v-xEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Atmospheric Sciences
Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
Research and Development
EPA/600/M-86/027 Dec 1986
ENVIRONMENTAL
RESEARCH BRIEF
Description of UNAMAP (VERSION 6)
D. Bruce Turner1 and Lucille W. Bender2
Abstract
UNAMAP (VERSION 6) represents the 1986 update to the
Users Network for Applied Modeling of Air Pollution.
UNAMAF consists of an ASCII magnetic tape containing
FORTRAN codes and test data for 23 Air Quality Simulation
Models as well as associated documentation. The tape
and documentation are available as a single package from
NTIS (Accession Number PB 86-222 361). This provides
technical transfer of these models from the Environmental
Protection Agency to model users.
Introduction
UNAMAP is an acronym for User's Network for Applied
Modeling of Air Pollution. This is a collection of FORTRAN
source codes for Air Quality Simulation Models (AQSM).
It is used as the method of technology transfer of air quality
simulation model computer codes from researcher to
model user.
UNAMAP versions are created and maintained by:
Environmental Operations Branch
Meteorology Division
Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
'D Bruce Turner is with the Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory,
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
2LucilleW Bender is with Computer Sciences Corporation, P.O Box 12767,
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
Mailing Address: Environmental Operations Branch
Mail Drop 80, EPA
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(919) 541 -4564; FTS 629-4564
UNAMAP exists in two forms:
1. Source codes and executables reside in EPA's
UNIVAC 1110 at Research Triangle Park, NC. These
programs can be readily accessed by EPA users and
those who establish accounts to use this computer
facility. Access is administered by NTIS. For informa-
tion on establishing an account to use EPA's UNIVAC
at RTP call Lois Grooms (703) 487-4807; FTS 737-
4807.
2. The magnetic tape containing the current UNAMAP,
VERSION 6 is available as UNAMAP (VERSION 6)
Accession Number PB 86-222 361, from:
Computer Products
National Technical Information Service
U.S. Department of Commerce
Springfield, VA 22161
(703) 487-4763; FTS 737-4763
The UNAMAP tape from NTIS provides access by
the user community to source codes (primarily in
ANSI FORTRAN 77) for Air Quality Simulation
Models (AQSM).
-------
The presence of an AQSM in UNAMAP does not
constitute endorsement by either the Environmental
Operations Branch or by the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency.
Background
Since 1973, UNAMAP has served as a source for AQSMs
in computer compatible form. These models accept emis-
sion and meteorological data and calculate projected air
pollutant concentrations. UNAMAP is basically state-of-
the-art dispersion research algorithms. These represent
air quality models that were funded by EPA in their
development or are recommended by the Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards for environmental impact
analysis. As an additional service to the regulatory groups
in EPA and to those trying to conform to regulations,
UNAMAP contains "Guideline Models." Guideline Models
are further defined below.
Version 3 of UNAMAP was made available in March 1978.
It contained 11 AQSMs. Three changes were issued to
purchasers of UNAMAP(VERSION 3): Change 1, 23 August
1978; Change 2, 5 July 1979; and Change 3, 16 August
1979.
Version 4 of UNAMAP dated December 1980 became
available from NTIS in March 1981. It contained 21
AQSMs. One change dated December 1981 was distri-
buted to UNAMAP (VERSION 4) purchasers in March 1982
Version 5 of UNAMAP dated December 1982 became
available from NTIS in August 1 983. It contained 31 models
(9 guideline models, 19 non-guideline models, and 3
models of historical interest). One change dated May 1 984
was issued.
This is Version 6 of UNAMAP dated July 1986. It contains
23 models, associated processors, test data, and print files
of example output.
Contents
UNAMAP Description—File 1
Files 2 through 33 are in 80 character format. (The logical
record length is 80, the physical record length is 8000,
and the blocking factor is 100.)
Section 1. Guideline (Appendix A) Models.
Appendix A models are those identified for some regulatory
use by EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
(OAQPS) in the guideline document: "Guideline on Air
Quality Models (Revised)," EPA-450/2-78-027R, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC 27711. 1986.
Model
BLP
POSTBLP
BLPSUM
CALINE-3
CDM-2.0
RAM
RAMMET
ISCST
ISCLT
MPTER
CRSTER
Dated
(82102)
(86100)
(85293)
(85364)
(86170)
(86210)
(85165)
(86211)
File
Number on
Version 6
Tape
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Total
Lines in
File
4527
836
2382
6293
3597
4077
2867
1956
UNIVAC
1100
Core
Required
1 8K Test 1
Test 2
19K
9K
8K
27K
66K
27K
71K
72K
52K
57K
UNIVAC
1100
Cost of
Test
$ 095
0.99
096
1 02
1 20
782
1 80
4 91
539
2 22
542
1356
File
Number of
Sample
Print-Out
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Section 2. Other Models or Processors (New Models).
