banded killifish,
Fundulus diaphanus
Stonef ly,
Acroneuria lycorias
Caddisfly
Unidentified sp.
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Damself ly,
Unidentified sp.
Worm,
Nais sp.
Rainbow trout.
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Amphipod,
Gammarus sp .
Snail,
Amnicola sp .
Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
American eel,
Anguilla rostrata
Common carp ,
Cyprinus carpio
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
White perch,
Morone americana
Striped bass.
73208
66100
43250
40460
30200
21320
21200
14100
13380
13000
12770
7544
21570
12180
9839
9661
12790
5914
„
Morone saxatilis
K-4
-------
Table K2. (Cent.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L)** Ratio
6707 Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
4636 Mayfly,
Ephemerella subvaria
4312 Rock bass,
Ambloplites rupestris
1500 Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulicaria
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
416 ' Snail,
Physa gyrina
6707
4636
4312
2042
1102
416
35.58
29.86
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
** At hardness = 50 mg/L.
At hardness =50 mg/L:
FAV =522 ug/L
CMC = FAV/2 = 261 ug/L
As a function of hardness:
CMC = e
0.846 (In hardness) +2.255
FACR = 17.99
At hardness =50 mg/L:
FCV = FAV/FACR = (522 ug/L)/(17.99) = 29.02 ug/L = CCC
As a function of hardness:
0 .846(In hardness) +0.0584
CCC = e
K-5
-------
References
Martin, T.R., and D.M. Holdich. 1986. The Acute Lethal Toxicity
of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular
Reference to Freshwater Asellids and Gammarids). Water Res.
20:1137-1147.
Nebeker, A.V., A. Stinchfield, C, Savonen, and G.A. Chapman.
1986. Effects of Copper, Nickel, and Zinc on Three Species of
Oregon Freshwater Snails. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:807-811
Powlesland, C., and J. George. 1986. Acute and Chronic Toxicity
of Nickel to Larvae of Chironomus riparis (Meigan). Environ.
Poll., (Series A). 42:47-64.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Nickel. EPA 440/5-86-004. National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, VA.
K-6
-------
GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE
Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Parathion
No new acceptable acute or chronic data for parathion were found.
Therefore, the data given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria
document for parathion (U.S. EPA 1985) were used to obtain the
values given in Table LI.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
Some of the Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table 3 of U.S. EPA
(1985) were changed because of the new taxonomy for salmonids and
because only one value was calculated for the genus Chironomus;
these changes did not affect the FAV. The Final Acute Value
(FAV) was calculated using the four lowest Genus Mean Acute
Values given in Table LI, resulting in a FAV of 0.1299 ug/L.
This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially
or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System.
The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a
CMC of 0.06495 ug/L.
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). Three
Species Mean ACRs were available (Table LI). The ACRs obtained
with the resistant fishes were much higher than that obtained
with the sensitive cladoceran. To make the FACR appropriate for
sensitive species, it was set equal to the ACR of 10.10 obtained
with the cladoceran. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (0.1299 ug/L)/(10.10)
= 0.01286 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect
a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System. The CCC was 0.01286 ug/L.
The Criterion
The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of parathion does not
exceed 0.01286 ug/L more than once every three years on the
average and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed
0.06495 ug/L more than once every three years on the average.
L-l
-------
Table LI. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Parathion
Rank*
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
5,230
5,230
2,650
2,223
1,838
1,510
1,486
1,130
1,000
839.6
'
688.7
620
320
<250
56
Species
Tubificid worm,
Tubifex sp.
Tubificid worm,
Limnodrilus sp .
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Lake trout
Salvelinus namaycush
Brown trout,
Salmo trutta
Cutthroat trout ,
Oncorhynchus clarki
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus gairdneri
Isopod,
Asellus brevicaudus
Western chorus frog,
Pseudacris triseriata
Fathead minnow.
Pimephales promelas
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Largemouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides
Mosquitof ish,
Gambusia affinis
Crayfish,
Procambarus sp .
Guppy,
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
5,230
5,230
2,650
2,223
1,760
1,920
1,510
1,560
1,415
1,130
1,000
839.6
930
510
620
320
<250
56
Species Mean
Acut e - Chron i c
Ratio
79.45**
2121**
Poecilia reticulata
L-2
-------
Table LI. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L) Ratio
16
15
14
13
15 Mayfly,
Hexagenia bilineata
7.0 Beetle,
Peltodytes spp.
