fxEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Air and Hazardous
Materials Division
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, Illinois 60604
EPA 905/4 80-007
October 1980
Region V
Interregional TSP Study For
The Steubenville-Weirton-
Wheeling Interstate Air
Quality Control Region
-------
GCA-TR-80-53-G
Prepared for
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Contract No.-68-02-2539
Task Order No. 9
EPA Project Officer EPA Task Manager
Tom Williams John Paskevicz
INTERREGIONAL TSP STUDY FOR THE
STEUBENVILLE-WEIRTON-WHEELING
INTERSTATE AQCR
Final Report
October 1980
Prepared by
Kenneth W. Wiltsee Jr.
Frank A. Record
Susan E. Pultz
Frederick M. Sellars
GCA CORPORATION
GCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
Bedford, Massachusetts
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region V, Library '
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, Illinois 60604
-------
DISCLAIMER
This Final Report was furnished to the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency by GCA Corporation, .GCA/Technology Division, 213 Burlington Road,
Bedford, Massachusetts, 01730, in fulfillment of Contract No. 68-02-2539,
Task Order No. 9. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed are
those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Environmental
Protection Agency or of cooperating agencies. Mention of company or product
names is not to be considered as an endorsement by the Environmental
Protection Agency.
Environmental Protection Agency
-------
ABSTRACT
The objective of this effort is to assist the states of Ohio and West
Virginia in defining the causes of nonattainment of TSP standards in the
Steubenville-Weirton-Wheeling Interstate AQCR. This effort was carried out
using microinventories, microscopic and chemical analysis, meteorological
studies, and dispersion modeling.
The conclusion of this study is that 24-hour violations of the NAAQS for
suspended particulates often occur as a result of emissions from a specific
plant or plants; bringing these plants into compliance with existing regula-
tions should result in attainment of the short-term secondary standard.
Attainment of the annual primary standard, however, is not likely to occur
based only on enforcement of existing regulations. Control of fugitive emis-
sions and fugitive dust, in addition to compliance of point source stack
emissions, is required to meet the annual NAAQS,
iii
-------
CONTENTS
Abstract iii
Figures v
Tables vii
Acknowledgment i*
Executive Summary x
1. Introduction .... 1
Purpose of study 1
Data Base 1
2. Inventory Development 5
Point source inventory 5
Microinventory methodology 6
Results 9
3. Microscopic Analysis 13
Methodology 13
Results 15
4. Chemical Analysis 24
Methodology 24
Results 24
Significance of organics 28
5. Air Quality Emissions Analysis 31
Methodology 31
Results 32
6. Source Impact Analysis 65
Interspecies correlations 65
Upwind-downwind comparison 67
Other studies 74
Conclusions 76
References 79
Appendices
A. Point source inventory 80
B. Micro inventory 83
C. Filter analysis results 200
D. Summaries of synoptic weather conditions on sampling days . . . 273
E. Chemical analytical methods 278
-------
FIGURES
Number Page
1 Monitor site locations 2
2 One-mile radius sectors for describing location of particulate
sources and predominant land use classification 7
3 Average composition of particulates at 20 hi-vol sites as
determined from preliminary screening (n = 55) 17
4 Comparison of particulate composition on days with high and low
concentrations and on summer and winter days as determined
from preliminary screening 18
5 'Composition of particulates on selected filters from 19 sites
(n - 37) 19
6 Comparison of particulate composition on days with high and low
concentrations and on summer and winter days as determined
from selected filters from 19 sites 20
7 Point source emission density map 33
8 Average TSP concentrations during quasi-valleywide violation
days 36
9a Wind direction roses for selected days at East Liverpool
(Fire Station) 42
9b Point source summary - East Liverpool Fire Station 43
lOa Wind direction roses for selected days at East Liverpool
(City Hall) 44
lOb Point source summary - East Liverpool City Hall 45
11 Comparison of wind directions at Wellsburg when the concentra-
tion at the Fire Station in East Liverpool exceeds that at
the City Hall with those when the concentration gradient
is reversed 46
12a Wind direction roses for selected days at Wellsville 48
12b Point source summary - Wellsville 49
v
-------
FIGURES (continued)
Number Page
13a Wind direction roses for selected days as Weirton 50
13b Point source summary - Weirton 51
I4a Wind direction roses for selected days at Steubenville
(Jefferson County Building) 52
14b Point source summary - Steubenville, Jefferson County
Building 52
15a Wind direction roses for selected days at Steubenville
(Court House) 55
15b Point source summary - Steubenville Court House 56
16 Comparison of wind directions at Steubenville on days when the
concentration at the Jefferson County Building exceeds that
at the Court House with those when the concentration gradient
is reversed 57
17a Wind direction roses for selected days at Follensbee 58
17b Point source summary - Follansbee . 59
I8a Wind direction roses for selected days at Mingo Junction ... 60
I8b Point source summary - Mingo Junction 61
19a Wind direction roses for selected days at Clarington 63
I9b Point source summary - Clarington .... 64
20 24-hour TSP concentration - March 21 75
21 24-hour TSP concentration - March 26 77
vi
-------
Number
1
2
3
4
5a
5b
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
TABLES
1978 Total Suspended Particulate Concentrations
Particulate Emission Factors
Microinventory Source Impact Computations
Actual and Allowable Point Source Impacts Using Pace
Equation
Filter Selection
Filter Selection
Variation in Composition Data Obtained from 37 Filters ....
Particle Size Distribution
Cumulative Size Distributions of Coal, Fly Ash, and Soot
Particles
Chemical Composition, Data from 20 Sites
Organics Composition Data
Chemical Composition Data from 26 Filters
Comparison of Sulfate Concentrations Determined by Two
Laboratories
Frequency Distribution of Number of Site Violators
Number of Violations and Average Concentration at Each Site
by Violation Category
Combined Wind Direction Frequency Distribution and Average
Wind Speed for Valleywide Violation Days
Combined Wind Direction Frequency Distribution and Average
Wind Speed for Quasi-Valleywide Violation Days
Page
3
8
10
12
14
16
21
22
23
23
25
26
27
28
32
34
37
38
vii
-------
TABLES (continued)
Number Page
18 Frequency Distribution of Wind Direction, Average Wind Speed
and Site Exceedances on Isolated Violation Days 39
19 Number of Exceedances Per Site on Isolated Violation Days ... 41
20 Correlation Coefficients and Mean Percentage 66
21 Correlation Matrix of Optical and Chemical Analysis 68
22 Source Category Impacts 78
Vlll
-------
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
GCA would like to acknowledge the support provided by John Paskevicz and
Jim Phillips of EPA Region V and Bill Belanger of EPA Region III, as well as
the state and local agencies responsible for air quality in the valley. The
microscopic analysis was performed by Susan Bianchetti under the direction of
Dr. Charles Spooner of GCA and the chemical analyses by Mary Kozik under the
direction of Dr. Kenneth McGregor. Gary Hunt provides the summary of organics
concentrations.
IX
-------
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Steubenville-Weirton-Wheeling AQCR includes a heavily industrialized
section of the Ohio River. Numerous steel mills, coal-fired power plants,
and other industrial sources, many of which emit significant quantities of
particulate, line the river; the hills that form the valley extend about 500
feet above river level.
This combination of high regional particulate emission plus the poor
ventilation normally observed in a valley result in an area with a strong
potential to exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for
particulate matter. These standards, which are designed to protect the public
health, state that the annual concentration should not exceed 75 yg/m and
that a daily concentration of 260 yg/m3 can only be exceeded once per year.
Secondary standards set up to protect the public welfare are 150 yg/m3 as a
24-hour average, to be exceeded only once per year, and a 60 yg/m annual
guideline which is to be used for assessment of attainment of the short-term
standard.
Review of the 1978 air quality data recorded at sites throughout the
region indicates that most sites exceed the annual primary standard and that
several sites exceed the 24-hour standard. Only East Rochester, which is
not located within the valley, was in attainment of all standards.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of nonattainmentj
in particular, identifying particular sources or source classes that contribute
significantly to high observed concentrations.
Throughout the study, reference is made to three general classes of emis-
sions, i.e., point source emissions, fugitive emissions and fugitive dust
emissions. Point source emission include gaseous and particulate emissions
which are emitted through a primary exhaust system, such as a stack, flue, or
control system. An example of this type of emission is the exhaust gases from
a coal combustion boiler. Fugitive emissions include both gaseous and partic-
ulate emissions that result from industrial related operations and which escape
to the atmosphere through windows, doors, vents, etc., but not through a pri-
mary exhaust system. Fugitive emissions may result from metallurgical furnace
operations, materials handling, transfer and storage operations, and other
industrial processes where emissions escape to the atmosphere. Fugitive dust
emissions, on the other hand, are generally related to natural or man-associated
dusts (particulate only) that become airborne due to the forces of wind, man's
activity, or both. Fugitive dust emissions may include windblown particulate
matter from unpaved dirt roads, tilled farm lands, exposed surface areas at
construction sites, etc. Natural dusts that become airborne during dust storms
are also included as fugitive dusts.
-------
SUMMARY OF TASKS
The project was divided into five separate tasks; these were:
Point Source Inventory Collection
Site-Specific Microinventory Development
Chemical and Microscopic Analysis of Hi-Vol Filters
Meteorological Data Analysis
Source-Receptor Impact Analysis
The point source inventory was based upon data supplied by the States
representative of calendar year 1977. As the base year for air quality and
meteorological data is 1978, the inventory was modified to reflect the closing
of three facilities during 1977. No further effort was made to reflect 1978
emissions. In general, it was found that the majority of point sources in
the valley were out of compliance with emissions regulations, often by a
factor of 2 or more. This is true for sources both in Ohio and West Virginia.
Review of compliance schedule for the major emitters indicates all should meet
point source emissions standards by the end of 1982. In performing this study,
a range of emissions bounded by actual and allowable levels was used to evalu-
ate the potential impact of point sources.
These inventories summarize only point source emissions and do not address
the fugitive and fugitive dust emissions from facilities in the valley. These
latter emissions are generally uninventoried and uncontrolled. Determination
of the impact of these emissions so that the effect of regulations can be eval-
uated is one of the goals of the present study.
Microinventories were developed for 20 monitor sites in the valley. This
involved performing a detailed survey within a 1-mile radius of each monitor.
Sources of combustion and fugitive emissions were inventoried. An empirical
model which can be used to compute the impact of each source on the monitor
was applied to the 20 monitors. The results of this procedure indicated that
the model was apparently not applicable to an industrialized, rural area. The
model had been developed using data from urban areas. The point source sub-
model of this procedure, however, which is based on a distance-weighed rollback
model, was used to estimate the impact on TSP levels of noncompliance with
emissions regulations. The results indicated that a 60 to 95 percent reduction
in point source impacts would result if all sources were in compliance.
Chemical and microscopic analysis of about 80 hi-vol filters exposed
during 1978 was carried out. Microscopically, particles were sized and
categorized by phase. The principal phases observed were flyash, coal frag-
ments, soot, iron oxides, minerals, and biologicals. The concentration of
various ions and elements was determined using chemical analytical techniques.
Data are provided as to the concentrations of arsenic, iron, lead, mercury,
vanadium, nitrates, sulfates, chlorides, ammonium, and polycyclic organic
matter found on the hi-vol filters. This information is not available for
all filters due to sample unavailability and resource limitations.
XI
-------
A meteorological analysis was performed for a total of 30 days during
1978 on which at least one monitor exceeded 150 pg/m3. These days were cate-
gorized into valleywide, quasi-valleywide, and isolated cases depending upon
the number of monitors exceeding the standard. Differences in regional wind
patterns were studied on violation days versus nonviolation days in an
attempt to identify sources potentially producing high concentrations.
As a final task, the chemical, microscopic, meteorological, and emissions
data were applied to a series of monitors which were selected using two cri-
teria. One was that the concentration difference between adjacent monitors
be great and the second, that the wind direction be well defined. A total
of seven such cases were analyzed.
These case studies generally resulted in one or several facilities in
the valley being identified as the cause of high concentrations. When possible,
this was confirmed using simple diffusion modeling techniques. In several
instances, however, no obvious source could be identified and it was concluded
either that the tests used did not detect the critical difference between
filters, that an error may have occurred in originally determining the mass
of particulate on the filter, or that the particulate on the filter had been
physically lost or chemically changed during storage.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the microscopic and chemical analyses indicated the follow-
ing average breakdown of particulate type on a filter:
SOURCE CATEGORY IMPACT
Concentration
(± Std. Dev.)
Category (yg/m3) Source type
Minerals
Coal fragments
Iron oxide
Flyash
Soot
Sulfates and nitrates3
Otherb
30
21
8
22
10
15
6
(±6.9)
(±6.4)
(±5.5)
(±4.6)
(±3.2)
(±9.7)
(Fugitive emissions
(Fugitive dust
Fugitive emissions
(Fugitive emissions
(Point source emissions
Point source emissions
Point source emissions
(Point source emissions
(Transport
Total 112
Adjusted for SQ^ concentration in flyash.
Includes biologicals, glass, burned wood, and tire rubber.
xii
-------
This tally is based on the filter samples used in the upwind-downwind
analyses and, thus, do not necessarily represent the average condition.
However, the variance in the estimates among the various filters was not
great, giving credence for the use of these numbers to generalize. The
standard deviation in measured TSP values is 62 yg/m3, indicating that a
wide range of concentrations are included in the estimate.
The estimated combustion and process source impact (i.e., emissions from
stacks) range from 32 yg/m3 to about 40 yg/m3. Most of the iron oxide is
assumed to be process emission due to its small size. Mobile sources are
estimated to account for only about 3.4 yg/m3 of this total based on average
lead concentrations on the filter of 0.3 yg/m3. Control of point source
emissions (i.e., those from well-defined stacks) down to the allowable level
will result in a 50 to 95 percent reduction in emissions; this will result in
a reduction of about 22 to 27 yg/m3 in average TSP concentrations. Hence,
control of point source emissions alone is not expected to be adequate for
attainment of the primary annual standard at all sites.
Attainment of the annual standard will require implementation of regula-
tions controlling fugitive dust and fugitive emissions throughout the valley.
Much of the "Minerals" category is composed of fine-grained calcite, some
portion of which results from industrial processes such as limestone crushing.
Coal fragments emitted during pulverizing or entrained from coal piles also
represent a significant portion of total particulates observed on the filters.
Control of fugitive emissions in these categories will be required to attain
the annual standard.
The individual day analyses, however, consistently indicated that exceed-
ance of the secondary 24-hour standard is often caused by the impact of a par-
ticular source or sources on a monitor. In the case studies, the sources which
apparently caused short-term standards violations included:
Ohio Edison Sammis Plant/Stratton
Weirton Steel/Weirton
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel/Mingo Jet.
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel/Yorkville
Koppers Co./Follansbee
Ohio Ferro-Alloy/Clarington
Reduction of the emissions from these sources to the allowable levels
would often have resulted in the 24-hour secondary standard not being exceeded.
This list should not be considered complete due to the limited number of
filters studied. It is very likely that further analysis would identify other
sources as contributing significantly to short-term standards violations.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The following actions are recommended based on the results of this
study:
xiii
-------
Regulations should be developed for the control of fugitive
emissions from industrial sources.
Regulations should be developed for control of fugitive
emissions from coal piles and for the prevention of coal
pile fires.
All point sources should be brought into compliance with
existing emission limitations.
Procedures used by local agencies to determine TSP and
component concentrations should be audited.
xiv
-------
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE OF STUDY
The Steubenville-Weirton-Wheeling AQCR includes a heavily industrialized
section of the Ohio River. Numerous steel mills, coal-fired power plants,
and other industrial sources, many of which emit significant quantities of
particulate, line the river; the mountains that form the valley extend about
500 feet above river level.
This combination of high regional particulate emission plus the poor
ventilation normally observed in a valley result in an area with a strong
potential to exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for
particulate matter. These standards, which are designed to protect the public
health, state that the annual concentration should not exceed 75 yg/m3 and
that a daily concentration of 260 yg/m3 can only be exceeded once per year.
Secondary standards set up to protect the public welfare are 150 yg/m3 as a
24-hour average, to be exceeded only once per year, and a 60 yg/m annual
guideline which is to be used for assessment of attainment of the short-term
standard. (
Review of the 1978 air quality data recorded at sites throughout the
region, those presented in Figure 1, indicate that most sites exceed the
annual primary standard and that several sites exceed the 24-hour standard.
These data are presented in Table 1. Only East Rochester, which is not located
within the valley, was in attainment of all standards.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of nonattainment,
in particular, identifying particular sources or source classes that contribute
significantly to high observed concentrations.
Collection and analysis of data has involved completion of five tasks.
Included is the development of microinventories around 20 monitor sites,
performance of chemical and microscopic analysis on selected filters, review
of meteorological data, and, finally, summarization of all information into
source-receptor relationships.
DATA BASE
Hourly meteorological data for 1978 were collected both from the
National Weather Service and from local agency monitors. Data collected at
the Greater Pittsburgh Airport were used for all parameters other than winds.
-------
SALEM
COLUMBI AN A
EAST
PALESTINE
EAST
ROCHESTER
LISBON
EAST
LIVERPOOL
I
[JEFFERSON L
NEW CUMBERLAND'S
TORONTO^ 2
RICHMOND
o
MINOO JUNCTION
WELLSBURO
MARTINS FERRY
ST. CLAIRSVILLE
268-28
Figure 1. Monitor site locations.
-------
TABLE 1. 1978 TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICIPATE CONCENTRATIONS
Site
New Manchester
New Cumberland
Weirton
Follensbee
Wellsburg
Moundsville
East Liverpool Fire
East Liverpool CH
Wellsville
Toronto
Steubenville- Jefferson
Steubenville CH
Mingo Jet
Brilliant
Tiltonsville
Martins Ferry
Shadyside
Powhattan Pt.
Clarington
Hannibal
Salem CH
Wheeling
Lisbon
East Palestine
East Rochester
Richmond
St. Clairsville
Annual
(yg/ma)
86
72
96
95
82
76
106
88
94
_*
94
109
131
75
77
76
80
97
83
61
93
77
67
64
50
70
59
Second highest
24-hour
(yg/m3)
196
193
208
194
211
168
279
177
269
211
336
279
309
168
152
173
152
253
360
206
289
148
152
149
119
217
151
*Site moved in mid-year.
-------
This includes mixing heights, temperature, and the factors used in determining
stability class. Wind speed and direction data were available on a sporatic
basis from sites in Steubenville, Wellsburg, Weirton, and Wheeling. The
Wellsburg data were most often available and were typically used to charact-
erize valley flow.
Ambient particulate data were supplied from the EPA SAROAD system.
Filters used for chemical and microscopic analysis were supplied by the
responsible local agencies, North Ohio Valley Air Authority and the Northern
Panhandle Regional Office of the West Virginia Air Pollution Control Commission.
The emissions data used in the analysis are described in Section 2.
-------
SECTION 2
INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT
The first step in categorizing the relative impact of sources an an area
such as the Ohio River Valley is to develop an accurate inventory of emis-
sions. For particulates, this includes categorizing both emissions resulting
from fuel combustion and process sources which are emitted through stacks and
also fugitive emissions. Throughout the study, reference is made to three
general classes of emissions, i.e., point source emissions, fugitive emissions
and fugitive dust emissions. Point source emissions include gaseous and par-
ticulate emissions which are emitted through a primary exhaust system, such
as a stack, flue, or control system. An example of this type of emission is
the exhaust gases from a coal combustion boiler. "Fugitive emissions include
both gaseous and particulate emissions that result from industrial related
operations and which escape to the atmosphere through windows, doors, vents,
etc., but not through a primary exhaust system. Fugitive emissions may result
from metallurgical furnace operations, materials handling, transfer and stor-
age operations, and other industrial processes where emissions escape to the
atmosphere. Fugitive dust emissions, on the other hand, are generally related
to natural or man-associated dusts (particulate only) that become airborne due
to the forces of wind, man's activity, or both. Fugitive dust emissions may
include windblown particulate matter from unpaved dirt roads, tilled farm
lands, exposed surface areas at construction sites, etc. Natural dusts that
become airborne during dust storms are also included as fugitive dusts."1
This section describes the attempts made at compiling an accurate inventory
of point sources plus the results of a field program designed to assess the
impact of fugitive emissions at each monitor in the valley.
POINT SOURCE INVENTORY
Inventories of all facilities in the study area with emissions greater
than 25 tons/year were supplied in hard copy form. Ohio, through EPA Region V,
provided the 1975 NEDS point source inventory to serve as the basis for the
study; the W. Virginia agency supplied a listing of 1977 actual and allowable
emissions by source. The latter data did not include stack parameters or
control information. GCA also requested that particle size and composition
data from stacks be supplied; however, it was indicated that this type of data
were unavailable.
Initial review of these data indicated that a number of the NEDS sources
were assigned incorrect site coordinates. These were corrected using a map
supplied by W. Virginia APCC. Late in the project, it was also learned that
Ohio EPA maintained two in-house inventories in which they placed much more
-------
reliance than the NEDS data. These data were the Ohio Emissions Inventory
System (EIS) records for 1977 and a set of hand calculated worksheets represent-
ing 1975 baseline. Comparison of these data sets revealed substantial dif-
ferences, often on the order of thousands of tons/year, in the estimates of
annual emissions. A preliminary review of the data sets indicated that dif-
ferences in fuel use and assumed control efficiency accounted for most of the
discrepancies.
Through discussions with OEPA engineers, it was determined that the actual
emission rates specified in each inventory were appropriate for the period
represented. The allowable emissions in the EIS system were determined to be
in error. It was mutually agreed with OEPA that the actual emissions listed
in the EIS be used in the present study. The allowable emissions for each
source were re-calculated using the hand calculated sheets as a basis and cor-
recting for changes in throughput and control efficiency.
Appendix A presents a list of each major facility in the study area and
specifies location data plus actual and allowable emissions. These data are
assumed to represent the year 1977. Three sources which closed before 1978,
the base year for this study from the standpoint of air quality data, were
deleted from the inventory. These were:
Ohio Power Co. Tidd Plant (August 1976)
Federal Paperboard (August 1977)
Ohio Ferro Alloy (Jefferson County Plant) (August 1977)
MICROINVENTORY METHODOLOGY
Microinventories were developed for 20 monitor sites located throughout
the study area where TSP concentrations exceeded the NAAQS. These sites were
selected because they were judged to be representative of sites experiencing
all of the various particulate problems common to the area. Some sites were
selected because they were close to industrial point sources, while other sites
were chosen because they were located near large sources of fugitive dust.
Site Survey
The first step in developing microinventories was to conduct detailed site
surveys of each of the 20 selected monitor sites. Using aerial photographs as
a guide, the GCA project team surveyed the area within a 1-mile radius of each
monitor site. The 1-mile radius was broken down into sectors as shown in
Figure 2 in order to summarize the locations of particulate sources. Outstand-
ing features of each site were noted, such as the site classification (resi-
dential, commerical, and industrial), type and height of structure, supporting
monitor, distance of monitor from roadway, description of major local surround-
ings, and major local sources. Sources of fugitive dust in each sector and the
size of these sources was also recorded. The fugitive dust sources observed
frequently included unpaved parking lots, cleared areas, railroad yards and un-
paved storage areas. In addition, vehicle miles traveled (VMT) data for major
roadways was obtained from local planning agencies. These data were needed to
estimate the amount of entrained dust from roadways.
-------
C
L
''2
Scalt In milts
268-29
Figure 2. One-mile radius sectors for describing location of
particulate sources and predominant land use
classification.
-------
Emissions from fuel-burning area sources located within a 1-mile radius
of each site were also determined. The States of Ohio and West Virginia each
provided estimates of emissions from residential and commercial sources burning
natural gas, coal and oil for each county. The number of houses in each county
and the portion of houses burning each fuel type were used to estimate the emis-
sions per house. The same distribution of fuel use was assumed for each site,
and the number of houses at each site or site sector counted using aerial photo-
graphs. Multiplying the number of houses in each sector by the emissions rate
for each fuel type provided estimates of emissions from residential and commer-
cial structures for each sector. Estimates of industrial emissions by sector
were gathered from NEDS data and the state.
Emissions Calculation
The data from the site surveys were then summarized into the format devel-
oped by T.G. Pace, as shown in Appendix B. Once the activity rate for each
fugitive source had been identified for each sector the emission factors were
applied. The emission factors selected were those used in a recent study of
TSP in the Pittsburgh area.2 Since the study area is so close to Pittsburgh,
the climatological and soil characteristics which determine fugitive emissions,
were assumed to be identical. Table 2 shows the fugitive emission factors
applied to the source activity rates identified through the site survey.
TABLE 2. PARTICULATE EMISSION FACTORS
Source category
Emission
factor
Units
Railroad yards
Reentrained dust
Clean paved streets
Commercial streets
Exhaus t
Unpaved roads
Cleared or exposed areas
Construction
Agriculture
Aggregate storage
Slag piles
Unpaved parking lots
Unpaved storage areas
Coal storage
0.03 ton/ac/yr
2.6
11.3
0.6
2.3
0.02
0.21
0.02
1.4
0.5
1.1
0.1
0.97
g/VMT
g/VMT
g/VMT
Ib/VMT
ton/ac/yr
ton/ac/mo
ton/ac/yr
ton/ac/yr
ton/ac/yr
Ib/VMT
ton/ac/yr
ton/ac/yr
-------
RKStJT.TS
The Pace equation was used to predict the area, local and point source
impacts at each of the 20 monitor sites. The Area Source Summaries comprise
the area source component of the Pace equation. The local source component
is based on estimates of emissions generated by traffic on roadways within 200
ft of the monitor. The point source component is emissions from point sources
within a 10-mile radius of the monitor. Table 3 presents a summary of area,
local, and point source impacts at each monitor site as derived using the
following equation:
AVGAQ = 0.00451 (AREA) + 0.00096 (POINT)
+50.5 (LOCAL)
where
AVGAQ = Annual geometric mean (yg/m3)
AI jr A2+A3+A4+A5
ARFA =
__ - _ -- _
0.0324 HGT 0.16 0.6084
The constants 0.0324, 0.16 and 0.6084 are the square of
the radius in miles to the area weighted center of the
annular ring defined by the sectors in the numerator.
A = Total area source emissions in sector i, tons/yr
HGT = Height of sampler, ft
n PSEM.
POINT = J] - - (WWF)
1=1 D±2
n = Number of point sources within 10 miles (16 kilometers)
PSEM. = Emissions from point source i, ton/yr
D^^ = Distance to point source i, mile
(lower limit of D. Is 0.5)
WWF = Wind weighting factor, computed as annual wind direction
frequency of occurrence (percent) in quadrant where source
is located, divided by 25.
LOCAL = lnADTl + lnADT2
!2 A/HGT2+DIS22
-------
TABLE 3. MICROINVENTORY SOURCE IMPACT COMPUTATIONS
OHIO
East Liverpool Fire
East Liverpool City Hall
Wellsville
Toronto
Steubenville (Adams)
Steubenville (Courthouse)
Mingo Junction
Brilliant
Tiltonsville
Martins Ferry
Shadyside
Powhattan Point
Clarington
Hannibal
WEST VIRGINIA
New Manchester
New Cumberland
Weirton
Follansbee
Wellsburg
Moundsville
Area
(yg/m3)
0.38
0.65
1.17
0.52
0.55
0.44
0.93
0.61
0.68
1.48
1.20
0.54
0.13
0.32
0.13
0.24
0.62
2.17
0.80
0.97
Point
(yg/m3)
0.70
1.42
2.21
6.00
8.20
9.31
12.3
54.7
4.5
0.95
1.16
12.91
0.88
0.18
10.97
10.54
8.00
25.38
4.79
35.07
Local
(yg/m3)
8.37
3.78
4.36
3.88
11.26
8.45
10.51
1.98
15.05
15.12
12.50
4.13
8.50
2.62
5.82
6.20
3.18
2.01
2.90
5.60
Total 1978 Observed
(yg/m3) (yg/m3)
9.45
5.85
7.74
10.4
20.01
18.20
23.74
57.29
20.23
17.55
14.86
17.58
9.51
3.12
16.92
16.98
11.80
29.56
8.49
41.64
106
90
94
*
94
109
131
75
77
76
80
97
83
61
86
72
96
95
82
76
Site moved in mid-year.
10
-------
ADT. = Average daily traffic on nearby road 1, veh/day
DIS. = Distance to road i, ft
1 (upper limit of DIS. is 200 ft)
The wind direction factors, WWF, were computed using Pittsburgh data
and are
i
Source bearing (deg) WWF
315.1 - 45.0 0.726
45.1 - 135.0 0.731
135.1 - 225.0 0.846
225.1 - 315.0 1.693
A correlation analysis between the predicted total particulate concentration
plus each of the components (area, point, and local) indicated no significant
agreement. An obvious outlier, the Brilliant site which is dominated by several
major power plants, was removed from the analysis but no significant improvement
was gained.
The conclusion of this analysis is that the Pace equation, which was em-
pirically developed using urban data, can not realistically be used in a rural,
industrial area which is apparently dominated both by tall stacks (stack height
is not a factor in the Pace equation) and by fugitive process and storage pile
emissions.
With this conclusion in mind, an attempt can be made to assess the impact
of noncompliance of point sources on ambient particulate levels. Table 4
presents estimates of particulate concentrations, based upon Pace's extremely
simple point source model, for actual emission rates and allowable emission
rates.* Used in this manner, the values in Table 4 provide an estimate of the
percent reduction in the point source component which would result if all
sources operated at the allowable level. The reductions range from 0 to over
90 percent for the various monitors.
When allowable was greater than actual, the source was assumed to be emitting
at the actual level.
11
-------
TABLE 4. ACTUAL AND ALLOWABLE POINT SOURCE IMPACTS USING PACE EQUATION
Predicted actual
point source impact
(yg/m3)
OHIO
East Liverpool Fire Station
East Liverpool City Hall
Wellsville
Toronto
Steubenville (Adams)
Steubenville (Courthouse)
Mingo Junction
Brilliant
Tiltonsville
Martins Ferry
Shadyside
Powhattan Point
Clarington
Hannibal
WEST VIRGINIA
New Manchester
New Cumberland
Weirton
Follansbee
Wellsburg
Moundsville
0.70
1.42
2.21
6.00
8.20
9.31
12.3
54.7
4.5
0.95
1.16
12.91
0.88
0.18
10.97
10.54
8.00
25.38
4.79
35.07
Predicted allowable
point source impact Percent
(yg/m3) reduction
0.11
0.40
0.26
1.37
3.70
4.31
5.60
4.13
0.19
0.17
0.10
1.73
0.41
0.18
1.00
1.20
3.16
5.98
0.77
2.57
84
72
88
77
55
54
54
92
96
82
91
87
53
0
91
89
61
76
84
93
12
-------
SECTION 3
MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS
The analysis of selected hi-vol filters by optical microscopy was carried
out in several steps. First, an overview of particle types present within the
valley was obtained by subjecting 55 filters, distributed among the 20 valley
sites and 6 sampling days, to preliminary screening. Using the results obtained
from this analysis, EPA selected a subset of 20 filters for more detailed analy-
sis. Then later in the program, two additional sets of filters were analyzed.
The first of these sets comprised 10 filters drawn from unanalyzed filters in
the initial set of 55; these 10 were selected from three days with quite well-
defined airflow within the valley. The second set comprised 27 filters distribu-
ted broadly throughout the year and were selected to allow upwind-downwind
analysis.
Table 5a provides the monitor location, exposure date and TSP concentration
for each filter in the initial set. In this table the 20 filters subjected to
detailed analysis are indicated by asterisks and the filters in the additional
set of 10 are indicated by daggers. Table 5b gives this information for the
last set containing the 27 filters.
Chemical analyses were also conducted on the 20 filters indicated by aster-
isks in Table 5a and on 26 of the filters listed in Table 5b. This section of
the report describes the methodology and the results of the microscopic work;
Section 4 describes the chemical analysis.
METHODOLOGY
Characterization of phases present on the filters was performed by polarized
light microscopy. The analysis was carried on a piece of filter approximately
10 mm x 10 mm mounted on a glass slide and covered with an immersion oil and
cover slip. The polarized light microscope is suited to the determination of
crystalline phases present on these filters, although the analysis is hampered
somewhat by the fine grained nature of the particulate on the filters. Broadly
speaking, the filters contained combustion products, mineral matter, and
biological debris. Much of the combustion material is more or less opaque so
that inference as to the identity of this material is based largely on shape and
optical properties such as refractive index and possibly birefringence (i.e.,
whether the particle is crystalline or not). A wide variety of combustion
products could be identified and include unburned coal fragments, coal fly ash,
soot, glassy fly ash (incineration products) and semiopaque glass. Mineral
phases present were easily identified despite their small size.
13
-------
TABLE 5a. FILTER SELECTION
Site
3/21 4/26 5/26 6/1 6/7 12/28
Concentration (ug/m3)
West Virginia
New Manchester
New Cumberland
Weirton
Follansbee
Wellsburg
Moundsville
Ohio
E. Liverpool, F.S.
E. Liverpool, C.H.
Wellsville
Toronto
Steubenville, Adams St.
Steubenville, C.H.
Mingo Junction
Brilliant
Tiltonsville
Martins Ferry
Shadyside
Powhattan Point
Glarington
Hannibal
76 67 104
138f 115* 182
134* 140t 246
165* 1301" 216
84 169*
84* 52
194 83 68
173f 97* 76
128 136
132 113 102*
141f 181*
141f 1771" 309*
70 94 152*
69 121 125
148t 103 545*
236 98 115
203f 108 147*
146f 61 113*
287 96 98
39 61
Date
TABLE 5b. FILTER SELECTION
Site and Concentration (pg/m3)
1/2/80 Brilliant (43), Tiltonsville (152), Martins Ferry (36)
1/14/80 Weirton (152), Follansbee (73)
2/7/80 Steubenville, C.H. (178), Mingo Junction (57)
2/8/80 Steubenville, Adams St. (49)
4/2/80 E. Liverpool, F.S. (75), E. Liverpool, C.H. (52),
Powhattan Pt. (180), Clarington (68)
4/8/80 New Manchester (38), New Cumberland (169),
Weirton (208), Toronto (155)
4/9/80 Steubenville, Adams St. (106)
4/26/80 New Manchester (67), Follansbee (75), Steuben-
ville, C.H. (81), Brilliant (95)
7/25/80 Shadyside (72), Powhattan Pt. (179), Clarington (35)
9/11/80 Wellsville (269)
9/17/80 E. Liverpool, C.H. (175), Wellsville (93)
Filter selected for detailed analysis by EPA.
Filter included in additional set of 10.
-------
For more positive identification of questionable particles, scanning
electron microscopy was used. In particular, it was relied upon to investigate
submicron particles and fume from the Clarington and Brilliant sites after
large amounts of silica dust had been found on one filter from the Clarington
site.
Identification of particles was initially made on a volume basis. These
values were then converted to a weight basis using assumed densities for each
class of particle. The densities used in this analysis are based on McCrone3
and are :
Particle Density
Particle Class Density (g/cc)
Iron oxide 5.6
Minerals 2.6
Combustion products 2.2
Biologicals 1.0
The conversion to weight percent was accomplished using the formula
W -
wi ~ zd
where
W. = weight percent for phase i
d. = density of phase i
V. = volume percent for phase i
j = summation index over all phases
Particle size distributions were determined on selected filters in varying
amounts of detail using an image shearing eyepiece. With each of the 20 selected
filters, fields of observation were randomly selected and particles that were
found directly beneath the intersection of the eyepiece crosshairs were sized
and counted. This procedure was performed until 300 particles had been cate-
gorized. No distinction was made among phases. With each filter in the set
of 10, cumulative frequency distributions were obtained for three phases of com-
bustion-related particles: coal fragments, fly ash and soot. With the set of
27 filters, the size range of each of the principal phases was specified.
RESULTS
This section summarizes general characteristics of particulates as deter-
mined from the various sets of filters that were analyzed. More detailed
discussions describing the phases found on individual filters are provided in
Section 6 where source-receptor relationships are investigated.
