United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Center for Environmental Research
Information
Cincinnati OH 45268
EPA/600/M-87/029
October 1987
xvEPA
ECHNOLOGY
RANSFER
The Bridge Between
Research and Use
New Technology Transfer Publications
Design Manual: Phosphorus Removal (#1001)
This document is the second revision to the original manual
published in 1971 The first revision was published in 1975
The manual presents the best developed methods for
removing phosphorus from municipal wastewater
Biological phosphorus removal was not included in either of
the previous editions and represents a major addition. The use
of lime as a chemical precipitant for phosphorus removal,
which received major treatment in the previous edition, is not
covered in this revision due to its loss of popularity as a
phosphorus removal technique. Phosphorus removal by
mineral addition is discussed extensively
Design information and operating procedures are included
for each of the technologies discussed. Case histories and
design examples are used to demonstrate application of the
technologies. A recommended approach to selecting a
phosphorus removal strategy is presented This approach
identifies the required effluent phosphorus limits and screens
potential phosphorus-removal techniques to identify those
processes capable of meeting the specified requirements A
separate chapter in the manual addresses sludge concerns for
phosphorus-removing treatment plants.
Technology Transfer Process Design Manual for
Dewatering Wastewater Sludges (#1014)
This manual revises and updates the information on sludge
conditioning and dewatering in the Technology Transfer
Process Design Manuals for Sludge Treatment and Disposal
and Dewatering Municipal Wastewater Sludges It has been
eight and five years, respectively, since the manuals were
completed. During that time the regulatory criteria for disposal
of sludges by landfillmg, combustion, land application and
ocean disposal processes have undergone tightening and
require the best dewatered sludge that can practically be
achieved
Significant advances have been made in dewatering since
preparation of the earlier documents. This new manual
considers the upgrading of existing dewatering processes as
well as the designing of new ones It pays particular attention
to the needs of small facilities. The manual includes chapters
on Air Drying Processes, Mechanical Dewatering Processes,
and New Dewatering Technologies.
Seminar Publication: Meeting Hazardous Waste
Requirements for Metal Finishers (#4018 )
Three seminars were held in the fall of 1986 in Boston,
Chicago, and Los Angeles. Support for the seminars came
from the American Electroplaters and Surface Finishers
Society, the National Association of Metal Finishers, and the
Metal Finishing Suppliers Association This publication
contains edited versions of the material presented at each of
the three seminars
This document provides information on the regulations
affecting hazardous wastes discharged by metal finishers
Topics included are the impact of RCRA regulations on both
small and large generators, the "delistmg" of a specific facility
waste from hazardous waste regulation, land disposal bans on
hazardous wastes, the use of used oil and hazardous wastes
as fuel, criteria for the use of underground storage tanks for
hazardous wastes, the relevance of the Clean Water Act to the
hazardous wastes discharged by metal finishers, the selection
of a responsible hazardous waste transporter and management
facility, the costs and benefits of source reductions in metal
finishing, materials reuse and recovery, the treatment and
management of organic liquids, and the characterization and
treatment of aqueous wastes
User's Guide: Emission Control Technologies and
Emission Factors for Unpaved Road Fugitive
Emissions (#5022)
During the past decade, research has shown that paniculate
emissions from open sources such as unpaved roads
contribute significantly to ambient particulate matter
concentrations in many areas. The current EPA emission
trading policy, commonly called the bubble policy, allows
excessive emissions from one source to be offset by improved
control of another source within the same plant. In
implementing the bubble policy, some plants have agreed to
reduce fugitive dust emissions in lieu of tighter controls on
process emissions
This document has been prepared to assist control agency
personnel in evaluating unpaved road fugitive emissions
control plans and to assist industry personnel in the
development of effective control strategies for unpaved roads.
