EPA/600/9-91/025
September 1991
FY-1992
EPA Research
Program Guide
October 1, 1991—September 30, 1992
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Regon 5, Library (PL-12J)
7? West Jackson Boulevard, 12th Floor
Chicago, IL 60604-3590
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
Printed on Recycled Paper
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Notice
The program descriptions and resource estimates included in this document reflect the
latest detailed information available at time of publication. Time will change some of
this information. In addition, the resource figures have been rounded off and some
smaller programs omitted. For the latest information, you may want to contact the
individual listed.
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Contents
Introduction 1
How to Use the Program Guide 2
Air 3
Hazardous Air Pollutant Regulatory Activities 3
Mobile Source Pollutant Regulatory Activities ...8
Mobile Sources 10
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) .11
New Source Performance Standards and State Implementation Plans 15
Indoor Air Pollution Activities 18
Indoor Air 20
Global Change Research and Stratospheric Ozone Research 21
Global Climate Change 24
Clean Air Act Amendments 24
Health Effects Institute 25
Deposition Monitoring and Understanding Atmospheric Processes 26
Energy 27
Drinking Water 29
Health Effects of Drinking Water Contaminants 29
Ground Water Research 30
Ground Water 30
Drinking Water Technology 31
Water Quality 34
Water Quality Based Approach/Permitting 34
Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technology 35
Wastewater Treatment Technology 36
Marine, Estuaries, and Lakes 38
Hazardous Waste 40
Alternate Technologies 40
Incineration 41
Land Disposal 42
Pollution Prevention 43
Municipal Solid Waste 43
Municipal Solid Waste Monitoring 45
Waste Characterization 46
Quality Assurance 47
Releases 48
Waste Identification 50
Development of Techniques and Procedures to Prevent and
Contain Oil Spills 51
Develop Data to Support Treatment, Storage, Disposal Regulations 52
Technology Transfer 52
Oil Spills Research 53
iii
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Contents (continued)
Toxic Substances 54
Biotechnology 54
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical Pest Control Agents 55
Ecology: Ecotoxicity and Risk Assessment 57
Ecology: Transport/Fate/Field Validation 58
Exposure Monitoring 59
Health: Markers, Dosimetry, and Extrapolation 59
Special Human Data Needs 60
Structure Activity Relationships 60
Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know 61
Support for Toxic Substances Control Act(TSCA) 63
Engineering 63
Test Method Development 65
Asbestos 66
Pesticides 67
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical Pest Control Agents 67
Support for Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA) Activities 68
Ecology: Ecotoxicity and Risk Assessment 69
Ecology: Transport/Fate/Field Validation 70
Engineering 71
Exposure Monitoring 71
Health: Markers, Dosimetry, and Extrapolation 72
Test Method Development 72
Multimedia—Core 74
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-in) 74
Research to Improve Health Risk Assessment (RIHRA) (Health) 75
Exploratory Research Grants 75
Exploratory Research Centers 76
Pollution Prevention 77
Socioeconomic Research 78
Total Human Exposure 79
Multimedia 81
China Program 81
Harvard Study 81
Consistent Risk Assessment 81
Lead Abatement 82
Development, Validation, and Standardization of Analytical Methods
in Support of Regional Programs 82
Reducing Uncertainty in Ecological Risk Assessment 83
Ecological Status and Trends 84
Visiting Scientists Program 85
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program 86
Arctic Studies 86
iv
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Contents (continued)
Manage the Mandatory Quality Assurance Program 87
Radiation 90
Off-Site Monitoring Program 90
Scientific Support for Radon Program 90
Electric and Magnetic Field Research (EMF) 91
Superfund 93
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment 93
Clean-up of Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites Requires Technologies
for Response and Remedial Action, for Protecting the Personnel Involved
and for Supporting Enforcement Actions 93
Provide Quality Assurance—Superfund Program Requirements 94
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program, and Regions 95
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program, and Regional Offices 96
Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection Research 97
Health Effects Assessments 98
Superfund Reportable Quantity Regulatory Efforts 98
Field Screening Techniques for Assessment and Evaluation 99
Monitoring Technology, Development, and Demonstration 100
Hazardous Substance Research Centers Program 101
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program—Superfund 101
Superfund Research Grants 102
Evaluate Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites 102
Overview 104
Organization Chart 106
ORD Organization 107
ORD Organizational Descriptions 113
ORD Office/Laboratory Abbreviations 128
ORD Key Contacts 131
ORD Regional Contacts 138
EPA Regional Offices 140
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Introduction
The free and open exchange of knowledge both stimulates and provides quality
control for the progress of science. This report provides information on the research
which EPA is planning for this fiscal year, on how much we intend to spend on each
program area, and on whom to contact for further details. More than 60 percent of our
research budget will be spent through extramural contracts, grants, and cooperative
agreements with organizations outside of EPA's laboratories.
It is our intent to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of this research by
placing great emphasis upon open competition for extramural support We hope that
the information in this report will stimulate qualified parties and make their capabili-
ties known to our research managers so that we all might gain from sharing experi-
ence and expertise. Please feel free to contact any of the parties listed in this report.
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How to Use the Program Guide
The following descriptions of the research program of the Office of Research and
Development (ORD) are organized first by media such as air, water, hazardous wastes,
etc. These categories are further broken down into research foci such as scientific
assessment, monitoring and quality assurance, health effects, environmental processes,
and engineering technology. Each description is a very broad summary of the research
being done, where that research is being done, whom to contact for more information
about the program, and both the approximate total funding for that area and the
percentage of total funding which is reserved by EPA for in-house research. Funding
which is not reserved for in-house research is spent through extramural contracts,
grants and cooperative agreements.
For each program description, one or more contacts are listed along with the
major research areas to be pursued. For further information, you may call the contacts.
Their commercial and Federal (FTS) telephone numbers are listed in a separate section
near the end of this report. Where two or more research laboratories are listed, please
turn to the "ORD Organization Descriptions" section of this report for descriptions of
the major mission and functions of each.
Some of the research funded for this fiscal year will be done in-house by EPA's
laboratories. The rest will be accomplished extramurally. Proposals for funds for
research in areas of interest to the agency are welcomed and are considered on a
competitive basis. To receive information regarding application procedures for extra-
mural funds, please contact the person indicated in the area of specific interest to you.
In addition, approximately fifteen percent of EPA's research budget is used to support
long-term exploratory research. Information regarding funds for exploratory research
grants can be obtained from the:
Research Grants Program
Office of Exploratory Research (RD-675)
USEPA
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 260-5750
Finally, for further information regarding Office of Research and Development
research publications (600/series) or for additional copies of this report, please contact
Center for Environmental Research Information
USEPA
26 W. Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7562
FTS 8-684-7562
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Air
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
Hazardous Air Pollutant Regulatory
Activities
The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA)
require EPA to establish emission standards for source
categories of the 189 air toxics listed under Title HI of
the 1990 CAAA. These emission standards must be
based on Maximum Achievable Control Technology
(MACT) or Generally Available Control Technology
(GACT) for some area sources. In order to support this
revamped air toxics regulatory approach, ORD is
conducting research on innovative air toxic control
approaches which will be applicable to source catego-
ries, including area sources, which emit one or more of
the 189 air toxics. The focus of the innovative control
work is on development of the corona destruction
process which at the bench and small pilot scale has
shown great promise as a cost effective technique for
controlling low concentration streams of several air
toxics. ORD/Office of Environmental Engineering and
Technology Demonstration (OEETD) is working
cooperatively with industry and the military to demon-
strate the performance of the corona reactor at large
pilot scale, possibly 1000 cfm. This larger scale demo
is supported by fundamental in-house corona destruc-
tion research. Techniques to prevent air toxic emis-
sions are also under investigation as part of the
Administrator's 2% Pollution Prevention Set-Aside
Program. Source reduction approaches for air toxic
emissions from auto body refinishing and wood
furniture coating operations (both of these operations
emit several of the 189 air toxics) are being demon-
strated. These demonstrations are expected to facilitate
market acceptance of these new environmentally
benign coating approaches. Wood stoves (a major non-
point source of air toxics) research is improving the
existing EPA certification test and testing an ORD-
developed secondary combustion wood stove to assess
its performance in the field. ORD is also attempting
to improve the performance of existing in-use air
toxics control technologies for point and area sources
by determining the extent to which these technologies
are operating below design specifications and develop-
ing enhanced operation and maintenance approaches to
prevent and control the resulting excess emissions. The
initial emphasis of the control effectiveness program is
on control devices and techniques used in the coatings
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Air
industry. Technical assistance to state and local
agencies is expanding to address the expected increase
in requests for technical information due to the 1990
CAAA. This assistance is provided through the Control
Technology Center (CTC) which is jointly funded by
ORD and OAQPS to provide technical information on
air toxic control technologies via the CTC HOTLINE
and to conduct engineering evaluations which provide
data on emissions and control options for sources
where this information is not readily available. Finally,
methods to improve emissions estimates are being
developed for specific air toxic source categories. This
emissions methodology research supports development
of the national area source strategy mandated under
section 112(K) of the 1990 CAAA and the Great
Lakes study.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
AEERL/RTP Wade Ponder 3,992.9 40
OEETD/HQ Marshall Dick 250.0 75
Hazardous Air Pollutant Regulatory
Activities
Health Effects The Health research program for Hazardous Air
Pollutants (HAPs) has three goals: (1) to develop and
validate techniques to evaluate the toxic effects of
HAPs, (2) to produce dose-response data on the toxic
effects of HAPs, and (3) to develop methods which
improve our ability to use lexicological data in
performing risk assessments.
Research is conducted on effects associated with
specific chemicals, chemical classes and complex
mixtures.
More broadly, there is a need to evaluate whether
prolonged exposure to ambient levels of HAPs pose a
significant health risk. Primary research approaches are
animal toxicology and dosimetry studies. EPA re-
searchers will develop methods to provide data on the
genetic, developmental, and neurotoxic effects of
HAPs. Emphasis of this research will be on the toxic
components of gaseous-aerosol complex mixtures and
source emissions. Emphasis is also shifting towards
research that will resolve generic extrapolation issues,
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Air
such as route-to-route extrapolation, and extrapolation
across dose concentrations and durations.
Dose-response data on the mutagenic and carcino-
genic activity and noncancer endpoints, including
neurotoxicity, physiological, and pulmonary health
effects of potential HAPs will be generated. HAPs will
be selected for study in order to support the require-
ments of Title IH of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amend-
ments and to meet needs identified by the Office of
Air Quality, Planning, and Standards (OAQPS). The
effects of selected chemicals suspected of being
hazardous to the nervous system will be studied. Dose-
exposure research will provide quantitative information
on the relationship between dose (body burden) and
human exposure to toxic pollutants.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
Ila Cote
Susan Perlin
Total Percent
Funds($K) In-House
3,588.9
72
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Hazardous Air Pollutant Regulatory
Activities
The need for technology to monitor non-criteria
contaminants at the regional, state, and local levels
continues. Broad-based stationary source screening
methods, generic methods and specific methods for
hazardous pollutants with emphasis on source emission
monitoring in support of Maximum Achievable Control
Technology (MACT) regulation development as
specified in the 1990 CAAA are ongoing. Stationary
source methods wiU be evaluated and validated. In
addition, certain advanced ambient methods will be
evaluated, including cryogenic preconcentrations, gas
chromatography and Fourier Transform Infrared
(FTIR) spectrometry.
To support quality assurance needs within the
program, reference samples will be developed and
maintained, guidelines for procedures will be devel-
oped, and laboratory audits will be performed.
A major ORD field program, the Integrated Air
Cancer Projects (IACP), will continue to study the
origins and chemical composition of individual species
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Air
of toxics, mutagenic or carcinogenic pollutants which
are present in ambient air.
Laboratory studies are underway to determine
atmospheric reaction rates and transformation products
of HAPs. These studies will describe the formation,
removal, and fate of air toxics in complex atmospheric
mixtures found in urban air. As part of the IACP, the
program is conducting an ambient air monitoring study
in an urban location to quantify the sources of carcino-
gens in ambient air. In addition, the program will
develop methods for characterizing area-wide source
emissions of toxics. ,
Also, research studies will examine the atmo-
spheric chemical and physical processes that are
important in producing mutagenic compounds in the
atmosphere. The information obtained from this
program is used for preparing health assessment
documents to determine if chemicals in the atmosphere
present a hazard.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
AREAL/RTP John Clements 5,619 49
Larry Cupitt
OMMSQA/HQ Dwight Hlustick
Hazardous Air Pollutant (HAP) Regulatory
Activities
Scientific Th£ hazardous air pollutant scientific assessment
Accoccmont program of the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment Assessment (OHEA) has four major elements: (1)
health assessments, (2) research to improve methodolo-
gies for these assessments, (3) technological/informa-
tion transfer, and (4) expert consultation to the Office
of Air and Radiation (OAR) on all the above elements.
During FY92, major emphasis will be placed on
implementation of programs that are responsive to new
requirements of the CAAA. Health assessment
activities will focus on the list of 189 air-toxics in the
CAAA and OAR information needs relative to their
decisions on negligible risk, residual risk, designation
of lesser quantity cut-offs, ranking of hazard for
modifications, and source category designation. Cancer
unit risks will be developed for those listed air toxics
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that have not already been evaluated. Chronic
inhalation reference concentrations (RfC) will be
developed for non-cancer effects. As a methodology
for acute RfCs becomes available from the research
program, acute RfCs will be developed. Draft RfCs
are submitted to the EPA-wide RfD/RfC Work Group,
co-chaired by OHEA. After verification or determina-
tion that the data base is inadequate for an RfC, the
appropriate information is entered onto the Integrated
Risk Information System (IRIS.) Those listed
chemicals having data bases inadequate to meet the
criteria for RfC development will be identified.
OHEA provides support to the Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards (OAQPS) in identifying risks
for these chemicals. Another aspect of the program is
to complete health assessment documents and other
documents not processed in FY-91.
A research program is being conducted to
improve methodologies for risk assessment of air
toxics. The focus is on non-cancer health effects and
the RfC methodology. This research is designed to
enhance the scientific foundation of assumptions
inherent in all assessments and to increase the utility
of the assessments to the program offices. This
involves: (1) improving the quantitative basis for
uncertainty assumptions in the chronic RfC method so
that, ultimately, some key assumptions can be
replaced with actual values, (2) developing an acute
RfC method, and (3) developing procedures to assess
risks above the RfC. Based on results from this
research, the RfC methodology will be revised and
subjected to expert peer review and Agency review
prior to completion and EPA-wide implementation.
OHEA, jointly with OAQPS, operates the Air
Risk Information Support Center (Air RISC). This
Center provides information on health risks of air
toxics to state and local air pollution agencies as well
as to EPA Regions. Rapid response is achieved via a
hot-line operation. Numerous types of technical
guidance are also provided. OHEA also acts as
technical consultant to OAR on air toxics health
issues by providing expert review on listing/delisting
decisions.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K)In-House
ECAO/RTP Lester Grant 4106.3 48
7
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Air
Health Effects
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Mobile Source Pollutant Regulatory
Activities
The health effects research program for mobile
sources provides health effects data for selected
emissions and transformation products associated with
motor vehicles. One goal of the research conducted by
the Health Effects Research Laboratory is to develop
methods and data that can be used to characterize the
risk of mobile source emissions as a component of the
total human exposure to carcinogens and mutagens.
Methods are being developed to apportion the potential
cancer risk from alternative engine and fuel types. The
work includes the assessment of DNA adducts as
biomarkers of exposure, dosimetry, or cancer risk from
mobile source emissions in comparative mutagenesis
and tumorigenesis bioassay systems in vitro and in
vivo. The work also includes an examination of the
impact of alternative fuels and their emissions on
human health, with the focus on pharmacokinetics and
mutagenic activity of methanol exposure. Work
continues on the evaluation of the impact of atmo-
spheric transformation on the carcinogenic potential of
mobile source emissions.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
Ila Cote
Susan Perlin
Total Percent
Funds($K) In-House
408.3
34'
Mobile Source Pollutant Regulatory
Activities
The major effort in this program is to characterize
the emissions from motor vehicles using both tradi-
tional fuels as well as alternative fuels, such as
methanol, compressed natural gas or reformulated
gasoline. Laboratory studies of the impact of ambient
temperature on the emission rates of regulated and
unregulated pollutants from light duty motor vehicles
will continue. Emphasis will be directed to the compo-
sition of organic emissions. Studies of the relationship
between fuel composition, including gasoline and
gasoline-alcohol blends, and the composition and rate
of tailpipe, evaporative, and refueling emissions will
continue. Other programs will emphasize the develop-
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ment of analytical procedures suitable for real-time
measurement of motor vehicle emissions. Procedures
for determination of the operating condition of motor
vehicle emission control devices will be evaluated.
Programs for examination, development, and improve-
ment of procedures for apportionment of observed
ambient pollution to motor vehicles will be conducted.
Studies will also be conducted to characterize
organic emissions from motor vehicles under widely
variant operating conditions, i.e., temperature, eleva-
tion, speed, and fuels, including evaporative hydrocar-
bon emissions from refueling, running losses, and long
term standing. Emission rates of formaldehyde,
benzene, paraffins, and other organic compounds of
interest will be determined.
Research will also focus on developing methodol-
ogy for determining exposures of the population to
mobile source pollutants. A general methodology has
been developed for measuring and modeling the
exposures of the population to carbon monoxide, and
this methodology has been successfully field tested.
Future research will extend this methodology to other
locations and, where possible, to other mobile source
air pollutants. Detailed analyses of human exposure
field data collected in selected highway microenviron-
ments will be undertaken to develop improved com-
muter exposure models incorporating traffic variables
(roadway type, traffic count, trip time, and seasonal
characteristics). Data on human activity patterns and
time budgets will be further evaluated for use in
exposure models. Improved models of human activity
patterns and microenvironmental concentrations will be
developed and field tested. The Simulation of Human
Activities and Pollutant Exposure (SHAPE) model will
be modified and validated using field data from
another urban area. Additional testing of basic assump-
tions incorporated in the NAAQS Exposure Model
(NEM) wiU be undertaken. The purpose of the research
will be to improve the accuracy and reliability of the
Agency's exposure assessment methodology for mobile
source pollutants.
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Air
Office or
Laboratory
AREAL/RTP
OMMSQA/HQ
Total Percent
Contact Funds($K) In-House
Ken Knapp
Dale Pahl
Frank Black
Dwight Hlustick
3,010
38
Scientific
Assessment
Mobile Sources
OHEA is providing management of the ORD
Alternative Fuels Research Program and scientific
assessments of major issues related to EPA's develop-
ment of policies and regulations on alternative fuels.
OHEA is coordinating ORD activities to develop a
Research Strategy that describes research needed to
quantitatively assess the human health and ecosystem
effects and greenhouse gas emissions related to
production, storage, and use of alternative fuels (e.g.
methanol, ethanol, compressed natural gas, and
reformulated gasolines) compared to conventional
gasoline and diesel fuels. This strategy is intended to
provide broad guidance to development of targeted
research programs within ORD as well as other
scientific institutions which have an interest in alterna-
tive fuels. The strategy will be reviewed by the
Scientific Advisory Board and by the public before the
final document is developed.
As part of the scientific assessment portion of
ORD's Alternative Fuels Program, OHEA will develop
assessments of key health and ecosystem issues and
provide overall co-ordination of the program within
and outside EPA. This will entail the development of
major health and ecosystem assessments of the alterna-
tive fuels and conventional fuels. These documents will
be subjected to expert scientific review at workshops,
as well as public and Scientific Advisory Board
reviews. Assessments of additional topics (i.e., acciden-
tal ingestion of alternative fuels by children, the health
impacts of alterations in ozone levels resulting from
fuel switching, and predicted occurrences of large
accidental spills of alternative fuels into aquatic
systems) will also be developed, along with interpreta-
tive reports of findings from the ORD research
program. This assessment program began in FY-91
with the initiation of a methanol assessment and the
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completion of a Million Metric Tons (MMT) assess-
ment In FY92 the emphasis will be on: (1) completing
an assessment of the health effects of diesel emissions,
including the development of a cancer unit risk and (2)
initiating a revaluation of the cancer unit risks of
benzene and 1,3-butadiene.
Another key element is to coordinate the research
program with all interested scientific institutions (i.e.,
federal, private, academic and international). As one
step in this process, OHEA will hold an international
meeting on alternative fuels in FY92, at which these
institutions will be invited to describe their programs
and recent research results, thereby substantially
improving communication. A proceedings of the
meeting will be developed.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
ECAO/RTP Judith Graham
273.4
54
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS)
The purpose of this program is to provide scien-
tific information on atmospheric processes and moni-
toring methodologies to support the Agency's
regulatory program on National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS). The current program will focus
on inhalable paniculate matter, fine particles and acid
aerosols research, and visibility.
Under the Monitoring Systems and Quality
Assurance portion of this program, improved air
pollution monitoring methods are being developed to
help determine air quality trends, support compliance
with standards, and meet enforcement needs. The data
from these methods are often used as the basis for
regulatory action. The areas investigated include
ambient methods development, quality assurance
guidelines and audit materials preparation as well as
studies of the formation, characterization and control of
acid aerosols and visibility.
Ambient methods development focuses on measur-
ing paniculate matter in support of anticipated changes
to the NAAQS as well as the development of im-
proved methodologies for acid aerosol and visibility
measurements.
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The visibility research program is addressing the
analysis of visibility monitoring including intensive
studies such as the Mojave Study to determine the
source of aerosol components, its contribution to
visibility reduction, and its seasonal variation. This
program includes continuing support to and coordina-
tion with other agencies concerning visibility character-
ization and source attribution research; the initiation of
a visibility trends network to track the effects of
controls required by the CAAA of 1990; and the
modification of simple photochemical models to
include important constituent parameters that affect
visibility reduction.
Quality Assurance support will be provided
through a standard laboratory and repository of quality
assurance materials. Routine and special audits will be
conducted at laboratories making ambient measure-
ments and at compressed gas vendors. QA guidelines,
handbooks, data handling systems and a precision and
accuracy reporting system will be maintained and
updated. QA procedures, materials, and audit tech-
niques will be developed for compliance monitoring.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
AREAL/RTP William Wilson 2,268 20
EMSL/LV Marc Pitchford 234 29
OMMSQA/HQ Dwight fflustick
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS)
Health Effects Th*8 research program has three major goals: (1)
to provide data on health effects of exposures to
NAAQS pollutants (primarily O3, NO2, CO2, sulfur
oxides, participates and acid aerosols) using both
human and animal studies; (2) to develop better
models to extrapolate from animals to humans; and (3)
to develop improved test methods for research into the
physiological responses of humans to the primary air
pollutants.
Health effects research is conducted to refine and
improve the lexicological and epidemiological data
base relevant to criteria pollutants. Both human and
animal-dose response studies, as well as mathematical
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modeling, will be given special attention to determine
the deposition, clearance, and pulmonary function
effects of particulates, alone and in combination with
ozone, NO2, and SO2.
Research will be done to improve the models used
to extrapolate from animal biochemical and metabolic
responses to humans. Both human and animal experi-
ments will provide data on the functional, morphologi-
cal, and biochemical changes which occur following
exposures to the primary air pollutants, and these data
will be used to develop extrapolation models to predict
human pulmonary responses, (functional and morpho-
logical) to gases and particulates.
Animal, human clinical and epidemiology studies
will provide data to determine the extent to which the
primary air pollutants cause or exacerbate the develop-
ment of non-carcinogenic diseases. Effects are studied
in both healthy and sensitive (e.g., asthmatic) individu-
als. Biological endpoints to be examined include
development of cardiovascular or pulmonary disease,
aggravation of existing conditions, changes in bio-
chemistry and host defense mechanisms, and changes
in pulmonary structure or function. Emphasis is
currently placed on determining the acute and chronic
effects of O3, NO2, and acid aerosols.
The health effects data from this research program
are incorporated into EPA criteria documents which
are used to set and revise NAAQS.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Total Percent
Contact Funds($K) In-House
Ila Cote
Susan Perlin
12,601.7
32
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS)
This research provides scientific support of
NAAQS by determining the effects of ozone on
forests, with emphasis on species of economic impor-
tance. Selected forest species will undergo a range of
ozone exposure scenarios possibly experienced in the
forested regions of the United States. The ecophysi-
ological impacts of ozone will be studied in sensitive
tree species, and studies of the economic impact of
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ozone damage will continue on economically and
ecologically significant forest species. The research on
exposure scenarios and tree responses will be used to
assess the risk from ozone on major commercially
valuable forest tree species.
Office or
Laboratory
ERL/COR
OEPER/HQ
Contact
Bill Hogsett
Paul Ringold
Total Percent
Funds($K) In-House
2,394.2
0
40
0
Scientific
Assessment
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS)
The main objective of the NAAQS scientific
assessment program is to review and revise criteria
documents for sulfur oxides, paniculate matter,
nitrogen oxides, ozone and other photochemical
oxidants, carbon monoxide, and lead. Air Quality
Criteria Documents (AQCDs) are mandated by the
Clean Air Act and, as directed by the Act, are revised
at 5-year intervals. These documents are evaluations of
the available scientific information on the health and
welfare effects of criteria pollutants. As such, criteria
documents are the primary source of information used
by EPA regulatory decision makers in setting or
revising the NAAQS. Criteria document draft materials
are developed by EPA scientists and outside expert
consultants and are peer-reviewed by scientific experts
in public workshops. Subsequently, the document
drafts are revised and through announcements in the
Federal Register, the public is invited to comment on
the resulting external review drafts, which are also
reviewed in public meetings by the Clean Air Scien-
tific Advisory Committee (CASAC) of EPA's Science
Advisory Board. The final documents are submitted to
the Clean Air Docket and are published concurrently
with the proposed regulatory decisions. In FY92, final
editing and printing will be completed for the revised
Carbon Monoxide AQCD reviewed in draft form by
CASAC in May 1991. Also, public comments will be
received and analyzed with regard to the First External
Review Draft of a revised Nitrogen Oxides AQCD,
followed by CASAC review of that draft AQCD.
