United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Municipal Environmental Research EPA-600/8-80-023
laboratory April 1980
Cii Jnniii OH 45268
Research and Development
Carbon Adsorption
Isotherms for
Organics
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
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The nine series are.
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2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
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8. "Special" Reports
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This report has been assigned to the "SPECIAL" REPORTS series. This series is
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This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
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EPA-600/8-80-023
April 1980
CARBON ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS FOR TOXIC ORGANICS
by
Richard A. Dobbs
Jesse M. Cohen
Wastewater Research Division
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
uon
SJ ii«sh ^Dearborn Street
eoeo*
MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Municipal Environmental Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publi-
cation. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
EHVIR0NMENTA& PKC TICTICK AGSTTCt
11
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FOREWORD
The Environmental Protection Agency was created because of increasing
public and government concern about the dangers of pollution to the health and
and welfare of the American people. Noxious air, foul water, and spoiled
land are tragic testimony to the deterioration of our natural environment.
The complexity of that environment and the interplay between its components
require a concentrated and integrated attack on the problem.
Research and development is that necessary first step in problem solu-
tion, and it involves defining the problem, measuring its impact, and search-
ing for solutions. The Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory develops
new and improved technology and systems for the prevention, treatment, and
management of wastewater and solid and hazardous waste pollutant discharges
from municipal and community sources, for the preservation and treatment of
public drinking water supplies, and to minimize the adverse economic, social,
health and aesthetic effects of pollution. This publication is one of the
products of that research; a most vital communications link between the
researcher and the user community.
This laboratory has had a continuing interest in the adsorption of
organic compounds on activated carbon. During the past several years ad-
sorption data have been determined for compounds for which little or no data
are available in the literature.
The recent interest in toxic substances and their treatability by carbon
has created a need for this kind of information. To meet this demand data
from this laboratory have been collected under one cover. A second purpose
of this report is to encourage some uniformity in the testing protocol and
handling of data so that adsorbability data can be compared among compounds.
Francis T. Mayo
Director
Municipal Environmental Research
Laboratory
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ABSTRACT
This research program was initiated with the overall objective of
determining the capability of activated carbon to sorb priority pollutants
and other hazardous organic compounds from aqueous solution.
An experimental protocol for measuring the activated carbon adsorption
isotherm was developed and applied to a wide range of organic compounds.
Methods for treatment of the isotherm data and a standard format for pre-
sentation of results are presented. In the early phase of the study selec-
tion of compounds for testing in the experimental program presented a formi-
dable task. Initial selections were based on the following criteria: (1)
annual quantity produced, (2) critical concentration required to produce
an adverse environmental effect, (3) probability of occurrence in water
or wastewater, (4) persistence in the water environment, and (5) solubility.
During the course of the study the Occupational Safety and Health Admin-
tration's (OSHA) list of regulated carcinogens and the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's Consent Decree list of priority pollutants were develop-
ed. These compounds were added to those previously selected for the experi-
mental phase of the study.
This report covers a period from August 8, 1972, to March 31, 1980.
iv
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CONTENTS
Foreword iii
Abstract iv
Alphabetical List of Compounds vi
Figures and Tables viii
Acknowledgement ix
1. Introduction 1
2. Conclusions 3
3. Recommendations 4
4. Materials and Methods 5
Selection and Source of Compounds 5
Adsorbent 5
Analytical Methods 5
5. Experimental Procedures 7
Preparation of Carbon Slurry 7
Preparation of Test Solutions 7
Validation of Experimental Protocol 8
6. Results and Discussion 11
Treatment of Isotherm Data 11
Presentation of Data 12
Summary of Data 14
7. Isotherms for Individual Compounds 19
References 306
Bibliography 308
Appendices 309
A. Activated Carbon Adsorption Isotherm Protocol 309
B. Published Solubilities of Selected Compounds ..... 315
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Compound
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF COMPOUNDS
Page No. Compound
Page No.
Acenaphthene 20
Acenaphthylene 22
Acetone cyanohydrin 24
Acetophenone 26
2-Acetylaminofluorene 28
Acridine orange 30
Acridine yellow 32
Acrolein 34
Acrylonitrile 36
Adenine 38
Adipic acid 46
Aldrin 42
4-Aminobiphenyl 44
Anethole 46
o-Anisidine 48
Anthracene 50
Benzene 52
Benzidine dihydrochloride 54
Benzoic acid 56
3,4-Benzofluoranthene 58
Benzo(k)fluoranthene 60
Benzo(ghi)perylene 62
Benzo(a)pyrene 64
Benzothiazole 66
alpha-BHC 68
Beta-BHC 70
gamma-BHC (lindane) 72
Bromoform 74
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether 76
5-Bromouracil 78
Butylamine 80
Butylbenzyl phthalate 82
N-Butyl phthalate 84
Carbon tetrachloride 86
Chlorobenzene 88
Chlordane 90
Chloroethane 92
bis(2-Chloroethoxy)methane 94
bis(2-Chloroethyl)ether 96
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether 98
Chloroform 100
bis(2-Chloroisopropy1)ether 102
Parachlorometa cresol 104
2-Chloronaphthalene 106
l-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene 108
2-Chlorophenol 110
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether 112
5-Chlorouracil 114
Choline chloride 116
Cyclohexanone 118
Cyclohexylamine 120
Cytosine 122
DDE 124
DDT 126
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 128
Dibromochloromethane 130
l,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 132
1,2-Dichlorobenzene 134
1,3-Dichlorobenzene 136
1,4-Dichlorobenzene 138
3,3-Dichlorobenzidine 140
Dichlorobromomethane 142
1,1-D i ch1oroethane 144
1,2-Dichloroethane 146
1,2-trans-Dichloroethene 148
1,1-Dichloroethylene 150
2,4-Dichlorophenol 152
1,2-Dichloropropane 154
1,2-Dichloropropene 156
Dieldrin 158
VI
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ALPHABETICAL LIST OF COMPOUNDS (continued)
Compound Page No.