Model
INPUFF
PLOTPUFF
PEM-2
TUPOS-2.0
INMET
LSTMET
TUPOS-P
PLUVUE-2
PBM
PBMMET
PBMAQE
MESOPUFF-2
Dated
(86128)
(86016)
(86169)
(86163)
(86164)
(85092)
(83304)
(85274)
(85360)
File
Number on
Version 6
Tape
10
11
12
13
14
15
Total
Lines in
File
3654
5322
6040
6289
4325
8679
UNIVAC
1100
Core
Required
48K
43K
59K
25K
7K
8K
48K Test 1
Test 2
1 81 K Test 1
Test 2
50K
21K
16K
92K
UNIVAC
1100
Cost of
Test
$ 4 68
3343
1.90
1 28
1 32
2.17
1.89
109 62
26332
5.93
5.13
File
Number of
Sample
Print-Out
49
50
51
52
53
54
-------
Model
READ56
MESOPAC-2
MESOFILE
MPDA-1 0
Dated
(85357)
(85358)
(85361)
(86077)
File
Number on
Version 6
Tape
16
Total
Lines in
File
9651
UNIVAC
1100
Core
Required
13K
75K
56K
UNIVAC
1100
Cost of
Test
2.22
740
1 45
File
Number of
Sample
Print-Out
40
MPDA-1 0 (PREPROCESSORS)
SCAN-SFC (86065)
EXTRACT-SFC (86066)
CONVERT-SFC (86067)
OA-SFC (86068)
SCAN-UPPER (86069)
EXTRACT-UPPER (86070)
CONVERT-UPPER (86071)
QA-UPPER (86072)
REDUCE (86073)
HRLY-INTERP (86074)
QA-SITE (86075)
MERGE (86076)
MPDA-1.0 (COMMON BLOCKS)
COMMON BLOCKS
AND DECLARATIONS
20K
21K
18K
17K
18K
20K
19K
12K
17K
37K
25K
45K
1.75
252
3.83
1 27
1.62
2.98
17
692
MPDA-1. 0 (LIBRARY) 18
SUBROUTINE LIBRARY
MPDA-1 0 (PROCESSOR) 19
DRIVER
RUNAVG
(86077)
(86202) 33
539
10345
810
65K
13K
1.53
1.29 55
Section 3. Other Models or Processors f Revised)
Model
PAL-2
PTPLU-2
PTPLUI-2
HIWAY-2
MPTDS
ROADWAY-2
CHAVG
UTMCON
APRAC-3
PREMOD
CALM PRO
Dated
(86087)
(86196)
(86195)
(80346)
(82299)
(86010)
(81180)
(83012)
(82203)
(84152)
File
Number on
Version 6
Tape
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
32
Total
Lines in
File
4843
3102
1060
3434
2871
775
388
13827
494
UNIVAC
1100
Core
Required
49K
13K
17K
13K
74K
27K
15K
8K
83K
56K
103K
UNIVAC
1100
Cost of
Test
S 1.89
1 39
2.77
361
058
2.68
2946
497
File
Number of
Sample
Print-Out
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
Section 4. Additional Models for Regulatory Use
Model
VALLEY
SHORTZ
METZ
POSTZ
LONGZ
COMPLEX-1
Dated
(85338)
(82326)
(86326)
(86224)
(82327)
(86064)
File
Number on
Version 6
Tape
28
29
30
31
Total
Lines in
File
1145
5236
3113
3270
UNIVAC
1100
Core
Required
13K
56K
12K
52K
54K
UNIVAC
1100
Cost of
Test
$ 0.84
1 57
092
802
1.73
File
Number of
Sample
Print-Out
65
66
67
68
-------
Section 5. Data Files
Files 34 through 39 have differing formats. The format of each is described in the following tables
File
Number
on Version 6
Data File Name
SURFACE DATA
READ-56 INPUT
MESOPUFF-2 UPPER AIR DATA
MPDASFC (SFC DATA FOR MPDA)
MPDASITE (ONSITE DATA FOR MPDA)
MPDAUPPER (UPPER AIR DATA FOR MPDA)
Note: File 38 has variable record length.
The number of characters contained in
the six blocks is therefore given
Tape
34
35
36
37
39
each of
Number of
Records
(Logical)
8784
299
82
300
962
Logical
Record
Length
80
2000
132
80
132
File Number
on Version 6
Tape
38
Physical
Record
Length
8000
20000
13200
800
13200
Block
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
Blocking
Factor
100
10
100
10
100
Characters
Per Block
5572
4748
5620
4668
4592
5796
Section 6. Output Print Files
Files 40 through 68 are in 132 character format. (The
logical record length is 132; the physical record length
is
13200; and the blocking factor is 100.)
Model
MPDA
BLP
CALINE-3
CDM-2
RAM
ISCST
ISCLT
MPTER
CRSTER
INPUFF
PEM-2
TUPOS
PLUVUE-2
PBM
MESOPUFF-2
RUNAVG
PAL-2
PTPLU-2
HIWAY-2
MPTDS
ROADWAY-2
CHAVG
UTMCON
APRAC-3
CALMPRO
VALLEY
SHORTZ
LONGZ
COMPLEX-1
File Number
on Version 6
Tape
40
41 ,
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51 ,
52
53 ,
54
55
56
57
58
59 ,
60
61 ,
62
63
64
65
66
67 ,
68
Total Lines
in File
11986
1735
416
604
4914
645
339
317
1 127
147
482
2474
1266
1515
3086
57
244
103
69
3164
201
1224
56
1720
462
361
718
1282
377
Program Descriptions
Series 600 (ORD) publications are available from NTIS
In cases where copies were printed by EPA, copies may
be available from
USEPA
ORD Publications
26 West St. Clair St.
Cincinnati, OH 45268
(513) 569-7562; FTS 684-7562
Series 450 (OAQPS) publications are also available from
NTIS. In cases where copies are printed by EPA, copies
may be available from:
Library
Mail Drop 35, USEPA
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(919) 541 -2777; FTS 629-2777
Section 1. Guideline (Appendix A) Models
BLP (Dated 82102)
Abstract
BLP (Buoyant Line and Point Source Dispersion Model)
is a Gaussian plume dispersion model designed to handle
unique modeling problems associated with aluminum
reduction plants, and other industrial sources where plume
rise and downwash effects from stationary line sources
are important. POSTBLP and BLPSUM are related postpro-
cessors in this system .
References
Schulman, L. L., and Scire, J. S., 1980: Buoyant Line and
Point Source (BLP) Dispersion Model User's Guide.
Document P-7304B. Prepared for the Aluminum Associ-
ation, Inc., by Environmental Research and Technology,
Inc., Concord, MA. (NTIS Accession Number PB 81 -1 64
642). (July 1980).
Schulman, L. L., and Scire, J. S., 1980. Development of
an Air Quality Dispersion Model for Aluminum Reduc-
tion Plants. Document P-7304A. Prepared for the
Aluminum Association, Inc., by Environmental Research
and Technology, Inc , Concord, MA. (NTIS Accession
Number PB 81-164 634). (August 1980)
4
-------
Addendum/Supplemental Information for BLP. 2 pp.
(December 1982). (Distributed as part of UNAMAP,
VERSION 5, Documentation.) (Included as part of
UNAMAP (VERSION 6) Documentation.)
CALINE-3 (Dated 86100) California Line Source
Model
Abstract
The California line source dispersion model, CALINE-3,
can be used to predict carbon monoxide concentrations
near highways and arterial streets given traffic emissions,
site geometry and meteorology. The model has adjust-
ments for averaging time and surface roughness, and can
handle up to 20 links and 20 receptors. It also contains
an algorithm for deposition and settling velocity so that
paniculate concentrations can be predicted.
References
Benson, P. E., 1979: CALINE-3—A Versatile Dispersion
Model for Predicting Air Pollutant Levels Near Highways
and Arterial Streets. FHWA/CA/TL-79/23. Federal
Highway Administration. (NTIS Accession Number
PB 80-220841).
Benson, P. E., 1980: Background and Development of the
CALINE-3 Line Source Dispersion Model. FHWA/CA/
TL-80/31. Federal Highway Administration.
