vvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste And
Emergency Response
(5201 G)
SUPERFUND:
EPA/540/R-95/111
PB95-962943
9200.5-740C
May 1995
Progress at
National
Priority
List Sites
SOUTH CAROLINA
1995 UPDATE
Printed on Recycled Paper
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How to Use the NPL Book
The site fact sheets presented in this book
are comprehensive summaries that cover a
broad range of information. The fact sheets
describe hazardous waste sites on the NPL and
their locations, as well as the conditions
leading to their listing ("Site Description").
The summaries list the types of contaminants
that have been discovered and related threats
to public and ecological health ("Threats and
Contaminants"). "Cleanup Approach" pres-
ents an overview of the cleanup activities
completed, underway, or planned. The fact
sheets conclude with a brief synopsis of how
much progress has been made in protecting
public health and the environment. The
summaries also pinpoint other actions, such as
legal efforts to involve polluters responsible
for site contamination and community con-
cerns.
The fact sheets are arranged in alphabetical
order by site name. Because site cleanup is a
dynamic and gradual process, all site informa-
tion is accurate as of the date shown on the
bottom of each page. Progress is always being
made at NPL sites, and the EPA periodically
will update the site fact sheets to reflect recent
actions. The following two pages show a
generic fact sheet and briefly describe the
information under each section.
How Can You Use
This State Book?
You can use this book to keep informed
about the sites that concern you, particu-
larly ones close to home. The EPA is commit-
ted to involving the public in the decision
making process associated with hazardous
waste cleanup. The Agency solicits input from
area residents in communities affected by
Superfund sites. Citizens are likely to be
affected not only by hazardous site conditions,
but also by the remedies that combat them.
Site cleanups take many forms and can affect
communities in different ways. Local traffic
may be rerouted, residents may be relocated,
temporary water supplies may be necessary.
Definitive information on a site can help
citizens sift through alternatives and make
decisions. To make good choices, you must
know what the threats are and how the EPA
intends to clean up the site. You must under-
stand the cleanup alternatives being proposed
for site cleanup and how residents may be
affected by each one. You also need to have
some idea of how your community intends to
use the site in the future, and you need to know
what the community can realistically expect
once the cleanup is complete.
The EPA wants to develop cleanup methods
that meet community needs, but the Agency
only can take local concerns into account if it
understands what they are. Information must
travel both ways in order for cleanups to be
effective and satisfactory. Please take this
opportunity to learn more, become involved,
and assure that hazardous waste cleanup at
"your" site considers your community's
concerns.
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NPL LISTING HISTORY
Provides the dates when the
site was Proposed, made Final,
and Deleted from the NPL.
SITE RESPONSIBILITY
Identifies the Federal, State,
and/or potentially responsible
parties taking responsibility
for cleanup actions at the site.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROGRESS
Summarizes the actions to
reduce the threats to nearby
residents and the surrounding
environment and the progress
towards cleaning up the site.
SITE NAME
STATE
EPAID# ABCOOOOOOO
Site Description
EPA REGION XX
COUNTY NAME
LOCATION
Other Names:
: xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx :
: xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx \
: xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxx x xxx .
XXXXXXX XXX i il imriliiiXjHIII II n XXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXX :
xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx*>imxicxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXSftimXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXX XXX XXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXX XlBftll^XXX XXXXXX XX XXXX XXX XXXXX XXX XXXXX XXX XXXXX
Site Responsibility:
xxxxxx xxx xxxxx :
xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx
NPL Listing History
Proposed XX/XX/XX
Final XX/XX/XX
Threats and Contaminants
xxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XX XXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX
XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX
XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX X XXX XX
XXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX
Cleanup Approach
xxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xx;
XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX X XXX XXXXXXXX
Response Action Status
xxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx ;
XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XX XXXXXXXXX XX :
XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX :
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX :
XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX X XXX XX XXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXX
XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXX
XXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXX :
Site Facts:
xxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XX XXXXXXXXX XX
XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX X XXX
^S(XXXXXX XXX XXXXXX
Environmental Progress
xxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx
XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XX XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXX
XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX X XXX XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX XXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
Site Repository
XXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX
\
SITE REPOSITORY
Lists the location of the primary site repository. The site
repository may include community relations plans, public
meeting announcements and minutes, fact sheets, press
releases, and other site-related documents.
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SITE DESCRIPTION
This section describes the location and history of the site. It includes descrip-
tions of the most recent activities and past actions at the site that have con-
tributed to the contamination. Population estimates, land usages, and nearby
resources give readers background on the local setting surrounding the site.
THREATS AND CONTAMINANTS
The major chemical categories of site contamination are noted, as well as
which environmental resources are affected. Icons representing each of the
affected resources (may include air, groundwater, surface water, soil, and
contamination to environmentally sensitive areas) are included in the margins
of this section. Potential threats to residents and the surrounding environ-
ments arising from the site contamination also are described.
CLEANUP APPROACH
This section contains a brief overview of how the site is being cleaned up.
RESPONSE ACTION STATUS
Specific actions that have been accomplished or will be undertaken to clean
up the site are described here. Cleanup activities at NPL sites are divided
into separate phases, depending on the complexity and required actions at the
site. Two major types of cleanup activities often are described: initial,
immediate, or emergency actions to quickly remove or reduce imminent
threats to the community and surrounding areas; and long-term remedial
phases directed at final cleanup at the site. Each stage of the cleanup strategy
is presented in this section of the summary. Icons representing the stage of
the cleanup process (initial actions, site investigations, EPA selection of the
cleanup remedy, engineering design phase, cleanup activities underway, and
completed cleanup) are located in the margin next to each activity descrip-
tion.
SITE FACTS
Additional information on activities and events at the site are included in this
section. Often details on legal or administrative actions taken by the EPA to
achieve site cleanup or other facts pertaining to community involvement with
the site cleanup process are reported here.
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Guide to the NPL Book Icons
The "icons," or symbols, accompanying the text allow the reader to see at a glance which envi-
ronmental resources are affected and the status of cleanup activities at the site.
Icons in the Threats
and Contaminants
Section
Icons in the Response
Action Status Section
Contaminated Groundwater re-
sources in the vicinity or underlying
the site. (Groundwater is often used
as a drinking water source.)
Contaminated Surface Water and
Sediments on or near the site.
(These include lakes, ponds,
streams, and rivers.)
Contaminated Air in the vicinity of
the site. (Air pollution usually is
periodic and involves contaminated
dust particles or hazardous gas
emissions.)
Contaminated Soil and Sludges on
or near the site. (This contamination
category may include bulk or other
surface hazardous wastes found on
the site.)
Threatened or contaminated Envi-
ronmentally Sensitive Areas in the
vicinity of the site. (Examples
include wetlands and coastal areas
or critical habitats.)
Initial, Immediate, or Emergency
Actions have been taken or are
underway to eliminate immediate
threats at the site.
Site Studies at the site to determine
the nature and extent of contamina-
tion are planned or underway.
Remedy Selected indicates that site
investigations have been concluded,
and the EPA has selected a final
cleanup remedy for the site or part
of the site.
Remedy Design means that engi-
neers are preparing specifications
and drawings for the selected
cleanup technologies.
Cleanup Ongoing indicates that the
selected cleanup remedies for the
contaminated site, or part of the site,
currently are underway.
Cleanup Complete shows that all
cleanup goals have been achieved
for the contaminated site or part of
the site.
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EPA ID
NUMBER SITE NAME
SCD058754789 AQUA-TECH ENVIRONMENTAL INC. (GROCE LABS)
SCD000447268 BEAUNIT CORP. (CIRCULAR KNIT & DYE)
SCD980558316 CAROLAWN, INC.
SCD980839542 ELMORE WASTE DISPOSAL
SCD980711279 GEIGER (C & M OIL)
SCD980799456 GOLDEN STRIP SEPTIC TANK SERVICE
SCD058753971 HELENA CHEMICAL CO. LANDFILL
SCD004773644 INDEPENDENT NAIL CO.
SCD094995503 KALAMA SPECIALTY CHEMICALS
SCD980310239 KOPPERS CO., INC. (CHARLESTON PLANT)
SCD003353026 KOPPERS CO., INC. (FLORENCE PLANT)
SCD991 279324 LEONARD CHEMICAL CO., INC.
SCD980558043 LEXINGTON COUNTY LANDFILL AREA
SCD980558142 MEDLEY FARM DRUM DUMP
SCD037398120 PALMETTO RECYCLING, INC.
SCD003362217 PALMETTO WOOD PRESERVING
SCD002601656 PARA-CHEM SOUTHERN, INC.
SC61 70022762 PARRIS ISLAND MARINE CORPS RECRUIT DEPOT
SCD980840698 ROCHESTER PROPERTY
SCD980844005 ROCK HILL CHEMICAL CO.
SCD003354412 SANGAMO WESTON/TWELVE-MILE/HARTWELL PCB
SC1 890008989 SAVANNAH RIVER SITE (USDOE)
SCD000622787 SCRDI BLUFF ROAD
SCD980711394 SCRDI DIXIANA
SCD980558050 TOWNSEND SAW CHAIN CO.
SCD037405362 WAMCHEM, INC.
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AQUA-TECH _^-^ ES**2,4
Greer
(GROCE
LABORATORIES)
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SCD058754789
Site Description
Aqua-Tech Environmental Inc. (Groce Laboratories) is a 35-acre, inactive treatment, storage, and
disposal facility. From about 1940 until 1968, the property was used as a municipal solid waste
landfill. The city of Greer purchased the property in 1968, then sold it to Groce Laboratories in
1974. Groce Laboratories operated a hazardous waste treatment, storage, and reclamation facility
over the former landfill site. Aqua-Tech Environmental, Inc. (Aqua-Tech) purchased the
operations in the Spring of 1987 and continued to accept, store, and treat hazardous wastes, as
well as a variety of other solid wastes. Most wastes were accepted in drum containers; however,
bulk wastes, gas cylinders, and lab packs also were accepted. Between 1976 and 1991, over
41,000,000 pounds of hazardous waste were documented as having been sent to the site.
Containers and debris were located throughout the facility, and many of the drums, tanks, and
cylinders were deteriorated, leaking, and improperly stored. On September 4, 1991, after several
complaints, EPA inspection violations, and on-site accidents, the Aqua-Tech facility was ordered
closed by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) due to
the large volume of improperly stored hazardous waste and the imminent threat to public health.
Upon closing Aqua-Tech, the EPA, SCDHEC, and the potentially responsible parties conducted
an emergency removal of surface contaminants. EPA, SCDHEC, and Aqua-Tech investigations
indicate significant contamination throughout the site including soils, drainage pathways, surface
water, and groundwater. All surface water runoff from the property drains south into Maple
Creek, which borders the site. Maple Creek flows eastward until it drains into the South Tyger
River, which is used for fishing, and is a potential future municipal drinking water source.
