fxEPA
             United States
             Environmental Protection
             Agency
             Air and Hazardous
             Materials Division
             230 South Dearborn Street
             Chicago, Illinois 60604
EPA 905/4 80-007
October 1980
             Region V
Interregional TSP Study For
The Steubenville-Weirton-
Wheeling Interstate Air
Quality  Control Region

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                                                          GCA-TR-80-53-G
                           Prepared for
               U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                 Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                      Contract No.-68-02-2539
                         Task Order No. 9

EPA Project Officer                            EPA Task Manager
   Tom Williams                                 John Paskevicz
                  INTERREGIONAL TSP STUDY FOR THE
                   STEUBENVILLE-WEIRTON-WHEELING
                          INTERSTATE AQCR
                           Final Report
                           October 1980
                            Prepared by
                      Kenneth W.  Wiltsee Jr.
                          Frank A.  Record
                          Susan E.  Pultz
                       Frederick  M.  Sellars
                          GCA CORPORATION
                      GCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
                      Bedford,   Massachusetts
                 U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
                 Region V, Library      '
                 230 South Dearborn Street
                 Chicago, Illinois  60604

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                                DISCLAIMER
     This Final Report was furnished to the U.S.  Environmental Protection
Agency by GCA Corporation, .GCA/Technology Division,  213 Burlington Road,
Bedford, Massachusetts, 01730,  in fulfillment of  Contract No.  68-02-2539,
Task Order No. 9.  The opinions,  findings, and conclusions expressed are
those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Environmental
Protection Agency or of cooperating agencies.  Mention of company or product
names is not to be considered as  an endorsement by the Environmental
Protection Agency.
                      Environmental  Protection Agency

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                                  ABSTRACT
     The objective of this effort is to assist the states of Ohio and West
Virginia in defining the causes of nonattainment of TSP standards in the
Steubenville-Weirton-Wheeling Interstate AQCR.  This effort was carried out
using microinventories, microscopic and chemical analysis, meteorological
studies, and dispersion modeling.

     The conclusion of this study is that 24-hour violations of the NAAQS for
suspended particulates often occur as a result of emissions from a specific
plant or plants; bringing these plants into compliance with existing regula-
tions should result in attainment of the short-term secondary standard.
Attainment of the annual primary standard, however, is not likely to occur
based only on enforcement of existing regulations.  Control of fugitive emis-
sions and fugitive dust, in addition to compliance of point source stack
emissions, is required to meet the annual NAAQS,
                                     iii

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                                   CONTENTS
Abstract	iii
Figures 	   v
Tables	vii
Acknowledgment	  i*
Executive Summary 	   x

     1.   Introduction  ....                                             1
               Purpose of study                                             1
               Data Base	   1
     2.   Inventory Development	   5
               Point source inventory 	   5
               Microinventory methodology 	   6
               Results  	   9
     3.   Microscopic Analysis  	  13
               Methodology	13
               Results	15
     4.   Chemical Analysis 	  24
               Methodology	24
               Results	24
               Significance of organics 	  28
     5.   Air Quality — Emissions Analysis	31
               Methodology	31
               Results	32
     6.   Source Impact Analysis  	  65
               Interspecies correlations  	  65
               Upwind-downwind comparison 	  67
               Other studies	74
               Conclusions	76

References	79

Appendices
     A.   Point source inventory  	  80
     B.   Micro inventory	83
     C.   Filter analysis results 	 200
     D.   Summaries of synoptic weather conditions on sampling days  .  .  . 273
     E.   Chemical analytical methods 	 278

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                                   FIGURES

Number                                                                   Page
   1    Monitor site locations 	   2

   2    One-mile radius sectors for describing location of particulate
          sources and predominant land use classification  	   7

   3    Average composition of particulates at 20 hi-vol sites as
          determined from preliminary screening (n = 55)	17

   4    Comparison of particulate composition on days with high and low
          concentrations and on summer and winter days as determined
          from preliminary screening 	  18

   5   'Composition of particulates on selected filters from 19 sites
          (n - 37)	19

   6    Comparison of particulate composition on days with high and low
          concentrations and on summer and winter days as determined
          from selected filters from 19 sites	20

   7    Point source emission density map  	  33

   8    Average TSP concentrations during quasi-valleywide violation
          days	36

   9a   Wind direction roses for selected days at East Liverpool
          (Fire Station)	42

   9b   Point source summary - East Liverpool Fire Station 	  43

  lOa   Wind direction roses for selected days at East Liverpool
          (City Hall)	44

  lOb   Point source summary - East Liverpool City Hall	45

  11    Comparison of wind directions at Wellsburg when the concentra-
          tion at the Fire Station in East Liverpool exceeds that at
          the City Hall with those when the concentration gradient
          is reversed	46

  12a   Wind direction roses for selected days at Wellsville	48

  12b   Point source summary - Wellsville  	  49

                                      v

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                             FIGURES (continued)

Number                                                                   Page

  13a   Wind direction roses for selected days as Weirton	   50

  13b   Point source summary - Weirton  	   51

  I4a   Wind direction roses for selected days at Steubenville
          (Jefferson County Building) 	   52

  14b   Point source summary - Steubenville, Jefferson County
          Building	   52

  15a   Wind direction roses for selected days at Steubenville
          (Court House) 	   55

  15b   Point source summary - Steubenville Court House 	   56

  16    Comparison of wind directions at Steubenville on days when the
          concentration at the Jefferson County Building exceeds that
          at the Court House with those when the concentration gradient
          is reversed	   57

  17a   Wind direction roses for selected days at Follensbee  	   58

  17b   Point source summary - Follansbee .	   59

  I8a   Wind direction roses for selected days at Mingo Junction  ...   60

  I8b   Point source summary - Mingo Junction 	   61

  19a   Wind direction roses for selected days at Clarington  	   63

  I9b   Point source summary - Clarington 	 ....   64

  20    24-hour TSP concentration - March 21	   75

  21    24-hour TSP concentration - March 26	   77
                                     vi

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Number
1
2
3
4

5a
5b
6
7
8
9

10
11
12
13

14
15

16

17

TABLES

1978 Total Suspended Particulate Concentrations 	
Particulate Emission Factors 	
Microinventory Source Impact Computations 	
Actual and Allowable Point Source Impacts Using Pace
Equation 	
Filter Selection 	
Filter Selection 	
Variation in Composition Data Obtained from 37 Filters ....
Particle Size Distribution 	

Cumulative Size Distributions of Coal, Fly Ash, and Soot
Particles 	
Chemical Composition, Data from 20 Sites 	
Organics Composition Data 	
Chemical Composition Data from 26 Filters 	
Comparison of Sulfate Concentrations Determined by Two
Laboratories 	
Frequency Distribution of Number of Site Violators 	
Number of Violations and Average Concentration at Each Site
by Violation Category 	
Combined Wind Direction Frequency Distribution and Average
Wind Speed for Valleywide Violation Days 	
Combined Wind Direction Frequency Distribution and Average
Wind Speed for Quasi-Valleywide Violation Days 	

Page
3
8
10

12
14
16
21
22
23

23
25
26
27

28
32

34

37

38
vii

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                             TABLES (continued)

Number                                                                   Page

  18    Frequency Distribution of Wind Direction, Average Wind Speed
          and Site Exceedances on Isolated Violation Days	   39

  19    Number of Exceedances Per Site on Isolated Violation Days ...   41

  20    Correlation Coefficients and Mean Percentage   	   66

  21    Correlation Matrix of Optical and Chemical Analysis  	   68

  22    Source Category Impacts  	   78
                                    Vlll

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                               ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
     GCA would like to acknowledge the support provided by John Paskevicz and
Jim Phillips of EPA Region V and Bill Belanger of EPA Region III,  as  well as
the state and local agencies responsible for air quality in the valley.   The
microscopic analysis was performed by Susan Bianchetti under the direction of
Dr. Charles Spooner of GCA and the chemical analyses  by Mary Kozik under the
direction of Dr. Kenneth McGregor.  Gary Hunt provides the summary of organics
concentrations.
                                      IX

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                              EXECUTIVE  SUMMARY
     The Steubenville-Weirton-Wheeling AQCR includes a heavily industrialized
section of the Ohio River.   Numerous steel mills, coal-fired power plants,
and other industrial sources, many of which emit significant quantities of
particulate, line the river; the hills that form the valley extend about 500
feet above river level.

     This combination of high regional particulate emission plus the poor
ventilation normally observed in a valley result in an area with a strong
potential to exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for
particulate matter.  These standards, which are designed to protect the public
health, state that the annual concentration should not exceed 75 yg/m  and
that a daily concentration of 260 yg/m3 can only be exceeded once per year.
Secondary standards set up to protect the public welfare are 150 yg/m3 as a
24-hour average, to be exceeded only once per year, and a 60 yg/m  annual
guideline which is to be used for assessment of attainment of the short-term
standard.

     Review of the 1978 air quality data recorded at sites throughout the
region indicates that most sites exceed the annual primary standard and that
several sites exceed the 24-hour standard.  Only East Rochester, which is
not located within the valley, was in attainment of all standards.

     The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of nonattainmentj
in particular, identifying particular sources or source classes that contribute
significantly to high observed concentrations.

     Throughout the study, reference is made to three general classes of emis-
sions, i.e., point source emissions, fugitive emissions and fugitive dust
emissions.  Point source emission include gaseous and particulate emissions
which are emitted through a primary exhaust system, such as a stack, flue, or
control system.  An example of this type of emission is the exhaust gases from
a coal combustion boiler.  Fugitive emissions include both gaseous and partic-
ulate emissions that result from industrial related operations and which escape
to the atmosphere through windows, doors, vents, etc., but not through a pri-
mary exhaust system.  Fugitive emissions may result from metallurgical furnace
operations, materials handling, transfer and storage operations, and other
industrial processes where emissions escape to the atmosphere.  Fugitive dust
emissions, on the other hand, are generally related to natural or man-associated
dusts (particulate only) that become airborne due to the forces of wind, man's
activity, or both.  Fugitive dust emissions may include windblown particulate
matter from unpaved dirt roads, tilled farm lands, exposed surface areas at
construction sites, etc.  Natural dusts that become airborne during dust storms
are also included as fugitive dusts.

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SUMMARY OF TASKS

     The project was divided into five separate tasks; these were:

     •    Point Source Inventory Collection

     •    Site-Specific Microinventory Development

     •    Chemical and Microscopic Analysis of Hi-Vol Filters

     •    Meteorological Data Analysis

     •    Source-Receptor Impact Analysis

     The point source inventory was based upon data supplied by the States
representative of calendar year 1977.  As the base year for air quality and
meteorological data is 1978, the inventory was modified to reflect the closing
of three facilities during 1977.  No further effort was made to reflect 1978
emissions.  In general, it was found that the majority of point sources in
the valley were out of compliance with emissions regulations, often by a
factor of 2 or more.  This is true for sources both in Ohio and West Virginia.
Review of compliance schedule for the major emitters indicates all should meet
point source emissions standards by the end of 1982.  In performing this study,
a range of emissions bounded by actual and allowable levels was used to evalu-
ate the potential impact of point sources.

     These inventories summarize only point source emissions and do not address
the fugitive and fugitive dust emissions from facilities in the valley.  These
latter emissions are generally uninventoried and uncontrolled.  Determination
of the impact of these emissions so that the effect of regulations can be eval-
uated is one of the goals of the present study.

     Microinventories were developed for 20 monitor sites in the valley.  This
involved performing a detailed survey within a 1-mile radius of each monitor.
Sources of combustion and fugitive emissions were inventoried.  An empirical
model which can be used to compute the impact of each source on the monitor
was applied to the 20 monitors.  The results of this procedure indicated that
the model was apparently not applicable to an industrialized, rural area.  The
model had been developed using data from urban areas.  The point source sub-
model of this procedure, however, which is based on a distance-weighed rollback
model, was used to estimate the impact on TSP levels of noncompliance with
emissions regulations.  The results indicated that a 60 to 95 percent reduction
in point source impacts would result if all sources were in compliance.

     Chemical and microscopic analysis of about 80 hi-vol filters exposed
during 1978 was carried out.  Microscopically, particles were sized and
categorized by phase.  The principal phases observed were flyash, coal frag-
ments, soot, iron oxides, minerals, and biologicals.  The concentration of
various ions and elements was determined using chemical analytical techniques.
Data are provided as to the concentrations of arsenic, iron, lead, mercury,
vanadium, nitrates, sulfates, chlorides, ammonium, and polycyclic organic
matter found on the hi-vol filters.  This information is not available for
all filters due to sample unavailability and resource limitations.
                                       XI

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     A meteorological analysis was performed for a total of 30 days during
1978 on which at least one monitor exceeded 150 pg/m3.   These days were cate-
gorized into valleywide, quasi-valleywide, and isolated cases depending upon
the number of monitors exceeding the standard.  Differences in regional wind
patterns were studied on violation days versus nonviolation days in an
attempt to  identify sources potentially producing high concentrations.

     As a final task, the chemical, microscopic, meteorological, and emissions
data were applied to a series of monitors which were selected using two cri-
teria.  One was that the concentration difference between adjacent monitors
be great and the second, that the wind direction be well defined.  A total
of seven such cases were analyzed.

     These case studies generally resulted in one or several facilities in
the valley being identified as the cause of high concentrations.  When possible,
this was confirmed using simple diffusion modeling techniques.  In several
instances, however, no obvious source could be identified and it was concluded
either that the tests used did not detect the critical difference between
filters, that an error may have occurred in originally determining the mass
of particulate on the filter, or that the particulate on the filter had been
physically lost or chemically changed during storage.

CONCLUSIONS

     The results of the microscopic and chemical analyses indicated the follow-
ing average breakdown of particulate type on a filter:

                           SOURCE CATEGORY IMPACT

                                Concentration
                                (± Std. Dev.)
              Category             (yg/m3)           Source type
Minerals
Coal fragments
Iron oxide
Flyash
Soot
Sulfates and nitrates3
Otherb
30
21
8
22
10
15
6
(±6.9)
(±6.4)
(±5.5)
(±4.6)
(±3.2)
(±9.7)
(Fugitive emissions
(Fugitive dust
Fugitive emissions
(Fugitive emissions
(Point source emissions
Point source emissions
Point source emissions
(Point source emissions
(Transport
          Total                  112
         Adjusted for SQ^ concentration in flyash.

         Includes biologicals, glass, burned wood, and tire rubber.
                                      xii

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     This tally is based on the filter samples used in the upwind-downwind
analyses and, thus, do not necessarily represent the average condition.
However, the variance in the estimates among the various filters was not
great, giving credence for the use of these numbers to generalize.  The
standard deviation in measured TSP values is 62 yg/m3, indicating that a
wide range of concentrations are included in the estimate.

     The estimated combustion and process source impact (i.e., emissions from
stacks) range from 32 yg/m3 to about 40 yg/m3.  Most of the iron oxide is
assumed to be process emission due to its small size.  Mobile sources are
estimated to account for only about 3.4 yg/m3 of this total based on average
lead concentrations on the filter of 0.3 yg/m3.  Control of point source
emissions (i.e., those from well-defined stacks) down to the allowable level
will result in a 50 to 95 percent reduction in emissions; this will result in
a reduction of about 22 to 27 yg/m3 in average TSP concentrations.  Hence,
control of point source emissions alone is not expected to be adequate for
attainment of the primary annual standard at all sites.

     Attainment of the annual standard will require implementation of regula-
tions controlling fugitive dust and fugitive emissions throughout the valley.
Much of the "Minerals" category is composed of fine-grained calcite, some
portion of which results from industrial processes such as limestone crushing.
Coal fragments emitted during pulverizing or entrained from coal piles also
represent a significant portion of total particulates observed on the filters.
Control of fugitive emissions in these categories will be required to attain
the annual standard.

     The individual day analyses, however, consistently indicated that exceed-
ance of the secondary 24-hour standard is often caused by the impact of a par-
ticular source or sources on a monitor.  In the case studies, the sources which
apparently caused short-term standards violations included:

     •    Ohio Edison Sammis Plant/Stratton

     •    Weirton Steel/Weirton

     •    Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel/Mingo Jet.

     •    Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel/Yorkville
     •    Koppers Co./Follansbee
     •    Ohio Ferro-Alloy/Clarington

     Reduction of the emissions from these sources to the allowable levels
would often have resulted in the 24-hour secondary standard not being exceeded.
This list should not  be considered complete due to the limited number of
filters studied.   It  is very likely that further analysis would identify other
sources as contributing significantly to short-term standards violations.

RECOMMENDATIONS

     The following actions  are recommended based on the results of this
study:


                                     xiii

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•    Regulations should be developed for the control of fugitive
     emissions from industrial sources.

•    Regulations should be developed for control of fugitive
     emissions from coal piles and for the prevention of coal
     pile fires.

•    All point sources should be brought into compliance with
     existing emission limitations.

•    Procedures used by local agencies to determine TSP and
     component concentrations should be audited.
                                xiv

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                                  SECTION  1

                                 INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE OF STUDY

     The Steubenville-Weirton-Wheeling AQCR includes a heavily industrialized
section of the Ohio River.  Numerous steel mills, coal-fired power plants,
and other industrial sources, many of which emit significant quantities of
particulate, line the river; the mountains that form the valley extend about
500 feet above river level.

     This combination of high regional particulate emission plus the poor
ventilation normally observed in a valley result in an area with a strong
potential to exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for
particulate matter.  These standards, which are designed to protect the public
health, state that the annual concentration should not exceed 75 yg/m3 and
that a daily concentration of 260 yg/m3 can only be exceeded once per year.
Secondary standards set up to protect the public welfare are 150 yg/m3 as a
24-hour average, to be exceeded only once per year, and a 60 yg/m  annual
guideline which is to be used for assessment of attainment of the short-term
standard.                                                (

     Review of the 1978 air quality data recorded at sites throughout the
region, those presented in Figure 1, indicate that most sites exceed the
annual primary standard and that several sites exceed the 24-hour standard.
These data are presented in Table 1.  Only East Rochester, which is not located
within the valley, was in attainment of all standards.

     The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of nonattainment,
in particular, identifying particular sources or source classes that contribute
significantly to high observed concentrations.

     Collection and analysis of data has involved completion of five tasks.
Included is the development of microinventories around 20 monitor sites,
performance of chemical and microscopic analysis on selected filters, review
of meteorological data, and, finally, summarization of all information into
source-receptor relationships.

DATA BASE

     Hourly meteorological data for 1978 were collected both from the
National Weather Service and from local agency monitors.  Data collected at
the Greater Pittsburgh Airport were used for all parameters other than winds.

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               SALEM

       COLUMBI  AN A
  EAST  •
PALESTINE
       EAST
        •ROCHESTER
                       •LISBON
                                EAST
                             LIVERPOOL
               I
               [JEFFERSON   L
                NEW CUMBERLAND'S
                          TORONTO^   2
                   RICHMOND
        o
                    MINOO JUNCTION
                  WELLSBURO
              MARTINS FERRY

 ST. CLAIRSVILLE •
                              268-28
Figure  1.   Monitor  site locations.

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TABLE 1.  1978 TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICIPATE CONCENTRATIONS
Site
New Manchester
New Cumberland
Weirton
Follensbee
Wellsburg
Moundsville
East Liverpool Fire
East Liverpool CH
Wellsville
Toronto
Steubenville- Jefferson
Steubenville CH
Mingo Jet
Brilliant
Tiltonsville
Martins Ferry
Shadyside
Powhattan Pt.
Clarington
Hannibal
Salem CH
Wheeling
Lisbon
East Palestine
East Rochester
Richmond
St. Clairsville
Annual
(yg/ma)
86
72
96
95
82
76
106
88
94
_*
94
109
131
75
77
76
80
97
83
61
93
77
67
64
50
70
59
Second highest
24-hour
(yg/m3)
196
193
208
194
211
168
279
177
269
211
336
279
309
168
152
173
152
253
360
206
289
148
152
149
119
217
151
*Site moved in mid-year.

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This includes mixing heights, temperature, and the factors used in determining
stability class.  Wind speed and direction data were available on a sporatic
basis from sites in Steubenville, Wellsburg, Weirton, and Wheeling.  The
Wellsburg data were most often available and were typically used to charact-
erize valley flow.

     Ambient particulate data were supplied from the EPA SAROAD system.
Filters used for chemical and microscopic analysis were supplied by the
responsible local agencies, North Ohio Valley Air Authority and the Northern
Panhandle Regional Office of the West Virginia Air Pollution Control Commission.

     The emissions data used in the analysis are described in Section 2.

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                                  SECTION 2

                            INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT
     The first step in categorizing the relative impact of sources an an area
such as the Ohio River Valley is to develop an accurate inventory of emis-
sions.  For particulates, this includes categorizing both emissions resulting
from fuel combustion and process sources which are emitted through stacks and
also fugitive emissions.  Throughout the study, reference is made to three
general classes of emissions, i.e., point source emissions, fugitive emissions
and fugitive dust emissions.  Point source emissions include gaseous and par-
ticulate emissions which are emitted through a primary exhaust system, such
as a stack, flue, or control system.  An example of this type of emission is
the exhaust gases from a coal combustion boiler.  "Fugitive emissions include
both gaseous and particulate emissions that result from industrial related
operations and which escape to the atmosphere through windows, doors, vents,
etc., but not through a primary exhaust system.  Fugitive emissions may result
from metallurgical furnace operations, materials handling, transfer and stor-
age operations, and other industrial processes where emissions escape to the
atmosphere.  Fugitive dust emissions, on the other hand, are generally related
to natural or man-associated dusts (particulate only) that become airborne due
to the forces of wind, man's activity, or both.  Fugitive dust emissions may
include windblown particulate matter from unpaved dirt roads, tilled farm
lands, exposed surface areas at construction sites, etc.  Natural dusts that
become airborne during dust storms are also included as fugitive dusts."1

     This section describes the attempts made at compiling an accurate inventory
of point sources plus the results of a field program designed to assess the
impact of fugitive emissions at each monitor in the valley.

POINT SOURCE INVENTORY

     Inventories of all facilities in the study area with emissions greater
than 25 tons/year were supplied in hard copy form.  Ohio, through EPA Region V,
provided the 1975 NEDS point source inventory to serve as the basis for the
study; the W. Virginia agency supplied a listing of 1977 actual and allowable
emissions by source.  The latter data did not include stack parameters or
control information.  GCA also requested that particle size and composition
data from stacks be supplied; however, it was indicated that this type of data
were unavailable.

     Initial review of these data indicated that a number of the NEDS sources
were assigned incorrect site coordinates.   These were corrected using a map
supplied by W.  Virginia APCC.  Late in the project, it was also learned that
Ohio EPA maintained two in-house inventories in which they placed much more

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reliance than the NEDS data.   These data were the Ohio Emissions Inventory
System (EIS) records for 1977 and a set of hand calculated worksheets represent-
ing 1975 baseline.  Comparison of these data sets revealed substantial dif-
ferences, often on the order of thousands of tons/year, in the estimates of
annual emissions.  A preliminary review of the data sets indicated that dif-
ferences in fuel use and assumed control efficiency accounted for most of the
discrepancies.

     Through discussions with OEPA engineers, it was determined that the actual
emission rates specified in each inventory were appropriate for the period
represented.  The allowable emissions in the EIS system were determined to be
in error.  It was mutually agreed with OEPA that the actual emissions listed
in the EIS be used in the present study.  The allowable emissions for each
source were re-calculated using the hand calculated sheets as a basis and cor-
recting for changes in throughput and control efficiency.

     Appendix A presents a list of each major facility in the study area and
specifies location data plus actual and allowable emissions.  These data are
assumed to represent the year 1977.  Three sources which closed before 1978,
the base year for this study from the standpoint of air quality data, were
deleted from the inventory.  These were:

     •    Ohio Power Co. Tidd Plant (August 1976)

     •    Federal Paperboard (August 1977)
     •    Ohio Ferro Alloy (Jefferson County Plant) (August 1977)

MICROINVENTORY METHODOLOGY

     Microinventories were developed for 20 monitor sites located throughout
the study area where TSP concentrations exceeded the NAAQS.  These sites were
selected because they were judged to be representative of sites experiencing
all of the various particulate problems common to the area.  Some sites were
selected because they were close to industrial point sources, while other sites
were chosen because they were located near large sources of fugitive dust.

Site Survey

     The first step in developing microinventories was to conduct detailed site
surveys of each of the 20 selected monitor sites.  Using aerial photographs as
a guide, the GCA project team surveyed the area within a 1-mile radius of each
monitor site.  The 1-mile radius was broken down into sectors as shown in
Figure 2 in order to summarize the locations of particulate sources.  Outstand-
ing features  of each site were noted, such as the site classification (resi-
dential, commerical, and industrial), type and height of structure, supporting
monitor, distance of monitor from roadway, description of major local surround-
ings, and major local sources.  Sources of fugitive dust in each sector and the
size of these sources was also recorded.  The fugitive dust sources observed
frequently  included unpaved parking lots, cleared areas, railroad yards and un-
paved storage areas.  In addition, vehicle miles traveled (VMT) data for major
roadways was obtained from local planning agencies.  These data were needed to
estimate the amount of entrained dust from roadways.

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                              C
                              L
''2
                                        Scalt In milts
                                                      268-29
Figure 2.  One-mile radius  sectors  for  describing location of
           particulate  sources  and  predominant land use
           classification.

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     Emissions from fuel-burning area sources located within a 1-mile radius
of each site were also determined.   The States of Ohio and West Virginia each
provided estimates of emissions from residential and commercial sources burning
natural gas, coal and oil for each county.  The number of houses in each county
and the portion of houses burning each fuel type were used to estimate the emis-
sions per house.  The same distribution of fuel use was assumed for each site,
and the number of houses at each site or site sector counted using aerial photo-
graphs.  Multiplying the number of houses in each sector by the emissions rate
for each fuel type provided estimates of emissions from residential and commer-
cial structures for each sector.  Estimates of industrial emissions by sector
were gathered from NEDS data and the state.

Emissions Calculation

     The data from the site surveys were then summarized into the format devel-
oped by T.G. Pace, as shown in Appendix B.  Once the activity rate for each
fugitive source had been identified for each sector the emission factors were
applied.  The emission factors selected were those used in a recent study of
TSP in the Pittsburgh area.2  Since the study area is so close to Pittsburgh,
the climatological and soil characteristics which determine fugitive emissions,
were assumed to be identical.  Table 2 shows the fugitive emission factors
applied to the source activity rates identified through the site survey.

                    TABLE 2.   PARTICULATE EMISSION FACTORS
                    Source category
Emission
 factor
Units
                Railroad yards

                Reentrained dust

                 Clean paved streets

                 Commercial streets
                 Exhaus t

                Unpaved roads
                Cleared or exposed areas
                Construction
                Agriculture

                Aggregate storage

                Slag piles
                Unpaved parking lots
                Unpaved storage areas

                Coal storage
  0.03    ton/ac/yr
2.6
11.3
0.6
2.3
0.02
0.21
0.02
1.4
0.5
1.1
0.1
0.97
g/VMT
g/VMT
g/VMT
Ib/VMT
ton/ac/yr
ton/ac/mo
ton/ac/yr
ton/ac/yr
ton/ac/yr
Ib/VMT
ton/ac/yr
ton/ac/yr

-------
 RKStJT.TS

     The Pace  equation was used  to predict  the  area,  local  and  point  source
 impacts at  each of  the 20 monitor sites.  The Area  Source Summaries  comprise
 the area source component of  the Pace  equation.   The  local  source  component
 is based on estimates of emissions generated by traffic  on  roadways within 200
 ft of  the monitor.  The point  source component  is emissions from point  sources
 within a 10-mile  radius of the monitor.   Table  3 presents a summary of  area,
 local, and  point  source impacts  at each monitor site  as  derived using the
 following equation:

                   AVGAQ = 0.00451  (AREA)  +  0.00096  (POINT)

                          +50.5 (LOCAL)

 where

     AVGAQ  = Annual geometric  mean (yg/m3)

               AI    jr    A2+A3+A4+A5
       ARFA  =
             __    - _  -- _
             0.0324 HGT       0.16         0.6084

             The constants 0.0324, 0.16 and 0.6084 are the square of
             the radius in miles to the area weighted center of the
             annular ring defined by the sectors in the numerator.

        A  = Total area source emissions in sector i, tons/yr

       HGT = Height of sampler, ft

              n  PSEM.
     POINT = J]  - - (WWF)
             1=1  D±2


         n = Number of point sources within 10 miles (16 kilometers)

     PSEM. = Emissions from point source i, ton/yr

        D^^ = Distance to point source i, mile
             (lower limit of D. Is 0.5)

       WWF = Wind weighting factor, computed as annual wind direction
             frequency of occurrence (percent) in quadrant where source
             is located,  divided by 25.

LOCAL =   lnADTl   +   lnADT2
                 !2   A/HGT2+DIS22

-------
            TABLE 3.  MICROINVENTORY SOURCE IMPACT COMPUTATIONS

OHIO
East Liverpool Fire
East Liverpool City Hall
Wellsville
Toronto
Steubenville (Adams)
Steubenville (Courthouse)
Mingo Junction
Brilliant
Tiltonsville
Martins Ferry
Shadyside
Powhattan Point
Clarington
Hannibal
WEST VIRGINIA
New Manchester
New Cumberland
Weirton
Follansbee
Wellsburg
Moundsville
Area
(yg/m3)

0.38
0.65
1.17
0.52
0.55
0.44
0.93
0.61
0.68
1.48
1.20
0.54
0.13
0.32

0.13
0.24
0.62
2.17
0.80
0.97
Point
(yg/m3)

0.70
1.42
2.21
6.00
8.20
9.31
12.3
54.7
4.5
0.95
1.16
12.91
0.88
0.18

10.97
10.54
8.00
25.38
4.79
35.07
Local
(yg/m3)

8.37
3.78
4.36
3.88
11.26
8.45
10.51
1.98
15.05
15.12
12.50
4.13
8.50
2.62

5.82
6.20
3.18
2.01
2.90
5.60
Total 1978 Observed
(yg/m3) (yg/m3)

9.45
5.85
7.74
10.4
20.01
18.20
23.74
57.29
20.23
17.55
14.86
17.58
9.51
3.12

16.92
16.98
11.80
29.56
8.49
41.64

106
90
94
*
94
109
131
75
77
76
80
97
83
61

86
72
96
95
82
76
Site moved in mid-year.
                                     10

-------
  ADT.  = Average  daily  traffic  on  nearby  road  1,  veh/day

  DIS.  = Distance to  road  i,  ft
     1    (upper limit of DIS.  is  200  ft)


     The wind direction factors,  WWF, were computed using Pittsburgh data
and are
 i

                     Source bearing  (deg)       WWF

                        315.1 -   45.0          0.726

                         45.1 - 135.0          0.731

                        135.1 - 225.0          0.846

                        225.1 - 315.0          1.693

     A correlation analysis between the predicted total particulate concentration
plus each of the components (area, point, and local) indicated no significant
agreement.  An obvious outlier, the Brilliant site which is dominated by several
major power plants, was removed from the analysis but no significant improvement
was gained.

     The conclusion of this analysis is that the Pace equation, which was em-
pirically developed using urban data, can not realistically be used in a rural,
industrial area which is apparently dominated both by tall stacks (stack height
is not a factor in the Pace equation) and by fugitive process and storage pile
emissions.

     With this conclusion in mind, an attempt can be made to assess the impact
of noncompliance of point sources on ambient particulate levels.  Table 4
presents estimates of particulate concentrations, based upon Pace's extremely
simple point source model, for actual emission rates and allowable emission
rates.*  Used in this manner, the values in Table 4 provide an estimate of the
percent reduction in the point source component which would result if all
sources operated at the allowable level.   The reductions range from 0 to over
90 percent for the various monitors.
 When allowable was greater than actual, the source was assumed to be emitting
 at the actual level.

                                     11

-------
TABLE 4.  ACTUAL AND ALLOWABLE POINT SOURCE IMPACTS USING PACE EQUATION
Predicted actual
point source impact
(yg/m3)
OHIO
East Liverpool Fire Station
East Liverpool City Hall
Wellsville
Toronto
Steubenville (Adams)
Steubenville (Courthouse)
Mingo Junction
Brilliant
Tiltonsville
Martins Ferry
Shadyside
Powhattan Point
Clarington
Hannibal
WEST VIRGINIA
New Manchester
New Cumberland
Weirton
Follansbee
Wellsburg
Moundsville

0.70
1.42
2.21
6.00
8.20
9.31
12.3
54.7
4.5
0.95
1.16
12.91
0.88
0.18

10.97
10.54
8.00
25.38
4.79
35.07
Predicted allowable
point source impact Percent
(yg/m3) reduction

0.11
0.40
0.26
1.37
3.70
4.31
5.60
4.13
0.19
0.17
0.10
1.73
0.41
0.18

1.00
1.20
3.16
5.98
0.77
2.57

84
72
88
77
55
54
54
92
96
82
91
87
53
0

91
89
61
76
84
93
                                  12

-------
                                   SECTION 3

                             MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS
     The analysis of selected hi-vol filters by optical microscopy was carried
out in several steps.  First, an overview of particle types present within the
valley was obtained by subjecting 55 filters, distributed among the 20 valley
sites and 6 sampling days, to preliminary screening.  Using the results obtained
from this analysis, EPA selected a subset of 20 filters for more detailed analy-
sis.  Then later in the program, two additional sets of filters were analyzed.
The first of these sets comprised 10 filters drawn from unanalyzed filters in
the initial set of 55; these 10 were selected from three days with quite well-
defined airflow within the valley.  The second set comprised 27 filters distribu-
ted broadly throughout the year and were selected to allow upwind-downwind
analysis.

     Table 5a provides the monitor location, exposure date and TSP concentration
for each filter in the initial set.  In this table the 20 filters subjected to
detailed analysis are indicated by asterisks and the filters in the additional
set of 10 are indicated by daggers.  Table 5b gives this information for the
last set containing the 27 filters.

     Chemical analyses were also conducted on the 20 filters indicated by aster-
isks in Table 5a and on 26 of the filters listed in Table 5b.  This section of
the report describes the methodology and the results of the microscopic work;
Section 4 describes the chemical analysis.

METHODOLOGY

     Characterization of phases present on the filters was performed by polarized
light microscopy.  The analysis was carried on a piece of filter approximately
10 mm x 10 mm mounted on a glass slide and covered with an immersion oil and
cover slip.  The polarized light microscope is suited to the determination of
crystalline phases present on these filters, although the analysis is hampered
somewhat by the fine grained nature of the particulate on the filters.  Broadly
speaking, the filters contained combustion products, mineral matter, and
biological debris.  Much of the combustion material is more or less opaque so
that inference as to the identity of this material is based largely on shape and
optical properties such as refractive index and possibly birefringence (i.e.,
whether the particle is crystalline or not).  A wide variety of combustion
products could be identified and include unburned coal fragments, coal fly ash,
soot, glassy fly ash (incineration products) and semiopaque glass.  Mineral
phases present were easily identified despite their small size.
                                       13

-------
            TABLE  5a.   FILTER SELECTION
          Site
3/21  4/26  5/26  6/1   6/7   12/28
       Concentration (ug/m3)
West Virginia
  New Manchester
  New Cumberland
  Weirton
  Follansbee
  Wellsburg
  Moundsville
Ohio
  E. Liverpool,  F.S.
  E. Liverpool,  C.H.
  Wellsville
  Toronto
  Steubenville,  Adams  St.
  Steubenville,  C.H.
  Mingo Junction
  Brilliant
  Tiltonsville
  Martins Ferry
  Shadyside
  Powhattan Point
  Glarington
  Hannibal
  76    67   104
138f  115*  182
134*  140t  246
165*  1301"  216
       84   169*
                         84*   52
                  194    83    68
                  173f   97*    76
                  128    136
                  132    113    102*
                  141f   181*
141f  1771"  309*
 70    94   152*
 69   121   125
148t  103   545*
                  236     98   115
                  203f   108   147*
                  146f   61   113*
                  287    96    98
                                                     39     61
                                            Date
                                                                                       TABLE 5b.    FILTER  SELECTION
                                                                   Site  and Concentration (pg/m3)
1/2/80      Brilliant (43), Tiltonsville (152), Martins Ferry (36)
1/14/80     Weirton (152), Follansbee (73)
2/7/80      Steubenville, C.H. (178), Mingo Junction (57)
2/8/80      Steubenville, Adams St. (49)
4/2/80      E. Liverpool, F.S. (75), E.  Liverpool,  C.H. (52),
            Powhattan Pt. (180),  Clarington (68)
4/8/80      New Manchester (38),  New Cumberland (169),
            Weirton (208), Toronto (155)
4/9/80      Steubenville, Adams St. (106)
4/26/80     New Manchester (67),  Follansbee (75), Steuben-
            ville,  C.H.  (81),  Brilliant  (95)
7/25/80     Shadyside  (72),  Powhattan Pt.  (179), Clarington  (35)
9/11/80     Wellsville (269)
9/17/80     E. Liverpool, C.H.  (175),  Wellsville (93)
 Filter  selected  for  detailed analysis by EPA.
 Filter  included  in  additional set of 10.

-------
     For more positive identification of questionable particles, scanning
electron microscopy was used.  In particular, it was relied upon to investigate
submicron particles and fume from the Clarington and Brilliant sites after
large amounts of silica dust had been found on one filter from the Clarington
site.

