&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste And
Emergency Response
(5201 G)
SUPERFUND:
EPA/540/R-95/088
PB95-962920
9200.5-718C
May 1995
Progress at
National
Priority
List Sites
KENTUCKY
1995 UPDATE
Printed on Recycled Paper
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How to Use the NPL Book
The site fact sheets presented in this book
are comprehensive summaries that cover a
broad range of information. The fact sheets
describe hazardous waste sites on the NPL and
their locations, as well as the conditions
leading to their listing ("Site Description").
The summaries list the types of contaminants
that have been discovered and related threats
to public and ecological health ("Threats and
Contaminants"). "Cleanup Approach" pres-
ents an overview of the cleanup activities
completed, underway, or planned. The fact
sheets conclude with a brief synopsis of how
much progress has been made in protecting
public health and the environment. The
summaries also pinpoint other actions, such as
legal efforts to involve polluters responsible
for site contamination and community con-
cerns.
The fact sheets are arranged in alphabetical
order by site name. Because site cleanup is a
dynamic and gradual process, all site informa-
tion is accurate as of the date shown on the
bottom of each page. Progress is always being
made at NPL sites, and the EPA periodically
will update the site fact sheets to reflect recent
actions. The following two pages show a
generic fact sheet and briefly describe the
information under each section.
How Can You Use
This State Book?
You can use this book to keep informed
about the sites that concern you, particu-
larly ones close to home. The EPA is commit-
ted to involving the public in the decision
making process associated with hazardous
waste cleanup. The Agency solicits input from
area residents in communities affected by
Superfund sites. Citizens are likely to be
affected not only by hazardous site conditions,
but also by the remedies that combat them.
Site cleanups take many forms and can affect
communities in different ways. Local traffic
may be rerouted, residents may be relocated,
temporary water supplies may be necessary.
Definitive information on a site can help
citizens sift through alternatives and make
decisions. To make good choices, you must
know what the threats are and how the EPA
intends to clean up the site. You must under-
stand the cleanup alternatives being proposed
for site cleanup and how residents may be
affected by each one. You also need to have
some idea of how your community intends to
use the site in the future, and you need to know
what the community can realistically expect
once the cleanup is complete.
The EPA wants to develop cleanup methods
that meet community needs, but the Agency
only can take local concerns into account if it
understands what they are. Information must
travel both ways in order for cleanups to be
effective and satisfactory. Please take this
opportunity to learn more, become involved,
and assure that hazardous waste cleanup at
"your" site considers your community's
concerns.
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NPL LISTING HISTORY
Provides the dates when the
site was Proposed, made Final,
and Deleted from the NPL.
SITE RESPONSIBILITY
Identifies the Federal, State,
and/or potentially responsible
parties taking responsibility
for cleanup actions at the site.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROGRESS
Summarizes the actions to
reduce the threats to nearby
residents and the surrounding
environment and the progress
towards cleaning up the site.
SITE NAME
STATE
EPA ID# ABCOOOOOOO
Site Description
EPA REGION XX
COUNTY NAME
LOCATION
Other Names:
: xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx :
: xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx 1
1 XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX X XXX :
XXXXXXX XXX XXX%KM^(XXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXX .
XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX^BmXJC XXX XX XXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXjBtMSSXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXX XXX XXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXX XjflOBfcJCXX XXXXXX XX XXXX XXX XXXXX XXX XXXXX XXX XXXXX
Site Responsibility:
xxxxxx xxx xxxxx :
XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx
NPL Listing History
Proposed XX/XX/XX
Final XX/XX/XX
Threats and Contaminants
XXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XX XXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXX
XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX
XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX X XXX XX
XXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX
Cleanup Approach
XXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XX XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX X XXX XXXXXXXX
Response Action Status
XXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XX XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX^
XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX X x:
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX 3
XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX X XXX XX XXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXX
XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXX
XXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXX .
Site Facts:
XXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XX XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX X XXX
XXX XXXXXX
Environmental Progress
XXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XX XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXX
XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX X XXX XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX XXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
Site Repository
XXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX
SITE REPOSITORY
Lists the location of the primary site repository. The site
repository may include community relations plans, public
meeting announcements and minutes, fact sheets, press
releases, and other site-related documents.
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SITE DESCRIPTION
This section describes the location and history of the site. It includes descrip-
tions of the most recent activities and past actions at the site that have con-
tributed to the contamination. Population estimates, land usages, and nearby
resources give readers background on the local setting surrounding the site.
THREATS AND CONTAMINANTS
The major chemical categories of site contamination are noted, as well as
which environmental resources are affected. Icons representing each of the
affected resources (may include air, groundwater, surface water, soil, and
contamination to environmentally sensitive areas) are included in the margins
of this section. Potential threats to residents and the surrounding environ-
ments arising from the site contamination also are described.
CLEANUP APPROACH
This section contains a brief overview of how the site is being cleaned up.
RESPONSE ACTION STATUS
Specific actions that have been accomplished or will be undertaken to clean
up the site are described here. Cleanup activities at NPL sites are divided
into separate phases, depending on the complexity and required actions at the
site. Two major types of cleanup activities often are described: initial,
immediate, or emergency actions to quickly remove or reduce imminent
threats to the community and surrounding areas; and long-term remedial
phases directed at final cleanup at the site. Each stage of the cleanup strategy
is presented in this section of the summary. Icons representing the stage of
the cleanup process (initial actions, site investigations, EPA selection of the
cleanup remedy, engineering design phase, cleanup activities underway, and
completed cleanup) are located in the margin next to each activity descrip-
tion.
SITE FACTS
Additional information on activities and events at the site are included in this
section. Often details on legal or administrative actions taken by the EPA to
achieve site cleanup or other facts pertaining to community involvement with
the site cleanup process are reported here.
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Guide to the NPL Book Icons
The "icons," or symbols, accompanying the text allow the reader to see at a glance which envi-
ronmental resources are affected and the status of cleanup activities at the site.
Icons in the Threats
and Contaminants
Section
Icons in the Response
Action Status Section
Contaminated Ground-water re-
sources in the vicinity or underlying
the site. (Groundwater is often used
as a drinking water source.)
Contaminated Surface Water and
Sediments on or near the site.
(These include lakes, ponds,
streams, and rivers.)
Contaminated Air in the vicinity of
the site. (Air pollution usually is
periodic and involves contaminated
dust particles or hazardous gas
emissions.)
Contaminated Soil and Sludges on
or near the site. (This contamination
category may include bulk or other
surface hazardous wastes found on
the site.)
Threatened or contaminated Envi-
ronmentally Sensitive Areas in the
vicinity of the site. (Examples
include wetlands and coastal areas
or critical habitats.)
Initial, Immediate, or Emergency
Actions have been taken or are
underway to eliminate immediate
threats at the site.
Site Studies at the site to determine
the nature and extent of contamina-
tion are planned or underway.
Remedy Selected indicates that site
investigations have been concluded,
and the EPA has selected a final
cleanup remedy for the site or part
of the site.
Remedy Design means that engi-
neers are preparing specifications
and drawings for the selected
cleanup technologies.
Cleanup Ongoing indicates that the
selected cleanup remedies for the
contaminated site, or part of the site,
currently are underway.
Cleanup Complete shows that all
cleanup goals have been achieved
for the contaminated site or part of
the site.
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EPA ID
NUMBER SITE NAME
KYD980500961 A. L. TAYLOR (VALLEY OF DRUMS)
KYD041 981010 AIRCO
KYD006370167 B.F. GOODRICH
KYD980501019 BRANTLEY LANDFILL
KYD045738291 CALDWELL LACE LEATHER CO., INC.
KYD980602155 DISTLER BRICKYARD
KYD980601975 DISTLER FARM
KYD980844625 FORT HARTFORD COAL CO. STONE QUARRY
KYD006371074 GENERAL TIRE & RUBBER (MAYFIELD LANDFILL)
KYD980501076 GREEN RIVER DISPOSAL, INC.
KYD980501191 HOWE VALLEY LANDFILL
KYD980557052 LEE'S LANE LANDFILL
KYD980729107 MAXEY FLATS NUCLEAR DISPOSAL
KYD985069954 NATIONAL ELECTRIC COIL/COOPER INDUSTRIES
KYD049062375 NATIONAL SOUTHWIRE ALUMINUM CO.
KYD985066380 NEWPORT DUMP
KY8890008982 PADUCAH GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANT (USDOE)
KYD981469794 RED PENN SANITATION CO. LANDFILL
KYD097267413 SMITH'S FARM
KYD981028350 TRI-CITY INDUSTRIAL DISPOSAL CO.
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A.L. TAYLOR (VAL
OF DRUMS)
KENTUCKY
EPA ID# KYD980500961
EPA REGION 4
Bullitt County
miles south of Louisville
Other Names:
Valley of Drums
Site Description
The A.L. Taylor site is located on 13 acres and first was identified as a waste disposal site by the
Kentucky Department of National Resources and Environmental Protection (KDNREP) in 1967.