CDM-2.0 (Dated 85293)
Abstract
CDM-2.0 (Chmatological Dispersion Model—Version 2.0)
determines long-term (seasonal or annual) quasi-stable
pollutant concentrations in rural or urban settings using
average emission rates from point and area sources and
a joint frequencydistribution of wind direction, wind speed,
and stability. The Gaussian plume hypothesis forms the
basis for the calculations. Contributions are calculated
assuming the narrow plume hypothesis, and involve an
upwind integration over the area sources. Computations
can be made for up to 200 point sources and 2500 area
sources at an unlimited number of receptor locations. The
number of point and area sources can be easily modified
within the code. CDM-2.0 is an enhanced version of COM
and includesthefollowing options: 16 or 36 wind-direction
sectors; initial plume dispersion; buoyancy-induced dis-
persion; stack-tip downwash; and gradual (transitional)
plume rise. The user has a choice of seven dispersion
parameter schemes. Optional output includes point and
area concentration rises and histograms of pollutant
concentration by stability class.
Reference
Irwin, J. S., T. Chico, and J. Catalano, 1986: CDM-2.0—
Climatological Dispersion Model User's Guide. EPA/
600/8-85/029. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. (Available only from NTIS.
Accession Number PB 86-136 546/AS.)
RAM (Dated 85364)
Abstract
Gaussian-plume multiple-source air quality algorithm.
This short-term Gaussian steady-state algorithm esti-
mates concentrations of stable pollutants from urban point
and area sources. Hourly meteorological data are used.
Hourly concentrations and averages over a number of
hours can be estimated. Briggs plume rise is used. Pasquill-
Gifford dispersion equations with dispersion parameters
thought to be valid for urban areas are used. Concen-
trations from area sources are determined using the
method of Hanna, that is, sources directly upwind are
considered representative of area source emissions
affecting the receptor. Special features include determi-
nation of receptor locations downwind of significant
sources and determination of locations of uniformly spaced
receptors to ensure good area coverage with a minimum
number of receptors.
Reference
Catalano, J. A., D. B. Turner, and J. H. Novak, 1986: User's
Guide for RAM—Second Edition. (Under Preparation)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. (To be available from NTIS.)
RAMMET (Dated 84136)
Abstract
RAMMET processes hourly surface meteorological obser-
vation data (a disk or tape record for each hour) to
determine a Pasquill stability class for each hour and
interpolates between twice-a-day mixing height data (an
input card for each day) to obtain a mixing height value
for each hour. An output tape or disk file is produced with
a record for each day. Normal use is to process a calendar
year of hourly data. The output file can be used as
meteorological input to models such as RAM, CRSTER,
and MPTER. RAMMET optionally generates random
numbers used in the processing or will read as input a
specified set of random numbers from a separate file
(included in the RAM file in UNAMAP). Optionally available
also is the use of opaque cloud cover (preferred) or total
cloud cover
Reference
Catalano, J. A., D. B. Turner, and J. H. Novak, 1986: User's
Guide for RAM—Second Edition. (Under Preparation)
U S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. (To be available only from NTIS.)
ISCST (Dated 86170)
Abstract
The Industrial Source Complex Short-Term model is a
steady-state Gaussian plume model which can be used
to assess pollutant concentrations from a wide variety of
sources associated with an industrial source complex. This
model can account for settling and dry deposition of
particulates, downwash, area, line and volume sources,
plume rise as a function of downwind distance, separation
-------
of point sources, and limited terrain adjustment. Average
concentration or total deposition may be calculated in 1-
, 2-, 3-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 12- and/or 24-hour time periods. An
'N'-day average concentration (or total deposition) or an
average concentration (or total deposition) over the total
number of hours may also be computed.
Reference
Environmental Protection Agency, 1986: Industrial Source
Complex (ISC) Dispersion Model User's Guide—Second
Edition. Volumes 1 and 2. EPA-450/4-86-005A and B.
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Research
Triangle Park, NC 27711. (To be available only from NTIS.
Submitted to NTIS for assignment of Accession Number.)
ISCLT (Dated 86210)
Abstract
The Industrial Source Complex Long Term model is a
steady-state Gaussian plume model which can be used
to assess pollutant concentrations from a wide variety of
sources associated with an industrial source complex. This
model can account for settling and dry deposition of
particulates, downwash, area, line and volume sources,
plume rise as a function of downwind distance, separation
of point sources, and limited terrain adjustment.
ISCLT is designed to calculate the average seasonal and/
or annual ground level concentration or total deposition
from multiple continuous point, volume and/or area
sources. Provision is made for special discrete X, Y receptor
points that may correspond to sampler sites, points of
maxima, or special points of interest. Sources can be
positioned anywhere relative to the grid system.
Reference
Environmental Protection Agency, 1 986: Industrial Source
Complex (ISC) Dispersion Model User's Guide—Second
Edition. Volumes 1 and 2. EPA-450/4-86-005A and B.
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Research
Triangle Park, NC 27711. (To be available only from NTIS.
Submitted to NTIS for assignment of Accession Number.)
MPTER (Dated 85165)
Abstract
MPTER is a multiple point-source Gaussian model with
optional terrain adjustment. MPTER estimates concentra-
tions on an hour-by-hour basis for relatively inert
pollutantsfi.e., S02andTSP). MPTER uses Pasquill-Gifford
or Briggs urban dispersion parameters and Briggs plume
rise methods to calculate the spreading and the rise of
plumes. The model is most applicable for source-receptor
distances less than 10 kilometers and for locations with
level or gently rolling terrain. Terrain adjustments are
restricted to receptors whose elevation is no higher than
the lowest stack top. In addition to terrain adjustments,
options are also available for wind profile exponents,
buoyancy induced dispersion, gradual plume rise, stack
downwash, and plume half-life.
References
Pierce, T. E., and D. B. Turner, 1980: User's Guide for
MPTER: A Multiple Point Gaussian Dispersion Algorithm
with Optional Terrain Adjustment. EPA-600/8-80-016.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. 239 pp. (April 1980). (NTIS Accession
Number PB 80-197361).
Chico, T., and J. A. Catalano, 1986: Addendum to the
User's Guide for MPTER. EPA/600/8-86/ 021. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. 196 pp. (July 1986). (Available only from NTIS.
Accession Number PB 86-217 163/AS.)