Approximately 10 homes are located within a few hundred yards of the site and all of the homes
in the area use private wells. Sampling of these wells has not shown contamination.
_. _ ..... _ . . , . ., , ^ , NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: The site is being addressed through Proposed Date- 08/23/94
Federal, State and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
October 1994
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Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, surface water, and soil are contaminated. Primary contaminants include
metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Gas cylinders containing phosgene
and other toxic gases, unexploded ordnance material, and small amounts of low-level
radioactive material and biohazard material have been found at the site. Maple Creek
and its sources are contaminated with heavy metals including cadmium, chromium,
cobalt, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc. Touching or ingesting contaminated
ground water, surface water, or soil could pose a health threat.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate emergency action and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Action: After the site was closed in 1991, the SCDHEC conducted
emergency stabilization activities. The EPA assumed these activities in early 1992,
and more than 90 potentially responsible parties continued emergency response
activities. Emergency stabilization activities included the removal of approximately 7,000 drums
and lab packs, 97 above-ground storage tanks, 1,200 gas cylinders (some containing phosgene
and other toxic gases), unexploded ordnance material, and small amounts of low-level radioactive
material and biohazard material. Site stabilization and removal and treatment of containerized
wastes were completed in early 1994.
Entire Site: The EPA is planning to conduct an investigation of the nature and
extent of site contamination. Once this investigation has been completed, alternatives
for final cleanup will be evaluated.
Site Facts: The EPA issued Unilateral Administrative Orders compelling more than 90
potentially responsible parties to conduct the emergency response activities at the site.
Environmental Progress
The emergency removal of contaminated drums, tanks, and cylinders has reduced the immediate
risk to people and the environment while further site investigations are being planned.
October 1994 2 AQUA-TECH ENVIRONMENTAL INC.
(GROCE LABORATORIES)
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Site Repository
Not yet established.
AQUA-TECH ENVIRONMENTAL INC.
(GROCE LABORATORIES)
October 1 994
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BEAUNIT CORP-^-^^^c^j EprA REGION 4
XT^B Y~T ^TTE i Greenville County
(CIRCULAR K^^t^ L
AND DYEING PLAl
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SCD000447268
Site Description
The Beaunit Corporation (Circular Knit and Dyeing Plant) site consists of a 70-foot diameter
abandoned, unlined, former wastewater lagoon located in Fountain Inn. From 1952 to 1977, the
site was used to treat dye waste generated from the Circular Knit and Dyeing Plant. The old
textile facility currently is used for the manufacture of tennis balls. There is no present discharge
of wastewater to the lagoon; however, sludge discharged from the previous facility is located on
the bottom of the lagoon. Because of a breach in the lagoon, there was a discharge into an
unnamed stream that flows northwest to join Howard Branch. Testing in 1985 by the South
Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) found a variety of
contaminants in the lagoon and its sediments, in fill material adjacent to the lagoon, and in a
nearby creek. Approximately 1,000 people live within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
Final Date: 02/16/90
Threats and Contaminants
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals including chromium and lead were
found in on-site sediments and soil. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were found
in the lagoon and the unnamed stream that flows northwest to join Howard Branch.
Because the soils in the area are permeable and groundwater is shallow, contaminants
could easily migrate into the groundwater.
March 1995
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: An intensive investigation into the nature and extent of contamination at
the site began in mid-1992. Field sampling data indicate contamination is limited to
the lagoon sediments and fill material adjacent to the lagoon. Very little contamination
was found in the ground water. This investigation was completed in 1994, and the EPA is
expected to select a remedy for final cleanup of the site in 1995.
Site Facts: The EPA issued General and Special Notice Letters to the potentially responsible
parties requesting their participation in site cleanup activities. An Administrative Order on
Consent was signed by five potentially responsible parties on February 21, 1992 to perform a site
study. The EPA held a public meeting in the community on August 31, 1992, after conducting
an extensive number of interviews with people in the community during April and May of 1992.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined
that no immediate actions were needed at the Beaunit Corp. (Circular Knit and Dyeing Plant) site
while further studies and cleanup activities are taking place. A risk assessment completed in
1993, showed no unacceptable risks to area residents. EPA issued a proposed plan for site
cleanup in November 1994 and is gathering public comment prior to selection of a final remedy.
Site Repository
Fountain Inn Branch, Greenville County Library, 400 North Main Street, Fountain Inn, South
Carolina 29644. (803) 862-2576
March 1995 2 BEAUNIT CORP. (CIRCULAR KNIT
AND DYEING PLANT)
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CAROLAWN, I
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SCD980558316
EPA REGION 4
Chester County
Fort Lawn
Site Description
The Carolawn, Inc. site is an abandoned 3-acre waste storage and disposal facility that was
owned by various companies until the Carolawn Company bought the site in 1977. Several
hundred drums of chemical wastes, including acids, bases, organic solvents, and contaminated
soil, were stored both outside and inside the fenced site. Some drums were damaged in a fire,
and others were corroded and leaking. Four 2,000-gallon tanks of solvents were located on site.
A lagoon was used for disposal of waste sludges. Carolawn constructed two incinerators;
however, they never were used to dispose of wastes. State inspections in 1979 revealed improper
storage of wastes and a lack of progress toward disposal of waste materials. The company was
not able to obtain a permit for incineration and went bankrupt in 1980. During the same year, the
South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) sampled three
private wells and found them to be contaminated. Approximately 100 people live within a 1-mile
radius of the site; 2,000 people live within 4 miles. In the past, significant amounts of
contaminated runoff from the site had migrated into a tributary of the Catawba River, which
supplied drinking water to the town of Lugaff.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with lead, chloroform, and various volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Arsenic, lead, and methylene chloride were detected in stream
sediments. The soil contains lead, and the surface water is contaminated with
chloroform. People who accidentally come into direct contact with or ingest
contaminated groundwater, surface water, soil, or sediments may be at risk.
February 1 995
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the entire site and the former drum storage areas.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1981 and 1982, the EPA removed contaminated sludge and
solid waste from the lagoon. The liquid wastes were recycled, and the solid wastes
were disposed of in a federally approved facility. In 1985, alternate drinking water
was provided by Carolawn to nearby homes. In 1986, the EPA extended the municipal water
lines to the affected residences, and the EPA removed approximately 1,000 drums, 220,000
gallons of liquid wastes, 5,000 gallons of contaminated water, and the tanks stored outside the
fence to a federally approved facility.
Entire Site: In 1989, the EPA chose a remedy to clean up the site, which included:
installing a groundwater extraction system; removing pollutants by various techniques
including filtering the groundwater through an activated carbon filter, contact with air
to evaporate contaminants, or biological treatment; monitoring the groundwater; and further
sampling of soil north of the fenced area (former drum storage areas). Designs for the remedies
were completed in 1993, and the cleanup activities are scheduled to be completed in mid-1995.
Former Drum Storage Areas: The EPA conducted preliminary studies of the
former drum storage areas located to the west and north of the Carolawn site in 1990.
These studies indicated the presence of organic chemicals and heavy metals. Further
investigations are expected to be completed in early 1995, at which time a remedy will be
selected to cleanup area contamination.
Site Facts: The parties potentially responsible for the site contamination have signed an
Administrative Order, which specifies how design and construction activities will be completed.
In December 1991, a Consent Decree was entered by the court triggering the Carolawn Steering
Committee contractors to begin the cleanup designs and activities.
Environmental Progress
The removal of sludge and solid and liquid wastes has reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminated materials at the Carolawn, Inc. site. These actions and the extension of municipal
water lines have reduced risks to the public health and the environment, while groundwater
cleanup is underway and investigations of the former drum storage areas are taking place.
February 1995 2 CAROLAWN, INC.
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Site Repository
Lancaster County Public Library, 313 South White Street, Lancaster, SC 29720
CAROLAWN, INC.
February 1995
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ELMORE WAST
DISPOSAL
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SCD980839542
EPA REGION 4
Spartanburg County
Greer
Site Description
The Elmore Waste Disposal site is a grassy field covering approximately 1/2 acre in a primarily
residential area. Drums containing unknown liquid wastes were deposited there between 1975 and
1977. In response to citizens' complaints of odors coming from the site, the South Carolina
Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) inspected the site and found
numerous 55-gallon drums, some of which were leaking, and a 6,000-gallon buried tank. In
1977, the owner of the Elmore site signed a Consent Order with the State of South Carolina and
conducted a partial cleanup of the site. However, after this action, at least 25 drums and the bulk
tank remained. Unauthorized use of the site to store drummed wastes continued. In 1980, the
owner was instructed to stop cleanup actions until sampling was performed to verify the adequacy
of earlier efforts. Investigations of site conditions by SCDHEC in 1986 and 1987 confirmed that
the soil, sediments, and surface waters remained contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and chromium. Wards Creek, a small tributary to the South Tyger River, flows about
700 feet to the north of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal and State
actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
On-site monitoring wells have detected contamination from various VOCs from
former drum storage activities. The soil is contaminated with heavy metals.
Monitoring wells at the site have shown groundwater contamination since 1987. No
private wells are located within 1/2 mile of the site. Other nearby private wells have
remained uncontaminated.
March 1995
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing
on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: The owner of the Elmore site attempted a partial cleanup in 1977
by surrounding some of the leaking drums with wood shavings, removing some of
the deteriorated drums, and excavating and drumming some of the contaminated
surface soil. The State completed this phase of the cleanup in 1986 by removing approximately
5,500 tons of contaminated soil and debris and 16,800 pounds of contaminated liquids to a
hazardous waste facility. This action removed the source of contamination and eliminated
immediate threats to neighboring residents.
Entire Site: EPA conducted an investigation of the site between mid-1991 and late
1992. During this investigation, it was confirmed that private drinking water wells
are not threatened by groundwater contamination at the site. In the spring of 1993,
EPA selected a remedy for the site consisting of removal and disposal of a small volume of
contaminated soil, and construction of a pump and treat system to cleanup groundwater. The
removal and disposal of contaminated soil was completed in mid-1994. The design of the
groundwater system is underway and expected to be complete in early 1995.
Site Facts: In 1977, the owner of Elmore Waste Disposal entered into a Consent Order with the
State to clean up and properly dispose of the waste. No viable responsible party has been
identified as yet.
Environmental Progress
The removal of soil and drums has greatly reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous
substances at the Elmore Waste Disposal site while cleanup activities are taking place.