The owner excavated pits on site and emptied the contents of waste drums into the pits before
recycling the drums. Soils from nearby hills were eventually used to cover the pits. Thousands of
drums also were stored on the surface. The owner never applied for the required State permits
throughout the history of site operations from 1967 to 1977. The KDNREP first documented
releases of hazardous substances in 1975. They pursued legal actions against the owner until his
death in 1977. The EPA inspected the site in 1981 and discovered deteriorating and leaking
drums that were discharging pollutants into a nearby creek. Approximately 100 people live in a
residential area located within a mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
The site was being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The ground water, surface water, and soil were polluted with heavy metals, volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) such as ketones, plastics such as phthalates, and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from spills and deteriorating waste drums.
Accidental ingestion of and direct contact with the contaminated groundwater, soil,
and surface water presented possible health threats. Approximately 4,000 drums
containing hazardous wastes were leaking into a nearby tributary of the Ohio River.
March 1995
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Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: As early as 1979, the EPA responded to releases of oil and
hazardous substances at the site. The KDNREP contacted six potentially responsible
parties in 1980, who voluntarily identified and removed approximately 30 percent of
the wastes remaining on site. In 1981, the EPA conducted a cleanup action to upgrade the
existing treatment system and to remove the remaining 4,200 drums of surface waste off site.
The EPA also installed interceptor trenches to halt runoff into a nearby creek.
Site Stabilization and Monitoring: The EPA completed the following cleanup
actions at the site: removed contaminated pond water; secured pond sediments,
sludge, and materials from low-lying areas beneath the cap; installed a final cover to
contain the waste materials; constructed a surface water drainage diversion to reroute surface
water; and conducted tests to evaluate the effectiveness of the clay cap to reduce runoff of
surface contaminants. After the cleanup work was completed in 1987, ground water monitoring
data showed that contaminant levels were reduced by 100 to 1,000 times from the original levels.
The required 30 years of operation and maintenance to ensure the effectiveness of the remedy
began in 1988. A five year review conducted by EPA for the period 1987 through 1992
determined that the selected remedy is presently protective of human health and the environment.
Environmental Progress
All cleanup activities have been completed at the A.L. Taylor (Valley of Drums) site. These
activities at this site have reduced threat of contamination, and the operation and maintenance
phase will continue to ensure that nearby residents continue to be protected. The EPA has begun
the process of deleting this site from the NPL.
Site Repository
Bullitt County Public Library, Ridgeway Memorial Library, Second and Walnut Streets,
Shepherdsville, KY 40165
March 1995
A.L. TAYLOR (VALLEY OF DRUMS)
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AIRCO
KENTUCKY
EPA ID# KYD041981
EPA REGION 4
Marshall County
1/z mile northeast
of Calvert City
Site Description
The 2 3/4-acre Airco site is an industrial landfill that lies near the southern bank of the Tennessee
River. From the mid-1950s until 1971, it is estimated that the landfill accepted 18,000 tons of
caustics, acids, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), zinc, mercuric acetate, and mercuric
chloride. From 1971 to 1980, an industrial lessee dumped 14,000 tons of metal-contaminated coal
ash at the landfill, as well as poly vinyl chlorides (PVCs), ferric hydroxide sludge, and
construction wastes. The landfill was unregulated until 1968, when it received a permit under
Kentucky's new solid waste management program. The landfill was capped and closed in 1981.
Another Superfund site, B.F. Goodrich (Calvert City), borders the Airco property on the east.
Because of their proximity and a common history of use, these two sites were studied together
and will undergo a combined cleanup. This site is located in a highly industrialized area.
Approximately 3,600 people live in nearby Calvert City, and the closest residents live about 1
mile south of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, sediments, and soil are contaminated with poly chlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and VOCs including benzene and
toluene from the former waste disposal practices. Direct contact with or accidental
ingestion of the contaminated surface soils, groundwater, and drainage sediments
poses a risk to the health of the nearby population.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing
on cleanup of the entire site.
March 1995
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Response Action Status
Initial Actions: When Air Products, Inc., the industrial lessee, discontinued use of
the site in 1980, it closed the landfill in accordance with a State-approved plan. In
1981, Air Products constructed a clay cap over the landfill, a measure designed to
keep rainwater and runoff from spreading site contaminants.
Entire Site: In 1988, the EPA selected remedies for the Airco site, in conjunction
with cleanup at the adjacent B.F. Goodrich site. The remedies for groundwater
include extracting and treating contaminated groundwater and discharging treated
water to the Tennessee River using a permitted outfall. The selected remedies for soil
include imposing deed restrictions to prevent residential development on the site, excavating
contaminated surface soils around portions of the landfill and placing them in the former burn pit
area on the Goodrich site, and building an organic vapor recovery system and impermeable cap
over the burn pit. The selected remedies for the landfill include rebuilding the dikes around the
landfill for flood prevention, improving the existing clay landfill cap by adding more clay and re-
contouring the surface, and installing a system for extracting leachate from the waste. The parties
potentially responsible for the contamination at the Airco and Goodrich sites began designing the
remedy in 1989, but put design activities on hold while differences between the EPA and the
State were resolved. Design activities have resumed and are expected to be completed in mid-
1995. Cleanup activities are expected to begin in 1996.
Site Facts: In 1989, the parties potentially responsible for the contamination at the Airco
Carbide and Goodrich sites began designing the remedy, but the State intervened, and the activity
was temporarily suspended. The State has since dismissed their lawsuit against EPA and the
potentially responsible parties are designing the cleanup remedy.
Environmental Progress
The closure and capping of the landfill have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous
materials at the Airco site while design activities are being completed and activities for final
cleanup of the site are being planned.
Site Repository
Marshall County Public Library, Calvert City Branch, City Hall, Calvert City, Kentucky 42029
March 1995 2 AIRCO
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B.F. GOODRICH
KENTUCKY
EPA ID# KYD00637016
EPA REGION 4
Marshall County
Calvert City
Site Description
The B.F. Goodrich site is a 2-acre industrial landfill near the southern bank of the Tennessee
River. The B.F. Goodrich Company disposed of wastes on the site from 1969 to 1972 and
engineered a former creek channel for landfilling. Workers disposed of 54,000 tons of
construction waste and plant trash, buried 370 cubic yards of salt-brine sludge, and burned over 2
million gallons of liquid chlorinated organics in several burn pits at the site. From 1973 to 1980,
the only waste disposed of at the site was excavation dirt. In 1980, an inspection by the Kentucky
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection (KDNREP) disclosed a leaching
problem along the river side of the landfill. The landfill was closed under a State-approved
closure plan in 1980. Another NPL site, Airco Carbide, Inc., borders the Goodrich property on
the east. Because of their proximity and a common history of use, these two sites were studied
together and will undergo a combined cleanup. The site is located in a highly industrialized area.
Approximately 3,600 people live hi nearby Calvert City, and the closest residents live about 1
mile south of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, soil, and sediments are contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) including benzene and toluene from the former waste disposal activities.
Direct contact with or accidental ingestion of contaminated ground water, surface soils,
or sediments poses a health risk.
March 1995
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing
on the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1980, the landfill was sealed with a clay cap to prevent rainwater
and runoff from spreading contaminants. The area was planted with vegetation to
prevent erosion.
Entire Site: In 1988, the EPA selected the remedy for the site, which will be
cleaned up in conjunction with the adjacent Airco site. The remedy for groundwater
includes extracting and treating contaminated groundwater and discharging treated
water to the Tennessee River via a permitted outfall. The remedy for soil includes excavating
contaminated surface soils around portions of the landfill, placing them in the former burn pit
area, and building an organic vapor recovery system and cap over the burn pit. The selected
remedy for the landfill includes rebuilding the dikes around the landfill for flood prevention,
improving the existing clay landfill cap by adding more clay and recontouring the surface,
installing a system for extracting leachate from below the waste, and imposing deed restrictions
to prevent residential development on the site. The parties potentially responsible for the
contamination at the Airco and Goodrich sites began designing the remedy in 1989, but put
design activities on hold while differences between the EPA and the State were resolved. Design
activities have resumed and are expected to be completed in mid-1995. Cleanup activities are
expected to begin in 1996.
Site Facts: In 1989, the parties potentially responsible for the contamination at the Airco
Carbide and Goodrich sites began designing the remedy, but the State intervened, and the activity
was temporarily suspended. The State has since dismissed their lawsuit against EPA and the
potentially responsible parties are performing the design of the site remedies.
Environmental Progress
Sealing the landfill with a cap and prohibiting further dumping activities at the site has reduced
the potential for exposure to contaminants while final cleanup activities are being designed.
Site Repository
Marshall County Library, 1003 Poplar Street, Benton, KY 42025
March 1995 2 B.F. GOODRICH
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BRANTLEY
LANDFILL
KENTUCKY
EPA ID# KYD980501019
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
McLean County
Highway 85
Other Names:
Barmet of Kentucky
The Brantley Landfill site was used as a coal strip mining pit in the late 1960s. In 1978, Doug
Brantley and Sons, Inc. received an industrial landfill permit for the disposal of salt cake fines, a
by-product from Barmet Aluminum Corporation's aluminum recycling operation. Before the
landfill was closed in 1980, 250,000 tons of salt cake fines were disposed of at the site. Salt cake
fines are dust-like materials containing various contaminants that react with water to form gases.
