United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA/600/N-94/005
May 1994
xvEPA
ECHNOLOGY
RANSFER
from
Office of Research and Development
Office of Technology Transfer & Regulatory Support
New Technology Transfer
Publications
[use form in back to order]
I Brochure!
Regional Environmental Monitoring
and Assessment Program
(R-EMAP) (625/R-93/012)
The Regional Environmental Monitoring
and Assessment Program (R-EMAP) is a
component of EPA's Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment Program
(EMAP), an interagency program that
documents the status and trends in the
condition of the nation's ecological
resources. R-EMAP is a partnership of
EMAP, EPA regional offices, other federal
agencies, and the states to assess
ecological issues on the state and local
level. R-EMAP is coordinated through EPA
regional offices, other federal agencies
and states. The objectives of R-EMAP are
to
• Evaluate and improve EMAP
concepts for state and local use;
• Assess the applicability of EMAP
indicators at differing scales; and
• Demonstrate the utility of EMAP for
resolving issues of importance to
EPA regions and states.
This document presents an overview of
EMAP and R-EMAP along with detailed
descriptions of R-EMAP projects being
planned and implemented by each EPA
region. Seven EPA regions began imple-
mentation of R-EMAP projects during 1993
and the remaining three EPA regions will
begin R-EMAP project implementation in
1994. The seven R-EMAP projects
underway and described in this document
are
Region 1
Fish Tissue Contamination in the
State of Maine
Region 2
Sediment Quality of the NY-NJ
Harbor and the Regional Validation
of Indicators of Sediment
Region 3
Surface Water Quality Indicators
Region 6
Toxics Characterization of Selected
Texas Estuaries
Region 7
Estimating the Status of the Health of
Fisheries in EPA Region 7
Region 9
Assessment of Aquatic and Riparian
Ecosystems in a Highly Modified,
Agriculturally-Influenced Environment
(California's Central Valley)
Region 10
Biological Assessment of Wadable
Streams in the Coast Range
Ecoregion and the Yakima River
Basin
This document also describes plans for
the implementation of R-EMAP projects
during 1994 in EPA Regions 4, 5, and 7.
Handbooks
Control Techniques for Fugitive
VOC Emissions from Chemical
Process Facilities (625/R-93/005)
This handbook contains information
concerning volatile organic compound
(VOC) emissions from the synthetic
organic chemicals manufacturing industry
(SOCMI), petroleum refineries, on-shore
natural gas processing plants, polymer
manufacturing plants, benzene from
particular equipment, and vinyl chloride
from manufacturing plants that process
one or more polymers containing any
fraction of polymerized vinyl chloride.
Explanation of the regulations that apply to
small- to medium-sized industries are
contained in the handbook. The more
stringent requirements of the hazardous
organic national emission standard (HON)
are not discussed extensively in this
handbook. However, the procedures
discussed for control of VOC emissions
are applicable to any size facility. The
application of control practices will have to
be more stringent.
The handbook provides guidance on
control strategies to comply with regula-
tions that apply to chemical process
facilities. Three main types of standards
A) Printed on Recycled Paper
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are applied to fugitive emissions from
chemical process facilities: performance
standards, equipment practices, and work
practices. Each of these has its place and
may need to be applied in parallel to
achieve the necessary reductions of
fugitive emissions. This handbook outlines
the requirements and procedures to apply
the strategies.
Approaches for the Remediation of
Federal Facility Sites Contaminated
with Explosive or Radioactive
Waste (625/R-93/013)
Military operations have resulted in the
contamination of soil and ground water at
many federal facility sites. Several of these
sites are undergoing corrective action to
reduce risk. This handbook covers safety
concerns, sampling methods, and treat-
ment and management options for
explosive and radioactive waste that may
be found on these sites and will be of use
to all parties involved in the remediation.
Treatment methods covered in this
handbook include incineration, biodegra-
dation (including composting), open burn/
open detonation, recycling of propellents,
ultraviolet oxidation, activated carbon,
precipitation, ion exchange, polymer
encapsulation, vitrification, and grouting.
Management methods for unexploded
ordnances, compressed gas cylinders, and
reactive chemicals are also presented.
Ground Water and Wellhead
Protection (625/R-94/001)
This document is for those responsible
for delineating the boundaries of a
wellhead protection area, identifying and
evaluating potential contaminants, and
identifying wellhead management options.
It is divided into two parts: (I) Wellhead
Protection Area (WHPA) Delineation and
(II) Implementation of Wellhead Protection
Areas.
Part I: Chapter 1 provides a general
introduction to fundamentals of contami-
nant hydrogeology, followed by Chapter 2
(Potentiometric Maps) and 3 (Measure-
ments and Estimation of Aquifer Param-
eters for Flow Equations), which cover
essential hydrogeologic concepts for
WHPA delineation. The last three chapters
in Part I cover specific WHPA delineation
methods: simple geometric and analytical
methods, hydrogeologic mapping and
computer modeling.
Part II: Chapter 7 provides an overview
of the major steps in developing a well-
head protection program. Chapters 8
(Contaminant Identification and Risk
Assessment) and 9 (Wellhead Protection
Area Management) contain numerous
tables, checklists, and worksheets for the
steps that follow delineation of wellhead
protection areas. Chapter 10 includes six
case studies that illustrate delineation
methods and implementation approaches
for a variety of hydrogeologic settings.
j Seminar Publication j
Operational Parameters for
Hazardous Waste Combustion
Devices (625/R-93/008)
This publication contains information
presented in 1992 at a series of seminars.