CRSTER (Dated 86211)
Abstract
This algorithm estimates ground-level concentrations
resulting from up to 19 colocated elevated stack emisions
for an entire year and prints out the highest and second-
highest 1-, 3-, and 24-hour concentrations as well as the
annual mean concentrations at a set of 180 receptors (5
distances by 36 azimuths). The algorithm is based on a
modified form of the steady-state Gaussian plume
equation which uses either Pasquill-Gifford or Briggs
urban dispersion coefficients and includes adjustments for
plume rise and limited mixing. Terrain adjustments are
made as long as the surrounding terrain is physically lower
than the lowest stack height input. Pollutant concentra-
tions for each averaging time are computed for discrete,
non-overlapping time periods (no running averages are
computed) using measured hourly values of wind speed
and direction, and estimated hourly values of atmospheric
stability and mixing height.
References
Monitoring and Data Analysis Division, 1977: User's
Manual for Single-Source (CRSTER) Model. U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. EPA-450/2-77-013 (NTIS Accession Number PB-
271 360.)
Catalano, J. A., 1986 Addendum to the User's Manual
for Single Source (CRSTER) Model (Being assigned an
EPA number.) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC (To be available only from
NTIS.)
Section 2. Other Models or Processors
(New Models)
IN PUFF (Dated 86128)
Abstract
INPUFF is a Gaussian integrated PUFF model with a wide
range of applications. The implied modeling scale is from
tens of meters to tens of kilometers. The model is capable
of addressing the accidental release of a substance over
several minutes, or of modeling the more typical
continuous plume from a stack Several requests to the
Meteorology Division for assistance in modeling the air
quality downwind of incineration ships prompted the
development of an integrated PUFF model. INPUFF is,
therefore, capable of simulating moving point sources as
well as stationary sources.
-------
Computations in INPUFF can be made for multiple point
sources at up to 100 receptor locations. In practice,
however, the number of receptor locations should be kept
to a minimum to avoid excessive run time. INPUFF is
primarily designed to model a single event during which
one meteorological transition period may occur, such as
going from afternoon to evening conditions. Up to 144
separate meteorological periods of the same length may
be used to characterize the meteorology during the event;
this provides a time resolution that ranges from minutes
to an hour. The user has the option of specifying the wind
field for each meteorological period at up to 100 grid
locations or allowing the model to default to a homogene-
ous wind field.
Three dispersion algorithms are used within INPUFF for
dispersion downwind of the source. The user may select
the Pasquill-Gifford (P-G) scheme (Turner, 1970) or the
on-site scheme (Irwin, 1983) for short travel time
dispersion. The on-site scheme, so named because it
requires specification of the variances of the vertical and
lateral wind direction, is a synthesis of work performed
by Draxler (1976) and Cramer (1976). The long travel time
scheme is the third dispersion algorithm in which the
growth of the puff becomes proportional to the square
root of time. Optionally, the user can incorporate their
own subroutine for estimating atmospheric disperions.
INPUFF utilizes the deposition algorithms given by Rao
(1981). In the limit when pollutant settling and dry
deposition velocities are zero, these expressions reduce
to the Gaussian diffusion algorithms.
A CALCOMP software plotting package has also been
provided to display concentrations versus time for a given
receptor and the puff trajectories after each simulation
period.
References
Petersen, W. B., and L. G. Lavdas, 1986: IPUFF 2.0—A
Multiple Source Gaussian Puff Dispersion Algorithm.
EPA/600/8-86/024. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. (Available only from
NTIS. Submitted to NTIS for assignment of Accession
Number.)
PBM (Dated 85274) Photochemical Box Model
Abstract
The PBM is a simple stationary single-cell model with a
variable height lid designed to provide volume-integrated
hour averages of O3 and other photochemical smog
pollutants of interest for an urban area for a single day
of simulation. The PBM is most appropriate for application
in air stagnation conditions with light and variable winds.
Horizontal dimensions of the box are typically on the order
of 10-50 km; the vertical dimension may vary between
0.1 and 2 km. Chemical reactions are simulated using
a 63-step kinetic mechanism that includes diurnal
variation of photolytic rate constants. The depth of the
mixed layer, or depth of the PBM domain, also follows
a diurnal pattern; it can be optionally specified as following
a non-linear growth curve. The PBM assumes that
emission sources are homogeneously distributed across
the surface face of the box volume and that the volume
is well mixed at all times Atmospheric diffusion and wind
shear are neglected.
The user must provide the PBM with initial species
concentrations, hourly inputs of wind speed, sour.ce
emission fluxes of CO, NO,, THC, hydrocarbon reactivity
classes, and boundary species concentrations. Values of
measured solar radiation and mixed layer depth may be
specified at sub-hourly intervals throughout a simulation.
The services of a qualified dispersion meteorologist, a
chemist, and a computer programmer may be necessary
to implement and apply the PBM and to interpret the
results.
PBM has two preprocessors, PBMMET and PBMAQE.
Output from these two preprocessors, are required for PBM
input. The order of execution is PBMMET, PBMAQE and
PBM.
Reference
Schere, K. L., and K. L. Demerjian, 1984: User's Guide
for the Photochemical Box Model (PBM). EPA/600/8-
84/022a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. (November 1984). (NTIS
Accession Number PB 85-137 164.)
MPDA -1.1 (Dated 86077)
Abstract
Version 1 of the Meteorological Processor for Diffusion
Analysis (MPDA-1) is a processor that can orgnize available
meteorological data into a format accessible to diffusion
analysis. MPDA-1 provides methods for preparing three
types of data: National Weather Service (NWS) twice-daily
radiosonde reports; NWS hourly surface observations; and
user-supplied onsite data. To determine the surface scaling
parameters, the meteorological processor is structured in
accordance with current concepts of the idealized states
of the planetary boundary layer. Profiles of wind velocity,
temperature, and the standard deviations of vertical and
lateral wind velocity fluctuations at user-specified heights
are estimated. The output from MPDA-1 was formatted
to accommodate the TUPOS Gaussian-plume model which
uses wind fluctuation data to characterize the diffusion
parameters. Future versions will provide additional output
formats to accommodate other popular diffusion estima-
tion models.
Reference
Paumier, J., D. Stinson, T. Kelly, C. Bellinger, and J. S.
Irwin, 1986: MPDA-1: A Meteorological Processor for
Diffusion Analysis—User's Guide. EPA/600/8-86/011.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. 192 pp. (Available only from NTIS.
Accession Number PB 86-171 402/AS.)