     Identification of particles was initially made on a volume basis.  These
values were then converted to a weight basis using assumed densities for each
class of particle.  The densities used in this analysis are based on McCrone3
and are :

                              Particle Density

                    Particle Class        Density (g/cc)

                  Iron oxide                   5.6
                  Minerals                     2.6
                  Combustion products          2.2
                  Biologicals                  1.0

     The conversion to weight percent was accomplished using the formula
                                W  -
                                wi ~ zd
where

     W. = weight percent for phase i

     d. = density of phase i

     V. = volume percent for phase i

     j  = summation index over all phases

     Particle size distributions were determined on selected filters in varying
amounts of detail using an image shearing eyepiece.  With each of the 20 selected
filters, fields of observation were randomly selected and particles that were
found directly beneath the intersection of the eyepiece crosshairs were sized
and counted.  This procedure was performed until 300 particles had been cate-
gorized.  No distinction was made among phases.  With each filter in the set
of 10, cumulative frequency distributions were obtained for three phases of com-
bustion-related particles:  coal fragments, fly ash and soot.  With the set of
27 filters, the size range of each of the principal phases was specified.

RESULTS

     This section summarizes general characteristics of particulates as deter-
mined from the various sets of filters that were analyzed.  More detailed
discussions describing the phases found on individual filters are provided in
Section 6 where source-receptor relationships are investigated.

                                      15

-------
Relative Concentrations of Major Phases

     The average composition of the particulates have been summarized in terms
of four components:   iron oxide; other combustion products including fly ash,
coal fragments and soot; minerals;  and biological products such as pollen,
spores and stellate hairs.  Summaries have been prepared from two basic data
sets.  One set is made up of the preliminary screening results of the initial
55 filters; the other set contains  the results from the last two groups of
filters that were analyzed in somewhat greater detail (i.e., one group of 10
filters and one group of 27 filters) .  The summary information for each of
these two major data sets is presented in two figures.  The first of each set
of two shows the average composition at each monitoring site.  At the left  of
the second figure, the average composition of particulate on days when the
concentration exceeded the secondary standard of 150 yg/m3 is compared with the
average concentration found on days when the concentration was less than the
standard; at the right, the average concentrations on summer and winter days
are compared.  Figures 3 and 4 summarize the analyses of the 55 filters that
underwent preliminary screening and Figures 5 and 6 summarize the more detailed
analysis of the 37 filters.

     Before commmenting upon the results, it should be mentioned that the varia-
tion found from filter to filter was frequently large.  This variation is due
in part to the nature of the analytical procedure itself and in part to real
variations among the filters.  This particular program was not designed to
separate the two effects but other  studies have indicated large differences in
results obtained by different analysts and by different laboratories.2  Some
idea of the total variation experienced can be gained from Table 6 which pre-
sents averages and standard deviations for the data obtained from the set of
37 filters.

                   TABLE 6.  VARIATION IN COMPOSITION DATA
                             OBTAINED FROM 37 FILTERS
Iron oxide
Mean percent 6.2
Median percent 5
Standard 6.0
deviation
Other combustion
products
58.5
59
9.9

Minerals
25.6
26
11.5

Biological
products
9.2
3
14.0

     Of the four components, the concentration of "other combustion products"
is the most consistent from site to site, and the concentration of "biological
products" is the most variable.

     Several general conclusions can be drawn from the summary figures.  First,
the average composition of particulates is fairly constant throughout the valley,
throughout the year, and for concentrations above or below the secondary stan-
dard.  Second, roughly 65 percent of the particulates are the result of primary
metals processing and other year-round combustion related activity.  This may
be compared with a U.S. composite average of about 25 percent reported from a

                                     16

-------
                                           MINERALS
100
         OTHER COMBUSTION
              PRODUCTS
                                                                     .26:



CO
u:

o
VERPO
_i
ui



X
l
DYSIDI
<
X
en





UJ
i
NOSVII
3
O
X




H
a.
z
HATTA
>
O
a.






z
t-
t»
z
te

u
      Figure 3.  Average composition of particulates at 20 hi-vol sites
                 as determined from preliminary screening (n = 55).
                                   17

-------
                 IRON  OXIDE
                 OTHER
                 COMBUSTION
                 PRODUCTS
                                           MINERALS
B10LOGICALS
       100
       20
                                        100
                       56  <
                                        20 C
                                              10
                                            (E N

                                            **
                                            2 _
                                            3 v
                                            to to
                                            n=l9
                                                        69
WINTER
12/28
Figure 4.   Comparison of particulate composition  on days with high
           and low concentrations and on summer and winter days as
           determined from preliminary screening.
                                18

-------
           IRON  OXIDE
          OTHER COMBUSTION
               PRODUCTS
MINERALS
BIOLOGICALS
  lOOi
     tin iff* ret «*< nrri Ufa irfi tr»»ti nnn
                                                         9  19
   801
   60
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        % 4
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o

LJ
2
Ul
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   40
   20
                                 «;*;— g.
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h.'

IE. LIVERPOOL
I
u

IE. LIVERPOOL



hi
hi
K
hi
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(NEW MANCHE
a
X
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a
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U
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X



TORONTO



X
O
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c
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ISTEUBENVILL
X
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m
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AVERAOE
           Figure 5.  Composition of particulates on selected
                     filters from 19 sites  (n = 37).
                                  19

-------
      100
        20
                 IRON  OXIDE
                 OTHER
                 COMBUSTION
                 PRODUCTS
           111
           :' 24 .'•
           -•-•_«?»•. . .*,
             65
                           RUBBER
  MINERALS
   BIOLOGICALS
         RUBBER
                        It
100
 20
      14
                 57 ^
             in
             A
                        O
                        in"
                       n=25
                                             ce A
     CO  .

       «0
                                              n*IO
                                                         n«20
Figure 6.   Comparison  of particulate composition on days with high
           and  low concentrations and on summer and winter days  as
           determined  from selected filters from 19 sites.
                                20

-------
study of filters in 14 cities.4  Third, minerals make up about one-quarter of
the particulates by weight.  This is in contrast to the U.S. composite average
of 65 percent.   And fourth, although it can not be deduced from the averages
presented in these figures, the role played by biologicals ranges from insigni-
ficant to dominant.  Among the filters analyzed, estimates of the contribution
by weight percent of the biologicals ranged from 0 to 65 percent.  The median
contribution by biologicals, however, is 3 percent by weight, indicating that
a few high values significantly skewed the mean towards the high end.

Particle Size Distribution

     Table 7 presents particle size distributions determined from the set of
20 selected filters.  Mass median diameters, taken from this table, have been
rearranged in Table 8 to display any obvious differences between location
along the valley, or sampling date, and mass median diameter.  None are apparent.
The data from the 20 sites have therefore been combined to provide an estimate
of the average mass median diameter for the 20 samples.  This average, 61 ym,
reflects the extreme influence of a relatively small number of large particles.
It should also be borne in mind that a large number of the particles less than
about 1 ym is diameter are not included in the distribution due to limitations
in optical microscopy.

     The average cumulative size distributions for coal fragments, fly ash, and
soot determined from the set of 10 filters are shown in Table 9.  Of the
particles sized on each sample, the largest were consistently coal fragments.

     The particle size range estimates obtained from the analysis of 27 filters
provide interesting information with regard to the mineral fraction.  This
component was dominated by fine calcite particles ranging in size from about
1 ym to an upper limit of 20 ym.
                                      21

-------
TABLE 7.   PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
ID
3414
3416
3419
3423
3426
3432
3430
3644
3b47
3648
3651
3654
3656
3661
3664
3665
3670
3673
3676
3678
Site
Moundsville
Wellsburg
Follansbee
Weir ton
New Cumberland
Steuber.ville (Adams)
New Manchester
Brilliant
Clarington
E. Liverpool CH
E. Liverpool FS
Hannibal
Steubenvllle (CH)
Martins Ferry
Mingo Jet
Powhattan Pt
Shadyside
liltgnsville
Toronto
Wellsville
„ r Concentratic
6/7/78
3/21/78
6/1/78
4/26/78
6/7/78
6/7/73
5/26/78
12/28/78
5/26/78
6/1/78
3/21/78
6/7/78
6/1/78
12/28/78
5/26/78
6/1/78
5/26/78
5/26/78
12/28/78
5/26/78
97
134
194
115
84
181
104
147
545
128
165
39
236
113
309
287
125
152
102
169

5tV
1.0 -
47
36.
41.
53
42
49.
48
32
<*.
46.
48.
70
55.
59.
51
32.
34
44.
46.
37.
Size range (percent of total)
:.5

7
7


7


3
6
3

7
3

7

7
7
7
2.6 - 5.0
17
21.6
15
17. 3
17
23
11
13.3
16.7
6.3
14,3
9
2.3
13
11.7
21.7
12.7
17.3
18.7
16.0
5.1 - 10.0
2. "
13.3
21.7
12
19
12 . 7
16. -
12
11
15.7
3.7
4.3
7.3
9.3
8
9.3
28.7
9
14.7
18
10.1 - 15.0
P-
3
6.7
8.3
5
8. •
~ "3
13
6.7
it. 7
9.3
7
6
8.3
5.3
9.7
11
7.3
5.3
13
12.7
15.1 - 40.0
27
18.3
6.7
3. ~
3
7. 3
i:
29.3
y
20.7
26.7
6.3
24.7
10.7
17.3
23.3
16
23.3
3.7
15.7
> 40.1
3.3
3.4
6.6
7
5.3
2
0.3
6.7
<4 . 3
1.3
0
4.3
1.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
1.3
0.3
3.7
0
Mass
median
diaraeter
(yu)
80
95
>100
90
85
45
25
^100
90
60
21
45
31
45
45
50
100
30
50
35

-------
TABLE 8.  FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF MASS MEDIAN DIAMETERS
Mass median
diameter Frequency Site
(ym)
0-9 0
10-19 0
20-29 2 E. Liverpool (F.S.), New Manchester
30-39 3 Wellsville, Steubenville (Adams
Jeff) , Tiltonsville
40-49 4 Steubenville (Adams) , Mingo Junc-
tion, Martins Ferry, Hannibal
50-59 2 Toronto, Powhattan Ft.
60-69 1 E. Liverpool (C.H.)
70-79 0
80-89 2 New Cumberland, Monndsville
90-99 3 Weirton, Wellsburg, Clarington
Date


3/2, 5/26
5/26, 6/1, 5/26
6/7, 5/26,
12/28, 6/7
12/28, 6/1
6/1

6/7, 6/7
6/1, 5/26,
12/28
TABLE 9. CUMULATIVE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS OF COAL,
FLY ASH, AND SOOT PARTICLES
Particle size (vim)
3 5 10 15 20 25
50
Percent (less than)
Coal 60 70 80 88 92 96
Fly ash 77 85 94 98 99.7 100
Soot 61 69 82 89 94 98
99.6
100
100
                            23

-------
                                  SECTION 4

                              CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
     Chemical analysis was performed on a total of 46 filters to determine the
concentration of various metals, ions, and organics composing the particulate.
These 46 filters comprised the subset of 20 selected for detailed analysis from
the original set of 55, plus 26 filters from the additional set of 27.  The
20 filters were analyzed for arsenic, iron, lead, mercury, vanadium, and organ-
ics; and when sufficient filter was provided, for nitrate, sulfate, choride,
and ammonium.  The 26 filters were analyzed for arsenic, iron, sulfate, and
nitrate.  The selection of these filters is described in Section 3.

METHODOLOGY

     To perform all of the analyses, approximately three-quarters of the hi-vol
filter was required.  The Ohio EPA was able to provide only one-half.  Since
the Ohio agency routinely analyzes for sulfates on selected filters, it was
decided to omit the ion analysis of the 14 Ohio filters in the set of 20.
State data, when available, are reported.  All analyses were performed for this
set of W. Virginia filters.

     Appendix E describes the methodology and quality assurance techniques used
in performing these analyses.

RESULTS

     Tables 10 and 11 present, respectively, the results of the metal and ion
and organics analyses of the 20 filters.  Ohio's method of selecting filters
for analysis was to analyze the first three filters collected each month.  Most
of the days selected for intensive analysis in the present study fell at the
end of the month.  Hence, sulfate data are available from only 6 of the 14
Ohio filters listed in Table 10.  Table 12 presents the results for the set of
26 filters.

     Review of the metals data indicates that lead levels are quite low; none
of the 24-hour observations exceed 50 percent of the 1.5 yg/m3 quarterly average
ambient standard.  This indicates that major sources of lead, most notably the
automobile, are not significant contributors in the valley.  Vanadium levels
also are low; this is appropriate for an area not heavily dependent upon residual
oil for energy.  Comparison of the arsenic and iron data with those recorded in
various urban areas of the East indicates these data to be slightly elevated.
                                       24

-------
                          TABLE 10.   CHEMICAL  COMPOSITION,  DATA FROM 20  FILTERS
t_n
ID
3414
3416
3419
3423
3426
3430
3432
3644
3647
3648
3651
3654
3656
3661
3664
3665
3670
3673
3676
3678
Site
Mound sville
Wellsburg
Follansbee
Weirton
New Cumberland
New Manchester
Steubenville (Adams)
Brilliant
Clarington
E. Liverpool CH
E. Liverpool FS
Hannibal
Steubenville (C.H.)
Martins Ferry
Mingo Jet
Powhattan PT
Shadyside
Tiltonsville
Toronto
Wellsville
Date
6/7/78
3/21/78
6/1/78
4/26/78
6/7/78
5/26/78
6/7/78
12/28/78
5/26/78
6/1/78
3/21/78
6/7/78
6/1/78
12/28/78
5/26/78
6/1/78
5/26/78
5/26/78
12/28/78
5/26/78
Total
Concentration
97
134
194
115
84
104
181
147
545
128
165
39
236
113
309
287
125
152
102
169
Ion and Elemental Concentrations
Arsenic
(yg/m3)
0.0066
0.0489
0.053
0.0187
0.0165
0.0069
0.0083
0.0200
0.0176
0.0082
0.0111
0.0044
0.0368
0.0136
0.0493
0.0173
0.0129
0.0153
0.0049
0.0166
Iron
(yg/m3)
1.31
1.72
9.07
6.53
1.85
1.70
1.03
0.98
1.91
1.10
2.71
0.03
7.61
1.72
9.36
2.15
1.61
1.92
0.52
1.83
Lead
(yg/m3)
0.185
0.144
0.420
0.248
0.212
0.191
0.343
0.235
0.411
0.397
0.271
0.064
0.590
0.707
0.093
0.159
0.492
0.281
0.221
0.388
Mercury
(yg/m3)
0.0073
0.023
0.0027
0.0052
0.0015
0.011
0.010
0.0015
0.008
0.0075
0.0015
0.0151
0.0014
0.0017
0.0075
0.0006
0.0036
0.0030
0.0074
0.0021
Vanad ium
(Vg/m3)
0.0067
0.0121
0.0131
0.021
0.012
0.0076
0.008
0.0025
0.0085
0.0086
0.0079
0.0040
0.0119
0.0045
0.0149
0.0081
0.0079
0.0056
0.0026
0.0054
Nitrate Sulfate Chloride
(yg/m3) (yg/m3) (yg/m3)
2.05 14.67 0.579
4.78 7.23 3.94
5.77 15.66 0.950
2.18 6.97 -
2.67 16.11 0.668
1.87 15.02
12.8
- NP+ -
NPt
- 19.9 -
Npt
14.8*
- 21.3 -
NP1"
NPf -
- 89. 9^ -
Npt
NP+
- 20.8 -
NP+
Ammonium
(yg/m3)
0.96
0.11
1.23
-
0.51
-
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
—
-
-
—
-
        Regional Average
        NP Sample not processed
       ^Clarington data

-------
                                         TABLE 11.   ORGANICS  COMPOSITION DATA
Filter
I.D.
3414
3416
3419
3423
3426
3430
3432
3644
3647
3648
3651
3654
3656
3661
3664
3665
3670
3673
3676
3678
Site
Moundsville
Wellsburg '
Follansbee
Weirton
New Cumberland
New Manchester
Steubenville (Adams-)
Brilliant
Clarington
E. Liverpool CH
E. Liverpool FS
Hannibal
Steubenville CH
Martins Ferry
Mingo Junction
Powhattan Ft.
Shadyside
Tiltonsville
Toronto
Wellsville
Date
6/7/78
3/21/78
6/1/78
4/26/78
6/7/78
5/26/78
6/7/78
12/28/78
5/26/78
6/1/78
3/21/78
6/7/78
6/1/78
12/28/78
5/26/78
6/1/78
5/26/78
5/26/78
12/28/78
5/26/78
Anthra-
cene
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Fluoran-
thene/
Pyrene
ND
ND
ND
3.48
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Benzantha-
cene/
Chrysene/
Tr iphenylene
0.425
0.111
0.742
0.435
0 .130
0 .777
0. 083
0. 979
0.426
0 .329
0.493
0 .087
1. 14
1 .09
3 .49
0.984
0. 290
0.638
0.421
0.138
'Benzo(K) „ , . . 1,2,3,4
,, Benzo(a)pyrene/ . ' ' '
fluoran- Benzo(e) dibenzan-
thene " thracene
0.425
0.082
0.610
0.279
0.393
0.777
0.090
1.10
0.264
0.212
0.320
0.041
1.33
0. 907
4 .99
0.749
0.311
0.460
0.273
0.244
0
0
0
0,
0
1
0
1.
0
0
0
0
1.
1.
6.
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
.463
.111
.907
.331
.550
.13
.638
, 49
.135
.226
.369
.032
97
45
.24
,043
.352
638
315
288
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
7,12-di-
methyl-
benzan-
thracene
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1,2,5,6-
dibenz-
anthracene
1.16
0.044
1.15
0.740
1.53
1.84
0.169
2.51
0.441
0.411
1.67
0.044
3.04
3.17
14.4
1.83
0.476
0.830
0.999
0.421
Benzo(ghi)
perylene Total
2.47
0.311
1.98
1.22
3.30
2.12
0.488
1.53
0.646
0.959
2.03
0.087
4.31
6.53
15.0
2.44
1.29
2.55
1.74
0.886
4.49
0.66
5.39
6.48
5.90
6.65
1.47
7.61
1.91
2.14
4.88
0.29
11.79
13.15
44.12
6.43
2.72
5.12
3.75
1.98
ND = Not Detectable.  All concentrations in nanograms per cubic meter.  No adjustment made for blank filter levels.

-------
TABLE 12.  CHEMICAL COMPOSITION DATA FROM 26 FILTERS
Site
E. Liverpool FS
E. Liverpool CH
E. Liverpool CH
Wellsville
Wellsville
New Manchester
New Manchester
New Cumberland
Toronto
Weirton
Steubenville Adams
Steubenville Adams
Steubenville CH
Steubenville CH
Follansbee
Follansbee
Mingo Junction
Brilliant
Brilliant
Tiltonsville
Martins Ferry
Shadyside
Powhattan Pt.
Powhattan Pt.
Clarington
Clarington
Filter
I.D.
6411
6409
6410
6427
6428
6419
3429
6418
6426
6430
6423
6424
6414
6415
6412
6413
6417
6405
6406
6425
6416
6422
6420
6421
6407
6408
Date
4/2/78
4/2/78
9/17/78
9/11/78
9/17/78
4/8/78
4/26/78
4/8/78
4/8/78
4/8/78
2/8/78
4/9/78
2/7/78
4/26/78
1/14/78
4/26/78
2/7/78
1/2/78
4/26/78
1/2/78
1/2/78
7/25/78
4/2/78
7/25/78
4/2/78
7/25/78
Total
75
52
175
269
93
38
67
169
155
208
49
106
178
81
73
75
57
. 43
95
152
36
72
180
179
68
35
Concentration (pg/m^)
Arsenic
0.02
0.07
0.04
0.03
0.06
0.05
0.005
0.07
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.08
0.03
0.10
-
0.08
0.12
0.04
0.04
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.10
0.28
0.03
0.02
Iron
1.20
0.90
1.39
3.43
1.10
0.80
1.36
2.20
1.70
5.60
0.43
2.83
2.70
1.98
-
1.88
0.70
0.71
1.92
2.22
0.44
1.20
3.78
1.12
1.05
0.66
Sulfate
7.5
6.7
24.6
34.3
25.8
4.4
5.2
6.5
6.5
10.4
9.0
8.6
44.5
9.6
12.0
6.4
13.0
9.9
7.2
21.4
9.6
17.4
10.8
23.0
8.0
12.0
Nitrate
1.45
1.74
2.50
2.50
3.10
1.92
2.44
0.50
3.05
1.52
3.67
2.4
1.70
6.00
1.48
2.52
0.77
1.81
3.68
3.66
1.74
3.78
3.42
1.52
2.40
3.54
                         27

-------
     Sulfate concentrations, however, are quite high when compared to the East.
This confirms the results of other studies that this general area experiences
some of the highest sulfate levels observed in the country.  As will be dis-
cussed in a later section, some isolated pockets of high sulfate concentrations
were apparent.  In Table 10 the value of 89.9 yg/m3 measured at Clarington is
considerably higher than other values recorded on that day.  The TSP level at
Powhattan and Clarington are also elevated above those in the vicinity.

     Nitrate concentrations ranged from 0.11 to 6.0 yg/m3 and averaged 2.3 pg/m3,
These values are in agreement with values reported throughout most of the East
but are somewhat lower than those typically found in urban areas from Chicago
eastward through the industrial areas to Philadelphia.

     Three filters were analyzed for sulfates by both the Ohio and GCA labora-
tories.  In two cases GCA concentrations were greater than those found by Ohio;
in the third case, the Ohio concentration was approximately twice that of GCA.
The results are presented in Table 13.

                TABLE 13.  COMPARISON OF SULFATE CONCENTRATIONS
                           DETERMINED BY TWO LABORATORIES
Site
Brilliant
Clarington
East Liverpool, C.H.
Filter
I.D.
6405
6407
6409
S
Date -
1/2/78
4/2/78
4/2/78
ulfate concentration (yg/m3)
Ohio EPA
3.8
5.9
13.8
GCA
9.9
8.0
6.7
SIGNIFICANCE OF ORGANICS

Introduction

     Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs, POMs, PAHs) are ubiquitously
distributed in the environment.  While a number of potential sources for these
materials have been cited, the consensus of the scientific community is that
combustion of fossil fuels is the primary source.5  In addition, the majority
of PNAs are associated with particulate emissions from such sources, owing to
their condensation on particulate surfaces as they leave the flue gas.

     The characterization of PNA emission has often included quantitative
measurements of a single species, namely benzo(a)pyrene.  As a result of its
proven carcinogenicity and prevalence in ambient particulate samples B(a)P
is routinely used as an indicator of both potential mutagenic activity and the
presence of additional polynuclear aromatic materials.
                                       28

-------
     While B(a)P does serve a role in the identification of PNA sources, more
useful data can be derived from a characterization of individual PNA species.
Such data have often been implemented in identifying potential sources of poly-
nuclear aromatic materials.  The absence or presence of certain PNA homologues
can be instrumental in isolating the PNA source(s).  For instance, PNA mixtures
from petroleum oil sources, e.g., oil spills typically contain a variety of
alkyl homologues and lack unsubstituted species.6  Also, within a group of
combustion source types further distinguishing characteristics can be present.
A distinct correlation has been demonstrated between concentration of B(a)P and
 coronene  in  regions of high  traffic  density, for  instance.7   In fact, concentra-
tion of the non-carcinogen coronene correlates well with urban traffic density.8
Such correlations are useful in assigning sources of polynuclear aromatic
materials in areas of high industrial activity.  By observation of PNA distribu-
tions as affected by meterological conditions, seasonal variations, and type of
industrial activity, one can predict the influence of industrial emission sources
in a particular region.

Results

     The majority of available data on PNA concentrations in and around the coke
and steel industry deals specifically with ambient concentration of benzo(a)-
pyrene absorbed on suspended particulate matter.  Some discussion of this data
as well as some background data on B(a)P concentrations in non-industrial areas
would enhance the interpretation of the analytical data presented here.

     Typically, ambient B(a)P concentrations in urban industrial atmospheres
are highest in the winter months owing to the increased input of domestic
combustion sources. »° As the majority of our data was collected during the
summer months when fossil fuel combustion for heat is lowest, we might conclude
that the PNA concentration are apt to be minimum concentrations for this
region, and would predominantly reflect the input of PVA-producing industrial
processes.

     B(a)P concentrations for a non-industrial, non-urban area such as the
Grand Canyon in Arizona ranged from >0.1 - 0.2 ng/m3 for the calendar period
1967-1974.   Similar data is recorded for Acadia National Park in Maine where
concentrations range from 0.1 - 0.3 ng/m3 for the same calendar period,

     A sharp contrast to these data,  however,  are typical PNA concentrations for
ambient air samples taken in urban industrial areas, particularly in the vicinity
of steel and coking operations.   Broddin12 reports background values of  10 ng/m3
for total benzopyrenes  collected in the vicinity of two coking oven emission
source in Belgium.   Total benzopyrenes  near the source itself were in the order of
470 ng/m .  Likewise,  data collected  by Von Lehmden13 reports total benzopyrene
of 12.7 ng/m3 near steel and coke oven emission sources.   Both of these studies
were conducted during the spring and  summer months when PNA concentrations are
typically lower.   The samples were collected 1/4 to 1-1/2 miles from an urban
area containing coke manufacturing sources.   By comparison typical B(a)P con-
centrations range from 0.38 - 2.7611  ng/m3 for  the calendar period 1966-1975.
For the same period the report had given typical B(a)P values for cities with
coking operations in the range of 1.21  - 5.34 ng/m3.11


                                      29

-------
     As a result of these findings, our data is best interpreted by concentrating
on the total benzopyrene numbers, as no additional information specific to coking
oven operations can be derived from the entire PNA distribution pattern.  The
total benzopyrene numbers observed at the Hannibal and Powhattan Ft. stations
very closely approximate B(a)P numbers for the background non-urban areas cited
earlier.  As we proceed northward along the Ohio River basin, the total benzo-
pyrene numbers increase significantly above these levels but still do not concur
with typical values cited for ambient air in the proximity of coking oven opera-
tions.  Our numbers range from 0.032 to 1.97 ng/m3 with the exception of the
6.29 ng/m3 value reported for the Mingo Junction station.  Only this latter value
approximates typical values for coke oven regions.  The majority of our data
approximates expected values for typical U.S. urban areas.  In fact, two of the
higher concentrations were collected during the winter months when PNA values
are characteristically higher than equivalent samples collected during warm
weather periods.  This includes the value of 1.45 pg/m3 reported for Martins
Ferry and 1.49 pg/m3 reported for the Brilliant Station.  For this reason their
two data points are not really approximate to their discussion.

     In closing, it would be appropriate to conclude that PNA concentrations at
all of the stations studied were significantly higher than typical background
stations such as Hannibal.  The marked increase in total benzopyrene concentra-
tions and total PNAs in proceeding upriver can be attributable to the increased
industrial activity.

     However, to state that the prevalence of coking and steel operations was
the sole contributing factor would be merely conjecture.  If they were the
sole industrial sources in the entire region then perhaps such a statement
would be appropriate.  However, since the power industries, prevalent in this
region, are also a potential source of PNA emission, additional data points
would be necessary to differentiate between the two emission sources
                                       30

-------
                                  SECTION 5

                      AIR QUALITY - EMISSIONS ANALYSIS


     Under this task, meteorological and annual emissions data were examined
on 30 days during 1978 when at least one of the 20 valley monitors exceeded
the secondary standard in an attempt to identify obvious source-receptor re-
lationships .  These 30 days included the 6 days from which filters were selected
for analysis, as described in Section 3.

METHODOLOGY

     The distribution of TSP within the valley on the 30 selected days was
examined and the days separated into three categories:  valleywide violation
days, quasi-valleywide violation days, and spatially-isolated violation days.
It was expected that only isolated violation days would prove to be helpful
in the identification of source-receptor relationships, but for completeness
meteorological conditions prevailing during the other two violation categories
were also reviewed and summarized.

     Meteorological data available for use in the analysis comprised the
following:  wind direction at Weirton, Wellsburg, Steubenville, Wheeling, and
Pittsburgh, as available; morning and afternoon mixing layer heights and wind-
speeds at Pittsburgh; and synoptic weather maps.  Daily TSP concentration maps
and summaries of the meteorological data were submitted in Monthly Progress
Reports No. 6 and No. 7, respectively.  The most complete sets of wind data
within the valley were obtained from the Wellsburg and Steubenville sites.  As
shown later, the wind direction at the two sites was not consistent and the
Wellsburg data were selected as being the more representative of the general
airflow within the valley.  Appendix D provides a brief description of the
synoptic weather pattern experienced each day.

     Examination of the wind data on these selected days reveals that wind
direction typically is quite variable both along the valley and at the in-
dividual monitoring sites.  In addition, winds measured within the valley will
only occasionally be representative of the air stream into which emissions
from major power plants are ejected.  Thus, the use of 24-hour TSP observations
for the development of source-receptor relationships has severe limitations; as
a consequence, results will be qualitative in nature and should be considered
as supportive evidence only.

    Table 14 is a frequency distribution of the number of sites experiencing
concentrations greater than 150 yg/m  on the 30 days.  It can be seen from
this distribution that the selected days fall into three groups.  On 17 days
                                      31

-------
four or fewer sites had concentrations greater than 150 yg/m3.  These have
been designated isolated violation days, and have been selected for detailed
study.  At the other extreme are the three valleywide violation days on which
14 of the 20 monitoring sites exceeded 150 yg/m3.  In between is the group of
10 days referred to as quasi-valleywide violation days on which the number of
violation sites ranged from 6 to 11.

                    TABLE 14.  FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF
                               NUMBER OF SITE VIOLATIONS
                  Number of sites
                    > 150 yg/m3
      Frequency of
       occurrence
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
11 \ Isolated
1 I violation
5 ( days
- )
-
i)
3 V Quasi-valleywide
2 / violation days
1 1
2 y
-
-
3 | Valleywide violation
- ( days
                     Total
30
RESULTS
Overview

     For a detailed account of emissions in the vicinity of each of the 20
valley monitors, reference should be made to Appendix A of this report.  In
this section, the analysis will consist principally of identifying those point
sources which are judged to be upwind of monitors experiencing an exceedance
of the secondary standard on isolated violation days.

     Before proceeding to the detailed analysis, it is helpful to get an over-
view of the major centers of point source emissions within the study area.
Figure 7 presents this information in the form of an emission density map
with 2.5 km by 2.5 km grid squares.  This map shows that the principal concen-
tration of emissions is contained along the valley roughly from Brilliant to
Weirton, with a second source to the west of New Manchester.  A third major
region of emissions lies to the south near the junction of Belmont, Monroe,
and Marshall counties.

     Table 15 summarizes the air quality data for each of the three violation
categories identified in Table 14.  For convenience, the sites have been listed
from north to south in Table 15.  It can be seen from this table that there is
                                      32

-------
Figure 7.  Point source emission density map.  Emissions are in
           ton/yr/km2 averaged over 2.5 *• 2.5 km grid squares.
           Unidentified points are approximate location of monitors.

                              33

-------
TABLE 15.  NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS AND AVERAGE CONCENTRATION AT EACH SITE BY VIOLATION CATEGORY
Violation category
Isolated
Site
East Liverpool (Fire Station)
East Liverpool (City Hall)
Wellsville
New Manchester
New Cumberland
Toronto
Weir ton
Steubenville (Jeff. Co. Bldg.)
Steubenville (Court House)
Follansbee
Mingo Junction
Wellsburg
Brilliant
Tiltonsvllle
Martins Ferry
Shadyside
Moundsville
Powhattan Point
Clarington
Hannibal
Average Concentration (yg/m3)
N
17
16
17
15
16
11
16
17
17
16
17
14
17
17
16
17
13
15
17
16

Number
>150 yg/m3
3
3
2
0
0
0
1
3
2
2
8
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0

Average
concentration
(yg/m3)
106
116
90
68
71
67
94
97
106
99
140
95
84
86
75
92
86
89
83
63
90
N
10
8
10
10
9
8
10
10
9
8
9
9
10
10
10
10
9
10
9
10

Quasi-valleywide
Number
>150 yg/m3
9
2
9
3
1
6
7
6
8
4
9
4
2
0
0
0
1
7
6
2

Average
concentration
(yg/m3)
200
124
190
132
131
175
160
174
205
143
188
148
118
113
107
103
99
175
208
124
151
N
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
3
1
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3

Valleywide
Number
>150 yg/m3
3
2
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
3
1
2
2
3
1
0
1
3
2

Average
concentration
(yg/m3)
232
157
222
195
204
312
225
314
320
218
284
246
157
129
166
140
140
172
305
200
217






















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a rough correspondence between the centers of point-source emissions shown in
Figure 7 and air quality.  Each of the violation categories will be examined
in some detail in the discussion which follows.

Valleywide Violation Days

     May 26th, August 24th, and November 4th were the three days classified
as valleywide violation days.  On these days unusually high TSP concentrations
were experienced not only within the valley itself, but also at sites outside
of the valley to the west.  On each of the 3 days, the study area experienced
synoptic weather conditions conducive to light variable winds and no signifi-
cant precipitation.  On May 26th, a high pressure center remained over the
area throughout the day; on August 24th, a high pressure cell dominated the
southeastern part of the United States; and on November 4th, a high pressure
ridge extended southwestward over the study area.  Also, on May 26th and
August 24th morning mixing heights were exceptionally low, being 95 and 88
meters, respectively.  Thus, weather conditions were favorable for the accu-
mulation and intermingling of pollutants within the valley air mass on each of
the 3 days.  Under these conditions, it is difficult, if not impossible, to
attribute site violations to individual source contributions.  However, in
moving southward along the valley from the Steubenville-Weirton-Follansbee
area, concentrations drop significantly and then rise near the southern end
of the study area (see Table 15) indicating an impact from a new set of sources,

     Table 16 shows combined wind direction frequency distributions for the
3 days at Wellsburg and Steubenville within the valley and Pittsburgh 30 miles
to the east.  There is rough similarity between the distributions for Wells-
burg and Pittsburgh, with each showing a minimum of easterly winds and a maxi-
mum of northerly winds.  The difference between the secondary maximum of
southerly winds at Wellsburg and the secondary maximum of southeasterly winds
at Pittsburgh may be a result of channeling at the Wellsburg site.  In con-
trast, the distribution for Steubenville is flatter, with all directions
represented, but with a maximum of east and east-southeast winds.

Quasi-valleywide Violation Days

     The 10 days on which violations occurred at from 6 to 11 sites were:

          9 March    1 June    13 July    18 August       11 October

         20 May      7 July    19 July     5 September    10 November

The average concentrations observed at each site during this 10-day period
have been taken from Table 15 and plotted in Figure 8.  Of note is the approx-
imate agreement between the areas with high point-source emissions and high
average concentrations (see Figure 7).  Also of interest is the relatively
low concentration observed at the City Hall in East Liverpool in comparison
with the high concentration observed at the Fire Station in East Liverpool.
The difference in monitor heights (City Hall,  65 ft; Fire Station, 18 ft),
the close proximity of East Pennsylvania Avenue to the Fire Station, and the
high frequency of southerly winds suggest a greater impact of fugitive dust
at the Fire Station.

                                      35

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                                              km
Figure 8.  Average TSP concentrations during quasi-valleywide violation
           days.   Dashed lines enclose approximate areas with average
           concentrations > 150 yg/m3.

                                  36

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           TABLE 16.   COMBINED WIND DIRECTION FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
                      AND AVERAGE WIND SPEED FOR VALLEYWIDE VIOLATION
                      DAYS
Direction
(deg)
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
360
Total
Average
speed
(mph)
Wellsburg
(percent)
6.3
0
0
0
7.9
11.1
4.8
6.3
17.5
6.3
11.1
28.6
99.9
-
Pittsburgh
(percent)
4.8
0
0
4.8
9.5
0
0
9.5
19.0
4.8
19.0
28.6
100.0
6.0
Steubenville
(percent)
4.2
4.2
15.3
18.1
9.7
6.9
11.1
5.6
8.3
4.2
2.8
9.7
100.1
2.3
     Table 17 presents the combined wind direction frequency distributions for
these 10 days.  At Wellsburg, the maximum frequency is from the south, with a
secondary maximum from the north.  At Steubenville, maximum frequencies are
from the southeast.  The Pittsburgh distribution is roughly intermediate between
the other two, but in contrast to Wellsburg, no winds from 320 to 10 degrees
were observed.

Isolated Violation Days

     Table 18 presents the available wind data from Wellsburg, Steubenville,
and Pittsburgh for the 17 days designated as isolated violation days.  Emissions
and meteorological data for these days have been reviewed in an attempt to
identify source-receptor relationships.  The procedure followed for each of the
sites experiencing an exceedance was to superimpose composite wind direction
frequency roses for the days when exceedances occurred upon the point source
emission fields out to a distance of approximately 5 miles.  Point sources
upwind from the monitors could then be identified.  Additionally, for comparison
                                       37

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purposes, wind direction roses were prepared for the nonviolation days at each
site.  In preparing the wind roses, the wind direction data from the Wellsburg
site were used.  The figure for each site contains two parts.  Part a presents
the wind roses and point source emissions out to about 5 miles; part b identi-
fies these sources and includes additional sources to a distance of 10 miles.
Table 19 summarizes the number of exceedances experienced by each of the 12
sites.