This document describes control techniques for reducing
unpaved road emissions, methods for quantifying or estimating
emissions generation, and provides data for estimating the
efficiency of the performance of various control technologies
Although fugitive particulate emissions can be reduced by
reducing the extent of the source, this document focuses on
the use of "add-on" controls which do not affect the size or
throughput of the source
Within this document, fugitive emissions refer to those air
pollutants that enter the atmosphere without passing through a
stack or duct designed to direct or control their flow The
report discusses uncontrolled fugitive road dust emission
factors, control alternatives, estimation of control system
performance, and an industrial example (with emphasis on
-------
unpaved road emissions) illustrating the procedural steps for
control strategy development, including the capital, operation
and maintenance costs of representative controls
Handbook: Retrofitting POTWs for Phosphorus
Removal in the Chesapeake Bay Drainage Basin
(#607 7J
This document assesses the technology, economics, and
efficiency of phosphorus removal processes for use m the
Chesapeake Bay Drainage basin (CBDB). Since phosphorus
removal requirements in the CBDB vary widely with
geographic location, this document discusses the feasibility of
achieving effluent total phosphorus concentrations of 0.2, 0.5,
1.0, and 20 mg/l. The impact of a requirement for either
nitrification or nitrogen removal on phosphorus removal
processes is also addressed
This handbook presents state-of-the-art information on
phosphorus removal to be used by government officials,
design engineers, and plant operators in implementing
phosphorus removal strategies in the CBDB. Discussions of
both chemical and biological phosphorus removal
technologies are tailored to reflect those factors specific to
the CBDB, i.e., influent phosphorus, effluent phosphorus, and
plant type.
Executive Briefing: Injection Well Mechanical
Integrity (#9007)
U.S. EPA underground injection control regulations require
that all injection wells demonstrate mechanical integrity,
which is defined as no significant leak in the casing, tubing or
packer; and no significant fluid movement into an
underground source of drinking water through vertical
channels adjacent to the injection well bore.
A three-phase research project was conducted by the
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory to
determine state-of-the-art methods available for
mechanical integrity testing of injection wells and field test
specific analysis methods This document describes the
results of the second and third phases of this research, in
which two test wells were constructed for mechanical integrity
testing: a "logging well" to test for channels in the cement
behind the casing, and a "leak test well" to develop methods
for testing the integrity of the tubing, casing and packer as
well as locating fluid movement in channels behind the
casing.
Environmental Regulations and Technology Report:
Biomonitoring to Achieve Control of Toxic Effluents
(#10006 )
This publication provides National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) program managers, NPDES
permit writers, and water quality specialists an example of
how biological toxicity testing can be used to evaluate toxic
water quality problems.
A study was performed on the Akron, Ohio wastewater
treatment plant and its receiving stream, the Cuyahoga River
Although the Akron WWTP is a well-operated municipal
treatment facility that achieves excellent reduction in
conventional pollutants, the condition of the Cuyahoga River
below the Akron outfall is unsuitable for aquatic life for a
distance of 10 miles downstream.
The process of identifying a toxicity problem is presented
in Chapter 2 from the view of Ohio EPA, U.S. EPA Cincinnati,
and U.S. EPA Region 5. A reconnaissance trip was conducted
by U.S EPA/ERL-Duluth and others to confirm the site
selection and to refine the study plan for an onsite test
program. The results of this field reconnaissance trip are
presented in Chapter 3. The evolution of the study plan
(Chapter 4) is presented in view of the site selection data,
reconnaissance data, and site description. Chapter 5 contains
the results of the onsite testing of effluents and ambient river
water. The toxicity source investigation for identifying toxic
components and suggesting appropriate treatment
technologies is presented in Chapter 6. The conclusions of
the site characterization are presented and used to make
sample NPDES permit recommendations for the Akron
WWTP (Chapter 7). Technical methods are not included in
this document, but are referenced as appropriate.
