rxEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water 4301 EPA-820-B-9 5-004 March 1995 Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative Criteria Documents for the Protection of Aquatic Life in Ambient Water ------- DISCLAIMER This document has been reviewed by the Health and Ecological Criteria Division, Office of Science and Technology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication as a support document for the Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement of their use. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Technical support for preparation of this document was provided to the Office of Water by Charles E. Stephan of the Office of Research and Development, Environmental Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN. AVAILABILITY NOTICE This document is available for a fee upon written request or telephone call to: National Technical Information Center (NTIS) U.S. Department of Commerce 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 (800) 553-6847 (703) 487-4650 NTIS Document Number: PB95187282 or Education Resources Information Center/Clearinghouse for Science, Mathematics, and Environemntal Education (ERIC/CSMEE) 1200 Chambers Road, Room 310 Columbus, OH 43212 (800) 276-0462 (614) 292-6717 ERIC Number: DO48 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 5, Library (PL-12J) 77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th Floor Chicago, II 60604-3590 ------- GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE AMBIENT WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR THE PROTECTION OF AQUATIC LIFE Arsenic (III) A-l Cadmium B-1 Chromium(III) C-l Chromium (VI) D-l Copper E-l Cyanide F-l Dieldrin G-l Endrin H-l Lindane . . . 1-1 Mercury (II) J-1 Nickel K-l Parathion L-l Pentachlorophenol M-l Selenium N-l Zinc 0-1 ------- INTRODUCTION The GLI aquatic life criteria contained herein were derived using the procedures described in Appendix A to Part 132: Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative Methodologies for Development of Aquatic Life Criteria and Values. It will be necessary to understand these procedures in order to understand the derivations presented herein. In the derivation of the GLI aquatic life criteria, new data that were considered to be of acceptable quality were used along with the data in the criteria documents published by the U.S. EPA. "New data" are data that became available since the last literature search used in the preparation of the criteria documents by U.S. EPA and prior to January 1993. Some errors in the U.S. EPA criteria documents were corrected and the new taxonomy for salmonids was used; some SMAVs and GMAVs are different from those in the U.S. EPA criteria documents due to the preference for results of "FT,M" tests. Although some new data could have been used to revise the slopes relating acute and/or chronic toxicity to hardness or pH, it was decided that revision was not necessary at this time. Thus all of the slopes used herein are .the same as those used in the criteria documents published by U.S. EPA. Four digits are given in the concentrations in criteria because these are intermediate values in the derivation of permit limits. The GLI methodology specifies Minimum Data Requirements (MDRs) for chronic data and also describes how the available chronic data should be used. ACRs determined with saltwater species can be used if the Minimum Data Requirements are not satisfied by ACRs determined with freshwater species. Because the FAV is derived to represent acutely sensitive species, the FACR should be derived to be appropriate for sensitive species if the ACRs for the chemical appear to increase or decrease as the acute sensitivity of the species increases. The following acronyms are used in this document: ACR = Acute-Chronic Ratio CCC = Criterion Continuous Concentration CMC = Criterion Maximum Concentration FAV = Final Acute Value FCV = Final Chronic Value GLI = Great Lakes Initiative GMAV = Genus Mean Acute Value GMCV = Genus Mean Chronic Value FACR = Final Acute-Chronic Ratio SMACR = Species Mean Acute-Chronic Ratio SMAV = Species Mean Acute Value SMCV = Species Mean Chronic Value ii ------- GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Arsenic(III) The new acceptable acute and chronic data for arsenic(III) are given in Tables Al and A2. These new data were used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for arsenic (U.S. EPA 1985) to obtain the values given in Table A3. Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table A3, resulting in a FAV of 679.6 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 339.8 ug/L, as total recoverable arsenic(III). Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure. Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). The new chronic test gave an ACR of 3.784; the geometric mean of this value and the ACR in U.S. EPA (1985) for the same species was 4.199. This and the two other Species Mean ACRs in U.S. EPA (1985) are given in Table A3; the three ACRs were within a factor of 1.2. The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of the three ACRs and was 4.594. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (679.6 ug/L)/(4.594) = 147.9 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CCC was 147.9 ug/L, as total recoverable arsenic(III). The Criterion The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate that, except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably if the four-day average concentration of arsenic(III) does not exceed 147.9 ug/L more than once every three years on the average and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed 339.8 ug/L more than once every three years on the average. A-l ------- Table Al. New Acute Values for Arsenic(III) Species Method* Chemical Test Acute Duration Value (hrs) (ug/L) Reference Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas FT,M Cladoceran, Daphnia magna S,U Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex S,U Cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia reticulata S,U Sodium arsenite Sodium arsenite Sodium arsenite Sodium arsenite Spehar and 96 12,600 Fiandt 1986 Elnabarawy 48 4,501 et al. 1986 Elnabarawy 48 2,366 et al . 1986 Elnabarawy 48 1,269 et al. 1986 * FT = flow-through* M = measured, S = static, U = unmeasured. A-2 ------- Table A2. New Chronic Values for Arsenic(III) Acute Chronic Acute- Value Value Chronic Species Method* (ug/L) (ug/L) Ratio Reference Fathead minnow, ELS 12,600 3,330 3.784 Spehar and Pimephales promelas Fiandt 1986 * ELS = early life stage. A-3 ------- Table A3. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Arsenic(III) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L) Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L) Ratio 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 97,000 41,760 26,040 24,500 22,040 20,130 18,100 i A Q c. r\ J.*t , y bU 14,065 13,340 2,690 1,511 1,175 874 Midge, Tany tarsus dissimilis Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Goldfish, Carassius auratus Snail, Aplexa hypnorum Stonefly, Pteronarcys californica Flagfish, .Jordanella floridae Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Cladoceran, Daphnia magpna Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex Cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia reticulata Cladoceran, Simocephalus serrulatus Cladoceran, Simocephalus vetulus Atnphipod, Gammarus pseudolimnaeus 97,000 41,760 26,040 24,500 22,040 20,130 18,100 ^ A Q CO -L3: , _? D U 14,065 13,340 4,449 1,626 1,511 812 1,700 874 4.862 ----- 4.199 4.748 * Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute Value. A-4 ------- FAV = 679.6 ug/L CMC = FAV/2 = 339.8 ug/L FACR = 4.594 FCV = FAV/FACR = (679.6 ug/L)/(4.594) = 147.9 ug/L = CCC A-5 ------- References Elnabarawy, M.T., A.N. Welter, and R.R. Robideau. 1986. Relative Sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic and Inorganic Chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398. Spehar, R.L., and J.T. Fiandt. 1986. Acute and Chronic Effects of Water Quality Criteria-based Metal Mixtures on Three Aquatic Species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:917-931. U.S. EPA. 1985. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Arsenic - 1984. EPA 440/5-84-033. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. A-6 ------- GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Cadmium The new acceptable acute and chronic data for cadmium are given in Tables Bl and B2. These new data were used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for cadmium (U.S. EPA 1985) to obtain the values given in Tables B3 and B4. Because the toxicity of cadmium is hardness-dependent, all acute and chronic values in Tables B3 and B4 have been adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L. Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) The SMAVs given in Table B3 for the green sunfish, bluegill, coho salmon, and rainbow trout were derived from U.S. EPA (1985) by giving preference to results of "FT,M" tests. Several SMAVs given in U.S. EPA (1985) were changed or eliminated due to deletion of tests that were conducted in river water by Spehar and Carlson (1984a,b). The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest Genus Mean Acute Values in Table B3, resulting in an FAV of 4.134 ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 2.067 ug/L, as total recoverable cadmium, at a hardness of 50 mg/L. The CMC was related to hardness using the slope of 1.128 that was derived in U.S. EPA (1985): 1.128(In hardness) -3.6867 CMC = e Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) Two chronic values given in U.S. EPA (1985) were not used here because the tests were conducted in river water by Spehar and Carlson (1984a,b). The chronic value given in U.S. EPA (1985) for Moina macrocopa was not used here because the concentrations of cadmium were not measured. Chronic toxicity tests have been conducted on cadmium with a wide variety of aquatic species and the resulting ACRs have a wide range, even within sensitive species (U.S. EPA 1985). Therefore, the Final Chronic Value (FCV) was calculated using the eight- family procedure that was used to calculate the FAV and was used to calculate the FCV for cadmium in U.S. EPA (1985). As in U.S. EPA (1985), the FCV was calculated using the value of n used in B-l ------- the calculation of the FAV (i.e., n = 43). The FCV was 1.4286 ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. Thus the CCC was 1.4286 ug/L, as total recoverable cadmium, at a hardness of 50 mg/L. The CCC was related to hardness using the slope of 0.7852 that was derived in U.S. EPA (1985): 0 . 7852 (In hardness ) - 2 . 715 CCC = e The Criterion The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate that, except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably if the four-day average concentration of cadmium does not exceed the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation 0.7852(In hardness) -2.715 CCC T e more than once every three years on the average and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation 1.128(In hardness) -3.6867 CMC = e more than once every three years on the average. B-2 ------- Table Bl. New Acute Values for Cadmium Species Cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia reticulata Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex Cladoceran, Daphnia magna Amphipod, Crangonyx pseudogracilis Crayfish, Orconectes virilis Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout (28 -day egg) , Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout (14 -day egg) , Oncorhynchus mykiss- Rainbow trout (24-hr, egg) , Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout (0-hr, egg) , Oncorhynchus mykiss Striped bass, Morone saxatilis Method* S,D S,U S,U S,U S,U S,U s,u s,u FT,M FT,M FT,M FT,M FT,M FT,M FT,M S,U Hardness (mg/L as CaC03) 240 120 200 200 240 240 50 26 9.2 50 50 50 50 50 50 40 Acute Value (ug/L) 184 70 50 100 319 178 1700 6100 <0.5 30 10 9200 7500 13000 13000 4 Adjusted Acute Value (ug/L) ** 31.36 26.07 10.47 20.94 54.37 30.3 1700 12755 <3.37 30 10 9200*** 7500*** 13000*** 13000*** 5.14 Reference Elnabarawy et al. 1986 Hall et al. 1986 Hall et al. 1986 Hall et al. 1986 Elnabarawy et al. 1986 Elnabarawy et al. 1986 Martin and Holdich 1986 Mirenda 1986 Cusimano and Brakke 1986 Van Leeuwen et al. 1985 Van Leeuwen et al. 1985 Van Leeuwen et al. 1985 Van Leeuwen et al. 1985 Van Leeuwen et al. 1985 Van Leeuwen et al. 1985 Palawski et al. 1985 B-3 ------- Table Bl. (Cont.) Species Hardness Acute (mg/L as Value Method* CaCOj) (ug/L) Adjusted Acute Value (ug/L)** Reference Striped bass, Morone saxatilis S,U 285 10 1.4 Palawski et al. 1985 * FT = flow-through, M = measured, S = static, U = unmeasured. ** Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using a slope of 1.128. *** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for a more sensitive life stage. B-4 ------- Table B2. New Chronic Values for Cadmium Species Method* Cladoceran, LC Ceriodaphnia reticulata Cladoceran, LC Daphnia magna Cladoceran, LC Daphnia pulex Cladoceran, LC Daphnia pulex Cladoceran, LC Daphnia pulex Oligochaete, LC Aeolosoma headleyi Adjusted Hardness Chronic Chronic (mg/L as Value Value CaC03) (ug/L) (ug/L) ** Reference 240 0.4 0.12*** Elnabarawy et al. 1986 240 4.3 1.25*** Elnabarawy et al. 1986 106 7.07 3.919 Ingersoll and Winner 1982 65 7.49 6.096 Niederlehner 1984 240 13.7 4*** Elnabarawy et al. 1986 65 25.19 20.50 Niederlehner 1984 * LC = life cycle. ** Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using a slope of 0.7852. *** Not used in derivation of the criterion because the concentrations of cadmium were not measured. B-5 ------- Table B3. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Cadmium Rank* 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 Genus Mean Acute Value (ug/L) ** Species 12755 8325 8100 7921 ' 7685 6915 4990 4977 4778 4024 4024 3800 3570 3514 3400 3018 Crayfish, Orconectes virilis Goldfish, Carassius auratus Damself ly, (Unidentified) Tubificid worm, Rhyacodrilus montana Mosquitof ish, Gambusia affinis Tubificid worm, Stylodrilus heringianus Tubificid worm, Spirosperma ferox Tubificid worm, Spirosperma nikolskyi Threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus Tubificid worm, Varichaeta pacif ica Tubificid worm, Tubifex tubifex Tubificid worm, Quistradilus multisetosus Snail, Amnicola sp. Guppy, Poecilia reticulata White sucker, Catostomus commersoni Caddisfly, (Unidentified) Tubificid worm, Species Mean Acute Value (ug/L) ** 12755 8325 8100 7921 7685 6915 4401 5658 4977 4778 4024 4024 3800 3570 3514 3400 3018 Branchiura sowerbyi B-6 ------- Table B3. (Cont.) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L)** Species Species Mean Acute Value (ug/L)** 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 2888 2400 2395 2310 2137 1700 1700 1200 736 401 221.9 215.5 156.9 142.5 . 104.0 Flagfish, Jordanella floridae Northern squawfish, Ptychocheilus oregonensis Green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus Pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Mayfly, Ephemerella grandis Tubificid worm, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Worm, Nais sp. Amphipod, Crangonyx pseudogracilis Midge, Chironomus sp. American eel, Anguilla rostrata Isopod, Asellus bicrenata Bryozoan, Plumatella emarginata Common carp, Cyprinus carpio Snail, Physa gyrina Bryozoan, Pectinatella magnifica Snail, 2888 2400 2399 1347 4249 2310 2137 1700 1700 1200 736 401 221.9 215.5 156.9 142.5 104.0 Aplexa hypnorum B-7 ------- Table B3. (Cont.) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L)** Species Species Mean Acute Value (ug/L)** 12 11 10 98.79 . Banded killifish, Fundulus diaphanus 74.99 Amphipod, Gammarus pseudolimnaeus Amphipod, Gammarus sp. 48.28 Cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia reticulata 42.8 Isopod, Lirceus alabamae 40.78 Cladoceran, Moina macrocopa 30.54 Bryozoan, Lophopodella carteri 30.50 . Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas 29.96 Cladoceran, Simocephalus serrulatus Cladoceran, Simochephalus vetulus 21.13 Cladoceran, Daphnia magna Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex 5.421 Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss 2.682*** White perch, Morone americana Striped bass, Morone saxatilis 98.79 80.33 70.00 48.28 42.8 40.78 30.54 30.50 33.2 27.03 14.2 31.43 6.48 4.254 5.78 7544 2.682**** B-8 ------- Table B3. (Cont.) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L)** Species Species Mean Acute Value (ug/L)** 1.647 Brown trout, Salmo trutta 1.647 * Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute Value. ** At hardness = 50 mg/L. *** The GMAV was set equal to the lower SMAV due to the large range in the SMAVs in this genus. **** This SMAV was based on the results reported by Palawski et al. (1985) because they were considered better data than those given in U.S. EPA (1985), although the data reported by Hughes (1973) supported the newer data. At hardness = 50 mg/L: FAV = 4.134 ug/L CMC = FAV/2 = 2.067 ug/L As a function of hardness: 1.128 (In hardness) -3.6867 CMC = e B-9 ------- Table B4. Ranked Genus Mean Chronic Values for Cadmium Genus Mean Chronic Value Rank* (ug/L)** Species Species Mean Chronic Value (ug/L)** 12 11 10 20 16 15 .50 .32 .40 Oligochaete, Aeolosoma headleyi Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Fathead minnow, 20 16 15 .50 .32 .40 Pimephales promelas 8.170 Smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieui 8.138 Northern pike, Esox lucius 7.849 White sucker, Catostomus commersoni 7.771 Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar Brown trout, Salmo trutta 5.336 Flagfish, Jordanella floridae 4.841 Snail, Aplexa hypnorum .4.383 ' Brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush 3.399 Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha 0.1354*** Cladoceran, Daphnia magna Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex 8.170 8.138 7.849 8.192 7.372 5.336 4.841 2.362 8.134 4.289 2.694 0.1354 4.888 * Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Chronic Value. ** At hardness =50 mg/L. B-10 ------- *** The GMCV was set equal to the lower SMCV due to the large range in the SMCVs for this genus. At hardness = 50 mg/L: FCV = 1.4286 ug/L = CCC (calculated using n = 43) As a function of hardness: 0.7852(In hardness) -2.715 CCC = e B-ll ------- References Cusimano, R.F., D.F. Brakke, and G.A. Chapman. 1986. Effects of pH on the Toxicities of Cadmium, Copper and Zinc to Steelhead Trout (Salmo gairdneri). Can J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43:1497-1503. Elnabarawy, M.R., A.N. Wetter, and R.R. Robideau. 1986. Relative Sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic and Inorganic Chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398. Hall, W.S., R.L. Paulson, L.W. Hall, Jr., and D.T. Burton. 1986. Acute Toxicity of Cadmium and Sodium Pentachlorophenate to Daphnids and Fish. Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 37:308-316. Hughes, J.S. 1973. Acute Toxicity of Thirty Chemicals to Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis). Western Assoc. State Game Fish Coiran., Salt Lake City, UT. July. Ingersoll, C.G., and R.W. Winner. 1982. Effect of Daphnia pulex (DeGeer) to Daily Pulse Exposures to Copper or Cadmium. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1:321-327. Martin, S.R., and D.M. Holdich. 1986. The Acute Lethal Toxicity of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular Reference to Freshwater Asellids and Gammarids). Water Res. 20:1137-1147. Mirenda, R.J. 1986. Toxicity and Accumulation of Cadmium in the Crayfish, Orconectes virilis (Hagen). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 15:401-407. Niederlehner, B. 1984. A Comparison of Techniques for Estimating the Hazard of Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment. M.S. Thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Palawski, D., J.B. Hunn, and F.J. Dwyer. 1985. Sensitivity of Young Striped Bass to Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Fresh and Saline Waters. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 114:748-753. Spehar, R.L., and A.R. Carlson. 1984a. Derivation of Site- Specific Water Quality Criteria for Cadmium and the St. Louis River Basin, Duluth, Minnesota. PB84-153196. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. Spehar, R.L., and A.R. Carlson. 1984b. Derivation of Site- Specific Water Quality Criteria for Cadmium and the St. Louis River Basin, Duluth, Minnesota. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 3:651- 665. B-12 ------- U.S. EPA. 1985. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for Cadmium. EPA 440/5-84-032. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. Van Leeuwen, C.J., P.S. Griffioen, W.H.A. Vergouw, and J.L. Maas- Diepeveen. 1985. Differences in Susceptibility of Early Life Stages of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) to Environmental Pollutants. Aquatic Toxicol. 7:59-78. B-13 ------- GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Chromium(III) The new acceptable acute data for chromium(III) are given in Table Cl; no new acceptable chronic data were found. These data were used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for chromium (U.S. EPA 1984) to obtain the values given in Table C2. Because the toxicity of chromium(III) is hardness- dependent, all acute values in Table C2 have been adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L. Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest Genus Mean Acute'Values in Table C2, resulting in an FAV of 2044 ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 1022 ug/L, as total recoverable chromium(III), at a hardness of 50 mg/L. The CMC was related to hardness using the slope of 0.819 that was derived in U.S. EPA (1985): 0.819 (In hardness) +3.7256 CMC = e Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure. Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). SMACRs were available for three species (Table C2)' and the highest SMACR was obtained with the most resistant of the three. The other two SMACRs were within a factor of 2.4. The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of the two ACRs and was 41.84. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (2044 ug/L)/(41.84) = 48.85 ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or -recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. Thus the CCC was 48.85 ug/L, as total recoverable chromium(III), at a hardness of 50 mg/L. The CCC, was related to hardness using the slope of 0.819: 0.819(In hardness) +0.6848 V*- VM'N>' *~ " C-l ------- The Criterion The procedures described in the GLI tier 1 methodology indicate that, except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably if the four-day average concentration of chromium(III) does not exceed the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation 0.819 (In hardness) +0.6848 CCC = e more than once every three years on the average and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation 0.819(In hardness) + 3.7256 CMC = e more than once every three years on the average. C-2 ------- Table Cl. New Acute Values for Chromium(III) Adjusted Hardness Acute Acute (mg/L as Value Value Species Method* CaCO3) (ug/L) (ug/L)** Reference Amphipod, S,U 50 291,000 291,000 Martin and Crangonyx pseudogracilis Holdich 1986 * S = static, U = unmeasured. ** Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using a slope of 0.819. C-3 ------- Table C2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Chromium(III) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L)** Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L)** Ratio 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 291,000 71060 50000 43100 16010 15630 ' 15370 14770 • 13230 12860 11000 • 10320 10210 9669 9300 ' Amphipod, Crangonyx pseudogracilis Caddisfly, Hydropsyche betteni Caddisfly, Unidentified sp. Damself ly, Unidentified sp. Cladoceran, Daphnia magna Banded killifish, Fundulus diaphanus Pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus White perch, Morone americana Striped bass, Morone saxatilis Common carp, Cyprinus carpio American eel, Anguilla rostrata Midge , Chironomus sp. Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Snail, Amnicola sp. Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Worm, Nais sp. 291,000 71060 50000 43100 16010 15630 15720 15020 13320 16370 13230 12860 11000 10320 10210 9669 9300 — . — >356.4*** — - — 27.30 64.11 C-4 ------- Table C2. (Cont.) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L)** Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L)** Ratio 8684 Goldfish, Carassius auratus 7053 Guppy, Poecilia reticulata 3200 Amphipod, Gammarus sp. 2221 Mayfly, Ephemerella subvaria 8684 7053 3200 2221 * Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute Value. ** At hardness = 50 mg/L. *** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio. At hardness =50 mg/L: FAV = 2044 ug/L CMC = FAV/2 = 1022 ug/L As a function of hardness: 0.819(In hardness) + 3.7256 CMC = e FACR =41.84 At hardness = 50 mg/L: FCV = FAV/FACR = (2044 mg/L)/(41.84) = 48.85 ug/L = CCC As a function of hardness: 0.819 (In hardness) +0.6848 CCC = e C-5 ------- References Martin, T.R., and D.M. Holdich. 