          TABLE 17.  COMBINED WIND DIRECTION FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
                     AND AVERAGE WIND SPEED FOR QUASI-VALLEYWIDE
                     VIOLATION DAYS

            Direction      Wellsburg     Steubenville   Pittsburgh
              (deg)        (percent)       (percent)     (percent)
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
360
Total
Average
speed
(mph)
3.3
0.9
0
2.3
12.7
28.6
15.5
11.3
6.1
2.8
5.6
10.8
99.9

4,2
4.6
9.6
25.4
23.7
9.6
6.7
4.6
1.2
5.4
1.7
3.3
100.0
2,8
4.7
1.6
1.6
7.8
26.6
12.5
14.1
12.5
9.4
9.4
0
0
100.2
5.9
East Liverpool—
     Because of their proximity, the two sites in East Liverpool will be dis-
cussed together.  Throughout the discussion it should be borne in mind that the
East Side Fire Station hi-vol is located at a height of 18 feet and is approxi-
mately 45 feet from Pennsylvania Avenue, while the monitor at City Hall is at
a height of 65 feet.  Table 19 shows that 6 isolated violation days occurred
at East Liverpool.  Three of these (12 August, 30 August, and 17 September) were
at the City Hall monitor, and three (21 March, 14 April, and 25 July) were at
the Fire Station.  Note that the exceedances occurred on different days at the
two sites.
                                      38

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TABLE 18.  FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS OF WIND DIRECTION, AVERAGE  WIND SPEED
           AND SITE EXCEEDANCES  ON ISOLATED VIOLATION DAYS
Date
Site 30
January 2
Wellsburg
Steubenville
Pittsburgh
January 14
Wellsburg 1
Steubenville
Pittsburgh 1
February 1
Wellsburg 6
Steubenville
Pittsburgh
February 7
Wellsburg
Steubenville
Pittsburgh
February 13
Wellsburg
Steubenville
Pittsburgh 2
February 19
Wellsburg 11
Steubenville
Pittsburg 1
March 21
Wellsburg
Steubenville
Pittsburg
April 14
Wellsburg
Steubenville
Pittsburg
April 26
Wellsburg 2
Steubenville
Pittsburgh 1
Direction (deg)
tlo
60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 direction3 Total

24 24
1 8 11 4 24
152 8

1 4 18 24
1 1 18 4 24
52 8

36412 2 24
67222 23 24
34 18

i 2 3 17 1 24
12 7 2 3 24
341 8

24 24
31 1 2 5 12 24
6 8

12 343 24
23 2 1952 24
1 111218

25611 9 24
58452 24
23111 8

43 1238 3 24
2433921 24
224 8

22 24
5 11 8 24
51' 18
Average
speed
(mph) Site exceedance

1 Tlltonsville
16.5J shadyside

4 j Weirton
12.4)

)
2 Mingo Junction
6.8 (

|
4 Steubenville (C.H.)
11.9 )

4 [ Mingo Junction
8.9 |

j
2 j Mingo Junction
5.6 )

) E. Liverpool (F.S.)
5 ! Steubenville (JCB)
14.4 ) Follensbee

) E. Liverpool (F.S.)
4 / Follensbee
13.1 ) Mineo Junction

8 J Mingo Junction
12.5 )
                                  (continued)

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                                     TABLE  18 (continued)
Date
Site 30
June 7
Wellsburg 1
Steubenville
Pittsburgh
July 25
Wellsburg
Steubenville
Pittsburgh
July 31
Wellsburg 1
Steubenville
Pittsburgh
August 6
Wellsburg
Steubenville
Pittsburgh 1
August 12
Wellsburg 1
Steubenville 2
Pittsburgh 4
August 30
Wellsburg
Steubenville
Pittsburgh
September 17
Wellsburg
Steubenville
Pittsburgh
December 28
Wellsburg 5
Steubenville
Pittsburgh 1
All days Z
Wellsburg 9.7
Steubenville 0.5
Pittsburgh 8.8
Direction (deg)
60 90 120 150

2 1
1456
2 1 1

4
12 10
1

1 1
2 7 9
1 1


1 7 6
1

1 1 2
1 1 1
1 1


1 2 3
1

1
2 12 7


2
1122
3

1.4 0.7 0.3 7.2
1.8 4.8 14,4 14.9
14.4 3.2 1.6 2.4
180 210 240 270 300

7 9
3 1 2
2 2

9 10
2
1 5

21421
2 4
1112


323
1 1

1 4 2
1 6 5



24135
1 1

14 8
2 1
1 2 1

1 3
2332
1 1 1

15.9 13.4 2.8 4.8 5.5
7.6 12.4 8.8 5.1 13.6
6.4 9.6 11.2 11.2 12.8
Average
	 No speed
330 360 direction3 Total (mph)

1 3 24
2 24 4
8 9.8

1 24
24 3
1 8 5.9

44 3 24
24 2
1 8 6.6

24 24
2 24 1
4 8 6.0

82 2 24
25 24 3
1 1 8 4.0

24 24
21 24 2
11 3 8 4.6

1 24
24 3
4 8 3.7

3 10 24
1 ' 7 24
1 8

17.6 20.7 100.0
8.6 7.6 100.1 3.5
7.2 11.2 100.0 10.1
Site exceedance

Wellsville


Steubenville (JCB)
Mingo Junction

) E. Liverpool (F
Wellsville


.S.)

Steubenville (JCB)

)
Mingo Junction
)


Powhattan PT


E. Liverpool (C
Steubenville (C
Mingo Junction


E. Liverpool (C.


E. Liverpool



Clarington













H.)
H.)



H.)











"Missing data or calm.

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                   TABLE 19.  NUMBER OF EXCEEDANCES PER SITE
                              ON ISOLATED VIOLATION DAYS
Number of exceedances
Site

E. Liverpool (Fire Station)
E. Liverpool (City Hall)
Wellsville
Weirton
Steubenville (Jeff. Co.)
Steubenville (Court House)
Follansbee
Mingo Junction
Tiltonsville
Shadyside
Powhattan PT
Clarington
Number
1
—
2
-
1
-
1
-
5
-
-
1
1
of sites >150 yg/m3
234
3
1
- 2 -
_
3
- 1 -
- 2 -
- 3 -
1 - -
1 - -
_ _ _
- - -
Total

3
3
2
1
3
2
2
8
1
1
1
1
     Figure 9a shows a major difference in the wind direction roses for viola-
tion and nonviolation days, with southerly winds being most frequent on viola-
tion days and northerly winds being most frequent on the remaining days.  The
orientation of Pennsylvania Avenue, shown in the upper part of Figure 9a,
suggests that fugitive dust from vehicular traffic may have been a major source
of particulate on these 3 days.  There are no other obvious upwind sources of
major significance nearby.  Figure 9b identifies the sources.

     Examination of Figure lOa shows that southerly and south-southwesterly
winds also predominated on the 3 violation days at the City Hall.  In this
case, the height of the monitor rules out major contributions from nearby
fugitive dust sources.  Again, there appear to be no very significant upwind
sources nearby.  Examination of Figures lOb and Table 18 shows that the Ohio
Edison Plant (Source No. 10) 6.6 miles to the SSW lies upwind of the City Hall
for much of the time on 30 August and 17 September.  On 12 August, however,
winds along the valley were principally from the northwest quadrant.  The most
likely source shown in the inventory under these circumstances would be the
Homer Laughlin plant about 1-1/4 miles to the west.  It is also likely that
whenever the wind has a significant westerly component local lower-level
emissions are channeled toward the monitor by the river valley and its northern
wall which rises sharply north of the business district.

     Figure 11 was prepared from the 30-day data base in an attempt to use
wind direction to differentiate sources impacting on the two East Liverpool
sites.   All days on which the secondary standard was exceeded at either site
and the difference between the two sites was at least 20 yg/m3 were selected
                                      41

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                                        ORIENTATION OF
                                         PENN. AVE.
                                                        3/21   165
                                                        4/14   205
                                                        7/25   152
                         VIOLATION  DAYS (n =3)
                         OTHER  DAYS  (n = 10)
Figure 9a.  Wind direction roses  for selected  days  at  East  Liverpool
            (Fire Station).   Locations  of major  nearby point  sources
            and their annual emissions  in tons per  year are also
            shown in the upper part of  the figure.
                                42

-------
IN HTST AN^
) l**M
1 1 1 . s y
U' S . (IH
1 i . ^H
i u.uS
( 7. ul
7.01 <
7 . ,' / ,
t M.S'.
Nf-L
[•K,
1 11 .
g .
'J *< .
I/'.
SIH^Cf- ufl. K NAMf-

1 T A YLIiH, SM M M. K I A
r1 UDAKt fv S I AU (lit
i HL1MFM t 6UGHI TN C
'4 bUlHt kf ^ MAC Tim 1
S Tkl-STATF ASMMAL
h IK I-.S1 AH AS^HAL
/ Srtfi^jK K^ AT 1 1 iw 1 F
H IIM Mi i 01 St if" f'i.
Figure 9b.  Point source summary - East Liverpool Fire Station.
                              43

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          172
               116
                  5,6
8/12  204
9/17  175
                          VIOLATION  DAYS (n =2)
                          OTHER  DAYS (n =11 )
Figure lOa.   Wind direction roses for selected days at East Liverpool
             (City Hall).   Locations of major nearby point sources
             and their annual emissions in tons per year are also
             shown in the  upper part of the figure.
                                 44

-------

Ji Y t-^ISSII''J l ) 1 S I A N ( f
( K 1 | ( K •» ( T / Y W ) (Mj)
S W . * ' ) 'J
S S 1 . "• 0 1
S S 4 . 'J U a
SM.'-M -J
s*o.
S *0 .
S^H .
'i ^ i .
SPS .
su .
u a
0 u
i' a
') 'J
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1 M
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41 ..ii
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*S.(
^
t


t


1 r> 7
i.t
Q . !
7 . f
'» . (
/'.l
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'>. I
'i . i
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'i 1 . i S
0 r> . MR
'' 1 .^H
fl P . ?h
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hl,L f- S'HiNfr NtJ. K IsJftMt
Of t. )
^H . 1 1 1 ft VL UN , S^I 1 H. n T
Su . ^ r" LUAKf-h b T A H MI
7^.9 S HOMfH LADliHLIN
S / . 4 0 t.,1 dht Wt f PAT Tilk
PS . 0 S THI-MflTF ASt-"Mfl
0 U.80 f»?S . Si h IHl-Slfilf- 1SPH&
i) s.iis />«s.s / SAfiNKHi-fArnihi
l) 4 ,(HM 1 M / .H H KfitlL Cl A ₯ f H.
U / . H / r> *>\ . \ 4 f . J . MAiX'IMI fit;
(i h.oy ^Od . 1 ID I IH | (1 t !J I SUM f (i.
u 4.4H IM7.S 11 MH I 1 i t- 0 I SON { Ci. /
Figure lOb.   Point source summary - East Liverpool City Hall.
                              45

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                                      CITY  HALL» FIRE STATION
                                              (N = 2)
                                           FIRE STATIONS CITY HALL
                                                  (N = 12)
180
240
                                                     300
360
                   WIND  DIRECTION,  DEGREES
Figure 11,   Comparison of wind directions at Wellsburg when  the
            concentration at the Fire Station in East  Liverpool
            exceeds that at the City Hall with those when  the
            concentration gradient is reversed.

-------
for study.  These days were then grouped according to the site with the higher
concentation, and the wind direction frequency distribution for the two groups
plotted.  The major feature of each distribution is the large proportion of
southerly winds.  Since the inventory shows no sources to the northwest of
either site, no attempt has been made to relate the differences between the
two curves from 240 to 360 degrees to point-source emissions.

Wellsville—
     Figure 12a shows that south and southwesterly winds prevailed on the 2
violation days at Wellsville.  Small upwind sources include the Swank Refrac-
tories (Source No. 7) and Tri-State Asphalt (Source Nos. 5 and 6).  Elevated
concentrations at East Liverpool on both these days suggested contributions
within the valley from the Ohio Edison Plant (Source No. 10).  Figure 12b
identifies the sources.

Weirton—
     As shown in Figure 13a, winds on the 1 isolated violation day at Weirton
were almost entirely from the north and northwest, bracketing the major Weirton
Steel operations which are identified on the WVAPCC-NPRO site map as:  Brown's
Island Coke Battery, Mainland Coke Plant, Boiler House, Sinter Plants, EOF
Plant, and Strip Mill.  Total emissions from upwind sources 1 through 6 plus 8
are approximately 15,000 tons per year.  All of the remaining nearby point
sources are to the south-southwest.  Concentrations at Toronto, New Cumberland
and New Manchester upwind of the Weirton Steel Plants range from 24 to 41 yg/m3
suggesting an impact of the order of 100 yg/m3 from these sources at the Weirton
monitor.  Figure 13b identifies the sources.

Steubenville—
     There were 3 isolated violation days at the Jefferson County Building
(Adams Street) site and two at the Court House, but none of the violation
days were common at the two sites.  Two of the differences between the sites
that may be of significance are a difference in height, and a difference in
topographical setting.  In particular, the terrain rises abruptly immediately
to the west of the Jefferson County Building, the elevation of which is al-
ready 80 feet above that of the Court House.  This results in a blocking of
pollution moving in from the east, and also affects the direction of the wind
at the County Building.  The Court House is approximately 0.36 miles to the
east and its monitor is located 50 feet above street level.

     Examination of Figures 14a and 14b show a line of major point sources
extending southward along the river.  As identified by the WVACC-NPRO site maps,
these are, with increasing distance from the Steubenville monitors:  Weirton
Steel, Steubenville Works; Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel, Steubenville Plant;
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel, Coke Plant, Koppers Company; Wheeling-Pittsburgh
Steel, Sinter Plant; and Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel, Mingo Plant.  The combined
annual emissions from the cluster of sources shown in this small area in
Figures 14a and 14b are approximately 9900 tons per year.  In addition, the
complex of power plants 8 miles to the south emits over 66,000 tons per year
and the Satralloy Plant, located within the Cross Creek Valley to the south-
west emits over 6,000 tons of particulates per year.  The composite wind rose
shown in Figure 14a suggests that a combination of these sources is responsible


                                     47

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                                                        94
                                  55,191
                                       •10
                       VIOLATION  DAYS (n = 2)
                                                        6/7    186
                                                        7/25   167
                        OTHER  DAYS  (n =11 )
Figure 12a.   Wind direction  roses  for  selected days at Wellsville.
             Locations  of major nearby point sources and their
             annual emissions  in tons  per year are also shown in
             the upper  part  of the figure.
                                48

-------
   PUINI SUliKCf SuM




   SI If : h . t
SU. S
s/s. s
s M . i
S Jl.S
s * i. ;

(K
) 'JU^h
i a y  1 . 0
1 b 1 . 0
^ 1 U . 1
I h 1 .*J
<* M . H
1 h 4 ,b
1 hit . 1
1 ^ 1 . *
bCH

1
/
S
y
S
6
/
H
g
ID
1 1
1?
Ki NH. & ^AM^

Tfl VL (iw, s^ i rn, K i
UUAKt k STA tE uT
HUMt- k LAUGHl 1 ^
(.LOHt kf h kAC 1 Uk
Tk I -ST ATt ASMHA
fkl-STATF ASPHA
SIAA^K »( F ACTi if- T
HAUL C 1 AY f u.
^ . J . tjANnn ro.
(1H1 II t Ul .SON f h.
MM tl) F Dl SOisT fit. /
T DkOMfl PAPf kHHA
Figure 12b.   Point source  summary - Wellsville.
                       49

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                        1451
                           24
                                TO 75%
    16
1963  \
   \"»25  13
   .  -22 /  14
                                                       1/14
                     VIOLATION  OWS  (n=2)
                        OTHER  DMS (n =12)

Figure 13a.  Wind direction roses for selected days at Weirton.
             Locations of major nearby point sources and their
             annual emissions in tons per year are also shown
             the upper part of the figure.
                               50

-------
K
1 " •* 1
S S '1 . ^ 1 1
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-------
                                ,4e,
                                  "
              6,213
                     21
3/21
6/7
7/23
186
181
172
                          VIOLATION  DAYS  (n =3)
                        OTHER  DAYS  (n =10)

Figure 14a.   Wind direction  roses  for  selected  days  at  Steubenville
             (Jefferson County Building),   Locations of major nearby
             point sources and their annual emissions in  tons per
             year are also shown in the upper part of the figure.
                                52

-------
   S^ (. in
   S! I. nil
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Af-t f 1 ! tn.-t- 1 1 1 sun
Figure 14b.   Point source summary - Steubenville,
              Jefferson County  Building.
                         53

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for the elevated concentration at the County Building.   On the average, the
concentration was about 30 yg/m3 higher here than at Mingo Junction, implying
a substantial contribution from sources inbetween.

     A second line of point sources is shown in Figures 15a and 15b extending
northward from the Steubenville monitors to the Weirton Steel Complex about
4-1/2 miles away.  The inventory shows one intermediate source, Standard Slag
(Source No. 7).  Additional Sources shown on the West Virginia site map include
Continental Can and Metal Lithograph.  Emissions indicated by this complex of
sources are approximately 15,500 tons per year.  The composite Wellsburg wind
direction rose shown in Figure 15a indicates a prevailing northwesterly wind
during the 2 isolated violation days at the Court House.  It appears likely
that the elevated levels on these days was due to a southerly drift of pollu-
tants from these multiple sources.

     As was done with the East Liverpool sites, concentrations at the two
Steubenville sites were studied to see if differences in wind direction
accounted for the concentration gradient between the two sites.  Again, the
procedure was to select days when at least one site exceeded the secondary
standard and the difference between the two sites was at least 20 yg/m3.  The
days were then grouped according to which site had the higher concentration,
and the composite wind direction frequency distributions for the two groups
plotted.  Figure 16 shows the result.  The two distributions are quite similar,
with each showing a predominance of southeasterly winds.  For this investiga-
tion, winds from the Steubenville site were used instead of from Wellsburg.

     One pair of filters exposed at the Steubenville sites on 7 June was sub-
jected to microscopic analysis during the original screening process.  It is
of interest to note that exceptionally large quantities of biological material,
much of it stellate hairs, were found on the County Building filter.  Observed
concentrations were:  County Building, 181 yg/m3; Court House, 98 yg/m3.

Follansbee—
     The composite wind rose for the 2 violation days  (Figure 17a), shows
numerous upwind sources witnin 4 miles.  Examination of the daily wind records
shows predominantly southerly winds on 21 March, indicating a major contribu-
tion from the Mingo Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Plant.  Concentrations at Bril-
liant and Wellsburg to the south of this source averaged 28 yg/m3 lower than
the concentration at Follansbee.  On 14 April, the wind shifted from southerly
to northwesterly early in the day apparently leading to an impact of perhaps
70 yg/m3 from the immediate upwind sources  (concentrations at the two Steuben-
ville sites averaged 91 yg/m3).  In this case, the principal nearby upwind
sources were the Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Coke and Sinter Plants, and Koppers
Co.  Figure 17b identifies the sources.

Mingo Junction—
     The greatest number of isolated violation days which occurred at any of
the sites was at Mingo Junction (see Table 19).  Wind direction data from
Wellsburg were available for 7 of the 8 days, and the composite wind roses
for violation and nonviolation days are shown in Figure 18a.  On the 7 viola-
tion days, the predominant directions are from the northwest, north, and
northeast.  The Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel and Koppers Co. plants with

                                    54

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             6213
                    21
2/7   178

8/12   154
                         VIOLATION  DAYS  (n =3)
                         OTHER  DAYS (n =10)
Figure 15a.   Wind direction roses  for  selected  days at  Steubenville
             (Court House).   Locations of major nearby  point sources
             and their annual emissions in  tons per year are also
             shown in the upper  part of the figure.
                                55

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         PUINT SOUKCE SUMMARY

         SITt: STfUBtNVILLF CH
                             IITMl  S1P.PU
X

(KM)
510.
535.
515.
S3U.
511.
S31.
510.
511.
529.
533.
SJO.
S43.
513.
531.
533.
SP9.
510.
513.
S13.
510.
S
-------
                                            JEFF. COUNTY BLDG. »  COURT HOUSE
                                                          (N=6)
                                                COURT HOUSE »  JEFF.  COUNTY BLDG
                                                             (N =8)
                                                    240
300
360
                              WIND  DIRECTION,  DEGREES
Figure 16.   Comparison of wind directions at Steubenville on days when the concentration
            at the Jefferson County Building exceeds that at the Court House with  those
            when the concentration gradient is reversed.

-------
                            415.
     6213
                                                               161
                                                       4/14    171
                       VIOLATION  DAYS  (n =2)
                        OTHER DAYS (n =11 )

Figure 17a.   Wind direction  roses  for selected days at Follansbee.
             Locations  of major nearby  point sources and their
             annual emissions  in tons per  year are also shown in
             the upper  part  of the figure.
                               58

-------
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Figure 17b.   Point source summary  - Follansbee.
                         59

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                                 267.
                                                            2/1
                                                            2/19
                                                            4/14
                                                            4/26
                                                            6/7
                                                            7/31
                                                            8/12
183
235
160
177
174
174
182
                 38,007
                                VIOLATION  DAYS (n = 7)
                          OTHER  DAYS  (n = 6 )

Figure 18a.   Wind direction roses for selected  days at Mingo Junction.
             Locations of major nearby point  sources and their annual
             emissions in tons per year are also shown in the upper
             part of the figure.
                                  60

-------
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Figure  18b.   Point  source  summary  - Mingo  Junction.
                                  61

-------
emissions totaling nearly 4900 tons per year lie about 1-1/2 miles in this
direction, and an additional Wheeling-Pittsburgh facility emitting approxi-
mately 2000 tons per year lies roughly 2 miles away to the north-northwest.
Also, the monitor is source specific being located immediately to the west of
a EOF shop and blast furnace facility operated by Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel,
and sheltered by sharply rising terrain immediately to its west.  Emissions
from this Mingo Junction facility (Source No. 23) are listed as 2391 tons per
year in the inventory.  The proximity of the monitor to the Mingo Plant pre-
vents any meaningful separation of the relative impact of these major sources
on these days.  Figure 18b identifies the sources.

     Except for the Cardinal Power Plant located about 5-1/2 miles to the
south-southwest, the point source with the greatest annual emissions is
Satralloy, located within a separate valley roughly 4 miles from the monitor
in a south-southwest direction.

     The composite plot for nonviolation days shows nearly equal weighting
between winds from the north and north-northwest and those from the south
and south-southwest.  A more detailed examination of the wind data in
Table 18, however, shows that on 2 of the 3 nonviolation days with northerly
winds (14 January and 7 February) a major storm was moving up the Atlantic
Coast and the study area was experiencing moderate northwesterly flow and
light snowfall.  Under these conditions, particulate concentrations tend to
be low because of rapid dispersion, reduced fugitive-dust emissions due to
snow cover and wet surfaces, the cleansing effect of precipitation in general,
and low background levels.  Of the violation days, the most similar synoptic
pattern occurred on 26 April when a low was also moving up the Atlantic coast
but had only reached Cape Hatteras by the end of the day.  The winds on this
day were more northerly and there was no precipitation.  The third nonviola-
tion day with northerly winds at Wellsburg was 28 December.  Table 18 shows
that the wind at Steubenville on that day was highly variable, and also, that
the wind had an easterly component for a considerable portion of the day at
Wellsburg.

Clarington—
     Figure 19a shows that the prevailing winds on the single isolated vio-
lation day (28 December) were northerly, and that the concentration exceeded
that at the nearest site to the north, Powhattan Point, by 74 ug/m3.  Sources
implicated by the wind direction are the Mitchell and Rammer power plants
roughly 5 and 6 miles away toward the north-northeast.  Figure 19b identified
the sources.
                                     62

-------
                                      13,840,
                                                        12/28
                        VIOLATION  DAYS (n = I )
                       OTHER  DAYS  (n =12)
Figure 19a.   Wind direction  roses  for selected  days at  Clarington.
             Locations of major  nearby point  sources and  their
             annual emissions  in tons per year  are also shown in
             the upper part  of the figure.
                               63

-------
 Si It 1  I.UAKI.MMIl
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Figure  19b.   Point  source  summary  -  Clarington.
                                64

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                                   SECTION  6

                            SOURCE  IMPACT ANALYSIS
     As  a  final task, an attempt has been made to combine the chemical and
microscopic  analyses with the emissions and meteorological data in order to
better understand the sources or source categories which are causing non-
attainment of TSP standards.  Inherent in this type of study is the limita-
tion that  an emissions inventory is not available for the specific day of
interest.  Hence, annual emissions estimates must be utilized and any special
occurrences  affecting a monitor on a certain day can not be identified.  These
special  occurrences include such events as control equipment failure, localized
fires, plowing, and extraordinary vehicular activity which have an impact on
a monitor.

     As  described in Section 3, the filters which were analyzed were selected
for particular reasons and not randomly.  Hence, attempts to extrapolate re-
sults to an  annual basis may not be statistically significant.  Two types of
analysis have been carried out as part of this effort:

     •     interspecies correlations, and

     •    upwind/downwind relationships

     This section describes the results of these analyses.

INTERSPECIES CORRELATIONS

     A technique which is often used to assess the factors relating to high TSP
concentrations is interspecies correlation.  This technique involves computing
a matrix of  correlation coefficients between individual chemical species esti-
mates for one or several sites and drawing conclusions as to which species and,
hence, sources of these species, significantly explain the variance in TSP
levels.  A significant positive correlation coefficient between TSP and one or
a group of elements would suggest that the sources of the element are a cause
of high TSP concentrations.

     The data used in this analysis were derived from the third set of filters
which were studied — the 25  filters selected for upwind-downwind analysis.   In
addition to using the chemical species data which were measured for these fil-
ters (SOij, NOa, Fe,  As), the major particle categories, identified optically,
were included.   These categories were minerals, flyash, coal fragments,  soot,
and iron oxide.  These components constituted about 97 percent of the visible
particulate on a filter.  Two other categories were also included in the cor-
relation study; these were the adjusted TSP levels (total particulates minus

                                      65

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sulfates and nitrates) and the ratio of iron-to-arsenic (Fe/As).   The ad-
justed TSP levels may be expected to correlate better with optical studies
as secondary particulates are typically too small to see.   Computations of
mass concentrations based on the optical analysis use the adjusted TSP to
represent the reference concentration.  The Fe/As ratio is often an indi-
cator of the impact of flyash and coal fragments.  This ratio in coal is
about 100:1 and in coal flyash about 30:1.  This change in ratio occurs
due to selective control of the various elements.  Iron normally remains
as a solid in flue gas and is captured by the control equipment.   Arsenic
is often vaporized and thus condenses after entering the ambient air.  This
factor is confounded in an area such as the AQCR 181 due to the significant
amount of iron oxides emitted.  Soil also has a very high Fe/As ratio, on
the order of 10,000:1.  So high values of this parameter on a filter would
suggest iron, oxides or soils as major source categories.  Low values suggest
flyash or coal fragments.  It should be noted that valley-specific analyses
of source constituents were not available for this study.

     The technique used in this analysis was to study all samples collec-
tively, regardless of location, meteorological conditions or sampling date.
This was done in an attempt to have an acceptable sample size (there were
at most two samples from a site) and range of concentration.  It is recog-
nized that this could obscure certain significant relationships.

     Table 20 presents the correlation between the mass percent of each opti-
cal category observed on the filter and the unadjusted TSP.  (Similar results
were obtained using adjusted TSP).

          TABLE 20.  CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS AND MEAN PERCENTAGES

                           Percent  of mass represented by component

TSP
Minerals
-0.46
Flyash
0.16
Coal
fragments
0.14
Soot
0.20
Iron oxides
0.32
 Mean and Std.
   Dev. (percent) 30.3 ± 7.3  22.9 ± 4.8  22.1 ± 6.7  11.3 ± 3.3  8.1 ± 4.8

     When using mass percentages, correlation coefficients indicate whether
the portion represented by any component changes with changing concentration.
Based on the number of samples (25), the 5 percent level for "r" is 0.38.

     Review of these results shows that the portion of the particulate de-
scribed as minerals declines significantly as TSP concentrations increase.
This implies that minerals, and hence their principal sources - soils and
process emissions - are most likely not the cause of high 24—hour TSP con-
centrations in the valley.

     The other four categories all have positive but nonsignificant correla-
tions coefficients.  This implies that there is no pattern to the change in
percentage with changing TSP levels.  One can imply that the mean percentage

                                     66

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does not change and that, as an example, flyash is as likely to comprise 23
percent of the particulate on a filter at low concentration as it is at high
concentration.

     Table 21 presents the correlation matrix for the elemental species data.
Again, an absolute value for r of greater than 0.38 indicates a nonrandom
relationship.  Review of these data in relation to the adjusted TSP levels
(ATSP) indicates that each of the optically determined categories is strongly
correlated to ATSP.  This indicates that the concentration of each of these
components increases quite linearly (though not necessarily with a slope of
1.0) with increasing TSP.  Sulfates and iron also correlate well with TSP
but no significant fit is found for nitrates or arsenic.  The adjusted and
unadjusted TSP levels correlate at 0.99.

     The nitrate concentrations are completely uncorrelated with sulfate con-
centrations.  It is known that coal fly ash contains a significant amount of
water-soluble sulfate, 5-22 percent by weight.Itf  Fly ash does not contain sig-^
nificant amounts of nitrates.  If the principal source of nitrates are assumed
to be long range transport, then this lack of correlation between these two com-
ponents suggests that transport was not a significant factor on the days studied.
SC>2 was found to correlate significantly only with coal fragments, however, the
sulfur in coal is not expected to be in sulfate form in significant quantities.

     Arsenic was found to correlate significantly only with the mass of coal
fragments observed on the filter.  The concentration of iron was found to corre-
late significantly with each of the optical components, in particular, the iron
oxides and with TSP concentrations.  This is expected since iron is a component
of each of these categories.

UPWIND-DOWNWIND COMPARISON

     As noted in Section 3, the third set of filters were selected to allow
upwind-downwind comparisons for the purpose of identifying probable sources
causing concentrations in excess of 150 yg/m3.  The filters were selected by
identifying days on which the wind direction was fairly well defined and
there were isolated violations of the standard.  A total of 30 filters were
selected which would have allowed 12 case studies to be performed.  Sub-
sequently, however, errors in filter identification, sampling period, and
measured concentrations invalidated a key filter in six of the sets, allowing
only six for further study.

     In several instances, no conclusion can be drawn as to the cause of the
high concentration.  This occurs when two filters with extremely different
reported concentrations have identical species analysis.  In several cases
where this happens, further study indicated that an error had occurred in
                                       67

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                             TABLE 21.  CORRELATION MATRIX OF OPTICAL AND  CHEMICAL ANALYSES
00
Coal Iron
Minerals Flyash fragments Soot oxides SOi, NOa As
Minerals
Flyash
Coal
fragments
Soot
Iron
oxides
SO.,
NO 3
As
Fe
Fe/As
TSP
ATSP
0.76 0.73 0.82 0.38 0.37 -0.06 0.08
0.69 0.70 0.70 0.34 -0.16 -0.03
0.69 0.41 0.66 -0.18 0.44
0.50 0.48 -0.02 0.01
-0.01 -0.25 -0.02
-0.00 0.11
- -0.11
-




Fe
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-0.
-0.




68
76
52
62
87
20
02
11
-



Fe/As
0
0
0
0
0
-0
-0
-0
0



.31
.47
.20
.24
.68
.03
.16
.37
.68
-


TSP
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-0.
0.
0.
0.


90
92
85
87
66
49
11
13
74
37
-

ATSP
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0
0
0
0
0

.93
.94
.85
.87
.71
.43
.16
.12
.77
.41
.99
-
Mean
(yg/m3)
31.9
26.1
25.3
13.0
10.3
13.2
2.5
0.060
1.73
65.4
112.0
94.9
Std. Dev.
(yg/m3)
16.9
16.1
18.0
9.8
10.4
9.6
1.16
0.055
1.20
116.5
62.3
58.9
       Notes:  ATSP = TSP  -  (SO,, + N03)
               First five  columns (Minerals through Iron oxides) based on optical analysis.
               Others based  on chemical  analysis
               N = 25         r0 os » 0.38

-------
reporting the concentration.  In several cases, it was not possible to ascer-
tain the cause of the difference or eliminate the filter.  In these cases,
one or more of the following reasons for not identifying the source of the
concentration difference is true:

     •    the methods used did not detect the critical component
          which was different between filters,

     •    material was lost from the filter or chemically modified before being
          received by GCA,*

     •    the estimated volumetric flow rate was incorrect for the sample, or

     •    the filter was improperly weighed.

     It was not possible to attribute any of these factors to a particular
filter.

     The filter worksheets used in this study are presented in Appendix C of
this report, including those subsequently invalidated.

Case 1-2 January 1978

                      Filters            Concentrations (yg/m3)
               Martin's Ferry                      36

               Tiltonsville                       152

               Brilliant                           43

               Wind - Southwesterly

     Review of the Martin's Ferry and Brilliant filters indicates that they
are almost identical with regard to concentration of TSP, SOi^, and NOs plus
each of the optical components.   The exception is that the Brilliant filter,
located downwind of Tiltonsville experienced slightly higher iron concentrations.

     The Tiltonsville site, however, experienced sulfate, nitrate, and mineral
impacts which are twice as high as the other two sites.  The impact of combus-
tion type products at this site was five to seven times greater than at
Brilliant or Martin's Ferry.

     Review of sources upwind of this monitor suggests that the most likely
source is the Wheeling-Pittsburgh Yorktown Plant located about one-half mile
southwest of the monitor.   This  source contains a number of coal-fired boilers
estimated to emit 1265 tons/year of particulate.  This assumption is confirmed
by the size of the particles  observed at Tiltonsville; coal fragments and
flyash at this site were often greater than 50  ym in size while similar par-
ticles at Martin's Ferry and  Brilliant were all less than 40 ym.   The large
particles are often the result of a relatively  close source.
 The filters were exposed 1 to 2 years before analysis.

                                       69

-------
     The stacks from the source were modeled using the hourly meteorological
data for this date.  The results indicated an impact of about 6 yg/m3.  This
impact is most likely underestimated due to problems in defining wind direc-
tion in the valley.  This estimate does not include the impacts of any fu-
gitive emissions from this facility.

     The conclusion of this case study is that fugitive and stack emissions
from the Yorktown Plant resulted in an estimated impact of over 100 yg/m3 at
the Tiltonsville monitor.  Much of the particulate was relatively large and,
hence, was not carried north as far as the monitor in Brilliant.  Review of
all data, however, suggest that there may have been an error in initially
measuring total particulate on the filter.  The factor of 2 difference in
NC>3 and minerals is somewhat unexpected.  As all species concentrations
are reported relative to the total particulate mass, this would have resulted
in overestimation of all optical components.  If this error has occurred, then
the impact of this source would be about 25 yg/m3, more in line with the model
predictions.

Case 2 - 14 January 1978

                      Filters   Concentrations (yg/m3)

                    Follansbee            73
                    Weirton              152

                              Wind - Northerly

     This set was originally to have contained the Toronto site which recorded
a concentration of 24 yg/m3 and is upwind of Weirton; however, this filter was
not available from Ohio.  Insufficient filter was also available to perform
all chemical analyses on the Weirton and Follansbee filters.  Hence, only
    and NOa data are available from Follansbee.
     Review of the microscope data indicate that each site is experiencing
about 20 yg/m3 of minerals and 4 yg/m3 of pollen.  The major difference in
components is in the combustion category.  Review of the particle size data
for these two sites suggests that both monitors are being impacted by rela-
tively nearby sources; both had flyash and coal particles over 50 ym.

     Upwind of the Weirton site is the Weirton Steel facility.  This source
is most likely the cause of the high concentrations recorded at Weirton.  The
PTMTP was applied to the stacks for this facility using the hourly meteorology
for that day and an impact of 65 yg/m3 was estimated.  When fugitive emissions
are added to this estimate, the level is expected to be approximately equal to
the excess particulate found on the filter over the concentration observed at
Toronto.
                                       70

-------
Case 3-2 February 1978

                     Filter           Concentrations (yg/m3)
            Steubenville Court House           178

                             Wind - Northerly

     Problems with the "low concentration" filters which were to be used in
this case invalidated their use.  Review of the chemical and microscopic data
from this monitor however provides some interesting observations.   This mon-
itor experienced very high concentrations of sulfate and coal fragments,
44 yg/m  and 49 yg/m3, respectively.  This sulfate level is quite high in re-
lation to the level recorded at Adams St. in Steubenville of 4.4 yg/m3.  The
concentration at Adams St. was only 49 yg/m3 however.

     On this day, a situation similar to this also occurred at the Clarington
site.  The concentration at all of the other monitors in that area is about
40 to 50 yg/m3.  The Clarington monitor, however, reported 123 yg/m3 and
NOVAA reported the S(\ level at 28 yg/m3.

     Based on this information, no obvious source of the particulate and high
sulfate level can be identified.  The sulfate in the observed fly ash accounts
for less than 10 yg/m3 of the 44.5 yg/m3 which was observed.  The size distribu-
tion of particles on the filter indicates most are less than 40 ym.  This would
suggest that a localized source is not the cause of the high concentration.

Case 4-2 April 1978

                        Filters     Concentrations (yg/m3)

                   Powhattan Point           180

                   Clarington                 68

                             Wind - Northerly

     A set of filters had originally been collected which included the two
E. Liverpool sites.  One of these sites had a concentration of 75 yg/m  and
the second was reported as 176 yg/m3.  However, the analysis ultimately in-
dicated that the high concentration should actually have been 52 yg/m3.  The
higher concentration is the value reported to EPA by the local agency.  During
performance of this study, the value was determined to be a transcription
error and the latter value found to be the correct concentration.   Hence, no
further effort has been expended.  These filters are described in Appendix C.

     The high concentration observed at Powhattan Point is extremely isolated;
no other site in that section of the valley exceeds 90 yg/m3.  Review of the
percent breakdown by class of the particules observed microscopically at the
Powhattan Point and Clarington sites indicates that they are identical within
the accuracy of the technique.  The filters are both characterized by small
                                     71

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particle sizes  (<40y) with the exception that coal fragments at Powhattan
were observed to range up to 65 microns.

     The iron and arsenic concentrations are in proportion to the differences
in concentration between the sites; the SO^ and NOs concentrations are
slightly higher at Powhattan.

     Review of the inventory indicates no major sources north of Powhattan
Point.  A large slag dump is located southwest of the monitor, however, no
slag was observed on the filter.

     In this case, again, no apparent cause for the concentration difference
can be determined.  One must assume either the tests used did not detect the
cause of the high concentration or an error occurred in weighing the filter.