In addition, a copy of the Draft Combustion
Strategy issued by Administrator Carol
Browner in May 1993 is included as an
appendix. Operational parameters
affecting efficient operation of the devices
designed and/or used to treat hazardous
wastes are discussed in this publication.
Regulatory authority that serves as the
basis for requiring certain parameters is
referenced.
Three types of hazardous waste
combustion devices are regulated under
the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA): incinerators, boilers, and
industrial furnaces. Standards applying to
incinerators are different from those that
apply to boilers and industrial furnaces.
Incinerator regulations were initially
promulgated in January 1981, with many
subsequent amendments. They are
codified in the Title 40, Code of Federal
Regulations, Parts 264 and 265, Subpart
O (40 CFR 264, 265). Boiler and industrial
furnace regulations were promulgated on
February 21, 1992, with subsequent
technical amendments. They are codified
in 40 CFR 260, et seq.
Enclosed devices with direct flame are
considered incinerators; thermal treatment
devices that are not enclosed, do not have
a direct flame, and are not a boiler or
industrial furnace are considered miscella-
neous units. To be classified as an
industrial furnace a device must be listed
in the regulation and produce a marketable
product; only twelve types of devices have
been classified as industrial furnaces
eligible to treat hazardous wastes.
Definitions for all three types of hazardous
waste treatment devices are listed in
Section 260.10 of 40 CFR 260.
| Guides to Cleaner Technologies j
Organic Coating Removal
(625/R-93/015)
Cleaner coating removal technologies
are developing rapidly to meet a variety of
industrial needs to replace solvent
strippers having toxic properties. This
guide describes cleaner technologies that
can be used to reduce waste in coating
removal operations. The removal technolo-
gies discussed employ one or more
general types of physical removal mecha-
nisms:
• Abrasive technologies that wear
coating off with scouring action.
• Impact technologies that rely on
particle impact to crack the coating to
remove it.
• Cryogenic technologies that use
extreme cold to make the coating
more friable and induce differential
contraction to debond the coating.
• Thermal technologies that use heat
input to oxidize, pyrolyze, and/or
vaporize the coating.
Information is presented on commer-
cially available as well as emerging
technologies. Issues discussed for each of
the technologies include how pollution can
be reduced, applications to various
operations, and potential cost benefits that
may be realized. Commercially available
technologies discussed include Plastic
Media Blasting, Wheat Starch Blasting,
Burnoff Coating Removal, Molten Salt
Coating Removal, Sodium Bicarbonate
Wet Blasting, Carbon Dioxide Pellet
Cryogenic Blasting, High-Pressure Water
Blasting, and Liquid Nitrogen Cryogenic
Blasting. Emerging technologies discussed
include Laser Heating, Flashlamp Heating,
and Ice Crystal Blasting.
Issues concerning various regulations
governing solvent-based methods are
discussed and summarized under the
Pollution Prevention Strategy Section,
which identifies the main federal environ-
mental regulations that may influence the
selection of a cleaner coating removal
technology. Also, a section on Cleaner
Technology Transfer considerations
discusses various criteria for selecting the
appropriate cleaning technology for the
type of substrate under consideration.
Alternatives To Chlorinated
Solvents For Cleaning and
Degreasing (625/R-93/016)
This guide describes chemical alterna-
tives to chlorinated solvents that eliminate
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the use of ozone-depleting chlorinated
solvents and smog-forming solvents that
contribute high levels of VOCs to the
atmosphere. Both commercially available
and emerging chemical alternatives are
discussed. Sufficient information is
presented to select one or more technolo-
gies for further analysis and in-plant testing
for process and system design engineers.
Industries that have traditionally used
chlorinated solvents include metal finish-
ing; airframe manufacturing; automotive
manufacturing; machine parts manufactur-
ing; electronics manufacturing and
assembling; glass fabrication and finishing;
and repair, overhaul, and equipment
maintenance.
Categories of available technologies
discussed include aqueous cleaners,
semi-aqueous cleaners, petroleum
hydrocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons
(HCFCs), miscellaneous organic solvents,
supercritical fluids, and carbon dioxide
snow. Categories discussed under
emerging technologies include catalytic
wet oxidation cleaning and absorbent
media cleaning.
The Pollution Prevention Strategy
Section discusses the main federal
environmental regulations influencing the
move toward application of new cleaning
technologies. The Cleaner Technology
Transfer Considerations Section identifies
several databases that can assist users in
choosing a cleaning technology. Various
characteristics and multiple-attribute
selection methods are also presented to
help the user in narrowing the potential
number of possible cleaning agents as
alternatives to chlorinated solvents.
Recommendations on the use of vendors
are also presented.
Cleaning and Degreasing Process
Changes (625/R-93/017)
This guide describes cleaner technolo-
gies that can be used to reduce waste in
cleaning and degreasing operations. The
focus is primarily on process changes that
use different technologies for cleaning or
eliminate the need for cleaning solvent as
part of a production operation. Cleaning
and degreasing processes are applied in a
variety of industrial processes to remove
dirt, soil, and grease. Cleaning and
degreasing operations are usually carried
out as a final step in manufacturing a
product, as a preliminary step in preparing
a surface for further work as in electroplat-
ing, or as an operation between equipment
uses. Technologies discussed include
commercially available technologies that
include add-on controls to existing vapor
degreasers, completely enclosed vapor
cleaning, automated aqueous cleaning,
aqueous power washing, ultrasonic
cleaning, low-solids fluxes, and inert
atmosphere soldering. Emerging technolo-
gies are also discussed, including vapor
storage technology, vacuum furnace, laser
cleaning, plasma cleaning and fluxless
soldering technologies as well as replace-
ments for tin-lead solder joints.