5.4 Stonefly,
Pteronarcys californica
4.2 Stonefly,
Pteronarcella badia
15
7.0
5.4
4.2
12
11
10
7
6
3
2
3.0 Damselfly, 3.0
Lestes congener
2.9 ' Stonefly, 2.9
Acroneuria pacifica
2.739 Prawn, 2.739
Palaemonetes kadiakensis
2.227 Mayfly, 2.227
Cloeon dipterum
1.697*** Midge, 31
Chironomus tentans
Midge, 1.697
Chironomus riparius
1.5 Stonefly, 1.5
Claassenia sabulosa
1.127 Amphipod, 0.3628
Gammarus fasciatus
Amphipod, 3.5
Gammarus lacustris
0.8944 Phantom midge, 0.8944
Chaoborus sp.
0.7746 Cladoceran, 1.0
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran, 0.60
Daphnia pulex
0.64 Damselfly, 0.64
Ischnura verticalis
0.47 Cladoceran, 0.47
Simocephalus serrulatus
10.10
L-3
-------
Table LI. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
Species Mean
Acute-Chronic
Ratio
0.04
Crayfish,
Orconectes nais
0.04
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
** Not used in the- calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
*** This GMAV was set equal to the lower SMAV due to the large range in the
SMAVs in this genus.
FAV = 0.1299 ug/L
CMC = FAV/2 = 0.06495 ug/L
FACR = 10.10
FCV = FAV/FACR = (0.1299 ug/L)/(10.10)
= 0.01286 ug/L = CCC
L-4
-------
References
U.S. EPA. 1986. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Parathion - 1986. EPA 440/5-86-007. National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, VA.
L-5
-------
GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE
Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Pentachlorophenol
No new acceptable acute or chronic data for pentachlorophenol
were found. Therefore, the data given in Tables 1 and 2 of the
criteria document for pentachlorophenol (U.S. EPA 1986) were used
to obtain the values given in Table Ml. Because the toxicity of
pentachlorophenol is pH-dependent, all acute values in Table Ml
have been adjusted to a pH of 6.5.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
Some of the Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table 3 of U.S. EPA
(1985) were changed because of the new taxonomy for salmonids and
because the values for Jordanella floridae and Rana catesbeiana
had been incorrectly adjusted to a pH of 6.5 and because the SMAV
for Gammarus pseudolimnaeus had been calculated incorrectly. The
Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table Ml, resulting in a FAV of
10.56 ug/L at a pH of 6.5. This value did not need to be lowered
to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of
the Great Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the
FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 5.28 ug/L at a pH of 6.5. The
CMC was related to pH using the slope of 1.005 that was derived
in U.S. EPA (1986) :
1.005 (pH) - 4.869
CMC = e F
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). Six
Species Mean ACRs were available (Table Ml), but two of them were
"greater than" values. The range of the other four was less than
a factor of 6. The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of
the four similar SMACRs and was 2.608. The FCV = FAV/FACR =
(10.56 ug/L)/(2.608) = 4.049 ug/L at a pH of 6.5. This value did
not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or
recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The
CCC was 4.049 ug/L at a pH of 6.5. The CCC was related to pH
using the slope of 1.005:
1.005 (pH) - 5.134
CCC = e *
M-l
-------
The Criterion
The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of pentachlorophenol does
not exceed the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation
1.005 (pH) - 5.134
CCC = e *
more than once every three years on the average and if the
one-hour average concentration does not exceed the numerical
value (in ug/L) given by the equation
1.005(pH) - 4.869
CMC = e
more than once every three years on the average.