Case 5-8 April 1978

                        Filters     Concentrations (yg/m3)

                    Weirton                  208

                    Toronto                  155
                    New Cumberland           169

                    New Manchester            38

                            Wind - Northwesterly

     The microscopically determined classification of particles for this case
study fairly strongly delineates the New Cumberland and Toronto sites as being
almost identical; the New Manchester site as appearing like "background"; and
the Weirton site as showing a more complex situation than the more northern
sites.

     Each of the three southern monitors have estimated mineral impacts esti-
mated at about 40 yg/m3 while New Manchester has a mineral impact of 13 yg/m3.
At all four sites, the size of the minerals, mostly calcite, is quite small
(<10 ym) implying a relatively distant source.   The New Cumberland site has an
estimated impact from flyash of 44 yg/m  and some flyash particles up to
100 ym were observed on the filter.  The flyash on the other two southern
filters was smaller (<70 ym)  and that for New Manchester less than 30 ym.  The
Weirton site shows a major impact from iron oxide (41 yg/m3) although the size
of the particles is less than 5 ym.

     Review of the inventory for a source which would impact the three southern
monitors but not New Manchester during northwesterly winds , leads to the Sammis
Plant which emits over 55,000 tons/year of particulate.  Use of the PTMTP model
with hourly meteorological data for this day suggests a 24-hour average impact
of about 40 to 60 yg/m3.   This is consistent with the flyash estimates.

     The higher concentrations observed at the Weirton site most likely result
from operation of the Weirton Steel facility.   This facility is apparently
                                      72

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 contributing about  30 yg/m3 of  iron oxide, 5 yg/m3 of  coal  fragments,  and
 10 yg/m3 of flyash.  This  level of impact is consistent with previous  PTMTP
 runs.

 Case 6-26 April 1978

                         Filters     Concentrations  (yg/m3)

                    Wellsburg                 140
                    Mingo  Junction            177
                    Brilliant                  95
                    Steubenville CH            81
                    New Manchester             67
                    Follansbee                 75

                              Wind - Northerly

     The analysis of minerals for these sites indicates a relatively uniform con-
 centration throughout the  area; the particles are all  small (<20 ym) suggesting
 that localized fugitive dust emissions are not the cause of high concentrations.
 The flyash concentrations  are low compared to a day  such as 8 April; they aver-
 age less than 15 yg/m3 at  all sites except Mingo Junction and Wellsburg.
 These latter two sites recorded much higher concentrations  of each of  the com-
 bustion components.  These results suggest that the  elevated TSP levels recor-
 ded at Mingo Junction and  Wellsburg are the result of  the numerous steelmaking
 facilities to the north of Mingo Junction.  These include several Wheeling-
 Pittsburgh facilities and  Koppers Co.

 Case 7-17 September 1978

                       Filters      Concentrations (yg/m3)

                   Wellsville                 93

                   E. Liverpool CH           175

                              Wind - Southerly

     This filter pair is quite interesting because the chemical species con-
 centrations and the distribution of particulates among the microscopically
defined categories are identical.   Only the total concentration on the fil-
ters is different.   The particle size ranges also are identical with the ex-
ception that flyash and coal fragment particles have an upper diameter of
about 67 ym at E.  Liverpool and 27 ym at Wellsville.

     PTMTP was used to model the Sammis Plant for this day and was found to
have no impact at  Wellsville and an impact of about 20 yg/m3 at E.  Liverpool.

     This day is one with high sulfate levels which contribute strongly to
high concentrations throughout the valley.   No obvious source or source ca-
tegory can be associated with the  E.  Liverpool concentrations.
                                      73

-------
OTHER  STUDIES

     Two days were studied in an attempt  to gain an overview of conditions in
the valley.  This study used the first  group of 20 filters as basis and the
results were as  follows.

March  21,  1978

     This  day is characterized by isolated violations; values above 150 yg/m3
were recorded only at Steubenville Court  House, E. Liverpool Fire Station,
and Follansbee.  The filters analyzed include Wellsburg  (No. 3416) and E. Liver-
pool Fire  Station (No. 3651).  The weather during the day was overcast and
windy with south-westerly flow; 0.21 inches of precipitation was recorded at
Pittsburgh during the afternoon.  The area had just experienced a warm spell
and this was the first sampling day on which no snow cover was reported.

     Figure 20 presents the regional 24-hour TSP concentrations.  Many sites
in the valley exceeded 100 yg/m3 but no very high concentrations (>200 yg/m3)
were recorded.  Those sites which exceed  150 yg/m3 did so by a small margin.
Comparison at monitor sites located close to those which exceeded 150 yg/m3
indicates  that the higher concentration was recorded at the site which was
closer to  ground level.

     Review of the microscopic data indicate that, in general, a larger than
usual percent of the particles were in 2.5 to 40. micron range and that a
major portion of the particles were mineral in nature.  The chemical data for
Wellsburg  indicate a very high concentration of chloride.

     This  information combines to indicate that the cause of violations for
this day was primarily blowing road dust  and salt.  The final snow melt had
occurred several days before and the sand and salt mixed in the snow piles
released.  It was quite windy providing opportunity for these particles to
be entrained and collected in the hi-vols.  This explains why monitors closer
to street  level recorded higher concentrations and also why concentrations
were relatively uniform throughout the valley.  The strong winds would pro-
vide good  ventilation, resulting in relatively low point source impacts.

     It is likely that the entire valley would have experienced very high
concentrations if precipitation had not occurred during the afternoon.  As
it was, only those sites closest to the fugitive source collected enough
particulate before the rain to result in a 24-hour average violation.

May 26, 1978

     A regional violation situation existed on this day.   Fourteen sites ex-
ceeded the secondary standard and four of these also exceeded the primary
standard.  Optical and chemical analysis was performed on 6 days,  at New
Manchester (No.  3430), Clarington (No.  3647),  Mingo Junction (No.  3664),
                                      74

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                            JEFFERSON    \.74
Figure 20.  24-hour TSP concentration  -  March 21.





                         75

-------
Shadyside (No. 3670), Tiltonsville (No. 3673) and Wellsville (No. 3678).  The
Clarington site recorded the highest 24-hour concentrations measured during
1978 on this day,  545 yg/m3.  The weather this day was clear with light,
variable winds and no precipitation.  The wind had been light for at least
4 days preceding May 26, providing little opportunity for flushing of the
valley.

     Figure 21 describes the regional pattern of TSP levels.  Though most
sites exceed the 150 yg/m  standard, two areas of very high concentration
exist:  the Steubenville-Follansbee-Mingo Junction area and the Clarington-
Hannibal sites.

     The optical analysis did not suggest anomalous particle distributions,
however, it was interesting to note that the Clarington filter was character-
ized as "moderately loaded."  The SEM analysis of the Clarington filter
revealed an extraordinary finding:  the filter fibers were thickly coated
with a "scale" which the XRF indicated to be pure silica.

     Chemical analysis indicates that sulfate levels are about 15 yg/m  ,
higher than those of March 21 and April 26 but not extreme in comparison
to regional averages.  The metals analysis did not show any significant in-
crease in levels from those reported on other days.

     Concentrations on May 26 are apparently dominated by high background
levels of flyash, dust, and biologicals.  This background developed after
a period of low wind speed, nonprecipitation days.  The excessive concentra-
tions measured in the Mingo Junction area most likely result from emissions
from the Wheeling-Pittsburgh and Kopper facilities carried by the northerly
winds.

     In the Clarington area, the extremely fine silica is most likely a
process emission.  Review of the facilities in the area indicates Ohio Ferro
Alloys is the most likely source of this silica.

CONCLUSIONS

     The results of the microscopic and chemical analysis indicate the break-
down of the particles on an "average" filter (listed in Table 22).

     This tally is based on the filter samples used in the upwind-downwind
analyses and, thus, do not necessarily represent the average conditions.
However, the variance in the estimates among the various filters was not
great, giving credence for the use of these numbers to generalize.

     The estimated combustion and process source impact (i.e.,  emissions from
stacks) ranges from 32 yg/m3 to about 40 yg/m3.   Most of the iron oxide is
assumed to be process emission due to its small size.  Mobile sources are es-
timated to account for only about 3.4 yg/m3 of this total based on average
lead concentrations on the filter of 0.3 yg/m3.   As noted in Section 2, con-
trol of point source emissions down to the allowable level will result in a
50 to 95 percent reduction in emissions; this will result in a reduction of
about 22 to 27 yg/m in average TSP concentrations.  Hence, control of point

                                     76

-------
                          296




                 COLUMBI AN A
Figure 21.  24-hour TSP concentration - May 26.
                       77

-------
                    TABLE 22.  SOURCE CATEGORY IMPACTS
                             Concentration
                              (Std. Dev.)
Category
Minerals

Coal fragments
Iron oxide
Flyash
Soot
Sulfates and nitrates
Other3
(yg/m3)
30

21
8
22
10
15
6
(+6.9)

(+6.4)
(+5.5)
(+4.6)
(+3.2)
(+9.7)

Source type
Fugitive dust and fugitive
emissions
Fugitive emissions
) Fugitive emissions
j Point source emissions
Point source emissions
Point source emissions
j Transport
) Point source emissions
(
      Q
       Includes biologicals, glass, burned wood, and tire rubber.
sources alone is not expected to be adequate for attainment of the primary
annual standard at all sites.

     Attainment of the annual standard will require implementation of regula-
tions controlling fugitive dust and fugitive emissions throughout the valley.
Much of the "Minerals" category is composed of fine-grained calcite, some
portion of which results from industrial processes such as limestone crushing.
Coal fragments emitted during pulverizing or entrained from coal piles also
represent a significant portion of total particulates observed on the filters.
Control of fugitive emissions in these categories will be required to attain
the annual standard.

     The individual day analyses, however, consistently indicated that ex-
ceedance of the secondary 24-hour standard is often caused by the impact of
a particular source or sources on a monitor.  In the cases studied, the
sources which apparently caused short-term standards violations included:

     Ohio Edison Sammis Plant/Stratton
     Weirton Steel/Weirton
     Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel/Mingo Jet

     Feeling-Pittsburgh Steel/Yorkville

     Koppers Co./Follansbee

     Ohio Ferro-Alloy/Clarington

     Reduction of the emissions from these sources to the allowable levels
would often have resulted in the 24-hour secondary standard not being
exceeded for the days studied.
                                     78

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                                REFERENCES


 1.  "Fugitive Emissions and Fugitive Dust Emissions", U.S. Environmental
     Protection Agency, OAQPS, Research Triangle Park, NC.  1975

 2.  PEDCo Environmental, Inc. Validation of Empirical Model for Estimating
     TSP Annual Concentrations.  U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC.,
     January 1979.

 3.  McCrone, W.C. "The Particle Atlas, Volume 1", Second Edition, Ann Arbor
     Science Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1973, p. 224.

 4.  "National Assessment of the Urban Particulate Problem, Volume I," U.S.
     Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-450/3-76-024, Research Triangle
     Park, NC., 1970.

 5.  Scientific and Technical Assessment Report on Particulate Polycyclic
     Organic Matter (PPOM), EPA-600/6-74-001, March 1975.

 6.  R.E. La Flamme, R.A. Kites Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 42, 289 (1978).

 7.  R.J. Gordon, Environ, Sci. & Tech., 10(4), 370  (1976).

 8.  A.H. Miguel and S.K. Friedlander, Atmos. Environ, 12, 2407 (1978).

 9.  L. Demaio and M. Corn., JAPCA. 16(2), 67 (1966).

10.  R.P. Hangebrauck, D.J. von Lehmden, and J.E. Meeker.  "Sources of Polynuclear
     Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere," U.S. Department of HEW, Cinn. OH 1967.

11.  B.E. Suta, "Human Population Exposures to Coke-Oven Atmospheric Emission,"
     U.S. EPA, SRI Internations, Menlo Park, Calif. November 1977.

12.  G. Broddin, L. van Vaeck and K. Van Cauvenberghe, Atmos. Environ, 11, 1061
     (1977).

13.  D.J. von Lehmden, R.P. Hangebrauck, and J.E. Meeker, JAPCA, 15,  (1965).

14.  Henry, W.M., and K.T. Knapp, "Compound Forms of Fossil Fuel Fly Ash Emissions,"
     Environmental Science and Technology, 14:4, pp. 450-456, April 1980.
                                     79

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     APPENDIX A




POINT SOURCE INVENTORY
          80

-------
    PL4MT
MUAKErt STATE  OIL
HOMER L^USHLIN  CHINA
WEIRTON STEEL/NATION
•v'LlRTQN STEEL/NATION
iv'EIRTON STEEL/NATION
UEIRTON STEEL/NATION
WLIRTON STEEL/NATION
WE.IRTON STEEL/NATION
STANDARD SLAG COMPAN
INTERNATIONAL MILL  S
GLOr>E REFRACTORIES  S
IRON CITY SAMu  &  GRA
TRI-STATE ASPHALT #3
TRI-STATL ASPHALT &4
KOPPERS CO.
INTERNATIONAL MILL  s
3AhNtK ~ IBERbCARU CO
WHEELING PITTSBURGH
'JHtELlNS PITTSBURGH
inlHiEELINo PITTSBURGH
OHIO VALLEY HOSPITAL
SLAW KNOX PL'MINSULA
CENTRE FOUNDRY
VALLEY CAMP COAL  NO.
       CAr"P COAL  NO.
       POWciR  STATION
MITCHELL POWER  =>LANT
WHEELING-PIT1S3UR3H
ALLIEj CHEMICAL-SQUT
M08AY CHEMICAL  CORP.
PPG INDUSTRIES
MOUNTAINEER C -\RBON  C
TRIANGLE P.W.C. INC.
3EN*QOO LIMESTONE
H.B. REE1) CO.
FOSTCRIA GLASS
CITES S-IRVICE CO.
TRI-STATE ASP-ALT
-jACCO MIMING
VALLEY
KA^IKER
POINT
X ( K 
-------
    PLANT NAME

TRI STATE ASPHALT
OHIO EOISON/R.E.6URG
OHIO VALLEY PAVING P
SWANK REFACTQRIES
WALLACE/MURRAY CORP.
OHIO EDISON CO.
COLUMBIA FOUNDRY CO.
N.R.M. CORP-FOUNDRY
KAIScR REFRACTORIES
COLUMBIANA PUMP CO.
OHIO FERRO ALLOYS
OR MET CORP.
CONSOLIDATED ALUMINU
QUARTO MINING CO.
BUCKEYE POWER
CARDINAL CPER. COKP.
KAUL CLAY CO.
F.J. DANDO CO.
OHIO EDISON CO./SAMM
SATRALLOY INC.
OHIO EDISON CO./TORO
STANDARD SLAG CO.
WHEELING-PITTSBURGH
WHEELING-PITTSBURGH
WHEELING-PITTSBURGH
TORONTO PAPERbOARD C
SUMMITSVILLE TILES
NATIONAL STEEL/UEIRT
TITANIUM
   POINT SOURCE INVENTORY


X(KM)     Y«^)
522.70
520.50
482.90
528.10
511.70
535.90
525.20
525.30
523.70
526.00
514.70
515.00
515.00
511.50
529.40
530.00
533.30
525.30
531.10
527.90
533.50
532.50
525.40
532.50
533.50
533.70
509.80
532.70
533.00
4431.90
4417.50
4434.80
4493.10
4526.80
4520.30
4525.80
4525.40
4526.10
4525.80
4405.40
4395.00
4396.50
4397.50
4454.90
4455.80
4480.70
4488.90
4486.70
4462.00
4481.50
4462.60
4445.40
4466.70
4463.20
4480.00
4503.00
4467.00
4477.50
EMISS
ACTUAL
4.
23125.
17.
172.
525.
600.
1.
97.
202.
45.
54.
1855.
556.
44.
149.
38007.
42.
43.
55191.
6213.
5135.
51.
1493.
1963.
2391.
1451.
233.
16.
67.
IONS (T/YR)
ALLOWABLE
9.
1612.
17.
27.
1796.
49.
22.
57.
758.
6.
214.
6704.
554.
51.
2401.
2753.
18.
17.
4378.
146.
623.
50.
43.
1259.
1430.
29.
86.
64.
127.
                                 82

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   APPENDIX B




MICRO INVENTORIES
       83

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-1900-003
Location - Fire Station, E. Pennsylvania Ave.,
           East Liverpool, Ohio
UTM - N-4498 346, E-000538550
Monitor Height - 18 ft
Site Elevation - 760 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la.  Residential/Commercial
Ib.  Residential
Ic.  Residential/Commercial
Id.  Rural
2.   Residential
3.   River/Industrial
                                                                o  'A  U
       4.   Residential/Industrial
       5.   Rural
       6.   Rural/Residential
       7.   Rural
       8.   Residential
       9.   Residential/Rural
                                           (mile
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
             Source
        Pennsylvania Ave.
Visible major point sources:
             Source
          Sammis Power
      Taylor, Smith, Taylor
Air quality data:
              Year
              1977
              1978
Distance (feet)
     45 ft
       Description
3090 ADT, Dirty, Curbed


        Direction
           200
           210
       Geometric mean (ug/m3)
                 112
                 106
                                      84

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                                                            268-51
1.   Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
2.   Cleared area 0.08 ac.
3.   Unpaved road 200 ft
4.   Unpaved road 200 ft
5.   Unpaved lot 0.08 ac
6.   Unpaved lot 0.20 ac
7.   Unpaved lot 0.04 ac

          One-quarter mile radius around East Liverpool, Ohio site.
                                      85

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                                                               268-52
One-mile radius around East Pennsylvania Ave.,  East Liverpool site.
                               86

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East Liverpool fire station site, view to West.
East Liverpool fire station site, view to South.




                     87

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      AREA  SOURCE SUMMARY
      Site:  East Liverpool, Ohio - Fire Station   UTM N 4498.346 E 00538.550
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Ccmrn/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
Activity
rate

650 h.u.


6,182 VMT



420 A
6,182 VMT
1.5 VMT
0.08 A


0.36 A
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
1

1.2
neg

neg



0.1
neg
neg



0.2 .
2 '

0.7
neg

neg




neg





3

0.4
neg




•
0.1






4

0.4
neg

neg



0.1
ne&





5

0.4
neg












6

0.7
neg

neg



0.2
_jae^L





7

0.1
neg





0.4






8

1.0
neg

neg

4.2

0.4
neg






9

1.4
neg













Total

6.3
-

neg

4.2

1.3
... ne£.
	 neg..



0.2
00
oo
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
1.2
0.0
0.3
1.5
2 to 5
1.9
0.0
0.2
2.1
6 to 9
, 	 3.2
4.2
1.0
8.4
Total
6.3
4.2
1.5
12.0
Variable value
1
51.4
-
12.9
64.3
2 to 5
11.9
-
1.2
13.1
6 to 9
5.3
6.9
1.6
13.8
Total
68.6
6.9
15.7
91.2

-------
POINT SOUKC;  SUMKARY
                           UTK:   5 3 o. = 5
X
(KM)
537.
531.
b33.
531.
530 .
530 .
528.
531.


30
00
10
93
00
OS
10
10
Y
(,
MO^£K
G L 'J ? "
TKI-ST
T R I - S T
•>w A'>iK
OHIO ^


»SMITH»&TAYLOR
STAT^ OIL
HUC'HLIM CHINA
»EFRACTORI£S S
-M. ASPHALT S3
ME A S D H A L T * 1
RCFACTIRIL3
^ISOM CO./SAMH
                                      89

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-1900-001
Location - 126 West Sixth St.,
           East Liverpool, Ohio (City Hall)
UTM - N-4496462  E-00535462
Monitor Height - 65 ft
Site Elevation - 760 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la.  Commercial
Ib.  Commercial
Ic.  Commercial/Residential
Id.  Commercial
2.   Residential
3.   Industrial/River
4 .
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
            River
            Commercial/River
            Residential/Commercial
            Residential
            Industrial/Residential
            Rural/Residential
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
             Source
       West Sixth Street
Visible major point sources:
             Source
Distance (feet)
     94 ft
                                                                         Imile
                  Description
             5130 ADT, Clean, Curbed
                          Direction
Air Quality Data:
              Year
              1977
              1978
       Geometric mean (yg/m )
                 68
                 90
                                       90

-------
                                                           268-54
1.   Unpaved lot 0.08 ac
2.   Unpaved lot 0.04 ac
3.   Unpaved lot 0.02 ac
4.   Unpaved lot 0.04 ac
5.   Unpaved lot 0.04 ac
6.   Unpaved lot 0.04 ac
7.   Cleared area 0.04 ac.
 8.  Cleared area 0.04 ac.
 9.  Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
10.  Cleared area 0.16 ac.
11.  Coal piles 0.02 ac.
12.  Cleared area 0.02 ac.
13.  Unpaved lot 0.12 ac.
14.  Cleared area 0.04 ac.
15.  Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
 One-quarter mile radius around West Sixth Street,  East Liverpool, Ohio site.
                                      91

-------
                                                 _
                                   ••  ; Vw--W':;;sr -;•",
                                                 268-55
One mile radius around West Sixth Street, East Liverpool site.
                        92

-------
Court House site, East Liverpool, view to North.
Court House site, East Liverpool, view to South.




                       93

-------
AREA SOURCE SUMMARY
Site: East Liverpool, Ohio - City Hall   UTM N 4496462 E 00535462
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comra/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad vards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Aggregate storage
Unpaved pkg lots
Activi tv
race

2,250 h.u.


2,439 VMT

Emissions by sector, ton/yr
1

4.5
0.3

neg


59.0 A
2,439 VMT

0.42 A

0.02 A
0.46 A

0.1
neg

neg

_5£!_
0.2 ,
2

5.6
neg

__neg__j



0.0
neg





3

1.5
neg





0.2






4

0.0
0.0





0.2


__Beg__



5

1.9
0.1

neg



0.1
neg





6

3.8
0.1

neg



0.1
Heg__





7

1.5
neg



8

1.1
neg





0.4







0.3







9

1.9
0.1

neg

25.0

0.2
neg






Total

21.8
0.6

_ . . neg .

25.0

1.6
	 neg

neg_

neg_ .
0.2
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
4.8
0.0
0.3
5.1
2 to 5
9.1
0.0
0.5
9.6
6 to 9
8.5
25.0
1.0
34.5
Total
22.4
25.0
1.8
49.2
Variable value
1
57.0
_
3.6
60.6
2 to 5
56.9
_.
3.1
60.0
6 to 9
14.0
41.1
1.6
56.7
Total
127.9
41.1
8.3
1 77 •}

-------
POINT SOURCi SUvf>iRY
                                  535.46 E < 4496.46
      X
    (KM)
    5 3 7 . .5 0
    531.30
    533.43
    531.90
    520.00
    530.00
    528.13
    533.33
    525.30
    531.10
    533.50
4496.20
4495.20
4496.60
4495.70
4491.00
4491.00
4493.10
4460.70
4488.90
4486.70
4481.50
(T/YR)
   94.00
   35.00
  233.03
  Ib9.00
   57.00
   59.00
  172.30
   42.30
   43.00
55191.30
 5135.00
(MI)
 1 .l1-
 2.88
 1.2S
 2.2b
 4.hC
 4.80
 b.03
 9.89
 7.67
 fe .6*
 9. Jo
          (3-LS)
254
?73
2: 7
22f
225
245
187
233
2C4
187
.9
.9
.0
.0
.5
.6
.3
.1
.5
 1   TAYLOR»SMITH»&TAYLOR
 2   QUAKER STAT-:  OIL
 3   HOMER LAUGHLIN  CHINA
 4   GLQ9-: ^EFF CGTOiUES  S
 5   TRI-STATE  ASPHALT  *t 3
 6   TRI-STATE  ASPHALT  «4
 7   SWANK RLFACTD^I^S
 8   KAUL CLAY  CO.
 9   F.J. 04NDO CO.
10   OHIO L3ISON CO./SAMM
11   0"IO tPISCN CD./TORO
                                        95

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-7220-002
Location - 1200 Main Street,
           Wellsville, Ohio
UTM - N-4494255  E-00528879
Monitor Height - 18 ft
Site Elevation - 710 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la.  Residential                       4.
Ib.  River                             5.
Ic.  Industrial                        6.
Id.  Residential/Commercial            7.
2.   Residential                       8.
3.   Rural                             9.

Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
                                                                J	I
                                                              o  V
            Industrial
            Rural
            Residential
            Rural
            Industrial
            Rural/Residential
             Source
           Main Street
Visible major point sources:
             Source
     Swank Refractory Plant
Distance (feet)
     78 ft
                                         Imile
      Description
1000* ACT, Clean, Curbed
                          Direction
                             225
Air Quality Data:
              Year
              1977
              1978
       Geometric mean (yg/m )
                 96
                 94
                                      96

-------
                                                               268-57
1.   Cleared area 2.5 ac.
2.   Unpaved lot 0.5 ac.
3.   Unpaved road 100 ft.
4.   Cleared area 0.04 ac.
5.   Unpaved road 200 ft.
6.   Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
7.   Unpaved road 300 ft.
 8.
 9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Cleared
Unpaved
Unpaved
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
road 300 ft.
lot 0.2 ac.
lot 0.08 ac.
area 0.5 ac.
lot 0.36 ac.
lot 0.08 ac.
             One-quarter mile radius around Wellsville,  Ohio site.
                                      97

-------
                     -\
                                        G  R  ANT   ,'/
                                                       268-58
One mile radius around Main Street, Wellsville site.
                          98

-------
Main Street Wellsville site, view to Southwest
Main Street Wellsville site, view to Northeast




                     99

-------
    AREA SOURCE SUMMARY
    Site:  Wellsville, Ohio   UTM N 4494255 E 00528879

Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Aggregate storage
Unpaved pkg lots
Activitv
rate

1,576 h.u.


21,940 VMT



54.4 A
_21i940 VMT
3.4 VMT
3.04 A

2.0 A
1.58 A

1

3.8
0.1

neg



0.2
neg
neg
0.1


0.6 .

2

1.5
neg

neg



0.1
neg^




LJL^L__
E
3

0.0
0.0





0.2






mission
4

3.3
0.1

ne&.



0.1
neg





s by se
5

0.7
neg





JLJL






;ctor ,
6

3.1
0.1

neg



0.4
neg





ton/yr
7

0.0
0.0





0.0







8

2.1
0.1

neg
"


0.4
neg



2.8


9

0.9
neg





n.o







Total

15.4
0.4

neg.



P__ 0.4
_ - ne£-
neg..
0.1

2.8
0.7
o
o
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
T<~ . — ^
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
3.9
0.0
0.9
/, s
2 to 5
5.6
0.0
0.5
f. i
6 to 9
6.3
0.0
3.6
n n
Total
15.8
0.0
5.0
on o
Variable value
1
167.2
-
38.6
o/-» r o
2 to 5
35.0
-
3.1
„„ «
6 to 9
10.4
-
5.9
- ' -
Total
212.6
-
47.6
— -

-------
POINT
           i SUfMARY
                            UTV:   528.88  1  ,  4494.25
      X
    (KM)
    537.30
    531.00
    533.43
    531.90
    530.00
    530.00
    528.10
    533.3D
    525.30
    531.10
    533.50
    533.70
Y
(KM
449b
4495
4496
4495
4491
4491
4493
4480
4438
4486
4481
4480

)
.20
.23
.60
.70
.00
.00
.10
.70
.90
.70
.50
.00
: MI So I
(T/YR
34
35
233
If. 3
57
59
172
42
43
55191
5135
1451
0 y
)
.00
.30
.33
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.CO
.00
.DO
                                DISTANC£
5.37

3.17

2.14
2.14
0 .60
8.86
4.00
4.89
8.43
9.35
ANGL£  SOURCL NO. ? NAME
< D -:. G )
  77.0   i  TAYLOR.SMITH,RTAYLOR
  66.0   2  QlUKtR STATE OIL
  62.6   ?  HO:JltR LAU3HLIM  CHINA
  64.4   4  3L96E REFRACTORIES  S
 lfcl.0   5  TKI-oTATE ASPHALT  «3
 161.0   6  TRI-STATE ASPHALT  »4
 214.1   7  ?'J»NK REFACTORIE3
 161.9   6  KAUL CLAY CO.
 213.8   9  C.J. DtNDO CO.
 163.6  13  OHIO LJISON CO./SAMM
 160.1  11  OHIO -:DISON CO./TORO
 161.3  12  TORONTO PAPER30ARO  C
                                     101

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-6620-001
Location - 602 South Fourth St.,
           Toronto, Ohio
UTM - N-4478732  E-00533732
Monitor Height - 29 ft
Site Elevation - 700 ft MSL

Land Use by Sector:
la.  Commercial/Residential
Ib.  Residential
Ic.  Commercial
Id.  Commercial/Residential
2.   Residential
3.   Rural
                                I	1
       4.   Commercial
       5.   Residential
       6.   Rural
       7.   Rural
       8.   Commercial/Residential
       9.   Residential/Rural
                                        (mile
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
             Source
        South Fourth St.
Visible major point sources:
             Source
       Toronto Paper board
         Titanium Metals
         Weirton Steel
Air Quality Data:
              Year
              1977
         1978(Jan.-July)
         I978(0ct.-Dec.)
Distance (feet)
     85 ft
      Description
1000* ADT,  Cleaned,  Curbed
                          Direction
                            325°
                            210°
                            190°
       Geometric mean  (yg/m3)
          72 (Federal  St.)
          72 (Federal  St.)
            118  (4th St.)
                                      102

-------
                                                               268-60
1.   Cleared area 1.0 ac.
2.   Construction 0.04 ac.
3.   Unpaved lot 0.08 ac.
4.   Cleared area 0.5 ac.
5.   Cleared area 0.5 ac
6.   Unpaved road 200 ft.
7.   Cleared area 0.08 ac.
8.   Unpaved lot 0.08 ac.
 9.  Unpaved lot 0.02 ac.
10.  Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
11.  Cleared area 0.04 ac,
12.  Unpaved lot 0.2 ac.
13.  Unpaved lot 0.12 ac.
14.  Coal piles 0.08 ac.
15.  Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
16.  Unpaved lot 0.75 ac.
              One-quarter mile radius around Toronto,  Ohio site.
                                      103

-------
olf
UCT^VIP
SfcV'W. I.1"'- lv\v  "  \PQKlWW' //'
                                                     268-61
       One-mile radius around South Fourth Street, Toronto site.
                            104

-------
South Fourth St., Toronto site, view to North.
South Fourth St., Toronto site, view to West.
                      105

-------
AREA SOURCE  S'JMJr-LARY
Site:  Toronto,  Ohio   UTM N  4478732 E 00533732
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Aggregate storage
Unpaved pkg lots
Activity
rate

990 h.u.


757 VMT



51.2 A
757 VMT
0.75 VMT
3.12 A
0.04 A
0.08 A
2.83 A
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
1

1.6
neg





0.2

neg
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.6 .
2

0.8
neg





0.1






3








0.2






4

1.4
neg

neg



0.1
neg





5

2.4
neg

neg


1
0.1
neg




0.5
6

1.7
neg





0.2


neg



7

0.3
neg





0.1






8

1.0
neg





0.3





0.2

9

0.9
neg




, 	 j
0.2







Total

10.1
neg_

i_ neg



1.5
neg_
neg_
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.3
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
1.6
0.0
1.1
2.7
2 to 5
4.6
0.0
1.0
S.fi
6 to 9
3.9
0.0
1.0
U Q
Total
10.1
0.0
3.1
1 0 0
Variable value
1
42.5
_
29.3
-7-1 «"»
2 to 5
28.8
	
6.2
„_ -
6 to 9
6.4
_
1.6
- -
Total
77.7
—
37.1


-------
POINT SOURCE SUMMARY




Sl7E7~TORONTO
                                 533.73 I , 4478.73 M
X
(KM)
534.30
535.00
535.00
534.40
533.00
533.70
534.00
534.20
529.50
530.00
530.00
533.40
534.60
533.60
533.50
533.80
528.10
533.30
525^.30
531.10
533.50
532.50
533.50
533.70
532.70
533.00
Y
(KM)
4474.40
4473.80
4473.00
4474.10
4475.00
4474 .50
4470.70
4474.20
4472.50
4491 .00
4491.00
4465.50
4464.80
4465.90
4465.80
4465.30
4493.10
44-30.70
4488.90
4486.70
4481 .50
4466.70
4*63.20
4480.00
4467.00
4477.50
L.1ISSION DISTANCE
(T/YP)
3914.00
47S8.00
415.00
1995.00
1463.00
2465.00
267.00
5.00
' 10.00
57.00
59.00
879.00
17.00
949.00
3039.00
645.00
172.00
42.00
43.00
55191.00
5135.00
1963.00
2391.00
1451.00
16.00
67.00
(MI)
2.71
3.16
3.65
2.91
2.36
2.63
4.99
2.83
4.68
7.97
7.97
8.22
8.67
7.97
8.04
8.35
9.59
1.25
8.21
5.21
1.73
7.52
9.65
0.79
7.32
0.09
ANGLE
OEG)
172.5
165.6
167.5
171.8
191.1
180.4
178.1
174.1
214.2
343.1
343.1
181.4
176.4
180.6
181.0
179.7
338.6
347.6
320.3
341.7
355.2
185.8
180.9
358.6
185.0
210.7
SOURCE NO. £ NAME

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

UEIRTON STEEL/NATION
UEIRTON STEEL/NATION
.'EIRTON STEEL/NATION
WEIRTON STEEL/NATION
WEIRTON STEEL/NATION
WEIRTON STEEL/NATION
STANDARD SLAG COHPAN
INTERNATIONAL MILL S
IRON CITY SAND & GRA
TRI-STATE ASPHALT t* 3
TRI-STATE ASPHALT «4
HOPPERS CO.
INTERNATIONAL MILL S
WHEELING PITTSBURGH
WHEELING PITTSBURGH
WHEELING PITTSBURGH
SWANK REFACTORIES
KAUL CLAY CO.
F.J. DANDO CO.
OHIO EDISON CO./SAMM
OHIO EDISON CO./TORO
WHEELING-PITTSBURGH
WHEELING-PITTSBURGH
TORONTO PAPER30ARD C
NATIONAL STEEL/WEIRT
TITANIUM METALS
                                       107

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-6420-012
Location - 814 Adams St.,
           Steubenville, Ohio
UTM - N-4467577  E-00532077
Monitor Height - 30 ft
Site Elevation - 780 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la.  Commercial
Ib.  Commercial
Ic.  Residential
Id.  Residential
2.   Residential
3.   Commercial
                                       4.   Residential
                                       5.   Residential
                                       6.   Residential
                                       7.   Industrial
                                       8.   Residential/Rural
                                       9.   Residential
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
                                Distance (feet)
                                      100
                                       49
                                      119
             Source
            Adams St.
           Eighth St.
            South St.
Visible major point sources:
             Source
     Wheeling/Pittsburgh Steel - North
     Wheeling/Pittsburgh Steel - Sinter/Coke
     Wheeling/Pittsburgh Steel - Mingo Works
Air Quality Data:
              Year
              1977
              1978
      Description
 808 ADT, Clean, Curbed
500  ADT, Clean, Curbed
500* ADT, Clean, Curbed
                                                          Direction
                                                             155
                                                             145
                                                             150
                                       Geometric mean (ug/m3)
                                                98
                                                94
                                     108

-------
1.   Cleared area 0.02 ac.
2.   Cleared area 0.02 ac.
3.   Unpaved lot 0.24 ac.
4.   Unpaved lot 0.12 ac.
5.   Unpaved lot 0.02 ac.
6.   Unpaved road 200 ft.
7.   Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
8.   Cleared area 0.02 ac.
9.   Construction 0.08 ac.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Cleared
                                                          268-63
road 300 ft.
lot 0.06 ac.
lot 0.06 ac.
lot 0.12 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.16 ac.
lot 0.20 ac.
lot 0.20 ac.
area 0.36 ac.
     One-quarter mile radius around Adams Street,  Steubenville,  Ohio site.
                                     109

-------
^P^t^^^l^S^
r^,,H,,^  , ^>iwvS^
         ...A/' V- .,-< "-v ^
                                               BM' \ , 'i StFlp-  •

                                                    Mine  '-..--'
                                                   268-64
      One-mile radius around Adams Street, Steubenville site.
                          110

-------
Adams Street, Steubenville site, view to Southeast.
Adams Street, Steubenville site, view to Southwest.
                       Ill

-------
AREA SOURCE Sl">MARY
Site: Steubenville,  Ohio  -  Jefferson County Building   UTM N  4467577  E  00532077
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comra/lnd fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
Activity
rate

2,010








1.9 VMT
0.42
0.08

1.78
Emissions by sector, ton/vr
1

h.u.
neg







neg
neg
neg

0.5 .
2

1.2
neg











0.1
3

1.0
neg



16.0







0.2
4

2.0
0.1












5

4.5
0.1












6

2.4
0.1












7
!
neg




8

1.3
neg


















9

5.9
0.2













Total

19,7
0^



16.0



neg^
neg.
_aeg_

_ o^.__
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1 J 2 to 5
1.4
0.0
0.5
1.9
8.9
16.0
0.3
25.2
6 to 9
9.9
0.0
0.0
9.9
Total
20.2
16.0
0.8
37.0
Variable value
1
36.0
_
12.9
48.9
2 to 5
55.6
100.0
1.9
157.5
6 to 9
16.3


16.3
Total
107.9
100.0
14.8
222.7

-------
POINT SOURCL SUMMARY
                                  532.08  £  t  4^67.58
      X
    (KM)
    534.33
    535.03
    535.00
    534.tO
    533.00
    533.70
    534.00
    534.20
    529.50
    533.40
    534.60
    533.30
    533.60
    533.50
    533.80
    529.40
    530.00
    533.30
    527.90
    533.50
    532.50
    532.50
    533.50
    533.70
    532.70
    533 .00
Y
IKH
4474
4473
4473
4474
4475
4474
4470
4474
4472
4465
4464
4458
4465
4465
4465
4454
4455
4480
4462
4481
4462
4466
4463
4480
4467
4477
EMISSION DICTAI1C
)
.40
.80
.00
.10
.00
.50
.70
.20
.50
.50
.80
.90
.90
.80
.30
.90
.80
.70
.00
.50
.60
.70
.20
.00
.00
.50
(T/f R)
3914 .
47R8.
415.
19^5.
1463.
2465.
267.
5 .
10.
879.
17.
94 .
949.
3035.
645.
149.
38007.
42.
6213.
5135.
51 .
1953.
2391.
1451 .
16.
67.
(MI)
00
00
00
03
00
00
U U
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
uO
GO
CO
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
4
4
3,
4 !
4,
if ,
2.
4 .
3 .
1,
2,
5 c
1,
1.
1<
8,
7,
a,
4,
3 <
3 .
3,
2,
7,
a.
6,
.46
.27
• o3
.30
.65
.42
.26
.32
.45
. 5>3
, 3
, "5
. '3
.41
,77
.05
.43
.19
.33
.70
.10
.61
.86
.78
.53
. 1?
A'JSLE
( Jc.3)
18.1
25.2
28.3
19.6
7.1
13.2
31.6
17.8
332.4
147.5
137.7
172.0
137.8
141.3
142.9
1"! .9
190.0
5.3
216.8
5.8
175.1
1F4.3
162.0
7.4
132.9
5.3
SOU

1
1
C.
3
4
c;
C~
1
'•$
9
13
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
19
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
                                                   SOUSC- NO. 5, NAME
UEIRT
VEIRTQ-:
        STEEL/NATION
        STEEL/NATluN
        STEEL/NATION
JEIRTO'l STEEL/NATION
        STEEL/"JATION
        ST>:S:L/NATION
STANDMC SLAS COM^AN
INTERNATIONAL MILL  S
IRON CITY SAMO & SRA
KOPPERS CO.
INTERNATIONAL MILL  S
^ANN^R FIBER30ARO CO
WHEELING PITTSBURGH
./wrELINS PITTSBURGH
n/HttLINS -ITTSSURGH
5UCKEYE POklER
CARDINAL OPH:R. COMP.
KAUL CLAY CO.
SATRALLOY INC.
OHIO EDISON CO./TORO
STANDARD SLAG CO.
'•IHLLLING-PITT33UR3H
«H^ELING-PITTSBURGH
TORONTO PAPiRBOARD  C
NATIONAL STE£L/U£IRT
TITAMIljK PETALS
                                      113

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-6420-013
Location - 317 Market St.,
           Steubenville, Ohio
UTM - N-4467551  E-00532238
Monitor Height - 50 ft
Site Elevation - 700 ft MSL

Land Use by Sector:
la.  Commercial
Ib.  Industrial
Ic.  Commercial
Id.  Commercial
2.   Industrial/Residential
3.   Industrial/River
                                                                        Imile
                                       4.   Residential
                                       5.   Commercial/Residential
                                       6.   Rural
                                       7.   Industrial/Rural
                                       8.   Residential
                                       9.   Rural/Residential
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
                                Distance (feet)
                                      70
                                     108
                                     107
             Source
          S. Third St.
           Market St.
           Fourth St.
Visible major point sources:
             Source
     Wheeling/Pittsburgh Steel - North
     Federal Paperboard (closed)
     Wheeling/Pittsburgh Sinter Plant, Coke Batteries
    Description
1021 Clean, Curbed
3300 Clean, Curbed
   9 Clean, Curbed
                                                          Direction
                                                             180
                                                              35
                                                             145
Air Quality Data:
              Year
              1977
              1978
                                       Geometric mean (yg/m3)
                                                105
                                                109
                                      114

-------
                                                         268-66
 1.
 2.
 3.
 4.
 5.
 6.
 7.
 8.
 9.
10.
11.
Unpaved
Unpaved
Cleared
Unpaved
Cleared
Cleared
Cleared
Unpaved
Cleared
Cleared
Cleared
lot 0.12 ac.
lot 0.20 ac.
area 0.02 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
area 0.36 ac,
area 0.04 ac.
area 0.16 ac.
lot 0.20 ac.
area 0.40 ac.
area 0.28 ac.
area 0.08 ac.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Cleared
Unpaved
Cleared
lot 0.08 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.30 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.12 ac.
area 0.12 ac.
lot 0.06 ac.
area 0.04 ac.
    One-quarter mile radius around Market Street, Steubenville, Ohio site.
                                     115

-------
                                                       268-67
One-mile radius around Market St.,  Steubenville site.
                      116

-------
Steubenville court house site, view to Southeast.
Steubenville court house site, view to Southwest,
                       117

-------
AREA SOURCE SUMi-ASV
Site:  Steubenville, Ohio - County  Court House    UTM N 4467551 E 00532238

Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad vards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Aggregate storage
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
Activitv
rate

1,960 h.u.