Work will also be initiated in FY92 on the develop-
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Air
ment plan for the Congressionally mandated periodic
review of criteria for paniculate matter and sulfur
oxides and database assembly/update efforts will
continue for acid aerosols, lead, and ozone. Lastly,
expert consultation and technology transfer concerning
criteria air pollutant issues will continue to be provided
in FY92 to support NAAQS development/revision by
EPA's Office of Air and Radiation, to assist EPA
Regions and States in dealing with local/regional air
pollution problems, and to support EPA international
activities on subjects related to the criteria air pollut-
ants.
Office or
Laboratory
ECAO/RTP
Contact
Lester Grant
Total Percent
Funds($K) In-House
1,874.9 57
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
New Source Performance Standards and
State Implementation Plans
This program provides scientific support on
atmospheric science and monitoring methodologies for
New Source Performance Standards (NSPSs) and State
Implementation Programs (SIPs) to assure attainment
and maintenance of NAAQS. As designated by the
1990 CAAA, a major study of ozone formation in the
Southeast (Southern Oxidant Study) was initiated with
Atlanta, GA, being the focus of much of the program
although other southern areas are involved. This study
will define factors which influence ozone non-attain-
ment including the role of biogenic emissions using
the Regional Oxidant Model (ROM) to determine the
impact of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and
NOx emissions on ozone control strategies. Data from
the *1988 Acid Deposition study is being used to
evaluate the Regional Paniculate Model. Additional
work includes the air dispersion modeling experiments
and testing and model development to modify existing
regulatory models (complex terrain), to support PM10
regulatory activities and to upgrade regional and urban
paniculate models. This program also provides meteo-
rological guidance and support to ORD laboratories
and other Agency offices as well as research and
development of ambient and source emission methods
for criteria pollutants including their precursors.
15
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Air
Ongoing work includes PM10 methods evaluations
including acid aerosol methods development.
To allow States to more easily evaluate SIP
revisions, a program will be initiated to incorporate or
nest the Urban Airshed Model (UAM) into the Re-
gional Oxidant Model (ROM), including the standard-
ization of the chemistry and transport modules. The
Agency will initiate a program to incorporate major
components of the ROM, the Regional Acid Deposi-
tion Model (RADM), and the Regional Paniculate
Model (RPM) into a new model, MODELS3, which
will include upgrades using the latest advances in
science and technology in atmospheric physics,
chemistry, and computing.
The Agency will modify or develop new source
monitoring methods for VOCs including continuous
monitoring. In addition, the Agency will increase its
quality assurance efforts with respect to the National
Performance Audit Program (NPAP) which addresses
the State and Local Monitoring Network (SLAMS). In
addition, the NPAP system will include SIP sites.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
AREAL/RTP John Clements 11,973 49
Jack Shreffler
Francis Schiermeier
EMSL/LV James McElroy 872 49
OMMSQA/HQ Dwight fflustick
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
New Source Performance Standards and
State Implementation Plans
Research is underway to improve emission
estimation methodologies for criteria pollutants and
their precursors and to evaluate and demonstrate
technologies and prevention approaches which reduce
emissions of VOCs, sulfur oxides (SO^), nitrogen
oxides (NO^), and paniculate matter (PM) from major
point and area sources including utility boilers,
industrial facilities, and consumer products. The
emissions methodologies research is designed to assist
states develop the comprehensive accurate emissions
inventories which, based on the 1990 CAAA, must be
submitted with SIPs and must be updated periodically.
16
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Air
Research to improve VOC emissions estimates for area
sources including solvents usage, off-highway vehicles,
and gasoline marketing operations is being developed.
Increased emphasis is being placed on validating these
new area source methodologies. Once validated, the
new methods will be used by OAQPS to provide
guidance to state and local authorities responsible for
preparing ozone and PM10 SIP inventories. The
control/prevention research is focused on innovative
control approaches for VOC area sources and SO,/NOx
controls for industrial facilities. ORD is assisting
OAQPS meet the CAAA mandate to establish criteria
for regulating VOC emissions from consumer and
commercial products. Evaluating and demonstrating
approaches to reduce VOCs emitted from non-process
related solvent usage is the initial priority. SOX
emission reduction research is focused on supporting a
pilot scale evaluation of the AD VACATE process at
TVA's 10 Mwe Shawnee plant. In-house research to
optimize the ADVACATE process, particularly sorbent
reactivity, is also being conducted to support the TV A
pilot scale demonstration. The NOx control program is
evaluating, developing, and demonstrating advanced
combustion modification and flue gas treatment
technologies including rebuming, selective catalytic
reduction, and non-selective catalytic reduction. There
is a renewed interest in advanced Nox controls due to
its impact on ozone non-attainment and its contribution
to visibility impairment, forest damage and its direct
health effects.
Office or
Laboratory
AEERL/RTP
Contact
Jim Abbott
Everett Plyler
OEETD/HQ Marshall Dick
Total Percent
Funds($K) In-House
2,433.5 59
280.0 90
Scientific
Assessment
Indoor Air Pollution Activities
EPA's indoor air research program is geared to
identify, characterize, and rank indoor air problems,
and to assess and implement appropriate mitigation
strategies. EPA's research and analytical activities will
pursue both source-specific and generic approaches to
17
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indoor air pollution. From a source-specific standpoint,
the Agency will identify high-risk pollutant sources
and characterize the exposures and health risks of
various populations to those sources. At the same time
the Agency will also pursue broad, cross-cutting
strategies to assess the total exposure of people to
indoor air pollutants and to develop mitigation strate-
gies that can address multiple pollutants simultaneously
through improved building design and management
techniques. Activities in FY92 in the area of scientific
assessment include the continued development of risk
characterization methodology to assess noncancer
health effects; develop and apply methods to assess
exposures to both single compounds and mixtures; and
continue comprehensive assessment of biocontaminants
found in indoor air.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
ECAO/RTP Michael Berry 479.1 39.0
Indoor Air Pollution Activities
Health Effects ^e 8°^ of ^ indoor air health effects research
program is to determine whether exposure to indoor air
pollution contributes or leads to adverse health effects.
Indoor air often contains higher levels of pollutants
than outdoor air. Most individuals spend over 80% of
their time indoors. Sensitive populations, e.g., children,
asthmatics, and the elderly, may be at higher risk from
exposure to indoor air pollution. Therefore, the
exposure, dose, and effects from indoor air pollution
need to be factored into the total risk assessment of air
pollution.
A balanced program involving studies with human
volunteers and laboratory animals will be maintained
to belter understand "sick building syndrome." The
approach to study the effects of indoor air is broad.
Work will continue on the evaluation of the dosimetry
and effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in
humans. Genetic bioassay studies of organics from
indoor air sources will be used to make comparisons
of the potential cancer risks form various sources.
Human clinical studies of VOCs will continue to be
conducted in chambers to determine effects related to
18
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the "sick building syndrome." Work will be conducted
to characterize people with multiple chemical sensitivi-
ties. This work will be critical to understanding the
physiological basis for multiple chemical sensitivity.
Work will start on exposing rodents to emissions from
consumer products, such as carpets.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
IlaCote
Susan Perlin
Total Percent
Funds($K) In-House
431.1
13
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Indoor Air Pollution Activities
Indoor air research consists of development and
testing of monitoring devices and the design and
implementation of field studies to identify and quanti-
tate pollutants indoors. This research supports investi-
gation of pollutant sources, human exposures and
health effects.
Methods development research investigates
monitoring devices for pollution monitoring levels in
homes. Results are used to produce information
regarding proper use (sample locations and sample
times) and performance limitations of these devices.
This research will continue to develop and test these
devices, especially personal monitors, in other microen-
vironments (buildings, vehicles, etc.).
Field studies to investigate spatial and temporal
variations in indoor air quality will be designed and
implemented in conjunction with an intensive review
of data needs. The program will emphasize research on
"sick building" where elevated levels of pollutants can
be observed and will characterize the major parameters
that influence indoor air quality. The research is
focusing on applying the building diagnostic and
measurement methods development over the past few
years on applications to studies of large buildings. The
results of these studies will be used in developing
guidance on the most effective design and operation of
large buildings to minimize human exposure to indoor
air pollutants. Studies developing and refining personal
and area exposure monitors are underway in order to
provide the best possible measurements of specific
pollutants. Finally, the Agency will initiate a program
19
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Air
to measure biocontamination of buildings through the
development of bioaerosol monitoring techniques.
Office or
Laboratory
AREAL/RTP
EMSL/CIN
OMMSQA/HQ
Total Percent
Contact Funds($K) In-House
Ross Highsmith 1,389 12
Alfred Dufour 611 27
Dwight fflustick
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
Indoor Air
Title IV of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986 requires the EPA
to establish a research program which includes R&D to
characterize and identify sources of indoor contami-
nants and to control these emissions through technolo-
gies or other mitigation measures. Both of these R&D
areas will be addressed under ORD's indoor air
research program. The source characterization research
program will evaluate emissions from a variety of
indoor sources and will collect data on compounds
emitted, emission rates of these compounds, emission
rate decay, and the interaction of source emissions with
indoor surfaces (i.e., sinks). Increased emphasis will be
placed on characterizing biocontaminant sources.
Characterization research includes: conducting chamber
studies to determine biocontaminant growth on indoor
surfaces; human exposure studies involving "real"
sources; large chamber test studies to develop methods
and emissions data for activity sources; and multiple
experiments involving sink materials and decaying
sources. Indoor air mitigation research will focus on
evaluating and demonstrating alternative IAQ ap-
proaches including source management, ventilation
strategies, and air cleaning devices for a variety of
indoor pollutants with increased emphasis on biocon-
taminants. Specific mitigation research includes:
development of methods for evaluating the effective-
ness of air cleaners to control biological pollutants;
initiation of work on evaluating air cleaners for large
commercial spaces; full scale material conditioning and
"bake-out" studies including evaluation of sink
adsorption/desorption behavior; and evaluations of the
effects of indoor temperature, humidity, and dust level
on biological pollutants.
20
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Air
Laboratory
AEERL/RTP
OEETD/HQ
Total Percent
Contact Funds($K) In-House
W. Gene Tucker
Marshall Dick
3,000.0 25
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Global Change Research and
Stratospheric Ozone Research
Concentrations of trace gases that may lead to
climate change are rapidly increasing in the atmo-
sphere, and model projections based on current trends
suggest an increase in global average temperature
during the next 40 to 60 years. Human activities have
increased the levels of emissions dramatically during
the last century and current activities are producing
emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocar-
bons, and other gases in increasing quantities. The
biosphere produces emissions of most of these same
gases and also serves as a sink for atmospheric carbon.
Unfortunately, the global carbon balance is not
"closed" such that global sources and sinks, and their
rates of change, are known. Rather, atmospheric
concentrations are measured, emissions are estimated,
and the future net rate of increase is inferred from
projections of current trends.
The EPA's mission is to protect human health and
the environment The impacts of global change
represent a significant threat to that mission. The
EPA's objectives on global change (including both
global climate and stratospheric ozone) are twofold.
First, the primary EPA objective is to protect and
maintain the Nation's environmental resources for
present and future generations. Second, to fulfill this
objective, a need exists to measure, evaluate, and
predict the ecological, environmental, and human-
health consequences of global change.
Thus, the EPA's Office of Research and Develop-
ment (ORD) has developed an effective research
strategy to fill major gaps in our national information
needs, to focus on uncertainties identified within the
U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP),
and to complement the many active research efforts on
climate change internationally.
The EPA/ORD plays critical scientific roles with
the USGCRP in developing predictive understanding of
21
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global change. Equally important, the EPA/ORD
research provides the scientific base for the EPA
program offices to develop global change response
strategies. Although the EPA/ORD effort is only two
percent of the total U.S. program, research funding has
been growing at the same rate as overall U.S. global
change funding.
The current emphases of the EPA Global Change
Research Program (GCRP) are on reducing emissions
of carbon, increasing capture and storage of carbon by
terrestrial systems, understanding the processes and
interactions of climate change, quantifying the effects
of climate change in the terrestrial system, and
predicting the impacts of future change. Future
initiatives are expected to broaden our ability to assess
(1) emissions of radiatively important trace gases, (2)
regional-scale impacts, (3) ecological effects, and (4)
carbon sequestration techniques—all of which will
increase our ability to develop effective management
strategies and policy decisions.
Another important research effort is the investiga-
tion of effects of decreasing stratospheric ozone that
allows increased ultraviolet flux (UV-B) at the earth's
surface. Research conducted under the Agency's
stratospheric ozone depletion program will continue on
terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, human health, and
on the atmospheric and biospheric transport and fate of
the proposed chlorofluorocarbon substitutes. Studies of
the effects of UV-B radiation on terrestrial ecosystems
will emphasize determining the relationship between
UV-B dose and other anthropogenic factors, such as
global climate change. Research will also stress UV-B
effects on the marine food web and biogeochemical
cycling. Support for the Vienna Convention for the
Protection of the Ozone Layer and the renegotiated
Montreal Protocol will continue, in cooperation with
other nations.
Although the EPA research effort represents only
two percent of the Federal program budget, the
Agency's effort is an integral part of U.S. research on
global change. The Office of Research and Develop-
ment is responding to the need for critical input in
making sound regulatory and policy decisions, and
specifically, credible scientific data so that we can
predict future change better, define effects more
accurately, and evaluate societal response options more
accurately. The EPA is committed to ensuring that
22
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U.S. policy fosters environmental protection, as well as
sustainable utilization of its natural resources. It is
recognized that human-induced climate change is
likely; however, the current predictions are uncertain,
the potential effects are poorly defined, and the
solutions are not readily available or apparent
The EPA GCRP began several years ago with the
recognition that there are intimate links between
human-induced changes in emissions of radiatively
important trace gases, changes in atmospheric chemis-
try, changes in climate, and impacts of the resultant
climatic and chemical environment on human society.
Thus, the GCRP initiated research to link these four
areas, not only to ensure strong links between the
specialized research areas, but also so that current
research within these areas would be of the type
needed both by other scientists and by policy makers.
The interaction of policy concerns and scientific
research embodied in the EPA GCRP requires that the
research products provide a scientific foundation for
policy development and analysis. Accomplishing this
depends not only on the quality of the research
performed in the GCRP, but on the ability of the
researchers to interpret their own results and the results
of other programs in light of environmental policy.
The EPA GCRP focuses on those scientific issues
that are the most relevant to policy formation, while
striving to maintain the proper balance of responsive-
ness to changes in policy directions and the scientific
flexibility to respond to new scientific questions as
they arise.
23
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Air
Office or
Laboratory
OEPER/HQS
AREAL
AEERL
ERL/ATH
ERL/COR
ERL/DUL
ERL/NARR
Contact
Robert C.
Worrest
Paul Ringold
Lowell Smith
Dennis Trout
Sharon LeDuc
Joe Sickles
Jim Abbott
Lee Mulkey
Lee Wolfe
Peter Beedlow
John Eaton
Hal Walker
Henry Lee II
Total Percent
Funds($K) In-House
26,000
25
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
Global Climate Change
As a result of increased national and international
concern regarding potential significant changes in
global climate, OEETD has expanded its program in
this area. The expanded global emissions research
includes development of global and regional emission
factors, activities, and functions for anthropogenic and
biogenic sources of radiatively important trace gases.
The OEETD will support ORD's research on evaluat-
ing the enhancement of the terrestrial biosphere as a
CO? sink; emphasis will be on assessing biomass
utilization options.
Office or
Laboratory
AEERL/RTP
OEETD/HQ
Contact
Dick Stern
Marshall Dick
Total Percent
Funds($K) In-House
4,720
0
10
0
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Clean Air Act Amendments
With respect to the Attainment of Air Quality
Standards, research includes ozone epidemiology
studies, studies on regional visibility and haze, ozone
ecosystem effects studies, and additional health criteria
assessments. Additional support for SIPS and new
24
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Air
source standards include the development of improved
emission inventory methods, improvements in the
ROM as well as additional applications initiation of
the development of a more advanced model incorporat-
ing previous models (MODELS3), additional ambient
and source monitoring methods development for O3
and its precursors and other pollutants, and engineering
efforts to develop and evaluate techniques for the
control of VOCs and NO^. Air toxics studies include
additional risk studies for air toxics in support of
CAAA as well as studies and measurement methods
for area-wide and point source determinations, and
Great Waters toxic deposition studies. Mobile source
studies are concentrating on risks from alternate fuels
including atmospheric transformation studies as well as
human exposure studies to formaldehyde and other
compounds. The acid deposition program includes
demonstrations of NOx control approaches, updating
emission inventory methodologies, aquatic effects
monitoring in sensitive regions, forest effects monitor-
ing in select high elevation areas, and visibility
monitoring in nonclass I areas including eastern United
States.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
OMMSQA/HQ D. fflustick 19,652.1 10
AREAL/RTP J. Clements
EMSIVLV J. McElroy
OEPER/COR T. Murphy
HERL/RTP Ila Cote
ECAO/RTP Les Grant
ECAO/CINN C. Sonich-Mullin
OHEA/HAG C. Ris
OHEA/EAG M. Callahan
AEERL/RTP F. Princiotta
Health Effects Institute
Health Effects A significant part of the health effects research on
mobile source emissions is conducted through the
Congressionally mandated Health Effects Institute
(HEI). HEI is jointly sponsored by EPA, through
extramural funding, and the automobile industry to
25
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Air
perform research on the health effects of pollutants
related to mobile sources.
The research focuses on various mobile source-
related pollutants, including carbon monoxide, oxidants
(ozone and nitrogen dioxide), diesel exhaust and
alternative fuels such as methanol. Important areas of
health research conducted by HEI include: develop-
ment and use of biological markers; identification and
characterization of susceptible populations; determina-
tion of dose to target tissue; assessment of susceptibil-
ity to infection; examination of mechanisms of injury
and/or disease; and evaluation of neurotoxicological
and behavioral effects. HEI is expanding its research
on the health effects of alternative fuels by sponsoring
several methanol inhalation studies in rats and mon-
keys that focus on metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and
behavioral developmental effects of offspring exposed
in utero.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Total Percent
Contact Funds($K) In-House
Ila Cote 3,000.0
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Deposition Monitoring and Understanding
Atmospheric Processes
The current research program includes: (1) The
continued development of improved methods for
estimating area and point source emissions. This
includes the development of improved data collection
procedures at the sources, States and EPA as well as
improved data quality assurance procedures; (2) The
maintenance of emission projection models specific to
major source categories. These models are used to
analyze emission management strategies; (3) Comple-
tion of the joint U.S./Canadian evaluation of the
RADM along with the Canadian ADOM model; (4)
Use of RADM to: optimize CAAA program implemen-
tation through forecasting the effects of emissions
trading, coal moratoriums, and related interstate issues;
extrapolating site-specific deposition monitoring data
for baseline trends determinations; supporting
interprogram effects of instituting controls on VOCs
and oxidants along with acid deposition; (5) Merging
26
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Air
of RADM and ROM modeling capabilities, enhance-
ment of nitrogen chemistry components, building a
comprehensive modeling system to study urban and
regional oxidant, nitrogen, and air toxic issues; and (6)
Downscaling the RADM model to desk top versions
for use by Regional and State offices as well as other
sources.
The existing monitoring system for wet and dry
deposition will be expanded and upgraded as specified
by the 1990 CAAA to meet spatial and temporal trend
detection needs. New monitoring will also be initiated
to determine visibility trends in the eastern half of the
U.S. Finally, a long term program to study the effects
of wet and dry deposition on stone and metals will be
initiated.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
AREAL/RTP Jim Vickery 6,160 9
OMMSQA/HQ Dwight Hlustick
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
Energy
The goal of the Multimedia Energy research and
development program is to provide EPA Program and
Regional Offices, Federal, State, and local govern-
ments, and industry with the scientific information to
guide the development and utilization of energy
resources in an environmentally acceptable manner.
The major objective is to support implementation of
the acid rain provisions contained in Title IV of the
1990 CAAA including demonstrating innovative
technologies (Limestone Injection Multistage Burner,
LIMB) to reduce acid rain precursors (NOx and SOx).
Equipment installation for the Yorktown LIMB
demonstration will be completed with the unit avail-
able to begin testing in January 1992. During the rest
of the fiscal year, optimization and performance testing
of the system will be conducted. In addition, labora-
tory development work on improved sorbents, reactiva-
tion of sorbents and other general support to the LIMB
processes will be conducted.
27
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Air
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
AEERL/RTP Mike Maxwell 3,318.6 30
OEETD/HQ Marshall Dick 200 77
28
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Drinking Water
Health Effects
Scientific
Assessment
Health Effects of Drinking Water
Contaminants
This research program provides dose-response data
on organic and inorganic contaminants found in
drinking water. In addition, lexicological methods are
developed and validated for the purpose of improving
the relevance of toxicological data to regulatory issues
and to improve the risk characterization process.
Research will focus on determining the health
effects resulting from exposure to chlorine and ozone
disinfectants and their by-products. Work will be done
to improve methods for extrapolating health effects
research data in order to assess the risks associated
with simultaneous exposure to multiple chemicals in
binary and complex mixtures. Epidemiology studies on
the relationship between disinfectants and cancer, and
disinfectant use and waterborne infectious disease will
be conducted.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
HERL/RTP JackFowle 4,776.7 33
OHR/HQ Rebecca Calderon
Health Effects of Drinking Water
Contaminants
Development of national drinking water and health
advisory guidance given to the States requires an
assessment of the potential hazard to human health
from exposure to chemicals in drinking water. The
health assessments prepared under this program take
the form of both criteria documents and health adviso-
ries. These documents are comprehensive reviews of
the health effects associated with exposure to contami-
nants in drinking water. They specifically evaluate the
relevant scientific data describing the physical and
chemical properties, the pharmacokinetics, the toxicity
and carcinogenicity in animals and humans, and the
mechanisms of toxicity. The health assessments are
prepared for various chemicals as requested by EPA's
Office of Science and Technology (OST). This risk
assessment process enables OST to establish a Maxi-
mum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG), representing a
29
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Drinking Water
level designed to preclude the risk of an adverse effect
on human health.
Office or
Laboratory
ECAO/CIN
Contact
Linda R. Papa
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
902.8
71.2
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Ground Water Research
Geophysical research will be conducted for
mapping and monitoring fluid movement from injec-
tion wells; for detecting near-surface contamination
from abandoned wells and movement along fracture
zones; and, for the evaluation of seismic hazards
associated with the underground injection process. In
support of EPA's Wellhead Protection Program,
guidance on monitoring system design will be devel-
oped. Additional research will involve the quantifica-
tion of the spatial characteristics of pollutants in
drinking water and the application of modeling
techniques to assist in groundwater quality sampling
decisions, including methods for using the Geographic
Information System (GIS) for enhancing data manage-
ment and analyses.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
EMSL/LV Robert Snelling
OMMSQA/HQ Bill Stelz
508.6
37
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Ground Water
Ground water is a major source of drinking water
for the nation. This research program provides both
technical information and improved methods for
predicting contamination movement and transforma-
tion. The research focuses on methods development for
studies of subsurface transport and fate processes such
as biological transformation, oxidation-reduction,
hydrolysis, and ion exchange. Facilitated transport
research will address complex mixtures processes such
30
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Drinking Water
as multiphase transport and solvent composition effects
on sorption.
Field evaluation of techniques for determining the
mechanical integrity and adequacy of construction of
injection wells will occur.
Methods will be developed for delineating well-
head protection areas, incorporating multiple sources of
pollution into wellhead protection models, and for
performing risk assessments in wellhead protection
areas.
A new program entitled Midwest Agrichemical
Surface/Subsurface Transport and Effects Research
(MASTER) will be implemented. This is a cooperative
effort with USD A and USGS. The research will
evaluate how agricultural management practices affect
our ecological resources with a goal towards optimiz-
ing the ecological health of agricultural watersheds.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
RSKERL/ADA James McNabb 3,326.9 38
OEPER/HQ Barbara Levinson 1,348.7 25
ERL/ATH LeeMulkey 654.3 12
ERL/COR Robert Lackey 343.5 5
ERL/DUL Nelson Thomas 343.8 6
EMSL/LV JoeD'Lugosz 575.0 0
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
Drinking Water Technology
This program supports the revisions in the Na-
tional Drinking Water Standards. Technology perfor-
mance and cost data, to support maximum contaminant
standards under the Safe Drinking Water Act and its
Amendments, is obtained through ongoing treatment
research and evaluations.
Focus is on treatment to control physical and
chemical contaminants and microbiological contamina-
tion. Research in treatment technology addresses
removal of: disinfection by-products and their precur-
sors, inorganic contaminants, maintaining water quality
in the distribution system, and developing supporting
cost data.