TUPOS-2.0 (Dated 86169)
Abstract
TUPOS and its postprocessor, TUPOS-P, form a Gaussian
model which resembles MPTER but offers several
technical improvements. TUPOS estimates dispersion
-------
directly from fluctuation statistics at plume level and
calculates plume rise and partial penetration of the plume
into stable layers using vertical profiles of wind and
temperature. The model user is thus required to furnish
meteorological information for several heights above-
ground in a separate input file.
TUPOS can be used for short-term (hours to days) impact
assessment of inert pollutants from single or multiple
sources and can be expected to have greatest accuracy
for locations within 10 km of the source. Although TUPOS
will make computations for receptors having any ground-
level elevation, it is not intended as a complex terrain
model, but rather as a model for calculations over flat
or gently rolling terrain. TUPOS will optionally treat
buoyancy-induced dispersion but does not include building
downwash, deposition, or fumigation. TUPOS-2.0 adds
a hesitant plume model. This is employed when F*, the
non-dimensional buoyancy flux, exceeds 0.09.
The maximum number of point sources and the maximum
number of receptor locations are easily adjusted at the
time of program compilation and so have no specific limit.
Output from TUPOS consists principally of tape or disk
concentration files which are then analyzed and sum-
marized by the postprocessor, TUPOS-P. An hourly
concentration file is automatically created by TUPOS; the
user has the option of creating a partial concentration file.
References
Turner, D. B., T. Chico, and J. A Catalano, 1 986: TUPOS—
A Multiple Source Gaussian Dispersion Algorithm Using
On-Site Turbulence Data. EPA/600/8-86/010. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. 171 pp. (Available only from NTIS. Accession
Number PB 86-181 310/AS.)
Turner, D. B., 1986: Addendum to TUPOS—Incorporation
of a Hesitant Plume Algorithm. (Being assigned an EPA
number.) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. (To be available only from
NTIS.)
TUPOS-P (Dated 85092)
Abstract
TUPOS-P is a postprocessor program for analyzing con-
centration files produced by the air quality dispersion
model TUPOS. The program reads either hourly concen-
tration or hourly partial concentration files and provides
the following output: hourly concentration summaries,
averaging period concentration summaries; and high-five
concentration tables for five averaging times (1-hr, 3-hrs,
8-hrs, 24-hrs, and an averaging time selected by the user).
If the concentration file being read consists of partial
contributions, the user may request hourly contribution
summaries and averaging period contribution summaries
for up to 25 significant sources. Much of the printed output
is optionally available so that unneeded output volume
is avoided.
Reference
Turner, D. B., T. Chico, and J. A. Catalano, 1986: TUPOS-
P— A Program for Reducing Hourly and Partial
Concentration Files Produced by TUPOS: User's Guide.
EPA/600/8-86/012. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. 106 pp. (Available
only from NTIS. Accession Number PB 86-181 328/
AS.)
PEM-2 (Dated 86016) Pollution Episodic Model
Abstract
The Pollution Episodic Model (PEM) described by Rao and
Stevens (1982) is an urban scale (up to 50 km distances)
air pollution model capable of predicting short-term (1 to
24-hour) average surface concentrations and deposition
fluxes of two gaseous or participate pollutants at up to
a maximum of 2500 ground-level receptors located on a
50 km by 50 km square receptor grid. Predictions are based
on steady-state Gaussian plume assumptions, Briggs'
plume rise formulations, and Pasquill-Gifford (P-G)
dispersion parameters. The surface concentration and
deposition flux estimates of two independent non-reactive
(gaseous or particulate) pollutants or one pollutant with
first-order chemical decay can be obtained as special cases
of the model. Up to 300 point sources and up to 50 area
sources may be included in the model inputs. Calculations
are performed for each hour using the specified meteo-
rological data. Up to 24 different sets of hourly meteo-
rological data may be specified as inputs for the
determination of air quality for 24 distinct weather
scenarios. Pollutant concentrations and deposition fluxes
for a 2 to 24-hour averaging period are calculated by
averaging the corresponding values calculated for each
hour in the period.
PEM is based on the Texas Episodic Model (TEM, Version
8) developed by the Texas Air Control Board (1979).
PEM accounts for the dry deposition, gravitational settling,
and a first-order chemical transformation or decay of
gaseous or particulate pollutants (of any size) in the
concentration algorithms. These algorithms, based on
exact solutions of a gradient-transfer (K-theory) model,
were given by Rao (1981, 1982) as analytical extensions
of the widely used Gaussian plume dispersion algorithms
under various atmospheric stability and mixing conditions.
Thus, PEM treats deposition, sedimentation, and chemical
transformation in a physically realistic and straightforward
manner, and it is subject to the same basic assumptions
and limitations associated with all Gaussian plume-type
models. For further details regarding the gradient-transfer
model formulations, analytical solutions, parameteriza-
tions, and the development of the algorithms for PEM,
the user should consult the reports by Rao (1981, 1982).
An evaluation of the PEM using the St. Louis/RAPS data
for five pollutant species can be found in the report by
Pendergrass and Rao (1983)
The PEM-2 model (Rao, 1 984) is developed from the PEM
(Rao and Stevens, 1 982) with the following key modifica-
tion:
1. PEM-2 uses Briggs' urban dispersion parameters
(based on the St. Louis diffusion data of McElroy
and Pooler) for both point and area sources. Whereas
PEM uses the same dispersion parameter as the
TEM-8.
8
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2 The number of stability classes in PEM-2 are reduced
to six (from seven in the PEM).
3. For buoyancy-dominated plumes in unstable/
neutral atmosphere, Briggs' new plume rise equa-
tions and plume penetration (of an elevated stable
layer) schemes are included as optional features in
PEM-2.
4. An option is provided to use site-specific values for
the exponents of the wind-profile power law and
anemometer height as inputs to PEM-2.
5. Concentrations from area sources are computed by
numerical integration in PEM-2, while they are cal-
culated from concentration algorithms based on
mass budgets of the species in PEM. The user may
specify an effective height of emission for urban area
sources in PEM-2, whereas these emissions are
assumed to occur only at ground-level in PEM. The
number of calculation grid squares used for each
area source have been increased to 9 (in PEM-2)
from 5 in PEM to increase the plume length and
improve the model performance.
Based on the number of pollutants (NPOL=1 or 2) and
the chemical transformation/decay option parameter
(TCT=0 or 1) specified in the model input, PEM-2 program
does one of the following:
1. If NPOL=1 and ICT=0 or 1, surface concentrations
and deposition fluxes of one gaseous or particulate
pollutant, with the given deposition and settling
velocities, VD1 and W1 respectively, are calculated.