15
-------
Relative Concentrations of Major Phases
The average composition of the particulates have been summarized in terms
of four components: iron oxide; other combustion products including fly ash,
coal fragments and soot; minerals; and biological products such as pollen,
spores and stellate hairs. Summaries have been prepared from two basic data
sets. One set is made up of the preliminary screening results of the initial
55 filters; the other set contains the results from the last two groups of
filters that were analyzed in somewhat greater detail (i.e., one group of 10
filters and one group of 27 filters) . The summary information for each of
these two major data sets is presented in two figures. The first of each set
of two shows the average composition at each monitoring site. At the left of
the second figure, the average composition of particulate on days when the
concentration exceeded the secondary standard of 150 yg/m3 is compared with the
average concentration found on days when the concentration was less than the
standard; at the right, the average concentrations on summer and winter days
are compared. Figures 3 and 4 summarize the analyses of the 55 filters that
underwent preliminary screening and Figures 5 and 6 summarize the more detailed
analysis of the 37 filters.
Before commmenting upon the results, it should be mentioned that the varia-
tion found from filter to filter was frequently large. This variation is due
in part to the nature of the analytical procedure itself and in part to real
variations among the filters. This particular program was not designed to
separate the two effects but other studies have indicated large differences in
results obtained by different analysts and by different laboratories.2 Some
idea of the total variation experienced can be gained from Table 6 which pre-
sents averages and standard deviations for the data obtained from the set of
37 filters.
TABLE 6. VARIATION IN COMPOSITION DATA
OBTAINED FROM 37 FILTERS
Iron oxide
Mean percent 6.2
Median percent 5
Standard 6.0
deviation
Other combustion
products
58.5
59
9.9
Minerals
25.6
26
11.5
Biological
products
9.2
3
14.0
Of the four components, the concentration of "other combustion products"
is the most consistent from site to site, and the concentration of "biological
products" is the most variable.
Several general conclusions can be drawn from the summary figures. First,
the average composition of particulates is fairly constant throughout the valley,
throughout the year, and for concentrations above or below the secondary stan-
dard. Second, roughly 65 percent of the particulates are the result of primary
metals processing and other year-round combustion related activity. This may
be compared with a U.S. composite average of about 25 percent reported from a
16
-------
MINERALS
100
OTHER COMBUSTION
PRODUCTS
.26:
CO
u:
o
VERPO
_i
ui
X
l
DYSIDI
<
X
en
UJ
i
NOSVII
3
O
X
H
a.
z
HATTA
>
O
a.
z
t-
t»
z
te
u
Figure 3. Average composition of particulates at 20 hi-vol sites
as determined from preliminary screening (n = 55).
17
-------
IRON OXIDE
OTHER
COMBUSTION
PRODUCTS
MINERALS
B10LOGICALS
100
20
100
56 <
20 C
10
(E N
**
2 _
3 v
to to
n=l9
69
WINTER
12/28
Figure 4. Comparison of particulate composition on days with high
and low concentrations and on summer and winter days as
determined from preliminary screening.
18
-------
IRON OXIDE
OTHER COMBUSTION
PRODUCTS
MINERALS
BIOLOGICALS
lOOi
tin iff* ret «*< nrri Ufa irfi tr»»ti nnn
9 19
801
60
:»« S:
£ it
% 4
x.
o
LJ
2
Ul
O
£K
UJ
a.
40
20
«;*; g.
«.
h.'
IE. LIVERPOOL
I
u
IE. LIVERPOOL
hi
hi
K
hi
>
(NEW MANCHE
a
X
j
hi
a
3
U
hi
X
TORONTO
X
O
t-
c
hi
a
o
'
hi
ISTEUBENVILL
X
hi
_i
_i
>
X
kl
3
hi
»-
>
hi
hi
M
X
-1
O
h.
JC
O
^
w
X
3
0
X
a
WELLSBURO
X
oc
hi
TILTONSVILL
>
*
hi
h.
X
a
SHAOYSIOE
MOUNOSVILLf
a.
IPOWHATTAN i
ICLARINSTON
m
X
X
X
AVERAOE
Figure 5. Composition of particulates on selected
filters from 19 sites (n = 37).
19
-------
100
20
IRON OXIDE
OTHER
COMBUSTION
PRODUCTS
111
:' 24 .'
--_«?». . .*,
65
RUBBER
MINERALS
BIOLOGICALS
RUBBER
It
100
20
14
57 ^
in
A
O
in"
n=25
ce A
CO .
«0
n*IO
n«20
Figure 6. Comparison of particulate composition on days with high
and low concentrations and on summer and winter days as
determined from selected filters from 19 sites.
20
-------
study of filters in 14 cities.4 Third, minerals make up about one-quarter of
the particulates by weight. This is in contrast to the U.S. composite average
of 65 percent. And fourth, although it can not be deduced from the averages
presented in these figures, the role played by biologicals ranges from insigni-
ficant to dominant. Among the filters analyzed, estimates of the contribution
by weight percent of the biologicals ranged from 0 to 65 percent. The median
contribution by biologicals, however, is 3 percent by weight, indicating that
a few high values significantly skewed the mean towards the high end.
Particle Size Distribution
Table 7 presents particle size distributions determined from the set of
20 selected filters. Mass median diameters, taken from this table, have been
rearranged in Table 8 to display any obvious differences between location
along the valley, or sampling date, and mass median diameter. None are apparent.
The data from the 20 sites have therefore been combined to provide an estimate
of the average mass median diameter for the 20 samples. This average, 61 ym,
reflects the extreme influence of a relatively small number of large particles.
It should also be borne in mind that a large number of the particles less than
about 1 ym is diameter are not included in the distribution due to limitations
in optical microscopy.
The average cumulative size distributions for coal fragments, fly ash, and
soot determined from the set of 10 filters are shown in Table 9. Of the
particles sized on each sample, the largest were consistently coal fragments.
The particle size range estimates obtained from the analysis of 27 filters
provide interesting information with regard to the mineral fraction. This
component was dominated by fine calcite particles ranging in size from about
1 ym to an upper limit of 20 ym.
21
-------
TABLE 7. PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
ID
3414
3416
3419
3423
3426
3432
3430
3644
3b47
3648
3651
3654
3656
3661
3664
3665
3670
3673
3676
3678
Site
Moundsville
Wellsburg
Follansbee
Weir ton
New Cumberland
Steuber.ville (Adams)
New Manchester
Brilliant
Clarington
E. Liverpool CH
E. Liverpool FS
Hannibal
Steubenvllle (CH)
Martins Ferry
Mingo Jet
Powhattan Pt
Shadyside
liltgnsville
Toronto
Wellsville
r Concentratic
6/7/78
3/21/78
6/1/78
4/26/78
6/7/78
6/7/73
5/26/78
12/28/78
5/26/78
6/1/78
3/21/78
6/7/78
6/1/78
12/28/78
5/26/78
6/1/78
5/26/78
5/26/78
12/28/78
5/26/78
97
134
194
115
84
181
104
147
545
128
165
39
236
113
309
287
125
152
102
169
5tV
1.0 -
47
36.
41.
53
42
49.
48
32
<*.
46.
48.
70
55.
59.
51
32.
34
44.
46.
37.
Size range (percent of total)
:.5
7
7
7
3
6
3
7
3
7
7
7
7
2.6 - 5.0
17
21.6
15
17. 3
17
23
11
13.3
16.7
6.3
14,3
9
2.3
13
11.7
21.7
12.7
17.3
18.7
16.0
5.1 - 10.0
2. "
13.3
21.7
12
19
12 . 7
16. -
12
11
15.7
3.7
4.3
7.3
9.3
8
9.3
28.7
9
14.7
18
10.1 - 15.0
P-
3
6.7
8.3
5
8.
~ "3
13
6.7
it. 7
9.3
7
6
8.3
5.3
9.7
11
7.3
5.3
13
12.7
15.1 - 40.0
27
18.3
6.7
3. ~
3
7. 3
i:
29.3
y
20.7
26.7
6.3
24.7
10.7
17.3
23.3
16
23.3
3.7
15.7
> 40.1
3.3
3.4
6.6
7
5.3
2
0.3
6.7
<4 . 3
1.3
0
4.3
1.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
1.3
0.3
3.7
0
Mass
median
diaraeter
(yu)
80
95
>100
90
85
45
25
^100
90
60
21
45
31
45
45
50
100
30
50
35
-------
TABLE 8. FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF MASS MEDIAN DIAMETERS
Mass median
diameter Frequency Site
(ym)
0-9 0
10-19 0
20-29 2 E. Liverpool (F.S.), New Manchester
30-39 3 Wellsville, Steubenville (Adams
Jeff) , Tiltonsville
40-49 4 Steubenville (Adams) , Mingo Junc-
tion, Martins Ferry, Hannibal
50-59 2 Toronto, Powhattan Ft.
60-69 1 E. Liverpool (C.H.)
70-79 0
80-89 2 New Cumberland, Monndsville
90-99 3 Weirton, Wellsburg, Clarington
Date
3/2, 5/26
5/26, 6/1, 5/26
6/7, 5/26,
12/28, 6/7
12/28, 6/1
6/1
6/7, 6/7
6/1, 5/26,
12/28
TABLE 9. CUMULATIVE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS OF COAL,
FLY ASH, AND SOOT PARTICLES
Particle size (vim)
3 5 10 15 20 25
50
Percent (less than)
Coal 60 70 80 88 92 96
Fly ash 77 85 94 98 99.7 100
Soot 61 69 82 89 94 98
99.6
100
100
23
-------
SECTION 4
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Chemical analysis was performed on a total of 46 filters to determine the
concentration of various metals, ions, and organics composing the particulate.
These 46 filters comprised the subset of 20 selected for detailed analysis from
the original set of 55, plus 26 filters from the additional set of 27. The
20 filters were analyzed for arsenic, iron, lead, mercury, vanadium, and organ-
ics; and when sufficient filter was provided, for nitrate, sulfate, choride,
and ammonium. The 26 filters were analyzed for arsenic, iron, sulfate, and
nitrate. The selection of these filters is described in Section 3.
METHODOLOGY
To perform all of the analyses, approximately three-quarters of the hi-vol
filter was required. The Ohio EPA was able to provide only one-half. Since
the Ohio agency routinely analyzes for sulfates on selected filters, it was
decided to omit the ion analysis of the 14 Ohio filters in the set of 20.
State data, when available, are reported. All analyses were performed for this
set of W. Virginia filters.
Appendix E describes the methodology and quality assurance techniques used
in performing these analyses.
RESULTS
Tables 10 and 11 present, respectively, the results of the metal and ion
and organics analyses of the 20 filters. Ohio's method of selecting filters
for analysis was to analyze the first three filters collected each month. Most
of the days selected for intensive analysis in the present study fell at the
end of the month. Hence, sulfate data are available from only 6 of the 14
Ohio filters listed in Table 10. Table 12 presents the results for the set of
26 filters.
Review of the metals data indicates that lead levels are quite low; none
of the 24-hour observations exceed 50 percent of the 1.5 yg/m3 quarterly average
ambient standard. This indicates that major sources of lead, most notably the
automobile, are not significant contributors in the valley. Vanadium levels
also are low; this is appropriate for an area not heavily dependent upon residual
oil for energy. Comparison of the arsenic and iron data with those recorded in
various urban areas of the East indicates these data to be slightly elevated.
24
-------
TABLE 10. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, DATA FROM 20 FILTERS
t_n
ID
3414
3416
3419
3423
3426
3430
3432
3644
3647
3648
3651
3654
3656
3661
3664
3665
3670
3673
3676
3678
Site
Mound sville
Wellsburg
Follansbee
Weirton
New Cumberland
New Manchester
Steubenville (Adams)
Brilliant
Clarington
E. Liverpool CH
E. Liverpool FS
Hannibal
Steubenville (C.H.)
Martins Ferry
Mingo Jet
Powhattan PT
Shadyside
Tiltonsville
Toronto
Wellsville
Date
6/7/78
3/21/78
6/1/78
4/26/78
6/7/78
5/26/78
6/7/78
12/28/78
5/26/78
6/1/78
3/21/78
6/7/78
6/1/78
12/28/78
5/26/78
6/1/78
5/26/78
5/26/78
12/28/78
5/26/78
Total
Concentration
97
134
194
115
84
104
181
147
545
128
165
39
236
113
309
287
125
152
102
169
Ion and Elemental Concentrations
Arsenic
(yg/m3)
0.0066
0.0489
0.053
0.0187
0.0165
0.0069
0.0083
0.0200
0.0176
0.0082
0.0111
0.0044
0.0368
0.0136
0.0493
0.0173
0.0129
0.0153
0.0049
0.0166
Iron
(yg/m3)
1.31
1.72
9.07
6.53
1.85
1.70
1.03
0.98
1.91
1.10
2.71
0.03
7.61
1.72
9.36
2.15
1.61
1.92
0.52
1.83
Lead
(yg/m3)
0.185
0.144
0.420
0.248
0.212
0.191
0.343
0.235
0.411
0.397
0.271
0.064
0.590
0.707
0.093
0.159
0.492
0.281
0.221
0.388
Mercury
(yg/m3)
0.0073
0.023
0.0027
0.0052
0.0015
0.011
0.010
0.0015
0.008
0.0075
0.0015
0.0151
0.0014
0.0017
0.0075
0.0006
0.0036
0.0030
0.0074
0.0021
Vanad ium
(Vg/m3)
0.0067
0.0121
0.0131
0.021
0.012
0.0076
0.008
0.0025
0.0085
0.0086
0.0079
0.0040
0.0119
0.0045
0.0149
0.0081
0.0079
0.0056
0.0026
0.0054
Nitrate Sulfate Chloride
(yg/m3) (yg/m3) (yg/m3)
2.05 14.67 0.579
4.78 7.23 3.94
5.77 15.66 0.950
2.18 6.97 -
2.67 16.11 0.668
1.87 15.02
12.8
- NP+ -
NPt
- 19.9 -
Npt
14.8*
- 21.3 -
NP1"
NPf -
- 89. 9^ -
Npt
NP+
- 20.8 -
NP+
Ammonium
(yg/m3)
0.96
0.11
1.23
-
0.51
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Regional Average
NP Sample not processed
^Clarington data
-------
TABLE 11. ORGANICS COMPOSITION DATA
Filter
I.D.
3414
3416
3419
3423
3426
3430
3432
3644
3647
3648
3651
3654
3656
3661
3664
3665
3670
3673
3676
3678
Site
Moundsville
Wellsburg '
Follansbee
Weirton
New Cumberland
New Manchester
Steubenville (Adams-)
Brilliant
Clarington
E. Liverpool CH
E. Liverpool FS
Hannibal
Steubenville CH
Martins Ferry
Mingo Junction
Powhattan Ft.
Shadyside
Tiltonsville
Toronto
Wellsville
Date
6/7/78
3/21/78
6/1/78
4/26/78
6/7/78
5/26/78
6/7/78
12/28/78
5/26/78
6/1/78
3/21/78
6/7/78
6/1/78
12/28/78
5/26/78
6/1/78
5/26/78
5/26/78
12/28/78
5/26/78
Anthra-
cene
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Fluoran-
thene/
Pyrene
ND
ND
ND
3.48
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Benzantha-
cene/
Chrysene/
Tr iphenylene
0.425
0.111
0.742
0.435
0 .130
0 .777
0. 083
0. 979
0.426
0 .329
0.493
0 .087
1. 14
1 .09
3 .49
0.984
0. 290
0.638
0.421
0.138
'Benzo(K) , . . 1,2,3,4
,, Benzo(a)pyrene/ . ' ' '
fluoran- Benzo(e) dibenzan-
thene " thracene
0.425
0.082
0.610
0.279
0.393
0.777
0.090
1.10
0.264
0.212
0.320
0.041
1.33
0. 907
4 .99
0.749
0.311
0.460
0.273
0.244
0
0
0
0,
0
1
0
1.
0
0
0
0
1.
1.
6.
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
.463
.111
.907
.331
.550
.13
.638
, 49
.135
.226
.369
.032
97
45
.24
,043
.352
638
315
288
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
7,12-di-
methyl-
benzan-
thracene
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1,2,5,6-
dibenz-
anthracene
1.16
0.044
1.15
0.740
1.53
1.84
0.169
2.51
0.441
0.411
1.67
0.044
3.04
3.17
14.4
1.83
0.476
0.830
0.999
0.421
Benzo(ghi)
perylene Total
2.47
0.311
1.98
1.22
3.30
2.12
0.488
1.53
0.646
0.959
2.03
0.087
4.31
6.53
15.0
2.44
1.29
2.55
1.74
0.886
4.49
0.66
5.39
6.48
5.90
6.65
1.47
7.61
1.91
2.14
4.88
0.29
11.79
13.15
44.12
6.43
2.72
5.12
3.75
1.98
ND = Not Detectable. All concentrations in nanograms per cubic meter. No adjustment made for blank filter levels.
-------
TABLE 12. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION DATA FROM 26 FILTERS
Site
E. Liverpool FS
E. Liverpool CH
E. Liverpool CH
Wellsville
Wellsville
New Manchester
New Manchester
New Cumberland
Toronto
Weirton
Steubenville Adams
Steubenville Adams
Steubenville CH
Steubenville CH
Follansbee
Follansbee
Mingo Junction
Brilliant
Brilliant
Tiltonsville
Martins Ferry
Shadyside
Powhattan Pt.
Powhattan Pt.
Clarington
Clarington
Filter
I.D.
6411
6409
6410
6427
6428
6419
3429
6418
6426
6430
6423
6424
6414
6415
6412
6413
6417
6405
6406
6425
6416
6422
6420
6421
6407
6408
Date
4/2/78
4/2/78
9/17/78
9/11/78
9/17/78
4/8/78
4/26/78
4/8/78
4/8/78
4/8/78
2/8/78
4/9/78
2/7/78
4/26/78
1/14/78
4/26/78
2/7/78
1/2/78
4/26/78
1/2/78
1/2/78
7/25/78
4/2/78
7/25/78
4/2/78
7/25/78
Total
75
52
175
269
93
38
67
169
155
208
49
106
178
81
73
75
57
. 43
95
152
36
72
180
179
68
35
Concentration (pg/m^)
Arsenic
0.02
0.07
0.04
0.03
0.06
0.05
0.005
0.07
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.08
0.03
0.10
-
0.08
0.12
0.04
0.04
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.10
0.28
0.03
0.02
Iron
1.20
0.90
1.39
3.43
1.10
0.80
1.36
2.20
1.70
5.60
0.43
2.83
2.70
1.98
-
1.88
0.70
0.71
1.92
2.22
0.44
1.20
3.78
1.12
1.05
0.66
Sulfate
7.5
6.7
24.6
34.3
25.8
4.4
5.2
6.5
6.5
10.4
9.0
8.6
44.5
9.6
12.0
6.4
13.0
9.9
7.2
21.4
9.6
17.4
10.8
23.0
8.0
12.0
Nitrate
1.45
1.74
2.50
2.50
3.10
1.92
2.44
0.50
3.05
1.52
3.67
2.4
1.70
6.00
1.48
2.52
0.77
1.81
3.68
3.66
1.74
3.78
3.42
1.52
2.40
3.54
27
-------
Sulfate concentrations, however, are quite high when compared to the East.
This confirms the results of other studies that this general area experiences
some of the highest sulfate levels observed in the country. As will be dis-
cussed in a later section, some isolated pockets of high sulfate concentrations
were apparent. In Table 10 the value of 89.9 yg/m3 measured at Clarington is
considerably higher than other values recorded on that day. The TSP level at
Powhattan and Clarington are also elevated above those in the vicinity.
Nitrate concentrations ranged from 0.11 to 6.0 yg/m3 and averaged 2.3 pg/m3,
These values are in agreement with values reported throughout most of the East
but are somewhat lower than those typically found in urban areas from Chicago
eastward through the industrial areas to Philadelphia.
Three filters were analyzed for sulfates by both the Ohio and GCA labora-
tories. In two cases GCA concentrations were greater than those found by Ohio;
in the third case, the Ohio concentration was approximately twice that of GCA.
The results are presented in Table 13.
TABLE 13. COMPARISON OF SULFATE CONCENTRATIONS
DETERMINED BY TWO LABORATORIES
Site
Brilliant
Clarington
East Liverpool, C.H.
Filter
I.D.
6405
6407
6409
S
Date -
1/2/78
4/2/78
4/2/78
ulfate concentration (yg/m3)
Ohio EPA
3.8
5.9
13.8
GCA
9.9
8.0
6.7
SIGNIFICANCE OF ORGANICS
Introduction
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs, POMs, PAHs) are ubiquitously
distributed in the environment. While a number of potential sources for these
materials have been cited, the consensus of the scientific community is that
combustion of fossil fuels is the primary source.5 In addition, the majority
of PNAs are associated with particulate emissions from such sources, owing to
their condensation on particulate surfaces as they leave the flue gas.
The characterization of PNA emission has often included quantitative
measurements of a single species, namely benzo(a)pyrene. As a result of its
proven carcinogenicity and prevalence in ambient particulate samples B(a)P
is routinely used as an indicator of both potential mutagenic activity and the
presence of additional polynuclear aromatic materials.
28
-------
While B(a)P does serve a role in the identification of PNA sources, more
useful data can be derived from a characterization of individual PNA species.
Such data have often been implemented in identifying potential sources of poly-
nuclear aromatic materials. The absence or presence of certain PNA homologues
can be instrumental in isolating the PNA source(s). For instance, PNA mixtures
from petroleum oil sources, e.g., oil spills typically contain a variety of
alkyl homologues and lack unsubstituted species.6 Also, within a group of
combustion source types further distinguishing characteristics can be present.
A distinct correlation has been demonstrated between concentration of B(a)P and
coronene in regions of high traffic density, for instance.7 In fact, concentra-
tion of the non-carcinogen coronene correlates well with urban traffic density.8
Such correlations are useful in assigning sources of polynuclear aromatic
materials in areas of high industrial activity. By observation of PNA distribu-
tions as affected by meterological conditions, seasonal variations, and type of
industrial activity, one can predict the influence of industrial emission sources
in a particular region.
Results
The majority of available data on PNA concentrations in and around the coke
and steel industry deals specifically with ambient concentration of benzo(a)-
pyrene absorbed on suspended particulate matter. Some discussion of this data
as well as some background data on B(a)P concentrations in non-industrial areas
would enhance the interpretation of the analytical data presented here.
Typically, ambient B(a)P concentrations in urban industrial atmospheres
are highest in the winter months owing to the increased input of domestic
combustion sources. »° As the majority of our data was collected during the
summer months when fossil fuel combustion for heat is lowest, we might conclude
that the PNA concentration are apt to be minimum concentrations for this
region, and would predominantly reflect the input of PVA-producing industrial
processes.
B(a)P concentrations for a non-industrial, non-urban area such as the
Grand Canyon in Arizona ranged from >0.1 - 0.2 ng/m3 for the calendar period
1967-1974. Similar data is recorded for Acadia National Park in Maine where
concentrations range from 0.1 - 0.3 ng/m3 for the same calendar period,
A sharp contrast to these data, however, are typical PNA concentrations for
ambient air samples taken in urban industrial areas, particularly in the vicinity
of steel and coking operations. Broddin12 reports background values of 10 ng/m3
for total benzopyrenes collected in the vicinity of two coking oven emission
source in Belgium. Total benzopyrenes near the source itself were in the order of
470 ng/m . Likewise, data collected by Von Lehmden13 reports total benzopyrene
of 12.7 ng/m3 near steel and coke oven emission sources. Both of these studies
were conducted during the spring and summer months when PNA concentrations are
typically lower. The samples were collected 1/4 to 1-1/2 miles from an urban
area containing coke manufacturing sources. By comparison typical B(a)P con-
centrations range from 0.38 - 2.7611 ng/m3 for the calendar period 1966-1975.
For the same period the report had given typical B(a)P values for cities with
coking operations in the range of 1.21 - 5.34 ng/m3.11
29
-------
As a result of these findings, our data is best interpreted by concentrating
on the total benzopyrene numbers, as no additional information specific to coking
oven operations can be derived from the entire PNA distribution pattern. The
total benzopyrene numbers observed at the Hannibal and Powhattan Ft. stations
very closely approximate B(a)P numbers for the background non-urban areas cited
earlier. As we proceed northward along the Ohio River basin, the total benzo-
pyrene numbers increase significantly above these levels but still do not concur
with typical values cited for ambient air in the proximity of coking oven opera-
tions. Our numbers range from 0.032 to 1.97 ng/m3 with the exception of the
6.29 ng/m3 value reported for the Mingo Junction station. Only this latter value
approximates typical values for coke oven regions. The majority of our data
approximates expected values for typical U.S. urban areas. In fact, two of the
higher concentrations were collected during the winter months when PNA values
are characteristically higher than equivalent samples collected during warm
weather periods. This includes the value of 1.45 pg/m3 reported for Martins
Ferry and 1.49 pg/m3 reported for the Brilliant Station. For this reason their
two data points are not really approximate to their discussion.
In closing, it would be appropriate to conclude that PNA concentrations at
all of the stations studied were significantly higher than typical background
stations such as Hannibal. The marked increase in total benzopyrene concentra-
tions and total PNAs in proceeding upriver can be attributable to the increased
industrial activity.
However, to state that the prevalence of coking and steel operations was
the sole contributing factor would be merely conjecture. If they were the
sole industrial sources in the entire region then perhaps such a statement
would be appropriate. However, since the power industries, prevalent in this
region, are also a potential source of PNA emission, additional data points
would be necessary to differentiate between the two emission sources
30
-------
SECTION 5
AIR QUALITY - EMISSIONS ANALYSIS
Under this task, meteorological and annual emissions data were examined
on 30 days during 1978 when at least one of the 20 valley monitors exceeded
the secondary standard in an attempt to identify obvious source-receptor re-
lationships . These 30 days included the 6 days from which filters were selected
for analysis, as described in Section 3.
METHODOLOGY
The distribution of TSP within the valley on the 30 selected days was
examined and the days separated into three categories: valleywide violation
days, quasi-valleywide violation days, and spatially-isolated violation days.
It was expected that only isolated violation days would prove to be helpful
in the identification of source-receptor relationships, but for completeness
meteorological conditions prevailing during the other two violation categories
were also reviewed and summarized.
Meteorological data available for use in the analysis comprised the
following: wind direction at Weirton, Wellsburg, Steubenville, Wheeling, and
Pittsburgh, as available; morning and afternoon mixing layer heights and wind-
speeds at Pittsburgh; and synoptic weather maps. Daily TSP concentration maps
and summaries of the meteorological data were submitted in Monthly Progress
Reports No. 6 and No. 7, respectively. The most complete sets of wind data
within the valley were obtained from the Wellsburg and Steubenville sites. As
shown later, the wind direction at the two sites was not consistent and the
Wellsburg data were selected as being the more representative of the general
airflow within the valley. Appendix D provides a brief description of the
synoptic weather pattern experienced each day.
Examination of the wind data on these selected days reveals that wind
direction typically is quite variable both along the valley and at the in-
dividual monitoring sites. In addition, winds measured within the valley will
only occasionally be representative of the air stream into which emissions
from major power plants are ejected. Thus, the use of 24-hour TSP observations
for the development of source-receptor relationships has severe limitations; as
a consequence, results will be qualitative in nature and should be considered
as supportive evidence only.
Table 14 is a frequency distribution of the number of sites experiencing
concentrations greater than 150 yg/m on the 30 days. It can be seen from
this distribution that the selected days fall into three groups. On 17 days
31
-------
four or fewer sites had concentrations greater than 150 yg/m3. These have
been designated isolated violation days, and have been selected for detailed
study. At the other extreme are the three valleywide violation days on which
14 of the 20 monitoring sites exceeded 150 yg/m3. In between is the group of
10 days referred to as quasi-valleywide violation days on which the number of
violation sites ranged from 6 to 11.
TABLE 14. FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF
NUMBER OF SITE VIOLATIONS
Number of sites
> 150 yg/m3
Frequency of
occurrence
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
11 \ Isolated
1 I violation
5 ( days
- )
-
i)
3 V Quasi-valleywide
2 / violation days
1 1
2 y
-
-
3 | Valleywide violation
- ( days
Total
30
RESULTS
Overview
For a detailed account of emissions in the vicinity of each of the 20
valley monitors, reference should be made to Appendix A of this report. In
this section, the analysis will consist principally of identifying those point
sources which are judged to be upwind of monitors experiencing an exceedance
of the secondary standard on isolated violation days.
Before proceeding to the detailed analysis, it is helpful to get an over-
view of the major centers of point source emissions within the study area.
Figure 7 presents this information in the form of an emission density map
with 2.5 km by 2.5 km grid squares. This map shows that the principal concen-
tration of emissions is contained along the valley roughly from Brilliant to
Weirton, with a second source to the west of New Manchester. A third major
region of emissions lies to the south near the junction of Belmont, Monroe,
and Marshall counties.
Table 15 summarizes the air quality data for each of the three violation
categories identified in Table 14. For convenience, the sites have been listed
from north to south in Table 15. It can be seen from this table that there is
32
-------
Figure 7. Point source emission density map. Emissions are in
ton/yr/km2 averaged over 2.5 * 2.5 km grid squares.
Unidentified points are approximate location of monitors.
33
-------
TABLE 15. NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS AND AVERAGE CONCENTRATION AT EACH SITE BY VIOLATION CATEGORY
Violation category
Isolated
Site
East Liverpool (Fire Station)
East Liverpool (City Hall)
Wellsville
New Manchester
New Cumberland
Toronto
Weir ton
Steubenville (Jeff. Co. Bldg.)
Steubenville (Court House)
Follansbee
Mingo Junction
Wellsburg
Brilliant
Tiltonsvllle
Martins Ferry
Shadyside
Moundsville
Powhattan Point
Clarington
Hannibal
Average Concentration (yg/m3)
N
17
16
17
15
16
11
16
17
17
16
17
14
17
17
16
17
13
15
17
16
Number
>150 yg/m3
3
3
2
0
0
0
1
3
2
2
8
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
Average
concentration
(yg/m3)
106
116
90
68
71
67
94
97
106
99
140
95
84
86
75
92
86
89
83
63
90
N
10
8
10
10
9
8
10
10
9
8
9
9
10
10
10
10
9
10
9
10
Quasi-valleywide
Number
>150 yg/m3
9
2
9
3
1
6
7
6
8
4
9
4
2
0
0
0
1
7
6
2
Average
concentration
(yg/m3)
200
124
190
132
131
175
160
174
205
143
188
148
118
113
107
103
99
175
208
124
151
N
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
3
1
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
Valleywide
Number
>150 yg/m3
3
2
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
3
1
2
2
3
1
0
1
3
2
Average
concentration
(yg/m3)
232
157
222
195
204
312
225
314
320
218
284
246
157
129
166
140
140
172
305
200
217
-------
a rough correspondence between the centers of point-source emissions shown in
Figure 7 and air quality. Each of the violation categories will be examined
in some detail in the discussion which follows.
Valleywide Violation Days
May 26th, August 24th, and November 4th were the three days classified
as valleywide violation days. On these days unusually high TSP concentrations
were experienced not only within the valley itself, but also at sites outside
of the valley to the west. On each of the 3 days, the study area experienced
synoptic weather conditions conducive to light variable winds and no signifi-
cant precipitation. On May 26th, a high pressure center remained over the
area throughout the day; on August 24th, a high pressure cell dominated the
southeastern part of the United States; and on November 4th, a high pressure
ridge extended southwestward over the study area. Also, on May 26th and
August 24th morning mixing heights were exceptionally low, being 95 and 88
meters, respectively. Thus, weather conditions were favorable for the accu-
mulation and intermingling of pollutants within the valley air mass on each of
the 3 days. Under these conditions, it is difficult, if not impossible, to
attribute site violations to individual source contributions. However, in
moving southward along the valley from the Steubenville-Weirton-Follansbee
area, concentrations drop significantly and then rise near the southern end
of the study area (see Table 15) indicating an impact from a new set of sources,
Table 16 shows combined wind direction frequency distributions for the
3 days at Wellsburg and Steubenville within the valley and Pittsburgh 30 miles
to the east. There is rough similarity between the distributions for Wells-
burg and Pittsburgh, with each showing a minimum of easterly winds and a maxi-
mum of northerly winds. The difference between the secondary maximum of
southerly winds at Wellsburg and the secondary maximum of southeasterly winds
at Pittsburgh may be a result of channeling at the Wellsburg site. In con-
trast, the distribution for Steubenville is flatter, with all directions
represented, but with a maximum of east and east-southeast winds.
Quasi-valleywide Violation Days
The 10 days on which violations occurred at from 6 to 11 sites were:
9 March 1 June 13 July 18 August 11 October
20 May 7 July 19 July 5 September 10 November
The average concentrations observed at each site during this 10-day period
have been taken from Table 15 and plotted in Figure 8. Of note is the approx-
imate agreement between the areas with high point-source emissions and high
average concentrations (see Figure 7). Also of interest is the relatively
low concentration observed at the City Hall in East Liverpool in comparison
with the high concentration observed at the Fire Station in East Liverpool.
The difference in monitor heights (City Hall, 65 ft; Fire Station, 18 ft),
the close proximity of East Pennsylvania Avenue to the Fire Station, and the
high frequency of southerly winds suggest a greater impact of fugitive dust
at the Fire Station.
35
-------
km
Figure 8. Average TSP concentrations during quasi-valleywide violation
days. Dashed lines enclose approximate areas with average
concentrations > 150 yg/m3.
36
-------
TABLE 16. COMBINED WIND DIRECTION FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
AND AVERAGE WIND SPEED FOR VALLEYWIDE VIOLATION
DAYS
Direction
(deg)
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
360
Total
Average
speed
(mph)
Wellsburg
(percent)
6.3
0
0
0
7.9
11.1
4.8
6.3
17.5
6.3
11.1
28.6
99.9
-
Pittsburgh
(percent)
4.8
0
0
4.8
9.5
0
0
9.5
19.0
4.8
19.0
28.6
100.0
6.0
Steubenville
(percent)
4.2
4.2
15.3
18.1
9.7
6.9
11.1
5.6
8.3
4.2
2.8
9.7
100.1
2.3
Table 17 presents the combined wind direction frequency distributions for
these 10 days. At Wellsburg, the maximum frequency is from the south, with a
secondary maximum from the north. At Steubenville, maximum frequencies are
from the southeast. The Pittsburgh distribution is roughly intermediate between
the other two, but in contrast to Wellsburg, no winds from 320 to 10 degrees
were observed.
Isolated Violation Days
Table 18 presents the available wind data from Wellsburg, Steubenville,
and Pittsburgh for the 17 days designated as isolated violation days. Emissions
and meteorological data for these days have been reviewed in an attempt to
identify source-receptor relationships. The procedure followed for each of the
sites experiencing an exceedance was to superimpose composite wind direction
frequency roses for the days when exceedances occurred upon the point source
emission fields out to a distance of approximately 5 miles. Point sources
upwind from the monitors could then be identified. Additionally, for comparison
37
-------
purposes, wind direction roses were prepared for the nonviolation days at each
site. In preparing the wind roses, the wind direction data from the Wellsburg
site were used. The figure for each site contains two parts. Part a presents
the wind roses and point source emissions out to about 5 miles; part b identi-
fies these sources and includes additional sources to a distance of 10 miles.
Table 19 summarizes the number of exceedances experienced by each of the 12
sites.
TABLE 17. COMBINED WIND DIRECTION FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
AND AVERAGE WIND SPEED FOR QUASI-VALLEYWIDE
VIOLATION DAYS
Direction Wellsburg Steubenville Pittsburgh
(deg) (percent) (percent) (percent)
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
360
Total
Average
speed
(mph)
3.3
0.9
0
2.3
12.7
28.6
15.5
11.3
6.1
2.8
5.6
10.8
99.9
4,2
4.6
9.6
25.4
23.7
9.6
6.7
4.6
1.2
5.4
1.7
3.3
100.0
2,8
4.7
1.6
1.6
7.8
26.6
12.5
14.1
12.5
9.4
9.4
0
0
100.2
5.9
East Liverpool
Because of their proximity, the two sites in East Liverpool will be dis-
cussed together. Throughout the discussion it should be borne in mind that the
East Side Fire Station hi-vol is located at a height of 18 feet and is approxi-
mately 45 feet from Pennsylvania Avenue, while the monitor at City Hall is at
a height of 65 feet. Table 19 shows that 6 isolated violation days occurred
at East Liverpool. Three of these (12 August, 30 August, and 17 September) were
at the City Hall monitor, and three (21 March, 14 April, and 25 July) were at
the Fire Station. Note that the exceedances occurred on different days at the
two sites.
