EPA/600/9-90/033
September 1990
FY-1991
EPA Research
Program Guide
October 1, 1990 - September 30, 1991
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
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Notice
The program descriptions and resource estimates included in this
document reflect the latest detailed information available at time of
publication. Time will change some of this information. In addition, the
resource figures have been rounded off and some smaller programs
omitted. For the latest information, you may want to contact the
individual listed.
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Contents
Introduction 1
How to Use the Program Guide 2
Air 3
Hazardous Air Pollutant Regulatory Activities 3
Mobile Source Pollutant Regulatory Activities 8
Mobile Sources 10
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 11
New Source Performance Standards and State
Implementation Plans 15
Indoor Air Pollution Activities 18
Global Change Research 20
Global Climate Change 23
Health Effects Institute 23
Drinking Water 25
Health Effects of Drinking Water Contaminants 25
Ground Water Research 26
Ground Water 26
Drinking Water Technology 27
Water Quality 30
Water Quality Based Approach/Permitting 30
Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technology 31
Wastewater Treatment Technology 32
Marine, Estuaries, and Lakes 34
Hazardous Waste 37
Alternate Technologies 37
Incineration 37
Land Disposal 39
Pollution Prevention 39
Municipal Solid Waste 40
Municipal Solid Waste Monitoring 41
Quality Assurance 43
Releases 43
Waste Characterization 45
Waste Identification 47
Toxic Substances 49
Biotechnology 49
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical Pest Control
Agents 50
Ecology: Ecotoxicity and Risk Assessment 52
Ecology: Transport/Fate/Field Validation 53
Exposure Monitoring 53
Health: Markers, Dosimetry, and Extrapolation 54
Special Human Data Needs 55
111
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Contents (continued)
Structure Activity Relationships 55
Support for Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) 56
Engineering 57
Test Method Development 59
Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know 60
Asbestos 60
SARA Title III 61
Pesticides 62
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical Pest
Control Agents 62
Ecology: Ecotoxicity and Risk Assessment 63
Ecology: Transport/Fate/Field Validation 64
Engineering 65
Exposure 66
Health: Markers, Dosimetry and Extrapolation 66
Support 67
Test Method Development 67
Support for Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Activities 68
Multimedia—Core 69
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(NHANES-III) 69
Center for Environmental Epidemiology Research 70
Exploratory Research Grants 70
Research to Improve Health Risk Assessment
(RIHRA) (Health) 71
Total Human Exposure 72
Ecological Trends 73
Reducing Uncertainty in Ecological Risk Assessment 74
Exploratory Research Centers 75
National Institute of Ecological Research 76
Multimedia 78
China Program 78
Task Force on Environmental Cancer and
Heart and Lung Disease 78
Harvard Study 79
Consistent Risk Assessment 79
Manage ORD's Technology Transfer, Regulatory
Support and Regional Operations Activities 80
Manage the Mandatory Quality Assurance Program 81
Visiting Scientists Program 83
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program 83
Development, Validation and Standardization of
Analytical Methods in Support of Regional Programs 84
IV
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Contents (continued)
Energy 86
Develop and Evaluate LIMB Technology 86
Understanding Atmospheric Processes 86
Establish Deposition Monitoring and Trends 87
Radiation 88
Off-Site Monitoring Program 88
Scientific Support for Radon Program 88
Superfund 90
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and
Situation Assessment 90
Clean-up of Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites Requires
Technologies for Response and Remedial Action, for
Protecting the Personnel Involved and for Supporting
Enforcement Actions 91
Provide Quality Assurance—Superfund Program
Requirements 92
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program, and
Regions 92
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program, and
Regional Offices 94
Hazardous Substance Health, Risk and Detection 94
Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk
Assessment and Detection Research 95
Superfund Reportable Quantity Regulatory Efforts 96
Innovative/Alternative Technology Research,
Development, and Demonstration 97
Evaluate Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled
Waste Sites 98
Manage Hazardous Substance Research Centers
Program 98
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)
Program—Superfund 100
Superfund Research Grants 100
Field Screening Techniques for Assessment and
Evaluation 101
Overview 102
Organization Chart 104
ORD Organization 105
ORD Organizational Descriptions 112
ORD Office/Laboratory Abbreviations 127
ORD Key Contacts 130
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Contents (continued)
ORD Regional Contacts 134
EPA Regional Offices 135
VI
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Introduction
The free and open exchange of knowledge both stimulates and provides
quality control for the progress of science. This report provides information
on the research which EPA is planning for this fiscal year, on how much
we intend to spend on each program area, and on whom to contact for
further details. More than 60 percent of our research budget will be spent
through extramural contracts, grants, and cooperative agreements with
organizations outside of EPA's laboratories.
It is our intent to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of this
research by placing great emphasis upon open competition for extramural
support. We hope that the information in this report will stimulate
qualified parties and make their capabilities known to our research
managers so that we all might gain from sharing experience and expertise.
Please feel free to contact any of the parties listed in this report.
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How to Use the Program Guide
The following descriptions of ORD's research program are organized first
by media such as air, water, hazardous wastes, etc. These categories are
further broken down into research foci such as scientific assessment,
monitoring and quality assurance, health effects, environmental
processes, and engineering technology. Each description is a very broad
summary of the research being done, where that research is being done,
who to contact for more information about the program, and both the
approximate total funding for that area and the percentage of total
funding which is reserved by EPA for in-house research. Funding which is
not reserved for in-house research is spent through extramural contracts,
grants and cooperative agreements.
For each program description, one or more contacts are listed along
with the major research areas to be pursued. For further information, you
may call the contacts. Their commercial and Federal (FTS) telephone
numbers are listed in a separate section near the end of this report. Where
two or more research laboratories are listed, please turn to the "EPA R&D
Organization" section of this report for descriptions of the major mission
and functions of each.
Some of the research funded for this fiscal year will be done in-house by
EPA's laboratories. The rest will be accomplished extramurally. Proposals
for funds for research in areas of interest to the agency are welcomed and
are considered on a competitive basis. To receive information regarding
application procedures for extramural funds, please contact the person
indicated in the area of specific interest to you. In addition, approximately
fifteen percent of EPA's research budget is used to support long-term
exploratory research. Information regarding funds for exploratory
research grants can be obtained from the:
Research Grants Program
Office of Exploratory Research (RD-675)
USEPA
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-5750
Finally, for further information regarding Office of Research and
Development research publications (600/series) or for additional copies of
this report, please contact:
Center for Environmental Research Information
USEPA
26 W. Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7562
FTS 8-684-7562
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Air
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Hazardous Air Pollutant Regulatory
Activities
The engineering program for hazardous air
pollutants addresses problems in the industrial,
commercial, governmental (e.g., military), and
public sectors. The program is comprised of four
parts: (1) prevention of Hazardous Air
Pollutant/Volatile Organic Compound emissions;
(2) assessment and enhancement of existing
control devices; (3) development and
demonstration of innovative new prevention and
control approaches; and (4) direct engineering
technical support.
Prevention of HAP/VOC emissions is
accomplished through development of engineering
strategies involving the use of such options as:
—Substitutes
—Alternative feedstocks and processes
—Recovery, reclamation, reuse
—Decision-making systems for product
manufacturers and formulators
—Special prevention techniques
Enhanced control of HAP, VOC, and PM-10
involves improving existing controls as well as
developing and evaluating new, high-tech control
technologies. Such new, advanced technologies
may make control possible where it was not
feasible before, e.g., small point and area sources.
The program also involves work with source-
oriented controls for problem sources such as
woodstoves and municipal waste incinerators.
An important component of the program is the
assessment and enhancement of existing types of
generic air toxic control such as carbon adsorption,
catalytic oxidation, and particle controls. In
addition, new technologies such as the corona
destruction process will be developed and assessed.
Technical support includes direct support to
state and local agencies and EPA Regional Offices
through operation of the Control Technology
Center. It also includes source assessment (source-
related measurements) to help define the
magnitude and character of air toxic emissions,
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Air
especially as related to application of prevention
options and controls.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AEERL/RTP Wade Ponder 3,837.7 40
OEETD/HQ Marshall Dick 241 75
Hazardous Air Pollutant Regulatory
Activities
Health Effects The health research program for hazardous air
pollutants (HAPs) has three goals: (1) to develop
and validate techniques to evaluate the toxic
effects of HAPs, (2) to produce dose-response data
on the toxic effects of HAPs, and (3) to develop
methods which improve our ability to use
toxicological data in performing risk assessments.
Research is conducted on effects associated with
specific chemicals, chemical classes and complex
mixtures.
More broadly, there is a need to evaluate
whether prolonged exposures to ambient levels of
potential HAPs pose a significant health risk.
Primary research approaches are animal
toxicology and dosimetry studies. EPA researchers
will develop methods to provide data on the
genetic, developmental, and neurotoxic effects of
HAPs. Emphasis of this research will be on the
toxic components of gaseous-aerosol complex
mixtures and source emissions. Emphasis is also
shifting towards research that will resolve generic
extrapolation issues, such as route-to-route
extrapolation, and extrapolation across dose
concentrations and durations.
Dose-response data on the mutagenic and
carcinogenic activity and noncancer endpoints
including neurotoxicity, physiological, and
pulmonary health effects of potential HAPs will be
determined. These HAPs will be selected based
upon assessments prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment (OHEA) and
research needs identified by the Office of Air
Quality, Planning, and Standards (OAQPS). The
effects of selected chemicals suspected of being
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hazardous to the nervous system will be studied.
The dose-exposure research will provide
quantitative information on the relationship
between dose (body burden) and human exposure
to toxic pollutants.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
Ila Cote
Susan Perlin
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
4,046.9
71.4
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Hazardous Air Pollutant Regulatory
Activities
The need for technology to monitor non-criteria
contaminants at the regional, state, and local
levels continues. Broad-based stationary source
screening methods, generic methods and specific
methods for some of the 191 hazardous pollutants
covered in Title III of the new Clean Air Act will
be emphasized. Stationary source methods will be
evaluated and validated. In addition, certain
advanced ambient methods will be evaluated,
including cryogenic preconcentrations, gas
chromatography and Fourier transform infrared
(FTIR) spectrometry.
To support quality assurance needs within the
program, reference samples will be developed and
maintained, guidelines for procedures will be
developed, and laboratory audits will be
performed.
A major ORD field program, the Integrated Air
Cancer Project, will continue to study the origins
and chemical composition of individual species of
toxics, mutagenic or carcinogenic pollutants which
are present in ambient air.
In the Characterization, Transport, and Fate
(CTF) research program, laboratory and field
studies will be conducted to determine the
atmospheric lifetimes and transformation
products of hazardous air pollutants; to determine
deposition and removal rates of hazardous
chemicals; and to identify the factors responsible
for concentration levels and spatial and temporal
(i.e., seasonal) variability of selected volatile
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organic compounds. Also, research studies will
examine the atmospheric chemical and physical
processes that are important in producing
mutagenic compounds in the atmosphere. The
information obtained from this program is used for
preparing health assessment documents to
determine if chemicals in the atmosphere present
a hazard.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds (Sk) In-House
AREAL/RTP John Clements 2,927.4 50
Larry Cupitt
OMMSQA/HQ William Keith
Hazardous Air Pollutant (HAP)
Regulatory Activities
Scientific The hazardous air pollutant scientific assessment
Assessment program of the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment (OHEA) has four
major elements: (1) health assessments, (2)
research to improve methodologies for these
assessments, (3) technological/information
transfer, and (4) expert consultation to the Office
of Air and Radiation (OAR) on all the above
elements. During FY91, major emphasis will be
placed on implementation of programs that are
responsive to new requirements of the Clean Air
Act Amendments. The exact nature of the
scientific assessment program is dependent on the
final language of the Amendments, but even at
this point the assessment program can be broadly
structured to respond.
Health assessment activities will focus on the
list of 191 air-toxics in the Clean Air Act
Amendments and OAR information needs relative
to their decisions on negligible risk, residual risk,
and designation of lesser quantity cut-offs. Cancer
unit risks will be developed for those listed air
toxics that have not already been evaluated.
Chronic reference concentrations (RFC) will be
developed for non-cancer effects. As a methodology
for acute RFC becomes available from the research
program, acute RFC's will be developed. Draft
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Air
RFC's are submitted to the EPA-wide Verification
Committee, co-chaired by OHEA. After
verification or determination that the data base is
inadequate for an RFC, the appropriate
information is entered into IRIS. Those listed
chemicals having data bases inadequate to meet
the criteria for RFC development will be
identified. OHEA will provide support to the
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
(OAQPS) in identifying risks for these chemicals.
Another aspect of the program is to complete
health assessment documents and other
documents in progress in FY90.
A research program is being conducted to
improve methodologies for risk assessment of air
toxics. The focus is on non-cancer health effects
and the RFC methodology. The research is
designed to enhance the scientific foundation of
assumptions inherent in all assessments and to
increase the utility of the assessments to the
program offices. This involves: (1) improving the
quantitative bases for uncertainty assumptions in
the chronic RFC method so that ultimately some
key assumptions can be replaced with actual
values, (2) developing an acute RFD method, and
(3) developing procedures to assess risks above the
RfC. Based on results from this research, the RFC
methodology will be revised and subjected to
expert peer review and Agency review prior to
completion and EPA-wide implementation.OHEA,
jointly with OAQPS, operates the Air Risk
Information Support Center (Air RISC). This
Center provides information on health risks of air
toxics to state and local air pollution agencies as
well as to EPA Regions. Rapid response is
achieved via a hot-line operation. Numerous types
of technical guidance are also provided.
OHEA also acts as technical consultants to
OAR on air toxics health issues. After the passage
of the Clean Air Act Amendments, this role will
increase as OHEA provides expert review on
listing/delisting decisions.
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Air
Office or
Laboratory Contact
ECAO/RTP Lester Grant
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
3,917.6
47.0
Health Effects
Mobile Source Pollutant Regulatory
Activities
The health effects research program for mobile
sources provides health effects data for selected
emissions and transformation products associated
with motor vehicles. One goal of the research
conducted by the Health Effects Research
Laboratory is to develop methods and data that
can be used to characterize the risk of mobile
source emissions as a component of the total
human exposure to carcinogens and mutagens.
Methods will be developed to apportion the
potential cancer risk from alternative engine and
fuel types. The work will include the assessment of
DNA adducts as biomarkers of exposure,
dosimetry, or cancer risk from mobile source
emissions in comparative mutagenesis and
tumorigenesis bioassay systems in vitro and in
vivo. The work also includes an examination of the
impact of alternative fuels and their emissions on
human health, with the focus on
pharmacokinetics, developmental effects,
reproductive effects, neurotoxicity and mutagenic
activity of methanol exposure.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds (Sk) In-House
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Ila Cote
Susan Perlin
322.9
33.6
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Mobile Source Pollutant Regulatory
Activities
The major effort in this program is to characterize
the emissions from motor vehicles using
traditional fuels as well as alternative fuels, such
as methanol, compressed natural gas or
reformulated gasoline. Laboratory studies of the
impact of ambient temperature on the emission
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Air
rates of regulated and unregulated pollutants
from light duty motor vehicles will continue.
Emphasis will be directed to the composition of
organic emissions. Studies of the relationship
between fuel composition, including gasoline and
gasoline-alcohol blends, and the composition and
rate of tailpipe, evaporative, and refueling
emissions will continue. Other programs will
emphasize the development of analytical
procedures suitable for real-time measurement of
motor vehicle emissions. Procedures for
determination of the operating condition of motor
vehicle emission control devices will be evaluated.
Programs for examination, development, and
improvement of procedures for apportionment of
observed ambient pollution to motor vehicles will
be conducted.
Studies will also be conducted to characterize
organic emissions from motor vehicles under
widely variant operating conditions, i.e.,
temperature, speed, and fuels. Emission rates of
formaldehyde, benzene, paraffins, and other
organic compounds of interest will be determined.
Research will also focus on developing
methodology for determining exposures of the
population to mobile source pollutants. A general
methodology has been developed for measuring
and modeling the exposures of the population to
carbon monoxide, and this methodology has been
successfully field tested. Future research will
extend this methodology to other locations and,
where possible, to other mobile source air
pollutants. Detailed analyses of human exposure
field data collected in selected highway
microenvironments will be undertaken to develop
improved commuter exposure models
incorporating traffic variables (roadway
type.traffic count, trip time, and seasonal
characteristics). Data on human activity patterns
and time budgets will be further evaluated for use
in exposure models. Improved models of human
activity patterns and microenvironmental
concentrations will be developed and field
tested.The Simulation of Human Activities and
Pollutant Exposure (SHAPE) model will be
modified and validated using field data from
another urban area. Additional testing of basic
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Air
assumptions incorporated in the NAAQS
Exposure Model (NEM) will be undertaken. The
purpose of the research will be to improve the
accuracy and reliability of the Agency's exposure
assessment methodology for mobile source
pollutants.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AREAL/RTP Ken Knapp 1,688.3 39
Dale Pahl
Frank Black
OMMSQA/HQ William Keith
Mobile Sources
Scientific The Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment Assessment (OHEA) is providing management of
the ORD Alternative Fuels Research Program and
scientific assessments of major issues related to
EPA's development of policies and regulations on
alternative fuels. OHEA is coordinating ORD
activities to develop a Research Strategy that
describes research needed to quantitatively assess
the human health, ecosystem, and global warming
effects of alternative fuels (e.g. methanol, ethanol,
compressed natural gas, and reformulated
gasolines) compared to conventional gasoline and
diesel fuels. This Strategy is intended to provide
broad guidance to development of targeted
research programs within ORD as well as other
scientific institutions which have an interest in
alternative fuels. The ORD Research Plan for
Alternative Fuels is also being developed. It is
based on the Strategy and describes what research
ORD would conduct at several levels of resources.
Both the Strategy and the Plan will be reviewed
by the Science Advisory Board and by the public,
before the final documents are developed.
As part of the scientific assessment portion of
ORD's Alternative Fuels Program, OHEA will
develop assessments of key health and ecosystem
issues and provide overall coordination of the
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Air
program within and outside EPA. This will entail
the development of major health and ecosystem
assessments of the alternative fuels and gasoline.
These documents will be subjected to expert
scientific review at workshops, as well as public
and Science Advisory Board reviews. Assessments
of additional topics (i.e., accidental ingestion of
alternative fuels by children, the health impacts of
alterations in ozone levels resulting from fuel
switching, and predicted occurrences of large
accidental spills of alternative fuels into aquatic
systems) will also be developed, along with
interpretive reports of findings from the ORD
research program. This assessment program will
begin in FY91 with the initiation of one major
assessment.
Another key element is to coordinate the
research program with all interested scientific
institutions (i.e., federal, private, academic and
international). As one step in this process, OHEA
will hold an international meeting on alternative
fuels in FY91, to which these institutions will be
invited to describe their programs and recent
research results, thereby substantially improving
communication. A proceedings of the meeting will
be developed.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
ECAO/RTP Judith Graham
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
267.8
53.0
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS)
The purpose of this program is to provide scientific
information on atmospheric processes and
monitoring methodologies to support the Agency's
regulatory program on National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS). The current
program will focus on inhalable particulate
matter, fine particles and acid aerosols research.
Under the Monitoring Systems and Quality
Assurance portion of this program, improved air
pollution monitoring methods are being developed
to help determine air quality trends, support
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Air
compliance with standards, and meet enforcement
needs. The data from these methods are often used
as the basis for regulatory action. The areas
investigated include ambient methods
development, quality assurance guidelines and
audit materials preparation.
Ambient methods development will focus on
measuring particulate matter in support of
anticipated changes to the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS). Researchers will
analyze visibility data and its relationship to mass
and composition data from the Eastern Fine
Particle Visibility Network.
Quality Assurance (QA) support will be
provided through a standard laboratory and
repository of quality assurance materials. Routine
and special audits will be conducted at
laboratories making ambient measurements and
at compressed gas vendors. QA guidelines,
handbooks, data handling systems and a precision
and accuracy reporting system will be maintained
and updated. QA procedures, materials, and audit
techniques will be developed for compliance
monitoring.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AREAL/RTP William Wilson 1,895.1 24
EMSL/LV Marc Pitchford 171.1 29
OMMSQA/HQ William Keith
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS)
Health Effects This research program has three major goals: (1)
to provide data on health effects of exposures to
03, NC>2, CO, sulfur oxides, particles, acid aerosols
and lead using both human and animal studies; (2)
to provide better models to extrapolate from
animals to humans; and (3) to develop improved
test methods for research into the physiological
responses of humans to the primary air pollutants.
Health effects research is conducted to refine
and improve the toxicological and epidemiological
data base relevant to criteria pollutants. Both
human and animal-dose response studies, as well
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Air
as mathematical modeling, will be given special
attention to determine the deposition, clearance,
and pulmonary function effects of particles, alone
and in combination with ozone, NC>2 and SO2-
Research will be done to improve the models
used to extrapolate animal biochemical and
metabolic responses to humans. Both human and
animal experiments will provide data on the
functional, morphological, and biochemical
changes which occur following exposures to the
primary air pollutants, and provide extrapolation
techniques to predict human pulmonary
responses, including functional and
morphological, to gases and particles.
Animal, human clinical and epidemiology
studies will provide data to determine the extent
to which the primary air pollutants cause or
exacerbate the development of noncarcinogenic
chronic disease. Effects are studied in both healthy
and sensitive (e.g., asthmatic) individuals.
Biological endpoints to be examined include
development of cardiovascular or pulmonary
disease, aggravation of existing conditions,
changes in biochemistry and host defense
mechanisms, and changes in pulmonary structure
or function. Emphasis is currently placed on
determining the acute and chronic effects of 03
and NC>2 inhalation.
The health effects data from this research
program are incorporated into EPA criteria
documents which are used to set and revise
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS).
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds (Sk) In-House
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Ila Cote
Susan Perlin
13,395.6
30.8
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS)
This research provides scientific support of
NAAQS by determining the effects of ozone on
forests, with emphasis on species of economic
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Air
importance. Selected forest species will undergo a
range of ozone exposure scenarios possibly
experienced in the forested regions of the United
States. The ecophysiological impacts of ozone will
be studied in sensitive tree species, and studies of
the economic impact of ozone damage will
continue on economically and ecologically
significant forest species. The research on
exposure scenarios and tree responses will be used
to assess the risk from ozone on major
commercially valuable forest tree species.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
ERL/COR BillHogsett 1,860.6 40
OEPER/HQ PaulRingold 1,006.8 60
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS)
Scientific ^he main objective of the NAAQS scientific
Assessment assessment program is to review and revise
criteria documents for sulfur oxides, particulate
matter, nitrogen oxides, ozone and other
photochemical oxidants, carbon monoxide, and
lead. Air Quality Criteria Documents (AQCDs)
are mandated by the Clean Air Act and, as
directed by the Act, are revised at 5-year intervals.
These documents are evaluations of the available
scientific information on the health and welfare
effects of criteria pollutants. As such, criteria
documents are the primary source of information
used by EPA regulatory decision makers in setting
or revising the NAAQS.
Criteria document draft materials are
developed by EPA scientists and outside expert
consultants and are peer-reviewed by scientific
experts in public workshops. Subsequently, the
document drafts are revised and through
announcements in the Federal Register, the public
is invited to comment on the resulting external
review drafts, which are also reviewed in public
meetings by the Clean Air Scientific Advisory
Committee of EPA's Science Advisory Board. The
final documents are submitted to the Clean Air
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Air
Docket and are published concurrently with the
proposed regulatory decisions.
