rxEPA
           United States
           Environmental Protection
           Agency
           Office of Water
           4301
EPA-820-B-9 5-004
March 1995
Great Lakes Water
Quality Initiative
Criteria Documents
for the Protection
of Aquatic Life in
Ambient Water

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                           DISCLAIMER

This document has been reviewed by the Health and Ecological
Criteria Division,  Office of Science and Technology, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency,  and approved for publication
as a support document  for the Great Lakes Water Quality
Initiative.  Mention of trade names and commercial products
does not constitute endorsement of their use.
                        ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Technical support  for  preparation of this document was
provided to the Office of Water by Charles E. Stephan of the
Office of Research and Development,  Environmental Research
Laboratory, Duluth, MN.
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               GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE
                  AMBIENT WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
                FOR THE PROTECTION OF AQUATIC LIFE


Arsenic (III)	A-l

Cadmium	B-1

Chromium(III)  	 C-l

Chromium (VI)   	D-l

Copper	E-l

Cyanide	F-l

Dieldrin	G-l

Endrin	H-l

Lindane .  .   .	1-1

Mercury (II)	J-1

Nickel	K-l

Parathion	L-l

Pentachlorophenol 	 M-l

Selenium	N-l

Zinc	0-1

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                           INTRODUCTION
The GLI aquatic life criteria contained herein were derived using
the procedures described in Appendix A to Part 132: Great Lakes
Water Quality Initiative Methodologies for Development of Aquatic
Life Criteria and Values.  It will be necessary to understand
these procedures in order to understand the derivations presented
herein.

In the derivation of the GLI aquatic life criteria, new data that
were considered to be of acceptable quality were used along with
the data in the criteria documents published by the U.S. EPA.
"New data" are data that became available since the last
literature search used in the preparation of the criteria
documents by U.S. EPA and prior to January 1993.  Some errors in
the U.S. EPA criteria documents were corrected and the new
taxonomy for salmonids was used; some SMAVs and GMAVs are
different from those in the U.S. EPA criteria documents due to
the preference for results of "FT,M" tests.  Although some new
data could have been used to revise the slopes relating acute
and/or chronic toxicity to hardness or pH, it was decided that
revision was not necessary at this time.  Thus all of the slopes
used herein are .the same as those used in the criteria documents
published by U.S. EPA.

Four digits are given in the concentrations in criteria because
these are intermediate values in the derivation of permit limits.

The GLI methodology specifies Minimum Data Requirements  (MDRs)
for chronic data and also describes how the available chronic
data should be used.  ACRs determined with saltwater species can
be used if the Minimum Data Requirements are not satisfied by
ACRs determined with freshwater species.  Because the FAV is
derived to represent acutely sensitive species, the FACR should
be derived to be appropriate for sensitive species if the ACRs
for the chemical appear to increase or decrease as the acute
sensitivity of the species increases.

The following acronyms are used in this document:
     ACR   =  Acute-Chronic Ratio
     CCC   =  Criterion Continuous Concentration
     CMC   =  Criterion Maximum Concentration
     FAV   =  Final Acute Value
     FCV   =  Final Chronic Value
     GLI   =  Great Lakes Initiative
     GMAV  =  Genus Mean Acute Value
     GMCV  =  Genus Mean Chronic Value
     FACR  =  Final Acute-Chronic Ratio
     SMACR =  Species Mean Acute-Chronic Ratio
     SMAV  =  Species Mean Acute Value
     SMCV  =  Species Mean Chronic Value

                                ii

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               GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE

          Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Arsenic(III)


The new acceptable acute  and  chronic data  for arsenic(III)  are
given  in Tables Al and A2.  These new  data were used with  those
given  in Tables 1 and 2 of the  criteria document  for arsenic
 (U.S.  EPA 1985) to obtain the values given in Table A3.


Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)

The Final Acute Value  (FAV) was calculated using  the four  lowest
Genus  Mean Acute Values given in Table A3, resulting in a  FAV of
679.6  ug/L.  This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally  important species  of the Great
Lakes  System.  The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV  by 2,
resulting in a CMC of 339.8 ug/L, as total recoverable
arsenic(III).


Criterion Continuous Concentration  (CCC)

Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final  Chronic Value  (FCV) using the eight-family  procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were  available to  calculate a FCV  by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR).   The
new chronic test gave an ACR  of 3.784; the geometric mean  of this
value  and the ACR in U.S. EPA (1985) for the same species  was
4.199.  This and the two other  Species Mean ACRs  in U.S. EPA
(1985) are given in Table A3; the three ACRs were within a factor
of 1.2.  The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean  of  the
three  ACRs and was 4.594.  The  FCV = FAV/FACR = (679.6
ug/L)/(4.594) = 147.9 ug/L.   This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species of the Great Lakes System.  The CCC was 147.9 ug/L, as
total  recoverable arsenic(III).


The Criterion

The procedures described in the  GLI Tier 1 methodology  indicate
that,   except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive,  aquatic organisms  should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of arsenic(III)  does not
exceed 147.9 ug/L more than once every three years on the  average
and if the one-hour average concentration  does not exceed  339.8
ug/L more than once every three years on the average.
                               A-l

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Table Al.  New Acute Values for Arsenic(III)
Species
Method*   Chemical
  Test    Acute
Duration  Value
 (hrs)     (ug/L)
Reference
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas FT,M
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna S,U
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex S,U
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata S,U
Sodium
arsenite
Sodium
arsenite
Sodium
arsenite
Sodium
arsenite
Spehar and
96 12,600 Fiandt 1986
Elnabarawy
48 4,501 et al. 1986
Elnabarawy
48 2,366 et al . 1986
Elnabarawy
48 1,269 et al. 1986
* FT = flow-through* M = measured, S = static, U = unmeasured.
                                     A-2

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Table A2.   New Chronic Values for Arsenic(III)


                                 Acute    Chronic   Acute-
                                 Value     Value    Chronic
Species               Method*    (ug/L)     (ug/L)    Ratio     Reference
Fathead minnow,         ELS      12,600    3,330     3.784     Spehar and
Pimephales promelas                                            Fiandt 1986
* ELS = early life stage.
                                     A-3

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Table A3.  Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Arsenic(III)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*       (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean  Species Mean
Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
    (ug/L)         Ratio
14
13
12
11
10
9
8

6
5
4

3
2

1
97,000
41,760
26,040
24,500
22,040
20,130
18,100
i A Q c. r\
J.*t , y bU
14,065
13,340
2,690

1,511
1,175

874
Midge,
Tany tarsus dissimilis
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Snail,
Aplexa hypnorum
Stonefly,
Pteronarcys californica
Flagfish,
.Jordanella floridae
Channel catfish
Ictalurus punctatus
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magpna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus serrulatus
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus vetulus
Atnphipod,
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
97,000
41,760
26,040
24,500
22,040
20,130
18,100
^ A Q CO
-L3: , _? D U
14,065
13,340
4,449
1,626
1,511
812
1,700
874
	

	
	
	
4.862
-----

4.199
	
4.748
	
	
	


* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
  Value.
                                     A-4

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FAV = 679.6 ug/L




CMC = FAV/2 = 339.8 ug/L




FACR = 4.594




FCV = FAV/FACR = (679.6 ug/L)/(4.594) = 147.9 ug/L = CCC
                        A-5

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References


Elnabarawy, M.T.,  A.N. Welter,  and R.R. Robideau.  1986.
Relative Sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic
and Inorganic Chemicals.  Environ. Toxicol.  Chem. 5:393-398.

Spehar, R.L., and J.T. Fiandt.   1986.  Acute and Chronic Effects
of Water Quality Criteria-based Metal Mixtures on Three Aquatic
Species.  Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:917-931.

U.S. EPA.  1985.  Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Arsenic -
1984.  EPA 440/5-84-033.  National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA.
                               A-6

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               GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE

            Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion  for Cadmium


The new acceptable acute and chronic data  for cadmium are given
in Tables Bl and B2.  These new data were  used with those given
in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for cadmium  (U.S. EPA
1985) to obtain the values given in Tables B3 and B4.  Because
the toxicity of cadmium is hardness-dependent, all acute and
chronic values in Tables B3 and B4 have been adjusted to a
hardness of 50 mg/L.


Criterion Maximum Concentration  (CMC)

The SMAVs given in Table B3 for the green  sunfish, bluegill, coho
salmon, and rainbow trout were derived from U.S. EPA  (1985) by
giving preference to results of "FT,M" tests.  Several SMAVs
given in U.S. EPA (1985) were changed or eliminated due to
deletion of tests that were conducted in river water by Spehar
and Carlson  (1984a,b).

The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values in Table B3, resulting in an FAV of 4.134
ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L.  This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species of the Great Lakes System.  The CMC was calculated by
dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC  of 2.067 ug/L, as total
recoverable cadmium, at a hardness of 50 mg/L.  The CMC was
related to hardness using the slope of 1.128 that was derived in
U.S. EPA (1985):

                       1.128(In hardness)  -3.6867
                CMC  = e


Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)

Two chronic values given in U.S. EPA (1985) were not used here
because the tests were conducted in river  water by Spehar and
Carlson (1984a,b).  The chronic value given in U.S. EPA (1985)
for Moina macrocopa was not used here because the concentrations
of cadmium were not measured.

Chronic toxicity tests have been conducted on cadmium with a wide
variety of aquatic species and the resulting ACRs have a wide
range,  even within sensitive species (U.S. EPA 1985).   Therefore,
the Final Chronic Value (FCV)  was calculated using the eight-
family procedure that was used to calculate the FAV and was used
to calculate the FCV for cadmium in U.S. EPA (1985).   As in U.S.
EPA (1985),  the FCV was calculated using the value of n used in

                               B-l

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the calculation of the FAV (i.e.,  n = 43).  The FCV was 1.4286
ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L.  This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species of the Great Lakes System.  Thus the CCC was 1.4286 ug/L,
as total recoverable cadmium,  at a hardness of 50 mg/L.  The CCC
was related to hardness using the slope of 0.7852 that was
derived in U.S. EPA (1985):

                       0 . 7852 (In hardness ) - 2 . 715
                CCC  = e
The Criterion

The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of cadmium does not exceed
the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation

                       0.7852(In hardness) -2.715
                CCC T e

more than once every three years on the average and if the
one-hour average concentration does not exceed the numerical
value (in ug/L) given by the equation

                       1.128(In hardness) -3.6867
                CMC = e

more than once every three years on the average.
                               B-2

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Table Bl.   New Acute  Values  for Cadmium
Species
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Crayfish,
Orconectes virilis
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout
(28 -day egg) ,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout
(14 -day egg) ,
Oncorhynchus mykiss-
Rainbow trout
(24-hr, egg) ,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout
(0-hr, egg) ,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
Method*
S,D
S,U
S,U
S,U
S,U
S,U
s,u
s,u
FT,M
FT,M
FT,M
FT,M
FT,M
FT,M
FT,M
S,U
Hardness
(mg/L as
CaC03)
240
120
200
200
240
240
50
26
9.2
50
50
50
50
50
50
40
Acute
Value
(ug/L)
184
70
50
100
319
178
1700
6100
<0.5
30
10
9200
7500
13000
13000
4
Adjusted
Acute
Value
(ug/L) **
31.36
26.07
10.47
20.94
54.37
30.3
1700
12755
<3.37
30
10
9200***
7500***
13000***
13000***
5.14
Reference
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Hall et al.
1986
Hall et al.
1986
Hall et al.
1986
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Martin and
Holdich 1986
Mirenda 1986
Cusimano and
Brakke 1986
Van Leeuwen
et al. 1985
Van Leeuwen
et al. 1985
Van Leeuwen
et al. 1985
Van Leeuwen
et al. 1985
Van Leeuwen
et al. 1985
Van Leeuwen
et al. 1985
Palawski
et al. 1985
                                    B-3

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Table Bl.   (Cont.)
Species
         Hardness   Acute
         (mg/L as   Value
Method*   CaCOj)     (ug/L)
                  Adjusted
                   Acute
                   Value
                  (ug/L)**    Reference
Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
  S,U
285
10
1.4     Palawski
        et al. 1985
*   FT = flow-through, M = measured, S = static, U = unmeasured.
**  Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using a slope of 1.128.
*** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available  for a
    more sensitive life stage.
                                      B-4

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Table B2.   New Chronic Values for Cadmium
Species Method*
Cladoceran, LC
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran, LC
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran, LC
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran, LC
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran, LC
Daphnia pulex
Oligochaete, LC
Aeolosoma headleyi
Adjusted
Hardness Chronic Chronic
(mg/L as Value Value
CaC03) (ug/L) (ug/L) ** Reference
240 0.4 0.12*** Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
240 4.3 1.25*** Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
106 7.07 3.919 Ingersoll and
Winner 1982
65 7.49 6.096 Niederlehner
1984
240 13.7 4*** Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
65 25.19 20.50 Niederlehner
1984
*   LC = life cycle.
**  Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using a slope of 0.7852.
*** Not used in derivation of the criterion because the concentrations of
    cadmium were not measured.
                                     B-5

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Table B3.   Ranked Genus Mean Acute  Values  for  Cadmium
Rank*
43
42
41
40
39
38
37

36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L) ** Species
12755
8325
8100
7921
' 7685
6915
4990

4977
4778
4024
4024
3800
3570
3514
3400
3018
Crayfish,
Orconectes virilis
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Damself ly,
(Unidentified)
Tubificid worm,
Rhyacodrilus montana
Mosquitof ish,
Gambusia affinis
Tubificid worm,
Stylodrilus heringianus
Tubificid worm,
Spirosperma ferox
Tubificid worm,
Spirosperma nikolskyi
Threespine stickleback
Gasterosteus aculeatus
Tubificid worm,
Varichaeta pacif ica
Tubificid worm,
Tubifex tubifex
Tubificid worm,
Quistradilus multisetosus
Snail,
Amnicola sp.
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
White sucker,
Catostomus commersoni
Caddisfly,
(Unidentified)
Tubificid worm,
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L) **
12755
8325
8100
7921
7685
6915
4401
5658
4977
4778
4024
4024
3800
3570
3514
3400
3018
                      Branchiura sowerbyi
                                     B-6

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Table B3.  (Cont.)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*     (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
  (ug/L)**
27

26

25





24

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13
2888

2400

2395





2310

2137

1700

1700

1200

736

401

221.9

215.5

156.9

142.5 .