Sufficient information is presented to
select one or more commercially available
technologies for further analysis and
in-plant testing. Pollution prevention
benefits, reported applications, operational
benefits, and limitations are discussed for
each of the technologies presented. The
main federal environmental regulations
influencing the application of new cleaning
technologies are discussed in the Pollution
Prevention Strategy Section.
The Cleaner Technology Transfer
Considerations Section contrasts options
for using new cleaning equipment with
semi-aqueous or aqueous cleaner
alternatives. Information on pilot testing of
technologies and processes as well as
considerations for vendors' assistance in
selecting alternative cleaning methods is
also presented.
[Seminars/Workshops J
Construction Quality Assurance/
Construction Quality Control (CQA/
CQC) for Waste Containment
Facilities/Hydrologic Evaluation of
Landfill Performance (HELP) Model
In selecting and designing the compo-
nents (composite liner, slurry wall, cover)
of RCRA and Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act waste containment facilities,
significant resources are expended.
However, without conducting proper
quality control and quality assurance
measures during the manufacture and
construction of facility materials and
components, there will be no assurance
that the facility will perform as designed,
resulting in costly rework or failure of the
facility.
Procedures have been developed that
can provide a high degree of assurance
that a waste containment facility has been
constructed and will perform "as de-
signed." These procedures, when followed
by trained and experienced personnel as
part of an overall quality control and quality
assurance program, will satisfy all parties
involved (regulatory, owner/operator,
design engineer, contractor) that the
remedial alternative is sound and reliable.
At most waste containment facilities,
liquid management systems are critically
important for limiting leachate generation
and migration. Leachate collection and
liner systems restrict migration of leachate
from waste containment sites by limiting
leakage through liners and promoting
leachate collection. The HELP model aids
in the design and evaluation of these
systems.
The Center for Environmental Research
Information (CERI) will be conducting ten,
two-day seminars addressing proper
quality control and quality assurance for
waste containment facilities. In addition, a
detailed overview of the newly updated
HELP model will be presented. The dates
and locations for the seminars are as
follows:
Boston, MA June 6-7, 1994
Atlanta, GA June 8-9, 1994
New York, NY June 20-21, 1994
Philadelphia, PA June 22-23, 1994
Dallas, TX July 25-26, 1994
San Francisco, CA July 26-27, 1994
Seattle, WA July 27-28, 1994
Chicago, IL Aug. 8-9, 1994
Kansas City, MO Aug. 9-10, 1994
Denver, CO Aug. 10-11,1994
For information on the technical content
of the seminars, contact Dan Murray,
CERI, at 513-569-7522 (513-569-7585,
Fax). For registration information, contact
Eastern Research Group, Inc. (ERG),
Registration Office at 617-647-7374 (617-
674-2906, Fax).
Control of Combined Sewer
Overflows
Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) are
discharges of a mixture of urban runoff,
sewage, and industrial and commercial
wastewater. During wet weather, com-
bined sewer systems cannot handle the
increased flows resulting from the inflow of
rainwater, causing overflows to occur at
designated points in the system and
resulting in degradation of receiving water
quality. CSOs are unique in their charac-
teristics due to the sources of contamina-
tion that contribute to them. Many view
CSOs as another point source discharge
from a well-defined system of sewers.
While that is partly true, a CSO is more like
a nonpoint source discharge in its charac-
ter. CSOs, like nonpoint sources, are
triggered during wet weather. Their
duration and frequency are related more to
the nature of precipitation than anything
else. The pollutant characteristics of CSOs
are a function of land use, which affects
the quality of urban runoff, and the quality
of sewage and industrial and commercial
wastewater flowing in the system.
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Because of their unique and
site-specific nature, CSOs are difficult to
analyze, manage, and control. However,
the effects of CSOs must be reduced to
maintain the integrity of our nation's
surface waters, especially where CSOs
are only one of many sources that need to
be addressed as part of regional- or
watershed-level management and protec-
tion programs. Many approaches for
evaluating and addressing the water
quality effects of CSOs have been taken.
In recent years, the U.S. EPA has in-
creased its activities in controlling CSOs.
CERI has recently developed a manual on
CSO control, Control of Combined Sewer
Overflows (EPA/625/R-93/007). This
seminar series is a follow-up to that
manual. The purpose of these two-day
seminars will be to provide technical
information on state-of-the-art methods
and technologies for evaluating and
controlling CSOs. The intent of the
seminars is to provide information that
complements the manual by using
numerous case studies to illustrate the
application of CSO control practices and
technologies in the field.
The dates and locations for the semi-
nars are as follows:
Boston, MA Aug. 15-16, 1994
Portland, OR Aug. 18-19,1994
Pittsburgh, PA Aug. 30-31,1994
Chicago, IL Sept. 1-2, 1994
E. Brunkswick, NJ Sept. 26-27,1994
For information on the technical content
of the seminars, contact Dan Murray,
CERI, at 513-569-7522 (513-569-7585,
Fax). For registration information contact
ERG, Registration Office at 617-674-7374
(617-674-2906, Fax).
Managing Environmental Problems
at Inactive and Abandoned Metals
Mine Sites
This seminar series is being sponsored
jointly by CERI and the Risk Reduction
Engineering Laboratory to provide informa-
tion on practical approaches to managing
inactive and abandoned metals mines in
an environmentally sound manner. The
seminar will focus on remediation and
management techniques.