M-2
-------
Table Ml. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Pentachlorophenol
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L)** Ratio
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
>43920 Crayfish, >43920
Orconectes immunis
11260 Midge, 11260
Tanytarsus dissimilis
10610 Sciomyzid, 10610
Sepedon fuscipennis
417.7 Tubificid worm, 417.7
Rhyacodrilus montana
408.2 • Tubificid worm, 408.2
Stylodrilus heringianus
403.2 Snail, 403.2
Gilila altilis
361.6 Tubificid worm, 239.5
Spirosperma ferox
Tubificid worm, 545.8
Spirosperma nikoiskyl
317.5 Tubificid worm, 317.5
Quistadrilus multisetosus
306.7 Flagfish, 306.7
Jordanella floridae
224.2 Tubificid worm, 224.2
Tubifex tubifex
195.4 . Guppy, 195.4
Poecilia reticulata
182.5 Tubificid worm, 182.5
Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri
172.1 Amphipod, 172.1
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
155.9 Tubificid worm, 155.9
Branchiura sowerbyi
132.1 Snail, 132.1
Physa gyrina
>10.27***
M-3
-------
Table Ml. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L)** Ratio
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
105.0 Largemouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides
91.48 . Amphipod,
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
87.48 Amphipod,
Hyalella azteca
78.10 Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
67.13 Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
65.53 Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
63.11 Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
60.50 _ Mosquitofish,
Gambusia affinis
60.43 Snail,
Aplexa hypnorum
58.47 Tubificid worm,
Varichaeta pacifica
57.72 Cladoceran,
Simocephalus vetulus
56.41 Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
34.13 Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
33.91 Bullfrog,
Rana catesbeiana
105.0
91.48
87.48
90.83
67.15
67.13
65.53
63.11
60.50
60.43
58.47
57.72
56.41
34.13
33.91
2.5
>15.79***
4.535
0.8945
M-4
-------
Table Ml. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L)** Ratio
31.26 Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Sockeye salmon,
Oncorhynchus nerka
Chinook salmon,
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
26.54 Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
4.355 Common carp,
Cyprinus carpio
35.34
31.82
32.85
25.85
26.54
4.355
4.564
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
** At pH = 6.5.
*** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
At pH = 6.5:
FAV = 10.56 ug/L
CMC = FAV/2 =5.28 ug/L
As a function of pH:
CMC = e
1.005 (pH) - 4.869
FACR = 2.608
At pH = 6.5:
FCV = FAV/FACR = (10.56 ug/L)/(2.608) = 4.049 ug/L = CCC
As a function of pH;
1.005 (pH) - 5.134
CCC = e
M-5
-------
References
U.S. EPA. 1986. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Pentachloropheno-l. EPA 440/5-88-009. National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, VA.
M-6
-------
GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE
Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Selenium
The new acceptable acute data for selenium are given in Table 01;
no new acceptable chronic data were found. These new data were
used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document
for selenium (U.S. EPA 1987) to obtain the values'given in Tables
02 and 03.
Selenium(IV):
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table 02, resulting in a FAV of
371.8 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2,
resulting in a CMC of 185.9 ug/L.
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). Four
Species Mean ACRs were available (Table 02), but the one
determined with the acutely resistant species was higher than the
other three; the three were within a factor of 2.4. The FACR was
calculated as the geometric mean of the three and was 7.998. The
FCV = FAV/FACR = (371.8 ug/L)/(7.998) = 46.49 ug/L. As in U.S.
EPA (1987), this value was lowered to 27.6 ug/L to protect the
commercially and recreationally important rainbow trout. The CCC
was 27.6 ug/L.
Selenium(VI):
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table 03, resulting in a FAV of
25.066 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2,
resulting in a CMC of 12.533 ug/L.
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
N-l
-------
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). Three
Species Mean ACRs were available (Table 03), and they increased
as the acute sensitivities of the species increased. To make the
FACR appropriate for sensitive species, it was set equal to the
SMACR of 2.651 for the sensitive Daphnia magna. The FCV =
FAV/FACR = (25.0-66 ug/L) / (2.651) = 9.455 ug/L. This value did
not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or
recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The
CCC was 9.455 ug/L.
Total selenium:
As discussed in U.S. EPA (1987) , field studies conducted on
Belews Lake in North Carolina suggested that selenium might be
more toxic to certain species of freshwater fish than had been
observed in laboratory chronic toxicity tests. Based upon these
field studies and some laboratory studies, the CCC for total
selenium was set at 5 ug/L. The Final Acute-Chronic Ratio for
total selenium was calculated as the geometric mean of the six
ACRs in Tables 02 and 03 that are between 2.5 and 16.5 and was
7.737. The FAV was calculated by multiplying the CCC by the FACR
and was 38.68 ug/L. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV
by 2, resulting in a CMC of 19.34 ug/L as total recoverable
selenium.
The Criterion
The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatj-c organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of selenium does not exceed
5 ug/L more than once every three years on the average and if the
one-hour average concentration does not exceed 19.34 ug/L more
than once every three years on the average.