Diethylene glycol
Diethyl phthalate
4-Dimethylaminoazo-
benzene
N-Dimethylm'trosamine
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl phenyl carbinol
Dimethyl phthalate
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Diphenylamine
1,1-Diphenylhydrazine
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
alpha-Endosulfan
beta-Endosulfan
Endosulfan sulfate
Endrin
Ethanol
Ethylbenzene
Ethylenediamine
Ethylenediamine tetra-
acetic acid
bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
5-Fluorouracil
Guanine
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachloroethane
Hexamethy1ened i ami ne
Hydroquinone
Isophorone
Methylene chloride
160
162
164
166
168
170
172
174
176
178
180
182
184
186
188
190
192
194
196
198
200
202
204
206
208
210
212
214
216
218
220
222
224
226
228
230
232
Compound Page No.
4,4'-Methylene-bis-
(2-chloroaniline) 234
Morpholine 236
Naphthalene 238
alpha-Naphthol 240
beta-Naphthol 242
alpha-Naphthylamine 244
beta-Naphthylamine 246
p-Nitroaniline 248
Nitrobenzene 250
4-Nitrobiphenyl 252
2-Nitrophenol 254
4-Nitrophenol 256
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine 258
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine 260
p-Nonylphenol 262
PCB-1221 264
PCB-1232 266
Pentachlorophenol 268
Phenanthrene 270
Phenol 272
Phenylmercuric acetate 274
Styrene 276
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 278
Tetrachloroethene 280
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphtha-
lene 282
Thymine 284
Toluene 286
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 288
1,1,1-Trichloroethane 290
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 292
Trichloroethene 294
Trichlorofluoromethane 296
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 298
Triethanolamine 300
Uracil 302
p-Xylene 304
vii
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FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure Page
1 Percent of equilibrium capacity attained as a
function of time 10
Table
1 Effect of Ethanol on Adsorption Capacity of 2-Chlorophenol . 8
2 Reproducibility of Experimental Protocol 9
3 Summary of Carbon Adsorption Capacities 15
vm
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors gratefully acknowledge the laboratory and editorial
assistance of Michael Jelus. Others who assisted in the laboratory phase
include Richard J. Middendorf, Mary Anne Leugers, Richard A. Fiutem,
Elmer D. Lipp, and Amy Knipschild.
Carcinogenic compounds specified in the text were investigated by
Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute under Contract No.
CI-68-03-2559 and 68-03-2834. Edward G. Fochtman served as Principal
Investigator for both contracts.
IX
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
A vast number of synthetic organic chemicals are being produced by
industry, some of which are introduced into the environment. A measure of
the immensity of the problem can be obtained from the American Chemical
Society's Chemical Abstract Service whose registry of chemicals lists
4,039,907 distinct entities as of November, 1977. New compounds are being
added to the registry at an average rate of about 6,000 per week (1). Of
these, Chemical Abstract Service lists some 33,000 chemicals that are thought
to be in common use, excluding pesticides, Pharmaceuticals, and food addi-
tives. Thus, a large number of synthetic organic chemicals are being intro-
duced into the environment. By 1976 some 1,260 organic chemicals were
reported found or suspected in fresh water (2) and the list is expanding
rapidly as analytical techniques are refined, and surveys are conducted on
streams, industrial, and municipal wastewaters and potable waters.
The presence of synthetic organic compounds in the environment can have
severe adverse effects. These effects include toxicity, carcinogenicity,
mutagenicity, or teratogenicity in man and animals, toxicity to aquatic life,
and degradation of the quality of water for human consumption. Hence, there
is a need to develop control technology capable of removing hazardous organ-
ics from water to prevent further dispersion into the environment. Adsorp-
tion on powdered or granular activated carbon is being increasingly consider-
ed as a method for removal of organic compounds.
While studies on the adsorption of specific organic compounds on acti-
vated carbon are extremely limited when the vast number of chemical entities
are considered, a substantial number of investigations have been reported. A
summary of some of the literature is described below. Linner and Gortner (3)
studied a series of 31 organic acids. More recent studies have investigated
the adsorption of organic compounds of environmental concern. Morris and
Weber (4,5) reported data on the adsorption of phenol, sodium salts of sul-
fonated organics and pesticides. Adsorption of aromatic acids has been
reported by Ward and Getzen (6). Carbon loading values of 300 mg/g of carbon
at a residual concentration of 1 mg/1 have been reported for the herbicide
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (7). Dedrick and Beckman (8) found approxi-
mately 20% less adsorption capacity for the same compound. Weber and Gould
(9) and DiGiano and Weber (10) investigated the adsorption of organic pesti-
cides including related phenols. Freundlich parameters have been reported
for the carbamate insecticides Sevin (1-naphthyl-N- methylcarbamate) and
Baygon (2-isopropoxy-N-methylcarbamate) (11). Bernardin and Froelich (12)
measured the adsorption of aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, DDT, ODD, DDE, Toxaphene
and PCB on activated carbon and were able to achieve residuals of less than
1
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1 ug/1 for each compound in the treated water. Lawrence and Tosine (13)
studied the adsorption of polychlorinated biphenyls from aqueous solution
and sewage. The effect of molecular structure on the adsorption of substi-
tuted benzene compounds was determined by Al-Bahrani and Martin (14).
Argaman (15) compared the adsorption of dichloroethane on three different
activated carbons. Singer and Yen (16) studied the adsorption of phenol,
methylphenol, ethylphenol, dimethylphenol and isopropylphenol on a petroleum-
base carbon. Murin and Snoeyink (17) studied the adsorption of 2,4-dichloro-
phenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol at different pH values and determined the
effect of humic substances on the adsorption capacity. Removal of methoxy-
chlor from potable water was investigated by Steiner and Singley (18).
Adsorption of benzene, toluene, o-xylene and ethylbenzene was investigated
by El-Dib and Badawy (19). Peel and Benedek (20) emphasized the kinetic
factors in a study on the adsorption of phenol and o-chlorophenol. Fochtman
and Dobbs (21) measured the adsorption isotherms for naphthalene, 1,1'-
-diphenylhydrazine, beta-naphthylamine, 4,4'- methylene bis(2-chloroaniline),
benzidine, dimethylnitrosamine, and 3,3'- dichlorobenzidine and described
general procedures for handling chemical carcinogens in the research
laboratory.
Although the literature contains data on adsorption of specific com-
pounds, the experimental techniques and methods of reporting the data are so
varied, that it is difficult to compare adsorbability among compounds. As
a result, a major objective of the present study was to standardize the
experimental procedure as well as the method of reporting results. Under
these conditions, information on adsorption can be compared on a common
basis. A second objective was to provide carbon adsorption data for select-
ed compounds of environmental concern. The approach chosen to describe
adsorption was batch equilibrium carbon adsorption isotherms with the results
plotted according to the Freundlich adsorption equation.