The target audience includes all
individuals associated with or interested in
the management (e.g., source control,
pathway interrupt, and treatment) of mining
wastes from inactive mining sites, such as
mining company owners/operators,
environmental specialists, public lands
administrators, federal and state regula-
tors, and citizens associated with environ-
mental or other groups concerned about
mining wastes. No registration fee is
charged for attendance at these seminars.
For technical information, contact Ed
Barth, CERI, at 513-569-7669. For
registration information, contact Deborah
Kanter at ERG, 617-674-7620, (617-
674-2906 Fax).
Seminar dates and locations:
Butte, MT Aug. 8-9,1994
Denver, CO Nov. 15-16,1994
Sacramento, CA Nov. 17-18, 1994
EPA is establishing a database of
GRITS/STAT users. The database will
be used to notify GRITS/STAT users of
updates to the software and potential
problems and solutions encountered in
using the software. If you are a GRITS/
STAT user, send your name, organiza-
tion, address, and phone number to the
following address:
Mary Bitney
WSTM/RCRA/GEOL
USEPA Region 7
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66101
EPA is pleased to offer you software
we feel will enable you to analyze
technical data efficiently. Since the
software is currently being improved
and expanded, send enhancement
ideas for it or any problems encoun-
tered while using it to the above
address. Hotline telephone support is
available by calling 913-551-7074.
Wellhead Protection
EPA's Office of Science, Planning and
Evaluation (OSPRE) has joined forces with
its Office of Ground Water and Drinking
Water and the National Rural Water
Association to facilitate the protection of
ground water in small and rural communi-
ties. State workshops are being held to
promote awareness of ground water and
wellhead protection and provide specific
information on how to go about it. They
inform and instruct small community
decision makers and others involved in the
development of wellhead protection
programs. Participants have included utility
board members, local health departments,
state extension agents, well drillers, the
League of Women Voters, and local
media. Workshop presentations include
the following: Introduction to Ground
Water, Ground Water Contamination,
Resource Protection, and Five Steps to
Protection. Following the presentations,
the participants break into small groups
and work through a case study to develop
a wellhead protection plan. The goal of this
process is for participants to learn the
procedure for developing a wellhead
protection plan well enough to apply it in
their own communities. Workshop partici-
pants receive an information packet on
wellhead protection containing materials to
use when they return to their communities.
As of April 1994, four workshops each had
been held in Arkansas, California, Florida,
Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, New
Jersey, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Utah,
West Virginia, and Wisconsin. Approxi-
mately 2,200 individuals attended these 52
workshops. Future workshops are planned
for Michigan, Texas, Oregon, and the
northeastern sector of the U.S. For more
information, contact David Streeter of the
National Rural Water Association at
405-252-0629 or Jim Smith of the Center
for Environmental Research Information at
513-569-7355.
Environmental Problem Solving
with Geographic Information
Systems (GIS)
Solving environmental problems is
made more complex with consideration of
cross-media pollutant transport and
watershed-based decision making. The
application of GIS to environmental
problem solving has increased greatly the
manipulation and analysis of relational and
spatial data providing environmental
decision makers with a powerful tool for
the analysis of multimedia environmental
data over increasingly broad areas
(watersheds, states, regions).
CERI will conduct a national conference
on the application of GIS to environmental
problem solving. The goal of this confer-
ence will be to exchange information on
the process of using GIS in environmental
applications, rather than on the program-
ming of specific GIS systems. White the
approach to using GIS will vary from
application to application, a common,
technically sound framework for applying
GIS to environmental problems should be
used. This conference seeks to examine
each component of this framework with
papers that address the following:
• Problem identification and definition;
• Data requirements (coverage, scale),
availability, documentation, reliability,
and acquisition;
• Approaches considered and selected
for solving the problem;
• Challenges and pitfalls encountered;
and
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• Interpretation of results, including
level of confidence achieved based
on data quality and approach taken.
The audience is expected to include
environmental engineers, scientists,
planners, and academics who are applying
GIS to environmental problem solving or
are considering future use of GIS for
environmental applications. The audience
is likely to represent a cross-section of
federal, state, and local agencies; the
private sector; and academic institutions.
The conference will be held in Cincin-
nati, Ohio, on September 21-23,1994.
For information on the technical content
of the conference, contact Sue Schock
(513-569-7551) or Dan Murray (513-
569-7522) at CERI. For registration
information, contact ERG, Registration
Office at 617-674-7374 (617-674-2906,
Fax).
Symposium on Intrinsic
Bioremediation of Ground Water
A symposium on Intrinsic
Bioremediation of Ground Water will be
held August 30-September 1,1994, in
Denver, Colorado. This 3-day symposium
is being organized by EPA's Biosystems
Technology Development Program (BTDP)
and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS),
with funding from EPA and the U.S. Air
Force. The purpose of the symposium is to
explore the capabilities and limitations of
intrinsic bioremediation (also known as
natural remediation or bioattenuation) for
treatment of contaminated ground water.
Symposium presentations will examine
the state of the science of intrinsic
bioremediation, as well as regulatory
issues associated with application of the
technology. Presentations will focus on
identifying the primary controls on intrinsic
bioremediation and the regulatory require-
ments for use of intrinsic bioremediation.
The symposium will provide an opportunity
for exchange of information among federal
agencies, states, industry, and consult-
ants.