Major treatment occurrence issues include:
31
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Drinking Water
Assessing formation mechanisms and condi-
tions for disinfection by-products.
Evaluating control techniques for the by-
products.
Developing and evaluating technology for
small systems, including point-of-use/point-of-
entry treatment device evaluation.
Evaluating alternative disinfection processes.
Evaluating technology on corrosion of lead
and copper.
Investigations into means of reducing lead in
hard and soft drinking water.
Evaluation of point-of-entry systems for radon
removal and inactivation of cryptosporidium
oocysts.
Developing cost information for treatment
processes and entire systems. Evaluations will
also be made of the tradeoffs in planning for
rehabilitation of older water systems.
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
Contact
Robert Clark
Don Tang
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
2,017.7
63
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Drinking Water Technology
This program conducts research to develop and
standardize the technically and economically feasible
analytical methods needed to monitor chemical and
microbiological contaminants in drinking water. To
ensure that data of known quality are obtained,
chemical and biological quality control and reference
materials are made available, and semiannual labora-
tory performance evaluations of Agency, state, munici-
pal, and utility laboratories are conducted. Analytical
methods are evaluated through single- and
multilaboratory methods validation studies. In support
of the monitoring laboratory certification program,
formal training courses are conducted, and each of the
ten regional laboratories is evaluated through an on-site
visit at least once every three years.
32
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Drinking Water
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
EMS1VCIN Thomas Clark 2,788.6 62
EMSL/LV Robert Snelling 259.9 51
OMMSQA/HQ BUI Stelz
33
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Water Quality
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Water Quality Based Approach/Permitting
The monitoring research program develops and
standardizes methods to identify and measure chemical
and biological pollutants and to determine the biologi-
cal integrity of ecosystems. To ensure that data of
known and acceptable quality are acquired, quality
assurance support is provided in the form of quality
control and reference materials, biological sampling
guidelines, method performance criteria, and semian-
nual laboratory performance audits. Research seeks to
improve the sensitivity of chemical methods for
measuring toxic chemicals in water and sediment.
Biological methods are developed to screen ambient
waters and sediments for chronic and acute toxicologi-
cal effects of pollutants. Research is conducted to
develop procedures that use bioindicators of exposure
to environmental contaminants rather than identifying
and measuring specific substances as contaminants.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
EMSL/CIN Gerald McKee 2,352.0 78
OMMSQA/HQ Bill Stelz
Scientific
Assessment
Water Quality Based Approach/Permitting
EPA's overall research program with regard to
water emphasizes development of the scientific and
technical base to help States develop site-specific
standards and to conduct use-attainability analyses. The
scientific assessment program will provide guidance
for determining risk of adverse human health effects
from exposure to mixtures of toxic chemicals, and will
evaluate site-specific health hazards as required by the
States and EPA. As a part of this effort, EPA develops
the specific risk assessments which are used as
benchmark guidance to the States.
Office or
Laboratory
ECAO/CIN
Contact
Linda R. Papa
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
283.6
79.8
34
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Water Quality
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Water Quality Based Approach/Permitting
A water quality-based approach to pollution
control provides for correction of ambient water
quality problems that remain after mandated pollution
control technology (e.g., secondary treatment, effluent
guidelines) is in place. This requires the ability to
translate water quality standards into specific effluent
conditions and discharge limitations for municipalities
and industries. Research will be undertaken to provide
the necessary information and scientific tools, includ-
ing: water quality criteria development/modification;
sediment quality assessment techniques; wasteload
allocation techniques; and complex effluent testing
procedures. Research on the water quality functions of
wetlands, and cumulative effects of wetlands loss and
the impacts of mitigation of wetlands will also be
conducted to support the Agency's "No-Net-Loss" of
wetlands policy.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
ERL/ATH Robert Swank 1,076.1 67
ERL/COR Tom Murphy 2,308.2 20
ERL/DUL Nelson Thomas 4,219.8 57
ERL/NARR Norbert Jaworski 2,153.8 57
ERL/GB Raymond Wilhour 170.1 0
OEPER/HQ ChiehWu 977.4 78
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Technology
Research supports the Agency in implementation
of technology-based effluent limitation regulations and
modification of enforcement activities as required by
water quality-based permit adjustments. Methods are
developed and standardized to provided technically and
economically feasible methods to determine regulated
organic and inorganic contaminants and to ensure that
biological limits are not exceeded. In support of the
National Pollution Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) program, performance characteristics (accu-
racy, precision, and detection limits) of available
methods for high priority industrial wastewater
pollutants are determined through single and
35
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Water Quality
multilaboratory evaluations: when necessary, method
deficiencies are corrected or new methods development
research is initiated. The research program supports
NPDES quality assurance by designing and providing a
source of calibration, quality control, and reference
materials required for both chemical and biological
methods. Through the annual Discharge Monitoring
Report Quality Assurance (DMRQA) study, perfor-
mance evaluation studies are conducted to ensure that
acceptable data are acquired by some 7,000 major
NPDES permittees.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
EMSL/CIN Gerald McKee
OMMSQA/HQ Bill Stelz
793.1
73
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
Wastewater Treatment Technology
The wastewater technology research program
provides the technical information and engineering
assistance needed to develop and implement the
regulations and guidance for disposal of sludge and
control of pollution from municipal treatment plants to
bring plants into compliance with state discharge
permits. This program also provides the research in
industrial wastewater characterization and control
technology needed to support the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System. The program focuses
on stormwater and combined sewer overflow, espe-
cially on toxic aspect, and best conventional technol-
ogy and best available technology limitations in
industrial wastewaters. Design, cost and performance
information for sludge stabilization, pathogen reduc-
tion, and dewatering processes will be proved to
support sludge regulation implementation and refine-
ment Emphasis is also on supporting the new
wastewater treatment technologies development and
infrastructure protection, particularly with regard to
small communities.
36
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Water Quality
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
Contact
Subhas Sikdar
Don Tang
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
1,398.7
40
Scientific
Assessment
Wastewater Treatment Technology
The scientific assessment program provides human
risk assessment methodologies for chemicals and
pathogens in support of regulatory decision making on
the use and disposal of municipal sludge. Numerical
criteria and/or management practices for pollutants in
sludge are developed based on the human risk assess-
ment methodologies. The use and disposal options are
landfilling, land application (including distribution and
marketing), incineration, disposal, and surface im-
poundment.
Office or
Laboratory
ECAO/CIN
Contact
Linda R. Papa
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
405.6
34.7
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Wastewater Treatment Technology
This research will identify and determine distribu-
tion of unlisted chemicals in industrial wastewaters.
Compounds that can be identified by empirical mass
spectra matching as well as those that elude identifica-
tion by this technique will be included. This research
will also study the biological functions of constructed
wetlands in the treatment of wastewater from small
communities and acid mine drainage.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
ERL/ATH William Donaldson 153.3 100
ERL/COR Richard Olson 85.4 0
ERL/DUL William Sanville 90.4 0
OEPER/HQ Chieh Wu
37
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Water Quality
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Marine, Estuaries, and Lakes
This program has three components: ocean
disposal, coastal waters, and Great Lakes.
To support ocean disposal permit decisions, there
is a need to provide decision makers with rationale and
procedures which are scientifically sound. These
should provide guidance for the acquisition of informa-
tion and the interpretation of this information to
support ocean disposal permit decisions. Under the
ocean disposal research program, emphasis will be
given to the development and testing of procedures to
better evaluate the impacts of ocean disposal actions;
development of procedures to satisfy monitoring needs
for permit, surveillance, and hazard assessment
application; and development of procedures for
predicting the bioaccumulation of contaminants and
evaluation of the significance of bioaccumulation
processes, resultant tissue residues and biological
effects.
Methods for better source control decisions in the
NPDES and construction grants program are needed
for estuaries and near coastal waters. Emphasis will be
given to the development/testing of biomarker assess-
ment methods, development of wasteload allocation
models for estuaries, and studies of ecosystem recov-
ery.
The Great Lakes research program will measure,
describe and predict the distribution, movement, fate,
and effects of toxic substances in nearshore "areas of
concern" identified by the US/Canada Water Quality
Agreement Research will also be conducted on the
impact of introduced, non-indigenous species on in-situ
ecosystems water quality. Emphasis will be given to
problems involving in-place pollutants and mass
balance modeling. This program will also provide the
International Joint Commission (IJC), the Great Lakes
National Program Office (GLNPO), EPA Regions and
Great Lakes states with technical support and research
data synthesis related to activities under the US/Canada
Water Quality Agreement.
38
-------
Water Quality
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
ERL/NARR Norbert Jaworski 3,271.8 83
ERL/GB Rod Parish 101.4 100
ERL/DUL Oilman Veith 4,380.1 10
OEPER/HQ Steve Cordle 40.8 0
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Marine, Estuaries, and Lakes
The aim of this program is to develop, evaluate,
and validate standardized chemical, biological and
microbiological methods for the determination of
contaminants and biological integrity in marine,
estuarine and other salt water matrices. The near-
coastal areas of the U.S. are economically some of our
richest and most sensitive ecosystems.
Currently, EPA does not have standardized
methods and reference materials for monitoring,
assessment and regulation of chemical constituents and
pollutants in marine and estuarine waters and sedi-
ments.
Available methods will be reviewed for applicabil-
ity in marine and estuarine environments and revised
as necessary. Methods not applicable will be modified
or new methods development initiated, as needed,
using state-of-the-art technology. Ongoing methods
development activities and plans for new methods
research will be reviewed and modified, if appropriate,
to include marine and estuarine methods. Research will
be conducted to determine the applicability of existing
materials for use as quality control and performance
evaluation samples.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
Total Percent
Funds($K) In-House
EMSL/CIN Thomas Clark
OMMSQA/HQ Bill Stelz
573.8
68
39
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Hazardous Waste
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
Alternate Technologies
The treatment program examines both existing and
emerging alternative techniques for treating or detoxi-
fying hazardous materials. Emphasis continues to be
placed on those waste streams which will be banned
from land disposal facilities.
Research and demonstration of existing and
emerging technologies will be conducted for those
waste streams assigned high priority by the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER),
waste streams which are difficult to cost-effectively
treat by available technology, and waste streams with
high potential for hazardous air emissions. Emphasis
will be on characterization and pilot-scale testing of
newly listed hazardous waste streams. Assistance in
the review of permits for alternative technologies and
project monitoring for evaluation of such technologies
will be provided. Other types of information transfer
activities such as workshops, seminars, and guidance
documents will be prepared in conjunction with the
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
Contact
R. Hill
S. Sikdar
H. Freeman
B. Krishnan
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
2,644
215
20
50
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Alternate Technologies
New emphasis is being placed on research for
developing bioremediation technologies specifically
applicable to Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) hazardous wastes. This major program will
complement ongoing studies being conducted for
Superfund sites but will emphasize biological treatment
of known industrial chemicals rather than of complex
mixtures. Studies here will be directed at improving
the base of scientific knowledge as it applies to
optimizing the application of in-situ bioremediation.
Improvements in the contact between the microorgan-
isms and the chemicals to be degraded, and in the
delivery to the subsurface of nutrients and environmen-
40
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Hazardous Waste
tal amendments, such as oxygen, will assure maximum
viability and efficacy. All extramural monies will be
expended by the participating laboratories subject to
final planning actions.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
RSKERL/ADA John T. Wilson 12.2 100.0
ERL/ATH Rosemarie Russo 14.1 100.0
ERL/GB HapPritchard 20.8 100.0
OEPER/HQ Will C. LaVeille 1,211.6 0.0
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
Incineration
The incineration research program focjises on the
problem areas of organic destruction and metals
partitioning and industries characterizing performance
of existing thermal technologies; developing methods
of rapid cost-effective compliance monitoring of these
facilities; characterizing the products of incomplete
combustion and their formation and destruction and
control conditions; and developing methods to predict
performance to avoid process failure and control
process reliability. In addition, technical assistance on
specific regulatory or remediation requirements is
provided. The research is conducted at laboratory-,
pilot-, and full-scale operations which simulate actual
incineration/boilers/kilns. Pilot-scale facilities are
located at Research Triangle Park and Jefferson,
Arkansas. The hypotheses from this program are
verified in full-scale field tests. The program examines
conventional incineration as well as high temperature
industrial processes.
Research on the incineration of municipal waste
will also be conducted to determine the effectiveness
of the process in destroying the hazardous components
of the waste and to determine the characteristics of the
ash produced.
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/CIN
AEERL/RTP
OEETD/HQ
Contact
C. Dempsey
R. Hall
B. Krishnan
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
873
300
50
33
100
100
41
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Hazardous Waste
Health Effects
Incineration
Research on this issue focuses on improving the
assessment of risks from emissions and residuals of
hazardous waste management practices, especially
incineration. Current efforts are focused on research to
explore the relationship between exposure to disposed
incineration residuals containing metals and dose to
target tissues. This pharmacokinetics research improves
our understanding of the principles governing dosim-
etry of metals for risk assessment
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
Robert Dyer
Thomas Miller
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
748.7
42
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
Land Disposal
With regard to land disposal, synthetic and clay
liners will be studied and the effectiveness of alterna-
tive closure and monitoring procedures for surface
impoundments will be investigated. Technical Resource
Documents will be updated for use by regional and
state agencies for permitting hazardous waste disposal
facilities and for enforcing applicable regulations. This
program will update documents for disposal facility
design, operation, maintenance, and closure.
Research is also being conducted to characterize
air emissions from hazardous waste treatment, storage,
and disposal facilities and to assess methods to control
them.
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
Contact
R. Landreth
B. Krishnan
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
797
50
31
100
42
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Hazardous Waste
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
Pollution Prevention
The Pollution Prevention Research Program
(PPRP) supports the development and demonstration of
low and non-waste production technologies, and
encourages the development of products that do not
present environmental problems relevant to their
manufacture, use, and disposal. The overall goal of the
program is to support the adoption of techniques and
technologies that result in the elimination of pollution
at the source of its production, as opposed to control-
ling pollution through increasingly stringent treatment
options.
Major elements of the program include a program
to demonstrate innovative waste reduction technologies
carried out in cooperation with state and local waste
reduction programs, a program to encourage the
adoption of pollution prevention techniques in other
federal agencies, and a program to encourage the use
of waste minimization assessments to identify waste
reduction opportunities at industrial sites. This last
program has produced a generic assessment manual
and pollution prevention guides in seven industries.
Future activities under the PPRP will highlight
socioeconomic studies, anticipatory research to identify
future opportunities for pollution prevention strategies,
and technology transfer.
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
Contact
H. Freeman
B. Krishnan
Total Percent
Funds ($K) ID-House
2,400
300
0
0
Health Effects
Municipal Solid Waste
Research on the potential carcinogenic and non-
carcinogenic health effects of emissions and residues
from municipal waste combustion (MWQ will focus
on the following objectives: Perform a comparative
assessment of the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of
the emission products from MWC in comparison to
other industrial and residential combustion sources.
Identify the principal mutagenic/carcinogenic chemicals
in MWC emissions by using bioassay-directed chemi-
cal characterization. Support the evaluation of engi-
43
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Hazardous Waste
neering and control technology parameters to deter-
mine operational conditions which will minimize risk.
Evaluate the toxicity of MWC emissions, collected
after dilution, in in vivo target cell bioassays and short-
term in vivo assays.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
Robert Dyer
Thomas Miller
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
643.9
49
Scientific
Assessment
Municipal Solid Waste
A user-friendly computer programmed program-
mer's guide will be developed for the methodology for
assessing health risks associated with indirect exposure
to combustor emissions. The method will also be used
in several test cases. Available information on potential
hazards from various waste management options will
be surveyed and compiled for use in developing a
methodology for comparative risk assessment
Office or
Laboratory
ECAO/CIN
Total Percent
Contact Funds ($K) In-House
Lynn Papa 658
Cindy Sonich-Mullin
30.1
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
Municipal Solid Waste
ORD is expanding research in municipal solid
waste (MSW) management Research will focus on
techniques for improving strategic planning, source
reduction recycling and improving long-term perfor-
mance of land disposal units. MWC research will
continue to provide the scientific bases for air emission
regulations; evaluation of mercury emissions, CDD/
CDF formation and gas and heterogenous phase
organic pollutant reaction; and assess potential effects
of materials recovery on MWC processes. MWC
residue research will emphasize the environmental
effects of using the residues as useful products, sources
of toxic constituents in MSW that affect residue
characteristics, and speciation of Ihe toxic constituents
44
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Hazardous Waste
in the ashes. MITE, ORD's program to demonstrate
and evaluate innovative technologies for improving
municipal solid waste, will focus on demonstrating
processes for converting secondary materials into
useful commercial products.
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/CIN
AEERIVRTP
OEETD/HQ
Contact
R. Landreth
R. Hall
B. Krishnan
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
2,600
980
735
35
35
100
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Municipal Solid Waste Monitoring
Support is provided to the Office of Solid Waste
(OSW) to improve the siting and monitoring of
municipal waste combustion disposal facilities and to
identify key groundwater monitoring issues pertaining
to municipal waste combustion ash disposal facilities.
The 1984 amendments to RCRA require the EPA
to revise where necessary the criteria for Subtitle D
facilities, however, technical information in the
monitoring area is needed to support regulatory
development Further, in many coastal areas, municipal
disposal facilities are located in or near wet environ-
ments, posing special environmental problems. Ques-
tions concerning the environmental adequacy of
municipal waste combustion disposal are delaying the
construction of needed combustion disposal capacity.
Existing data on leachate characteristics and
ground-water contamination around types of Subtitle D
facilities and municipal waste combustion ash monofils
are being collected on a continuous basis and evalu-
ated. Ground-water monitoring parameters for ash
landfills will be developed. Potential indicators of
biological contamination will be identified.
Wet environments will receive special emphasis
with an evaluation of siting practices relative to wet
environments being conducted. Methods for monitoring
in or near wet environments are being evaluated.
Existing published and unpublished environmental
monitoring data for environmental impacts of monofil
and co-disposal ash disposal facilities are being
identified and evaluated. Existing municipal waste
combustion disposal facilities sites are being character-
45
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Hazardous Waste
ized and evaluated. Monitoring and site characteriza-
tion guidance and an expert system for permit writers
will be developed.
Office or
laboratory
Contact
Total Percent
Funds($K) In-House
EMSL/LV Eugene Meier
OMMSQA/HQ Ken Sala
483.9
11
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Waste Characterization
Regulation of hazardous wastes in the most cost-
effective manner requires methods and data for
predicting toxicity of waste materials and evaluating
the concentrations of these materials at some point of
exposure, and then integrating these methods for
different media into single evaluation techniques which
incorporate uncertainty into the predictions.
ERL/Duluth is developing procedures and data to
evaluate waste characteristics and closure criteria for
impacts on aquatic habitats and life forms. Methods
are being developed for assessing effects of waste
mixtures and constituents on aquatic organisms and on
habitats. Protocols for applying these approaches to
field sites are being generated.
Providing field-evaluated methods and data to
predict and remediate the concentrations of hazardous
chemicals in the subsurface environment from the
treatment, storage, or disposal of wastes is the thrust of
the program at RSKERL/Ada. Physical, chemical, and
biological processes that govern the transport rate,
transformation, and fate of wastes are evaluated and
their mechanisms are described in mathematical
models. These, in turn, are evaluated through field
experiments and their applicability is demonstrated in
closure and/or corrective actions at hazardous waste
sites.
Integrated, multimedia methods and data are being
developed by ERL/Athens for implementing waste
management decisions and evaluating waste manage-
ment, treatment, and disposal systems based on
potential human health and environmental impacts.
Probabilistic techniques are developed and used to
address uncertainty. The various media models are
46
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Hazardous Waste
coupled to produce both screening-level and more site-
specific multimedia exposure assessment packages.
ERL/Corvallis is evaluating the biological hazard
associated with contaminated soils, water, and sedi-
ments and is determining the bioavailability (including
uptake, translocation, and metabolism) of hazardous
chemicals by plants and animals. Multimedia protocols
are being tested and field validated in various environ-
mental settings at waste and spill sites.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
ERL/DUL Philip M. Cook 580.5 94.0
RSKERL/ADA James F. McNabb 3,011.0 41.2
ERL/ATH Rosemarie Russo 2,195.7 29.0
ERL/COR Anne Fairbrother 316.6 67.2
OEPER/HQ Will C. LaVeille 443.9 85.8
Scientific
Assessment
Waste Characterization
Chemical-specific health and environmental effects
documents are being prepared to support RCRA 3001
listing decisions. Support is also being provided to the
Office of Solid Waste (OSW) in the form of reference
dose documentation. Assessment methods are being
refined, such as microcomputer-assisted risk assess-
ment tools.
Office or
Laboratory
ECAO/CIN
Contact
Bruce Peirano
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
1,743
54.2
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Quality Assurance
To ensure that the data on which regulations and
enforcement are based are accurate, quality control
(QC) samples will be provided to EPA contractor,
state, and local laboratories conducting RCRA monitor-
ing. Calibration standards will also be provided for
Appendix IX compounds to EPA contractor, state, and
local laboratories. Natural matrix, liquid, and solid
performance evaluation samples will be developed and
47
-------
Hazardous Waste
distributed to RCRA contractors, EPA, and state
laboratories conducting RCRA hazardous waste
analyses. Performance evaluation (PE) materials that
contain the pollutants of interest at the levels encoun-
tered in the environment will be developed. Statistical
data on the laboratory evaluations will be reported to
the OSW. Referee laboratory analyses on all RCRA
samples will be conducted. Traceability to National
Institute for Standards and Technology for Performance
Evaluation (PE), Quality Control (QC), and method
validation study samples prepared for RCRA monitor-
ing activities will be provided.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
EMSIVCIN William Budde 451.0 16
EMSL/LV Eugene Meier 476.3 36
AREAL/RTP William Mitchell 148.8 49
OMMSQA/HQ Ken Sala 300.0 100
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Releases
In order to determine whether underground storage
tanks (UST) containing hazardous wastes are leaking,
evaluation of basic leak detection monitoring methods
for outside an UST will be conducted. This will
include: the establishment of candidate performance
criteria for several classes of monitoring techniques;
the development of test protocols for determination of
the performance criteria; and testing of the "most
promising" leak detection methods to validate the test
procedure and to establish that instrumentation pres-
ently exists which can meet the candidate performance
criteria.
Network design for the placement of leak detec-
tion devices will focus on the excavation zone around
tanks with emphasis on vapor monitoring. However,
monitoring in the saturated zone and in native soils
will also be considered.
New technologies for leak detection monitoring,
such as fiber optics and geochemical sensors, will be
evaluated. Methods for monitoring underground storage
tanks will be developed and validated, with emphasis
on monitoring during bioremediation, soil venting and
passive remediation.
48
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Hazardous Waste
The Clean Water Act (Section 311) mandates that
Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC)
plans be prepared for all facilities engaged in the
production, storage, processing, and distribution of
hazardous materials. The Office of Modeling, Monitor-
ing Systems and Quality Assurance (OMMSQA)
provides remote sensing support. EPA regional offices
for SPCC surveys, planning and emergency response
activities.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
EMSL/LV Eugene Meier
OMMSQA/HQ Ken Sala
Total Percent
Funds($K) Iii-House
1,444.6 26
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Releases
Within this activity, research is conducted to
address evaluation of cleanup techniques for unplanned
releases of hazardous wastes, i.e., the determination of
the applicability and cost-effectiveness of in-situ
reclamation techniques for unsaturated-zone and
ground-water contamination resulting from leaking
underground storage tanks and other hazardous waste
sources.
At RSKERL/Ada, coordinated laboratory and field
tests of biological, physical, and chemical methods,
previously tried at hazardous waste sites, are being
conducted to determine their cost and applicability to
cleanup of pollutants from leaking underground storage
tanks.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
RSKERL/ADA James F. McNabb
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
85.7 100
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
Releases
Underground storage tank (UST) research is
evaluating prevention, detection, and corrective action
technologies to identify cost-effective, reliable tech-
niques and equipment for USTs. Early work is produc-
ing state-of-the-art documents for each type of
49
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Hazardous Waste
technology. The primary focus of ongoing work is
corrective action technologies and the targeting of high
potential technologies for improved performance. Best
engineering practices for leak prevention, the detection
of leaks, corrective action, and site cleanup will be
documented.
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
Contact
J. Farlow
R. Nalesnik
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
967
50
50
100
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Waste Identification
To improve procedures to characterize wastes for
listing under RCRA, research will be conducted to
develop methods for characterizing and detecting
particular wastes and providing criteria for determining
if those wastes constitute a potential hazard. The lack
of standardized methods emphasizes the immediate
need for a comprehensive program to assure that data
of known quality are being collected. Methods will be
tested for application to highly toxic wastes in soil and
sediments, for detection of organics in the ambient air
of waste disposal facilities, and for determining the
reactions of wastes in all media. Evaluation and
revisions of the analytical methods contained in the
SW-846 document are being conducted.
Techniques for field monitoring of waste sites will
be improved, including statistics for sampling design
and for sample handling. RCRA land disposal regula-
tions require the establishment of a groundwater
monitoring program at most facilities, including
detection and compliance of saturated and vadose zone
monitoring. Of particular importance is subsurface
monitoring of sites and investigation of new techniques
for monitoring soils, and biota, ambient air, and waste
incineration emissions. Methods will be developed to
detect trace metals in groundwater, ambient, and
sludges.