If ICT=1, then chemical decay of pollutant is also
considered if the decay rate in percent per hour, XKT
2. If NPOL=2 and ICT=0, surface concentrations and
deposition fluxes of two different and uncoupled
gaseous or particulate pollutant species with the
given deposition and settling velocities VD1 and W1
(for species-1) and VD2 and W2 (for species-2)
respectively, are calculated. Emission rates for both
species may be different. Chemical decay is not
considered for either species even if a value of XKT
> 0 is specified.
3. If NPOL=2 and UCT=1 , the two gaseous or particulate
pollutant species are coupled through a first-order
chemical transformation. The surface concentra-
tions and deposition fluxes of both the primary
pollutant (species-1 or reactant) as well as the
secondary pollutant (species-2 or reaction product)
are calculated. The chemical transformation rate
(XKT >0) should be given. Both species may be given
non-equal deposition and settling velocities. A non-
zero direct emission rate for the secondary pollutant
from the point and/or area sources may also be
specified as input for this case.
For further details the user should consult the PEM-2
User's Guide by Rao (1 984).
References
Staff of the Texas Air Control Board, 1979: User's Guide:
Texas Episodic Model. Texas Air Control Board, Permits
Section, Austin, TX 78723, 215 pp. (Available only from
NTIS. Accession Number PB 80-227 572.)
Pendergrass, W. R., and K. S. Rao, 1983: Evaluation of
the Pollution Episodic Model Using the RAPS Data. EPA/
600/3-84/087. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC; NOAA Tech. Memo. EflL
ARL-128, NOAA-ATDL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, 47 pp.
ATDL Contribution File. 83/18. (Available only from
NTIS. Accession Number PB 84-232 537.)
Rao, K. S., 1981: Analytical Solutions of a Gradient-
Transfer Model for Plume Deposition and Sedimenta-
tion. EPA-600/3-82-079. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC; NOAA Tech. Memo.
ERL ARL-109, NOAA-ATDL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831. 75
pp. ATDL Contribution File No. 81/14. (Available only
from NTIS. Accession Number PB 82-215 153.)
Rao, K. S., 1982: Plume Concentration Algorithms with
Deposition, Sedimentation, and Chemical Transforma-
tion. EPA/600/3-84/042. U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC; NOAA Tech.
Memo. ERL ARL-124, NOAA-ATDL, Oak Ridge, TN
37831. 87 pp. ATDL Contribution File No. 82/27.
(Available only from NTIS. Accession Number PB 84-
138742.)
Ku, Jia-Yeong and K. S. Rao, 1986: Evaluation of the PEM-
2 Using the 1982 Philadelphia Aerosol Field Study Data
Base. EPA/600/3-86/016. U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. (Available only
from NTIS. Accession Number PB 86-167 921/AS.)
Rao, K. S., 1986: PEM-2: Pollution Episodic Model (Version
2) User's Guide. (Being assigned an EPA number.) U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. (To be available only from NTIS.)
MESOPUFF-2.0 Model System fDated 85360)
Abstract
The MESOPUFF 2.0 model is a Lagrangian variable-
trajectory puff superposition model suitabale for modeling
the transport, diffusion, and removal of air pollutants from
multiple point and area sources at transport distances
beyond the range of conventional straight-line Gaussian
plume models (i.e., beyond 10-50 km). It is an extensively
modified version of the MESOPUFF model.
MESOPUFF 2.0 is one element of an integrated modeling
package that also includes components for preprocessing
of meteorological data (READ56) and postprocessing of
concentration data (MESOFILE).
Reference
Scire, J S., F. W. Lurmann, A. Bass, and S. R. Hanna,
1984: User's Guide to the MESOPUFF II Model and
Related Processor Programs. EPA/600/8-84/013. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. 223 pp. (Available only from NTIS. Accession
Number PB 84-181 775.)
PLUVUE-2 (Dated 83304)
Abstract
PLUVUE-2 is a visibility model designed to predict the
transport, atmospheric diffusion, chemical conversion,
optical effects, and surface deposition of point-source
9
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emissions. PLUVUE-2 performs plume optics calculations
in two modes. In the plume-based mode, the visual effects
are calculated for a variety of lines of sight and observer
locations relative to the plume parcel; in the observer-
based mode, the observer position is fixed and visual
effects are calculated for the specific geometry defined
by the positions of the observer, plume, and sun.
References
Seigneur, C., C. D. Johnson, D. A. Latimer, R. W.
Bergstrom, and H. Hogo, 1984: User's Manual for the
Plume Visibility Model (PLUVUE II). EPA/600/8-84/
005. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. (Available only from NTIS. Accession
Number PB 84-158 302.)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1985: Addenda to
the User's Manual for the Plume Visibility Model
(PLUVUE II). (Included as part of the UNAMAP (VERSION
6) documentation.)
RUN A VG (Dated 86202)
Abstract
RUNAVG is a postprocessor program for determining the
highest and second-highest non-overlapping running
average. RUNAVG accepts hourly concentration file input
from either ISCST, TUPOS, RAM, MPTER, or CRSTER. It
can handle an averaging time from 2 hours to 24 hours
for up to 30 receptors. The algorithm used in RUNAVG
for determining running averages is substantially faster
than the algorithm used in CHAVG. Instructions for
executing RUNAVG are contained in the source listing.
Reference
Pierce, T. E., 1986: An Efficient Algorithm for Determining
Non-Overlapping Running Averages. (Accepted by
Environmental Software.)
Section 3. Other Models or Processors (Old or
Slightly Revised Models)
PAL-2.0 (Dated 86087)
Abstract
PAL is an acronym for the Point, Area, and Line source
algorithm. PAL is a method of estimating short-term
dispersion using Gaussian-plume steady-state assump-
tions The algorithm can be used for estimating concentra-
tions of non-reactive pollutants at 99 receptors for aver-
aging times of from 1 to 24 hours, and for a limited number
of point, area, and line sources (99 of each type). Calcula-
tions are performed for each hour The hourly meteoro-
logical data required are wind direction, wind speed,
stability class, and mixing height. Single values of each
of these four parameters are assumed representative for
the area modeled. The Pasquill-Gifford or McElroy-Pooler
dispersion curves are used to characterize dispersion. This
algorithm is not intended for application to entire urban
areas but is intended, rather, to assess the impact on air
quality, on scales of tens to hundreds of meters, of portions
of urban areas such as shopping centers, large parking
areas, and airports. Level terrain is assumed The Gaussian
w
point source equation estimates concentrations from point
sources after determining the effective height of emission
and the upwind and crosswind distance of the source from
the deceptors. Numerical integration of the Gaussian point
source equation is used to determine concentrations from
the four types of line sources. Subroutines are included
that estimate concentrations for multiple lane line and
curved path sources, special line sources (line sources
with endpoints at different heights above ground), and
special curved path sources. Integration over the area
source which includes edge effects from the source region
is done by considering finite line sources perpendicular
to the wind at intervals upwind from the receptor. The
crosswind integration is done analytically: integration
upwind is done numerically by successive approximations.