For technical information, contact Fran
Kremer, 513-569-7346. To register for the
symposium, call ERG, at 617-674-7374.
For more information about the sympo-
sium, call Helen Murray of ERG at
617-674-7307.
Sixth Annual Symposium on
Bioremediation of Hazardous
Wastes: Research, Development,
and Field Evaluations
The sixth annual Symposium on
Bioremediation of Hazardous Wastes:
Research, Development, and Field
Evaluations, will be held June 28-30, 1994,
in San Francisco, California. This 3-day
symposium is being sponsored by EPA's
Biosystems Technology Development
Program (BTDP), which coordinates EPA's
bioremediation research and development
activities, including the Agency's field
evaluations of site cleanups using
bioremediation.
The symposium will consist of technical
paper and poster presentations on the
bioremediation projects undertaken by
BTDP in 1993, as well as projects con-
ducted by EPA's Hazardous Substance
Research Centers (HSRCs). Presentation
topics will include in situ treatment of
surface and subsurface contaminants, ex
situ treatment of aqueous- and
gaseous-phase contaminants, and ex situ
treatment of soil contaminants. The target
audience for the symposium includes
researchers and field personnel from
federal, state, and local government
agencies; industry; technology vendors;
consultants; and academia.
For technical information, contact Fran
Kremer, 513-569-7346. To register for the
1994 bioremediation symposium, call
ERG, at 617-674-7374. For more informa-
tion about the symposium, call Helen
Murray of ERG at 617- 674-7307.
A WMA Annual Meeting
EPA will again participate in the Air and
Waste Management Association's Annual
Meeting, displaying some of its research
and technology transfer achievements in
air pollution control and waste manage-
ment. The annual meeting will be held
June 19-24, 1994, in Cincinnati, Ohio. A
major part of EPA's exhibit consists of
distributing technology transfer products
and guidance documents from the Office
of Research and Development and the
program offices. In addition, demonstra-
tions are given on various computer
software packages available for assisting
the regulated community with compliance
problems.
Participating in the exhibit this year will
be several ORD laboratories, the Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards, and
the Technology Innovation Office (Super-
fund).
Approximately 600 exhibitors are
expected this year with about 6,000
attendees. Such a large gathering of
professionals in air pollution control and
waste management is a unique opportunity
for EPA to "get its message out" to its
public, the regulated community and other
regulators.
AWWA Annual Conference
The EPA Offices of Research and
Development (ORD) and Groundwater and
Drinking Water (OGWDW) will again
cooperate in an exhibit at the June 19-23,
1994, American Water Works Association
(AWWA) Annual Conference and Exposi-
tion in New York, New York. Approximately
11,000 state and utility personnel along
with consultants, manufacturers and
academicians regularly attend this
meeting. This is the ninth successive year
in which ORD and OGWDW have collabo-
rated to provide a joint EPA exhibit.
As part of the exhibit, ORD and
OGWDW display and make available to
participants many publications that are
pertinent to the Agency's drinking water
program. At last year's meeting almost
3,000 ORD publications were requested by
visitors to the booth.
Several EPA research scientists are
participating in the conference's technical
program by presenting papers. Examples
from the Risk Reduction Engineering
Laboratory are Survival of a Fraction of
Heterotrophic Bacteria Indigenous to the
Ohio River after Prolonged Exposure to
Free Chlorine by Jim Owens; Helping
Small Systems Comply with Drinking
Water Regulations by Ben Lykins;
Cryptosporidium: The Milwaukee Experi-
ence and Relevant Research by Kim Fox;
A Systematic Study on the Control of Lead
in a New Building by Darren Lytle; Control
of DBFs by Enhanced Coagulation by Dick
Miltner; Lead Solubility: Control and
Possible Impacts on Distribution Systems,
by Mike Schock; Impact of the SDWA
Regulations on Water Quality in Drinking
Water Distribution Systems: Effects of
Tanks and Reservoirs by Bob Clark; and
Regulatory Implications of Using Biological
Treatment by Bob Clark.
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ORD BBS Update
[Call 516-569-7610 to access the ORD Electronic Bulletin Board System]
New Conference: Sewage Sludge—Biosolids—
Residuals
The purpose of this conference is to provide a forum for
presentation and discussion of relevant regulations, guidance
information, technical publications and means of getting further
assistance. Its intended users include, but are not limited to,
residuals management professionals, system managers, regula-
tors, equipment manufacturers, system design engineers, and
academicians. The impetus for having the conference is the
promulgation of the 40 CFR Part 503. It is anticipated that
information, guidance, and other answers will be required relevant
to 40 CFR Parts 257 and 258 as they apply to situations such as
the management of water treatment plant residuals and wastes
that are placed in municipal solid waste landfills.
Coverage will include all facets of residuals treatment, such as
conditioning, thickening, dewatering, stabilization, disinfection and
combustion. Sampling and analyses can also be addressed. Use
and disposal methodologies include land application, distribution
and marketing, and surface disposal methods such as landfilling
and dedicated land disposal. Where available guidance or other
technical information cannot readily be found on the bulletin
board, you, the user, should leave a message for "Captain
Sludge." Captain Sludge will then either leave an answer for you
on the bulletin board, or, if you leave a telefax number and/or
phone number, respond in the most appropriate way.
It is suggested that every time you log on you review the news,
bulletin, and new-file areas for the most recent information.