Technology Transfer Meetings
Workshops on Emerging Technologies for
Upgrading Existing or Designing New Drinking
Water Treatment Facilities
These two-and-a-half day workshops are being
sponsored by the Association of State Drinking Water
Administrators and the United States Environmental
Protection Agency's Offices of Drinking Water and Research
and Development Their purpose is to actively transfer
technical information on recently emerging but proven
technologies and encourage their incorporation into either the
plans for process modifications or construction of new
processes. Removal processes for lead, radon, volatile
organics, synthetic organics and disinfection byproducts are
discussed along with filtration and disinfection technologies.
These workshops will be of value to individuals who
approve plans for the construction of new or the upgrading of
existing drinking water treatment facilities as well as
consulting engineers and drinking water treatment equipment
manufacturers
Locations for the workshops are:
St. Louis, Missouri; October 20-22, 1987
Tallahassee, Florida; November 3-5, 1987
San Francisco, California; January 19-21, 1988
For additional information, contact Sheila Rosen, JACA,
(215) 643-5466.
Seminar Series: RCRA/CERCLA Treatment
Alternatives for Hazardous Waste
This two-day seminar presents an overview and
introduction to a wide range of technologies that are entering
the application stage or are under development and that are
suitable for application to hazardous waste management both
from a RCRA or a CERCLA point of view. The seminar is
intended principally for entry level personnel who are
unfamiliar with the broad range of treatment technologies
available today. The seminar focuses on descriptions of the
available technologies, their suitability for differing waste
streams and waste management problems and their probable
costs. Locations for the seminar are
Seattle, WA, October 20-21, 1987
Boston, MA, November 3-4, 1987
Orlando, FL; November 18-19, 1987
New Orleans, LA December 10-11, 1987
For further information, contact Barbara Cormier, PEER
Consultants, 4134 Linden Avenue, Suite 202, Dayton, OH,
(513) 252-1222.
-------
Workshop: Superfund Alternative Technologies
Workshop
This two-day workshop is aimed at the EPA staff
engineers and scientists involved in CERCLA RI/FS, site
activities and remedial action design and implementation. The
workshop will consist of five sessions and will be devoted to
identifying, categorizing and dealing with the problems
commonly encountered at sites requiring remediation.
Experts having hands-on experience will participate in
each of the working sessions. Their function will be to lend
their technical expertise in assisting the attendees to develop
and evaluate alternative technologies and to provide some
"real world" insight into the reliability and suitability of various
technologies to the problem under consideration.
This course will be offered in the regions during the fall
and winter of 1987 and spring of 1988. For further
information, contact Barbara Cormier, PEER Consultants,
4134 Linden Avenue, Suite 202, Dayton, OH, (513) 252-
1222.
Seminar Series: Transport and Fate of Contaminants
in the Subsurface
This two-day seminar will provide a brief but intensive
overview of the physical, chemical and biological processes
that govern the transport and fate of contaminants in the
subsurface and the numerous and diverse effects of these
processes. A secondary purpose of the seminar is to provide
a summary of modeling approaches used to make predictions
about the transport and fate of contaminants in the
subsurface, and to describe the current and potential Agency
uses of such models. The sessions on simulation prediction
and management considerations are oriented to program
managers.
The seminar presentations have been organized into the
following sessions: 1&2, Physical Processes; 3&4, Chemical
Processes; 5&6, Biological Processes; 7, Simulation-
Prediction; and 8, Management Considerations. These
sessions are oriented to a technically-trained, but non-
specialized audience. Experience with higher-level
mathematics is not required, but an understanding of basic
hydrogeologic and chemical concepts, laws and equations is
recommended. The majority of these sessions will be spent
describing the state-of-the-science of evolving concepts
of subsurface contaminant transport processes and the
state-of-the-art in using such concepts to solve practical
problems. Abundant reference materials will be provided,
including summaries of current EPA-funded research
projects and their expected products
There is no fee for attending these seminars. Seminar
announcements will be sent out this fall. For registration
information, contact Mmdy Morganstern, (215) 643-5466.