The waste was deposited in pond water in the pit and also possibly deposited below the water
table. A layer of soil placed over the landfill area during closure has partially eroded, and some
waste materials are exposed. In 1986, the EPA's Environmental Services Division (BSD)
conducted air monitoring in the vicinity of the Brantley Landfill. Ammonia was found in most
samples downwind from the disposal area. Moreover, the Kentucky Division of Air Pollution
Control has received numerous complaints from residents of ammonia odor. In 1987, BSD
collected soil, water, and sediment samples at and around the landfill, which showed that the site
was contaminated. Land use within a 1-mile radius of the site is primarily agricultural and
residential. Approximately 200 people live within 1A mile of the site. There are six private wells
within a 1-mile radius of the site; the closest is approximately 500 feet to the north of the landfill
and belongs to the current site owner.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
Soil beneath the landfill cap is contaminated with heavy metals including chromium,
copper, titanium, vanadium, aluminum, magnesium, and sodium from former waste
disposal practices. The salt cake fines contain various heavy metals and react with
water to form several gases, including ammonia, acetylene, methane, hydrogen, and
hydrogen sulfide. Dust and gas emissions have been reported at the site, but the site
since has been closed and covered. Placement of wastes below the water table could
have caused groundwater contamination, which could affect drinking water sources.
The site has been fenced to restrict access.
March 1995
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1990, the parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination fenced the entire site to restrict site access and to minimize exposure to
potential contamination.
Entire Site: The parties potentially responsible for the site contamination began a
study of the type and extent of site contamination in 1990, and selected a remedy for
cleanup in late 1994. The remedy includes: installation of a landfill cap; removal of
on-site contaminated soils; treatment of the shallow groundwater west of the landfill; monitoring
of the site and underground mine works; and monitoring of the groundwater in and around the
landfill. A contingency plan calls for either short- or long-term leachate extraction.
Site Facts: In January 1990, an Administrative Order on Consent was entered into by the
potentially responsible party and the EPA for the responsible party to perform the investigation
with oversight by EPA and the Commonwealth of Kentucky.
Environmental Progress
Fencing the site has reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Brantley
Landfill site while cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Island City Hall, 160 South First Street, Island, KY 42350
March 1995
BRANTLEY LANDFILL
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CALDWELL LACE
LEATHER CO.
KENTUCKY
EPA ID# KYD045738291
EPA REGION 4
Logan County
Vi mile northwest
of Auburn
Site Description
The 40-acre Caldwell Lace Leather Co., Inc. site consists of three tannery waste areas. From
1972 to 1982, wastes such as chrome and vegetable tanning sludge from the leather-tanning
process were buried in trenches or placed in unlined lagoons in a SVi-acre area of the property.
In 1982, the Kentucky Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection
(KDNREP) granted a permit to Caldwell to mix waste sludges into the soil on a 29-acre
landfarm. This method of disposal continued until 1985. The KDNREP granted a conditional
permit in 1983 for a third disposal area, a 5-acre landfill, which accepted only solid wastes from
tannery operations. Leather-tanning operations occurred at the facility until 1985, when it was
sold to North Park, Inc. In 1983, the KDNREP detected chromium in a private well 1,200 feet
from the landfill area. This well has been taken out of service. Approximately 600 people obtain
drinking water from private wells within 3 miles of the site. The closest surface water intake for
a public water system is 2 miles southeast of the site. The majority of the residences around the
site now are connected to the public water supply. The surrounding area is characterized by karst
typography, a type of land form with sinks, caves, underground streams, and caverns.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
A private well located 1,200 feet from the landfill area was found contaminated with
lead and hexavalent chromium, the most toxic form of chromium. Contaminants,
primarily chromium, also have been found in the soil on the site. This contamination
occurred from the site landfills and disposal areas. A study conducted in 1991
indicated that site contamination has not migrated to additional residential wells.
March 1995
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Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: The site has been regraded and capped to prevent exposure to the
contaminated materials. A fence surrounding the site prevents access by people and
animals.
Entire Site: In 1990, the EPA began a study to determine the type and extent of the
contamination at the site. The investigation was completed in 1993, at which time the
EPA determined that no action is necessary to protect human health or the
environment. The results of the investigation, which included a risk assessment, indicated that
there were no current or future risks from exposure to soils, sediments, or surface water.
However, there is currently no feasible way to determine whether future groundwater risks would
be a significant threat to human health or the environment because of the unpredictability of karst
topography. Consequently, the EPA did recommend that the Commonwealth of Kentucky or the
current landfill owners continue spring monitoring because springs would be the primary pathway
by which the landfill portion of the site could impact human health or the environment in the
future. The current landfill owner expressed his intentions to improve the landfill area for
wildlife. Several management practices could be incorporated into ongoing land management
activities that would enhance the property for a wildlife habitat. Regardless of the proposed
wildlife habitat, the EPA recommended that future land-use restrictions be placed on the landfill
property to prevent activities that would expose the subsurface waste to human contact or the
environment. Since the EPA is not proposing to take a cleanup action, these land use restrictions
would be voluntarily implemented by the landowner or put in place by Kentucky or local
government. The land use restrictions would further reduce any potential future risk connected
with the site.
Site Facts: In 1984, Caldwell entered into an Agreed Order with the State to correct past
violations and to prevent further violations of State law. In 1985, the State approved a plan to
close the old landfill.
Environmental Progress
Covering the site with soil and restricting access with a security fence have reduced the potential
for exposure to site contaminants. No other actions are planned at the Caldwell Lace Leather Co.
site. The landowner is willing to maintain the integrity of the soil cover and perform spring
monitoring. The Commonwealth of Kentucky may pursue additional response actions under State
authority.
March 1995 2 CALDWELL LACE LEATHER CO., INC.
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Site Repository
Logan County Public Library, 201 W. 6th Street, Russellville, Kentucky 42276
CALDWELL LACE LEATHER CO., INC.
March 1995
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DISTLER BRICKYARJ&gW^ EP* *EON 4
^j^^pC^PXvy^ Hardm County
KENTUCKY (5^5o|^W;';;^K1/2 mile southeast of West Point
EPA ID# KYD98060215
Site Description
The 3-acre Distler Brickyard site is located on a 70-acre abandoned brick manufacturing plant
property that operated from the late 1800s until the mid-1970s. In 1976, the property was leased
by Kentucky Liquid Recycling, Inc., which began transporting waste to the brickyard property.
Waste disposal continued at the site until 1979, when the Kentucky Department of Natural
Resources and Environmental Protection (KDNREP) ordered disposal operations to cease. A
brick complex, associated buildings, and an open field covered with grass and shrubs are located
on the site. There were approximately 2,300 drums on the site, 1,550 of which contained various
liquids, sludges, and solids. Spillage from the deteriorated drums killed grass, trees, and birds on
the site. A contaminated groundwater plume is located beneath the site and could threaten the city
drinking water wells and the Ohio River. Approximately 3,000 people live within a 4-mile radius
of the site and 70,000 people depend on wells within a 3-mile radius of the site for drinking
water. The site is partially fenced, and a railroad track runs through the site. Sparks from the
railroad caused a fire in 1980. Runoff from the site flows to an unnamed tributary of Bee
Branch, which flows through the site. Portions of the site are in the 50- and 100-year flood plains
of the Ohio River.
-. .. ...4 T,.. v ........ NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Federal and State actions. Final Date. 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Specific contaminants detected in groundwater and on-site soils include various
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals including lead from waste
disposal activities. Potential health threats include direct contact with or accidental
ingestion of contaminated soils and groundwater. Spillage from the drums has already
killed vegetation and birds.
March 1995
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Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: As an initial action, the EPA and the State inspected the site and
sampled 28 drums. In 1979, several drums of waste were removed and, in 1982,
over 2,000 additional drums were removed from the site. Patches of contaminated
soil also were removed and incinerated.
Soil and Groundwater: Cleanup technologies selected to address soil and
groundwater contamination include: excavating and disposing of contaminated soils;
backfilling with clean natural granular soils; reshaping surface contours to manage
water infiltration and runoff and planting grass to cover the site; extracting and treating
contaminated groundwater and reinjecting groundwater into the aquifer; and maintaining
vegetation and repairing any erosion for one year. The EPA completed the removal of
contaminated soil in 1989 and recently installed a permanent groundwater treatment system after
additional geophysical and water flow data were collected and analyzed. Long-term operations
and maintenance of the groundwater treatment system began in 1994 and will continue until
cleanup goals established for the site are met.
Environmental Progress
All construction at the site is complete. The removal of drums and contaminated soil described
above has eliminated the sources of contamination and reduced the potential for exposure to
hazardous materials at the Distler Brickyard site while long-term cleanup activities are in
progress.
Site Repository
West Point City Hall, 509 Elm Street, West Point, KY 40177
March 1995 2 DISTLER BRICKYARD
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DISTLER FARM
KENTUCKY
EPA ID# KYD98060197
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Jefferson County
mile northwest of West Point
The 3-acre Distler Farm site was discovered in 1977, when the EPA launched a search for sites
previously used to store industrial wastes. In 1978, flood waters scattered drums of industrial
waste stored at the site along the flood plain of Stump Gap Creek. In an emergency cleanup
action, the EPA recovered and repacked more than 800 drums containing chemicals characteristic
of the paint and varnish industry and then moved them to higher ground. Later, the State sent
the drums to an approved disposal facility. During the cleanup effort, four drum burial sites
were discovered. Approximately 3,000 people reside within 4 miles of the site. The site is
bordered by cultivated farmland and is located 1,000 feet from the Ohio River.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/23/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Soil was contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including toluene and
benzene, as well as heavy metals, from former drum storage practices. Groundwater
is contaminated with similar VOCs and heavy metals. Former health threats included
drinking the contaminated groundwater and coming in direct contact with the
contaminated soil.