22,211 VMT



100.1 A
22,211 VMT

1.5 A
1.0 A
10 A
1.66 A

1

0.5
0.2

neg



0.2
0.1

neg


0.6

n
iL

0.6
neg





0.2






E
3

0.1
neg



16.0

0.3



1.4


mission
4

2.5
0.1





0.2





0.1
s by se
5

1.9
0.1





0.1





0.1
^ctor ,
6

0.3
neg

'



0.6




0.1

ton/yr
7

1.3
neg





0.6







8

6.0
0.2





0.7







9

6.0
0.2





0.1























                                                                                                                19.2
                                                                                                                __neg
                                                                                                                 3.0
                                                                                                                 0.1

                                                                                                                 neg
                                                                                                                 1.4_
                                                                                                                 °-_1
                                                                                                                 0.8
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
0.7
0.0
0.9
1.6
2 to 5
5.3
16.0
2.4
23.7
6 to 9
14.0
0.0
2.1
16.1
Total
20.0
16.0
5.4
41.4
Variable value
1
10.8
_
13.9
24.7
2 to 5
33.1
100.0
15.0
148.1
6 to 9
23.0
_
3.4
?fi A
Total
66.9
100.0
32.3
1QQ 9

-------
POINT SOURCE SUMMARY
                            DTP:  532.24 L  «  1*67.55  'I
      X
    (KM)
    534.30
    535.00
    535.00
    534.
-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-4420-001
Location - 501 Commercial St.,
           Mingo Junction, Ohio
Monitor Height - 20 ft
Site Elevation - 700 ft MSL

Land Use by Sector:
la.  Industrial
Ib.  Industrial
Ic.  Residential
Id.  Residential
2.    River
3.    Industrial
                                I-
       4.   Residential
       5.   Residential
       6.   Industrial/Residential
       7.   River/Industrial
       8.   Rural/Industrial
       9.   Residential/Rural
                                           Imile
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
             Source
         Commercial St.
           Potter St.
Visible major point sources:
             Source
     Wheeling/Pittsburgh Steel Co.
     Cardinal Power
     Wheeling/Pittsburgh Sinter Plant
Air Quality Data:
              Year
              1977
              1978
Distance (feet)
      97
      43
Description
  2110 ADT
  500* ADT
                          Direction
                             115
                             180
                             005
       Geometric mean (yg/m3)
                 131
                 131
                                       120

-------
                                                   268-69
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Cleared
Unpaved
Unpaved
Cleared
Unpaved
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.02 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.02 ac.
area 0.08 ac
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
area 0.04 ac
lot 0.04 ac.
                            11.
                            12.
                            13.
                            14.
                            15.
                            16.
                            17.
                            18.
                            19.
                            20.
Unpaved
Cleared
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Cleared
lot 0.02 ac.
area 0.04 ac.
lot 0.06 ac.
lot 0.08 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.08 ac.
lot 0.02 ac.
road 200 ft.
road 200 ft.
area 0.04 ac.
One-quarter mile radius around Mingo Junction,  Ohio site.
                           121

-------

                                                                sSi Ml ilUj-y,,  .'
                                                                 IL..-4  , \>"  1      J ^jg-^l

                                                               •v T--^ " jLj\l-""I"  Si^i*^  V   i
                                                                          c.  >\V  Hoove
                                                                          '  .:.••:'.'-. TT /i
              '•'  i:'"'-^ ^.'Deaudale , /:\   '^(tL.. ;,';;
'/>«%
                                                                            268-70


      One-mile radius around  Commercial  Street,  Mingo Junction  site.
                                          122

-------
           Commercial  Street, Mingo Junction  site, view to  Southeast,
Commercial Street, Mingo Junction site, view to East from North of monitor site.
                                      123

-------
      AREA SOURCE S'JMMARY
      Site:  Mingo Junction, Ohio   UTM N 4463381 E 00533394
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
Activity
rate

1,153 h.u.


26,154 VMT



146.0 A
26,152 VMT
1.5 VMT
5.2 A

0.2
3.33 A
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
1

2.9
0.1

neg



0.6
neg
neg
neg


0.3 .
2

neg
neg





0.3






3

0.0
0.0





0.3

"
0.1



4

2.0
0.1

neg



0.3
neg




0.3
5

1.9
0.1

neg



0.0
neg





6

1.6
0.1





1.0






7

0.7
neg



8

0.3
neg

neg



0.7







0.8
neg



neg
0.9

9

2.0
0.1

neg



0.4
neg






I

1













                                                                                                                      Total
N5
•t-
                                                                                                                      0.5
                                                                                                                      neg
                                                                                                                       4.4


                                                                                                                       ne8

                                                                                                                       neg

                                                                                                                       0.1
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
3.0
0.0
0.9
3.9
2 to 5
4.1
0.0
1.3
5.4
6 to 9
4.8
0.0
3.8
8.6
Total
11.9
0.0
6.0
17.9
Variable value
1
115.7
_
34.7
150.4
2 to 5
25.6
_
8.1
33.7
6 to 9
7.9
_
6.2
14.1
Total
149.2

49.0
198.2

-------
POINT SOURCE  SUMMARY

si?-:: MI" NGcTjuTJcT lo;]
                            UTfi:   :33.39  E »  446.3.38 N
      X
    (KM)
    534.30
    535.00
    535.00
    534.40
    533.00
    533.70
    534.00
    534.20
    529.50
    533.40
    534.60
    533.30
    533.60
    533.50
    533.80
    529.40
    530.00
    527.90
    532.50
    532.50
    533.50
    532.70
    533.00
   Y
 (KM)
4474.43
4473.80
4473.00
4474.10
4475.03
4474.53
4470.70
4474.20
4472.50
4465.50
4464.80
4453.90
4465.90
4465.80
4465.30
4454.90
4-455.80
4462.00
4462.60
4466.73
4463. 2D
4467.00
4477.50
«ISSION
(T/YR)
 3914.00
 47oc.03
  415.00
 1995.00
 1463.00
 2465.00
  2 6 7 . G 0
    5.00
   10.OC
  879.00
   17.00
   94.33
  949.00
 3039.00
  645.00
  149.00
38307.OC
 6213.00
   51.00
 1963.00
 2391.30
   16.03
   67.00
                                DISTANCE
                                                    SOURCE  MO.  s,  NAME
t • ? o
6.06
6.6 1
7.22
6.91
4 .56
6.74
6.16
1.32
1.16
2.79
1 .57
1.50
1.22
5.S3
5.16
3.52
0.74
2.13
0.13
2.29
b.78
OLG)
4.7
8.9
9.5
5.4
3C8.1
1 .6
4.7
4.3
336.9
0.2
40.4
161.2
4.7
2.5
12.0
205.2
204.1
255.9
223.9
344.9
150.0
349.1
358.4

1
?
J
4
5
i,
7
g
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
la
19
20
21
22
23
WLIRTC'J
•,'E.IRTOM
STAMCASD
STEiL/MTION
STEiL/NATION
STEIL/iMATION
STtiL/NATION
STEEL/MATION
          ;LAG  COMPAN
            IL  MILL S
IRON CTTY  SAND  &, GRA
KOPPiRS CO.
INTERNATIONAL  MILL S
BANNER FI6ER33ARD CO
WHEELING PITTSBURGH
WHELLIN3 PITTSBURGH
WHEELING PITTSBURGH
a U C K i Y E PjiJER
CARDINAL OPER.  COMP.
SATRALLOY  INC.
STANDARD SLAG  CO.
WHEELING-PITTSBURGH
WHtELINS-PITTSBURGH
NATIONAL STEEL/WEIRT
TITANIUM METALS
                                         125

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-3160-001
Location - 1004 Third Street,
           Brilliant, Ohio
UTM - N-4456800  E-00531400
Monitor Height - 17 ft
Site Elevation - 700 ft MSL

Land Use by Sector:
la.  Residential
Ib.  River/School
Ic.  Residential/Industrial
Id.  Rural/Residential
2.   Residential
3.   River
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
             Source
                                      (mile
       4.
       5.
       6.
       7.
     Industrial
     Rural
     Rural
     Rural
8.    Rural
9.    Rural
            Third St.

Visible major local sources:
             Source
        Ohio Ferro-Alloy (closed)
        Cardinal Power
        Buckeye Power
Air Quality Data:
              Year
              1977
              1978   '
Distance (feet)
      175
                  Description
             1000* ADT, Dirty w/unpaved
                        shoulder
                          Direction
                            225°
                            230°
                            225°
       Geometric mean (ug/m3)
                  93
                  75
                                      126

-------
                                                                   268-72
1.   Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
2.   Unpaved lot 0.08 ac.
3.   Unpaved road 300 ft.
4.   Cleared area 0.5 ac.
5.   Unpaved road 1200 ft.
6.   Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
 7.   Cleared area 0.08 ac.
 8.   Unpaved lot 0.08 ac.
 9.   Unpaved road 700 ft.
10.   Construction 0.08 ac/yr.
11.   Cleared area 0.04 ac.
12.   Unpaved road 400 ft.
13.   Unpaved road 500 ft.
             One-quarter mile radius around Brilliant, Ohio site.
                                     127

-------
                                                           268-73
One-mile radius around Third Street, Brilliant Ohio site.
                           128

-------
Third St., Brilliant, Ohio site, view to Southwest.
Third St., Brilliant, Ohio site,  view to Southeast.




                       129

-------
AREA SOURCE SUMIARY
Site:  Brilliant, Ohio   UTM N 4456800 E 00531400
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
Aggregate Storage
Activity
rate

491 h.u.


20,706 VMT



50.0 A
20,701 VMT
5.3 VMT
11.62 A
0.8 A
2.0 A
0.24 A
0.5 A

1

2.0
neg

neg


"
0.2
neg
neg
neg
0.2

0.1 .


T

1.2
neg

neg

Emissions by sector, ton/vr
3

-
-



T ~

0.1
neg

neg

0.2



0.1







4

0.7
neg

neg



0.1
neg

neg



0.7
5

0.2
neg




•
0.0







6
1
1
j
1
0.5
neg

neg



0.3
neg

0.1




! _
_


j
8

0.2
neg

neg



0.1








0.4
neg

0.1





9

neg
neg


Total

4.8
neg

neg




1
r —\ — - - - - -
0.0 1.3

neg
j neg





0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.7
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
2.0
0.0
0.5
2.5
2 to 5
2.1
0.0
1.2
3.3
6 to 9
0.7
0.0
1.0
1.7
Total
4.8
0.0
2.7
7.5
Variable value
1
90.8
_
22.7
113.5
2 to 5
13.1
_
7.5
20.6
6 to 9
1.2
_
1.6
2.8
Total
105.1
_
31.8
136.9

-------
POINT SOURC^ SUMMARY
                           UTM:   531.40  c.  »  4456.eo u
      x
    (KM)
    534.00
    529.50
    533.40
    534.60
    533.30
    533.60
    533.50
    533.80
    529.30
    529.40
    530.00
    527.90
    532.50
    525.40
    532.50
    533.50
    532.70
Y
/MISSION DISTANCE
( K f ) ( T / * S ) < '-1
4470
4472
4465
4464
445h
4465
4465
4465
4445
4454
4455
4462
4462
4445
4466
4453
4467
.70
.50
.50
.60
.90
.90
.30
.3C
.00
.90
.80
.00
.60
.40
.70
.20
.00
267
10
8?9
17
94
949
3039
b45
210
149
38007
6213
51
14°3
1963
23^1
16
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.CO
.00
.00
.00
6
9
5
5
1
D
^
5
7
1
1
3
3
i
6
4
6
I)
.79
.63
.55
.35
.76
.82
.74
.49
.45
.72
.07
.b9
.67
.01
.19
.18
.39
                                                   SOURCE NO. '< NAME
10.6
12.9
21.8
42.2
13.6
13.1
15. »
190.1
226.4
234.5
326.1
10.7
207.8
6.3
18.2
7.3
3
4
5
6
7
d
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
          STANDARD SLAS COMPAN
          IR3N CITY SAND & 3RA
          KOPPLRS CO.
          INTERNATIONAL "IILL S
          5ANNC° FIBER30ARO CO
          UH'.ILIMG PITTSBURGH
          'JHiELINS °ITT3BUR3H
          'JHC^LI'NS PITTSBURGH
          VHLLEY CA(-'P COAL NO.
          EUCKCYE: POJER
          CARDINAL OP:R. COMP.
          SATRALLOY IMC.
          STANDARD SLAG CO.
          WHEELIN3-FITTSPURGH
          WHEELING-PITTSBURGH
          WHCELI*G-PITTSBURGH
          NATIONAL STIiL/UEIRT
                                       131

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-3160-007
Location - Waterworks Building,
           Tiltonsville, Ohio
UTM - N-4446267  E-00525693
Monitor Height - 18 ft
Site Elevation - 690 ft MSL

Land Use by Sector:
la.  Commercial                        4.
Ib.  River                             5.
Ic.  Residential                       6.
Id.  Commercial/Residential            7.
2.   Industrial                        8.
3.   River/Industrial                  9.
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
             Source
                                            Industrial
                                            Rural
                                            Rural
                                            Rural
                                            Residential/Industrial
                                            Rural
           Market St.
         Grandview St.
              Rte 7
Visible major point sources:
             Source
     Wheeling/Pittsburgh Steel
Air Quality Data:
              Year
              1977
              1978
Distance (feet)
      32
      82
     250
Description
 1000 ADT
  500 ADT
 2390 ADT
                          Direction
                            200°
       Geometric mean  (yg/m3)
                  78
                  77
                                                                      Itnile
                                      132

-------
                                                                 268-75
1.   Unpaved road 100 ft.                6.
2.   Cleared area 0.20 ac.               7.
3.   Cleared area - piles  1.0 ac.        8.
A.   Cleared area 0.08 ac.               9.
5.   Cleared area 0.35 ac.              10.
Cleared area 1.0 ac.
Cleared area 1.5 ac.
Cleared area 0.16 ac.
Unpaved road 300 ft.
Cleared area 0.04 ac.
            One-quarter mile radius around Tiltonsville, Ohio site.
                                      133

-------
                                                          268-76
One-mile radius around Market Street,  Tiltonsville  site.
                           134

-------
Tiltonsville Waterworks building site, view to East.
Tiltonsville Waterworks building site, view to North.
                         135

-------
     Site:  Tiltonsville,  Ohio   UTM N 4446267  E 00525693
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Aggregate storage
Unpaved pkg lots
Activity
rate

785 h.u.


9,282 VMT

Emissions by sector, ton/yr
1

2.8
neg 	 ,

neg



39.5 A
9,282 VMT
1.5 VMT
6.58 A

2.25 A

r~
0.1
neg
neg
0.1


.
2

0.9
v^K

neg



neg_
neg

neg_



3

0.0
0.0



4

0.7
neg

neg

T
5 5
i
neg
neg
1.1
neg

neg neg


.).... .
4 	 	
! O.li 0.1 0.2
' 1 1
I neg
!
	 i




neg

0.4

neg
neg
I








! 7

0,0
0.0

8

1.8
neg




0.4








0.2




2.8

9

0.3
neg


Total

-J-JL.
neg

neg



neg








1.1
ne_£
neg
0.1

3.2

U)
ON
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
2.8
0.0
0.2
3.0
2 to 5
1.6
0.0
0.6
2.2
6 to 9
3.2
0.0
3.6
6.8
Total
7.6
0.0
4.4
12.0
Variable value
1 ^
120.0
_
8.6
128.6
2 to 5
10.0
_
3.8
13.8
6 to 9
5.3
_
5.9
11.2
Total
135.3
_
18.3
153.6

-------
POINT SOURCE SUMMARY
                                  525.69 :  t 4116.27
    533.30
    523.70
    524.23
    525.20
    529.30
    523. 40
    524.70
    522.70
    529.10
    520.00
    527.90
    525.10
Y
(KM)
115d.90
1431.20
''Ufa. 10
"138.90
1445.00
4424.60
4439.23
4431.90
4454.90
4455.80
4462.00
4445.10
'-MISSION
(T/YK)
=•4 .00
7H.OO
fc.OO
13.00
210.00
96.00
1265.00
1.00
119.00
38007.00
6213.00
1453.00
DISTANCE
(HI)
9.16
7.6C
6.37
1.J9
2.38
7.39
4 .13
9.12
5.64
6.50
9.87
0.57
A M r L
OEG
31
189
Io7
1P3
109
1 Ql
136
191
23
24
8
198
r
)
.1
.4
.8
.8
.3
.1
.0
.8
.2
.3
.0
.7
SOU

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
6
5
10
11
12
:-:  MO. x NAME

 3*1-1 NCR FI3LRBOARD CO
 OHIO VALLLY HOSPITAL
 -LAU K\OX PENINSULA
 CENTRE FOUNDRY
 VALLEY CAf-.P COAL NO.
 VALLEY CA"P COAL NO.
 UH>£LIt,'G-PITTS3URGH
 TRI STATE ASPHALT
 ?UCKEYE POWER
 CARDINAL OPER. COMP.
 SATRALLOY INC.
 JHELLING-PITTSBURGH
                                        137

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-3980-002
Location - South Fifth Street,
           Martins Ferry, Ohio
UTM - N-4438221  E-00523385
Monitor Height - 30 ft on City Hall roof
Site Elevation - 700 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la.  Residential/Commercial
Ib.  Commercial
Ic.  Residential
Id.  Residential/Commercial
2.   Residential/Commercial
3.   Rural/Residential
       4.
       5.
       6,
       7.
       8.
       9,
Residential
Rural/Residential
Industrial
Rural
Residential/Rural
Rural/Residential
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
             Source
          Fifth Street
          Walnut Street
          Zane Highway
Visible major point sources:
             Source
     Wheeling/Pittsburgh Steel
Air Quality Data:
              Year
              1977
              1978
Distance (feet)
      47
      55
     192
             Descritption
       3220 ADT, "Clean" Street
       1000* ADT, "Clean" Street
       5660 ADT, "Clean" Street
                          Direction
                             055
       Geometric mean  (ug/m3)
                 73
                 76
                                       138

-------
                                                                268-78
1.   Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
2.   Cleared area 0.06 ac.
3.   Unpaved road 100 ft.
4.   Unpaved lot 0.08 ac.
5.   Unpaved road 100 ft.
6.   Unpaved lot 0.08 ac.
7.   Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
 8.  Unpaved lot 0.12 ac.
 9.  Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
10.  Cleared area 0.06 ac.
11.  Cleared area 0.02 ac.
12.  Cleared area 0.08 ac.
13.  Unpaved lot 0.08 ac.
14.  Unpaved lot 0.12 ac.
15.  Construction 0.16 ac/yr,
            One-quarter mile radius around Martins Ferry,  Ohio site.
                                       139

-------
«•    •  .-.0,  <--  -
  o
 •H

 o
  J-l
  ^1
  0)
 0)

 •H
 S
 •H
 cn
 0)
 
-------
South Fifth Street, Martins Ferry, Ohio, view to East.
South Fifth Street, Martins Ferry, Ohio, view to South.
                           141

-------
Site:   Martins Ferry, Ohio   UTM N 4438221 E 00523385
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
Activity
rate

2,728 h.u.


29,140 VMT



75.5 A
29,139 VMT
0.75 VMT
0.5 A
0.16 A

0.92 A
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
I

7.1
0.1

neg_



0.3
0.1
neg
neg
0.4

0.3 ,
2

3.4
neg

neg



0.1
|_ neg 	




0.1
3




neg
4

7.4
0.1

neg
i
1
•

0.3
neg
1 	






0.2
neg

neg_



5

2.2
neg

6

3.8
neg

neg j neg





r
0.4
neg

n§S_



neg





7

1.3
neg



8

8.0
0.1

neg

0.5

0.5







0.3
neg






9

1.8
neg



Total

35.0
0.3

nee _
i
1 0.5









2.1
0.1
ne£ .
neg.
0.4

0.4
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
7.2
0.0
1.1
8.3
2 to 5
13.1
0.0
0.7
13.8
6 to 9
15.0
0.5
1.2
16.7
Total
35.3
0.5
3.0
38.8
Variable value
1
185.2
_
28.3
213.5
2 to 5
81.9
_ p
4.4
86.3
6 to 9
24.7
0.8
2.0
27.5
Total
291.8
0.8
34.7
327.3

-------
POINT SOURCE SUMhARY
S!TE:      '~
                           U T (* :  523.39  E  i  4438.22  'J
      X
    (KM)
    523.70
    524.30
    525.20
    523.33
    523.40
    522.50
    523.10
    524.70
    522.70
    525.40
Y
«,")
4434 .20
4436.10
4438.90
4445.00
4434.60
44">b.90
4430.03
4439.20
4431.90
4445.40
-MISSION
(T/VR)
7P.OO
6.00
13.90
21 0.00
} fc . 0 G
i H . •: o
P 1 .00
1265.00
4.00
1493.00
DISTANC
("I!)
2.51
1.44
1.20
5.59
2.2C-
5.42
5.11
1.02
3.95
4.63
                                                   SOURCE.  NO.  i
COTS
 175
 156

  41
 179
 1°,5
 1C2
  53
 Id6
  15
)
.5
.7

.1
.3
.4
.0
.4
.2
.7
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
OHIO V;LL;Y HOSPITAL
=LAW KMOX PEMINSULA
C£\TRt FOUNDRY
VALLEY CA^P COAL NO.
VALLEY CAMP COAL NO*
:-_;\iwoo: LI
WHEELING -PITTSBURGH
TRI STUE ASPHALT
WHEELirj3-cITTSBURGH
                                         143

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-6100-001
Location - East 39fc  Street,
           Shadyside, Ohio
Monitor Height - 30 ft on fire station roof
Site Elevation - 690 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la.  Residential/Commercial
Ib.  Residential
Ic.  Residential/Commercial
Id.  Residential
2.   Rural
3.   River/Rural
       4.   Residential
       5.   Rural/Residential
       6.   Rural
       7.   Rural/Residential
       8.   Rural
       9.   Rural
                               0 '/«  '/,
                     Imile
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
             Source
           39th Street
         Central Street

Visible major point sources:
             Source
             (None)
Air Quality Data:
              Year
              1977
              1978
Distance (feet)
      31

     104
     Description
1000* ADT, Side Street
           Uncurbed
12,760 ADT, Commercial
            Clean
                          Direction
                            (None)
       Geometric Mean  (yg/m3)
                  92
                  80
                                       144

-------
                                                             268-81
 1.   Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
 2.   Unpaved road 800 ft.
 3.   Unpaved lot 0.08 ac.
 4.   Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
 5.   Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
 6.   Unpaved road 150 ft.
 7.   Unpaved road 600 ft.
 8.   Unpaved road 100 ft.
 9.   Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
10.   Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
11.   Cleared area 0.08 ac,
12.   Unpaved road 200 ft.
13.   Cleared area 0.04 ac.
14.   Unpaved road 600 ft.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
.— -^ —
'Unpaved
Cleared
Cleared
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Cleared
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
road
area
area
lot
lot
lot
lot
road
lot
road
area
road
lot
road
lot
,


0
0
0
0

0



0

0
100
0.06
0.04
.04
.04
.02
.04
200
.12
400
0.16
400
.08
300
.08
ft.
ac
ac
ac.
ac.
ac.
ac.
ft.
ac.
ft.
ac
ft.
ac.
ft.
ac.
              One-quarter mile radius around Shadyside, Ohio site.
                                      145

-------
q,
 AC
 6£
              £$7 l'<\".£':
              "/^ /   ! ' 'IK-:
              / f i I  i , r i I i '

-------
East 39   Street, Shadyside, Ohio, view to East.
East 39fc  Street, Shadyside, Ohio, view to North.
                    147

-------
     AREA  iOURCE  SUMMARY
     Site:   Shadyside, Ohio   UTM N 4424385 E 00521461
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
INTD PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
Activity
rate

1,875 h.u.


17,196 VMT



52.6 A
17,196 VMT
25.7 VMT
0.62 A


0.7 A
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
1

6.7
0.1

neg



0.1
neg
neg
_ ne_^


0.3 .
<-»
Z.

2.1
neg

neg



0.1
neg_
neg




3

—
	





0.1






4

5.7
0.1

neg



0.1
neg

neg



5

2.8
neg





_






6

1.2
ne%

neg



0.4
neg





7

1.5
neg





0.3






8

2.8
neg

neg



0.3
neg






9

1.4
neg





_

nee





Ic.al

24.2
0.2

neg



1.4
	 .ne_g__
neg_
neg^


0.3 .
.(S
oo
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
6.8
0.0
0.4
7.2
2 to 5
10.7
0.0
0.3
11.0
6 to 9
6.9
0.0
1.0
7.9
Total
24.4
0.0
1.7
26.1
Variable value
1
174.9
_
10.3
185.2
2 to 5
66.9
_
1.9
68.8
6 to 9
11.3

1.6
12.9
Total
253.1

13.8
266.9

-------
POINT SOURCt SUMMARY
                           UTK:  521.46 z » 4424.39  \
      X
    (KM)
    523.70
    524.30
    525.20
    523.to
    515.50
    522.50
    516.70
    520.90
    523.10
    522.30
    521.00
    521.70
    522.70
    520.50
Y
(KM)
4434 .20
4436.10
4438.90
4434.60
4410.50
442&.90
4417.00
4420.30
4430.00
4419.40
4417.20
4439.20
4431.90
4417.50
r-MISCIO\ 3ISTAUCE
(T/yf<>
76.00
6.30
13.00
S6.00
13H40 .90
1 8 . 3 G
313.00
50.00
21.00
7.00
23.00
1 2 6 5 . 0 G
4.03
23125.00
(MI)
£.25
7.49
9.31
6.46
9. 39
2 . o 8
5.46
2.56
3.63
3.1"
4.49
9.42
4.73
4.32
AMGLl
C)IG)
12.9
13.6
14.4
10.7
203.2
13.0
212.8
1*7, &
16.3
170.5
183.7
12.3
9.4
187.9
SOU

1
2
T
4
<:,
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
SOURCE NO. f, MAKE

     nHIO ViLLEY HOSPITAL
     SLAW KKOX PENINSULA
     CiNTRt FCUN3"Y
     VALLEY CAMP COAL NO.
     KAMMPR POWER STATION
     JHCELINS-^ITTSailRGH
     ALLIED CHtMICAL-SOUT
     TRIANGLE P.J.C. INC.
     BEnUDOD LIMESTONE
     FOSTORIA GLASS
     TRI-STATE ASPHALT
     WHEELIM3-PITTSBUR3H
     TRI  STATE ASPHALT
     OHIO E^ISON/R.E.BURG
                                         149

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-0540-002
Location - Second Street,
           Powhatan Point, Ohio
UTM - N-4411916  E-00516535
Monitor Height - 20 ft on Elementary school roof
Site Elevation - 640 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la.  Commercial/Residential
Ib.  Commercial
Ic.  Commercial/Industrial
Id.  Commercial
2.   Residential
3.   River/Rural
                                                                        Imile
       4.   Slag Dump
       5.   Residential
       6.   Residential
       7.   Rural
       8.   Industrial/Residential
       9.   Rural
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
             Source
          Second Street
              Rte 7
Visible major point sources:
             Source
          Kammer Power
        Mountineer Carbon
         Mitchell Power
Air Quality Data:
              Year
              1977
              1978
Distance (feet)
      83
     200
     Description
1000* ADT,  Dirty, Uncurbed
      5880  ADT
                          Direction
                             215
                             205
                             185
       Geometric mean (yg/m3)
                 100
                  97
                                      150

-------
                                                                   268-84
1.   Cleared area 0.04 ac.
2.   Unpaved road 150 ft.
3.   Cleared area 1.5 ac.
4.   Sand piles 0.16 ac.
5.   Cleared area 1.5 ac.
6.   Unpaved road 700 ft.
 7.  Cleared area 2.5 ac.
 8.  Cleared area 0.32 ac.
 9.  Unpaved road 100 ft.
10.  Unpaved road 250 ft.
11.  Unpaved lot 0.02 ac.
12.  Cleared area 0.04 ac.
13.  Unpaved lot 0.02 ac.
           One-quarter mile radius around Powhatan Point,  Ohio site.
                                      151

-------
                                                         Island
Mine
"*"*«*&'.. '...'
'" ~~ ~~ ~ <
/ -"• - ,
Vx
\ \
\ V
646 / \ - ^"
,f^;~*« • .*. \ -if

/ '"""""'- •-.-
/ 2 •;--;•
/ .' 	 	
' • ••;/
I ,-"" >^

• >s •
-. •' '-•'.*? •• •
t-&^ /
o <^ "T- -^


* i • .* • »
• * * ° ,* *
• . .*
                                                            Light /;

                                                      6';"
                                                      ^J1-.

                                                      |^   &«

                                                      %£
                                                      i "
                                                                        L C
                                                              268-85
                              152

-------
Second Street, Powhatan Point site,  view to West
Second Street,  Powhatan Point site,  view to South.
                      153

-------
Powhattan Point,, Ohio   UTM N 44119:16 E 00516536
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/lnd fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
INI) PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Aggregate storage
Unpaved pkg lots
Ac ti'/i ty
rate

567 h.u.

emissions by sector, ton/yr
1

1.1
neg
i
2

1.3
neg

14,791 VMT neg j neg

1

56.0
14,787 VMT
4.54 Com VMT
15.4 A
1.0 A
2.16 A
0.04 A

0.1
0.1
neg
0.1

0.2
neg .



0.1
neg





3




4

0.2
neg

neg



0.2


" ' '
__.


5

1.3
neg

6 ! 7

1.9
neg

i
neg neg
- - |~
1

i

0.2
neg

0.1
2.5
1.4

"
0.1 0.2
neg j neg
'
neg ,
1






0.1
neg

8

1.3
neg

}
i neg
.. _ _j. -
___)

0.1 0.4
neg






neg

1.4

9

0.4
neg

Total

7.6
neg

neg neg
i
1 "
1
t
0.2 j 1.6
neg





0.1
neg
0.2
2.5
3.0
neg
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
1.1
0.0
0.5
1.6
2 to 5
2.8
0.0
l 4.6
7.4
6 to 9
3.7
0.0
2.3
6.0
Total
7.6
0.0
7.4
1 s.n
Variable value
1
42.4
—
19.3
fil 7
2 to 5
17.5
_
28.8
/,6 -3
6 to 9
6.1
	
3.8
Q O
Total
66.0
	
51.9
11-7 Q

-------
POINT SOURCE: SUMMARY
                           UTM:
X
(KM)
515. bO
515.70
516.70
514.70
512.20
515.50
520.90
515.70
522.30
515.30
521 .00
520.50
514.70
515.00
511.50
Y
«!>,)
4*10.50
4406.70
4417.00
4337.20
4400.23
4403.50
4420.30
4408.60
4419.40
4405.30
4417.20
4417.50
4405.40
4396.50
4397.50
EMISSION
(T/YR)
13840.00
12834.00
313.00
/ 1 . 0 0
297.00
34.00
50.00
1^9.00
7.00
2£.00
23.00
23125.00
54.00
556.00
44.00
DISTANCE
(MI)
1.09
2.06
3.16
3.21
7.76
1.63
5.87
2.12
5.87
4.18
4.30
4.26
4.21
9.63
9.49
ANGLE
O':G>
216.2
194.6
1.8
1 k 1 . 1
250.3
2^3.2
27.5
194.2
37.6
150.6
40.2
35.4
195.7
185.7
199.3
SOURC

1
2
3
4
5
b
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
i NO. * NA^i

KAMKER POWER STATION
MITCHELL POUER PLANT
ALLIED CHEMICAL-SOOT
MO? AY CHEMICAL CORP.
PPG INDUSTRIES
MOUNTAINEt" C4REON C
TRIANGLE P.U.C. INC.
H.B. RLE:D co.
FOSTORIA GLASS
CITES SERVICE CO.
TRI-STATE ASPHALT
OHIO EDISOK/R.E.SURG
OHIO FERRO ALLOYS
CONSOLIDATED ALUMINU
5UARTO MINING CO.
                                      155

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-4460-001
Location - State Rd No. 7,
           Clarington, Ohio
UTM - N4401654  E-00511674
Monitor Height - 20 ft
Site Elevation - 640 ft MSL

Land Use by Sector:
la.  Industrial
Ib.  Industrial/River
Ic.  Residential
Id.  Rural
2.   Commercial/Residential
3.   Industrial
                                         I mile
       4.
       5.
       6.
       7.
       8.
       9.
Residential
Rural
Residential
Residential
Rural/Residential
Rural
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
             Source
              Rt. 7
             Rt. 556
Visible major point sources:
             Source
         PPG Industries
        Ohio Ferro-Alloy
         Mitchell Power
Air Quality Data:
              Year
              1977
              1978
Distance (feet)
      90
      77
             Description
       3880 Dirty, unpaved shoulders
       520 Dirty, unpaved shoulders


              Direction
                 145
                 045
                 360
       Geometric mean (yg/m3)
                  86
                  83
                                      156

-------
                                                           268-87
1.   Unpaved road 200 ft.
2.   Cleared area 0.2 ac.
3.   Unpaved road 300 ft.
4.   Cleared area 0.12 ac.
             One-quarter mile radius around Clarington, Ohio site.
                                      157

-------
                                                         268-88
One
-mile radius around State Rt.  No.  7,  Clarington site.
                         158

-------
State Route No.  7,  Clarington site,  view to North.
State Route No. 7, Clarington site, view to South.
                      159

-------
    AREA  SOURCE  SUMMARY
    Site:   Clarington,  Ohio   UTM N 4401654  E  00511077
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
Activity
rate

292 h.u.