38
-------
TABLE 18. FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS OF WIND DIRECTION, AVERAGE WIND SPEED
AND SITE EXCEEDANCES ON ISOLATED VIOLATION DAYS
Date
Site 30
January 2
Wellsburg
Steubenville
Pittsburgh
January 14
Wellsburg 1
Steubenville
Pittsburgh 1
February 1
Wellsburg 6
Steubenville
Pittsburgh
February 7
Wellsburg
Steubenville
Pittsburgh
February 13
Wellsburg
Steubenville
Pittsburgh 2
February 19
Wellsburg 11
Steubenville
Pittsburg 1
March 21
Wellsburg
Steubenville
Pittsburg
April 14
Wellsburg
Steubenville
Pittsburg
April 26
Wellsburg 2
Steubenville
Pittsburgh 1
Direction (deg)
tlo
60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 direction3 Total
24 24
1 8 11 4 24
152 8
1 4 18 24
1 1 18 4 24
52 8
36412 2 24
67222 23 24
34 18
i 2 3 17 1 24
12 7 2 3 24
341 8
24 24
31 1 2 5 12 24
6 8
12 343 24
23 2 1952 24
1 111218
25611 9 24
58452 24
23111 8
43 1238 3 24
2433921 24
224 8
22 24
5 11 8 24
51' 18
Average
speed
(mph) Site exceedance
1 Tlltonsville
16.5J shadyside
4 j Weirton
12.4)
)
2 Mingo Junction
6.8 (
|
4 Steubenville (C.H.)
11.9 )
4 [ Mingo Junction
8.9 |
j
2 j Mingo Junction
5.6 )
) E. Liverpool (F.S.)
5 ! Steubenville (JCB)
14.4 ) Follensbee
) E. Liverpool (F.S.)
4 / Follensbee
13.1 ) Mineo Junction
8 J Mingo Junction
12.5 )
(continued)
-------
TABLE 18 (continued)
Date
Site 30
June 7
Wellsburg 1
Steubenville
Pittsburgh
July 25
Wellsburg
Steubenville
Pittsburgh
July 31
Wellsburg 1
Steubenville
Pittsburgh
August 6
Wellsburg
Steubenville
Pittsburgh 1
August 12
Wellsburg 1
Steubenville 2
Pittsburgh 4
August 30
Wellsburg
Steubenville
Pittsburgh
September 17
Wellsburg
Steubenville
Pittsburgh
December 28
Wellsburg 5
Steubenville
Pittsburgh 1
All days Z
Wellsburg 9.7
Steubenville 0.5
Pittsburgh 8.8
Direction (deg)
60 90 120 150
2 1
1456
2 1 1
4
12 10
1
1 1
2 7 9
1 1
1 7 6
1
1 1 2
1 1 1
1 1
1 2 3
1
1
2 12 7
2
1122
3
1.4 0.7 0.3 7.2
1.8 4.8 14,4 14.9
14.4 3.2 1.6 2.4
180 210 240 270 300
7 9
3 1 2
2 2
9 10
2
1 5
21421
2 4
1112
323
1 1
1 4 2
1 6 5
24135
1 1
14 8
2 1
1 2 1
1 3
2332
1 1 1
15.9 13.4 2.8 4.8 5.5
7.6 12.4 8.8 5.1 13.6
6.4 9.6 11.2 11.2 12.8
Average
No speed
330 360 direction3 Total (mph)
1 3 24
2 24 4
8 9.8
1 24
24 3
1 8 5.9
44 3 24
24 2
1 8 6.6
24 24
2 24 1
4 8 6.0
82 2 24
25 24 3
1 1 8 4.0
24 24
21 24 2
11 3 8 4.6
1 24
24 3
4 8 3.7
3 10 24
1 ' 7 24
1 8
17.6 20.7 100.0
8.6 7.6 100.1 3.5
7.2 11.2 100.0 10.1
Site exceedance
Wellsville
Steubenville (JCB)
Mingo Junction
) E. Liverpool (F
Wellsville
.S.)
Steubenville (JCB)
)
Mingo Junction
)
Powhattan PT
E. Liverpool (C
Steubenville (C
Mingo Junction
E. Liverpool (C.
E. Liverpool
Clarington
H.)
H.)
H.)
"Missing data or calm.
-------
TABLE 19. NUMBER OF EXCEEDANCES PER SITE
ON ISOLATED VIOLATION DAYS
Number of exceedances
Site
E. Liverpool (Fire Station)
E. Liverpool (City Hall)
Wellsville
Weirton
Steubenville (Jeff. Co.)
Steubenville (Court House)
Follansbee
Mingo Junction
Tiltonsville
Shadyside
Powhattan PT
Clarington
Number
1
2
-
1
-
1
-
5
-
-
1
1
of sites >150 yg/m3
234
3
1
- 2 -
_
3
- 1 -
- 2 -
- 3 -
1 - -
1 - -
_ _ _
- - -
Total
3
3
2
1
3
2
2
8
1
1
1
1
Figure 9a shows a major difference in the wind direction roses for viola-
tion and nonviolation days, with southerly winds being most frequent on viola-
tion days and northerly winds being most frequent on the remaining days. The
orientation of Pennsylvania Avenue, shown in the upper part of Figure 9a,
suggests that fugitive dust from vehicular traffic may have been a major source
of particulate on these 3 days. There are no other obvious upwind sources of
major significance nearby. Figure 9b identifies the sources.
Examination of Figure lOa shows that southerly and south-southwesterly
winds also predominated on the 3 violation days at the City Hall. In this
case, the height of the monitor rules out major contributions from nearby
fugitive dust sources. Again, there appear to be no very significant upwind
sources nearby. Examination of Figures lOb and Table 18 shows that the Ohio
Edison Plant (Source No. 10) 6.6 miles to the SSW lies upwind of the City Hall
for much of the time on 30 August and 17 September. On 12 August, however,
winds along the valley were principally from the northwest quadrant. The most
likely source shown in the inventory under these circumstances would be the
Homer Laughlin plant about 1-1/4 miles to the west. It is also likely that
whenever the wind has a significant westerly component local lower-level
emissions are channeled toward the monitor by the river valley and its northern
wall which rises sharply north of the business district.
Figure 11 was prepared from the 30-day data base in an attempt to use
wind direction to differentiate sources impacting on the two East Liverpool
sites. All days on which the secondary standard was exceeded at either site
and the difference between the two sites was at least 20 yg/m3 were selected
41
-------
ORIENTATION OF
PENN. AVE.
3/21 165
4/14 205
7/25 152
VIOLATION DAYS (n =3)
OTHER DAYS (n = 10)
Figure 9a. Wind direction roses for selected days at East Liverpool
(Fire Station). Locations of major nearby point sources
and their annual emissions in tons per year are also
shown in the upper part of the figure.
42
-------
IN HTST AN^
) l**M
1 1 1 . s y
U' S . (IH
1 i . ^H
i u.uS
( 7. ul
7.01 <
7 . ,' / ,
t M.S'.
Nf-L
[K,
1 11 .
g .
'J *< .
I/'.
SIH^Cf- ufl. K NAMf-
1 T A YLIiH, SM M M. K I A
r1 UDAKt fv S I AU (lit
i HL1MFM t 6UGHI TN C
'4 bUlHt kf ^ MAC Tim 1
S Tkl-STATF ASMMAL
h IK I-.S1 AH AS^HAL
/ Srtfi^jK K^ AT 1 1 iw 1 F
H IIM Mi i 01 St if" f'i.
Figure 9b. Point source summary - East Liverpool Fire Station.
43
-------
172
116
5,6
8/12 204
9/17 175
VIOLATION DAYS (n =2)
OTHER DAYS (n =11 )
Figure lOa. Wind direction roses for selected days at East Liverpool
(City Hall). Locations of major nearby point sources
and their annual emissions in tons per year are also
shown in the upper part of the figure.
44
-------
Ji Y t-^ISSII''J l ) 1 S I A N ( f
( K 1 | ( K » ( T / Y W ) (Mj)
S W . * ' ) 'J
S S 1 . " 0 1
S S 4 . 'J U a
SM.'-M -J
s*o.
S *0 .
S^H .
'i ^ i .
SPS .
su .
u a
0 u
i' a
') 'J
0 U
1 M
S * 4 . S ) >j
Mb.^1
^S . ?
<*b .0
QS . /
41 ..ii
1\ .(.i
(»i. 1
Ml' , /l
H« . Mi
Hd . 7^
4U . 1
*S.(
^
t
t
1 r> 7
i.t
Q . !
7 . f
'» . (
/'.l
S , i
'>. I
'i . i
M 1 . SO Jh 1 . '
'i 1 . i S
0 r> . MR
'' 1 .^H
fl P . ?h
'l U . H 0
hl,L f- S'HiNfr NtJ. K IsJftMt
Of t. )
^H . 1 1 1 ft VL UN , S^I 1 H. n T
Su . ^ r" LUAKf-h b T A H MI
7^.9 S HOMfH LADliHLIN
S / . 4 0 t.,1 dht Wt f PAT Tilk
PS . 0 S THI-MflTF ASt-"Mfl
0 U.80 f»?S . Si h IHl-Slfilf- 1SPH&
i) s.iis />«s.s / SAfiNKHi-fArnihi
l) 4 ,(HM 1 M / .H H KfitlL Cl A ₯ f H.
U / . H / r> *>\ . \ 4 f . J . MAiX'IMI fit;
(i h.oy ^Od . 1 ID I IH | (1 t !J I SUM f (i.
u 4.4H IM7.S 11 MH I 1 i t- 0 I SON { Ci. /
Figure lOb. Point source summary - East Liverpool City Hall.
45
-------
CITY HALL» FIRE STATION
(N = 2)
FIRE STATIONS CITY HALL
(N = 12)
180
240
300
360
WIND DIRECTION, DEGREES
Figure 11, Comparison of wind directions at Wellsburg when the
concentration at the Fire Station in East Liverpool
exceeds that at the City Hall with those when the
concentration gradient is reversed.
-------
for study. These days were then grouped according to the site with the higher
concentation, and the wind direction frequency distribution for the two groups
plotted. The major feature of each distribution is the large proportion of
southerly winds. Since the inventory shows no sources to the northwest of
either site, no attempt has been made to relate the differences between the
two curves from 240 to 360 degrees to point-source emissions.
Wellsville
Figure 12a shows that south and southwesterly winds prevailed on the 2
violation days at Wellsville. Small upwind sources include the Swank Refrac-
tories (Source No. 7) and Tri-State Asphalt (Source Nos. 5 and 6). Elevated
concentrations at East Liverpool on both these days suggested contributions
within the valley from the Ohio Edison Plant (Source No. 10). Figure 12b
identifies the sources.
Weirton
As shown in Figure 13a, winds on the 1 isolated violation day at Weirton
were almost entirely from the north and northwest, bracketing the major Weirton
Steel operations which are identified on the WVAPCC-NPRO site map as: Brown's
Island Coke Battery, Mainland Coke Plant, Boiler House, Sinter Plants, EOF
Plant, and Strip Mill. Total emissions from upwind sources 1 through 6 plus 8
are approximately 15,000 tons per year. All of the remaining nearby point
sources are to the south-southwest. Concentrations at Toronto, New Cumberland
and New Manchester upwind of the Weirton Steel Plants range from 24 to 41 yg/m3
suggesting an impact of the order of 100 yg/m3 from these sources at the Weirton
monitor. Figure 13b identifies the sources.
Steubenville
There were 3 isolated violation days at the Jefferson County Building
(Adams Street) site and two at the Court House, but none of the violation
days were common at the two sites. Two of the differences between the sites
that may be of significance are a difference in height, and a difference in
topographical setting. In particular, the terrain rises abruptly immediately
to the west of the Jefferson County Building, the elevation of which is al-
ready 80 feet above that of the Court House. This results in a blocking of
pollution moving in from the east, and also affects the direction of the wind
at the County Building. The Court House is approximately 0.36 miles to the
east and its monitor is located 50 feet above street level.
Examination of Figures 14a and 14b show a line of major point sources
extending southward along the river. As identified by the WVACC-NPRO site maps,
these are, with increasing distance from the Steubenville monitors: Weirton
Steel, Steubenville Works; Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel, Steubenville Plant;
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel, Coke Plant, Koppers Company; Wheeling-Pittsburgh
Steel, Sinter Plant; and Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel, Mingo Plant. The combined
annual emissions from the cluster of sources shown in this small area in
Figures 14a and 14b are approximately 9900 tons per year. In addition, the
complex of power plants 8 miles to the south emits over 66,000 tons per year
and the Satralloy Plant, located within the Cross Creek Valley to the south-
west emits over 6,000 tons of particulates per year. The composite wind rose
shown in Figure 14a suggests that a combination of these sources is responsible
47
-------
94
55,191
10
VIOLATION DAYS (n = 2)
6/7 186
7/25 167
OTHER DAYS (n =11 )
Figure 12a. Wind direction roses for selected days at Wellsville.
Locations of major nearby point sources and their
annual emissions in tons per year are also shown in
the upper part of the figure.
48
-------
PUINI SUliKCf SuM
SI If : h . t
SU. S
s/s. s
s M . i
S Jl.S
s * i. ;
(K
) 'JU^h
i a y 1 . 0
1 b 1 . 0
^ 1 U . 1
I h 1 .*J
<* M . H
1 h 4 ,b
1 hit . 1
1 ^ 1 . *
bCH
1
/
S
y
S
6
/
H
g
ID
1 1
1?
Ki NH. & ^AM^
Tfl VL (iw, s^ i rn, K i
UUAKt k STA tE uT
HUMt- k LAUGHl 1 ^
(.LOHt kf h kAC 1 Uk
Tk I -ST ATt ASMHA
fkl-STATF ASPHA
SIAA^K »( F ACTi if- T
HAUL C 1 AY f u.
^ . J . tjANnn ro.
(1H1 II t Ul .SON f h.
MM tl) F Dl SOisT fit. /
T DkOMfl PAPf kHHA
Figure 12b. Point source summary - Wellsville.
49
-------
1451
24
TO 75%
16
1963 \
\"»25 13
. -22 / 14
1/14
VIOLATION OWS (n=2)
OTHER DMS (n =12)
Figure 13a. Wind direction roses for selected days at Weirton.
Locations of major nearby point sources and their
annual emissions in tons per year are also shown
the upper part of the figure.
50
-------
K
1 " * 1
S S '1 . ^ 1 1
S SS . o i)
S *,S . itsi
S i ^ . f1 0
S ^ i . > '"i
S ".U . nl>
S ^, 40
S S S . i *
s i,*, . s n
S 4S . Ail
s M. PO
s ss . so
'i A 1 . 1 0
s ^ / . '* o
sw!vl
S W . ">n
S ^ *, . ^ ,1
s ^ . /n
Y
(" *')
4 J ? U . '10
Ja 7 S . MI
4vi 7 . . o»
UH 7 1 . 1 o
a j /s . On
j u 7U . SO
>t 4 ; i . M>
« -j / a . ^ . i
.J47^.Si'
M 4 f- S . S 0
« U h li . ^ 0
O'lSH . 'JO
aUhS . vi)
U'4hS.fo
uiJhS . Sn
U«hH.'»,1
ay« ). 7o
<* 4 R h . 70
44h ...0
*1 ih h ,
'JJh / '
a * f . .MI
S 'tit
IP . (i (I
rt / Q . 10
1 ? . uu
«-J . 0
^ U 9 . u < i
*n V* . .' o
*i 4 s . o a
t i o o . n o
\ S . 1*1 1 <
1 ,> / t h . ' ' 0
,>^*_,,[,
JHI ]',!!
i y 1 s. n (i
* ^ 1 h . i i r>
1 JMs
^ . 4^
u n n
y . ^ 7
^.^^
S. as
4 . MAl M t
1**.Q IP OANhJfH f-IHf-PflMA)-
101.4 M WHFHTM. PlTTSfiH
1'V.h t y /h-F M ThU PTTTSHn
184.^ )S >vnFf| TN(, PTTTSHH
^Ofi . ) Irt FFHFPAl PAPFHHilA
^ J4 . S 17 K All! t | A V Til.
HTO t n i SON rn'.
^ly.M )4 S A T H A 1 1 M V T *d r ' ,
IPU.^ ^1 SIANfJAPO ">! AT, fn
-*(ia.f! ^^ wHt-H IWf,-PTTT
-------
,4e,
"
6,213
21
3/21
6/7
7/23
186
181
172
VIOLATION DAYS (n =3)
OTHER DAYS (n =10)
Figure 14a. Wind direction roses for selected days at Steubenville
(Jefferson County Building), Locations of major nearby
point sources and their annual emissions in tons per
year are also shown in the upper part of the figure.
52
-------
S^ (. in
S! I. nil
SSi.'vl
SJi.HO
SU.su
S W.vi
t .J H I .
JUSS.
SM.i*
/ f * )
1 I , 'i'1
"h . ih
1 S . no
us! '>ii
f>S . Hi.
fi / . 1 '!
S.i' '
1 ') . O'f
/y. Uli
1 7.i u
4 4 . " I
'J'*. IK)
t4.ni,
US . i| U
MI . no
M.fui
On . iH'
SS . ^n
i p r> . . i
S" . O.j
1 1 . U('
H 1 . '>>'
IS.', 'i
1 H . ,, ,
MM AM F
( \i ] )
U . an
U. ,> )
S.Hf
y]hS
u , as
S. r1*
a . w
5. ys
J.St
(>. 5 ">
S.uS
j .yi
1 . y i
1.77
8. OS
7. US
1 . OH
M . W
/ . t*S
« . i S
H . 7 n
*. 1 0
i> , r»1
^ . hh
AM.I ( bf II
( nt- 1. )
Ih. I J
/-1 S . ,' e>
^8.S i
7.1 S
14.^ h
(J .n 1
1 7 . M h
s s^.y 9
) u / .S 10
1 W. 7 11
1 7?.n 1(»
1 W.M M
1 ul . S a
la^.v S
1 4 1 . 4 f%
1 Q <"> . ( i 7
a 1 1 . 'j h
S . S 9
1 f"J . » ^'u
f1 1 n . H ^1
S . H ** r*
1 /S . 1 ^4
J Su . S Sti
\ t -S . i ^ w-
we ^ NU. R ^A^t-
ftM ^ 71 'h S ff (- 1 / 'v/1
»\f i w f UN s rt- 1- 1 / MA
wt T k KJfj STK F I /NA
*h T K TuN ST^ ^ 1 /NA
nF IhTCN STff 1 /MA
S F A (VUAkl) Si M< (M
U< Tl- kUA I 1 't-yAI » 1
IMlN C-ITY SAMJ H
Kdpft k\s rn.
I M f- k-l>iA f lUNAL V I
hAh^Nt-k1 Fl^Fk-hdAH
wHf- t L 1 NU PITT SHU
^hf t I IM* MI I TSMh
rtHI- F- L 1M, P T 1 T SHU
HitCKt Yh PIlwFR
1 Anl) 1 NAL UPf k1 . C
( t- l>t ^ Al P APf- HHMA
" Al'L Cl AY t n.
. iHj f i MU-vt- H f (I.
SATUAlLflY UiC.
ithlu H>lSf^ fn./
sTAMjdM) ^) dn rn
rtf f f L I Nf.-P I T I SMH
Af-t f 1 ! tn.-t- 1 1 1 sun
Figure 14b. Point source summary - Steubenville,
Jefferson County Building.
53
-------
for the elevated concentration at the County Building. On the average, the
concentration was about 30 yg/m3 higher here than at Mingo Junction, implying
a substantial contribution from sources inbetween.
A second line of point sources is shown in Figures 15a and 15b extending
northward from the Steubenville monitors to the Weirton Steel Complex about
4-1/2 miles away. The inventory shows one intermediate source, Standard Slag
(Source No. 7). Additional Sources shown on the West Virginia site map include
Continental Can and Metal Lithograph. Emissions indicated by this complex of
sources are approximately 15,500 tons per year. The composite Wellsburg wind
direction rose shown in Figure 15a indicates a prevailing northwesterly wind
during the 2 isolated violation days at the Court House. It appears likely
that the elevated levels on these days was due to a southerly drift of pollu-
tants from these multiple sources.
As was done with the East Liverpool sites, concentrations at the two
Steubenville sites were studied to see if differences in wind direction
accounted for the concentration gradient between the two sites. Again, the
procedure was to select days when at least one site exceeded the secondary
standard and the difference between the two sites was at least 20 yg/m3. The
days were then grouped according to which site had the higher concentration,
and the composite wind direction frequency distributions for the two groups
plotted. Figure 16 shows the result. The two distributions are quite similar,
with each showing a predominance of southeasterly winds. For this investiga-
tion, winds from the Steubenville site were used instead of from Wellsburg.
One pair of filters exposed at the Steubenville sites on 7 June was sub-
jected to microscopic analysis during the original screening process. It is
of interest to note that exceptionally large quantities of biological material,
much of it stellate hairs, were found on the County Building filter. Observed
concentrations were: County Building, 181 yg/m3; Court House, 98 yg/m3.
Follansbee
The composite wind rose for the 2 violation days (Figure 17a), shows
numerous upwind sources witnin 4 miles. Examination of the daily wind records
shows predominantly southerly winds on 21 March, indicating a major contribu-
tion from the Mingo Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Plant. Concentrations at Bril-
liant and Wellsburg to the south of this source averaged 28 yg/m3 lower than
the concentration at Follansbee. On 14 April, the wind shifted from southerly
to northwesterly early in the day apparently leading to an impact of perhaps
70 yg/m3 from the immediate upwind sources (concentrations at the two Steuben-
ville sites averaged 91 yg/m3). In this case, the principal nearby upwind
sources were the Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Coke and Sinter Plants, and Koppers
Co. Figure 17b identifies the sources.
Mingo Junction
The greatest number of isolated violation days which occurred at any of
the sites was at Mingo Junction (see Table 19). Wind direction data from
Wellsburg were available for 7 of the 8 days, and the composite wind roses
for violation and nonviolation days are shown in Figure 18a. On the 7 viola-
tion days, the predominant directions are from the northwest, north, and
northeast. The Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel and Koppers Co. plants with
54
-------
6213
21
2/7 178
8/12 154
VIOLATION DAYS (n =3)
OTHER DAYS (n =10)
Figure 15a. Wind direction roses for selected days at Steubenville
(Court House). Locations of major nearby point sources
and their annual emissions in tons per year are also
shown in the upper part of the figure.
55
-------
PUINT SOUKCE SUMMARY
SITt: STfUBtNVILLF CH
IITMl S1P.PU
X
(KM)
510.
535.
515.
S3U.
511.
S31.
510.
511.
529.
533.
SJO.
S43.
513.
531.
533.
SP9.
510.
513.
S13.
510.
S
-------
JEFF. COUNTY BLDG. » COURT HOUSE
(N=6)
COURT HOUSE » JEFF. COUNTY BLDG
(N =8)
240
300
360
WIND DIRECTION, DEGREES
Figure 16. Comparison of wind directions at Steubenville on days when the concentration
at the Jefferson County Building exceeds that at the Court House with those
when the concentration gradient is reversed.
-------
415.
6213
161
4/14 171
VIOLATION DAYS (n =2)
OTHER DAYS (n =11 )
Figure 17a. Wind direction roses for selected days at Follansbee.
Locations of major nearby point sources and their
annual emissions in tons per year are also shown in
the upper part of the figure.
58
-------
*! butiwff b
Slit: f Ul i
. .'.I
.SO
Siu.r
](!.<
Sii.n
")ii.H
lu»,S.
J J..S.
IM
j *.
S .
S.
14 _
^ _
f, ,
s.
t..
s.
s .
0.
0 .
f ,
0 .
0 .
0 .
7.
f, .
^ .
'* .
^ .
j ,
1 .
i .
1 .
4.
arfVCf-
I 1
7 7
a i
4 l
7,j
<*()
H J
y /
bu
SO
hS
(*U
VP
hH
64
*H
I) 7
J 11
^h
/ 0
S7
J /
t--,
S ^
SI
A'v
SSf>. |
SSH.y
SVr> . S
jjg 1 . ]
ms.s
I H'J. ft
s 1 u .y
i f i 7 . 7
<*H / . ?
t>(\* . 0
^ l)S , ^
Sa,-' . 7
S S h . ( i
f> 1 1 u . S
p^y . (
Pin,/
itl'.D
Pd J . h
SOI
1
fj
^
u
s
f,
/
^
Q
1 f)
1 1
!/>
S
y
s
6
7
H
(J
PO
^ j
SJ
?l
PS
I-T f M;. X ^AW^
Af Ttv IllN STF- f /NA
rtt I K TliNi STt-h /tufl
Ah I MTUfVi S If f /^A
k',f 1 W 1 f'N STf ( /tvjA
«f 1 WliiN STFf /MA
A f 1 k T f i h STt-f /\*A
S 1 AfjDAHD SI A , CO
ffj I f k',A [ I(I'\!A «f
T kfU'J C I I Y SAM) H
K( i*J Hf kS CD .
1 N 1 f kNA 1 1 ONA Ml
HANNf h K IHF WHdAK
»Ht f L INU PI T T.SHU
ftHff LIN(. PI T1SHU
*\Ht- M i M* PITT SHU
HDt Kt Yh PtlAl- U
i AMD i hAi (iPF k . r
ft nt k AI ^APf PHI lA
HAill [ 1 AY Til.
i in I |i knnf H fli.
.SATWiLL'^y ) AJ ( .
ST ANDAfcO Si A(. fll
fthf f L INU-PT TTSRI)
I'.Hf f L 1 M.-PT I I .SHU
Figure 17b. Point source summary - Follansbee.
59
-------
267.
2/1
2/19
4/14
4/26
6/7
7/31
8/12
183
235
160
177
174
174
182
38,007
VIOLATION DAYS (n = 7)
OTHER DAYS (n = 6 )
Figure 18a. Wind direction roses for selected days at Mingo Junction.
Locations of major nearby point sources and their annual
emissions in tons per year are also shown in the upper
part of the figure.
60
-------
PlJjNl S(
si H : MI
*
( H * )
S ^U . ill
S ss . no
SiS. TO
S 4 U . i3 0
s^i.nn
S S ^ . / 0
Siu.uil
S Su . r>f)
S 0
S S i . (0
S ^ \ . Ml
s ^ \ . so
S i 4. HI
SSO.ih
S ] 'l . /*!
SSll.m
s'^is'
S ^. S<
S ^ . -i i-
IWCF bll^MflWr
Mfi-1 JUM- T I UN
Y f-M SSMN
( « w ! ( f / y w i
ua 7 u . u i \'J i a . t' u
ay M .t* i J /KM . ct1
u a 7 "i . i) i u i s . oo
ua M . 1 i 1 4QS. ufi
J i7S.il 1 Ubi.uo
U-J 7U S1 ^Jy ** . i ii
JUfiS.Hn S n 1 «* . i . ( i
a«hS.*o *««,...,.
a JSS .HO SH s t u . mi
a-JhH . q n 00 . On
i-iss.s ^whuy.i i
-4^^;« '""M^O
'J Uhh .7 ) 4 1 S. mi
'J Uh S . ^ 1 ^ t rt . il (i
H"- :
Si*
nib! AM( f
I f
h .
fi .
h.
y _
/ .
h .
J .
f, t
h.
1 .
1 .
? .
t .
1 .
1 .
S .
\ .
S .
f> ^
0 .
T )
H/
ss
Dh
M?
^^
^ 1
Sh
/a
1 r>
^^
1 h
74
S7
SO
>*
Ih
"J \
^
7U
1 ^
t ^
lu a .
i so.
SOltHrt M). t MAMF
1 ^.t- T w TUN STF F | /fyA
? KM H TUN STF H /^lA
_\ *vF 1 P. TUN STF Fl /fyA
U %EIH1UM STFFi /NA
S nt TRTON STFM /NA
h tcf T H T(IN SI FH /NA
7 ST ANOAHf) Si A(, rf"
H INK- MhAI KhMAI WT
9 1 WON C T T V SANP tc
KIIPPKus rn.
1 ! NiTt MNA I TUNAl **j
r1 HAN IV t W F I H F- W H n i H
f H F F t I h t. P T T T S H11
ftHf f I INU PT I T SMli
rtMF L INb PT T T SHU
HUE ^₯^ PllMhR
7 r A W T NAI HPF R. f
f- H) k At PAPF WHO A
14 (ihl HllrtFW fll.
r1!. SA1PALI HY INf .
^ I ST AM) AMD SI A<; f u
^^ rtHF t I I M,-P1 T T SHII
f> i /.hF f- I I N(,-P( r TSHli
Figure 18b. Point source summary - Mingo Junction.
61
-------
emissions totaling nearly 4900 tons per year lie about 1-1/2 miles in this
direction, and an additional Wheeling-Pittsburgh facility emitting approxi-
mately 2000 tons per year lies roughly 2 miles away to the north-northwest.
Also, the monitor is source specific being located immediately to the west of
a EOF shop and blast furnace facility operated by Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel,
and sheltered by sharply rising terrain immediately to its west. Emissions
from this Mingo Junction facility (Source No. 23) are listed as 2391 tons per
year in the inventory. The proximity of the monitor to the Mingo Plant pre-
vents any meaningful separation of the relative impact of these major sources
on these days. Figure 18b identifies the sources.
Except for the Cardinal Power Plant located about 5-1/2 miles to the
south-southwest, the point source with the greatest annual emissions is
Satralloy, located within a separate valley roughly 4 miles from the monitor
in a south-southwest direction.
The composite plot for nonviolation days shows nearly equal weighting
between winds from the north and north-northwest and those from the south
and south-southwest. A more detailed examination of the wind data in
Table 18, however, shows that on 2 of the 3 nonviolation days with northerly
winds (14 January and 7 February) a major storm was moving up the Atlantic
Coast and the study area was experiencing moderate northwesterly flow and
light snowfall. Under these conditions, particulate concentrations tend to
be low because of rapid dispersion, reduced fugitive-dust emissions due to
snow cover and wet surfaces, the cleansing effect of precipitation in general,
and low background levels. Of the violation days, the most similar synoptic
pattern occurred on 26 April when a low was also moving up the Atlantic coast
but had only reached Cape Hatteras by the end of the day. The winds on this
day were more northerly and there was no precipitation. The third nonviola-
tion day with northerly winds at Wellsburg was 28 December. Table 18 shows
that the wind at Steubenville on that day was highly variable, and also, that
the wind had an easterly component for a considerable portion of the day at
Wellsburg.
Clarington
Figure 19a shows that the prevailing winds on the single isolated vio-
lation day (28 December) were northerly, and that the concentration exceeded
that at the nearest site to the north, Powhattan Point, by 74 ug/m3. Sources
implicated by the wind direction are the Mitchell and Rammer power plants
roughly 5 and 6 miles away toward the north-northeast. Figure 19b identified
the sources.
62
-------
13,840,
12/28
VIOLATION DAYS (n = I )
OTHER DAYS (n =12)
Figure 19a. Wind direction roses for selected days at Clarington.
Locations of major nearby point sources and their
annual emissions in tons per year are also shown in
the upper part of the figure.
63
-------
Si It 1 I.UAKI.MMIl
( K
SIS
S 1 S
SI u
sis
sis
SIS
s i y
41 S
sis
Si I
" J
. s<
. 'l
. 7i
.S(
7 (
. U
. /t
. n i
.S'
(K
a -J i o
U40H
4SP7
yun9
u a I)H
« JOS
u jfiS
a OS
y i^h
a*»*7
M )
. ID
. 711
.?n
.so
. M)
. 40
. ^0
. 00
.so
.SO
( I
1 W*
1 f*H
1
*(J
1 B
f
lit*: SI 1 . l.
UISTAMCF
(vlt!
6. I S
S.<>U
i.S7
I .M
S.60
S. I 1
4.1.7
1.BO
U UO 1 . f>S N
I S'lllRTF Ml. t NAMf
I y 0 , 9
la?.l
K AMMf h HllnFR SI A
"I t< HELL Pil*FH P
MI)H A V f:Hf MI C Al L
4.U S MCIIINTATNFER fAWB
\.6 h H.H. Hffrvrn.
y. ^ 7 ( I TF s SFRV I rt- r n
U.o 8 IIHld Ff-HWO AllCtv
^, S ^ UHMF.T TUHP.
^.; m niNSfu KIATFO AUI
ii uutHtG MiNiNf, rn
Figure 19b. Point source summary - Clarington.
64
-------
SECTION 6
SOURCE IMPACT ANALYSIS
As a final task, an attempt has been made to combine the chemical and
microscopic analyses with the emissions and meteorological data in order to
better understand the sources or source categories which are causing non-
attainment of TSP standards. Inherent in this type of study is the limita-
tion that an emissions inventory is not available for the specific day of
interest. Hence, annual emissions estimates must be utilized and any special
occurrences affecting a monitor on a certain day can not be identified. These
special occurrences include such events as control equipment failure, localized
fires, plowing, and extraordinary vehicular activity which have an impact on
a monitor.
As described in Section 3, the filters which were analyzed were selected
for particular reasons and not randomly. Hence, attempts to extrapolate re-
sults to an annual basis may not be statistically significant. Two types of
analysis have been carried out as part of this effort:
interspecies correlations, and
upwind/downwind relationships
This section describes the results of these analyses.
INTERSPECIES CORRELATIONS
A technique which is often used to assess the factors relating to high TSP
concentrations is interspecies correlation. This technique involves computing
a matrix of correlation coefficients between individual chemical species esti-
mates for one or several sites and drawing conclusions as to which species and,
hence, sources of these species, significantly explain the variance in TSP
levels. A significant positive correlation coefficient between TSP and one or
a group of elements would suggest that the sources of the element are a cause
of high TSP concentrations.
The data used in this analysis were derived from the third set of filters
which were studied the 25 filters selected for upwind-downwind analysis. In
addition to using the chemical species data which were measured for these fil-
ters (SOij, NOa, Fe, As), the major particle categories, identified optically,
were included. These categories were minerals, flyash, coal fragments, soot,
and iron oxide. These components constituted about 97 percent of the visible
particulate on a filter. Two other categories were also included in the cor-
relation study; these were the adjusted TSP levels (total particulates minus
65
-------
sulfates and nitrates) and the ratio of iron-to-arsenic (Fe/As). The ad-
justed TSP levels may be expected to correlate better with optical studies
as secondary particulates are typically too small to see. Computations of
mass concentrations based on the optical analysis use the adjusted TSP to
represent the reference concentration. The Fe/As ratio is often an indi-
cator of the impact of flyash and coal fragments. This ratio in coal is
about 100:1 and in coal flyash about 30:1. This change in ratio occurs
due to selective control of the various elements. Iron normally remains
as a solid in flue gas and is captured by the control equipment. Arsenic
is often vaporized and thus condenses after entering the ambient air. This
factor is confounded in an area such as the AQCR 181 due to the significant
amount of iron oxides emitted. Soil also has a very high Fe/As ratio, on
the order of 10,000:1. So high values of this parameter on a filter would
suggest iron, oxides or soils as major source categories. Low values suggest
flyash or coal fragments. It should be noted that valley-specific analyses
of source constituents were not available for this study.
The technique used in this analysis was to study all samples collec-
tively, regardless of location, meteorological conditions or sampling date.
This was done in an attempt to have an acceptable sample size (there were
at most two samples from a site) and range of concentration. It is recog-
nized that this could obscure certain significant relationships.
Table 20 presents the correlation between the mass percent of each opti-
cal category observed on the filter and the unadjusted TSP. (Similar results
were obtained using adjusted TSP).
TABLE 20. CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS AND MEAN PERCENTAGES
Percent of mass represented by component
TSP
Minerals
-0.46
Flyash
0.16
Coal
fragments
0.14
Soot
0.20
Iron oxides
0.32
Mean and Std.
Dev. (percent) 30.3 ± 7.3 22.9 ± 4.8 22.1 ± 6.7 11.3 ± 3.3 8.1 ± 4.8
When using mass percentages, correlation coefficients indicate whether
the portion represented by any component changes with changing concentration.