104.0
Flagfish,
Jordanella floridae
Northern squawfish,
Ptychocheilus oregonensis
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Mayfly,
Ephemerella grandis
Tubificid worm,
Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri
Worm,
Nais sp.
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Midge,
Chironomus sp.
American eel,
Anguilla rostrata
Isopod,
Asellus bicrenata
Bryozoan,
Plumatella emarginata
Common carp,
Cyprinus carpio
Snail,
Physa gyrina
Bryozoan,
Pectinatella magnifica
Snail,
2888

2400

2399

1347

4249

2310

2137

1700

1700

1200

736

401

221.9

215.5

156.9

142.5

104.0
                      Aplexa hypnorum
                                     B-7

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Table B3.  (Cont.)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*      (ug/L)**
            Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
 (ug/L)**
   12
   11
   10
98.79  .   Banded killifish,
          Fundulus diaphanus

74.99     Amphipod,
          Gammarus pseudolimnaeus

          Amphipod,
          Gammarus sp.

48.28     Cladoceran,
          Ceriodaphnia reticulata

42.8      Isopod,
          Lirceus alabamae

40.78     Cladoceran,
          Moina macrocopa

30.54     Bryozoan,
          Lophopodella carteri

30.50  .   Fathead minnow,
          Pimephales promelas

29.96     Cladoceran,
          Simocephalus serrulatus

          Cladoceran,
          Simochephalus vetulus

21.13     Cladoceran,
          Daphnia magna

          Cladoceran,
          Daphnia pulex

 5.421    Coho salmon,
          Oncorhynchus kisutch

          Chinook salmon,
          Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

          Rainbow trout,
          Oncorhynchus mykiss

 2.682*** White perch,
          Morone americana

          Striped bass,
          Morone saxatilis
    98.79


    80.33


    70.00


    48.28


    42.8


    40.78


    30.54


    30.50


    33.2


    27.03


    14.2


    31.43


     6.48


     4.254


     5.78
                                                     7544
                                                        2.682****
                                     B-8

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Table B3.   (Cont.)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*      (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
  (ug/L)**
           1.647      Brown trout,
                      Salmo trutta
                               1.647
*    Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
     Value.
**   At hardness = 50 mg/L.
***  The GMAV was set equal to the lower SMAV due to the large range in the
     SMAVs in this genus.
**** This SMAV was based on the results reported by Palawski et al.  (1985)
     because they were considered better data than those given in U.S. EPA
      (1985), although the data reported by Hughes  (1973) supported the newer
     data.
At hardness = 50 mg/L:

            FAV =  4.134 ug/L

            CMC =  FAV/2 = 2.067 ug/L

As a function of hardness:

                             1.128 (In hardness) -3.6867
                      CMC =  e
                                     B-9

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Table B4.   Ranked Genus Mean Chronic Values for Cadmium
          Genus Mean
         Chronic Value
Rank*      (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean
Chronic Value
  (ug/L)**
12
11
10
20
16
15
.50
.32
.40
Oligochaete,
Aeolosoma headleyi
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Fathead minnow,
20
16
15
.50
.32
.40
                      Pimephales promelas

            8.170     Smallmouth bass,
                      Micropterus dolomieui

            8.138     Northern pike,
                      Esox lucius

            7.849     White sucker,
                      Catostomus commersoni

            7.771     Atlantic salmon,
                      Salmo salar

                      Brown trout,
                      Salmo trutta

            5.336     Flagfish,
                      Jordanella floridae

            4.841     Snail,
                      Aplexa hypnorum

            .4.383  '   Brook trout,
                      Salvelinus fontinalis

                      Lake trout,
                      Salvelinus namaycush

            3.399     Coho salmon,
                      Oncorhynchus kisutch

                      Chinook salmon,
                      Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

            0.1354*** Cladoceran,
                      Daphnia magna

                      Cladoceran,
                      Daphnia pulex
                              8.170


                              8.138


                              7.849


                              8.192


                              7.372


                              5.336


                              4.841


                              2.362


                              8.134


                              4.289


                              2.694


                              0.1354


                              4.888
*   Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Chronic
    Value.
**  At hardness =50 mg/L.
                                     B-10

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*** The GMCV was set equal to the lower SMCV due to the large range in the
    SMCVs for this genus.



At hardness = 50 mg/L:


            FCV = 1.4286 ug/L = CCC     (calculated using n = 43)


As a function of hardness:


                             0.7852(In hardness) -2.715
                      CCC = e
                                    B-ll

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References
Cusimano, R.F., D.F. Brakke, and G.A. Chapman.  1986.  Effects of
pH on the Toxicities of Cadmium, Copper and Zinc to Steelhead
Trout (Salmo gairdneri).   Can J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43:1497-1503.

Elnabarawy, M.R., A.N. Wetter, and R.R. Robideau.  1986.
Relative Sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic
and Inorganic Chemicals.   Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398.

Hall, W.S., R.L. Paulson, L.W. Hall, Jr., and D.T. Burton.  1986.
Acute Toxicity of Cadmium and Sodium Pentachlorophenate to
Daphnids and Fish.  Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 37:308-316.

Hughes,  J.S.  1973.  Acute Toxicity of Thirty Chemicals to
Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis).  Western Assoc. State Game Fish
Coiran.,  Salt Lake City, UT.  July.

Ingersoll, C.G., and R.W. Winner.  1982.  Effect of Daphnia pulex
(DeGeer) to Daily Pulse Exposures to Copper or Cadmium.  Environ.
Toxicol. Chem.  1:321-327.

Martin,  S.R., and D.M. Holdich.  1986.  The Acute Lethal Toxicity
of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans  (with Particular
Reference to Freshwater Asellids and Gammarids).  Water Res.
20:1137-1147.

Mirenda, R.J.  1986.  Toxicity and Accumulation of Cadmium in the
Crayfish, Orconectes virilis  (Hagen).  Arch. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol. 15:401-407.

Niederlehner, B.  1984.  A Comparison of Techniques for
Estimating the Hazard of Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment.
M.S. Thesis.  Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State
University.

Palawski, D., J.B. Hunn,  and F.J. Dwyer.  1985.  Sensitivity of
Young Striped Bass to Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Fresh
and Saline Waters.  Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 114:748-753.

Spehar,  R.L., and A.R. Carlson.  1984a.  Derivation of Site-
Specific Water Quality Criteria  for Cadmium and the St. Louis
River Basin, Duluth, Minnesota.  PB84-153196.  National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, VA.

Spehar,  R.L., and A.R. Carlson.  1984b.  Derivation of Site-
Specific Water Quality Criteria  for Cadmium and the St. Louis
River Basin, Duluth, Minnesota.  Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 3:651-
665.
                               B-12

-------
U.S. EPA.  1985.  Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Cadmium.  EPA 440/5-84-032.  National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, VA.

Van Leeuwen, C.J., P.S. Griffioen, W.H.A. Vergouw, and J.L. Maas-
Diepeveen.  1985.  Differences in Susceptibility of Early Life
Stages of Rainbow Trout  (Salmo gairdneri) to Environmental
Pollutants.  Aquatic Toxicol. 7:59-78.
                              B-13

-------
               GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE

         Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion  for Chromium(III)


The new acceptable acute data for chromium(III) are given in
Table Cl; no new acceptable chronic data were found.  These data
were used with those given in Tables 1  and 2 of the criteria
document for chromium  (U.S. EPA 1984) to obtain the values given
in Table C2.  Because the toxicity of chromium(III) is hardness-
dependent, all acute values in Table C2 have been adjusted to a
hardness of 50 mg/L.


Criterion Maximum Concentration  (CMC)

The Final Acute Value  (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute'Values in Table C2, resulting in an FAV of 2044
ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L.  This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species of the Great Lakes System.  The CMC was calculated by
dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 1022 ug/L, as total
recoverable chromium(III), at a hardness of 50 mg/L.  The CMC was
related to hardness using the slope of  0.819 that was derived in
U.S. EPA  (1985):

                       0.819 (In hardness) +3.7256
                CMC  = e
Criterion Continuous Concentration  (CCC)

Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR).  SMACRs
were available for three species  (Table C2)' and the highest SMACR
was obtained with the most resistant of the three.  The other two
SMACRs were within a factor of 2.4.  The FACR was calculated as
the geometric mean of the two ACRs and was 41.84.  The FCV =
FAV/FACR = (2044 ug/L)/(41.84) = 48.85 ug/L at a hardness of 50
mg/L.  This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or -recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System.  Thus the CCC was 48.85 ug/L, as total recoverable
chromium(III),  at a hardness of 50 mg/L.  The CCC, was related to
hardness using the slope of 0.819:

                       0.819(In hardness)  +0.6848
                V*- VM'N>' *~ "
                               C-l

-------
The Criterion

The procedures described in the GLI tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of chromium(III) does not
exceed the numerical value (in ug/L)  given by the equation

                       0.819 (In hardness)  +0.6848
                CCC  = e

more than once every three years on the average and if the
one-hour average concentration does not exceed the numerical
value (in ug/L) given by the equation

                       0.819(In hardness)  + 3.7256
                CMC  = e

more than once every three years on the average.
                               C-2

-------
Table Cl.  New Acute Values for Chromium(III)

                                                      Adjusted
                                   Hardness   Acute    Acute
                                   (mg/L as   Value    Value
Species                   Method*   CaCO3)     (ug/L)   (ug/L)**    Reference
Amphipod,                   S,U       50     291,000   291,000    Martin and
Crangonyx pseudogracilis                                          Holdich 1986
*  S = static, U = unmeasured.
** Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using a slope of 0.819.
                                     C-3

-------
Table C2.   Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Chromium(III)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*       (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean   Species Mean
Acute Value    Acute-Chronic
   (ug/L)**         Ratio
19

18

17

16

15

14

13



12



11

10

9

8

7

6

5

291,000

71060

50000

43100

16010

15630
'
15370



14770

•

13230

12860

11000
•
10320

10210

9669

9300 '

Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Caddisfly,
Hydropsyche betteni
Caddisfly,
Unidentified sp.
Damself ly,
Unidentified sp.
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Banded killifish,
Fundulus diaphanus
Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
White perch,
Morone americana
Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
Common carp,
Cyprinus carpio
American eel,
Anguilla rostrata
Midge ,
Chironomus sp.
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Snail,
Amnicola sp.
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Worm,
Nais sp.
291,000

71060

50000

43100

16010

15630

15720

15020

13320

16370

13230

12860

11000

10320

10210

9669

9300



— . —

	

	

>356.4***

— - —

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

27.30

	

64.11

	

                                     C-4

-------
Table C2.   (Cont.)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*      (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean   Species Mean
Acute Value    Acute-Chronic
   (ug/L)**         Ratio
             8684     Goldfish,
                      Carassius auratus

             7053     Guppy,
                      Poecilia reticulata

             3200     Amphipod,
                      Gammarus sp.

             2221     Mayfly,
                      Ephemerella subvaria
                            8684
                            7053
                            3200
                            2221
*   Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
    Value.
**  At hardness = 50 mg/L.
*** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
At hardness =50 mg/L:

         FAV  = 2044 ug/L

         CMC  = FAV/2  =  1022 ug/L

As a function of hardness:

                             0.819(In hardness)  + 3.7256
                      CMC = e

FACR =41.84

At hardness = 50 mg/L:

         FCV  = FAV/FACR =  (2044 mg/L)/(41.84) =  48.85 ug/L  = CCC

As a function of hardness:

                             0.819 (In hardness)  +0.6848
                      CCC = e
                                     C-5

-------
References


Martin, T.R.,  and D.M. Holdich.  1986.  The Acute Lethal Toxicity
of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular
Reference to Fresh-water Asellids and Gammarids).   Water Res.
20:1137-1147.

U.S. EPA.  1985.  Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Chromium(III)  - 1984.  EPA 440/5-84-029.  National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, VA.
                               C-6

-------
               GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE

          Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Chromium(VI)


The new acceptable acute data for chromium(VI) are given in Table
Dl; no new acceptable chronic data were used.  These new data
were used with  those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria
document for chromium (U.S. EPA 1985) to obtain the values given
in Table D2.


Criterion Maximum Concentration  (CMC)

The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table D2, resulting in a FAV of
32.04 ug/L.  This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System.  The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2,
resulting in a CMC of 16.02 ug/L, as total recoverable
chromium(VI).


Criterion Continuous Concentration  (CCC)

Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value  (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio  (FACR).  Eight
SMACRs were available (Table D2), but three were high SMACRs that
were obtained with resistant species and one was a "greater than"
value.  Of the eight, only four were appropriate for use in
calculating the FACR and the four were within a factor of 6.  The
FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of these four and was
2.917.  The FCV = FAV/FACR = (32.04 ug/L)/(2.917)  = 10.98 ug/L.
This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially
or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System.
The CCC was 10.98 ug/L,  as total recoverable chromium(VI).