To access the conference, you will initially need to access the
EPA Office of Research and Development's Bulletin Board (ORD
BBS) using a modem and dialing 513-569-7610. The modem
should be set for a speed of up to 9600 bps; 8 data bits; no parity;
and a stop of 1. When you connect with ORD BBS for the first
time, you will be asked your name, affiliation, telephone number,
interest in the bulletin board, and a password. The sludge/
biosolids/residuals conference, Conference #11, can then be
joined by letting the Sysop know you wish to register at no charge
for it. The Sysop will ask you the following questions:
Name
Address
Job Title
Interest in Residuals
Fax#
It is our hope that you find this conference useful and enjoy-
able!
New GRITS Conference
All GRITS/STAT software and bulletins have been moved to a
new conference on the ORD BBS—Conference 5. Type /5 at the
main menu to join this new conference.
New Hypertext Document
A hypertext format (electronic version) of the Handbook:
Control of Air Emissions from Superfund Sites has been placed
on the ORD BBS to provide easy access to users who need to
review the contents of this handbook first made available from
CERI last year. The handbook is still available, but a review of it
via the ORD BBS may help users determine if they prefer a hard
copy of the book or the electronic format shown on the BBS. It is
available either way.
The handbook contains a clear "Help" system and is very user
friendly. Users are encouraged to read the "readme.txt" file prior
to using the hypertext format of the handbook. Instructions are
available on the screen.
ERRATA
EPA/625/R-92/013, Environmental Regulations and
Technology: Control of Pathogens and Vector Attraction in
Sewage Sludge
The three equations appearing on Page 106 should read as
follows:
_ index/ 100 mix 4
Salmonella sp. in MPN/4g -- % dry solids
Salmonella sp. MPN/4g=
2x 4
Salmonella sp. MPN/4g:
MPN index/100 mix 4
% dry solids
The mistake in the equations was in dividing MPN by 1 g
instead of by 4 g.
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Future Meetings
Meeting
Seminar
Seminar
Seminar
Workshop
Conference
Symposium
Symposium
Title
Construction Quality
Assurance/Construct-
ion Quality Control
(CQA/CQC) for Waste
Containment
Facilities/Hydrologic
Evaluation of Landfill
Performance (HELP)
Model
Control of Combined
Sewer Overflows
Managing
Environmental
Problems at Inactive
and Abandoned
Metals Mine Sites
Wellhead Protection
Environmental
Problem Solving with
Geographic
Information Systems
Intrinsic
Bioremediation of
Ground Water
Bioremediation of
Hazardous Wastes:
Research,
Development, and
Field Evaluations
Date(s)
June 6-7, 1994
June 8-9, 1994
June 20-2 1,1 994
June 22-23, 1994
July 25-26, 1994
July 26-27, 1994
July 27-28, 1994
Aug. 8-9, 1994
Aug. 9-10, 1994
Aug. 10-11, 1994
Aug. 15-16, 1994
Aug. 18-19,1994
Aug. 30-31, 1994
Sept. 1-2,1994
Sept. 26-27, 1994
Aug. 8-9, 1994
Nov. 15-16, 1994
Nov. 17-18, 1994
To be announced
Sept. 21-23, 1994
Aug. 30-Sept. 1,1994
June 28-30,1 994
Location
Boston, MA
Atlanta, GA
New York, NY
Philadelphia, PA
Dallas, TX
San Francisco, CA
Seattle, WA
Chicago, IL
Kansas City, MO
Denver, CO
Boston, MA
Portland, OR
Pittsburgh, PA
Chicago, IL
E. Brunswick, NJ
Butte, MT
Denver, CO
Sacramento, CA
To be announced
Cincinnati, OH
Denver, CO
San Francisco, CA
Contact
ERG
(registration)
Dan Murray
(content)
ERG
(registration)
Dan Murray
(content)
Deborah Kanter
(registration)
Ed Barth
(content)
David Streeter
or
Jim Smith
ERG
(registration)
Sue Schock
or
Dan Murray
(content)
ERG
(registration)
Fran Kremer
(content)
ERG
(registration)
Fran Kremer
(content)
Phone No.