Site Repository
Greer Branch Library, 113 School Street, Greer, SC 29651
March 1995 2 ELMORE WASTE DISPOSAL
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GEIGER
(C & M OIL)
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SCD980711279
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Charleston County
1 mile northeast of Rantowles
Other Names:
Wm L Sires/C & M Oil
United Pollution Control
The Geiger (C & M Oil) site occupies about 5 acres*- In 1969, Adams Run Services, Inc. was
permitted to incinerate waste oil at the site. In 1971, eight unlined lagoons were constructed to
hold the waste oil. In response to complaints from area residents, the South Carolina Pollution
Control Authority ordered all incineration and waste disposal activities at the site stopped; also,
the owner was required to take action to prevent spillage, leakage, or seepage of oil from the
site. In 1974, the Charleston County Health Department ordered the site closed, citing evidence
of recent oil dumping and overflowing. In 1982, the site was purchased and, in 1983, the lagoons
were filled with local soils, since the owners requests to excavate and dispose of contaminated
soil were denied. The site since has been used for the storage of equipment by Pile Drivers, Inc.
Crops, pasture lands, and sand borrow pits are scattered within 1 mile of the site. Approximately
40 people live within 1/4 mile of the site. The closest population center is the town of Rantowles,
located a mile northeast; the town of Hollywood is 4 miles west of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals, specifically lead and chromium,
from former activities at the site. The sediments are contaminated with low levels of
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The soil and surface water are contaminated with
all the contaminants listed above. Workers or residents may be exposed to health
hazards if direct contact is made with contaminated sediments, soils, surface water, or
groundwater from the shallow aquifer wells. Runoff from the site flows through
hardwood swamps and marshes.
March 1995
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of
groundwater and soil.
Response Action Status
Groundwater: A groundwater investigation was conducted at the site after initial
cleanup decisions were made. The work involved the inspection of existing monitoring
wells, and the installation of additional monitoring wells and off-site residential
drinking water wells. The cleanup remedy selected involves removing and treating the
contaminated groundwater, which then will flow to an off-site stream. Design of the pump and
treat system was completed in 1992. Cleanup activities are underway and are expected to be
completed in late 1995.
Soil: The cleanup process that the EPA is performing includes solidifying the soil to
ensure that the contaminants cannot leave the soil, followed by grading and covering
the site. Soil cleanup criteria for lead, chromium and various organics were
established. The engineering design of the cleanup technologies was completed in late 1991. The
cleanup of the soil is expected to be completed in 1995.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined
that no immediate actions were required at the Geiger (C&M Oil) site while cleanup actions are
continuing.
Site Repository
Hollywood Town Hall, 6316 Highway 162, Hollywood, SC 29449
March 1995
GEIGER (C&M OIL)
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GOLDEN
SEPTIC TANK
SERVICE
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SCD980799456
Site Description
The Golden Strip Septic Tank Service site consists of five abandoned lagoons covering 10 acres
on a farm. From 1960 to 1975, the company deposited septic tank discharge, plating wastes, and
other liquids from nearby industries into the lagoons. The lagoons were unlined and had no
structures to prevent rainfall runoff from spreading wastes. In 1978, three lagoons that had dried
up were filled with dirt; two still contain liquids. Tests conducted by the South Carolina
Department of Health and Environmental Control and the EPA indicated contamination of
groundwater, sediments in an unnamed stream that runs through the site as well as heavy metals
contamination in the lagoons. Approximately 1,600 people live within 3 miles of the site. A
public water supply is available for use by homes in the surrounding subdivision, but a few
private wells were identified in the area. The site is in the drainage basin of Gilder Creek.
o-* r> -U-I-* TU- v AA A*, u NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Proposed Date- 01/22/8?
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
Final Date: 07/07/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains heavy metals including chromium, cadmium, lead, and zinc,
which have leached from the lagoons. The sediments and surface/subsurface soils in
the immediate vicinity of the lagoon area are contaminated with heavy metals. People
who use contaminated spring or well water for drinking water supplies may be at risk.
Individuals who trespass on the fenced site and accidentally come into direct contact
with or ingest contaminated soil or groundwater may suffer health threats.
March 1995
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The parties potentially responsible for site contamination completed a
study of the type and extent of groundwater and other contamination at the site in
1991. Subsequently, the EPA chose a remedy to clean up the site, which includes:
excavating and treating approximately 30,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil and lagoon sludge
by solidification/fixation, with backfill of treated material into on-site excavations; discharging
approximately 2 million gallons of surface water impounded in on-site lagoons into local public
water treatment systems; long-term monitoring of site groundwater; and implementing
institutional controls and an easement to prohibit future development of the property. The design
of the selected remedy was completed in 1993 and actual cleanup of the site began in the summer
of 1994. Excavation and treatment of the contaminated material is expected to be completed by
the fall of 1995.
Site Facts: The potentially responsible parties have signed an Consent Decree with the EPA to
perform cleanup activities.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined
that no immediate actions were needed at the Golden Strip Septic Tank Service site while final
cleanup actions are taking place.
Site Repository
Greenville Public Library, South Carolina Room, 300 College Street, Greenville, SC 29601
March 1995 2 GOLDEN STRIP SEPTIC TANK SERVICE
-------
HELENA CHEMICAL
COMPANY
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SCD058753971
EPA REGION 4
Allendale County
Fairfax
Site Description
From 1971 to 1978, the Helena Chemical Company formulated pesticides in Fairfax; previous
operations date from the early 1960s. The company disposed of pesticides and empty pesticide
containers in an unlined landfill. In 1985, the South Carolina Department of Health and
Environmental Control (SCDHEC) detected contaminants in the on-site shallow monitoring wells.
Sediments also were found to be contaminated. The shallow aquifer is connected to the lower
aquifer, potentially permitting contaminated water to move into it. The lower aquifer provides
water to Fairfax municipal wells within 3 miles of the site. These wells serve approximately
2,200 people. The nearest municipal well is about 500 feet away from the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/16/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, soil, and sediments are contaminated with various pesticides from the
former disposal of pesticide wastes. People who come in direct contact with or
accidentally ingest contaminated ground water or sediments may be at risk. Wetland
areas adjacent to the site are at risk of contamination.
March 1995
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing
on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1984, under State supervision, the company removed some of
the waste, transported it to an approved hazardous waste facility, and covered the site
with clay. A second removal action was undertaken in 1992, which consisted of
excavating and transporting additional waste to an approved disposal facility.
Entire Site: Helena Chemical completed an investigation of the type and extent of
contamination from pesticide disposal activities on the site in early 1993. In the fall
of 1993, EPA chose a remedy for site contamination based on the findings of the
investigation. The selected remedy requires: excavation and treatment of all contaminated soils;
extraction, treatment, and disposal of contaminated groundwater; and mitigation of the impacts
associated with contaminated sediments in wetland areas adjacent to the site. Design of the
cleanup remedies is underway and scheduled to be completed in late 1995.
Site Facts: In 1981, the State and Helena Chemical signed a Consent Order, requiring the
company to study the contamination and then clean up the site. In 1984, another agreement was
signed to cover the landfill and monitor the groundwater for 30 years. In March 1994, EPA
issued a Unilateral Administrative Order to Helena Chemical requiring them to implement the
selected remedy. Helena Chemical is presently in compliance with this Order.
Environmental Progress
The initial actions to remove wastes and to cover the area have reduced risks to the public health
at the Helena Chemical Company Landfill site while cleanup remedies are being designed by
Helena Chemical, under EPA and State oversight.
Site Repository
City Hall, Town of Fairfax, Highway 278 & Laurens Avenue, Fairfax, SC 29827
March 1995
HELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY LANDFILL
-------
INDEPENDEN
NAIL COMPAN
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SCD004773644
EPA REGION 4
Beaufort County
miles northwest of Beaufort
Other Names:
D. Blake & Johnson Company, Inc.
Site Description
The Independent Nail Company currently operates a paneling nail coating process on this site.
The previous owners of the site, the D. Blake and Johnson Co., manufactured metallic screws
and fasteners. As a part of the manufacturing process, the company discharged approximately
33,000 to 75,000 gallons per day of plating wastewater containing heavy metals into an unlined
infiltration lagoon. The lagoon was in use from 1969 to 1980, when Blake and Johnson ceased
operations. That same year, the Independent Nail Company purchased the plant. As part of the
process of selling the property, Blake and Johnson installed monitoring wells that showed some
effect from the lagoon on the groundwater. Further studies by the State also noted movement of
contaminants to groundwater. The surrounding area is a combination of fields, woodlands, and
wetlands. Approximately 25 people live within 1A mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This was addressed through Federal
and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
HAJ
The sediments, soil and groundwater were contaminated with cyanide and heavy
metals including chromium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury from the
former disposal activities. Coming into direct contact with the contaminated sediments
or soil was the primary means of potential human exposure; however, site access was
restricted by a fence in 1988. The surrounding fields, woodlands and wetlands are at
risk from contamination migration.
March 1995
-------
Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The EPA fenced the area around the lagoon in 1988 to
restrict access to the wastes on site.
Groundwater: After a thorough field investigation conducted by the EPA, it was
concluded that there was no risk to human health or the environment from the low
level of contaminants in the ground water. Thus, no action was required to clean up
the groundwater.
Entire Site: The EPA chose the following methods to clean up contaminated soils
and sediments at the site: excavation of contaminated soils and lagoon sediments;
solidification and stabilization of excavated soils and sediments; placement of treated
soils and sediments back into the excavation area with 6 inches of topsoil, followed by seeding.
The EPA completed these cleanup actions in 1988 and is working with the State to ensure proper
operation and maintenance at the site. With the completion of these actions, the EPA is planning
to delete the site from the NPL in the spring of 1995.
Environmental Progress
All cleanup activities have been completed at the Independent Nail Company site, and all surface
contamination has been cleaned up. Additionally, the EPA has determined that groundwater
resources do not pose a threat to the public and that no cleanup actions are required to address
low levels of contamination. Extensive evaluations of the completed remedy, as evidenced in a 5-
year review, have determined that the Independent Nail Company site now is safe to nearby
residents and the environment, and the EPA has begun the process to delete the site from the
NPL.
Site Repository
Beaufort County Library, 710 Craven Street, Beaufort, South Carolina 29901
March 1995
INDEPENDENT NAIL COMPANY
-------
KALAMA
SPECIALTY
CHEMICALS
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SCD094995503
EPA REGION 4
Beaufort County
miles northwest of Beaufort
Site Description
Two specialty chemical companies operated separately at the 50-acre Kalama Specialty Chemicals
site. From 1973 to 1977, the first firm, Vega Chemical, produced a wide range of chemicals in
small, special-order batches for manufacturers and larger chemical producers. Kalama bought the
property in 1977 to manufacture fosamine ammonium, an herbicide and plant-growth regulator.