9,225 VMT



42.9 A
9,225 VMT
1.89 VMT
5.32 A




1

0.3


neg



0.2
neg
neg
neg


.

2

0.1


neg



0.1
neg





Emissions by sector, ton/yr
3

0.1






0.1






4

0.4


neg



0.1
neg





5

neg













6

0.5


neg



0.4
neg

0.1



7

0.2






0.2






8

0.1


neg



0.1
neg






9

neg














Total

1.7


neg



1.2
neg
neg
0.1



OS
o
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.5
2 to 5
0.6
0.0
0.3
0.9
6 to 9
0.8
0.0
0.8
1.6
Total
1.7
0.0
1.3
3.0
Variable value
1
11.6
	
7.8
19.4
2 to 5
3.7
_
1.9
5.6
6 to 9
1.3
_
1.3
2.6
Total
16.6
_
11.0
27.6

-------
POINT SOURCE SUMMARY
                            U T y:   511.08 £ , 4401.65  f»
    515.5Q
    515.70
    514.70
    512.20
    515.50
    515.70
    515.JO
    514.70
    515.00
    515.00
    511.50
( K")
4410 .50
4408.70
4397.20
4400.20
4409 .50
440S.60
4405.30
4405.40
4395.00
4396.50
4 3 9 7 ."5 0
(T/YK)
13840.00
12834.00
91.00
297.00
^4.00
1 3 9 . J 0
2ft. 00
5^.00
1S55.00
556.00
44.00
IISTA
  (MI
   6.
   5.
   3.
   1.
   3.
   3.
   4.
   4
N:L
)
15
24
57
14
60

47
24
•sO
02
AN'L
Cc G
  ?6
  33
 140
 142

  33
  49
  44
 149
 142
 174
                                                    S?URC£  ;N/0.  S  NAME
)
.6
.3
.9
.6
. 2
.0
.5
.7
.2
 1  K4MMCR POWER  STATION
 2  MITCHELL = OU£R  PLANT
 3  «OP \Y CHEMICAL  COR=.
 4  DPC INDUSTRIiS
 5  "OUNTl INFFS C4RBOIJ  C

 7  CITES SERVICE CO.
 S  OHIO FERRO ALLOYS
 9  OR'-'FT COP=.
1C  CONSOLIDATED  ALUMINU
11  QUARTO MINING CO.
                                         161

-------
 DESCRIPTION OF SITE
 SAROAD Code - 36-4460-002
 Location - High School,
            Hannibal,  Ohio
 UTM -  N-4391423  E-00511077
 Monitor Height - 20 ft
Site Elevation - 700 ft MSL

 Land Use by Sector:
 la.  Residential                       4.
 Ib.  Residential                       5.
 Ic.  Residential                       6.
 Id.  Rural                             7.
 2.   River                             8.
 3.   Residential/River                  9.
 Localized sources within 200  ft  of  monitor:
              Source
                              I	I
                            0 'A  V,
            Residential
            Rural
            Residential/Commercial
            Residential
            Residential
            Rural
       High School  Hill  Rd.
 Visible major point  sources:
              Source
         Canalco  Aluminum
            Ormet Corp.
               PPG
 Air Quality Data:
               Year
               1977
               1978
Distance (feet)
      100
Description
 *200 ADT
                          Direction
                             360°
                             050°
                             360°
       Geometric mean  (yg/m^)
                  54
                  61
             Imile
                                      162

-------
                                                                 268-90
1.   Cleared area 0.12 ac.
2.   Cleared area 0.20 ac.
3.   Unpaved road 200 ft.
4.   Unpaved lot 0.16 ac.
5.   Cleared area 1.0 ac.
6.   Construction 0.25 ac.
7.   Cleared area 0.75 ac.
8.   Construction 0.12 ac.
              One-quarter mile radius around Hannibal, Ohio site.
                                      163

-------

                                     4^Mi -  *- 'b*-^^
                                     ? •''  •
                                    •  v  A^CCel'//?^
                                                  268-91
Mile  radius around High School Hill Rd., Hannibal site.
                      164

-------
Hannibal High School site, view to East.
Hannibal High School site, view to West,
                 165

-------
Site:   Hannibal, Ohio   UTM N  4391423  E 00511077
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Cornir/lnd fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
Activity
rate

455 h.u.


20,000 VMT


FUGITIVE Dl'SI : i
Railroad vards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Aggregate storage
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
22.7 A
20,000 VMT
0.75 VMT
2.57 A
0.75 A
1.0 A
0.16 A
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
1

0.3


2




neg J neg




n§£
neg
neg
0.9

0.1 ,



0.1 _j
neg _j

neg

1.4

3

0.2


••>

0.3


neg



5 | 6 I 7

neg
}
1.1
(


1
neg
\~ -L
T
1
1 1
0.1

" "
. n_e_g_^_
j
neg



1.0



I 0.2
j neg
i
i
i . -








0.3


neg
8

0.3






0.3
. neg













9

neg




























                                                                                                                To c s.1
                                                                                                                 2.5
                                                                                                            	neg
                                                                                                                 Q.7.
                                                                                                                 neg
                                                                                                                 neg
                                                                                                                 0.1
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
0.3
0.0
1.0
1.3
2 to 5
0.5
0.0
2.6
3.1
6 to 9
1.7
0.0
0.5
2.2
Total
2.5
0.0
4.1
6.6
Variable value
1
11.6
_
38.6
50.2
2 to 5
3.1
_
16.3
19.4
6 to 9
2.8
—
0.8
3.6
Total
17.5
-
55.7
73.2

-------
POINT SOURCE  SUMMARY
                            U T i':   511.67  L  » 4391.42 ,\'
    (KM)
    514.70
    512.2C
    515.30
    514.70
    515.00
    515.00
    511.50
                      -MISSION  OISTANCE.
4397.20
4400.20
4405.30
4405.40
439^,.00
439S.50
4397.50
(T/Y-U
   =11.00
  297.00
   54.00
  55fa .OC
   44.00
(II)
 4 .05
 5.46
 8.91
 8.69
 3.04
 3.77
 3.7g
                                             AMSLt.  SOJP.Cc.  NO.
 ?7.6
  3.4
 14 .6
 12.2
 42.5
 T3.2
3 r H . 4
      CHEMICAL  CORP.
P&S INDUSTRIES
CIT;S SERVICE  co.
OHIO FF.RRO  ALLOYS
OR'lLT COR?.
CONSOLIDATED ALUMNU
•5U4RTO MININ3  CO.
                                         167

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 50-1240-001
Location - 7th and Tomlinson Ave,
           Moundsville, West Virginia
UTM - N-4418500  E-00521850
Monitor Height - 25 ft on grade school roof
Site Elevation - 690 ft MSL
                                                                        Imile
Land Use by Sector:
la.  Commercial/Residential
Ib.  Residential/Prison
Ic.  Residential/Commercial
Id.  Commercial/Residential
2.   Residential
3.   Residential
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
             Source
       4.   Commercial
       5.   Commercial/Residential
       6.   Residential
       7.   Rural/Prison Farms
       8.   Industrial/River
       9.   Rural/Mine/Tipples
         Tomlinson Street
         Seventh Street
Visible major point sources:
             Source
          Mine, Tipples
     Ohio Edison, Burger Plant
Air Quality Data:
              Year
              1977
              1978
Distance (feet)
      136
      152
      Description
2000* ADT, Dirty but Curbed
 5398 ADT, Dirty but Curbed
                          Direction
                            310°
                            235°
       Geometric mean (yg/m3)
                  76
                 114
                                      168

-------
                                                                  268-93
1.   Construction 0.04 ac/yr.
2.   Unpaved lot 0.08 ac.
3.   Unpaved road 100 ft.
4.   Unpaved road 200 ft.
5.   Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
6.   Unpaved lot 0.16 ac.
7.   Cleared area 0.16 ac.
8.   Cleared area 0.04 ac.
9.   Cleared area 0.12 ac.
       One-quarter mile radius around Moundsville, West Virginia site.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Cleared
Cleared
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
area 0.04 ac.
area 0.08 ac.
road 300 ft.
lot 0.04 ac.
road 300 ft.
road 300 ft.
road 200 ft.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.24 ac.
                                      169

-------
                                                        268-94
One-mile radius around Seventh and Tomlinson Avenue site,
Moundsville, West Virginia.
                         170

-------
Moundsville grade school site, view to East,
Moundsville grade school site, view to South.
                  171

-------
AREA SOURCE SUMMARY
Site: Moundsville, West Virginia   UTM N 4418500 E 00521850
Source Categorv
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comra/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Aggregate storage
Unpaved pkg lots
Activity
rate

1,967 h.u.


8,056 VMT



53.3 A
8,056 VMT
8.7 VMT
5.28 A
0.04 A
0.5 A
6.96 A

1

2.3
1.6

neg

11.0


neg
neg
neg
0.1

0.3 .

2

2.1
1.4











1.4
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
3

0.9
0.7

neg



0.1
neg
neg



neg
4

0.3
0.2





0.3





neg
5

0.3
0.2





0.2

neg



neg
6

2.1
1.4



21.5







0.5
7

0.2
0.1

neg



0.2
neg

neg

0.4
0.9
8

0.2
0.1





0.4


neg




9

0.2
0.1

neg

20.0

0.5
neg

neg

0.4


Total

8.6
5.8

neg

52.5

1.7
neg
neg
neg
0.1
0.8
3.1
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
3.9
11.0
0.4
15.3
2 to 5
6.1
0.0
2.0
8.1
6 to 9
4.4
41.5
3.3
49.2
Total
14.4
52.5
5.7
72.6
Variable value
1
120.4
339.5
12.3
472.2
2 to 5
38.1
_
12.5
50.6
6 to 9
7.2
68.2
5.4
80.8
Total
165.7
407.7
30.2
603.6

-------
POINT SOUR
SITE:
           E  SUMMARY
                           UT-
                                        i  t  4416.50  M
X
(KM)
523.70
515.50
515.70
522.50
516.70
515.50
520.90
523.10
515.70
522.30
515.30
521.00
522.70
520.50
514.70
Y
< K K )
4434.20
4410.50
4438.70
4428.90
4417.00
4409.50
4420.30
4430 .00
4408.60
4419.40
4405.30
4417.20
4431.90
441-7.50
4405.40
[.MISSION
(T/YR)
76. OC
13840.00
12d34.CO
lo.OO
313.00
=14.00
50.00
21.00
189.00
7.00
28.00
23.00
4.00
23125.00
54.00
DISTANCE
(MI)
9.82
6.35
7.19
fr .47
3.33
6.84
1.27
7.19
7.24
0.62
9.16
0.97
b.34
1.04
9.27
ANGLE"
Oc 3)
6.7
218.4
212.1
3.6
2 = 3.8
215.2
332.2
6.2
211.9
26.6
206.4
213.2
3.6
233.5
2C8 .6
SOURC

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
e
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1 NO. t NAME

OHIO V;LLEY HOSPITAL
KfeMMtR POWER STATION
"ITCHELL POWER PLANT
WHFELIMG-eiTTSBURGH
ALLIED CHEHIC4L-SOUT
MOUNTAINEER CARBON C
TRIANGLE P.W.C. INC.
'•iEN'./Oin LIMiSTONc.
H.1^. REED CO.
FOSTORIA GLASS
CITES SERVICE CO.
TRI-ST6TE ASPHALT
TRI STATE ASPHALT
OHIO EOISCN/R.E.SURG
OKIO PERRO ALLOYS
                                       173

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 50-2040-003
Location - Route No. 2,
           Wellsburg, West Virginia
UTM - N-4460000  E-00533215
Monitor Height - 20 ft
Site Elevation - 680 ft MSL

Land Use by Sector:
la.  Rural/Residential
Ib.  Residential/Commercial
Ic.  Residential/Industrial
Id.  River
2.   Rural/Residential
3.   Residential/Commercial
       4.   Industrial/River
       5.   Industrial/River
       6.   Rural
       7.   Rural/Residential
       8.   Industrial/Commercial
       9.   Industrial/Residential
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
             Source
           Route No. 2
Visible major point sources:
             Source
       Banner Fibre Board
     Ohio Power - Tidd Station (closed)
Air Quality Data:
              Year
              1977
              1978
Distance (feet)
      162
                                        Imile
     Description
11,752 ADT, Unpaved Shoulders


      Direction
        180°
        215°
       Geometric mean (yig/m3)
                  91
                  82
                                       174

-------
 1.   Cleared area (gravel piles)
     0.28 ac.
 2.   Cleared area 0.12 ac.
 3.   Cleared area and coal and
     sand storage 1.0 ac.
 4.   Unpaved lot 0.16 ac.
 5.   Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
 6.   Cleared area 0.08 ac.
 7.   Construction 0.12 ac/yr.
 8.   Unpaved lot 0.12 ac.
 9.   Unpaved lot 0.16 ac.
10.   Unpaved lot 0.06 ac.
11.   Unpaved road 200 ft.
12.  Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
13.  Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
14.  Unpaved road 100 ft.
15.  Construction 0.12 ac/yr,
16.  Unpaved lot 0.08 ac.
17.  Unpaved road 100 ft.
18.  Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
19.  Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
20.  Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
21.  Cleared area 0.6 ac.
22.  Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
23.  Unpaved road 200 ft.
        One-quarter mile radius around Wellsburg,  West Virginia site.
                                       175

-------
-SM','N;E:S
          .
-------
Wellsburg highway department garage site, view to East
Wellsburg highway department garage site, view to North.
                        177

-------
     AREA SOURCE SUMMARY
     Site:  Wellsburg,  West Virginia   UTM N  4460000  E  00533215
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Conim/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
1KB PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad vards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
Activity
rate

945 h.u.






125.1 A

6.06 VMT
2.08 A
0.24 A

0.86 A
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
1

1.2
0.7





0.2

neg
neg
0.6

0.4
2

0.5
0.4





0.1






3

1.1
0.5







neg




4

2.0
1.1





0.2






5








0.7






6

0.4
0.2





0.3






7

1.4
0.7





0.2







8

1.4
0.7





0.7







9

1.2
0.7





1.4







Total

9.2
5.0





3.8

neg
neg
0.6

0.4
--J
00
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
1.9
0.0
1.2
3.1
2 to 5
5.6
0.0
1.0
6.6
6 to 9
6.7
0.0
2.6
9.3
Total
14.2
0.0
4.8
19.0
Variable value
1
73.3
	
46.3
119.6
2 to 5
35.0
_
6.2
41.2
6 to 9
11.0
_
4.3
15.3
Total
119.3
_
56.8
176.1

-------
POINT SOURCE SUMMARY
                            LIT'*:   533.22  El »  4460.00 N
      X
    (KM)
    534.30
    535.00
    535.00
    534.40
    533.00
    533.70
    534.00
    534.20
    529.50
    533.40
    534.60
    533.3C
    533.60
    533.50
    533.80
    529.30
    529.40
    530.00
    527.90
    532.50
    532.50
    533.50
    532.70
Y
(KM)
4474.40
4473.80
4473.00
4474.10
4475.00
4474.50
4470.70
4474.20
4472.50
4465.50
4464.80
4458.90
4465.90
4465.80
4465.30
4445.00
4454.90
4455.80
4462.00
4462.60
4466.70
4463.20
4467.00
-MISSION
( T/VR)
3914.00
4786.00
415.00
1995.00
1463.00
2465.00
267.30
5.00
10.00
879.00
17.00
94.00
9*9.00
3039.00
645.00
210.00
149.00
38007.00
6213.00
51.00
1963.00
2391.00
16.00
DISTANCE
(Ml )
8.97
8.65
8.15
8.79
9.32
9.02
6.67
8.84
8.10
3.42
3.10
0.6°
3.67
3.61
3.31
9.63
3.96
3.29
3.53
1.68
4.15
2.00
4.36
AMOLt
O;G>
4.3
7.4
7.8
4.8
359.2
1 .9
4.2
4.0
343.4
1.9
16.1
175.6
3.7
2.8
6.3
194.6
216.8
217.4
2^0.6
344.6
353.9
5.1
355.8
SOURC

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
E NO. 1 NAf»E

W£IRTOM STEEL/NATION
WEIFlTON STEEL/NATION
.JEIRTON STEEL/NATION
«'EIRTON STEEL/NATION
JtlRTON STEEL/NATION
WEIRTO"J STEEL/.'JATION
STANDARD SLA3 COPIPAN
INTERNATIONAL MILL S
IRON CITY SA'MO & GRA
KOPPERS CO.
INTERNATIONAL MILL S
BANNER FIEER30ARD CO
WHcELINS PITTSBURGH
WHEELING PITTSBURGH
VJHE1ELIN& PITTSBURGH
VALLEY CAMP COAL NO.
BUCKEYE POWER
CARDINAL OPER. COUP.
SATRALLOY INC.
ST0NOARQ SLA3 CO.

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 50-0500-004
Location - Main Street,
           Follansbee, West Virginia
UTM - N-4465120  E-00534380
Monitor Height - 50 ft
Site Elevation - 740 ft  MSL

Land Use by Sector:
la.  Rural
Ib.  Residential
Ic.  Residential/Industrial
Id.  Rural/Industrial
2.   Rural
3.   Rural/Commercial
                               o  V4
       4.   Commercial/Industrial
       5.   Industrial
       6.   Rural/Residential
       7.   Rural/Residential
            Industrial
8.
       9.
     Industrial
Localized sources witnin 200 ft of monitor:
             Source
            Main St.
Visible major point sources:
             Source
     Wheeling/Pittsburgh Steel
           Koppers Co.
Air Quality Data:
              Year
              1977
              1978
Distance (feet)
      235
                  Description
                  14,003 ADT
                          Direction
                             300°
                             290°
       Geometric mean  (ug/m3)
                 107
                  95
                                  Imile
                                      180

-------
                                                                  268-99
1.   Cleared area 0.5 ac.
2.   Unpaved lot 0.12 ac.
3.   Cleared area 0.25 ac.
4.   Cleared area 0.04 ac.
5.   Cleared area 2.0 ac.
6.   Unpaved lot 1.25 ac.
7.   Unpaved road 600 ft.
 8.  Cleared area 0.16 ac.
 9.  Cleared area 4 ac.
10.  Coal piles 0.12 ac.
11.  Unpaved road 600 ft.
12.  Cleared area 0.25 ac.
13.  Unpaved road 100 ft.
14.  Cleared area 0.5 ac.
         One-quarter mile radius around Follansbee, West Virginia site.
                                      181

-------
                                        'vv^iV-''.'*' " "'t^f>^''~
                                         "    '
                                                          268-100
One-mile radius around Main Street,  Follansbee site.
                          182

-------
 Follansbee middle  school  site, view  to West.
Follansbee middle school site, view to South.
                   183

-------
     AREA SOURCE
     Site:  Follansbee,  West Virginia   UTM N  4465120  E 00534380
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
Activitv
rate
1,285 h.u.


4,822 VMT




76.3 A
4,822 VMT
4.92 VMT
31.9 A
1.0 A
1.0 A
2.37 A
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
1
2.7
1.4

neg




0.1
neg
neg
0.2


0.6 .
2
0.4
0.2

neg





neg





3
3.0
1.6

•neg





neg


2.5


4
1.6
0.9

neg




0.3
neg

0.2

0.1

5
0.2
neg






0.3


0.2



6
1.1
0.5













7
3.0
1.6

neg





neg





8
1.1
0.5

neg




0.9
neg






9
neg
neg






0.7


0.1


0.5

To:al
13.1
6.7

neg




_ 2,3. ..
neg
neg
0.7
2.5
0.1
1.1
00
-p-
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
4.1
0.0
0.9
5.0
2 to 5
7.9
0.0
3.6
11.5
6 to 9
7.8
0.0
2.2
10.0
Total
19.8
0.0
6.7
26.5
Variable value
1
63.3
_
13.9
77.2
2 to 5
49.4
_
22.5
71.9
6 to 9
12.8
_
3.6
16.4
Total
125.5
—
40.0
165.5

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 502000003F02
Location - Fire Station, Weirton, W.V.
UTM - N-4472080  E-0534900
Monitor Height - 45 ft AGL
Site Elevation - 670 ft MSL

Land Use by Sector:
la.  Industrial
Ib.  Industrial
Ic.  Industrial/Residential
Id.  Residential/Industrial
2.   Industrial/Rural
3.   Rural
       4.  Residential
       5.  Rural/Residential
       6.  Rural/Residential
       7.  Rural
       8.  Rural/Industrial
       9.  Rural/Residential
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
             Source
          Parking Lot
Visible major point sources:
             Source
         Weirton Steel
Air Quality Data:
              Year
              1977
              1978
Distance (feet)
   Adjacent
Description
   Paved


 Direction
327° - 006°
       Geometric Mean (yg/m3)
                94
                96
                                      185

-------
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Railroad yard  10.25A                  8.
Cleared area  2.3A                     9.
Cleared area  l.OA                    10.
Cleared area (baseball diamond) 0.7A  11.
              150 ft                  12.
              100 ft                  13.
              0.2A
Unpaved road
Unpaved road
Cleared area
Cleared area  0.3A
Unpaved lot  1.3A
Cleared area  0.2A
Unpaved lot  0.6A
Unpaved lot  0.6A
Unpaved lot  0.05A
 One-quarter mile  radius  around  the  toeirton,  West  Virginia,  site.
                             186

-------
POINT SOURC.~. SUMMARY
                            UT'":  534.38  1  t  4465.12 \i
X
(KM)
534.30
535.00
535.00
534.40
533.00
533.70
534.00
534.20
529.50
533.40
534.60
533.30
533.60
533.50
533.80
529.40
530.00
533.30
527.90
532.50
532.50
533.50
533.70
532.70
533.00
Y
(KF>
4474.40
4473.83
4473.00
4474 .10
4475.00
4474.50
4470.70
4474 .20
4472.50
4465.50
4464.80
4458.90
4465.90
4465.80
4465.30
4454.90
4455.80
4480.70
4462. OC
4462 .60
4466.70
4463.20
4480.00
4467.00
4477.50
^MISSION
( T/YR)
3914.00
476o.OO
415.00
199b.OO
1463.00
245b.OO
267.00
5.00
10.00
b79.00
17. OC
94.00
949.00
3039.00
645.00
149.00
38007.00
42.00
6213.00
51.00
1963.00
2391.00
1451.00
16.00
S7.00
DISTANCE
(MI)
5.77
5.41
4.91
b.58
5.23
5.84
3.47
5.64
5.50
0.65
0.24
3.92
0.68
0.69
0.38
7.07
6.40
9.70
4.47
1.95
1.53
1.31
9.2fe
1.57
7.74
A..GL;
O -. 3 )
3C9.5
4.1
4.5
0.1
352.0
355.9
356.1
358.9
326.5
291.1
145.5
189.8
314.9
307.7
287.2
206.0
205.2
356.0
244.3
216.7
310.0
204.6
357.4
318.2
353.6
SOURC

1
2
3
4
c,
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
•; MO. & NAME

HE.IRTO". STE.EL/UATION
WLIKT3N STE£L/NATION
WTIRTO'-j STEEL/NATION
•IEIRJOU STE-:L/NATION
•lEIiUQN: STEEL/NATION
'•JEIRTT! STEEL/NATION
STANDARD SLAS COMPAN
INTERNATIONAL MILL S
IRON CITY SAND 8 GRA
KOPPERS CO.
INTERNATIONAL MILL S
BANNER FI8ER90ARO CO
WHEELING PITTSBURGH
WHEELING PITTSBURGH
WHTELINS PITTSBURGH
PUCKEYE POWER
CARDINAL OPER. COMP.
KAUL CLAY CO.
SATRALLOY INC.
STANDARD SLAS CO.
WHEELIN3-PITTSBURGH
'v'MLELI^G-DITTS3URGH
TORONTO PAP'RBOARD C
NATIONAL STEEL/WEIRT
TITANIUM «ETALS
                                        187

-------
A5.f.-  SOURCE  5'JMy.A?'."

Site: Weirton, West Virginia UTM N 4472080 E
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comra/Ind fuel
Activitv
rate

1,500 h.u.

,

1.0
| 0.8
Incinerators j
Auto exhaust ] 22,728 VMT
IND PROCESSES: j
»
Ir.u processes ;
. ._ ^ 	 _ . _ .__ . _ j. _ .... 	 	 _|
oo FUGITIVE DUST:
oo 	 -- -- - - 	 1
Paved streer'-
75,R. A
22,728 VM-.
.__ _. _ . ^.. -,
Unoaved ro.ids i I.J VWI

neg



! *)
neg
neg
Cleared areas | 14.12 A 0.1
"""• " " " . I
Const i uj tior. i
Aggregate storage
Unpaved pkg lots
1.0 A

1
3.4 A j 1.2 ,
0053490C

Emissions by sector,


0.5
, 0.5

f
3 \ 4
1
!
t
neg I 1.5
1
neg 1 1.5
i
l
5

1.2
1.2
! 6
j

ton/yr
'


8
t
l.C
o.s

neg neg j
I !
i \ \
r ~T ~ ^^
i
•

o,: 1 0.3 0.2
neg
1
j
i 0.1
r -^ i

L 0,2
!
I
r
neg




0.2
0.3
4.3
0.3 4.0

neg

9

0.8
0.7

i ne-g
Total

10.6
9.8

neg
I !
!
1
0.?

0.2
neg





i
1
i
j j
0.5 0.3
j neg
neg
	 i neg,
0 . 1 rieg
i

0.3

1. 4
! i 1.6
. 	 -i- - i --- -
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
1.8
0.0
1.6
J3.4
2 to 5
6.4
0.0
1.2
7.6
6 to 9
12.2
0.0
2.7
14.9
Total
20.4
0.0
5.5
25.9
Variable value
1
30.9
_
27.4
58.3
2 to 5
40.0
_
7.5
47.5
6 to 9
20.1
_
4.4
24.5
Total
91.0
-
39.3
130.3

-------
POINT SOURCt. SUMMARY
                                 534.90 L  i  1-472.08  'M
      X
    (KM)
    534.30
    535.00
    535.00
    534.40
    533.00
    533.70
    534.00
    534.20
    529.50
    533.40
    534.60
    533.30
    533.60
    533.50
    533.80
    533.30
    531.10
    527.90
    533.50
    532.50
    532.50
    533.50
    533.70
    532.70
    533.00
Y
(KM)
4474.40
4472.80
4473.00
4474.10
4475.00
4474.50
4470.70
4474.20
4472.50
4465.50
4464.80
4458.90
4465.90
4465.80
4465.30
4480.70
4486.70
4462 .00
4481.50
4462.60
4466.70
4463.20
4480 .00
4467.00
4477.50
.MISSION
(T/YR)
3914.00
47^8.00
415.30
19^5.00
1H63.UO
2465.00
267.00
5.00
10.00
879.00
17.00
94.00
949.00
3039.00
&<-5.00
42.00
55191 .00
6213.00
5135. CO
51.00
1963.00
2351.00
1451.00
16.00
67.00
JliTANCE
(MI)
1.49
1.C7
0.58
1.30
2.17
1.68
1.02
1.39
3.37
4.19
4.53
8.25
3.92
4.00
4.27
5.45
9.39
7.62
5.92
6.07
3.66
5.59
4. 33
3.44
3.57
ANlGLE  SOURCI fiO. x. NAME
OL3)
 345.5   1  UEIRTON STEEL/NATION
   3.3   2  WiIRTON STEEL/NATION
   6.2   3  WEIRTON STEEL/NATION
 346.1   4  .'LIRTOt" STEEL/NATION
 327.0   5  *LlRTOM STEEL/NATION
 333.6   6  ilEIRTON STEEL/NATION
 213.1   7  STANDARD SLAS COMPAN
 341.7   8  INTERNATIONAL MILL S
 274.5   9  IRON CITY SAND 8, GRA
 152.6  10  KOPPERS CO.
 182.4  11  INTERNATIONAL MILL S
 186.9  12  BANNER FIBER30ARD CO
 191.9  13  WHtELIMS PITTSBURGH
 192.6  14  WHEELING PITTSBURGH
 189.2  15  WHEELING PITTSBURGH
 349.5  16  K1UL CLAY CO.
 345.4  17  OHIO EQISON CO./SAMM
 214.8  18  3ATRALLOY INC.
 351.5  19  OHIO EDISON CO./TORO
 194.2  20  STANDARD SLAS CO.
 204.0  21  WHEELING-PITTSBURGH
 189.0  22  WHEELING-PITTSBURGH
 351.4  23  TOROhTO PAPER30ARQ C
 203.4  24  NATIONAL STEEL/WEIRT
 3'0.7  25  TITANIUM METALS
                                        189

-------
DESCRITPION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 50-0620-006
Location - County Court House,
           New Cumberland, West Virginia
Monitor Height - 55 ft.
Site Elevation - 720 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la.  Rural
Ib.  Residential
Ic.  Commercial
Id.  Residential
2.    Rural
3.    Rural/Residential
       4.
       5.
       6.
       7.
       8.
       9.
Commercial
River
Rural/Residential
Rural
Industrial
Rural
                              o  '/„  '/2
                             (mile
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
             Source
              Road
Visible major point sources:
             Source
      Ohio Edison, Toronto
          .Kaul Clay Co.
       Toronto Paperboard
Air Quality Data:
              Year
              1977
              1978
Distance (feet)
       52
             Description
        10,828 ADT, Clean, Curbed

               Direction
                 165°
                 175°
                 185°
       Geometric mean  (yg/m3)
                  72
                  78
                                     190

-------
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Unpaved
Unpaved
Cleared
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
lot 0.08 ac.
road 1300 ft.
area 0.08 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.12 ac.
lot 0.12 ac.
road 500 ft.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Cleared
Unpaved
Unpaved
Cleared
Cleared
                                                            268-102
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
area 0.12 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
road 1200 ft.
area 0.16 ac.
area 0.12 ac.
      One-quarter mile radius around New Cumberland, West Virginia site.
                                      191

-------
J I
I'
//
v3"i'£3\
V

1-
"•/

/'
'' • 1
/ l
\
>/\ .^


t<
* i)
*

'
') v'.'Vl -,'*
/" ,^^r -'

/ /
/:
<

-f '"" /, '
                                                       268-103
One-rile radius around Se. Cumberland court  house site.
                           192

-------
New Cumberland court house site, view to South.
New Cumberland court house site, view to West.
                   193

-------
AREA SOURCE SUMMARY
Site:
           Cumberland, West Virginia   UTM N 4483119 E 00533119
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad vards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Aggregate storage
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
Activity
rate

575 h.u.


1,301 VMT



49.1 A
1,301 VMT
16.3 V>IT
0.85 A
1.0 A
1.0 A
3.22 A

1

0.5
0.3

neg



0.1
neg
neg
neg


0.3 .
2

0.5
0.5







neg



0.1
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
3

0.5
0.5

neg



0.1
neg
neg
neg
1.4


4








0.2

neg




5

0.3
0.3

neg



0.1
neg





6

0.2
0.2












7

0.3
0.3

neg



0.2
neg



0.5
0.9
8








0.1





0.2

9

0.7
0.5

neg



0.5
neg






Total

3.0
2.6

neg



1.3
neg
neg
neg_
1.4
0.5
1.5
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
^_ 1
0.8
0.0
0.4
1.2
2 to 5
2.6
0.0
1.9
4.5
6 to 9
2.2
0.0
2.4
4.6
Total
5.6
0.0
4.7
10.3
Variable value
1
11.2
_
5.6
16.8
2 to 5
16.2

11.9
28.1
6 to 9
3.6

3.9
7.5
Total
31.0

21.4
52.4

-------
POINT SOURCE. SUMMARY

s"rfET~N~~Cjfi'5ESLA"ND
                              53 32  i4 4832
  X
(KM)
537.30
531.00
533.^0
534.30
535.00
535.00
534.40
533.00
533.70
534.00
531.20
531.90
529.50
530.00
530.00
528.10
533.30
525.30
531.10
533.50
533.70
533.00
Y
( K'4
4496
4495
4496
4474
4473
4473
4474
4475
4474
4470
4474
4495
4472
4491
4491
4493
H460
4488
44S6
4481
4480
4477

)
.20
.20
.60
.40
.80
.00
.10
.00
.50
.70
.20
.70
.50
.00
.00
.10
.70
.90
.70
.50
.00
.50
.MISSIO
( T/ v )
"4 .
3t.
233.
3914.
4788.
415.
1 V it .
1463.
2465.
267.
5.
169.
10.
57.
b9.
172.
42.
43.
55191.
5135.
1451 .
67.
Ki

00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
OD
00
DliTf
CM!
8.
7.
8.
5.
5.
6.
b.
5.
5.
7.
5.
7.
6.
5.
5.
6.
1.
6.
2.
1.
1.
3.
NC
)
53
62
33
47
91
3C
66
04
37
74
58
96
97
27
27
94
51
04
56
03
97
49
17.7
350.1
1 .2
172.3
168.6
169.5
171.9
lflO.8
176.1
175.9
173.1
354.5
198.8
338.4
338.4
333.3
175.7
306.5
330.6
166.7
169.4
1*1 .2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Q
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
16
19
23
21
22
                                               SCURC. NO. t NAME:
                                                        TAYLORtSPITWilTAYLOR
                                                        suAK'iR STATS: OIL
                                                        HOM:R LAUTHLI.J CHINA
                                                        WcIRTON STEEL/NATION
                                                        ^IRTCN STEEL/NATION
                                                        i/riRTON STEEL/NATION
                                                        «'CIRTON STCEL/NATION
                                                        JEIRTO'J STEEL/NATION
                                                        WtlRTO"; STEEL/NATION
                                                        STANDARD SLA3 COMPAN
                                                        INTERNATIONAL MILL S
                                                        SLOBL REFRACTORIES S
                                                        IRON CITY SAlMO & GRA
                                                        TRI-STATE ASPHALT #3
                                                        TRI-STATE ASPHALT »4
                                                        SWANK RtFACTORIES
                                                        KAUL CLAY CO.
                                                        r.J. DANDO CO.
                                                        OHIO tDISOM CO./SAMM
                                                        OHIO EDISON CO./TORO
                                                        TORONTO PAPERBOARD C
                                                        TITANIUM METALS
                                    195

-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 50-0620-005
Location - Elementary School,
           New Manchester, West Virginia
UTM - N-4486350  E-00535840
Monitor Height - 15 ft
Site Elevation - 1170 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la.  Rural
Ib.  Rural
Ic.  Agriculature
Id.  Residential
2.   Rural
3.   Rural
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
             Source
       4.   Rural
       5.   Rural/Residential
       6.   Rural
       7.
       8.   Rural/Agriculture
       9.   Rural/Agriculture
            Main St.
Visible major point sources:
             Source
          Satnmis Power
Air Quality Data:
              Year
              1977
              1978
Distance (feet)
      58
                                                                         Imile
     Description
    *
1000  ADT, Unpaved Shoulder
                          Direction
                             275°
       Geometric mean (yg/m3)
                  80
                  86
                                      196

-------
                                                          268-105
1.   Unpaved lot 0.12 ac.
2.   Unpaved road 900 ft.
3.   Agriculture 1.5 ac
4.   Unpaved road 300 ft.
5.   Unpaved road 300 ft.
6.   Cleared area O.Or ac,
7.   Unpaved road 600 ft.
8.   Cleared area 0.12 ac.
      One-quarter mile radius around New Manchester, West Virginia site.
                                      197

-------
                         Rvn
  sV .   ~)£VM
  i~\ n      Jt> j  •
                               "'. ••'• -..New Manchester

                               •  " ' :     Pit
                                              L
                                          A
                                                                 .   ..
'Y
      ••-.    •
'  » ' '/
Reclaimed ^  ~^

   Area/ ^ f~S
      \ , -*—
                                                                    268-106
     One-mile  radius around New  Manchester  elementary school  site.
                                    198

-------
 New Manchester elementary school site,  view to South.
New Manchester elementary school site, view to East.
                      199

-------
    AREA SOURCE SUMMARY
o
o
    Site:  New Manchester, West Virginia   UTM N 4486350 E 00535840
Source Category
COMBUSTION'


Incinerators

IND PROCESSES *

FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad vards
Paved streets

Cleared areas

Agriculture
Unpaved pkg lots
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
^cti^'it*'
rate




1,001 VET




1,001 VMT
18.56 VMT


1.5 A
0.12 A
1

0.2
0.2

neg




neg
neg
neg

neg
0.1
2

neg


neg




neg





3

neg
neg







neg




4

neg


L_neg_




neg
neg
neg



5

0.2
0.2







neg
neg



6

0.2
0.2

neg




neg





7

0.2
0.2




8

0.3
0.3

neg





neg






neg




	 . 	