Based on the number of samples (25), the 5 percent level for "r" is 0.38.
Review of these results shows that the portion of the particulate de-
scribed as minerals declines significantly as TSP concentrations increase.
This implies that minerals, and hence their principal sources - soils and
process emissions - are most likely not the cause of high 24hour TSP con-
centrations in the valley.
The other four categories all have positive but nonsignificant correla-
tions coefficients. This implies that there is no pattern to the change in
percentage with changing TSP levels. One can imply that the mean percentage
66
-------
does not change and that, as an example, flyash is as likely to comprise 23
percent of the particulate on a filter at low concentration as it is at high
concentration.
Table 21 presents the correlation matrix for the elemental species data.
Again, an absolute value for r of greater than 0.38 indicates a nonrandom
relationship. Review of these data in relation to the adjusted TSP levels
(ATSP) indicates that each of the optically determined categories is strongly
correlated to ATSP. This indicates that the concentration of each of these
components increases quite linearly (though not necessarily with a slope of
1.0) with increasing TSP. Sulfates and iron also correlate well with TSP
but no significant fit is found for nitrates or arsenic. The adjusted and
unadjusted TSP levels correlate at 0.99.
The nitrate concentrations are completely uncorrelated with sulfate con-
centrations. It is known that coal fly ash contains a significant amount of
water-soluble sulfate, 5-22 percent by weight.Itf Fly ash does not contain sig-^
nificant amounts of nitrates. If the principal source of nitrates are assumed
to be long range transport, then this lack of correlation between these two com-
ponents suggests that transport was not a significant factor on the days studied.
SC>2 was found to correlate significantly only with coal fragments, however, the
sulfur in coal is not expected to be in sulfate form in significant quantities.
Arsenic was found to correlate significantly only with the mass of coal
fragments observed on the filter. The concentration of iron was found to corre-
late significantly with each of the optical components, in particular, the iron
oxides and with TSP concentrations. This is expected since iron is a component
of each of these categories.
UPWIND-DOWNWIND COMPARISON
As noted in Section 3, the third set of filters were selected to allow
upwind-downwind comparisons for the purpose of identifying probable sources
causing concentrations in excess of 150 yg/m3. The filters were selected by
identifying days on which the wind direction was fairly well defined and
there were isolated violations of the standard. A total of 30 filters were
selected which would have allowed 12 case studies to be performed. Sub-
sequently, however, errors in filter identification, sampling period, and
measured concentrations invalidated a key filter in six of the sets, allowing
only six for further study.
In several instances, no conclusion can be drawn as to the cause of the
high concentration. This occurs when two filters with extremely different
reported concentrations have identical species analysis. In several cases
where this happens, further study indicated that an error had occurred in
67
-------
TABLE 21. CORRELATION MATRIX OF OPTICAL AND CHEMICAL ANALYSES
00
Coal Iron
Minerals Flyash fragments Soot oxides SOi, NOa As
Minerals
Flyash
Coal
fragments
Soot
Iron
oxides
SO.,
NO 3
As
Fe
Fe/As
TSP
ATSP
0.76 0.73 0.82 0.38 0.37 -0.06 0.08
0.69 0.70 0.70 0.34 -0.16 -0.03
0.69 0.41 0.66 -0.18 0.44
0.50 0.48 -0.02 0.01
-0.01 -0.25 -0.02
-0.00 0.11
- -0.11
-
Fe
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-0.
-0.
68
76
52
62
87
20
02
11
-
Fe/As
0
0
0
0
0
-0
-0
-0
0
.31
.47
.20
.24
.68
.03
.16
.37
.68
-
TSP
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-0.
0.
0.
0.
90
92
85
87
66
49
11
13
74
37
-
ATSP
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0
0
0
0
0
.93
.94
.85
.87
.71
.43
.16
.12
.77
.41
.99
-
Mean
(yg/m3)
31.9
26.1
25.3
13.0
10.3
13.2
2.5
0.060
1.73
65.4
112.0
94.9
Std. Dev.
(yg/m3)
16.9
16.1
18.0
9.8
10.4
9.6
1.16
0.055
1.20
116.5
62.3
58.9
Notes: ATSP = TSP - (SO,, + N03)
First five columns (Minerals through Iron oxides) based on optical analysis.
Others based on chemical analysis
N = 25 r0 os » 0.38
-------
reporting the concentration. In several cases, it was not possible to ascer-
tain the cause of the difference or eliminate the filter. In these cases,
one or more of the following reasons for not identifying the source of the
concentration difference is true:
the methods used did not detect the critical component
which was different between filters,
material was lost from the filter or chemically modified before being
received by GCA,*
the estimated volumetric flow rate was incorrect for the sample, or
the filter was improperly weighed.
It was not possible to attribute any of these factors to a particular
filter.
The filter worksheets used in this study are presented in Appendix C of
this report, including those subsequently invalidated.
Case 1-2 January 1978
Filters Concentrations (yg/m3)
Martin's Ferry 36
Tiltonsville 152
Brilliant 43
Wind - Southwesterly
Review of the Martin's Ferry and Brilliant filters indicates that they
are almost identical with regard to concentration of TSP, SOi^, and NOs plus
each of the optical components. The exception is that the Brilliant filter,
located downwind of Tiltonsville experienced slightly higher iron concentrations.
The Tiltonsville site, however, experienced sulfate, nitrate, and mineral
impacts which are twice as high as the other two sites. The impact of combus-
tion type products at this site was five to seven times greater than at
Brilliant or Martin's Ferry.
Review of sources upwind of this monitor suggests that the most likely
source is the Wheeling-Pittsburgh Yorktown Plant located about one-half mile
southwest of the monitor. This source contains a number of coal-fired boilers
estimated to emit 1265 tons/year of particulate. This assumption is confirmed
by the size of the particles observed at Tiltonsville; coal fragments and
flyash at this site were often greater than 50 ym in size while similar par-
ticles at Martin's Ferry and Brilliant were all less than 40 ym. The large
particles are often the result of a relatively close source.
The filters were exposed 1 to 2 years before analysis.
69
-------
The stacks from the source were modeled using the hourly meteorological
data for this date. The results indicated an impact of about 6 yg/m3. This
impact is most likely underestimated due to problems in defining wind direc-
tion in the valley. This estimate does not include the impacts of any fu-
gitive emissions from this facility.
The conclusion of this case study is that fugitive and stack emissions
from the Yorktown Plant resulted in an estimated impact of over 100 yg/m3 at
the Tiltonsville monitor. Much of the particulate was relatively large and,
hence, was not carried north as far as the monitor in Brilliant. Review of
all data, however, suggest that there may have been an error in initially
measuring total particulate on the filter. The factor of 2 difference in
NC>3 and minerals is somewhat unexpected. As all species concentrations
are reported relative to the total particulate mass, this would have resulted
in overestimation of all optical components. If this error has occurred, then
the impact of this source would be about 25 yg/m3, more in line with the model
predictions.
Case 2 - 14 January 1978
Filters Concentrations (yg/m3)
Follansbee 73
Weirton 152
Wind - Northerly
This set was originally to have contained the Toronto site which recorded
a concentration of 24 yg/m3 and is upwind of Weirton; however, this filter was
not available from Ohio. Insufficient filter was also available to perform
all chemical analyses on the Weirton and Follansbee filters. Hence, only
and NOa data are available from Follansbee.
Review of the microscope data indicate that each site is experiencing
about 20 yg/m3 of minerals and 4 yg/m3 of pollen. The major difference in
components is in the combustion category. Review of the particle size data
for these two sites suggests that both monitors are being impacted by rela-
tively nearby sources; both had flyash and coal particles over 50 ym.
Upwind of the Weirton site is the Weirton Steel facility. This source
is most likely the cause of the high concentrations recorded at Weirton. The
PTMTP was applied to the stacks for this facility using the hourly meteorology
for that day and an impact of 65 yg/m3 was estimated. When fugitive emissions
are added to this estimate, the level is expected to be approximately equal to
the excess particulate found on the filter over the concentration observed at
Toronto.
70
-------
Case 3-2 February 1978
Filter Concentrations (yg/m3)
Steubenville Court House 178
Wind - Northerly
Problems with the "low concentration" filters which were to be used in
this case invalidated their use. Review of the chemical and microscopic data
from this monitor however provides some interesting observations. This mon-
itor experienced very high concentrations of sulfate and coal fragments,
44 yg/m and 49 yg/m3, respectively. This sulfate level is quite high in re-
lation to the level recorded at Adams St. in Steubenville of 4.4 yg/m3. The
concentration at Adams St. was only 49 yg/m3 however.
On this day, a situation similar to this also occurred at the Clarington
site. The concentration at all of the other monitors in that area is about
40 to 50 yg/m3. The Clarington monitor, however, reported 123 yg/m3 and
NOVAA reported the S(\ level at 28 yg/m3.
Based on this information, no obvious source of the particulate and high
sulfate level can be identified. The sulfate in the observed fly ash accounts
for less than 10 yg/m3 of the 44.5 yg/m3 which was observed. The size distribu-
tion of particles on the filter indicates most are less than 40 ym. This would
suggest that a localized source is not the cause of the high concentration.
Case 4-2 April 1978
Filters Concentrations (yg/m3)
Powhattan Point 180
Clarington 68
Wind - Northerly
A set of filters had originally been collected which included the two
E. Liverpool sites. One of these sites had a concentration of 75 yg/m and
the second was reported as 176 yg/m3. However, the analysis ultimately in-
dicated that the high concentration should actually have been 52 yg/m3. The
higher concentration is the value reported to EPA by the local agency. During
performance of this study, the value was determined to be a transcription
error and the latter value found to be the correct concentration. Hence, no
further effort has been expended. These filters are described in Appendix C.
The high concentration observed at Powhattan Point is extremely isolated;
no other site in that section of the valley exceeds 90 yg/m3. Review of the
percent breakdown by class of the particules observed microscopically at the
Powhattan Point and Clarington sites indicates that they are identical within
the accuracy of the technique. The filters are both characterized by small
71
-------
particle sizes (<40y) with the exception that coal fragments at Powhattan
were observed to range up to 65 microns.
The iron and arsenic concentrations are in proportion to the differences
in concentration between the sites; the SO^ and NOs concentrations are
slightly higher at Powhattan.
Review of the inventory indicates no major sources north of Powhattan
Point. A large slag dump is located southwest of the monitor, however, no
slag was observed on the filter.
In this case, again, no apparent cause for the concentration difference
can be determined. One must assume either the tests used did not detect the
cause of the high concentration or an error occurred in weighing the filter.
Case 5-8 April 1978
Filters Concentrations (yg/m3)
Weirton 208
Toronto 155
New Cumberland 169
New Manchester 38
Wind - Northwesterly
The microscopically determined classification of particles for this case
study fairly strongly delineates the New Cumberland and Toronto sites as being
almost identical; the New Manchester site as appearing like "background"; and
the Weirton site as showing a more complex situation than the more northern
sites.
Each of the three southern monitors have estimated mineral impacts esti-
mated at about 40 yg/m3 while New Manchester has a mineral impact of 13 yg/m3.
At all four sites, the size of the minerals, mostly calcite, is quite small
(<10 ym) implying a relatively distant source. The New Cumberland site has an
estimated impact from flyash of 44 yg/m and some flyash particles up to
100 ym were observed on the filter. The flyash on the other two southern
filters was smaller (<70 ym) and that for New Manchester less than 30 ym. The
Weirton site shows a major impact from iron oxide (41 yg/m3) although the size
of the particles is less than 5 ym.
Review of the inventory for a source which would impact the three southern
monitors but not New Manchester during northwesterly winds , leads to the Sammis
Plant which emits over 55,000 tons/year of particulate. Use of the PTMTP model
with hourly meteorological data for this day suggests a 24-hour average impact
of about 40 to 60 yg/m3. This is consistent with the flyash estimates.
The higher concentrations observed at the Weirton site most likely result
from operation of the Weirton Steel facility. This facility is apparently
72
-------
contributing about 30 yg/m3 of iron oxide, 5 yg/m3 of coal fragments, and
10 yg/m3 of flyash. This level of impact is consistent with previous PTMTP
runs.
Case 6-26 April 1978
Filters Concentrations (yg/m3)
Wellsburg 140
Mingo Junction 177
Brilliant 95
Steubenville CH 81
New Manchester 67
Follansbee 75
Wind - Northerly
The analysis of minerals for these sites indicates a relatively uniform con-
centration throughout the area; the particles are all small (<20 ym) suggesting
that localized fugitive dust emissions are not the cause of high concentrations.
The flyash concentrations are low compared to a day such as 8 April; they aver-
age less than 15 yg/m3 at all sites except Mingo Junction and Wellsburg.
These latter two sites recorded much higher concentrations of each of the com-
bustion components. These results suggest that the elevated TSP levels recor-
ded at Mingo Junction and Wellsburg are the result of the numerous steelmaking
facilities to the north of Mingo Junction. These include several Wheeling-
Pittsburgh facilities and Koppers Co.
Case 7-17 September 1978
Filters Concentrations (yg/m3)
Wellsville 93
E. Liverpool CH 175
Wind - Southerly
This filter pair is quite interesting because the chemical species con-
centrations and the distribution of particulates among the microscopically
defined categories are identical. Only the total concentration on the fil-
ters is different. The particle size ranges also are identical with the ex-
ception that flyash and coal fragment particles have an upper diameter of
about 67 ym at E. Liverpool and 27 ym at Wellsville.
PTMTP was used to model the Sammis Plant for this day and was found to
have no impact at Wellsville and an impact of about 20 yg/m3 at E. Liverpool.
This day is one with high sulfate levels which contribute strongly to
high concentrations throughout the valley. No obvious source or source ca-
tegory can be associated with the E. Liverpool concentrations.
73
-------
OTHER STUDIES
Two days were studied in an attempt to gain an overview of conditions in
the valley. This study used the first group of 20 filters as basis and the
results were as follows.
March 21, 1978
This day is characterized by isolated violations; values above 150 yg/m3
were recorded only at Steubenville Court House, E. Liverpool Fire Station,
and Follansbee. The filters analyzed include Wellsburg (No. 3416) and E. Liver-
pool Fire Station (No. 3651). The weather during the day was overcast and
windy with south-westerly flow; 0.21 inches of precipitation was recorded at
Pittsburgh during the afternoon. The area had just experienced a warm spell
and this was the first sampling day on which no snow cover was reported.
Figure 20 presents the regional 24-hour TSP concentrations. Many sites
in the valley exceeded 100 yg/m3 but no very high concentrations (>200 yg/m3)
were recorded. Those sites which exceed 150 yg/m3 did so by a small margin.
Comparison at monitor sites located close to those which exceeded 150 yg/m3
indicates that the higher concentration was recorded at the site which was
closer to ground level.
Review of the microscopic data indicate that, in general, a larger than
usual percent of the particles were in 2.5 to 40. micron range and that a
major portion of the particles were mineral in nature. The chemical data for
Wellsburg indicate a very high concentration of chloride.
This information combines to indicate that the cause of violations for
this day was primarily blowing road dust and salt. The final snow melt had
occurred several days before and the sand and salt mixed in the snow piles
released. It was quite windy providing opportunity for these particles to
be entrained and collected in the hi-vols. This explains why monitors closer
to street level recorded higher concentrations and also why concentrations
were relatively uniform throughout the valley. The strong winds would pro-
vide good ventilation, resulting in relatively low point source impacts.
It is likely that the entire valley would have experienced very high
concentrations if precipitation had not occurred during the afternoon. As
it was, only those sites closest to the fugitive source collected enough
particulate before the rain to result in a 24-hour average violation.
May 26, 1978
A regional violation situation existed on this day. Fourteen sites ex-
ceeded the secondary standard and four of these also exceeded the primary
standard. Optical and chemical analysis was performed on 6 days, at New
Manchester (No. 3430), Clarington (No. 3647), Mingo Junction (No. 3664),
74
-------
JEFFERSON \.74
Figure 20. 24-hour TSP concentration - March 21.
75
-------
Shadyside (No. 3670), Tiltonsville (No. 3673) and Wellsville (No. 3678). The
Clarington site recorded the highest 24-hour concentrations measured during
1978 on this day, 545 yg/m3. The weather this day was clear with light,
variable winds and no precipitation. The wind had been light for at least
4 days preceding May 26, providing little opportunity for flushing of the
valley.
Figure 21 describes the regional pattern of TSP levels. Though most
sites exceed the 150 yg/m standard, two areas of very high concentration
exist: the Steubenville-Follansbee-Mingo Junction area and the Clarington-
Hannibal sites.
The optical analysis did not suggest anomalous particle distributions,
however, it was interesting to note that the Clarington filter was character-
ized as "moderately loaded." The SEM analysis of the Clarington filter
revealed an extraordinary finding: the filter fibers were thickly coated
with a "scale" which the XRF indicated to be pure silica.
Chemical analysis indicates that sulfate levels are about 15 yg/m ,
higher than those of March 21 and April 26 but not extreme in comparison
to regional averages. The metals analysis did not show any significant in-
crease in levels from those reported on other days.
Concentrations on May 26 are apparently dominated by high background
levels of flyash, dust, and biologicals. This background developed after
a period of low wind speed, nonprecipitation days. The excessive concentra-
tions measured in the Mingo Junction area most likely result from emissions
from the Wheeling-Pittsburgh and Kopper facilities carried by the northerly
winds.
In the Clarington area, the extremely fine silica is most likely a
process emission. Review of the facilities in the area indicates Ohio Ferro
Alloys is the most likely source of this silica.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the microscopic and chemical analysis indicate the break-
down of the particles on an "average" filter (listed in Table 22).
This tally is based on the filter samples used in the upwind-downwind
analyses and, thus, do not necessarily represent the average conditions.
However, the variance in the estimates among the various filters was not
great, giving credence for the use of these numbers to generalize.
The estimated combustion and process source impact (i.e., emissions from
stacks) ranges from 32 yg/m3 to about 40 yg/m3. Most of the iron oxide is
assumed to be process emission due to its small size. Mobile sources are es-
timated to account for only about 3.4 yg/m3 of this total based on average
lead concentrations on the filter of 0.3 yg/m3. As noted in Section 2, con-
trol of point source emissions down to the allowable level will result in a
50 to 95 percent reduction in emissions; this will result in a reduction of
about 22 to 27 yg/m in average TSP concentrations. Hence, control of point
76
-------
296
COLUMBI AN A
Figure 21. 24-hour TSP concentration - May 26.
77
-------
TABLE 22. SOURCE CATEGORY IMPACTS
Concentration
(Std. Dev.)
Category
Minerals
Coal fragments
Iron oxide
Flyash
Soot
Sulfates and nitrates
Other3
(yg/m3)
30
21
8
22
10
15
6
(+6.9)
(+6.4)
(+5.5)
(+4.6)
(+3.2)
(+9.7)
Source type
Fugitive dust and fugitive
emissions
Fugitive emissions
) Fugitive emissions
j Point source emissions
Point source emissions
Point source emissions
j Transport
) Point source emissions
(
Q
Includes biologicals, glass, burned wood, and tire rubber.
sources alone is not expected to be adequate for attainment of the primary
annual standard at all sites.
Attainment of the annual standard will require implementation of regula-
tions controlling fugitive dust and fugitive emissions throughout the valley.
Much of the "Minerals" category is composed of fine-grained calcite, some
portion of which results from industrial processes such as limestone crushing.
Coal fragments emitted during pulverizing or entrained from coal piles also
represent a significant portion of total particulates observed on the filters.
Control of fugitive emissions in these categories will be required to attain
the annual standard.
The individual day analyses, however, consistently indicated that ex-
ceedance of the secondary 24-hour standard is often caused by the impact of
a particular source or sources on a monitor. In the cases studied, the
sources which apparently caused short-term standards violations included:
Ohio Edison Sammis Plant/Stratton
Weirton Steel/Weirton
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel/Mingo Jet
Feeling-Pittsburgh Steel/Yorkville
Koppers Co./Follansbee
Ohio Ferro-Alloy/Clarington
Reduction of the emissions from these sources to the allowable levels
would often have resulted in the 24-hour secondary standard not being
exceeded for the days studied.
78
-------
REFERENCES
1. "Fugitive Emissions and Fugitive Dust Emissions", U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, OAQPS, Research Triangle Park, NC. 1975
2. PEDCo Environmental, Inc. Validation of Empirical Model for Estimating
TSP Annual Concentrations. U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC.,
January 1979.
3. McCrone, W.C. "The Particle Atlas, Volume 1", Second Edition, Ann Arbor
Science Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1973, p. 224.
4. "National Assessment of the Urban Particulate Problem, Volume I," U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-450/3-76-024, Research Triangle
Park, NC., 1970.
5. Scientific and Technical Assessment Report on Particulate Polycyclic
Organic Matter (PPOM), EPA-600/6-74-001, March 1975.
6. R.E. La Flamme, R.A. Kites Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 42, 289 (1978).
7. R.J. Gordon, Environ, Sci. & Tech., 10(4), 370 (1976).
8. A.H. Miguel and S.K. Friedlander, Atmos. Environ, 12, 2407 (1978).
9. L. Demaio and M. Corn., JAPCA. 16(2), 67 (1966).
10. R.P. Hangebrauck, D.J. von Lehmden, and J.E. Meeker. "Sources of Polynuclear
Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere," U.S. Department of HEW, Cinn. OH 1967.
11. B.E. Suta, "Human Population Exposures to Coke-Oven Atmospheric Emission,"
U.S. EPA, SRI Internations, Menlo Park, Calif. November 1977.
12. G. Broddin, L. van Vaeck and K. Van Cauvenberghe, Atmos. Environ, 11, 1061
(1977).
13. D.J. von Lehmden, R.P. Hangebrauck, and J.E. Meeker, JAPCA, 15, (1965).
14. Henry, W.M., and K.T. Knapp, "Compound Forms of Fossil Fuel Fly Ash Emissions,"
Environmental Science and Technology, 14:4, pp. 450-456, April 1980.
79
-------
APPENDIX A
POINT SOURCE INVENTORY
80
-------
PL4MT
MUAKErt STATE OIL
HOMER L^USHLIN CHINA
WEIRTON STEEL/NATION
v'LlRTQN STEEL/NATION
iv'EIRTON STEEL/NATION
UEIRTON STEEL/NATION
WLIRTON STEEL/NATION
WE.IRTON STEEL/NATION
STANDARD SLAG COMPAN
INTERNATIONAL MILL S
GLOr>E REFRACTORIES S
IRON CITY SAMu & GRA
TRI-STATE ASPHALT #3
TRI-STATL ASPHALT &4
KOPPERS CO.
INTERNATIONAL MILL s
3AhNtK ~ IBERbCARU CO
WHEELING PITTSBURGH
'JHtELlNS PITTSBURGH
inlHiEELINo PITTSBURGH
OHIO VALLEY HOSPITAL
SLAW KNOX PL'MINSULA
CENTRE FOUNDRY
VALLEY CAMP COAL NO.
CAr"P COAL NO.
POWciR STATION
MITCHELL POWER =>LANT
WHEELING-PIT1S3UR3H
ALLIEj CHEMICAL-SQUT
M08AY CHEMICAL CORP.
PPG INDUSTRIES
MOUNTAINEER C -\RBON C
TRIANGLE P.W.C. INC.
3EN*QOO LIMESTONE
H.B. REE1) CO.
FOSTCRIA GLASS
CITES S-IRVICE CO.
TRI-STATE ASP-ALT
-jACCO MIMING
VALLEY
KA^IKER
POINT
X ( K
-------
PLANT NAME
TRI STATE ASPHALT
OHIO EOISON/R.E.6URG
OHIO VALLEY PAVING P
SWANK REFACTQRIES
WALLACE/MURRAY CORP.
OHIO EDISON CO.
COLUMBIA FOUNDRY CO.
N.R.M. CORP-FOUNDRY
KAIScR REFRACTORIES
COLUMBIANA PUMP CO.
OHIO FERRO ALLOYS
OR MET CORP.
CONSOLIDATED ALUMINU
QUARTO MINING CO.
BUCKEYE POWER
CARDINAL CPER. COKP.
KAUL CLAY CO.
F.J. DANDO CO.
OHIO EDISON CO./SAMM
SATRALLOY INC.
OHIO EDISON CO./TORO
STANDARD SLAG CO.
WHEELING-PITTSBURGH
WHEELING-PITTSBURGH
WHEELING-PITTSBURGH
TORONTO PAPERbOARD C
SUMMITSVILLE TILES
NATIONAL STEEL/UEIRT
TITANIUM
POINT SOURCE INVENTORY
X(KM) Y«^)
522.70
520.50
482.90
528.10
511.70
535.90
525.20
525.30
523.70
526.00
514.70
515.00
515.00
511.50
529.40
530.00
533.30
525.30
531.10
527.90
533.50
532.50
525.40
532.50
533.50
533.70
509.80
532.70
533.00
4431.90
4417.50
4434.80
4493.10
4526.80
4520.30
4525.80
4525.40
4526.10
4525.80
4405.40
4395.00
4396.50
4397.50
4454.90
4455.80
4480.70
4488.90
4486.70
4462.00
4481.50
4462.60
4445.40
4466.70
4463.20
4480.00
4503.00
4467.00
4477.50
EMISS
ACTUAL
4.
23125.
17.
172.
525.
600.
1.
97.
202.
45.
54.
1855.
556.
44.
149.
38007.
42.
43.
55191.
6213.
5135.
51.
1493.
1963.
2391.
1451.
233.
16.
67.
IONS (T/YR)
ALLOWABLE
9.
1612.
17.
27.
1796.
49.
22.
57.
758.
6.
214.
6704.
554.
51.
2401.
2753.
18.
17.
4378.
146.
623.
50.
43.
1259.
1430.
29.
86.
64.
127.
82
-------
APPENDIX B
MICRO INVENTORIES
83
-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-1900-003
Location - Fire Station, E. Pennsylvania Ave.,
East Liverpool, Ohio
UTM - N-4498 346, E-000538550
Monitor Height - 18 ft
Site Elevation - 760 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la. Residential/Commercial
Ib. Residential
Ic. Residential/Commercial
Id. Rural
2. Residential
3. River/Industrial
o 'A U
4. Residential/Industrial
5. Rural
6. Rural/Residential
7. Rural
8. Residential
9. Residential/Rural
(mile
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
Source
Pennsylvania Ave.
Visible major point sources:
Source
Sammis Power
Taylor, Smith, Taylor
Air quality data:
Year
1977
1978
Distance (feet)
45 ft
Description
3090 ADT, Dirty, Curbed
Direction
200
210
Geometric mean (ug/m3)
112
106
84
-------
268-51
1. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
2. Cleared area 0.08 ac.
3. Unpaved road 200 ft
4. Unpaved road 200 ft
5. Unpaved lot 0.08 ac
6. Unpaved lot 0.20 ac
7. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac
One-quarter mile radius around East Liverpool, Ohio site.
85
-------
268-52
One-mile radius around East Pennsylvania Ave., East Liverpool site.
86
-------
East Liverpool fire station site, view to West.
East Liverpool fire station site, view to South.
87
-------
AREA SOURCE SUMMARY
Site: East Liverpool, Ohio - Fire Station UTM N 4498.346 E 00538.550
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Ccmrn/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
Activity
rate
650 h.u.
6,182 VMT
420 A
6,182 VMT
1.5 VMT
0.08 A
0.36 A
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
1
1.2
neg
neg
0.1
neg
neg
0.2 .
2 '
0.7
neg
neg
neg
3
0.4
neg
0.1
4
0.4
neg
neg
0.1
ne&
5
0.4
neg
6
0.7
neg
neg
0.2
_jae^L
7
0.1
neg
0.4
8
1.0
neg
neg
4.2
0.4
neg
9
1.4
neg
Total
6.3
-
neg
4.2
1.3
... ne£.
neg..
0.2
00
oo
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
1.2
0.0
0.3
1.5
2 to 5
1.9
0.0
0.2
2.1
6 to 9
, 3.2
4.2
1.0
8.4
Total
6.3
4.2
1.5
12.0
Variable value
1
51.4
-
12.9
64.3
2 to 5
11.9
-
1.2
13.1
6 to 9
5.3
6.9
1.6
13.8
Total
68.6
6.9
15.7
91.2
-------
POINT SOUKC; SUMKARY
UTK: 5 3 o. = 5
X
(KM)
537.
531.
b33.
531.
530 .
530 .
528.
531.
30
00
10
93
00
OS
10
10
Y
(,
MO^£K
G L 'J ? "
TKI-ST
T R I - S T
>w A'>iK
OHIO ^
»SMITH»&TAYLOR
STAT^ OIL
HUC'HLIM CHINA
»EFRACTORI£S S
-M. ASPHALT S3
ME A S D H A L T * 1
RCFACTIRIL3
^ISOM CO./SAMH
89
-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-1900-001
Location - 126 West Sixth St.,
East Liverpool, Ohio (City Hall)
UTM - N-4496462 E-00535462
Monitor Height - 65 ft
Site Elevation - 760 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la. Commercial
Ib. Commercial
Ic. Commercial/Residential
Id. Commercial
2. Residential
3. Industrial/River
4 .
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
River
Commercial/River
Residential/Commercial
Residential
Industrial/Residential
Rural/Residential
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
Source
West Sixth Street
Visible major point sources:
Source
Distance (feet)
94 ft
Imile
Description
5130 ADT, Clean, Curbed
Direction
Air Quality Data:
Year
1977
1978
Geometric mean (yg/m )
68
90
90
-------
268-54
1. Unpaved lot 0.08 ac
2. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac
3. Unpaved lot 0.02 ac
4. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac
5. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac
6. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac
7. Cleared area 0.04 ac.
8. Cleared area 0.04 ac.
9. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
10. Cleared area 0.16 ac.
11. Coal piles 0.02 ac.
12. Cleared area 0.02 ac.
13. Unpaved lot 0.12 ac.
14. Cleared area 0.04 ac.
15. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
One-quarter mile radius around West Sixth Street, East Liverpool, Ohio site.
91
-------
_
; Vw--W':;;sr -;",
268-55
One mile radius around West Sixth Street, East Liverpool site.
92
-------
Court House site, East Liverpool, view to North.
Court House site, East Liverpool, view to South.
93
-------
AREA SOURCE SUMMARY
Site: East Liverpool, Ohio - City Hall UTM N 4496462 E 00535462
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comra/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad vards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Aggregate storage
Unpaved pkg lots
Activi tv
race
2,250 h.u.
2,439 VMT
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
1
4.5
0.3
neg
59.0 A
2,439 VMT
0.42 A
0.02 A
0.46 A
0.1
neg
neg
_5£!_
0.2 ,
2
5.6
neg
__neg__j
0.0
neg
3
1.5
neg
0.2
4
0.0
0.0
0.2
__Beg__
5
1.9
0.1
neg
0.1
neg
6
3.8
0.1
neg
0.1
Heg__
7
1.5
neg
8
1.1
neg
0.4
0.3
9
1.9
0.1
neg
25.0
0.2
neg
Total
21.8
0.6
_ . . neg .
25.0
1.6
neg
neg_
neg_ .
0.2
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
4.8
0.0
0.3
5.1
2 to 5
9.1
0.0
0.5
9.6
6 to 9
8.5
25.0
1.0
34.5
Total
22.4
25.0
1.8
49.2
Variable value
1
57.0
_
3.6
60.6
2 to 5
56.9
_.
3.1
60.0
6 to 9
14.0
41.1
1.6
56.7
Total
127.9
41.1
8.3
1 77 }
-------
POINT SOURCi SUvf>iRY
535.46 E < 4496.46
X
(KM)
5 3 7 . .5 0
531.30
533.43
531.90
520.00
530.00
528.13
533.33
525.30
531.10
533.50
4496.20
4495.20
4496.60
4495.70
4491.00
4491.00
4493.10
4460.70
4488.90
4486.70
4481.50
(T/YR)
94.00
35.00
233.03
Ib9.00
57.00
59.00
172.30
42.30
43.00
55191.30
5135.00
(MI)
1 .l1-
2.88
1.2S
2.2b
4.hC
4.80
b.03
9.89
7.67
fe .6*
9. Jo
(3-LS)
254
?73
2: 7
22f
225
245
187
233
2C4
187
.9
.9
.0
.0
.5
.6
.3
.1
.5
1 TAYLOR»SMITH»&TAYLOR
2 QUAKER STAT-: OIL
3 HOMER LAUGHLIN CHINA
4 GLQ9-: ^EFF CGTOiUES S
5 TRI-STATE ASPHALT *t 3
6 TRI-STATE ASPHALT «4
7 SWANK RLFACTD^I^S
8 KAUL CLAY CO.
9 F.J. 04NDO CO.
10 OHIO L3ISON CO./SAMM
11 0"IO tPISCN CD./TORO
95
-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-7220-002
Location - 1200 Main Street,
Wellsville, Ohio
UTM - N-4494255 E-00528879
Monitor Height - 18 ft
Site Elevation - 710 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la. Residential 4.
Ib. River 5.
Ic. Industrial 6.
Id. Residential/Commercial 7.
2. Residential 8.
3. Rural 9.
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
J I
o V
Industrial
Rural
Residential
Rural
Industrial
Rural/Residential
Source
Main Street
Visible major point sources:
Source
Swank Refractory Plant
Distance (feet)
78 ft
Imile
Description
1000* ACT, Clean, Curbed
Direction
225
Air Quality Data:
Year
1977
1978
Geometric mean (yg/m )
96
94
96
-------
268-57
1. Cleared area 2.5 ac.
2. Unpaved lot 0.5 ac.
3. Unpaved road 100 ft.
4. Cleared area 0.04 ac.
5. Unpaved road 200 ft.
6. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
7. Unpaved road 300 ft.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Cleared
Unpaved
Unpaved
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
road 300 ft.
lot 0.2 ac.
lot 0.08 ac.
area 0.5 ac.
lot 0.36 ac.
lot 0.08 ac.
One-quarter mile radius around Wellsville, Ohio site.
97
-------
-\
G R ANT ,'/
268-58
One mile radius around Main Street, Wellsville site.
98
-------
Main Street Wellsville site, view to Southwest
Main Street Wellsville site, view to Northeast
99
-------
AREA SOURCE SUMMARY
Site: Wellsville, Ohio UTM N 4494255 E 00528879
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Aggregate storage
Unpaved pkg lots
Activitv
rate
1,576 h.u.
21,940 VMT
54.4 A
_21i940 VMT
3.4 VMT
3.04 A
2.0 A
1.58 A
1
3.8
0.1
neg
0.2
neg
neg
0.1
0.6 .
2
1.5
neg
neg
0.1
neg^
LJL^L__
E
3
0.0
0.0
0.2
mission
4
3.3
0.1
ne&.
0.1
neg
s by se
5
0.7
neg
JLJL
;ctor ,
6
3.1
0.1
neg
0.4
neg
ton/yr
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
8
2.1
0.1
neg
"
0.4
neg
2.8
9
0.9
neg
n.o
Total
15.4
0.4
neg.
P__ 0.4
_ - ne£-
neg..
0.1
2.8
0.7
o
o
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
T<~ . ^
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
3.9
0.0
0.9
/, s
2 to 5
5.6
0.0
0.5
f. i
6 to 9
6.3
0.0
3.6
n n
Total
15.8
0.0
5.0
on o
Variable value
1
167.2
-
38.6
o/-» r o
2 to 5
35.0
-
3.1
«
6 to 9
10.4
-
5.9
- ' -
Total
212.6
-
47.6
-
-------
POINT
i SUfMARY
UTV: 528.88 1 , 4494.25
X
(KM)
537.30
531.00
533.43
531.90
530.00
530.00
528.10
533.3D
525.30
531.10
533.50
533.70
Y
(KM
449b
4495
4496
4495
4491
4491
4493
4480
4438
4486
4481
4480
)
.20
.23
.60
.70
.00
.00
.10
.70
.90
.70
.50
.00
: MI So I
(T/YR
34
35
233
If. 3
57
59
172
42
43
55191
5135
1451
0 y
)
.00
.30
.33
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.CO
.00
.DO
DISTANC£
5.37
3.17
2.14
2.14
0 .60
8.86
4.00
4.89
8.43
9.35
ANGL£ SOURCL NO. ? NAME
< D -:. G )
77.0 i TAYLOR.SMITH,RTAYLOR
66.0 2 QlUKtR STATE OIL
62.6 ? HO:JltR LAU3HLIM CHINA
64.4 4 3L96E REFRACTORIES S
lfcl.0 5 TKI-oTATE ASPHALT «3
161.0 6 TRI-STATE ASPHALT »4
214.1 7 ?'J»NK REFACTORIE3
161.9 6 KAUL CLAY CO.