The facility closed in 1979, after one of the reactors exploded. This event caused large-scale
spillage of various organic chemicals. Afterwards, the company purchased 34 acres that are now
part of the site, consisting of a former trailer park located just above the former chemical plant's
northern boundary. The trailers were removed, but several abandoned, dilapidated buildings still
remain. In 1988, the EPA reported that a construction company operated on Kalama property at
the eastern edge of the site, but it relocated that same year. The site contained a wastewater
lagoon that, at one time, overflowed into a tile drainage field and a separate holding lagoon. This
overflow, as well as the explosion, are suspected of contaminating shallow groundwater. Both
impoundments have been decommissioned. The site is located in the center of the recharge zone
of an important source of groundwater. The site is located adjacent to a Marine Corps Air
Station, the vacant trailer park, and a cement plant. The closest home is located less than 100
yards away, and a day care center lies less than '/4 mile south of the site. Approximately 16,000
people live within a 4-mile radius of the property; 2,500 reside within a mile. Independent Nail
Company and Wamchem, Inc. are two other NPL sites located within 4 miles of this site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
April 1995
-------
Threats and Contaminants
ZGJ
On-site groundwater, surface water, and soil contain lead and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) including benzene and toluene. Trespassers on the site may be
exposed to harmful materials by coming in direct contact with contaminated soil,
surface water, or groundwater or accidentally ingesting any of the contaminated
materials. The property is fenced, but the fencing is periodically vandalized. Signs of
trespassing have been evident at the site. The potentially responsible parties have
retained a security service to regularly patrol the area and keep the fences maintained,
reducing trespassing. This site lies in a coastal area, threatening wildlife and aquatic
life.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1988, the parties potentially responsible for site contamination began
a study of its pollution problems. This investigation, conducted under EPA oversight,
measured the type and extent of soil and water pollution around the property. The
study was completed in early 1993. EPA chose a remedy in 1994, which includes: pumping and
treating of the shallow aquifer with additional monitoring of the deep aquifer and excavation,
volatilization, and stabilization of contaminated soils. Off-site disposal of contaminated soils was
selected as a contingent alternative. Design of the remedies is currently underway and is
scheduled for completion in late 1995.
Site Facts: A Consent Order was signed in 1988 for the parties potentially responsible to
conduct the investigation and risk assessment, which were completed in 1993. A Consent
Decree for implementation of the remedy was signed in August 1994, and the remedy design is
underway.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined
that no immediate actions were required at the Kalama Specialty Chemicals site while final
cleanup activities are being planned.
April 1995 2 KALAMA SPECIALTY CHEMICALS
-------
Site Repository
Beaufort County Library, 710 Craven Street, Beaufort, SC 29902
KALAMA SPECIALITY CHEMICALS
April 1995
-------
KOPPERS CO.
(CHARLESTO
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SCD980310239
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Charleston County
Charleston
The 45-acre Koppers Co., Inc. (Charleston Plant) site is located in an industrial and residential
area. The site is bordered on the west by the Ashley River and on the north and south by
industrial facilities. Koppers Co., Inc. operated a milling, wood-preserving, and pole storage
facility in the Charleston Heights District of Charleston, South Carolina from 1925 to 1978. After
wood-preserving operations stopped in 1978, Southern Dredging Co. leased part of the site from
Koppers. In 1984, Southern Dredging dredged a canal from the Ashley River through a waste
disposal area. Dredged materials were placed in a bermed area near the canal. In 1988, the EPA
detected numerous creosote constituents in the soil from various sources including: an
impoundment which received runoff from the site; the treatment/processing area where timbers
were pressure treated; the drip pad area where timbers were stored; and the bermed area that
received contaminated sediment from the canal dredging. Runoff from the site enters the Ashley
River and marsh areas to the north and south. Approximately 94,000 people live within 4 miles
of the site. The Ashley River and Charleston Harbor support recreational and commercial
fishing, and serve as an important breeding and nursery habitat for a variety of marine finfish
and shellfish.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL Listing History
Proposed Date: 02/07/92
Threats and Contaminants
Soil, groundwater, and drainage ditches on the site are contaminated with numerous
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a constituent of creosote. The sediments
of the canal and the Ashley River are also contaminated with PAHs. Two drainage
ditches leading to the Ashley River receive run-off from the site, providing a
continuing source of site related contaminants. Marsh areas to the north and south of
the site also receive runoff of site contaminants.
February 1995
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focused on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The potentially responsible party, under EPA supervision, has initiated
investigations into the nature and extent of contamination at the site. This study,
which began in summer 1992, is scheduled to be completed in mid-1995. A cleanup
remedy is expected to be selected by EPA in the fall of 1995.
Environmental Progress
Initial investigation indicates the Koppers Co., Inc. (Charleston Plant) site does not pose an
immediate threat to the health and safety of the nearby population while further studies are being
conducted.
Site Repository
Not established.
February 1 995
KOPPERS CO., INC.
(CHARLESTON PLANT)
-------
KOPPERS CO
INC.
(FLORENCE
PLANT)
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SCD003353026
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Florence County
1/2 mile east of Florence
The 145-acre Koppers Company, Inc. site is an active wood-treating and preserving plant that
still generates hazardous wood preserving chemicals. The company currently uses three
preservatives in its operations: creosote, pentachlorophenol (PCP), and chromated copper
arsenate (CCA). State and Federal permits for wastewater discharges required the owner to
upgrade operating practices on several occasions, starting in 1971. The State required the plant's
liquid wastes to be sprayed over a field and allowed to evaporate. In addition, the company
pumped "penta-oil" wastes into four unlined lagoons, where it was released through evaporation
and seepage. In 1974, the operation violated the limits of its Federal discharge permit, and the
EPA ordered the owner to study and control runoff. The study recommended closing the penta-
oil lagoons, the creosote lagoon, and the spray field and replacing them with three concrete-lined
solar oxidation ponds. Liquid from the final pond would be sprayed over land. The State
approved the new system in 1977, and the EPA focused its concerns on stormwater discharge
only. In 1979, the plant's drinking water supply became contaminated with naphthalene, and by
the next year, nearby residents reported a creosote odor and foul taste in their wells. The State
ordered the company to study the ground water problem. In response, the company supplied
public water to homes that were affected, and installed recovery wells to retrieve and slow the
movement of contaminants in the groundwater. The recovered groundwater and process
wastewater now are sent to the pre-treatment facility on site and then discharged to the water
treatment facility. The site is located adjacent to a growing area of Florence. Homes and
apartments, hospitals, schools, and a day care center are all located within a 1-mile radius, as are
mobile homes, agricultural lands, an airport, businesses, and light industries. Access to the site is
unrestricted. The residential areas are 1/4 mile away from the site and contain gardens, livestock,
and private wells. At least 1,200 people use the shallow aquifer for drinking water.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
March 1995
-------
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater, surface water, and soil are contaminated with polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), PCP, heavy metals including arsenic and mercury,
and oil and grease from wood-treatment activities. PAHs and other organic chemicals
were detected in off-site private wells in 1985. Contamination was detected in some
private wells downs lope from the plant in 1985. The plant also is located in an area
where water may recharge directly to the Black Creek/Middendorf Aquifer. This
aquifer is the only source of potable water for the city of Florence. People may
experience adverse health effects through coming into direct contact with, inhaling, or
accidentally ingesting contaminated groundwater and soil.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The parties potentially responsible for site contamination
studied the groundwater problem, furnished an alternate water supply to affected
residents, and installed recovery wells and a treatment system around the boundary of
Entire Site: Under EPA monitoring, the owner of the site began a study of the site's
pollution problems in 1988. The study will define the nature and extent of
contamination, and is expected to be completed in 1995. Alternatives for site cleanup
will be evaluated, and EPA will select the most appropriate remedies for cleanup of this site. The
site currently is being addressed under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
Environmental Progress
The alternate water supply has eliminated the potential for exposure to hazardous materials from
the Koppers Company, Inc. (Florence Plant) site through the groundwater. Further studies and
cleanup activities are being completed to address contaminated waters and soils.
Site Repository
Florence County Library, 319 South Irby Street, Florence, South Carolina 29501-4795
March 1995 2 KOPPERS COMPANY, INC. (FLORENCE PLANT)
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LEONARD
CHEMICAL
COMPANY, IN
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SCD991279324
EPA REGION 4
York County
9 miles southeast of Rock Hill
Other Names:
Leonard Chemical
Site Description
The 7-acre Leonard Chemical Company site began operating in the late 1960s as a hazardous
waste treatment facility. Its primary treatment method was distillation. Recovery residues were
placed in various locations on the site. Plant operations ceased in 1982, under orders of the South
Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. Approximately 3,400 drums and
11,500 gallons of various chemicals were left on the site. Materials included solvents, volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), printing inks, polyester solids, stillbottoms, and filters for paint,
water, and fiberglass. Numerous spills and leaks occurred, threatening groundwater, and the State
ordered the owner to install three monitoring wells. By 1988, the site was overgrown with scrub
and covered with abandoned equipment and machines. Numerous sludges lay on the ground, and
vegetation was spotty where chemical wastes and stillbottoms had been used as fill. The gate and
fence had been breached, and signs of trespassing were evident. Approximately 5,900 people live
within a 4-mile radius of the site; 240 people live within a mile.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater and soil are contaminated with heavy metals including barium,
lead, and manganese, as well as various VOCs from the former disposal activities.
Individuals could be harmed if they use contaminated water for drinking, bathing,
cooking, or irrigation or if they accidentally ingest contaminated soils.
March 1995
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, a group of generators responsible for the chemical
wastes found on the site formed a committee and retained a contractor to remove
wastes from the site. Workers removed drums and some of the contaminated soil that
Entire Site: Under State supervision, the parties potentially responsible for site
contamination are undertaking an intensive study, which will explore the nature and
extent of pollution problems at the site. Initial investigation activities included
monitoring well installations, subsurface soil sampling, stream and sediment sampling, and
monitoring well sampling. Additional field work is being conducted to provide data to document
the presence and extent of groundwater contamination both on and off site. Finally, monitoring
wells were installed on properties east and south of the site for soil gas sampling purposes, and a
soil gas survey will be performed. The baseline risk assessment was completed in mid-1994.
The study is scheduled for completion in 1995.
Site Facts: Under a 1983 court order, Leonard Chemical Company cannot resume operation
without prior approval of the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control.
In July 1991, a Consent Decree was entered by the Court triggering the Leonard Chemical
Steering Committee contractors to begin the field investigations.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated drums and soils has reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous
substances while investigations take place at the Leonard Chemical Company site.