Efforts will be directed toward validating waste
incinerator test methods for principle organic hazardous
constituents from waste incinerator stacks. Validated
methods for continuous monitoring of carbon monox-
50
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Hazardous Waste
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
ide and hydrochloric acid emissions from incinerators
will be developed.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
EMSL/CIN William Budde 629.5 57
EMSL/LV Eugene Meier 4,418.6 34
AREAL/RTP William Mitchell 513.6 31
OMMSQA/HQ Ken Sala
Development of Techniques and
Procedures to Prevent and Contain
Oil Spills
This new activity reflects the concerns raised by
the recent major oil spills for means to evaluate the
various mitigation techniques and their potential
environmental consequences. Studies wUl be conducted
to provide the scientific data needed by regional staff
to choose the most cost-effective and environmentally
sound option for dealing with a spill. These options
will include technologies for removing oil, as well as
methodologies for determining the effectiveness of the
removal process.
Other studies will develop restoration procedures
for oil-damaged marine, estuarine, freshwater, and
terrestrial ecosystems. Research will be conducted on
beach and shoreline remediation using chemical and
biological methods. Included will be process develop-
ment, field evaluations, and protocol development,
which will enable assessment of the ecological impacts
of spills and of remediation alternatives.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
ERL/ATH Rosemarie Russo 136.2 16
ERL/GB HapPritchard 146.3 21
51
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Hazardous Waste
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Develop Data to Support Treatment,
Storage, Disposal Regulations
Direct technical support for site-specific issues will
be provided on an ad hoc basis to regional office staff
involved in RCRA corrective action activities. The
need is estimated to be equal to or larger than that
related to Superfund site cleanups. Based on the
successful Superfund assistance program now in place,
the effort will utilize the laboratory-based Technical
Support Centers (TSCs). Thus, TSC staffs at RSKERL-
Ada (ground water) and at ERL-Athens (exposure
modeling and ecorisk assessment) will become avail-
able to the regional RCRA Corrective Action pro-
grams. Extramural resources will be utilized to contract
on-site personnel to assist the TSC and its laboratory
in responding to the needs of RCRA staff. The TSCs
will also participate in an effort to transfer technical
information to the Corrective Action community
through a variety of means (e.g., documents, seminars,
videos).
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
RSKERL/ADA John E. Matthews 273.4 22.4
ERL/ATH Rosemarie Russo 145.0 48.8
Scientific
Assessment
Technology Transfer
A pilot Technical Support Center in Health and
Risk Assessment will be initiated for the RCRA
Corrective Action Program.
Office or
Laboratory
ECAO/CIN
Contact
Bruce Peirano
Total Percent
Funds($K) In-House
117
5.1
52
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Hazardous Waste
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
Oil Spills Research
ORD is focusing its oil spills research program in
the following four areas:
• Bioremediation
• Dispersant Research
Mechanical Cleanup of Inland Spills
• Debris Disposal
In the bioremediation area, research will be
continued to develop protocols which can be used to
evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of bioremediation
agents under various spill scenarios. Once developed,
these protocols will be verified at spills of opportunity
or at research spills. Information on the products tested
will be made available to spill coordinators to allow
quick decisions to be made on the use of these
materials at the time of a spill. Research will also
continue to develop similar information on dispersants.
In addition, future research may be conducted to
determine the relative risk of dispersing the oil
throughout the water column vis-a-vis allowing it to
remain on the surface and eventually ending up on
beaches, marshes, etc. Limited research is being
conducted to develop containment and cleanup equip-
ment for use on fast-flowing inland rivers and streams.
ORD will undertake research to evaluate alternative
disposal options for the debris which is normally
generated during cleanup operations following a major
oil spill.
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/CDSf
ERL/GB
ERL/ATH
HERL/RTP
OEETD/HQ
Contact
A. Venosa
F. K. Pritchard
J. Rogers
L. Claxton
K. Jakobson
Total Percent
Funds($K) In-Hou.se
1,335
550
448
80
50
80
50
70
50
90
53
-------
Toxic Substances
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Biotechnology
The biotechnology research effort is concerned
with interactions between microorganisms and ecologi-
cal processes in an attempt to develop comprehensive
knowledge of the biochemical, physiological, and
genetic mechanisms involved. The program will
examine the potential environmental risk associated
with the application of Genetically Engineered Micro-
organisms (OEMs).
Assessment of environmental impacts of OEMs
requires reliable methodologies for their identification
and enumeration in environmental samples. The
methods must address the analytical and operative
criteria required for any monitoring program. They
must be sensitive and specific to differentiate OEMs
from the background of indigenous organisms. They
have to be feasible, accurate, reproducible, and widely
applicable since samples will differ greatly from one
another, such as leaf surfaces and freshwater reser-
voirs.
Contained aquatic and terrestrial laboratory
systems (microcosms) are used to assess the fate of
OEMs in various ecosystems. The fate of microbes in
microcosms is compared with fate in natural systems
to assess the validity of laboratory data.
Research in this area applies techniques of
molecular and classical genetics to ecological studies
to assess survival and growth of novel microorganisms.
Questions of specific niche requirements, selective
advantages of new genotypes, and potential for causing
harmful effects to populations, ecosystems, or pro-
cesses will be examined. The research also addresses
genetic stability of altered microorganisms, including
transmissibility of plasmids and other genetic informa-
tion in situ.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
ERL/GB Robert Menzer 1,695.2 13
ERL/COR Thomas Murphy 1,644.1 16
54
-------
Toxic Substances
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents
This research program plan addresses the three
primary engineering-oriented research concerns posed
by the Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) in its
implementation of the Premanufacturing Notice
(PMN) process of the Toxic Substances Control Act
(TSCA):
• mechanisms of accidental or deliberate
release of the modified genome or organism
from the site of production (e.g., in effluents)
and techniques for quantification;
• availability and effectiveness of containment
controls or destruction techniques and
appropriate validation methods; and
• sources and quantification of worker expo-
sure, particularly due to aerosols.
In order to satisfy these concerns, the program is
divided into two sub-programs. The first addresses
biologically-based manufacturing processes; the
second addresses deliberate application to a specific
environmental area.
Data bases are being developed for assisting with
the PMN review under the first sub-program. These
will permit assessment of the occurrence, magnitude,
and degree of risk management (pollution prevention)
applicable to deliberate and accidental releases from
biologically based manufacturing processes. Models
are being developed along with an information base
which OTS will use as a guide for identification of
potential hazards and implementation of safeguards for
reduction of risk to acceptable levels.
Because OEMs have already been developed for
applications requiring deliberate release into the
environment, the second sub-program addresses the
development of procedures for assessing the safety
aspects of the engineering techniques for introducing
these microorganisms into the environment. Informa-
tion to be developed will allow an assessment of the
risk of migration from the site and of the management
techniques to prevent or. minimize this migration.
55
-------
Toxic Substances
A number of application techniques will be
addressed using scenarios appropriate to the environ-
ment likely to be encountered. Applications considered
for evaluation include: agricultural formulations;
pollutant clean-up and control (spills, landfills, con-
taminated sediments, oil spills); tertiary oil recovery;
in-situ mineral recovery (metals leaching, oil shale).
The engineering assessment protocols for release
and exposure will be structured to account for several
sets or combinations of various biological properties,
or subsets, and appropriate applications involving
deliberate environmental release. Further effon will be
devoted to identifying specific data (chemical, physi-
cal, and biological) that will be required as inputs to
the engineering risk-assessment protocol so that data
can specifically be developed and submitted as part of
the PMN review procedures.
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
Contact
John Burckle
Marshall Dick
Total Percent
Funds ($K) Ill-House
138.7
25.0
15
75
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents
This research evaluates and standardizes sampling
methodology to identify and quantify release of
microorganisms or biotechnology products into the
environment. Standardized procedures are developed
and used to produce guidelines to assess human
exposure and environmental impact of OEMs release.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
Total Percent
Funds($K) In-House
EMSL/LV Stephen Hem
OMMSQA/HQ Laurie Schuda
286.8
25
56
-------
Toxic Substances
Health Effects
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents
Biotechnology research is aimed at the develop-
ment of methods to evaluate the potential health
hazards of genetically engineered organisms and the
products of these microorganisms. Potential mecha-
nisms of action and screening methods for adverse
mechanisms are being investigated. Models are being
developed to assess the potential dispersal capability of
genetically engineered genes.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
HERL/RTP Elaine Grose 33
OHR/HQ David Kleffman 469.1
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Ecology: Ecotoxicity and Risk Assessment
Environmental risk assessment studies on the
linkage of environmental exposure and ecotoxicology
hazard assessment techniques, and development of
methods to evaluate risks continues. The goal is to be
able to predict toxic risk to varied ecosystems and
components within acceptable limits of uncertainty.
The ecotoxicology studies include the movement,
transformation and ultimate disposition of toxic
substances in all environmental media as a critical
component of risk assessment How plants and animals
or ecosystems and biological interactions are affected
by toxic substances are also the subjects of this
research effort. Research goals include the identifica-
tion of important endpoints and development of
mathematical modeling techniques (population;
transport) to integrate data and depict risk. Input data
will include such results as lab to field comparative
responses, measurements of ecosystem resistance and
resilience, recovery, population changes (mortality;
feeding behavior), biota uptake and susceptibility.
Techniques such as quotient-based approaches at
various scales of system complexity and causative
factors affecting variations in toxicity data (taxonomic
considerations) and modeling results will be studied.
The validated predictive tools and the results will be
57
-------
Toxic Substances
used in regulatory decision making and as a guide to
formulating regulatory criteria and standards.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
ERL/ATH Rosemarie Russo 813.0 49
ERL/COR Thomas Murphy 87.7 100
ERL/DUL Oilman Veith 463.8 28
ERL/GB Robert Menzer 100.0 0
ERL/NARR Norbert Jaworski 37.2 33
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Ecology: Transport/Fate/Field Validation
This research encompasses the determination of
the effects, movement, transformation, and ultimate
disposition of toxic substances and their degradation
products that inadvertently enter into all environmental
media. This program provides information on how
plants and animals and larger ecosystems are affected
by exposure to toxic substances caused by accidents in
commerce and industry. Specific activities include
developing and validating techniques for assessing
hazards, exposure and estimation of the fate of existing
chemicals through lab, microcosm or field studies.
Information developed in the above studies
provides data necessary for hazard and exposure
assessments and for designing mathematical models of
chemical transport, transformation and fate including
biodegradation. Research addresses such problem areas
as: intermedia transfer, characteristics of chemicals
(e.g., chemical kinetics/hydrolysis and microbial rate
constants) and the processes of the receiving environ-
ment; comparative lexicological responses; system
level effects (e.g., community alterations); effects of
toxicants on animal and plant development and applied
chemical structure-activity techniques, methods for
measuring ecosystem recovery and abiotic transforma-
tion. Research results help the Agency to determine
potential adverse impacts of toxicants and to help
formulate preventative or remedial actions.
58
-------
Toxic Substances
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
ERL/ATH Rosemarie Russo 893.7 100
ERL/GB Robert Menzer 678.9 100
ERL/COR Thomas Murphy 852.2 100
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Exposure Monitoring
Research for exposure monitoring is dedicated to
development, testing, and standardizing monitoring
methods to estimate total human exposure and popula-
tion exposures. Human activity patterns are studied to
improve estimates of exposure. Human exposure data
are used to construct models to estimate an individual's
pollutant exposure in all media. Microenvironment
studies are conducted to fill data gaps.
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/LV
AREAL/RTP
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
Stephen Hern
Dale Pahl
Laurie Schuda
Total Percent
Funds($K) In-House
1,294.9
580.1
249.2
45
20
Health Effects
Health: Markers, Dosimetry, and
Extrapolation
This research is aimed at providing techniques to
reduce the uncertainties in risk assessments. Tech-
niques are needed to extrapolate between adverse
effects seen in animal species and human health effects
and between high doses used in animal toxicity testing
and low doses typical of environmental exposure.
Dosimetry models are being developed for oral,
dermal, and inhalation routes of exposure. Biological
markers research focuses on the development of
indicators of biological dose and resulting effects for
eventual application to studies of human populations.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
59
Total Percent
Contact Funds ($K) In-House
Elaine Grose 4,067.3 37
David Kleffman
-------
Toxic Substances
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Health: Markers, Dosimetry, and
Extrapolation
This research evaluates physiological, biochemical,
genetic and immunologic techniques as indicators of
human exposure to chemical pollutants. Biomarkers are
tested for sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability to
indicate episodes of pollutant exposure.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
EMSL/LV Stephen Hem 332.0 30
OMMSQA/HQ Laurie Schuda 39.7
Health Effects
Special Human Data Needs
This research is designed to provide information to
assist in identifying and regulating existing chemicals
with potential human health risks. Research focuses on
developing epidemiological and biostatistical methods.
Efforts in biochemical epidemiology are underway to
identify and evaluate biomonitoring and screening
methods for potential application to human environ-
mental epidemiology.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Total Percent
Contact Funds ($K) In-House
Elaine Grose
David Kleffman
1,461.0 23
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Structure Activity Relationships
This research is designed to determine the disposi-
tion of new toxic chemicals in all environmental media
and to determine if selected plants and animals might
be affected. This involves developing structure-activity
relationships (SAR) with methodologies based upon
molecular structure characteristics to rapidly assess the
environmental fate and toxicity of new chemicals.
Structure-activity develops those data bases and
mathematical models which are used for predicting
exposure, bioaccumulation, toxicity, fate, and other
parameters. Activities include the development of data
60
-------
Toxic Substances
bases on plant uptake, fate of organic chemicals,
toxicity to fish and reactivity of chemicals (e.g.,
photolytic, electrophilic, nucleophilic). Integrated into
this research is data on transport and transformation of
both organic and inorganic substances in freshwater
and multimedia environments and application of SAR
to predict effects of new chemicals on biota. The latter
includes determination of and predictions on toxic
mechanisms and microbial transformation and metabo-
lism. Expert systems are being applied to the SAR
approach. Computer based predictive programs are in
use in regulatory evaluations.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
ERL/ATH Rosemarie Russo 375.9 100
ERL/DUL Oilman Veith 576.2 58
Health Effects
Structure Activity Relationships
Methods are being developed to use combinations
of descriptions based on molecular structure to predict
enzymatic, genetic, carcinogenic, and other activities of
new chemicals to support Section 5 of the Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA). Techniques include
pattern recognition and statistical and thermodynamic
analyses. In addition, chemical data bases are being
constructed for use in predicting lexicological re-
sponses for new chemicals with similar structures.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
Elaine Grose
David Kleffman
777.7
56
Scientific
Assessment
Emergency Planning and Community Right
to Know
In support of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title III, Section 313, the
scientific assessment program prepares profiles and
incorporates them into the Integrated Risk Information
System (IRIS) to provide information to various
61
-------
Toxic Substances
governmental agencies and the public on the health
effects of chemicals released into the environment.
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
Contact
Hugh McKinnon
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
50.0
0
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Emergency Planning and Community Right
to Know
Research is conducted to identify methods to
detect release of chemicals on the SARA Title m list
into the environment and to develop human exposure
monitoring procedures to assess human exposure to
chemicals released from these installations.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
Total Percent
Funds($K) In-House
EMSL/CIN John Winter
OMMSQA/HQ Laurie Schuda
323.8
44.6
20
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
Emergency Planning and Community Right
to Know
In support of SARA Title III, Section 313,
research, in cooperation with industrial trade associa-
tions, is being conducted that will improve the accu-
racy of release estimations for the Toxic Release
Inventory (TRI) reporting. Current work is concentrat-
ing on the difficult-to-estimate releases from welding
processes and electroplating and surface finishing
industries.
Laboratory
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
Contact
Roger Wilmoth
Marshall Dick
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
174
10
62
-------
Toxic Substances
Scientific
Assessment
Support for Toxic Substances Control Act
(TSCA)
The scientific assessment program provides
support to the Office of Toxic Substances in the area
of assessments of cancer, mutagenicity, adverse
reproductive/developmental effects, and exposure.
These activities support decision making under TSCA
(i.e., existing chemicals, PMN review, and test guide-
lines and test rules development).
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
Contact
Hugh McKinnon
Total Percent
Funds ($K) Ill-House
178.2 100.0
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Support for Toxic Substances Control Act
(TSCA)
Quality assurance research is conducted to support
routine monitoring and assessment Studies are under-
way to evaluate exposure models and the use of
computer aided technology to estimate exposure and
risk. Reference chemicals and analytical spectra for
chemical compound identification are produced to
provide standardization procedures and guidelines for
program office field studies.
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/CIN
EMSL/LV
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
John Winter
Stephen Hern
Laurie Schuda
Total Percent
Funds($K) In-House
345.1
273.6
86.6
20
35
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
Engineering
This program supports the Office of Toxic
Substances (OTS) in its implementation of the TSCA,
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA),
and Title III of SARA. The program focuses on the
development of predictive capabilities to be used in
assessing release and exposure levels for the review of
PMNs for new chemicals, and the techniques and
63
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Toxic Substances
controls for ensuring "no risk" exposure to existing
chemicals.
The "new chemicals" sub-program is evaluating
the manufacturing and processing of these chemicals
from both the unit operations and "an industrial-
setting" perspective. Research in the operations area
has focused on drying and filtration equipment, with
attention to the mechanistic relationships to toxic
particulates and their control. Emphasis has been
placed on the frequency of exposure and the magni-
tude and duration of inhalation and dermal exposure
levels in the work place. Additional emphasis has been
directed toward simulating the "real-world" environ-
ment
Research in the industrial-settings area has been
concentrated on those manufacturing scenarios found in
the polymer processing industry. Emphasis has been
directed toward exposures associated with the off-
gassing of monomers, degradation products, and
polymer additives.
As the program matures, increased interaction is
available in "pollution prevention" contexts, where data
from Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) estimates can be
integrated with control strategies to reduce pollutant
generation and worker exposure.
In the fate assessment subprogram, emphasis has
been placed on water soluble compounds which
ultimately are subjected to secondary wastewater
treatment, and in particular, activated sludge treatment.
Based on the high numbers of azo-dye PMN submis-
sions, these dyes remain a priority for investigation.
In the past, agency guidance for asbestos in
buildings has been developed from the best-engineer-
ing judgment concept Research is continuing to
evaluate the effectiveness of current guidance which
includes removal, and in situations where the asbestos-
containing materials is to be left in place, operations
and maintenance procedures. Current efforts are
stressing evaluations of maintenance practices for vinyl
asbestos tile floors.
To satisfy the needs of AHERA, efforts will be
expanded to evaluate transportation and disposal
options, in addition to attempting to indicate the
"least-burdensome" strategy when several "risk-free"
options are available. Over the next three years, the
program will shift toward developing cost-effective
removal/containment technologies and addressing the
64
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Toxic Substances
broader area of controlling all harmful respirable and
durable fibers.
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
Contact
Roger Wilmoth
Marshall Dick
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
1375.0
108
25
75
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Test Method Development
Test method development research is conducted to
improve procedures to identify and quanu'tate chemical
compounds of interest. Emphasis is placed on develop-
ment of biological and chemical procedures to measure
chemicals in different media including biological
monitoring and immunochemical procedures. New
statistical techniques are developed for spectra analysis
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/LV
AREAL/RTP
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
Stephen Hem
DalePahl
Laurie Schuda
total Percent
Funds($K) In-House
607.2
200.4
30.0
45
25
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Test Method Development
To assess environmental hazards, research focuses
on developing, improving and validating single and
multi-species toxicity tests for chronic and acute
toxicity in aquatic ecosystems. The developed methods
support development of testing guidelines for TSCA
and provide basic data for determining exposure and
appropriate endpoints that can be related to real-world
situations.
Test methods development for aquatic biota
provides new or modified bioassays which support
lexicological evaluations and toxicokinetic models on
such concerns as uptake from contaminated sediments,
extrapolations from species to species and determining
carcinogenic potentials of chemicals.
65
-------
Toxic Substances
Office or
Laboratory
ERL/DUL
ERL/GB
OEPER/HQ
Contact
Oilman Veith
Robert Menzer
Steve Cordle
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
164.8
214.2
583.5
100
100
66
Health Effects
Test Method Development
Under the TSCA, EPA must provide industry with
guidance to test chemicals for potential hazards to
public health. In order to base regulatory decisions on
the best possible data, reliable test methods must be
developed for incorporation into test guidelines. The
goal of this research is to develop short-term, cost-
effective, predictive methods for detecting the toxic
effects of chemicals. These test systems include both
in vitro and in vivo methods and bioassays for-
predicling adverse health effects such as alterations in
reproductive and developmental processes and
immunotoxic and neurotoxic effects.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Total Percent
Contact Funds ($K) In-House
Elaine Grose 1842.6
David Kleffman
53
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Asbestos
Research is being conducted to develop and
evaluate monitoring procedures to determine human
and environmental exposure to asbestos, refractory
ceramic fibers (RCFs), and other asbestos substitute
fibers in selected microenvironments.
Office or
Laboratory
AREAL/RTP
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
Dale Pahl
Laurie Schuda
Total Percent
Funds(SK) In-House
507.3
80.7
10
66
-------
Pesticides
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents
This portion of the research program is planned to
develop or improve bioassay methodologies for
determining the effects of biological control agents or
biochemical agents (e.g., hormones, pheromones) on
non-target biotic receptors. The application of the
methods assists in establishing testing guidelines and in
registering and controlling the use of these control
agents. Agents of interest include both genetically
altered and unaltered bacteria, viruses and fungi.
Parameters to be studied include routes of exposure,
methods to recover or identify the agents and to
estimate virulence, toxicity and infectivity. Survival,
growth, persistence and effects plus controlling abiotic
factors are of concern. Generic transfer and stability
associated with OEMs will be investigated. Special
handling and monitoring methods and systems will be
studied. Novel control procedures for pesticide applica-
tions using microbial regulation are being studied. All
extramural monies will be expended by the laboratories
subsequent to final planning actions.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
ERL/COR Thomas A. Murphy 543.4 46
ERL/DUL Oilman Veith 358.9 28
ERL/GB Robert Menzer 1,170.6 53
Health Effects
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents
Models will continue to be developed on potential
interaction of microbial agents and the mammalian
cell. Goals are (1) the determination of the ability of
microbial agents to replicate in mammalian cells, and
(2) to provoke immune responses in non-target
(mammalian) hosts. Methods will also be developed to
identify genetic material from microbial pesticides in
non-target sites such as mammalian cells in vitro and
in vivo. Research will also focus on the effects of
genetically engineered pesticides on mammalian
organisms.
67
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Pesticides
Research in this area is also aimed at the develop-
ment of methods to evaluate the potential health
hazards of genetically engineered organisms and the
products of these microorganisms. Potential mecha-
nisms of action and screening methods for adverse
mechanisms are being investigated. Models are being
developed to assess the potential dispersal capability of
genetically engineered genes.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Total Percent
Contact Funds ($K) In-House
Elaine Grose
David Kleffman
578.8
50
Scientific
Assessment
Support for Federal Insecticide, Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Activities
The scientific assessment program provides
support to the Office of Pesticide Programs in the area
of assessments of cancer, mutagenicity, adverse
reproductive/developmental effects, and exposure.
Support is also provided on a case-by-case basis with
laboratory data audits.
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
Contact
Hugh McKinnon
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
198.6 100
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Support for Federal Insecticide, Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Activities
The pesticides quality assurance program ensures
the accuracy of the data which is attained through
testing and analysis. The program conducts quality
assurance research and supports the management of the
operation of the Pesticide Repository which supplies
pesticide compounds and metabolites. Federal and
State laboratories use these samples as standard
reference for internal quality control. Research is
conducted to develop procedures to ensure quality
control in environmental monitoring studies and
analysis of samples for pesticide residues. Efforts will
68
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Pesticides
be continued in FY92 to assess the merits of
privatizing the Pesticide Repository.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
Total Percent
Funds($K) In-House
EMSL/CIN John Winter
OMMSQA/HQ Laurie Schuda
287.5
27.2
0
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Ecology: Ecotoxicity and Risk Assessment
To register or re-register pesticides it is necessary
to develop a focused risk assessment process for
integrating hazard and exposure assessments to
estimate the probability of risk to important non-human
populations. This facet of the research program
develops environmental risk assessment methodology
by combining impact data using existing or new
models to express risk as a probability with estimates
of the associated uncertainty.
New endpoint responses will be studied encom-
passing ecosystem structures and function. Selected
wildlife and microbial populations will be used to
reflect population changes and other changes that
influence risk evaluations. Other parameters that affect
model integrity will be studied (e.g., species suscepti-
bility, chemical routes of exposure, and uptake and
residues). Modeling will be supported through data
integration and model calibration and validation will be
supported through field studies that include all media.
A pesticide ranking index and registry system is being
developed as a tool for assessing selected aquatic
systems.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
ERL/ATH Rosemarie Russo 394.7 0
ERL/COR Thomas Murphy 766.7 9
ERL/DUL Oilman Veith 429.0 29
ERL/GB Robert Menzer 360.0 0
ERL/NARR Norbert Jaworski 45.0 0
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Pesticides
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Ecology: Transport/Fate/Field Validation
Research will concentrate on the development,
refinement and validation of techniques and models to
measure and predict pesticide transport, degradation,
exposure, effects, and fate in the environment Labora-
tory and field studies will be conducted to substantiate
the applicability of methods and mathematical models
and to determine if results are valid and reflect
environmental responses under natural conditions. Data
from these studies will be used to assess pesticide
hazards to surrogate species, populations, and commu-
nities representative of aquatic (i.e., estuarine) and
terrestrial habitats.