March 1995
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Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1978, the EPA monitored the recovery and on-site storage
of the drums containing chemicals from paints and varnishes. The State later
disposed of the drums at a federally-approved facility. The EPA conducted various
studies from 1979 through 1984, confirming evidence of soil and groundwater contamination.
During the investigations, workers discovered waste-containing drums and contaminated soil from
the site. These were removed and disposed of at an approved facility.
Groundwater and Soil: The final site cleanup actions began in 1988. Selected
cleanup activities included: excavation and removal of contaminated soils for off-site
disposal in a hazardous waste landfill and backfilling with natural granular soils;
extraction of contaminated groundwater for temporary on-site storage and final off-site treatment;
re vegetation, erosion repair, and groundwater monitoring for a 1-year period. Contaminated soil
with concentrations above acceptable levels has been excavated and removed to a hazardous
waste landfill. After the soil was removed, the waste pits were backfilled, and the entire area
was graded, cultivated, and covered with grass to control erosion. The groundwater treatment
system has been installed. Construction of the treatment system and site restoration were
completed in 1989. Long-term operations and maintenance of the groundwater treatment system
began in 1990 and will continue until established cleanup goals for the site are met, which could
last up to 30 years.
Environmental Progress
All construction of cleanup remedies has been completed at the Distler Farm site. Cleanup of
contaminated soil is complete. The site is now safe for nearby residents and the environment
while groundwater cleanup continues. A recent evaluation of the ongoing long-term remedial
action has indicated improvement in groundwater quality at the site and continued protection of
nearby domestic wells.
Site Repository
West Point City Hall, 509 Elm Street, West Point, KY 40177
March 1995 2 DISTLER FARM
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FORT HARTFORD
COAL CO. STO
QUARRY
KENTUCKY
EPA ID# KYD980844625
EPA REGION 4
Ohio County
1 mile northeast of Olaton
Site Description
The Fort Hartford Coal Co. Stone Quarry is 645 acres in size and includes an additional 120
acres of underground tunnels. The site originally was mined for railway ballasts and road bases
from the late 1950's to the late 1970's. In 1981, Barmet Aluminum Corporation contracted with
the Fort Hartford Coal Company to store salt cake fines, a by-product of Barmet's aluminum
recycling operation, in the underground portion of the site. Salt cake fines are a fine, dust-like
material containing various contaminants that react with water to form several gases, including
ammonia, acetylene, methane, hydrogen, and hydrogen sulfide. Salt cake fines were delivered to
the site from a Barmet plant in Livia, Kentucky at a rate of approximately 500 tons per day from
July 1981 to June 1991. Barmet closed the Livia plant in June 1991. An estimated IVa million
tons of salt cake fines have been placed at the site. The mine is in a rural area; approximately 15
people live within 1A mile of the site, and the nearest residence is 1,500 feet away.
Approximately 1,400 people live within 4 miles of the site. The portion of the site's 120 acres
not affected by mining operations is forested, as is most of the surrounding land. Portions of the
property have been logged, and several of the logging roads remain above the mine. A few
pieces of land beyond the Rough River and Caney Creek, both of which border on the site, are
used for agriculture. Many residents near the site rely on ground water for their drinking water
supplies. Approximately 25 private wells are within IVa miles of the property, and about 700
people obtain drinking water from wells and springs within 3 miles of the site. The Rough River,
about 30 miles downstream of the site, is the water source for the Town of Hartford and also is
used for fishing and other recreation.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 08/30/90
March 1995
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Threats and Contaminants
The EPA detected ammonia from the storage of salt cake fines in the air around the
storage areas during a 1986 inspection. Wastes were deposited below the water table,
threatening the groundwater. The subsurface gases found in the mine include
ammonia, methane, acetylene, hydrogen, and hydrogen sulfide. High levels of
ammonia have been detected in an unnamed stream that originates hi the waste area.
Runoff from the quarry flows into the Rough River. Workers at the site may be at
risk if they accidentally ingest or come in direct contact with contaminated surface
water or groundwater or inhale ammonia vapors in ambient air from the site. There
also is the potential for explosion if methane gas is generated from a reaction of the
waste with water.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In response to the Administrative Order on Consent, Barmet
Aluminum Corporation identified areas where water was entering the mine and then
isolated waste in these areas to prevent contact. These activities specifically
included: an investigation to trace the flow of groundwater; an inventory of salt cakes fines
stored in the mine; closure of collapsed areas and sinkholes to prevent water from entering the
mine; diversion of surface water runoff to prevent entry into the mine; removal of water within
the mine by pumping; discharge of this water to the Rough River; and storage of the salt cake
fines in the dry areas of the mine.
Entire Site: Barmet Aluminum Corporation began a study in 1991 to determine the
type and extent of contamination at the site, and to identify alternative technologies
for the cleanup. The site investigation was completed in the fall of 1994. Currently,
the EPA is in the process of selecting a final cleanup remedy.
Site Facts: Barmet Aluminum Corporation, one of the potentially responsible parties, entered
into an Administrative Order on Consent with the EPA in 1989. Under this agreement, Barmet
has completed immediate actions and is conducting site investigations.
Environmental Progress
Immediate actions such as the diversion of surface water runoff and the removal of water in the
mine to prevent contact with wastes have reduced threats posed to the health and safety of the
nearby population while the EPA selects a final cleanup remedy for the site.
March 1995 2 FORT HARTFORD COAL CO. STONE QUARRY
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Site Repository
County Clerk, Court House Square, Main Street, Hartford, KY 42347
FORT HARTFORD COAL CO. STONE QUARRY
March 1995
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GENERAL TIRE &
RUBBER COMP
(MAYFIELD
LANDFILL)
KENTUCKY
EPA ID# KYD006371074
EPA REGION 4
Graves County
iles north of Mayfield
Other Names:
Mayfield Landfill
Site Description
The General Tire & Rubber Company (Mayfield Landfill) site is a 58-acre landfill located to the
northeast of the company's tire manufacturing plant. The company began disposing of wastes in
the landfill in 1970, shortly after the State approved the operation. Between 1970 and 1979, an
estimated 152 tons of hazardous waste were deposited in trenches on the site. Some wastes were
deposited below the water table, creating the potential for movement of contaminants through the
ground water. Approximately 1,500 people obtain drinking water from five municipal wells within
3 miles of the site. The eastern edge of the landfill roughly follows Mayfield Creek,
approximately 150 yards from the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
Ground water, surface water, sediments, and soils contain heavy metals including
cadmium and lead, as well as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including toluene
from the former waste disposal practices. Based on the low concentrations found at
the site, very low health risks have been estimated for people who accidentally come
in direct contact with or ingest contaminated groundwater, surface water, soil, or
sediments.
March 1995
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Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1981, to comply with a State request, General Tire began a
groundwater monitoring program. In 1984, the site was covered and revegetated.
Entire Site: The General Tire and Rubber Company completed an investigation and
risk assessment of the site in the summer of 1993. Based on this study, the EPA
determined that no cleanup action is required, since human health and ecological risks
are within EPA-acceptable limits.
Environmental Progress
Covering and revegetating the site and monitoring the groundwater have made the site safe. The
EPA is expected to initiate the site deletion process in 1995.
Site Repository
Graves County Library, Sixth & College Streets, Mayfield, KY 42066
March 1995
GENERAL TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY
{MAYFIELD LANDFILL)
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GREEN RIVER
DISPOSAL, IN
KENTUCKY
EPA ID# KYD980501076
EPA REGION 4
Davies County
Near Maceo
Other Names:
Kelly Cemetery Road Site
Site Description
The Green River Disposal site is a 14-acre landfill and surface disposal area. From 1970 to 1984,
wastes from various industries, along with sanitary municipal wastes, were buried at the facility.
In 1985, an investigation by the Kentucky Department of Natural Resources and Environmental
Protection (KDNREP) found that a private well adjacent to the site was contaminated. Buried
wastes at the site are adequately covered, preventing direct contact and controlling stormwater
runoff. The facility has a history of leachate outbreaks and underground fires. The site held a
State disposal permit from 1975 until 1988, but the site closed in 1984. Approximately 500
people obtain drinking water from private wells within 3 miles of the site. Blackford Creek,
which is used for irrigation and recreational activities, is 3 miles downstream of the landfill.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
HAJ
Groundwater from a private well adjacent to the site was contaminated with heavy
metals including arsenic and barium from the former waste disposal activities.
Leachate from the landfill is contaminated with ammonia and heavy metals. Leachate
from the landfill and sediment in an adjacent unnamed tributary present unacceptable
environmental/ecological risks.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing
on cleanup of the entire site.
March 1995
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Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1990, samples were taken of site soils, surface water, leachate,
and residential wells. Test results prompted installation of a temporary leachate
collection system and a fence around the site.