Seminar locations and dates are as follows:
October 26-27, 1987 - Chicago IL
October 27-28, 1987 - Denver CO
November 30-December 1, 1987 - Philadelphia PA
December 1-2, 1987 - Atlanta GA
December 14-15, 1987 - San Francisco CA
December 15-16, 1987 - Seattle WA
January 11-12, 1988 - Kansas City MO
January 12-13, 1988 - Dallas TX
February 1-2, 1988 - New York NY
February 3-4, 1988 - Boston MA
EPA Exhibit at Air Pollution Control Association
Annual Meeting and Exhibition
The 80th annual APCA Meeting and Exhibition was June
21-26, 1987 at the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center in
New York City. The Office of Research and Development and
the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards participated
in displaying the agency's air pollution programs and
distributing material to the attendees. The latest monitoring
and testing techniques and air and hazardous waste control
technologies were presented. Two technology transfer
reports, Handbook for Control Technologies for Hazardous Air
Pollutants (Publication #6014) and Radon Reduction
Techniques for Detached Houses (Publication #5019) were
available at the exhibit. EPA will be on hand for next year's
June meeting in Dallas, Texas
-------
OCT
1987
REQUEST FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER MATERIAL
PROCESS DESIGN MANUALS
• Phosphorus Removal (Sepl 1987) 1001 Q
Municipal Sludge Landfills (Ocl 1978) . 1010 Q
Sludge Treatment and Disposal (Oct 1979) 1011 fj
Onsite Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Systems (Oct 1980) 1012Q
Land Treatment of Municpal Wastewater (Oct 1981) 1013 Q
Supplement for Land Treatment of Municipal
Wastewater (Ocl 1984) 1013a Q
• Dewatermg Municipal Wastewater Sludges (Sept 1987) 1014 Q
Municipal Wastewater Stabilization Ponds (Ocl 1983) . 1015 Q
Land Application of Municipal Sludge (Oct 1983) 1016 Q
Electiostatic Precipitator Operation and Maintenance (Sept 1985) 1017 n
Odor anj Corrosion Control in Sanitary Sewerage Systems
and Treatment Plants (Ocl 1985) 1018 Q
Lime/Limestone FGD Inspection and Performance
Evaluation Manual (Oc! 1985) 1019Q
Fabric Filter Operation arid Maintenance (June 1986) 1020 D
Municipal Wastewater Disinfection (Oct 1986) 1021 Q
TECHNICAL CAPSULE REPORTS
First Progress Report Wellman-Lord SO2 Recovery Process
- Flue Gas Desulfunzation Plant 2011 fj
Double Alkali Flue Gas Desulfurization System Applied at the
General Motors Parma, OH Facility 2016 D
Recovery of Spent Sulfunc Acid from Steel Pickling Operations 2017 O
Fourth Progress Report Forced-Oxidation Test Results at the
EPA Alkali Scrubbing Test Facility . 2018 []
Particulate Control by Fabric Filtration on Coal-Fired Industrial
Boilers . . 2021 n
Bahco Flue Gas Desulfunzation and Particulate Removal System 2022 fj
First Progress Report Physical Coal Cleaning Demonstration at
Homer City, PA . 2023 fj
Acoustic Monitoring to Determine the Integrity of Hazardous
Waste Dams 2024 fj
Disposal of Flue Gas Desulfunzalion Wastes Shawnee Field
Evaluation 2028 Q
Adipic Acid-Enhanced Lime/Limestone Test Results at the
EPA Alkali Scrubbing Test Facility . 2029 fj
Benefits of Microprocessor Control of Curing Ovens for
Solvent Based Castings 2031 fj
SEMINAR PUBLICATIONS
Composting of Municipal Wastewater Sludges 4014 n
Municipal Wastewater Sludge Combustion Technology 4015 n
Protection of Public Water Supplies from Groundwater
Contamination . 4016Q