These investigations will include analysis of
abiotic influences on study results and on various
chemical and physical factors and processes. Sorption,
leaching and bioaccumulation will be evaluated.
Ground water contamination and associated processes
will be explored and remedial actions sought. Informa-
tion systems will be developed and used to help
implement management strategies to prevent pesticide
contamination of ground water. Predictive techniques
for exposure assessment technology will be improved
with studies on pesticide sorption kinetics, transforma-
tions, structure reactivity correlations and mechanisms
of degradation. Terrestrial ecotoxicology studies will
include development of data and methods to assess and
predict stress impacts on wildlife (e.g., bird) popula-
tions including comparability between lab and field
tests.
Information and data including assessments and
predictive tools, evaluations of assessment criteria,
models and user manuals, workshops and reviews are
applied to support the Agency's regulatory actions.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
ERL/ATH Rosemarie Russo 694.4 55
ERL/COR Thomas Murphy 589.6 32
ERL/DUL Oilman Veith 496.7 62
ERL/GB Robert Menzer 1,007.2 81
OEPER/HQ Steve Cordle 582.4 66
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Pesticides
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
Engineering
This program, which supports the Office of
Pesticide Programs (OPP), previously consisted of two
major areas: protective clothing and disposal technol-
ogy. The protective clothing research is concluding and
will provide a "Guidance Manual for Selecting
Protective Clothing for Agricultural Pesticide Opera-
tions." This manual will serve as a reference document
for OPP to use in protective-clothing issues related to
OPP's regulatory and training activities. This manual
will include standard test methods and performance
data from both laboratory and field tests. Work on
protective clothing has been phased out
OEETD will continue to evaluate existing disposal
techniques and processes for destroying specific
pesticide classes, develop a treatability database
applicable to pesticides and their disposal, and develop
improved container reuse technology including a test
method to ensure compliance with existing regulations.
A major effort in this area, in conjunction with OPTS,
is evaluation of the effect of "burning" pesticide bags.
OEETD's intent in this area is to provide technology
to minimize both worker exposure and pesticide/
herbicide disposal to the environment by enhancing
handling, transfer, rinsing, and treatment protocols to
reduce accidental loss of the chemical.
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
Contact
Glenn Shaul
Marshall Dick
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
265.9
10.0
60
75
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Exposure Monitoring
A coordinated research program is underway to
develop and evaluate methods to determine the
residues, fate and transport of pesticides in the residen-
tial environment, and the potential levels of human
exposure associated with their use. A primary focus is
validating methods for assessing exposure of infants
and small children to household pesticides, including
lawn care pesticides, both inside residences (via track-
in to carpets and other indoor surfaces) and in yards
and gardens. Factors to be investigated include the
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transfer of chemicals from surfaces to skin, bioavail-
ability of chemicals, and human activity patterns.
Research is also being conducted to develop and
conduct field validations of cost-effective and rapid
pesticide-specific immunochemical methods such as
immunoassays, and immunoaffinity Personal Exposure
Monitoring (PEM) devices for measuring pesticide
residues.
Office or
Laboratory
AREAL/RTP
EMSL/LV
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
Dale Pahl
Stephen Hern
Laurie Schuda
Total Percent
Funds($K) In-House
622.6
592.4
148.7
5
15
Health Effects
Health: Markers, Dosimetry, and
Extrapolation
This research focuses on developing animal
models to assess health risks and improve methodology
for extrapolating results of animal toxicity studies into
risk estimates for humans. Studies include evaluation
of interspecies differences in the dermal absorption of
pesticides, examination of structure-activity relation-
ships, examination of metabolic differences between
species which may contribute to teratogenic outcomes,
and the investigation of potential interactions between
alterations in maternal health status and susceptibility
to pesticide exposures.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Total Percent
Contact Funds ($K) In-House
Elaine Grose
David Kleffman
842.1
66
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Test Method Development
Laboratory studies will develop, improve and
validate bioassay methodologies to be used as stan-
dardized pesticide testing protocols for aquatic organ-
isms. Various methods will be geared to testing chosen
life stages of endemic fishes and crustaceans or
surrogate test species for long-term or short-term
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durations. These methods will help assess both expo-
sure and effects (e.g., metabolic, mortality or terato-
genic response) to pesticides and pesticide ingredients
under acute and chronic conditions and some may be
used for monitoring particular pesticides or sensitive
biota and for predicting response. Influencing environ-
mental factors which may modify testing results will
be studied to establish confidence limits for the
methods under given conditions. The methods will
contribute to establishment of early detection of
hazards, provide sensitive, rapid and inexpensive
evaluation techniques, and provide testing protocols
that may be recommended to industry for testing their
products to comply with FTFRA requirements.
Laboratory
ERL/GB
Contact
Robert Menzer
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
359.4 100
Health Effects
Test Method Development
This research involves developing and refining
bioassays for the detection of adverse alterations in the
development of reproductive processes in animals
which allow for more accurate evaluations of reproduc-
tive development and function. Techniques are also
being developed, validated, refined and implemented
for determining human genetic effects caused by
exposure to chemicals. Additionally, methods are being
developed to determine the neurotoxicity and
immunotoxicity of pesticides.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Total Percent
Contact Funds ($K) In-House
Elaine Grose
David Kleffman
2,895.0 46
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National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey (NHANES-III)
Health Effects The third National Health and Nutrition Examina-
tion Survey (NHANES-III) is one of a series of
surveys conducted by the National Center for Health
Statistics (NCHS) for the purpose of producing vital
and health statistics for the United States. Six
NHANES studies have been completed since 1960.
NHANES-III will be conducted for six years, from
1988-1994. During this time, approximately 40,000
Americans aged 2 months and over will be randomly
selected from households, interviewed and invited to
participate in medical examinations at mobile examina-
tion centers. Approximately 30,000 individuals will
undergo the medical examination, which includes a
physical examination and diagnostic and biochemical
testing. The sample is a statistically representative
sample of Americans with oversampling of the very
young, the elderly, Blacks and Hispanics.
Some of the topics to be studied in NHANES-III
are nutrition status monitoring, osteoporosis, arthritis,
respiratory and cardiovascular disease, diabetes,
gallstone disease, AIDS, kidney disease, and growth
and development of children.
Research and public health goals include the
following: (1) estimating the prevalence of disease and
risk factors, (2) estimating the incidence of certain
diseases, (3) estimating the prevalence of functional
impairment, (4) providing population reference distri-
butions of health characteristics including growth and
development, (5) monitoring secular changes in
diseases and risk factors, and (6) identifying new risk
factors for disease and reasons for secular trends in
health. EPA and other Federal agencies have collabo-
rated with NCHS in previous NHANES studies and in
NHANES-III.
EPA has participated in the planning of NHANES-
III and has funded two specific research areas; neuro-
toxic disorders and pulmonary function.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ Susan Perlin 565 12
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Health Effects
Research to Improve Health Risk
Assessment (RIHRA) (Health)
The Environmental Protection Agency relies on
quantitative risk assessments of human health effects to
guide the regulatory decision-making process in
carrying out the mandates given to EPA under existing
environmental legislation. The utility of the risk-based
decision making process is dependent upon the
accuracy of available effects data and on our ability to
extrapolate this information to man. In situations where
the scientific data are insufficient, the risk manager is
presented with a broad range of possible risks upon
which to base his decision. This uncertainty has
significant impacts and ramifications for the regulatory
process in terms of balancing human health risks
against other societal needs.
The primary objective of the RIHRA program is to
perform systematic and integrated research to improve
the scientific basis supporting health risk assessments.
Emphasis is being placed on addressing the significant
uncertainties inherent in the risk assessment process.
This program will provide critical information on the
relationship between exposure (applied dose), dose to
target tissue (delivered dose), and associated health
effects. Both laboratory and field research will be
conducted that will improve our understanding of basic
biological mechanisms, especially as it relates from
one set of circumstances to another. Research will
address four major areas: (1) Analysis of Uncertainty
in Risk Assessments, (2) Integrated Exposure Assess-
ment, (3) Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic
Models, and (4) Biologically Based Dose-Response
Models.
Office or Total Present
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
HERL/RTP John Vandenberg 6320.6 5
OHR/HQ Tom Miller
Exploratory
Research
Exploratory Research Grants
The Research Grants Program supports research
initiated by individual investigators in areas of priority
interest to the Agency. Research proposals are solicited
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via two mechanisms: (1) the "Solicitation for Research
Proposals" which is published each year and invites
proposals in broadly defined areas of environmental
science and engineering, and (2) the Request for
Applications (RFA) which is a more targeted solicita-
tion mechanism which requests proposals in well-
defined areas of particular interest to the Agency. All
proposals received in response to either mechanism are
subjected to a rigorous peer panel review. Areas in
which research proposals will be requested in FY 1992
under the general solicitation include: environmental
biology, environmental health, environmental engineer-
ing, environmental chemistry and physics, and
socioeconomics.
In an effort to provide more support to minority
institutions for the conduct of basic environmental
research, the Research Giants Program makes available
pre-application assistance for minority faculty at
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU)
and members of the Hispanic Association of Colleges
and Universities (HACU) through its Minority Institu-
tions Assistance Program. Whether or not this assis-
tance is used, however, research proposals received
under this program are reviewed along with proposals
received under the general solicitation and in accor-
dance with the standards applied thereunder.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
OER/HQ Roger Cortesi 22,741 0
Exploratory Research Centers
Exploratory The purpose of the Exploratory Research Centers
Research Program is to provide dedicated support over several
years to fundamental, multidisciplinary research in
topics of interest to the environmental community. The
first solicitation in 1980 resulted in eight such research
centers. These centers were established between 1980
and 1981 and have operated continuously since then.
The eight original centers are currently being phased
out A solicitation to establish four new centers funded
at $1.0 million per year, was published in the spring of
1990. The new centers will begin operations in FY
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1992. Seven of the eight original centers will be
terminated in FY 1992 while the remaining one at
Louisiana State University will be terminated in FY
1993. The eight original centers are:
Industrial Waste Elimination Center (Illinois
Institute of Technology)—studies innovative technology
and process modification to reduce industrial pollutants
Intermedia Transport Research Center (University
of California at Los Angeles)—defines chemical and
physical processes governing pollutant exchange at air-
land and air-water boundaries
Ecosystems Research Center (Cornell Univer-
sity)—identifies and applies ecosystem principles to
environmental management problems
Marine Sciences Research Center (University of
Rhode Island)—assesses marine ecosystems health,
emphasizing exposure of marine organisms to toxics
Advanced Control Technology Research Center
(University of Illinois)—studies separation technology,
thermal destruction, biological separation, and chemical
detoxification
Ground Water Research Center (Rice University,
Oklahoma State University, and the University of
Oklahoma)—studies subsurface characterization,
transport and fate, and ground water horizon modeling
Environmental Epidemiology Research Center
(University of Pittsburgh)—studies basic epidemiology
methods and airborne paniculate health effects studies
Hazardous Waste Research Center (Louisiana
State University)—conducts research to develop
advanced technologies for the destruction, detoxifica-
tion, recovery, or containment of hazardous wastes
Office or
Laboratory
OER/HQ
Contact
Roger Cortesi
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
4,498
0
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
Pollution Prevention
The core research program for pollution prevention
focuses on development of information sources,
educational development and training; integration of
pollution prevention into permit writing and enforce-
ment settlements; development of pollution prevention
strategies for small and medium scale community
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planning; development of pollution prevention imple-
mentation strategies for the industrial and municipal
sectors; and on identifying opportunities for pollution
prevention in the agriculture sector. Comparative risk
assessments are being conducted on several consumer
products from design through disposal.
Office or
Laboratory
OEETD/HQ
RREL/CIN
AEERL/RTP
OPPE/HQ
Contact
G. Ondich
H. Freeman
E. Shaver
D. Allen
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-Housc
1,200
700
1,400
294
0
0
0
0
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
Socioeconomic Research
The socioeconomic research program is being
implemented to augment the traditional command and
control approach to environmental problems. Rather
than depending on regulatory programs, the socioeco-
nomic approach utilizes information and communica-
tion methods. For many of the recently identified
environmental problems (radon, global climate change,
non-point sources, etc.), a socioeconomic approach to a
solution is much more likely to succeed than a
regulatory approach. In some cases, a regulatory
approach is just not feasible. Socioeconomic research
under this program will be conducted in the following
broad areas: risk communication, incentives and
disincentives, technical information dissemination,
commercialization and utilization, and education and
training.
Office or
Laboratory
OPPE/HQ
Contact
D. Allen
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
542
0
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Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
and
Health Effects
Total Human Exposure
At present, EPA lacks information on human
exposure to virtually all chemicals of critical impor-
tance to public health. Knowing the number of people
exposed and their level of exposure is essential for
estimating risk. Without this knowledge, it is currently
impossible to make adequate risk assessments, nor can
we prioritize the major sources and pathways of
exposure. This new long-term program is aimed at
developing an exposure data base to serve as a
foundation for exposure assessment, and, consequently,
risk management strategies.
The goal is to measure and predict human expo-
sures and assess trends in human exposure to chemi-
cals of importance to the Agency. Specific objectives
include: (1) developing methodologies for exposure
measurement and modeling, (2) characterizing repre-
sentative microenvironments on a national scale, (3)
defining regional and nationwide activity patterns, (4)
measuring exposure and body burden directly in field
studies, (5) determining the major sources of exposure
including air, drinking water, and food - and their
contribution to risk, (6) developing and validating
exposure models and exposure-dose relationships, (7)
providing a comprehensive national data base on
exposure for use of the Agency and the environmental
community, (8) monitoring nationwide trends and
regional differences in human exposure and activity
patterns, and (9) assessing the effectiveness of regula-
tions by observing these trends in total exposure.
Initially, this program will stress five major areas:
(1) measurement methods development for personal
monitoring and microenvironmental characterization,
(2) chemical characterization of representative micro-
environments (air, food, soil, water), (3) documentation
of human activity patterns, (4) development and
validation of predictive exposure models, and (S) direct
measurement of exposure to validate models. In
addition, work will be initiated to develop and imple-
ment a pilot monitoring project leading to a nationwide
status and trends program.
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Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
AREAL/RTP Gerald Akland 2,485.4 24.0
EMSL/LV Gareth Pearson 1,018.1 14.0
EMSL/CIN AlDufour/ 431.2 2.3
Maurice Berry
OMMSQA/HQ Chris Saint 316.8 21.5
OHR/HQ Tom Miller 2,000.0 0
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Environmental
Processes and
Effects
China Program
This research program, which is conducted under
the 1980 US-PRC Environmental Protection Protocol,
studies the relationship of lung cancer and indoor coal
smoke pollution in a rural setting and children's
respiratory health across a wide gradient of paniculate,
acid, and sulfur oxide exposures in several Chinese
cities. Research is also continuing on environmental
processes and effects of pollution on aquatic organ-
isms, ground water and water pollution fate and
transport models.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
AREAL/RTP William Wilson 180.0 0
ERL/ADA BertBledsoe 20.0 0
ERL/ATH Rosemarie Russo 90.0 0
ERL/DUL Nelson Thomas 25.0 0
HERL/RTP Robert Chapman 196.7 0
OEPER/HQ ChiehWu 6.8 0
ERL/NARR Norbert Jaworski 25.1 0
Health Effects
Harvard Study
This research program identifies and selects post-
doctoral research fellows and visiting scientists to work
with Harvard faculty members on research projects that
address critical environmental problems that face
society.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Total Percent
Contact Funds ($K) In-House
David Kleffman 250
Risk Assessment
Forum
Consistent Risk Assessment
Risk Assessment Forum—The Forum, a group of
senior scientists, meets regularly to promote consensus
on risk assessment issues and to ensure that this
consensus is incorporated into appropriate risk assess-
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ment guidance. The Forum undertakes projects de-
signed to resolve difficult issues raised (and incom-
pletely resolved) during guideline development.
Activities include sponsorship of workshops, colloquia,
and other meetings to discuss controversial risk
assessment issues.
Office or
Laboratory
AA/ORD
Forum
Total Percent
Contact Funds ($K) In-House
Dorothy Patton 701.8 80.4
Scientific
Assessment
Lead Abatement
Lead continues to be one of the most serious
public health problems in the U.S. In response to this
problem, the Agency will: 1) take regulatory actions to
set/revise lead standards to adequately protect public
health, 2) carry out effective enforcement/abatement
activities to reduce exposure from lead-based paint,
soil, water, air, and other relevant media, and 3)
identify ways to reduce commercial uses of lead and
disposal of lead-contaminated wastes. Multi-media
research will be conducted to support regulatory,
enforcement, and abatement efforts across all EPA
program offices. Research will be conducted in: direct
abatement support, exposure analysis/measurement,
health implications, and technology transfer.
Office or
Laboratory
ECAO/RTP
Contact
Lester Grant
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
2,405.2
7.5
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Development, Validation, and
Standardization of Analytical Methods in
Support of Regional Programs
This research is targeted at specific areas that have
been identified as regional analytical support needs.
The program is working closely with the regions to set
priorities within and among these specific areas. Based
on comprehensive review of regional needs, a work
plan has been developed and has initiated research in
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the following high priority areas: 1) low level meth-
ods and reference materials for nutrients, volatile and
semi-volatile organics, and metals in all media, 2)
digestion techniques for metals, 3) analysis of transi-
tion metals in non-aqueous media, 4) solid phase
extraction sample preparation techniques for extract-
able compounds, and 5) validated methods for fish
tissue and nutrients in marine systems.
Office or
Laboratory
OMMSQA/HQ
AREAL/RTP
EMSL/CIN
EMSL/LV
Contact
Total Percent
Funds($K) In-House
597.1
Jack Puzak
Chris Saint
Robert Lee 345.0
William Budde 296.0
Llewellyn Williams 245.0
0
0
0
0
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Reducing Uncertainty in Ecological Risk
Assessment
The goal of the program is to model the expected
response of representative estuaries in the region in
response to alternative risk management options as an
example of a systems level approach to ecological
risk assessment.
In order to evaluate the uncertainty associated
with the temporal variability in indicators of ecosys-
tems condition, a field study is being undertaken in
the estuarine resources of a mid-Atlantic prototype
region. This activity is conducted in cooperation with
EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program (EMAP) and NOAA, and will target expo-
sure and condition indicators and their response to
changing pollutant levels. Ancillary data needed to
run and evaluate the transport and effects models that
will be applied to status and trends data is also being
collected as part of this effort. Analyses of the data
from the first and second years of field research from
the prototype region will seek correlations among
indicators that could identify possible causes of poor
condition and will report the condition for assessing
exposure and effects is currently underway. Sensitivity
analyses are being performed and new multi-variate
techniques are being developed that will reduce
uncertainty in detecting regional changes and better
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evaluate effects models that can be used in ecological
risk assessment
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
ERL/NARR John Paul
OMMSQA/HQ Chris Saint
Total Percent
Funds($K) In-House
2,750.0
0
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
and
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Ecological Status and Trends
The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program (EMAP) is collecting, analyzing, and integrat-
ing environmental monitoring data from seven ecosys-
tem types found in the U.S.: Near-coastal
environments, forests, wetlands, surface waters,
agroecosystems, arid lands, and the Great Lakes.
This information will allow EPA to better assess
the status and extent of current environmental prob-
lems, by providing associations between human-
induced stress and ecological condition. EMAP is also
establishing baseline conditions against which future
change can be measured, and assessing the degree to
which regulatory programs protect the nation's ecologi-
cal resources. EMAP is focusing on regional- and
national-scale problems and will target program
outputs at EPA officials who must respond to Con-
gress and the public, and senior managers who must
direct EPA's limited resources where they will be most
beneficial.
Scientifically, EMAP will: (1) identify, character-
ize, classify, and quantify the ecological resources at
risk, (2) provide a probability-based statistical sam-
pling frame which provides unbiased estimates of
environmental conditions on a regional basis, (3)
identify, evaluate, and develop indicators of ecological
condition, (4) develop operational monitoring programs
at a national level for resources of greatest concern,
and (5) develop data management and quality assur-
ance systems that allow timely analysis and periodic
reporting of program results.
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Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/CIN
ERL/COR
ERL/DUL
ERL/GB
EMSL/LV
ERL/NARR
OEPER/HQ
OMMSQA/HQ
AREAL/RTP
Total
Contact Funds($K)
Bob Graves 554.3
Hal Kibby 6130.2
Steve Hedtke 888.3
Kevin Sommers 3571.6
Bruce Jones 9,245.6
John Paul 1,068.2
Courtney Riordon 388.2
Rick Kutz 5,371.1
Jim Vickery 3,248.1
Percent
In-House
29.8
6.7
9.3
2.3
6.3
15.5
0
13.9
7.6
Exploratory
Research
Visiting Scientists Program
The Visiting Scientists Program has two compo-
nents: The Resident Research Associateships Program
(RRAP) which is carried out in cooperation with the
National Research Council (NRC) and the Summer
Fellows Program (SFP) which is conducted in coopera-
tion with the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science (AAAS). The objective of the RRAP
is to attract researchers into EPA's research laborato-
ries to assist in strengthening the Agency's science
policy and program. Candidates are sought through
annual advertisements in nationally known scientific
and engineering publications. They are then subjected
to a rigorous peer review from which only the top
candidates are recommended for assignment to an EPA
laboratory.
The Summer Fellows Program is carried out in
cooperation with the American Association for the
Advancement of Science and sponsors the assignment
of mid-career environmental science and engineering
fellows to EPA facilities for the summer months to
conduct environmental research projects. In FY 1991,
10 highly qualified fellows were sponsored.
Office or
Laboratory
OER/HQ
Contact
Roger Cortesi
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
184.2
0
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Exploratory
Research
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) Program
Public Law 97-219 requires EPA to devote 1.25%
of its extramural research and development budget to
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR). The SBIR
Program funds, via contracts, small businesses with
ideas relevant to EPA's mission. The program focuses
exclusively on projects in control technology or
process instrumentation development. Proposals are
solicited in the fall of each year for Phase I research.
Phase I research consists of feasibility studies which
are supported at a level of up to $50,000. Of these
Phase I studies, the best are selected for Phase II
studies where actual product development is started.
Phase II studies are supported up to a level of
$150,000. To date, half of the Phase I efforts have
been supported in Phase II. Results from the SBIR
Program are expected to lead to the commercial
development of a product or process used in pollution
control.
Office or
Laboratory
OER/HQ
Contact
Donald Carey
Total Percent
Funds($K) In-Housc
2,500
0
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Arctic Studies
EPA's Arctic research program will focus research
on the nature, extent, and effects of exposure of Arctic
ecosystems on a regional scale to atmospheric contami-
nants. This effort will include analyses of the atmo-
spheric pathways for long-distance transport and
deposition, biogeochemical pathways at representative
depositional sites, and intermediate and ultimate sinks
for these contaminants. Effects research on representa-
tive species of major ecosystems will be undertaken to
establish what risks there might be to species, includ-
ing humans. Landscape and regional ecosystem
sensitivity studies will follow the species risk studies.
These studies will culminate in an assessment of risk
in terms of character, magnitude, and timing of
changes, to Arctic biological systems from atmospheri-
cally deposited contaminants. The program will
implement a statistically balanced, spatial sampling
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design, based on the strategies of the EPA Environ-
mental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP),
for the circumarctic region. The resultant data and
observational network will lead to conclusions about
the nature and extent of Arctic pollution, and subse-
quently will be used to develop, define parameters, and
test assessment models for mitigation and management
design strategies.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
ERL/COR Dixon H. Landers 908.7 0
OEPER/HQ Robert C. Worrest 51.7 0
Paul Ringold
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Manage the Mandatory Quality Assurance
Program
Each year, EPA devotes more than $500 million
to environmental data operations. Quality Assurance
(QA) activities play an integral role in the planning
and implementation of these operations, and in the
evaluation of the resulting data. By means of their QA
programs, EPA organizations can enjoy substantial
resource savings, because they collect only those data
that are needed, and because they can be sure that the
data they collect are appropriate for their intended use.
Quality assurance is the process of management
review and oversight at the planning, implementation,
and completion stages of an environmental data
collection activity to assure that data provided by a
line operation to data users are of the quality needed
and claimed. Quality assurance should not be confused
with quality control (QQ; QC includes those activities
required during data collection to produce the data
quality desired and to document the quality of the
collected data (e.g., sample spikes and blanks).
Quality assurance programs consist of specific
activities conducted before, during and after environ-
mental data collection. During the planning of an
environmental data collection program, QA activities
focus on assuring that the quality of the data needed
by data users has been defined, and that a QC system
has been designed for measuring the quality of the
data being collected. During the implementation of a
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Multimedia
data collection effort, QA activities ensure that the QC
system is operating and that problems found by QC
are corrected. After environmental data are collected,
QA activities focus on assessing the quality of the data
obtained. Here, one determines whether the data
obtained are adequate to support data-dependent
regulatory decisions or research hypotheses.
The Quality Assurance Management Staff
(QAMS) is charged with overseeing the quality
assurance activities of the Agency. QAMS came into
being in May 1979, when the Agency recognized the
need for formalizing an Agency-wide quality assurance
program for all environmental data collection activities.