Entire Site: The potentially responsible parties completed an investigation of the site
in the summer of 1994. Samples were taken from the landfill waste, leachate,
groundwater, surface water, soil, and air to characterize the site and to evaluate
potential risks. The EPA selected a remedy in late 1994 that includes: capping the landfill to
contain the contaminants; collecting and treating leachate; and, excavating the contaminated
sediments.
Site Facts: In 1983, the State ordered Green River Disposal to bring the facility into
compliance with existing laws. In 1986, the company filed for bankruptcy. The EPA prepared an
Administrative Order on Consent for the parties potentially responsible for the site contamination
to conduct a study to determine the nature and extent of contamination and to identify alternatives
for cleanup.
Environmental Progress
Installing a leachate collection system and constructing a fence have reduced potential risks of
exposure and contaminant migration while cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Owensboro Public Library, 450 Griffith Avenue, Owensboro, KY 42301
March 1995
GREEN RIVER DISPOSAL, INC.
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KENTUCKY
EPA ID# KYD980501191
Site Description
HOWE VALLEY ^STO% EP* *E*l°" 4
/S^9Sva %^A Hardin County
LANDFILL C^^Ur^Q^ ^Hmiles southwest of Howe Valley
The Howe Valley Landfill site consists of 11 acres and includes a sinkhole. Approximately 21/2
acres of the site had been cleared for the landfilling of wastes. The site was an industrial waste
landfill, operated by Kentucky Industrial Services, Inc. from 1967 through 1976 when a State
permit expired. During that time, drums of sludges and bulk wastes associated with various
manufacturing and insulation operations were disposed of on site. Waste insulation material and
drums were exposed on the surface of the landfill. In 1979, groundwater samples collected by
the Kentucky Division of Water Quality indicated that the site might have been contaminating the
local groundwater. There are approximately 25 people living within a 1-mile radius of the site
who depend on private wells for drinking water.
o-«. r> -U-I-* TU- * AA A ^ u NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through Proposed Date: 06/10/86
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
Final Date: 07/22/87
Threats and Contaminants
On-site surface soil was contaminated with low levels of volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and heavy metals. Because access to the site was unrestricted prior to
cleanup, potential threats to local residents included direct contact with the
contaminants in the surface soil. Site studies indicated that the groundwater was not
contaminated.
March 1995
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Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1988, the parties potentially responsible for site contamination
removed bulk wastes and 9,150 full or partially full drums, excavated approximately
1,600 empty drums, and removed about 6,000 smaller containers. These initial
actions eliminated the immediate threats to the public and removed much of the site's
contamination.
Entire Site: In 1990, the parties potentially responsible for site contamination
completed studies to determine the extent of contamination. The EPA selected a
cleanup remedy which includes: excavation and off-site disposal of soil contaminated
with metals; aeration of on-site soil contaminated with VOCs; and continued monitoring of
groundwater for the next five years. The soil cleanup was completed in the fall of 1994, and
groundwater monitoring will continue to ensure the effectiveness of the remedy.
Site Facts: In 1988, an Administrative Order was signed by the EPA. This document directs
the potentially responsible parties to investigate site contamination and provide recommendations
for methods to clean up the site. In 1991, the EPA and the potentially responsible parties entered
into a Consent Decree requiring the potentially responsible parties to conduct cleanup operations
at the site.
Environmental Progress
All cleanup remedies have been completed. The removal and disposal of bulk waste and drums
has eliminated the surface and subsurface contamination sources and reduced the potential for
exposure to hazardous substances at the Howe Valley Landfill site. The cleanup has reduced or
eliminated metal contaminants and VOCs in the soil at the site. No hazardous substances,
pollutants, or contaminants remain on-site exceeding concentrations that will restrict use of the
site or threaten human health.
Site Repository
Hardin County Public Library, 201 West Dixie Highway, Elizabethtown, KY 42701
March 1995 2 HOWE VALLEY LANDFILL
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LEE'S LANE LANDFI
KENTUCKY
EPA ID# KYD9805570
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Jefferson County
4'/2 miles southwest of Louisville
Lee's Lane Landfill is a 112-acre landfill and junkyard that lies in the flood plain along the Ohio
River. This operation received over 2 million cubic yards of domestic, commercial, and industrial
wastes between the 1940s and 1975. Approximately 212,000 tons of these were various chemical
wastes. Sand and gravel quarrying occurred on the site before and during the property's use as a
landfill. Portions of the landfill flood almost every year. In 1975, residents living next to the site
reported flash fires around their water heaters. After explosive levels of methane gas were
detected, seven nearby homes were evacuated and purchased by local authorities. The State
closed the landfill that same year. County, State, and Federal agencies documented the presence
of methane and other toxic gases in the area east of the site. The majority of the 1,100 residents
of a subdivision located adjacent to the landfill are connected to a public water supply system,
which draws from an underlying aquifer. In 1980, State personnel discovered 400 exposed drums
of hazardous materials, some highly flammable, on the Ohio River bank next to the landfill. They
identified more than 50 chemicals including phenolic resins, benzene, and a variety of heavy
metals.
Site Responsibility:
This site was addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/23/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The air was polluted with methane gas vented from the landfill. Groundwater, soil,
and surface water were contaminated with benzene, heavy metals including lead and
arsenic, and inorganic chemicals. Groundwater flow is toward the Ohio River and
away from neighborhood wells.
March 1995
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Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: Seven homes were purchased by local authorities in 1975
after explosive levels of methane gas were detected. In 1980, after methane was
discovered in other homes nearby, the Kentucky Department of Hazardous Materials
and Waste Materials (KDHMWM) installed a gas venting system at the landfill. In 1981, the site
owners pumped liquid wastes from the exposed drums found near the Ohio River. They shipped
hazardous wastes to an approved disposal facility, removed the drums and other wastes from the
river bank, and buried them on the site. In 1987 and 1988, EPA emergency staff performed
cleanup activities at the landfill, including site security and migration control. Workers also
regraded and reseeded the backfill that floods had washed out.
Entire Site: The EPA selected a remedy for this site in 1986 which included:
providing for continued operation of a gas collection system; providing alternate water
supplies; removing exposed drums; capping soils in "hot spots" in an area of exposed
trash and disposing of exposed waste at an approved landfill; taking steps to prevent erosion and
possible failure of the Ohio River embankment; establishing standards for groundwater at the site;
imposing institutional controls; and monitoring groundwater, gas, and air. The EPA finished
cleaning up this site in 1987 and now is conducting operation and maintenance activities,
scheduled to last for 30 years, which include quarterly sampling of monitoring wells and
inspection of the site and components of the gas collection system to ensure continued
effectiveness of the site remedies. In 1994, the State agreed with EPA to take over the
monitoring responsibilities.
Environmental Progress
Construction activities have been completed at the Lee's Lane Landfill site. The site is now safe
for nearby residents and the environment while operation and maintenance activities are
continuing to ensure that residual contaminants remain within safety levels. The EPA has begun
the process of deleting this site from the NPL.
Site Repository
Riverside Gardin Community Council, 4416 Wilmoth Road, Louisville, KY 40216
March 1995 2 LEE'S LANE LANDFILL
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MAXEY FLATS
NUCLEAR Dl
KENTUCKY
EPA ID# KYD980729107
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Fleming County
Near Hillsboro
The 279-acre Maxey Flats Nuclear Disposal site is a disposal facility for low-level radioactive
wastes. From 1963 to 1977, the State licensed private operators to dispose of low-level
radioactive wastes, and an estimated 5 million cubic feet were accepted. Most was solid waste;
however, other types of waste also were accepted, some of them highly radioactive.
Approximately 533,000 pounds of source material (consisting of uranium and thorium or ores
containing them), 2l/2 megacuries of by-product materials, and 950 pounds of special nuclear
material (plutonium or enriched uranium) were buried in an area known as the Restricted Area.
Workers capped each trench with a layer of soil after it was filled, but the dirt eventually
collapsed into the trenches. Water collected in the trenches, leaching radionuclides into the
environment. The Restricted Area is situated entirely on the flats and encompasses the disposal
trenches, "hot wells" (sealed concrete pipes containing plutonium and uranium), waste storage
buildings, and an evaporator facility. The area surrounding the site is rural and agricultural.
Approximately 300 people live within a 5-mile radius of the disposal facility, and the closest
home is within 14 mile. About 120 wells and 25 springs are situated within 5 miles. However,
nearby residents receive water from a municipal water system. The site is located on a spur of
Maxey Flats, a ridge 300 feet above surrounding stream valleys. The plateau of the spur drops
steeply on three sides, and rainwater runoff is channeled to nearby Rock Lick Creek, which feeds
the Licking River.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
ZGJ
The groundwater, soil, surface water, and leachate are contaminated with various
radioactive materials, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), petrochemicals, and heavy
metals from the former waste disposal activities. There is no evidence that local
residents have been exposed to the site contaminants. However, they have been
advised to reduce the use of stream water for agricultural irrigation, as this water
exceeds EPA standards for both tritium and radium.
March 1995
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the radioactive contamination at the site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Solidification of 286,000 gallons of tank leachate was
completed in 1989. This cleanup activity was necessary to prevent a potential release
of radioactive water off site due to the poor structural integrity of the holding tanks.