Site Repository
York County Library, 138 East Black Street, Post Office Box 10032, Rock Hill, South Carolina
29731. (803/324-3055)
March 1995 2 LEONARD CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC.
-------
LEXINGTON CQyNf₯y EPA REGION 4
C-X^l /X/V \ "sX Lexington County
LANDFILL hR&£>&^^
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SCD980558043
Site Description
The Lexington County Landfill Area site is a 75-acre sand pit that was licensed as a county
landfill in 1971. Before 1980, local industries were allowed to dispose of their wastes, which
included asbestos, at the site. Two other dumps lie next to this site: the Cayce Dump, operational
in the 1960s, and the unlicensed Bray Park Dump, used prior to 1972. Between 1975 and 1990,
groundwater monitoring results were gathered by the South Carolina Department of Health and
Environmental Control (SCDHEC), the EPA, and Lexington County. Additional data continues
to be collected by SCDHEC and Lexington County. In 1987, the EPA found heavy metals and
pesticides in on-site monitoring wells. Both commercial and private wells are located within a 3
mile radius of the site. The contaminated shallow aquifer is hydraulically connected to deeper
aquifers to a limited extent and provides a potential pathway for the spread of contamination.
About 250 acres of farmland are irrigated by a well located within 3 miles of the site.
ev* B -U-I-* TU- u AA A ^ v, NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Federal, state, local, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
Threats and Contaminants
In 1987, the EPA found heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium, mercury, selenium,
as well as pesticides from former disposal practices in on-site monitoring wells and
soil. Drinking contaminated groundwater is a possible health threat, as is eating foods
that are irrigated by potentially contaminated waters.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
March 1995
-------
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Following completion of the investigation in 1994, EPA selected the
following remedy to cleanup this site: consolidating Old Cayce Dump with the Bray
Park Dump; upgrading and maintaining existing gas recovery system; surface water
and sediment sampling and evaluation; extracting and treating groundwater and leachate; and
monitoring groundwater.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined
that no immediate actions were required at the Lexington County Landfill Area site while cleanup
activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Cayce-West Columbia Library, 1500 Augusta Road, West Columbia, South Carolina 29073
March 1995
LEXINGTON COUNTY
LANDFILL AREA
-------
MEDLEY FAR
DRUM DUMP
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SCD980558142
EPA REGION 4
Cherokee County
6 miles south of Gaffney
Site Description
The 7-acre Medley Farm Drum Dump site was used as a chemical depository from 1973 to 1978.
An anonymous caller informed the State of potential contamination at the site in 1983. When the
State visited the site, approximately 5,300 55-gallon drums and 15-gallon pails in various
conditions and six unlined lagoons were found. At the State's request, the EPA investigated and
found that all the drums were rusted, and some had leaked or were leaking. EPA analyses
indicated that the drums contained numerous flammable organic liquids and polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs). The lagoons held 70,000 gallons of contaminated rainwater and tons of
sludges. Approximately 3,300 people reside within a 4-mile radius of the site. Approximately 300
people live within a mile, and 120 people obtain drinking water from private wells within 3 miles
of the site. Thickety Creek, a tributary of Jones Creek, is about 300 feet downgradient of the
site. EPA investigations conducted by the potentially responsible parties between 1988 through
1991 confirmed that groundwater has become contaminated by volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) from the wastes stored on site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/01/86
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from
former site operations. The surface soil also is contaminated with VOCs as well as
pesticides. Potential risks may exist for individuals who drink contaminated
groundwater, but direct contact with contaminated surface soil and accidental ingestion
of soil do not pose risks to individuals. There is a concern that contaminated soil
could continue to leach contamination to the groundwater.
March 1995
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, the EPA removed 2,100 cubic yards of contaminated
soil and refuse, as well as 5,300 55-gallon drums and 15-gallon pails of waste, and
transported them to a federally-regulated hazardous waste facility. Seventy thousand
gallons of water and sludges from the six lagoons were treated on site and discharged. The
lagoons were then filled with clean soil.
Entire Site: In 1991, the parties potentially responsible for the site contamination
completed a study of the contamination at the site and in the local groundwater. The
study included recommendations for alternative technologies available for the cleanup.
The EPA selected the cleanup remedy in mid-1991, which includes pumping groundwater and
treating it using air stripping to remove VOCs, and soil vapor extraction to remove VOCs from
the soil. Additionally, the remedy calls for continuous monitoring of the site groundwater
conditions. Construction of the groundwater and soil vapor extraction systems began in late
1993. The systems are scheduled to begin initial operation in 1995.
Site Facts: An Administrative Order on Consent, signed in 1988, outlined the conditions under
which the potentially responsible parties were to conduct a study to determine the type and extent
of contamination on and off site. In late 1991, the EPA and the potentially responsible parties
signed a Consent Decree, in which the parties agreed to design, construct, and implement the
remedy selected by the EPA.
Environmental Progress
The removal of soil and sludge and the treatment of liquid waste reduced the potential for
exposure to hazardous substances at the Medley Farm Drum Dump site while cleanup activities
are underway.
Site Repository
Cherokee County Public Library, 300 East Rutledge Street, Gaffney, SC 29340
March 1995 2 MEDLEY FARM DRUM DUMP
-------
PALMETTO
-------
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Between 1984 and 1985, the trustee of the property removed
10,800 gallons of contaminated water from the pit and 365 tons of contaminated soil.
Entire Site: The EPA plans to complete the investigation of site contamination in
1995. This investigation is to determine the impact of the contamination on and off
the site and to determine whether contaminants have migrated from the site.
Following the investigation, a remedy will be chosen.
Site Facts: In 1983, a U.S. bankruptcy judge issued a court order requiring the trustee of the
property to clean up waste and contaminated soil. The judge authorized cleanup of non-hazardous
waste in 1984 and hazardous waste in 1985. Cleanup activities were completed by 1986.
Environmental Progress
The immediate removal of wastes has reduced the surface contamination and has greatly reduced
the potential for people to be exposed to hazardous materials at the Palmetto Recycling, Inc. site
while further studies are taking place.
Site Repository
Richland County Library, 7490 Parklane Road, Columbia, South Carolina 29223
March 1995
PALMETTO RECYCLING, INC.
-------
PALMETTO W
PRESERVING
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SCD003362217
EPA REGION 4
Lexington County
miles northwest of Columbia
Site Description
The 5-acre Palmetto Wood Preserving (PWP) site is a decommissioned wood preserving facility
that operated between 1963 and 1985. In 1963, PWP used two processes for its operation:
fluoride-chromate-arsenate-phenol and an acid-copper-chromate process. In 1980, Eastern Forest
Products took over the facility and switched to a chromated copper arsenate (CCA) process.
Operations consisted of treating wood with a CCA solution under high pressure and allowing the
wood to dry under normal conditions. The plant consisted of a pressure vessel, a narrow-gauge
rail line, solution storage tanks, a drip shed, and storage and office buildings. All equipment was
moved from the site in 1985. The rural area that surrounds the site has a population of
approximately 2,000. The shallow aquifer, which supplies drinking water to 2,000 people, is
contaminated. The State determined that high levels of chromium have contaminated nearby
private wells.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and municipal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals including arsenic. On-site soil
was contaminated with heavy metals, while off-site soil was contaminated with
chromium and pentachlorophenol (PCP) from former process wastes. The State
detected high levels of chromium in private wells near the site. People who come in
direct contact with or accidentally ingest contaminated water may be at risk. Prior to
cleanup, people who came into contact with contaminated soils may have been at risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the soil and the groundwater.
March 1995
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1985, the EPA provided a temporary alternative drinking
water supply to a residence until a permanent water supply could be provided to the
property. In 1990, a municipal water line to the residence was installed. Also in
1990, a fence was installed around the site.
Soil: Soil cleanup began in 1988. Approximately 12,700 cubic yards of contaminated
soil were excavated, treated, solidified, and stored to eliminate off-site contaminant
migration. The soil cleanup was completed in 1989. In 1990, a sewer line was
constructed connecting the site to the City of Cayce's wastewater treatment plant. Construction
of the sewer line was completed in 1992.
Groundwater: In 1989, the EPA began developing the designs for a full-scale
treatment plant to address the contaminated groundwater at the site. Nearly 90
percent of the groundwater engineering design was completed when field
investigations discovered that the groundwater contaminant plume had migrated over 1,000 feet
from the site property. Therefore, the groundwater extraction system was redesigned, resulting
in a larger treatment plant. An on-site pilot test of the treatment plants, performed in early 1992,
was successful. Based on current data, construction of the groundwater extraction system and the
groundwater treatment system should be completed in mid-1995.
Site Facts: The EPA and the City of Cayce entered into a Cooperative Agreement in 1990 to
construct the sewer line.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate water supply has eliminated the potential for exposure to hazardous
materials from the Palmetto Wood Preserving site through the groundwater. The cleanup of
contaminated soils has been completed and further cleanup activities continue to address
contamination in the groundwater.
Site Repository
Lexington County Administration Building, 212 South Lake Drive, Lexington, SC 29072
March 1995
PALMETTO WOOD PRESERVING
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PARA-CHEM
SOUTHERN, I
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SCD002601656
EPA REGION 4
Greenville County
Near Simpsonville
Site Description
Para-Chem Southern, Inc., has manufactured organic solvents and adhesives on this 100-acre site
near Simpsonville since 1965. From 1975 to 1979, approximately 800 to 1,600 drums of organic
and inorganic wastes were buried in unlined trenches in three parts of the site. Wastewater from
the plant was processed in two unlined lagoons until 1984, when the South Carolina Department
of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) issued Para-Chem a permit under the National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) for the discharge of non-contact cooling wash
to a tributary of Big Durban Creek. In 1985, SCDHEC found significant contamination in on-site
groundwater and surface water, issued a Consent Order, and fined Para-Chem. Under the Order,
in 1987, Para-Chem excavated soil from the drum burial areas and filled in one of the two
lagoons; the second lagoon is no longer in use. The contaminated soil was moved to an approved
hazardous waste facility. During the excavation and fill activities, groundwater contamination was
detected. The area is rural and sparsely populated. An estimated 1,500 people obtain drinking
water from private wells within three miles of the site. The nearest well is within one mile.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/26/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Sediments and surface water contain heavy metals such as arsenic, barium, and zinc.
People who come in direct contact with or accidentally ingest contaminated
groundwater, soil, surface water, or sediments may be at risk.
February 1 995
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing
on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1987, Para-Chem completed excavating approximately 2,921
tons of drams, plastic containers, wastes, associated soils, and miscellaneous debris
from the dram burial areas and filled in one of the two on-site lagoons. The
contaminated soil was removed to an approved hazardous waste facility. Para-Chem has installed
a groundwater pump and treat system utilizing 14 recovery wells as an interim measure to
address the groundwater contamination.