213.8 9 C.J. DtNDO CO.
163.6 13 OHIO LJISON CO./SAMM
160.1 11 OHIO -:DISON CO./TORO
161.3 12 TORONTO PAPER30ARO C
101
-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-6620-001
Location - 602 South Fourth St.,
Toronto, Ohio
UTM - N-4478732 E-00533732
Monitor Height - 29 ft
Site Elevation - 700 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la. Commercial/Residential
Ib. Residential
Ic. Commercial
Id. Commercial/Residential
2. Residential
3. Rural
I 1
4. Commercial
5. Residential
6. Rural
7. Rural
8. Commercial/Residential
9. Residential/Rural
(mile
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
Source
South Fourth St.
Visible major point sources:
Source
Toronto Paper board
Titanium Metals
Weirton Steel
Air Quality Data:
Year
1977
1978(Jan.-July)
I978(0ct.-Dec.)
Distance (feet)
85 ft
Description
1000* ADT, Cleaned, Curbed
Direction
325°
210°
190°
Geometric mean (yg/m3)
72 (Federal St.)
72 (Federal St.)
118 (4th St.)
102
-------
268-60
1. Cleared area 1.0 ac.
2. Construction 0.04 ac.
3. Unpaved lot 0.08 ac.
4. Cleared area 0.5 ac.
5. Cleared area 0.5 ac
6. Unpaved road 200 ft.
7. Cleared area 0.08 ac.
8. Unpaved lot 0.08 ac.
9. Unpaved lot 0.02 ac.
10. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
11. Cleared area 0.04 ac,
12. Unpaved lot 0.2 ac.
13. Unpaved lot 0.12 ac.
14. Coal piles 0.08 ac.
15. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
16. Unpaved lot 0.75 ac.
One-quarter mile radius around Toronto, Ohio site.
103
-------
olf
UCT^VIP
SfcV'W. I.1"'- lv\v " \PQKlWW' //'
268-61
One-mile radius around South Fourth Street, Toronto site.
104
-------
South Fourth St., Toronto site, view to North.
South Fourth St., Toronto site, view to West.
105
-------
AREA SOURCE S'JMJr-LARY
Site: Toronto, Ohio UTM N 4478732 E 00533732
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Aggregate storage
Unpaved pkg lots
Activity
rate
990 h.u.
757 VMT
51.2 A
757 VMT
0.75 VMT
3.12 A
0.04 A
0.08 A
2.83 A
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
1
1.6
neg
0.2
neg
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.6 .
2
0.8
neg
0.1
3
0.2
4
1.4
neg
neg
0.1
neg
5
2.4
neg
neg
1
0.1
neg
0.5
6
1.7
neg
0.2
neg
7
0.3
neg
0.1
8
1.0
neg
0.3
0.2
9
0.9
neg
, j
0.2
Total
10.1
neg_
i_ neg
1.5
neg_
neg_
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.3
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
1.6
0.0
1.1
2.7
2 to 5
4.6
0.0
1.0
S.fi
6 to 9
3.9
0.0
1.0
U Q
Total
10.1
0.0
3.1
1 0 0
Variable value
1
42.5
_
29.3
-7-1 «"»
2 to 5
28.8
6.2
_ -
6 to 9
6.4
_
1.6
- -
Total
77.7
37.1
-------
POINT SOURCE SUMMARY
Sl7E7~TORONTO
533.73 I , 4478.73 M
X
(KM)
534.30
535.00
535.00
534.40
533.00
533.70
534.00
534.20
529.50
530.00
530.00
533.40
534.60
533.60
533.50
533.80
528.10
533.30
525^.30
531.10
533.50
532.50
533.50
533.70
532.70
533.00
Y
(KM)
4474.40
4473.80
4473.00
4474.10
4475.00
4474 .50
4470.70
4474.20
4472.50
4491 .00
4491.00
4465.50
4464.80
4465.90
4465.80
4465.30
4493.10
44-30.70
4488.90
4486.70
4481 .50
4466.70
4*63.20
4480.00
4467.00
4477.50
L.1ISSION DISTANCE
(T/YP)
3914.00
47S8.00
415.00
1995.00
1463.00
2465.00
267.00
5.00
' 10.00
57.00
59.00
879.00
17.00
949.00
3039.00
645.00
172.00
42.00
43.00
55191.00
5135.00
1963.00
2391.00
1451.00
16.00
67.00
(MI)
2.71
3.16
3.65
2.91
2.36
2.63
4.99
2.83
4.68
7.97
7.97
8.22
8.67
7.97
8.04
8.35
9.59
1.25
8.21
5.21
1.73
7.52
9.65
0.79
7.32
0.09
ANGLE
OEG)
172.5
165.6
167.5
171.8
191.1
180.4
178.1
174.1
214.2
343.1
343.1
181.4
176.4
180.6
181.0
179.7
338.6
347.6
320.3
341.7
355.2
185.8
180.9
358.6
185.0
210.7
SOURCE NO. £ NAME
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
UEIRTON STEEL/NATION
UEIRTON STEEL/NATION
.'EIRTON STEEL/NATION
WEIRTON STEEL/NATION
WEIRTON STEEL/NATION
WEIRTON STEEL/NATION
STANDARD SLAG COHPAN
INTERNATIONAL MILL S
IRON CITY SAND & GRA
TRI-STATE ASPHALT t* 3
TRI-STATE ASPHALT «4
HOPPERS CO.
INTERNATIONAL MILL S
WHEELING PITTSBURGH
WHEELING PITTSBURGH
WHEELING PITTSBURGH
SWANK REFACTORIES
KAUL CLAY CO.
F.J. DANDO CO.
OHIO EDISON CO./SAMM
OHIO EDISON CO./TORO
WHEELING-PITTSBURGH
WHEELING-PITTSBURGH
TORONTO PAPER30ARD C
NATIONAL STEEL/WEIRT
TITANIUM METALS
107
-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-6420-012
Location - 814 Adams St.,
Steubenville, Ohio
UTM - N-4467577 E-00532077
Monitor Height - 30 ft
Site Elevation - 780 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la. Commercial
Ib. Commercial
Ic. Residential
Id. Residential
2. Residential
3. Commercial
4. Residential
5. Residential
6. Residential
7. Industrial
8. Residential/Rural
9. Residential
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
Distance (feet)
100
49
119
Source
Adams St.
Eighth St.
South St.
Visible major point sources:
Source
Wheeling/Pittsburgh Steel - North
Wheeling/Pittsburgh Steel - Sinter/Coke
Wheeling/Pittsburgh Steel - Mingo Works
Air Quality Data:
Year
1977
1978
Description
808 ADT, Clean, Curbed
500 ADT, Clean, Curbed
500* ADT, Clean, Curbed
Direction
155
145
150
Geometric mean (ug/m3)
98
94
108
-------
1. Cleared area 0.02 ac.
2. Cleared area 0.02 ac.
3. Unpaved lot 0.24 ac.
4. Unpaved lot 0.12 ac.
5. Unpaved lot 0.02 ac.
6. Unpaved road 200 ft.
7. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
8. Cleared area 0.02 ac.
9. Construction 0.08 ac.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Cleared
268-63
road 300 ft.
lot 0.06 ac.
lot 0.06 ac.
lot 0.12 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.16 ac.
lot 0.20 ac.
lot 0.20 ac.
area 0.36 ac.
One-quarter mile radius around Adams Street, Steubenville, Ohio site.
109
-------
^P^t^^^l^S^
r^,,H,,^ , ^>iwvS^
...A/' V- .,-< "-v ^
BM' \ , 'i StFlp-
Mine '-..--'
268-64
One-mile radius around Adams Street, Steubenville site.
110
-------
Adams Street, Steubenville site, view to Southeast.
Adams Street, Steubenville site, view to Southwest.
Ill
-------
AREA SOURCE Sl">MARY
Site: Steubenville, Ohio - Jefferson County Building UTM N 4467577 E 00532077
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comra/lnd fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
Activity
rate
2,010
1.9 VMT
0.42
0.08
1.78
Emissions by sector, ton/vr
1
h.u.
neg
neg
neg
neg
0.5 .
2
1.2
neg
0.1
3
1.0
neg
16.0
0.2
4
2.0
0.1
5
4.5
0.1
6
2.4
0.1
7
!
neg
8
1.3
neg
9
5.9
0.2
Total
19,7
0^
16.0
neg^
neg.
_aeg_
_ o^.__
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1 J 2 to 5
1.4
0.0
0.5
1.9
8.9
16.0
0.3
25.2
6 to 9
9.9
0.0
0.0
9.9
Total
20.2
16.0
0.8
37.0
Variable value
1
36.0
_
12.9
48.9
2 to 5
55.6
100.0
1.9
157.5
6 to 9
16.3
16.3
Total
107.9
100.0
14.8
222.7
-------
POINT SOURCL SUMMARY
532.08 £ t 4^67.58
X
(KM)
534.33
535.03
535.00
534.tO
533.00
533.70
534.00
534.20
529.50
533.40
534.60
533.30
533.60
533.50
533.80
529.40
530.00
533.30
527.90
533.50
532.50
532.50
533.50
533.70
532.70
533 .00
Y
IKH
4474
4473
4473
4474
4475
4474
4470
4474
4472
4465
4464
4458
4465
4465
4465
4454
4455
4480
4462
4481
4462
4466
4463
4480
4467
4477
EMISSION DICTAI1C
)
.40
.80
.00
.10
.00
.50
.70
.20
.50
.50
.80
.90
.90
.80
.30
.90
.80
.70
.00
.50
.60
.70
.20
.00
.00
.50
(T/f R)
3914 .
47R8.
415.
19^5.
1463.
2465.
267.
5 .
10.
879.
17.
94 .
949.
3035.
645.
149.
38007.
42.
6213.
5135.
51 .
1953.
2391.
1451 .
16.
67.
(MI)
00
00
00
03
00
00
U U
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
uO
GO
CO
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
4
4
3,
4 !
4,
if ,
2.
4 .
3 .
1,
2,
5 c
1,
1.
1<
8,
7,
a,
4,
3 <
3 .
3,
2,
7,
a.
6,
.46
.27
o3
.30
.65
.42
.26
.32
.45
. 5>3
, 3
, "5
. '3
.41
,77
.05
.43
.19
.33
.70
.10
.61
.86
.78
.53
. 1?
A'JSLE
( Jc.3)
18.1
25.2
28.3
19.6
7.1
13.2
31.6
17.8
332.4
147.5
137.7
172.0
137.8
141.3
142.9
1"! .9
190.0
5.3
216.8
5.8
175.1
1F4.3
162.0
7.4
132.9
5.3
SOU
1
1
C.
3
4
c;
C~
1
'$
9
13
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
19
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
SOUSC- NO. 5, NAME
UEIRT
VEIRTQ-:
STEEL/NATION
STEEL/NATluN
STEEL/NATION
JEIRTO'l STEEL/NATION
STEEL/"JATION
ST>:S:L/NATION
STANDMC SLAS COM^AN
INTERNATIONAL MILL S
IRON CITY SAMO & SRA
KOPPERS CO.
INTERNATIONAL MILL S
^ANN^R FIBER30ARO CO
WHEELING PITTSBURGH
./wrELINS PITTSBURGH
n/HttLINS -ITTSSURGH
5UCKEYE POklER
CARDINAL OPH:R. COMP.
KAUL CLAY CO.
SATRALLOY INC.
OHIO EDISON CO./TORO
STANDARD SLAG CO.
'IHLLLING-PITT33UR3H
«H^ELING-PITTSBURGH
TORONTO PAPiRBOARD C
NATIONAL STE£L/U£IRT
TITAMIljK PETALS
113
-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-6420-013
Location - 317 Market St.,
Steubenville, Ohio
UTM - N-4467551 E-00532238
Monitor Height - 50 ft
Site Elevation - 700 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la. Commercial
Ib. Industrial
Ic. Commercial
Id. Commercial
2. Industrial/Residential
3. Industrial/River
Imile
4. Residential
5. Commercial/Residential
6. Rural
7. Industrial/Rural
8. Residential
9. Rural/Residential
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
Distance (feet)
70
108
107
Source
S. Third St.
Market St.
Fourth St.
Visible major point sources:
Source
Wheeling/Pittsburgh Steel - North
Federal Paperboard (closed)
Wheeling/Pittsburgh Sinter Plant, Coke Batteries
Description
1021 Clean, Curbed
3300 Clean, Curbed
9 Clean, Curbed
Direction
180
35
145
Air Quality Data:
Year
1977
1978
Geometric mean (yg/m3)
105
109
114
-------
268-66
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Unpaved
Unpaved
Cleared
Unpaved
Cleared
Cleared
Cleared
Unpaved
Cleared
Cleared
Cleared
lot 0.12 ac.
lot 0.20 ac.
area 0.02 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
area 0.36 ac,
area 0.04 ac.
area 0.16 ac.
lot 0.20 ac.
area 0.40 ac.
area 0.28 ac.
area 0.08 ac.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Cleared
Unpaved
Cleared
lot 0.08 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.30 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.12 ac.
area 0.12 ac.
lot 0.06 ac.
area 0.04 ac.
One-quarter mile radius around Market Street, Steubenville, Ohio site.
115
-------
268-67
One-mile radius around Market St., Steubenville site.
116
-------
Steubenville court house site, view to Southeast.
Steubenville court house site, view to Southwest,
117
-------
AREA SOURCE SUMi-ASV
Site: Steubenville, Ohio - County Court House UTM N 4467551 E 00532238
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad vards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Aggregate storage
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
Activitv
rate
1,960 h.u.
22,211 VMT
100.1 A
22,211 VMT
1.5 A
1.0 A
10 A
1.66 A
1
0.5
0.2
neg
0.2
0.1
neg
0.6
n
iL
0.6
neg
0.2
E
3
0.1
neg
16.0
0.3
1.4
mission
4
2.5
0.1
0.2
0.1
s by se
5
1.9
0.1
0.1
0.1
^ctor ,
6
0.3
neg
'
0.6
0.1
ton/yr
7
1.3
neg
0.6
8
6.0
0.2
0.7
9
6.0
0.2
0.1
19.2
__neg
3.0
0.1
neg
1.4_
°-_1
0.8
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
0.7
0.0
0.9
1.6
2 to 5
5.3
16.0
2.4
23.7
6 to 9
14.0
0.0
2.1
16.1
Total
20.0
16.0
5.4
41.4
Variable value
1
10.8
_
13.9
24.7
2 to 5
33.1
100.0
15.0
148.1
6 to 9
23.0
_
3.4
?fi A
Total
66.9
100.0
32.3
1QQ 9
-------
POINT SOURCE SUMMARY
DTP: 532.24 L « 1*67.55 'I
X
(KM)
534.30
535.00
535.00
534.
-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-4420-001
Location - 501 Commercial St.,
Mingo Junction, Ohio
Monitor Height - 20 ft
Site Elevation - 700 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la. Industrial
Ib. Industrial
Ic. Residential
Id. Residential
2. River
3. Industrial
I-
4. Residential
5. Residential
6. Industrial/Residential
7. River/Industrial
8. Rural/Industrial
9. Residential/Rural
Imile
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
Source
Commercial St.
Potter St.
Visible major point sources:
Source
Wheeling/Pittsburgh Steel Co.
Cardinal Power
Wheeling/Pittsburgh Sinter Plant
Air Quality Data:
Year
1977
1978
Distance (feet)
97
43
Description
2110 ADT
500* ADT
Direction
115
180
005
Geometric mean (yg/m3)
131
131
120
-------
268-69
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Cleared
Unpaved
Unpaved
Cleared
Unpaved
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.02 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.02 ac.
area 0.08 ac
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
area 0.04 ac
lot 0.04 ac.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Unpaved
Cleared
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Cleared
lot 0.02 ac.
area 0.04 ac.
lot 0.06 ac.
lot 0.08 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.08 ac.
lot 0.02 ac.
road 200 ft.
road 200 ft.
area 0.04 ac.
One-quarter mile radius around Mingo Junction, Ohio site.
121
-------
sSi Ml ilUj-y,, .'
IL..-4 , \>" 1 J ^jg-^l
v T--^ " jLj\l-""I" Si^i*^ V i
c. >\V Hoove
' .:.:'.'-. TT /i
'' i:'"'-^ ^.'Deaudale , /:\ '^(tL.. ;,';;
'/>«%
268-70
One-mile radius around Commercial Street, Mingo Junction site.
122
-------
Commercial Street, Mingo Junction site, view to Southeast,
Commercial Street, Mingo Junction site, view to East from North of monitor site.
123
-------
AREA SOURCE S'JMMARY
Site: Mingo Junction, Ohio UTM N 4463381 E 00533394
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
Activity
rate
1,153 h.u.
26,154 VMT
146.0 A
26,152 VMT
1.5 VMT
5.2 A
0.2
3.33 A
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
1
2.9
0.1
neg
0.6
neg
neg
neg
0.3 .
2
neg
neg
0.3
3
0.0
0.0
0.3
"
0.1
4
2.0
0.1
neg
0.3
neg
0.3
5
1.9
0.1
neg
0.0
neg
6
1.6
0.1
1.0
7
0.7
neg
8
0.3
neg
neg
0.7
0.8
neg
neg
0.9
9
2.0
0.1
neg
0.4
neg
I
1
Total
N5
t-
0.5
neg
4.4
ne8
neg
0.1
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
3.0
0.0
0.9
3.9
2 to 5
4.1
0.0
1.3
5.4
6 to 9
4.8
0.0
3.8
8.6
Total
11.9
0.0
6.0
17.9
Variable value
1
115.7
_
34.7
150.4
2 to 5
25.6
_
8.1
33.7
6 to 9
7.9
_
6.2
14.1
Total
149.2
49.0
198.2
-------
POINT SOURCE SUMMARY
si?-:: MI" NGcTjuTJcT lo;]
UTfi: :33.39 E » 446.3.38 N
X
(KM)
534.30
535.00
535.00
534.40
533.00
533.70
534.00
534.20
529.50
533.40
534.60
533.30
533.60
533.50
533.80
529.40
530.00
527.90
532.50
532.50
533.50
532.70
533.00
Y
(KM)
4474.43
4473.80
4473.00
4474.10
4475.03
4474.53
4470.70
4474.20
4472.50
4465.50
4464.80
4453.90
4465.90
4465.80
4465.30
4454.90
4-455.80
4462.00
4462.60
4466.73
4463. 2D
4467.00
4477.50
«ISSION
(T/YR)
3914.00
47oc.03
415.00
1995.00
1463.00
2465.00
2 6 7 . G 0
5.00
10.OC
879.00
17.00
94.33
949.00
3039.00
645.00
149.00
38307.OC
6213.00
51.00
1963.00
2391.30
16.03
67.00
DISTANCE
SOURCE MO. s, NAME
t ? o
6.06
6.6 1
7.22
6.91
4 .56
6.74
6.16
1.32
1.16
2.79
1 .57
1.50
1.22
5.S3
5.16
3.52
0.74
2.13
0.13
2.29
b.78
OLG)
4.7
8.9
9.5
5.4
3C8.1
1 .6
4.7
4.3
336.9
0.2
40.4
161.2
4.7
2.5
12.0
205.2
204.1
255.9
223.9
344.9
150.0
349.1
358.4
1
?
J
4
5
i,
7
g
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
la
19
20
21
22
23
WLIRTC'J
,'E.IRTOM
STAMCASD
STEiL/MTION
STEiL/NATION
STEIL/iMATION
STtiL/NATION
STEEL/MATION
;LAG COMPAN
IL MILL S
IRON CTTY SAND &, GRA
KOPPiRS CO.
INTERNATIONAL MILL S
BANNER FI6ER33ARD CO
WHEELING PITTSBURGH
WHELLIN3 PITTSBURGH
WHEELING PITTSBURGH
a U C K i Y E PjiJER
CARDINAL OPER. COMP.
SATRALLOY INC.
STANDARD SLAG CO.
WHEELING-PITTSBURGH
WHtELINS-PITTSBURGH
NATIONAL STEEL/WEIRT
TITANIUM METALS
125
-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-3160-001
Location - 1004 Third Street,
Brilliant, Ohio
UTM - N-4456800 E-00531400
Monitor Height - 17 ft
Site Elevation - 700 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la. Residential
Ib. River/School
Ic. Residential/Industrial
Id. Rural/Residential
2. Residential
3. River
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
Source
(mile
4.
5.
6.
7.
Industrial
Rural
Rural
Rural
8. Rural
9. Rural
Third St.
Visible major local sources:
Source
Ohio Ferro-Alloy (closed)
Cardinal Power
Buckeye Power
Air Quality Data:
Year
1977
1978 '
Distance (feet)
175
Description
1000* ADT, Dirty w/unpaved
shoulder
Direction
225°
230°
225°
Geometric mean (ug/m3)
93
75
126
-------
268-72
1. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
2. Unpaved lot 0.08 ac.
3. Unpaved road 300 ft.
4. Cleared area 0.5 ac.
5. Unpaved road 1200 ft.
6. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
7. Cleared area 0.08 ac.
8. Unpaved lot 0.08 ac.
9. Unpaved road 700 ft.
10. Construction 0.08 ac/yr.
11. Cleared area 0.04 ac.
12. Unpaved road 400 ft.
13. Unpaved road 500 ft.
One-quarter mile radius around Brilliant, Ohio site.
127
-------
268-73
One-mile radius around Third Street, Brilliant Ohio site.
128
-------
Third St., Brilliant, Ohio site, view to Southwest.
Third St., Brilliant, Ohio site, view to Southeast.
129
-------
AREA SOURCE SUMIARY
Site: Brilliant, Ohio UTM N 4456800 E 00531400
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
Aggregate Storage
Activity
rate
491 h.u.
20,706 VMT
50.0 A
20,701 VMT
5.3 VMT
11.62 A
0.8 A
2.0 A
0.24 A
0.5 A
1
2.0
neg
neg
"
0.2
neg
neg
neg
0.2
0.1 .
T
1.2
neg
neg
Emissions by sector, ton/vr
3
-
-
T ~
0.1
neg
neg
0.2
0.1
4
0.7
neg
neg
0.1
neg
neg
0.7
5
0.2
neg
0.0
6
1
1
j
1
0.5
neg
neg
0.3
neg
0.1
! _
_
j
8
0.2
neg
neg
0.1
0.4
neg
0.1
9
neg
neg
Total
4.8
neg
neg
1
r \ - - - - -
0.0 1.3
neg
j neg
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.7
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
2.0
0.0
0.5
2.5
2 to 5
2.1
0.0
1.2
3.3
6 to 9
0.7
0.0
1.0
1.7
Total
4.8
0.0
2.7
7.5
Variable value
1
90.8
_
22.7
113.5
2 to 5
13.1
_
7.5
20.6
6 to 9
1.2
_
1.6
2.8
Total
105.1
_
31.8
136.9
-------
POINT SOURC^ SUMMARY
UTM: 531.40 c. » 4456.eo u
x
(KM)
534.00
529.50
533.40
534.60
533.30
533.60
533.50
533.80
529.30
529.40
530.00
527.90
532.50
525.40
532.50
533.50
532.70
Y
/MISSION DISTANCE
( K f ) ( T / * S ) < '-1
4470
4472
4465
4464
445h
4465
4465
4465
4445
4454
4455
4462
4462
4445
4466
4453
4467
.70
.50
.50
.60
.90
.90
.30
.3C
.00
.90
.80
.00
.60
.40
.70
.20
.00
267
10
8?9
17
94
949
3039
b45
210
149
38007
6213
51
14°3
1963
23^1
16
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.CO
.00
.00
.00
6
9
5
5
1
D
^
5
7
1
1
3
3
i
6
4
6
I)
.79
.63
.55
.35
.76
.82
.74
.49
.45
.72
.07
.b9
.67
.01
.19
.18
.39
SOURCE NO. '< NAME
10.6
12.9
21.8
42.2
13.6
13.1
15. »
190.1
226.4
234.5
326.1
10.7
207.8
6.3
18.2
7.3
3
4
5
6
7
d
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
STANDARD SLAS COMPAN
IR3N CITY SAND & 3RA
KOPPLRS CO.
INTERNATIONAL "IILL S
5ANNC° FIBER30ARO CO
UH'.ILIMG PITTSBURGH
'JHiELINS °ITT3BUR3H
'JHC^LI'NS PITTSBURGH
VHLLEY CA(-'P COAL NO.
EUCKCYE: POJER
CARDINAL OP:R. COMP.
SATRALLOY IMC.
STANDARD SLAG CO.
WHEELIN3-FITTSPURGH
WHEELING-PITTSBURGH
WHCELI*G-PITTSBURGH
NATIONAL STIiL/UEIRT
131
-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-3160-007
Location - Waterworks Building,
Tiltonsville, Ohio
UTM - N-4446267 E-00525693
Monitor Height - 18 ft
Site Elevation - 690 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la. Commercial 4.
Ib. River 5.
Ic. Residential 6.
Id. Commercial/Residential 7.
2. Industrial 8.
3. River/Industrial 9.
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
Source
Industrial
Rural
Rural
Rural
Residential/Industrial
Rural
Market St.
Grandview St.
Rte 7
Visible major point sources:
Source
Wheeling/Pittsburgh Steel
Air Quality Data:
Year
1977
1978
Distance (feet)
32
82
250
Description
1000 ADT
500 ADT
2390 ADT
Direction
200°
Geometric mean (yg/m3)
78
77
Itnile
132
-------
268-75
1. Unpaved road 100 ft. 6.
2. Cleared area 0.20 ac. 7.
3. Cleared area - piles 1.0 ac. 8.
A. Cleared area 0.08 ac. 9.
5. Cleared area 0.35 ac. 10.
Cleared area 1.0 ac.
Cleared area 1.5 ac.
Cleared area 0.16 ac.
Unpaved road 300 ft.
Cleared area 0.04 ac.
One-quarter mile radius around Tiltonsville, Ohio site.
133
-------
268-76
One-mile radius around Market Street, Tiltonsville site.
134
-------
Tiltonsville Waterworks building site, view to East.
Tiltonsville Waterworks building site, view to North.
135
-------
Site: Tiltonsville, Ohio UTM N 4446267 E 00525693
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Aggregate storage
Unpaved pkg lots
Activity
rate
785 h.u.
9,282 VMT
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
1
2.8
neg ,
neg
39.5 A
9,282 VMT
1.5 VMT
6.58 A
2.25 A
r~
0.1
neg
neg
0.1
.
2
0.9
v^K
neg
neg_
neg
neg_
3
0.0
0.0
4
0.7
neg
neg
T
5 5
i
neg
neg
1.1
neg
neg neg
.).... .
4
! O.li 0.1 0.2
' 1 1
I neg
!
i
neg
0.4
neg
neg
I
! 7
0,0
0.0
8
1.8
neg
0.4
0.2
2.8
9
0.3
neg
Total
-J-JL.
neg
neg
neg
1.1
ne_£
neg
0.1
3.2
U)
ON
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
2.8
0.0
0.2
3.0
2 to 5
1.6
0.0
0.6
2.2
6 to 9
3.2
0.0
3.6
6.8
Total
7.6
0.0
4.4
12.0
Variable value
1 ^
120.0
_
8.6
128.6
2 to 5
10.0
_
3.8
13.8
6 to 9
5.3
_
5.9
11.2
Total
135.3
_
18.3
153.6
-------
POINT SOURCE SUMMARY
525.69 : t 4116.27
533.30
523.70
524.23
525.20
529.30
523. 40
524.70
522.70
529.10
520.00
527.90
525.10
Y
(KM)
115d.90
1431.20
''Ufa. 10
"138.90
1445.00
4424.60
4439.23
4431.90
4454.90
4455.80
4462.00
4445.10
'-MISSION
(T/YK)
=4 .00
7H.OO
fc.OO
13.00
210.00
96.00
1265.00
1.00
119.00
38007.00
6213.00
1453.00
DISTANCE
(HI)
9.16
7.6C
6.37
1.J9
2.38
7.39
4 .13
9.12
5.64
6.50
9.87
0.57
A M r L
OEG
31
189
Io7
1P3
109
1 Ql
136
191
23
24
8
198
r
)
.1
.4
.8
.8
.3
.1
.0
.8
.2
.3
.0
.7
SOU
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
6
5
10
11
12
:-: MO. x NAME
3*1-1 NCR FI3LRBOARD CO
OHIO VALLLY HOSPITAL
-LAU K\OX PENINSULA
CENTRE FOUNDRY
VALLEY CAf-.P COAL NO.
VALLEY CA"P COAL NO.
UH>£LIt,'G-PITTS3URGH
TRI STATE ASPHALT
?UCKEYE POWER
CARDINAL OPER. COMP.
SATRALLOY INC.
JHELLING-PITTSBURGH
137
-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-3980-002
Location - South Fifth Street,
Martins Ferry, Ohio
UTM - N-4438221 E-00523385
Monitor Height - 30 ft on City Hall roof
Site Elevation - 700 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la. Residential/Commercial
Ib. Commercial
Ic. Residential
Id. Residential/Commercial
2. Residential/Commercial
3. Rural/Residential
4.
5.
6,
7.
8.
9,
Residential
Rural/Residential
Industrial
Rural
Residential/Rural
Rural/Residential
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
Source
Fifth Street
Walnut Street
Zane Highway
Visible major point sources:
Source
Wheeling/Pittsburgh Steel
Air Quality Data:
Year
1977
1978
Distance (feet)
47
55
192
Descritption
3220 ADT, "Clean" Street
1000* ADT, "Clean" Street
5660 ADT, "Clean" Street
Direction
055
Geometric mean (ug/m3)
73
76
138
-------
268-78
1. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
2. Cleared area 0.06 ac.
3. Unpaved road 100 ft.
4. Unpaved lot 0.08 ac.
5. Unpaved road 100 ft.
6. Unpaved lot 0.08 ac.
7. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
8. Unpaved lot 0.12 ac.
9. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
10. Cleared area 0.06 ac.
11. Cleared area 0.02 ac.
12. Cleared area 0.08 ac.
13. Unpaved lot 0.08 ac.
14. Unpaved lot 0.12 ac.
15. Construction 0.16 ac/yr,
One-quarter mile radius around Martins Ferry, Ohio site.
139
-------
« .-.0, <-- -
o
H
o
J-l
^1
0)
0)
H
S
H
cn
0)
-------
South Fifth Street, Martins Ferry, Ohio, view to East.
South Fifth Street, Martins Ferry, Ohio, view to South.
141
-------
Site: Martins Ferry, Ohio UTM N 4438221 E 00523385
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
Activity
rate
2,728 h.u.
29,140 VMT
75.5 A
29,139 VMT
0.75 VMT
0.5 A
0.16 A
0.92 A
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
I
7.1
0.1
neg_
0.3
0.1
neg
neg
0.4
0.3 ,
2
3.4
neg
neg
0.1
|_ neg
0.1
3
neg
4
7.4
0.1
neg
i
1
0.3
neg
1
0.2
neg
neg_
5
2.2
neg
6
3.8
neg
neg j neg
r
0.4
neg
n§S_
neg
7
1.3
neg
8
8.0
0.1
neg
0.5
0.5
0.3
neg
9
1.8
neg
Total
35.0
0.3
nee _
i
1 0.5
2.1
0.1
ne£ .
neg.
0.4
0.4
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
7.2
0.0
1.1
8.3
2 to 5
13.1
0.0
0.7
13.8
6 to 9
15.0
0.5
1.2
16.7
Total
35.3
0.5
3.0
38.8
Variable value
1
185.2
_
28.3
213.5
2 to 5
81.9
_ p
4.4
86.3
6 to 9
24.7
0.8
2.0
27.5
Total
291.8
0.8
34.7
327.3
-------
POINT SOURCE SUMhARY
S!TE: '~
U T (* : 523.39 E i 4438.22 'J
X
(KM)
523.70
524.30
525.20
523.33
523.40
522.50
523.10
524.70
522.70
525.40
Y
«,")
4434 .20
4436.10
4438.90
4445.00
4434.60
44">b.90
4430.03
4439.20
4431.90
4445.40
-MISSION
(T/VR)
7P.OO
6.00
13.90
21 0.00
} fc . 0 G
i H . : o
P 1 .00
1265.00
4.00
1493.00
DISTANC
("I!)
2.51
1.44
1.20
5.59
2.2C-
5.42
5.11
1.02
3.95
4.63
SOURCE. NO. i
COTS
175
156
41
179
1°,5
1C2
53
Id6
15
)
.5
.7
.1
.3
.4
.0
.4
.2
.7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
OHIO V;LL;Y HOSPITAL
=LAW KMOX PEMINSULA
C£\TRt FOUNDRY
VALLEY CA^P COAL NO.
VALLEY CAMP COAL NO*
:-_;\iwoo: LI
WHEELING -PITTSBURGH
TRI STUE ASPHALT
WHEELirj3-cITTSBURGH
143
-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-6100-001
Location - East 39fc Street,
Shadyside, Ohio
Monitor Height - 30 ft on fire station roof
Site Elevation - 690 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la. Residential/Commercial
Ib. Residential
Ic. Residential/Commercial
Id. Residential
2. Rural
3. River/Rural
4. Residential
5. Rural/Residential
6. Rural
7. Rural/Residential
8. Rural
9. Rural
0 '/« '/,
Imile
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
Source
39th Street
Central Street
Visible major point sources:
Source
(None)
Air Quality Data:
Year
1977
1978
Distance (feet)
31
104
Description
1000* ADT, Side Street
Uncurbed
12,760 ADT, Commercial
Clean
Direction
(None)
Geometric Mean (yg/m3)
92
80
144
-------
268-81
1. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
2. Unpaved road 800 ft.
3. Unpaved lot 0.08 ac.
4. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
5. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
6. Unpaved road 150 ft.
7. Unpaved road 600 ft.
8. Unpaved road 100 ft.
9. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
10. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
11. Cleared area 0.08 ac,
12. Unpaved road 200 ft.
13. Cleared area 0.04 ac.
14. Unpaved road 600 ft.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
. -^
'Unpaved
Cleared
Cleared
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Cleared
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
road
area
area
lot
lot
lot
lot
road
lot
road
area
road
lot
road
lot
,
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
0.06
0.04
.04
.04
.02
.04
200
.12
400
0.16
400
.08
300
.08
ft.
ac
ac
ac.
ac.
ac.
ac.
ft.
ac.
ft.
ac
ft.
ac.
ft.
ac.
One-quarter mile radius around Shadyside, Ohio site.
145
-------
q,
AC
6£
£$7 l'<\".£':
"/^ / ! ' 'IK-:
/ f i I i , r i I i '
-------
East 39 Street, Shadyside, Ohio, view to East.
East 39fc Street, Shadyside, Ohio, view to North.
147
-------
AREA iOURCE SUMMARY
Site: Shadyside, Ohio UTM N 4424385 E 00521461
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
INTD PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
Activity
rate
1,875 h.u.
17,196 VMT
52.6 A
17,196 VMT
25.7 VMT
0.62 A
0.7 A
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
1
6.7
0.1
neg
0.1
neg
neg
_ ne_^
0.3 .
<-»
Z.
2.1
neg
neg
0.1
neg_
neg
3
0.1
4
5.7
0.1
neg
0.1
neg
neg
5
2.8
neg
_
6
1.2
ne%
neg
0.4
neg
7
1.5
neg
0.3
8
2.8
neg
neg
0.3
neg
9
1.4
neg
_
nee
Ic.al
24.2
0.2
neg
1.4
.ne_g__
neg_
neg^
0.3 .