In 1991, the EPA disposed of the solidified leachate blocks in an underground on-site trench.
Radioactive Contamination: Under EPA oversight, the parties potentially
responsible for site contamination conducted an intensive study of the contamination
problems. This study was completed and a remedy was selected in 1991. The site
will be cleaned up by: extracting and solidifying approximately 3 million gallons of radioactive
trench leachate and disposing of the solidified leachate on site; installing an initial cap consisting
of clay and a synthetic liner; maintaining and periodically replacing the synthetic liner of the
initial cap; re-contouring the capped disposal area to control surface water runoff; improving the
existing site drainage; installing a groundwater flow barrier, if necessary; installing an infiltration
monitoring system to verify the cleanup performance; designating a buffer zone adjacent to the
site; installing a final cap over the disposal area; and establishing institutional controls to restrict
the use of the site. The site will be evaluated every five years to ensure that the remedy continues
to be effective. Design of the remedy is expected to be initiated in 1995.
Site Facts: Negotiations with the parties potentially responsible for the site contamination
concluded with an agreement, signed in 1987, to perform an investigation of the site. The local
community has an active interest in the cleanup of this site, and a technical assistance grant has
been awarded to a community group to follow site progress.
Environmental Progress
The immediate actions described above to solidify leachate have reduced the potential for
exposure to radioactive wastes at the Maxey Flats Nuclear Disposal site while cleanup activities
are being planned.
Site Repository
Rowan County Public Library, 129 Trumbo Street, Morehead, KY 40351
Fleming County Public Library, 303 South Main Cross Street, Flemingsburg, Kentucky 41041
March 1995
MAXEY FLATS NUCLEAR DISPOSAL
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NATIONAL ELECTRIC
COIL CO./COOPE
INDUSTRIES
KENTUCKY
EPA ID# KYD985069954
Site Description
The National Electric Coil Co./Cooper Industries site is approximately 31/2 acres in size. In
1951, the National Electric Coil Co., owned by McGraw-Edison Co., rebuilt electric motors and
transformers used in the coal mining industry. From 1951-1987, equipment used in these
production processes was cleaned on site in a 1,000-gallon vat of trichloroethylene (TCE).
Activities performed to clean equipment and the vat itself resulted in on-site and off-site
contamination. Liquid solvent and oils were allowed to flow overland and through a drainage
system to the Cumberland River; sludge from the vat was disposed of along the Cumberland
River bank; polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-laden oil drained from transformers on site was
allowed to flow through the piping system to the Cumberland River; and waste generated by an
unvented lead furnace on site was disposed of in unregulated landfills in the area. In 1985, as a
result of a takeover, Cooper Industries of Houston, Texas acquired the property and facility.
Treen Land Co. bought the site from Cooper Industries in 1987. The Kentucky Department of
Environmental Protection (KDEP) first discovered contamination in nearby residential and
community wells in 1989. Subsequent investigations by the EPA, Cooper Industries, and Treen
Land Co. led to the detection of contaminants in groundwater and soil both on and off site.
Today, both the property and the facility are leased to National Electric Services, Incorporated.
Public and private wells within 4 miles of the site are sources of drinking water for an estimated
1,750 people. The nearest contaminated private well is within 300 feet of the site. Several
residences are in close proximity to the site and 20 people work at the plant.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL Listing History
Proposed Date: 07/29/91
Final Date: 10/14/92
March 1995
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Threats and Contaminants
Nearby residential and community wells are contaminated with the volatile organic
chemicals (VOCs) dichloroethylene and vinyl chloride. These same two chemicals,
TCE, methylene chloride, and PCBs were later detected in on-site groundwater and
soil. Off-site soil is contaminated with VOCs and PCBs. Dichloroethylene and vinyl
chloride also were detected in off-site groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two phases: immediate actions and one long-term phase focusing
on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1989, users of contaminated wells were connected to
municipal water supplies. In 1991, the potentially responsible parties removed 5,100
tons of contaminated soils to an off-site location.
Entire Site: In mid-1992, the potentially responsible parties began an investigation
into the nature and extent of contamination at the site. A remedy for the site was
selected in the fall of 1992 and includes the pumping and treating of contaminated
groundwater. Groundwater cleanup is presently being conducted under an interim cleanup action
and is expected to be completed by mid-1995.
Site Facts: The EPA and Cooper Industries, Inc. signed a Unilateral Administrative Order in
1991. Under this order, Cooper Industries removed contaminated soils from the site. Site
activities were conducted in accordance with a May 18, 1992, Consent Order signed by Cooper
Industries. In December 1992, the EPA issued a Unilateral Administrative Order to Cooper
Industries, requiring them to conduct groundwater cleanup activities.
Environmental Progress
Connecting residential and community wells to municipal water supplies and removing
contaminated soil has reduced health and safety risks to the nearby population while the EPA is
cleaning up the groundwater.
March 1995 2 NATIONAL ELECTRIC COIL CO./
COOPER INDUSTRIES
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Site Repository
Harlan County Public Library, 107 North Third Street, Harlan, Kentucky 40831
(606) 573-5220
NATIONAL ELECTRIC COIL CO./COOPER 3
March 1995
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N ATI O N AL SS&&&P? REkGc'ON 4
.» /JC?TXVVVV^ Hancock County
SOUTHWIRE ^^vV^^^y^^S, Near Hawesville
ALUMINUM C
KENTUCKY
EPA ID# KYD049062375
Site Description
The National Southwire Aluminum Co. (NSA), a division of Southwire of Carrollton, Georgia, is
a 1,100-acre facility located in rural Hancock County. This site consists of four clay-lined
ponds, each 5 to 7 acres in size. The first of these ponds, called the North Pond, was
constructed for the disposal of spent pot linings from the aluminum reduction process. Calcium
fluoride slurry from the air quality control system also was disposed of in the North Pond as well
as in the second of these ponds, the South Pond. The East Pond received calcium fluoride slurry
from the South Pond, which was subsequently dewatered and closed without any covering or
lining. A new synthetically-line pond, called the New South Pond, is now used for disposal of
the calcium fluoride slurry. In 1979, cyanide and fluoride were found to be leaching into
groundwater beneath the North Pond and also in the vicinity of the dump pad where spent pot
linings contaminated the soil. NSA also detected cyanide in one of its three production wells,
which were used as a drinking water source for more than 1,000 NSA employees. The
production wells are now only used for industrial purposes. In 1986, the North Pond was closed
and covered with a synthetic cap as ordered by the Kentucky Division of Waste Management.
Today, the North Pond is covered with grass and periodically maintained. The EPA detected
significant levels of heavy metals in on-site groundwater and sediments in the facility's effluent
ditch. This effluent ditch flows along the west border of the facility, alongside the disposal
ponds, and into the Ohio River. Wells within 4 miles of the site draw water from the Ohio River
and serve approximately 16,000 people.
__ _ , _,...,. ,, . _, , NPL Listing History
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Proposed Date: 07/29/91
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
Final Date: 05/31/94
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater beneath the disposal ponds, as well as in the soil around the dump
pad, is contaminated with cyanide, fluoride, and metals. Cyanide also was discovered
in one of NSA's production wells in 1985. Significant concentrations of cyanide,
arsenic, lead, and nickel were discovered in on-site groundwater and sediments of the
effluent ditch. The effluent ditch flows along the west border of the plant, alongside
the disposal ponds, and into the Ohio River.
March 1995
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three phases: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the groundwater and the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: After the Kentucky Division of Waste Management conducted
a preliminary assessment in 1986, NSA closed the North Pond and capped it with a
synthetic cap and a layer of soil. The South Pond stopped receiving wastes in 1989.
Production wells are no longer utilized for drinking water. NSA employees now receive water
from the municipal water system.
Entire Site: NSA has also identified additional areas of contamination while
constructing a cooler tower foundation. These areas, along with areas of previously
known contamination, are being further investigated. The investigation and the
baseline risk assessment are expected to be completed by early 1995.
Groundwater: NSA and the EPA evaluated the need for an on-site groundwater
pump and treat system. An interim remedy was selected in early 1993. The interim
remedy is designed to contain two contaminated groundwater plumes on site. The
selected remedy consists of a pump and treat system using a ferrous precipitation and settling
procedure. This remedy will limit further migration of fluorides, cyanides, and metals into the
groundwater. Portions of the engineering design were finalized early, which allowed early
construction on these portions while design activities continued for later portions of the project.
All portions of the cleanup design were completed in late 1994. The construction activities are
expected to be completed in mid-1995.
Site Facts: NSA currently operates under a permit issued through the EPA's National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System. NSA has been cited twice by the EPA for exceeding permit
limits since 1987. EPA entered into an agreement with NSA on October 2, 1992, to conduct an
investigation of site contamination.
Environmental Progress
Immediate actions such as capping the North Pond and closing contaminated wells have
significantly reduced risks posed to the nearby population while the EPA conducts additional
studies and conducts cleanup activities.
Site Repository
Hancock County Public Library, Court Street, Post Office Box 249, Hawesville, Kentucky 42348
(502) 927-6760
March 1995 2 NATIONAL SOUTHWIRE ALUMINUM CO.