Entire Site: Following completion of the site investigation in 1993, the EPA
selected the following remedy for this site: excavation and biological treatment of
buried sludge; and evaluation of the existing groundwater extraction and treatment
system. Design of the remedy is currently underway and is scheduled for completion in late
1995.
Site Facts: The SCDHEC placed the company under a joint wastewater/hazardous waste
Consent Order in February 1985, and in January 1986 fined the company for violating its
NPDES permit. The Order also addressed the buried drams and a 1985 spill of 3,500 gallons of
ethyl acrylate. Since 1986, the company has been fined twice for failure to meet its NPDES
permit. Para-Chem has signed a Consent Decree and agreed to complete the remaining cleanup
activities.
Environmental Progress
The removal of drams and other contaminated debris from the Para-Chem Southern, Inc. site has
reduced the threat of exposure to contaminants while final cleanup remedies are being designed.
Site Repository
Fountain Inn Branch Library, 400 North Main Street, Fountain Inn, South Carolina 29681.
February 1995 2 PARA-CHEM SOUTHERN, INC.
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PARRIS ISLAND
MARINE CORP
RECRUIT DEPOT
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SC6170022762
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Beaufort County
south of Beaufort
The Parris Island Marine Corps Recruit Depot (MCRD) is located on a group of islands,
primarily Parris Island, approximately four miles south of Beaufort. The facility covers more
than 8,000 acres, including more than 4,000 acres of salt marsh and tidal streams. The primary
activity at MCRD is Marine Corps recruit training. As a result of base operations, the MCRD
has deposited hazardous wastes in numerous areas at the site. Several landfills, including one
unlined landfill, have received empty pesticide containers, oil contaminated with polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs), and mercury amalgam. In addition, from 1950 until 1978, rinsewaters from
pesticide application containers and equipment were disposed of in a dirt or grassy area. At
some point, hazardous substances were released directly into the adjacent Ribbon Creek and tidal
marshes. Surface water runoff from MCRD enters the salt marshes and streams that surround
Parris Island. Several bodies of water located within 15 miles downstream of MCRD, including
the Broad River, are used for fishing. Extensive estuarine wetlands and nesting areas for the
loggerhead turtle also are within 15 miles downstream of the site. All residents within four miles
of the contaminated source areas are served by the Beaufort-Jasper Water and Sewer Authority
(BJWSA), which is not affected by runoff from the facility.
Site Responsibility:
The site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 08/23/94
Threats and Contaminants
In 1988, the Marine Corps took samples from the streams and marshlands adjacent to
one of the landfills on site. These samples revealed mercury, lead, and other inorganic
contamination in surface water, soil, and sediments. In 1991, the EPA found tissue
samples from oysters collected from the tidal waters adjacent to the same landfill to be
contaminated with organic analytes, including PCB-1254. Touching or ingesting
contaminated surface water, sediments, or seafood could have adverse health effects.
October 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site will be addressed through a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleaning up the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA is planning site-wide investigations into the nature and extent
of contamination at the site. Upon completion of these studies, final cleanup remedies
will be selected.
Environmental Progress
The EPA has determined that the site poses no immediate threat to human health or the
environment while it plans site-wide studies.
Site Repository
Not yet established.
October 1994
PARRIS ISLAND MARINE
CORPS RECRUIT DEPOT
-------
ROCHESTER -u-r* TU- v u AA A^ u NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Proposed Date: 06/01/86
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater at the site is contaminated with trichloroethene, bis(2-ethyhexyl)
phthalate, and manganese. The organic contaminants have been detected in the
monitoring wells located between 30 and 50 feet from the former trenches. The
manganese has been detected in several of the wells. Soil was contaminated with
various heavy metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) prior to removal in
1990. According to the Baseline Risk Assessment Report, the groundwater poses a
potential future risk, but not a current risk.
March 1995
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1990, the potentially responsible party removed
approximately 1,610 tons of materials from the contaminated trenches and the area
surrounding the trench, excavating to just above the groundwater. Drums in various
stages of decomposition were discovered during the excavation and were moved to an off-site
area. The trenches were backfilled with clean soil.
Entire Site: In 1992, the party potentially responsible for the site contamination
began an investigation to determine the nature and extent of contamination and to
develop cleanup strategies for the remaining contaminants. Upon completion of the
study, the EPA selected a final remedy for site cleanup, consisting of in-place air sparging
trenches to cleanup the groundwater. The cleanup design was completed and approved by EPA
in the fall of 1994, and construction began in 1994.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil and drums has reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous
materials at the Rochester Property site while groundwater cleanup using in-place air sparging
trenches is being conducted.
Site Repository
Travelers Rest Branch, Greenville County Library, 310 South Main Street,
Travelers Rest, SC 29690
March 1995
ROCHESTER PROPERTY
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ROCK HILL /KTE* EPA REGION 4
CHEMICAL
COMPANY
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SCD980844005
Site Description
The Rock Hill Chemical Company operated a solvent distillation facility in the 1960s on this 4
1/2-acre site located in a light commercial and residential area. The company distilled paint
solvents and may have recovered textile dye products. Some of the residue from the bottoms of
the storage tanks and drums was placed in piles on the ground and was later covered with dirt
and construction debris. The facility was abandoned after it burned in 1965. In 1985, the EPA
discovered several aboveground tanks, an underground tank, a sludge pile, and an area of
discolored soil. An unnamed tributary to the Catawba River drains the site. Approximately 1,100
people obtain drinking water from wells within 3 miles of the site. The South Carolina
Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) advised a nearby business to stop
using its well. Fort Mill, South Carolina draws drinking water for an estimated 5,500 people
from an intake into the Catawba River upstream of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through NJ*L LISG ,o
_ , , . Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Federal actions. Final Date. 02/16/9Q
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from
former disposal practices. Wastes and soil samples were contaminated with lead,
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chromium, and VOCs; however, two removal
actions eliminated the waste in the soil. A possible health threat may occur if people
drink contaminated water from the contaminated on-site well.
March 1995
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1986, First Federal Savings and Loan, one of two present
owners of the site, transported approximately 41 cubic yards of paint sludges and
stillbottoms to a federally regulated hazardous waste facility. Disposal of tank sludges
and visibly contaminated soil, as well as the removal of the tanks from the Rutledge portion of
the site, were completed in 1989.
Entire Site: EPA has completed the investigation of the nature and extent of
contamination, and selected a final remedy for site cleanup in mid-1994. The selected
remedy is pumping of contaminated groundwater, with discharge directly to the
municipal sewage treatment plant through the city sewer system.
Site Facts: In 1987, under an EPA Administrative Order, Rutledge Enterprises discharged
approximately 2,000 gallons of waste water contaminated with solvents, in limited amounts every
day, into the city sewer system for treatment by the municipal sewage treatment plant.
Environmental Progress
The immediate removal and disposal of waste has reduced the potential for people to be exposed
to hazardous materials at the Rock Hill Chemical Company. These actions help to protect the
public health and the environment while further cleanup actions are being planned. All direct
contact threats from contaminated soils have been eliminated.
Site Repository
York County Library, 138 East Black Street, Rock Hill, South Carolina 29731
March 1995
ROCK HILL CHEMICAL COMPANY
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SANGAMO
WESTON, INC:
TWELVE-MILE
CREEK/LAKE
HARTWELL PCB
CONTAMINATION
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SCD003354412
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Pickens County
Pickens
\Other Names:
Cross Roads Site
gamo Weston-Pickens Plant
Breazeale Site
Nix Site
Dodgens Site
Trotter Site
Welborn Site
This 224-acre site encompasses the Sangamo Weston plant itself, at least six former dumps used
by the company, and the Twelve-Mile Creek watershed, which includes Lake Hartwell. Sangamo
Weston, Inc. manufactured electric capacitors that, from 1955 to 1976, used polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) for a non-conducting fluid. Solid waste, sludges, and liquid wastes were stored
or disposed of in piles, landfills, and impoundments. The EPA is continuing to search for any
additional sources of contamination, and may expand the site if contamination is found to extend
further than the current site boundaries. PCBs have been found in the runoff leaving the plant,
downstream tributaries of Twelve-Mile Creek, Lake Hartwell, and the distribution system of the
Easley-Central Water plant, which provides drinking water to 14,500 people. A fish
consumption advisory for fish weighing over 3 pounds in Lake Hartwell remains in effect.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 02/16/90
March 1995
-------
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater and soil are contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and PCBs from the former site activities. Private wells are in use within the
area of contamination. PCB levels detected in the fish of Lake Hartwell and the
tributary system vary with each sampling, but tend to be well above an acceptable
limit. If the public fails to heed the fish advisory, a primary threat is posed by
ingestion of contaminated fish.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on the Twelve-Mile Creek watershed and cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: The State and the federal government periodically have sampled the
area. Sangamo removed some soil at two disposal sites in 1975 and placed the soil in
a landfill on the plant property. In 1986, Sangamo placed a fence around the site and
installed a temporary cap on contaminated portions of the site.
Twelve-Mile Creek Watershed: The EPA has completed field investigations and a
detailed evaluation of feasible cleanup alternatives. In 1994, the EPA selected the
remedy for the Twelve-Mile Creek Watershed, which included: continuance of the
existing fish consumption advisory; future aquatic biota and sediment monitoring of PCB
concentration trends; an aggressive public education program; and regulation of three small
impoundments located on the headwaters of the reservoir.
Entire Site: In 1987, Sangamo conducted soil and groundwater investigations on and
around the site properties. Based on these investigations, a remedy was selected for
cleanup of the site in 1990. Soil will be treated using a low temperature thermal
separation method, and groundwater will be extracted and treated. Engineering designs began in
1993. The design of the soil treatment remedy was completed in 1993. The groundwater
treatment system is currently under design. Cleanup of the soil is underway and is scheduled to
be completed in 1996. In early 1994, Sangamo-Weston completed a portion of the cleanup.
Contaminated soils and waste materials were removed from the six former dump sites (known as
Breazeale, Cross Roads, Dodgens, Nix, Trotter, and Welborn Sites) and stockpiled in a
controlled fashion at the Sangamo-Weston Plant Site. The six former dump sites were then
restored to their original contours, stabilized, and re-vegetated.
March 1995 2 SANGAMO WESTON, INC./TWELVE-MILE CREEK/
LAKE HARTWELL PCB CONTAMINATION
-------
Site Facts: In 1986, the EPA negotiated a Consent Order with Sangamo-Weston to study the
contamination at one of the dumps. Under an additional Consent Order signed in 1987, Sangamo-
Weston has studied the six dumps and the Pickens Plant.