In FY91, work will continue on revision of the
Carbon Monoxide and Oxides of Nitrogen AQCDs
and on the assembling and updating of data bases
concerning ozone, acid aerosols, lead, and fine
particle-visibility relationships.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
ECAO/RTP Lester Grant
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
1,975.8
57.0
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
New Source Performance Standards and
State Implementation Plans
Air quality models predicting the air quality
impacts associated with pollution abatement
strategies are used in the evaluation and
development of State Implementation Plans for
the control of photochemical oxidants, gases and
particles.
The transport and fate portion of the program is
responsible for conducting air quality modeling
and laboratory studies to develop a single,
defensible chemical mechanism module for use in
ozone air quality standard development and
implementation. Models will be used to assess the
air quality impacts associated with various ozone
control strategy scenarios. In a cooperative
program involving ORD, the Program and
Regional offices, the Regional Oxidant Model
(ROM) will be used to assess the impact of long -
range ozone transport in the Northeast. Also in
response to questions that have been raised
concerning the role of biogenic emissions in ozone
formation in the southeastern U.S., a research
program has been initiated to determine the role
of biogenic emissions and other factors that may
affect the attainment of ozone standards.
Field and laboratory studies to further develop
and test different source apportionment methods
(SAMs) are underway and will evaluate hybrid
SAM models with chemical composition and
meteorology for apportionment of regional
aerosols. In view of the revised particulate air
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quality standard based on inhalable particulates,
field, smog chamber, wind tunnel, water channel,
and laboratory studies are being used to develop
and evaluate chemistry and dispersion
components of urban scale particulate air quality
models. Research is continuing to develop a first
generation regional particulate air quality model
(RPM).
Additional research in the monitoring systems
and quality assurance area emphasize the
development of monitoring methods and provision
of quality assurance samples and support. EPA's
monitoring methodologies for source air pollutants
will include evaluation, methods improvement,
preparation of operating guidance and manuals
for developed and commercial monitoring
instruments. A major effort will be conducted to
evaluate methods for PM10 monitors. Quality
assurance for the source monitoring program is
essential to ensuring that only data of known
accuracy and precision are used for regulatory and
enforcement decisions. Reference samples will be
provided and audits of laboratories making source
measurements will be continued.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
AREAL/RTP John Clements
Jack Shreffler
Francis Schiermeier
EMSL/LV James McElroy
OMMSQA/HQ William Keith
6,455.1
452.6
38
43
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
New Source Performance Standards and
State Implementation Plans
Research in this program supports the
development of New Source Performance
Standards (NSPS) and State Implementation
Plans by aiding in the development of pollutant
control technology which is cost-effective and
energy-efficient. The focus of the research is on the
reduction of Volatile Organic Compounds, NOX,
and SOX emissions.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are a
major cause of non-attainment of the National
16
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Air
Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone.
Extramural research will evaluate VOC
abatement technology such as adsorption, thermal
oxidation, and catalytic oxidation. Of particular
interest will be effective and affordable prevention
and control methods for small VOC-emitting
industries.
Combustion modification methods of
controlling NOX and other emissions will be
evaluated to determine combustion modification
(CM) methods for reducing NOX emissions and
improving the performance of utility and
industrial boilers. Prior research has proven that
CM methods can be effective for control of NOX as
well as other emissions, if each method is tailored
to the characteristics of the specific combustion
equipment (e.g., stoker or package boilers, coal or
oil burners, and internal combustion engines or
gas turbines). Research will evaluate an in-
furnace NOX reduction technique called reburning
which involves injection of fuel downstream of the
primary combustion zone. In-house reburning
experiments on pilot-scale combustors will be
continued and field test projects in a full-scale
coal-fired utility boiler will be started. In-house
tests of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems
for internal combustion engines will be completed.
Existing technology to control gaseous
pollutants is expensive. For new utility sources,
approximately 30% of boiler costs are attributable
to air pollution control. Design and performance
data for low cost, high-reliability emission
reduction technology are needed to support the
Agency's regulatory functions. Technical support
to regulated entities will be provided by
conducting assessments and fundamental
research on technologies for reduction of stack
emissions of sulfur dioxide (SC^).
SOX emissions reduction technology will focus
on demonstrating dry sorbent injection technology
with its potential for 55 to 70 percent control and
also on an advanced process that can be coupled
with sorbent injection to efficiently utilize
unreacted sorbent and provide for 90 percent SC>2
control. These processes will be suitable for both
retrofit and new applications and will be
candidates for consideration in acid rain control
17
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Air
implementation strategies. A coordinated in-
house and extramural pilot-scale effort will
provide essential direct support to the technology
demonstration programs especially in the area of
sorbent reactivity and process optimization. These
efforts will provide test data which will be used to
design key process equipment for the advanced
SC>2 removal process. Quality technology transfer
will continue to be given high priority to ensure
that results of the SC>2 control program are
expeditiously and effectively made available to
potential users for consideration in their
implementation strategies.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AEERL/RTP Jim Abbott 2,448.6 54
Everett Plyler
OEETD/HQ Marshall Dick 281.1 90
Indoor Air Pollution Activities
Scientific EPA's indoor air research program is geared to
Assessment identify, characterize, and rank indoor air
problems, and to assess and implement
appropriate mitigation strategies. EPA's research
and analytical activities will pursue both source-
specific and generic approaches to indoor air
pollution. From a source-specific standpoint, the
Agency will identify high-risk pollutant sources
and characterize the exposures and health risks of
various populations to those sources. At the same
time the Agency will also pursue broad, cross-
cutting strategies to assess the total exposure of
people to indoor air pollutants and to develop
mitigation strategies that can address multiple
pollutants simultaneously through improved
building design and management techniques.
Activities in FY91 in the area of scientific
assessment include the continued development of
risk characterization methodology to assess
noncancer health effects; develop and apply
methods to assess exposures to both single
compounds and mixtures; continue comprehensive
review of biocontaminants in indoor air; develop
portable, comprehensive test kit for initial
18
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Air
screening of indoor air quality problems; update
and publish Indoor Air Reference Bibliography.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
ECAO/RTP Michael Berry 775 39.0
Indoor Air Pollution Activities
Health Effects The goal of the indoor air health effects research
program is to determine whether exposure to
indoor air pollution contributes or leads to adverse
health effects. Indoor air often contains higher
levels of pollutants than outdoor air. Most
individuals spend over 80% of their time indoors.
Sensitive populations, e.g., children, asthmatics,
and the elderly, may be at higher risk from
exposure to indoor air pollution. Therefore, the
exposure, dose, and effects from indoor air
pollution need to be factored into the total risk
assessment of air pollution.
A balanced program involving humans,
laboratory animals, and bioassay approaches will
be maintained to better understand "sick building
syndrome." The approach to study the effects of
indoor air is broad. Genetic bioassay studies of the
combustion products from indoor air sources,
including environmental tobacco smoke and
kerosene heaters, will be conducted in chambers,
test homes, and targeted field studies to provide a
comparative estimate of the potential cancer risk
from various sources. Human clinical studies of
volatile organic compounds will continue to be
conducted in chambers to determine effects related
to the "sick building syndrome." Field and clinical
studies will continue to evaluate cotinine as a
biochemical marker for nicotine Work will be
conducted to start characterizing people with
chemical hypersensitivities. This work will be
critical to understanding the physiological basis
for multiple chemical sensitivity.
19
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Air
Office or
Laboratory Contact
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Ila Cote
Susan Perlin
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
1,135.6
5.5
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Indoor Air Pollution Activities
Indoor air research consists of development and
testing of monitoring devices and the design and
implementation of field studies to identify and
quantitate pollutants indoors. This research
supports investigation of pollutant sources,
human exposures and health effects.
Methods development research investigates
monitoring devices for pollution monitoring levels
in homes. Results are used to produce information
regarding proper use (sample locations and sample
times) and performance limitations of these
devices. This research will continue to develop and
test these devices, especially personal monitors, in
other microenvironments (buildings, vehicles,
etc.).
Field studies to investigate spatial and
temporal variations in indoor air quality will be
designed and implemented in conjunction with an
intensive review of data needs. The program will
emphasize research on "sick building" where
elevated levels of pollutants can be observed and
will characterize the major parameter that will
influence indoor air quality.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AREAL/RTP Ross Highsmith 1,189.0 9
EMSL/CIN Alfred Dufour 200.0 45
OMMSQA/HQ William Keith 0 0
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Global Change Research
Increased atmospheric concentrations of carbon
dioxide and other radiatively important trace
gases (methane, nitrous oxide,
chlorofluorocarbons, etc.) have raised concerns
about potential climate change among the general
20
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Air
public and members of the scientific community.
Additionally, concerns about decreasing
stratospheric ozone have emerged. Scientific
information on global change, including both
climate change and stratospheric ozone influences,
is required to assist decision makers in developing
sound policies. However, much uncertainty exists
about how these global changes derive from or
may impact specific geographic regions, ecological
systems, and human activities.
Emissions of greenhouse gases have been
increasing, so clearly, understanding of sources
and sinks must be improved, to evaluate the
relative contribution of anthropogenic and natural
sources of these gases. In addition, chemical
transformations that occur in the troposphere and
stratosphere, and which help determine the net
radiative forcing that results in the green house
effect, will be studied. Development of a second-
generation carbon emissions model is also
currently ongoing. This research, in close
conjunction with the Department of Energy, will
develop a global model capable of handling
emissions scenarios with more sophistication than
is currently available, allowing more realistic
assessment of the consequences of making specific
changes in emissions rates.
Ecological effects are important potential
consequences of climate change. Research into
these potential effects is ongoing, with a focus on
the relation between climatic conditions and
boundaries between major ecosystems, such as
between forests and grasslands. When completed
this research should provide insight for resource
managers into the magnitude of latitudinal and
longitudinal shifts of major ecosystems that might
be associated with specific climatic changes.
Another important research effort is the
investigation of effects of decreasing stratospheric
ozone that allows increased ultraviolet flux (UV-B)
at the earth's surface. Research conducted under
the Agency's stratospheric ozone depletion
program will continue on terrestrial and aquatic
ecosystems, human health, and emissions and
mitigative solutions. Studies of the effects of UV-B
radiation on terrestrial ecosystems will emphasize
determining the relationship between UV-B dose
21
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Air
and other anthropogenic factors such as global
climate change. Research will also stress UV-B
effects on the marine food web and biogeochemical
cycling. Further evaluation will be made of
alternative compounds to CFCs and halons, and in
technologies to replace those used for such
purposes as refrigeration, insulation, and fire
extinguishment. Research will also continue on
developing ways to reduce emissions of chemicals
that contribute to stratospheric ozone depletion,
including CFCs, halons, and nitrous oxide, and to
transfer technology within the U.S. and to
developing nations. Support for the Vienna
Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
and the renegotiated Montreal Protocol will
continue, in cooperation with other nations.
While research on potential causes and
consequences of global change is important,
research on possible options for adapting to or
mitigating change is also important.
Opportunities exist for technological advances,
such as intensive reforestation, and other
sequestration and biomass utilization techniques
to replace fossil fuels. The potential for reducing
greenhouse gas emissions will also be a major
focus of ORD. These technologies include
biological approaches for methane and nitrogen
oxides as well as novel control/utilization
techniques for methane.
Office or
Laboratory
OEPER/HQ
AREAL/RTP
AEERL/RTP
ERL/ATH
ERL/COR
ERL/NARR
Contact
Anthony C. Janetos
Robert C. Worrest
John T. Sigmon
Jack H, Shrefler
James H. Abbott
William J. Rhodes
Richard G. Zepp
Lee A. Mulkey
David T. Tingey
Peter A. Beedlo\v
Henry A. Walker
Henry Lee II
Total
Funds ($k)
26,000
Percent
In-House
13
22
-------
Air
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Global Climate Change
As a result of increased national and international
concern regarding potential significant changes in
global climate, OEETD has expanded its program
in this area. The expanded global emissions and
control program, which is an integral part of the
ORD program, consists of two major elements:
emissions and mitigation. Emissions research
includes development of global and regional
emission factors, activities, and functions for
anthropogenic and biogenic sources of radiatively
important trace gases. The mitigation program
includes assessment of emissions management
techniques and their applicability to
industrialized and developing countries, and
selected development and demonstration of
promising techniques to accelerate their
commercialization and application to reduce
emissions of radiatively important trace gases.
Initial mitigation activities will center on
technology to reduce anthropogenic emissions of
methane (e.g., from coal mines, landfills, and
natural gas systems) and on biomass utilization.
The biomass utilization research will focus on
harvesting, preparation, and combustion of
biomass fuel and sequestration of biomass in
useful products.
Office or
Laboratory
AEERL/RTP
OEETD/HQ
Contact
David Mobley
Marshall Dick
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
4,500.00
10
Health Effects
Health Effects Institute
A significant part of the health effects research on
mobile source emissions is conducted through the
Congressionally mandated Health Effects
Institute (HEI). HEI is jointly sponsored by EPA,
through extramural funding, and the automobile
industry to perform research on the health effects
of pollutants related to mobile sources.
The research focuses on various mobile source-
related pollutants, including carbon monoxide,
oxidants (ozone and nitrogen dioxide), diesel
23
-------
Air
exhaust and alternative fuels such as methanol.
Important areas of health research conducted by
HEI include: development and use of biological
markers; identification and characterization of
susceptible populations; determination of dose to
target tissue; assessment of susceptibility to
infection; examination of mechanisms of injury
and/or disease; and evaluation of
neurotoxicological and behavioral effects. HEI is
expanding its research on the health effects of
alternative fuels by sponsoring several methanol
inhalation studies in rats and monkeys that focus
on metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and behavioral
developmental effects of offspring exposed in
utero.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP IlaCote 3,000.0 0
24
-------
Drinking Water
Health Effects
Health Effects of Drinking Water
Contaminants
This research program provides dose-response
data on organic and inorganic contaminants found
in drinking water. In addition, toxicological
methods are developed and validated for the
purpose of improving the relevance of toxicological
data to regulatory issues and to improve the risk
characterization process.
Research will focus on determining the health
effects resulting from exposure to chlorine
disinfectants and their by-products. Work will be
done to improve methods for extrapolating health
effects research data in order to assess the risks
associated with simultaneous exposure to multiple
chemicals in binary and complex mixtures.
Epidemiology studies on the relationship between
disinfectants and cancer, and reproductive effects
will be conducted.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHRAIQ
Contact
Jack Fowle
Rebecca Calderon
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
6,263.2
53.4
Scientific
Assessment
Health Effects of Drinking Water
Contaminants
Revision of national drinking water regulations
and health advisory guidance given to the States
requires an assessment of the potential hazard to
human health from exposure to chemicals in
drinking water. The health assessment documents
prepared under this program take the form of both
criteria documents and health advisories. These
documents are assessments of the health effects of
exposure to contaminants in drinking water. They
specifically evaluate the relevant scientific data
describing the physical and chemical properties,
the pharmacokinetics, the health effects in
animals and humans, and the mechanisms of
toxicity. The health assessments are prepared for
various chemicals as requested by EPA's Office of
Drinking Water (ODW). This risk assessment
25
-------
Drinking Water
process enables ODW to establish a Maximum
Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG), representing a
level designed to preclude the risk of an adverse
effect on human health.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
ECAO/CIN Cynthia Sonich-Mullin 931.2
71.2
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Ground Water Research
Geophysical research will be conducted for
mapping and monitoring fluid movement from
injection wells; for detecting near-surface
contamination from abandoned wells and
movement along fracture zones; and, for the
evaluation of seismic hazards associated with the
underground injection process. In support of EPA's
Wellhead Protection Program, guidance on
monitoring system design will be developed.
Additional research will involve the
quantification of the spatial characteristics of
pollutants in drinking water and the application of
modeling techniques to assist in groundwater
quality sampling decisions, including methods for
using the Geographic Information System (GIS)
for enhancing data management and analyses.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/LV Robert Snelling
OMMSQA/HQ TomPheiffer
1,067.7
35
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Ground Water
Ground water is a major source of drinking water
for the nation. This research program provides
both technical information and improved methods
for predicting contamination movement and
transformation. The research focuses on methods
development for and studies of subsurface
transport and fate processes such as biological
transformation, oxidation-reduction, hydrolysis,
26
-------
Drinking Water
and ion exchange. Facilitated transport research
will address complex mixture processes such as
multiphase transport and solvent composition
effects on sorption. In addition, micelle- and
DOC/colloid-aided transport will be addressed.
The results of the research will allow better
human exposure assessments from ground-water
contamination. This research is closely
coordinated with that in Hazardous Waste,
Superfund, and Pesticides.
Field evaluation of techniques for determining
the mechanical integrity and adequacy of
construction of injection wells will occur. Work to
develop technological alternatives for regulating
Class V wells will continue.
Methods will be developed for delineating
wellhead protection areas and for performing risk
assessments in wellhead protection areas. In
addition, technology transfer activities associated
with this and other programs will be emphasized.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
RSKERL/ADA James McNabb 3,733.2 35
OEPER/HQ Barbara Levinson 840.2 61
ERL/ATH LeeMulkey 309.2 22
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Drinking Water Technology
This program supports the revisions in the
National Drinking Water Standards. Technology
performance and cost data, to support maximum
contaminant standards under the Safe Drinking
Water Act and its Amendments, is obtained
through ongoing treatment research and
evaluations.
Focus is on treatment to control physical and
chemical contaminants and microbiological
contamination. Research in treatment technology
addresses removal of: disinfection byproducts and
their precursors, inorganic contaminants,
maintaining water quality in the distribution
system, and developing supporting cost data.
27
-------
Drinking Water
Major treatment occurrence issues include:
• Assessing formation mechanisms and
conditions for disinfection byproducts.
• Evaluating control techniques for the
byproducts.
• Developing and evaluating technology for small
systems, including point-of-use/point-of-entry
treatment device evaluation.
• Evaluating alternative disinfection processes.
• Evaluating technology on corrosion of lead and
copper.
• Investigations into means of reducing lead in
hard and soft drinking water.
• Evaluation of point-of-entry systems for radon
removal and inactivation of crytosporidium
oocysts.
• Developing cost information for treatment
processes and entire systems. Evaluations will
also be made of the tradeoffs in planning for
rehabilitation of older water systems.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
Robert Clark
Bill McCarthy
Total
Funds ($10
5,400
Percent
In-House
63
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Drinking Water Technology
This program will provide support for the Agency-
wide mandatory quality assurance program. The
ten regional laboratories will be evaluated
annually in support of the National Interim
Primary Drinking Water Regulations monitoring
certification program. This program will also
conduct methods development research for
analytical procedures to produce precise and
accurate total measurement systems for chemical,
radiochemical and microbiological analysis, and
will investigate the application of innovative
technologies to the analysis of drinking water
contaminants. It will provide technically and
economically feasible analytical procedures to
28
-------
Drinking Water
monitor contaminants for use by the Agency,
States, municipalities, and operators of public
drinking water systems.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/CIN Thomas Clark 2,648.4 60
EMSL/LV Robert Snellmg 336.3 95
OMMSQA/HQ Tom Pheiffer
29
-------
Water Quality
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Water Quality Based Approach/Permitting
The monitoring research program develops
chemical, physical, and biological methods for
measuring site-specific and ambient water
pollutant concentrations and biological integrity
of ecosystems.
Research emphasizes new measurement
method standardization and development of
quality assurance support such as guidelines,
calibration materials, performance audits, and
performance criteria. Additionally, research seeks
to extend the sensitivity of chemical methods for
measuring toxic chemicals in water and sediment.
Research on biological monitoring methods also
includes developing methods which screen toxic
concentrations of pollutants in ambient waters
and sediments; and bioassessment methods of
exposure rather than identifying specific
substances. Quality assurance procedures for
chronic and acute toxicological effects monitoring,
standardization of biological sampling and
assessment, and analysis methods are provided.
Research on physical measurement methods
concentrates on documenting the validity and
accuracy of sampling and analysis regimes. The
quality assurance program which provides quality
control calibration materials and procedures for
standardization of chemical and biological
analysis also conducts two audits of analytical
methods performance yearly.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
EMSL/CIN James Lazorchak
William Budde
John Winter
OMMSQA/HQ TomPheiffer
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
1,058.4
95
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Water Quality Based Approach/Permitting
A water quality-based approach to pollution
control provides for correction of ambient water
quality problems that remain after mandated
pollution control technology (e.g., secondary
treatment, effluent guidelines) is in place. This
30
-------
Water Quality
requires the ability to translate water quality
standards into specific effluent conditions and
discharge limitations for municipalities and
industries. Research will be undertaken to provide
the necessary information and scientific tools,
including: water quality criteria development/
modification protocols; contaminated sediment
assessment techniques; wasteload allocation
techniques; and complex effluent testing
procedures. Research on the water quality
functions of wetlands, and cumulative effects of
wetlands loss and the impacts of mitigation of
wetlands will also be conducted. Studies on
sustainable agriculture and its effect on water
resources will begin.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total
Funds ($k)
ERL/ATH
ERL/COR
ERL/DUL
ERL/NARR
OEPER/HQ
John Rogers
Tom Murphy
Nelson Thomas
Norbert Jaworski
ChiehWu
970
653.1
3,244.4
1,790
2,546.3
Percent
In-House
82
82
80
68
25
Scientific
Assessment
Water Quality Based Approach/Permitting
EPA's overall research program with regard to
water quality emphasizes development of the
scientific and technical base to help States develop
site-specific standards and to conduct use-
attainability analyses. The scientific assessment
program will provide guidance for assessing the
risk of human exposure to mixtures of toxic
chemicals, and evaluate site-specific health
hazards as required by the States and EPA. As a
part of this effort, EPA develops documentation for
the specific risk assessments.
Office or Total
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k)
ECAO/CIN Cynthia Sonich-Mullm 399.7
Percent
In-House
85.4
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems and
Quality
Assurance
Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Technology
Research will support the Agency in the
implementation of technology-based effluent
limitation regulations and the modification of
31
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Water Quality
enforcement activities as required by water
quality-based permit adjustments. Methods
standardization research will be directed to the
improvement of precision, accuracy, and method
detection limits of existing regulated inorganic
and organic contaminants and biological limits.
Research will also validate and correct analytical
and biological methods for the analysis of high
priority industrial wastewater components as well
as evaluate alternative analytical methods to
support the National Pollution Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) program.
Quality assurance activities include
conducting both the target survey and full audit of
some 7,000 major NPDES permits for the annual
Discharge Monitoring Report Quality Assurance
(DMRQA) study; maintenance of a repository for
distribution of calibration, quality control, and
performance evaluation samples; and the conduct
of performance evaluation studies. The research
program will support NPDES quality assurance
by providing quality control chemical and
biological samples and protocols and by
maintaining the standards repository, including
auditing monitoring systems data reliability,
DMRQA, and documentation of precision and
accuracy.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
EMSL/CIN James Lazorchak
William Budde
John Winter
OMMSQA/HQ Tom Pheiffer
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
848.4
98
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Wastewater Treatment Technology
The wastewater technology research program
provides the technical information and
engineering assistance needed to develop and
implement the regulations and guidance for
disposal of sludge and control of pollution from
municipal treatment plants to bring plants into
compliance with state discharge permits. This
program also provides the research in industrial
wastewater characterization and control
32
-------
Water Quality
technology needed to support the National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. The
program focuses on toxicity reduction evaluations
to support the development of water quality-based
permit limitations in municipal wastewaters, and
best conventional technology and best available
technology limitations in industrial wastewaters.