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NEWPORT DUMP ^^aj, EPCA
/\ /r^^lSHsX^Qi Campbell County
KENTUCKY _(V££&B^ Wilder
EPA ID# KYD985066380
Site Description
The 40-acre Newport Dump site was originally purchased by the City of Newport in the late
1940s and was used for disposal of residential and commercial wastes until its closure in 1979.
Trenching and area filling were the most common methods used to dispose of wastes at the site.
The Commonwealth of Kentucky started to require permits for landfills in 1968. The City
received a permit in 1969 to operate the site as a municipal sanitary landfill. During its operation,
the City was cited on numerous occasions for operational violations at the landfill and for
handling hazardous waste without a permit. Ownership of the site changed in 1979 from the City
of Newport to the Northern Kentucky Port Authority (NKPA). Approximately 1,200 people
reside within a 1-mile radius of the site. The nearby Licking River, which flows into the Ohio
River, is used for recreational activities. Use of groundwater in the vicinity of the site is
minimal, but approximately 250 feet downstream of the site, the Kenton County water district
maintains a raw water intake from the Licking River for the Taylor Mill Water Treatment Plant.
The water district serves residents of Kenton and Boone Counties with a combined population of
approximately 75,000 people.
_. _ ..... _. . ,, , , , NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through Proposed Date- 12/30/82
Federal and State actions. Final Date. 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Contaminants in groundwater and surface water included heavy metals, volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from former waste
disposal activities. Soils on site were contaminated with heavy metals, poly cyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), solvents, and PCBs from leachate and runoff. Site
closure activities completed to date have prevented the public from coming in contact
with landfill contaminants, although access to the site is not restricted.
March 1995
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Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In efforts to comply with a 1980 Agreed Order, the NKPA
installed a leachate collection system, regraded portions of the site, constructed a clay
cap over the waste, and covered the area with vegetation. In response to another
Agreed Order, the NKPA completed a permanent vegetative cover over the site and began
designing a groundwater monitoring system. Operation and maintenance of the leachate collection
system continues.
Entire Site: The EPA implemented a monitoring program of surface water,
groundwater, and soil; restored and extended the leachate collection system; and
restored, regraded, and revegetated the existing clay cover. The site currently is
undergoing operation and maintenance activities, and the contamination concentrations are below
the standards set for the site. The EPA has initiated the process of deleting this site from the
NPL and will turn the operation and maintenance oversight responsibilities over to the State. In
1993, EPA finalized the first five-year review of the effectiveness of the remedy. The five-year
review showed that the cleanup actions that were performed at the site remain protective of
human health and the environment.
Site Facts: In 1978, the City of Newport and the Kentucky Department of Natural Resources
and Environmental Protection (KDNREP) entered into an Agreed Order to close the site as a
landfill. When ownership transferred from the City to the NKPA in 1979, the NKPA was
required to prepare the final closure plan for the site. In 1980, the NKPA and the KDNREP
reached an Agreed Order requiring proper closure of the site. A third Agreed Order superseding
the previous orders was entered into by the NKPA and the KDNREP in 1984. In 1992, the
potentially responsible parties for the site contamination entered into separate agreements with
EPA and the Department of Justice (DOJ) for reimbursement of EPA past response costs and
performance of operation and maintenance work at the site.
Environmental Progress
All cleanup activities have been completed at the Newport Dump site. The area is now safe to
nearby residents and the environment while the EPA completes the final process to delete the site
from the NPL and to transfer operation and maintenance responsibilities to the State.
Site Repository
Kenton County Public Library, 3130 Dixie Highway, Erlanger, KY 41018
March 1995 2 NEWPORT DUMP
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PADUCAH GA
DIFFUSION P
KENTUCKY
EPA ID# KY8890
EPA REGION 4
McCraken County
0 miles west of Paducah
Site Description
The 1,350-acre Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP) is a uranium-enrichment facility,
owned and operated by the Department of Energy (DOE). The site is located 3 miles south of
the Ohio River and 10 miles west of Paducah, Kentucky. PGDP performs the first step in the
uranium-enrichment process, which involves separating the uranium by diffusing it through a
barrier. Extensive support facilities are required to maintain the enrichment process, including a
steam plant, four major electrical switchyards, four sets of cooling towers, a building for
chemical cleaning and decontamination, a water treatment plant, and maintenance and laboratory
facilities. Approximately 740 acres of the plant are fenced, and an uninhabited buffer zone
surrounds the fence. PGDP started uranium-enrichment operations in 1952 and is currently
managed by Martin Marietta Energy Systems. Plant operations have generated hazardous,
non-hazardous, and radioactive wastes, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), technetium-99 (Tc-99), and multiple isotopes of uranium. In 1988,
DOE found Tc-99 in an off-site drinking water well located north of the site. VOCs also have
been detected in nearby private wells and in on-site monitoring wells. An estimated 1,400 people
obtain drinking water from wells within 4 miles of PGDP. In addition, DOE has detected PCBs
in on-site surface water and downstream of the plant in Big Bayou Creek and in Little Bayou
Creek. These creeks are part of the 2,100-acre West Kentucky Wildlife Management Area,
which is adjacent to the buffer area surrounding the site. In 1989, the State of Kentucky's
Division of Water issued a warning against eating fish caught in the Little Bayou Creek. The Big
Bayou Creek, however, currently is used for fishing.
Site Responsibility:
The site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 05/10/93
Final Date: 05/31/94
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with the VOC trichloroethene (TCE) and with Tc-99.
Surface water on and off site is contaminated with PCBs. Big Bayou Creek and Little
Bayou Creek are part of the 2,100-acre West Kentucky Wildlife Management Area,
which is located adjacent to the buffer area surrounding the site. People who come into
direct contact with or ingest contaminated groundwater, surface water, or fish caught in
the Little Bayou Creek may be at risk.
April 1 995
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Cleanup Approach
This site currently is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and five long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: DOE performed initial actions to ensure immediate risk reduction
from contaminants at the site. New water supply lines were connected for residents
using drinking water wells contaminated with releases from the plant. A silt fence
was also built around piles of scrap metal to prevent the migration of radionuclide-contaminated
sediments.
Northwest Plume: An interim remedy was selected in the summer of 1993 to
address groundwater contamination in the Northwest Plume. The interim remedy
calls for the installation of a groundwater containment pumping system that addresses
TCE and Tc-99 contamination. Construction of the system is nearing completion, and the system
is expected to begin operating in the fall of 1995. A decision on final actions for the Northwest
Plume will depend on information gathered from source investigations and other groundwater
investigations.
Northeast Plume: An interim remedy is expected to be selected in the summer of
1995 that calls for the installation of a groundwater extraction and treatment system
to address TCE contamination. Selecting a final remedy for the Northeast Plume will
depend on information gathered from source investigations and other groundwater investigations.
NS Division Ditch: An interim action was selected in the spring of 1994 to address
contamination in selected surface ditches. Cleanup actions are expected to begin in
the spring of 1995 and be completed in the fall of 1995. The activities call for the
containment of fly ash and reduction of Tc-99 migration in the surface ditches.
Waste Area Group #22: An interim remedy is expected to be selected in the fall
of 1995 that calls for the installation of a cap over a uranium waste landfill.
Additional study is planned to determine the nature and extent of contamination.
PCB-Spill Areas: In 1995, the EPA completed a field investigation to determine the
nature and extent of contamination at the PCB-Spill Areas. A remedy is expected to
be selected in 1996.
Site Facts: The State of Kentucky issued a warning in 1989 against eating fish caught in the
Little Bayou Creek.
April 1995 2 PADUCAH GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANT
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Environmental Progress
Supplying residents with new water lines and constructing a silt fence around piles of scrap have
reduced the risk for exposure to migrating contaminants at the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Site
while site investigations are being planned and cleanup activities are underway. The actions listed
above are the most significant environmental problems at the site. Future actions are prioritized
to first address sites posing the most risk to human health and the environment.
Site Repository
U.S. Department of Energy
Environmental Information Center
West Kentucky Technology Park
175 Freedom Boulevard
Kevil, Kentucky 42053
(502) 463-2550
PADUCAH GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANT
April 1995
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RED PENN ACA EP1RE?ION 4
^f^m^^ Oldham County
C A IVIIT A TION ^^^y1^^-^^^1 Vz miles southeast of Pewee Valley
COMPANY
KENTUCKY
EPA ID# KYD981469794
Site Description
Red Perm Sanitation Company Landfill site covers approximately 150 acres. From 1954 to 1986,
85 acres of the site were used for waste disposal and the remaining land was used as a borrow
area. The landfill was first licensed by the Oldham County Health Department in 1959. The site
was licensed by the Commonwealth of Kentucky as a 40-acre sanitary landfill in 1968 and
operated until 1986, when the permit expired. From 1967 to 1974, 2,000 to 3,000 drums of
"drawing solution" from a manufacturing facility were disposed of allegedly in the permitted area
of the landfill. The electromagnetic wire manufacturing process used by the manufacturer
generated wastes which normally contain phenol, acids, xylene, and xylenol. An estimated 7,800
drums of paint waste and sludge from a truck plant were suspected to have been disposed of at
the landfill in a 5-year period beginning in 1968. In 1986, the Kentucky Division of Waste
Management was notified by one of the owners of Red Perm Sanitation Company that suspected
hazardous wastes, including drums, had been found at the site. Recent studies have concluded
that site contamination is localized and not likely to migrate beyond the immediate landfill
boundaries. In addition, levels of contaminants were found to be low and unlikely to pose risks
to human health or the environment. However, because the landfill was never properly closed,
discussions are in progress with the potentially responsible parties to correct site deficiencies.