• Meeting Hazardous Waste Requirements lor Metal Finishers 4018 Q
BROCHURES
Environmental Pollution Control Alternatives Reducing Water
Pollution Control Costs in the Electroplating Industry 5016 Q
Environmental Pollution Control Alternatives Centralized Waste
Treatment Alternatives tor the Electroplating Industry 5017 Q
Environmental Pollution Control Alternatives Sludge Handling,
Dewatermg. and Disposal Alternatives for the Metal
Finishing Industry . 5018 Q
Radon Reduction Techniques for Detached Houses 5019 Q
Nitrogen Oxide Control lot Stationary Combustion Sources . . 5020 D
• User's Guide Emission Control Technologies and Emission Factors
for Unpaved Road Fugitive Emissions . 5022 fj
HANDBOOKS
Industrial Guide tor Air Pollution Control (June 1978) . 6004 Q
Remedial Action at Waste Disposal Sites (Oct 1985) 6006 Q
Identification/Correction of Typical Design Deficiencies at
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities (Oct 1982) 6007 Q
Improving Publicly Owned Treatment Works Performance Using
the Composite Correction Program Approach (Oct. 1984) 6008 D
Septage Treatment and Disposal (Oct 1984) 6009 n
Estimating Sludge Management Costs at Municipal Wastewater
Treatment Facilities (Oct 1985) 60)0 Q
Permit Writers Guide to Test Burn Data Hazardous Waste
Incineration (Sept 1986) . . . 6012 Q
Stream Sampling for Waste Load Allocation Applications
(Sept 1986) . . 6013 n
Control Technologies for Hazardous Air Pollutants (Sept 1986) 6014,0
Underground Storage Tank Corrective Action
Technologies (Jan 1987) . 6015 Q
Ground Water (March 1987) . . 6016 Q
• Retrofitting POTWs lor Phosphorus Removal in the
Chesapeake Bay Drainage Area (Sept 1987) . 6017 fj
SUMMARY REPORTS
Control and Treatment Technology tor the Metal Finishing
Industry Series Sulfide Precipitation ... . . 8003 Q
Sulfur Oxides Control Technology Series FGD Dual Alkali
Process . . . 8004 Q
Sulfur Oxides Control Technology Series FGD Lime/Limestone
Processes . . 8006 Q
Control and Treatment Technology for the Metal Finishing
Industry Series Ion Exchange . 8007 fj
Control and Treatment Technology for the Metal Finishing
Industry Series In-Plant Changes . 8008 Q
Sullur Oxides Control Technology Series FGD Spray Dryer
Process . . 8009 f_]
Fine Pore (Fine Bubble) Aeration Systems . 8010 Q
Technology Assessment of Sequencing Batch Reactors 8011 Q
Causes and Control of Activated Sludge Bulking and Foaming 8012 rj
EXECUTIVE BRIEFINGS
Protecting Health and Safety at Hazardous Waste Sites 9006 Q
» Injection Well Mechanical Integrity . 9007 fj
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AND
TECHNOLOGY PUBLICATIONS
The Electroplating Industry . , . 10001 Q
Environmental Regulations and Technology Use and Disposal
of Municipal Wastewater Sludge . . 10003 Q
Fugitive VOC Emissions in the Synthetic Organic Chemicals
Manufacturing Industry . . 10004 Q
The National Pretrealment Program 10005 n
• Biomonitoring to Achieve Control of Toxic Effluents . 10006 FJ
If you are not on the mailing list for the Technology Transfer Newsletter, do you want to be added? Yes
If you are on the mailing list for the Technology Transfer Newsletter, do you want to remain? Yes
Name
Street
NoQ
NoQ
City/State/Zip Code _____
• Publication listed for first time.
Forward to: CERI, Technology Transfer, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box 12505, Cincinnati, OH 45212.
------- |