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SECTION 2
CONCLUSIONS
The results of experimental studies on the adsorption of priority pollu-
tants and other hazardous organic compounds have shown that activated carbon
treatment can effectively remove many of these substances from aqueous solu-
tion. Pesticides, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, phenolics,
and substituted benzenes are readily adsorbed by activated carbon. Certain
low molecular weight compounds with high polarity are not amenable to acti-
vated carbon treatment. Compounds in this category include low molecular
weight amines, nitrosamines, glycols, and certain ethers.
The experimental protocol developed for the isotherm testing provides
a simple reproducible procedure for estimating the capacity of activated
carbon for adsorption of specific compounds from aqueous solution. The
data summary containing the Freundlich parameters and the calculated carbon
requirements for granular and powdered carbon treatment simplifies the evalu-
ation of treatability by carbon adsorption.
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SECTION 3
RECOMMENDATIONS
Activated carbon adsorption isotherm testing of specific organic com-
pounds should be continued in order to develop a broader base of information
for assessing the potential of the process for control of toxic or hazardous
compounds. Studies should be directed toward correlation of laboratory
isotherm capacity with column loading in treatment operations. Kinetic
factors for both granular and powdered carbon treatment need to be investi-
gated. Correlation of adsorption capacities with fundamental molecular
properties should be attempted in order to develop the capability to estimate
treatability of compounds for which isotherm data are lacking.
Isotherm data for a variety of different activated carbons should be
developed using a standard protocol for selected compounds in order to com-
pare adsorption capacities with carbon properties.
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SECTION 4
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SELECTION AND SOURCE OF COMPOUNDS
Compounds selected for the present investigation were taken from the
following: (1) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Guidelines
Division list of priority pollutants, (2) Occupational Safety and Health
Administration's list of regulated carcinogens, and (3) a list of special
interest compounds chosen by the authors.
The organic compounds were used as received from the suppliers:
Aldrich Chemical Company, Eastman Organic Chemicals, Chem Service, Inc.,
and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Health Effects Research
Laboratory. Carcinogenic compounds were obtained from National Cancer
Institute's Chemical Repository at IIT Research Institute. In general,
the compounds assayed greater than 95% and were used without correction
for purity.
ADSORBENT
Filtrasorb 300 granular activated carbon, a product of Calgon Corporation,
was used as the adsorbent. The granular carbon was pulverized in a ball
mill and then screened for classification. Only that portion which passed
a 200 mesh (0.0736 mm) screen but was retained by a 400 mesh (0.0381 mm)
screen was used for isotherm tests. The carbon was repeatedly milled and
screened so that practically all of the original carbon was retained as
a powdered sample. After classification the powdered carbon was oven-dried
overnight at 105°C, cooled in a desiccator and stored there until needed
for experimental purposes. A slurry of the pulverized and screened carbon
was prepared in distilled water at an appropriate concentration and the
thoroughly wetted carbon suspension was used in the isotherm tests.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
A variety of analytical procedures were used to analyze samples for
initial and residual concentration of test compound.
Chlorinated volatile compounds were analyzed by purge and trap gas
chromatography as described by Bellar and Lichtenberg (22). A Tenax GC
trap was used in conjunction with a 0.2% Carbowax 1500 on 60/80 mesh
Carbopack C column. Samples were analyzed using a Tracor Model 222 Gas
Chromatograph equipped with a Tracor 310 Hall Electrolytic Detector.
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Aromatic and substituted aromatic compounds were generally determined by
U-V spectroscopy. A Beckman Model 25 Spectrophotometer equipped with auto-
matic sampler was used to obtain a scan of each test compound in aqueous
solution and for the fixed wavelength quantitative measurements.
Solvent extraction - gas chromatography was used for compounds with
limited solubility which were not measurable by U-V spectroscopy or purge
and trap gas chromatography. The method involved solvent extraction of the
aqueous sample with Freon, methylene chloride, or hexane followed by sodium
sulfate drying, concentration of the extract in a Kuderna-Danish apparatus,
and gas chromatography as reported by Austern, et al., (23). Extracts were
analyzed using a Varian Model 3700 gas chromatograph equipped with flame
ionization and electron capture detectors.
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons with limited solubility were analyzed
by fluorescence spectroscopy. An American Instrument Company Aminco-Bowman
Spectrophotofluorometer Model J48960 equipped with Xenon lamp was used for
fluorescence measurements. Excitation and emission wavelengths used for
analytical purposes are presented on the appropriate data forms.
Several low molecular weight compounds were analyzed with a Beckman Total
Organic Carbon Analyzer Model 915B. Samples were acidified and purged for
total organic carbon analysis or injected directly for a total carbon
measurement. The latter was the method of choice for volatile organics
which could not be purged without significant loss of compound.
A more complete description of recommended test procedures for the analy-
sis of priority pollutants has recently been published by the Environmental
Monitoring and Support Laboratory of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (24).
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SECTION 5
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
A general description of the carbon adsorption isotherm procedure used
in the present study is presented in Appendix A. Slight modifications were
required for certain compounds. These will be described at the appropriate
place in the text.
PREPARATION OF CARBON SLURRY
All isotherm tests were conducted using a thoroughly wetted carbon
slurry. The initial slurry was prepared by weighing 50.00 grams of pulver-
ized and screened carbon and diluting to 1.0 liter with distilled water.
Other working standard slurries were prepared by serial dilution of the
original stock. Desired carbon doses were achieved by using dispensing
pipettes of differing volumes. The initial slurry and all serial dilutions
were stored in the dark until needed for isotherm testing.
PREPARATION OF TEST SOLUTIONS
Standard solutions of the compounds were prepared in distilled water
or mineralized distilled water by several methods. Aqueous solutions of
the volatile compounds were prepared by injecting an ethanolic standard
solution into the bottle containing distilled water. The bottle was com-
pletely filled and capped to minimize loss of compound.
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon stock standard solutions were prepared
by injecting a methylene chloride solution of the compound into distilled
water and stirring for one to three days to ensure dissolution. Analysis
of the resulting solution for methylene chloride at the end of the mixing
period indicated complete loss of the solvent. Dissolution of the poly-
nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons was carried out in the dark to avoid photo-
chemical decomposition. Some of the more insoluble polynuclear aromatic
compounds were treated by a modified protocol. Standard solutions were
prepared using coated-glass beads as described by May and Wasik (25).