The Criterion

The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of chromium(VI)  does not
exceed 10.98 ug/L more than once every three years on the average
and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed 16.02
ug/L more than once every three years on the average.
                               D-l

-------
Table Dl.  New Acute Values for Chromium(VI)
Species
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Method*
S,U
S,U
S,M
S,U
S,M
S,U
S,M
s,u
s,u
S,M
S,M
R,U
R,U
S,M
S,M
S,M
Chemical
K- dichromate
Na- dichromate
K- dichromate
K- dichromate
K- dichromate
K- dichromate
K- dichromate
K- dichromate
Na - dichromate
K- dichromate
K- dichromate
K- dichromate
K- dichromate
K- dichromate
K- dichromate
K- dichromate
Acute Value
(ug/L)
900**
112**
170**
190**
20**
20**
40**
40**
122**
180**
180**
420
810
182,000**
154,000**
201,240**
Reference
Berglind and
Dave 1984
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Dorn et al .
1987
Dorn, et al .
1987
Dorn, et al .
1987
Dorn, et al .
1987
Dorn, et al .
1987
Dorn, et al .
1987
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Jop et
al. 1987
Jop et
al. 1987
Martin and
Holdich 1986
Martin and
Holdich 1986
Jop et
al. 1987
Jop et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
                                     D-2

-------
Table Dl.   (Cont.)
Species
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus-
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Method*
S,U
S,M
S,U
S,M
S,U
S,M
S,M
S,U
S,M
Chemical
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
K - di chr omat e
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
K-dichromate
Acute Value
(ug/L)
164,730**
199,200**
158,360**
148,310**
146,530**
46,000**
34,000**
26,130**
26,410**
Reference
Dorn et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
Jop et
al. 1987
Jop et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
Dorn et
al. 1987
*  S = static, FT = flow-through, M = measured, U = unmeasured.
** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for
   this species from a "FT,M" test.
                                     D-3

-------
Table D2.   Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Chromium(VI)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*      (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean   Species Mean
Acute Value    Acute-Chronic
    (ug/L)          Ratio
28

27

26

25



24

23

22

21





20

19

18

17

16
1,870,000

176,000 .

140,000

123,500



119,500

72,600

69,000

67,610 .





61,000

59,000

57,300

51,250

49,600
Stonef ly,
Neophasganophora capitata
Crayfish,
Orconectes rusticus
Damself ly,
Enallagma aspersum
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
White crappie,
Pomoxis annularis
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Emerald shiner,
Notropis atherinoides
Striped shiner,
Notropis chrysocephalus
Sand shiner,
Notropis stramineus
Midge,
Chironomus tentans
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Midge,
Tanytarsus dissimilis
Central stoneroller,
Campostoma anomalum
Silver jaw minnow,
1,870,000

176,000

140,000

114,700

132,900

119,500

72,600

69,000

48,400

85,600
•
74,600

61,000

59,000

57,300

51,250

49,600






	

	

	

	 	

	

260.8**

	

	

	

	

223**

	

. . 	

	
                       Ericymba buccata
                                     D-4

-------
Table D2.  (Cont.)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*      (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean   Species Mean
Acute Value    Acute-Chronic
   (ug/L)          Ratio
15



14

13

12

11

10







7

6

5

4

3

2


47,180

.

46,000

36,300

30,450
•
30,000

23,010

1C f f\
, 3bU

1>i yi r\ *
, 441)

650

630

583
'
67.1

45.1

36.35

•
Bluntnose minnow,
Pimephales notatus
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Johnny darter.
Etheostoma nigrum
Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
Striped bass,
Morone saxatilis
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
Snail,
Physa heterostropha

Bryozoan,
Lophopodella carteri

Bryozoan,
Pectinatella magnifica
Bryozoan,
Plumatella emarginata
Amphipod,
Hyalella azteca
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Amphipod,
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus serrulatus
Cladoceran,
54,225 	

41,050 18.55**

46,000 	

36,300 	

30,450 	

30,000 	

23,010 	

1c cr\ _ _ _ _


IA A n


650 .....

630 	

583 	

67.1 	

45.1 1.13

40.9 2.055

32.3 5.267
                       Simocephalus vetulus
                                     D-5

-------
Table D2.   (Cont.)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*       (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean   Species Mean
Acute Value    Acute-Chronic
    (ug/L)          Ratio
               28.94   Cladoceran,
                       Daphnia magna

                       Cladoceran,
                       Daphnia pulex
                             23.07
                             36.3
                  >6.957**
                   5.92
*  Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
   Value.
** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
             FAV  =  32.04  ug/L

             CMC  =  FAV/2  =  16.02 ug/L

             FACR = 2.917

             FCV  =  FAV/FACR =  (32.04 ug/L)/(2.917)  =  10.98  ug/L = CCC
                                     D-6

-------
References
Berglind, R., and G. Dave.  1984.  Acute Toxicity of Chromate,
DDT, PCP, TPBS, and Zinc to Daphnia magna Cultured in Hard and
Soft Water.  Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 33:63-68.

Dorn, P.B., J.H. Rodgers, Jr., K.M. Jop, J.C. Raia, and K.L.
Dickson.  1987.  Hexavalent Chromium as a Reference Toxicant in
Effluent Toxicity Tests.  Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 6:435-444.

Elnabarawy, M.T., A.N. Welter, and R.R.Robideau.  1986.  Relative
Sensitivity of Three Daphnia Species to Selected Organic and
Inorganic Chemicals.  Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398.

Jop, K.M., T.F. Parkerton, J.H. Rodgers, and K.L. Dickson.  1987.
Comparative Toxicity and Speciation of Two Hexavalent Chromium
Salts in Acute Toxicity Tests.  Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
6:697-703.

Martin, J.R., and D.M. Holdich.  1986.  The Acute Lethal Toxicity
of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular
Reference to Fresh-Water Asellids and Gammarids).  Water Res.
20:1137-1147.

U.S. EPA.  1985.  Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Chromium -
1984.  EPA 440/5-84-029.  National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA.
                               D-7

-------
              GREAT  LAKES WATER  QUALITY  INITIATIVE

             Tier  1 Aquatic  Life  Criterion for Copper


The new acceptable acute and chronic data for copper are given in
Tables El and E2.   These new data were used with those given in
Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for copper  (U.S. EPA
1985) to obtain the values given in Table E3.  Because the
toxicity of copper is hardness-dependent, all acute values in
Table E3 have been adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L.


Criterion Maximum Concentration  (CMC)

Data given in U.S. EPA  (1985) for the species Gamnarus pulex were
not used because this species is not resident in North America.
Several SMAVs given in Table E3 were derived from U.S. EPA (1985)
by giving preference to results of "FT,M" tests.

The Final Acute Value (FAV)  was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values in Table E3, resulting in an FAV of 14.57
ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L.  This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species of the Great Lakes System.  The CMC was calculated by
dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 7.285 ug/L, as total
recoverable copper, at a hardness of 50 mg/L.  The CMC was
related to hardness using the slope of 0.9422 that was derived in
U.S. EPA (1985) :'

                       0.9422 (In hardness) -1.700
                CMC = e
Criterion Continuous Concentration  (CCC)

Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value  (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR).  The
new chronic test gave an ACR of 15.48 with the fathead minnow;
the geometric mean of this value and the four ACRs for this
species in U.S. EPA  (1985) was 11.20.  SMACRs were available for
nine species (Table E3) and were higher for resistant species.
To make the FACR appropriate for sensitive species,  it was
calculated from the two SMACRs that were determined with species
whose SMAVs were' close to the FAV.  Thus the FACR was calculated
as the geometric mean of 3.297 and 2.418 and was 2.823.  The FCV
= FAV/FACR = (14.57 ug/L)/(2.823) = 5.161 ug/L at a hardness of
50 mg/L.  This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System.  Thus the CCC was 5.161 ug/L, as total recoverable

                               E-l

-------
copper, at a hardness of 50 mg/L.  The CCC was related to
hardness using the slope of 0.8545 that was derived in U.S. EPA
(1985)  :

                       0.8545 (In hardness) -1.702
                CCC = e
The Criterion

The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of copper does not exceed
the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation

                       0 . 8545 (In hardness )  - 1. 702
                CCC = e

more than once every three years on the average and if the
one-hour average concentration does not exceed the numerical
value (in ug/L) given by the equation

                       0.9422 (In hardness)  -1.700
                CMC = e

more than once every three years on the average.
                               E-2

-------
Table El.   New Acute Values for Copper
Species Method*
Cladoceran, S,U
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran, S,U
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran, S,U
Daphnia pulex
Amphipod, S,U
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Asiatic clam, FT,M
Corbicula manilensis
Midge, S,M
Chironomus decorus
Fathead minnow, FT,M
Pimephales promelas
Bluegill, S,M
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill, ' FT,M
Lepomis macrochirus
Rainbow trout, FT,M
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Striped bass, S,U
Morone saxatilis
Hardness
(mg/L as
CaC03)
240
240
240
50
17
44
43.9
31.2
31.2
9.2
285
Acute
Value
(ug/L)
23
41
31
1290
>2600
739
96
340
550
2.8
270
Adjusted
Acute
Value
(ug/L) **
5.2
9.4
7.1
1290
>7184
834
109
530***
858
14
52
Reference
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Martin and
Holdich 1986
Harrison
et al. 1984
Kosalwat and
Knight 1987
Spehar and
Fiandt 1986
Bailey et
al. 1985
Bailey et
at. 1985
Cusimano and
Brakke 1986
Palawski
et al. 1985
*   S = static, FT = flow-through,  U = unmeasured,  M = measured.
**  Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using the slope of 0.9422.
*** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for
    this species from a "FT,M" test.
                                     E-3

-------
Table E2.  New Chronic Values for Copper
Species
           Acute     Chronic
           Value      Value
Method*    (ug/L)     (ug/L)
                    Acute-
                    Chronic
                     Ratio     Reference
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
  ELS
96
                        6.2
                                  15 .48     Spehar and
                                            Fiandt 1986
   ELS = early life, stage.
                                     E-4

-------
Table E3.   Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Copper
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*     (ug/L)**
Species
                                                Species Mean   Species Mean
                                                Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
                                                   (ug/L)**        Ratio
43       10240      Stonefly,
                   Acroneuria  lycorias

42      > 7184      Asiatic  clam,
                   Corbicula manilensis

41       6200      -Caddisfly,
                   Unidentified sp.

40       4600      Damselfly,
                   Unidentified sp.

39       4305      American eel,
                   Anguilla rostrata

38     '  1990      Crayfish,
                   _ Procambarus clarkii

37       1877      Snail,
                   Campeloma decisum

36       1397      Crayfish,
                   Orconectes rusticus

35       1290      Amphipod,
                   Crangonyx pseudogracilis

34       1057      •Pumpkinseed,
                   Lepomis  gibbosus

                   Bluegill,
                   Lepomis macrochirus

33        900      Snail,
                   Amnicola sp.

32        790.6    Banded killifish,
                   Fundulus diaphanus

31        684.3    Mozambique tilapia
                   Tilapia mossambica

30        331.8    Striped shiner,
                   Notropis chrysocephalus

29        289      Goldfish,
                   Carassius auratus

28        242.7   .Worm,
                   Lumbriculus variegatus
                                                    7184
                                                    4600
                                                    1877
                                                    1397
                                                    1290
                                                        .9
                                                    1742
                                                     790.1
                                                     684.:
                                                    331.8
                                                    289
                                                    242.7
                                       156.2***
                                       37.96***
                                    E-5

-------
Table E3.   (Cont.)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*      (ug/L)**
               Species
Species Mean   Species Mean
 Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
   (ug/L)**        Ratio
27

26
196.1

170.2"
Mosquitof ish.
Gambusia affinis
Midge ,
T oc 1 	


197 	
 25
 24
 23
 22


 21


 20


 19


 18
 17
 16
         Chironomus tentans

        • Midge,
         Chironomus decorus

         Midge,
         Chironomus sp.