.(S
oo
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
6.8
0.0
0.4
7.2
2 to 5
10.7
0.0
0.3
11.0
6 to 9
6.9
0.0
1.0
7.9
Total
24.4
0.0
1.7
26.1
Variable value
1
174.9
_
10.3
185.2
2 to 5
66.9
_
1.9
68.8
6 to 9
11.3
1.6
12.9
Total
253.1
13.8
266.9
-------
POINT SOURCt SUMMARY
UTK: 521.46 z » 4424.39 \
X
(KM)
523.70
524.30
525.20
523.to
515.50
522.50
516.70
520.90
523.10
522.30
521.00
521.70
522.70
520.50
Y
(KM)
4434 .20
4436.10
4438.90
4434.60
4410.50
442&.90
4417.00
4420.30
4430.00
4419.40
4417.20
4439.20
4431.90
4417.50
r-MISCIO\ 3ISTAUCE
(T/yf<>
76.00
6.30
13.00
S6.00
13H40 .90
1 8 . 3 G
313.00
50.00
21.00
7.00
23.00
1 2 6 5 . 0 G
4.03
23125.00
(MI)
£.25
7.49
9.31
6.46
9. 39
2 . o 8
5.46
2.56
3.63
3.1"
4.49
9.42
4.73
4.32
AMGLl
C)IG)
12.9
13.6
14.4
10.7
203.2
13.0
212.8
1*7, &
16.3
170.5
183.7
12.3
9.4
187.9
SOU
1
2
T
4
<:,
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
SOURCE NO. f, MAKE
nHIO ViLLEY HOSPITAL
SLAW KKOX PENINSULA
CiNTRt FCUN3"Y
VALLEY CAMP COAL NO.
KAMMPR POWER STATION
JHCELINS-^ITTSailRGH
ALLIED CHtMICAL-SOUT
TRIANGLE P.J.C. INC.
BEnUDOD LIMESTONE
FOSTORIA GLASS
TRI-STATE ASPHALT
WHEELIM3-PITTSBUR3H
TRI STATE ASPHALT
OHIO E^ISON/R.E.BURG
149
-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-0540-002
Location - Second Street,
Powhatan Point, Ohio
UTM - N-4411916 E-00516535
Monitor Height - 20 ft on Elementary school roof
Site Elevation - 640 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la. Commercial/Residential
Ib. Commercial
Ic. Commercial/Industrial
Id. Commercial
2. Residential
3. River/Rural
Imile
4. Slag Dump
5. Residential
6. Residential
7. Rural
8. Industrial/Residential
9. Rural
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
Source
Second Street
Rte 7
Visible major point sources:
Source
Kammer Power
Mountineer Carbon
Mitchell Power
Air Quality Data:
Year
1977
1978
Distance (feet)
83
200
Description
1000* ADT, Dirty, Uncurbed
5880 ADT
Direction
215
205
185
Geometric mean (yg/m3)
100
97
150
-------
268-84
1. Cleared area 0.04 ac.
2. Unpaved road 150 ft.
3. Cleared area 1.5 ac.
4. Sand piles 0.16 ac.
5. Cleared area 1.5 ac.
6. Unpaved road 700 ft.
7. Cleared area 2.5 ac.
8. Cleared area 0.32 ac.
9. Unpaved road 100 ft.
10. Unpaved road 250 ft.
11. Unpaved lot 0.02 ac.
12. Cleared area 0.04 ac.
13. Unpaved lot 0.02 ac.
One-quarter mile radius around Powhatan Point, Ohio site.
151
-------
Island
Mine
"*"*«*&'.. '...'
'" ~~ ~~ ~ <
/ -" - ,
Vx
\ \
\ V
646 / \ - ^"
,f^;~*« .*. \ -if
/ '"""""'- -.-
/ 2 ;--;
/ .'
' ;/
I ,-"" >^
>s
-. ' '-'.*?
t-&^ /
o <^ "T- -^
* i .* »
* * ° ,* *
. .*
Light /;
6';"
^J1-.
|^ &«
%£
i "
L C
268-85
152
-------
Second Street, Powhatan Point site, view to West
Second Street, Powhatan Point site, view to South.
153
-------
Powhattan Point,, Ohio UTM N 44119:16 E 00516536
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/lnd fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
INI) PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Aggregate storage
Unpaved pkg lots
Ac ti'/i ty
rate
567 h.u.
emissions by sector, ton/yr
1
1.1
neg
i
2
1.3
neg
14,791 VMT neg j neg
1
56.0
14,787 VMT
4.54 Com VMT
15.4 A
1.0 A
2.16 A
0.04 A
0.1
0.1
neg
0.1
0.2
neg .
0.1
neg
3
4
0.2
neg
neg
0.2
" ' '
__.
5
1.3
neg
6 ! 7
1.9
neg
i
neg neg
- - |~
1
i
0.2
neg
0.1
2.5
1.4
"
0.1 0.2
neg j neg
'
neg ,
1
0.1
neg
8
1.3
neg
}
i neg
.. _ _j. -
___)
0.1 0.4
neg
neg
1.4
9
0.4
neg
Total
7.6
neg
neg neg
i
1 "
1
t
0.2 j 1.6
neg
0.1
neg
0.2
2.5
3.0
neg
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
1.1
0.0
0.5
1.6
2 to 5
2.8
0.0
l 4.6
7.4
6 to 9
3.7
0.0
2.3
6.0
Total
7.6
0.0
7.4
1 s.n
Variable value
1
42.4
19.3
fil 7
2 to 5
17.5
_
28.8
/,6 -3
6 to 9
6.1
3.8
Q O
Total
66.0
51.9
11-7 Q
-------
POINT SOURCE: SUMMARY
UTM:
X
(KM)
515. bO
515.70
516.70
514.70
512.20
515.50
520.90
515.70
522.30
515.30
521 .00
520.50
514.70
515.00
511.50
Y
«!>,)
4*10.50
4406.70
4417.00
4337.20
4400.23
4403.50
4420.30
4408.60
4419.40
4405.30
4417.20
4417.50
4405.40
4396.50
4397.50
EMISSION
(T/YR)
13840.00
12834.00
313.00
/ 1 . 0 0
297.00
34.00
50.00
1^9.00
7.00
2£.00
23.00
23125.00
54.00
556.00
44.00
DISTANCE
(MI)
1.09
2.06
3.16
3.21
7.76
1.63
5.87
2.12
5.87
4.18
4.30
4.26
4.21
9.63
9.49
ANGLE
O':G>
216.2
194.6
1.8
1 k 1 . 1
250.3
2^3.2
27.5
194.2
37.6
150.6
40.2
35.4
195.7
185.7
199.3
SOURC
1
2
3
4
5
b
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
i NO. * NA^i
KAMKER POWER STATION
MITCHELL POUER PLANT
ALLIED CHEMICAL-SOOT
MO? AY CHEMICAL CORP.
PPG INDUSTRIES
MOUNTAINEt" C4REON C
TRIANGLE P.U.C. INC.
H.B. RLE:D co.
FOSTORIA GLASS
CITES SERVICE CO.
TRI-STATE ASPHALT
OHIO EDISOK/R.E.SURG
OHIO FERRO ALLOYS
CONSOLIDATED ALUMINU
5UARTO MINING CO.
155
-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-4460-001
Location - State Rd No. 7,
Clarington, Ohio
UTM - N4401654 E-00511674
Monitor Height - 20 ft
Site Elevation - 640 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la. Industrial
Ib. Industrial/River
Ic. Residential
Id. Rural
2. Commercial/Residential
3. Industrial
I mile
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Residential
Rural
Residential
Residential
Rural/Residential
Rural
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
Source
Rt. 7
Rt. 556
Visible major point sources:
Source
PPG Industries
Ohio Ferro-Alloy
Mitchell Power
Air Quality Data:
Year
1977
1978
Distance (feet)
90
77
Description
3880 Dirty, unpaved shoulders
520 Dirty, unpaved shoulders
Direction
145
045
360
Geometric mean (yg/m3)
86
83
156
-------
268-87
1. Unpaved road 200 ft.
2. Cleared area 0.2 ac.
3. Unpaved road 300 ft.
4. Cleared area 0.12 ac.
One-quarter mile radius around Clarington, Ohio site.
157
-------
268-88
One
-mile radius around State Rt. No. 7, Clarington site.
158
-------
State Route No. 7, Clarington site, view to North.
State Route No. 7, Clarington site, view to South.
159
-------
AREA SOURCE SUMMARY
Site: Clarington, Ohio UTM N 4401654 E 00511077
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
Activity
rate
292 h.u.
9,225 VMT
42.9 A
9,225 VMT
1.89 VMT
5.32 A
1
0.3
neg
0.2
neg
neg
neg
.
2
0.1
neg
0.1
neg
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
3
0.1
0.1
4
0.4
neg
0.1
neg
5
neg
6
0.5
neg
0.4
neg
0.1
7
0.2
0.2
8
0.1
neg
0.1
neg
9
neg
Total
1.7
neg
1.2
neg
neg
0.1
OS
o
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.5
2 to 5
0.6
0.0
0.3
0.9
6 to 9
0.8
0.0
0.8
1.6
Total
1.7
0.0
1.3
3.0
Variable value
1
11.6
7.8
19.4
2 to 5
3.7
_
1.9
5.6
6 to 9
1.3
_
1.3
2.6
Total
16.6
_
11.0
27.6
-------
POINT SOURCE SUMMARY
U T y: 511.08 £ , 4401.65 f»
515.5Q
515.70
514.70
512.20
515.50
515.70
515.JO
514.70
515.00
515.00
511.50
( K")
4410 .50
4408.70
4397.20
4400.20
4409 .50
440S.60
4405.30
4405.40
4395.00
4396.50
4 3 9 7 ."5 0
(T/YK)
13840.00
12834.00
91.00
297.00
^4.00
1 3 9 . J 0
2ft. 00
5^.00
1S55.00
556.00
44.00
IISTA
(MI
6.
5.
3.
1.
3.
3.
4.
4
N:L
)
15
24
57
14
60
47
24
sO
02
AN'L
Cc G
?6
33
140
142
33
49
44
149
142
174
S?URC£ ;N/0. S NAME
)
.6
.3
.9
.6
. 2
.0
.5
.7
.2
1 K4MMCR POWER STATION
2 MITCHELL = OU£R PLANT
3 «OP \Y CHEMICAL COR=.
4 DPC INDUSTRIiS
5 "OUNTl INFFS C4RBOIJ C
7 CITES SERVICE CO.
S OHIO FERRO ALLOYS
9 OR'-'FT COP=.
1C CONSOLIDATED ALUMINU
11 QUARTO MINING CO.
161
-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 36-4460-002
Location - High School,
Hannibal, Ohio
UTM - N-4391423 E-00511077
Monitor Height - 20 ft
Site Elevation - 700 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la. Residential 4.
Ib. Residential 5.
Ic. Residential 6.
Id. Rural 7.
2. River 8.
3. Residential/River 9.
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
Source
I I
0 'A V,
Residential
Rural
Residential/Commercial
Residential
Residential
Rural
High School Hill Rd.
Visible major point sources:
Source
Canalco Aluminum
Ormet Corp.
PPG
Air Quality Data:
Year
1977
1978
Distance (feet)
100
Description
*200 ADT
Direction
360°
050°
360°
Geometric mean (yg/m^)
54
61
Imile
162
-------
268-90
1. Cleared area 0.12 ac.
2. Cleared area 0.20 ac.
3. Unpaved road 200 ft.
4. Unpaved lot 0.16 ac.
5. Cleared area 1.0 ac.
6. Construction 0.25 ac.
7. Cleared area 0.75 ac.
8. Construction 0.12 ac.
One-quarter mile radius around Hannibal, Ohio site.
163
-------
4^Mi - *- 'b*-^^
? ''
v A^CCel'//?^
268-91
Mile radius around High School Hill Rd., Hannibal site.
164
-------
Hannibal High School site, view to East.
Hannibal High School site, view to West,
165
-------
Site: Hannibal, Ohio UTM N 4391423 E 00511077
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Cornir/lnd fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
Activity
rate
455 h.u.
20,000 VMT
FUGITIVE Dl'SI : i
Railroad vards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Aggregate storage
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
22.7 A
20,000 VMT
0.75 VMT
2.57 A
0.75 A
1.0 A
0.16 A
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
1
0.3
2
neg J neg
n§£
neg
neg
0.9
0.1 ,
0.1 _j
neg _j
neg
1.4
3
0.2
>
0.3
neg
5 | 6 I 7
neg
}
1.1
(
1
neg
\~ -L
T
1
1 1
0.1
" "
. n_e_g_^_
j
neg
1.0
I 0.2
j neg
i
i
i . -
0.3
neg
8
0.3
0.3
. neg
9
neg
To c s.1
2.5
neg
Q.7.
neg
neg
0.1
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
0.3
0.0
1.0
1.3
2 to 5
0.5
0.0
2.6
3.1
6 to 9
1.7
0.0
0.5
2.2
Total
2.5
0.0
4.1
6.6
Variable value
1
11.6
_
38.6
50.2
2 to 5
3.1
_
16.3
19.4
6 to 9
2.8
0.8
3.6
Total
17.5
-
55.7
73.2
-------
POINT SOURCE SUMMARY
U T i': 511.67 L » 4391.42 ,\'
(KM)
514.70
512.2C
515.30
514.70
515.00
515.00
511.50
-MISSION OISTANCE.
4397.20
4400.20
4405.30
4405.40
439^,.00
439S.50
4397.50
(T/Y-U
=11.00
297.00
54.00
55fa .OC
44.00
(II)
4 .05
5.46
8.91
8.69
3.04
3.77
3.7g
AMSLt. SOJP.Cc. NO.
?7.6
3.4
14 .6
12.2
42.5
T3.2
3 r H . 4
CHEMICAL CORP.
P&S INDUSTRIES
CIT;S SERVICE co.
OHIO FF.RRO ALLOYS
OR'lLT COR?.
CONSOLIDATED ALUMNU
5U4RTO MININ3 CO.
167
-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 50-1240-001
Location - 7th and Tomlinson Ave,
Moundsville, West Virginia
UTM - N-4418500 E-00521850
Monitor Height - 25 ft on grade school roof
Site Elevation - 690 ft MSL
Imile
Land Use by Sector:
la. Commercial/Residential
Ib. Residential/Prison
Ic. Residential/Commercial
Id. Commercial/Residential
2. Residential
3. Residential
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
Source
4. Commercial
5. Commercial/Residential
6. Residential
7. Rural/Prison Farms
8. Industrial/River
9. Rural/Mine/Tipples
Tomlinson Street
Seventh Street
Visible major point sources:
Source
Mine, Tipples
Ohio Edison, Burger Plant
Air Quality Data:
Year
1977
1978
Distance (feet)
136
152
Description
2000* ADT, Dirty but Curbed
5398 ADT, Dirty but Curbed
Direction
310°
235°
Geometric mean (yg/m3)
76
114
168
-------
268-93
1. Construction 0.04 ac/yr.
2. Unpaved lot 0.08 ac.
3. Unpaved road 100 ft.
4. Unpaved road 200 ft.
5. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
6. Unpaved lot 0.16 ac.
7. Cleared area 0.16 ac.
8. Cleared area 0.04 ac.
9. Cleared area 0.12 ac.
One-quarter mile radius around Moundsville, West Virginia site.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Cleared
Cleared
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
area 0.04 ac.
area 0.08 ac.
road 300 ft.
lot 0.04 ac.
road 300 ft.
road 300 ft.
road 200 ft.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.24 ac.
169
-------
268-94
One-mile radius around Seventh and Tomlinson Avenue site,
Moundsville, West Virginia.
170
-------
Moundsville grade school site, view to East,
Moundsville grade school site, view to South.
171
-------
AREA SOURCE SUMMARY
Site: Moundsville, West Virginia UTM N 4418500 E 00521850
Source Categorv
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comra/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Aggregate storage
Unpaved pkg lots
Activity
rate
1,967 h.u.
8,056 VMT
53.3 A
8,056 VMT
8.7 VMT
5.28 A
0.04 A
0.5 A
6.96 A
1
2.3
1.6
neg
11.0
neg
neg
neg
0.1
0.3 .
2
2.1
1.4
1.4
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
3
0.9
0.7
neg
0.1
neg
neg
neg
4
0.3
0.2
0.3
neg
5
0.3
0.2
0.2
neg
neg
6
2.1
1.4
21.5
0.5
7
0.2
0.1
neg
0.2
neg
neg
0.4
0.9
8
0.2
0.1
0.4
neg
9
0.2
0.1
neg
20.0
0.5
neg
neg
0.4
Total
8.6
5.8
neg
52.5
1.7
neg
neg
neg
0.1
0.8
3.1
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
3.9
11.0
0.4
15.3
2 to 5
6.1
0.0
2.0
8.1
6 to 9
4.4
41.5
3.3
49.2
Total
14.4
52.5
5.7
72.6
Variable value
1
120.4
339.5
12.3
472.2
2 to 5
38.1
_
12.5
50.6
6 to 9
7.2
68.2
5.4
80.8
Total
165.7
407.7
30.2
603.6
-------
POINT SOUR
SITE:
E SUMMARY
UT-
i t 4416.50 M
X
(KM)
523.70
515.50
515.70
522.50
516.70
515.50
520.90
523.10
515.70
522.30
515.30
521.00
522.70
520.50
514.70
Y
< K K )
4434.20
4410.50
4438.70
4428.90
4417.00
4409.50
4420.30
4430 .00
4408.60
4419.40
4405.30
4417.20
4431.90
441-7.50
4405.40
[.MISSION
(T/YR)
76. OC
13840.00
12d34.CO
lo.OO
313.00
=14.00
50.00
21.00
189.00
7.00
28.00
23.00
4.00
23125.00
54.00
DISTANCE
(MI)
9.82
6.35
7.19
fr .47
3.33
6.84
1.27
7.19
7.24
0.62
9.16
0.97
b.34
1.04
9.27
ANGLE"
Oc 3)
6.7
218.4
212.1
3.6
2 = 3.8
215.2
332.2
6.2
211.9
26.6
206.4
213.2
3.6
233.5
2C8 .6
SOURC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
e
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1 NO. t NAME
OHIO V;LLEY HOSPITAL
KfeMMtR POWER STATION
"ITCHELL POWER PLANT
WHFELIMG-eiTTSBURGH
ALLIED CHEHIC4L-SOUT
MOUNTAINEER CARBON C
TRIANGLE P.W.C. INC.
'iEN'./Oin LIMiSTONc.
H.1^. REED CO.
FOSTORIA GLASS
CITES SERVICE CO.
TRI-ST6TE ASPHALT
TRI STATE ASPHALT
OHIO EOISCN/R.E.SURG
OKIO PERRO ALLOYS
173
-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 50-2040-003
Location - Route No. 2,
Wellsburg, West Virginia
UTM - N-4460000 E-00533215
Monitor Height - 20 ft
Site Elevation - 680 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la. Rural/Residential
Ib. Residential/Commercial
Ic. Residential/Industrial
Id. River
2. Rural/Residential
3. Residential/Commercial
4. Industrial/River
5. Industrial/River
6. Rural
7. Rural/Residential
8. Industrial/Commercial
9. Industrial/Residential
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
Source
Route No. 2
Visible major point sources:
Source
Banner Fibre Board
Ohio Power - Tidd Station (closed)
Air Quality Data:
Year
1977
1978
Distance (feet)
162
Imile
Description
11,752 ADT, Unpaved Shoulders
Direction
180°
215°
Geometric mean (yig/m3)
91
82
174
-------
1. Cleared area (gravel piles)
0.28 ac.
2. Cleared area 0.12 ac.
3. Cleared area and coal and
sand storage 1.0 ac.
4. Unpaved lot 0.16 ac.
5. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
6. Cleared area 0.08 ac.
7. Construction 0.12 ac/yr.
8. Unpaved lot 0.12 ac.
9. Unpaved lot 0.16 ac.
10. Unpaved lot 0.06 ac.
11. Unpaved road 200 ft.
12. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
13. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
14. Unpaved road 100 ft.
15. Construction 0.12 ac/yr,
16. Unpaved lot 0.08 ac.
17. Unpaved road 100 ft.
18. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
19. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
20. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
21. Cleared area 0.6 ac.
22. Unpaved lot 0.04 ac.
23. Unpaved road 200 ft.
One-quarter mile radius around Wellsburg, West Virginia site.
175
-------
-SM','N;E:S
.
-------
Wellsburg highway department garage site, view to East
Wellsburg highway department garage site, view to North.
177
-------
AREA SOURCE SUMMARY
Site: Wellsburg, West Virginia UTM N 4460000 E 00533215
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Conim/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
1KB PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad vards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
Activity
rate
945 h.u.
125.1 A
6.06 VMT
2.08 A
0.24 A
0.86 A
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
1
1.2
0.7
0.2
neg
neg
0.6
0.4
2
0.5
0.4
0.1
3
1.1
0.5
neg
4
2.0
1.1
0.2
5
0.7
6
0.4
0.2
0.3
7
1.4
0.7
0.2
8
1.4
0.7
0.7
9
1.2
0.7
1.4
Total
9.2
5.0
3.8
neg
neg
0.6
0.4
--J
00
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
1.9
0.0
1.2
3.1
2 to 5
5.6
0.0
1.0
6.6
6 to 9
6.7
0.0
2.6
9.3
Total
14.2
0.0
4.8
19.0
Variable value
1
73.3
46.3
119.6
2 to 5
35.0
_
6.2
41.2
6 to 9
11.0
_
4.3
15.3
Total
119.3
_
56.8
176.1
-------
POINT SOURCE SUMMARY
LIT'*: 533.22 El » 4460.00 N
X
(KM)
534.30
535.00
535.00
534.40
533.00
533.70
534.00
534.20
529.50
533.40
534.60
533.3C
533.60
533.50
533.80
529.30
529.40
530.00
527.90
532.50
532.50
533.50
532.70
Y
(KM)
4474.40
4473.80
4473.00
4474.10
4475.00
4474.50
4470.70
4474.20
4472.50
4465.50
4464.80
4458.90
4465.90
4465.80
4465.30
4445.00
4454.90
4455.80
4462.00
4462.60
4466.70
4463.20
4467.00
-MISSION
( T/VR)
3914.00
4786.00
415.00
1995.00
1463.00
2465.00
267.30
5.00
10.00
879.00
17.00
94.00
9*9.00
3039.00
645.00
210.00
149.00
38007.00
6213.00
51.00
1963.00
2391.00
16.00
DISTANCE
(Ml )
8.97
8.65
8.15
8.79
9.32
9.02
6.67
8.84
8.10
3.42
3.10
0.6°
3.67
3.61
3.31
9.63
3.96
3.29
3.53
1.68
4.15
2.00
4.36
AMOLt
O;G>
4.3
7.4
7.8
4.8
359.2
1 .9
4.2
4.0
343.4
1.9
16.1
175.6
3.7
2.8
6.3
194.6
216.8
217.4
2^0.6
344.6
353.9
5.1
355.8
SOURC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
E NO. 1 NAf»E
W£IRTOM STEEL/NATION
WEIFlTON STEEL/NATION
.JEIRTON STEEL/NATION
«'EIRTON STEEL/NATION
JtlRTON STEEL/NATION
WEIRTO"J STEEL/.'JATION
STANDARD SLA3 COPIPAN
INTERNATIONAL MILL S
IRON CITY SA'MO & GRA
KOPPERS CO.
INTERNATIONAL MILL S
BANNER FIEER30ARD CO
WHcELINS PITTSBURGH
WHEELING PITTSBURGH
VJHE1ELIN& PITTSBURGH
VALLEY CAMP COAL NO.
BUCKEYE POWER
CARDINAL OPER. COUP.
SATRALLOY INC.
ST0NOARQ SLA3 CO.
-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 50-0500-004
Location - Main Street,
Follansbee, West Virginia
UTM - N-4465120 E-00534380
Monitor Height - 50 ft
Site Elevation - 740 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la. Rural
Ib. Residential
Ic. Residential/Industrial
Id. Rural/Industrial
2. Rural
3. Rural/Commercial
o V4
4. Commercial/Industrial
5. Industrial
6. Rural/Residential
7. Rural/Residential
Industrial
8.
9.
Industrial
Localized sources witnin 200 ft of monitor:
Source
Main St.
Visible major point sources:
Source
Wheeling/Pittsburgh Steel
Koppers Co.
Air Quality Data:
Year
1977
1978
Distance (feet)
235
Description
14,003 ADT
Direction
300°
290°
Geometric mean (ug/m3)
107
95
Imile
180
-------
268-99
1. Cleared area 0.5 ac.
2. Unpaved lot 0.12 ac.
3. Cleared area 0.25 ac.
4. Cleared area 0.04 ac.
5. Cleared area 2.0 ac.
6. Unpaved lot 1.25 ac.
7. Unpaved road 600 ft.
8. Cleared area 0.16 ac.
9. Cleared area 4 ac.
10. Coal piles 0.12 ac.
11. Unpaved road 600 ft.
12. Cleared area 0.25 ac.
13. Unpaved road 100 ft.
14. Cleared area 0.5 ac.
One-quarter mile radius around Follansbee, West Virginia site.
181
-------
'vv^iV-''.'*' " "'t^f>^''~
" '
268-100
One-mile radius around Main Street, Follansbee site.
182
-------
Follansbee middle school site, view to West.
Follansbee middle school site, view to South.
183
-------
AREA SOURCE
Site: Follansbee, West Virginia UTM N 4465120 E 00534380
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad yards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Construction
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
Activitv
rate
1,285 h.u.
4,822 VMT
76.3 A
4,822 VMT
4.92 VMT
31.9 A
1.0 A
1.0 A
2.37 A
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
1
2.7
1.4
neg
0.1
neg
neg
0.2
0.6 .
2
0.4
0.2
neg
neg
3
3.0
1.6
neg
neg
2.5
4
1.6
0.9
neg
0.3
neg
0.2
0.1
5
0.2
neg
0.3
0.2
6
1.1
0.5
7
3.0
1.6
neg
neg
8
1.1
0.5
neg
0.9
neg
9
neg
neg
0.7
0.1
0.5
To:al
13.1
6.7
neg
_ 2,3. ..
neg
neg
0.7
2.5
0.1
1.1
00
-p-
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
4.1
0.0
0.9
5.0
2 to 5
7.9
0.0
3.6
11.5
6 to 9
7.8
0.0
2.2
10.0
Total
19.8
0.0
6.7
26.5
Variable value
1
63.3
_
13.9
77.2
2 to 5
49.4
_
22.5
71.9
6 to 9
12.8
_
3.6
16.4
Total
125.5
40.0
165.5
-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 502000003F02
Location - Fire Station, Weirton, W.V.
UTM - N-4472080 E-0534900
Monitor Height - 45 ft AGL
Site Elevation - 670 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la. Industrial
Ib. Industrial
Ic. Industrial/Residential
Id. Residential/Industrial
2. Industrial/Rural
3. Rural
4. Residential
5. Rural/Residential
6. Rural/Residential
7. Rural
8. Rural/Industrial
9. Rural/Residential
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
Source
Parking Lot
Visible major point sources:
Source
Weirton Steel
Air Quality Data:
Year
1977
1978
Distance (feet)
Adjacent
Description
Paved
Direction
327° - 006°
Geometric Mean (yg/m3)
94
96
185
-------
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Railroad yard 10.25A 8.
Cleared area 2.3A 9.
Cleared area l.OA 10.
Cleared area (baseball diamond) 0.7A 11.
150 ft 12.
100 ft 13.
0.2A
Unpaved road
Unpaved road
Cleared area
Cleared area 0.3A
Unpaved lot 1.3A
Cleared area 0.2A
Unpaved lot 0.6A
Unpaved lot 0.6A
Unpaved lot 0.05A
One-quarter mile radius around the toeirton, West Virginia, site.
186
-------
POINT SOURC.~. SUMMARY
UT'": 534.38 1 t 4465.12 \i
X
(KM)
534.30
535.00
535.00
534.40
533.00
533.70
534.00
534.20
529.50
533.40
534.60
533.30
533.60
533.50
533.80
529.40
530.00
533.30
527.90
532.50
532.50
533.50
533.70
532.70
533.00
Y
(KF>
4474.40
4473.83
4473.00
4474 .10
4475.00
4474.50
4470.70
4474 .20
4472.50
4465.50
4464.80
4458.90
4465.90
4465.80
4465.30
4454.90
4455.80
4480.70
4462. OC
4462 .60
4466.70
4463.20
4480.00
4467.00
4477.50
^MISSION
( T/YR)
3914.00
476o.OO
415.00
199b.OO
1463.00
245b.OO
267.00
5.00
10.00
b79.00
17. OC
94.00
949.00
3039.00
645.00
149.00
38007.00
42.00
6213.00
51.00
1963.00
2391.00
1451.00
16.00
S7.00
DISTANCE
(MI)
5.77
5.41
4.91
b.58
5.23
5.84
3.47
5.64
5.50
0.65
0.24
3.92
0.68
0.69
0.38
7.07
6.40
9.70
4.47
1.95
1.53
1.31
9.2fe
1.57
7.74
A..GL;
O -. 3 )
3C9.5
4.1
4.5
0.1
352.0
355.9
356.1
358.9
326.5
291.1
145.5
189.8
314.9
307.7
287.2
206.0
205.2
356.0
244.3
216.7
310.0
204.6
357.4
318.2
353.6
SOURC
1
2
3
4
c,
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
; MO. & NAME
HE.IRTO". STE.EL/UATION
WLIKT3N STE£L/NATION
WTIRTO'-j STEEL/NATION
IEIRJOU STE-:L/NATION
lEIiUQN: STEEL/NATION
'JEIRTT! STEEL/NATION
STANDARD SLAS COMPAN
INTERNATIONAL MILL S
IRON CITY SAND 8 GRA
KOPPERS CO.
INTERNATIONAL MILL S
BANNER FI8ER90ARO CO
WHEELING PITTSBURGH
WHEELING PITTSBURGH
WHTELINS PITTSBURGH
PUCKEYE POWER
CARDINAL OPER. COMP.
KAUL CLAY CO.
SATRALLOY INC.
STANDARD SLAS CO.
WHEELIN3-PITTSBURGH
'v'MLELI^G-DITTS3URGH
TORONTO PAP'RBOARD C
NATIONAL STEEL/WEIRT
TITANIUM «ETALS
187
-------
A5.f.- SOURCE 5'JMy.A?'."
Site: Weirton, West Virginia UTM N 4472080 E
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comra/Ind fuel
Activitv
rate
1,500 h.u.
,
1.0
| 0.8
Incinerators j
Auto exhaust ] 22,728 VMT
IND PROCESSES: j
»
Ir.u processes ;
. ._ ^ _ . _ .__ . _ j. _ .... _|
oo FUGITIVE DUST:
oo -- -- - - 1
Paved streer'-
75,R. A
22,728 VM-.
.__ _. _ . ^.. -,
Unoaved ro.ids i I.J VWI
neg
! *)
neg
neg
Cleared areas | 14.12 A 0.1
""" " " " . I
Const i uj tior. i
Aggregate storage
Unpaved pkg lots
1.0 A
1
3.4 A j 1.2 ,
0053490C
Emissions by sector,
0.5
, 0.5
f
3 \ 4
1
!
t
neg I 1.5
1
neg 1 1.5
i
l
5
1.2
1.2
! 6
j
ton/yr
'
8
t
l.C
o.s
neg neg j
I !
i \ \
r ~T ~ ^^
i
o,: 1 0.3 0.2
neg
1
j
i 0.1
r -^ i
L 0,2
!
I
r
neg
0.2
0.3
4.3
0.3 4.0
neg
9
0.8
0.7
i ne-g
Total
10.6
9.8
neg
I !
!
1
0.?
0.2
neg
i
1
i
j j
0.5 0.3
j neg
neg
i neg,
0 . 1 rieg
i
0.3
1. 4
! i 1.6
. -i- - i --- -
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
1.8
0.0
1.6
J3.4
2 to 5
6.4
0.0
1.2
7.6
6 to 9
12.2
0.0
2.7
14.9
Total
20.4
0.0
5.5
25.9
Variable value
1
30.9
_
27.4
58.3
2 to 5
40.0
_
7.5
47.5
6 to 9
20.1
_
4.4
24.5
Total
91.0
-
39.3
130.3
-------
POINT SOURCt. SUMMARY
534.90 L i 1-472.08 'M
X
(KM)
534.30
535.00
535.00
534.40
533.00
533.70
534.00
534.20
529.50
533.40
534.60
533.30
533.60
533.50
533.80
533.30
531.10
527.90
533.50
532.50
532.50
533.50
533.70
532.70
533.00
Y
(KM)
4474.40
4472.80
4473.00
4474.10
4475.00
4474.50
4470.70
4474.20
4472.50
4465.50
4464.80
4458.90
4465.90
4465.80
4465.30
4480.70
4486.70
4462 .00
4481.50
4462.60
4466.70
4463.20
4480 .00
4467.00
4477.50
.MISSION
(T/YR)
3914.00
47^8.00
415.30
19^5.00
1H63.UO
2465.00
267.00
5.00
10.00
879.00
17.00
94.00
949.00
3039.00
&<-5.00
42.00
55191 .00
6213.00
5135. CO
51.00
1963.00
2351.00
1451.00
16.00
67.00
JliTANCE
(MI)
1.49
1.C7
0.58
1.30
2.17
1.68
1.02
1.39
3.37
4.19
4.53
8.25
3.92
4.00
4.27
5.45
9.39
7.62
5.92
6.07
3.66
5.59
4. 33
3.44
3.57
ANlGLE SOURCI fiO. x. NAME
OL3)
345.5 1 UEIRTON STEEL/NATION
3.3 2 WiIRTON STEEL/NATION
6.2 3 WEIRTON STEEL/NATION
346.1 4 .'LIRTOt" STEEL/NATION
327.0 5 *LlRTOM STEEL/NATION
333.6 6 ilEIRTON STEEL/NATION
213.1 7 STANDARD SLAS COMPAN
341.7 8 INTERNATIONAL MILL S
274.5 9 IRON CITY SAND 8, GRA
152.6 10 KOPPERS CO.
182.4 11 INTERNATIONAL MILL S
186.9 12 BANNER FIBER30ARD CO
191.9 13 WHtELIMS PITTSBURGH
192.6 14 WHEELING PITTSBURGH
189.2 15 WHEELING PITTSBURGH
349.5 16 K1UL CLAY CO.
345.4 17 OHIO EQISON CO./SAMM
214.8 18 3ATRALLOY INC.
351.5 19 OHIO EDISON CO./TORO
194.2 20 STANDARD SLAS CO.
204.0 21 WHEELING-PITTSBURGH
189.0 22 WHEELING-PITTSBURGH
351.4 23 TOROhTO PAPER30ARQ C
203.4 24 NATIONAL STEEL/WEIRT
3'0.7 25 TITANIUM METALS
189
-------
DESCRITPION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 50-0620-006
Location - County Court House,
New Cumberland, West Virginia
Monitor Height - 55 ft.
Site Elevation - 720 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la. Rural
Ib. Residential
Ic. Commercial
Id. Residential
2. Rural
3. Rural/Residential
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Commercial
River
Rural/Residential
Rural
Industrial
Rural
o '/ '/2
(mile
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
Source
Road
Visible major point sources:
Source
Ohio Edison, Toronto
.Kaul Clay Co.
Toronto Paperboard
Air Quality Data:
Year
1977
1978
Distance (feet)
52
Description
10,828 ADT, Clean, Curbed
Direction
165°
175°
185°
Geometric mean (yg/m3)
72
78
190
-------
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Unpaved
Unpaved
Cleared
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
lot 0.08 ac.
road 1300 ft.
area 0.08 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.12 ac.
lot 0.12 ac.
road 500 ft.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Unpaved
Cleared
Unpaved
Unpaved
Cleared
Cleared
268-102
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
area 0.12 ac.
lot 0.04 ac.
road 1200 ft.
area 0.16 ac.
area 0.12 ac.
One-quarter mile radius around New Cumberland, West Virginia site.
191
-------
J I
I'
//
v3"i'£3\
V
1-
"/
/'
'' 1
/ l
\
>/\ .^
t<
* i)
*
'
') v'.'Vl -,'*
/" ,^^r -'
/ /
/:
<
-f '"" /, '
268-103
One-rile radius around Se. Cumberland court house site.
192
-------
New Cumberland court house site, view to South.
New Cumberland court house site, view to West.