Design, cost and performance information for
sludge stabilization, pathogen reduction, and
dewatering processes will be proved to support
sludge regulation implementation and
refinement. Emphasis is also on supporting the
new wastewater treatment technologies
development and infrastructure protection,
particularly with regard to small communities.
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/Cin
OEETD/HQ
Contact
SubhasSikdar
Don Tang
5,777.0
40
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Wastewater Treatment Technology
This research will identify and determine
distribution of unlisted chemicals in industrial
wastewaters. Compounds that can be identified by
empirical mass spectra matching as well as those
that elude identification by this technique will be
included. This research will also study the
biological functions of constructed wetlands in the
treatment of wastewater from small communities
and acid mine drainage.
Office or
Laboratory
ERL/ATH
ERL/COR
ERL/DUL
OEPER/HQ
Contact
William Donaldson
Richard Olson
William Sanville
ChiehWu
Total
Funds ($k)
152.2
85.4
90.4
Percent
In-House
100
0
0
Health Effects
Wastewater Treatment Technology
Health effects research focuses on human health
aspects of municipal wastewater and sludge
33
-------
Water Quality
disposal. The data from these studies are used by
the Agency for formulation of regulations,
permits, and guidelines under the Clean Water
Act. One emphasis, at present, is on land use and
disposal of municipal sludges which requires
careful assessment of the effects on human health
of exposure to pollutants contained in the sludges.
Research will focus on developing and validating a
battery of short-term tests for predicting the
potential health effects from exposure to complex
mixtures in wastewaters and sludge.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/CIN
OHR/HQ
Jack Fowle
Rebecca Calderon
362.4
100
Scientific
Assessment
Wastewater Treatment Technology
The scientific assessment program provides
human risk assessment methodologies for
chemicals and pathogens in support of regulatory
decision making on the use and disposal of
municipal sludge. Numerical criteria and/or
management practices for pollutants in sludge are
developed based on the human risk assessment
methodologies. The use and disposal options are
landfilling, land application (including
distribution and marketing), incineration, ocean
disposal, and surface impoundment.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
ECAO/CIN Cynthia Sonich-Mullin 367.8
31.0
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Marine, Estuaries, and Lakes
This program has three components: ocean
disposal, coastal waters, and Great Lakes.
To support ocean disposal permit decisions,
there is a need to provide decision makers with
rationale and procedures which are scientifically
sound. These should provide guidance for the
acquisition of information and the interpretation
34
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Water Quality
of this information in order to support ocean
disposal permit decisions. Under the ocean
disposal research program, emphasis will be given
to the development and testing of procedures to
better evaluate the impacts of ocean disposal
actions; development of procedures to satisfy
monitoring needs for permit, surveillance, and
hazard assessment application; and development
of procedures for predicting the bioaccumulation of
contaminants and evaluation of the significance of
bioaccumulation processes, resultant tissue
residues and biological effects.
Methods for better source control decisions in
the NPDES and construction grants program are
needed for estuaries and near coastal waters.
Emphasis will be given to the development/testing
of biomarker assessment methods, development of
wasteload allocation models for estuaries, and
studies of ecosystem recovery.
The Great Lakes research program will
measure, describe and predict the distribution,
movement, fate, and effects of toxic substances in
nearshore "areas of concern" identified by the
US/Canada Water Quality Agreement. Emphasis
will be given to problems involving in-place
pollutants and mass balance modeling This
program will also provide the International Joint
Commission (IJC), the Great Lakes National
Program Office (GLNPO), EPA Regions and Great
Lakes states with technical support and research
data synthesis related to activities under the
US/Canada Water Quality Agreement.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
ERIVNARR
ERL/GB
ERL/DUL
OEPER/HQ
Norbert Jaworski
Rod Parish
Oilman Veith
Sam Williams
3,742.9
210.9
1,787.7
400.1
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
80
75
25
45
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Marine, Estuaries, and Lakes
The aim of this program is to develop, evaluate,
and validate standardized chemical, biological and
microbiological methods for the analysis of
contaminants and biological integrity in marine,
35
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Water Quality
estuarine and other salt water matrices. The
nearand coastal areas of the U.S. are economically
some of our richest and most sensitive ecosystems.
Standardized methods are needed by the Regions
for the National Estuaries Program and other
activities.
Currently, EPA does not have standardized
methods and reference materials for monitoring,
assessment and regulation of chemical
constituents and pollutants in marine and
estuarine waters and sediments.
Available methods will be reviewed for
applicability in marine and estuarine
environments and revised as necessary. Methods
not applicable will be modified or new methods
development initiated, as needed, using state-of-
the-art technology. On- going methods
development activities and plans for new methods
research will be reviewed and modified, if
appropriate, to include marine and estuarine
methods. Research will be conducted to determine
the applicability of existing nutrient, metal, trace
elements, and biological materials for use as
quality control and performance evaluation
samples. Application of these quality assurance
materials to marine and estuarine waters will be
coordinated with the Regions and the ORD Office
of Environmental Processes and Effects' marine
laboratory.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/CIN Thomas Clark 704.0 60
OMMSQA/HQ TomPheiffer
36
-------
Hazardous Waste
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Alternate Technologies
The Treatment program examines both existing
and emerging alternative techniques for treating
or detoxifying hazardous materials. Emphasis
continues to be placed on those waste streams
which will be banned from land disposal facilities.
Research and demonstration of existing and
emerging technologies will be conducted for those
waste streams assigned high priority by OSWER,
waste streams which are difficult to cost-
effectively treat by available technology, and
waste streams with high potential for hazardous
air emissions. Emphasis will be on
characterization and pilot-scale testing of newly
listed hazardous waste streams. Assistance in the
review of permits for alternative technologies and
project monitoring for evaluation of such
technologies will be provided. Other types of
information transfer activities such as workshops,
seminars, and guidance documents will be
prepared in conjunction with the Center for
Environmental Research Information.
A major portion of the research is now devoted
to reducing the production of pollutants at their
source. Major investigation will be conducted to
define assessment techniques to measure the
reduction in quantities of pollutants produced and
to identify potential areas for pollutant reduction.
Evaluation of technologies for reducing the
pollutants discharged will be conducted.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
RREL/Cin
OEETD/HQ
R. Hill
C. Brunner
H. Freeman
B. Krishnan
7,951.9
500
20
33
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Incineration
The incineration research program focuses on the
problem areas of organic destruction and metals
partitioning and industries characterizing
performance of existing thermal technologies;
developing methods of rapid cost-effective
37
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Hazardous Waste
compliance monitoring of these facilities;
characterizing the products of incomplete
combustion and their formation and destruction
and control conditions; and developing methods to
predict performance to avoid process failure and
control process reliability. In addition, technical
assistance on specific regulatory or remediation
requirements is provided.The research is
conducted at laboratory-, pilot-, and full-scale
operations which simulate actual
incineration/boilers/kilns. Pilot-scale facilities are
located at Research Triangle Park and Jefferson,
Arkansas. The hypotheses from this program are
verified in full-scale field tests. The program
examines conventional incineration as well as
high temperature industrial processes.
Research on the incineration of municipal
waste will also be conducted to determine the
effectiveness of the process in destroying the
hazardous components of the waste and to
determine the characteristics of the ash produced.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
RREL/CIN C. Dempsey 1,012.9 33
AEERL/RTP R.Hall 300.0 100
OEETD/HQ B. Krishnan 200.0 100
Incineration
Health Effects Research on this issue focuses on improving the
assessment of risks from emissions and residuals
of hazardous waste management practices,
especially incineration. Current efforts are focused
on research to explore the relationship between
exposure to disposed incineration residuals
containing metals and dose to target tissues. This
pharmacokinetics research improves our
understanding of the principles governing
dosimetry of metals for risk assessment.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP Robert Dyer 876.8 54
OHR/HQ Thomas Miller
38
-------
Hazardous Waste
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Land Disposal
With regard to land disposal, synthetic and clay
liners will be studied and the effectiveness of
alternative closure and monitoring procedures for
surface impoundments will be investigated.
Technical Resource Documents will be updated for
use by regional and state agencies for permitting
hazardous waste disposal facilities and for
enforcing applicable regulations. This program
will update documents for disposal facility design,
operation, maintenance, and closure.
Research is also being conducted to characterize
air emissions from hazardous waste treatment,
storage, and disposal facilities and to assess
methods to control them.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
R. Landreth
B. Krishnan
Total
Funds ($k)
2,377.0
100.0
Percent
In-House
31
100
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Pollution Prevention
The Pollution Prevention Research Program
supports the development and demonstration of
low and non-waste production technologies, and
encourages the development of products that do
not present environmental problems relevant to
their manufacture, use, and disposal. The overall
goal of the program is to support the adoption of
techniques and technologies that result in the
elimination of pollution at the source of its
production, as opposed to controlling pollution
through increasingly stringent treatment options.
Major elements of the program include a
program to demonstrate innovative waste
reduction technologies carried out in cooperation
with state and local waste reduction programs, a
program to encourage the adoption of pollution
prevention techniques in other federal agencies,
and a program to encourage the use of waste
minimization assessments to identify waste .
reduction opportunities at industrial sites. This
last program has produced a generic assessment
39
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Hazardous Waste
manual and pollution prevention guides in seven
industries.
Future activities under the PPRP will highlight
socioeconomic studies, anticipatory research to
identify future opportunities for pollution
prevention strategies, and technology transfer.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
RREL/Cin
OEETD/HQ
Harry Freeman
B. Krishnan
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
3,500 0
Health Effects
Municipal Solid Waste
Research on the potential carcinogenic and non-
carcinogenic health effects of emissions and
residues from municipal waste combustion (MWC)
will focus on the following objectives: Perform a
comparative assessment of the mutagenicity and
carcinogenicity of the emission products from
MWC in comparison to other industrial and
residential combustion sources. Identify the
principal mutagenic/carcinogenic chemicals in
MWC emissions by using bioassay-directed
chemical characterization. Support the evaluation
of engineering and control technology parameters
by using short-term bioassays in the evaluation of
these parameters to determine operational
conditions which will minimize risk. Evaluate the
toxicity of MWC emissions, collected after
dilution, in in vivo target cell bioassays and short-
term in vivo assays.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Robert Dyer
Thomas Miller
895.2
54
Scientific
Assessment
Municipal Solid Waste
The comprehensive risk assessment methodology
will be applied in site-specific cases. A baseline
field evaluation study of the municipal waste
combustor in Rutland, Vermont will be completed.
40
-------
Hazardous Waste
Work will begin on comparative risk assessment of
various thermal destruction options.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
ECAO/CIN Cynthia Sonich-Mullin 604
25.0
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Municipal Solid Waste
ORD is expanding research in municipal solid
waste (MSW) management. Research will focus on
techniques for improving strategic planning,
source reduction recycling and improving long-
term performance of land disposal units.
Municipal waste combustion (MWC) research will
continue to provide the scientific bases for air
emission regulations; evaluation of mercury
emissions, CDD/CDF formation and gas and
heterogenous phase organic pollutant reaction;
and assess potential effects of materials recovery
on MWC processes. MWC residue research will
emphasize the environmental effects of using the
residues as useful products, sources of toxic
constituents in MSW that affect residue
characteristics, and speciation of the toxic
constituents in the ashes. MITE, ORD's program
to demonstrate and evaluate innovative
technologies for improving municipal solid waste,
will focus on demonstrating processes for
converting secondary materials into useful
commercial products.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
RREL/Cin R. Landreth 3,933.1 35
AEERL/RTP R. Hall 1,161.0 35
OEETD/HQ B. Krishnan 1,000 100
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Municipal Solid Waste Monitoring
Support is provided to the Office of Solid Waste
(OSW) to improve the siting and monitoring of
municipal waste combustion disposal facilities and
to identify key groundwater monitoring issues
41
-------
Hazardous Waste
pertaining to municipal waste combustion ash
disposal facilities.
The 1984 amendments to RCRA require the
EPA to revise, where necessary, the criteria for
Subtitle D facilities; however, technical
information in the monitoring area is needed to
support regulatory development. Further, in many
coastal areas, municipal disposal facilities are
located in or near wet environments, posing
special environmental problems. Questions
concerning the environmental adequacy of
municipal waste combustion disposal are delaying
the construction of needed combustion disposal
capacity.
Existing data on leachate characteristics and
ground-water contamination around types of
Subtitle D facilities and municipal waste
combustion ash monofils are being collected on a
continuous basis and evaluated. Ground-water
monitoring parameters for ash landfills will be
developed. Potential indicators of biological
contamination will be identified.
Wet environments will receive special emphasis
with an evaluation of siting practices relative to
wet environments. Methods for monitoring in or
near wet environments are being evaluated.
Existing published and unpublished
environmental monitoring data for environmental
impacts of monofil and co-disposal ash disposal
facilities are being identified and evaluated.
Existing municipal waste combustion disposal
facilities sites are being characterized and
evaluated. Monitoring and site characterization
guidance and an expert system for permit writers
will be developed.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/LV Eugene Meier 733.9 11
OMMSQA/HQ KenSala
42
-------
Hazardous Waste
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Quality Assurance
To ensure that the data on which regulations and
enforcement are based are accurate, quality
control (QC) samples will be provided to EPA
contractor, state, and local laboratories conducting
RCRA monitoring. Calibration standards will also
be provided for Appendix IX compounds to EPA
contractor, state, and local laboratories. Natural
matrix, liquid and solid performance evaluation
samples will be developed and distributed to
RCRA contractors, EPA, and state laboratories
conducting RCRA hazardous waste analyses.
Performance evaluation (PE) materials that
contain the pollutants of interest at the levels
encountered in the environment will be developed.
Statistical data on the laboratory evaluations will
be reported to the Office of Solid Waste. Referee
laboratory analyses on all RCRA samples will be
conducted. Traceability to National Institute for
Standards and Technology for Performance
Evaluation (PE), Quality Control (QC), and
method validation study samples prepared for
RCRA monitoring activities will be provided.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/CIN William Budde 451.0 16
EMSL/LV Eugene Meier 476.3 36
AREAL/RTP William Mitchell 148.8 49
OMMSQA/HQ KenSala
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Releases
In order to determine whether underground
storage tanks (UST) containing hazardous wastes
are leaking, evaluation of basic leak detection
monitoring methods for outside an UST will be
conducted. This will include: the establishment of
candidate performance criteria for several classes
of monitoring techniques; the development of test
protocols for determination of the performance
criteria; and testing of the "most promising" leak
detection methods to validate the test procedure
and to establish that instrumentation presently
43
-------
Hazardous Waste
exists which can meet the candidate performance
criteria.
Network design for the placement of leak
detection devices will focus on the excavation zone
around tanks with emphasis on vapor monitoring.
However, monitoring in the saturated zone and in
native soils will also be considered.
New technologies for leak detection
monitoring, such as fiber optics and geochemical
sensors, will be evaluated. Methods for monitoring
underground storage tanks will be developed and
validated, with emphasis on monitoring during
bioremediation, soil venting and passive
remediation.
The Clean Water Act (Section 311) mandates
that Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasure plans be prepared for all
facilities engaged in the production, storage,
processing, and distribution of hazardous
materials. The OMMSQA provides remote sensing
support to EPA regional offices for SPCC surveys,
planning and emergency response activities.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
EMSL/LV Eugene Meier
OMMSQA/HQ KenSala
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
1,444.6
26
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Releases
Underground storage tank (UST) research is
evaluating prevention, detection, and corrective
action technologies to identify cost-effective,
reliable techniques and equipment for USTs.
Early work is producing state-of-the-art
documents for each type of technology. The
primary focus of ongoing work is the evaluation of
leak detection technologies at a test apparatus in
Edison, NJ, and the targeting of high potential
technologies for improved performance. Best
engineering practices for leak prevention, the
detection of leaks, and site cleanup will be
documented.
44
-------
Hazardous Waste
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
Contact
J. Farlow
R. Nalesnik
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
1,787.9 20
200.0 50
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Releases
Within this activity, research is conducted to
address evaluation of cleanup techniques for
unplanned releases of hazardous wastes, i.e., the
determination of the applicability and cost-
effectiveness of in-situ reclamation techniques for
unsaturated-zone and ground-water
contamination resulting from leaking
underground storage tanks and other hazardous
waste sources.
At RSKERL/Ada, coordinated laboratory and
field tests of biological, physical, and chemical
methods, previously tried at hazardous waste
sites, are being conducted to determine their cost
and applicability to cleanup of pollutants from
leaking underground storage tanks.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
RSKERL/ADA James F. McNabb
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
93.7
100
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Waste Characterization
Regulation of hazardous wastes in the most cost-
effective manner requires methods and data for
predicting toxicity of waste materials and
evaluating the concentrations of these materials
at some point of exposure, and then integrating
these methods for different media into single
evaluation techniques which incorporate
uncertainty into the predictions.
ERL/Duluth is developing procedures and data
to evaluate waste characteristics and closure
criteria for impacts on aquatic habitats and life
forms. Methods are being developed for assessing
effects of waste mixtures and constituents on
aquatic organisms and on habitats. Protocols for
applying these approaches to field sites are being
generated.
45
-------
Hazardous Waste
Providing field-evaluated methods and data to
predict and remediate the concentrations of
hazardous chemicals in the subsurface
environment from the treatment, storage, or
disposal of wastes is the thrust of the program at
RSKERL/Ada. Physical, chemical, and biological
processes that govern the transport rate,
transformation, and fate of wastes are evaluated
and their mechanisms are described in
mathematical models. These, in turn, are
evaluated through field experiments and their
applicability is demonstrated in closure and/or
corrective actions at hazardous waste sites.
Integrated, multimedia methods and data are
being developed by ERL/Athens for implementing
waste management decisions and evaluating
waste management, treatment, and disposal
systems based on potential human health and
environmental impacts. Probabilistic techniques
are developed and used to address uncertainty.
The various media models are coupled to produce
both screening-level and more site-specific
multimedia exposure assessment packages.
ERL/Corvallis is evaluating the biological
hazard associated with contaminated soils, water,
and sediments and is determining the
bioavailability (including uptake, translocation,
and metabolism) of hazardous chemicals by plants
and animals. Multimedia protocols are being
tested and field validated in various environ-
mental settings at waste and spill sites.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
ERL/DUL Philip M. Cook 691.4 100
RSKERL/ADA James F. McNabb 2,4050 58.4
ERL/ATH Rosemarie C. Russo 2,504.2 27.0
ERL/COR Bill A. Williams 254.4 58.7
OEPER/HQ WillC.LaVeille 1,223.8 42.4
Waste Characterization
Scientific This program provides chemical-specific health
Assessment an^ environmental effects documents to support
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
3001 listing decisions. Support is also provided to
46
-------
Hazardous Waste
the land disposal restruction program in the form
of reference dose documentation. The permitting
effort for Treatment, Storage, and Disposal
Facilities (TSDF), Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response (OSWER), is supported by
providing technical evaluations and assessments
of specific issues that arise in that process. Efforts
to refine risk assessment methods and provide risk
assessment tools related to hazardous waste are
also conducted in this program.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
ECAO/CIN
Bruce Peirano
2,266
47.0
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Waste Identification
To improve procedures to characterize wastes for
listing under RCRA, research will be conducted to
develop methods for characterizing and detecting
particular wastes and providing criteria for
determining if those wastes constitute a potential
hazard. The lack of standardized methods
emphasizes the immediate need for a
comprehensive program to assure that data of
known quality are being collected. Methods will be
tested for application to highly toxic wastes in soil
and sediments, for detection of organics in the
ambient air of waste disposal facilities, and for
determining the reactions of wastes in all media.
Evaluation and revisions of the analytical
methods contained in the SW-846 document are
being conducted.
Techniques for field monitoring of waste sites
will be improved, including statistics for sampling
design and for sample handling RCRA land
disposal regulations require the establishment of a
groundwater monitoring program at most
facilities, including detection and compliance of
saturated and vadose zone monitoring. Of
particular importance is subsurface monitoring of
sites and investigation of new techniques for
monitoring soils, and biota, ambient air, and
waste incineration emissions. Methods will be
47
-------
Hazardous Waste
developed to detect trace metals in groundwater,
ambient water, and sludges.
Efforts will be directed toward validating waste
incinerator test methods for principle organic
hazardous constituents from waste incinerator
stacks. Validated methods for continuous
monitoring of carbon monoxide and hydrochloric
acid emissions from incinerators will be developed.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/CIN William Budde 629.5 57
EMSL/LV Eugene Meier 4,418.6 34
AREAL/RTP William Mitchell 513.6 31
OMMSQA/HQ KenSala
48
-------
Toxic Substances
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Biotechnology
The biotechnology research effort is concerned
with interactions between microorganisms and
ecological processes in an attempt to develop
comprehensive knowledge of the biochemical,
physiological, and genetic mechanisms involved.
The program will examine the potential
environmental risk associated with the
application of genetically engineered
microorganisms (OEMs).
Assessment of environmental impacts of GEMs
requires reliable methodologies for their
identification and enumeration in environmental
samples. The methods must address the analytical
and operative criteria required for any monitoring
program. They must be sensitive and specific to
differentiate GEMs from the background of
indigenous organisms. They have to be feasible,
accurate, reproducible, and widely applicable
since samples will differ greatly from one another,
such as leaf surfaces and freshwater reservoirs.
Contained aquatic and terrestrial laboratory
systems (microcosms) are used to assess the fate of
GEMs in various ecosystems. The fate of microbes
in microcosms is compared with fate in natural
systems to assess the validity of laboratory data.
Research in this area applies techniques of
molecular and classical genetics to ecological
studies to assess survival and growth of novel
microorganisms. Questions of specific niche
requirements, selective advantages of new
genotypes, and potential for causing harmful
effects to populations, ecosystems, or processes
will be examined. The research also addresses
genetic stability of altered microorganisms,
including transmissibility of plasmids and other
genetic information in situ. All extramural monies
will be expended by the laboratories subsequent to
final planning actions.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
ERL/GB Robert Menzer
ERL/COR Thomas Murphy
OEPER/HQ Sam Williams
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
224.4
260.0
2,977.1
100
100
0
49
-------
Toxic Substances
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents
This research program plan addresses the three
primary engineering-oriented research concerns
posed by the Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) in
its implementation of the Premanufacturing
Notice (PMN) process of the Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA):
• mechanisms of accidental or deliberate release
of the modified genome or organism from the
site of production (e.g., in effluents);
• availability and effectiveness of containment
controls or destruction techniques; and
• worker exposure, particularly due to aerosols.
In order to satisfy these concerns, the program
is divided into two sub-programs. The first
addresses biologically-based manufacturing
processes; the second addresses deliberate
application to a specific environmental area.
Data bases are being developed for assisting
with the PMN review under the first sub-program.
These will permit assessment of the occurrence,
magnitude, and degree of risk management
applicable to deliberate and accidental releases
from biologically based manufacturing processes.
Models are being developed along with an
information base which OTS will use as a guide for
identification of potential hazards and
implementation of safeguards for reduction of risk
to acceptable levels.