9

0.3
0.3











L 	 •

Total

1.4
1.4

neg



_
neg
neg
neg
_
neg
0.1
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
0.4
0.0
0.1
0.5
2 to 5
0.4
U—CLC)—
0.0
0.4
6 to 9
2.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
Total
2.8
0.0
0.1
2.9
Variable value
1
20.6
-
5.1
25.7
2 to 5
2.5
-
-
2.5
6 to 9
3.3
-
-
3.3
Total
26.4
-
5.1
31.5
— '

-------
POINT SOURCE
                                 535.84 F. ,  4486.35 "j
X
«P)
537.30
531.00
533.40
53».30
535.00
535.00
534.40
533.00
533.70
534.00
534.20
531.90
529.50
530.00
530. DC
528.10
533.30
525.30
531.10
533.50
533.70
533.00
Y
( 
4496.20
4495.20
4496.60
4474.40
4473.80
4473.00
4474.10
4475.00
4474.50
4470.70
4474.20
4495.70
4472 .50
4491 .00
4431 .00
4453.10
44.30.70
4486.90
4436.70
4481.50
4480.00
4477.50
•""MISSION DISTANCE
( T / Yp )
94.00
35.00
233.00
391-4.00
47«b.OO
415.00
1995.30
1463.00
2465.00
267.00
5.00
165.00
10.00
57.00
59.30
172.00
42.00
43.00
55191 .00
5135.00
1451 .00
67.00
(Ml )
6.15
6.27
6.55
7.49
7.82
3.31
7.66
7.27
7.4ft
9.79
7.62
6.30
9.47
4.64
4 .64
6.38
3.H5
6.74
2.9b
3.35
4.16
5.78
AN3LE
( 3- 3 >
3.4
331.3
346.6
137.3
183. «
1«3.6
1P6.7
1°4 .0
130.2
Ib6.7
187.7
337.1
204.6
308.5
308.5
311.1
204.2
283.6
274.2
205.7
1 -> 8 . 6
197.8
SOUPCc. NO. » NAPE

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
a
o
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

TAYLOR, SMITH, ^TAYLOR
QUAKER STAT: OIL
HOMER LAU3HLIN CHINA
*'7IRTON STEEL/NATION
JLIRTO'J STEEL/NATION
UEIRTO'J STEEL/NATION
ULIRTO*1 STEEL/NATION
WilRTO'J STEEL/NATION
ULlRTCN STEEL/NATION
STANDARD SLAG COMPAN
INTERNATIONAL MILL S
r-L05E REFRACTORIES S
IRON CITY SAND & 3RA
TRI-STATE ASPHALT »3
T?!-3TAT£ ASPHALT #4
SWANK REFACTORIES
KAUL CLAY CO.
F.J. DAfJDO C3.
OHIO EuISONi CO./SAMM
OHIO EDISON CO./TORO
TORONTO PAPER30ARD C
TITANIUM METALS
                                       201

-------
      APPENDIX C




FILTER ANALYSIS RESULTS
           202

-------
GCA Filter No.    6405
Site:             BRILLIANT            Date:  1/2/78






                     43          -   9.9    -   1.81   =   31.3
             Total Concentration   Sulfates   Nitrates   Primary









                       Iron   0.71   yg/m3  Arsenic   0.04   yg/m3






Classification                         Weight (yg/m3)    (% of Primary)




    Minerals                                9                  29
    Combustion




      Flyash                                7                  23




      Coal  Fragments  and  Flyash             7                  24




      Soot                                   3                   9




      Iron  Oxide                             2                   5
    Other




      PoJlen  and  Spores                      2                    6




      Glass                                  1                    4
         Total                             31                  100
                                       203

-------
GCA Filter No.    6425
Site:
TILTONSVILLE         Date:    1/2/78
                     152          -   21.4   -    3.66
                                      =  126.9
             Total Concentration   Sulfates   Nitrates   Primary
Classification
    Minerals
     Iron   2.22   ug/m3  Arsenic    0.07    Mg/tri3






                     Weight  (yg/m3)     (%  of  Primary)




                          24                 19
    Combustion




      Flyash




      Coal Fragments and Flyash




      Soot




      Iron Oxide
                           36




                           29




                           23




                           14
 28




 23




 18




 11
    Other




      Pollen and Spores




      Glass
          Total
                          127
100
                                         204

-------
CCA Filter No.  6416
Siti-:          MARTINS  FERRY           Date:    1/2/78
                   36	-    9.6    -   1.74    =    24.7
             Total Concentration   Sulfates   Nitrates   Primary
                       Iron  0.44    ug/m3  Arsenic    0.07  	yg/m3


Classification                         Weight (yg/m3)     (% of Primary)

    Minerals                                10               41
    Combustion

      Flyash                                 5               20

      Coal  Fragments and Flyash              5               19

      Soot                                    3               14

      Iron  Oxide                             -               —
    Other

      Poll en and  Spores

      Gl ass
         Total                              25              100
                                         205

-------
CCA Filler No.  6412
Site:
FOLLANSBEE
Date:
                                                 1/14/78
                  73	 -   12.0   -  1.48    =    59.5
             Total Concentration   Sulfates   Nitrates   Primary
                       Iron
                     Mg/m3  Arsenic
                      yg/m;
Cl jsslfication
    Minerals
                       Weight (pg/m3)


                             20
                     of Primary)
                                                              33
    Combustion

      Flyash


      Coal  Fragments and Flyash

      Soot

      Iron  Oxide
16
8
5
7
27
14
9
11
    Other

      !'o 11 en and Spores


      (; lass
          Total
                             60
                      100
                                          206

-------
GCA Filter No.   6429
Site:
WEIRTON
                      152
Date:
1/4/79
                 _ 12 (est) _ 1.5 (est)=  138.5
             Total Concentration   Sulfates   Nitrates   Primary
Classification
    Minerals
                       Iron
                    _Vig/m3  Arsenic
                                            22
                       Weight (yg/m3)    (% of Primary)
                                               16
    Combustion




      Flyash




      Coal  Fragments and Flyash




      Soot




      Iron  Oxide
                            30




                            36




                            18




                            31
                        22




                        26




                        13




                        22
    Other




      Pollen  and  Spores




      Glass
         Total
                          138
                                                              100
                                         207

-------
GCA Filter No.    6423
Site:    STEUBENVILLE  (ADAMS ST)
                    37
 Date:  2/8/78
9.0
3.7
24.3
             Total Concentration   Sulfates   Nitrates   Primary
Classification
    Minerals
                       Iron   °-43   yg/tn3  Arsenic  °-017   yg/m3
 Weight (yg/m3)    (% of Primary)




      9                  38
    Combustion




      Flyash




      Coal  Fragments and Flyash




      Soot




      Iron  Oxide
      6




      6




      2
               24




               24




               10
    Other




      Po]len and Spores




      Glass
          Total
      24
              100
                                          208

-------
CCA Filter No.  6414
Site: STEUBENVILLE  (COURTHOUSE)
                Date:  2/7/78
             	178	 -  44.5    -   1.7    =  131.8
             Total Concentration   Sulfates   Nitrates   Primary
CJassification
    Minerals
Iron  2.7	yg/m3  Arsenic  0.03    yg/m3


                Weight (yg/m3)    (% of Primary)

                     33               25
    Combustion

      Flyash

      Coal  Fragments and Flyash

      Soot

      Iron  Oxide
                     32

                     49

                     12

                      6
 24

 37

  9

  5
    Other

      Pollen and  Spores

      Class
          Total
                    132
100
                                         209

-------
CCA Fi Iter No. 6417
SiU'lMINGO  JUNCTION
                 57
   Date:   2/7/78
13.0
                                                       =  43.2
             Total Concentration   Sulfates   Nitrates   Primary
Classification
    Minerals
                       Iron	0.70    Mg/m3  Arsenic   0.12   yg/
                            m
   Weight (Mg/m3)     (% of Primary)
        16               36
    Combust ion
      Flyash
      Coal  Fragments and Flyash
      Soot
      I ron  Oxide
         7
        16
         2
         2
17
36
 4
 6
    Otjier
      Pollen and Spores
      G1 ass
      Stellate Hairs
          Total
        43
 Note:   Sample based on 10 hours  of  monitoring
                                       210
                                                            100

-------
GCA Filter No. 6411
Site:  EAST  LIVERPOOL  (FIRE  STATION)    Date:  4/2/78
                    75
          - 7.5
1.45
                                           :   66.0
Total Concentration   Sulfates   Nitrates   Primary
Classification
    Minerals
Iron   1.2    yg/m3  Arsenic  0.02    yg/m3



                Weight (yg/m3)    (% of Primary)


                     16               24
    CombuHt ion


      Flyash


      Coal Fragments and Flyash


      Soot


      Iron Oxide
                     15


                     12


                      9


                      5
             23

             18


             14

              7
    Other


      Pollen and  Spores


      Glass
                      2


                      7
             3


            11
         Total
                    66
           100
                                        211

-------
GCA Filter No.  6409







Site:  EAST LIVERPOOL (CITY HALL)      Date:  4/2/78






                     52          _   6.7    _    1.74  _   43.6
             Total Concentration   Sulfates   Nitrates   Primary









                       Iron   °-90   yg/m3  Arsenic  °-07    yg/m3






Classification                         Weight (yg/m3)    (% of Primary)




    Minerals                                12                 27
    Combustion




      Flyash                                10                 23




      Coal  Fragments and Flyash              8                 18




      Soot                                    4                  9




      Iron  Oxide                             5                 ll
    Other




      Pollen and Spores                      3




      Glass                                  3
          Total                             44                100
                                          212

-------
GCA Filter No.   6420
Site:  POWHATTAN POINT
                Date:   4/2/78
                  180	 -  10.8    -   3.42    =  165.8
             Total Concentration   Sulfates   Nitrates   Primary
Classification
    Minerals
Iron  3.78    yg/m3  Arsenic 0.10	yg/m3


                Weight (yg/m3)    (% of Primary)

                     55               33
    Combustion

      Flyash

      Coal  Fragments and Flyash

      Soot

      I ron  Oxide-

      Burned Wood
                     36

                     30

                     22

                     18

                      3
 22

 18

 13

 11

  2
    Other

      Pollen  and  Spores

      Glass
         Total
                    166
100
                                          213

-------
CCA FlIter No.   6407
        CLARINGTON
  Date:    4/2/78
                   68
8.0
2.4    = 57.6
             Total Concentration   Sulfates   Nitrates    Primary
                       Iron   1.05	Mg/m3  Arsenic    Q.Q3   yg/
Cl ass Ificatlon
    Minerals
                           m
  Weight  (ug/m3)




       19
         (% of Primary)




             32
    Conibu.st'lon




      Flyash




      Coal  Fragments and Flyash




      Soot




      1 ron  Oxide
       16




        5
             28




              9




             14




             11
    Other




      I'D 1 I en and Spores




      Gl nss
          Total
       58
            100
                                            214

-------
GCA Filter No. 6419
Site:  NEW MANCHESTER
                    38
                Date:  4/8/78
4.4
                     -  1.92
                                          =    31.7
Total Concentration   Sulfates   Nitrates   Primary
Classification
    Minerals
Iron  0.8     Mg/m3  Arsenic   0.05   Mg/m3



                Weight (Mg/m3)    (% of Primary)


                     13               40
    Combustion


      Flyash


      Coal  Fragments and Flyash


      Soot


      Iron  Oxide
                      6


                      7


                      4


                      2
                        18

                        23


                        14

                         5
    Other
      I'o 1 I en and  Spores
        nss
         Total
                     32
                      100
                                           215

-------
CCA Filter No.   6418
Site:  NEW  CUMBERLAND
                   169
                Date:    4/8/78
          -  6.5
0.5
                                                            162.0
             Total Concentration   Suli'ates   Nitrates   Primary
Classification
    Minerals
Iron   2.2    yg/m3  Arsenic   Q.Q7   yg/m3






                Weight (yg/m3)    (% of Primary)




                     45               28
    Combustion




      Flyash




      Coal Fragments and Flyash




      Soot




      I ron Oxide
                     44




                     29




                     15




                     19
              27




              18




               9




              12
    Other




      Pollen and Spores




      (Mass
                     10
          Total
                    162
             100
                                          216

-------
CCA Filter No.  6426
Situ:   TORONTO
Date:
4/8/78
             	155	 -  6.5     -   3.05    =   145.4
             Total Concentration   Sulfates   Nitrates   Primary
                       Iron   1.7    Pg/m3  Arsenic    0.02  yg/
                         m
Classification
    Minerals
Weight (Mg/m3)    (% of Primary)

     41               28
    Combust ion

      Flyash

      Coal  Fragments and Flyash

      Soot

      Iron  Oxide

     Burned Wood
48
27
13
10
3
33
19
9
7
2
    ()th£r

      Pollen  and  Spores

      G lass
         Total
    145
           100
                                         217

-------
CCA Filter No.   6430
Si to: WEIRTON
                  208
             Total Concentration
                Date:      4/8/78
            _iP_'A_._. - -_L.52	 =  196.1
            Sulfates   Nitrates   Primary
Classification
    Minerals
Iron  5.93    yg/m3  Arsenic    0.008  Mg/m3



                Weight (jjg/m3)     (% of Primary)


                     41               21
    Combustion


      Flyash


      CoaJ  Fragments and Flyash


      Soot


      Iion  Oxide
                     59


                     33


                     15


                     41
 30


 17


  8

 21
    Other


      I'o 11 en and Spores


      G1 ass
          Total
                    196
100
                                         218

-------
GCA Filter No.   6424
Site:   STEUBENVILLE (ADAMS ST)
                   106
                Date:  4/9/78
              8.6
2.4
95
             Total Concentration   Sulfates   Nitrates   Primary
Classification
    Minerals
Iron  2.83    yg/m3  Arsenic   0.081  yg/m3






                Weight (yg/m3)    (% of Primary)




                     24                 25
    Combustion




      Flyash




      Coal  Fragments and  Flyash




      Soot




      Iron  Oxide




      Burned Wood
                     24




                     16




                      7




                     20




                      1
               25




               17




                8




               21




                1
    Other




      Pollen  and  Spores




      Glass
         Total
                    95
             100
                                          219

-------
CCA Filter No.    3429
Site: NEW MANCHESTER
                 67
          Date:   4/26/78
    ~  5.2
=  59.4
             Total Concentration   Sulfates    Nitrates    Primary
Classification
    Minerals
1.36    Mg/m3  Arsenic   Q.QQ5  ug/m3







          Weight (yg/m3)    (% of Primary)





               29               49
    ([om\HiH_t ion




      Flyash




      Coal Fragments and Flyash




      Soot:




      I roil Oxide




     Burned Wood
                8




               11




                8




                3
      13




      18




      13




       5




       1
    Other




      Pollen and Spores





      (I i nsa
          To La]
               59
     100
                                           220

-------
OCA Filter No.   6415
Site:   STE'UBENVILLE (COURT HOUSE)      Date:   4/26/78
             	81	 -   9.6     -   6.0    =   65.4
             Total Concentration   Sulfates   Nitrates   Primary
                       Iron    1.98   yg/m3  Arsenic    0.10  yg/m3


Classification                         Weight (yg/m3)     (% of Primary)

    Minerals                                 25                38
    CombuatIon

      Flyash                                 12                18

      Coal  Fragments and Flyash              18                28

      Soot                                    6                9

      Iron  Oxide                             3                5
    Other

      I'o I Ion  and  Spores

      Glass
         Total                              65              100
                                          221

-------
CCA Filter No.   6413
SLU-:  FOLLANSBEE
                Date:   4/26/78
                    75
Total Concentration   Sulfateb
                         2.52
                       Nitrates
                                                        =  66.1
                                                          Primary
C] a.ssl fication
    Minerals
Iron   1.88    pg/m3  Arsenic	0.08   yg/m3


                Weight (Mg/m3)     (%  of  Primary)

                      24                37
    Combustion

      Flyash

      Coal  Fragments and Flyash

      Soot

      Iron
                      12

                      15

                      6

                      7
                                                 18

                                                 22

                                                  9

                                                 11
    OjJier

      !'n 1 H-n and Spores

      (; lass
          Total
                                             66
                                      100
                                            222

-------
CCA Filter No.  6406
Site:  BRILLIANT
                   95
  Date:    ft/26/78
7.2
             Total Concentration   Sulfates
 3.68    = 84.1
Nitrates   Primary
                       Iron   1.92    yg/m3  Arsenic    0.04    Mg/m"
Classification
    Minerals
  Weight  (yg/m3)

        34
           (% of Primary)

               40
    Combustion

      Flyash

      Coal Fragments and Flyash

      Soot

      1ron Oxide
        15

        16

         8
               18

               19

                9
    Other

      I'o I 1 en and Spores

      Glass
         2

         9
                3

               11
          Total
       84
              100
                                      223

-------
GCA Filter No.   3663
Site:   MINGO JCT
                 177
      Date: 4/26/78
_  7  (est)  _ 2.5  (est)=   167.5
             Total Concentration   Sulfates   Nitrates   Primary
Classification
    Minerals
                       Iron
    Ug/m3  Arsenic
      Weight (yg/m3)    (% of Primary)





           40                 24
    Combustion




      Flyash




      Coal Fragments and Flyash




      Soot




      Iron Oxide




      Burned Wood
           30




           38




           23




           18




            2
 18




 18




 14




 11




  1
    Other




      Pollen and Spores




      Glass




      Cellulose Fibers




      Carbon




          Total
            5




            0




            2




            8




          167
  3




  0




  1




  5




100
                                      224

-------
GCA Filter No.  3417
Site:   WELLSBURG
                                       Date:  4/26/80
                    140
             Total Concentration
                                   7 (est)
                                   Sulfates
- 2.5 (est) =  130.5
  Nitrates   Primary
Classification
    Minerals
                       Iron
                                     yg/m3  Arsenic
                                       Weight (yg/m3)    (% of Primary)

                                            31                 24
    Combustion

      Flyash

      Coal  Fragments  and Flyash

      Soot

      Iron  Oxide

      Fine Carbonaceous Material
                                            23

                                            23

                                            23

                                            14

                                             6
                   18

                   18

                   18

                   11

                    5
    Other

      Pollen  and  Spores

      Glass
                                            4

                                            4
                   3

                   3
         Total
                                          131
                                                             100
                                       225

-------
CCA Filter No.  6422

SiU':  SHADYSIDE                       Date:     7/25/78

                    72           -   17.4    -  3.78     =  50.8
             Total Concentration   Sulfates    Nitrates    Primary
                       Iron  1.2   __ _ug/m3   Arsenic __ 0^06
      float Ion                         Weight  (pg/m3)     '(% of Primary)

    Minerals                                 15               29
    Combustion

      Flyash                                 15               29

      Coal Fragments and Flyash              10               19

      Soot                                    5               10

      [ run Oxidt:                              3                5
      Burned Wood                                              1
    Otjier
      I'd lien and  Spores                       3                6

      ("< Insa
       Starch                                	                1


          Total                              51              100


                                          226

-------
CCA Filter No.  6421
Sitt-: POWHATTAN POINT
                   179
                Date:     7/25/78
          -  23.0    -  1.52    =   154.5
             Total Concentration   Sulfates   Nitrates    Primary
Classification
    Minerals
Iron  1.12    yg/m3  Arsenic  0.28	pg/m3






                Weight (Mg/m3)    (%of Primary)




                     39               25
    Combust ion




      Flyash




      Coal Fragments and Flyash




      Soot




      Tron Oxide
                     28




                     65




                     14
 18




 42




  9




  5
    Oth_er




      I'o 11 en and Spores




      G1 nss



      Starch
          Total
                    154
100
Note:  Sample based on only 5 hours of monitoring




                                         227

-------
CCA Filter No.    6408
Kite: CLARINGTON
                    35
  Date:     7/25/78
12.0
3.54
             Total Concentration   Sulfates   Nitrates    Primary
Class L fication
    Minerals
                       Iron    0.66   Mg/m3  Arsenic	0.02  yig/m3
  Weight  (yg/m3)
             of Primary)
                        25
    Combustion




      Flyash




      Coal Fragments and Flyash




      Soot




      Iion Oxide
        5




        5




        3
              24




              24




              14
    Other




      ''oilen and Spores




      Cl fiss
          Total
                                             20
                       100
                                         228

-------
GCA Filter No. 6427
Site:   WELLSVILLE
Date:  9/11/78
             	269	 -   24.3   -   2.5    -  232.2
             Total Concentration   Sulfates   Nitrates   Primary
                       Iron     	Ug/m3  Arsenic     	Mg/m3
Classification
    Minerals
Weight (ug/m3)    (% of Primary)

     76                 33
    Combustion

      Flyash

      Coal  Fragments  and  Flyash

      Soot

      Iron  Oxide
     44

     53

     42

     12
  19

  23

  18

  5
   Other

      Pollen  and  Spores

      Glass
         Total
   232
100
                                        229

-------
CCA Filter No.   6410
•Site:   EAST LIVERPOOL (CITY HALL)      Hat,-:     9/17/78
125
                                                 ..4 _______ = . 149 ^
             Total Concentration    Sulfatey    Nitratos   Primary
                       I ron   1.32	V 8 /m3   Ar s enic   Q.OA	^ 8 /
                                              m
Classification
    Minerals
                     Weight (pg/nr)    (% of Primary)




                          43                29
    Comljustion




      Flyash




      CoaJ Fragments and Flyash




      Soot




      1ron Oxide
43
28
15
8
29
19
10
5
    Other




      Co 11 en and Spores




      (! I a>sH
                           9




                           3
  6




  2
          Total
                         149
100
                                         230

-------
GCA Filter No.   6428
Site: WELLSVILLE
                Date:  9/17/78
             	93	 -  27.6    -   3.3    =   62.1
             Total Concentration   Sulfates   Nitrates   Primary
Classification
    Minerals
Iron   1-2    pg/m3  Arsenic  0.06    Mg/m3


                Weight (yg/m3)    (% of Primary)

                     19                 31
    Combustion

      Flyash

      CoaJ  Fragments and  Flyash

      Soot

      Iron  Oxide
                     17

                     16
 28

 25

 10
    Other

      Pollen  and  Spores

      Glass
         Total
                    62
100
                                        231

-------
                 GCA 3422, Weirton (Fire Station), 138 yg/m3

     The combustion product particulate shows a wide range in grain size prob-
ably representing a coking or steelmaking source rather than a utility boiler.
                                Composition
                          Phase
                Rubber particles
                Flyash (coal particulate)*
                Bituminous coal (highly
                  angular fragments)
                Quartz, carbonate and
                  rare gypsum laths
                Biological (spores)
Weight percent

      10
      50
      25

      10
       5
                *Includes some irregular soot particles.

                     CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

                                 Particle size (ym)
                                    10   15   20   25
          50
                               Percent (less than)
                Coal
     Notes:





avg.
60
-
60
-
-
-
65
55
65
60
60
61
70
55
65
70
65
65
85
60
70
75
70
72
90
75
85
85
80
83
95 95 100
80 90 100
90 100 100
90 95 100
90 95 100
89 95 100
Flyash





avg.
Soot





avg.
Largest

90
60
70
70
75
73

80
-
-
-
-
-
95
65
80
75
75
78

80
70
75
80
75
76
particles


95
80
85
80
80
84

85
75
80
90
85
83
sized

100
85
95
100
90
94

95
95
90
100
95
95
.

100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
95
100
100
99
coal =
soot =







100
100
100
100
100
100
45 ym; flyash =15.5 ym;
15.0 ym.
                                    232

-------
                     GCA  3662, Mingp Junction,  141  yg/m3

     Uniformly small grain size  of opaque  particulate  possibly  represents a
source from a utility boiler using crushed coal.  Grain size  relatively
smaller than GCA 3663.
                                 Composition

                           Phase

              Coal flyash  (including  soot)
              Bituminous coal  (pulverized  feed)
              Carbonate  (fine-grained euhedral)
                feldspar (very  fine grained)
                quartz  (minor of  three minerals)
              Biological (spores)
                                         Weight  Percent
                                               50
                                               10
                                                10
                                                30
                     CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY  DISTRIBUTION

                                 Particle  size  (]-im)
                                      10
                                   15    20    25    50
                                 Percent  (less  than)
Coal





avg.
Flyash





avg.
Soot





avg.

90
-
70
80
75
-

80
75
90
95
80
84

70
-
-
80
85
-

90
70
75
85
80
80

80
80
95
95
80
86

80
80
75
85
85
81

95
75
85
90
85
86

85
90
95
100
85
91

85
90
80
90
90
87

95
80
95
100
100
94

100
95
100
100
100
99

95
100
90
100
95
96

100
90
100
100
100
98

100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
95
100
100
99

100
90
100
100
100
98








100
100
100
100
100
100

100 100
95 100
100 100
100 100
100 100
99 100














Notes:
Largest particle sized:  coal fragments = 50 ym; flyash
                         soot = 17 ym.
14 ym;
                                    233

-------
                       GCA 3645, Clarington, 148 yig/m3

     Hi-vol filter a uniform light gray reflecting the extremely fine grain
size of all particulate.   Overall, combustion products comprise about 15 to
25 percent of the filter and the remainder is mostly biological matter.
                               Composition

                          Phase

              Coal (unburned)
              Soot
              Coal flyash
              Carbonate (very fine-grained)
              Biological
                                   Weight percent

                                         10
                                         10
                                          5
                                         10
                                         65
                      CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

                                  Particle size (pm)
                                           10   15
                                          20
                                 Percent (less than)
Coal





avg.

75
-
60
70
-
-

85
50
75
80
75
73

95
70
80
95
90
86

100
90
95
100
100
97

100
100
100
100
100
100
                      Flyash





avg.
Soot





avg.
85
80
90
85
85
85

80
50
75
60
-
—
90
90
95
95
90
92

80
60
80
70
70
72
95
95
100
95
100
97

95
70
95
85
90
87
100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
95
95
98







100
100
100
100
100
100
   Notes:
Largest particle sized:  coal fragments = 14 ym; flyash
                         soot = 12 um.
7 ym;
                                      234

-------
              GCA 3417. Wellsburg (State Road Yard), 140 yg/m3

     Filter is very similar to filter from Brilliant (GCA 3642) and Mingo Junc-
tion (GCA 3662 and 3663).
                                Composition

                           Phase

                Bituminous coal particulate
                Coal flyash (spherical)
                Glassy (isotropic) spheres
                Feldspar laths and quartz
                Biological particulate
                  (spores)
                                  Weight percent
                                        40
                                         5
                                        10
                                         5
                                        40
                     CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

                                 Particle size (ym)
                                       10
                                15  20   25   50
                                 Percent  (less  than)
Coal
65
50
40
60
55
ave. 54

65-70
55
45
65
60
58

70
65
50
85
70
68

75
70
70
90
80
77

85
85
80
95
90
87

85
90
85
100
95
91

90
95
90
100
100
95

95*
100
100
100
100
99
               *100 percent of material is below 60 ym.

               Flyash
avg.
Soot





avg.
85 90
90 95
90 95
75 80
80 80
84 88

60
50 55
- 40
- 40
50 50
49
100
100
100
95
85
96

75
70
50
50
60
61
100
100
100
100
100
100

80
75
75
80
75
77


90
85
95
85
90
89


95
90
95
95
95
94


95
95
95
100
100
97


100
100
100
100
100
100
    Notes:
Largest particle sized:  coal = 55.5 ym; flyash = 10.5 ym;
                         soot = 29.5 ym.
                                     235

-------
              GCA 3652, East Liverpool, Fire Station, 130 yg/m3

     Coal particles show considerable clumping and aggregation on filter.
May be due to condensation on larger liquid droplets (rain?).
                                Composition
                           Phase
               Bituminous coal flyash
               Coal (bituminous) particles
               Glassy (vitreous) flyash
               Carbonate (very fine-grained)
               Biological (spores)
          Weight  percent

                30
                25
                15
                15
                15
                      CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

                                 Particle s i ?e (pm)
                                      Id  15
                    50
                                 Percent  (\oss than)
Coal
70
-
60
65
avg .
50
75
60
60
65
62
55
75
t>5
65
70
66
85
80
75
70
80
78
9v>
95
<»r.
8C>
«5
89
<•)'•
95
C0
90
•100
94
0 '3
100
95
.->,)
100
Q6
] 00
100
100
95*
100
99
                  *100 percent oT all
                   field are below.
coal  par
             Ob in tills
r xyHHU




avg.
Soot





avg.
60
65
75
65
70
67
(^n

50
75
-
-
-
70
70
80
70
75
73
7 ^

55
75
65
70
68
75
80
90
75
80
80
HO

75
80
70
75
76
85
8l>
90
85
95
88
t)S

80
95
80
85
87
M ( ',
100
93
t 00
iOO
'-)/
t no

95
100
100
95
98
95
, 00
i oo
100
100
99
1 H( !

100
100
100
100
.100
} n;i
Oil
00
00
] oo
:oo







    Notes:  Largest particle sized:
coal = 51.5 ym; flyash = 20.5 ym;
soot = 17.0 ym.
                                     236

-------
                     GCA 3663, Mingo Junction, 177 yg/m3

     Filter dominated by particulate from combustion sources.  Carbonate from
terrigenous sources.   Many of the coal particles are unburned.  Combustion
products show great variation in size suggesting a steel mill or related in-
dustry as source rather than a utility boiler.

                                Composition
                            Phase            Weight percent
                  Bituminous coal fragments        50
                  Carbonate (fine-grained,
                    well-formed crystals)          20
                  Quartz                           10
                  Glassy flyash                    10
                  Soot                             10
                      CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

                                 Particle size (urn)

                        35    10   15   20   25   30   50

                                   Percent (less  than)


                        80  100  100  100  100  100  100  100
                        20   50   80   95  100  100  100  100
                        60   80   85   85   85   90   90  100
                        50   80   85   90   90  100  100  100
                        50   50   90   95  100  100  100  100
                        50   50   90   90  100  100  100  100
                        40   40   75   90  100  100  100  100
                        40   50   85   90   95  100  100  100
                        60   80   80  100  100  100  100  100
                        60   80   90   95  100  100  100  100
                avg.     51   66   86   93   97   99   99  100

                Flyash  80   90   90   95  100
                        90   95  100  100  100
                        90   90   95   95  100
                        95  100  100  100  100
                        80   90  100  100  100
                        80   85   90  100  100
                        70   80   85   90  100
                        75   90  100  100  100
                        90  100  100  100  100
                        80   90   95  100  100
                avg.     83   91   95   98  100

                                 (continued)

                                     237

-------
           Particle size  (ym)

        35   10  15    20   25

          Percent  (less  than)

Soot
        75  80  85   90   95  100
        80  80  95  100   100  100
        50  50  80  100   100  100
        30  30  80   95   100  100
        30  30  80   80   95  100
avg.    53  54  84   93   98  100
              238

-------
                       GCA 3413, Moundsville, 173 yg/m3

     Fine grain size of combustion products indicates a pulverized feed source
for the coal.
                                 Composition

                           Phase               Weight percent

                                                     20
    Biological  (spores)
    Coal  (bituminous)  fragments,
      highly angular
    Coal  flyash  (spherical)
    Wood  fiber
    Quartz
    Carbonate
                                                     30
                                                     30
                                                    trace
                                                     10
                                                     10
                      CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

                                 Particle size (ym)
                                      10   15   20   25
                                              50
                                 Percent (less than)
Coal






avg.
Flyash





avg.
Soot





avg.

-
-
50
50
-
-

60
-
65
60
-
-

-
-
-
-
50
—

45
50
55
55
50
51

65
30
70
65
60
58

40
50
45
60
75
54

50
70
65
60
60
61

65
55
75
70
80
69

55
55
50
70
80
62

65
75
70
75
75
72

95
95
90
95
90
93

80
75
75
75
100
81

80
75
85
80
80
80

100
95
100
100
95
98

80
80
85
95
100
88

80
80
90
85
90
85

100
100
100
100
100
100

80
100
95
100
100
95

85
90
100
100
95
94








100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100














   Notes:
Largest particle sized:  coal = 48 ym; flyash =16.5 ym;
                         soot = 23.5 ym.
                                    239

-------
                   GCA 3431, Steubenville (Adams), 141 yg/m3

     Heavy industrial source(s) nearby plus some "urban" (tire rubber)
contribution.
                                 Composition

                           Phase                Weight percent
               Biological (spores)
               Rubber particles
               Coal (bituminous) particles
               Rounded slag particles (glass)
                 nonmagnetic
               Coal flyash
               Soot
            50
            10
            20

            10
             5
             5
                      CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

                                 Particle size (ym)
                                     10
15
20   25
50
                               Percent  (less  than)
Coal





avg.
*A11

-
-
55
50
-
55
55
50
60
55
55
particles
70
60
60
70
60
64
below
85
80
65
75
75
76
60
85
85
70
90
80
82
ym.
90
95
80
100
90
91

100
95
95
100
90
96

100
100
100
100
95*
99

Flyash
                         65  70  85   90  100
                         70  75  85  100  100

avg.
Soot





avg.
60
70
65
66
_
55
60
50
50
-
70
80
70
73
60
60
65
65
65
63
90
95
85
88
75
70
70
70
70
71
100
100
95
97
80
75
80
75
80
78
100
100
100
100
90
85
85
90
90
88


95
90
95
95
100
95


100
95
100
100
100
99


100
100
100
100
100
100
                                   (continued)
                                      240

-------
Notes:  Largest particle sized:  coal = 58 ym; flyash = 13 pm;
                                 soot = 29.5 ym.

        Additional material that may be a combustion product is
        seen as an orange-colored, isotropic, angular to sub-
        angular particulate.  Very small percentage of these
        particles.  Rough site distribution of the few particles
        seen is:

                        (Less than size stated)

                        10  15  20  25  40  60
                        50  60  70  95  95  100 (percent)
                                 241

-------
                        GCA 3642, Brilliant, 203 yg/m3

     Particles similar to that found in Mingo Junction filters.  Overall, there
seems to be a high concentration of combustion products from the Brilliant-
Mingo Junction area.  Particulate from these areas is highly angular, with large
variation in grain size and much coarser generally.  Probable that source is
from adjacent steelmaking operations.
                                 Composition

                            Phase
                 Coal (bituminous) particles
                 Coal flyash
                 Glassy flyash (incinerator?)
                 Iron oxide particles
                 Slag particles
                 Biological particles
       Weight percent
             30
             20
             20
       Less than 0.5
           Trace
             30
                      CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

                                  Particle size (ym)
                                   10
15   20   25   50   110
                                     Percent  (less  than)
Coal





avg.
Flyash




avg.
Soot





avg.
45
40
30
45
50
42
70
60
70
50
65
63
45
-
-
-
50
-
50
50
40
50
55
49
75
65
75
65
70
70
50
60
50
50
55
53
65
55
60
65
65
62
75
80
75
75
80
77
55
65
60
60
65
61
70
70
75
70
70
71
85
85
80
100
85
87
70
75
65
70
70
70
80
80
75
80
85
80
95
95
100
100
95
97
80
80
80
75
75
78
95
85
85
85
85
87
100
100
100
100
100
100
90
90
85
90
85
88
95
90
95
95
95
94






95
100
100
95
90
96
100
95
100
100
100
99






100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100












     Notes;  Largest particles sized:  coal = 107 ym;  flyash = 18  ym;
                                       soot = 46 ym; iron oxide* = 16  ym.
      *Iron oxide particles were only rarely  seen, most  are probably  less
       than 5  ym.
                                      242

-------
         GCA 3659, Martins Ferry, 146 yg/m3
                     Composition
               Phase
Coal (bituminous) particles
Coal flyash
Glassy flyash
Carbonate
Quartz
Biological particles

Mineral particles all less than 1 ym
Weight percent

      30
      30
      20
       5
       5
      10
         CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

                       Particle size (yra)
                          10  15   20   25
       50
                       Percent  (less than)
Coal fragments





avg.
Coal flyash





avg.
Glassy flyash





avg.

-
40
-
50
50
-

75
-
50
60
70
-

75
-
-
-
-
-

75
55
60
60
55
61

80
75
65
75
75
74

75
60
50
75
60
64

80
65
65
65
75
70

85
80
70
80
85
80

75
75
65
80
70
73

90
80
75
75
80
80

90
100
90
90
90
92

80
80
75
90
75
80

95
85
80
85
85
86

100
100
95
100
95
98

90
80
85
100
80
87

100
85
85
100
85
91

100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100














                   (continued)
                        243

-------
Particle size

3 5
10
15
20
Percent (less
Soot





avg.

- 75
- 30
- 35
- 50
- 40
- 46

80
30
50
60
50
54

80
35
60
65
60
60

75
60
60
80
75
72
(ym)
25
than)

85
100
80
85
90
88

50


100
100
100
100
100
100
Notes:  Largest particle sized:   coal fragments = 48 ym;  coal
                                 flyash = 23 ym; glassy flyash = 26 ym;
                                 soot = 41 ym.
                                244

-------
TABLE 3.   SUMMARY OF PHASE COMPOSITION AND PARTICLE SIZE DATA






Coal particulate


21
21
21
26
26
M 26
-E-
Ln
1
1
1
1
Date

March 1978
March 1978
March 1978
April 1978
April 1978
April 1978


June 1978
June 1978
June 1978
June 1978
uoncenLiation
Location , , 5,
(yg/m > Weight

Weirton
Mingo Junction
Clarington
Wellsburg
E. Liverpool (F.S.)
Mingo Junction


Moundsville
Steubenville
Brilliant
Martins Ferry

138
141
148
140
130
177


123
141
203
146

25
10
10
40
25
50


30
20
30
30
90 per-
centile
(pm)
20
7
6
18
16
12


23
19
22
24


Flyash
Weight
(%)
50
50
5
15
45
10


30
15
40
50
Phase
Soot
90 per- „ . ,
. , Weight
centile fv^
(um
8.
4.
2.
3.
10.
5.