166.2    Snail,
         Goniobasis livescens

156.8    Common carp,
        _ Cyprinus carpio

141.2    Rainbow darter
         Etheostoma caeruleum

         Orangethroat darter,
         Etheostoma spectabile

135      Bryozoan,
         Pectinatella magnifica

133     •Chiselmouth,
         Acrocheilus alutaceus

110.4    Brook trout,
         Salvelinus fontinalis

109.9    Atlantic salmon,
         Salmo salar

 97.9    Bluntnose minnow,
         Pimephales notatus

         Fathead minnow,
         Pimephales promelas

 90      Worm,
         Nais sp.

 86.67   Blacknose dace,
         Rhinichthys atratulus
     834


      30


     166.2


     156.8


      86.67


     230.2


     135


     133


     110.4


     109.9


      72.16


     132.9


      90


      86.67
 7.776***
26.36***


11.20***
                                      E-6

-------
Table E3.  (Cont.)  .
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*     (ug/L)**
              Species
Species Mean   Species Mean
 Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
   (ug/L)**        Ratio
 15
 14
 13
 12
 11
 10
83.97   Creek chub,
        Semotilus atromaculatus

83      Guppy,
        Poecilia reticulata

78.55   Central stoneroller,
        Campostoma anomalum

73.S3   Coho salmon,
        Oncorhynchus kisutch

       .Sockeye salmon,
        Oncorhynchus nerka

        Cutthroat trout,
        Oncorhynchus clarki

        Chinook salmon,
        Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

        Rainbow trout,
        Oncorhynchus mykiss

69.81   Brown bullhead,
        Ictalurus nebulosus

56.21   Snail,
        Gyraulus circumstriatus

53.08   Worm,
        Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri

52_White perch,
        Morone americanus

        Striped bass,
        Morone saxatilis

39.33   Snail,
        Physa heterostropha

        Snail,
        Physa Integra

37.05   Bryozoan,
        Lophopodella carteri

37.05   Bryozoan,
        Plumatella emarginata

22.09   Amphipod,
        Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
      83.97        	


      83           	


      78.55        	


      87.1         	


     233.8         	


      66.26        	


      42.26     > 4.473***


      38.89        	


      69.81        	


      56.21        	


      53.08        	


    5860           	


      52           	


      35.91        	


      43.07       3.585***


      37.05        	


      37.05        	


      22.09       3.297
                                     E-7

-------
Table E3.   (Cent.)
         Genus Mean'
         Acute Value
Rank*      (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean   Species Mean
 Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
   (ug/L)**        Ratio
            16.74   Northern squawfish,
                    Ptychocheilus oregonensis

            14.48   Cladoceran,
                   .Daphnia magna

                    Cladoceran,
                    Daphnia pulex

                    Cladoceran,
                    Daphnia pulicaria

             9.92   Cladoceran,
                    Ceriodaphnia reticulata
                            16.74
                            19.88
                            16.5
                             9.263
                             9.92
                   2.418
*   Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
    Value.
**  At hardness =50 mg/L.
*** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
    This GMAV was not set equal to the lowest SMAV because the species was
    not identified.
    This GMAV was set equal to the lower SMAV due to the large range in the
    SMAVs in this genus.
    This SMAV was based on the results reported by Palawaki et al.  (1985)
    because they were considered better data than those given in U.S. EPA
    (1985), although the data reported by Hughes  (1973) supported the newer
    data.
At hardness = 50 mg/L:

            FAV =  14.57 ug/L

            CMC =  FAV/2 =  7.285 ug/L

As a function of hardness:

                             0.9422(In hardness)  -1.700
                      CMC = e

FACR = 2.823

At hardness = 50 mg/L:

            FCV =  FAV/FACR =  (14.57 ug/L)/(2.823)  =  5.161  ug/L

As a function of hardness:

                             0.8545(In hardness)  - 1.702
                      CCC = e
                                     = CCC
                                     E-8

-------
References


Bailey, H.C., D.H.W. Liu, and H.A Javitz.  1985.  Time/Toxicity
Relationships in- Short-Term Static, Dynamic, and Plug-Flow
Bioassays.  In: Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment: Eighth
Symposium.  ASTM STP 981.

Cusimano, R.F., and D.F. Brakke.  1986.  Effects of pH on the
Toxicities of Cadmium, Copper, and Zinc to Steelhead Trout  (Salmo
gairdneri).  Can. J. Fish. Aguat. Sci. 43:1497-1503.

Elnabarawy,  M.T., A.N. Welter, and R.R.Robideau.  1986.  Relative
Sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic and
Inorganic Chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398.

Harrison, F.L., J.P. Knezovich, and D.W. Rice Jr.  1984.  The
Toxicity of Copper to Adult and Early Life Stages of the
Freshwater Clam, Corbicula manilensis.  Arch. Environ. Contain.
Toxicol. 13:85-92.

Hughes, J.S.  1973.  Acute Toxicity of Thirty Chemicals to
Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis).  Western Assoc. State Game Fish
Comm.,  Salt Lake City, UT.  July.

Kosalwat, P., and A.W. Knight.  1987.  Acute Toxicity of Aqueous
and Substrate-Bound Copper to the Midge, Chironomus decorus.
Arch. Environ.  Contam. Toxicol. 16:275-282.

Martin T.R., and D.M. Holdich.  1986.  The Acute Lethal Toxicity
of Heavy Metals to Peracarids Crustaceans  (with Particular
Reference to Fresh-Water Asellids and Gammarids).  Water Res.
20:1137-1147.

Palawski, D., J.B. Hunn, and F.J. Dwyer.  1985.  Sensitivity of
Young Striped Bass to Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Fresh
and Saline Waters.  Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 114:748-753.

Spehar, R.L., and J.T. Fiandt.  1986.  Acute and Chronic Effects
of Water Quality. Criteria-Based Metal Mixtures on Three Aquatic
Species.  Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:917-931.

U.S. EPA.  1985.  Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Copper.  EPA 440/5-84-031.  National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, VA.
                               E-9

-------
               GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE

             Tier 1 Aquatic  Life  Criterion  for Cyanide


No  new  acceptable acute  or  chronic  data  were  found for cyanide.
Therefore,  the  data  in the  existing criteria  document for cyanide
 (U.S. EPA  1985)  were used as  the basis for the derivation of  this
criterion.   The new  taxonomy  for salmonids was used (Table Fl),
but this did not' cause a change  in  the criterion for cyanide.


Criterion  Maximum Concentration  (CMC)

The Final  Acute Value  (FAV) was  calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values  given in Table Fl,  resulting in a FAV of
45.77 ug/L.  Because the SMAV of the commercially and
recreationally  important rainbow trout was 44.73 ug/L,  the FAV
was lowered to  44.73 ug/L.  The  CMC was  calculated by dividing
the FAV by 2, resulting  in  a  CMC of 22.36  ug  free cyanide (as
CN)/L.


Criterion  Continuous Concentration  (CCC)

Insufficient chronic toxicity data  were  available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value  (FCV) using  the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient  chronic data  were  available to  calculate  a FCV by
dividing the FAV by  the  Final  Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR).   Five
SMACRs  are  available (Table Fl), but  one was  a high  SMACR that
was  obtained with a  resistant  species; the other four were within
a factor of  1.5.  The FACR was calculated  as  the geometric mean
of  these four and was 8.568.   The FCV =  FAV/FACR =  (44.73
ug/L)/(8.568) =  5.221 ug/L.   This value  does  not need to  be
lowered to  protect a commercially or  recreationally  important
species of  the  Great Lakes System.  The  CCC was  5.221  ug  free
cyanide  (as CN)/L.


The  Criterion

The  procedures described  in the GLI Tier 1 methodology  indicate
that, except possibly where a  locally important  species is  very
sensitive,  aquatic organisms should not be affected  unacceptably
if  the  four-day average concentration of free  cyanide  (as  CN)
does not exceed  5.221 ug/L more than once  every  three years on
the  average and  if the one-hour average concentration does  not
exceed 22.36 ug/L more than once every three years on the
average.
                               F-l

-------
Table Fl.  Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Cyanide
        Genus Mean
        Acute Value
Rank*      (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
    (ug/L)
Species Mean
Acute-Chronic
    Ratio
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8


6
5
4
3
2
1
2490 Midge,
Tany tarsus dissimilis
2326 Isopod,
Asellus communis
432 Snail,
Physa heterostropha
426 Stonefly,
Pteronarcys dorsata
318 Goldfish,
Carassius Auratus
167 Amphipod,
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
147 Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
125.1 Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
123.6 Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
102 Largeinouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides
102 Black crappie,
Pomoxis nigromaculatus
99.28 Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
92.64 Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
90.00 Atlantic salmon,
Salmo salar
85.80 Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
44.73 Rainbow trout
2490
2326
432
426
318
167
147
125.1
160
95.55
T no
J.U.6
102
99.28
92.64
90.00
85.80
44.73
	
68.29**
	
	
	
9.111
	
7.633
	
-----

	
7.316
	
	
10.59
	
                       Oncorhynchus mykiss
                                      F-2

-------
*  Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
   Value.
** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
            Calculated FAV = 45.77 ug/L


            Lowered to protect rainbow trout:

                 FAV = 44.73 ug/L


            CMC = FAV/2 = 22.36 ug/L


            FACR = 8.568


            FCV = FAV/FACR = (44.73 ug/L)/(8.568)  = 5.221 ug/L = CCC
                                    F-3

-------
References
U.S. EPA.  1985.  Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Cyanide -
1984.  EPA 440/5-84-028.  National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA.1
                               F-4

-------
               GREAT LAKES  WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE

            Tier  1  Aquatic  Life  Criterion for Dieldrin


The new acceptable acute data for dieldrin are given in Table Gl;
no new acceptable chronic data were found.  These new data were
used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document
for dieldrin (U.S.  EPA 1980) to obtain the values given in Table
G2.  Although results from the following publications were used
in U.S. EPA (1980), they were not considered acceptable for use
here: Santharam et al.  (1976), Gaufin  (1965), and Jensen and
Gaufin (1964).


Criterion Maximum Concentration  (CMC)

The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table G2, resulting in a FAV of
0.4749 ug/L.  This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System.   The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2,
resulting in a CMC of 0.2374 ug/L.


Criterion Continuous Concentration  (CCC)

Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value  (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio  (FACR).  Two
SMACRs were given in Table G2; a third SMACR of 6.2 was given in
U.S. EPA (1980) for the saltwater mysid.  These three were within
a factor of 1.8.   The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean
of the three SMA'CRs and was 8.530.  The FCV = FAV/FACR = (0.4749
ug/L)/(8.530)  = 0.0557 ug/L.  This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species of the Great Lakes System.  The CCC was 0.0557 ug/L.


The Criterion

The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive,  aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of dieldrin does not exceed
0.0557 ug/L more than once every three years on the average and
if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed 0.2374 ug/L
more than once every three years on the average.
                               G-l

-------
Table Gl.   New Acute Values  for Dieldrin
Species
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Stonefly,
Claassenia sabulosa
Stonefly,
Pteronarcys californica
Stonefly,
Pteronarcella badia
Damself ly,
Ischnura verticalis
Annelid,
Lumbriculus variegatus
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss_
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Cutthroat trout,
Oncorhynchus clarki
Method*
S,M
S,U
S,U
s,u
s,u
s,u
FT,M
S,U
FT,M
S,U
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
Test
Duration
(hrs)
48
48
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
Acute
Value
(ug/L)
251
190
0.6
0.5
0.5
12
21.8
1.2**
0.62
3**
1.8
3.8
3.1
7
6.7
6
Reference
Daniels and
Allan 1981
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
U.S. EPA 1991
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Shubat and
Curtis 1986
Van Leeuwen
et al . 1985
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Sanders 1972
Cairns and
Scheier 1964
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
                                    G-2

-------
Table Gl.   (Cont.)


                                     Test      Acute
                                    Duration   Value
Species                  Method*      (hrs)      (ug/L)       Reference
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus S,U 96 4.5
Largemouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides S,U 96 3.5
Mayer and
Ellersieck
Mayer and
Ellersieck
1986
1986
*  S = static, FT = flow-through, u = unmeasured, M = measured.
** Not used in the calculation of the SMA.V because data were available  for
   this species from a "FT,M" test.
                                     G-3

-------
Table G2.  Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Dieldrin
       Genus Mean
       Acute Value
Rank*     (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean  Species Mean
Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
   (ug/L)          Ratio
 18      740      Crayfish,
                  Orconectes nais

 17      534      Amphipod,
                  Gammarus lacustris

                  Amphipod,
                  Gammarus fasciatus

 16      228      Cladoceran,
                  Daphnia pulex

 15      214      Cladoceran,
                  Simocephalus serrulatus

 14       21.8    Annelid,
                  Lumbriculus variegatus

 13       20      Glass shrimp
                  Palaemonetes kadiakensis

 12       17.7    Fathead minnow,
                  Pimephales promelas

 11       12      Damselfly,
                  Ischnura verticalis

 10        8.6    Goldfish,
                  Carassius auratus

  9        8.5    Pumpkinseed,
                  Lepomis gibbosus

                  Bluegill,
                  Lepomis macrochirus

                  Green sunfish,
                  Lepomis cyanellus

  8        5      Isopod,
                  Asellus brevicaudus

  7        4.5    Channel catfish,
                  Ictalurus punctatus

  6        4.5    Guppy,
                  Poecilia reticulata
                          740
                          460
                          620
                          228
                          214
                           21.8
                           20
                           17.7
                           12
                            8.6
                            6.7
                           11.5
                            8.1
                            4.5
                            4.5
                    9.1
                                      G-4

-------
Table G2.   (Cont.)
       Genus Mean
       Acute Value
Rank*     (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean  Species Mean
Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
   (ug/L)          Ratio
           3.5    Largemouth bass,
                  Micropterus salmoides

           0.62** Chinook salmon,
                  Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

                  Coho salmon,
                  Oncorhynchus kisutch

                  Cutthroat trout,
                  Oncorhynchus clarki

                  Rainbow trout,
                  Oncorhynchus mykiss

           0.6    Stonefly,
                  Claassenia sabulosa

           0.5    Stonefly,
                  Pteronarcys californica

           0.5    Stonefly,
                  Pteronarcella badia
                            3.5
                            6.1
                           10.8
                            0.62
                            0.6
                            0.5
                            0.5
                   11
*  Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
   Value.
** The GMAV was set. equal to the lowest SMAV due to the large range in the
   SMAVs in this genus.
            FAV = 0.4749 ug/L

            CMC = FAV/2 = 0.2374 ug/L

            FACR = 8.530

            FCV = FAV/FACR =  (0.4749 ug/L)/(8.530)
                            = 0.0557 ug/L = CCC
                                     G-5

-------
References
Cairns, J., Jr., and A. Scheier.  1964.  The Effect on the
Sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus, of Chronic Exposure to Lethal and
Sublethal Concentrations of Dieldrin.  Notulae Naturae 310:10

Daniels, R.E., and J.D. Allan.  1981.  Life Table Evaluation of
Chronic Exposure to a Pesticide.  Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
38:485-494.

Mayer, F.L., and M.R. Ellersieck.  1986.  Manual of Acute
Toxicity: Interpretation and Data Base for 410 Chemicals and 66
Species of Fresh-water Animals.  USDI Publication 160.

Sanders, H.O.  1972.  Toxicity of Some Insecticides to Four
Species of  Mala'costracan Crustaceans.  U.S. Bureau Sports
Fishery and Wildlife Tech. Paper 66.

Shubat, P.J., and L.R. Curtis.  1986.  Ration and Toxicant
Preexposure Influence on Dieldrin Accumulation by Rainbow Trout
(Salmo gairdneri).   Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:69-77.