Each isotherm point corresponding to a single carbon dose required a sepa-
rate standard solution often at a different initial concentration. Since
the initial concentration varied for the series of carbon doses, a modified
data reporting form was developed for these cases.
All pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls were added to the distill-
ed water as an acetone standard solution. Use of an organic solvent facili-
tates the dissolution of the organic compound in aqueous solution. Mini-
mum quantities of acetone were used and no effect on the isotherm was
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expected from the small concentrations of solvent because of the very low
adsorbability of acetone and the concurrently high adsorption of the pesti-
cides.
Several compounds were weighed and added directly to the distilled water
to prepare aqueous solutions. These were mostly solids which were readily
soluble in water. Simple aromatic compounds were added as alcoholic solutions.
VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL
Several aspects of the general isotherm protocol needed to be evaluated
in order to validate the proposed procedures. These included: (1) the effect
of ethanol on the measured adsorption capacity of a compound, (2) rate of
adsorption of compounds to determine whether or not the proposed two-hour
contact time was adequate and, (3) reproducibility of the total procedure.
The maximum concentration of ethanol used in the preparation of the
aqueous test solutions was 0.008 % w/w (78.9 mg/1). In most cases ethanol
concentrations were 0.002 % w/w (15.6 mg/1) or less. Two tests were per-
formed to determine the effect of added ethanol. In the first test an iso-
therm was obtained using ethanol in aqueous solution as the test compound.
The second test determined the effect of the presence of ethanol on the
adsorption capacity of 2-chlorophenol. Results are summarized in Table 1.
TABLE 1. EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF 2-CHLOROPHENOL
Mt.% Ethanol* Added Adsorption Capacity(a)(mg/g) 1/n (slope)
0 61 0.38
0.001 56 0.38
0.010 57 0.39
0.100 58 0.33
*Sp. gr. 0.789
(a) Adsorption capacities are calculated at a residual
concentration of 1 mg/1 in equilibrium with activated
carbon at neutral pH.
The rate of adsorption was investigated using three compounds selected
to represent acidic, basic, and neutral compounds with weak, moderate, and
strong adsorption capacities. The compounds selected were 2-chlorophenol,
diphenylamine and 2-chloronaphthalene. Each compound was tested at a con-
centration of 2.0 mg/1 at one carbon dosage. Carbon dosages-were selected
to remove most of the compound but still leave sufficient residual concen-
tration for analysis by U-V spectroscopy. The resulting data on the
8
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approach to equilibrium are presented in Figure 1.
Reproducibility of the experimental isotherm protocol was determined
by repetitive measurement of the adsorption capacity for 2-chlorophenol at
neutral pH. The results of seven independent isotherm measurements are
given in Table 2.
TABLE 2. REPRODUCIBILITY OF EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL
Isotherm No. Adsorption Capacity*, mg/g
1 62.0
2 63.3
3 52.1
4 52.1
5 53.9
6 56.9
7 60.1
Average 57.1
Standard deviation 4.7
*
Calculated for an equilibrium concentration of 1.0 mg/1 of
2-chlorophenol.
Successful demonstration of the basic protocol was followed by an
extensive program to obtain isotherms for the compounds selected. Isotherms
were obtained on all of the desired compounds, with some exceptions. Those
excluded were (a) compounds which were gases at room temperature, (b) sub-
stances not readily available or not available at reasonable cost, (c)
compounds which exhibited some form of instability in aqueous solution.
In cases where a series of similar or related compounds were listed, enough
members of that class were included in the isotherm study to provide a
basis for estimating the adsorbability of members not actually tested. For
example, not all PCBs and polynuclear aromatic compounds were tested. How-
ever, those that were measured indicate that all of the class are adsorbable.
The results are presented on standardized data forms developed to facili-
tate comparison of adsorption data.
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2-hr contact time
Initial concentration 2.0 mg/l
2-Chlorophenol;20 mg/l carbon dose
Diphenylamine;10 mg/l carbon dose
2-Chloronaphthalene;5 mg/l carbon dose
100
200
300 1000
TIME(min.)
2000 3000
Figure 1. Percent of equilibrium capacity
attained as a function of time.
10
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SECTION 6
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
An attempt to measure an isotherm for ethanol at an initial concentra-
tion of 67 mg/1 showed less than a 10% reduction in residual concentration
for a carbon dose of almost 10 g/1. Therefore, it was concluded that ethanol
was not adsorbed and would not compete for adsorption capacity with the test
compounds.
Although adsorption from an organic solvent has been reported to be
much lower than that obtained from aqueous solution (26) the concentrations
of ethanol used in the present study did not alter the adsorption capacity
of 2-chlorophenol even when ten times the maximum concentration used in the
experimental study was tested as shown in Table 1.
The two-hour contact time specified in the adsorption protocol appears
to be adequate for purposes of comparing adsorption characteristics of dif-
ferent compounds. Percent of equilibrium values for the two-hour contact
time for 2-chlorophenol, diphenylamine and 2-chloronaphthalene were 92%,
91% and 92%, respectively, as illustrated in Figure 1. In these calculations,
equilibrium was considered to be attained after 3,000 minutes, since no
further adsorption occurred between 2,000 minutes and 3,000 minutes of
contact time. A four-hour contact time would result in slightly greater
capacities and may be preferred for some applications. However, other
factors, such as purity of the reagents, photochemical effects, variations
in different lots of carbon, and method of chemical analysis may all con-
tribute to the measured adsorption capacity in a more significant manner
than the additional contact time.
The reproducibility of the total isotherm protocol has been demonstra-
ted to be * 8.2%. The adsorption capacity for 2-chlorophenol (57.1 ^ 4.7
mg/g) at an equilibrium concentration of 1.0 mg/1 illustrates the repro-
ducibility that can be expected. Results from another laboratory have been
reported on several compounds included in the present study using the pro-
tocol presented in Appendix A (27). Results between laboratories were
reproducible with deviations less than +_ 10%.