Because genetically engineered
microorganisms (GEMs) have already been
developed for applications requiring deliberate
release into the environment, the second sub-
program addresses the development of procedures
for assessing the safety aspects of the engineering
techniques for introducing these microorganisms
into the environment. Information to be developed
will allow an assessment of the risk of migration
from the site and of the management techniques to
prevent or minimize this migration.
50
-------
Toxic Substances
A number of application techniques will be
addressed using scenarios appropriate to the
environment likely to be encountered.
Applications considered for evaluation include:
agricultural formulations; pollutant clean-up and
control (spills, landfills, contaminated sediments,
oil spills); tertiary oil recovery; in-situ mineral
recovery (metals leaching, oil shale).
The engineering assessment protocols for
release and exposure will be structured to account
for several sets or combinations of various
biological properties, or subsets, and appropriate
applications involving deliberate environmental
release. Further effort will be devoted to
identifying specific data (chemical, physical, and
biological) that will be required as inputs to the
engineering risk-assessment protocol so that data
can specifically be developed and submitted as
part of the PMN review procedures.
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/Cin
OEETD/HQ
Contact
John Burckle
Bill McCarthy
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
520
15
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents
This research evaluates and standardizes
sampling methodology to identify and quantify
release of microorganisms or biotechnology
products into the environment. Standardized
procedures are developed and used to produce
guidelines to assess human exposure and
environmental impact of Genetically Engineered
Microorganisms (GEMS) release.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
EMSL/LV Stephen Hern
OMMSQATHQ Laurie Schuda
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
238.2
25
51
-------
Toxic Substances
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Ecology: Ecotoxicity and Risk Assessment
Environmental risk assessment studies on the
linkage of environmental exposure and
ecotoxicology hazard assessment techniques, and
development of methods to evaluate risks
continues. The goal is to be able to predict toxic
risk to varied ecosystems and components within
acceptable limits of uncertainty.
The ecotoxicology studies include the
movement, transformation and ultimate
disposition of toxic substances in all
environmental media as a critical component of
risk assessment. How plants and animals or
ecosystems and biological interactions are affected
by toxic substances are also the subjects of this
research effort. Research goals include the
identification of important endpoints and
development of mathematical modeling
techniques (population; transport) to integrate
data and depict risk. Input data will include such
results as lab to field comparative responses,
measurements of ecosystem resistance and
resilience, recovery, population changes
(mortality; feeding behavior), biota uptake and
susceptibility. Techniques such as quotient- based
approaches at various scales of system complexity
and causative factors affecting variations in
toxicity data (taxonomic considerations) and
modeling results will be studied. The validated
predictive tools and the results will be used in
regulatory decision-making and as a guide to
formulating regulatory criteria and standards. All
extramural monies will be expended by
participating laboratories subsequent to final
planning actions.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
ERL/ATH
ERL/COR
ERL/DUL
ERL/GB
OEPER/HQ
ERL/NARR
Rosemarie C. Russo
Thomas A. Murphy
Oilman Veith
Raymond G. Wilhour
Sam Williams
Norbert Jaworski
Total
Funds ($k)
411.7
84.5
167.5
0.0
1,880.2
112.7
Percent
In-House
100
100
100
0
35
100
52
-------
Toxic Substances
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Ecology: Transport/Fate/Field Validation
This research encompasses the determination of
the effects, movement, transformation, and
ultimate disposition of toxic substances and their
degradation products that inadvertently enter into
all environmental media. This program provides
information on how plants and animals and larger
ecosystems are affected by exposure to toxic
substances caused by accidents in commerce and
industry. Specific activities include developing
and validating techniques for assessing hazards,
exposure and estimation of the fate of existing
chemicals through lab, microcosm or field studies.
Information developed in the above studies
provides data necessary for hazard and exposure
assessments and for designing mathematical
models of chemical transport, transformation and
fate including biodegradation. Research addresses
such problem areas as: intermedia transfer,
characteristics of chemicals (e.g., chemical
kinetics/hydrolysis and microbial rate constants)
and the processes of the receiving environment;
comparative toxicological responses; system level
effects (e.g., community alterations); effects of
toxicants on animal and plant development and
applied chemical structure-activity techniques,
methods for measuring ecosystem recovery and
abiotic transformation. Research results help the
Agency to determine potential adverse impacts of
toxicants and to help formulate preventative or
remedial actions.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
ERL/ATH
ERL/GB
ERL/COR
Rosemarie A. Russo
Robert Menzer
Thomas A. Murphy
Total
Funds ($k)
903.8
733.0
826.0
Percent
In-House
100
100
100
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Exposure Monitoring
Research for exposure monitoring is dedicated to
development, testing, and standardizing
monitoring methods to estimate total human
exposure and population exposures. Human
53
-------
Toxic Substances
activity patterns are studied to improve estimates
of exposure. Human exposure data are used to
construct models to estimate an individual's
pollutant exposure in all media. Microenviron-
ment studies are conducted to fill data gaps.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
EMSL/LV Stephen Hern
AREAL/RTP Dale Pahl
OMMSQA/HQ Laurie Schuda
Total
Funds (Sk)
1.175.6
521.5
100.0
Percent
In-House
45
20
25
Health Effects
Health: Markers, Dosimetry, and
Extrapolation
This research is aimed at providing techniques to
reduce the uncertainties in risk assessments.
Techniques are needed to extrapolate between
adverse effects seen in animal species and human
health effects and between high doses used in
animal toxicity testing and low doses typical of
environmental exposure. Dosimetry models are
being developed for oral, dermal, and inhalation
routes of exposure. Biological markers research
focuses on the development of indicators of
biological dose and resulting effects for eventual
application to studies of human populations.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds (Sk) In-House
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Elaine Grose
Randall Bond
4.377.7
36.7
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Health: Markers, Dosimetry, and
Extrapolation
This research evaluates physiological,
biochemical, genetic and immunologic techniques
as indicators of human exposure to chemical
pollutants. Biomarkers are tested for sensitivity,
selectivity and reliability to indicate episodes of
pollutant exposure.
54
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Toxic Substances
Office or
Laboratory Contact
EMSL/LV Stephen Hern
OMMSQA/HQ Laurie Schuda
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
322.5
30
Health Effects
Special Human Data Needs
This research is designed to provide information to
assist in identifying and regulating existing
chemicals with potential human health risks.
Research focuses on developing epidemiological
and biostatistical methods. Efforts in biochemical
epidemiology are underway to identify and
evaluate biomonitoring and screening methods for
potential application to human environmental
epidemiology.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Elaine Grose
Randall Bond
1,541.9
26.5
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Structure Activity Relationships
This research is designed to determine the
disposition of new toxic chemicals in all
environmental media and to determine if selected
plants and animals might be affected. This
involves developing structure-activity
relationships (SAR) with methodologies based
upon molecular structure characteristics to
rapidly assess the environmental fate and toxicity
of new chemicals. Structure-activity develops
those data bases and mathematical models which
are used for predicting exposure, bioaccumulation,
toxicity, fate, and other parameters. Activities
include the development of data bases on plant
uptake, fate of organic chemicals, toxicity to fish
and reactivity of chemicals (e.g., photolytic,
electrophilic, nucleophilic). Integrated into this
research is data on transport and transformation
of both organic and inorganic substances in
freshwater and multimedia environments and
application of SAR to predict effects of new
55
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Toxic Substances
chemicals on biota. The latter includes
determination of and predictions on toxic
mechanisms and microbial transformation and
metabolism. Expert systems are being applied to
the SAR approach. Computer based predictive
programs are in use in regulatory evaluations.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
ERL/D6JL
Rosemarie C. Russo
Oilman Veith
Total
Funds ($k)
379.2
677.4
Percent
In-House
100
64
Health Effects
Structure Activity Relationships
Methods are being developed to use combinations
of descriptions based on molecular structure to
predict enzymatic, genetic, carcinogenic, and other
activities of new chemicals to support section 5 of
TSCA. Techniques include pattern recognition
and statistical and thermodynamic analyses. In
addition, chemical data bases are being
constructed for use in predicting toxicological
responses for new chemicals with similar
structures.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Elaine Grose
Randall Bond
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
1.031.1
49.5
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Support for Toxic Substances Control Act
(TSCA)
Quality assurance research is conducted to
support routine monitoring and assessment.
Studies are underway to evaluate exposure models
and the use of computer aided technology to
estimate exposure and risk. Reference chemicals
and analytical spectra for chemical compound
identification are produced to provide
56
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Toxic Substances
standardization procedures and guidelines for
program offices field studies.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
EMSL/CIN John Winter
EMSL/LV Stephen Hern
OMMSQA/HQ Laurie Schuda
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
346.6
365.1
20
35
Scientific
Assessment
Support for Toxic Substances Control Act
(TSCA)
The scientific assessment program provides
support to the Office of Toxic Substances in the
area of assessments of cancer, mutagenicity,
adverse reproductive/developmental effects, and
exposure. These activities support decision-
making under TSCA (i.e., existing chemicals,
Preliminary Manufacturing Notice (PMN) review,
and test guidelines and test rules development).
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
Contact
Hugh McKinnon
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
377.0
72.1
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Engineering
This program supports the Office of Toxic
Substances (OTS) in its implementation of the
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), Asbestos
Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA), and
Title III of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA). The program focuses
on the development of predictive capabilities to be
used in assessing release and exposure levels for
the review of Premanufacturing Notices (PMNs)
for new chemicals, and the techniques and controls
for ensuring "no risk" exposure to existing
chemicals.
The "new chemicals" sub-program is evaluating
the manufacturing and processing of these
chemicals from both the unit operations and "an
industrial-setting" perspective. Research in the
57
-------
Toxic Substances
operations area has focused on drying and
filtration equipment. Emphasis has been placed on
the frequency of exposure and the magnitude and
duration of inhalation and dermal exposure levels
in the work place. Additional emphasis has been
directed toward simulating the "real-world"
environment.
Research in the industrial-settings area has
been concentrated on those manufacturing
scenarios found in the polymer processing
industry. Emphasis has been directed toward
exposures associated with the off-gassing of
monomers, degradation products, and polymer
additives.
In the fate assessment subprogram, emphasis
has been placed on water soluble compounds
which ultimately are subjected to secondary
wastewater treatment, and in particular,
activated sludge treatment. Based on the high
numbers of azo-dye PMN submissions, these dyes
remain a priority for investigation.
In the past, agency guidance for asbestos in
buildings has been developed from the best-
engineering judgment concept. Research is
continuing to evaluate the effectiveness of current
guidance which includes removal, and in
situations where the asbestos-containing
materials is to be left in place, operations and
maintenance procedures.
To satisfy the needs of AHERA, efforts will be
expanded to evaluate transportation and disposal
options, in addition to attempting to indicate the
"least-burdensome" strategy when several "risk-
free" options are available. Over the next three
years, the program will shift toward developing
cost-effective removal/containment technologies
and addressing the broader area of controlling all
harmful respirable and durable fibers.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
RREL/Cin Roger Wilmoth 2,400 25
OEETD/HQ Bill McCarthy
58
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Toxic Substances
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Test Method Development
To assess environmental hazards, research focuses
on developing, improving and validating single
and multi-species toxicity tests for chronic and
acute toxicity in aquatic ecosystems. The
developed methods support development of testing
guidelines for TSCA and provide basic data for
determining exposure and appropriate endpoints
that can be related to real-world situations.
Test methods development for aquatic biota
provides new or modified bioassays which support
toxicological evaluations and toxicokinetic models
on such concerns as uptake from contaminated
sediments, extrapolations from species to species
and determining carcinogenic potentials of
chemicals.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
ERL/DUL
ERL/GB
Gilman Veith
Robert Menzer
Total
Funds ($k)
214.6
231.0
Percent
In-House
100
100
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Test Method Development
Test method development research is conducted to
improve procedures to identify and quantitate
chemical compounds of interest. Emphasis is
placed on development of biological and chemical
procedures to measure chemicals in different
media including biological monitoring and
immunochemical procedures. New statistical
techniques are developed for spectra analysis.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/LV Stephen Hern 607.2 45
AREAL/RTP Dale Pahl 200.4 25
OMMSQA/HQ Laurie Schuda
Health Effects
Test Method Development
Under the Toxic Substances Control Act, EPA
must provide industry with guidance to test
59
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Toxic Substances
chemicals for potential hazards to public health. In
order to base regulatory decisions on the best
possible data, reliable test methods must be
developed for incorporation into test guidelines.
The goal of this research is to develop short-term,
cost-effective, predictive methods for detecting the
toxic effects of chemicals. These test systems
include both in vitro and in vivo methods and
bioassays for predicting adverse health effects
such as alterations in reproductive and
developmental processes and immunotoxic and
neurotoxic effects.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Elaine Grose
Randall Bond
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
1,771.6
70
Scientific
Assessment
Emergency Planning and Community
Right to Know
In support of Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title III, Section 313,
the scientific assessment program prepares
profiles and incorporates them into the Integrated
Risk Information System (IRIS) to provide
information to various governmental agencies and
the public on the health effects of chemicals
released into the environment.
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
Contact
Hugh McKmnon
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
50.0 0
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Asbestos
Research is being conducted to develop and
standardize analytical methods for identification
of airborne asbestos fibers in indoor micro-
environments and for sampling and analysis of
floor tiles which may contain asbestos.
60
-------
Toxic Substances
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AREAL/RTP Dale Pahl 480.6 10
OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco
SARA Title III
Modeling, Research is conducted to identify methods to
Monitoring detect release of chemicals on the SARA Title III
Sv«itpm s ^s^ *n^° ^ne environment and to develop human
A r\ r+ exposure monitoring procedures to assess human
and Duality exposure to chemicals released from these
Assurance installations.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-Mouse
EMSL/CIN John Winter 343.4 20
OMMSQA/HQ Laurie Schuda
61
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Pesticides
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents
This portion of the research program is planned to
develop or improve bioassay methodologies for
determining the effects of biological control agents
or biochemical agents (e.g., hormones,
pheromones) on non-target biotic receptors. The
application of the methods assists in establishing
testing guidelines and in registering and
controlling the use of these control agents. Agents
of interest include both genetically altered and
unaltered bacteria, viruses and fungi. Parameters
to be studied include routes of exposure, methods
to recover or identify the agents and to estimate
virulence, toxicity and infectivity. Survival,
growth, persistence and effects plus controlling
abiotic factors are of concern. Generic transfer and
stability associated with genetically engineered
microorganisms (GEMs) will be investigated.
Special handling and monitoring methods and
systems will be studied. Novel control procedures
for pesticide applications using microbial
regulation are being studied. All extramural
monies will be expended by the laboratories
subsequent to final planning actions.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
ERL/COR
ERL/DUL
ERL/GB
OEPER/HQ
Thomas A. Murphy
Oilman Veith
Robert Menzer
Sam Williams
Total
Funds ($k)
189.1
119.3
569.9
1,450.0
Percent
In-House
100
100
60
0
Health Effects
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents
Models will continue to be developed on potential
interaction of microbial agents and the
mammalian cell. Goals are (1) the determination
of the ability of microbial agents to replicate in
mammalian cells, and (2) to provoke immune
responses in non-target (mammalian) hosts.
Methods will also be developed to identify genetic
material from microbial pesticides in non-target
sites such as mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo.
62
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Pesticides
Research in this area is also aimed at the
development of methods to evaluate the potential
health hazards of genetically engineered
organisms and the products of these
microorganisms. Potential mechanisms of action
and screening methods for adverse mechanisms
are being investigated. Models are being
developed to assess the potential dispersal
capability of genetically engineered genes.
developed to assess the potential dispersal
capability of genetically engineered genes.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Elaine Grose
Randall Bond
1,976.3
28
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Ecology: Ecotoxicity and Risk Assessment
To register or re-register pesticides it is necessary
to develop a focused risk assessment process for
integrating hazard and exposure assessments to
estimate the probability of risk to important non-
human populations. This facet of the research
program develops environmental risk assessment
methodology by combining impact data using
existing or new models to express risk as a
probability with estimates of the associated
uncertainty.
New endpoint responses will be studied
encompassing ecosystem structures and function.
Selected wildlife and microbial populations will be
used to reflect population changes and other
changes that influence risk evaluations. Other
parameters that affect model integrity will be
studied (e.g., species susceptibility; chemical
routes of exposure arid uptake and residues).
Modeling will be supported through data
integration and model calibration and validation
will be supported through field studies that
include all media. A pesticide ranking index and
registry system is being developed as a tool for
assessing selected aquatic systems. All
extramural monies will be expended by the
63
-------
Pesticides
participating laboratories subsequent to final
planning actions.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
ERL/ATH
ERL/COR
ERL/DUL
ERL/GB
OEPER/HQ
Rosemarie C. Russo
Thomas A. Murphy
Oilman Veith
Raymond G. Wilhour
Sam Williams
Total
Funds ($k)
0.0
50.3
129.5
0.0
780.0
Percent
In-House
0
100
100
0
0
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Ecology: Transport/FatelField Validation
Research will concentrate on the development,
refinement and validation of techniques and
models to measure and predict pesticide transport,
degradation, exposure, effects and fate in the
environment. Laboratory and field studies will be
conducted to substantiate the applicability of
methods and mathematical models and to
determine if results are valid and reflect
environmental responses under natural
conditions. Data from these studies will be used to
assess pesticide hazards to surrogate species,
populations and communities representative of
aquatic (i.e., estuarine) and terrestrial habitats.
These investigations will include analysis of
abiotic influences on study results and on various
chemical and physical factors and processes.
Sorption, leaching and bioaccumulation will be
evaluated. Ground water contamination and
associated processes will be explored and remedial
actions sought. Information systems will be
developed and used to help implement
management strategies to prevent pesticide
contamination of ground water. Predictive
techniques for exposure assessment technology
will be improved with studies on pesticide sorption
kinetics, transformations, structure reactivity
correlations and mechanisms of degradation.
Terrestrial ecotoxicology studies will include
development of data and methods to assess and
predict stress impacts on wildlife (e.g., bird)
populations including comparability between lab
and field tests.
Information and data including assessments
and predictive tools, evaluations of assessment
64
-------
Pesticides
criteria, models and user manuals, workshops and
reviews are applied to support the Agency's
regulatory actions.
All extramural monies will be expended by the
laboratories subsequent to final planning actions.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
ERL/ATH
ERL/COR
ERL/DUL
ERL/GB
OEPER/HQ
Rosemarie C. Russo
Thomas A. Murphy
Oilman Veith
Raymond G. Wilhour
Sam Williams
Total
Funds ($k)
539.1
543.3
589.5
986.5
1,398.8
Percent
In-House
63
26
63
76
41
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Engineering
This program, which supports the Office of
Pesticide Programs (OPP), consists of two major
areas: protective clothing and disposal technology.
Several areas of protective clothing research are
concluding which will provide a "Guidance
Manual for Selecting Protective Clothing for
Agricultural Pesticide Operations." This manual
will serve as a reference document for OPP to use
in protective-clothing issues related to OPP's
regulatory and training activities. This manual
will include standard test methods and
performance data from both laboratory and field
tests. Work on protective clothing is being phased
out.
OEETD will continue to evaluate existing
disposal techniques and processes for destroying
specific pesticide classes, develop a treatability
database applicable to pesticides and their
disposal, and develop improved container reuse
technology including a test method to ensure
compliance with existing regulations. A major
effort in this area, in conjunction with OPTS, is
evaluation of the effect of "burning" pesticide
bags.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
RREL/Cin
OEETD/HQ
Glenn Shaul
Bill McCarthy
342.9
60
65
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Pesticides
Exposure
Research is being conducted to apply the Total
Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM)
approach for measurement of exposure to
pesticides residues in children for pesticides used
routinely by the general population. Exposure of
children to pesticides via personal air, food,
drinking water, and dermal exposure in urban
enviroments will be studied using TEAM methods.
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AREAL/RTP Dale Pahl 201.1 5
EMSL/LV Stephen Hern 158.7 15
OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco
Health Effects
Health: Markers, Dosimetry and
Extrapolation
This research focuses on developing animal
models to assess health risks and improve
methodology for extrapolating results of animal
toxicity studies into risk estimates for humans.
Studies include evaluation of interspecies
differences in the dermal absorption of pesticides,
examination of structure-activity relationships,
examination of metabolic differences between
species which may contribute to teratogenic
outcomes, and the investigation of potential
interactions between alterations in maternal
health status and susceptibility to pesticide
exposures.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Elaine Grose
Randall Bond
1,120.8
56.4
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Health: Markers, Dosimetry and
Extrapolation
Research is being conducted to relate external
dose to internal dose and to identify onset of
66
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Pesticides
disease states resulting from exposure to pesticide
residues. Research studies are being carried out to
define the relationship between biological
indicators of exposure and dose.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
EMSL/LV Stephen Hern
OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
521.4
45
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Support
The pesticides quality assurance program ensures
the accuracy of the data which is attained through
testing and analysis. The program conducts
quality assurance research and maintains a
Pesticide Repository of high purity chemicals.
Federal and State laboratories use these samples
as standard reference for internal quality control.
Research is conducted to develop procedures to
ensure control in environmental monitoring
studies and analysis of samples for pesticide
residues. Efforts will be initiated in FY90 to assess
the merits of privatizing the Pesticides Repository.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
EMSL/CIN John Winter
OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco
Total Percent
Funds (Sk) In-House
254.4 0
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Test Method Development
Laboratory studies will develop, improve and
validate bioassay methodologies to be used as
standardized pesticide testing protocols for aquatic
organisms. Various methods will be geared to
testing chosen life stages of endemic fishes and
crustaceans or surrogate test species for long-term
or short-term durations. These methods will help
assess both exposure and effects (e.g., metabolic,
mortality or teratogenic response) to pesticides
and pesticide ingredients under acute and chronic
conditions and some may be used for monitoring
particular pesticides or sensitive biota and for
67
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Pesticides
predicting response. Influencing environmental
factors which may modify testing results will be
studied to establish confidence limits for the
methods under given conditions. The methods will
contribute to establishment of early detection of
hazards and provide sensitive, rapid and
inexpensive evaluation techniques.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
ERL/GB
Robert Menzer
328.2
100
Health Effects
Test Method Development
This research involves developing and refining
bioassays for the detection of adverse alterations
in the development of reproductive processes in
animals which allow for more accurate
evaluations of reproductive development and
function. Techniques are also being developed,
validated, refined and implemented for
determining human genetic effects caused by
exposure to chemicals. Additionally, methods are
being developed to determine the neurotoxicity
and immunotoxicity of pesticides.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Elaine Grose
Randall Bond
2,063.9
73.7
Scientific
Assessment
Support for Federal Insecticide, Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Activities
The scientific assessment program provides
support to the Office of Pesticide Programs in the
area of assessments of cancer, mutagenicity,
adverse reproductive/ developmental effects, and
exposure. Support is also provided on a case-by-
case basis with laboratory data audits.
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
Contact
Hugh McKinnon
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
296.5
100
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National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES-HI)
Health Effects The third National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES-III) is one of a
series of surveys conducted by the National Center
for Health Statistics (NCHS) for the purpose of
producing vital and health statistics for the
United States. Six NHANES studies have been
completed since 1960. NHANES-III will be
conducted for six years, from 1988-1994. During
this time, approximately 40,000 Americans ages 2
months and over will be randomly selected from
households, interviewed and invited to participate
in medical examinations at mobile examination
centers. Approximately 30,000 individuals will
undergo the medical examination, which includes
a physical examination and diagnostic and
biochemical testing. The sample is a statistically
representative sample of Americans with
oversampling of the very young, the elderly,
Blacks and Hispanics.