The PAL model can treat deposition of both gaseous and
suspended paniculate pollutants in the plume since
gravitational settling and dry deposition of the particles
are explicitly accounted for. The analytical diffusion-
deposition expressions listed in this report are easy to apply
and, in the limit when pollutant settling and deposition
velocities are zero, they reduce to the usual Gaussian
plume diffusion algo-rithms.
Reference
Petersen, W. B., and E. D. Rumsey, 1986: User's Guide
for PAL 2.0—A Gaussian-Plume Algorithm for Point,
Area, and Line Sources. (Being assigned an EPA
number.) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. (To be available only from
NTIS.)
PTPLU-2 (Dated 86196)
Abstract
PTPLU is a point source dispersion Gaussian screening
model for estimating maximum surface concentrations for
1 -hour concentrations. PTPLU is based upon Briggs' plume
rise methods and can use either Pasquill-Gifford or Briggs'
urban dispersion coefficients. PTPLU is an adaptation and
improvement of PTMAX which allows for wind profile
exponents and other optional calculations such as
buoyancy induced dispersion, stack downwash, and
gradual plume rise. PTPLU produces an analysis of
concentration as a function of wind speed and stability
class for both wind speeds constant with height and wind
speeds increasing with height. Use of the extrapolated
wind speeds and the options allows the model user a more
accurate selection of distances to maximum concentration.
PTPLUI is the interactive version of this model
References
Pierce, T. E , D B Turner, J. A. Catalano, and F V Hale
III, 1 982 PTPLU—A Single Source Gaussian Dispersion
Algorithm—User's Guide. EPA-600/8-82-014. U S En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. (August 1 982). (NTIS Accession Number PB 83-21 1
235)
Pierce, T. E , 1 986- Addendum to PTPLU—A Single Source
Gaussian Dispersion Algorithm (Under preparation)
U S Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC (To be available only from NTIS )
-------
HIWA Y2 (Dated 80346)
Abstract
HIWAY2 is a model which computes the hourly concentra-
tions of non-reactive pollutants downwind of roadways.
It is applicable for uniform wind conditions and level
terrain. Although best suited for at-grade highways. It can
also be applied to depressed highways (cut sections).
HIWAY2 is intended as an update to the HIWAY model.
References
Petersen, W. B., 1980: User's Guide for HIWAY2: A
Highway Air Pollution Model. EPA-600/8-80-018. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. 70 pp. (May 1980) (NTIS Accession Number
PB 80-227 556.)
Rao, S. T., and M. T. Keenan, 1980: Suggestions for
Improvement of the EPA HIWAY Model. J. Air Pollution
Control Assoc., 30(6):247-256.
Addendum/Supplemental Information for PAL, HIWAY2,
and RAM. 5 pp. (December 1980). (Originally distributed
as part of the UNAMAP, VERSION 5, documentation.)
Included as part of UNAMAP (VERSION 6) documenta-
tion.)
MPTDS (Dated 82299)
Abstract
MPTDS is a modification of MPTER to explicitly account
for gravitational settling and or deposition loss of a
pollutant. Surface deposition fluxes can be printed under
an optional output feature MPTDS is a multiple point
source code with an optional terrain adjustment feature.
The code is primarily based upon MPTER which has
Gaussian modeling assumptions. Execution is limited to
a maximum of 250 point sources and 180 receptors. Hourly
meteorological data are required. Period of simulation can
vary from 1 hour to 1 year.
References
Rao, K. S., 1982: Analytical Solutions of a Gradient-
Transfer Model for Plume Deposition and Sedimenta-
tion. EPA-600/3-82-079. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. (November 1982)
(NTIS Accession Number PB 82-21 5 1 53.)
Rao, K. S., and L Satterf leld, 1982: MPTER-DS: The MPTER
Model Including Deposition and Sedimentation. EPA-
600/8-82-024. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. (October 1982) (NTIS
Accession Number PB 83-114 207.)
ROADWA Y-2.0 (Dated 86010)
Abstract
ROADWAY is a finite-difference model which solves a
conservation of species equation to predict pollutant
concentrations within two hundred meters of a highway.
It uses surface layer similarity theory to predict wind and
eddy diffusion profiles from temperature at two heights
and wind velocity upwind of the highway. A unique feature
of the model is its use of vehicle wake theory. It is assumed
that vehicle wakes affect the wind and turbulence fields
in a linear manner with wake intensity a function of vehicle
speed, downwind distance, and distance from the wake
center. The user has the option of considering NO, N02,
and Oa chemical reactions near the road. Output from the
model consists of X-Z fields of wind components, eddy
diffusion coefficients, and concentration of pollutant
species.
Reference
Eskridge, R. E., and J. A. Catalano, 1986: ROADWAY—
A Numerical Model for Predicting Air Pollutants Near
Highways: User's Guide. (Under preparation) U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. (To be available only from NTIS.)
CHA VG (Dated 81180)
Abstract
CHAVG is a postprocessor program for computing running
averages (averages that begin each hour and overlap) and
end-to-end averages (averages that do not overlap) from
hourly concentration disk or tape files. Since running
averages are greater than or equal to the end-to-end
averages, there frequently may be a need to analyze
concentration data (from measurement or from air quality
simulation models, such as those in the UNAMAP series)
using both methods of averaging. Calculations are made
for selected receptors, and these values are ranked for
each of four averaging periods plus a fifth period selected
by the user. Output tables are generated for each averaging
period for each type of average selected by the user. The
program as written is compatible with hourly output
generated by RAM and MPTER.
Reference
Catalano, J. A., and F. V. Hale III, 1982: CHAVG—A
Program for Computing Averages of Hourly Air Pollutant
Concentrations—User's Guide. EPA-600/8-82-01 5.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. (September 1982) (NTIS Accession
Number PB 83-107 342.)