617-647-7374
61 7-674-2906 (Fax)
513-569-7522
61 7-647-7374
61 7-674-2906 (Fax)
513-569-7522
617-674-7620
61 7-674-2906 (Fax)
513-569-7669
405-252-0629
513-569-7355
617-647-7374
61 7-674-2906 (Fax)
513/569-7551
513/569-7522
61 7-647-7374
61 7-674-2906 (Fax)
513-569-7346
617-647-7374
61 7-674-2906 (Fax)
513-569-7346
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TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER MATERIAL
MANUALS
Phosphorus Removal (Sept. 1987) 625/1-87/001
Land Treatment of Municipal Wastewater (Oct. 1981) 625/1-81/013
Supplement for Land Treatment of Municipal Wastewater (Oct. 1984) 625/1-81/013a
Dewatering Municipal Wastewater Sludges (Sept. 1987) 625/1-87/014
Land Application of Municipal Sludge (Oct. 1983) 625/1-83/016
Odor and Corrosion Control in Sanitary Sewerage Systems and Treatment Plants (Oct. 1985) 625/1-85/018
Municipal Wastewater Disinfection (Oct. 1986) 625/1-86/021
Constructed Wetlands and Aquatic Plant Systems for Municipal Wastewater Treatment (Oct. 1988) 625/1-88/022
Fine Pore Aeration Systems (Oct. 1989) 625/1-89/023
Alternative Collection Systems for Small Communities (Oct. 1991) 625/1-91/024
Guidelines for Water Reuse (Sept. 1992) 625/R-92/004
Wastewater Treatment/Disposal for Small Communities (Sept. 1992) 625/R-92/005
Control of CSO Discharges (Sept. 1993) 625/R-93/007
Manual: Nitrogen Control (Sept. 1993) 625/R-93/010
TECHNICAL CAPSULE REPORT
Radon-Resistant Construction Techniques for New Residential Construction: Technical Guidance 625/2-91/032
SEMINAR PUBLICATIONS
Permitting Hazardous Waste Incinerators 625/4-87/017
Meeting Hazardous Waste Requirements for Metal Finishers 625/4-87/018
Transport and Fate of Contaminants in the Subsurface 625/4-89/019
Corrective Actions - Technologies and Applications 625/4-89/020
Solvent Waste Reduction Alternatives 625/4-89/021
Requirements for Hazardous Waste Landfill Design, Construction and Closure 625/4-89/022
Technologies for Upgrading Existing or Designing New Drinking Water Treatment Facilities 625/4-89/023
Risk Assessment, Management and Communication of Drinking Water Contamination 625/4-89/024
Design and Construction of RCRA/CERCLA Final Covers 625/4-91/025
Site Characterization for Subsurface Remediation 625/4-91/026
Nonpoint Source Watershed Workshop 625/4-91/027
Medical and Institutional Waste Incineration: Regulations, Management, Technology, Emissions, and
Operation 625/4-91/030
Control of Biofilm Growth in Drinking Water Distribution Systems 625/R-92/001
Organic Air Emissions from Waste Management Facilities 625/R-92/003
The National Rural Clean Water Program Symposium 625/R-92/006
RCRA Corrective Action Stabilization Technologies 625/R-92/014
Control of Lead and Copper in Drinking Water 625/R-93/001
Wellhead Protection: A Guide for Small Communities 625/R-93/002
Operational Parameters for Hazardous Waste Combustion Devices 625/R-93/008
BROCHURES
Environmental Pollution Control Alternatives: Drinking Water Treatment for Small Communities 625/5-90/025
Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (R-EMAP) 625/R-93/012
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TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER MATERIAL (continued)
HANDBOOKS
Septage Treatment and Disposal (Oct. 1984) 625/6-84/009
Control Technologies for Hazardous Air Pollutants (July 1991) 625/6-91/014
Ground Water (Revised 1990) Volume I (Sept. 1990) 625/6-90/016a
Ground Water (Revised 1991) - Volume II: Methodology (July 1991) 625/6-90/0165
Retrofitting POTWs for Phosphorus Removal in the Chesapeake Bay Drainage Area (Sept. 1987) 625/6-87/017
Guide to Technical Resources for the Design of Land Disposal Facilities (Dec. 1988) 625/6-88/018
Guidance on Setting Permit Conditions and Reporting Trial Burn Results (Jan. 1989) 625/6-89/019
Retrofitting POTWs (July 1989) 625/6-89/020
Hazardous Waste Incineration Measurement Guidance (June 1989) 625/6-89/021
Stabilization/Solidification of CERCLA and RCRA Wastes (July 1989) 625/6-89/022
Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) Procedures for Hazardous Waste Incineration (Jan. 1990) 625/6-89/023
Operation and Maintenance of Hospital Waste Incinerators (Jan. 1990) 625/6-89/024
Assessing the Geochemical Fate of Deep-Well Injected Hazardous Waste (June 1990)
Reference Guide 625/6-89/025a
Summaries of Recent Research 625/6-89/025b
Stabilization Technologies for RCRA Corrective Actions (Aug. 1991) 625/6-91/026
Optimizing Water Treatment Plant Performance Using the Composite Correction Program
Approach (Feb. 1991) 625/6-91/027
Remediation of Contaminated Sediments (Apr. 1991) 625/6-91/028
Sub-Slab Depressurization for Low-Permeability Fill Material
Design & Installation of a Home Radon Reduction System (July 1991) 625/6-91/029
Sewer System Infrastructure Analysis and Rehabilitation (Oct. 1991) 625/6-91/030
Materials Recovery Facilities for Municipal Solid Waste (Sept. 1991) 625/6-91/031
Assessment Protocols: Durability of Performance of a Home Radon Reduction System (Apr. 1991) 625/6-91/032
Vitrification Technologies for Treatment of Hazardous and Radioactive Waste (May 1992) 625/R-92/002
Control of Air Emissions from Superfund Sites 625/R-92/012
Subsurface Field Screening, Characterization and Monitoring
Techniques: A Desk Reference Guide (Sept. 1993) 625/R-93/003
Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention and Control Planning (Sept. 1993) 625/R-93/004