Some of the topics to be studied in NHANES-III
are nutrition status monitoring, osteoporosis,
arthritis, respiratory and cardiovascular disease,
diabetes, gallstone disease, AIDS, kidney disease,
and growth and development of children.
Research and public health goals include the
following: (1) estimating the prevalence of disease
and risk factors; (2) estimating the incidence of
certain diseases; (3) estimating the prevalence of
functional impairment; (4) providing population
reference distributions of health characteristics
including growth and development; (5) monitoring
secular changes in diseases and risk factors; and
(6) identifying new risk factors for disease and
reasons for secular trends in health.
EPA and other Federal agencies have
collaborated with NCHS in previous NHANES
studies and in NHANES-III. EPA has participated
in the planning of NHANES-III and has funded
two specific research areas: neurotoxic disorders
and pulmonary function.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
OHR/HQ Susan Perlin 585.0 14.5
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Health Effects
Center for Environmental Epidemiology
Research
This program responds to a major
recommendation of the EPA Science Advisory
Board which indicated that the agency should
initiate a program of epidemiologic research. The
program is examining the current state of
environmental epidemiology in order to identify
critical areas of research. The initial program
focus is on epidemiologic strategies for the study of
airborne pollutants and their effects on the lung.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Rebecca Calderon
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
250.0
Exploratory
Research
Exploratory Research Grants
The Research Grants Program supports research
initiated by individual investigators in areas of
priority interest to the Agency. Research proposals
are solicited via two mechanisms: (1) the
"Solicitation for Research Proposals" which is
published each year and invites proposals in
broadly defined areas of environmental science
and engineering, and (2) the Request for
Applications (RFA) which is a more targeted
solicitation mechanism which requests proposals
in well-defined areas of particular interest to the
Agency. All proposals received in response to
either mechanism are subjected to a rigorous peer
panel review. In addition, those responding to the
general solicitation must undergo an Agency
relevance review. Areas in which research
proposals will be requested in FY 1991 under the
general solicitation include: environmental
biology, environmental health, environmental
engineering, environmental chemistry and
physics, and socioeconomics.
In an effort to provide more support to minority
institutions for the conduct of basic environmental
research, the Research Grants Program makes
available pre-application assistance for minority
faculty at Historically Black Colleges and
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Universities through its Minority Institutions
Assistance Program. Whether or not this
assistance is used, however, research proposals
received under this program are reviewed along
with proposals received under the general
solicitation and in accordance with the standards
applied thereunder.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
OER/HQ Roger Cortesi 28,200 0
Research to Improve Health Risk
Assessment (RIHRA) (Health)
Health Effects The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
relies on quantitative risk assessments of human
health effects to guide the regulatory decision-
making process in carrying out the mandates
given to EPA under existing environmental
legislation. The utility of the risk-based decision
making process is dependent upon the accuracy of
available effects data and on our ability to
extrapolate this information to man. In situations
where the scientific data are insufficient, the risk
manager is presented with a broad range of
possible risks upon which to base his decision. This
uncertainty has significant impacts and
ramifications for the regulatory process in terms of
balancing human health risks against other
societal needs.
The primary objective of the RIRHA program is
to develop a systematic and integrated research
program to improve the scientific basis supporting
health risk assessments. Emphasis is being placed
on identifying and addressing the significant
uncertainties inherent in the risk assessment
process. This program will provide critical
information on the relationship between exposure
(applied dose), dose to target tissue (delivered
dose), and associated health effects. Both
laboratory and field research will be conducted
that will improve our understanding of basic
biological mechanisms, especially as it relates
from one set of circumstances to another. Research
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will address four major areas: (1) Analysis of
Uncertainty in Risk Assessments, (2) Integrated
Exposure Assessment, (3) Physiologically Based
Pharmacokinetic Models, and (4) Biologically
Based Dose-Response Models.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP Larry Reiter 7,353.2 3.8
OHR/HQ Ken Sexton
Total Human Exposure
Health Effects At present, EPA lacks information on human
exposure to virtually all chemicals of critical
importance to public health. Knowing the number
of people exposed and their level of exposure is
essential for estimating risk. Without this
knowledge, it is currently impossible to make
adequate risk assessments, nor can we prioritize
the major sources and pathways of exposure. This
new long-term program is aimed at developing an
exposure data base to serve as a foundation for
exposure assessment, and, consequently, risk
management strategies.
The goal is to measure and predict human
exposures and assess trends in human exposure to
chemicals of importance to the Agency. Specific
objectives include: (1) developing methodologies
for exposure measurement and modeling; (2)
characterizing representative microenvironments
on a national scale; (3) defining regional and
nationwide activity patterns; (4) measuring
exposure and body burden directly in field studies;
(5) determining the major sources of exposure
including air, drinking water, and food—and their
contribution to risk; (6) developing and validating
exposure models and exposure-dose relationships;
(7) providing a comprehensive national data base
on exposure for use of the Agency and the
environmental community; (8) monitoring
nationwide trends and regional differences in
human exposure and activity patterns, and (9)
assessing the effectiveness of regulations by
observing these trends in total exposure.
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Initially, this program will stress five major
areas: (1) measurement methods development for
personal monitoring and microenvironmental
characterization; (2) chemical characterization of
representative microenvironments (air, food, soil,
water); (3) documentation of human activity
patterns; (4) development and validation of
predictive exposure models; and (5) direct
measurement of exposure to validate models.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AREAL/RTP Gerald Akland 2,400.0 30
EMSL/LV Gareth Pearson 1,000.0 12
EMSL/CIN AlDufour 225.0 0
OMMSQA/HQ Chris Saint
OHR/Hq Thomas Miller
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Ecological Trends
This program will identify, collect, organize, and
analyze environmental monitoring data and
report periodically to the Administrator,
Congress, and the public on the current status and
trends in indicators of the condition of the nation's
ecological resources. This will allow EPA to better
assess the status and extent of current
environmental problems, by providing diagnostic
clues as to the cause of these problems, by
establishing baseline conditions against which
future change can be measured, and by assessing
the degree to which regulatory programs, singly or
together, protect the nation's ecological resources.
The Environmental Monitoring Assessment
Program (EMAP) will focus on regional- and
national-scale problems and will target program
outputs at EPA officials who must respond to
Congress and the public and senior managers who
must direct EPA's finite resources where they will
be most beneficial.
Scientifically, EMAP will: (1) identify,
characterize, classify, and quantify the ecological
resources at risk; (2) design statistical sampling
frames that provide unbiased estimates of
environmental conditions on a regional basis; (3)
identify, evaluate, and develop indicators of
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ecological condition; (4) develop operational
monitoring programs at a national level for
resources of greatest concern; and (5) develop data
management and quality assurance systems that
allow timely analysis and periodic reporting of
program results.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total
Funds ($k)
EMSIVCIN
ERL/COR
ERL/DUL
ERL/GB
EMS1VLV
ERIVNARR
OEPER/HQ
OMMSQA/HQ
AREAIVRTP
Bob Graves
DanMcKenzie
Steve Hedtke
Kevin Sommers
Bruce Jones
John Paul
Courtney Riordan
Rick Linthurst
Jay Messer
364.1
6,795.7
364.1
3,724.1
5,833.5
3,874.9
500.0
4,725.2
1,354.5
Percent
In-House
27.9
6.0
27.9
2.7
10.5
7,9
0.0
10.4
22.5
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Reducing Uncertainty in Ecological Risk
Assessment
The goal of the program is to model the expected
response of representative estuaries in the region
in response to alternative risk management
options as an example of a systems level approach
to ecological risk assessment,
In order to evaluate the uncertainty associated
with the temporal variability in indicators of
ecosystems condition, a field study is being
undertaken in the estuarine resources of a mid-
Atlantic prototype region. This activity will be
conducted in cooperation with the ecological status
and trends program (EMAP) and NOAA, and will
target exposure and condition indicators and their
response to changing pollutant levels. Ancillary
data needed to run and evaluate the transport and
effects models that will be applied to status and
trends data is also being collected as part of this
effort. Analyses of the data from the first year of
field data from the prototype region will seek
correlations among indicators that could identify
possible causes of poor condition and will report
the condition of estuaries in the prototype region.
An effort to develop a risk characterization
framework for assessing exposure and effects is
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currently underway. Sensitivity analyses are
being performed and new multi-variate
techniques are being developed that will reduce
uncertainty in detecting regional changes and
better evaluate effects models that can be used in
ecological risk assessment.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
ERL/NARR John Paul 3,000 0
OMMSQA/HQ Chris Saint
Exploratory Research Centers
Exploratory The purpose of the Exploratory Research Centers
Research Program is to provide dedicated support over
several years to fundamental, multidisciplinary
research in topics of interest to the environmental
community. The first solicitation in 1980 resulted
in eight such research centers. These centers were
established between 1980 and 1981 and have
operated continuously since then. The eight
original centers are currently being phased out. A
solicitation to establish four new centers funded at
$1.0 million per year, was published in the spring
of 1990. The new centers should be in place by
June 1991. Scheduled funding of the centers
terminates in 1991 and 1992.
The centers which are currently operating are
listed below:
Industrial Waste Elimination Center (Illinois
Institute of Technology)—studies innovative
technology and process modification to reduce
industrial pollutants
Intermedia Transport Research Center
(University of California at Los Angeles)—defines
chemical and physical processes governing
pollutant exchange at air-land and air-water
boundaries
Ecosystems Research Center (Cornell
University)—identifies and applies ecosystem
principles to environmental management
problems
Marine Sciences Research Center (University of
Rhode Island)—assesses marine ecosystems
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health, emphasizing exposure of marine
organisms to toxics
Advanced Control Technology Research Center
(University of Illinois)—studies separation
technology, thermal destruction, biological
separation, and chemical detoxification
Ground Water Research Center (Rice
University, Oklahoma State University, and the
University of Oklahoma)—studies subsurface
characterization, transport and fate, and ground
water horizon modeling
Environmental Epidemiology Research Center
(University of Pittsburgh)—studies basic
epidemiology methods and airborne particulate
health effects studies
Hazardous Waste Research Center (Louisiana
State University)—conducts research to develop
advanced technologies for the destruction,
detoxification, recovery, or containment of
hazardous wastes
Office or
Laboratory
OER/HQ
Contact
Roger Cortesi
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
4,600 0
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
National Institute of Ecological Research
As part of its report titled "Future Risk: Research
Strategies for the 1990's", the EPA's Science
Advisory Board (SAB) recommended that:
"EPA should provide Federal leadership for a
national program of ecological research by
establishing and funding an Environmental
Research Institute."
EPA has responded to this recommendation by
initiating planning for a National Institute of
Ecological Research. The goals of the Institute are
to monitor, understand, and predict ecosystem
response to anthropogenically induced stress. The
level of effort needed to reach these goals will
require more funds than EPA alone is likely to be
able to provide. The structure of the Institute
provides a mechanism for leveraging and/or
acquiring support from both the private sector and
other Federal agencies.
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The planning for a national institute of
ecological sciences will assess appropriate
mechanisms for implementing and operating an
institute. A number of implementation options
will be developed based on the outcome of a series
of public meetings and hearings and input from
several prominent universities. A group of leading
scientists will be selected to evaluate these options
in terms of their feasibility, chance of success, and
their potential to improve the state of science.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
OMMSQA/HQ Rick Lmthurst 600.0 0
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Environmental
Processes and
Effects
China Program
This research program, which is conducted under
the 1980 US-PRC Environmental Protection
Protocol, studies the relationship of lung cancer
and indoor coal smoke pollution in a rural setting.
The program will begin to shift its focus to a study
of children's respiratory health across a wide
gradient of particulate, acid, and sulfur oxide
exposures in several Chinese cities. The focus in
1991 is on performing a full-scale study in Xuan-
Wei to determine levels of indoor pollution
exposure to compare to the broadly varying
observed lung cancer rates there. In addition, a
pilot study is beginning as part of a five-year
multi-city study of lung function and respiratory
health in children. The full scale study will likely
begin in 1991 as well. In addition, there is
research underway on environmental processes
and effects of pollution on aquatic organisms,
ground water and water pollution fate and
transport models.
Office or
Laboratory
AREAL/RTP
ERL/ADA
ERL/ATH
ERL/DUL
HERL/RTP
OEPER/HQS
Contact
William Wilson
Lowell Leach
Rosemarie Russo
Nelson Thomas
Robert Chapman
Chieh Wu
Total
Funds ($k)
208.4
124.0
247.0
154.0
305.1
Percent
In-House
0
83
56
56
44
Health Effects
Task Force on Environmental Cancer and
Heart and Lung Disease
The Task Force is evaluating the link between
environmental factors and human diseases.
Research recommendations are being provided by
the Task Force to involved agencies based upon
research needs identified by scientists who
participate in workshops on topics that are
selected by the Task Force. A report is being
prepared on Environmental Health Risk
Education and a workshop is being held on
environmental exposure data bases.
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Office or
Laboratory Contact
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Tom Miller
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
300.0
Health Effects
Harvard Study
This research program identifies and selects post-
doctoral research fellows and visiting scientists to
work with Harvard faculty members on research
projects that address critical environmental
problems that face society.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
Randy Bond
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
250.0
Scientific
Assessment
Consistent Risk Assessment
The scientific assessment program provides
uniform Agency-wide guidance on, and assures
the consistency of, exposure and risk assessments
that support regulatory decision making by EPA.
The program consists of three major
components—Risk Assessment Guidelines, the
Risk Assessment Forum, and the Integrated Risk
Information System.
Risk Assessment Guidelines—Work will
continue on the development of Agency-wide
assessment guidelines. Proposed guidelines on
exposure and health effects will be issued as final
guidance. Efforts are also being devoted to
development of new guidance related to
pharmacokinetics and ecotoxicity.
Risk Assessment Forum—The Risk Assessment
Forum, a group of senior scientists, meets
regularly to promote consensus on risk assessment
issues and to ensure that this consensus is
incorporated into appropriate risk assessment
guidance.
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)—
EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
is an electronic data base of summary health risk
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information and regulatory information on
chemical substances. Primarily intended to serve
as a guide for EPA staff when assessing the health
risk posed by a chemical, IRIS is available to EPA
contractors, state and international
environmental agencies, other federal agencies,
universities and other risk assessors. The risk
information on IRIS represents consensus Agency
position on the potential adverse human health
effects of the chemical on-line. Health information
on additional chemicals is constantly added to
IRIS as it is reviewed and agreed upon by EPA
review groups of expert scientists. Included in the
data base are some Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title III right-to-
know chemicals.
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
Contact
William Farland
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
4,557.6
59.6
Technology
Transfer,
Regulatory
Support and
Regional
Operations
Activities
Manage ORD's Technology Transfer,
Regulatory Support and Regional
Operations Activities
The Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory
Support (OTTRS) has three outreach activities:
ORD's participation in the Agency's regulatory
development process to ensure its scientific
defensibility; a comprehensive and systematic
ORD technology transfer effort with emphasis on
state and local governments and industry; and
more effective assistance by ORD to EPA Regional
Offices. The Director advises the Assistant
Administrator on the priority science-policy issues
and the regulatory support provided directly to
Program Offices by ORD scientists and engineers.
OTTRS also oversees the establishment and
improvement of ORD program effectiveness
through technology transfer and ORD-specific
implementation of the 1986 Federal Technology
Transfer Act. OTTRS promotes Regional Research
needs in the planning process.
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Office or
Laboratory Contact
OTTRS
Peter Preuss
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
12,014
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems and
Quality
Assurance
Manage the Mandatory Quality Assurance
Program
Each year, EPA devotes more than $500 million to
environmental data operations. Quality
Assurance (QA) activities play an integral role in
the planning and implementation of these
operations, and in the evaluation of the resulting
data. By means of their QA programs, EPA
organizations can enjoy substantial resource
savings, because they collect only those data that
are needed, and because they can be sure that the
data they collect are appropriate for their intended
use.
Quality assurance is the process of
management review and oversight at the
planning, implementation, and completion stages
of an environmental data collection activity to
assure that data provided by a line operation to
data users are of the quality needed and claimed.
Quality assurance should not be confused with
quality control (QC); QC includes those technical
activities required during data collection to
produce the desired data quality and to document
the quality of the resulting data (e.g., analysis of
sample spikes and blanks).
Quality assurance programs consist of specific
activities conducted before, during and after
environmental data collection. During the
planning of an environmental data collection
program, QA activities focus on assuring that the
quality of the data needed by data users has been
defined by the data user/decision maker,
communicated to the technical staff, and that a QC
system has been designed to result in the
production of the appropriate data quality, and to
facilitate its measurement and documentation.
During the implementation of a data collection
effort, QA activities ensure that the QC system is
operating as intended and that problems found by
QC are corrected. After environmental data are
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collected, QA activities focus on assessing the
quality of the resulting data. Here, one determines
whether the quality, quantity, and kind of data
obtained are adequate to support data-dependent
regulatory decisions or research hypotheses.
The Quality Assurance Management Staff
(QAMS) is charged with overseeing the quality
assurance activities of the Agency. QAMS came
into being in May 1979, when the Agency
recognized the need for formalizing an Agency-
wide quality assurance program for all
environmental data collection activities. More
recently, with the issuance EPA Order 5360.1 in
April 1984, the Agency's quality assurance
program has been significantly strengthened and
broadened. The Order mandates that QA be an
integral part of all environmental data collection
activities, from planning through implementation
and review.
The Order identifies the activities basic to the
implementation of a QA program. These include:
• requiring QA in all Agency-supported
environmental data collection activities,
• defining Data Quality Objectives,
• developing quality assurance program and
projects plans,
• conducting management and technical audits
and reviews,
• implementing corrective actions based on the
findings/recommendations of audits,
• establishing achievable data quality limits for
methods cited in EPA regulations,
• developing and adopting technical guidelines
for assessing data quality, and
• providing for QA training.
In recent years, the Agency's QA activities have
focused on identifying the basic elements that are
essential to effective quality assurance for
environmental data. QAMS has put considerable
emphasis on issuing guidance defining these key
elements and describing their importance in the
efficient and effective expenditure of resources
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assigned to environmental data collection. This
guidance development phase has now been
completed, and in FY 1991 QAMS will continue
with full-scale implementation support and
oversight.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
OMMSQA/HQ Nancy Wentworth
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
1,785.8
53
Exploratory
Research
Visiting Scientists Program
The Visiting Scientists Program has two
components: a competitive visiting scientists and
engineers program and a summer fellowship
program. The objective of the Visiting Scientists
and Engineers Program is to attract accomplished
visitors into the Agency for 1 to 3 years to assist in
strengthening the Agency's science policy and
research program. Candidates are sought through
annual advertisements in nationally known
scientific and engineering publications. They are
then subjected to a rigorous peer review from
which only the top candidates are recommended
for assignment to an EPA laboratory. In FY 1990
five candidates passed peer review.
The Summer Fellows Program is carried out in
cooperation with the American Association for the
Advancement of Science and sponsors the
assignment of post-doctoral and mid-career
environmental science and engineering fellows to
EPA facilities for the summer months to conduct
environmental research projects. In FY 1990, 10
highly qualified fellows were sponsored.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
OER/HQ
Roger Cortesi
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
195 0
Exploratory
Research
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) Program
Public Law 97-219 requires EPA to devote 1.25%
of its extramural research and development
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budget to Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR). The SBIR Program funds, via contracts,
small businesses with ideas relevant to EPA's
mission. The program focuses exclusively on
projects in control technology or process
instrumentation development. Proposals are
solicited in the fall of each year for Phase I
research. Phase I research consists of feasibility
studies which are supported at a level of up to
$50,000. Of these Phase I studies, the best are
selected for Phase II studies where actual product
development is started. Phase II studies are
supported up to a level of $150,000. To date, half of
the Phase I efforts have been supported in Phase
II. Results from the SBIR Program are expected to
lead to the commercial development of a product or
process used in pollution control.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
OER/HQ Donald Carey
Total
Funds ($k)
3,100
Percent
In-House
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Development, Validation and
Standardization of Analytical Methods in
Support of Regional Programs
This research is targeted at specific areas that
have been identified as regional analytical support
needs. The intention is to work closely with the
regions in order to set priorities within and among
these target areas. Based on our current
understanding of regional needs, a work plan will
be developed and research will be initiated in the
following high priority areas: 1) low level methods
and reference materials for nutrients, volatile and
semi-volatile organics, and metals in all media, 2)
digestion techniques for metals, 3) analysis of
transition metals in non-aqueous media, 4) solid
phase extraction sample preparation techniques
for extractable compounds, and 5) validated
methods for fish tissue and nutrients in marine
systems ecological trends.
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Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
OMMSQA/HQ Jack Puzak 975.0 0
OMMSQA/HQ Chris Saint
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Energy
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Develop and Evaluate LIMB Technology
This area is supporting the evaluation of
alternative acid rain control technologies:
specifically the development and
commercialization of an integrated NOX/SO2
control technology—The Limestone Injection
Multistage Burner (LIMB).
LIMB technology can substantially reduce both
NOX and SC>2 emissions while at the same time
reducing the costs for control. A systematic
development and demonstration program is
underway to bring LIMB technology to the point
where industry is able to commercialize it. The
program has completed a successful wall-fired
boiler demonstration at Ohio Edison's Edgewater
Station. SO2 emissions were reduced by 50-70%
dependent on operating mode and NOX was
reduced below 0.5 Ibs. NO2/million BTU. The FY
1991 program will include: research to further
optimize sorbent performance; analysis to identify
potential operability and reliability problems; and
construction and installation of LIMB equipment
for the EPA/industry cofunded 180 MWe
demonstration on a tangentially coal-fired utility
boiler.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
AEERL/RTP
OEETD/HQ
Mike Maxwell
Marshall Dick
Total
Funds ($k)
3,336.6
193.9
Percent
In-House
30
77
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems and
Quality
Assurance
Understanding Atmospheric Processes
Development will be continued on atmospheric
deposition models used for interpreting and
forecasting effects. In particular, the state-of-
science Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM)
will continue to be field evaluated and
documented, then applied to policy and program
design questions, monitoring network design and
trends analysis, and interprogram effects issues.
The RADM model will also be applied to U.S. -
Canadian transboundary flux issues, residual
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NAPAP assessment questions, and the Clean Air
Act implementation.
Office or
Laboratory
AREAL/RTP
Contact
Jim Vickery
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
3,515.9 5
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems and
Quality
Assurance
Establish Deposition Monitoring and
Trends
This research will focus on obtaining data and
analyzing trends for ion levels in wet and dry
deposition to form a composite of total deposition
on both a national and a sensitive regional scale.
Existing networks will be supported and
maintained (200 wet sites and 50 dry sites), with
siting criteria undergoing statistical development
to optimize and enhance both wet and dry research
networks. Instrumentation and methods
development, quality assurance, and a central
data repository - Acid Deposition System (ADS)
are integral parts of this program. The high
quality data provided will be used to plan and
judge the success of the U.S. and Canadian control
strategies.
Office or
Laboratory
AREAL/RTP
Contact
Jim Vickery
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
3,615.9 5
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Radiation
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Off-Site Monitoring Program
The overall goal of the research program is to
provide the scientifically credible data necessary
to assess public exposure to non-ionizing radiation
and to man-made radioactive materials and to
allow decisions to be made regarding control of
that exposure.