193
-------
AREA SOURCE SUMMARY
Site:
Cumberland, West Virginia UTM N 4483119 E 00533119
Source Category
COMBUSTION:
Residential fuel
Comm/Ind fuel
Incinerators
Auto exhaust
IND PROCESSES:
Ind processes
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad vards
Paved streets
Unpaved roads
Cleared areas
Aggregate storage
Storage areas
Unpaved pkg lots
Activity
rate
575 h.u.
1,301 VMT
49.1 A
1,301 VMT
16.3 V>IT
0.85 A
1.0 A
1.0 A
3.22 A
1
0.5
0.3
neg
0.1
neg
neg
neg
0.3 .
2
0.5
0.5
neg
0.1
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
3
0.5
0.5
neg
0.1
neg
neg
neg
1.4
4
0.2
neg
5
0.3
0.3
neg
0.1
neg
6
0.2
0.2
7
0.3
0.3
neg
0.2
neg
0.5
0.9
8
0.1
0.2
9
0.7
0.5
neg
0.5
neg
Total
3.0
2.6
neg
1.3
neg
neg
neg_
1.4
0.5
1.5
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
^_ 1
0.8
0.0
0.4
1.2
2 to 5
2.6
0.0
1.9
4.5
6 to 9
2.2
0.0
2.4
4.6
Total
5.6
0.0
4.7
10.3
Variable value
1
11.2
_
5.6
16.8
2 to 5
16.2
11.9
28.1
6 to 9
3.6
3.9
7.5
Total
31.0
21.4
52.4
-------
POINT SOURCE. SUMMARY
s"rfET~N~~Cjfi'5ESLA"ND
53 32 i4 4832
X
(KM)
537.30
531.00
533.^0
534.30
535.00
535.00
534.40
533.00
533.70
534.00
531.20
531.90
529.50
530.00
530.00
528.10
533.30
525.30
531.10
533.50
533.70
533.00
Y
( K'4
4496
4495
4496
4474
4473
4473
4474
4475
4474
4470
4474
4495
4472
4491
4491
4493
H460
4488
44S6
4481
4480
4477
)
.20
.20
.60
.40
.80
.00
.10
.00
.50
.70
.20
.70
.50
.00
.00
.10
.70
.90
.70
.50
.00
.50
.MISSIO
( T/ v )
"4 .
3t.
233.
3914.
4788.
415.
1 V it .
1463.
2465.
267.
5.
169.
10.
57.
b9.
172.
42.
43.
55191.
5135.
1451 .
67.
Ki
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
OD
00
DliTf
CM!
8.
7.
8.
5.
5.
6.
b.
5.
5.
7.
5.
7.
6.
5.
5.
6.
1.
6.
2.
1.
1.
3.
NC
)
53
62
33
47
91
3C
66
04
37
74
58
96
97
27
27
94
51
04
56
03
97
49
17.7
350.1
1 .2
172.3
168.6
169.5
171.9
lflO.8
176.1
175.9
173.1
354.5
198.8
338.4
338.4
333.3
175.7
306.5
330.6
166.7
169.4
1*1 .2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Q
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
16
19
23
21
22
SCURC. NO. t NAME:
TAYLORtSPITWilTAYLOR
suAK'iR STATS: OIL
HOM:R LAUTHLI.J CHINA
WcIRTON STEEL/NATION
^IRTCN STEEL/NATION
i/riRTON STEEL/NATION
«'CIRTON STCEL/NATION
JEIRTO'J STEEL/NATION
WtlRTO"; STEEL/NATION
STANDARD SLA3 COMPAN
INTERNATIONAL MILL S
SLOBL REFRACTORIES S
IRON CITY SAlMO & GRA
TRI-STATE ASPHALT #3
TRI-STATE ASPHALT »4
SWANK RtFACTORIES
KAUL CLAY CO.
r.J. DANDO CO.
OHIO tDISOM CO./SAMM
OHIO EDISON CO./TORO
TORONTO PAPERBOARD C
TITANIUM METALS
195
-------
DESCRIPTION OF SITE
SAROAD Code - 50-0620-005
Location - Elementary School,
New Manchester, West Virginia
UTM - N-4486350 E-00535840
Monitor Height - 15 ft
Site Elevation - 1170 ft MSL
Land Use by Sector:
la. Rural
Ib. Rural
Ic. Agriculature
Id. Residential
2. Rural
3. Rural
Localized sources within 200 ft of monitor:
Source
4. Rural
5. Rural/Residential
6. Rural
7.
8. Rural/Agriculture
9. Rural/Agriculture
Main St.
Visible major point sources:
Source
Satnmis Power
Air Quality Data:
Year
1977
1978
Distance (feet)
58
Imile
Description
*
1000 ADT, Unpaved Shoulder
Direction
275°
Geometric mean (yg/m3)
80
86
196
-------
268-105
1. Unpaved lot 0.12 ac.
2. Unpaved road 900 ft.
3. Agriculture 1.5 ac
4. Unpaved road 300 ft.
5. Unpaved road 300 ft.
6. Cleared area O.Or ac,
7. Unpaved road 600 ft.
8. Cleared area 0.12 ac.
One-quarter mile radius around New Manchester, West Virginia site.
197
-------
Rvn
sV . ~)£VM
i~\ n Jt> j
"'. ' -..New Manchester
" ' : Pit
L
A
. ..
'Y
-.
' » ' '/
Reclaimed ^ ~^
Area/ ^ f~S
\ , -*
268-106
One-mile radius around New Manchester elementary school site.
198
-------
New Manchester elementary school site, view to South.
New Manchester elementary school site, view to East.
199
-------
AREA SOURCE SUMMARY
o
o
Site: New Manchester, West Virginia UTM N 4486350 E 00535840
Source Category
COMBUSTION'
Incinerators
IND PROCESSES *
FUGITIVE DUST:
Railroad vards
Paved streets
Cleared areas
Agriculture
Unpaved pkg lots
Emissions by sector, ton/yr
^cti^'it*'
rate
1,001 VET
1,001 VMT
18.56 VMT
1.5 A
0.12 A
1
0.2
0.2
neg
neg
neg
neg
neg
0.1
2
neg
neg
neg
3
neg
neg
neg
4
neg
L_neg_
neg
neg
neg
5
0.2
0.2
neg
neg
6
0.2
0.2
neg
neg
7
0.2
0.2
8
0.3
0.3
neg
neg
neg
.
9
0.3
0.3
L
Total
1.4
1.4
neg
_
neg
neg
neg
_
neg
0.1
Recap
COMBUSTION
IND PROCESSES
FUGITIVE DUST
Total
Emissions by sector, t/yr
1
0.4
0.0
0.1
0.5
2 to 5
0.4
UCLC)
0.0
0.4
6 to 9
2.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
Total
2.8
0.0
0.1
2.9
Variable value
1
20.6
-
5.1
25.7
2 to 5
2.5
-
-
2.5
6 to 9
3.3
-
-
3.3
Total
26.4
-
5.1
31.5
'
-------
POINT SOURCE
535.84 F. , 4486.35 "j
X
«P)
537.30
531.00
533.40
53».30
535.00
535.00
534.40
533.00
533.70
534.00
534.20
531.90
529.50
530.00
530. DC
528.10
533.30
525.30
531.10
533.50
533.70
533.00
Y
(
4496.20
4495.20
4496.60
4474.40
4473.80
4473.00
4474.10
4475.00
4474.50
4470.70
4474.20
4495.70
4472 .50
4491 .00
4431 .00
4453.10
44.30.70
4486.90
4436.70
4481.50
4480.00
4477.50
""MISSION DISTANCE
( T / Yp )
94.00
35.00
233.00
391-4.00
47«b.OO
415.00
1995.30
1463.00
2465.00
267.00
5.00
165.00
10.00
57.00
59.30
172.00
42.00
43.00
55191 .00
5135.00
1451 .00
67.00
(Ml )
6.15
6.27
6.55
7.49
7.82
3.31
7.66
7.27
7.4ft
9.79
7.62
6.30
9.47
4.64
4 .64
6.38
3.H5
6.74
2.9b
3.35
4.16
5.78
AN3LE
( 3- 3 >
3.4
331.3
346.6
137.3
183. «
1«3.6
1P6.7
1°4 .0
130.2
Ib6.7
187.7
337.1
204.6
308.5
308.5
311.1
204.2
283.6
274.2
205.7
1 -> 8 . 6
197.8
SOUPCc. NO. » NAPE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
a
o
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
TAYLOR, SMITH, ^TAYLOR
QUAKER STAT: OIL
HOMER LAU3HLIN CHINA
*'7IRTON STEEL/NATION
JLIRTO'J STEEL/NATION
UEIRTO'J STEEL/NATION
ULIRTO*1 STEEL/NATION
WilRTO'J STEEL/NATION
ULlRTCN STEEL/NATION
STANDARD SLAG COMPAN
INTERNATIONAL MILL S
r-L05E REFRACTORIES S
IRON CITY SAND & 3RA
TRI-STATE ASPHALT »3
T?!-3TAT£ ASPHALT #4
SWANK REFACTORIES
KAUL CLAY CO.
F.J. DAfJDO C3.
OHIO EuISONi CO./SAMM
OHIO EDISON CO./TORO
TORONTO PAPER30ARD C
TITANIUM METALS
201
-------
APPENDIX C
FILTER ANALYSIS RESULTS
202
-------
GCA Filter No. 6405
Site: BRILLIANT Date: 1/2/78
43 - 9.9 - 1.81 = 31.3
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Iron 0.71 yg/m3 Arsenic 0.04 yg/m3
Classification Weight (yg/m3) (% of Primary)
Minerals 9 29
Combustion
Flyash 7 23
Coal Fragments and Flyash 7 24
Soot 3 9
Iron Oxide 2 5
Other
PoJlen and Spores 2 6
Glass 1 4
Total 31 100
203
-------
GCA Filter No. 6425
Site:
TILTONSVILLE Date: 1/2/78
152 - 21.4 - 3.66
= 126.9
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Classification
Minerals
Iron 2.22 ug/m3 Arsenic 0.07 Mg/tri3
Weight (yg/m3) (% of Primary)
24 19
Combustion
Flyash
Coal Fragments and Flyash
Soot
Iron Oxide
36
29
23
14
28
23
18
11
Other
Pollen and Spores
Glass
Total
127
100
204
-------
CCA Filter No. 6416
Siti-: MARTINS FERRY Date: 1/2/78
36 - 9.6 - 1.74 = 24.7
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Iron 0.44 ug/m3 Arsenic 0.07 yg/m3
Classification Weight (yg/m3) (% of Primary)
Minerals 10 41
Combustion
Flyash 5 20
Coal Fragments and Flyash 5 19
Soot 3 14
Iron Oxide -
Other
Poll en and Spores
Gl ass
Total 25 100
205
-------
CCA Filler No. 6412
Site:
FOLLANSBEE
Date:
1/14/78
73 - 12.0 - 1.48 = 59.5
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Iron
Mg/m3 Arsenic
yg/m;
Cl jsslfication
Minerals
Weight (pg/m3)
20
of Primary)
33
Combustion
Flyash
Coal Fragments and Flyash
Soot
Iron Oxide
16
8
5
7
27
14
9
11
Other
!'o 11 en and Spores
(; lass
Total
60
100
206
-------
GCA Filter No. 6429
Site:
WEIRTON
152
Date:
1/4/79
_ 12 (est) _ 1.5 (est)= 138.5
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Classification
Minerals
Iron
_Vig/m3 Arsenic
22
Weight (yg/m3) (% of Primary)
16
Combustion
Flyash
Coal Fragments and Flyash
Soot
Iron Oxide
30
36
18
31
22
26
13
22
Other
Pollen and Spores
Glass
Total
138
100
207
-------
GCA Filter No. 6423
Site: STEUBENVILLE (ADAMS ST)
37
Date: 2/8/78
9.0
3.7
24.3
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Classification
Minerals
Iron °-43 yg/tn3 Arsenic °-017 yg/m3
Weight (yg/m3) (% of Primary)
9 38
Combustion
Flyash
Coal Fragments and Flyash
Soot
Iron Oxide
6
6
2
24
24
10
Other
Po]len and Spores
Glass
Total
24
100
208
-------
CCA Filter No. 6414
Site: STEUBENVILLE (COURTHOUSE)
Date: 2/7/78
178 - 44.5 - 1.7 = 131.8
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
CJassification
Minerals
Iron 2.7 yg/m3 Arsenic 0.03 yg/m3
Weight (yg/m3) (% of Primary)
33 25
Combustion
Flyash
Coal Fragments and Flyash
Soot
Iron Oxide
32
49
12
6
24
37
9
5
Other
Pollen and Spores
Class
Total
132
100
209
-------
CCA Fi Iter No. 6417
SiU'lMINGO JUNCTION
57
Date: 2/7/78
13.0
= 43.2
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Classification
Minerals
Iron 0.70 Mg/m3 Arsenic 0.12 yg/
m
Weight (Mg/m3) (% of Primary)
16 36
Combust ion
Flyash
Coal Fragments and Flyash
Soot
I ron Oxide
7
16
2
2
17
36
4
6
Otjier
Pollen and Spores
G1 ass
Stellate Hairs
Total
43
Note: Sample based on 10 hours of monitoring
210
100
-------
GCA Filter No. 6411
Site: EAST LIVERPOOL (FIRE STATION) Date: 4/2/78
75
- 7.5
1.45
: 66.0
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Classification
Minerals
Iron 1.2 yg/m3 Arsenic 0.02 yg/m3
Weight (yg/m3) (% of Primary)
16 24
CombuHt ion
Flyash
Coal Fragments and Flyash
Soot
Iron Oxide
15
12
9
5
23
18
14
7
Other
Pollen and Spores
Glass
2
7
3
11
Total
66
100
211
-------
GCA Filter No. 6409
Site: EAST LIVERPOOL (CITY HALL) Date: 4/2/78
52 _ 6.7 _ 1.74 _ 43.6
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Iron °-90 yg/m3 Arsenic °-07 yg/m3
Classification Weight (yg/m3) (% of Primary)
Minerals 12 27
Combustion
Flyash 10 23
Coal Fragments and Flyash 8 18
Soot 4 9
Iron Oxide 5 ll
Other
Pollen and Spores 3
Glass 3
Total 44 100
212
-------
GCA Filter No. 6420
Site: POWHATTAN POINT
Date: 4/2/78
180 - 10.8 - 3.42 = 165.8
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Classification
Minerals
Iron 3.78 yg/m3 Arsenic 0.10 yg/m3
Weight (yg/m3) (% of Primary)
55 33
Combustion
Flyash
Coal Fragments and Flyash
Soot
I ron Oxide-
Burned Wood
36
30
22
18
3
22
18
13
11
2
Other
Pollen and Spores
Glass
Total
166
100
213
-------
CCA FlIter No. 6407
CLARINGTON
Date: 4/2/78
68
8.0
2.4 = 57.6
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Iron 1.05 Mg/m3 Arsenic Q.Q3 yg/
Cl ass Ificatlon
Minerals
m
Weight (ug/m3)
19
(% of Primary)
32
Conibu.st'lon
Flyash
Coal Fragments and Flyash
Soot
1 ron Oxide
16
5
28
9
14
11
Other
I'D 1 I en and Spores
Gl nss
Total
58
100
214
-------
GCA Filter No. 6419
Site: NEW MANCHESTER
38
Date: 4/8/78
4.4
- 1.92
= 31.7
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Classification
Minerals
Iron 0.8 Mg/m3 Arsenic 0.05 Mg/m3
Weight (Mg/m3) (% of Primary)
13 40
Combustion
Flyash
Coal Fragments and Flyash
Soot
Iron Oxide
6
7
4
2
18
23
14
5
Other
I'o 1 I en and Spores
nss
Total
32
100
215
-------
CCA Filter No. 6418
Site: NEW CUMBERLAND
169
Date: 4/8/78
- 6.5
0.5
162.0
Total Concentration Suli'ates Nitrates Primary
Classification
Minerals
Iron 2.2 yg/m3 Arsenic Q.Q7 yg/m3
Weight (yg/m3) (% of Primary)
45 28
Combustion
Flyash
Coal Fragments and Flyash
Soot
I ron Oxide
44
29
15
19
27
18
9
12
Other
Pollen and Spores
(Mass
10
Total
162
100
216
-------
CCA Filter No. 6426
Situ: TORONTO
Date:
4/8/78
155 - 6.5 - 3.05 = 145.4
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Iron 1.7 Pg/m3 Arsenic 0.02 yg/
m
Classification
Minerals
Weight (Mg/m3) (% of Primary)
41 28
Combust ion
Flyash
Coal Fragments and Flyash
Soot
Iron Oxide
Burned Wood
48
27
13
10
3
33
19
9
7
2
()th£r
Pollen and Spores
G lass
Total
145
100
217
-------
CCA Filter No. 6430
Si to: WEIRTON
208
Total Concentration
Date: 4/8/78
_iP_'A_._. - -_L.52 = 196.1
Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Classification
Minerals
Iron 5.93 yg/m3 Arsenic 0.008 Mg/m3
Weight (jjg/m3) (% of Primary)
41 21
Combustion
Flyash
CoaJ Fragments and Flyash
Soot
Iion Oxide
59
33
15
41
30
17
8
21
Other
I'o 11 en and Spores
G1 ass
Total
196
100
218
-------
GCA Filter No. 6424
Site: STEUBENVILLE (ADAMS ST)
106
Date: 4/9/78
8.6
2.4
95
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Classification
Minerals
Iron 2.83 yg/m3 Arsenic 0.081 yg/m3
Weight (yg/m3) (% of Primary)
24 25
Combustion
Flyash
Coal Fragments and Flyash
Soot
Iron Oxide
Burned Wood
24
16
7
20
1
25
17
8
21
1
Other
Pollen and Spores
Glass
Total
95
100
219
-------
CCA Filter No. 3429
Site: NEW MANCHESTER
67
Date: 4/26/78
~ 5.2
= 59.4
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Classification
Minerals
1.36 Mg/m3 Arsenic Q.QQ5 ug/m3
Weight (yg/m3) (% of Primary)
29 49
([om\HiH_t ion
Flyash
Coal Fragments and Flyash
Soot:
I roil Oxide
Burned Wood
8
11
8
3
13
18
13
5
1
Other
Pollen and Spores
(I i nsa
To La]
59
100
220
-------
OCA Filter No. 6415
Site: STE'UBENVILLE (COURT HOUSE) Date: 4/26/78
81 - 9.6 - 6.0 = 65.4
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Iron 1.98 yg/m3 Arsenic 0.10 yg/m3
Classification Weight (yg/m3) (% of Primary)
Minerals 25 38
CombuatIon
Flyash 12 18
Coal Fragments and Flyash 18 28
Soot 6 9
Iron Oxide 3 5
Other
I'o I Ion and Spores
Glass
Total 65 100
221
-------
CCA Filter No. 6413
SLU-: FOLLANSBEE
Date: 4/26/78
75
Total Concentration Sulfateb
2.52
Nitrates
= 66.1
Primary
C] a.ssl fication
Minerals
Iron 1.88 pg/m3 Arsenic 0.08 yg/m3
Weight (Mg/m3) (% of Primary)
24 37
Combustion
Flyash
Coal Fragments and Flyash
Soot
Iron
12
15
6
7
18
22
9
11
OjJier
!'n 1 H-n and Spores
(; lass
Total
66
100
222
-------
CCA Filter No. 6406
Site: BRILLIANT
95
Date: ft/26/78
7.2
Total Concentration Sulfates
3.68 = 84.1
Nitrates Primary
Iron 1.92 yg/m3 Arsenic 0.04 Mg/m"
Classification
Minerals
Weight (yg/m3)
34
(% of Primary)
40
Combustion
Flyash
Coal Fragments and Flyash
Soot
1ron Oxide
15
16
8
18
19
9
Other
I'o I 1 en and Spores
Glass
2
9
3
11
Total
84
100
223
-------
GCA Filter No. 3663
Site: MINGO JCT
177
Date: 4/26/78
_ 7 (est) _ 2.5 (est)= 167.5
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Classification
Minerals
Iron
Ug/m3 Arsenic
Weight (yg/m3) (% of Primary)
40 24
Combustion
Flyash
Coal Fragments and Flyash
Soot
Iron Oxide
Burned Wood
30
38
23
18
2
18
18
14
11
1
Other
Pollen and Spores
Glass
Cellulose Fibers
Carbon
Total
5
0
2
8
167
3
0
1
5
100
224
-------
GCA Filter No. 3417
Site: WELLSBURG
Date: 4/26/80
140
Total Concentration
7 (est)
Sulfates
- 2.5 (est) = 130.5
Nitrates Primary
Classification
Minerals
Iron
yg/m3 Arsenic
Weight (yg/m3) (% of Primary)
31 24
Combustion
Flyash
Coal Fragments and Flyash
Soot
Iron Oxide
Fine Carbonaceous Material
23
23
23
14
6
18
18
18
11
5
Other
Pollen and Spores
Glass
4
4
3
3
Total
131
100
225
-------
CCA Filter No. 6422
SiU': SHADYSIDE Date: 7/25/78
72 - 17.4 - 3.78 = 50.8
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Iron 1.2 __ _ug/m3 Arsenic __ 0^06
float Ion Weight (pg/m3) '(% of Primary)
Minerals 15 29
Combustion
Flyash 15 29
Coal Fragments and Flyash 10 19
Soot 5 10
[ run Oxidt: 3 5
Burned Wood 1
Otjier
I'd lien and Spores 3 6
("< Insa
Starch 1
Total 51 100
226
-------
CCA Filter No. 6421
Sitt-: POWHATTAN POINT
179
Date: 7/25/78
- 23.0 - 1.52 = 154.5
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Classification
Minerals
Iron 1.12 yg/m3 Arsenic 0.28 pg/m3
Weight (Mg/m3) (%of Primary)
39 25
Combust ion
Flyash
Coal Fragments and Flyash
Soot
Tron Oxide
28
65
14
18
42
9
5
Oth_er
I'o 11 en and Spores
G1 nss
Starch
Total
154
100
Note: Sample based on only 5 hours of monitoring
227
-------
CCA Filter No. 6408
Kite: CLARINGTON
35
Date: 7/25/78
12.0
3.54
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Class L fication
Minerals
Iron 0.66 Mg/m3 Arsenic 0.02 yig/m3
Weight (yg/m3)
of Primary)
25
Combustion
Flyash
Coal Fragments and Flyash
Soot
Iion Oxide
5
5
3
24
24
14
Other
''oilen and Spores
Cl fiss
Total
20
100
228
-------
GCA Filter No. 6427
Site: WELLSVILLE
Date: 9/11/78
269 - 24.3 - 2.5 - 232.2
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Iron Ug/m3 Arsenic Mg/m3
Classification
Minerals
Weight (ug/m3) (% of Primary)
76 33
Combustion
Flyash
Coal Fragments and Flyash
Soot
Iron Oxide
44
53
42
12
19
23
18
5
Other
Pollen and Spores
Glass
Total
232
100
229
-------
CCA Filter No. 6410
Site: EAST LIVERPOOL (CITY HALL) Hat,-: 9/17/78
125
..4 _______ = . 149 ^
Total Concentration Sulfatey Nitratos Primary
I ron 1.32 V 8 /m3 Ar s enic Q.OA ^ 8 /
m
Classification
Minerals
Weight (pg/nr) (% of Primary)
43 29
Comljustion
Flyash
CoaJ Fragments and Flyash
Soot
1ron Oxide
43
28
15
8
29
19
10
5
Other
Co 11 en and Spores
(! I a>sH
9
3
6
2
Total
149
100
230
-------
GCA Filter No. 6428
Site: WELLSVILLE
Date: 9/17/78
93 - 27.6 - 3.3 = 62.1
Total Concentration Sulfates Nitrates Primary
Classification
Minerals
Iron 1-2 pg/m3 Arsenic 0.06 Mg/m3
Weight (yg/m3) (% of Primary)
19 31
Combustion
Flyash
CoaJ Fragments and Flyash
Soot
Iron Oxide
17
16
28
25
10
Other
Pollen and Spores
Glass
Total
62
100
231
-------
GCA 3422, Weirton (Fire Station), 138 yg/m3
The combustion product particulate shows a wide range in grain size prob-
ably representing a coking or steelmaking source rather than a utility boiler.
Composition
Phase
Rubber particles
Flyash (coal particulate)*
Bituminous coal (highly
angular fragments)
Quartz, carbonate and
rare gypsum laths
Biological (spores)
Weight percent
10
50
25
10
5
*Includes some irregular soot particles.
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
Particle size (ym)
10 15 20 25
50
Percent (less than)
Coal
Notes:
avg.
60
-
60
-
-
-
65
55
65
60
60
61
70
55
65
70
65
65
85
60
70
75
70
72
90
75
85
85
80
83
95 95 100
80 90 100
90 100 100
90 95 100
90 95 100
89 95 100
Flyash
avg.
Soot
avg.
Largest
90
60
70
70
75
73
80
-
-
-
-
-
95
65
80
75
75
78
80
70
75
80
75
76
particles
95
80
85
80
80
84
85
75
80
90
85
83
sized
100
85
95
100
90
94
95
95
90
100
95
95
.
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
95
100
100
99
coal =
soot =
100
100
100
100
100
100
45 ym; flyash =15.5 ym;
15.0 ym.
232
-------
GCA 3662, Mingp Junction, 141 yg/m3
Uniformly small grain size of opaque particulate possibly represents a
source from a utility boiler using crushed coal. Grain size relatively
smaller than GCA 3663.
Composition
Phase
Coal flyash (including soot)
Bituminous coal (pulverized feed)
Carbonate (fine-grained euhedral)
feldspar (very fine grained)
quartz (minor of three minerals)
Biological (spores)
Weight Percent
50
10
10
30
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
Particle size (]-im)
10
15 20 25 50
Percent (less than)
Coal
avg.
Flyash
avg.
Soot
avg.
90
-
70
80
75
-
80
75
90
95
80
84
70
-
-
80
85
-
90
70
75
85
80
80
80
80
95
95
80
86
80
80
75
85
85
81
95
75
85
90
85
86
85
90
95
100
85
91
85
90
80
90
90
87
95
80
95
100
100
94
100
95
100
100
100
99
95
100
90
100
95
96
100
90
100
100
100
98
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
95
100
100
99
100
90
100
100
100
98
100
100
100
100
100
100
100 100
95 100
100 100
100 100
100 100
99 100
Notes:
Largest particle sized: coal fragments = 50 ym; flyash
soot = 17 ym.
14 ym;
233
-------
GCA 3645, Clarington, 148 yig/m3
Hi-vol filter a uniform light gray reflecting the extremely fine grain
size of all particulate. Overall, combustion products comprise about 15 to
25 percent of the filter and the remainder is mostly biological matter.
Composition
Phase
Coal (unburned)
Soot
Coal flyash
Carbonate (very fine-grained)
Biological
Weight percent
10
10
5
10
65
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
Particle size (pm)
10 15
20
Percent (less than)
Coal
avg.
75
-
60
70
-
-
85
50
75
80
75
73
95
70
80
95
90
86
100
90
95
100
100
97
100
100
100
100
100
100
Flyash
avg.
Soot
avg.
85
80
90
85
85
85
80
50
75
60
-
90
90
95
95
90
92
80
60
80
70
70
72
95
95
100
95
100
97
95
70
95
85
90
87
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
95
95
98
100
100
100
100
100
100
Notes:
Largest particle sized: coal fragments = 14 ym; flyash
soot = 12 um.
7 ym;
234
-------
GCA 3417. Wellsburg (State Road Yard), 140 yg/m3
Filter is very similar to filter from Brilliant (GCA 3642) and Mingo Junc-
tion (GCA 3662 and 3663).
Composition
Phase
Bituminous coal particulate
Coal flyash (spherical)
Glassy (isotropic) spheres
Feldspar laths and quartz
Biological particulate
(spores)
Weight percent
40
5
10
5
40
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
Particle size (ym)
10
15 20 25 50
Percent (less than)
Coal
65
50
40
60
55
ave. 54
65-70
55
45
65
60
58
70
65
50
85
70
68
75
70
70
90
80
77
85
85
80
95
90
87
85
90
85
100
95
91
90
95
90
100
100
95
95*
100
100
100
100
99
*100 percent of material is below 60 ym.
Flyash
avg.
Soot
avg.
85 90
90 95
90 95
75 80
80 80
84 88
60
50 55
- 40
- 40
50 50
49
100
100
100
95
85
96
75
70
50
50
60
61
100
100
100
100
100
100
80
75
75
80
75
77
90
85
95
85
90
89
95
90
95
95
95
94
95
95
95
100
100
97
100
100
100
100
100
100
Notes:
Largest particle sized: coal = 55.5 ym; flyash = 10.5 ym;
soot = 29.5 ym.
235
-------
GCA 3652, East Liverpool, Fire Station, 130 yg/m3
Coal particles show considerable clumping and aggregation on filter.
May be due to condensation on larger liquid droplets (rain?).
Composition
Phase
Bituminous coal flyash
Coal (bituminous) particles
Glassy (vitreous) flyash
Carbonate (very fine-grained)
Biological (spores)
Weight percent
30
25
15
15
15
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
Particle s i ?e (pm)
Id 15
50
Percent (\oss than)
Coal
70
-
60
65
avg .
50
75
60
60
65
62
55
75
t>5
65
70
66
85
80
75
70
80
78
9v>
95
<»r.
8C>
«5
89
<)'
95
C0
90
100
94
0 '3
100
95
.->,)
100
Q6
] 00
100
100
95*
100
99
*100 percent oT all
field are below.
coal par
Ob in tills
r xyHHU
avg.
Soot
avg.
60
65
75
65
70
67
(^n
50
75
-
-
-
70
70
80
70
75
73
7 ^
55
75
65
70
68
75
80
90
75
80
80
HO
75
80
70
75
76
85
8l>
90
85
95
88
t)S
80
95
80
85
87
M ( ',
100
93
t 00
iOO
'-)/
t no
95
100
100
95
98
95
, 00
i oo
100
100
99
1 H( !
100
100
100
100
.100
} n;i
Oil
00
00
] oo
:oo
Notes: Largest particle sized:
coal = 51.5 ym; flyash = 20.5 ym;
soot = 17.0 ym.
236
-------
GCA 3663, Mingo Junction, 177 yg/m3
Filter dominated by particulate from combustion sources. Carbonate from
terrigenous sources. Many of the coal particles are unburned. Combustion
products show great variation in size suggesting a steel mill or related in-
dustry as source rather than a utility boiler.
Composition
Phase Weight percent
Bituminous coal fragments 50
Carbonate (fine-grained,
well-formed crystals) 20
Quartz 10
Glassy flyash 10
Soot 10
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
Particle size (urn)
35 10 15 20 25 30 50
Percent (less than)
80 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
20 50 80 95 100 100 100 100
60 80 85 85 85 90 90 100
50 80 85 90 90 100 100 100
50 50 90 95 100 100 100 100
50 50 90 90 100 100 100 100
40 40 75 90 100 100 100 100
40 50 85 90 95 100 100 100
60 80 80 100 100 100 100 100
60 80 90 95 100 100 100 100
avg. 51 66 86 93 97 99 99 100
Flyash 80 90 90 95 100
90 95 100 100 100
90 90 95 95 100
95 100 100 100 100
80 90 100 100 100
80 85 90 100 100
70 80 85 90 100
75 90 100 100 100
90 100 100 100 100
80 90 95 100 100
avg. 83 91 95 98 100
(continued)
237
-------
Particle size (ym)
35 10 15 20 25
Percent (less than)
Soot
75 80 85 90 95 100
80 80 95 100 100 100
50 50 80 100 100 100
30 30 80 95 100 100
30 30 80 80 95 100
avg. 53 54 84 93 98 100
238
-------
GCA 3413, Moundsville, 173 yg/m3
Fine grain size of combustion products indicates a pulverized feed source
for the coal.
Composition
Phase Weight percent
20
Biological (spores)
Coal (bituminous) fragments,
highly angular
Coal flyash (spherical)
Wood fiber
Quartz
Carbonate
30
30
trace
10
10
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
Particle size (ym)
10 15 20 25
50
Percent (less than)
Coal
avg.
Flyash
avg.
Soot
avg.
-
-
50
50
-
-
60
-
65
60
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
45
50
55
55
50
51
65
30
70
65
60
58
40
50
45
60
75
54
50
70
65
60
60
61
65
55
75
70
80
69
55
55
50
70
80
62
65
75
70
75
75
72
95
95
90
95
90
93
80
75
75
75
100
81
80
75
85
80
80
80
100
95
100
100
95
98
80
80
85
95
100
88
80
80
90
85
90
85
100
100
100
100
100
100
80
100
95
100
100
95
85
90
100
100
95
94
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Notes:
Largest particle sized: coal = 48 ym; flyash =16.5 ym;
soot = 23.5 ym.
239
-------
GCA 3431, Steubenville (Adams), 141 yg/m3
Heavy industrial source(s) nearby plus some "urban" (tire rubber)
contribution.
Composition
Phase Weight percent
Biological (spores)
Rubber particles
Coal (bituminous) particles
Rounded slag particles (glass)
nonmagnetic
Coal flyash
Soot
50
10
20
10
5
5
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
Particle size (ym)
10
15
20 25
50
Percent (less than)
Coal
avg.
*A11
-
-
55
50
-
55
55
50
60
55
55
particles
70
60
60
70
60
64
below
85
80
65
75
75
76
60
85
85
70
90
80
82
ym.
90
95
80
100
90
91
100
95
95
100
90
96
100
100
100
100
95*
99
Flyash
65 70 85 90 100
70 75 85 100 100
avg.
Soot
avg.
60
70
65
66
_
55
60
50
50
-
70
80
70
73
60
60
65
65
65
63
90
95
85
88
75
70
70
70
70
71
100
100
95
97
80
75
80
75
80
78
100
100
100
100
90
85
85
90
90
88
95
90
95
95
100
95
100
95
100
100
100
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
(continued)
240
-------
Notes: Largest particle sized: coal = 58 ym; flyash = 13 pm;
soot = 29.5 ym.
Additional material that may be a combustion product is
seen as an orange-colored, isotropic, angular to sub-
angular particulate. Very small percentage of these
particles. Rough site distribution of the few particles
seen is:
(Less than size stated)
10 15 20 25 40 60
50 60 70 95 95 100 (percent)
241
-------
GCA 3642, Brilliant, 203 yg/m3
Particles similar to that found in Mingo Junction filters. Overall, there
seems to be a high concentration of combustion products from the Brilliant-
Mingo Junction area. Particulate from these areas is highly angular, with large
variation in grain size and much coarser generally. Probable that source is
from adjacent steelmaking operations.
Composition
Phase
Coal (bituminous) particles
Coal flyash
Glassy flyash (incinerator?)
Iron oxide particles
Slag particles
Biological particles
Weight percent
30
20
20
Less than 0.5
Trace
30
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
Particle size (ym)
10
15 20 25 50 110
Percent (less than)
Coal
avg.
Flyash
avg.
Soot
avg.
45
40
30
45
50
42
70
60
70
50
65
63
45
-
-
-
50
-
50
50
40
50
55
49
75
65
75
65
70
70
50
60
50
50
55
53
65
55
60
65
65
62
75
80
75
75
80
77
55
65
60
60
65
61
70
70
75
70
70
71
85
85
80
100
85
87
70
75
65
70
70
70
80
80
75
80
85
80
95
95
100
100
95
97
80
80
80
75
75
78
95
85
85
85
85
87
100
100
100
100
100
100
90
90
85
90
85
88
95
90
95
95
95
94
95
100
100
95
90
96
100
95
100
100
100
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Notes; Largest particles sized: coal = 107 ym; flyash = 18 ym;
soot = 46 ym; iron oxide* = 16 ym.
*Iron oxide particles were only rarely seen, most are probably less
than 5 ym.
242
-------
GCA 3659, Martins Ferry, 146 yg/m3
Composition
Phase
Coal (bituminous) particles
Coal flyash
Glassy flyash
Carbonate
Quartz
Biological particles
Mineral particles all less than 1 ym
Weight percent
30
30
20
5
5
10
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
Particle size (yra)
10 15 20 25
50
Percent (less than)
Coal fragments
avg.
Coal flyash
avg.
Glassy flyash
avg.