U.S. EPA.  1980.  Ambient Water Quality Criteria for
Aldrin/Dieldrin. EPA-440/5-80-019.  National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, VA.

U.S. EPA.  1991.  Acute 96-hr Flow-Through Freshwater Exposures
with Endrin and Dieldrin using an Annelid  (Lumbriculus
variegatus).  Unpublished results.

Van Leeuwen, C.J.,  P.S. Griffioen, W.H.A. Vergouw, and J.L. Maas-
Diepeveen.  1985.  Differences in Susceptibility of Early Life
Stages of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) to Environmental
Pollutants.  Aquatic Toxicol. 7:59-78.
                               G-6

-------
               GREAT  LAKES  WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE

             Tier  1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Endrin


The new acceptable acute data for endrin are given in Table HI;
no new acceptable chronic data were found.  These new data were
used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document
for endrin (U.S. EPA 1980)  to obtain the values given in Table
H2.  Results in the following publications were used in U.S. EPA
(1980) but were not considered acceptable for use here: Katz and
Chadwick  (1961), Naqui and Ferguson (1968), Nebeker and Gaufin
(1964), Gaufin et al. (1965), Jensen and Gaufin  (1966), Post and
Schroeder (1971),  Mount  (1962), and Solon  (1969).


Criterion Maximum Concentration  (CMC)

The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table H2, resulting in a FAV of
0.1728 ug/L.   This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System.  The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2,
resulting in a CMC of 0.0864 ug/L.


Criterion Continuous Concentration  (CCC)

Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value  (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio  (FACR).  Four
ACRs were given in U.S.  EPA  (1980) but the ACR for the fathead
minnow was considered unacceptable for use here.  ACRs of 1.9 and
18 were determined with saltwater species, whereas an ACR of 3.3
was obtained with a freshwater species  (Table H2); the three were
within a factor of 9.5.   The FACR was calculated as the geometric
mean of the other three and was 4.833.  The FCV = FAV/FACR =
(0.1728 ug/L)/(4.833) = 0.03575 ug/L.   This value did not need to
be lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species of the Great Lakes System.  The CCC was 0.03575 ug/L.


The Criterion

The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of endrin does not exceed
0.03575 ug/L more than once every three years on the average and
if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed 0.0864 ug/L
more than once every three years on the average.

                               H-l

-------
Table HI.   New Acute Values for Endrin
Species
Method*
  Test    Acute
Duration  Value
 (hrs)    (ug/L)
Reference
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Annelid,
Lumbriculus variegatus
Snipe fly,
Atherix variegatus
Midge,
Tanytarsus dissimilis
Stone fly,
Acroneuria pacif ica
Crayfish,
Orconectes immunis
Damselfly,
Ischnura verticalis
Damselfly,
Ischnura verticalis
Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
Largemouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides
Black bullhead,
Ictalurus melas
S,U
S,U
S,U
S,U
S,U
S,M
S,U
s,u
FT,M
S,U
S,M
S,U
FT,M
S,U
S,U
FT,U
S,U
S,U
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
96
96
48
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
24
4.2
59
41
74
160
20
30
42.6
4.6
0.84
> 0.18**
89
2.4
2.1
0.15
0.31
1.1
Elnabarawy et al . 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Elnabarawy et al . 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Thurston et al . 1985
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Elnabarawy et al . 1986
U.S. EPA 1991
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Thurston et al . 1985
Mayer and Ellersieck 1985
Thurston et al . 1985
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
                                      H-2

-------
Table HI.   (Cont.)
Species
Method*
  Test    Acute
Duration  Value
 (hrs)    (ug/L)
Reference
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus.
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Mosquitof ish,
Gambusia affinis
Mosquitof ish,
Gambusia affinis
Carp,
Cyprinus carpio
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bullfrog tadpole,
Rana catesbeiana
S,U
S,U
FT,M
S,U
FT,M
FT,U
FT,M
S,U
FT,M
S,U
FT,M
FT,U
FT,M
FT,M
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
0.32*** Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
1.1*** Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
0.42 Thurston et al . 1985
0.75*** Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
0.3 Thurston et al . 1985
0.44*** Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
0.95 Thurston et al . 1985
1.8*** Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
0.65 Thurston et al . 1985
1.1*** Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
0.69 Thurston et al . 1985
0.32 Mayer and Ellersieck 1986
0.21 Thurston et al . 1985
2.5 Thurston et al . 1985
*   FT = flow-through, S = static, U = unmeasured, M = measured.
**  Not used in the calculation of the FAV because it is not appropriate to
    have one of the four lowest GMAVs be a "greater than" value.
*** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for
    this species from a "FT,M" test.
                                     H-3

-------
Table H2.   Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Endrin
       Genus Mean
       Acute Value
Rank*     (ug/L)
             Species
                            Species Mean  Species Mean
                            Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
                              (ug/L)           Ratio
 27
 26
 25
 24
 23
 22
 21
 20
 19
 18
64
53
43
38
34
24
 4.6
 3.0
 2.5
 2.1
 Mayfly,
 Hexagenia bilineata

 Crayfish,
.Orconectes nais

 Crayfish,
 Orconectes immunis

 Annelid,
 Lumbriculus variegatus

 Cladoceran,
 Daphnia magna

' Cladoceran,
 Daphnia pulex

 Cladoceran,
 Simocephalus serrulatus

 Cladoceran,
 Ceriodaphnia reticulata

 Snipe fly,
. Atherix variegatus

 Amphipod,
 Gammarus fasciatus

 Amphipod,
 Gammarus lacustris

 Bullfrog tadpole
 Rana catesbeiana

•Damselfly,
 Ischnura verticalis
64
32
                                                   89
43
59
                                                   24
34
24
 4.6
 3.1
                                                    3.0
                                                    2.5
 2.1
 17
 1.6      Guppy,
          Poecilia reticulata
                                 1.6
 16
 15
 14
 1.5      Isopod,
          Asellus brevicaudus

 1.3      Glass shrimp,
          Palaemonetes kadiakensis

 0.95     Goldfish,
          Carassius auratus
                                 1.5
                                 1.3
                                                    0.95
                                      H-4

-------
Table H2.   (Cont.)
       Genus Mean
       Acute Value
Rank*     (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean  Species Mean
Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
   (ug/L)          Ratio
13
12
11
10
8
7
g
5
4
3
2
1

0.85 Flagf ish,
Jordanella floridae
0.84 Midge,
Tanytarsus dissimilis
0.76 Stonefly,
Claassenia sabulosa
0.69 Mosquitof ish,
Gambusia affinis
Ictalurus melas
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
0.57 Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
0.54 Stonefly,
Pteronarcella badia
Pimephales promelas
Cyprinus carpio
' Micropterus salmoides
0 25 Stonefly
Pteronarcys californica
0 21 Bluegill
Lepomis macrochirus
Perca flavescens
0.85 3.3
0.84 	
0.76 	
0.69 	
IT
0.42 	
0.51 	
1 o 	
0.3 	
0.54 	
OA Q
OQ O
0-3 1
OO C 	 _ _ -
n 01 	
01 C 	

* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
  Value.
                                     H-5

-------
FAV = 0.1728 ug/L




CMC = FAV/2 = 0.0864 ug/L




FACR = 4.833




FCV = FAV/FACR = (0.1728 ug/L)/(4.833)  = 0.03575 ug/L = CCC
                         H-6

-------
References
Elnabarawy, M.T., A.N. Welter, and R.R.Robideau.  1986.  Relative
Sensitivity of Three Daphnid Species to Selected Organic and
Inorganic Chemicals.  Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398.

Mayer, F., and M.R. Ellersieck.  1986.  Manual of Acute Toxicity:
Interpretation and Data Base for 410 Chemicals and 66 Species of
Freshwater Animals.  USDI Publication 160.

Thurston, E.V., T.A Gilfoil, E.L Meyn, R.K. Zajdel, T.I. Aoki and
G.D. Veith.  1985.  Comparative Toxicity of Ten Organic Chemicals
to Ten Common Aquatic Species.  Water Res. 19:1145-1155.

U.S. EPA.  1980.  Ambient iWater Quality Criteria for Endrin.  EPA
440/5-80-047.  National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA.

U.S. EPA.  1991.  Acute 96-hr Flow-Through Freshwater Exposures
with Endrin and Dieldrin Using an Annelid  (Lumbriculus
variegatus).  Unpublished data.
                               H-7

-------
               GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE

            Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Lindane


The new acceptable acute data for lindane are given in Table II;
no new acceptable chronic data were found.  These new data were
used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document
for lindane  (U.S. EPA 1980) to obtain the values given in Table
12.


Criterion Maximum Concentration  (CMC)

The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute. Values given in Table 12, resulting in a FAV of
1.903 ug/L.  This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System.  The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2,
resulting in a CMC of 0.9515 ug/L.


Criterion Continuous Concentration  (CCC)

Three ACRs were given in U.S. EPA (1980) but the ACR for the
fathead minnow was considered unacceptable for use here.  No new
ACRs were available and so a FCV could not be calculated using
either the eight-family procedure or the FACR procedure.
Therefore, a CCC could not be determined.


The Criterion

The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate
that,  except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
by acute toxicity if the one-hour average concentration of
lindane does not exceed 0.9515 ug/L more than once every three
years on the average.
                               1-1

-------
Table II.  New Acute Values for Lindane
Species
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Amphipod,
Gammarus lacustris
Snail,
Lymnaea stagnalis
Stonefly,
Pteronarcys californicus
Stonefly,
Pteronarcys californicus
Damself ly,
Lestes congener
Backswimmer,
Notonecta undulata
Crawling water beetle,
Peltodytes sp.
Coho salmon,
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Lake trout ,
Salvelinus namaycush
Lake trout,
Salvelinus namaycush
Brown trout,
Salmo trutta
Brown trout,
Salmo trutta
Brown trout,
Salmo trutta
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
•
Method*
S,U
S,M
S,U
S,U
S,U
S,U
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
FT,U
FT,M
S,U
S,U

Test
Duration
(hrs)
48
48
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
1-2
Acute
Value
(ug/L)
516
1000
88
3.3
4.5
1
20
3
20
23
32
24
24
25
22
22
18**
24**

Reference
Randall
et al. 1979
Hermens
et al. 1984
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Bluzat and
Senge 1979
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Federle and
Collins 1976
Federle and
Collins 1976
Federle and
Collins 1976
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Tooby and
Durbin 1975
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986


-------
Table II.   (Cont)
Species
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
Fowlers toad,
Bufo woodhousei fowleri
Western chorus frog,
Pseudacris triseriata
Method*
S,U
S,U
FT,M
S,U
S,U
S,U
S,U
FT,U
FT,U
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
s,u
Test
Duration
(hrs)
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
Acute
Value
(ug/L)
31**
41**
30
57
56
70
83
23
77
67
86
90
105
49
3200
2650
Reference
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Tooby and
Durbin 1975
Randall
et al. 1979
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck, 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Macek and
McAllister 1970
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
Mayer and
Ellersieck 1986
*  S = static, FT = flow-through, U = unmeasured, M = measured.
** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were available for
   this species from a "FT,M" test.
                                     1-3

-------
Table 12.   Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Lindane
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*      (ug/L)
                         Species
Species Mean   Species Mean
Acute Value    Acute-Chronic
    (ug/L)          Ratio
23

22

21

20



19

18

17

16

15

14





13



12

11


3200

2650

676

538



207

138

117

90

72

71





55



40

35


Fowlers toad,
Bufo woodhousi fowleri
Western chorus frog,
Pseudacris triseriata
Cladoceran,
Simocephalus serrulatus
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex
Midge,
Chironomus tentans
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Carp,
Cyprinus carpio
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Redear sunfish,
Lepomis microlophus
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
Black bullhead,
Ictalurus melas
Yellow perch,
Perca flavescens
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Lake trout ,
3200 	

2650 	

676 	

630 33

460 -----

207 63

138 	 	

117 	

90 	

72 	

56 	

83 	

76 	

46 	

64 	

40 	

44 	

28 	
                      Salvelinus namaycush
                                     1-4

-------
Table 12.  (Cont.)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*      (ug/L)
           Species
Species Mean   Species Mean
Acute Value    Acute-Chronic
     (ug/L)         Ratio
 10
33      Rainbow trout,
        Oncorhynchus mykiss

        Coho salmon,
        Oncorhynchus kisutch

        Chinook salmon,
        Oncorhynchus tsawytscha

32      Largemouth bass,
        Micropterus salmoides

26.11   Amphipod,
        Gammarus fasciatus

        Amphipod,
        Gammarus lacustris

20   •   Damselfly,
        Lestes congener

20      Crawling water beetle,
        Peltodytes sp.

13      Brown trout,
        Salmo trutta

10      Isopod,
        Asellus brevicaudus

 3.3    Snail,
        Lymnaea stagnalis

 3      Backswimmer,
        Notonecta undulata

 2.1    Stonefly,
        Pteronarcys californicus
      26
                                                        36
                                                        40
                                                        32
                                                        10.49
                                                        65
                                                        20
                                                        20
                                                        13
                                                        10
                                                         3.3
                                                         2.1
* Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
  Value.
            FAV = 1.903 ug/L

            CMC = FAV/2 = 0.9515 ug/L
                                     1-5

-------
References
Bluzat, R., and J. Senge.  1979.  Effets de Trois insecticides
(lindane, Fenthion and carbaryl): Toxicite1 aigue sur gnatre
espece d1invertebres limneques: Toxicite1 chronique chez le
mollusque pulmone1 Lymnea.  Environ. Pollut. 18:51-70.

Federle, P.F, and W.J. Collins.  1976.  Insecticide Toxicity to
Three Insects from Ohio Ponds.  Ohio J. Sci. 76:19-24.