In addition, this program provides quality
assurance for the Agency's programs for
monitoring radiation in the environment. These
are supported by providing a common source of
radionuclide standards and reference materials,
and through laboratory intercomparison studies
conducted to assure data of known quality from
analyses of environmental samples such as milk,
water, air and food.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/LV
OMMSQA/HQ
Charles Costa
William Keith
289.4
100
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Scientific Support for Radon Program
This engineering program for Radon Mitigation
supports the Agency's Radon Action Program. It is
directed at developing and demonstrating cost-
effective methods for reducing radon to less than 1
pCi/L in houses, schools, and other structures. The
results of these tests, along with analysis of the
findings of others, are provided to the States,
private sector organizations (such as builders and
contractors), and to homeowners. The research
will continue to extend the capability of existing
radon mitigation to achieve near-ambient radon
levels. In addition, new innovative techniques will
be developed to cost-effectively reduce low-radon-
level houses (responsible for 85% of the risk) to
even lower levels. The research focuses on radon
mitigation techniques for existing houses,
prevention techniques for new construction, and
mitigation techniques applicable to school
buildings.
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Office or Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AEERL/RTP Michael Osborne 3,457.8 32
OEETD/HQ Marshall Dick 192.8 78
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Superfund
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Provide Techniques and Procedures for
Site and Situation Assessment
Analytical protocols, sampling techniques,
monitoring methods, and data interpretation
approaches useful for characterizing air, surface
and ground water, wastes, and soils at Superfund
sites will be developed, evaluated, and
demonstrated. These methods include air
monitoring techniques, sample collection
procedures, geophysical methods; x-ray
fluorescence measurements of metal
concentrations; remote sensing techniques and
geographic information systems for collection and
analysis of present and historical site data; soil
core preparation procedures; portable gas
chromatography for volatiles analysis; personal
computer-based geostatistics computer programs;
and hydraulic properties of soils.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds (Sk) In-House
EMSL/CIN William Budde 558.1 50
AREAL/RTP William Mitchell 375.3 25
EMSL/LV Michael Hiatt 2,018.7 40
OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco
Scientific
Assessment
Provide Techniques and Procedures for
Site and Situation Assessment
Site-, chemical- and situation-specific exposure
and risk assessments are being prepared to assist
the Program Office and Regions in evaluating the
alternative courses of action and regulatory
strategies that might be applied at uncontrolled
Superfund sites through development of health
and environmental effects assessments for the
chemicals most frequently found at candidate
sites. The office is also a major participant in the
lead demonstration project in several cities.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
ECAO/CIN
Bruce Peirano
548
5.0
90
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Superfund
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Clean-up of Uncontrolled Hazardous
Waste Sites Requires Technologies for
Response and Remedial Action, for
Protecting the Personnel Involved and for
Supporting Enforcement Actions
This research program develops and evaluates
clean-up technology, demonstrating proto-type
equipment such as mobile thermal treatment and
mobile soil washing systems. Remedial technology
will be assessed and technical reports provided
which will include design data and cost
information. Engineering expertise will be applied
to the assessment of uncontrolled hazardous waste
site situations to assist the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Regions and others in the
development of corrective measure options. In
order to provide more effective long-term technical
support to the Regional Offices making cleanup
decisions, the Superfund Technical Assistance
Response Team (START) program has been
established. In addition, short-term, quick turn-
around technical programs and consultation will
be provided to the regional programs and the
Office of Waste Programs Enforcement for
enforcement support.
The Superfund Innovative Technology
Evaluation (SITE) program has been established
to enhance the development and demonstration,
and thereby establish the commercial availability
of innovative technologies as alternatives to
containment systems. The primary goal of the
SITE program is to evaluate these technologies on
Superfund materials in order to develop reliable
cost and performance data.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
R. Olexsey
S.James
B. Blaney
R. Nalesnik
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
30,200 9
1,500.0
75
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Superfund
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Provide Quality Assurance—Superfund
Program Requirements
Effective remedial actions at Superfund sites
depend upon analytical data of appropriate
quality. This program provides support to the
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response's
Contract Laboratory Program (CLP), which is
responsible for most contract chemical analyses
under the Superfund program. Support is provided
to the CLP in numerous ways. Quality assurance
reference materials, such as calibration standards,
quality control samples, and performance
evaluation samples are prepared, and distributed
according to uniform and consistent protocols for
analysis by contract laboratories. The analytical
data generated by the laboratories are audited in
order to assess intra- and inter-laboratory
performance and method performance. These data
are maintained in the Quality Assurance/Quality
Control Data Base. On-site contract laboratory
inspections are performed to complement the
performance evaluations. Based on method
performance data, existing analytical protocols
are reviewed and improved. A quick response
referee laboratory service is provided for use of the
EPA Regions.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/CIN William Budde 1,261.6 15
EMSL/LV Michael Hiatt 2,428.5 25
OMMSQATHQ Michael Dellarco
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Provide Technical Support to
Enforcement, Program, and Regions
Site specific monitoring and characterization for
all media in support of Superfund investigations is
provided to the Agency as part of the Technical
Support Program. Monitoring and
characterization support activities are provided on
an as-requested basis. These include: remote
sensing for historical and current site assessment;
air, water, ground-water, and soils monitoring for
site characterization; and analytical chemistry
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support. Advice and technical assistance on
sampling methods, design of sampling plans, and
sample analysis is provided. The full range of
quality assurance/quality control assistance is
offered including design and review of quality
assurance plans, provision of quality control
materials, and data analysis and interpretation.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/CIN William Budde 308.0 30
AREAL/RTP William Mitchell 309.0 25
EMSL/LV Michael Hiatt 974.1 25
OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Provide Technical Support to
Enforcement, Program and Regions
This function provides rapid technical expertise
and services to the Office of Waste Programs
Enforcement, the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Regional Offices, the
Environmental Response Team, Department of
Justice, and state governments.
Laboratory personnel and facilities are
available on a "when and where requested" basis
to provide site- and case-specific technical support.
Assistance includes training or advice on use of
sampling and analytical techniques and on use of
appropriate assessment models, including those
for ecological risk estimation. In addition,
Technical Support Centers for information on
remedial action technologies, methods, case
histories, etc., will be continued. Bioassessment
assistance will focus on evaluation and application
of protocols to leachate and contaminated soil
samples and performing environmental assays.
Technical support will also be provided on
contaminated marine coastal areas and on
polluted sediment remediation. A multimedia,
human exposure/risk assessment methodology for
prioritizing candidate remedial action sites in
terms of their threats to human health will be
developed and applied.
93
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Superfund
Office or
Laboratory Contact
RSKERL/ADA M. Richard Scalf
ERL/ATH
ERL/COR
ERL/NARR
ERL/DUL
ERL/GB
Rosemarie C. Russo
Bill A. Williams
Norbert A. Jaworski
Douglas W. Kuehl
Raymond Wilhour
Total
Funds ($k)
1,500.4
877.2
549.1
348.1
104.6
105.6
Percent
In-House
37.7
36.6
13.1
30.7
0.0
65.2
Scientific
Assessment
Provide Technical Support to
Enforcement, Program and Regional
Offices
Site- and chemical-specific health assessments are
being provided to support the needs of the
Program Office, Enforcement Office and Regions
for remedial planning and cost recovery efforts.
Assessments provided range from brief hazard
summaries to detailed and peer-reviewed
documents used in negotiations and litigation.
Risk assessments developed by Regional Offices
are reviewed for consistency, technical quality,
and adherence to Agency risk assessment
guidelines. Technical support is provided to the
States and Regions through a Technical Support
Center for Health and Risk Assessment, for rapid
turnaround of risk assessment information and
other activities.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
OHEA/HQ
ECAO/CIN
Kevin Garrahan
Pei-Feng Hurst
10,226
61.0
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Hazardous Substance Health, Risk and
Detection
Section 311c of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act authorizes EPA to conduct
research "with respect to.. . detection of hazardous
substances in the environment." The purpose of
this program is to develop and evaluate
monitoring techniques and systems which are
rapid and inexpensive, fill technical voids,
94
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Superfund
integrate monitoring systems into multimedia site
assessments, and are as specific, selective and
sensitive as possible. Innovative approaches which
offer potentially significant cost and time savings
to Superfund site investigations are studied. These
include: development of improved statistical
sampling designs, development of improved
techniques for managing and interpreting field
data, and development of screening techniques
such as immunoassay and chemical sensors.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/LV
OMMSQA/HQ
Michael Hiatt
Michael Dellarco
1,853.3
15
Scientific
Assessment
Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk
Assessment and Detection Research
This program fulfills, in part, the Agency's
responsibilities under the new Section 311(c) to
establish a research program to assess, detect, and
evaluate effects on, and risk to, human health
from hazardous substances. It enhances the
Agency's internal research capabilities relative to
Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)
assessment activities. The scientific assessment
research program, specifically, is integrated with
the health effects program, and is developing data
and procedures to fill information and assessment
gaps that exist in the various phases of the
Superfund public health evaluation process, e.g.,
toxicity assessment, risk characterization, and
exposure assessment. Test methods are being
developed to allow evaluation of the hazard
potential of waste mixtures and to assess complex
exposure. Screening techniques for early detection
of adverse health effects are being developed as
are improved measurement techniques for non-
cancer health endpoints such as reproductive
effects. Extensive programs in pharmacokinetic
modeling and exposure assessment methodology
development are also underway.
95
-------
Superfund
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
Contact
Michael Callahan
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
2,169
8.0
Health Effects
Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk
Assessment and Detection Research
Research develops data and methods to improve
the Superfund human health evaluation process,
evaluate the health effects associated with
cleanup options, and develops biomonitoring
methods. The Superfund risk assessment process
involves assessment of toxicity, exposure, and dose
in support of the characterization of risk. The
research provides improved health evaluation
measures to detect, assess, and evaluate the risks
to human health from hazardous substances as
needed for Superfund removal and remedial
cleanup decisions.
Research will be implemented to evaluate the
additivity assumption now being used in the
assessment of waste mixtures. Test methods will
develop screening techniques for early detection of
adverse health effects, and improved
measurement of health endpoints particularly
non-cancer endpoints such as reproductive effects
and neurotoxicity. Predictive techniques that can
reduce the uncertainties in risk assessment caused
by data limitations will be developed and site-
specific data will be generated in response to
requests from the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, the Office of Waste Programs
Enforcement and EPA Regional Offices.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Robert Dyer
Thomas Miller
3,779.2
3,804.5
9.9
Scientific
Assessment
Superfund Reportable Quantity
Regulatory Efforts
Chemical-specific data are being provided on
carcinogenicity and chronic effects to support
96
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Superfund
Program Office activities necessary to adjust, by
regulation, the Reportable Quantities (RQ) for
hazardous substances. These include listings in
association with Section 3001 of Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA),
consideration of Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know Act Section 313 (Toxic
Release Inventory) chemicals for listing as
CERCLA hazardous substances, support for
designation of new substances, and review of old
RQ calculations to keep them consistent with new
data and changes in risk assessment guidelines.
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
Contact
AlanEhrlich
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
728
25.0
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Innovative/Alternative Technology
Research, Development, and
Demonstration
Section 31 Ib of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act requires EPA to conduct the
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
(SITE) Program, which seeks to accelerate the
application of promising new technologies to
Superfund problems. Examples of technologies
being studied and demonstrated include: fiber
optics chemical sensors for ground water
contamination, immunoassay systems for organic
contamination, canisters for air sampling, x-ray
fluorescence for rapid metals screening,
geophysical equipment for remote sensing of
buried waste, and cone penetrometers for rapid
and extended depth soil sampling.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
EMSL/LV Michel Hiatt
OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
695.8
15
97
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Superfund
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Evaluate Technologies to Manage
Uncontrolled Waste Sites
This research activity is focused on evaluating
both naturally -occurring and improved
microorganisms for the degradation of hazardous
substances. Present knowledge and available
biodegradation technology will be expanded to
enable this cleanup technique to be advanced as a
viable option to existing chemical and physical
remediation processes.
To effect cleanup of hazardous chemicals in the
environment, edaphic and genetic methods to
enhance the biodegradative ability of indigenous
and introduced microorganisms are being studied.
Principles for application of this information to
hazardous waste sites are being developed using
in-situ and above-ground reactor technology. The
program will identify high priority chemical
structures for study, develop gene banks of novel
capabilities, and develop approaches for rapid
biodegradation. All extramural monies will be
expended by the participating laboratories subject
to final planning actions.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
RSKERL/ADA
ERL/ATH
ERL/GB
OEPER/HQ
James F. McNabb
Rosemarie C. Russo
Hap Pritchard
WillC.LaVeille
Total
Funds ($k)
143.3
68.2
68.8
1,897.1
Percent
In-House
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Exploratory
Research
Manage Hazardous Substance Research
Centers Program
Authorized by the 1986 amendments to the
Superfund Act, the Hazardous Substance
Research Centers (HSRC) program supports five
university-based research centers across the
country. The HSRC approach is unique among
federally-sponsored research centers programs.
First, the program has a "Think globally, act
locally" philosophy. Each center is charged with a
global research focus, and a responsibility to act
locally and address problems of the two contiguous
federal region-pair through technology transfer
98
-------
Superfund
activities. To ensure this, the regional community
is represented on the required scientific and
technology transfer advisory committees for the
center. Other members come from industry,
government, and academia. This distinctive
technology transfer program element at the
HSRCs is required and supported by 10-20% of
each HSRC's budget. Both technology transfer and
research on the effectiveness of different
technology transfer techniques and activities,
such as workshops and short courses, are included.
At least 20% of the total center's resources must
be provided by university, state, or private
sources. This ensures a continuing commitment to
the success of the venture by the universities and
other clients of each center.
The centers, which consist of multi-university
consortia, were selected through a competitive
peer review process and established in February
1989. Each center has an eight-year life
expectancy and receives $1.0 million annually
from EPA/OER. In addition, each center is
building additional federal and industrial support
for their research and technology transfer
programs. An additional $1.0 million in grant
support from other federal agencies is being
provided to the centers this year. An industrial
affiliates program is also being established at the
centers to facilitate industrial support. This
additional support is helping build the reputation
of the centers as experts in research and
technology transfer for hazardous substance
management. The lead institution and research
focus of each center include:
Region-Pair 1 -2: New Jersey Institute of
Technology: Incineration
Region-Pair 3-5: The University of Michigan:
Bioremediation
Region-Pair 4 -6: North Carolina State
University: Waste minimization
Region-Pair 7-8: Kansas State University: Soils
Region-Pair 9-10: Stanford University:
Groundwater
99
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Superfund
Office or
Laboratory Contact
EPA/HQ
Dale Manty
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
5,000 0
Exploratory
Research
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) Program—Superfund
EPA is required to devote 1.25% of its extramural
budget to Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR). The SBIR Program funds, via contracts,
small businesses with ideas relevant to EPA's
mission. Proposals are solicited in the fall of each
year for Phase I research. Phase I research
consists of feasibility studies which are supported
at a level of up to $50,000. Of these Phase I
studies, the best are selected for Phase II studies
where actual product development is started.
Phase II studies are supported up to a level of
$150,000. Results from the SBIR Program are
expected to lead to the commercial development of
a product or process used in pollution control.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
OER/HQ
Donald Carey
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
692 0
Exploratory
Research
Superfund Research Grants
The Superfund research grants program supports
research initiated by individual investigators in
areas of priority interest to the Agency. Research
proposals are solicited via the Request for
Applications (RFA), which is a targeted
solicitation mechanism that identifies Agency
research needs in well-defined areas. Only
proposals which specifically address those needs
are accepted for review and possible funding.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
OER/HQ
Roger Cortesi
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
2,400 0
100
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Superfund
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Field Screening Techniques for
Assessment and Evaluation
This research activity is designed to develop
procedures for evaluating the ecological hazards
and risks associated with hazardous waste sites
and their remedial operations. Ecological
endpoints, important to the Superfund program,
will be identified and appropriate methods for
evaluating the ecological hazards and risks
associated with hazardous wastes at Superfund
sites will be validated. Available methods will be
customized to the extent possible to provide site-
specific field assessment methods.
A second purpose is to acquire subsurface
process and characterization information that will
allow development of a decision-making
framework for evaluating the appropriateness and
potential efficacy of remediation technologies such
as pump-and-treat and various
physical/chemical/biological methods. The
program will consist of studies on methods for site
characterization, immiscible fluid flow and
residual saturation, mass transport in
heterogenous media, and accelerated remediation
methods.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
RSKERL/ADA James F. McNabb
ERL/ATH Rosemarie C. Russo
ERL/NARR Gerald G. Pesch
OEPER/HQ Will C. LaVeille
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
1.075.0
82.4
384.0
250.0
0.0
41.5
0.0
0.0
101
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Overview
Introduction
The primary goal of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is to
mitigate the adverse impacts of pollution on human health and the
environment. Toward that end, Agency management must make decisions
regarding the development of policy, guidance, standards, regulations, and
the appropriate tools for implementing pollution abatement strategies. It
is the primary mission of the Office of Research and Development (ORD) to
provide high quality, timely scientific and technical information in the
service of Agency goals. The Agency's research program is conducted
through 12 environmental laboratories across the country, employing
some 1900 people, with an annual budget of about $450 million. The
research focuses on areas targetted by the planning process as needing
additional emphasis in order to provide the information required for
Agency decision making.
Research Perspectives
The overall planning process engenders an applied research and
development program focused on answering key scientific and technical
questions related to EPA's decision making, short-term scientific and
technical studies supporting immediate regulatory and enforcement
decisions. In addition, ORD maintains a longer-term core research
program that extends the knowledge base of environmental science and
anticipates environmental problems. This research and development
program is focused on the following functional areas:
• Health effects research—to determine exposure and adverse effects of
pollutants on human health
• Ecological effects research—to determine exposure and adverse effects
of pollutants on ecosystems
• Environmental process and fate research—to understand how
pollutants are transported and modified as they move through soils,
ground and surface waters, and the atmosphere
• Environmental monitoring research—to develop methods of identifying
pollutants in the environment and measuring exposure to such
substances
• Risk assessment research—to develop methods to integrate information
on pollutant sources, fate and transport, exposure, and health and
ecological effects in order to assess the overall risk posed by a pollutant
or a group of pollutants
102
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Overview
• Risk reduction research—to develop control technologies to treat,
destroy, or contain pollutants and methods to reduce or eliminate the
sources of pollutants or to prevent exposure to pollutants.
In addition to functional areas, several cross-media problems also
categorize the total ORD program. Those cross- media problems receiving
special emphasis at present and for the foreseeable future and the Agency
programs most concerned are:
• Global climate change (air, water, hazardous waste);
• Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (water, air, energy);
• Total and human exposure assessment (air, water, hazardous
waste/superfund, pesticides/toxic substances);
• Ground Water (water, hazardous waste/superfund);
• Pollution Prevention (hazardous waste, pesticides, multimedia);
• Comparative risk for complex mixtures (air, water, hazardous
waste/superfund, pesticides/toxic substances); and
• Technology Transfer (all).
Conclusions
ORD's ongoing activities evolve from a process of mediation between
research concepts and regulatory/programmatic applications, as well as
from a growing fund of commonly held priorities and core values. As the
Agency continues to refine strategies for addressing increasingly complex
environmental problems, the goal of ORD is to affect those strategies with
sound science, sound judgment, and vision.
103
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_L
Office of Research
Program Management
Clarence Mahan, Dir
Office of Modeling,
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Rick Lmthurst, Dir
Atmospheric
Research &
Exposure
Assessment
Lab .Research
Triangle Park, NC
Gary Foley, Dir
Environmental
Monitoring Systems
Lab, Cincinnati, OH
Tom Clark, Dir
Environmental
Monitoring Systems
Lab ,Las Vegas, NV
Robert Snelling,*
Dir
"Acting
Assistant Administrator for
Research and Development
Erich Bretthauer
Deputy Assistant Administrator
John H Skinner
Office of Environmental
Engineering & Technology
Demonstration
Alfred Lmdsey, Dir
Air & Energy
Engineering Research
Lab , Research
Triangle Park, NC
Frank Princiotta, Dir
Risk Reduction
Engineering Lab,
Cincinnati, OH
Timothy Oppelt, Dir
Office of Exploratory
Research
Roger S Cortesi. Dir.
Office of Environmental
Processes & Effects
Research
Courtney Riordan, Dir
Environmental Research
Lab .Corvallis, OR
Thomas Murphy, Dir
Environmental Research
Lab .Athens, GA
Rosemane Russo, Dir
Environmental Research
Lab .Duluth, MN
Oilman Veith, Dir
Environmental Research
Lab .Narragansett, Rl
Norbert Jaworski, Dir
Environmental Research
Lab ,Gulf Breeze, FL
Robert E Menzer, Dir
R S Kerr Environmental
Research Lab .Ada, OK
Clinton Hall, Dir
Office of Health
Research
Ken Sexton, Dir
Health Effects
Research Lab ,
Research Triangle
Park, NC
Lawrence Reiter,
Dir
Office of Technology
Transfer & Regulatory
Support
Peter Preuss, Dir
Office of Health &
Environmental
Assessment
William Farland, Dir
Human Health
Assessment Group
Hugh McKmnon, Dir
Exposure Assessment
Group
Michael Callahan, Dir
Environmental Criteria
& Assessment Office,
Research Triangle
Park, NC
Lester Grant, Dir
Environmental Criteria
& Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH
Christopher DeRosa,'
Dir
-------
ORD Organization
Please note, the list below includes both commercial (CML) and Federal
(FTS) telephone numbers. Where only one number is listed, it serves both
purposes.