8.
5.
11.
18.
-. \'°j
5
5
5 10
5
5
5 10


5
5 5
0
0

Minerals
Weight
°
10
10
10
5
15
30


20
-
-
10


Biologicals Rubber
Weight

5
30
65
40
15
-


20
50
30
10
Weight

10
-
-
-
-
-


~
10
-
-

-------
'ft I;' i u L / ft /v "i
//*./? 8
OCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
Sample: ^V0S"
Component
MINERALS
Quartz
Calcite
Gypsum
Feldspar
Clay
Mica:
OTHeFT 2/fc$s
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
Irregular, Lacy Flyash
^
Coal Fragments J^Ytt^jJ)
Soot (oil or other)
Burned Wood
F.ron Oxide
BIOLOGICAL
Pollen and Spores
Stellate Hairs
Crllulose Fibers
Starch
Insect Parts
Other:
MISCELLANEOUS
Rubber Particles
Auto Emissions


!••*

Vol. %
5
lo




45-

/o
15
25-
to

-5

lo
Wcf
m*ke
TkiKf







•
Date:
Wt. %
L
23




V

?
/?
l^
i

r~"

€
-
-
^







HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
& M »n






/^-//•^ >/>^
/
/
f *nr>
7


/.c? - yc?,o ^ /v^
7









                                               246

-------
 ;£.<,.
  X 	y
OCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION

Sample: fa^ / (e
Component
MINERALS
Quartz
Calcite
Gypsum
I 	
Feldspar
Clay
1
Mica:
Other:
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
i
! Irregular, Lacy Flyash
Conl Fragments*:/-? y
to
13

1k4C£

/&

Tt4FJ>
rfaui
m^








Date:
Wt. %

11






/O
IO___^
/?
/i

—

^

-
-
--







HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS Sncc i
V"3~&> Analysn^^v-^dt/^St^
Size Range (In ^m) and Remarks

^•^ ' /2- ^ *f ^-s






'Z->?> ~ <£>•£>, *f r+—
/
2-& ~ Z&.O r~j ^^
f
/•£> - J^.V^^-
7
h ' $~ ~ /1?' ^5" A-/ ^^
' /


3.6 -'?, 1 ^ *^
i









247

-------
OCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION

Sample: (0*7 c/
Component
MINERALS
Quartz
Calcite
Gypsum
Feldspar
Clay
Mica:
Other:
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
Irregular, Lacy Flyash
Coal Fragments t fflu4$l\
Soot (oil or other)
Burned Wood
Iron Oxicle
BIOLOGICAL
Pollen and Spores
Stellate Hairs
Cel !u1 ose Fibers
Starch
Insect Parts
Other:
MISCELLANEOUS
Rubber Particles
Auto Emissions


••A


Vol. %

//






/&
&
*>o
/r

/o

J

fruce
'/7fc
IB

It

z

—
—






HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET

/£> /)L^ Analyst ^^ /^^Zi^^/kjpJ^^i
Size Range On Mm) and Remarks

t.0- ,$ 0 ^
/





£.0 - 2^.o^^
£ O — /£> f- 6>A!»As-'
/.<>'- ^7.0>/M^
•/..o" "^>°>obrY*~

l-q.oH1^
/










248

-------
OCA/TECHNOLDGY DIVISION ••*
i
f 	
i Sample: (,
/ *J j *?
•y f ' (**

• 	 - x
HI- VOL FILTER
Date:^/~2-^
ANALYSIS
SHEET
Analyst cQX^Q&  -
                                 ji
                                    -f-
                               T~  ~~ t -	  - ~
                                          249

-------
              t" ; 1 fc.  f /.£>'!' n
r
QCA/TECHNOIDGY .DiyiSJON_f.fA
Sample: ^ ^ ^ -^
HI- VOL FILTER
Date: -/ /^ -x^>
ANALYSIS
SHEET
Analyst: <^~-^//.^^^y\_^^^^^!i_J
 Component
Vol%  Wt.%
Size Range On MM) and Remarks
        MINERAI.S
  Quartz
  CalcJte
;  Gypsum
T "" """*•*" - —nML_-w-r.i. _
;  Feldspar
  Clay
i
  Mica:
•  Other:
I  COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
I Spherical Flyash
:  Irriigular,  Lacy Flyash
       Fragments £
       (oil or other)
  liutued Wood
  Lrrn Oxide
       BIOLOGICAL
  Pollen end Spores
  Stellate Hairs
  ->1lulose Fibers
 ' Starch
         Parts
   •ther :
                                                 3 >O '
      MISCELLANEOyS
  Rubber Particles
  / "to HmisHions
                                                              - 0
                                               2/ e  -  33".
                                 i
                                       I-
                                             250

-------
*CA/TECHNOIOGY
DIVISION •**

Sample:
£?
/v


HI- VOL FILTER
Date: 43%£>
ANALYSIS
SHEET
•"S v?< / _^y
Analyst C^/^^^^CJTT^L
Component
Vot %  Wt. %
Size Range (in ym) and Remarks
f 	
; MINERALS
Quartz
Calcite
' Gypsum
j Feldspar
i Clay
1 Mica:
' Other:
; COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
i - - 	
irregular, Lacy Flyash
Con! Fragment s^/7^/f5^i
!• oot (oil or other)
tiutned Wood
'. ron Oxide
niOLOGICAL
i'ollen and Spores
St t-llate Hnire
:oi lulofic Fibers
' Starch
Innoct Pflrta^J^6 ^
Jther:
MISCELLANEOUS
Rubber Particles
^wtitc Emissions
<5"
^^






^r
^^>
V^
to

<5

/7^a

T^jtx
7^>
T&a



Z
^3






^r
/9
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*)
1
f~




— -
—




2 ' / ~ C^> , <5* /W >*-y\.
/






JT ^ 'c^^, f yy ,^^_
f
& '£> ~ ~y 3 > & *t ^Y\
/
i'O -jy.o v^
i i - 	 •
	 • —







/

                                          251

-------
'/•'. f- C  \lUtfCT ii;i*
                              '1 I 1o
OCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
                                              HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
                                 Date:
                                                Analyst
 Component
                      VoL%  Wt.%
Size Range On ^m) and Remarks
       MINERALS
 Quartz
 Calcite
 Gypsum
i ''Vldepar
i ^ 1 ••} y
 Mlru:
 Other:
  COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
 Spherical Flyash
1 Irregular, Lacy Flyash
; C&nl Fragments,>
 Soot  (oil or other)
  turned Wood
  Lion Oxide
      BIOLOG.ICAL
  1'oiien and Spores
  Sic]lore Hairs
  C.e\ i ulose Fib«rs
  St urch
  Innect Parts
  Other:
     MISCELLANEOUS
  Kubber Particles
                                                               . o

                                           252

-------
        I V ( '
OCA/ TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION ••*

Sample: £ y//

HS VOL FILTER
Date: tf-S'^O
ANALYSIS
SHEET
Analyst, <^^;^£^u2JL^t£^
 Component
                        Vol %  Wt.%
                                                   Size Range On jim) and Remarks
       MINERALS
Quartz
; Calclte
 Gypsum
 Feldspar
 Clny
 Mica:
!  COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
' Spherical Flyash
  Irregular, Lacy Flyash
 Cofll Fragments
 f. oou  (oil or other)
  burned Wood
  \ run Oxide
      BIOLOGICAL
.  Pollen and Spores
  Stellate Hairs
  :cl!ulo8C Fibers
  Starch
                          /S
                         /o
                        to
                                 2.
                               /V
                                                 -^5 -/f. 0
                                                 O"
                                1$
  fn8uct Parts
 Other:
  rubber Particles
 Auto FmissilonB
/ ' / ~  3o ,
                            — I	
                                    .4	
                                            253

-------
OCA/ TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
                                             HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
       MINERALS
 Quartz
r—
 Calcite
 Gyp sum
 Feldspar
i Clay
i Mica:
•  COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
; Spherical Flyash
  Irregular,  Lacy Flyash
      Fragments^'/", ,,:
  i'Oot (oil or other)
'  Mirncd Wood
   ion Oxide
     BIOLOGICAL
PC 11 en  and Spores
25
                         /o
                         JO
  Stellate Hairs
  Cellulose Fibers
  St urch
  Insect Parts
  Other:
      MISCELLANEOUS
  Rubber Particles
  /•Aito  Emissions
                             22_
                                   H-
                         -  J^-P^
                               (, £> t-~f
                               II
                      / • 6 -
                                —		
                                           254

-------
                                                               A,,
OCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
 Sample:
                                            HI VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
                              Date:
 Component
                       VoJ.%  Wt.%
                                                Size Range (in ptm) and Remarks
       MINERALS
 Quartz
 Calcite
• Gypsum
; Feldspar
i Clay
r
                             32.
                                           J . O  ~
 Mica:
 Other:
i—
 COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
                         JS
                              /3
                                             - > O ~
                         , C>
 Irregular, Lacy Flyash
                       JO
 Coal Fragment a * fl
               3
                       10
2ZJL.-.
'••out  (oil or other)
ourned Wood
Iron  Oxide
     BIOLOGICAL
/oLlen and Spores
                               II
; Stellate Hairs
 Cel lulose  Fibere
 ^ t n re h
 Inject  Parts
 Other:
     MT_SC_ELLANEpyS
 Kubber Particles
 Auto Emissions
                         	1	L
                                           255

-------
           "6 T: ,\

OC A/ TECHNOLOGY CUVISKDN •>*>*
i
i, 	 - _ -
f " 	 r
i Sample: b'io'f-

HI- VOL FILTER
Date: ^-/-Sb
ANALYSIS
SHEET
Anatyst ^T^W^gto '
 Component
                          Vol%  Wt.
          Size Range (In nm) and Remarks
       MINERALS
i
! Quartz
!
1 Calclte
; Gypsum
j Feldspar
I	       •
I Clay
1 Mica:
i Oth'.>r:
  COMBUSTION PRODUCTS

 Spherical Flyesh
  Irregular, Lacy  Flyash
 Coal  Fragments t/
   oot  (oil  or other)
  turned  Wood
  1 ti n  Oxide
       BIOLOGICAL

  *'rj lea and  Spores
  Stellate  Halre
            Fibers
  '-H arch
  Insect  Parts

  Other:
  Rubber Particles
       E:nis8ionB
                           10
                                 jr
                                                  / - C  "O , 0
                                    T
                                      +	
                                 s±
    *? * —     ' V ix" x-
	c^ •$__.  _~__ <~-g. & +?  >^~
                               r
                                    —^,.
                                       i
                                     -'{
                                               256

-------
OCA/ TECHNOLOGY DIVISION ••*
                                                                          ,1
                                             H!- VOL FILTER  ANALYSIS SHEET
 Sample
          £ i 2 V
  Date: 
-------
                           I /• i r 
-------
OC A/ TECHNOLOGY DIVISION *«A

Sampfr ^ ^ / ^


Hi VOL FILTER
Date: i-i~tf&
ANALYSIS
SHEET
Analyst f^/^^^jSjtt^K^
 Component
Vol %  Wt. %
Size Range (In pm) and Remarks
, Ce3 lulofic Fibers
 .St a rch
        Parts
 0 1 h r r :
     .MISCELLANEOUS
 Rubber Particles
 .MUO E'.nlsHlons
MINERALS
Quartz
Calcite
Gypsum
Feldspar
Clay
Mil a:
nth.r:
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
irregular, Lacy Flyash
"7
Soot (oil or other)
Burned Wood
Lri;n Oxide
P.10LOCICAL
Pollen and Spores
Stellate Hairs
^
JJ-






/Q_
/o
Z6-
/$-

*£

1?uc^

2
3^






?
i
Z.3
/v

5-

__
~
.- J

/ o - '£.






AJT -^^

2. ? - 2^-,
yx/ - i?y
f C---«P




r
                               -I—
                                              259

-------
OCA/ TECHNOLOGY DIVISION ••*
i """" - - -- •
[Stmplr. 6V//


Date:


v-
                                                               / ('
                                            H! VOL  FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
\-
 Component
                       Vol %  Wt. %
                  Size Range On pm) and Remarks
       MINERALS
! Quartz

• Calclte
I Gypsum
j  Feldspar

  Clay
i Mica:

! Other:
 COMBUSTION PRODUCTS

Spherical Flyash
  irregular,  Locy Flyash
,  C(-i\ i Frngnents fc"
  :'0ut  (oil or other)
  named Wood
  iron Oxide
      BIOLOGICAL
        and Spores
  Stellate Hairs
  Cellulose Fibers

  -it urrh
  Insect Parts
  Other:
      MISCELLANEOUS
  Rubber Particles
       EtnisHions
                         to
                        JO,
                      &CL
                         /o
                       S
                       /b
                             Z2L--
                                                " t> '
IS...
.-..j&JL
        7' o
 IZ
                     o  - 2-1 -0
                                         260

-------
                                                     ,^>-i /
GCA/TECHNOIOGY DIVISION ••*

8amp»« bHtC? Date: '

if
11
HI VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
* """ V"/""} 1 AnAlvnt* **"y / /> sr~ xj F~]~~r/^jf*"

 Component
Vol%  Wt.%
Size Range (w Mm) and Remarks
       MINERALS
 Quartz
 Calclte
 Gypsum
 Feldspar

j Clay
 Mica:
1 Other:
t	—- -
;  COMBUSTION PRODUCTS

! Spherical  Flyash
 Irregular, Lacy Flyash
i Coal Fragments^
  cot (oil  or other)
 burned Wood
  Iron Oxide
i      BIOLOGICAL
I
, Pollen and  Spores
 /o
                         SO
                         <5*
                         "5
       y
                      V
                             f---H
] It cllate Hal re
Cellulose Fibers
;t arch
.'rim-el Parts
•li;er :
MISCELLANEOUS
'.libber Particles
/Liito Emissions


^•<2-








— -
















                             t—
                                          261

-------
GCA/TECHNOIDGY CHVtSiON

                                              HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
                                 D«t«:
                          Analyst
 Component
Vol%  Wt.%
Size Range (In urn) and Remarks
       MINERALS
 Quartz
r
 Calcite
 Gypsum
 Feldspar
 Clay
 Mica:
 Other:
i  COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
I Spherical Flyash
1  Irregular, Lacy Flyash
  Oca] Fragments
                    ^
   iot  (oil or other)
  turned Wood
  ! i on Oxl.'•'
 /o
!       BIOLOGICAL
i  Po,lt.-n  and Spores
  Stellate Hairs
  Jollulose Fibers
  Starch
  Insect  Parts
  Other:
      MISCELLANEOUS
  Rubber Particles
  .into Emissions
                                	1 -
                                    —4-
                                             262

-------

Sample:
'— v. 	 HI- VOL FILTER
^yo
ANALYSIS SHEET
Date: ^"3 <0<3 {Analyst <^t^£^£i<^-£/~£ c£*i~
r.nmnAnMri VoL % Wt. % Size Range (in urn) and Remarks
       MINERALS
 Quartz
 Calclte
 G> psum
 Feldspar
i Clay
30
33
i Mica:
 Othrr:
  COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
 Spherical Flyash
                          /o
| Irregular, Lacy Flyash
 Conl Fragments
 Soot  (oil or other)
/O
 Burned Wood
                     3^0 - o2/
                     3- 3  -
                                    O
  iron Oxide
I
      BIOLOGICAL
 Pollen and Spores
  Stellate Hairs
 •Jel ; ulose Fibers
  Starch
  Insect Parts
  Other:
     MISCELLANEOUS
 Hubbor Particles
 ..uco Emissions
                                             263

-------
              ' •• • C
"OCA/TECHNOIDGY DtVlSJON"
 Sampto:
                                              Hh VOL  FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
        Date:
Analyst
 Component
Voi.%  Wt.%
Size Range (in
                                                                      Remarks
       MINERALS
1 Quartz
  Calcite
 Gypsum
  Kuldspar
 Mien:
  Other:
   COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
  Spherical Flyash
  Irregular, Lacy Flyaah
  -Liricd Wood
  . r in  Oxide
                     ~?'/
                                               <& "0    f £> •  /
       BIOLOGICAL
  !o'len  and Spores
  Stoil ate Hal re
  .:»! lulose Fibers
  ">t arch
  Insect  Parts
  Other:
  Rubber Particles
       E'.r.issionB


VL
3 res
3
;rs



EOUS
Les
9



J,-'

ftTto
IK Me








3

-
-




— 	











*
                                           264

-------
fj
                / 7 3
OCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION ••*


HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
Sample: ^ 0(, Date: //- / ^o Analyst <_5vy\^>Vi3-ovi2_^/^feJ
Component Vol. % Wt. % Size Range (In Mm) and Remarks
MINERALS
Quartz
Calcite
Gypsum
Feldspar
Clay
Mica:
Other: ^T/d,4<
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
Irregular, Lacy Flyash
t
Coal Fragments fEluc±k
Soot (oil or other)
Burned Wood
iron Oxicle
BIOLOGICAL
Pollen and Spores
Stellate Hairs
Cellulose Fibers
Starch
FnHect Parts
Other:
MISCELLANEOUS
Rubber Particles
Auto Emissions
1 	 .
r
r
3o
7Z*tt



10
10
(0
^o
ib
TfcCicc.

6

7£#£







6
3V
^



;/
?
Cf
rt
1
-
-
^

'








f.O - tJ-0 >y/xi
/



a -5"- is-o ^>^
*.* • IZ.O M*
^.c - 3v 7*0

*3'3 "* «3<5i
-------
OCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
 Sample:
3
»«A


Date: 5
                     HI -VOL FILTER  ANALYSIS  SHEET



                         j Analyst:  ,.
 Component
Vol. %  Wt. %
                                 Size Range (in |xm) and Remarks
       MINERALS
 Quartz
 Calcl te
 Gypsum
 Fe] dspar
 Clny
 Mica:
 Other:
  COMBUSTION  PRODUCTS



 Spherical  Flyash
 Irregular,  Lacy  Flyaah
 Coa] F ragmen ta
  5 A,
 Soot (oil ur other)
 Burned Wood
i
i   	_________„.
 Iron Oxide
      BIOLOGICAL



 Pollen and Spores-
 Stellate Hairs
17
 Cellulose Fibers
 Starch
  Insect Parts




I  Other:
     mscjLLANEoys


 Ruaber Particles



 Auto EinisHionH
_z£_


 16
             _L_
              J

              /!
                sy
                                5
                                           266

-------
lOCA/TfcCHNOlOGY DIVISION
 Sampte:    JV'7
                                              HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
                                                              _^~—
                               Date:
 Component
Vol. %  Wt. %
                                                 Size Range (In M"i) and Remarks
       MINERALS
 Quartz
 Calcite
 Gypsum
  Feldspar
  Clay
 Mica:
   COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
  Spherical Flyash
  Irregular, Lacy Flyash
  Coa] F ragmen tst
                          /o
  Soot  (oil or other)
                      ^2°-
                        lu
\  Burned Wood
  Iron Ox Id i-
 (•—
     BIOLOGICAL
Pollen and  Spores
Stellate  Hairs
  Cellulose Fibers
 i Starch
  Insert Parts
 	
  Other:
h
      MISCELLANEOUS
  Rubber Particles
  Auto  Emissions
                          jr
                              JL
                               f
                                           267

-------
OCA/TECHNOtOGY DIVISION
                                             HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
r
           £ V
                               Date:
 Component
                       Vol%  Wt.
                                                  Size Range On urn) and Remarks
       MINERALS
 Quartz
   o] cite
 Gypsum
  Fuldepar
  Clny
 Mien:
 COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
; irregular,  Lacy Flyash
      Fragments
  i oot  (oil or other)
  liurned Wood
      HIOLOCICAL
   o .Iff: and Spores
  Stclloie Hairs
  ;cl lu lose Fibers
'  '• t u rch
  Insect Parts
        Particles
      Knilsslons
                        25"
                         ^o
                          10
                         /o
                         /o
                                                 /  t?
                               /C?
                              _/!_.
                                                           . o
                                                o  -  y 4 >
                                                             -^ZL_^
                                             .^Zl
                                                           0
                             .JL	__..].
                                          268

-------
7/3 ?/ 7 8
OCA/TECHNOLOGY DlVISIOh
Sample: ^ ^ /
Component
MINERALS
Quartz
Calclte
Gypsum
Feldspar
Clay
Mica:
Other:
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
Irregular, Lacy Flyash
i „
Coal Fragments ^f'^.-jr, -^
Soot (oil or other)
Burned Wood
iron Oxide
BIOLOGICAL
Pollen and Spores
Stellate Hairs
Cellulose Fibers
Starch
Insect Parts
Other:
MISCELLANEOUS
Rubber Particles
Auto Emissions


If**

Vol. %
*5
to






/o
/o
H6
to

•"6



ftncc
^








Date:
Wt. %
2,
23






?
7
#7
} /•»-
a.

^




/







HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
4~/ ^ - 8^> Analyst ^ ^j&a^ 0 A^fe
Size Range (In Mm) and Remarks

/ • 0 - JS, v /w *r\






2.0 JS-C ^^
/
3t> V7 .Q ^m
/
Jo *f3 . O~ ^
/
f ^ /3.0+,^
/













         269

-------
OCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION O«A
i
i — - , ---.-.,.,--
, Sampwt ^ *y Q o


Date: V-
                                                         (s /
                                             HI-VOL FILTEfl ANALYSIS SHEET
                                                ]*
 Component
                        Vol%  Wt.%
                                                 Size Range On /im) and Remarks
       MINERALS
 Quartz
1 Calclte

r	
i Gypsum
1^.
 Feldspar
j Clny


i Mica:



! Other:
  COMBUSTION  PRODUCTS


 Spherical Flyash
 Irregular,  Lacy Flyash
i Coal Fragmentsy /"/ ya.
 Scot (oil  or  other)
        Wood
!  Iron Oxide
j.	
      BIOLOGICAL


  Pollen and Spores
  Stellate Hairs
\  OlluloBC Fibers
   larch
  JriHt'ct Parts
  Other:
 Rubber Particles
 mito Emissions
                         to
                         /o
                                                0
                                   .-,_



                                   .J_
                              uL
                                7-
                                                        ?:±_-^ ^±
                                                       -^
                                         270

-------
    \ i' £ I i
OCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
                                             Hi- VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
 Sample:
        Date:
'Analyst:
 Component
VoL%  Wt.%
Size Range (In urn) and Remarks
MINERALS
Qvjartz
" " """"" '"•
Calcite
Gypaura
Feldeper
Clny
Mica:
Other:
" " "•
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
Irregular, Lacy Flyash
Cnnl Fragment s/^^
! oot (oil or other)
liurucd Wood
1 lun Oxide
BIOLOGICAL


3°






/&
f
If
^o

+5*



33



__ - .


^
5~
23
it

5-


















                                                            	~7
                          s
' Stellate  Hairs
 Cellulose  Fibers
 starch
        Parts
 itl.er:
     MISCELLANEOUS
 Hubber  Particles
      Emissions
                                        271

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l/i) /  i- t- S (/ '  t-
OCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION



sample: t? 7 c. /y^
Soot (oil or other)
Burned Wood
Iron Oxide
Pollen and Spores
Stellate Hairs
Cellulose Fibers
Starch
In.sect Parts
Other:
MISCELLANEOUS
Rubber Particles
Auto Emissions

1
\ ••*




Vol. %

-6
26






25
*&
Zt>
/O

fact
/o

face
-1"
fa 7
7

75- -fro^
1









                                                             272

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OCA/TECHNOIDGY DIVISION

Sample: ^Y/P
Component
MINERALS
Quartz
Calcite
Gypsum
Feldspar
Clay
Mica:
&t*WH"- (5/*:>'>
	 o
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
Irregular, Lacy Flyash
/
Coal Fragments £7 7,4 '<>^
Soot (oil or other)
Burned Wood
Iron Oxide
BIOLOGICAL
Pollen and Spores
Stellate Hairs
Cellulose Fibers
Starch
Insect Parts
Other:
MI SCELLANEOUS
Rubber Particles
Auto Emissions

i
1 ••A


Vol. %


7,5




<5"

?-o
to
7,0
/o
i
+6

/o

rgAcsi
fitoa'









Date:
Wt. %


Z*l




z.

n
/o
rt
/o
-f"
1
5"

£,


—








HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS_5HccT
•y-^2. tfo Analyst ^^TC^^jzJ^^k^
Size Range (In pm) and Remarks


/-/ -• ^2>ti ~Y~>
2> 2 ~ 2 O J *y o



/» o / 3 'O *-t /r\
i









273

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OCA/TECHNOIOGY DIVISION
 Sampto:
                                              HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
                                 Date:
 Component
VoL %  Wt. %
                                                   Size Range (In ptm) and Remarks
       MINERALS
 Quartz
                                 3
 Calcite
                                 il*
                          1 -O  -  &O , 0
                                                                3-
 Oypsum
 Feldspar
 Clay
I	
! Mica:
I	
I Other:
  COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
 Spherical Flyash
                                               / • £>  -  2- V' 0
 Irregular, Lacy Flyash
                                                         2.
 Coal
               i  r'^u
j Soot (oil or other)
                          10
I Buined Wood
  Iron Oxide
      BIOLOGICAL
 Pollen and Spores
                           5
i Stellate Hairs
, Cellulose Fibers
'•  Starch
j. 	
:  Insect Parts
1  other:
     >O.SCELLANEOUS
  kubber Particles
 Auto Emissions
                                            274

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                                 APPENDIX D

                  SUMMARIES OF SYNOPTIC WEATHER CONDITIONS
                              ON SAMPLING DAYS
2 January 1978

     Rapidly moving cold front just east of study area at start of period.
     A 1010 mb low north of area deepens and moves northeastward.   High
     pressure ridge dominates western part of U.S.   Light-moderate
     westerly surface winds indicated.   Overcast with light snow showers
     most of day.  Little accumulation.

14 January 1978

     A 999 mb low near Cape Hatteras at start of period.  Moves up Atlantic
     Coast during day.  Light-moderate northerly winds indicated.   Overcast
     with snow throughout day.  1.8 inches accumulation.

1 February 1978

     A 1033 high centered west of study area at start of period drifts
     slowly eastward during day.  Ill-defined high pressure area breaks
     in two with main center near Cape Hatteras at end of period.   Winds
     very light and variable.  Overcast much of period.  Snow showers
     early in period.  Little accumulation.

7 February 1978
     A 984 mb low centered off the coast just east of Philadelphia at the
     start of period moves rapidly northeastward during the day.  Large
     high pressure wedge dominates central part of country.  Moderate
     northwesterly winds early in a.m.  decreasing during the day.   Over-
     cast much of period.  Light snow and snow showers morning and evening.
     Light accumulation.

13 February 1978
     A 1020 col over area at start of period.  Very weak gradient.  A
     1002 low developing in Oklahoma moves east-northeastward during day
     and is just to the southwest of study area at end of period.   Winds
     shift to northeasterly and increase in speed during day.  Overcast
     by midmorning.  Snow breaks out in early afternoon; 1 in. accumulation.
                                     275

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19 February 1978

     A 1005 low east of Cape Hatteras at start of period with cold front
     crossing Florida.   Low deepens and moves east-northeasterly during
     day.  Weak and poorly defined pressure gradient throughout period.
     Few snow showers early a.m.   Very little accumulation.   Skies clear
     by 10 a.m.   Some midday cloudiness.

9 March 1978

     Eastern U.S. dominated by 1027 high centered over northwest Iowa
     during the start of the period, plus 3 weak lows in the southwest.
     Low on Gulf Coast  deepens to 1005 mb and extends northwestward to the
     remains of low in Kentucky during day.  Weak gradient over study area
     throughout period.  No precipitation.

21 March 1978

     At the start of the period,  a very weak frontal system extends from
     the Atlantic onshore at Hatteras, northwestward to point just south
     of study area, then westward, then southwestward to Texas.  Also, a
     weak cold front extends from a 1006 mb low in northern Minnesota to
     northern Texas.  During the  day the two fronts merge and pass the
     study area.  Wind  shifts from southerly to westerly.  Brief rain
     showers from 1 to  6 p.m.

14 April 1978

     High pressure ridge extends  from North Dakota and Minnesota to the
     Carolinas throughout the period.  Gradient weakens as Atlantic low
     moves off to the northeast.   Light westerly flow indicated.  No
     precipitation.

26 April 1978

     Extensive low pressure area  (1008 mb)  extends from Florida northwest-
     ward into Tennessee at start of period with north-south ridge further
     west.  Low intensifies, moves northeastward, and is over Hatteras at
     end of day.  Northeasterly winds indicated.  Overcast,  but no
     precipitation.

20 May 1978
     A 1020 high to south of study area with weak cold front extending from
     Lake Superior southwestward  at start of period.  During the day, a
     1005 mb low forms  on the front, moves  eastward north of the Great
     Lakes, and the cold front approaches the study area.  Southerly winds
     increase in speed  as front approaches.  Increasing clouds.  Light
     rain in evening.

26 May 1978
     High centered near study area all of period.  Light, variable winds.
     No precipitation.
                                     276

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1 June 1978
     A 1008 mb low centered in North Dakota at start of period moves to
     northern Lake Superior during day.  Cold front from this low approaches
     study area from west.  Associated warm front extends eastward through
     Great Lakes, moves southward as a weak cold front and reaches
     Pittsburgh at 1300 EST.  Light, variable winds indicated.
7 June 1978
     Remnants of low in northern Texas, dissapating east-west front
     through Carolinas and Tennessee, and a cold front along the Canadian
     border at start of period.  During the day this cold front moves
     southward and extends from Lake Huron to Oklahoma at end of the day.
     Light, variable winds at start.  Gradient tightens as front approaches
     and winds become southwesterly.  Precipitation from 6 a.m. to 4 p.m.
     Overcast throughout.
7 July 1978
     Study area on back side of high centered just off Atlantic Coast at
     start of period.   Weak frontal system moves eastward during day
     reaching Chicago  area by end of period.   Light south-southwesterly
     flow indicated throughout.  Haze.
13 July 1978
     A 1021 high centered over study area at start of period moves eastward
     during day.  Cold front approaching from the west reaches northwestern
     Ohio by end of period.   Light,  variable winds at start of period become
     southerly and increase in speed.   Becomes overcast by midday.
19 July 1978
     Study area between two frontal systems throughout period.   Weak
     gradient and variable winds.   Southeast to southwest flow indicated.
25 July 1978
     A 1023 mb high centered near study area and remains of stationary
     front to the south at start of period.   Light southeasterly flow.
     Cloudy but no precipitation.  During the period the high moves
     northeastward and the flow becomes southerly with the approach of
     frontal system from the northwest.  Weak low forming along Atlantic
     Coast.
31 July 1978
     East-west frontal system south of study area at start of period.
     Overcast with rain showers,  fog and haze.   Weak low forms on front
     and moves eastward.   Showers over by midmorning.   Variable winds.
                                    277

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6 August 1978

     High pressure ridge extends northeasterly from Missouri to the Great
     Lakes at the start of the period.   Stationary front just south of
     study area.   Rain showers, fog and haze.   Cold front approaches from
     the northwest and weakens.  Low forms on stationary front southwest
     of study area during period.   Winds light and variable.

12 August 1978

     Weak stationary front extends from eastern Pennsylvania westward below
     study area to low in Kansas at start of period.  Little activity along
     front during day.  Mostly overcast with haze and fog.  No precipitation.
     Variable winds.

18 August 1978

     North-south ridge line over study  area at start of period moves slowly
     eastward during the day.   Withs its passage, light variable winds
     become southerly, but remain light.  Clouds increase but no precipitation.

24 August 1978

     A 1023 high centered over Virginia at start of period with east-west
     front north of study area.  Front  moves southward but remains north
     of the area thoughout the period.   Light southwesterly flow indicated.
     Increasing clouds, but no precipitation.

30 August 1978

     At the start of the period, tropical storm Debbra is located over
     southeast Arkansas.  Cone frontal  system extends northwestward from
     southeast Texas to the Atlantic Coast near Washington, passing
     slightly below the study area.  Also, a cold front over Lake Superior
     is moving rapidly southeastward.  During the period the remains of
     Debbra merges with the first frontal system and approaches the study
     area, and the cold front reaches northwest Ohio.  Rain and fog through-
     out the day.  Variable winds.

5 September 1978
     A 1020 high centered west of study area at start of period with
     east-west cold front north of Great Lakes.  Region of high pressure
     remains over area throughout period.  Light, variable winds.
     Clear skies.

17 September 1978

     At start of period an east-west front extends from Massachusetts
     through study area, then westward.  Influenced by the remains of a
     north-south cold front advancing from the west, a weak low forms
     west of the study area.  Flow remains southerly but increases
     slightly in speed.  Overcast, fog and haze.  No precipitation.
                                    278

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11 October 1978
     High pressure ridge extends southward along east coast throughout
     period.   Light southerly flow indicated.   Increasing cloudiness during
     the day with rain shower in evening.

4 November 1978

     High pressure ridge extends southwestward over study area throughout
     the period.   Very light, variable winds.   Some fog,  smoke, and haze.

10 November 1978

     Very weak pressure gradient over study area throughout period.
     Light, variable winds.   Fog until early afternoon.   Some haze.  No
     precipitation.

28 December 1978

     Axis of large high pressure ridge moves eastward over study area
     during the period.  Light,  variable winds.
                                    279

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                                 APPENDIX E

                         CHEMICAL ANALYTICAL METHODS
ANALYTICAL METHODS

     All samples for atomic absorption analysis were prepared by a hot acid
extraction; the procedure used is outlined in "General Atomic Absorption
Procedure For Trace Metals In Airborne Material Collected On Membrane Filters"
(Section 822 in Methods Of Air Sampling And Analysis, 2nd Edition, American
Public Health Association).  Lead and iron analysis was done by direct flame
AA; Mercury was analyzed by the Cold Vapor method; graphite furnace AA was
used for arsenic and vanadium analysis.

     Samples to be analyzed by ion chromatography were prepared by extraction
in hot water.

QUALITY CONTROL RESULTS

     All atomic absorption and ion chromatography analyses included quality
control samples.  The results of these analyses are shown in the following
sections.

Lead

     EPA performance survey samples were analyzed in August 1979, using the
same preparation and analysis procedures used for the samples from this pro-
ject.  The performance survey samples are hi-vol filters spiked with a known
concentration of lead.  The target range for acceptability set by EPA for
these samples is +10 percent.  The results of the performance survey follow.


                 Sample    GCA value    EPA value
                 number     (yg/m3)      (yg/m3)     _% difference

                   1        3.230        3.530         -8.50

                   2       12.380       12.860         -3.73
                   3        5.330        5.830         -8.89

                   4        7.800        7.930         -1.64
                                     280

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Iron

     Spiked samples were prepared and analyzed.  The results of this analysis
follow.

                Sample    Reported value    Spike
                number      (yig/ml)	     (yg/ml)    % difference

                  1         10.1             10.1         +1.00
                  2          6.6               7.0         -5.71

                  3         32.5             30.0         +8.33

                  4        480.0            500.0         -4.0

Vanadium, Arsenic and Mercury

     EPA trace metal samples were included with the samples to be analyzed for
Vanadium, Arsenic and Mercury.  The trace metal samples were prepared in the
laboratory from EPA concentrates.  The trace metal concentrations in the dilu-
ted sample are certified by EPA.


                                Reported value    EPA value
                                   (yg/l)          (ug/l)

                 Arsenic (1)        33.0            26.0

                 Arsenic (2)        35.0            40.0

                 Mercury            <1.0             0.8

                 Vanadium           70.0            52.0

     In addition, a laboratory quality control sample was analyzed for Vana-
dium.  This sample had an accepted concentration value of 3.0 yg/ml; the
value reported by the lab was 2.5 pg/ml.  Some difficulty was experienced with
the analysis of the EPA Trace Metal Sample for Vanadium since its concentra-
tion was near the detection limit for that element.

     Arsenic analysis by AA presents numerous difficulties; the agreement
shown above between the reported value and EPA value is acceptable in view
of the interferences associated with arsenic analysis by AA.

     All atomic absorption analysis was done in duplicate; the precision was
quite good.  There was insufficient sample to do duplicate extractions.

ION CHROMATOGRAPHY ANALYSIS

     EPA performance survey samples for nitrate and sulfate were analyzed
with the samples from this project.  The results of this analysis have not
yet been received from EPA.  However, the results of the March 1979 Sulfate-
Nitrate Performance Survey are available.  These audit samples were analyzed
using the same methods used on this project.  The target range for accepta-
bility established by EPA for this analysis is +15 percent.


                                     281

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Sulfate Results
                    Sample
                    number
                     1185
                     2243
                     4157
                     7228
GCA value
 33.150
 11.700
 20.460
 23.910
EPA value
 (yg/m3)
 33.000
 12.000
 20.400
 24.000
% difference
    0.45
   -2.50
    0.29
   -0.38
Nitrate Results
                    Sample
                    number
                     0045
                     1095
                     3095
                     5095
GCA value
 (yg/m3)
  1.35
  3.96
 10.35
  8.85
EPA value
 (yg/m3)
  1.50
  3.60
 12.0
  9.90
% difference
  -10.00
  +10.00
  -13.75
  -10.61
                                     282

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
   EPA 905/4-80-007
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
              INTERREGIONAL TSP STUDY FOR  THE
               STEUBENVILLE-WEIRTON-WHEELING
                      INTERSTATE AQCR
5. REPORT DATE
       October  198Q_
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
           Kenneth W.  Wiltsee, Jr., Frank  A.  Record
           Susan  E.  Pultz, Frederick M.  Sellars
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO,


    GCA-TR-80-53-G
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

         GCA CORPORATION
         GCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
         Bedford,  Massachusetts
                                                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

    68-02-2538
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
       U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
       Region V
       230 South  Dearborn St.
	Chicago, Illinois  60604	
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
       Final Report
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
       The  objective of this effort is  to  assist the states of Ohio  and West Virginia
  in defining  the causes of nonattainment  of  TSP standards in the  Steubenvilie-Weirton-
  Wheeling  Interstate AQCR.  This effort was  carried out using microinventories, micro-
  scopic and chemical analysis, meteorological studies, and dispersion modeling.

       The  conclusion of this study is  that  24-hour violations of  the NAAQS for sus-
  pended particulates often occur as a  result of emissions from  a  specific plant or
  plants; bringing these plants into compliance with existing regulations should result
  in attainment  of the short-term secondary  standard.  Attainment  of the annual primary
  standard, however, is not likely to occur based only on enforcement of existing
  regulations.    Control of fugitive emissions and fugitive dust,  in addition to
  compliance of  point source stack emissions, is reguired to meet  the annual NAAQS.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
        Total Suspended Particulates
        Fugitive  Dust
        Polynuclear  Aromatic Hydrocarbons
        Particulate  Composition
                                              b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
              c.  COSATl Field/Group
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
                                               19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                                                   Release Unlimited
              21. NO. OF PAGES

                   297
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                   Release Unlimited
                                                                          22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)
                      PREVIOUS EDITION IS OBSOLETE

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