Approximately 850 people obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of the site. Floyd's
Fork, a major stream, borders the landfill. The Peewee Valley Women's Reformatory originally
drew water from this intake, but the facility currently draws water from the municipal water
system. Creeks that border the site currently are used for fishing, swimming, and livestock
watering.
_. _ ..... , . . . , . ,, , , , NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
March 1995
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Threats and Contaminants
Initial site evaluations indicated that the groundwater could be contaminated. The soil
is marginally contaminated with heavy metals such as lead and chromium, and volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) such as toluene and xylene from the drums found on the
site. A drainage ditch on the site is contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) and selenium. Trespassers and future cleanup workers, if not adequately
protected, may be exposed to contaminants in the waste and surface soils through
inhalation or accidental ingestion. People swimming, wading, or fishing in the creeks
might be exposed to contaminants through direct contact. People who eat fish taken
from the creeks, or consume milk or meat products from nearby livestock, crops, or
garden produce, may be exposed to contaminants. However, recent sampling data
have shown that site contamination is localized and not likely to migrate beyond the
immediate landfill boundaries. In addition, a recently completed investigation indicates
that levels of contamination at the site would not jeopardize human health or the
environment.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Approximately 220 tons of drums and soil were removed
from two areas on the property in 1986 during an immediate action financed by the
owners of the landfill.
Entire Site: An investigation was conducted at the site to determine the extent and
types of any contamination present and to identify potential risks to human health and
the environment posed by the conditions at the site. The study was completed in
1993. The investigation concluded that the site did not pose a risk that required a long-term
cleanup action by the EPA based on available information. However, current site conditions
would warrant a proper landfill closure. The State is working with the potentially responsible
parties, in conjunction with the EPA to properly close the landfill.
Environmental Progress
The immediate drum removal action described above has reduced surface contamination and
limited the potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the site while further work leading
to the proper closure of the landfill is in progress. Site contamination is localized and not likely
to migrate beyond immediate landfill boundaries.
March 1995 2 RED PENN SANITATION COMPANY LANDFILL
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Site Repository
South Oldham Library, 6720 W. Highway 146, Crestwood, Kentucky 40014
(502)241-1108
RED PENN SANITATION COMPANY LANDFILL
March 1995
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SMITH'S FARM
KENTUCKY
EPA ID# KYD097267
EPA REGION 4
Bullitt County
miles southwest of Shepherdsville
Site Description
The Smith's Farm site is a 460-acre area that includes a STVa-acre landfill and over 30 acres
where unpermitted dumping occurred over a 30-year period. These two areas contain over
100,000 drums, many of which are buried or partly buried. Several leachate streams at the site
drain into an unnamed tributary and then into Bluelick Creek. More than 500 people live within a
1-mile radius of the site. The nearest residence is less than 1A mile away, and a trailer park is
located south of the site. Area residents obtain drinking water from a public water supply.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
ZGJ
Sediments and soil are contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
plastics, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),
and heavy metals including arsenic, chromium, lead, and nickel. Landfill leachate on
site is contaminated with VOCs, phenols, creosote compounds, and heavy metals.
Shallow groundwater on site is contaminated with VOCs and heavy metals, including
barium, chromium, lead, nickel, iron, magnesium, and zinc. Drinking or otherwise
coming into contact with contaminated surface water may present health hazards.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the drum disposal site and cleanup of the landfill and deeper groundwater.
March 1995
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1984, the EPA constructed access roads to the drum
disposal site to make it possible to retrieve drums, and then staged and transported
2,000 drums off site. Certain non-flammable hazardous materials were loaded into
trucks and shipped for off-site disposal. PCB-laden liquid was analyzed and properly disposed of.
The EPA also transported empty drums from the site. In 1988, the EPA sampled nearby drinking
water wells and provided a temporary water supply to nearby residences. The EPA also installed
fencing, gates, and warning signs at all site entrances.
Drum Disposal Site: In the spring of 1989, an EPA-funded investigation was
completed. In the fall of 1989, the EPA selected incineration of wastes, soils, and
sediments for cleanup of the drum disposal site. Additionally, an 11-acre approved
landfill was to be built. However, the design investigation in 1990 indicated that the volume of
soil to be treated was much smaller than previously determined. In 1991, the EPA modified the
1989 remedy to substitute chemical treatment for incineration. The parties potentially responsible
for the site contamination completed the design of the modified remedy in 1993. Construction
activities began in 1994. As of the fall of 1994, the treatment of 20,100 cubic yards of soil to
remove PCBs and PAHs had been completed. The cleanup action is expected to be completed by
early 1996.
Landfill and Deeper Groundwater: A study conducted by the potentially
responsible parties to determine the type and extent of contamination at the permitted
landfill, in the deeper groundwater, and in additional suspected areas along the
largest stream on site was completed in 1992. The selected remedy for the formerly-permitted
landfill was chosen in the fall of 1993. The selected remedy calls for a federally-regulated closure
of the landfills which includes: consolidation of waste material; installation of a leachate
collection and treatment system; and capping the entire landfill. The cleanup design is expected to
be completed in early 1996. Construction of the remedy is expected to be completed late in 1997.
Site Facts: The landfill's permit application was allowed to expire by the Commonwealth of
Kentucky in 1989. One potentially responsible party signed a Consent Order in 1989 to conduct a
study of the contamination at the permitted landfill. A Unilateral Administrative Order was issued
by the EPA March 15, 1990, governing design and cleanup actions at the drum disposal site by
the potentially responsible parties. A second Unilateral Administrative Order was issued by the
EPA on April, 1994, governing the design and cleanup of the former permitted landfill by the
potentially responsible parties.
March 1995 2 SMITH'S FARM
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Environmental Progress
The immediate removal actions at the drum disposal site and the initial provision of a temporary
safe water supply to affected residents have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous
substances while further long-term cleanup activities are being planned at the Smith's Farm site.
The potential for exposure has been further reduced by the installation of a newer, larger, public
water supply line into the area, making more drinking water available to nearby residences. The
former drum disposal area also was fenced, thus further reducing exposure potential.
Additionally, the planned cap, fencing, and leachate collection/treatment system at the formerly
permitted landfill will further decrease total exposure potential and, therefore, eliminate site risk.
Site Repository
Bullitt County Public Library, Ridgeway Memorial Library, Second and Walnut Streets,
Shepherdsville, KY 40165
SMITH'S FARM
March 1995
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TRI-CITY INDUS!
DISPOSAL S
KENTUCKY
EPA ID# KYD981028350
EPA REGION 4
Bullitt County
Shepherdsville
Site Description
The Tri-City Industrial Disposal Company operated a 57-acre industrial landfill at this 349-acre
site. From 1964 to late 1967, wastes from industries in the Louisville area were accepted
including scrap lumber, fiberglass insulation materials, and liquid wastes. In 1968, State officials
reported that highly volatile liquid wastes resembling paint thirmers were disposed of on site. A
1968 aerial photograph suggests that several hundred drums were on the surface and several
others were buried. During the landfill's operation, no State or Federal permit was required. In
1987, the Kentucky Division of Waste Management (KDWM) detected organic contaminants in
groundwater and soil samples taken from the site. Several residences are located on and adjacent
to the former disposal areas; a portion of the site is used for agricultural purposes such as
pastures and small gardens. Approximately 1,600 people obtain drinking water from springs and
wells within 3 miles of the site. All surface drainage flows south where it enters Brushy Fork of
Knob Creek. This creek is 2,200 feet downslope of the site and is used for livestock watering
and recreational activities.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were found in groundwater and two springs. One
sediment sample from a tributary to Knob Creek was contaminated with heavy metals
such as lead, chromium, and mercury. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), heavy
metals, various organic compounds, and creosotes have been found in site soils.
Drinking or coming into contact with contaminated water threatens the health of the
nearby population; however, the water from the springs is no longer used as a
drinking water source.
March 1995
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: emergency actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: The EPA provided an alternate water source to three area
families and transported all excavated drums and contaminated soil off site in 1988.
Entire Site: The EPA selected a final cleanup strategy in 1991 which includes
sampling of additional areas and treatment of groundwater. The EPA will select
additional cleanup activities if sampling indicates contamination in areas not currently
being addressed. The potentially responsible parties began designing the selected remedy in early
1992, and initiated cleanup actions in the fall of 1993. Operation and maintenance activities,
which are ongoing, consist of pumping and treating contaminated groundwater at two springs.
Monitoring of additional springs and monitoring wells continue to determine if additional cleanup
work is needed.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate water supply and excavation of contaminated drums and soil have
reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Tri-City Industrial Disposal Co.
site. Treatment of contaminated groundwater has mitigated the release of groundwater
contaminants to two creeks at the site.
Site Repository
Bullitt County Public Library, Ridgeway Memorial Library, Second and Walnut Streets,
Shepherdsville, KY 40165
March 1995
TRI-CITY DISPOSAL CO.
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