TREATMENT OF ISOTHERM DATA
The carbon adsorption data were plotted according to the Freundlich
equation. While the equation is empirical it is nonetheless widely used
and has been found to describe adequately the adsorption process in dilute
solution. The Freundlich equation has the form:
11
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X/M = KCf1/n
where:
X = Co-Cf is the amount of compound adsorbed from a given volume
of solution,
M = the weight of activated carbon
C0 = the amount of compound in the untreated solution,
Cf = the amount of compound remaining in the treated water,
K and 1/n are empirical constants characteristic of the compound and
carbon used in the test. Graphically, K is the X/M intercept of the iso-
therm plot at Cf = 1 and 1/n is the slope of the line when the equation is
plotted on logarithmic paper. The intercept is an indicator of adsorption
capacity and the slope of adsorption intensity. The concentration of
adsorbate on the adsorbent in equilibrium with a concentration Cf is
expressed by X/M. In this study X/M was expressed as mg compound adsorbed
per gram of carbon.
Data were fitted to the logarithmic form of the above equation, which
has the form:
log X/M = log K + 1/n log Cf (2)
PRESENTATION OF DATA
The experimental data for each of the compounds tested are summarized
on standardized data forms. Carbon dosages used in the isotherm procedure
are shown on the left hand column along with the initial C0, and residual
concentrations after treatment with pulverized activated carbon. Data are
expressed in mg/1. These values were then used to calculate the amount of
compound removed (C0-Cf) and the carbon loading, X/M expressed as mg/g. The
data were plotted according to equation(2) on logarithmic paper. Linear
least squares regression analysis was used to locate the isotherm line. Some
of the compounds were tested at differing pH's. When pH affected adsorption,
individual lines were drawn to show the effect of pH. If pH had no observ-
able effect on adsorption, all of the data points were plotted and represent-
ed by a single line.
On the first page of the data form for each compound, the molecular
structure, formula and molecular weight are given. The equation of the
regression line was used to calculate the values for the intercept, K, and
the slope 1/n. The K value represents the carbon loading, X/M, in mg com-
pound/gram of carbon at an equilibrium concentration of 1.0 mg/1 of compound.
K values were summarized at this concentration for comparison purposes even
though 1.0 mg/1 exceeded the solubility of several of the compounds tested.
Thus, some K values for the extremely insoluble compounds represent a sub-
stantial extrapolation of the data by as much as two or three orders of
12
-------
magnitude. Available information on the solubility of test compounds is
presented in Appendix B. Also shown on the data form is the correlation
coefficient, r, for the linear regression analysis.
As the Freundlich equation indicates, the loading on the carbon, X/M,
is a function of the equilibrium concentration of organic compound after
carbon treatment. This effect is shown in the next table on the data sheet.
The adsorption capacity in mg/gram for varying equilibrium concentrations
of organic compound ranging from 0.001 to 1.0 mg/1, were calculated from
the equation of the regression line.
The Freundlich equation can be rearranged to calculate the carbon dose
required to reduce any initial concentration of compound to some predeter-
mined residual concentration. If, for the term X, use is made of its
equivalent, C0-Cf, in which C0 equals the initial concentration of organic
compound and Cf the residual concentration, the equation can now be written
as follows:
i/n (3)
Equation 3 can be solved directly for the carbon dose required or the
equation can be rearranged to the logarithmic form:
log (C0-Cf)-log M = log K + 1/n log Cf (4)
Equation 3 is linear when M (carbon dose) is plotted against C0
initial concentration on ordinary coordinate paper. These calculations were
made for a range of initial and final concentrations. The resulting carbon
doses are tabulated in mg/1 for neutral pH in the bottom table of the data
sheet (solution of equations 3 and 4 gives M = grams/liter if C0 and Cf are
in mg/1 and K is in mg/g). For compounds which were essentially non-adsorb-
able, the calculated carbon dosages were considered too high to be practical
and are shown in the table as greater than 100,000 mg/1 carbon.
The tabulated carbon doses represent removals obtainable in a single-
stage contactor. More efficient use of carbon can be realized by multiple
stages of contacting. The carbon dose values are, however, useful for
comparative purposes and to ascertain whether use of carbon is feasible
for removal of a compound.
Data are provided to calculate the carbon dose to reduce any initial
concentration of a compound to any desired final concentration. For example,
consider the following for benzidine. To calculate the carbon required
to reduce a benzidine concentration from 10 mg/1 to 0.1 mg/1 in neutral
solution, equation 4 is used. Values for the constants are taken from the
first page of the data sheets for benzidine. Thus,
log (lO-O.l)-log M = log 220 + 0.37 log 0.1
M = 0.100 g/1 or 100 mg/1
13
-------
The tabulated carbon doses are also useful to illustrate the benefit
of more than one stage of treatment. Consider again the case of benzidine.
To reduce an initial concentration of 10 mg/1 to 0.1 mg/1 in a single stage
requires 100 mg/1 of activated carbon. If removal is accomplished in two
stages; i.e., 10 mg/1 to 1.0 mg/1 in the first stage followed by 1.0 mg/1
to 0.1 mg/1 in a second stage, the carbon dose is 40 mg/1 + 9.4 mg/1 =
49.4 mg/1 of carbon or about one-half the dose required in a single stage
process.
The ultimate number of stages in a carbon adsorption system is achieved
in column operation. Carbon requirements for column adsorption systems
can be estimated from the Freundlich equation. To estimate the granular
carbon requirements for column operation obtain the adsorption capacity
from the isotherm plot for the concentration of compound to be treated.
This capacity designated (X/M)c is the ultimate capacity of the carbon for
the adsorbate at that concentration (C0). This capacity represents the
ultimate loading for a single component solution that can be attained during
granular carbon column treatment, if the column is operated until the adsorb-
ate concentration in the effluent is equal to the influent. Granular carbon
requirement (Gc) can be calculated from the following equation:
Gc = C0 (5)
(X7M)C0
If C0 is in mg/1 and X/M is in mg/g carbon requirements will be in g/1.
Multiplication by 1,000 gives mg/1 and multiplication of that product by
8.337 gives pounds per million gallons to be treated. For example, consider
the case of granular carbon treatment of a solution containing 1 mg/1 of
benzidine (C0 = 1.0 mg/1; X/M = 220 mg/g). Solution of equation 5 yields:
Gc = J__ = 0.0045 g/1 or 4.5 mg/1
220
SUMMARY OF DATA
A summary of the adsorption capacities for all of the compounds tested
(at neutral pH) are shown in Table 3. The values are arranged in descending
order. The constant, K, expressed as mg compound/gram of carbon, corresponds
to the capacity, X/M, when the equilibrium concentration of compound is 1.0
mg/1.