Use of Airborne, Surface and Borehole Geophysical Techniques at Contaminated Sites:
A Reference Guide (Sept. 1993) 625/R-92/007
* Control Techniques for Fugitive VOC Emissions from Chemical Process Facilities (March 1994) 625/R-93/005
* Approaches for the Remediation of Federal Facility Sites Contaminated with Explosive or
Radioactive Waste (Sept. 1993) 625/R-93/013
* Ground Water and Wellhead Protection (May 1994) 625/R-94/001
GUIDES TO POLLUTION PREVENTION
The Pesticide Formulating Industry (Feb. 1990) 625/7-90/004
The Paint Manufacturing Industry (June 1990) 625/7-90/005
The Fabricated Metal Industry (July 1990) 625/7-90/006
The Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing Industry (June 1990) 625/7-90/007
The Commercial Printing Industry (Aug. 1990) 625/7-90/008
-------
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER MATERIAL (continued)
Selected Hospital Waste Streams (June 1990) 625/7-90/009
Research and Educational Institutions (June 1990) 625/7-90/010
Approaches for Remediation of Uncontrolled Wood Preserving Sites (Nov. 1990) 625/7-90/011
The Photoprocessing Industry (Oct. 1991) 625/7-91/012
The Automotive Repair Industry (Oct. 1991) 625/7-91/013
The Fiberglass-Reinforced and Composite Plastics Industry (Oct. 1991) 625/7-91/014
The Marine Maintenance and Repair Industry (Oct. 1991) 625/7-91/015
The Automotive Refinishing Industry (Oct. 1991) 625/7-91/016
The Pharmaceutical Industry (Oct. 1991) 625/7-91/017
The Mechanical Equipment Repair Industry (Sept. 1992) 625/R-92/008
Metal Casting and Heat Treating Industry (Sept. 1992) 625/R-92/009
Municipal Pretreatment Programs (Sept. 1993) 625/R-93/006
Non-Agricultural Pesticide Users (Sept. 1993) 625/R-93/009
* Organic Coating Removal (Feb. 1994) 625/R-93/015
* Alternatives To Chlorinated Solvents For Cleaning and Degreasing (Feb. 1994) 625/R-93/016
* Cleaning and Degreasing Process Changes (Feb. 1994) 625/R-93/017
SUMMARY REPORTS
Biomonitoring for Control of Toxic Effluent Discharges to the Marine Environment 625/8-89/015
In-Vessel Composting of Municipal Wastewater Sludge 625/8-89/016
Optimizing Water Treatment Plant Performance with the Composite Correction Program 625/8-90/017
Small Community Water and Wastewater Treatment 625/R-92/010
EXECUTIVE BRIEFINGS
Injection Well Mechanical Integrity 625/9-89/007
Experiences in Incineration Applicable to Superfund Site Remediation 625/9-88/008
Volumetric Tank Testing: An Overview 625/9-89/009
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY PUBLICATIONS
The Electroplating Industry 625/10-85/001
Fugitive VOC Emissions in the Synthetic Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Industry 625/10-84/004
Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion of Municipal Wastewater Sludge 625/10-90/007
Control of Pathogens and Vectors in Sewage Sludge 625/R-92/013
SOFTWARE
POTW Expert 625/11-90/001
Strategic WAste Minimization Initiative (SWAMI) Version 2.0 625/11-91/004
GRoundwater Information Tracking System with STATistical Analysis Capability 625/11-91/002
OTHER
ORD BBS User's Manual (V 2.0) 600/M-91/050
Description and Sampling of Contaminated Soils: A Field Pocket Guide 625/12-91/002
^ Listed for first time.
To order any of the above items, please use the Ordering Form on the last page. Please limit number of publications to 9. Justifica-
tion on letterhead required for more than 9 publications.
10
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TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ORDERING FORM
The numbers on this form correspond to those given to each publication. Circle the number of
the publication(s) you want to receive (not to exceed 9) and return this page to
ORD Publications
P.O. Box 19968
Cincinnati, OH 45219-0968
Telephone: 513-569-7562
Justification on letterhead required for more than 9 publications.
Manuals
625/1-87/001
625/1-81/013
625/1-81/0133
625/1-87/014
625/1-83/016
625/1-85/018
625/1-86/021
625/1-88/022
625/1-89/023
625/1-91/024
625/R-92/004
625/R-92/005
625/R-93/007
625/R-93/010
Capsule Report
625/2-91/032
Seminar
Publications
625/4-87/017
625/4-87/018
625/4-89/019
625/4-89/020
625/4-89/021
625/4-89/022
625/4-89/023
625/4-89/024
625/4-91/025
625/4-91/026
625/4-91/027
625/4-91/030
625/R-9 2/001
625/R-92/003
625/R-92/006
625/R-92/014
625/R-93/001
625/R-93/002
625/R-93/008
Brochure
625/5-90/025
625/R-93/012
Handbooks
625/6-84/009
625/6-91/014
625/6-90/0163
625/6-90/016b
625/6-87/017
625/6-88/018
625/6-89/019
625/6-89/020
625/6-89/021
625/6-89/022
625/6-89/023
625/6-89-024
625/6-89/0253
625/6-89/0256
625/6-91/026
625/6-91/027
625/6-91/028
625/6-91/029
625/6-91/030
625/6-91/031
625/6-91/032
fe25/R-92/002
625/7-90/004
625/R-92/002
625/R-92/007
625/R-92/012
625/R-93/003
625/R-93/004
625/R-93/005
625/R-93/013
625/R-94/001
PP Guides
625/7-90/005
625/7-90/006
625/7-90/007
625/7-90/008
625/7-90/009
625/7-90/010
625/7-90/011
625/7-91/012
625/7-91/013
625/7-91/014
625/7-91/015
625/7-91/016
625/7-91/017
625/R-92/008
625/R-92/009
625/R-93/006
625/R-93/009
625/R-93/015
625/R-93/016
625/R-93/017
Summary
Reports
625/8-89/015
625/8-89/016
625/8-90/017
625/R-92/010
Executive
Briefings
625/9-89/007
625/9-88/008
625/9-89/009
ER&T
Publications
625/10-85-001
625/10-84/004
625/10-90/007
625/R-92/013
Software
625/11-90/001
625/11-91/002
625/11/91/004
Others
600/M-91/050
625/12-91/002
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