Environmental Progress
The soil removal, capping, and site security measures have reduced the potential for people to be
exposed to hazardous substances at the Sangamo/Twelve-Mile Creek/Lake Hartwell site while
final cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Pickins County Public Library, Easley Branch, 110 West First Avenue, Easley, SC 29640
SANGAMO WESTON, INC./TWELVE-MILE CREEK/
LAKE HARTWELL PCB CONTAMINATION
March 1995
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SAVANNAH RIVERA EPA REGION 4
S\ \ \~r-\ _ fUr X*V Aiken County
SITE ^^^^
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SC1 890008989
Site Description
The Savannah River Site (USDOE) is a 300-square-mile U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
facility that has produced nuclear materials for defense programs. Previous Savannah River Site
(SRS) operations included five nuclear reactors, two chemical separations areas, a target and fuel
fabrication facility and various support facilities. Operations at the site have generated a variety
of radioactive, chemical, and mixed waste, some of which has been released into the
environment. Past disposal practices included seepage basins for liquids, pits and piles of solid
waste, landfills for low-level radioactive waste, and underground storage tanks for high-level
radioactive waste. The SRS and surrounding area is heavily wooded and ranges from dry
hilltops to swampland. Upper Three Runs Creek and all other surface water from the site flows
into the Savannah River, which is a major navigable river that forms the southwest SRS boundary
and forms the border between South Carolina and Georgia. Along the Savannah River is a
10,000 acre wetland known as the Savannah River Swamp, an environmentally sensitive area.
Several thousand SRS employees and off-site residents receive drinking water from wells within 3
miles of hazardous substances at the site. Several communities downstream of SRS receive
drinking water from the Savannah River, which boarders the site. The SRS is currently divided
up into approximately 95 subsites for purposes of investigation and cleanup under Superfund.
The Federal Facilities Agreement (FFA) for SRS was finalized in January 1993. DOE has
entered into a Oversight Agreement with South Carolina that provides for reimbursement of State
oversight costs.
0-«. D -U-I-* TT, U AA A O, V. NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Proposed Date- 07/14/89
Federal and State actions. Final Date. {1/21/89
March 1995
-------
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from degreasing
solvents; heavy metals including but not limited to lead, chromium, mercury and
cadmium; and radionuclides including tritium, uranium, fission products and
plutonium. Heavy metals, organics, and radionuclides have been detected in the air
and surface water streams at the site. Aging underground storage tanks containing
high-level radioactive waste represent a potential risk to human health and the
environment. Contaminants including VOCs, heavy metals, and radionuclides have
been detected in the Savannah River Swamp, an environmentally sensitive area.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed under the cleanup provisions of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly known as Superfund. The South Carolina Department of
Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) RCRA Permit and a Federal Facility Agreement
among the State of South Carolina, the EPA, and the DOE governs the cleanup approach. The
agreement sets forth the current and long-term schedules for cleanup of approximately 95
subsites. Approximately 400 additional subsites are being evaluated to ensure any hazardous
substance releases are appropriately addressed.
Response Action Status
Early Actions: Cleanup of contaminated groundwater was initiated in 1985. Source
control measures have been performed at a number of old disposal areas at the
Savannah River Site. DOE has constructed the Defense Waste Processing Facility,
which will be used to treat high-level radioactive wastes currently stored in tanks on-site. Nine
hazardous waste land disposal units have been closed under the RCRA program.
M-Area Settling Basin Subsite: An interim cleanup action was initiated and
completed in accordance with RCRA closure requirements prior to the selection of the
final cleanup of this subsite. Activities which were completed in 1990 included:
removal and treatment of standing waste water; sludge dewatering and chemical fixation;
placement of influent line contaminated soils hi the basin; construction of a low permeability cap;
and institutional control of the area.
March 1995 2 SAVANNAH RIVER SITE (USDOE)
-------
Metallurgical Lab Settling Basin: An interim cleanup action was initiated and
completed in accordance with the RCRA closure requirements prior to selection of the
final cleanup of this subsite. Activities were completed in 1992, and included:
excavation of influent line contaminated soils and consolidation of these soils with the basin soils;
placement of a low permeability cap over the basin; and institutional control of the area.
M-Area Central Groundwater: An interim cleanup action was initiated to begin
control of the most contaminated portions of the plume. The initial cleanup activities
were completed in 1994, and included: extraction of groundwater from 11 recovery
wells; construction of an air stripping tower in the central M-Area to treat contaminants; and
construction of one extraction well and an air stripping tower in the Northern M-Area.
Additional actions to expand the extent of the cleanup and a final remedy will be addressed in
subsequent actions.
Gunsites 720 and 113: Investigations into the nature and extent of the
contamination at these subsites are currently underway, and scheduled to be completed
in late 1996.
F-Area Seepage Basin: In 1993, a no further action remedy was selected for the
source area under a SCDHEC RCRA Permit because investigations showed that the
area met the threshold criteria of being protective of human health and the
environment.
H-Area Seepage Basin: In 1993, a no further action remedy was selected for the
source area under a SCDHEC RCRA Permit because investigations showed that the
area met the threshold criteria of being protective of human health and the
environment.
F-Area and H-Area Groundwater: Investigations into the nature and extent of the
contamination at these subsites are ongoing and scheduled to be completed in 1995.
Interim cleanup plans will be chosen at that time.
M-Area West; Silverton Road; F-Area and D-Area Burning Rubble Pits;
Old F-Area Seepage Basins; and D-Area Oil Seepage Basin: Investigations
of the nature and extent of contamination at these subsites are underway and are
631-6G Central Shops Burning Rubble Pits; L-Area Oil and Chemical
Basin and Acid Caustic Basin; Burma Road; and A-Area Burning Rubble
Pit and Chemical Basin Rubble Pits: Investigations of the nature and extent of
contamination at these subsites are underway and scheduled for completion hi 1997.
K-Area Coal Pile Runoff Basin, Reactor Seepage Basin, and Bingham
Pump Outage Pits; F-Area and H-Area Retention Basins; Chemical,
Metals, and Pesticide Pits; and L-Area Bingham Pump Outage Pits:
Investigations of the nature and extent of contamination at these subsites are underway and
scheduled for completion in 1997.
SAVANNAH RIVER SITE (USDOE)
March 1995
-------
1998.
Old TNX Seepage Basin; 108-4R Basin and R-Reactor Seepage Basin;
and Tank 37 CTS Line Leak: Investigations of the nature and extent of
contamination at these subsites are underway and are scheduled for completion in
TNX Groundwater: Interim cleanup actions were selected for the TNX
groundwater in 1995. The interim remedy is a limited scale groundwater extraction
system, with surface treatment using air stripping and an air recirculation well
located within the most contaminated portion of the plume. Design activities are expected to
begin shortly.
D-Area Oil Seepage Basin: Interim cleanup activities were selected in 1995.
The interim remedy is to remove containerized hazardous liquids buried within the
basin. Design activities are expected to begin shortly.
C-Area Burning Rubble Pit, Burial Ground Complex: Investigations into the
nature and extent into the contamination at these subsites are ongoing and scheduled
for completion in 1998.
Mixed Waste Management Facility: In 1994, following investigations into the
nature and extent of contamination, a no further action remedy was selected because
sampling showed that the subsite met the threshold criteria of being protective of
human health and the environment.
Tank 105-C: In 1994, following investigations into the nature and extent of
contamination, a no further action remedy was selected because sampling showed that
the subsite met the threshold criteria of being protective of human health and the
environment.
PAR Pond: An emergency removal action was taken in 1991 to address potential
failure of the dam. The action included draining a portion of the pond and repairing
the dam. An interim cleanup action is currently under consideration to refill the
pond to its normal pool level.
A/M-Area Northern and Southern Sector: Investigations into further
groundwater contamination that was uncovered in M-Area Central Groundwater
interim cleanup is currently ongoing. The investigation is scheduled to be completed
R-Area, P-Area and K-Area Bingham Outage Pits: Investigations into the
nature and extent of contamination at these subsites are ongoing and scheduled for
completion in late 1997.
P-Area Coal Pile Runoff Basins and R-Area Rubble Pit 131-2R:
Investigations into the nature and extent of contamination at these subsites are
ongoing and expected to be completed in 1998.
March 1995
SAVANNAH RIVER SITE (USDOE)
-------
A/M-Area Groundwater: A final cleanup action will be selected to meet final
cleanup standard goals. This action will culminate in a final decision on how to
address remaining contamination at the M-Area settling Basin, Metallurgical Lab Settling Basin,
M-Area Central Groundwater, M-Area Vadose Zone, and A/M-Area Northern and Southern
Sector subsites.
Site Facts: SRS contains multiple hazardous substance source areas and is traversed by several
surface water tributaries to the Savannah River. Many of these tributaries are affected by
contamination from multiple source areas. The site consists of approximately 95 subsites that
require cleanup decisions and approximately 400 additional potential cleanup areas. In September
1987, a RCRA permit was issued to SRS. The EPA and the DOE entered into a RCRA Federal
Facility Compliance Agreement in March 1993, and in January 1993, the EPA, the State of
South Carolina and DOE entered into a CERCLA Federal Facility Agreement. DOE, SCDHEC,
and EPA have worked with local citizens to form a Citizen's Advisory Board to facilitate public
participation in SRS cleanup decisions.
Environmental Progress
Nine former disposal areas have been closed under RCRA. Groundwater cleanup is ongoing for
VOC contamination and groundwater cleanup is planned for metals, nitrates, and tritium. The
cleanup of vadose zone sediments is ongoing. Laboratory and field testing of several innovative
cleanup technologies is ongoing. The Defense Waste Processing Facility has been constructed to
treat the high-level waste in the F- and H-Areas. A substantial amount of field investigation
work has been implemented under the requirements of the SRS RCRA permit.
Site Repository
Thomas Cooper Library, Government Documents Department, University of South Carolina,
Columbia, SC 29208
U.S. Department of Energy Public Reading Room, University of South Carolina at Aiken, 171
University Parkway, Aiken, South Carolina 29801
Reese Library, Augusta College, 2500 Walton Way, Augusta, Georgia 30910
Asa H. Gordon Library, Savannah State College, Tompkins Road, Savannah, Georgia 31404
SAVANNAH RIVER SITE (USDOE)
March 1995
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SCRDI BLUFF R
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SCD000622787
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Richland County
10 miles from Columbia
The South Carolina Recycling and Disposal, Inc. (SCRDI) Bluff Road site covers 8 acres, 4 of
which were used for waste storage. Approximately 7,500 drums of toxic, flammable, and
reactive wastes were removed in 1982 by a group of hazardous waste generators, the EPA, and
the State; numerous smaller laboratory containers also were removed. Two small ponds at the
northern end of the site are remnants of lime slurry disposal ponds used by the acetylene
manufacturer that once occupied the property. Runoff from the site runs into a tributary of Myers
Creek, which later discharges into the Congaree Swamp National Monument. The site is located
in a rural and remote area. The nearest residence lies 1 mile away; approximately 3,500 people
live within 4 miles of the site. Recreational facilities, which include a community center with a
swimming pool, are also located a mile east of the site. Approximately 1,200 people work at the
Westinghouse Nuclear Fuel Facility, less than 1/8 mile away.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/23/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The site contamination is limited to on-site soil and groundwater in a shallow aquifer.