Activated carbon exhibits a broad range of effectiveness in adsorbing
organic compounds. Low molecular weight compounds with polar characteristics
are not well adsorbed, if at all. Pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls,
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, aromatic, and substituted
aromatic compounds were strongly adsorbed on activated carbon. Treatability
of water and wastewater for removal of organics can be evaluated using the
isotherm procedure.
14
-------
TABLE 3. SUMMARY OF CARBON ADSORPTION CAPACITIES
Compound
bis(2-Ethylhexyl)
phthalate
Butylbenzyl phthalate
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
Endosulfan sulfate
Endrin
Fluoranthene
Aldrin
PCB-1232
beta-Endosulfan
Dieldrin
Hexachlorobenzene
Anthracene
4-Nitrobiphenyl
Fluorene
DDT
2-Acetylami nof1uorene
alpha-BHC
Anethole*
Adsorption(a)
Capacity, mg/g
11,300
1,520
1,220
1,038
686
666
664
651
630
615
606
450
376
370
330
322
318
303
300
3,3-Dichlorobenzidine 300
2-Chloronaphthalene 280
Phenylmercuric Acetate 270
Hexachlorobutadiene 258
gamma-BHC (lindane) 256
p-Nonylphenol 250
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene 249
Chlordane 245
PCB-1221 242
DDE 232
Acridine yellow* 230
Benzidine dihydrochloride 220
beta-BHC 220
N-Butylphthalate 220
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine 220
Adsorption U)
Compound Capacity, mg/g
Phenanthrene 215
Dimethylphenylcarbinol* 210
4-Aminobiphenyl 200
beta-Naphthol* 200
alpha-Endosulfan 194
Acenaphthene 190
4,4' Methylene-bis-
(2-chloroaniline) 190
Benzo(k)fluoranthene 181
Acridine orange* 180
alpha-Naphthol 180
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol 169
alpha-Naphthylamine 160
2,4-Dichlorophenol 157
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 157
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 155
beta-Naphthylamine 150
Pentachlorophenol 150
2,4-Dinitrotoluene 146
2,6-Dinitrotoluene 145
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether 144
p-Nitroaniline* 140
1,1-Diphenylhydrazine 135
Naphthalene 132
l-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene 130
1,2-Dichlorobenzene 129
p-Chlorometacresol 124
1,4-Dichlorobenzene 121
Benzothiazole* 120
Diphenylamine 120
Guanine* 120
Styrene 120
1,3-Dichlorobenzene 118
Acenaphthylene 115
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether 111
Diethyl phthalate 110
15
-------
TABLE 3. SUMMARY OF CARBON ADSORPTION CAPACITIES (cont.)
Compound
Adsorption(a'
Capacity, mg/g
Compound
Adsorption(a)
Capacity, mg/g
2-Nitrophenol 99
Dimethyl phthalate 97
Hexachloroethane 97
Chlorobenzene 91
p-Xylene 85
2,4-Dimethylphenol 78
4-Nitrophenol 76
Acetophenone 74
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-
naphthalene 74
Adenine* 71
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 69
Nitrobenzene 68
3,4-Benzofluoranthene 57
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloro-
propane 53
Ethylbenzene 53
2-Chlorophenol 51
Tetrachloroethene 51
o-Anisidine* 50
5 Bromouracil 44
Benzo(a)pyrene 34
2,4-Dinitrophenol 33
Isophorone 32
Trichloroethene 28
Thymine* 27
Toluene 26
5-Chlorouracil* 25
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine 24
bis(2-Chloroisopropyl}
ether 24
Phenol 21
Bromoform 20
Carbon tetrachloride 11
bis(2-Chloroethoxy)
methane 11
Uracil* 11
Benzo(ghi)perylene 11
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 11
1,2-Dichloropropene 8.2
Dichlorobromomethane 7.9
Cyclohexanone* 6.2
1,2-Dichloropropane 5.9
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 5.8
Trichlorofluoromethane 5.6
5-Fluorouracil* 5.5
1,1-Dichloroethylene 4.9
Dibromochloromethane 4.8
2-Chloroethyl vinyl
ether 3.9
1,2-Dichloroethane 3.6
1,2-trans-Dichloroethene 3.1
Chloroform 2.6
1,1,1-Jrichloroethane 2.5
1,1-Dichloroethane 1.8
Acrylonitrile 1.4
Methylene chloride 1.3
Acrolein 1.2
Cytosine* 1.1
Benzene 1.0
Ethylenediaminetetra-
acetic acid 0.86
Benzoic acid 0.76
Chloroethane 0.59
N-Dimethylnitros-
amine 6.8 x 10~5
16
-------
TABLE 3. SUMMARY OF CARBON ADSORPTION CAPACITIES (cont.)
NOT ADSORBED
Acetone cyanohydrin Adi pic acid
Butylamine Choline chloride
Cyclohexylamine Diethylene glycol
Ethanol Hexamethylenediamine
Hydroquinone Morpholine
Triethanolamine
Compounds prepared in "mineralized" distilled water containing the
following composition:
Ion Cone., mg/1 Ion Cone., mg/1
Na+ 92 P04= 10
K+ 12.6 S04= 100
Ca++ 100 CT 177
Mg++ 25.3 Alkalinity 200
(a) Adsorption capacities are calculated for an equilibrium concen-
tration of 1.0 mg/1 at neutral pH.
17
-------
-------
SECTION 7
ISOTHERMS FOR INDIVIDUAL COMPOUNDS
19
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Acenaphthene
FORMULA:
C12H10
MOL WT. 154.21
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
5.3
190
0.36
0.82
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
190
84
37.0
16
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
10
0.01
30
2.4
0.001
60
6.1
0.6
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
5.2
1.2
0.3
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 226 nm.
REMARKS.
20
-------
Acenaphthene
1
1
6
5
4
I '
GO 2
ee.
<
u
1
\ «
2 «
S '
8 »
o
<
t
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Acenaphthylene
FORMULA:
C12H8
MOL. WT. 152.21
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01 ^
0.001
pH
5.3
115
0.37
0.90
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
115
4Q
21
9.0
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
18
0.01
47
4.3
0.001
no
11
1.0
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
8.7
2.n
0.5
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.