More recently, with the issuance of EPA Order 5360.1
in April 1984, the Agency's quality assurance program
has been significantly strengthened and broadened. The
Order mandates that QA be an integral part of all
environmental data collection activities, from planning
through implementation and review.
The Order identifies the activities basic to the
implementation of a QA program. These include:
• requiring QA in all Agency-supported environmen-
tal data collection activities,
• defining Data Quality Objectives,
• developing quality assurance program and projects
plans,
• conducting management and technical audits and
reviews,
• implementing corrective actions based on the
audits,
establishing achievable data quality limits for
methods cited in EPA regulations,
developing and adopting technical guidelines for
assessing data quality, and
providing for QA training
In recent years, the Agency's QA activities have
focused on identifying the basic elements that are
essential to effective quality assurance for environmen-
tal data. QAMS has put considerable emphasis on
issuing guidance defining these key elements and
describing their importance in the efficient and
effective expenditure of resources assigned to environ-
mental data collection. This guidance development
phase has now been completed, and in FY 1992
QAMS will continue with full-scale implementation
support and oversight
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Multimedia
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
OMMSQA/HQ Nancy Wentworth 1,681.3 51
89
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Radiation
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Off-Site Monitoring Program
The off-site radiation safety program is designed
to monitor levels and trends of radioactivity in the
environment surrounding nuclear weapons testing areas
to verify testing conducted in compliance with existing
radiation protection standards. In the event of any
accidental release of radioactive contaminants, EMSL/
LV has the responsibility to take action to protect the
health and safety of the public. While the primary
monitoring efforts are conducted in the off-site areas
surrounding the Department of Energy's Nevada Test
Site, former test sites in Alaska, Colorado, Mississippi,
and New Mexico are monitored on a routine basis.
In addition, this program provides quality assur-
ance for the Agency's programs for monitoring
radiation in the environment. These are supported by
providing a common source of radionuclide standards
and reference materials, and through laboratory
intercomparison studies conducted to assure data of
known quality from analyses of environmental samples
such as milk, water, air and food.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
EMSIVLV Charles Costa
OMMSQA/HQ Dwight Hlustick
178
100
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
Scientific Support for Radon Program
The goals of the radon mitigation research pro-
gram are to evaluate, develop, and demonstrate
innovative approaches to reduce indoor radon levels
and to understand the fundamental physical mecha-
nisms that influence indoor radon levels. The research
results are used to assist the Office of Radiation
Programs (ORP) implementation of the Agency's radon
program and to provide data on the latest radon
mitigation approaches to regional and state officials
and the general public.
Processes influencing radon entry are being
studied to provide the scientific basis for developing
new or improved (effective and economical) radon
reduction methods. ORD is using the data on radon
entry described above and other information to develop
90
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Radiation
and demonstrate techniques which will cost effectively
reduce indoor radon levels in new and existing homes,
schools and other structures to outdoor ambient air
levels (<1 pCi/L). This research supports the Agency's
mandate under the Indoor Radon Abatement Act
(IRAA) to reduce indoor radon levels to levels compa-
rable to those outdoors. Specific research includes:
bench and pilot scale testing to simulate the relative
importance of aggregate and surrounding soil on the
radon entry process; demonstrations to define the
ability of Active Soil Depressurization (ASD) systems
to consistently achieve levels < 1 pCi/L in homes,
shools, and other structures; determining the durability
and failure rate of currently applied mitigation systems;
evaluating innovative mitigation system designs;
demonstrating ASD and HVAC control systems as
radon mitigation options for schools; and understanding
the most significant factors that influence radon
mitigation costs. Technology transfer products includ-
ing updated technical manuals and brochures are being
produced for selected audiences.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
AEERL/RTP Michael Osborne 2,773 32
OEETD/HQ Marshall Dick 200 78
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
Electric and Magnetic Field Research
(EMF)
The Electromagnetic Field (EMF) research
program is focusing on major issues identified in the
Agency's research strategy. Studies designed to verify
the suggested association between EMF exposure and
cancer are underway. The specific focus of these
studies is to determine a plausible biological mecha-
nism and conditions under which EMF promote or
induce cancer. In addition, efforts are being designed
to develop better exposure data and models to more
accurately determine actual human exposures.
91
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Radiation
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
HERL/RTP Joe Elder 935.1 7
OHR/HQ Dave Kleffman
92
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Superfund
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Provide Techniques and Procedures for
Site and Situation Assessment
Analytical protocols, sampling techniques, moni-
toring methods, and data interpretation approaches
useful for characterizing air, surface and ground water,
wastes, and soils at Superfund sites will be developed,
evaluated, and demonstrated. These methods include
air monitoring techniques, sample collection proce-
dures, geophysical methods; x-ray fluorescence
measurements of metal concentrations; remote sensing
techniques and geographic information systems for
collection and analysis of present and historical site
data; soil core preparation procedures; portable gas
chromatography for volatile analysis; personal com-
puter-based geostatistics computer programs; and
hydraulic properties of soils.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
EMSL/CIN William Budde 555.2 41
AREAL/RTP William Mitchell 364.0 13
EMSL/LV Michael Hiatt 1,608.2 8
OMMSQA/HQ Michael DeUarco 0 0
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
Clean-up of Uncontrolled Hazardous
Waste Sites Requires Technologies for
Response and Remedial Action, for
Protecting the Personnel Involved and for
Supporting Enforcement Actions
This research program develops and evaluates
clean-up technology, demonstrating prototype equip-
ment such as mobile thermal treatment and mobile soil
washing systems. Remedial technology will be as-
sessed and technical reports provided which will
include design data and cost information. Engineering
expertise will be applied to the assessment of uncon-
trolled hazardous waste site situations to assist the
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Regions
and others in the development of corrective measure
options. In order to provide more effective long-term
technical support to the Regional Offices making
93
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Superfund
cleanup decisions, the Superfund Technical Assistance
Response Team (START) program has been estab-
lished. In addition, short-term, quick turn-around
technical programs and consultation will be provided
to the regional programs and the Office of Waste
Programs Enforcement for enforcement support.
The Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
(SITE) program has been established to enhance the
development and demonstration, and thereby establish
the commercial availability, of innovative technologies
as alternatives to containment systems. The primary
goal of the SITE program is to evaluate these tech-
nologies on Superfund materials in order to develop
reliable cost and performance data.
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
Contact
R. Olexsey
S. James
B. Blaney
R. Nalesnik
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
27,150
10
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Provide Quality Assurance—Superfund
Program Requirements
Effective remedial actions at Superfund sites
depend upon analytical data of appropriate quality.
This program provides support to the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response's Contract Labora-
tory Program (CLP), which is responsible for most
contract chemical analyses under the Superfund
program. Support is provided to the CLP in numerous
ways. Quality assurance reference materials, such as
calibration standards, quality control samples, and
performance evaluation samples are prepared, and
distributed according to uniform and consistent
protocols for analysis by contract laboratories. The
analytical data generated by the laboratories are
audited in order to assess intra- and inter-laboratory
performance and method performance. These data are
maintained in the Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Data Base. On-site contract laboratory inspections are
performed to compliment the performance evaluations.
Based on method performance data, existing analytical
protocols are reviewed and improved. A quick re-
94
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Superfund
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
sponse referee laboratory service is provided for use of
the EPA Regions.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
EMSL/CTN William Budde 962.8 17
EMSL/LV Michael Hiatt 2,277.2 35
OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement,
Program, and Regions
This function provides rapid technical expertise
and services to the Office of Waste Programs Enforce-
ment, the Office of Emergency and Remedial Re-
sponse, Regional Offices, the Environmental Response
Team, Department of Justice, and state governments.
Laboratory personnel and facilities are available on
a "when and where requested" basis to provide site-
and case-specific technical support. Assistance includes
training or advice on use of sampling and analytical
techniques and on use of appropriate assessment
models, including those for ecological risk estimation.
In addition, Technical Support Centers for information
on remedial action technologies, methods, case
histories, etc., will be continued. Bioassessment
assistance will focus on evaluation and application of
protocols to leachate and contaminated soil samples
and performing environmental assays. Technical
support will also be provided on contaminated marine
coastal areas and on polluted sediment remediation.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
RSKERL/ADA John Matthews 1,430.4 49.4
ERL/ATH Rosemarie Russo 835.9 48.4
ERL/COR Clarence Callahan 457.5 19.2
ERL/NARR Norbert Jaworski 320.3 41.6
ERL/DUL Nelson Thomas 47.7 0.0
ERL/GB Raymond Wilhour 115.1 75.2
95
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Superfund
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement,
Program, and Regions
Site specific monitoring and characterization for
all media in support of Superfund investigations is
provided to the Agency as part of the Technical
Support Program. Monitoring and characterization
support activities are provided on an as-requested
basis. These include: remote sensing for historical and
current site assessment; air, water, ground-water, and
soils monitoring for site characterization; and analytical
chemistry support. Advice and technical assistance on
sampling methods, design of sampling plans, and
sample analysis is provided. The full range of quality
assurance/quality control assistance is offered including
design and review of quality assurance plans, provision
of quality control materials, and data analysis and
interpretation.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
EMSL/CIN William Budde 406.9 33
AREAL/RTP William Mitchell 560.6 39
EMSL/LV Michael Hiatt 1553.8 44
OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco
Scientific
Assessment
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement,
Program, and Regional Offices
Risk assessment support is being provided to
support enforcement, program, and regional office
needs for both the remedial planning and cost recovery
efforts. Major efforts include review assessments
submitted by regions; provision of risk assessment
information, often on a quick turnaround, through a
Technical Support Center for Health and Risk Assess-
ment; development of guidance materials; and offering
training courses.
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
ECAO/CIN
Contact
Kevin Garrahan
Pei-Feng Hurst
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
997
71.3
96
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Superfund
Health Effects
Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk
Assessment and Detection Research
Research develops data and methods to improve
the Superfund human health evaluation process,
evaluate the health effects associated with cleanup
options, and develops biomonitoring methods. The
Superfund risk assessment process involves assessment
of toxicity, exposure, and dose in support of the
characterization of risk. The research provides im-
proved health evaluation measures to detect, assess,
and evaluate the risks to human health from hazardous
substances as needed for Superfund removal and
remedial cleanup decisions.
Research will be implemented to evaluate the
additivity assumption now being used in the assess-
ment of waste mixtures. Test methods will develop
screening techniques for early detection of adverse
health effects, and improved measurement of health
endpoints particularly noncancer endpoints such as
reproductive effects. Predictive techniques that can
reduce the uncertainties in risk assessment caused by
data limitations will be developed and site-specific data
will be generated in response to requests from the
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, the
Office of Waste Programs Enforcement and EPA
Regional Offices.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
Robert Dyer
Thomas Miller
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
3,462
12
Scientific
Assessment
Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk
Assessment and Detection Research
The scientific assessment research program is
developing data and procedures for filling in knowl-
edge and information gaps that exist in the Superfund
public health evaluation process. Specific areas of
research include improved evaluation techniques for
non-cancer health effects, research programs in
pharmacokinetic modeling, understanding of
biomarkers, understanding of complex mixtures, and
97
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Superfund
development of improved exposure assessment meth-
odology, especially as it relates to complex exposures.
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
Contact
Michael Callahan 1,972
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
8.6
Scientific
Assessment
Health Effects Assessments
Health and environmental effects documents are
being prepared for the chemicals most frequently found
at candidate sites to assist OERR, the Enforcement
office and the Regions in evaluating alternative
cleanup decisions at uncontrolled waste sites.
Office or
Laboratory
ECAO/CIN
Contact
Bruce Peirano
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
540
55.0
Scientific
Assessment
Superfund Reporteble Quantity Regulatory
Efforts
Chemical-specific data are being provided on
carcinogenicity and chronic effects to support estab-
lishment or adjustment of Reportable Quantities (RQs)
for CERCLA Hazardous Substances. These include
chemical-specific information for listing of hazardous
wastes as CERCLA Hazardous Substances in associa-
tion with Section 3001 of RCRA, consideration of
other lists of chemicals to be CERCLA Hazardous
Substances, designations of new substances, and
updates to previous RQ calculations.
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
Contact
Bruce Peirano
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
728
24.5
98
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Superlund
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Field Screening Techniques for
Assessment and Evaluation
This research activity is designed to develop
procedures for evaluating the ecological hazards and
risks associated with hazardous waste sites and their
remedial operations. Ecological endpoints, important to
the Superfund program, will be identified and appro-
priate methods for evaluating the ecological hazards
and risks associated with hazardous wastes at Super-
fund sites will be validated. Available methods will be
customized to the extent possible to provide site-
specific field assessment methods. A multimedia,
human exposure/risk assessment methodology for
prioritizing candidate remedial action sites in terms of
their threats to human health will be developed and
applied.
A second purpose is to acquire subsurface process
and characterization information that will allow
development of a decision-making framework for
evaluating the appropriateness and potential efficacy of
remediation technologies such as pump-and-treat and
various physical/chemical/biological methods. The
program will consist of studies on methods for site
characterization, immiscible fluid flow and residual
saturation, mass transport in heterogenous media, and
accelerated remediation methods.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
RSKERL/ADA James McNabb 832.6 0
ERL/ATH Rosemarie Russo 80.3 53.5
ERL/NARR William G. Nelson 297.4 0
ERL/COR Anne Fairbrother 200.0 0
ERL/DUL Philip M. Cook 115.5 33.8
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Field Screening Techniques for
Assessment and Evaluation
Section 31 lc of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act authorizes EPA to conduct
research "with respect to ... detection of hazardous
substances in the environment." The purpose of this
99
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Superfund
program is to develop and evaluate monitoring tech-
niques and systems which are rapid and inexpensive,
fill technical voids, integrate monitoring systems into
multimedia site assessments, and are as specific,
selective and sensitive as possible. Innovative ap-
proaches which offer potentially significant cost and
time savings to Superfund site investigations are
studied. These include: development of improved
statistical sampling designs, development of improved
techniques for managing and interpreting field data,
and development of screening techniques such as
immunoassay and chemical sensors.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
EMSL/LV Michael Hiatt 1,871.5 11
OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco
Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Monitoring Technology, Development, and
Demonstration
Section 31 Ib of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act requires EPA to conduct the
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE)
program, which seeks to accelerate the application of
promising new technologies to Superfund problems.
Examples of technologies being studied and demon-
strated include fiber optic chemical sensors for ground
water contamination, immunoassay systems for organic
contamination, canisters for air sampling, x-ray
fluorescence for rapid metals screening, geophysical
equipment for remote sensing of buried waste, and
cone penetrometers for rapid and extended depth soil
sampling.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds($K) In-House
EMSL/LV Michael Hiatt
OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco
689.4
16
100
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Superfund
Exploratory
Research
Hazardous Substance Research Centers
Program
Authorized by the 1986 amendments to the
Superfund Act, the Hazardous Substance Research
Centers (HSRC) program supports five university-
based research centers across the country.
The centers, which consist of multi-university
consortia, were selected through a competitive peer
review process and established in February 1989. Each
center has an eight-year life expectancy and receives
$1.0 million annually from EPA/OER. At least 20% of
the total center's resources must be provided by
university, state, or private sources. In addition, each
center is building additional federal and industrial
support for their research and technology transfer
programs. This additional support is helping build the
reputation of the centers as experts in research and
technology transfer for hazardous substance manage-
ment The lead institution and research focus of each
center include:
Region-Pair 1-2: New Jersey Institute of Technology:
Incineration
Region-Pair 3-5: The University of Michigan: Biore-
mediation
Region-Pair 4-6: North Carolina State University:
Waste minimization
Region-Pair 7-8: Kansas State University: Soils
Region-Pair 9-10: Stanford University: Groundwater
Office or
Laboratory
OER/HQ
Contact
Dale Manty
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
5,000 0
Exploratory
Research
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) Program—Superfund
EPA is required to devote 1.25% of its extramural
budget to Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR).
The SBIR Program funds, via contracts, small busi-
nesses with ideas relevant to EPA's mission. Proposals
are solicited in the fall of each year for Phase I
research. Phase I research consists of feasibility studies
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Superfund
which are supported at a level of up to $50,000. Of
these Phase I studies, the best are selected for Phase II
studies where actual product development is started.
Phase II studies are supported up to a level of
$150,000. Results from the SBIR Program are ex-
pected to lead to the commercial development of a
product or process used in pollution control.
Office or
Laboratory
OER/HQ
Contact
Donald Carey
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
692
0
Exploratory
Research
Superfund Research Grants
The Superfund research grants program supports
research initiated by individual investigators in areas of
priority interest to the Agency. Research proposals are
solicited via the Request for Applications (RFA),
which is a targeted solicitation mechanism that
identifies Agency research needs in well-defined areas.
Only proposals which specifically address those needs
are accepted for review and possible funding.
Office or
Laboratory
OER/HQ
Contact
Roger Cortesi
Total Percent
Funds ($K) In-House
1,649.1
0
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Evaluate Technologies to Manage
Uncontrolled Waste Sites
This research activity is focused on evaluating
both naturally-occurring and improved microorganisms
for the degradation of hazardous substances. Present
knowledge and available biodegradation technology
will be expanded to enable this cleanup technique to
be advanced as a viable option to existing chemical
and physical remediation processes.
To effect cleanup of hazardous chemicals in the
environment, edaphic and genetic methods to enhance
the biodegradative ability of indigenous and introduced
microorganisms are being studied. Principles for
application of this information to hazardous waste sites
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Superfund
are being developed using in-situ and above-ground
reactor technology. The program will identify high
priority chemical structures for study, develop gene
banks of novel capabilities, and develop approaches for
rapid biodegradation. All extramural monies will be
expended by the participating laboratories subject to
final planning actions.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($K) In-House
RSKERL/ADA John T. Wilson 642.2 27.9
ERL/ATH Rosemarie Russo 586.4 14.7
ERL/GB HapPritchard 845.3 10.3
103
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Overview
Introduction
The primary goal of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is to mitigate the
adverse impacts of pollution on human health and the environment. Toward that end,
Agency management must make decisions regarding the development of policy,
guidance, standards, regulations, and the appropriate tools for implementing pollution
abatement strategies. It is the primary mission of the Office of Research and Devel-
opment (ORD) to provide high quality, timely scientific and technical information in
the service of Agency goals. The Agency's research program is conducted through 12
environmental laboratories across the country, employing some 1900 people, with an
annual budget of about $490 million. The research focuses on areas targeted by the
planning process as needing additional emphasis in order to provide the information
required for Agency decision making.
Research Perspectives
The overall planning process engenders an applied research and development
program focused on answering key scientific and technical questions related to EPA's
decision making, short-term scientific and technical studies supporting immediate
regulatory and enforcement decisions. In addition, ORD maintains a longer-term core
research program that extends the knowledge base of environmental science and
anticipates environmental problems. This research and development program is
focused on the following functional areas:
• Health effects research—to determine exposure and adverse effects of pollutants
on human health
• Ecological effects research—to determine exposure and adverse effects of
pollutants on ecological resources
• Environmental process and fate research—to understand how pollutants are
transported and modified as they move through soils, ground and surface waters,
and the atmosphere
• Environmental monitoring research—to develop methods of identifying pollutants
in the environment and measuring exposure to such substances and to develop
indicators by which the status and trends of ecosystems can be identified
• Risk assessment research—to develop methods to integrate information on
pollutant sources, fate and transport, exposure, and health and ecological effects
in order to assess the overall risk posed by a pollutant or a group of pollutants
Risk reduction research—to develop methods and technologies to reduce or
eliminate the sources of pollutants or to prevent exposure to pollutants; to
develop control technologies to treat, destroy, or contain pollutants
In addition to functional areas, several cross-media problems also categorize
the total ORD program. Those cross-media problems receiving special emphasis at
present and for the foreseeable future and the Agency programs most concerned are:
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Overview
• Global climate change (air, water, hazardous waste);
• Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (water, air, energy);
• Total and human exposure assessment (air, water, hazardous waste/Superfund,
pesticides/toxic substances);
• Ground Water (water, hazardous waste/Superfund);
• Pollution Prevention (hazardous waste, pesticides, multimedia);
• Comparative risk for complex mixtures (air, water, hazardous waste/Superfund,
pesticides/toxic substances); and
Technology Transfer (all).
Conclusions
ORD's ongoing activities evolve from a process of mediation between research
concepts and regulatory/programmatic applications, as well as from a growing fund of
commonly held priorities and core values. Increasingly, ORD plans new expanded
research based on issues that pose the greatest risk to human health and the environ-
ment As the Agency continues to refine strategies for addressing increasingly com-
plex environmental problems, the goal of ORD is to affect those strategies with sound
science, sound judgment, and vision.
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Office of Research
Program Management
Clarence Marian, Dir.
Assistant Administrator for
Research and Development
Erich Bretthauer
Deputy Assistant Administrator
John Skinner
Office of Modeling,
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
H. Matthew Bills,* Dir
Atmospheric
Research &
Exposure
Assessment
Lab., Reserach
Triangle Park, NC
Gary Foley, Dir.
Environmental
Monitoring Systems
Lab., Cincinnati, OH
Tom Clark, Dir.,
Office of Environmenta!
Engineering &
Technology
Demonstration
Alfred Lindsey, Dir.
Risk Reduction
Engineering Lab.,
Cincinnati, OH
Timothy Oppelt, Dir.
Air & Energy
Engineering
Research Lab.,
Research Triangle
Park, NC
Frank Princiotta, Dir.
Environmental
Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV
Robert Snelling, * Dir.
•Acting
Office of Environmental
Processes & Effects
Research
Courtney Riordan, Dir.
Environmental Research
Lab., Corvallis, OR
Thomas Murphy, Dir.
Environmental Research
Lab., Athens, GA
Rosemane Russo, Dir.
Environmental Research
Lab., Duluth, MN
Oilman Veith, Dir. ,
Environmental Research
Lab., Narragansett, Rl
Norbert Jaworski, Dir.
Environmental Research
Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Robert Menzer, Dir.
R.S. Kerr Environmental
Research Lab., Ada, OK
Clinton Hall, Dir.
Research
Roger Cortesi, Dir.
Support
Peter Preuss, Dir.
Office of Health
Research
Ken Sexton, Dir.
Health Effects
Research Lab.,
Research Triangle
Park, NC
Lawrence Reiter,
Dir
Center for
Environmental
Research Information,
Cincinnati OH
Calivn Lawrence, Dir.
Office of Health &
Environmental
Assessment
William Fariand, Dir.
Human Health
Assessment Group
Hugh McKinnon, Dir.
Exposure Assessment
Group
Michael Callahan, Dir.
Environmental Criteria
& Assessment Office,
Research Triangle
Park, NC
Lester Grant, Dir.
Environmental Criteria
& Assessment Office
Cincinnati, OH
Terence Harvey, Dir.
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ORD Organization
Please note, the list below includes both commercial (CML) and Federal (FTS)
telephone numbers. Where only one number is listed, it serves both purposes.