Hermens, J., H. Canton, M. Stezger, and R. Wagman.  1984.  Joint
Effects of a Mixture of 14 Chemicals on Mortality and Inhibition
of Reproduction of Daphnia magna.  Aquatic Toxicol. 5:315-322.

Macek, K.J., and W.A. McAllister.  1970.  Insecticide
Susceptibility of Some Common Fish Family Representatives.
Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 99:20-27.

Mayer, F.L., and M.R. Ellersieck.  1986.  Manual of Acute
Toxicity: Interpretation and Database for 410 Chemicals and 66
Species of Freshwater Animals.  U.S. Dept. Interior, Fish and
Wildlife Service.  Resource Pub. 160.

Randall, W.F., W.H. Dennis, and M.C. Warner.  1979.  Acute
Toxicity of Dechlorinated DDT, Chlordane and Lindane to Bluegill
(Lepomis macrochirus) and Daphnia magna.  Bull. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol. 31:459-466.

Tooby, T.E., and F.J. Durbin.  1975.  Lindane Residue
Accumulation and Elimination in Rainbow Trout  (Salmo gairdneri
Richardson) and Roach  (Rutilus rutilus Linneaus).  Environ.
Pollut. 8:79-89."

U.S. EPA.  1980.  Ambient Water Quality Criteria for
Hexachlorocyclohexane.  EPA 440/5-80-054.  National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, VA.
                               1-6

-------
               GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE

          Tier 1 Aquatic  Life Criterion for Mercury(II)


The new acceptable acute  data for mercury(II) are given in Table
Jl; no new chronic data were used.  These new data were used with
those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for
mercury(II) (U.S. EPA 1985) to obtain the values given in Table
J2.


Criterion Maximum Concentration  (CMC)

The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table J2, resulting in a FAV of
3.388 ug/L.  This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System.   The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2,
resulting in a CMC of 1.694 ug/L as total recoverable
mercury(II).


Criterion Continuous Concentration  (CCC)

Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value  (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio  (FACR).  ACRs
were given for two freshwater species and one saltwater species
in U.S. EPA (1985).  The ACR obtained with the more resistant
fathead minnow was much higher than the other two.  The ACR
obtained with the saltwater mysid was 3.095 and was similar to
the Species Mean Acute-Chronic Ratio of 4.498 for Daphnia magna.
The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of the two SMACRs
and was 3.731.  The FCV = FAV/FACR = (3.388 ug/L)/(3.731) =
0.9081 ug/L.  This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System.   The CCC was 0.9081 ug/L as total recoverable
mercury(II).


The Criterion

The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate
that,  except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive,  aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of mercury(II)  does not
exceed 0.9081  ug/L more than once every three years on the
average and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed
1.694 ug/L more than once every three years on the average.


                               J-l

-------
Table Ji.   New Acute Values for Mercury(II)
Species Method*
Cladoceran,
Ceriodaphnia reticulata S,U
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna, S,U
Cladoceran,
Daphnia pulex S,U
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis S,U
Midge ,
Chironomus riparius S,M
Mosquitof ish,
Gambusia af finis S,U
Walking catfish,
Clarias batrachus S,U
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas. FT,M
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata R,U
Acute
Value
(ug/L)
2.9
9.6
3.8
1.0**
750
230
375
172
26
Reference
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Elnabarawy
et al. 1986
Martin and
Holdich 1986
Rossaro
et al. 1986
Paulose 1988
Kirubagaran
and Joy 1988
Spehar and
Fiandt 1986
Khangarot
and Ray 1987
*  S = static, R = renewal, FT = flow-through, U = unmeasured, M = measured.
** Not used in the derivation of the criterion because the corresponding 48-
   hr LC50 is 470 ug/L, which is an unusually large decrease in the LC50 from
   48 to 96 hours.
                                     J-2

-------
Table J2.   Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Mercury(II)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*      (ug/L)
              Species
Species Mean  Species Mean
Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
    (ug/L)         Ratio
 29
 28
 27
 26
 25
 24
 23
 22
 21
 20
 19
 18
 17
 16
 15
2000      Stonefly,
          Acroneuria lycorias

2000      Mayfly,
          Ephemerella subvaria

2000      Caddisfly,
          Hydropsyche betteni

1200      Caddisfly,
          (Unidentified)

1200   '   Damselfly,
          (Unidentified)

1000      Worm,
          Nais sp.

1000      Mozambique tilapia
          Tilapia mossambica

 406.2    Tubificid worm,
          Spirosperma ferox

          Tubificid worm,
          Spirosperma nikolskyi

 375      Walking catfish,
          Clarias batrachus

 370      Snail,
          Aplexa hypnorum

 257   •   Coho salmon,
          Oncorhynchus kisutch

          Rainbow trout,
          Oncorhynchus mykiss

 250      Tubificid worm,
          Quistadrilus multisetosus

 240      Tubificid worm,
          Rhyacodrilus montana

 203      Mosquitofish,
          Gambusia affinis

 180      Tubificid worm,
          Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri
   2000


   2000


   2000


   1200


   1200


   1000


   1000


    330


    500


    375


    370


    240


    275


    250


    240


    203


    180
                                     J-3

-------
Table J2.   (Cont.)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*       (ug/L)
                          Species
                                      Species Mean  Species Mean
                                      Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
                                         (ug/L)          Ratio
 14
 13
 12
 11
 10
163      Fathead minnow,
         Pimephales promelas

160      Bluegill,
         Lepomis macrochirus

140      Tubificid worm,
         Tubifex tubifex

140      Tubificid worm,
         Stylodrilus heringianus

122***   Midge,
         Chironomus sp.

         Midge,
         Chironomus riparius

100   .   Tubificid worm,
         Varichaeta pacifica

 80      Tubificid worm,
         Branchiura sowerbyi

 80      Snail,
         Amnicola sp.

 50      Crayfish,
         Orconectes limosus

 28      Guppy,
         Poecilia reticulata

 20      Crayfish,
         Faxonella clypeatus

 10      Amphipod,
         Gammarus sp.

  3.3 _   Cladoceran,
         Daphnia magna

         Cladoceran,
         Daphnia pulex

  2.9    Cladoceran,
         Ceriodaphnia reticulata
                                                       163


                                                       160


                                                       140


                                                       140


                                                        20


                                                       750


                                                       100


                                                        80


                                                        80


                                                        50


                                                        28


                                                        20


                                                        10


                                                         3.7


                                                         2.9


                                                         2.9
                                                                  > 649.2**
                                                                     4.498
*   Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
    Value.
**  Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
                                     J-4

-------
*** This GMAV was not set equal to the lowest SMAV because the species was
    not identified.


            FAV = 3.388 ug/L

            CMC = FAV/2 = 1.694 ug/L

            FACR = 3.731

            FCV ='FAV/FACR =  (3.388 ug/L)/(3.731) = 0.9081 ug/L = CCC
                                    J-5

-------
References


Elnabarawy, M.T., A.N. Welter, and R.R. Robideau.  1986.
Relative Sensitivity of Three Daphnia Species to Selected Organic
and Inorganic Chemicals.  Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:393-398.

Khangarot, B.S., and P.K. Ray.  1987.  Studies on the Acute
Toxicity of Copper and Mercury Alone and in Combination to the
Common Guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Peters).  Arch. Hydrobiol.
110:303-314.

Kirubagaran, R., and K.P. Joy.  1988.  Toxic Effects of Three
Mercurial Compounds on Survival and Histology of the Kidney of
the Catfish Clarias batrachus  (L.).   Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety
15:171-179.

Martin, T.R., and D.M. Holdich.  1986.  The Acute Lethality of
Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans  (with Particular Reference
to Fresh-Water Asellids and Gammarids).  Water Res. 20:1137-1147.

Paulose, P.V.   1988.  Comparative Study of Inorganic and Organic
Mercury Poisoning on Selected Freshwater Organisms.  J. Environ.
Biol. 9:203-206.

Rossaro, B., G.F. Gaggino, and R. Marchetti.  1986.  Accumulation
of Mercury in Larvae and Adults, Chironomus riparius (Meigen).
Bull. Environ.  Contam. Toxicol. 37:402-406.

Spehar, R.L., and J.T. Fiandt.  1986.  Acute and Chronic Effects
of Water Quality Criteria-Based Metal Mixtures on Three Aquatic
Species.  Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:917-931.

U.S. EPA.  1985.  Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Mercury  -
1984.  EPA 440/5-84-026.  National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA..
                               J-6

-------
               GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE

             Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Nickel


The new acceptable acute data for nickel are given in Table Kl;
no new acceptable chronic data were found.  These data were used
with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for
nickel (U.S. EPA 1986) to obtain the values given in Table K2.
Some of the SMAVs in Table K2 differ from those given in Table 3
in U.S. EPA  (1986) because preference was given to "FT,M" tests
in Table K2.  Because the toxicity of nickel is hardness -
dependent, all acute values in Table K2 have been adjusted to a
hardness of 50 mg/L.


Criterion Maximum Concentration  (CMC)

The Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values in Table K2, resulting in an FAV of 522
ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L.  This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species of the Great Lakes System.  The CMC was calculated by
dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 261 ug/L, as total
recoverable nickel, at a hardness of 50 mg/L.  The CMC was
related to hardness using the slope of 0.846 that was derived in
U.S. EPA  (1986):

                       0.846(In hardness) +2.255
                CMC = e
Criterion Continuous Concentration  (CCC)

Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR).  SMACRs
were available for two freshwater species and one saltwater
species (U.S. EPA 1986).  The saltwater ACR was 5.478 and the
three are within a factor of 6.5.  The FACR was calculated as the
geometric mean of the three ACRs and was 17.99.  The FCV =
FAV/FACR = (522 ug/L)/(17.99)  = 29.02 ug/L at a hardness of 50
mg/L.  This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System.  Thus the CCC was 29.02 ug/L, as total recoverable
nickel, at a hardness of 50 mg/L.  The CCC was related to
hardness using the slope of 0.846:

                       0.846(In hardness) +0.0584
                   •— 6

                               K-l

-------
The Criterion

The procedures described in the GLI tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of nickel does not exceed
the numerical value (in ug/L)  given by the equation

                       0.846 (In hardness) +0.0584
                CCC = e

more than once every three years on the average and if the
one-hour average concentration does not exceed the numerical
value (in ug/L) given by the equation

                       0.846(In hardness) +2.255
                CMC =  e

more than once every three years on the average.
                               K-2

-------
Table Kl.  New Acute Values for Nickel
                                                      Adjusted
Species Method*
Snail, FT,U
Physa gyrina
Amphipod, S , U
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Midge, (1st instar) S,U
Chironomus riparis
Midge, {1st instar) S,U
Chironomus riparis
Midge, (1st instar) S,U
Chironomus riparis
Midge, (2nd instar) S,U
Chironomus riparis***
Midge, (2nd instar) S,U
Chironomus riparis***
Midge, (2nd instar) S,U
Chironomus riparis***
Hardness
(mg/L as
CaCO3)
26
50
55
55
55
55
55
55
Acute
Value
(ug/L)
239
66,100
72,400
81,300
84,900
184,000
150,000
174,000
Acute
Value
(ug/L) **
416
66,100
66,791
75,002
78,323
169,746
138,380
160,521
Reference
Nebeker
et al. 1986
Martin and
Holdich 1986
Fowl es land and
George 1986
Powlesland and
George 1986
Powlesland and
George 1986
Powlesland and
George 1986
Powlesland and
George 1986
Powlesland and
George 1986
*   S = static, FT = flow-through, U = unmeasured.
**  Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using a slope of 0.846.
*** Not used in the calculation of the SMAV because data were  available for a
    more sensitive life stage.
                                     K-3

-------
Table K2.   Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Nickel
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*     (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean   Species Mean
Acute Value    Acute-Chronic
   (ug/L)**         Ratio
21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10



9

8

7

6


73208

66100

43250

40460

30200

21320

21200

14100

13380

13000

12770

12756



12180

9839

9661

8697


Midge ,
Chironomus riparis
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Banded killifish,
Fundulus diaphanus
Stonef ly,
Acroneuria lycorias
Caddisfly
Unidentified sp.
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Damself ly,
Unidentified sp.
Worm,
Nais sp.
Rainbow trout.
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Amphipod,
Gammarus sp .
Snail,
Amnicola sp .
Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
American eel,
Anguilla rostrata
Common carp ,
Cyprinus carpio
Guppy,
Poecilia reticulata
White perch,
Morone americana
Striped bass.
73208

66100

43250

40460

30200

21320

21200

14100

13380

13000

12770

7544

21570

12180

9839

9661

12790

5914


	 „ 	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	
                      Morone saxatilis
                                     K-4

-------
Table K2.   (Cent.)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*       (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean   Species Mean
Acute Value    Acute-Chronic
   (ug/L)**         Ratio
            6707      Fathead minnow,
                      Pimephales promelas

            4636      Mayfly,
                      Ephemerella subvaria

            4312      Rock bass,
                      Ambloplites rupestris

            1500      Cladoceran,
                      Daphnia pulicaria

                      Cladoceran,
                      Daphnia magna

             416   '   Snail,
                      Physa gyrina
                            6707
                            4636
                            4312
                            2042
                            1102
                             416
                   35.58
                   29.86
*  Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
   Value.
** At hardness = 50 mg/L.
At hardness =50 mg/L:

   FAV =522 ug/L

   CMC = FAV/2 = 261 ug/L

As a function of hardness:
                       CMC = e
                              0.846 (In hardness) +2.255
FACR = 17.99


At hardness =50 mg/L:

   FCV = FAV/FACR =  (522 ug/L)/(17.99) = 29.02 ug/L = CCC

As a function of hardness:

                              0 .846(In hardness)  +0.0584
                      CCC = e
                                     K-5

-------
References
Martin, T.R., and D.M. Holdich.  1986.  The Acute Lethal Toxicity
of Heavy Metals to Peracarid Crustaceans (with Particular
Reference to Freshwater Asellids and Gammarids).   Water Res.
20:1137-1147.