N-2
-------
Table Ol. New Acute Values for Selenium
Species
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Acute Value
Method* Chemical (ug/L)
S,U Na-selenite 680
[Selenium (IV)]
S,U Na-selenate 750
[Selenium (VI)]
Reference
Johnston 1987
Johnston 1987
* S = static, U = unmeasured.
N-3
-------
Table O2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Selenium(IV)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
Species Mean
Acute-Chroni c
Ratio
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
203000
42500
35000
34910
30176
28500
26100
25934
'24100
13600
12
11
10
9
12600
11700
10490
10200
6500
2704
1796
Leech,
Nephelopsis obscure
Midge,
Tanytarsus dissimilis
Common carp,
Cyprinus carpio
Snail,
Aplexa hypnorum
Catostomus commersoni
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Midge,
Chironomus plumosus
Snail,
Physa sp.
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
Gambusia affinis
Yellow Perch,
Perca flavescens
Rainbow Trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Flagfish,
Jordanella floridae
Amphipod,
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
30176
26100
25934
24100
13600
11700
10490
10200
6500
2704
834
3870
141.5**
13.31
5.586
N-4
-------
Table O2. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
Species Mean
Acute-Chronic
Ratio
1783 Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
1700 Hydra,
Hydra sp.
1601 Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
<603.6 Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia affinis
340 Amphipod,
Hyalella azteca
1783
1700
1601
<603.6
340
6.881
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
FAV = 371.8 ug/L
CMC = FAV/2 = 185.9 ug/L
FACR = 7.998
FCV = FAV/FACR = (371.8 ug/L)/(7.998) = 46.49 ug/L
Lowered to protect rainbow trout:
FCV =27.6 ug/L = CCC
N-5
-------
Table O3. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Selenium(VI)
Rank*
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
Species Mean
Acute-Chronic
Ratio
11
10
442000
193000
66000
63000
47000
20000
7300
5500
760
550.1
Leech,
Hephelopsis obscura
Snail,
Aplexa hypnorum
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Midge,
442000
193000
66000
63000
47000
20000
Paratanytarsus parthenogeneticus
7300
65
Hydra,
Hydra sp.
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Amphipod,
Hyalella azteca
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulicaria
,38 Amphipod,
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
5500
760
1230
246
16.26
9.726
2.651
65.38
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
FAV = 25.066 ug/L
CMC = FAV/2 = 12.533 ug/L
FACR = 2.651
FCV = FAV/FACR = (25.066 ug/L)/(2.651) = 9.455 ug/L = CCC
N-6
-------
References
Johnston, P.A. 1987. Acute Toxicity of Inorganic Selenium to
Daphnia magna (Straus) and the Effect of Sub-acute Exposure upon
Growth and Reproduction. Aquatic Toxicol. 10:335-352.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Selenium. EPA 440/5-87-006. National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, VA.
N-7
-------
GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE
Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Zinc
The new acceptable acute data for zinc are given in Table PI; no
new acceptable chronic data were found. These data were used
with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for
zinc (U.S. EPA 1987) to obtain the values given in Table P2.
Because the toxicity of zinc is hardness-dependent, all acute
values in Table P2 have been adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L.
Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)
The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values in Table P2, resulting in an FAV of 133.2
ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L. This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species of the Great Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by
dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 66.6 ug/L, as total
recoverable zinc, at a hardness of 50 mg/L. The CMC was related
to hardness using the slope of 0.8473 that was derived in U.S.
EPA (1987):
0.8473 (In hardness) +0.884
CMC = e
Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)
Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). SMACRs
were available for seven species (Table P2), but three were for
resistant species and one was a "less than" value. The other
three were within a factor of 10.4. The FACR was calculated as
the geometric mean of the three SMACRs and was 1.994. According
to the GLI tier 1 methodology, the FACR cannot be less than 2.
The FCV = FAV/FACR = (133.2 ug/L)/(2) =66.6 ug/L at a hardness
of 50 mg/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System. Thus the CCC was 66.6 ug/L, as total recoverable
zinc, at a hardness of 50 mg/L and equals the CMC. The CCC was
related to hardness using the slope of 0.8473:
0 . 8473 (In hardness ) + 0 . 884
CCC = e
When it equals the CMC, the CCC is irrelevant because the CMC has
a shorter averaging period.