REMARKS:
22
-------
z
o
CO
at
u
E
o>
\
O
UJ
ea
O
VI
a
o»
E
«??ffll
100
10
1.0
>oi
IN
1
,--
D:
*
Acenaohthvlene
**
^
^
^x--'
x"*
x-
X*
.X
^*
^--
~iP
^r
1
1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 3 4
~
>
^
789
3 4 5 6 7 (
1
0.001
bro'i " o.i i.o
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf)r mg/l
10
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
75
100
P"= 5.3
C, C0-Ct-X X/N(
0.790
0.392
0.191
0.0039
0.004E
0.002E
0.0028
0.398
0.599
0.786
0.786
0.788
0.787
79.6
59.9
31.4
15.7
10.5
7.87
PH=
Cf C0-Ct=X X/to
PH=
Cf C0-C{=X X/N(
23
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Acetone cyanohydrin
N
III
H C H
I I l
c-c-c
I t I
H OH H
- H
FORMULA:
MOL. WT.
85.11
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
pH
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
C0. mg/l
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Organic Carbon
REMARKS: Not adsorbed
-------
COMPOUND: Aretone cyanohydrin
o
a
at
E
o>
Q
UJ
eo
at
O
«/»
O
<
o>
E
1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34
S 6
1 2
3
4
6 7 j
1
RESIDUAL CONG (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
isn
200
PH= 3.01
Cf C0-C,=X X/M
11.4
n.o
17.2
13.4
16.2
20.5
13.0
10.6
PH= 7.03
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10 2
9.4
9.2
in.?
14.4
l?,fi
9,8
9.0
PH= 8.97
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
11 ft
10.2
10.0
8 6
9.0
fi.fi
ft R
9.4
25
-------
COMPOUND: Acet°Phenone
STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
MOL WT.
120.H
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
All data pooled
74
0.44
0.97
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
200
74
27
9.8
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, rng/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0-T
34
0.01
TOO
9,2
0.001
230
28
2.5
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
14
3.7
1.0
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopv 244 nm
REMARKS:
26
-------
1
I
4
Z 3
0
eo ,
« 2
_ i
c i
J-. 1
a °
^v b
0
1U 4
CO ,
Of. 3
O 2
a
o> 1
e
C 7
^*
^
X
I
0
,10,"^
1000
100
10
.01 2
LO_
3
4
c
(
^'
b8:
^-^
^^
Y 2
^x-
^
3
A
k*
4
^
1
3 £
^
'91
^B
}1 2
.0
^
-
4
^
-
(
1
\
8
1
V^
\
91 /
0
^
4
c
e
8
LOO
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
25
50
100
200
PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.30
9.80
9.50
6.58
4.15
1.82
0.50
0.50
0.80
3.72
6.15
8.48
9.80
200
160
149
123
85
49
PH=7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
in.?n
9.10
8,35
6.33
3.65
1.52
0,36
1.10
1.85
3.87
6.55
8.68
9.84
220
185
154
131
87
49
A pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
in nn
9.25
8.45
fi.sn
3.48
1.30
0.3fi
1.25
?.ns
d ?n
7.02
9.20
in. 14
250
?05
IfiR
140
92
51
27
-------
COMPOUND: Z-AcetylannnoTluorene
STRUCTURE:
H
i
H~ C-
1
H
FORMULA: 15 13
O
II
c-
H
1
M "t^^i^^Yr^i
LV-/J ^^
MOL WT 222.28
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
7.1
318
0.12
0.94
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
318
240
180
140
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
nm
0.1
3.7
0.01
5.4
0.5
0.001
7.2
0.7
o nfi
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
3.1
0.42
0.06
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 270 nm
REMARKS: OSHA regulated carcinogen
28
-------
COMPOUND:
jn.nnn
2-Acetvlami nof1uorene
Z
o
CQ
at
<
u
E
o>
CO
Of
O
O)
E
i,ooq
inn
10
oibi. 2 3 4
2 3
2 34567
I96o
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
7.5
10
15
25
35
50
pH= 7.1
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.02
8.20
7.05
6.20
3.55
1.28
0.32
0.032
1.82
2.97
3.82
6.47
8.74
9.70
9.99
364
396
382
431
350
277
200
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
29
-------
COMPOUND: Acridine orange
STRUCTURE:
HCI
FORMULA:
C17H19N3.HC1
MOL WT.
301.82
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
pH 3 and 7 pooled
180
0.29
0.97
9.0
210
0.38
0.99
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
350
180
91
46
500
210
88
37
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
9.9
0.01
21
1.9
0.001
42
4.2
0.38
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
5.6
1.1
0.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD:Visible Spectroscopy 492 nm
REMARKS.
30
-------
COMPOUND: Acridine orange
1
7
6
5
4
§ '
00 2
oc
0
1
s
S '
8
O
1 i
.. 6
<' 4
2
1
in nn
1000
100
i
i *\^
10
p
^
^
$ i
^
^^~
V
1
--
U.X*
1
1
J
f ,
1 1
^-^
^
^^
**
&
&
'
-'
A ^
,-^
--
^
V
^
^**
*^
*
J
'
i^
f
^^*
*
.--^
2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34 67891
1 01 i Q in 10°
RESIDUAL CO>IC. (Cf), mg/l IU
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
100
150
200
PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.59
7.78
6.71
3.38
0.04
0.02
0.01
1.81
2.88
6.21
9.55
9.57
9.58
362
288
248.
96
64
48
pH=7>0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.29
7.35
6f74
3.14
0.06
0,08
0.03
1.94
2.55
6.15
9.23
9.21
9.?fi
388
255
246
92
61
4fi
A pH= 9>0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
8.36
6.56
4.74
1.22
0.07
0.03
0.02
1.80
3.62
7.14
8.29
8.33
8.34
360
362
286
83
56
42
31
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Acridine yellow
HCI
FORMULA:
MOL WT. 273.77
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1 0
0 1
0.01
pH
3.0
210
0.14
0.72
ph 7 and 9 pooled
230
0.12
0.88
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
290
?in
l^n
110
300
?30
1RD
135
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
5.1
0.01
7.4
0.67
0.001
9.9
0.98
0.09
C0, rng/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
4.3
0.6
0.1
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 264 nm
REMARKS:
32
-------
COMPOUND:
10,000
Acridine yellow
I 111
o
03
fi£
U
E
o>
00
Of.