Nebeker, A.V.,  A. Stinchfield, C, Savonen,  and G.A. Chapman.
1986.  Effects of Copper, Nickel, and Zinc on Three Species of
Oregon Freshwater Snails.  Environ. Toxicol.  Chem. 5:807-811

Powlesland, C., and J. George.  1986.  Acute and Chronic Toxicity
of Nickel to Larvae of Chironomus riparis  (Meigan).  Environ.
Poll.,  (Series A).  42:47-64.

U.S. EPA.  1987.  Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Nickel.  EPA 440/5-86-004.  National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, VA.
                               K-6

-------
               GREAT LAKES  WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE

           Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Parathion


No new acceptable acute or chronic data for parathion were found.
Therefore, the data given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria
document for parathion  (U.S. EPA 1985) were used to obtain the
values given in Table LI.


Criterion Maximum Concentration  (CMC)

Some of the Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table 3 of U.S. EPA
(1985) were changed because of the new taxonomy for salmonids and
because only one value was calculated for the genus Chironomus;
these changes did not affect the FAV.  The Final Acute Value
(FAV) was calculated using the four lowest Genus Mean Acute
Values given in Table LI, resulting in a FAV of 0.1299 ug/L.
This value did not need to be lowered to protect a commercially
or recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System.
The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a
CMC of 0.06495 ug/L.


Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)

Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value  (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR).   Three
Species Mean ACRs were available (Table LI).  The ACRs obtained
with the resistant fishes were much higher than that obtained
with the sensitive cladoceran.  To make the FACR appropriate for
sensitive species, it was set equal to the ACR of 10.10 obtained
with the cladoceran.  The FCV = FAV/FACR = (0.1299 ug/L)/(10.10)
= 0.01286 ug/L.  This value did not need to be lowered to protect
a commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System.  The CCC was 0.01286 ug/L.


The Criterion

The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of parathion does not
exceed 0.01286 ug/L more than once every three years on the
average and if the one-hour average concentration does not exceed
0.06495 ug/L more than once every three years on the average.
                               L-l

-------
Table LI.   Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Parathion
Rank*
31

30

29

28

27



26

25



24

23

22

21



20

19

18

17
Genus Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
5,230

5,230

2,650

2,223

1,838



1,510

1,486



1,130

1,000

839.6
'
688.7



620

320

<250

56
Species
Tubificid worm,
Tubifex sp.
Tubificid worm,
Limnodrilus sp .
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis
Lake trout
Salvelinus namaycush
Brown trout,
Salmo trutta
Cutthroat trout ,
Oncorhynchus clarki
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus gairdneri
Isopod,
Asellus brevicaudus
Western chorus frog,
Pseudacris triseriata
Fathead minnow.
Pimephales promelas
Green sunfish,
Lepomis cyanellus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Largemouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides
Mosquitof ish,
Gambusia affinis
Crayfish,
Procambarus sp .
Guppy,
Species Mean
Acute Value
(ug/L)
5,230

5,230

2,650

2,223

1,760

1,920

1,510

1,560

1,415

1,130

1,000

839.6

930

510

620

320

<250

56
Species Mean
Acut e - Chron i c
Ratio


	

	
























79.45**



2121**

	

	

	

	
                        Poecilia reticulata
                                     L-2

-------
Table  LI.  (Cont.)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*       (ug/L)
              Species
Species Mean    Species Mean
Acute Value     Acute-Chronic
    (ug/L)           Ratio
 16
 15
 14
 13
15        Mayfly,
          Hexagenia bilineata

 7.0      Beetle,
          Peltodytes spp.

 5.4      Stonefly,
          Pteronarcys californica

 4.2      Stonefly,
          Pteronarcella badia
                                                       15
                                                        7.0
                                                        5.4
                                                        4.2
 12
 11
 10
  7


  6
  3


  2
 3.0      Damselfly,                      3.0
          Lestes congener

 2.9  '    Stonefly,                       2.9
          Acroneuria pacifica

 2.739    Prawn,                          2.739
          Palaemonetes kadiakensis

 2.227    Mayfly,                         2.227
          Cloeon dipterum

1.697***  Midge,                         31
          Chironomus tentans

          Midge,                          1.697
          Chironomus riparius

 1.5      Stonefly,                       1.5
          Claassenia sabulosa

 1.127    Amphipod,                       0.3628
          Gammarus fasciatus

          Amphipod,                       3.5
          Gammarus lacustris

 0.8944   Phantom midge,                  0.8944
          Chaoborus sp.

 0.7746   Cladoceran,                     1.0
          Daphnia magna

          Cladoceran,                     0.60
          Daphnia pulex

 0.64     Damselfly,                      0.64
          Ischnura verticalis

 0.47     Cladoceran,                     0.47
          Simocephalus serrulatus
                                                                     10.10
                                     L-3

-------
Table  LI.  (Cont.)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*       (ug/L)
                            Species
                           Species Mean
                           Acute Value
                              (ug/L)
Species Mean
Acute-Chronic
    Ratio
             0.04
Crayfish,
Orconectes nais
                                                       0.04
*   Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
    Value.
**  Not used in the- calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
*** This GMAV was set equal to the lower SMAV due to the large range in  the
    SMAVs in this genus.
             FAV =  0.1299  ug/L

             CMC =  FAV/2 = 0.06495 ug/L

             FACR = 10.10

             FCV =  FAV/FACR =  (0.1299  ug/L)/(10.10)
                            = 0.01286 ug/L = CCC
                                      L-4

-------
References
U.S. EPA.  1986.  Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Parathion - 1986.  EPA 440/5-86-007.  National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, VA.
                               L-5

-------
               GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE

       Tier 1 Aquatic Life Criterion for Pentachlorophenol


No new acceptable acute or chronic data for pentachlorophenol
were found.  Therefore, the data given in Tables 1 and 2 of the
criteria document for pentachlorophenol  (U.S. EPA 1986) were used
to obtain the values given in Table Ml.  Because the toxicity of
pentachlorophenol is pH-dependent, all acute values in Table Ml
have been adjusted to a pH of 6.5.


Criterion Maximum Concentration  (CMC)

Some of the Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table 3 of U.S. EPA
(1985) were changed because of the new taxonomy for salmonids and
because the values for Jordanella floridae and Rana catesbeiana
had been incorrectly adjusted to a pH of 6.5 and because the SMAV
for Gammarus pseudolimnaeus had been calculated incorrectly.  The
Final Acute Value (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table Ml, resulting in a FAV of
10.56 ug/L at a pH of 6.5.  This value did not need to be lowered
to protect a commercially or recreationally important species of
the Great Lakes System.  The CMC was calculated by dividing the
FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 5.28 ug/L at a pH of 6.5.  The
CMC was related to pH using the slope of 1.005 that was derived
in U.S. EPA (1986) :

                            1.005 (pH) - 4.869
                     CMC = e       F


Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC)

Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value  (FCV)  using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio  (FACR).  Six
Species Mean ACRs were available (Table Ml), but two of them were
"greater than" values.  The range of the other four was less than
a factor of 6.  The FACR was calculated as the geometric mean of
the four similar SMACRs and was 2.608.  The FCV = FAV/FACR =
(10.56 ug/L)/(2.608) = 4.049 ug/L at a pH of 6.5.  This value did
not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or
recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System.  The
CCC was 4.049 ug/L at a pH of 6.5.  The CCC was related to pH
using the slope of 1.005:

                            1.005 (pH) - 5.134
                     CCC = e       *
                               M-l

-------
The Criterion

The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of pentachlorophenol does
not exceed the numerical value (in ug/L) given by the equation

                            1.005 (pH) - 5.134
                    CCC = e       *

more than once every three years on the average and if the
one-hour average concentration does not exceed the numerical
value (in ug/L) given by the equation

                            1.005(pH) - 4.869
                    CMC = e

more than once every three years on the average.
                               M-2

-------
Table Ml.   Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Pentachlorophenol
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*     (ug/L)**
               Species
Species Mean  Species Mean
Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
  (ug/L)**        Ratio
 32
 31
 30
 29
 28
 27
 26
 25


 24


 23


 22


 21


 20


 19


 18
>43920      Crayfish,                      >43920
            Orconectes immunis

 11260      Midge,                          11260
            Tanytarsus dissimilis

 10610      Sciomyzid,                      10610
            Sepedon fuscipennis

   417.7    Tubificid worm,                   417.7
            Rhyacodrilus montana

   408.2 •   Tubificid worm,                   408.2
            Stylodrilus heringianus

   403.2    Snail,                            403.2
            Gilila  altilis

   361.6    Tubificid worm,                   239.5
            Spirosperma ferox

            Tubificid worm,                   545.8
            Spirosperma nikoiskyl

   317.5    Tubificid worm,                   317.5
            Quistadrilus multisetosus

   306.7    Flagfish,                         306.7
            Jordanella floridae

   224.2    Tubificid worm,                   224.2
            Tubifex tubifex

   195.4 .   Guppy,                            195.4
            Poecilia reticulata

   182.5    Tubificid worm,                   182.5
            Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri

   172.1    Amphipod,                         172.1
            Crangonyx pseudogracilis

   155.9    Tubificid worm,                   155.9
            Branchiura sowerbyi

   132.1    Snail,                            132.1
            Physa gyrina
                                                                   >10.27***
                                     M-3

-------
Table Ml.  (Cont.)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*     (ug/L)**
             Species
Species Mean  Species Mean
Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
   (ug/L)**        Ratio
 17
 16
 15
 14
 13
 12
 11
 10
105.0     Largemouth bass,
          Micropterus salmoides

 91.48 .   Amphipod,
          Gammarus pseudolimnaeus

 87.48    Amphipod,
          Hyalella azteca

 78.10    Cladoceran,
          Daphnia pulex

          Cladoceran,
          Daphnia magna

 67.13    Cladoceran,
          Ceriodaphnia reticulata

 65.53    Goldfish,
          Carassius auratus

 63.11    Fathead minnow,
          Pimephales promelas

 60.50 _   Mosquitofish,
          Gambusia affinis

 60.43    Snail,
          Aplexa hypnorum

 58.47    Tubificid worm,
          Varichaeta pacifica

 57.72    Cladoceran,
          Simocephalus vetulus

 56.41    Bluegill,
          Lepomis macrochirus

 34.13    Brook trout,
          Salvelinus fontinalis

 33.91    Bullfrog,
          Rana catesbeiana
    105.0


     91.48


     87.48


     90.83


     67.15


     67.13


     65.53


     63.11


     60.50


     60.43


     58.47


     57.72


     56.41


     34.13


     33.91
                                                                      2.5
                                                                    >15.79***
                                                                     4.535
                                                                    0.8945
                                     M-4

-------
Table Ml.  (Cont.)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*     (ug/L)**
Species
Species Mean  Species Mean
Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
   (ug/L)**        Ratio
            31.26     Rainbow trout,
                      Oncorhynchus mykiss

                      Coho salmon,
                      Oncorhynchus kisutch

                      Sockeye salmon,
                      Oncorhynchus nerka

                      Chinook salmon,
                      Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

            26.54     Channel catfish,
                      Ictalurus punctatus

             4.355    Common carp,
                      Cyprinus carpio
                              35.34
                              31.82
                              32.85
                              25.85
                              26.54
                               4.355
                  4.564
*   Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
    Value.
**  At pH = 6.5.
*** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
At pH = 6.5:

          FAV  =  10.56 ug/L

          CMC  =  FAV/2 =5.28 ug/L

As a function of pH:


                           CMC = e
        1.005 (pH)  - 4.869
FACR = 2.608


At pH = 6.5:

          FCV  =  FAV/FACR  =  (10.56 ug/L)/(2.608)  =  4.049  ug/L  =  CCC

As a function of pH;

                                  1.005 (pH)  - 5.134
                           CCC = e
                                     M-5

-------
References
U.S. EPA.  1986.  Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Pentachloropheno-l.   EPA 440/5-88-009.  National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, VA.
                               M-6

-------
              GREAT LAKES WATER  QUALITY  INITIATIVE

            Tier  1 Aquatic Life Criterion for  Selenium
The new acceptable acute data for selenium are given in Table 01;
no new acceptable chronic data were found.  These new data were
used with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document
for selenium (U.S. EPA 1987) to obtain the values'given in Tables
02 and 03.
Selenium(IV):

Criterion Maximum Concentration  (CMC)

The Final Acute Value  (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table 02, resulting in a FAV of
371.8 ug/L.  This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System.  The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2,
resulting in a CMC of 185.9 ug/L.

Criterion Continuous Concentration  (CCC)

Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value  (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio  (FACR).  Four
Species Mean ACRs were available  (Table 02), but the one
determined with the acutely resistant species was higher than the
other three; the three were within a factor of 2.4.  The FACR was
calculated as the geometric mean of the three and was 7.998.  The
FCV = FAV/FACR = (371.8 ug/L)/(7.998) = 46.49 ug/L.  As in U.S.
EPA  (1987), this value was lowered to 27.6 ug/L to protect the
commercially and recreationally important rainbow trout.  The CCC
was 27.6 ug/L.


Selenium(VI):

Criterion Maximum Concentration  (CMC)

The Final Acute Value  (FAV) was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values given in Table 03, resulting in a FAV of
25.066 ug/L.  This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the Great
Lakes System.  The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV by 2,
resulting in a CMC of 12.533 ug/L.