Assistant Administrator for Research and Development
Erich Bretthauer (202) 382-7676
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-672)
Deputy Assistant Administrator
John H. Skinner
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-672)
(202) 382-7676
Senior ORD Official, Cincinnati
Acting Director, Steven Lutkenhoff
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Support Services Office
Director, Robert N. Carr
CML (513) 569-7951
FTS 8-684-7951
CML (513) 569-7966
FTS 8-684-7966
Senior ORD Official, Research Triangle Park
Elizabeth J. Hudson
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
CML (919) 541-0179
FTS 8-629-0179
Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory Support
Director, Peter W. Preuss
Headquarters, Washington, DC (H-8105)
Regulatory Support Staff
Director, Jay Benforado
Technology Transfer Staff
Director, Mike Moore
(202) 382-7669
(202) 382-7669
(202) 382-7671
105
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ORD Organization
Center for Environmental Research
Information (CERI)
Director, Calvin Lawrence
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Regional Operations Staff
Director, David Klauder
Regional Scientist Program Coordinator,
(Vacant)
CML (513) 569-7391
FTS 8-684-7391
(202) 382-7667
(202) 382-7667
Office of Research Program Management
Director, Clarence E. Mahan
Deputy Director, W. Randall Shobe
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-674)
Evaluation and Review Staff
Chief, Thomas L. Hadd
Planning Staff
Chief, Clifford Moore
Program and Information Management Staff
Chief, Linda K. Smith
Program Coordination Staff
Chief, Peter Durant
(202) 382-7500
CML (202) 382-7659
FTS 8-382-7659
CML (202) 382-2597
FTS 8-382-2597
CML (202) 382-7462
FTS 8-382-7462
CML (202) 382-7468
FTS 8-382-7468
Office of Exploratory Research
Director, Roger Cortesi
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-675)
Research Grants Staff
Director, Robert Papetti
Research Centers Program
Director, Karen Morehouse
Visiting Scientists Program
Coordinator, Alvin Edwards
Small Business Innovation Research Program
Director, Donald Carey
(202) 382-5750
(202) 382-7473
(202) 382-5750
(202) 382-7473
(202) 383-7445
106
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ORD Organization
Office of Health Research
Director, Ken Sexton (202)382-5900
Deputy Director, David Kleffman
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-683)
Program Operations Staff
Director, Mary Ellen Radzikowski (202) 382-5891
Environmental Health Research Staff
Director, David Kleffman (Acting) (202) 382-5893
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Director, Lawrence W. Reiter (MD-51) CML (919) 541-2281
Deputy Director, Harold Zenick FTS 8-629-2281
Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
Director, Rick A. Linthurst (202) 382-5767
Deputy Director, H. Matthew Bills
Acting Associate Director, Jack Puzak (202) 382-5776
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-680)
Program Operations Staff
Director, Paul D. Palm (202) 382-5761
Quality Assurance Management Staff
Acting Director, Nancy Wentworth (202) 382-5763
Modeling and Monitoring Systems Staff
Director, Frederick W. Kutz (202) 382-5776
Atmospheric Research and Exposure
Assessment Laboratory
Director, Gary J. Foley CML (919) 541-2106
Acting Deputy Director, William J. Mitchell FTS 8-629-2106
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory
Director, Thomas A. Clark CML (513) 569-7301
Deputy Director, Gerald D. McKee FTS 8-684-7301
Cincinnati, OH 45268
107
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ORD Organization
Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory
Acting Director, Robert N. Snelling CML (702) 798-2525
Acting Deputy Director, Llewellyn R. Williams FTS 8-545-2525
P.O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478
Vint Hill Station
Acting Director, Donald Garofalo CML (703) 347-6224
P.O. Box 1587, Building 166 FTS 8-557-3110
Warrenton,VA22186
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
Director, Willilam H. Farland CML (202) 382-7315
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-689) FTS 8-382-7315
Program Operations Staff CML (202) 382-7311
Chief, Barry Goldfarb FTS 8-382-7311
Program Liaison Staff CML (202) 382-7323
Chief, Jerry Moore FTS 8-382-7323
Technical Information Staff CML (202) 382-7345
Chief, Marie Pfaff FTS 8-382-7345
Human Health Assessment Group CML (202) 382-7338
Director, Hugh McKinnon FTS 8-382-7338
Exposure Assessment Group CML (202) 475-8909
Director, Michael Callahan FTS 8-475-8909
Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office
Director, Lester Grant (MD-52) CML (919) 541-4173
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 FTS 8-629-4173
Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office
Acting Director, Christopher DeRosa CML (513) 569-7531
Cincinnati, OH 45268 FTS 8-684-7531
108
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ORD Organization
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology
Demonstration
Director, Alfred Lindsey (202) 382-2600
Deputy Director, Stephen Lingle
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-681)
Program Development Staff
Director, Greg Ondich (202) 382-5748
Program Management Staff
Director, Al Galli (202) 382-2583
Deputy Director, Steve Jackson
Field Laboratories
Air and Energy Engineering Research
Laboratory
Director, Frank Princiotta (MD-60) CML (919) 541-2821
Deputy Director, Blair Martin FTS 8-629-2821
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
Director, E. Timothy Oppelt CML (513) 569-7418
Deputy Director, John Convery FTS 8-684-7418
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Releases Control Branch
Chief, Jack Farlow CML (201) 321-6635
Edison, NJ 08817 FTS 8-340-6635
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
Director, Courtney Riordan (202) 382-5950
Deputy Director, Michael W. Slimak
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-682)
Program Operations Staff
Director, Patricia M. Neuschatz (202) 382-5962
Terrestrial and Ground Water Effects Staff
Director, Jack Durham (202) 475-8930
Marine, Freshwater and Modeling Staff
Acting Director, Robert R. Swank (202) 382-5791
109
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ORD Organization
Field Laboratories
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Laboratory
Director, Clinton W. Hall CML (405) 332-8800
P.O. Box 1198 FTS 8-743-2224
Ada, OK 74820
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, Rosemarie C. Russo CML (404) 546-3134
Acting Director for Research
Operations, John E. Rogers
College Station Road FTS 8-250-3134
Athens, GA 30613
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, Thomas A. Murphy CML (503) 757-4601
Deputy Director.Robert T. Lackey FTS 8-420-4601
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, Oilman D. Veith CML (218) 727-6692
Associate Director for Research, FTS 8-780-5550
Steven F. Hedtke
6201 Congdon Boulevard
Duluth, MN 55804
Monticello Field Station CML only
Box 500 (612)295-5145
Monticello, MN 55362
Large Lakes Research Station CML (313) 692-7600
9311 Groh Road FTS 8-378-7600
GrosseIle,M148138
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, Norbert A. Jaworski CML (401) 782-3001
Deputy Director, (Vacant) FTS 8-838-6001
South Ferry Road
Narragansett, RI 02882
Hatfield Marine Science Center CML only
Newport, OR 97365 (503) 867-4040
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, Robert E. Menzer CML (904) 934-9200
110
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ORD Organization
Deputy Director, Raymond G. Wilhour FTS 8-228-9200
Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
111
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ORD Organizational Descriptions
Office of
Technology
Transfer and
Regulatory
Support
The Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory
Support (OTTRS) is responsible for three broad
functions. The first function is to ensure that the
Agency's regulations, legislation, and other policy
decisions are based on the best scientific and
technical information available. OTTRS staff
coordinates the input from ORD offices and
laboratories to the regulations and participates at
all levels of the regulatory process. The second
function, technology transfer, implements a
program to share the results of ORD's research
and development outside the Agency. In
coordination with the laboratories and program
offices, OTTRS and the Center for Environmental
Research Information (CERI) develop technology
transfer products. Those products include
databases, publications, seminars, and workshops
which are available to state and local
governments, academia, international
organizations, as well as others with an interest in
environmental science and technology. The third
function, regional operations, is the ORD liaison
with EPA's regional offices. Regional operations
staff promotes regional interests in the research
planning process as well as technology transfer
through the Regional Scientist Program and the
Regional Superfund Technical Liaison Program.
Office of
Exploratory
Research
The Office of Exploratory Research (OER) is
responsible for planning, administering,
managing and evaluating EPA's exploratory
research program in general and, in particular, its
extramural grant research in response to Agency
priorities as established by Agency planning
mechanisms. Its basic objective is to support
research aimed at developing a better basic
scientific understanding of the environment and
its inherent problems. OER accomplishes this
objective through several core programs: a
Competitive Research Grants Program, an
Environmental Research Centers Program, a
Hazardous Substance Research Centers Program,
a Visiting Scientists Program and a Small
Business Innovation Research Program. Separate
112
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ORD Organizational Descriptions
descriptions of these programs are provided
elsewhere in this research guide. In addition to the
core programs, OER administers other programs
which are not supported by research and
development funds appropriated to OER but are
nonetheless important to the accomplishment of
the OER objective. They include:
• A Minority Fellowship Program which awards
fellowships to college seniors and graduate
students enrolled on a full-time basis at
Historically Black Colleges and Universities
and majoring in curricula that could be applied
to the solution of environmental problems.
• A Minority Summer Intern Program which
extends to recipients of fellowships under the
Minority Fellowship Program the opportunity
for hands-on experience in the area of their
academic training by way of a summer
internship at an EPA or other environmental
facility. (Both the Minority Fellowship Program
and the Minority Summer Intern Program are
components of the Minority Institutions
Assistance Program, which is briefly described
elsewhere in this document.)
• The Agency's Senior Environmental
Employment Program (SEE) which utilizes the
skills and talents of older Americans to meet
employment needs of environmental programs.
• The Federal Workforce Training Program
which coordinates ORD's participation in
workforce training programs used by state and
local governments.
• The Resident Research Associateship Program
(RRAP) which, through a cooperative with the
National Research Council, attracts scientists
and engineers to ORD laboratories for one-year
assignments to conduct research needed by the
Agency. The program sponsors the research of
junior, mid-, and senior-level scientists and
engineers.
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Office of
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
The Office of Environmental Engineer ing and
Technology Demonstration is responsible for the
assessment and the development of methods for
control of the environmental and socio-economic
impacts of municipal and industrial operations
and of energy and mineral resource extraction,
processing, conversion, and utilization systems.
The Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory in
Cincinnati, Ohio, investigates ways to prevent,
control, and treat hazardous wastes and
Superfund related activities. This includes
defining and characterizing sources of pollution,
catalyzing advances in the state-of-the-art of
pollution control, providing engineering concepts
for cost-effective engineering solutions to difficult
pollution problems and early-warning of emerging
sources of pollution.
It also investigates, develops and demonstrates
cost-effective methods for the treatment and
management of municipal waste water and sludges
and urban runoff; and of industrial processing and
manufacturing and toxic discharges, and the
development of technology and management
systems for the treatment, distribution and
presentation of public drinking water supplies.
• Drinking Water: This research program
integrates chemistry, engineering,
microbiology, and cost to provide effective,
reliable, and cost-effective techniques for
assuring the delivery of safe drinking water to
reduce the risk of chemically and
microbiologically induced health effects to the
public. Included are laboratory, pilot plant, and
field studies on control of lead, radon, synthetic
organics, disinfection by-products, viruses, and
cysts.
• Hazardous Wastes: This program focuses on
investigating incineration, land disposal and
alternative technologies for treating,
detoxifying, and disposing of hazardous wastes.
• LUST Trust Fund Technical Support: This
program works in close support to the Office of
Underground Storage Tanks (OUST) to develop
procedures for detecting and preventing leaks
from storage tanks and associated piping.
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Under the LUST Trust Fund, technical
assistance is provided on site assessment,
technology selection, and corrective action to
decision officials.
• Pesticides: This research program evaluates
processes for treating wastes from production,
application and disposal of pesticides. The
program also evaluates treatment alternatives
for disposing cancelled and suspended
pesticides, and provides data and guidance on
the effectiveness of protective equipment for
reducing worker exposure to pesticides.
• Superfund: Research is directed at identifying,
developing and evaluating technologies to
support remediation, removal and enforcement
actions. The Superfund Innovative Technology
Evaluation (SITE) program facilitates
development and conducts demonstrations of
innovative technologies as alternatives to
containment. The Superfund Technical
Assistance Response Team (START) provides
engineering and scientific assistance to
Regional Offices, Program Offices, and others
on the cleanup of hazardous wastes,
particularly those associated with Superfund
sites.
• Toxic Chemical Testing and Assessment: One
goal of this research program is to provide test
protocols, treatment and control procedures for
regulating the manufacture and use of existing
toxic chemicals (including asbestos); assessing
release and exposure in review of
Premanufacturing Notices (PMNs) for new
chemicals; and evaluating techniques and
devices to contain and destroy genetically
engineered organisms are two other goals.
• Wastewater Treatment (Municipal and
Industrial): Research efforts are focused on
developing cost-effective methods for treating
municipal wastewater and sludges, urban
runoff, and industrial wastewater discharges
from processing and manufacturing operations.
The main goal is to provide design and
operating guidelines for efficient wastewater
management based on the principles of
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pollution prevention and process integration.
The research also includes the development of
toxicity-based permitting via use of bioassay
procedures.
• Municipal Waste: This program promotes the
integration of municipal solid waste
management technologies through research on
safe and effective recycling practices, reducing
multimedia pollutant releases from municipal
land disposal facilities, and research on the
utilization and safe disposal of municipal waste
combustion residues.
• Pollution Prevention: Research is conducted, (1)
to assess opportunities for multi-media
pollution prevention through source reduction
and recycling within operating industrial
facilities: (2) to develop and demonstrate
innovative pollution prevention technologies
for industrial and transportation sector
processes; (3) to develop and standardize
methodologies for performing consumer product
life cycle analyses and for measuring waste
reduction.
• Oilspills: As a result of EPA's involvement in
efforts to clean up the Alaskan oil spill,
research is underway to develop and evaluate
remediation technologies. The program
emphasizes exploiting the natural ability of
indigenous microorganisms to degrade oil, with
or without nutrient addition.
The major purpose of the Air and Energy
Engineering Research Laboratory is to develop and
assess methods and technologies for preventing, or
reducing the effects of air pollutants on human
health and welfare, and on the global
environment.
• Acid Rain: This program focuses on developing
innovative controls for acid rain precursors,
SC>2 and NO _ including the Limestone Injection
Multistage fiurner; developing models that will
identify the best possible control alternatives
for various scenarios; and developing
inventories of acid rain precursor emissions.
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• Air Toxics: Emphasis is placed on developing
technologies and pollution prevention
approaches to reduce emissions of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs); identifying sources
of VOCs; developing improved designs that will
achieve better control of woodstove emissions;
and providing direct technical assistance to
state and local agencies through the Control
Technology Center (CTC) which has extensive
information on existing technologies applicable
to a variety of air pollution sources.
• Hazardous Wastes: The primary goal of this
program is to study the fundamental
combustion mechanisms that influence thermal
destruction of hazardous wastes. Included are
studies of metal aerosols from waste
incineration, failure modes in a small pilot-
scale rotary kiln, and small pilot-scale studies
of fluidized-bed incineration.
• Indoor Air Quality/Radon: Research is
currently concentrating on (1) developing and
demonstrating technologies for reducing the
entry of naturally-occurring radon into houses,
schools and other public buildings; (2) studying
emissions from building materials and
consumer products as sources of indoor air
pollution; (3) evaluating the effects of "sinks"
that adsorb/desorb pollutants in the indoor
environment; and (4) evaluating indoor air
control options for gases and particles.
• Municipal Waste Combustion: Work focuses on
evaluating techniques to minimize pollutant
formation during combustion, and determining
the effectiveness of various devices in
controlling air pollution from municipal waste
incinerators.
• Ozone Non-Attainment: This program supports
ORD"s overall ozone non-attainment strategy
by developing innovative technologies,
mitigation strategies, process modifications and
improving existing technologies which will
prevent, or reduce, the emission of
hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and VOCs.
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• Stratospheric Ozone: In cooperation with
industry, AEERL evaluates, identifies, and
recommends substitute products and new
industrial processes which will replace ozone
depleting substances that are now in use. The
current emphasis is on alternatives for home
and commercial refrigeration systems.
• Global Climate Change: This program is
evaluating mitigation options for greenhouse
gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide)
including innovative technological solutions to
the problem. Also planned are inventories of
emissions that are contributing to global
climate change.
Office of
Health
Research
The Office of Health Research is responsible for
developing and evaluating toxicity test methods
and for providing toxicity data to enable the
Agency to accurately identify hazards and
determine human risk from environmental
exposure. To fulfill this mission, research is
conducted in three major areas:
— Toxicity test method development
— Generation of dose-response data
— Development of methods to use data from
toxicity testing and dose-response studies to
estimate human morbidity and mortality;
including extrapolation from animal data to
human effects, from high to low doses, from
acute toxicity to long-term effects, and from
exposure to dose.
The Health Effects Research Laboratory (HERD
in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,
conducts research, both intramurally and
extramurally, which is responsive to these goals.
Physical, biological and chemical agents are
studied; and research is conducted in the scientific
disciplines of pulmonary toxicology, genetic
toxicology, neurotoxicology, developmental and
reproductive toxicology, and epidemiology and
biometry. Research to improve the quality of
health risk assessment is being conducted through
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the development of pharmacokinetic and
biologically based models. These models are being
developed to more accurately predict the
relationship between environmental
concentration, target tissue dose and ultimate
health effect.
Office of
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Research
The Office of Environmental Processes and Effects
Research is responsible for the administration of a
broad range of ecological research programs.
These programs are structured to provide the
scientific data and technological methods
necessary to understand the the entry and
movement of pollutants into the environment and
to determine the effects of such substances on
organisms and ecosystems. The information and
research products resulting from these programs
are directly applicable to fulfilling the Agency's
regulatory responsibilities.
Research is conducted within the full realm of
environmental media—atmosphere, soil, ground
water, surface water, and coastal and marine
waters. Major areas of study include toxic
substances, hazardous waste, pesticides, acid
deposition, biotechnology, global climate change,
stratospheric ozone, wetlands, water quality,
ecological risk assessment,and status of critical
ecological resources. The Office actively provides
technical support in environmental science and
technology to regions and States in order to assist
in problem solving and to transfer information and
technology to local users.
The Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Laboratory in Ada, Oklahoma, serves as U.S.
EPA's center for ground water research, focusing
its efforts on studies of the transport and fate of
contaminants in the subsurface, development of
methodologies for protection and restoration of
ground-water quality, and evaluation of the
applicability and limitations of using natural soil
and subsurface processes for the treatment of
hazardous wastes. Subsurface transport and fate
information is incorporated into mathematical
models for use in predicting the transport and fate
of contaminants in the subsurface. Efforts to
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support the immediate needs and activities of
EPA's operating programs are focused on the
Underground Injection Control Program, the
Wellhead Protection Program and the Hazardous
Waste and Superfund Programs. RSKERL's
Technology Support Program provides decision-
makers with a source of information on subsurface
fate and transport of contaminants and in situ
remediation technologies, as well as the associated
expert assistance required to effectively use this
information.
The Environmental Research Laboratory in
Athens, Georgia, conducts and manages
fundamental and applied research to predict and
assess the human and environmental exposures
and risks associated with the release of pollutants
in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems.
The research focus is predictive ecological
science—predictive pollutant fate, predictive
exposure assessment, and predictive ecological
risk assessment and eco-resource management.
The research identifies and characterizes the
natural biological and chemical processes that
affect the environmental fate and effects of specific
toxic substances, such as pesticides or metals. The
results are applied in state-of-the-art
mathematical models for assessing and managing
environmental pollution problems. Emphasized
research areas in FY91 are global climate change,
ecological risk assessment, sediment quality
evaluation, artificial intelligence-expert systems
for predicting chemical reactivity, bioremediation,
and wellhead protection.
EPA's Center for Exposure Assessment
Modeling (CEAM) an internationally known
center of modeling expertise located at the Athens
Lab, provides models, training, and applications
support for multimedia exposure evaluation and
ecological risk assessment. CEAM assists the
Agency and States in environmental risk-based
decisions concerning the protection of freshwater,
marine water, soil, ground water, and air.
The Environmental Research Laboratory in
Corvallis, Oregon, conducts research on terrestrial
and watershed ecology and assesses the
comprehensive ecological impact of inland
pollution and other environmental changes caused
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by man. This includes the ecological effects of
airborne pollutants, such as acid deposition; the
ecological effects of global climate and UV-B
changes, the effects of toxic chemicals on
terrestrial plants, animals, and ecosystems; the
assessment and restoration of contaminated or
degraded environments; the characterization and
assessment of the vulnerability of ecological
systems such as wetlands, to human impacts; and
the ecological risks from the terrestrial release of
bioengineered organisms and other biological
control agents.
The Environmental Research Laboratory in
Duluth, Minnesota, is primarily responsible for
developing water quality criteria and other
measures of ecological health for the Nation's
freshwaters. The mission of this laboratory is to
develop methods for predicting and assessing the
effects of pollutants and pollution activities on
freshwater resources. Located on Lake Superior,
the laboratory specializes in the toxicology of
industrial chemicals, pesticides, and other
hazardous substances. Primary research programs
include developing ecosystem response models,
diagnostic methods for watersheds and mass
balance ecosystem models for the Great Lakes.
ERL-Duluth continues to conduct its research
in surface freshwater systems, both flowing and
lakes, including the Great Lakes (Gross He, MI)
and freshwater wetlands (Monticello, MN).
Research programs center on stresses from water
criteria pollutants, xenobiotics and biological
stressors including climate changes and
sediments. Investigations focus on the impact of
these stresses through a risk assessment
framework including stressor source assessment,
classification/characterization, hazard
identification and stressor dose-response analysis.
The Environmental Research Laboratory at
Narragansett, Rhode Island, along with its Pacific
Coast laboratory in Newport, Oregon, is the
Agency's National Marine Environmental Quality
Research and Monitoring Laboratory. The
Laboratory's research and monitoring efforts
support primarily the EPA Office of Water, Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, and the
Office of Air and Radiation. The Laboratory efforts
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respond mainly to legislative requirements of the
Clean Water Act, the Marine Protection, Research
Sanctuaries Act, Clean Air Act, and the Superfund
Reauthorization Act. Major emphasis is placed on
providing the scientific base for environmental
criteria, waste disposal practices, environmental
analysis and impacts, assessments of marine and
estuarine risk of regulatory activities by
responsible offices.
The principal research and monitoring themes
of the Laboratory reflect its major strengths and
are critical to accomplish the Laboratory's mission
and the Ecological Risk Assessment Program of
the Agency. The Laboratory's major themes are:
(1) Predictive Biological Test Method
Development; (2) Ecological Processes and
Significance; (3) Environmental Exposure and
Chemistry; and (4) Ecological Indicators and
Monitoring.
The Laboratory is responsible for the following
research and program areas: (1) marine and
estuarine disposal; (2) water use designation and
derivation of criteria for marine and estuarine
water and sediment; (3) environmental
assessment of ocean disposal and discharges of
waste and wastewaters; (4) technical and research
support for evaluating remediation options at
proposed and designated marine/estuarine
Superfund sites; (5) research on the effects of
global warming and the depletion of stratospheric
ozone on marine systems; and (6) ecological
monitoring for Near Coastal Ecosystems (EMAP).
Technical assistance, technology transfer, and
investigations of an emergency nature, e.g., spills
of toxic materials, are also are provided to aid EPA
offices in evaluating environmental threats posed
by toxicants, other pollutants, and physical
modifications along our nation's coasts. Technical
assistance is also provided to other Federal
agencies, states, municipalities, and industry.
The Environmental Research Laboratory in
Gulf Breeze, Florida, has broad research objectives
which include the development of scientific
information for (1) formulation of guidelines,
standards, and strategies for management of
pesticides and toxic chemicals in the near-coastal
marine environment, (2) definition of current
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ecological "health" status and measurement and
prediction of changes in ecological structure and
function over time, (3) description of cause(s) of
aberrant conditions or observed changes in
ecological status, and (4) application of biological
systems to bioremediate toxic and hazardous
chemicals in the environment. Research is
primarily devoted to chemical compounds and
biological products regulated by EPA's Office of
Pesticides and Toxic Substances, the Office of
Water Programs, and the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response.
Research programs specifically addressed by
the Laboratory include (1) definition and
evaluation of factors and mechanisms that affect
biodegradation rates and bioaccumulation
potential in food-webs; (2) development of
procedures and evaluation protocols for the
biological treatment of toxic chemicals and
hazardous wastes in the environment; (3)
determination of effects of carcinogens, mutagens,
and teratogens in aquatic species; (4) development
of principles and applications of ecotoxicology,
including measurements and predictions of the
fate and effects of chemicals and biotechnological
products on estuarine organisms, populations,
communities, and associated ecological structure
and function; (5) development and verification of
methods and data that allow extrapolation of
effects from laboratory observations to field
situations, within and among species, populations,
communities, and ecosystems; (6) development of
methods to evaluate the environmental risk of
toxic chemicals and products of biotechnology to
the marine environment; and (7) environmental
monitoring and assessment of bays and estuaries
of the Gulf of Mexico to define ecological "health"
status and to define changes over time and
cause(s).