Soils contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and low levels of pesticides,
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and heavy metals. Groundwater in the surficial
aquifer also is contaminated with VOCs. There have been no signs of contaminant
migration to Myers Creek, located 3,200 feet from the contaminated aquifer. Ingestion
of the contaminated groundwater poses a threat to human health; contact with the soil
presents no serious health risks.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
March 1995
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1982, a group of the parties potentially responsible for the
site contamination removed about 7,500 drums containing a wide variety of toxic,
flammable, and reactive wastes.
Entire Site: In 1984, the State initiated a study on the extent and nature of
contamination at the site. This study, however, was completed by the potentially
responsible parties, and a method for cleaning up the site was selected by the EPA in
1990. The remedy includes treatment of the contaminated groundwater, including extracting, air
stripping, and reinjecting the groundwater until cleanup goals are met, and vapor extraction to
treat the contaminated soil. Site access problems delayed the implementation of the engineering
design work. The groundwater remedy design has been expedited with the final design approval
expected by spring 1995. Residential well sampling was conducted in 1994 and revealed that no
site contamination has reached residents' homes or wells in the neighborhood closest to the site.
The construction of a soil vapor extraction system was completed and the system began operating
in late 1994.
Site Facts: A group of the parties potentially responsible for contamination at the site conducted
studies to determine the extent of the contamination under an Administrative Order entered into
with the EPA in 1988. A Consent Decree for the remedy design and Cleanup Activities was
negotiated and signed in 1991.
Environmental Progress
The immediate removal of drums has reduced the potential for people to be exposed to hazardous
substances at the SCRDI Bluff Road site while final cleanup activities are being planned and the
soil vapor extraction system is in operation.
Site Repository
Richland County Library, Landmark Sq. Branch, Landmark Sq. Shopping Center, 6864 Garners
Ferry Road, Columbia, SC 29209
March 1995
SCRDI BLUFF ROAD
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SCRDI DIXIAN^TOT3hr-rx EPLA REGCION 4
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SOUTH CAROLINA X4Y^<^VrX NearCavce
EPA ID#SCD980711394
Site Description
At one time, the 2-acre South Carolina Recycling and Disposal, Inc. (SCRDI) Dixiana site
contained over 1,100 drums of materials such as paints, solvents, acids, waste oils, phenols, and
dyes. In 1978, SCRDI leased the site for drum storage of industrial wastes. Instances of poor
handling practices, leaky drums, and exposure to the weather created a number of discharges to
the environment prior to drum removal. In 1978, the State filed a suit against the site owners.
The resulting court order specified that the site no longer receive wastes and that the wastes on
site be contained. In 1980, as a result of SCRDI's failure to contain the wastes, a State court
found SCRDI in contempt, which resulted in the company being placed in receivership. Shortly
thereafter, SCRDI removed all drums and visibly contaminated soil. Spilled dye, a suspected
carcinogen, contaminated the shallow groundwater. Approximately 1,200 people use water supply
wells within 3 miles of the site. The State has advised two nearby families not to use their well
water.
o-* D -UT* in, v u AA A ^ u NPL LISTING HISTORY
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Proposed Date- 07/23/82
Federal actions.
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is primarily contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
from former site activities. Even though the groundwater is known to be
contaminated, there is no one presently at risk as a result of the current site
contamination. Groundwater contamination is moving off site in response to hydraulic
gradients in various interconnected aquifers.
March 1995
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Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Groundwater: The remedies selected by the EPA included extracting contaminated
groundwater, treating it to acceptable concentration levels, and discharging the treated
water to the sewer system of a neighboring city. Construction of the extraction well,
piping system, and treatment system building has been completed. Groundwater treatment began
in 1992 after the receiving sewer line was constructed. Currently the site is in the Operation and
Maintenance phase and will remain in that phase until all cleanup goals are obtained. A five-year
review for the site is expected to be completed in the summer of 1995.
Site Facts: The South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control denied a
waste management permit and filed a suit against SCRDI in 1978. A family of five people,
whose home is located above the plume, was temporarily relocated while the extraction system
was constructed and installed in 1990.
Environmental Progress
The removal of drums has reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the
SCRDI Dixiana site while the groundwater treatment and monitoring actions are continuing.
Construction of all cleanup remedies have been completed.
Site Repository
Cayce-West Columbia Library, 1500 Augusta Road, West Columbia, South Carolina 29037
March 1995
SCRDI DIXIANA
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TOWNSEND
CHAIN CO.
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SCD980558050
Site Description
Richland County
Pontiac
The Townsend Saw Chain Site is comprised of a 50-acre property with a small active
manufacturing facility, located near Columbia. Dictaphone Corporation purchased the site in
1964 and manufactured specialized recording equipment at the facility between 1965 and 1971.
Homelite Textron, Inc. purchased the site in 1971, and engaged in the manufacture of saw chains
for chainsaws from 1972 to the present. Between 1966 and 1981, waste liquids generated by
metal plating and other operations were disposed of by direct discharge to the ground surface in a
low-lying area located just north of the facility. Investigations conducted by Homelite Textron
for the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) between
1982 and 1986 showed groundwater contamination to be present beneath the site and moving
northeastward. Although the public water supply has recently become available, private and
community water wells within 3 miles still serve a large number of people. Several creeks and
ponds are found within 2 miles of the site; one, Woodcreek Lake, is used for recreational
activities. Freshwater wetlands are located within 1 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/16/90
Threats and Contaminants
Studies ordered by SCDHEC and conducted by Homelite Textron in 1986 and 1988
confirmed that groundwater contains high levels of chromium and low levels of
several volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Nearby residents who use drinking water
wells could be at risk from such groundwater, depending on the extent and migration
of contamination. Also, contaminated groundwater is discharging to an off-site
spring, which could affect wetlands along a creek located 1A mile north of the facility.
March 1995
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase directed
at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Since 1982, Homelite Textron has been pumping contaminated
groundwater to the surface, treating it to remove the chromium, and spraying the
treated water onto a permitted sprayfield. A private well near the site was closed in
1982 and those residents using the well were hooked up to the public water system. The
groundwater treatment system has been redesigned and upgraded to address deficiencies found by
the SCDHEC in 1988.
Entire Site: In late 1991, the current owner and one of the two potentially
responsible parties, Homelite Textron, signed an agreement with EPA under which it
agreed to conduct an investigation to define site contamination and identify cleanup
alternatives. Upon completion of the investigation, Homelite Textron agreed to an interim remedy
consisting of additional upgrades of, and possible enlargement of, the pump-and-treat system
currently in operation. Designs are underway and are expected to be completed in mid-1995.
Site Facts: In 1988, the State issued an Administrative Order requiring Homelite Textron to
install additional recovery and monitoring wells. The wells were installed in 1989. EPA and
SCDHEC conducted sampling of a group of private wells in 1993 and 1994 to ensure that the
wells were not impacted by site contamination.
Environmental Progress
Pumping and treating the contaminated groundwater since 1982 has reduced the potential for
exposure to contamination and reduced migration of contaminants hi the groundwater while final
cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Richland County Public Library, Northeast Regional Branch, 7490 Park Lane Road,
Columbia, SC 29223
March 1995 2 TOWNSEND SAW CHAIN CO.
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WAMCHEM, INC.
SOUTH CAROLINA
EPA ID# SCD037405362
Site Description
EPA REGION 4
Beaufort County
Burton
Other Names:
aufort Chemical and
Research Company
The 21-acre Wamchem, Inc. site is located on a small island in the midst of a salt marsh near
McCalleys Creek, a tidal stream. From 1959 to 1972, the Beaufort Chemical and Research
Company owned and operated the site, producing dyes for the textile industry. In 1972, the M.
Lowenstein Company purchased the facility and continued operations until 1981. Liquid wastes
generated at the site were discharged to a drainage ditch leading to two unlined ponds. A ditch
later was extended from one of the ponds, discharging wastes directly into McCalleys Creek.
Waste treatment methods changed, and the ponds and ditches were replaced by an unlined
holding pond and a waste lagoon in 1972; however, these were soon replaced by two spray fields
and a concrete-lined holding pond in 1975. In 1977, the South Carolina Department of Health
and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) required the company to use a spray-irrigation technique
to improve its wastewater process. The wastes discharged onto the spray fields consisted of
neutralized sulfuric acid and process water. The surface water is contaminated, but it does not
constitute a major threat to water supplies at this time. Approximately 2,000 people within a 3-
mile radius depend on drinking water from the shallow aquifer that lies below the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/01/83
Final Date: 09/01/84
Threats and Contaminants
The contaminants in the groundwater and soil include volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) such as benzene, toluene, xylenes, and acetone from former site operations.
The site is considered to be a habitat for the loggerhead turtle, a federally listed
threatened species, and a probable habitat for the short-nosed sturgeon, a federally
listed endangered species. Also, the site is located in an environmentally sensitive area
composed of salt marshes, tidal streams, and fragile estuary habitats supporting
abundant natural resources.
March 1995
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Based upon a comprehensive site investigation performed by the parties
potentially responsible for site contamination, the EPA has selected a remedy for the
site. The remedy includes: installing a groundwater pump and treatment system using
carbon adsorption and air stripping to remove VOCs, and releasing the decontaminated water into
a nearby stream; and excavating and treating 2,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil using low
temperature thermal desorption to remove contaminants, followed by on-site disposal of the soil
and groundwater monitoring. The potentially responsible party completed cleanup of
approximately 1,800 tons of contaminated soil in mid-1994. The installation of the groundwater
pump and treatment system is expected to be completed in Spring 1995.
Site Facts: The EPA and the potentially responsible parties have signed a Consent Decree,
which describes the cleanup actions that they are required to perform.
Environmental Progress
The cleanup of contaminated soil has reduced the threats to the public and the environment while
construction of a groundwater treatment system is underway.
Site Repository
Beaufort County Library 710 Craven Street Beaufort, SC 29902
March 1995
WAMCHEM, INC.
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