Assistant Administrator for Research and Development-
Erich Bretthauer (202) 260-7676
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-672)
Deputy Assistant Administrator
John H. Skinner (202) 260-7676
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-672)
Senior ORD Official, Cincinnati
Senior Official, Calvin O. Lawrence CML (513) 569-7951
Cincinnati, OH 45268 FTS 8-684-7951
Office of Senior ORD Official, Cincinnati
Director, Andrew Avel CML (513) 569-7951
Cincinnati, OH 45268 FTS 8-684-7951
Senior ORD Official, Research Triangle Park
Senior Official, Gary Foley CML (919) 541-2613
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 FTS 8-629-2613
Office of Senior ORD Official, Research Triangle Park
Director, John J. Neal CML (919) 541-0179
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 FTS 8-629-0179
Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory Support
Director, Peter W. Preuss (202) 260-7669
Headquarters, Washington, DC (H-8105)
Deputy Director, Jay Benforado (202) 260-7669
Regulatory Support Staff
Director, Jay Benforado (202) 260-7669
Technology Transfer Staff
Director, Mike Moore (202) 260-7671
Center for Environmental Research Information (CERI)
Director, Calvin Lawrence CML (513) 569-7391
Cincinnati, OH 45268 FTS 8-684-7391
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ORD Organization
Regional Operations Staff
Director, David Klauder (202) 260-7667
Regional Scientist Program Coordinator,
Ron Landy (202) 260-7667
Superfund Technical Liaison Program Coordinator
Jerry R. Carman (202) 260-7667
Office of Research Program Management
Director, Clarence E. Mahan
Deputy Director, (Vacant)
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-674)
Evaluation and Review Staff
Chief, Thomas L. Hadd
Planning Staff
Chief, Peter Durant
Program and Information Management Staff
Chief, Linda K. Smith
Program Coordination Staff
Chief, Joanne Rodman
Information System Staff
Chief, Clifford Moore
(202) 260-7500
CML (202) 260-7659
FTS 8-260-7659
CML'(202) 260-2597
FTS 8-260-2597
CML (202) 260-7462
FTS 8-260-7462
CML (202) 260-7468
FTS 8-260-7468
CML (202) 260-7471
FTS 8-260-7471
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology
Demonstration
Director, Alfred Lindsey (202) 260-2600
Deputy Director, Stephen Lingle
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-681)
Program Development Staff
Director, Greg Ondich (202) 260-5748
Program Management Staff
Director, Al Galli (202) 260-2583
Deputy Director, Steve Jackson
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ORD Organization
Field Laboratories
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
Director, Frank Princiotta (MD-60) CML (919) 541-2821
Deputy Director, Blair Martin FTS 8-629-2821
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
Director, E. Timothy Oppelt CML (513) 569-7418
Deputy Director, John Convery FTS 8-684-7418
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Releases Control Branch
Chief, Jack Farlow CML (201) 321-6635
Edison, NJ 08817 FTS 8-340-6635
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
Director, Courtney Riordan (202) 260-5950
Deputy Director, Michael W. Slimak
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-682)
Program Operations Staff
Director, Patricia M. Neuschatz (202) 260-5962
Terrestrial and Ground Water Effects Staff
Director, Jackie Durham (202) 260-8930
Marine, Freshwater and Modeling Staff
Director, (Vacant) (202) 260-5791
Field Laboratories
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, Clinton W. Hall CML (405) 332-8800
P.O. Box 1198 FTS 8-743-2224
Ada, OK 74820
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, Rosemarie C. Russo CML (404) 546-3500
Director for Research Operations, FTS 8-250-3500
Robert R. Swank
College Station Road
Athens, GA 30613
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ORD Organization
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, Thomas A. Murphy CML (503) 757-4601
Deputy Director, Robert T. Lackey FTS 8-420-4601
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, Oilman D. Veith CML (218) 727-6692
Associate Director for Research, FTS 8-780-5550
Steven F. Hedtke
6201 Congdon Boulevard
Duluth, MN 55804
Monticello Field Station CML only
Box 500 (612) 295-5145
Monticello, MN 55362
Large Lakes Research Station CML (313) 692-7600
9311 Groh Road FTS 8-378-7600
Grosse He, MI 48138
Environmental Research Laboratory
.Director, Norbert A. Jaworski CML (401) 782-3001
Acting Deputy Director, Donald K. Phelps FTS 8-838-6001
South Ferry Road
Nairagansett, RI 02882
Hatfield Marine Science Center CML (503) 867-4040
Newport, OR 97365 FTS 8-430-4040
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, Robert E. Menzer CML (904) 934-9200
Deputy Director, Raymond G. Wilhour FTS 8-228-9200
Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
Office of Exploratory Research
Director, Roger Cortesi (202) 260-5750
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-675)
Research Grants Staff
Director, Robert Papetti (202) 260-7473
Research Centers Program
Director, Karen Morehouse (202) 260-5750
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ORD Organization
Visiting Scientists Program
Coordinator, Alvin Edwards
Small Business Innovation Research Program
Director, Donald Carey
(202) 260-7473
(202) 383-7445
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
Director, William H. Farland
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-689)
Program Operations Staff
Director, Barry Goldfarb
Program Liaison Staff
Director, Jerry Moore
Technical Information Staff
Director, Marie Pfaff
Human Health Assessment Group
Director, Hugh McKinnon
Exposure Assessment Group
Director, Michael Callahan
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
Director, Lester Grant (MD-52)
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
Director, Terence Harvey
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (202) 260-7315
FTS 8-260-7315
CML (202) 260-7311
FTS 8-260-7311
CML (202) 260-7323
FTS 8-260-7323
CML (202) 260-7345
FTS 8-260-7345
CML (202) 260-7338
FTS 8-260-7338
CML (202) 260-8909
FTS 8-260-8909
CML (919) 541-4173
FTS 8-629-4173
CML (513) 569-7531
FTS 8-684-7531
Office of Health Research
Director, Ken Sexton
Deputy Director, David Kleffman
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-683)
Health Research Management Staff
Director, Mary Ellen Radzikowski
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Director, Lawrence W. Reiter (MD-51)
Deputy Director, Harold Zenick
(202) 260-5900
(202) 260-5891
CML (919) 541-2281
FTS 8-629-2281
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ORD Organization
Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
Acting Director, H. Matthew Bills (202) 260-5767
Acting Deputy Director, Jack Puzak
Associate Director, Jack Puzak (202) 260-5767
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-680)
Program Operations Staff
Director, Paul D. Palm (202) 260-5761
Quality Assurance Management Staff
Director, Nancy Wentworth (202) 260-5763
Modeling and Monitoring Systems Staff
Director, Fredrick W. Kutz (202) 260-5776
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) Staff
Acting Director, Fredrick W. Kutz (202) 260-5776
Atmospheric Research and Exposure
Assessment Laboratory
Director, Gary J. Foley CML (919) 541-2106
Deputy Director, (Vacant) FTS 8-629-2106
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
Director, Thomas A. Clark CML (513) 569-7301
Deputy Director, Gerald D. McKee FTS 8-684-7301
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
Acting Director, Robert N. Snelling CML (702) 798-2525
Acting Deputy Director, Margaret A. Rostker FTS 8-545-2525
P.O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478
Vint Hill Station
Director, Donald Garofalo CML (703) 347-6224
P.O. Box 1587, Building 166 FTS 8-557-3110
Warrenton, VA 22186
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Office of
Technology
Transfer and
Regulatory Support
The Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory
Support (OTTOS) is responsible for three broad
functions. The first function is to ensure that the
Agency's regulations, legislation, and other policy
decisions are based on the best scientific and technical
information available. OTTRS staff coordinates the
input from ORD offices and laboratories to the
regulations and participates at all levels of the regula-
tory process. The second function, technology transfer,
implements a program to share the results of ORD's
research and development outside the Agency. In
coordination with the laboratories and program offices,
OTTOS and the Center for Environmental Research
Information (CERI) develop technology transfer
products. Those products include databases, publica-
tions, seminars, and workshops which are available to
state and local governments, academia, international
organizations, as well as others with an interest in
environmental science and technology. The third
function, regional operations, is the ORD liaison with
EPA's regional offices. Regional operations staff
promotes regional interests in the research planning
process as well as technology transfer through the
Regional Scientist Program and the Regional Super-
fund Technical Liaison Program.
Office of Research
Program
Management
The Office of Research Program Management
(ORPM) is a principal staff office to the Assistant
Administrator. In this role, ORPM provides executive
leadership and guidance on matters of budgeting,
accountability, program planning, analysis, review,
integration and coordination, resource management,
organizational and manpower management, environ-
mental compliance, policy development and analysis,
and administrative development and management
services. ORPM is responsible for the overall budget
execution and financial management of all ORD
resources. ORPM is also responsible for assuring that
the budget requests to the Agency, OMB, and Con-
gress respond to the regulatory and programmatic
needs of EPA, while at the same time anticipating
future environmental research necessary to address
emerging issues. ORPM also has national responsibil-
ity for human resource management (HRM) programs
within ORD, with the ORD Comprehensive Human
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Resource Management Plan providing the basis for
these programs.
Office of
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology
Demonstration
The Office of Environmental Engineering and
Technology Demonstration (OEETD) is responsible for
the assessment and the development of methods for
control of the environmental and socio-economic
impacts of municipal and industrial operations and of
energy and mineral resource extraction, processing,
conversion, and utilization systems.
The Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory in
Cincinnati, Ohio, investigates ways to prevent, control,
and treat hazardous wastes and Superfund related
activities. This includes defining and characterizing
sources of pollution, catalyzing advances in the state-
of-the-art of pollution control, providing engineering
concepts for cost-effective engineering solutions to
difficult pollution problems and early-warning of
emerging sources of pollution.
It also investigates, develops and demonstrates
cost-effective methods for the treatment and manage-
ment of municipal wastewater and sludges and urban
runoff; and of industrial processing and manufacturing
and toxic discharges; and the development of technol-
ogy and management systems for the treatment,
distribution and presentation of public drinking water
supplies.
Drinking Water: This research program integrates
chemistry, engineering, microbiology, and cost to
provide effective, reliable, and cost-effective
techniques for assuring the delivery of safe
drinking water to reduce the risk of chemically
and microbiologically induced health effects to the
public. Included are laboratory, pilot plant, and
field studies on control of lead, radon, synthetic
organics, disinfection by-products, viruses, and
cysts.
• Hazardous Wastes: This program focuses on
investigating incineration, land disposal and
alternative technologies for treating, detoxifying,
and disposing of hazardous wastes.
• LUST Trust Fund Technical Support: This pro-
gram works in close support to the Office of
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ORD Organizational Descriptions
Underground Storage Tanks (OUST) to develop
procedures for detecting and preventing leaks from
storage tanks and associated piping. Under the
LUST Trust Fund, technical assistance is provided
on site assessment, technology selection, and
corrective action to decision officials.
Pesticides: This research program evaluates
processes for treating wastes from production,
application and disposal of pesticides. The pro-
gram also evaluates treatment alternatives for
disposing cancelled and suspended pesticides, and
provides data and guidance on the effectiveness of
protective equipment for reducing worker exposure
to pesticides.
Superfund: Research is directed at identifying,
developing and evaluating technologies to support
remediation, removal and enforcement actions. The
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
(SITE) program facilitates development and
conducts demonstrations of innovative technolo-
gies as alternatives to containment. The Superfund
Technical Assistance Response Team (START)
provides engineering and scientific assistance to
Regional Offices, Program Offices, and others on
the cleanup of hazardous wastes, particularly those
associated with Superfund sites.
Toxic Chemical Testing and Assessment: One goal
of this research program is to provide test proto-
cols, treatment and control procedures for regulat-
ing the manufacture and use of existing toxic
chemicals (including asbestos); assessing release
and exposure in review of Premanufacturing
Notices (PMNs) for new chemicals; and evaluating
techniques and devices to contain and destroy
genetically engineered organisms are two other
goals.
Wastewater Treatment (Municipal and Industrial):
Research efforts are focused on developing cost-
effective methods for treating municipal wastewa-
ter and sludges, urban runoff, and industrial
wastewater discharges from processing and
manufacturing operations. The main goal is to
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ORD Organizational Descriptions
provide design and operating guidelines for
efficient wastewater management based on the
principles of pollution prevention and process
integration. The research also includes the devel-
opment of toxicity-based permitting via use of
bioassay procedures.
• Municipal Waste: This program promotes the
integration of municipal solid waste management
technologies through research on safe and effective
recycling practices, reducing multimedia pollutant
releases from municipal land disposal facilities,
and research on the utilization and safe disposal of
municipal waste combustion residues.
• Pollution Prevention: Research is conducted (1) to
assess opportunities for multi-media pollution
prevention through source reduction and recycling
within operating industrial facilities, (2) to develop
and demonstrate innovative pollution prevention
technologies for industrial and transportation sector
processes, (3) to develop and standardize method-
ologies for performing consumer product life cycle
analyses and for measuring waste reduction.
• Oilspills: As a result of EPA's involvement in
efforts to clean up the Alaskan oil spill, research
is underway to develop and evaluate remediation
technologies. The program emphasizes exploiting
the natural ability of indigenous microorganisms to
degrade oil, with or without nutrient addition.
The major purpose of the Air and Energy Engi-
neering Research Laboratory is to develop and assess
methods and technologies for preventing, or reducing
the effects of air pollutants on human health and
welfare, and on the global environment.
• Acid Rain: This program focuses on developing
innovative controls for acid rain precursors, SO2
and NOx, including the Limestone Injection
Multistage Burner; developing models that will
identify the best possible control alternatives for
various scenarios; and developing inventories of
acid rain precursor emissions.
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ORD Organizational Descriptions
Air Toxics: Emphasis is placed on developing
technologies and pollution prevention approaches
to reduce emissions of volatile organic compounds
(VOCs); identifying sources of VOCs; developing
improved designs that will achieve better control
of woodstove emissions; and providing direct
technical assistance to state and local agencies
through the Control Technology Center (CTC)
which has extensive information on existing
technologies applicable to a variety of air pollution
sources.
Hazardous Wastes: The primary goal of this
program is to study the fundamental combustion
mechanisms that influence thermal destruction of
hazardous wastes. Included are studies of metal
aerosols from waste incineration, failure modes in
a small pilot-scale rotary kiln, and small pilot-
scale studies of fluidized-bed incineration.
Indoor Air Quality/Radon: Research is currently
concentrating on (1) developing and demonstrating
technologies for reducing the entry of naturally-
occurring radon into houses, schools and other
public buildings, (2) studying emissions from
building materials and consumer products as
sources of indoor air pollution, (3) evaluating the
effects of "sinks" that adsorb/desorb pollutants in
the indoor environment, and (4) evaluating indoor
air control options for gases and particles.
Municipal Waste Combustion: Work focuses on
evaluating techniques to minimize pollutant
formation during combustion, and determining the
effectiveness of various devices in controlling air
pollution from municipal waste incinerators.
Ozone Non-Attainment: This program supports
ORD's overall ozone non-attainment strategy by
developing innovative technologies, mitigation
strategies, process modifications and improving
existing technologies which will prevent, or
reduce, the emission of hydrocarbons, nitrogen
oxides and VOCs.
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Stratospheric Ozone: In cooperation with industry,
AEERL evaluates, identifies, and recommends
substitute products and new industrial processes
which will replace ozone depleting substances that
are now in use. The current emphasis is on
alternatives for home and commercial refrigeration
systems.
Global Climate Change: This program is evaluat-
ing mitigation options for greenhouse gases
(carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide) including
innovative technological solutions to the problem.
Also planned are inventories of emissions that are
contributing to global climate change.
Office of
Environmental
Processes and
Effects Research
The Office of Environmental Processes and Effects
Research (OEPER) is responsible for the administra-
tion of a broad range of ecological research programs.
These programs are structured to provide the scientific
data and technological methods necessary to under-
stand the entry and movement of pollutants into the
environment and to determine the effects of such
substances on organisms and ecosystems. The informa-
tion and research products resulting from these
programs are directly applicable to fulfilling the
Agency's regulatory responsibilities.
Research is conducted within the full realm of
environmental media—atmosphere, soil, ground water,
surface water, and coastal and marine waters. Major
areas of study include toxic substances, hazardous
waste, pesticides, acid deposition, biotechnology,
global climate change, stratospheric ozone, wetlands,
water quality, ecological risk assessment, and status of
critical ecological resources. The Office actively
provides technical support in environmental science
and technology to regions and states in order to assist
in problem solving and to transfer information and
technology to local users.
The Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Laboratory (RSKERL) in Ada, Oklahoma, serves as
U.S. EPA's center for ground water research, focusing
its efforts on studies of the transport and fate of
contaminants in the subsurface, development of
methodologies for protection and restoration of ground-
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ORD Organizational Descriptions
water quality, and evaluation of the applicability and
limitations of using natural soil and subsurface pro-
cesses for the treatment of hazardous wastes. Subsur-
face transport and fate information is incorporated into
mathematical models for use in predicting the transport
and fate of contaminants in the subsurface. Efforts to
support the immediate needs and activities of EPA's
operating programs are focused on the Underground
Injection Control Program, the Wellhead Protection
Program and the Hazardous Waste and Superfund
Programs. RSKERL's Technology Support Program
provides decision-makers with a source of information
on subsurface fate and transport of contaminants and
in situ remediation technologies, as well as the
associated expert assistance required to effectively use
this information.
The Environmental Research Laboratory in
Athens, Georgia, conducts and manages fundamental
and applied research, and provides technical assistance/
technology transfer, required by the Agency to predict
the transformation, speciation, and transport of pollut-
ants across and within the air-water-soil-media. This
research is the foundation for the development of risk-
based methodologies (1) to assess the potential
ecological and human exposures and risks associated
with conventional and toxic pollutants in the water-
sediment of aquatic/marine ecosystems and in soil
ecosystems, (2) to quantify the interactions of soil
ecosystems with and responses to global climate
change, and (3) to design and evaluate strategies for
soil-related remediation/risk reduction techniques, such
as nonpoint source control and contaminated soil
cleanup.
This research identifies and characterizes the
natural biological and chemical processes that deter-
mine the environmental fate and effects of specific
toxic substances, such as pesticides or metals. The
results are applied in state-of-the-art computer models
for assessing and managing environmental pollution
problems. Emphasized research areas in FY92 are
radiatively important trace (greenhouse) gas emissions
from temperate and tropical terrestrial/soil systems in
response to global climate change, ecological risk
assessment, sediment quality evaluation, artificial
intelligence-expert systems for predicting chemical
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ORD Organizational Descriptions
reactivity, bioremediation, hazardous waste site
evaluation, and wellhead protection.
EPA's Center for Exposure Assessment Modeling
(CEAM), an internationally known center of modeling
expertise located at the Athens Lab, provides models,
training, and applications support for multimedia
exposure assessment related to remedial actions at
Superfund sites, for corrective actions at RCRA
facilities and for ecological exposure and risk assess-
ment support for pesticides, toxics, and general water
quality management
The Environmental Research Laboratory in
Corvallis, Oregon, conducts research on terrestrial and
watershed ecology and assesses the comprehensive
ecological impact of inland pollution and other
environmental changes caused by man. This includes
the ecological effects of airborne pollutants, such as
acid deposition; the ecological effects of global climate
and UV-B changes; the effects of toxic chemicals on
terrestrial plants, animals, and ecosystems; the assess-
ment and restoration of contaminated or degraded
environments; the characterization and assessment of
the vulnerability of ecological systems such as wet-
lands, to human impacts; and the ecological risks from
the terrestrial release of bioengineered organisms and
other biological control agents.
The Environmental Research Laboratory in
Duluth, Minnesota, is primarily responsible for
developing water quality criteria and other measures of
ecological health for the Nation's freshwaters. The
mission of this laboratory is to develop methods for
predicting and assessing the effects of pollutants and
pollution activities on freshwater resources. Located on
Lake Superior, the laboratory specializes in the
toxicology of industrial chemicals, pesticides, and
other hazardous substances.
Primary research programs include developing
ecosystem response models, diagnostic methods for
watersheds and mass balance ecosystem models for the
Great Lakes. Studies of exotic species, integration of
research data into EMAP, and non-point pollution also
will be of high priority.
ERL-Duluth continues to conduct its research in
surface freshwater systems, both flowing and lakes,
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ORD Organizational Descriptions
including the Great Lakes (Gross He, MI) and freshwa-
ter wetlands (Monticello, MN). Research programs
center on stresses from water criteria pollutants,
xenobiotics and biological stressors including climate
changes and sediments. Investigations focus on the
impact of these stresses through a risk assessment
framework including stressor source assessment,
classification/characterization, hazard identification and
stressor dose-response analysis.
The Environmental Research Laboratory at
Narragansett, Rhode Island, along with its Pacific
Coast laboratory in Newport, Oregon, is a National
Marine Water Quality Research Laboratory which has
been given expanded roles in sediment quality and
monitoring. The Laboratory's research and monitoring
efforts support primarily the EPA Office of Water,
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, and the
Office of Air and Radiation. The Laboratory efforts
respond mainly to legislative requirements of the Clean
Water Act, the Marine Protection Act, Research
Sanctuaries Act, Clean Air Act, and the Superfund
Reauthorization Act. Major emphasis is placed on
providing the scientific base for environmental criteria,
waste disposal practices, environmental analysis and
impacts, assessments of marine and estuarine risk of
regulatory activities by responsible offices.
The principal research and monitoring themes of
the Laboratory reflect its major strengths and are
critical to accomplish the Laboratory's mission and the
Ecological Risk Assessment Program of the Agency.
The Laboratory's major themes are: (1) Predictive
Biological Test Method Development, (2) Ecological
Processes and Significance, (3) Environmental Expo-
sure and Chemistry, and (4) Ecological Indicators and
Monitoring.
The Laboratory is responsible for the following
research and program areas: (1) marine and estuarine
disposal, (2) water use designation and derivation of
criteria for marine and estuarine water and sediment,
(3) environmental assessment of ocean disposal and
discharges of waste and wastewaters, (4) technical and
research support for evaluating remediation options at
proposed and designated marine/estuarine Superfund
sites, (5) research on the effects of global warming and
the depletion of stratospheric ozone on marine systems,
and (6) ecological monitoring for Near Coastal
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ORD Organizational Descriptions
Ecosystems (EMAP). Technical assistance, technology
transfer, and investigations of an emergency nature,
e.g., spills of toxic materials, are also provided to aid
EPA offices in evaluating environmental threats posed
by toxicants, other pollutants, and physical modifica-
tions along our nation's coasts. Technical assistance is
also provided to other Federal agencies, states, munici-
palities, and industry.
The Environmental Research Laboratory in Gulf
Breeze, Florida, has broad research objectives related
to the near-coastal marine environment which include
the development of scientific information for (1)
formulation of guidelines, standards, and strategies for
management of pesticides and toxic chemicals in the
near-coastal marine environment, (2) definition of
current ecological "health" status and measurement and
prediction of changes in ecological structure and
function over time, (3) description of cause(s) of
aberrant conditions or observed changes in ecological
status, and (4) application of biological systems to
bioremediate toxic and hazardous chemicals in the
environment. Research is primarily devoted to chemi-
cal compounds and biological products regulated by
EPA's Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, the
Office of Water Programs, and the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response.
Research programs specifically addressed by the
Laboratory include (1) definition and evaluation of
factors and mechanisms that affect biodegradation rates
and bioaccumulation potential in food-webs, (2)
development of procedures and evaluation protocols
for the biological treatment of toxic chemicals and
hazardous wastes in the environment, (3) determination
of effects of carcinogens, mutagens, and teratogens in
aquatic species, (4) development of principles and
applications of ecotoxicology, including measurements
and predictions of the fate and effects of chemicals
and biotechnological products on estuarine organisms,
populations, communities, and associated ecological
structure and function, (5) development and verifica-
tion of methods and data that allow extrapolation of
effects from laboratory observations to field situations,
within and among species, populations, communities,
and ecosystems, (6) development of methods to
evaluate the environmental risk of toxic chemicals and
products of biotechnology to the marine environment,
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ORD Organizational Descriptions
(7) environmental monitoring and assessment of bays
and estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico to define ecologi-
cal "health" status and to define changes over time and
cause(s), and (8) development and evaluation of
procedures and chemical and biological products for
remediating spilled oil at sea or in coastal environ-
ments.
Office of
Exploratory
Research
The Office of Exploratory Research (OER) is
responsible for planning, administering, managing and
evaluating EPA's exploratory research program in
general and, in particular, its extramural grant research
in response to Agency priorities as established by
Agency planning mechanisms. Its basic objective is to
support research aimed at developing a better basic
scientific understanding of the environment and its
inherent problems. OER accomplishes this objective
through several core programs: a Competitive Research
Grants Program, an Environmental Research Centers
Program, a Hazardous Substance Research Centers
Program, a Visiting Scientists Program and a Small
Business Innovation Research Program. Separate
descriptions of these programs are provided elsewhere
in this research guide. In addition to the core programs,
OER administers other programs which are important
to the accomplishment of the OER objective. They
include:
• A Minority Fellowship Program which awards
fellowships to college seniors and graduate
students enrolled on a full-time basis at Histori-
cally Black Colleges and Universities and majoring
in curricula that could be applied to the solution of
environmental problems.
A Minority Summer Intern Program which extends
to recipients of fellowships under the Minority
Fellowship Program the opportunity for hands-on
experience in the area of their academic training
by way of a summer internship at an EPA or other
environmental facility. (Both the Minority Fellow- »
ship Program and the Minority Summer Intern
Program are components of the Minority Institu-
tions Assistance Program, which is briefly de-
scribed elsewhere in this document)
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ORD Organizational Descriptions
The Agency's Senior Environmental Employment
Program (SEE) which utilizes the skills and talents
of older Americans to meet employment needs of
environmental programs.
The Federal Workforce Training Program which
coordinates ORD's participation in workforce
training programs used by state and local govern-
ments.
The Experimental Program to Stimulate Competent
Research (EPSCoR) which attempts to stimulate
better research and researchers in those states that
have traditionally lacked a strong university-based
research effort and have, therefore, been relatively
unsuccessful at garnering federal research support.
Office of Health and
Environmental
Assessment
The Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment (OHEA) is responsible for assessing the effects
of environmental pollutants in varying exposure
situations on human health and ecological systems and
determining the degree of risks from these exposures.
The risk assessments performed by OHEA are used by
the Agency as the scientific basis for regulatory and
enforcement decisions. OHEA's responsibilities also
include the development of risk assessment guidelines
and methodologies, and recommendations for new
research efforts that will better support future EPA risk
assessment activities and research that will reduce the
uncertainties in EPA risk assessment activities.
Comprehensive methodologies are prepared for
health assessments of both single chemicals and
complex mixtures. Technical assistance to various
Agency programs and Regional Offices concerning
acceptable pollutant levels and dose-response relations
is also provided.
The Office includes four organizational groups:
The Human Health Assessment Group provides
state-of-the-art methodology, guidance, and procedures
on the health risks associated with suspected cancer-
causing agents and the risks associated with chemicals
that are suspected of causing detrimental reproductive
effects, including mutagenic, teratogenic, and other
adverse reproductive outcomes and reduced fertility;
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ORD Organizational Descriptions
assures quality and consistency in the Agency's
scientific risk assessments; provides advice on pro-
posed testing requirements for adequate risk assess-
ments; and prepares independent risk assessments.
The Exposure Assessment Group provides advice
on the exposure characteristics and factors of agents
that are suspected of causing detrimental health effects;
provides state-of-the-art methodology, guidance, and
procedures for exposure determinations; assures quality
and consistency in the Agency's exposure assessments,
and prepares independent assessments of exposure and
recommendations concerning the exposure potential of
specific agents.
The Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, is respon-
sible for preparing air quality criteria documents and
air pollutant health assessment documents for use in
Agency regulatory activities, as well as legislatively
required health-related reports.
The Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
in Cincinnati, Ohio, prepares health and hazard
assessment documents on water pollution and solid and
hazardous wastes and hazardous air pollutants.
Office Of Health The Office of Health Research (OHR) is respon-
p w sible for developing and evaluating toxicity test
nesearcn methods and for providing toxicity data to enable the
Agency to accurately identify hazards and determine
human risk from environmental exposure. To fulfill
this mission, research is conducted in three major
areas:
• Toxicity test method development
• Generation of dose-response data
• Development of methods to use data from
toxicity testing and dose-response studies to
estimate human morbidity and mortality;
including extrapolation from animal data to
human effects, from high to low doses, from
acute toxicity to long-term effects, and from
exposure to dose.
The Health Effects Research Laboratory (HERL)
in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, conducts
research, both intramurally and extramurally, which is
125
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ORD Organizational Descriptions
responsive to these goals. Physical, biological and
chemical agents are studied; and research is conducted
in the scientific disciplines of pulmonary toxicology,
genetic toxicology, neurotoxicology, developmental and
reproductive toxicology, and epidemiology and
biometry. Research to improve the quality of health
risk assessment is being conducted through the
development of pharmacokinetic and biologically based
models. These models are being developed to more
accurately predict the relationship between environ-
mental concentration, target tissue dose and ultimate
health effect
Office of Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality
Assurance
The Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems and
Quality Assurance (OMMSQA) is responsible for: (a)
research with respect to the characterization, transport,
and fate of pollutants which are released into the
atmosphere, (b) development and demonstration of
techniques and methods to monitor and model human
and ecological exposure and to relate ambient concen-
trations to exposure by critical receptors, (c) research,
development and demonstration of new monitoring
methods, systems, techniques, and equipment for
detection, identification and characterization of pollut-
ants at the source and in the ambient environment and
for use as reference or standard monitoring methods,
(d) management and oversight of the Agency-wide
quality assurance program, and (e) development and
provision of quality assurance methods, techniques and
material including validation and standardization of
analytical methods, sampling techniques, quality
control methods, standard reference materials, and
techniques for data collection, evaluation and interpre-
tation.
The Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
in Las Vegas, Nevada, conducts research and develops
programs related to: (a) monitoring of pollutants in the
environment, (b) developing sampling strategies and
techniques for monitoring hazardous waste leaches in
soil and groundwater, (c) developing remote sensing
techniques, (d) conducting human exposure monitoring
and modeling studies covering several environmental
media, (e) evaluating analytical methods for the
characterization and quantification of hazardous wastes,
and (f) providing quality assurance in support of the
126
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ORD Organizational Descriptions
EPA's hazardous waste, Superfund, pesticides, ionizing
radiation, and acid deposition programs.
The Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
in Cincinnati, Ohio, has as its primary mission: (a)
conducting research in the development, evaluation,
and standardization of chemical and biological methods
for environmental assessments, (b) conducting research
for detecting, identifying and quantifying microbial
pathogens found in environmental media, (c) providing
technical assistance to the program office and regions
for conducting bioassessments of aquatic systems, (d)
providing quality assurance in support of the wastewa-
ter, and related solid wastes, Superfund, and toxics
program.
The Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assess-
ment Laboratory in Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina, conducts intramural and extramural research
programs through laboratory and field research in
chemical, physical, and biological sciences to: (a)
characterize and quantify present and future ambient
air pollutant levels and resultant exposures to humans
and ecosystems on local, regional, and global scales,
(b) develop and validate models to predict changes in
air pollution levels and air pollutant exposures and
determine the relationships among the factors affected
by predicted and observed changes, (c) determine
source-to-receptor relationships relating to ambient air
quality and air pollutant exposures, developing predic-
tive models to be used for assessments of regulatory
alternatives derived from these relationships, directly or
indirectly, and (d) conduct long-term research in the
areas of atmospheric methods, quality assurance, field
monitoring, biomarkers, spatial statistics, exposure
assessment, human activity patterns, and modeling
research.
127
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ORD Office/Laboratory
Abbreviations
CERI/CIN
ECAO/CIN
ECAO/RTP
EMSL/CIN
EMSL/LV
AREAL/RTP
RSKERL/ADA
ERL/ATH
Center for Environmental Research Information
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7391
FTS 8-684-7391
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7531
FTS 8-684-7531
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
CML (919) 541-4173
FTS 8-629-4173
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7301
FTS 8-684-7301
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
P.O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478
CML (702) 798-2100
FTS 8-545-2100
Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment
Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
CML (919) 541-2106
FTS 8-629-2106
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
P.O. Box 1198
Ada, OK 74820
CML (405) 332-8800
FTS 8-743-2224
Environmental Research Laboratory
College Station Road
Athens, GA 30613
CML (404) 546-3500
FTS 8-250-3500
128
-------
ORD Office/Laboratory
Abbreviations
ERL/COR
ERL/DUL
ERL/GB
ERL/NARR
HERL/RTP
RREL/CIN
AEERL/RTP
OEETD/HQ
Environmental Research Laboratory
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
CML (503) 757-4601
FTS 8-420-4601
Environmental Research Laboratory
6201 Congdon Boulevard
Duluth, MN 55804
CML (218) 727-6692
FTS 8-780-5550
Environmental Research Laboratory
Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
CML (904) 934-9200
FTS 8-228-9200
Environmental Research Laboratory
South Ferry Road
Narragansett, RI 02882
CML (401) 782-3000
FTS 8-838-6000
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
CML (919) 541-2281
FTS 8-629-2281
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7418
FTS 8-684-7418
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
CML (919) 541-2821
FTS 8-629-2821
Office of Environmental Engineering and
Technology Demonstration
(RD-681)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 260-2600
129
-------
ORD Office/Laboratory
Abbreviations
OEPER/HQ
OER/HG
OHEA/HQ
OHR/HQ
OMMSQA/HQ
OTTRS/HQ
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects
Research
(RD-682)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 260-5950
Office of Exploratory Research
(RD-675)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 260-5750
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
(RD-689)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 260-7315
Office of Health Research
(RD-683)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 260-5900
Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems and Quality
Assurance
(RD-680)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 260-5767
Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory Support
(H-8105)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 260-7669
130
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ORD Key Contacts
Abbott, Jim
Akland, Ann
Akland, Gerald
Beedlow, Peter
Benforado, Jay
Beny, Maurice
Berry, Michael
Birnbaum, Linda
Bishop, Fred
Black, Frank
Blaney, Benjamin
Bledsoe, Bert
Bond, Randall
Boyes, Williams
Brunner, Carl
Budde, William
CML (919) 541-3443
FTS 8-629-3443
CML (919) 541-2883
FTS 8-629-2883
CML (919) 541-2346
FTS 8-629-2346
CML (503) 757-4634
FTS 8-42O4634
CML (202) 260-7669
FTS 8-260-7669
CML (513) 569-7284
FTS 8-684-7284
CML (919) 541-4172
FTS 8-629-4172
CML (919) 541-2655
FTS 8-629-2655
CML (513) 569-7629
FTS 8-684-7629
CML (919) 541-3037
FTS 8-629-3037
CML (513) 569-7406
FTS 8-684-7406
CML (405) 332-8800
FTS 8-743-2324
CML (202) 260-5893
FTS 8-260-5893
CML (919) 541-7538
FTS 8-629-7538
CML (513) 569-7655
FTS 8-684-7655
CML (513) 569-7309
FTS 8-569-7309
Bufalni, Joseph
Burckte, John
Callahan, Clarence
Callahan, Michael
Calderon, Rebecca
Chapman, Robert
Clark, Robert
Clark, Thomas A.
Clements, John
Cogliano, James
Convery, John
Cook, Philip M.
Cordle, Steve
Cortesi, Roger
Costa, Charles
Costa, Daniel
CML (919) 541-2706
FTS 8-629-2706
CML (513) 569-7506
FTS 8-684-7506
CML (503) 757^651
FTS 8^20-4764
CML (202) 260-8909
FTS 8-260-8909
CML (202) 260-5893
FTS 8-260-5893
CML (919) 966-6219
FTS 8-629-6219
CML (513) 569-7201
FTS 8-684-7201
CML (513) 569-7301
FTS 8-684-7301
CML (919) 541-2188
FTS 8-629-2188
CML (202) 260-2575
FTS 8-260-2575
CML (513) 569-7601
FTS 8-684-7601
CML (218) 720-5553
FTS 8-780-5553
CML (202) 260-5940
FTS 8-260-5940
CML (202) 260-5750
FTS 8-260-5750
CML (702) 798-2305
FTS 8-545-2305
CML (919) 541-2531
FTS 8-629-2531
131
-------
ORD Key Contacts
Cote, Da
Craig, Alfred B.
Creason, John
Cupitt, Larry
Daniel, Bernie
Damey, Sally
CML (919) 541-3644
FTS 8-629-3644
CML (919) 541-2821
FTS 8-629-2821
CML (919) 541-2598
FTS 8-629-2598
CML (919) 541-2107
FTS 8-629-2107
CML (513) ,569-7411
FTS 8-684-74 11
CML (919) 541-3826
Ehrlich, Alan
Fairbrother, Anne
Farland, William
Farlow, John
Farrell, Joseph
Finkelstein, Pete
CML (202) 260-7315
FTS 8-260-7315
CML (503) 757-4651
FTS 8-420-4716
CML (202) 260-7315
FTS 8-260-7315
CML (201) 321-6635
FTS 8-340-6635
CML (513) 569-7645
FTS 8-684-7645
CML (919) 541-2347
FTS 8-629-3826
Dellarco, Michael CML (202) 260-5794
FTS 8-260-5794
Dempsey, Clyde CML (513) 569-7504
FTS 8-684-7504
DeRosa, Christopher
CML (513) 569-7531
FTS 8-684-7531
desRosiers, Paul CML (202) 260-2722
FTS 8-260-2722
Dick, Marshall
Donaldson, William
Dufour, Alfred
Dyer, Robert
Eaton, John
CML (202) 260-2583
FTS 8-260-2583
CML (404) 546-3183
FTS 8-250-3183
CML (513) 569-7218
FTS 8-684-7218
CML (919) 541-2760
FTS 8-629-2760
CML (218) 720-5557
FTS 8-780-5557
Foley, Gary
Fowle, Jack
Freeman, Harry
Galli, Alfred
Carman, Jerry
Garrahan, Kevin
Graham, Judith
Grant, Lester
Graves, Robert
Grose, Elaine
FTS 8-629-2347
CML (919) 541-2106
FTS 8-629-2106
CML (919) 541-2479
FTS 8-629-2479
CML (513) 569-7529
FTS 8-684-7529
CML (202) 260-2583
FTS 8-260-2583
CML (202) 260-7667
FTS 8-260-7667
CML (202) 260-2588
FTS 8-260-2588
CML (919) 541-0349
FTS 8-629-0349
CML (919) 541-4173
FTS 8-629-4173
CML (513) 569-7325
FTS 8-684-7325
CML (919) 541-3844
FTS 8-629-3844
132
-------
ORD Key Contacts
Hall, Robert E. CML (919) 541-2477
FTS 8-629-2477
Hangebrauck, R. P.
CML (919) 541-4134
FTS 8-629-4134
Harvey, Terence CML (513) 569-7531
FTS 8-684-7531
Hedtke, Steven CML (218) 727-5610
FTS 8-780-5610
Hem, Stephen CML (702) 798-2594
FTS 8-545-2594
Hiatt, Michael CML (702) 798-2381
FTS 8-545-2381
Highsmith, Ross CML (919) 541-7828
FTS 8-629-7828
Hill, Ronald D. CML (513) 569-7546
FTS 8-684-7546
Hiustick, Dwight CML (202) 260-5776
FTS 8-260-5776
Hogsett, William CML (503) 755^632
FTS 8-420-4632
Howard, Barry CML (919) 541-5208
FTS 8-629-5208
Hurst, Pei-Fung CML (513) 569-7585
FTS 8-684-7585
James, Steven CML (513) 569-7877
FTS 8-684-7877
Jaworski, Norbert A.
CML (401) 782-3000
FTS 8-838-6000
Jones, Bruce CML (702) 798-2671
FTS 8-545-2671
Jones, Julian CML (919) 541-2489
FTS 8-629-2489
Kapustka, Lawrence
CML (503) 757-4606
FTS 8-420-4606
Kavlock Robert CML (919) 541-2326
FTS 8-629-2326
Keith, William CML (202) 260-5776
FTS 8-260-5776
Kibby, Hal
CML (503) 757-4625
FTS 8-420-4625
Klauder, David CMS (202) 260-7667
FTS 8-260-7667
Klee, Al
CML (513) 569-7493
FTS 8-684-7493
Kleffman, David CML (202) 260-5900
FTS 8-260-5900
Knapp, Kenneth CML (919) 541-3085
FTS 8-629-3085
Koglin, Eric CML (702) 798-2237
FTS 8-545-2237
Kreissl, James CML (513) 569-7611
FTS 8-684-7611
Krishnan, Bala CML (202) 260-2613
FTS 8-260-2613
Kutz, Frederick W.
CML (202) 260-5776
FTS 8-260-5776
Lackey, Robert CML (503) 757-4601
FTS 8-420-4601
Landers, Dixon CML (503) 727-4427
FTS 8-420-4427
133
-------
ORD Key Contacts
Landreth, Robert E.
Laveille, Will C.
Laws, Ken
Lazorchak, James
Leach, Lowell
LeDuc, Sharon
Lee, Henry
Lee, Robert E.
Levinson, Barbara
Lewtas, Joellen
Lindsey, Alfred
Lykins, Ben
MacPhail, Robert
Matthews, John E.
Maxwell, Michael
CML (513) 569-7871
FTS 8-684-7871
CML (202) 260-5990
FTS 8-260-5990
CML (919) 541-5744
FTS 8-629-5744
CML (513) 569-8114
FTS 8-684-8114
CML (405) 332-8800
FTS 8-743-2333
CML (919) 541-1335
FTS 8-629-1335
CML (503) 867-4042
FTS 8-430-4042
CML (919) 541-2454
FTS 8-629-2454
CML (202) 260-5983
FTS 8-260-5983
CML (919) 541-3849
FTS 8-629-3849
CML (202) 260-4073
FTS 8-260-4073
CML (513) 569-7460
FTS 8-684-7460
CML (919) 541-7833
FTS 8-629-7833
CML (405) 332-8800
FTS 8-742-2233
CML (919) 541-3091
FTS 8-629-3091
McCarthy, Bill
CML (202) 260-2605
FTS 8-260-2605
McElroy, James L. CML (702) 798-2361
FTS 8-545-2361
McKee, Gerald
CML (513) 569-7303
FTS 8-684-7303
McKinney, James CML (919) 541-3585
FTS 8-629-3585
McKinnon, Hugh CML (202) 260-5898
FTS 8-260-5898
McNabb, James F. CML (405) 332-8800
FTS 8-743-2216
Meier, Eugene
Menzer, Robert
Miller, Thomas
CML (702) 798-2237
FTS 8-545-2237
CML (904) 934-9200
FTS 8-228-9011
CML (202) 260-5891
FTS 8-260-5891
Mitchell, William CML (919) 541-2769
FTS 8-629-2769
Moore, Martha
Moore, Michael
Mulkey, Lee A.
Mullin, Cynthia
CML (919) 541-3933
FTS 8-629-3933
CML (202) 260-7671
FTS 8-260-7671
CML (404) 546-3546
FTS 8-250-3546
CML (513) 569-7523
FTS 8-684-7523
Murphy, Thomas A.
CML (503) 757-4601
FTS 8-420-4601
134
-------
ORD Key Contacts
Nalesnik, Richard P.
CML (202) 260-2583
FTS 8-260-2583
Nelson, William G. CML (401) 782-6001
FTS 8-838-6053
Nesnow, Stephen CML (919) 541-3847
FTS 8-629-3847
Oberacker, Donald CML (513) 569-7510
FTS 8-684-7510
Olexsey, Robert CML (513) 569-7861
FTS 8-684-7861
Olson, Richard CML (503) 757-4666
FTS 8-420-4666
O'Neil. John CML (919) 966-6200
FTS 8-919-966-6200
Oppelt, Timothy. CML (513) 569-7896
FTS 8-684-7896
Pahl, Dale
CML (919) 541-1851
FTS 8-629-1851
Papa, Linda R. CML (513) 569-7587
FTS 8-684-7587
Parish, Rod CML (904) 934-9221
FTS 8-228-9221
Patton, Dorothy CML (202) 260-6743
FTS 8-260-6743
Paul, John
Paur, Dick
CML (401) 782-6037
FTS 8-838-6037
CML (919) 541-3131
FTS 8-629-3131
Pearson, Gareth CML (702) 798-2203
FTS 8-545-2203
Peirano, Bruce CML (513) 569-7540
FTS 8-684-7540
Perlin, Susan CML (202) 260-5891
FTS 8-260-5891
Pitchford, Marc CML (702) 798-2363
FTS 8-545-2363
Plyler, Everett CML (919) 541-2918
FTS 8-629-2918
Preston, Walter CML (202) 260-7445
FTS 8-260-7445
Preuss, Peter CML (202) 260-7669
FTS 8-260-7669
Pritchard, Hap CML (904) 934-9260
FTS 8-228-9260
Puzak, Jack CML (202) 260-5767
FTS 8-260-5767
Radzikowski, Mary Ellen
CML (202) 260-5891
FTS 8-260-5891
Reiter, Larry CML (919) 541 -2281
FTS 8-629-2281
Rhodes, William CML (919) 541-2853
FTS 8-629-2853
Ringold, Paul CML (202) 260-5609
FTS 8-260-5609
Riordan, Courtney CML (202) 260-5950
FTS 8-260-5950
Rogers, Charles CML (513) 569-7757
FTS 8-684-7757
Rossman, Lewis CML (513) 569-7603
FTS 8-684-7603
135
-------
ORD Key Contacts
Royer, Michael CML (201) 321-6633 Stelz, Bill. CML (202) 260-5776
FTS 8-340-6633 FTS 8-260-5776
Russo, Rosemarie, C. Stevens, Al CML (513) 569-7342
CML (404) 546-3500 FTS 8-684-7342
FTS 8-250-3500
Swank, Robert CML (404) 546-3500
Saint, Chris CML (202) 260-5776 FTS 8-250-3500
FTS 8-260-5776
Tang, Don CML (202) 260-2621
Sala, Ken CML (202) 260-5776 FTS 8-260-2621
FTS 8-260-5776
Thomas, Nelson CML (218) 720-5702
Sanville, William CML (218) 720-5723 FTS 8-780-5702
FTS 8-780-5723
Tilson, Hugh CML (919) 541-2671
Schiermeier, Francis FTS 8-629-2671
CML (919) 541-4542
FTS 8-629-4542 Tingey, Dave CML (503) 757-4621
FTS 8^20-4621
Schuda, Laurie CML (202) 260-5776
FTS 8-260-5776 Tucker, W. Gene CML (919) 541-2746
FTS 8-629-2746
Selgrade, Mary Jane
CML (919) 541-2657 Vanderberg, John CML (919) 541-4527
FTS 8-629-2657 FTS 8-629-4527
Sexton, Ken CML (202) 260-5900 Veith, Oilman CML (218) 720-5500
FTS 8-260-5900 FTS 8-780-5500
Shreffler, Jack CML (919) 541-2194 Vickery, James CML (919) 541-2184
FTS 8-629-2194 FTS 8-629-2184
Sickles, Joe CML (414) 541-2446 Walker, Henry A. CML (401) 782-3134
FTS 8-629-2446 FTS 8-838-6134
Sigmon, John T. CML (202) 260-5738 Waters, Michael CML (919) 541-2537
FTS 8-260-5738 FTS 8-629-2537
Snelling, Robert CML (702) 798-2525 Wentworth, Nancy CML (202) 260-5763
FTS 8-545-2525 FTS 8-260-5763
Sommers, Kevin CML (904) 934-9244 Wiles, Carlton CML (513) 569-7795
FTS 8-228-9244 FTS 8-684-7795
Sorg,Tom CML (513) 569-7370 Williams, Bill A. CML (503) 757-4679
FTS 8-684-7370 FTS 8-420-4679
136
-------
ORD Key Contacts
Wilmoth, Roger
Wilson, John J.
Wilson, William
Winter, John
Wolfe, Lee
Worlund, John
Worrest, Robert
Wu, Chieh
Zenick, Harold
CML (513) 569-7509
FTS 8-684-7509
CML (405) 332-8800
FTS 8-743-2259
CML (919) 541-2551
FTS 8-629-2551
CML (513) 569-7325
FTS 8-684-7325
CML (404) 546-3429
FTS 8-250-3429
CML (702) 798-2656
FTS 8-545-2656
CML (202) 260-5981
FTS 8-260-5981
CML (202) 260-5977
FTS 8-260-5977
CML (919) 541-2281
FTS 8-629-2281
137
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ORD Regional Contacts
The Office of Research and Development's Regional Operations Staff is respon-
sible for planning, coordinating, and reviewing programs that provide inter-communi-
cation and assistance on all matters of mutual interest and/or responsibility of the
Agency's Regional Offices and the Office of Research and Development
Director, David Klauder CML (202) 260-7667
Regional Operations Staff (RD-672) FTS 8-260-7667
Washington, DC 20460
Regional Liaison Officer, Glenn Williams CML (202) 260-7667
Regional Operations Staff FTS 8-260-7667
Washington, DC 20460
Coordinator, Regional Scientist
Program, Ron Landy CML (202) 260-7667
Washington, DC 20460 FTS 8-260-7667
Coordinator, Regional Superfund CML (202) 260-7667
Technical Liaison Program FTS: 8-260-7667
Jerry Carman
Washington, DC 20460
ORD/OTTRS Regional Scientists
Thomas Waddell, Region I CML (617) 565-3397
Boston, MA 02203 FTS 8-835-3397
Suzanne Lussier, Region III CML (215) 597-1177
Philadelphia, PA 19107 FTS 8-597-1177
John Montanari, Region IV CML (404) 347-7109
Atlanta, GA 30365 FTS 8-257-7109
Norman Dyer, Region VI CML (214) 655-2252
Dallas, TX 75270 FTS 8-255-2252
Winona Victery, Region IX CML (415) 744-1021
San Francisco, CA 94103 FTS 8^84-1021
Randall J.F. Bruins, Region X CML (206) 533-2146
Seattle, WA 98101 FTS 8-399-2146
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ORD Regional Contacts
Superfund Technkal Liaisons
Steve Mangion, Region I
Boston, MA 02203
Magalie Breville, Region II
New Yoik, NY 10278
Norm Kulujian, Region in
Philadelphia, PA 19107
John Risher, Region IV
Atlanta, GA 30365
Jack Barnette, Region V
Chicago, IL 60604
Robert L. Stone, Region Vffl
Denver, CO 80202-2405
Joe Greenblott, Region IX
San Francisco, CA 94105
John Barich, Region X
Seattle, WA 98101
CML (617) 573-5718
FTS 8-833-1718
CML (212) 264-6788
FTS 8-264-6788
CML (215) 597-1113
FTS 8-597-1113
CML (404) 347-1586
FTS 8-257-1586
CML (312) 886-8963
FTS 8-886-8963
CML (303) 294-7597
FTS 8-330-7597
CML (415) 744-2307
FTS 8-484-2307
CML (206) 553-8562
FTS 8-399-8562
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EPA Regional Offices
Region 1 Environmental Protection Agency
Room 2203
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Boston, Massachusetts 02203
CML (617) 565-3424
FTS 8-835-3424
Region 2 Environmental Protection Agency
Room 900
26 Federal Plaza
New York, New York 10278
CML (212) 264-2515
FTS 8-264-2515
Region 3 Environmental Protection Agency
841 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
CML (215) 597-9370
FTS 8-597-9370
Region 4 Environmental Protection Agency
345 Courtland Street, NE
Atlanta, Georgia 30365
CML (404) 347-4727
FTS 8-257-3004
Region 5 Environmental Protection Agency
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, Illinois 60604
CML (312) 353-2072
FTS 8-353-2072
Region 6 Environmental Protection Agency
1445 Ross Avenue
12th Floor, Suite 1200
Dallas, Texas 75202
CML (214) 655-2200
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont
New Jersey
New York
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Delaware
District of Columbia
Maryland
Pennsylvania
Virginia
West Virginia
Alabama
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Mississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Minnesota
Ohio
Wisconsin
Arkansas
Louisiana
New Mexico
Oklahoma
Texas
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Region 7 Environmental Protection Agency
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, Kansas 66101
CML (913) 551-7003
FTS 8-276-7003
Region 8 Environmental Protection Agency
999 18th Street
Suite 500
Denver, Colorado 80202-2405
CML (303) 293-1692
FTS 8-330-7665
Region 9 Environmental Protection Agency
75 Hawthorne
San Francisco, California 94105
CML (415) 744-1305
FTS 8-484-1305
Region 10 Environmental Protection Agency
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, Washington 98101
CML (206) 442-1107
FTS 8-399-1107
Iowa
Kansas
Missouri
Nebraska
Colorado
Montana
North Dakota
South Dakota
Utah
Wyoming
Arizona
California
Hawaii
Nevada
Guam
American Samoa
Alaska
Idaho
Washington
Oregon
•US. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE; 1991- "••-
tOSZi
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