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Office of
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems and
Quality
Assurance
The Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems and
Quality Assurance (OMMSQA) is responsible for:
(a) research with respect to the characterization,
transport, and fate of pollutants which are
released into the atmosphere; (b) development and
demonstration of techniques and methods to
monitor and model human and ecological exposure
and to relate ambient concentrations to exposure
by critical receptors; (c) research, development and
demonstration of new monitoring methods,
systems, techniques, and equipment for detection,
identification and characterization of pollutants at
the source and in the ambient environment and for
use as reference or standard monitoring methods;
(d) management and oversight of the Agency-wide
quality assurance program; and (e) development
and provision of quality assurance methods,
techniques and material including validation and
standardization of analytical methods, sampling
techniques, quality control methods, standard
reference materials, and techniques for data
collection, evaluation and interpretation.
The Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory in Las Vegas, Nevada, conducts
research and development programs related to: (a)
monitoring of pollutants in the environments; (b)
developing sampling strategies and techniques for
monitoring hazardous waste leachates in soil and
groundwater; (c) developing remote sensing
techniques; (d) conducting human exposure
monitoring and modeling studies covering several
environmental media; (e) evaluating analytical
methods for the characterization and
quantification of hazardous wastes; and (f)
providing quality assurance in support of the
EPA's hazardous waste, Superfund, pesticides,
ionizing radiation, and acid deposition programs.
The Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio, has as its primary
mission: (a) conducts research in the development,
evaluation, and standardization of chemical and
biological methods for environmental
assessments; (b) conducts research for detecting,
identifying and quantifying microbial pathogens
found in environmental media; and (c) provides
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technical assistance to the program office and
regions for conducting bioassessments of aquatic
systems; (d) provides quality assurance in support
of the wastewater, and related solid wastes,
Superfund, and toxics program.
The Atmospheric Research and Exposure
Assessment Laboratory in Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina, conducts intramural and
extramural research programs through laboratory
and field research in chemical, physical, and
biological sciences to: (a) characterize and
quantify present and future ambient air pollutant
levels and resultant exposures to humans and
ecosystems on local, regional, and global scales; (b)
develop and validate models to predict changes in
air pollution levels and air pollutant exposures
and determine the relationships among the factors
affected by predicted and observed changes; (c)
determine source-to-receptor relationships
relating to ambient air quality and air pollutant
exposures, developing predictive models to be used
for assessments of regulatory alternatives derived
from these relationships, directly or indirectly;
and (d) conduct long-term research in the areas of
atmospheric methods, quality assurance, field
monitoring, biomarkers, spatial statistics,
exposure assessment, human activity patterns,
and modeling research.
Office of
Health and
Environmental
Assessment
The Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment (OHEA) is responsible for assessing
the effects of environmental pollutants in varying
exposure situations on human health and
ecological systems and determining the degree of
risks from these exposures. The risk assessments
performed by OHEA are used by the Agency as the
scientific basis for regulatory and enforcement
decisions. OHEA's responsibilities also include the
development of risk assessment guidelines and
methodologies, and recommendations for new
research efforts that will better support future
EPA risk assessment activities and research that
will reduce the uncertainties in EPA risk
assessment activities.
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Comprehensive methodologies are prepared for
health assessments of both single chemicals and
complex mixtures. Technical assistance to various
Agency programs and Regional Offices concerning
acceptable pollutant levels and dose-response
relations is also provided.
The Office includes four organizational groups:
The Human Health Assessment Group provides
state-of-the-art methodology, guidance, and
procedures on the health risks associated with
suspected cancer-causing agents and the risks
associated with chemicals that are suspected of
causing detrimental reproductive effects,
including mutagenic, teratogenic, and other
adverse reproductive outcomes and reduced
fertility; assures quality and consistency in the
Agency's scientific risk assessments; provides
advice on proposed testing requirements for
adequate risk assessments; and prepares
independent risk assessments.
The Exposure Assessment Group provides
advice on the exposure characteristics and factors
of agents that are suspected of causing
detrimental health effects; provides state-of-the-
art methodology, guidance, and procedures for
exposure determinations; assures quality and
consistency in the Agency's exposure assessments,
and prepares independent assessments of exposure
and recommendations concerning the exposure
potential of specific agents.
The Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,
is responsible for preparing air quality criteria
documents and air pollutant health assessment
documents for use in Agency regulatory activities,
as well as legislatively required health-related
reports.
The Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office in Cincinnati, Ohio, prepares health and
hazard assessment documents on water pollution
and solid and hazardous wastes and hazardous air
pollutants.
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Abbreviations
CERI/CIN
ECAO/CIN
ECAO/RTP
EMSL/CIN
EMSL/LV
AREAL/RTP
RSKERL/ADA
ERL/ATH
Center for Environmental Research Information
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7391
FTS 8-684-7391
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7531
FTS 8-684-7531
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
CML (919) 541-4173
FTS 8-629-4173
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7301
FTS 8-684-7301
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
P.O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478
CML (702) 798-2100
FTS 8-545-2100
Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment
Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
CML (919) 541-2106
FTS 8-629-2106
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
P.O. Box 1198
Ada, OK 74820
CML (405) 332-8800
FTS 8-743-2224
Environmental Research Laboratory
College Station Road
Athens, GA 30613
CML (404) 546-3134
FTS 8-250-3134
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ORD Office/Laboratory
Abbreviations
ERL/COR
ERL/DUL
ERL/GB
ERL/NARR
HERL/RTP
RREL/CIN
AEERL/RTP
OEETD/HQ
Environmental Research Laboratory
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
CML (503) 757-4601
FTS 8-420-4601
Environmental Research Laboratory
6201 Congdon Boulevard
Duluth, MN 55804
CML (218) 727-6692
FTS 8-780-5550
Environmental Research Laboratory
Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
CML (904) 934-9200
FTS 8-228-9200
Environmental Research Laboratory
South Ferry Road
Narragansett, RI02882
CML (401) 782-3000
FTS 8-838-6000
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
CML (919) 541-2281
FTS 8-629-2281
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7418
FTS 8-684-7418
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
CML (919) 541-2821
FTS 8-629-2821
Office of Environmental Engineering and
Technology Demonstration
(RD-681)
Washington, DC 20460
(202)382-2600
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ORD Office/Laboratory
Abbreviations
OEPER/HQ Office of Environmental Processes and Effects
Research
(RD-682)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-5950
OER/HQ
OHEA/HQ
OHR/HQ
OMMSQA/HQ
Office of Exploratory Research
(RD-675)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-5750
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
(RD-689)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-7315
Office of Health Research
(RD-683)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-5900
Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems and Quality
Assurance
(RD-680)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-5767
OTTRS/HQ Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory
Support
(H-8105)
Washington, DC 20460
(202)382-7669
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ORD Key Contacts
Abbott, Jim
Akland, Gerald
Barnes, H. M.
Bates, Ed
Benforado, Jay
Berry, Michael
Bishop, Fred
Black, Frank
Blaney, Benjamin
Bond, Andrew
Bond, Randall
Bromberg, Steve
Brunner, Carl
Budde, William
Bufalni, Joseph
Burckle, John
Butler, Larry
Callahan, Michael
Calderon, Rebecca
Chapman, Robert
Clark, Robert
Clark, Thomas A.
Telephone
CML (919) 541-3443
FTS 8-629-3443
CML (919) 541-2346
FTS 8-629-2346
CML(919)541-2184
FTS 8-629-2 184
CML(513)569-7774
FTS 8-684-7774
CML (202) 382-7669
FTS 8-382-7669
CML(919)541-4172
FTS 8-629-4172
CML(513)569-7629
FTS 8-684-7629
CML(919)541-3037
FTS 8-629-3037
CML (513) 569-7 406
FTS 8-684-7406
CML (919) 541-4329
FTS 8-629-4329
CML (202) 382-5893
FTS 8-382-5893
CML(919)541-2919
FTS 8-629-2919
CML (513) 569-7655
FTS 8-684-7655
CML (513) 569-7309
FTS 8-569-7309
CML (919) 541-2706
FTS 8-629-2706
CML (513) 569-7506
FTS 8-684-7506
CML (702) 798-21 14
FTS 8-545-21 14
CML (202) 475-8909
FTS 8-475-8909
CML (202) 382-5893
FTS 8-382-5893
CML (919)966-6219
FTS 8-629-62 19
CML(513)569-7201
FTS 8-684-7201
CML (513) 569-7301
FTS 8-684-7301
Clements, John
Convery, John
Cook, Philip M.
Cortesi, Roger
Costa, Charles
Cote, Ila
Craig, AlfredB.
Cupitt, Larry
Daniel, Bernie
Dellarco, Michael
Dempsey, Clyde
DeRosa, Christopher
desRosiers, Paul
Dick, Marshall
Donaldson, William
Dufour, Alfred
Dyer, Robert
Ehrlich.Alan
Farland, William
Farlow, John
Farrell, Joseph
Finkelstein, Pete
Telephone
CML(919)541-2188
FTS 8-629-2 188
CML (513) 569-7601
FTS 8-684-7601
CML (218) 720-5553
FTS 8-780-5553
CML (202) 382-5750
FTS 8-382-5750
CML (702) 798-2305
FTS 8-545-2305
CML (919) 541-3644
FTS 8-629-3644
CML (919) 541-2821
FTS 8-629-2821
CML(919)541-2107
FTS 8-629-2 107
CML (513) 569-7411
FTS 8-684-7411
CML (202) 382-5794
FTS 8-382-5794
CML (513) 569-7504
FTS 8-684-7504
CML (513) 569-7531
FTS 8-684-7531
CML (202) 382-2722
FTS 8-382-2722
CML (202) 382-2583
FTS 8-382-2583
CML (404) 546-3 183
FTS 8-250-3 183
CML (513) 569-7218
FTS 8-684-72 18
CML(919)541-2760
FTS 8-629-2760
CML(202)382-7315
FTS 8-382-7315
CML (202) 382-7315
FTS 8-382-7315
CML(201)321-6635
FTS 8-340-6635
CML (513) 569-7645
FTS 8-684-7645
CML(919)541-2347
FTS 8-629-2347
130
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ORD Key Contacts
Foley, Gary
Fowle, Jack
Freeman, Harry
Galli, Alfred
Garman, Jerry
Garrahan, Kevin
Graham, Judith
Grant, Lester
Graves, Robert
Grose, Elaine
Hall, Robert E.
Hangebrauck, R. P.
Hern, Stephen
Hiatt, Michael
Highsmith, Ross
Hill, Ronald D.
Hogsett, William
Hurst, Pei-Fung
James, Steven
Janetos, Anthony
Jaworski, Norbert A.
Jones, Bruce
Telephone
CML (919) 541-2106
FTS 8-629-2106
CML (919) 541-2479
FTS 8-629-2479
CML (513) 569-7529
FTS 8-684-7529
CML (202) 382-2583
FTS 8-382-2583
CML (202) 382-7667
FTS 8-382-7667
CML (202) 382-2588
FTS 8-382-2588
CML (919) 541-0349
FTS 8-629-0349
CML(919)541-4173
FTS 8-629-4173
CML (513) 569-7325
FTS 8-684-7325
CML (919) 541-3844
FTS 8-629-3844
CML (919) 541-2477
FTS 8-629-2477
CML(919)541-4134
FTS 8-629-4134
CML (702) 798-2594
FTS 8-545-2594
CML (702) 798-2381
FTS 8-545-2381
CML (919) 541-7828
FTS 8-629-7828
CML (513) 569-7546
FTS 8-684-7546
CML (503) 755-4632
FTS 8-420-4632
CML (513) 569-7585
FTS 8-684-7585
CML (513) 569-7877
FTS 8-684-7877
CML (202) 382-5791
FTS 8-382-5791
CML (401) 782-3000
FTS 8-838-6000
CML (702) 798-2671
FTS 8-545-2671
Jones, Julian
Kapustka, Lawrence
Keeler, George
Keith, William
Klauder, David
Klee.Al
Kleffman, David
Knapp, Kenneth
Koglin, Eric
Kreissl, James
Krishnan, Bala
Kutz, Frederick W.
Kuehl, Douglas W.
Landreth, Robert E.
Laveille.WillC.
Lazorchak, James
Lee, Henry II
Leach, Lowell
Levinson, Barbara
Lewtas, Joellen
Lichtenberg, James
Lindsey, Alfred
Telephone
CML (919) 541-2489
FTS 8-629-2489
CML (503) 757-4606
FTS 8-420-4606
CML (405) 332-8800
FTS 8-743-2212
CML (202) 382-5776
FTS 8-382-5776
CMS (202) 382-7667
FTS 8-382-7667
CML (513) 569-7493
FTS 8-684-7493
CML (202) 382-5893
FTS 8-382-5893
CML (919) 541-3085
FTS 8-629-3085
CML (702) 798-2237
FTS 8-545-2237
CML (513) 569-7611
FTS 8-684-7611
CML (202) 382-2613
FTS 8-382-2613
CML (202) 382-5776
FTS 8-382-5776
CML(218)720-5511
FTS 8-780-5511
CML (513) 569-7871
FTS 8-684-7871
CML (202) 382-5990
FTS 8-382-5990
CML(513)569-8114
FTS 8-684-8114
CML (503) 867-4042
CML (405) 332-8800
FTS 8-743-2333
CML (202) 382-5983
FTS 8-382-5983
CML (919) 541-3849
FTS 8-629-3849
CML (513) 569-7306
FTS 8-684-7306
CML (202) 382-4073
FTS 8-382-4073
131
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ORD Key Contacts
Linthurst, Rick
Lykins, Ben
Maxwell, Michael
McCarthy, Bill
McElroy, James L.
McKee, Gerald
McKinnon, Hugh
McNabb, James F.
Meier, Eugene
Menzer, Robert
Messer.Jay
Miller, Thomas
Mitchell, WUliam
Mitchum, R. K.
Moore, Martha
Moore, Michael
Mulkey, Lee A.
Mullin, Cynthia
Murphy, Thomas A.
Nalesnik, Richard P.
Oberacker, Donald
Olexsey, Robert
Telephone
CML (202) 382-5767
FTS 8-382-5767
CML (513) 569-7460
FTS 8-684-7460
CML (919) 541-3091
FTS 8-629-3091
CML (202) 382-2605
FTS 8-382-2605
CML (702) 798-2361
FTS 8-545-2361
CML (513) 569-7303
FTS 8-684-7303
CML (202) 382-5898
FTS 8-382-5898
CML (405) 332-8800
FTS 8-743-2216
CML (702) 798-2237
FTS 8-545-2237
CML (904) 934-9200
FTS 8-228-90 11
CML (919) 541-0150
FTS 8-629-0 150
CML (202) 382-5893
FTS 8-382-5893
CML (919) 541 -2769
FTS 8-629- 2769
CML (702) 798-2103
FTS 8-545-2103
CML(919) 541-3933
FTS 8-629-3933
CML (202) 382-7671
FTS 8-382-7671
CML (404) 546-3546
FTS 8-250-3546
CML (513) 569-7523
FTS 8-684-7523
CML (503) 757-4601
FTS 8-420-4601
CML (202) 382-2583
FTS 8-382-2583
CML (513) 569-7510
FTS 8-684-75 10
CML (513) 569-7861
FTS 8-684-7861
Olson, Richard
Oppelt, Timothy.
Pahl, Dale
Parish, Rod
Patton, Dorothy
Paur, Dick
Pearson, Gareth
Peirano, Bruce
Perlin, Susan
Pesch, Gerald G.
Pheiffer, Tom
Pitchford, Marc
Plyler, Everett
Preston, Walter
Preuss, Peter
Pritchard, Hap
Reiter, Larry
Rhodes, William
Ringold, Paul
Rogers, Charles
Rogers, John
Rossman, Lewis
Telephone
CML (503) 757-4666
FTS 8-420-4666
CML (513) 569-7896
FTS 8-684-7896
CML (919)541-1851
FTS 8-629-1851
CML (904) 934-9221
FTS 8-228-9221
CML (202) 475-6743
FTS 8-475-6743
CML(919)541-3131
FTS 8-629-3 131
CML (702) 798-2203
FTS 8-545-2203
CML (513) 569-7540
FTS 8-684-7540
CML (202) 382-5893
FTS 8-382-5893
CML (401 (782-3000
FTS 8-838-6007
CML (202) 382-5776
FTS 8-382-5776
CML (702) 798-2363
FTS 8-545-2363
CML (919) 541-2918
FTS 8-629-2918
CML (202) 382-7445
FTS 8-382-7445
CML (202) 382-7669
FTS 8-382-7669
CML (904) 934-9260
FTS 8-228-9260
CML (919) 541-2281
FTS 8-629-2281
CML (919) 541-2853
FTS 8-629-2853
CML (202) 382-5609
FTS 8-382-5609
CML (513) 569-7757
FTS 8-684-7757
CML (404) 543-3 103
FTS 8- 250-3 103
CML (513) 569-7603
FTS 8-684-7603
132
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ORD Key Contacts
Royer, Michael
Russo, Rosemarie, C.
Saint, Chris
Sala, Ken
Sanville, William
Scalf, M. Richard
Schiermeier, Francis
Schonbrod, Robert
Schuda, Laurie
Sexton, Ken
Shreffler.Jack
Sigmon, John T.
Snelling, Robert
Sommers, Kevin
Sorg, Tom
Spence, John J.
Stevens, A]
Tang, Don
Thomas, Nelson
Tingey, Dave
Tucker, W. Gene
Veith, Oilman
Telephone
CML (201) 321-6633
FTS 8-340-6633
CML (404) 546-3134
FTS 8-250-3 134
CML (202) 382-5776
FTS 8-382-5776
CML (202) 382-5776
FTS 8-382-5776
CML (218) 720-5723
FTS 8-780-5723
CML (405) 332-8800
FTS 8 743-2308
CML(919)541-4541
FTS 8-629-4541
CML (702) 798-2100
FTS 8-545-2229
CML (202) 382-5776
FTS 8-382-5776
CML (202) 382-5900
FTS 8-382-5900
CML(919)541-2194
FTS 8-629-2194
CML (202) 382-5738
FTS 8-382-5738
CML (702) 798-2525
FTS 8-545-2525
CML (904) 934-9244
FTS 8-228-9244
CML (513) 569-7370
FTS 8-684-7370
CML (919) 541-2649
FTS 8-629-2649
CML (513) 569-7342
FTS 8-684-7342
CML (202) 382-2621
FTS 8-382-2621
CML (218) 720-5702
FTS 8-780-5702
CML (503) 757-4621
FTS 8-420-4621
CML (919) 541-2746
FTS 8-629-2746
CML (2 18) 720-5500
FTS 8-780-5500
Vickery, James
Walker, Henry A.
Weber, Cornelius
Wentworth, Nancy
Wiles, Carlton
Wilhour, Raymond
Williams, Bill A.
Williams, Llew
Williams, Sam
Wilmoth, Roger
Wilson, William
Winter, John
Worlund, John
Worrest, Robert
Wu, Chieh
Zenick, Harold
Telephone
CML (919) 541-2184
FTS 8-629-2 184
CML (401) 782-3134
FTS 8-838-6134
CML (513) 527-8350
FTS 8-778-8350
CML (202) 382-5763
FTS 8-382-5763
CML (513) 569-7795
FTS 8-684-7795
CML (904) 934-9200
FTS 8-228-9213
CML (503) 757-4679
FTS 8-420-4679
CML (702) 798-2138
FTS 8-545-2138
CML (202) 382-5967
FTS 8-382-5967
CML (513) 569-7509
FTS 8-684-7509
CML (919) 541-2551
FTS 8-629-2551
CML (513) 569-7325
FTS 8-684-7325
CML (702) 798-2656
FTS 8-545-2656
CML (202) 382-5981
FTS 8-382-5981
CML (202) 382-5977
FTS 8-382-5977
CML (919) 541-2281
FTS 8-629-2281
133
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ORD Regional Contacts
The Office of Research and Development's Regional Operations Staff is
responsible for planning, coordinating, and reviewing programs that
provide inter-communication and assistance on all matters of mutual
interest and/or responsibility of the Agency's Regional Offices and the
Office of Research and Development.
Director, David Klauder
Regional Operations Staff (RD-672)
Washington, DC 20460
Regional Liaison Officer, Glenn Williams
Regional Operations Staff
Washington, DC 20460
Coordinator, Regional Scientist
Program, Vacant
Washington, DC 20460
Coordinator, Regional Superfund
Technical Liaison Program
Jerry Garman
Washington, DC 20460
ORD/OTTRS Regional Scientists
Gregory A. Kew, Region I
Boston, MA 02203
John Montanari, Region IV
Atlanta, GA 30365
Louis J. Blume, Region V
Chicago, IL 60604
H. George Keeler, Region VI
Dallas, TX 75270
Dermont Bouchard, Region VII
Kansas, City, KS 66101
Winona Victery, Region IX
San Francisco, CA 94103
Telephone
CML (202) 382-7667
FTS 8-382-7667
CML (202) 382-7667
FTS 8-382-7667
CML (202) 382-7667
FTS 8-382-7667
CML (202) 382-7667
FTS: 8-382-7667
CML (617) 565-3715
FTS 8-853-3715
CML (404) 347-7109
FTS 8-257-7109
CML (312) 353-2000
FTS 8-353-2000
CML (214) 655-2252
FTS 8-255-2252
CML (913) 551-7519
FTS 8-276-7519
CML (415) 556-6466
FTS 8-556-6466
134
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EPA Regional Offices
Region 1 Environmental Protection Agency
Room 2203
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Boston, Massachusetts 02203
CML (617) 565-3424
FTS 8-835-3424
Region 2 Environmental Protection Agency
Room 900
26 Federal Plaza
New York, New York 10278
(212) 264-2515
FTS 8-264-2515
Region 3 Environmental Protection Agency
841 Chestnut St.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
(215)597-9370
FTS 8-597-9370
Region 4 Environmental Protection Agency
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30365
CML (404) 347-3004
FTS 8-257-3004
Region 5 Environmental Protection Agency
230 S. Dearborn
Chicago, Illinois 60604
(312) 353-2072
FTS 8-353-2072
Region 6 Environmental Protection Agency
1445 Ross Ave.
12th Floor, Suite 1200
Dallas, Texas 75202
CML (214) 655-2200
FTS 8-255-2200
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont
New Jersey
New York
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Delaware
District of Columbia
Maryland
Pennsylvania
West Virginia
Virginia
Alabama
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Mississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Minnesota
Ohio
Wisconsin
Arkansas
Louisiana
New Mexico
Oklahoma
Texas
135
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EPA Regional Offices
Region 7 Environmental Protection Agency
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, Kansas 66101
CML (913) 551-7003
FTS 8-276-7003
Region 8 Environmental Protection Agency
999 18th Street
Suite 500
Denver, Colorado 80202-2405
CML (303) 293-1692
FTS 8-330-1692
Region 9 Environmental Protection Agency
215 Fremont Street
San Francisco, California 94105
CML (415) 556-6387
FTS 8-556-6387
Region 10 Environmental Protection Agency
1200 6th Avenue
Seattle, Washington 98101
CML (206) 442-1466
FTS 8-399-1466
Iowa
Kansas
Missouri
Nebraska
Colorado
Montana
North Dakota
South Dakota
Utah
Wyoming
Arizona
California
Hawaii
Nevada
Guam
American Samoa
Alaska
Idaho
Washington
Oregon
*U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1990—726-130/D09636
136
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