0-1
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The Criterion
The procedures described in the GLI tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the one-hour average concentration of zinc does not exceed the
numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation
0.8473 (In hardness) +0.884
CMC = e
more than once every three years on the average.
0-2
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Table PI. New Acute Values for Zinc
Adjusted
Hardness Acute Acute
(mg/L as Value Value
Species Method* CaC03) (ug/L) (ug/L)** Reference
Frog, S,M 100
Xenopus laevis
Cladoceran, S,U 300
Daphnia magna
34500 19176 Dawson
et al. 1988
1100 241 Berglind and
Dave 1984
* S = Static, M = measured, U = unmeasured.
** Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using slope = 0.8473.
0-3
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Table P2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Zinc.
Rank*
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)** Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L)** Ratio
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
88960
19800
19176
18400
17940
16820
13630
10560
10250
9712
8157
8100
7233
6580
6053
Damself ly,
Argia sp.
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Frog,
Xenopus laevis
Worm,
Nais sp.
Banded killifish,
Fundulus diaphanus
Snail,
Amnicola sp.
American eel,
Anguilla rostrata
Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Worm,
Lumbriculus variegatus
Isopod,
Asellus bicrenata
Isopod,
Asellus communis
Amphipod,
Gammarus sp .
Common carp,
Cyprinus carpio
Northern squawfish,
Ptychocheilus oregonensis
Guppy,
88960
19800
19176
18400
17940
16820
13630
18790
5937
10250
9712
5731
11610
8100
7233
6580
6053
Poecilia reticulata
0-4
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Table P2. (Cont.)
Genus Mean
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)** Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L)** Ratio
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
X J
12
11
10
9
6000
5228
4900
4341
3830
3265
2176
2100
1707
X / U /
1672
1607
1578
1353
Golden shiner,
Notemigonus crysoleucas
White sucker,
Catostomus commersoni
Asiatic clam,
Corbicula fluminea
Southern platyfish,
Xiphophorus maculatus
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Isopod,
Lirceus alabamae
Atlantic salmon,
Salmo salar
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
DX y \j £t (_/dIJ. f
Lophopodella carteri
Flagfish,
Jordanella floridae
Bryozoan,
Plumatella emarginata
Snail
O11CLX X f
Helisoma campanulatum
Snail
Physa gyrina
Snail .
6000
5228
4900
4341
3830
3265
2176
2100
1 "7IT7
• J. / U »
1672
1607
T C T Q
J-3 / O
i naa
5.644***
2.335***
41.2***
_ _
Physa heterostropha
1307 Bryozoan,
Pectinatella magnifica
>1264 Tubificid worm,
Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri
1307
>1264
0-5
-------
Table P2 . (ContJ
Genus Mean'
Acute Value
Rank* (ug/L)** Species
Species Mean Species Mean
Acute Value Acute-Chronic
(ug/L)** Ratio
931.3 Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Sockeye salmon,
Oncorhynchus nerka
Chinook salmon,
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
790 Mozambique tilapia,
Tilapia mossambica
299.8 ' Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
227.8 Longfin dace,
Agosia chrysogaster
119.4 Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
93.95 Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia dubia
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
689.3
1628
1502
446.4
790
355.5
252.9
227.8
119.4
174.1
50.70
1.554
<6.074***
0.7027
7.26
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
Value.
** At hardness = 50 mg/L.
*** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
At hardness = 50 mg/L:
FAV = 133.2 ug/L
CMC = FAV/2 = 66.. 6 ug/L
As a function of hardness:
CMC = e
0.8473(In hardness) +0.884
0-6
-------
FACR = 1.994 but was raised to 2
At hardness = 50 mg/L:
FCV = FAV/FACR = (133.2 ug/L)/(2) = 66.6 ug/L = CCC
As a function of hardness:
0.8473 (In hardness) +0.884
CCC = e
0-7
-------
References
Berglind, R., and G. Dave. 1984. Acute Toxicity of Chromate,
DDT, PCP, TPBS, and Zinc to Daphnia magna Cultured in Hard and
Soft Water. Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 33:63-68.
Dawson, D.A., E.-F. Stebler, S.L. Burks, and J.A. Bantle. 1988.
Evaluation of the Developmental Toxicity of Metal-Contaminated
Sediments Using Short-Term Fathead Minnow and Frog Embryo-Larval
Assays. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 7:27-34.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Zinc. EPA 440/5-87-003. National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA.
°"8 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th Floor
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