UTMCON (Dated 83012)
Abstract
UTMCON is a utility program to convert from latitude and
longitude to UTM coordinates and vice versa (Thanks to
William Belanger, EPA Region III, for sharing this program.)
APR AC-3 (Dated 82203)
Abstract
APRAC3 contains two recent modifications to previous
versions' (1) the emission factor computation methdology
has been revised to reflect recent updates, and that portion
of the code that performs emissions computations has
been separated from the other portions of the model to
facilitate incorporation of future emission factor metho-
dology updates, and (2) treating traffic links in the primary
network with low vehicle miles traveled as area sources
77
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Gridded and link-by-link emissions can be output for
hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, or oxides of nitrogen.
Dispersion calculations use a receptor-oriented Gaussian
plume model. Local winds at each receptor can be used;
they are interpolated from multiple wind inputs. Mixing
heights may be calculated from sounding data or input
directly. Two local source models are available: (1 (treating
pollutant behavior in a street canyon, and (2) treating
vehicle and pollutant effects at a signalized intersection.
A preprocessor PREMOD2 is associated with this model.
This program produces emissions compatible with MOBILE
2.
Reference
Simmon, P. B., R. M. Patterson, F. L Ludwig, and L B.
Jones, 1981: The APRAC-3/MOBILE1 Emissions and
Diffusion Modeling Package. EPA-909/9-81-002. (July
1981). (NTIS Accession Number PB 82-103 763).
CALMPRO (Dated 84152)
Abstract
CALMPRO is a postprocessor for MPTER, CRSTER, or ISC
that reads data from an hourly concentration file (output
from MPTER, CRSTER, or ISC). The influence of calms
is eliminated by zeroing hourly concentrations at all
receptors if the corresponding hour of met data is calm.
The program outputs a MPTER format printout of annual
averages and high five 1-, 3-, 8- and 24-hour average
concentrations and an ISC format tape.
Reference
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1984: Calms Pro-
cessor (CALMPRO) User's Guide. EPA-90179-84-001.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region I, Boston,
MA02003 (Available onlyfrom NTIS. Accession Number
PB 84-229 467.)
Section 4. Additional Models for Regulatory Use
VALLEY (Dated 85338)
Abstract
This algorithm is a steady-state, univanate Gaussian
plume dispersion algorithm designed for estimating either
24-hour or annual concentrations resulting from emis-
sions from up to 50 (total) point and area sources.
Calculations of ground-level pollutant concentrations are
made for each frequency designated in an array defined
by six stabilities, 1 6 wind directions, and six wind speeds
for 112 program-designed receptor sites on a radial grid
of variable scale. Empirical dispersion coefficients are used
and include adjustments for plume rise and limited mixing
Plume height is adjusted according to terrain elevations
and stability classes.
References
Burt, E W., 1 977: VALLEY Model User's Guide. EPA-450/
2-77-018. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC (September 1977) (NTIS
Accession Number PB 274 054.)
Addendum/Supplemental Information to the VALLEY
Model. 8 pp. (December 1982). (Distributed as part of
the UNAMAP, VERSION 5, Documentation.) (Included
as part of UNAMAP (VERSION 6) documentation.)
SHORTZ (Dated 82326)
Abstract
SHORTZ is designed to calculate the short-term pollutant
concentration produced at a large number of receptors
by emissions from multiple stack, building, and area
sources. SHORTZ uses sequential short term (usually
hourly) meteorological inputs to calculate concentrations
for averaging times ranging from 1 hour to 1 year. The
model is applicable in areas of both flat and complex
terrain, including areas where terrain elevations exceed
stack-top elevations. The program requires random-access
mass storage capability. An associated compatible
meteorological data processor is METZ.
References
Bjorklund, J. R.,andJ. F. Bowers, 1 982: User's Instructions
for the SHORTZ and LONGZ Computer Programs, Vols.
I and II. EPA-903/9-82-004Aand B. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Middle Atlantic Region III, Philadel-
phia, PA (March 1982). (NTIS Accession Numbers PB
83-146 092 and PB 83-146 100.)
Winges, Kirk D., 1986: User's Guide for POSTZ—A Post-
processor for the SHORTZ Air Quality Model. EPA-91 O/
9-86-144. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Region X, Seattle, WA 98101 (Available only from NTIS.
Submitted to NTIS for Accession Number.)
LONGZ (Dated 82327)
Abstract
LONGZ is designed to calculate the long-term pollutant
concentration produced at a large number of receptors
by emissions from multiple stack, building, and area
sources LONGZ uses statistical wind summaries to
calculate long-term (seasonal or annual) average concen-
trations. The model is applicable in areas of both flat and
complex terrain, including areas where terrain elevations
exceed stack-top elevations. The program requires
random-access mass storage capability.
References
Bjorklund, J. R.,andJ. F Bowers, 1 982: User's Instructions
for the SHORTZ and LONGZ Computer Programs, Vols.
I and II EPA-903/9-82-004Aand B. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Middle Atlantic Region III, Philadel-
phia, PA (March 1982) (NTIS Accession Numberd PB
83-146 092 and PB 83-146 100.)
Winges, Kirk D , 1986: User's Guide for POSTZ—A Post-
processor for the SHORTZ Air Quality Model. EPA-910/
9-86-144. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Region X, Seattle, WA 98101 (Available only from NTIS.
Submitted to NTIS for Accession Number )
12
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COMPLEX-/ (Dated 86064)
Abstract
COMPLEX-I is a multiple point source code with terrain
adjustment. The model specifications for testing were
suggested by team "B" on complex terrain at the Regional
Workshop on Air Quality Modeling in Chicago, February
1980. It is a sequential model utilizing hourly meteoro-
logical input. It assumes a normal distribution in the
vertical and a uniform distribution across a 22.5 degree
sector: the initial screening technique for complex terrain
applications, described in the Guideline on Air Quality
Models (Revised), has been incorporated as an option in
COMPLEX-I.
Reference
There is no user's guide for COMPLEX-I and no plans to
develop any as of July 1986. (Since COMPLEX-I is based
upon MPTER, the user guide for MPTER is useful. Also
note the differences from MPTER given in comment
statements in the first few pages of the COMPLEX-I source
code.)
The complete system, including a magnetic tape and
documentation entitled "UNAMAP (VERSION 6)," (Order
No. PB 86-222 361/AS; Cost: $1,285.00, subject to
change) will be available only from:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
Telephone(703)487-4650
The EPA Project Officer, D. Bruce Turner, can be contacted
at:
Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
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