Criterion Continuous Concentration  (CCC)
                               N-l

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Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio (FACR).  Three
Species Mean ACRs were available (Table 03),  and they increased
as the acute sensitivities of the species increased.  To make the
FACR appropriate for sensitive species, it was set equal to the
SMACR of 2.651 for the sensitive Daphnia magna.  The FCV =
FAV/FACR = (25.0-66 ug/L) / (2.651) = 9.455 ug/L.  This value did
not need to be lowered to protect a commercially or
recreationally important species of the Great Lakes System.  The
CCC was 9.455 ug/L.


Total selenium:

As discussed in U.S. EPA (1987) , field studies conducted on
Belews Lake in North Carolina suggested that selenium might be
more toxic to certain species of freshwater fish than had been
observed in laboratory chronic toxicity tests.  Based upon these
field studies and some laboratory studies, the CCC for total
selenium was set at 5 ug/L.  The Final Acute-Chronic Ratio for
total selenium was calculated as the geometric mean of the six
ACRs in Tables 02 and 03 that are between 2.5 and 16.5 and was
7.737.  The FAV was calculated by multiplying the CCC by the FACR
and was 38.68 ug/L.  The CMC was calculated by dividing the FAV
by 2, resulting in a CMC of 19.34 ug/L as total recoverable
selenium.
The Criterion

The procedures described in the GLI Tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatj-c organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the four-day average concentration of selenium does not exceed
5 ug/L more than once every three years on the average and if the
one-hour average concentration does not exceed 19.34 ug/L more
than once every three years on the average.
                               N-2

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Table Ol.   New Acute Values for Selenium
Species
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Cladoceran,
Daphnia magna
Acute Value
Method* Chemical (ug/L)
S,U Na-selenite 680
[Selenium (IV)]
S,U Na-selenate 750
[Selenium (VI)]
Reference
Johnston 1987
Johnston 1987
* S = static,  U = unmeasured.
                                     N-3

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Table O2.   Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Selenium(IV)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*      (ug/L)
              Species
                           Species Mean
                           Acute Value
                               (ug/L)
            Species Mean
            Acute-Chroni c
                Ratio
 22
 21
 20
 19
 18
 17
 16
 15
 14
 13
203000
42500
35000
34910
30176
28500
26100
25934
'24100
13600
12
11
10
9
12600
11700
10490
10200
            6500
            2704
            1796
Leech,
Nephelopsis obscure

Midge,
Tanytarsus dissimilis

Common carp,
Cyprinus carpio

Snail,
Aplexa hypnorum
Catostomus commersoni

Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus

Goldfish,
Carassius auratus

Midge,
Chironomus plumosus

Snail,
Physa sp.

Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
           Gambusia affinis

           Yellow Perch,
           Perca flavescens

           Rainbow Trout,
           Oncorhynchus mykiss

           Brook trout,
           Salvelinus fontinalis

           Flagfish,
           Jordanella floridae

           Amphipod,
           Gammarus pseudolimnaeus

           Cladoceran,
           Daphnia magna

           Cladoceran,
           Daphnia pulex
                                                     30176
26100


25934


24100


13600
                               11700


                               10490


                               10200


                                6500


                                2704


                                 834


                                3870
                                                                     141.5**
                                                                     13.31
                                                                     5.586
                                     N-4

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Table O2.   (Cont.)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*      (ug/L)
Species
Species Mean
Acute Value
    (ug/L)
Species Mean
Acute-Chronic
    Ratio
            1783      Striped bass,
                      Morone saxatilis

            1700      Hydra,
                      Hydra sp.

            1601      Fathead minnow,
                      Pimephales promelas

            <603.6    Cladoceran,
                      Ceriodaphnia affinis

             340      Amphipod,
                      Hyalella azteca
                            1783
                            1700
                            1601
                            <603.6
                             340
                    6.881
*  Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
   Value.
** Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
            FAV = 371.8 ug/L

            CMC = FAV/2 = 185.9 ug/L

            FACR = 7.998

            FCV = FAV/FACR =  (371.8 ug/L)/(7.998) = 46.49 ug/L

            Lowered to protect rainbow trout:

                 FCV =27.6 ug/L = CCC
                                     N-5

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Table O3.   Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Selenium(VI)
Rank*
Genus Mean
Acute Value
   (ug/L)
   Species
                          Species Mean
                          Acute Value
                             (ug/L)
Species Mean
Acute-Chronic
    Ratio
 11
 10
  442000
  193000
            66000
            63000
            47000
            20000
             7300
             5500
              760
              550.1
Leech,
Hephelopsis obscura

Snail,
Aplexa hypnorum

Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus

Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus

Rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss

Midge,
                             442000


                             193000


                              66000


                              63000


                              47000


                              20000
Paratanytarsus parthenogeneticus

                               7300
               65
              Hydra,
              Hydra sp.

              Fathead minnow,
              Pimephales promelas

              Amphipod,
              Hyalella azteca

              Cladoceran,
              Daphnia magna

              Cladoceran,
              Daphnia pulicaria
         ,38   Amphipod,
              Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
                               5500
                                760
                               1230
                                                       246
                                                            16.26
                                              9.726
                                              2.651
                                 65.38
*  Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
   Value.
             FAV = 25.066 ug/L

             CMC = FAV/2  = 12.533  ug/L

             FACR = 2.651

             FCV = FAV/FACR = (25.066 ug/L)/(2.651)  = 9.455 ug/L = CCC
                                      N-6

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References
Johnston, P.A.  1987.  Acute Toxicity of Inorganic Selenium to
Daphnia magna (Straus)  and the Effect of Sub-acute Exposure upon
Growth and Reproduction.  Aquatic Toxicol. 10:335-352.

U.S. EPA.  1987.  Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Selenium.  EPA 440/5-87-006.  National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, VA.
                               N-7

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              GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY  INITIATIVE

             Tier  1 Aquatic  Life  Criterion  for Zinc


The new acceptable acute data for zinc are given in Table PI; no
new acceptable chronic data were found.  These data were used
with those given in Tables 1 and 2 of the criteria document for
zinc (U.S. EPA 1987)  to obtain the values given in Table P2.
Because the toxicity of zinc is hardness-dependent,  all acute
values in Table P2 have been adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L.


Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC)

The Final Acute Value  (FAV)  was calculated using the four lowest
Genus Mean Acute Values in Table P2, resulting in an FAV of 133.2
ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L.  This value did not need to be
lowered to protect a commercially or recreationally important
species of the Great Lakes System.  The CMC was calculated by
dividing the FAV by 2, resulting in a CMC of 66.6 ug/L, as total
recoverable zinc, at a hardness of 50 mg/L.  The CMC was related
to hardness using the slope of 0.8473 that was derived in U.S.
EPA (1987):

                       0.8473 (In hardness) +0.884
                CMC = e
Criterion Continuous Concentration  (CCC)

Insufficient chronic toxicity data were available to calculate a
Final Chronic Value  (FCV) using the eight-family procedure.
Sufficient chronic data were available to calculate a FCV by
dividing the FAV by the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio  (FACR).  SMACRs
were available for seven species  (Table P2), but three were for
resistant species and one was a "less than" value.  The  other
three were within a factor of 10.4.  The FACR was calculated as
the geometric mean of the three SMACRs and was 1.994.  According
to the GLI tier 1 methodology, the  FACR cannot be less than 2.
The FCV = FAV/FACR =  (133.2 ug/L)/(2) =66.6 ug/L at a hardness
of 50 mg/L.  This value did not need to be lowered to protect a
commercially or recreationally important species of the  Great
Lakes System.  Thus the CCC was 66.6 ug/L, as total recoverable
zinc, at a hardness of 50 mg/L and  equals the CMC.  The  CCC was
related to hardness using the slope of 0.8473:

                       0 . 8473 (In hardness ) + 0 . 884
                CCC = e

When it equals the CMC, the CCC is  irrelevant because the CMC has
a shorter averaging period.

                               0-1

-------
The Criterion

The procedures described in the GLI tier 1 methodology indicate
that, except possibly where a locally important species is very
sensitive, aquatic organisms should not be affected unacceptably
if the one-hour average concentration of zinc does not exceed the
numerical value (in ug/L)  given by the equation

                       0.8473 (In hardness) +0.884
                CMC = e

more than once every three years on the average.
                               0-2

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Table PI.   New Acute Values for Zinc

                                                    Adjusted
                               Hardness    Acute     Acute
                               (mg/L as    Value     Value
Species            Method*      CaC03)     (ug/L)     (ug/L)**      Reference
Frog, S,M 100
Xenopus laevis
Cladoceran, S,U 300
Daphnia magna
34500 19176 Dawson
et al. 1988
1100 241 Berglind and
Dave 1984
*  S = Static, M = measured, U = unmeasured.
** Adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/L using slope = 0.8473.
                                     0-3

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Table P2.   Ranked Genus Mean Acute Values for Zinc.
Rank*
Genus Mean
Acute Value
  (ug/L)**    Species
Species Mean  Species Mean
Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
  (ug/L)**         Ratio
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29

28
27
26

25
24
23
22
88960
19800
19176
18400
17940
16820
13630
10560

10250
9712
8157

8100
7233
6580
6053
Damself ly,
Argia sp.
Amphipod,
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Frog,
Xenopus laevis
Worm,
Nais sp.
Banded killifish,
Fundulus diaphanus
Snail,
Amnicola sp.
American eel,
Anguilla rostrata
Pumpkinseed,
Lepomis gibbosus
Bluegill,
Lepomis macrochirus
Goldfish,
Carassius auratus
Worm,
Lumbriculus variegatus
Isopod,
Asellus bicrenata
Isopod,
Asellus communis
Amphipod,
Gammarus sp .
Common carp,
Cyprinus carpio
Northern squawfish,
Ptychocheilus oregonensis
Guppy,
88960
19800
19176
18400
17940
16820
13630
18790
5937
10250
9712
5731
11610
8100
7233
6580
6053
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
                       Poecilia  reticulata
                                      0-4

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Table P2.   (Cont.)
         Genus Mean
         Acute Value
Rank*     (ug/L)**    Species
Species Mean  Species Mean
Acute Value   Acute-Chronic
  (ug/L)**         Ratio
21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13
X J

12

11

10

9


6000

5228

4900

4341

3830

3265

2176

2100

1707
X / U /

1672

1607

1578

1353


Golden shiner,
Notemigonus crysoleucas
White sucker,
Catostomus commersoni
Asiatic clam,
Corbicula fluminea
Southern platyfish,
Xiphophorus maculatus
Fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
Isopod,
Lirceus alabamae
Atlantic salmon,
Salmo salar
Brook trout,
Salvelinus fontinalis

DX y \j £t (_/dIJ. f
Lophopodella carteri
Flagfish,
Jordanella floridae
Bryozoan,
Plumatella emarginata
Snail
O11CLX X f
Helisoma campanulatum
Snail

Physa gyrina
Snail .
6000

5228

4900

4341

3830

3265

2176

2100

1 "7IT7
• J. / U »

1672

1607

T C T Q
J-3 / O


i naa


	

	

	

5.644***

	

	

2.335***




41.2***

_ _ 	 	






                      Physa heterostropha

            1307      Bryozoan,
                      Pectinatella magnifica

           >1264      Tubificid worm,
                      Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri
   1307


  >1264
                                     0-5

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Table P2 .   (ContJ
         Genus Mean'
         Acute Value
Rank*     (ug/L)**    Species
                     Species Mean   Species  Mean
                     Acute Value    Acute-Chronic
                       (ug/L)**          Ratio
             931.3    Rainbow trout,
                      Oncorhynchus mykiss

                      Coho salmon,
                      Oncorhynchus kisutch

                      Sockeye salmon,
                      Oncorhynchus nerka

                      Chinook salmon,
                      Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

             790      Mozambique tilapia,
                      Tilapia mossambica

             299.8 '   Cladoceran,
                      Daphnia magna

                      Cladoceran,
                      Daphnia pulex

             227.8    Longfin dace,
                      Agosia chrysogaster

             119.4    Striped bass,
                      Morone saxatilis

              93.95   Cladoceran,
                      Ceriodaphnia dubia

                      Cladoceran,
                      Ceriodaphnia reticulata
                          689.3
                         1628
                         1502
                         446.4
                          790
                          355.5
                          252.9
                          227.8
                          119.4
                          174.1
                           50.70
 1.554
<6.074***
 0.7027
 7.26
*    Ranked from most resistant to most sensitive based on Genus Mean Acute
     Value.
**   At hardness = 50 mg/L.
***  Not used in the calculation of the Final Acute-Chronic Ratio.
At hardness = 50 mg/L:

   FAV = 133.2 ug/L

   CMC = FAV/2 = 66.. 6 ug/L

As a function of hardness:


                      CMC = e
0.8473(In hardness) +0.884
                                     0-6

-------
FACR = 1.994 but was raised to 2



At hardness = 50 mg/L:


            FCV = FAV/FACR  =  (133.2 ug/L)/(2)  =  66.6 ug/L  =  CCC


As a function of hardness:


                             0.8473 (In hardness)  +0.884
                      CCC = e
                                     0-7

-------
References


Berglind, R., and G.  Dave.  1984.  Acute Toxicity of Chromate,
DDT, PCP, TPBS,  and Zinc to Daphnia magna  Cultured in Hard and
Soft Water.  Bull.  Environ. Contain. Toxicol.  33:63-68.

Dawson, D.A., E.-F.  Stebler, S.L. Burks, and J.A.  Bantle.  1988.
Evaluation of the Developmental Toxicity of Metal-Contaminated
Sediments Using  Short-Term Fathead Minnow  and Frog Embryo-Larval
Assays.  Environ.  Toxicol. Chem. 7:27-34.

U.S. EPA.  1987.   Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for
Zinc.  EPA 440/5-87-003.  National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA.
                                 °"8        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                            Region 5, Library (PL-12J)
                                            77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th Floor
                                            Chicago, IL 60604-3590

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