1986. The Acute Lethal Toxicity of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular Reference to Fresh-water Asellids and Gammarids). Water Res. 20:1137-1147. U.S. EPA. 1985. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for Chromium(III) - 1984. EPA 440/5-84-029. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. C-6 ------- GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Chromium(VI) The new acceptable acute data for chromium(VI) are given in Table Dl; no new acceptable chronic data were used. These new data were used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for chromium (U.S. EPA 1985) to obtain the values given in Table D2. Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table D2, resulting in a FAV of 32.04 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 16.02 ug/L, as total recoverable chromium(VI). Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure. Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). Eight SMACRs were available (Table D2), but three were high SMACRs that were obtained with resistant species and one was a "greater than" value. Of the eight, only four were appropriate for use in calculating the FACR and the four were within a factor of 6. The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of these four and was 2.917. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (32.04 ug/L)/(2.917) = 10.98 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CCC was 10.98 ug/L, as total recoverable chromium(VI). The Criterion The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate that, except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably if the four-day average concentration of chromium(VI) does not exceed 10.98 ug/L more than once every three years on the average and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed 16.02 ug/L more than once every three years on the average. D-l ------- Table Dl. New Acute Values for Chromium(VI) Species Cladoceran, Daphnia magna Cladoceran, Daphnia magna Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex Amphipod, Crangonyx pseudogracilis Amphipod, Crangonyx pseudogracilis Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Method* S,U S,U S,M S,U S,M S,U S,M s,u s,u S,M S,M R,U R,U S,M S,M S,M Chemical K- dichromate Na- dichromate K- dichromate K- dichromate K- dichromate K- dichromate K- dichromate K- dichromate Na - dichromate K- dichromate K- dichromate K- dichromate K- dichromate K- dichromate K- dichromate K- dichromate Acute Value (ug/L) 900** 112** 170** 190** 20** 20** 40** 40** 122** 180** 180** 420 810 182,000** 154,000** 201,240** Reference Berglind and Dave 1984 Elnabarawy et al. 1986 Dorn et al . 1987 Dorn, et al . 1987 Dorn, et al . 1987 Dorn, et al . 1987 Dorn, et al . 1987 Dorn, et al . 1987 Elnabarawy et al. 1986 Jop et al. 1987 Jop et al. 1987 Martin and Holdich 1986 Martin and Holdich 1986 Jop et al. 1987 Jop et al. 1987 Dorn et al. 1987 D-2 ------- Table Dl. (Cont.) Species Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus- Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Method* S,U S,M S,U S,M S,U S,M S,M S,U S,M Chemical K-dichromate K-dichromate K - di chr omat e K-dichromate K-dichromate K-dichromate K-dichromate K-dichromate K-dichromate Acute Value (ug/L) 164,730** 199,200** 158,360** 148,310** 146,530** 46,000** 34,000** 26,130** 26,410** Reference Dorn et al. 1987 Dorn et al. 1987 Dorn et al. 1987 Dorn et al. 1987 Dorn et al. 1987 Jop et al. 1987 Jop et al. 1987 Dorn et al. 1987 Dorn et al. 1987 * S = static, FT = flow-through, M = measured, U = unmeasured. ** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for this species from a "FT,M" test. D-3 ------- Table D2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Chromium(VI) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L) Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L) Ratio 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 1,870,000 176,000 . 140,000 123,500 119,500 72,600 69,000 67,610 . 61,000 59,000 57,300 51,250 49,600 Stonef ly, Neophasganophora capitata Crayfish, Orconectes rusticus Damself ly, Enallagma aspersum Green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Goldfish, Carassius auratus White crappie, Pomoxis annularis Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Emerald shiner, Notropis atherinoides Striped shiner, Notropis chrysocephalus Sand shiner, Notropis stramineus Midge, Chironomus tentans Brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Midge, Tanytarsus dissimilis Central stoneroller, Campostoma anomalum Silver jaw minnow, 1,870,000 176,000 140,000 114,700 132,900 119,500 72,600 69,000 48,400 85,600 • 74,600 61,000 59,000 57,300 51,250 49,600 260.8** 223** . . Ericymba buccata D-4 ------- Table D2. (Cont.) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L) Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L) Ratio 15 14 13 12 11 10 7 6 5 4 3 2 47,180 . 46,000 36,300 30,450 • 30,000 23,010 1C f f\ , 3bU 1>i yi r\ * , 441) 650 630 583 ' 67.1 45.1 36.35 • Bluntnose minnow, Pimephales notatus Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Johnny darter. Etheostoma nigrum Yellow perch, Perca flavescens Striped bass, Morone saxatilis Guppy, Poecilia reticulata Snail, Physa heterostropha Bryozoan, Lophopodella carteri Bryozoan, Pectinatella magnifica Bryozoan, Plumatella emarginata Amphipod, Hyalella azteca Amphipod, Crangonyx pseudogracilis Amphipod, Gammarus pseudolimnaeus Cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia reticulata Cladoceran, Simocephalus serrulatus Cladoceran, 54,225 41,050 18.55** 46,000 36,300 30,450 30,000 23,010 1c cr\ _ _ _ _ IA A n 650 ..... 630 583 67.1 45.1 1.13 40.9 2.055 32.3 5.267 Simocephalus vetulus D-5 ------- Table D2. (Cont.) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L) Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L) Ratio 28.94 Cladoceran, Daphnia magna Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex 23.07 36.3 >6.957** 5.92 * Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute Value. ** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio. FAV = 32.04 ug/L CMC = FAV/2 = 16.02 ug/L FACR = 2.917 FCV = FAV/FACR = (32.04 ug/L)/(2.917) = 10.98 ug/L = CCC D-6 ------- References Berglind, R., and G. Dave. 1984. Acute Toxicity of Chromate, DDT, PCP, TPBS, and Zinc to Daphnia magna Cultured in Hard and Soft Water. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 33:63-68. Dorn, P.B., J.H. Rodgers, Jr., K.M. Jop, J.C. Raia, and K.L. Dickson. 1987. Hexavalent Chromium as a Reference Toxicant in Effluent Toxicity Tests. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 6:435-444. Elnabarawy, M.T., A.N. Welter, and R.R.Robideau. 1986. Relative Sensitivity of Three Daphnia Species to Selected Organic and Inorganic Chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398. Jop, K.M., T.F. Parkerton, J.H. Rodgers, and K.L. Dickson. 1987. Comparative Toxicity and Speciation of Two Hexavalent Chromium Salts in Acute Toxicity Tests. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 6:697-703. Martin, J.R., and D.M. Holdich. 1986. The Acute Lethal Toxicity of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular Reference to Fresh-Water Asellids and Gammarids). Water Res. 20:1137-1147. U.S. EPA. 1985. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Chromium - 1984. EPA 440/5-84-029. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. D-7 ------- GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Copper The new acceptable acute and chronic data for copper are given in Tables El and E2. These new data were used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for copper (U.S. EPA 1985) to obtain the values given in Table E3. Because the toxicity of copper is hardness-dependent, all acute values in Table E3 have been adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L. Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) Data given in U.S. EPA (1985) for the species Gamnarus pulex were not used because this species is not resident in North America. Several SMAVs given in Table E3 were derived from U.S. EPA (1985) by giving preference to results of "FT,M" tests. The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest Genus Mean Acute Values in Table E3, resulting in an FAV of 14.57 ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 7.285 ug/L, as total recoverable copper, at a hardness of 50 mg/L. The CMC was related to hardness using the slope of 0.9422 that was derived in U.S. EPA (1985) :' 0.9422 (In hardness) -1.700 CMC = e Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure. Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). The new chronic test gave an ACR of 15.48 with the fathead minnow; the geometric mean of this value and the four ACRs for this species in U.S. EPA (1985) was 11.20. SMACRs were available for nine species (Table E3) and were higher for resistant species. To make the FACR appropriate for sensitive species, it was calculated from the two SMACRs that were determined with species whose SMAVs were' close to the FAV. Thus the FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of 3.297 and 2.418 and was 2.823. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (14.57 ug/L)/(2.823) = 5.161 ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. Thus the CCC was 5.161 ug/L, as total recoverable E-l ------- copper, at a hardness of 50 mg/L. The CCC was related to hardness using the slope of 0.8545 that was derived in U.S. EPA (1985) : 0.8545 (In hardness) -1.702 CCC = e The Criterion The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate that, except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably if the four-day average concentration of copper does not exceed the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation 0 . 8545 (In hardness ) - 1. 702 CCC = e more than once every three years on the average and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation 0.9422 (In hardness) -1.700 CMC = e more than once every three years on the average. E-2 ------- Table El. New Acute Values for Copper Species Method* Cladoceran, S,U Ceriodaphnia reticulata Cladoceran, S,U Daphnia magna Cladoceran, S,U Daphnia pulex Amphipod, S,U Crangonyx pseudogracilis Asiatic clam, FT,M Corbicula manilensis Midge, S,M Chironomus decorus Fathead minnow, FT,M Pimephales promelas Bluegill, S,M Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill, ' FT,M Lepomis macrochirus Rainbow trout, FT,M Oncorhynchus mykiss Striped bass, S,U Morone saxatilis Hardness (mg/L as CaC03) 240 240 240 50 17 44 43.9 31.2 31.2 9.2 285 Acute Value (ug/L) 23 41 31 1290 >2600 739 96 340 550 2.8 270 Adjusted Acute Value (ug/L) ** 5.2 9.4 7.1 1290 >7184 834 109 530*** 858 14 52 Reference Elnabarawy et al. 1986 Elnabarawy et al. 1986 Elnabarawy et al. 1986 Martin and Holdich 1986 Harrison et al. 1984 Kosalwat and Knight 1987 Spehar and Fiandt 1986 Bailey et al. 1985 Bailey et at. 1985 Cusimano and Brakke 1986 Palawski et al. 1985 * S = static, FT = flow-through, U = unmeasured, M = measured. ** Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using the slope of 0.9422. *** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for this species from a "FT,M" test. E-3 ------- Table E2. New Chronic Values for Copper Species Acute Chronic Value Value Method* (ug/L) (ug/L) Acute- Chronic Ratio Reference Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas ELS 96 6.2 15 .48 Spehar and Fiandt 1986 ELS = early life, stage. E-4 ------- Table E3. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Copper Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L)** Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L)** Ratio 43 10240 Stonefly, Acroneuria lycorias 42 > 7184 Asiatic clam, Corbicula manilensis 41 6200 -Caddisfly, Unidentified sp. 40 4600 Damselfly, Unidentified sp. 39 4305 American eel, Anguilla rostrata 38 ' 1990 Crayfish, _ Procambarus clarkii 37 1877 Snail, Campeloma decisum 36 1397 Crayfish, Orconectes rusticus 35 1290 Amphipod, Crangonyx pseudogracilis 34 1057 •Pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus 33 900 Snail, Amnicola sp. 32 790.6 Banded killifish, Fundulus diaphanus 31 684.3 Mozambique tilapia Tilapia mossambica 30 331.8 Striped shiner, Notropis chrysocephalus 29 289 Goldfish, Carassius auratus 28 242.7 .Worm, Lumbriculus variegatus 7184 4600 1877 1397 1290 .9 1742 790.1 684.: 331.8 289 242.7 156.2*** 37.96*** E-5 ------- Table E3. (Cont.) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L)** Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L)** Ratio 27 26 196.1 170.2" Mosquitof ish. Gambusia affinis Midge , T oc 1 197 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 Chironomus tentans • Midge, Chironomus decorus Midge, Chironomus sp. 166.2 Snail, Goniobasis livescens 156.8 Common carp, _ Cyprinus carpio 141.2 Rainbow darter Etheostoma caeruleum Orangethroat darter, Etheostoma spectabile 135 Bryozoan, Pectinatella magnifica 133 •Chiselmouth, Acrocheilus alutaceus 110.4 Brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis 109.9 Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar 97.9 Bluntnose minnow, Pimephales notatus Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas 90 Worm, Nais sp. 86.67 Blacknose dace, Rhinichthys atratulus 834 30 166.2 156.8 86.67 230.2 135 133 110.4 109.9 72.16 132.9 90 86.67 7.776*** 26.36*** 11.20*** E-6 ------- Table E3. (Cont.) . Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L)** Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L)** Ratio 15 14 13 12 11 10 83.97 Creek chub, Semotilus atromaculatus 83 Guppy, Poecilia reticulata 78.55 Central stoneroller, Campostoma anomalum 73.S3 Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch .Sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka Cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss 69.81 Brown bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus 56.21 Snail, Gyraulus circumstriatus 53.08 Worm, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 52_White perch, Morone americanus Striped bass, Morone saxatilis 39.33 Snail, Physa heterostropha Snail, Physa Integra 37.05 Bryozoan, Lophopodella carteri 37.05 Bryozoan, Plumatella emarginata 22.09 Amphipod, Gammarus pseudolimnaeus 83.97 83 78.55 87.1 233.8 66.26 42.26 > 4.473*** 38.89 69.81 56.21 53.08 5860 52 35.91 43.07 3.585*** 37.05 37.05 22.09 3.297 E-7 ------- Table E3. (Cent.) Genus Mean' Acute Value Rank* (ug/L)** Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L)** Ratio 16.74 Northern squawfish, Ptychocheilus oregonensis 14.48 Cladoceran, .Daphnia magna Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex Cladoceran, Daphnia pulicaria 9.92 Cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia reticulata 16.74 19.88 16.5 9.263 9.92 2.418 * Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute Value. ** At hardness =50 mg/L. *** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio. This GMAV was not set equal to the lowest SMAV because the species was not identified. This GMAV was set equal to the lower SMAV due to the large range in the SMAVs in this genus. This SMAV was based on the results reported by Palawaki et al. (1985) because they were considered better data than those given in U.S. EPA (1985), although the data reported by Hughes (1973) supported the newer data. At hardness = 50 mg/L: FAV = 14.57 ug/L CMC = FAV/2 = 7.285 ug/L As a function of hardness: 0.9422(In hardness) -1.700 CMC = e FACR = 2.823 At hardness = 50 mg/L: FCV = FAV/FACR = (14.57 ug/L)/(2.823) = 5.161 ug/L As a function of hardness: 0.8545(In hardness) - 1.702 CCC = e = CCC E-8 ------- References Bailey, H.C., D.H.W. Liu, and H.A Javitz. 1985. Time/Toxicity Relationships in- Short-Term Static, Dynamic, and Plug-Flow Bioassays. In: Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment: Eighth Symposium. ASTM STP 981. Cusimano, R.F., and D.F. Brakke. 1986. Effects of pH on the Toxicities of Cadmium, Copper, and Zinc to Steelhead Trout (Salmo gairdneri). Can. J. Fish. Aguat. Sci. 43:1497-1503. Elnabarawy, M.T., A.N. Welter, and R.R.Robideau. 1986. Relative Sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic and Inorganic Chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398. Harrison, F.L., J.P. Knezovich, and D.W. Rice Jr. 1984. The Toxicity of Copper to Adult and Early Life Stages of the Freshwater Clam, Corbicula manilensis. Arch. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 13:85-92. Hughes, J.S. 1973. Acute Toxicity of Thirty Chemicals to Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis). Western Assoc. State Game Fish Comm., Salt Lake City, UT. July. Kosalwat, P., and A.W. Knight. 1987. Acute Toxicity of Aqueous and Substrate-Bound Copper to the Midge, Chironomus decorus. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16:275-282. Martin T.R., and D.M. Holdich. 1986. The Acute Lethal Toxicity of Heavy Metals to Peracarids Crustaceans (with Particular Reference to Fresh-Water Asellids and Gammarids). Water Res. 20:1137-1147. Palawski, D., J.B. Hunn, and F.J. Dwyer. 1985. Sensitivity of Young Striped Bass to Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Fresh and Saline Waters. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 114:748-753. Spehar, R.L., and J.T. Fiandt. 1986. Acute and Chronic Effects of Water Quality. Criteria-Based Metal Mixtures on Three Aquatic Species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:917-931. U.S. EPA. 1985. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for Copper. EPA 440/5-84-031. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. E-9 ------- GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Cyanide No new acceptable acute or chronic data were found for cyanide. Therefore, the data in the existing criteria document for cyanide (U.S. EPA 1985) were used as the basis for the derivation of this criterion. The new taxonomy for salmonids was used (Table Fl), but this did not' cause a change in the criterion for cyanide. Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table Fl, resulting in a FAV of 45.77 ug/L. Because the SMAV of the commercially and recreationally important rainbow trout was 44.73 ug/L, the FAV was lowered to 44.73 ug/L. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 22.36 ug free cyanide (as CN)/L. Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure. Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). Five SMACRs are available (Table Fl), but one was a high SMACR that was obtained with a resistant species; the other four were within a factor of 1.5. The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of these four and was 8.568. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (44.73 ug/L)/(8.568) = 5.221 ug/L. This value does not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CCC was 5.221 ug free cyanide (as CN)/L. The Criterion The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate that, except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably if the four-day average concentration of free cyanide (as CN) does not exceed 5.221 ug/L more than once every three years on the average and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed 22.36 ug/L more than once every three years on the average. F-l ------- Table Fl. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Cyanide Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L) Species Species Mean Acute Value (ug/L) Species Mean Acute-Chronic Ratio 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 2490 Midge, Tany tarsus dissimilis 2326 Isopod, Asellus communis 432 Snail, Physa heterostropha 426 Stonefly, Pteronarcys dorsata 318 Goldfish, Carassius Auratus 167 Amphipod, Gammarus pseudolimnaeus 147 Guppy, Poecilia reticulata 125.1 Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas 123.6 Cladoceran, Daphnia magna Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex 102 Largeinouth bass, Micropterus salmoides 102 Black crappie, Pomoxis nigromaculatus 99.28 Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus 92.64 Yellow perch, Perca flavescens 90.00 Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar 85.80 Brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis 44.73 Rainbow trout 2490 2326 432 426 318 167 147 125.1 160 95.55 T no J.U.6 102 99.28 92.64 90.00 85.80 44.73 68.29** 9.111 7.633 ----- 7.316 10.59 Oncorhynchus mykiss F-2 ------- * Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute Value. ** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio. Calculated FAV = 45.77 ug/L Lowered to protect rainbow trout: FAV = 44.73 ug/L CMC = FAV/2 = 22.36 ug/L FACR = 8.568 FCV = FAV/FACR = (44.73 ug/L)/(8.568) = 5.221 ug/L = CCC F-3 ------- References U.S. EPA. 1985. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Cyanide - 1984. EPA 440/5-84-028. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.1 F-4 ------- GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Dieldrin The new acceptable acute data for dieldrin are given in Table Gl; no new acceptable chronic data were found. These new data were used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for dieldrin (U.S. EPA 1980) to obtain the values given in Table G2. Although results from the following publications were used in U.S. EPA (1980), they were not considered acceptable for use here: Santharam et al. (1976), Gaufin (1965), and Jensen and Gaufin (1964). Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table G2, resulting in a FAV of 0.4749 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 0.2374 ug/L. Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure. Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). Two SMACRs were given in Table G2; a third SMACR of 6.2 was given in U.S. EPA (1980) for the saltwater mysid. These three were within a factor of 1.8. The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of the three SMA'CRs and was 8.530. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (0.4749 ug/L)/(8.530) = 0.0557 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CCC was 0.0557 ug/L. The Criterion The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate that, except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably if the four-day average concentration of dieldrin does not exceed 0.0557 ug/L more than once every three years on the average and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed 0.2374 ug/L more than once every three years on the average. G-l ------- Table Gl. New Acute Values for Dieldrin Species Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex Stonefly, Claassenia sabulosa Stonefly, Pteronarcys californica Stonefly, Pteronarcella badia Damself ly, Ischnura verticalis Annelid, Lumbriculus variegatus Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss_ Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Goldfish, Carassius auratus Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus Cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki Method* S,M S,U S,U s,u s,u s,u FT,M S,U FT,M S,U s,u s,u s,u s,u s,u s,u Test Duration (hrs) 48 48 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 Acute Value (ug/L) 251 190 0.6 0.5 0.5 12 21.8 1.2** 0.62 3** 1.8 3.8 3.1 7 6.7 6 Reference Daniels and Allan 1981 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 U.S. EPA 1991 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Shubat and Curtis 1986 Van Leeuwen et al . 1985 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Sanders 1972 Cairns and Scheier 1964 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 G-2 ------- Table Gl. (Cont.) Test Acute Duration Value Species Method* (hrs) (ug/L) Reference Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus S,U 96 4.5 Largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides S,U 96 3.5 Mayer and Ellersieck Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 1986 * S = static, FT = flow-through, u = unmeasured, M = measured. ** Not used in the calculation of the SMA.V because data were available for this species from a "FT,M" test. G-3 ------- Table G2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Dieldrin Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L) Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L) Ratio 18 740 Crayfish, Orconectes nais 17 534 Amphipod, Gammarus lacustris Amphipod, Gammarus fasciatus 16 228 Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex 15 214 Cladoceran, Simocephalus serrulatus 14 21.8 Annelid, Lumbriculus variegatus 13 20 Glass shrimp Palaemonetes kadiakensis 12 17.7 Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas 11 12 Damselfly, Ischnura verticalis 10 8.6 Goldfish, Carassius auratus 9 8.5 Pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus 8 5 Isopod, Asellus brevicaudus 7 4.5 Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus 6 4.5 Guppy, Poecilia reticulata 740 460 620 228 214 21.8 20 17.7 12 8.6 6.7 11.5 8.1 4.5 4.5 9.1 G-4 ------- Table G2. (Cont.) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L) Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L) Ratio 3.5 Largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides 0.62** Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch Cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss 0.6 Stonefly, Claassenia sabulosa 0.5 Stonefly, Pteronarcys californica 0.5 Stonefly, Pteronarcella badia 3.5 6.1 10.8 0.62 0.6 0.5 0.5 11 * Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute Value. ** The GMAV was set. equal to the lowest SMAV due to the large range in the SMAVs in this genus. FAV = 0.4749 ug/L CMC = FAV/2 = 0.2374 ug/L FACR = 8.530 FCV = FAV/FACR = (0.4749 ug/L)/(8.530) = 0.0557 ug/L = CCC G-5 ------- References Cairns, J., Jr., and A. Scheier. 1964. The Effect on the Sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus, of Chronic Exposure to Lethal and Sublethal Concentrations of Dieldrin. Notulae Naturae 310:10 Daniels, R.E., and J.D. Allan. 1981. Life Table Evaluation of Chronic Exposure to a Pesticide. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 38:485-494. Mayer, F.L., and M.R. Ellersieck. 1986. Manual of Acute Toxicity: Interpretation and Data Base for 410 Chemicals and 66 Species of Fresh-water Animals. USDI Publication 160. Sanders, H.O. 1972. Toxicity of Some Insecticides to Four Species of Mala'costracan Crustaceans. U.S. Bureau Sports Fishery and Wildlife Tech. Paper 66. Shubat, P.J., and L.R. Curtis. 1986. Ration and Toxicant Preexposure Influence on Dieldrin Accumulation by Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:69-77. U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Aldrin/Dieldrin. EPA-440/5-80-019. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. U.S. EPA. 1991. Acute 96-hr Flow-Through Freshwater Exposures with Endrin and Dieldrin using an Annelid (Lumbriculus variegatus). Unpublished results. Van Leeuwen, C.J., P.S. Griffioen, W.H.A. Vergouw, and J.L. Maas- Diepeveen. 1985. Differences in Susceptibility of Early Life Stages of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) to Environmental Pollutants. Aquatic Toxicol. 7:59-78. G-6 ------- GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Endrin The new acceptable acute data for endrin are given in Table HI; no new acceptable chronic data were found. These new data were used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for endrin (U.S. EPA 1980) to obtain the values given in Table H2. Results in the following publications were used in U.S. EPA (1980) but were not considered acceptable for use here: Katz and Chadwick (1961), Naqui and Ferguson (1968), Nebeker and Gaufin (1964), Gaufin et al. (1965), Jensen and Gaufin (1966), Post and Schroeder (1971), Mount (1962), and Solon (1969). Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table H2, resulting in a FAV of 0.1728 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 0.0864 ug/L. Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure. Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). Four ACRs were given in U.S. EPA (1980) but the ACR for the fathead minnow was considered unacceptable for use here. ACRs of 1.9 and 18 were determined with saltwater species, whereas an ACR of 3.3 was obtained with a freshwater species (Table H2); the three were within a factor of 9.5. The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of the other three and was 4.833. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (0.1728 ug/L)/(4.833) = 0.03575 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CCC was 0.03575 ug/L. The Criterion The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate that, except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably if the four-day average concentration of endrin does not exceed 0.03575 ug/L more than once every three years on the average and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed 0.0864 ug/L more than once every three years on the average. H-l ------- Table HI. New Acute Values for Endrin Species Method* Test Acute Duration Value (hrs) (ug/L) Reference Cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia reticulata Cladoceran, Daphnia magna Cladoceran, Daphnia magna Cladoceran, Daphnia magna Cladoceran, Daphnia magna Cladoceran, Daphnia magna Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex Annelid, Lumbriculus variegatus Snipe fly, Atherix variegatus Midge, Tanytarsus dissimilis Stone fly, Acroneuria pacif ica Crayfish, Orconectes immunis Damselfly, Ischnura verticalis Damselfly, Ischnura verticalis Yellow perch, Perca flavescens Largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides Black bullhead, Ictalurus melas S,U S,U S,U S,U S,U S,M S,U s,u FT,M S,U S,M S,U FT,M S,U S,U FT,U S,U S,U 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 96 96 48 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 24 4.2 59 41 74 160 20 30 42.6 4.6 0.84 > 0.18** 89 2.4 2.1 0.15 0.31 1.1 Elnabarawy et al . 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1985 Elnabarawy et al . 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1985 Mayer and Ellersieck 1985 Thurston et al . 1985 Mayer and Ellersieck 1985 Elnabarawy et al . 1986 U.S. EPA 1991 Mayer and Ellersieck 1985 Thurston et al . 1985 Mayer and Ellersieck 1985 Thurston et al . 1985 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 H-2 ------- Table HI. (Cont.) Species Method* Test Acute Duration Value (hrs) (ug/L) Reference Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Goldfish, Carassius auratus Goldfish, Carassius auratus Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Mosquitof ish, Gambusia affinis Mosquitof ish, Gambusia affinis Carp, Cyprinus carpio Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Bullfrog tadpole, Rana catesbeiana S,U S,U FT,M S,U FT,M FT,U FT,M S,U FT,M S,U FT,M FT,U FT,M FT,M 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 0.32*** Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 1.1*** Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 0.42 Thurston et al . 1985 0.75*** Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 0.3 Thurston et al . 1985 0.44*** Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 0.95 Thurston et al . 1985 1.8*** Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 0.65 Thurston et al . 1985 1.1*** Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 0.69 Thurston et al . 1985 0.32 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 0.21 Thurston et al . 1985 2.5 Thurston et al . 1985 * FT = flow-through, S = static, U = unmeasured, M = measured. ** Not used in the calculation of the FAV because it is not appropriate to have one of the four lowest GMAVs be a "greater than" value. *** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for this species from a "FT,M" test. H-3 ------- Table H2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Endrin Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L) Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L) Ratio 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 64 53 43 38 34 24 4.6 3.0 2.5 2.1 Mayfly, Hexagenia bilineata Crayfish, .Orconectes nais Crayfish, Orconectes immunis Annelid, Lumbriculus variegatus Cladoceran, Daphnia magna ' Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex Cladoceran, Simocephalus serrulatus Cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia reticulata Snipe fly, . Atherix variegatus Amphipod, Gammarus fasciatus Amphipod, Gammarus lacustris Bullfrog tadpole Rana catesbeiana •Damselfly, Ischnura verticalis 64 32 89 43 59 24 34 24 4.6 3.1 3.0 2.5 2.1 17 1.6 Guppy, Poecilia reticulata 1.6 16 15 14 1.5 Isopod, Asellus brevicaudus 1.3 Glass shrimp, Palaemonetes kadiakensis 0.95 Goldfish, Carassius auratus 1.5 1.3 0.95 H-4 ------- Table H2. (Cont.) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L) Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L) Ratio 13 12 11 10 8 7 g 5 4 3 2 1 0.85 Flagf ish, Jordanella floridae 0.84 Midge, Tanytarsus dissimilis 0.76 Stonefly, Claassenia sabulosa 0.69 Mosquitof ish, Gambusia affinis Ictalurus melas Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus 0.57 Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss 0.54 Stonefly, Pteronarcella badia Pimephales promelas Cyprinus carpio ' Micropterus salmoides 0 25 Stonefly Pteronarcys californica 0 21 Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus Perca flavescens 0.85 3.3 0.84 0.76 0.69 IT 0.42 0.51 1 o 0.3 0.54 OA Q OQ O 0-3 1 OO C _ _ - n 01 01 C * Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute Value. H-5 ------- FAV = 0.1728 ug/L CMC = FAV/2 = 0.0864 ug/L FACR = 4.833 FCV = FAV/FACR = (0.1728 ug/L)/(4.833) = 0.03575 ug/L = CCC H-6 ------- References Elnabarawy, M.T., A.N. Welter, and R.R.Robideau. 1986. Relative Sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic and Inorganic Chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398. Mayer, F., and M.R. Ellersieck. 1986. Manual of Acute Toxicity: Interpretation and Data Base for 410 Chemicals and 66 Species of Freshwater Animals. USDI Publication 160. Thurston, E.V., T.A Gilfoil, E.L Meyn, R.K. Zajdel, T.I. Aoki and G.D. Veith. 1985. Comparative Toxicity of Ten Organic Chemicals to Ten Common Aquatic Species. Water Res. 19:1145-1155. U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient iWater Quality Criteria for Endrin. EPA 440/5-80-047. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. U.S. EPA. 1991. Acute 96-hr Flow-Through Freshwater Exposures with Endrin and Dieldrin Using an Annelid (Lumbriculus variegatus). Unpublished data. H-7 ------- GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Lindane The new acceptable acute data for lindane are given in Table II; no new acceptable chronic data were found. These new data were used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for lindane (U.S. EPA 1980) to obtain the values given in Table 12. Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest Genus Mean Acute. Values given in Table 12, resulting in a FAV of 1.903 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 0.9515 ug/L. Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) Three ACRs were given in U.S. EPA (1980) but the ACR for the fathead minnow was considered unacceptable for use here. No new ACRs were available and so a FCV could not be calculated using either the eight-family procedure or the FACR procedure. Therefore, a CCC could not be determined. The Criterion The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate that, except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably by acute toxicity if the one-hour average concentration of lindane does not exceed 0.9515 ug/L more than once every three years on the average. 1-1 ------- Table II. New Acute Values for Lindane Species Cladoceran, Daphnia magna Cladoceran, Daphnia magna Amphipod, Gammarus lacustris Snail, Lymnaea stagnalis Stonefly, Pteronarcys californicus Stonefly, Pteronarcys californicus Damself ly, Lestes congener Backswimmer, Notonecta undulata Crawling water beetle, Peltodytes sp. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch Lake trout , Salvelinus namaycush Lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush Brown trout, Salmo trutta Brown trout, Salmo trutta Brown trout, Salmo trutta Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss • Method* S,U S,M S,U S,U S,U S,U s,u s,u s,u s,u s,u s,u s,u s,u FT,U FT,M S,U S,U Test Duration (hrs) 48 48 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 1-2 Acute Value (ug/L) 516 1000 88 3.3 4.5 1 20 3 20 23 32 24 24 25 22 22 18** 24** Reference Randall et al. 1979 Hermens et al. 1984 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Bluzat and Senge 1979 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Federle and Collins 1976 Federle and Collins 1976 Federle and Collins 1976 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Tooby and Durbin 1975 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 ------- Table II. (Cont) Species Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus Green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus Yellow perch, Perca flavescens Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Goldfish, Carassius auratus Goldfish, Carassius auratus Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Fowlers toad, Bufo woodhousei fowleri Western chorus frog, Pseudacris triseriata Method* S,U S,U FT,M S,U S,U S,U S,U FT,U FT,U s,u s,u s,u s,u s,u s,u s,u Test Duration (hrs) 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 Acute Value (ug/L) 31** 41** 30 57 56 70 83 23 77 67 86 90 105 49 3200 2650 Reference Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Tooby and Durbin 1975 Randall et al. 1979 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck, 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Macek and McAllister 1970 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986 * S = static, FT = flow-through, U = unmeasured, M = measured. ** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for this species from a "FT,M" test. 1-3 ------- Table 12. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Lindane Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L) Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L) Ratio 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 3200 2650 676 538 207 138 117 90 72 71 55 40 35 Fowlers toad, Bufo woodhousi fowleri Western chorus frog, Pseudacris triseriata Cladoceran, Simocephalus serrulatus Cladoceran, Daphnia magna Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex Midge, Chironomus tentans Guppy, Poecilia reticulata Goldfish, Carassius auratus Carp, Cyprinus carpio Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Redear sunfish, Lepomis microlophus Green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Black bullhead, Ictalurus melas Yellow perch, Perca flavescens Brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Lake trout , 3200 2650 676 630 33 460 ----- 207 63 138 117 90 72 56 83 76 46 64 40 44 28 Salvelinus namaycush 1-4 ------- Table 12. (Cont.) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L) Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L) Ratio 10 33 Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tsawytscha 32 Largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides 26.11 Amphipod, Gammarus fasciatus Amphipod, Gammarus lacustris 20 • Damselfly, Lestes congener 20 Crawling water beetle, Peltodytes sp. 13 Brown trout, Salmo trutta 10 Isopod, Asellus brevicaudus 3.3 Snail, Lymnaea stagnalis 3 Backswimmer, Notonecta undulata 2.1 Stonefly, Pteronarcys californicus 26 36 40 32 10.49 65 20 20 13 10 3.3 2.1 * Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute Value. FAV = 1.903 ug/L CMC = FAV/2 = 0.9515 ug/L 1-5 ------- References Bluzat, R., and J. Senge. 1979. Effets de Trois insecticides (lindane, Fenthion and carbaryl): Toxicite1 aigue sur gnatre espece d1invertebres limneques: Toxicite1 chronique chez le mollusque pulmone1 Lymnea. Environ. Pollut. 18:51-70. Federle, P.F, and W.J. Collins. 1976. Insecticide Toxicity to Three Insects from Ohio Ponds. Ohio J. Sci. 76:19-24. Hermens, J., H. Canton, M. Stezger, and R. Wagman. 1984. Joint Effects of a Mixture of 14 Chemicals on Mortality and Inhibition of Reproduction of Daphnia magna. Aquatic Toxicol. 5:315-322. Macek, K.J., and W.A. McAllister. 1970. Insecticide Susceptibility of Some Common Fish Family Representatives. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 99:20-27. Mayer, F.L., and M.R. Ellersieck. 1986. Manual of Acute Toxicity: Interpretation and Database for 410 Chemicals and 66 Species of Freshwater Animals. U.S. Dept. Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Resource Pub. 160. Randall, W.F., W.H. Dennis, and M.C. Warner. 1979. Acute Toxicity of Dechlorinated DDT, Chlordane and Lindane to Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and Daphnia magna. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 31:459-466. Tooby, T.E., and F.J. Durbin. 1975. Lindane Residue Accumulation and Elimination in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) and Roach (Rutilus rutilus Linneaus). Environ. Pollut. 8:79-89." U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Hexachlorocyclohexane. EPA 440/5-80-054. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. 1-6 ------- GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Mercury(II) The new acceptable acute data for mercury(II) are given in Table Jl; no new chronic data were used. These new data were used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for mercury(II) (U.S. EPA 1985) to obtain the values given in Table J2. Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table J2, resulting in a FAV of 3.388 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 1.694 ug/L as total recoverable mercury(II). Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure. Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). ACRs were given for two freshwater species and one saltwater species in U.S. EPA (1985). The ACR obtained with the more resistant fathead minnow was much higher than the other two. The ACR obtained with the saltwater mysid was 3.095 and was similar to the Species Mean Acute-Chronic Ratio of 4.498 for Daphnia magna. The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of the two SMACRs and was 3.731. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (3.388 ug/L)/(3.731) = 0.9081 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CCC was 0.9081 ug/L as total recoverable mercury(II). The Criterion The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate that, except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably if the four-day average concentration of mercury(II) does not exceed 0.9081 ug/L more than once every three years on the average and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed 1.694 ug/L more than once every three years on the average. J-l ------- Table Ji. New Acute Values for Mercury(II) Species Method* Cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia reticulata S,U Cladoceran, Daphnia magna, S,U Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex S,U Amphipod, Crangonyx pseudogracilis S,U Midge , Chironomus riparius S,M Mosquitof ish, Gambusia af finis S,U Walking catfish, Clarias batrachus S,U Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas. FT,M Guppy, Poecilia reticulata R,U Acute Value (ug/L) 2.9 9.6 3.8 1.0** 750 230 375 172 26 Reference Elnabarawy et al. 1986 Elnabarawy et al. 1986 Elnabarawy et al. 1986 Martin and Holdich 1986 Rossaro et al. 1986 Paulose 1988 Kirubagaran and Joy 1988 Spehar and Fiandt 1986 Khangarot and Ray 1987 * S = static, R = renewal, FT = flow-through, U = unmeasured, M = measured. ** Not used in the derivation of the criterion because the corresponding 48- hr LC50 is 470 ug/L, which is an unusually large decrease in the LC50 from 48 to 96 hours. J-2 ------- Table J2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Mercury(II) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L) Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L) Ratio 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 2000 Stonefly, Acroneuria lycorias 2000 Mayfly, Ephemerella subvaria 2000 Caddisfly, Hydropsyche betteni 1200 Caddisfly, (Unidentified) 1200 ' Damselfly, (Unidentified) 1000 Worm, Nais sp. 1000 Mozambique tilapia Tilapia mossambica 406.2 Tubificid worm, Spirosperma ferox Tubificid worm, Spirosperma nikolskyi 375 Walking catfish, Clarias batrachus 370 Snail, Aplexa hypnorum 257 • Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss 250 Tubificid worm, Quistadrilus multisetosus 240 Tubificid worm, Rhyacodrilus montana 203 Mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis 180 Tubificid worm, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 2000 2000 2000 1200 1200 1000 1000 330 500 375 370 240 275 250 240 203 180 J-3 ------- Table J2. (Cont.) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L) Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L) Ratio 14 13 12 11 10 163 Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas 160 Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus 140 Tubificid worm, Tubifex tubifex 140 Tubificid worm, Stylodrilus heringianus 122*** Midge, Chironomus sp. Midge, Chironomus riparius 100 . Tubificid worm, Varichaeta pacifica 80 Tubificid worm, Branchiura sowerbyi 80 Snail, Amnicola sp. 50 Crayfish, Orconectes limosus 28 Guppy, Poecilia reticulata 20 Crayfish, Faxonella clypeatus 10 Amphipod, Gammarus sp. 3.3 _ Cladoceran, Daphnia magna Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex 2.9 Cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia reticulata 163 160 140 140 20 750 100 80 80 50 28 20 10 3.7 2.9 2.9 > 649.2** 4.498 * Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute Value. ** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio. J-4 ------- *** This GMAV was not set equal to the lowest SMAV because the species was not identified. FAV = 3.388 ug/L CMC = FAV/2 = 1.694 ug/L FACR = 3.731 FCV ='FAV/FACR = (3.388 ug/L)/(3.731) = 0.9081 ug/L = CCC J-5 ------- References Elnabarawy, M.T., A.N. Welter, and R.R. Robideau. 1986. Relative Sensitivity of Three Daphnia Species to Selected Organic and Inorganic Chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398. Khangarot, B.S., and P.K. Ray. 1987. Studies on the Acute Toxicity of Copper and Mercury Alone and in Combination to the Common Guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Peters). Arch. Hydrobiol. 110:303-314. Kirubagaran, R., and K.P. Joy. 1988. Toxic Effects of Three Mercurial Compounds on Survival and Histology of the Kidney of the Catfish Clarias batrachus (L.). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 15:171-179. Martin, T.R., and D.M. Holdich. 1986. The Acute Lethality of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular Reference to Fresh-Water Asellids and Gammarids). Water Res. 20:1137-1147. Paulose, P.V. 1988. Comparative Study of Inorganic and Organic Mercury Poisoning on Selected Freshwater Organisms. J. Environ. Biol. 9:203-206. Rossaro, B., G.F. Gaggino, and R. Marchetti. 1986. Accumulation of Mercury in Larvae and Adults, Chironomus riparius (Meigen). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 37:402-406. Spehar, R.L., and J.T. Fiandt. 1986. Acute and Chronic Effects of Water Quality Criteria-Based Metal Mixtures on Three Aquatic Species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:917-931. U.S. EPA. 1985. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Mercury - 1984. EPA 440/5-84-026. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.. J-6 ------- GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Nickel The new acceptable acute data for nickel are given in Table Kl; no new acceptable chronic data were found. These data were used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for nickel (U.S. EPA 1986) to obtain the values given in Table K2. Some of the SMAVs in Table K2 differ from those given in Table 3 in U.S. EPA (1986) because preference was given to "FT,M" tests in Table K2. Because the toxicity of nickel is hardness - dependent, all acute values in Table K2 have been adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L. Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest Genus Mean Acute Values in Table K2, resulting in an FAV of 522 ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 261 ug/L, as total recoverable nickel, at a hardness of 50 mg/L. The CMC was related to hardness using the slope of 0.846 that was derived in U.S. EPA (1986): 0.846(In hardness) +2.255 CMC = e Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure. Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). SMACRs were available for two freshwater species and one saltwater species (U.S. EPA 1986). The saltwater ACR was 5.478 and the three are within a factor of 6.5. The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of the three ACRs and was 17.99. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (522 ug/L)/(17.99) = 29.02 ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. Thus the CCC was 29.02 ug/L, as total recoverable nickel, at a hardness of 50 mg/L. The CCC was related to hardness using the slope of 0.846: 0.846(In hardness) +0.0584 •— 6 K-l ------- The Criterion The procedures described in the GLI tier 1 methodology indicate that, except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably if the four-day average concentration of nickel does not exceed the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation 0.846 (In hardness) +0.0584 CCC = e more than once every three years on the average and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation 0.846(In hardness) +2.255 CMC = e more than once every three years on the average. K-2 ------- Table Kl. New Acute Values for Nickel Adjusted Species Method* Snail, FT,U Physa gyrina Amphipod, S , U Crangonyx pseudogracilis Midge, (1st instar) S,U Chironomus riparis Midge, {1st instar) S,U Chironomus riparis Midge, (1st instar) S,U Chironomus riparis Midge, (2nd instar) S,U Chironomus riparis*** Midge, (2nd instar) S,U Chironomus riparis*** Midge, (2nd instar) S,U Chironomus riparis*** Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) 26 50 55 55 55 55 55 55 Acute Value (ug/L) 239 66,100 72,400 81,300 84,900 184,000 150,000 174,000 Acute Value (ug/L) ** 416 66,100 66,791 75,002 78,323 169,746 138,380 160,521 Reference Nebeker et al. 1986 Martin and Holdich 1986 Fowl es land and George 1986 Powlesland and George 1986 Powlesland and George 1986 Powlesland and George 1986 Powlesland and George 1986 Powlesland and George 1986 * S = static, FT = flow-through, U = unmeasured. ** Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using a slope of 0.846. *** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for a more sensitive life stage. K-3 ------- Table K2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Nickel Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L)** Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L)** Ratio 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 73208 66100 43250 40460 30200 21320 21200 14100 13380 13000 12770 12756 12180 9839 9661 8697 Midge , Chironomus riparis Amphipod, Crangonyx pseudogracilis Banded killifish, Fundulus diaphanus Stonef ly, Acroneuria lycorias Caddisfly Unidentified sp. Goldfish, Carassius auratus Damself ly, Unidentified sp. Worm, Nais sp. Rainbow trout. Oncorhynchus mykiss Amphipod, Gammarus sp . Snail, Amnicola sp . Pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus American eel, Anguilla rostrata Common carp , Cyprinus carpio Guppy, Poecilia reticulata White perch, Morone americana Striped bass. 73208 66100 43250 40460 30200 21320 21200 14100 13380 13000 12770 7544 21570 12180 9839 9661 12790 5914 „ Morone saxatilis K-4 ------- Table K2. (Cent.) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L)** Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L)** Ratio 6707 Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas 4636 Mayfly, Ephemerella subvaria 4312 Rock bass, Ambloplites rupestris 1500 Cladoceran, Daphnia pulicaria Cladoceran, Daphnia magna 416 ' Snail, Physa gyrina 6707 4636 4312 2042 1102 416 35.58 29.86 * Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute Value. ** At hardness = 50 mg/L. At hardness =50 mg/L: FAV =522 ug/L CMC = FAV/2 = 261 ug/L As a function of hardness: CMC = e 0.846 (In hardness) +2.255 FACR = 17.99 At hardness =50 mg/L: FCV = FAV/FACR = (522 ug/L)/(17.99) = 29.02 ug/L = CCC As a function of hardness: 0 .846(In hardness) +0.0584 CCC = e K-5 ------- References Martin, T.R., and D.M. Holdich. 1986. The Acute Lethal Toxicity of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular Reference to Freshwater Asellids and Gammarids). Water Res. 20:1137-1147. Nebeker, A.V., A. Stinchfield, C, Savonen, and G.A. Chapman. 1986. Effects of Copper, Nickel, and Zinc on Three Species of Oregon Freshwater Snails. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:807-811 Powlesland, C., and J. George. 1986. Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Nickel to Larvae of Chironomus riparis (Meigan). Environ. Poll., (Series A). 42:47-64. U.S. EPA. 1987. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for Nickel. EPA 440/5-86-004. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. K-6 ------- GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Parathion No new acceptable acute or chronic data for parathion were found. Therefore, the data given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for parathion (U.S. EPA 1985) were used to obtain the values given in Table LI. Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) Some of the Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table 3 of U.S. EPA (1985) were changed because of the new taxonomy for salmonids and because only one value was calculated for the genus Chironomus; these changes did not affect the FAV. The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table LI, resulting in a FAV of 0.1299 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 0.06495 ug/L. Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure. Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). Three Species Mean ACRs were available (Table LI). The ACRs obtained with the resistant fishes were much higher than that obtained with the sensitive cladoceran. To make the FACR appropriate for sensitive species, it was set equal to the ACR of 10.10 obtained with the cladoceran. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (0.1299 ug/L)/(10.10) = 0.01286 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CCC was 0.01286 ug/L. The Criterion The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate that, except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably if the four-day average concentration of parathion does not exceed 0.01286 ug/L more than once every three years on the average and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed 0.06495 ug/L more than once every three years on the average. L-l ------- Table LI. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Parathion Rank* 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 Genus Mean Acute Value (ug/L) 5,230 5,230 2,650 2,223 1,838 1,510 1,486 1,130 1,000 839.6 ' 688.7 620 320 <250 56 Species Tubificid worm, Tubifex sp. Tubificid worm, Limnodrilus sp . Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Goldfish, Carassius auratus Brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush Brown trout, Salmo trutta Cutthroat trout , Oncorhynchus clarki Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus gairdneri Isopod, Asellus brevicaudus Western chorus frog, Pseudacris triseriata Fathead minnow. Pimephales promelas Green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides Mosquitof ish, Gambusia affinis Crayfish, Procambarus sp . Guppy, Species Mean Acute Value (ug/L) 5,230 5,230 2,650 2,223 1,760 1,920 1,510 1,560 1,415 1,130 1,000 839.6 930 510 620 320 <250 56 Species Mean Acut e - Chron i c Ratio 79.45** 2121** Poecilia reticulata L-2 ------- Table LI. (Cont.) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L) Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L) Ratio 16 15 14 13 15 Mayfly, Hexagenia bilineata 7.0 Beetle, Peltodytes spp. 5.4 Stonefly, Pteronarcys californica 4.2 Stonefly, Pteronarcella badia 15 7.0 5.4 4.2 12 11 10 7 6 3 2 3.0 Damselfly, 3.0 Lestes congener 2.9 ' Stonefly, 2.9 Acroneuria pacifica 2.739 Prawn, 2.739 Palaemonetes kadiakensis 2.227 Mayfly, 2.227 Cloeon dipterum 1.697*** Midge, 31 Chironomus tentans Midge, 1.697 Chironomus riparius 1.5 Stonefly, 1.5 Claassenia sabulosa 1.127 Amphipod, 0.3628 Gammarus fasciatus Amphipod, 3.5 Gammarus lacustris 0.8944 Phantom midge, 0.8944 Chaoborus sp. 0.7746 Cladoceran, 1.0 Daphnia magna Cladoceran, 0.60 Daphnia pulex 0.64 Damselfly, 0.64 Ischnura verticalis 0.47 Cladoceran, 0.47 Simocephalus serrulatus 10.10 L-3 ------- Table LI. (Cont.) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L) Species Species Mean Acute Value (ug/L) Species Mean Acute-Chronic Ratio 0.04 Crayfish, Orconectes nais 0.04 * Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute Value. ** Not used in the- calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio. *** This GMAV was set equal to the lower SMAV due to the large range in the SMAVs in this genus. FAV = 0.1299 ug/L CMC = FAV/2 = 0.06495 ug/L FACR = 10.10 FCV = FAV/FACR = (0.1299 ug/L)/(10.10) = 0.01286 ug/L = CCC L-4 ------- References U.S. EPA. 1986. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for Parathion - 1986. EPA 440/5-86-007. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. L-5 ------- GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Pentachlorophenol No new acceptable acute or chronic data for pentachlorophenol were found. Therefore, the data given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for pentachlorophenol (U.S. EPA 1986) were used to obtain the values given in Table Ml. Because the toxicity of pentachlorophenol is pH-dependent, all acute values in Table Ml have been adjusted to a pH of 6.5. Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) Some of the Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table 3 of U.S. EPA (1985) were changed because of the new taxonomy for salmonids and because the values for Jordanella floridae and Rana catesbeiana had been incorrectly adjusted to a pH of 6.5 and because the SMAV for Gammarus pseudolimnaeus had been calculated incorrectly. The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table Ml, resulting in a FAV of 10.56 ug/L at a pH of 6.5. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 5.28 ug/L at a pH of 6.5. The CMC was related to pH using the slope of 1.005 that was derived in U.S. EPA (1986) : 1.005 (pH) - 4.869 CMC = e F Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure. Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). Six Species Mean ACRs were available (Table Ml), but two of them were "greater than" values. The range of the other four was less than a factor of 6. The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of the four similar SMACRs and was 2.608. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (10.56 ug/L)/(2.608) = 4.049 ug/L at a pH of 6.5. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CCC was 4.049 ug/L at a pH of 6.5. The CCC was related to pH using the slope of 1.005: 1.005 (pH) - 5.134 CCC = e * M-l ------- The Criterion The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate that, except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably if the four-day average concentration of pentachlorophenol does not exceed the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation 1.005 (pH) - 5.134 CCC = e * more than once every three years on the average and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation 1.005(pH) - 4.869 CMC = e more than once every three years on the average. M-2 ------- Table Ml. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Pentachlorophenol Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L)** Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L)** Ratio 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 >43920 Crayfish, >43920 Orconectes immunis 11260 Midge, 11260 Tanytarsus dissimilis 10610 Sciomyzid, 10610 Sepedon fuscipennis 417.7 Tubificid worm, 417.7 Rhyacodrilus montana 408.2 • Tubificid worm, 408.2 Stylodrilus heringianus 403.2 Snail, 403.2 Gilila altilis 361.6 Tubificid worm, 239.5 Spirosperma ferox Tubificid worm, 545.8 Spirosperma nikoiskyl 317.5 Tubificid worm, 317.5 Quistadrilus multisetosus 306.7 Flagfish, 306.7 Jordanella floridae 224.2 Tubificid worm, 224.2 Tubifex tubifex 195.4 . Guppy, 195.4 Poecilia reticulata 182.5 Tubificid worm, 182.5 Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 172.1 Amphipod, 172.1 Crangonyx pseudogracilis 155.9 Tubificid worm, 155.9 Branchiura sowerbyi 132.1 Snail, 132.1 Physa gyrina >10.27*** M-3 ------- Table Ml. (Cont.) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L)** Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L)** Ratio 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 105.0 Largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides 91.48 . Amphipod, Gammarus pseudolimnaeus 87.48 Amphipod, Hyalella azteca 78.10 Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex Cladoceran, Daphnia magna 67.13 Cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia reticulata 65.53 Goldfish, Carassius auratus 63.11 Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas 60.50 _ Mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis 60.43 Snail, Aplexa hypnorum 58.47 Tubificid worm, Varichaeta pacifica 57.72 Cladoceran, Simocephalus vetulus 56.41 Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus 34.13 Brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis 33.91 Bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana 105.0 91.48 87.48 90.83 67.15 67.13 65.53 63.11 60.50 60.43 58.47 57.72 56.41 34.13 33.91 2.5 >15.79*** 4.535 0.8945 M-4 ------- Table Ml. (Cont.) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L)** Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L)** Ratio 31.26 Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch Sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha 26.54 Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus 4.355 Common carp, Cyprinus carpio 35.34 31.82 32.85 25.85 26.54 4.355 4.564 * Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute Value. ** At pH = 6.5. *** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio. At pH = 6.5: FAV = 10.56 ug/L CMC = FAV/2 =5.28 ug/L As a function of pH: CMC = e 1.005 (pH) - 4.869 FACR = 2.608 At pH = 6.5: FCV = FAV/FACR = (10.56 ug/L)/(2.608) = 4.049 ug/L = CCC As a function of pH; 1.005 (pH) - 5.134 CCC = e M-5 ------- References U.S. EPA. 1986. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for Pentachloropheno-l. EPA 440/5-88-009. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. M-6 ------- GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Selenium The new acceptable acute data for selenium are given in Table 01; no new acceptable chronic data were found. These new data were used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for selenium (U.S. EPA 1987) to obtain the values'given in Tables 02 and 03. Selenium(IV): Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table 02, resulting in a FAV of 371.8 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 185.9 ug/L. Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure. Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). Four Species Mean ACRs were available (Table 02), but the one determined with the acutely resistant species was higher than the other three; the three were within a factor of 2.4. The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of the three and was 7.998. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (371.8 ug/L)/(7.998) = 46.49 ug/L. As in U.S. EPA (1987), this value was lowered to 27.6 ug/L to protect the commercially and recreationally important rainbow trout. The CCC was 27.6 ug/L. Selenium(VI): Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table 03, resulting in a FAV of 25.066 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 12.533 ug/L. Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) N-l ------- Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure. Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). Three Species Mean ACRs were available (Table 03), and they increased as the acute sensitivities of the species increased. To make the FACR appropriate for sensitive species, it was set equal to the SMACR of 2.651 for the sensitive Daphnia magna. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (25.0-66 ug/L) / (2.651) = 9.455 ug/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CCC was 9.455 ug/L. Total selenium: As discussed in U.S. EPA (1987) , field studies conducted on Belews Lake in North Carolina suggested that selenium might be more toxic to certain species of freshwater fish than had been observed in laboratory chronic toxicity tests. Based upon these field studies and some laboratory studies, the CCC for total selenium was set at 5 ug/L. The Final Acute-Chronic Ratio for total selenium was calculated as the geometric mean of the six ACRs in Tables 02 and 03 that are between 2.5 and 16.5 and was 7.737. The FAV was calculated by multiplying the CCC by the FACR and was 38.68 ug/L. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 19.34 ug/L as total recoverable selenium. The Criterion The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate that, except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, aquatj-c organisms should not be affected unacceptably if the four-day average concentration of selenium does not exceed 5 ug/L more than once every three years on the average and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed 19.34 ug/L more than once every three years on the average. N-2 ------- Table Ol. New Acute Values for Selenium Species Cladoceran, Daphnia magna Cladoceran, Daphnia magna Acute Value Method* Chemical (ug/L) S,U Na-selenite 680 [Selenium (IV)] S,U Na-selenate 750 [Selenium (VI)] Reference Johnston 1987 Johnston 1987 * S = static, U = unmeasured. N-3 ------- Table O2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Selenium(IV) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L) Species Species Mean Acute Value (ug/L) Species Mean Acute-Chroni c Ratio 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 203000 42500 35000 34910 30176 28500 26100 25934 '24100 13600 12 11 10 9 12600 11700 10490 10200 6500 2704 1796 Leech, Nephelopsis obscure Midge, Tanytarsus dissimilis Common carp, Cyprinus carpio Snail, Aplexa hypnorum Catostomus commersoni Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Goldfish, Carassius auratus Midge, Chironomus plumosus Snail, Physa sp. Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Gambusia affinis Yellow Perch, Perca flavescens Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Flagfish, Jordanella floridae Amphipod, Gammarus pseudolimnaeus Cladoceran, Daphnia magna Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex 30176 26100 25934 24100 13600 11700 10490 10200 6500 2704 834 3870 141.5** 13.31 5.586 N-4 ------- Table O2. (Cont.) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L) Species Species Mean Acute Value (ug/L) Species Mean Acute-Chronic Ratio 1783 Striped bass, Morone saxatilis 1700 Hydra, Hydra sp. 1601 Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas <603.6 Cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia affinis 340 Amphipod, Hyalella azteca 1783 1700 1601 <603.6 340 6.881 * Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute Value. ** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio. FAV = 371.8 ug/L CMC = FAV/2 = 185.9 ug/L FACR = 7.998 FCV = FAV/FACR = (371.8 ug/L)/(7.998) = 46.49 ug/L Lowered to protect rainbow trout: FCV =27.6 ug/L = CCC N-5 ------- Table O3. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Selenium(VI) Rank* Genus Mean Acute Value (ug/L) Species Species Mean Acute Value (ug/L) Species Mean Acute-Chronic Ratio 11 10 442000 193000 66000 63000 47000 20000 7300 5500 760 550.1 Leech, Hephelopsis obscura Snail, Aplexa hypnorum Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Midge, 442000 193000 66000 63000 47000 20000 Paratanytarsus parthenogeneticus 7300 65 Hydra, Hydra sp. Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Amphipod, Hyalella azteca Cladoceran, Daphnia magna Cladoceran, Daphnia pulicaria ,38 Amphipod, Gammarus pseudolimnaeus 5500 760 1230 246 16.26 9.726 2.651 65.38 * Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute Value. FAV = 25.066 ug/L CMC = FAV/2 = 12.533 ug/L FACR = 2.651 FCV = FAV/FACR = (25.066 ug/L)/(2.651) = 9.455 ug/L = CCC N-6 ------- References Johnston, P.A. 1987. Acute Toxicity of Inorganic Selenium to Daphnia magna (Straus) and the Effect of Sub-acute Exposure upon Growth and Reproduction. Aquatic Toxicol. 10:335-352. U.S. EPA. 1987. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for Selenium. EPA 440/5-87-006. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. N-7 ------- GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Zinc The new acceptable acute data for zinc are given in Table PI; no new acceptable chronic data were found. These data were used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for zinc (U.S. EPA 1987) to obtain the values given in Table P2. Because the toxicity of zinc is hardness-dependent, all acute values in Table P2 have been adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L. Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest Genus Mean Acute Values in Table P2, resulting in an FAV of 133.2 ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 66.6 ug/L, as total recoverable zinc, at a hardness of 50 mg/L. The CMC was related to hardness using the slope of 0.8473 that was derived in U.S. EPA (1987): 0.8473 (In hardness) +0.884 CMC = e Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure. Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR). SMACRs were available for seven species (Table P2), but three were for resistant species and one was a "less than" value. The other three were within a factor of 10.4. The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of the three SMACRs and was 1.994. According to the GLI tier 1 methodology, the FACR cannot be less than 2. The FCV = FAV/FACR = (133.2 ug/L)/(2) =66.6 ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L. This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System. Thus the CCC was 66.6 ug/L, as total recoverable zinc, at a hardness of 50 mg/L and equals the CMC. The CCC was related to hardness using the slope of 0.8473: 0 . 8473 (In hardness ) + 0 . 884 CCC = e When it equals the CMC, the CCC is irrelevant because the CMC has a shorter averaging period. 0-1 ------- The Criterion The procedures described in the GLI tier 1 methodology indicate that, except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably if the one-hour average concentration of zinc does not exceed the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation 0.8473 (In hardness) +0.884 CMC = e more than once every three years on the average. 0-2 ------- Table PI. New Acute Values for Zinc Adjusted Hardness Acute Acute (mg/L as Value Value Species Method* CaC03) (ug/L) (ug/L)** Reference Frog, S,M 100 Xenopus laevis Cladoceran, S,U 300 Daphnia magna 34500 19176 Dawson et al. 1988 1100 241 Berglind and Dave 1984 * S = Static, M = measured, U = unmeasured. ** Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using slope = 0.8473. 0-3 ------- Table P2. Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Zinc. Rank* Genus Mean Acute Value (ug/L)** Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L)** Ratio 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 88960 19800 19176 18400 17940 16820 13630 10560 10250 9712 8157 8100 7233 6580 6053 Damself ly, Argia sp. Amphipod, Crangonyx pseudogracilis Frog, Xenopus laevis Worm, Nais sp. Banded killifish, Fundulus diaphanus Snail, Amnicola sp. American eel, Anguilla rostrata Pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Goldfish, Carassius auratus Worm, Lumbriculus variegatus Isopod, Asellus bicrenata Isopod, Asellus communis Amphipod, Gammarus sp . Common carp, Cyprinus carpio Northern squawfish, Ptychocheilus oregonensis Guppy, 88960 19800 19176 18400 17940 16820 13630 18790 5937 10250 9712 5731 11610 8100 7233 6580 6053 Poecilia reticulata 0-4 ------- Table P2. (Cont.) Genus Mean Acute Value Rank* (ug/L)** Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L)** Ratio 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 X J 12 11 10 9 6000 5228 4900 4341 3830 3265 2176 2100 1707 X / U / 1672 1607 1578 1353 Golden shiner, Notemigonus crysoleucas White sucker, Catostomus commersoni Asiatic clam, Corbicula fluminea Southern platyfish, Xiphophorus maculatus Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Isopod, Lirceus alabamae Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar Brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis DX y \j £t (_/dIJ. f Lophopodella carteri Flagfish, Jordanella floridae Bryozoan, Plumatella emarginata Snail O11CLX X f Helisoma campanulatum Snail Physa gyrina Snail . 6000 5228 4900 4341 3830 3265 2176 2100 1 "7IT7 • J. / U » 1672 1607 T C T Q J-3 / O i naa 5.644*** 2.335*** 41.2*** _ _ Physa heterostropha 1307 Bryozoan, Pectinatella magnifica >1264 Tubificid worm, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 1307 >1264 0-5 ------- Table P2 . (ContJ Genus Mean' Acute Value Rank* (ug/L)** Species Species Mean Species Mean Acute Value Acute-Chronic (ug/L)** Ratio 931.3 Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch Sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha 790 Mozambique tilapia, Tilapia mossambica 299.8 ' Cladoceran, Daphnia magna Cladoceran, Daphnia pulex 227.8 Longfin dace, Agosia chrysogaster 119.4 Striped bass, Morone saxatilis 93.95 Cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia dubia Cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia reticulata 689.3 1628 1502 446.4 790 355.5 252.9 227.8 119.4 174.1 50.70 1.554 <6.074*** 0.7027 7.26 * Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute Value. ** At hardness = 50 mg/L. *** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio. At hardness = 50 mg/L: FAV = 133.2 ug/L CMC = FAV/2 = 66.. 6 ug/L As a function of hardness: CMC = e 0.8473(In hardness) +0.884 0-6 ------- FACR = 1.994 but was raised to 2 At hardness = 50 mg/L: FCV = FAV/FACR = (133.2 ug/L)/(2) = 66.6 ug/L = CCC As a function of hardness: 0.8473 (In hardness) +0.884 CCC = e 0-7 ------- References Berglind, R., and G. Dave. 1984. Acute Toxicity of Chromate, DDT, PCP, TPBS, and Zinc to Daphnia magna Cultured in Hard and Soft Water. Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 33:63-68. Dawson, D.A., E.-F. Stebler, S.L. Burks, and J.A. Bantle. 1988. Evaluation of the Developmental Toxicity of Metal-Contaminated Sediments Using Short-Term Fathead Minnow and Frog Embryo-Larval Assays. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 7:27-34. U.S. EPA. 1987. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for Zinc. EPA 440/5-87-003. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. °"8 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 5, Library (PL-12J) 77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th Floor Chicago, IL 60604-3590 ------- |