-
40
-
50
50
-
75
-
50
60
70
-
75
-
-
-
-
-
75
55
60
60
55
61
80
75
65
75
75
74
75
60
50
75
60
64
80
65
65
65
75
70
85
80
70
80
85
80
75
75
65
80
70
73
90
80
75
75
80
80
90
100
90
90
90
92
80
80
75
90
75
80
95
85
80
85
85
86
100
100
95
100
95
98
90
80
85
100
80
87
100
85
85
100
85
91
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
(continued)
243
-------
Particle size
3 5
10
15
20
Percent (less
Soot
avg.
- 75
- 30
- 35
- 50
- 40
- 46
80
30
50
60
50
54
80
35
60
65
60
60
75
60
60
80
75
72
(ym)
25
than)
85
100
80
85
90
88
50
100
100
100
100
100
100
Notes: Largest particle sized: coal fragments = 48 ym; coal
flyash = 23 ym; glassy flyash = 26 ym;
soot = 41 ym.
244
-------
TABLE 3. SUMMARY OF PHASE COMPOSITION AND PARTICLE SIZE DATA
Coal particulate
21
21
21
26
26
M 26
-E-
Ln
1
1
1
1
Date
March 1978
March 1978
March 1978
April 1978
April 1978
April 1978
June 1978
June 1978
June 1978
June 1978
uoncenLiation
Location , , 5,
(yg/m > Weight
Weirton
Mingo Junction
Clarington
Wellsburg
E. Liverpool (F.S.)
Mingo Junction
Moundsville
Steubenville
Brilliant
Martins Ferry
138
141
148
140
130
177
123
141
203
146
25
10
10
40
25
50
30
20
30
30
90 per-
centile
(pm)
20
7
6
18
16
12
23
19
22
24
Flyash
Weight
(%)
50
50
5
15
45
10
30
15
40
50
Phase
Soot
90 per- . ,
. , Weight
centile fv^
(um
8.
4.
2.
3.
10.
5.
8.
5.
11.
18.
-. \'°j
5
5
5 10
5
5
5 10
5
5 5
0
0
Minerals
Weight
°
10
10
10
5
15
30
20
-
-
10
Biologicals Rubber
Weight
5
30
65
40
15
-
20
50
30
10
Weight
10
-
-
-
-
-
~
10
-
-
-------
'ft I;' i u L / ft /v "i
//*./? 8
OCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
Sample: ^V0S"
Component
MINERALS
Quartz
Calcite
Gypsum
Feldspar
Clay
Mica:
OTHeFT 2/fc$s
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
Irregular, Lacy Flyash
^
Coal Fragments J^Ytt^jJ)
Soot (oil or other)
Burned Wood
F.ron Oxide
BIOLOGICAL
Pollen and Spores
Stellate Hairs
Crllulose Fibers
Starch
Insect Parts
Other:
MISCELLANEOUS
Rubber Particles
Auto Emissions
!*
Vol. %
5
lo
45-
/o
15
25-
to
-5
lo
Wcf
m*ke
TkiKf
Date:
Wt. %
L
23
V
?
/?
l^
i
r~"
-
-
^
HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
& M »n
/^-//^ >/>^
/
/
f *nr>
7
/.c? - yc?,o ^ /v^
7
246
-------
;£.<,.
X y
OCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
Sample: fa^ / (e
Component
MINERALS
Quartz
Calcite
Gypsum
I
Feldspar
Clay
1
Mica:
Other:
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
i
! Irregular, Lacy Flyash
Conl Fragments*:/-? y
to
13
1k4C£
/&
Tt4FJ>
rfaui
m^
Date:
Wt. %
11
/O
IO___^
/?
/i
^
-
-
--
HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS Sncc i
V"3~&> Analysn^^v-^dt/^St^
Size Range (In ^m) and Remarks
^^ ' /2- ^ *f ^-s
'Z->?> ~ <£>£>, *f r+
/
2-& ~ Z&.O r~j ^^
f
/£> - J^.V^^-
7
h ' $~ ~ /1?' ^5" A-/ ^^
' /
3.6 -'?, 1 ^ *^
i
247
-------
OCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
Sample: (0*7 c/
Component
MINERALS
Quartz
Calcite
Gypsum
Feldspar
Clay
Mica:
Other:
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
Irregular, Lacy Flyash
Coal Fragments t fflu4$l\
Soot (oil or other)
Burned Wood
Iron Oxicle
BIOLOGICAL
Pollen and Spores
Stellate Hairs
Cel !u1 ose Fibers
Starch
Insect Parts
Other:
MISCELLANEOUS
Rubber Particles
Auto Emissions
A
Vol. %
//
/&
&
*>o
/r
/o
J
fruce
'/7fc
IB
It
z
HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
/£> /)L^ Analyst ^^ /^^Zi^^/kjpJ^^i
Size Range On Mm) and Remarks
t.0- ,$ 0 ^
/
£.0 - 2^.o^^
£ O /£> f- 6>A!»As-'
/.<>'- ^7.0>/M^
/..o" "^>°>obrY*~
l-q.oH1^
/
248
-------
OCA/TECHNOLDGY DIVISION *
i
f
i Sample: (,
/ *J j *?
y f ' (**
- x
HI- VOL FILTER
Date:^/~2-^
ANALYSIS
SHEET
Analyst cQX^Q& -
ji
-f-
T~ ~~ t - - ~
249
-------
t" ; 1 fc. f /.£>'!' n
r
QCA/TECHNOIDGY .DiyiSJON_f.fA
Sample: ^ ^ ^ -^
HI- VOL FILTER
Date: -/ /^ -x^>
ANALYSIS
SHEET
Analyst: <^~-^//.^^^y\_^^^^^!i_J
Component
Vol% Wt.%
Size Range On MM) and Remarks
MINERAI.S
Quartz
CalcJte
; Gypsum
T "" """**" - nML_-w-r.i. _
; Feldspar
Clay
i
Mica:
Other:
I COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
I Spherical Flyash
: Irriigular, Lacy Flyash
Fragments £
(oil or other)
liutued Wood
Lrrn Oxide
BIOLOGICAL
Pollen end Spores
Stellate Hairs
->1lulose Fibers
' Starch
Parts
ther :
3 >O '
MISCELLANEOyS
Rubber Particles
/ "to HmisHions
- 0
2/ e - 33".
i
I-
250
-------
*CA/TECHNOIOGY
DIVISION **
Sample:
£?
/v
HI- VOL FILTER
Date: 43%£>
ANALYSIS
SHEET
"S v?< / _^y
Analyst C^/^^^^CJTT^L
Component
Vot % Wt. %
Size Range (in ym) and Remarks
f
; MINERALS
Quartz
Calcite
' Gypsum
j Feldspar
i Clay
1 Mica:
' Other:
; COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
i - -
irregular, Lacy Flyash
Con! Fragment s^/7^/f5^i
! oot (oil or other)
tiutned Wood
'. ron Oxide
niOLOGICAL
i'ollen and Spores
St t-llate Hnire
:oi lulofic Fibers
' Starch
Innoct Pflrta^J^6 ^
Jther:
MISCELLANEOUS
Rubber Particles
^wtitc Emissions
<5"
^^
^r
^^>
V^
to
<5
/7^a
T^jtx
7^>
T&a
Z
^3
^r
/9
*7
*)
1
f~
-
2 ' / ~ C^> , <5* /W >*-y\.
/
JT ^ 'c^^, f yy ,^^_
f
& '£> ~ ~y 3 > & *t ^Y\
/
i'O -jy.o v^
i i -
/
251
-------
'/'. f- C \lUtfCT ii;i*
'1 I 1o
OCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
Date:
Analyst
Component
VoL% Wt.%
Size Range On ^m) and Remarks
MINERALS
Quartz
Calcite
Gypsum
i ''Vldepar
i ^ 1 } y
Mlru:
Other:
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
1 Irregular, Lacy Flyash
; C&nl Fragments,>
Soot (oil or other)
turned Wood
Lion Oxide
BIOLOG.ICAL
1'oiien and Spores
Sic]lore Hairs
C.e\ i ulose Fib«rs
St urch
Innect Parts
Other:
MISCELLANEOUS
Kubber Particles
. o
252
-------
I V ( '
OCA/ TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION *
Sample: £ y//
HS VOL FILTER
Date: tf-S'^O
ANALYSIS
SHEET
Analyst, <^^;^£^u2JL^t£^
Component
Vol % Wt.%
Size Range On jim) and Remarks
MINERALS
Quartz
; Calclte
Gypsum
Feldspar
Clny
Mica:
! COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
' Spherical Flyash
Irregular, Lacy Flyash
Cofll Fragments
f. oou (oil or other)
burned Wood
\ run Oxide
BIOLOGICAL
. Pollen and Spores
Stellate Hairs
:cl!ulo8C Fibers
Starch
/S
/o
to
2.
/V
-^5 -/f. 0
O"
1$
fn8uct Parts
Other:
rubber Particles
Auto FmissilonB
/ ' / ~ 3o ,
I
.4
253
-------
OCA/ TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
MINERALS
Quartz
r
Calcite
Gyp sum
Feldspar
i Clay
i Mica:
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
; Spherical Flyash
Irregular, Lacy Flyash
Fragments^'/", ,,:
i'Oot (oil or other)
' Mirncd Wood
ion Oxide
BIOLOGICAL
PC 11 en and Spores
25
/o
JO
Stellate Hairs
Cellulose Fibers
St urch
Insect Parts
Other:
MISCELLANEOUS
Rubber Particles
/Aito Emissions
22_
H-
- J^-P^
(, £> t-~f
II
/ 6 -
254
-------
A,,
OCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
Sample:
HI VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
Date:
Component
VoJ.% Wt.%
Size Range (in ptm) and Remarks
MINERALS
Quartz
Calcite
Gypsum
; Feldspar
i Clay
r
32.
J . O ~
Mica:
Other:
i
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
JS
/3
- > O ~
, C>
Irregular, Lacy Flyash
JO
Coal Fragment a * fl
3
10
2ZJL.-.
'out (oil or other)
ourned Wood
Iron Oxide
BIOLOGICAL
/oLlen and Spores
II
; Stellate Hairs
Cel lulose Fibere
^ t n re h
Inject Parts
Other:
MT_SC_ELLANEpyS
Kubber Particles
Auto Emissions
1 L
255
-------
"6 T: ,\
OC A/ TECHNOLOGY CUVISKDN >*>*
i
i, - _ -
f " r
i Sample: b'io'f-
HI- VOL FILTER
Date: ^-/-Sb
ANALYSIS
SHEET
Anatyst ^T^W^gto '
Component
Vol% Wt.
Size Range (In nm) and Remarks
MINERALS
i
! Quartz
!
1 Calclte
; Gypsum
j Feldspar
I
I Clay
1 Mica:
i Oth'.>r:
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyesh
Irregular, Lacy Flyash
Coal Fragments t/
oot (oil or other)
turned Wood
1 ti n Oxide
BIOLOGICAL
*'rj lea and Spores
Stellate Halre
Fibers
'-H arch
Insect Parts
Other:
Rubber Particles
E:nis8ionB
10
jr
/ - C "O , 0
T
+
s±
*? * ' V ix" x-
c^ $__. _~__ <~-g. & +? >^~
r
^,.
i
-'{
256
-------
OCA/ TECHNOLOGY DIVISION *
,1
H!- VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
Sample
£ i 2 V
Date:
-------
I / i r
-------
OC A/ TECHNOLOGY DIVISION *«A
Sampfr ^ ^ / ^
Hi VOL FILTER
Date: i-i~tf&
ANALYSIS
SHEET
Analyst f^/^^^jSjtt^K^
Component
Vol % Wt. %
Size Range (In pm) and Remarks
, Ce3 lulofic Fibers
.St a rch
Parts
0 1 h r r :
.MISCELLANEOUS
Rubber Particles
.MUO E'.nlsHlons
MINERALS
Quartz
Calcite
Gypsum
Feldspar
Clay
Mil a:
nth.r:
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
irregular, Lacy Flyash
"7
Soot (oil or other)
Burned Wood
Lri;n Oxide
P.10LOCICAL
Pollen and Spores
Stellate Hairs
^
JJ-
/Q_
/o
Z6-
/$-
*£
1?uc^
2
3^
?
i
Z.3
/v
5-
__
~
.- J
/ o - '£.
AJT -^^
2. ? - 2^-,
yx/ - i?y
f C---«P
r
-I
259
-------
OCA/ TECHNOLOGY DIVISION *
i """" - - --
[Stmplr. 6V//
Date:
v-
/ ('
H! VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
\-
Component
Vol % Wt. %
Size Range On pm) and Remarks
MINERALS
! Quartz
Calclte
I Gypsum
j Feldspar
Clay
i Mica:
! Other:
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
irregular, Locy Flyash
, C(-i\ i Frngnents fc"
:'0ut (oil or other)
named Wood
iron Oxide
BIOLOGICAL
and Spores
Stellate Hairs
Cellulose Fibers
-it urrh
Insect Parts
Other:
MISCELLANEOUS
Rubber Particles
EtnisHions
to
JO,
&CL
/o
S
/b
Z2L--
" t> '
IS...
.-..j&JL
7' o
IZ
o - 2-1 -0
260
-------
,^>-i /
GCA/TECHNOIOGY DIVISION *
8amp»« bHtC? Date: '
if
11
HI VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
* """ V"/""} 1 AnAlvnt* **"y / /> sr~ xj F~]~~r/^jf*"
Component
Vol% Wt.%
Size Range (w Mm) and Remarks
MINERALS
Quartz
Calclte
Gypsum
Feldspar
j Clay
Mica:
1 Other:
t - -
; COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
! Spherical Flyash
Irregular, Lacy Flyash
i Coal Fragments^
cot (oil or other)
burned Wood
Iron Oxide
i BIOLOGICAL
I
, Pollen and Spores
/o
SO
<5*
"5
y
V
f---H
] It cllate Hal re
Cellulose Fibers
;t arch
.'rim-el Parts
li;er :
MISCELLANEOUS
'.libber Particles
/Liito Emissions
^<2-
-
t
261
-------
GCA/TECHNOIDGY CHVtSiON
HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
D«t«:
Analyst
Component
Vol% Wt.%
Size Range (In urn) and Remarks
MINERALS
Quartz
r
Calcite
Gypsum
Feldspar
Clay
Mica:
Other:
i COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
I Spherical Flyash
1 Irregular, Lacy Flyash
Oca] Fragments
^
iot (oil or other)
turned Wood
! i on Oxl.''
/o
! BIOLOGICAL
i Po,lt.-n and Spores
Stellate Hairs
Jollulose Fibers
Starch
Insect Parts
Other:
MISCELLANEOUS
Rubber Particles
.into Emissions
1 -
4-
262
-------
Sample:
' v. HI- VOL FILTER
^yo
ANALYSIS SHEET
Date: ^"3 <0<3 {Analyst <^t^£^£i<^-£/~£ c£*i~
r.nmnAnMri VoL % Wt. % Size Range (in urn) and Remarks
MINERALS
Quartz
Calclte
G> psum
Feldspar
i Clay
30
33
i Mica:
Othrr:
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
/o
| Irregular, Lacy Flyash
Conl Fragments
Soot (oil or other)
/O
Burned Wood
3^0 - o2/
3- 3 -
O
iron Oxide
I
BIOLOGICAL
Pollen and Spores
Stellate Hairs
Jel ; ulose Fibers
Starch
Insect Parts
Other:
MISCELLANEOUS
Hubbor Particles
..uco Emissions
263
-------
' C
"OCA/TECHNOIDGY DtVlSJON"
Sampto:
Hh VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
Date:
Analyst
Component
Voi.% Wt.%
Size Range (in
Remarks
MINERALS
1 Quartz
Calcite
Gypsum
Kuldspar
Mien:
Other:
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
Irregular, Lacy Flyaah
-Liricd Wood
. r in Oxide
~?'/
<& "0 f £> /
BIOLOGICAL
!o'len and Spores
Stoil ate Hal re
.:»! lulose Fibers
">t arch
Insect Parts
Other:
Rubber Particles
E'.r.issionB
VL
3 res
3
;rs
EOUS
Les
9
J,-'
ftTto
IK Me
3
-
-
*
264
-------
fj
/ 7 3
OCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION *
HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
Sample: ^ 0(, Date: //- / ^o Analyst <_5vy\^>Vi3-ovi2_^/^feJ
Component Vol. % Wt. % Size Range (In Mm) and Remarks
MINERALS
Quartz
Calcite
Gypsum
Feldspar
Clay
Mica:
Other: ^T/d,4<
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
Irregular, Lacy Flyash
t
Coal Fragments fEluc±k
Soot (oil or other)
Burned Wood
iron Oxicle
BIOLOGICAL
Pollen and Spores
Stellate Hairs
Cellulose Fibers
Starch
FnHect Parts
Other:
MISCELLANEOUS
Rubber Particles
Auto Emissions
1 .
r
r
3o
7Z*tt
10
10
(0
^o
ib
TfcCicc.
6
7£#£
6
3V
^
;/
?
Cf
rt
1
-
-
^
'
f.O - tJ-0 >y/xi
/
a -5"- is-o ^>^
*.* IZ.O M*
^.c - 3v 7*0
*3'3 "* «3<5i
-------
OCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
Sample:
3
»«A
Date: 5
HI -VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
j Analyst: ,.
Component
Vol. % Wt. %
Size Range (in |xm) and Remarks
MINERALS
Quartz
Calcl te
Gypsum
Fe] dspar
Clny
Mica:
Other:
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
Irregular, Lacy Flyaah
Coa] F ragmen ta
5 A,
Soot (oil ur other)
Burned Wood
i
i _________.
Iron Oxide
BIOLOGICAL
Pollen and Spores-
Stellate Hairs
17
Cellulose Fibers
Starch
Insect Parts
I Other:
mscjLLANEoys
Ruaber Particles
Auto EinisHionH
_z£_
16
_L_
J
/!
sy
5
266
-------
lOCA/TfcCHNOlOGY DIVISION
Sampte: JV'7
HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
_^~
Date:
Component
Vol. % Wt. %
Size Range (In M"i) and Remarks
MINERALS
Quartz
Calcite
Gypsum
Feldspar
Clay
Mica:
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
Irregular, Lacy Flyash
Coa] F ragmen tst
/o
Soot (oil or other)
^2°-
lu
\ Burned Wood
Iron Ox Id i-
(
BIOLOGICAL
Pollen and Spores
Stellate Hairs
Cellulose Fibers
i Starch
Insert Parts
Other:
h
MISCELLANEOUS
Rubber Particles
Auto Emissions
jr
JL
f
267
-------
OCA/TECHNOtOGY DIVISION
HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
r
£ V
Date:
Component
Vol% Wt.
Size Range On urn) and Remarks
MINERALS
Quartz
o] cite
Gypsum
Fuldepar
Clny
Mien:
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
; irregular, Lacy Flyash
Fragments
i oot (oil or other)
liurned Wood
HIOLOCICAL
o .Iff: and Spores
Stclloie Hairs
;cl lu lose Fibers
' ' t u rch
Insect Parts
Particles
Knilsslons
25"
^o
10
/o
/o
/ t?
/C?
_/!_.
. o
o - y 4 >
-^ZL_^
.^Zl
0
.JL __..].
268
-------
7/3 ?/ 7 8
OCA/TECHNOLOGY DlVISIOh
Sample: ^ ^ /
Component
MINERALS
Quartz
Calclte
Gypsum
Feldspar
Clay
Mica:
Other:
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
Irregular, Lacy Flyash
i
Coal Fragments ^f'^.-jr, -^
Soot (oil or other)
Burned Wood
iron Oxide
BIOLOGICAL
Pollen and Spores
Stellate Hairs
Cellulose Fibers
Starch
Insect Parts
Other:
MISCELLANEOUS
Rubber Particles
Auto Emissions
If**
Vol. %
*5
to
/o
/o
H6
to
"6
ftncc
^
Date:
Wt. %
2,
23
?
7
#7
} /»-
a.
^
/
HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
4~/ ^ - 8^> Analyst ^ ^j&a^ 0 A^fe
Size Range (In Mm) and Remarks
/ 0 - JS, v /w *r\
2.0 JS-C ^^
/
3t> V7 .Q ^m
/
Jo *f3 . O~ ^
/
f ^ /3.0+,^
/
269
-------
OCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION O«A
i
i - , ---.-.,.,--
, Sampwt ^ *y Q o
Date: V-
(s /
HI-VOL FILTEfl ANALYSIS SHEET
]*
Component
Vol% Wt.%
Size Range On /im) and Remarks
MINERALS
Quartz
1 Calclte
r
i Gypsum
1^.
Feldspar
j Clny
i Mica:
! Other:
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
Irregular, Lacy Flyash
i Coal Fragmentsy /"/ ya.
Scot (oil or other)
Wood
! Iron Oxide
j.
BIOLOGICAL
Pollen and Spores
Stellate Hairs
\ OlluloBC Fibers
larch
JriHt'ct Parts
Other:
Rubber Particles
mito Emissions
to
/o
0
.-,_
.J_
uL
7-
?:±_-^ ^±
-^
270
-------
\ i' £ I i
OCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
Hi- VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
Sample:
Date:
'Analyst:
Component
VoL% Wt.%
Size Range (In urn) and Remarks
MINERALS
Qvjartz
" " """"" '"
Calcite
Gypaura
Feldeper
Clny
Mica:
Other:
" " "
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
Irregular, Lacy Flyash
Cnnl Fragment s/^^
! oot (oil or other)
liurucd Wood
1 lun Oxide
BIOLOGICAL
3°
/&
f
If
^o
+5*
33
__ - .
^
5~
23
it
5-
~7
s
' Stellate Hairs
Cellulose Fibers
starch
Parts
itl.er:
MISCELLANEOUS
Hubber Particles
Emissions
271
-------
l/i) / i- t- S (/ ' t-
OCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
sample: t? 7 c. /y^
Soot (oil or other)
Burned Wood
Iron Oxide
Pollen and Spores
Stellate Hairs
Cellulose Fibers
Starch
In.sect Parts
Other:
MISCELLANEOUS
Rubber Particles
Auto Emissions
1
\ *
Vol. %
-6
26
25
*&
Zt>
/O
fact
/o
face
-1"
fa 7
7
75- -fro^
1
272
-------
OCA/TECHNOIDGY DIVISION
Sample: ^Y/P
Component
MINERALS
Quartz
Calcite
Gypsum
Feldspar
Clay
Mica:
&t*WH"- (5/*:>'>
o
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
Irregular, Lacy Flyash
/
Coal Fragments £7 7,4 '<>^
Soot (oil or other)
Burned Wood
Iron Oxide
BIOLOGICAL
Pollen and Spores
Stellate Hairs
Cellulose Fibers
Starch
Insect Parts
Other:
MI SCELLANEOUS
Rubber Particles
Auto Emissions
i
1 A
Vol. %
7,5
<5"
?-o
to
7,0
/o
i
+6
/o
rgAcsi
fitoa'
Date:
Wt. %
Z*l
z.
n
/o
rt
/o
-f"
1
5"
£,
HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS_5HccT
y-^2. tfo Analyst ^^TC^^jzJ^^k^
Size Range (In pm) and Remarks
/-/ - ^2>ti ~Y~>
2> 2 ~ 2 O J *y o
/» o / 3 'O *-t /r\
i
273
-------
OCA/TECHNOIOGY DIVISION
Sampto:
HI-VOL FILTER ANALYSIS SHEET
Date:
Component
VoL % Wt. %
Size Range (In ptm) and Remarks
MINERALS
Quartz
3
Calcite
il*
1 -O - &O , 0
3-
Oypsum
Feldspar
Clay
I
! Mica:
I
I Other:
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Spherical Flyash
/ £> - 2- V' 0
Irregular, Lacy Flyash
2.
Coal
i r'^u
j Soot (oil or other)
10
I Buined Wood
Iron Oxide
BIOLOGICAL
Pollen and Spores
5
i Stellate Hairs
, Cellulose Fibers
' Starch
j.
: Insect Parts
1 other:
>O.SCELLANEOUS
kubber Particles
Auto Emissions
274
-------
APPENDIX D
SUMMARIES OF SYNOPTIC WEATHER CONDITIONS
ON SAMPLING DAYS
2 January 1978
Rapidly moving cold front just east of study area at start of period.
A 1010 mb low north of area deepens and moves northeastward. High
pressure ridge dominates western part of U.S. Light-moderate
westerly surface winds indicated. Overcast with light snow showers
most of day. Little accumulation.
14 January 1978
A 999 mb low near Cape Hatteras at start of period. Moves up Atlantic
Coast during day. Light-moderate northerly winds indicated. Overcast
with snow throughout day. 1.8 inches accumulation.
1 February 1978
A 1033 high centered west of study area at start of period drifts
slowly eastward during day. Ill-defined high pressure area breaks
in two with main center near Cape Hatteras at end of period. Winds
very light and variable. Overcast much of period. Snow showers
early in period. Little accumulation.
7 February 1978
A 984 mb low centered off the coast just east of Philadelphia at the
start of period moves rapidly northeastward during the day. Large
high pressure wedge dominates central part of country. Moderate
northwesterly winds early in a.m. decreasing during the day. Over-
cast much of period. Light snow and snow showers morning and evening.
Light accumulation.
13 February 1978
A 1020 col over area at start of period. Very weak gradient. A
1002 low developing in Oklahoma moves east-northeastward during day
and is just to the southwest of study area at end of period. Winds
shift to northeasterly and increase in speed during day. Overcast
by midmorning. Snow breaks out in early afternoon; 1 in. accumulation.
275
-------
19 February 1978
A 1005 low east of Cape Hatteras at start of period with cold front
crossing Florida. Low deepens and moves east-northeasterly during
day. Weak and poorly defined pressure gradient throughout period.
Few snow showers early a.m. Very little accumulation. Skies clear
by 10 a.m. Some midday cloudiness.
9 March 1978
Eastern U.S. dominated by 1027 high centered over northwest Iowa
during the start of the period, plus 3 weak lows in the southwest.
Low on Gulf Coast deepens to 1005 mb and extends northwestward to the
remains of low in Kentucky during day. Weak gradient over study area
throughout period. No precipitation.
21 March 1978
At the start of the period, a very weak frontal system extends from
the Atlantic onshore at Hatteras, northwestward to point just south
of study area, then westward, then southwestward to Texas. Also, a
weak cold front extends from a 1006 mb low in northern Minnesota to
northern Texas. During the day the two fronts merge and pass the
study area. Wind shifts from southerly to westerly. Brief rain
showers from 1 to 6 p.m.
14 April 1978
High pressure ridge extends from North Dakota and Minnesota to the
Carolinas throughout the period. Gradient weakens as Atlantic low
moves off to the northeast. Light westerly flow indicated. No
precipitation.
26 April 1978
Extensive low pressure area (1008 mb) extends from Florida northwest-
ward into Tennessee at start of period with north-south ridge further
west. Low intensifies, moves northeastward, and is over Hatteras at
end of day. Northeasterly winds indicated. Overcast, but no
precipitation.
20 May 1978
A 1020 high to south of study area with weak cold front extending from
Lake Superior southwestward at start of period. During the day, a
1005 mb low forms on the front, moves eastward north of the Great
Lakes, and the cold front approaches the study area. Southerly winds
increase in speed as front approaches. Increasing clouds. Light
rain in evening.
26 May 1978
High centered near study area all of period. Light, variable winds.
No precipitation.
276
-------
1 June 1978
A 1008 mb low centered in North Dakota at start of period moves to
northern Lake Superior during day. Cold front from this low approaches
study area from west. Associated warm front extends eastward through
Great Lakes, moves southward as a weak cold front and reaches
Pittsburgh at 1300 EST. Light, variable winds indicated.
7 June 1978
Remnants of low in northern Texas, dissapating east-west front
through Carolinas and Tennessee, and a cold front along the Canadian
border at start of period. During the day this cold front moves
southward and extends from Lake Huron to Oklahoma at end of the day.
Light, variable winds at start. Gradient tightens as front approaches
and winds become southwesterly. Precipitation from 6 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Overcast throughout.
7 July 1978
Study area on back side of high centered just off Atlantic Coast at
start of period. Weak frontal system moves eastward during day
reaching Chicago area by end of period. Light south-southwesterly
flow indicated throughout. Haze.
13 July 1978
A 1021 high centered over study area at start of period moves eastward
during day. Cold front approaching from the west reaches northwestern
Ohio by end of period. Light, variable winds at start of period become
southerly and increase in speed. Becomes overcast by midday.
19 July 1978
Study area between two frontal systems throughout period. Weak
gradient and variable winds. Southeast to southwest flow indicated.
25 July 1978
A 1023 mb high centered near study area and remains of stationary
front to the south at start of period. Light southeasterly flow.
Cloudy but no precipitation. During the period the high moves
northeastward and the flow becomes southerly with the approach of
frontal system from the northwest. Weak low forming along Atlantic
Coast.
31 July 1978
East-west frontal system south of study area at start of period.
Overcast with rain showers, fog and haze. Weak low forms on front
and moves eastward. Showers over by midmorning. Variable winds.
277
-------
6 August 1978
High pressure ridge extends northeasterly from Missouri to the Great
Lakes at the start of the period. Stationary front just south of
study area. Rain showers, fog and haze. Cold front approaches from
the northwest and weakens. Low forms on stationary front southwest
of study area during period. Winds light and variable.
12 August 1978
Weak stationary front extends from eastern Pennsylvania westward below
study area to low in Kansas at start of period. Little activity along
front during day. Mostly overcast with haze and fog. No precipitation.
Variable winds.
18 August 1978
North-south ridge line over study area at start of period moves slowly
eastward during the day. Withs its passage, light variable winds
become southerly, but remain light. Clouds increase but no precipitation.
24 August 1978
A 1023 high centered over Virginia at start of period with east-west
front north of study area. Front moves southward but remains north
of the area thoughout the period. Light southwesterly flow indicated.
Increasing clouds, but no precipitation.
30 August 1978
At the start of the period, tropical storm Debbra is located over
southeast Arkansas. Cone frontal system extends northwestward from
southeast Texas to the Atlantic Coast near Washington, passing
slightly below the study area. Also, a cold front over Lake Superior
is moving rapidly southeastward. During the period the remains of
Debbra merges with the first frontal system and approaches the study
area, and the cold front reaches northwest Ohio. Rain and fog through-
out the day. Variable winds.
5 September 1978
A 1020 high centered west of study area at start of period with
east-west cold front north of Great Lakes. Region of high pressure
remains over area throughout period. Light, variable winds.
Clear skies.
17 September 1978
At start of period an east-west front extends from Massachusetts
through study area, then westward. Influenced by the remains of a
north-south cold front advancing from the west, a weak low forms
west of the study area. Flow remains southerly but increases
slightly in speed. Overcast, fog and haze. No precipitation.
278
-------
11 October 1978
High pressure ridge extends southward along east coast throughout
period. Light southerly flow indicated. Increasing cloudiness during
the day with rain shower in evening.
4 November 1978
High pressure ridge extends southwestward over study area throughout
the period. Very light, variable winds. Some fog, smoke, and haze.
10 November 1978
Very weak pressure gradient over study area throughout period.
Light, variable winds. Fog until early afternoon. Some haze. No
precipitation.
28 December 1978
Axis of large high pressure ridge moves eastward over study area
during the period. Light, variable winds.
279
-------
APPENDIX E
CHEMICAL ANALYTICAL METHODS
ANALYTICAL METHODS
All samples for atomic absorption analysis were prepared by a hot acid
extraction; the procedure used is outlined in "General Atomic Absorption
Procedure For Trace Metals In Airborne Material Collected On Membrane Filters"
(Section 822 in Methods Of Air Sampling And Analysis, 2nd Edition, American
Public Health Association). Lead and iron analysis was done by direct flame
AA; Mercury was analyzed by the Cold Vapor method; graphite furnace AA was
used for arsenic and vanadium analysis.
Samples to be analyzed by ion chromatography were prepared by extraction
in hot water.
QUALITY CONTROL RESULTS
All atomic absorption and ion chromatography analyses included quality
control samples. The results of these analyses are shown in the following
sections.
Lead
EPA performance survey samples were analyzed in August 1979, using the
same preparation and analysis procedures used for the samples from this pro-
ject. The performance survey samples are hi-vol filters spiked with a known
concentration of lead. The target range for acceptability set by EPA for
these samples is +10 percent. The results of the performance survey follow.
Sample GCA value EPA value
number (yg/m3) (yg/m3) _% difference
1 3.230 3.530 -8.50
2 12.380 12.860 -3.73
3 5.330 5.830 -8.89
4 7.800 7.930 -1.64
280
-------
Iron
Spiked samples were prepared and analyzed. The results of this analysis
follow.
Sample Reported value Spike
number (yig/ml) (yg/ml) % difference
1 10.1 10.1 +1.00
2 6.6 7.0 -5.71
3 32.5 30.0 +8.33
4 480.0 500.0 -4.0
Vanadium, Arsenic and Mercury
EPA trace metal samples were included with the samples to be analyzed for
Vanadium, Arsenic and Mercury. The trace metal samples were prepared in the
laboratory from EPA concentrates. The trace metal concentrations in the dilu-
ted sample are certified by EPA.
Reported value EPA value
(yg/l) (ug/l)
Arsenic (1) 33.0 26.0
Arsenic (2) 35.0 40.0
Mercury <1.0 0.8
Vanadium 70.0 52.0
In addition, a laboratory quality control sample was analyzed for Vana-
dium. This sample had an accepted concentration value of 3.0 yg/ml; the
value reported by the lab was 2.5 pg/ml. Some difficulty was experienced with
the analysis of the EPA Trace Metal Sample for Vanadium since its concentra-
tion was near the detection limit for that element.
Arsenic analysis by AA presents numerous difficulties; the agreement
shown above between the reported value and EPA value is acceptable in view
of the interferences associated with arsenic analysis by AA.
All atomic absorption analysis was done in duplicate; the precision was
quite good. There was insufficient sample to do duplicate extractions.
ION CHROMATOGRAPHY ANALYSIS
EPA performance survey samples for nitrate and sulfate were analyzed
with the samples from this project. The results of this analysis have not
yet been received from EPA. However, the results of the March 1979 Sulfate-
Nitrate Performance Survey are available. These audit samples were analyzed
using the same methods used on this project. The target range for accepta-
bility established by EPA for this analysis is +15 percent.
281
-------
Sulfate Results
Sample
number
1185
2243
4157
7228
GCA value
33.150
11.700
20.460
23.910
EPA value
(yg/m3)
33.000
12.000
20.400
24.000
% difference
0.45
-2.50
0.29
-0.38
Nitrate Results
Sample
number
0045
1095
3095
5095
GCA value
(yg/m3)
1.35
3.96
10.35
8.85
EPA value
(yg/m3)
1.50
3.60
12.0
9.90
% difference
-10.00
+10.00
-13.75
-10.61
282
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA 905/4-80-007
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
INTERREGIONAL TSP STUDY FOR THE
STEUBENVILLE-WEIRTON-WHEELING
INTERSTATE AQCR
5. REPORT DATE
October 198Q_
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
Kenneth W. Wiltsee, Jr., Frank A. Record
Susan E. Pultz, Frederick M. Sellars
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO,
GCA-TR-80-53-G
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
GCA CORPORATION
GCA/TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
Bedford, Massachusetts
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2538
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region V
230 South Dearborn St.
Chicago, Illinois 60604
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final Report
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The objective of this effort is to assist the states of Ohio and West Virginia
in defining the causes of nonattainment of TSP standards in the Steubenvilie-Weirton-
Wheeling Interstate AQCR. This effort was carried out using microinventories, micro-
scopic and chemical analysis, meteorological studies, and dispersion modeling.
The conclusion of this study is that 24-hour violations of the NAAQS for sus-
pended particulates often occur as a result of emissions from a specific plant or
plants; bringing these plants into compliance with existing regulations should result
in attainment of the short-term secondary standard. Attainment of the annual primary
standard, however, is not likely to occur based only on enforcement of existing
regulations. Control of fugitive emissions and fugitive dust, in addition to
compliance of point source stack emissions, is reguired to meet the annual NAAQS.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
Total Suspended Particulates
Fugitive Dust
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Particulate Composition
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATl Field/Group
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Release Unlimited
21. NO. OF PAGES
297
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Release Unlimited
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)
PREVIOUS EDITION IS OBSOLETE
------- |