O
0>
E
1000
10
0.01
3 4 5 6 7J9.
c?.91
Z 3 4 5 6 7 A 91
4 567 f6
RESIDUAL CONC (Cf), mg/l
3 456 891
100
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
15
25
35
50
pH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.01
9.06
8.51
7.49
6.16
4.55
2.72
0.30
0.95
1.50
2.52
3.85
5.46
7.29
9.71
380
300
252
257
218
208
194
pH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.54
8.67
8.17
7.08
5.06
2.84
0.83
0.11
0.87
1.37
2.46
4.48
6.70
8.71
9.43
348
274
246
299
268
248
188
A pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
8.82
7.97
6.25
4.61
2.60
1.01
0.14
0.85
2.57
4.21
6.22
7.81
8.68
340
257
281
249
223
173
33
-------
COMPOUND: Acrolein
STRUCTURE.
H2C= CMC
\
H
FORMULA:
C3H40
MOL. WT. 56-06
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
5.2
1.2
n.fiR
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
5.2
1.2
0.26
0.06
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
3,500.
0.01
17,000
1,500
0.00,1
76,800
7,600
690
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
860
380
170
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
'ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Carbon
REMARKS.
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
ro
O
«
O
o
o
\3
^J
CT>
CO
~J
en
^4
00
00
o
o
o
-^
1
-xl
OJ
en
en
CTl
CO
en
Ol
en
O
0
O
<-D
en
00
eo
o
~vj
en
CTl
en
IT-
r0
o
o
r>o
rv>
4i
^
-vl
10
ro
00
LO
3^
O
O
0
CO
o
oo
o
o
o
eo
o
o
CO
en
O
o
CO
-f^
i£>
00
en
en
o
^i
o
o
-f=>
o
eo
CO
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
n
*«
r>
o
i
I
_n
~7i
x
X
\
5
r>
^%
o
o
n
^»
n
X
X
\
s
n
0
o
i
_r>
~7i
X
X
^
3
o
z
II
en
[\D
o
X
II
T>
X
II
fxj
.b.
J~~*
70
m
o
C ^
f-. e/i
crv
n -
os;
n
T*» *"
3
(Q
_| OD
O <*
o -
l-^f
o»
o«
o-
^~'
\
\
s
^
s
Sj
o
1
It
A
\
1
1
8
o
3
o
O
C
z
- a
Acrolein
-------
COMPOUND: Acrylonitrile
STRUCTURE:
H
FORMULA:
C3H3N
MOL. WT.
53.06
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.8
1.4
0.51
0.99
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
1.4
0.42
0.13
0.04
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
2,200
0.01
7,700
700
0.001
25,000
2,500
230
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
710
240
80
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Carbon
REMARKS:
36
-------
(jg^t POUND:
Acrylonitrile
O
CD
ee
E
o>
CO
at
O
V)
O
O)
E
X
o
10.
1.
0.1
.^
x1
^
X
|x
*
f
|B
^^
f*r
.4
X^
P^>
^1
_
1
^
1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567
1 1. 10.
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
«
66. 2 3 4
6 8
0
00
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1,000
?,noo
5,000
10,000
20,000
PH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
48.70
40.85
31.77
17.86
8.68
2.98
7.85
1K.Q3
30.84
40.02
45.72
7.85
ft 47
6.17
4.00
2.29
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/to
PH=
Cf C0-C|=X X/M
37
-------
COMPOUND.
STRUCTURE:
Adenine
N
FORMULA.
MOL. WT. 135.13
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1 0
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0
38
0.38
0.97
pH 7 and 3 pooled
71
0.38
0.96
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
91
3ft
16
6.5
170
71
30
12
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
30
0.01
80
7.3
0.001
190
19
1.7
CQ, mg/l
1
n
0
.0
.1
.01
14
3.
0.
4
8
fa) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 261 nm
REMARKS:
38
-------
COMPOUND:
innn
Adenine
O
to
u.
<
u
E
o»
oe.
O
o»
E
>*
X
J
<
1
i
i
\
»
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
II
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
100
10
1
^
^
*
.^-
*
^
4*.
X
-*
1 f
*
^*
11 1
-r^
^
^^-
^^
.x
>
xl'
«'l
2 34567891 2 34567891 2 6
0.01 0.1 1.0
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
I 1 1
flU^
r 1
9 2
10
3 4 5
671 1
100
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200
PH=3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/to
9.88
9.45
8.94
7.92
5.93
3.98
1.97
1.50
0.43
0.94
1.96
3.95
5.90
7.91
8.38
86
94
78-
79
59
53
42
P»= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
in, nr
9.00
8.42
fi 41
?,
-------
COMPOUND: Adlplc acid
STRUCTURE:
o o
II II
C-(CH )-C-OH
FORMULA:
MOL. WT. 146.14
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0
20
0.47
0.60
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
59
20
6.9
2.4
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
130
0.01
430
39
0.001
1300
130
12
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0 01
50
15
4.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at pH. 3
ANALYTICAL METHOD:Total Organic Carbon
REMARKS:
-------
COMPOUND:
Adipic Acid
O
eo
E
o>
O
tu
CO
O
O
O)
E
innn
100
10.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 «
S
^"
s*
*s
tJ
*
4.
ml^
^*
.-**
r*
V
^
X
191 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891
.0 10. 100. 1000
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
10
25
50
100
150
200
PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
26.4
25.2
24.4
22.7
18.3
16.7
12.2
1.20
2.00
3.70
8.10
9.70
14.2
120
80
74
81
64.7
71
PH=7.00
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
26.4
27.2
25.2
24.0
25.2
?1.6
23.6
PH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
26
24
25.6
24.8
24.4
?4.4
22.8
k\
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Aldrin
FORMULA: C12HSC16
MOL. WT.
365.0
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
5.3
651
0.92
0.97
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
651
79
9.5
1.2
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
11
0.01
no
9.7
0.001
880
88
8.0
Co-
1
0
0
mg/l
.0
.1
.01
1
1
1
.5
.3
.1
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - G.C.
REMARKS:
1*2
-------
CJOMPOUND:
Aldrin
i
E
5
4
3
2
1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
o.t
10
1.0
0.1
^
V
^
X
X
y
m
i/
^
p
ioooi2 3 4 5b7.5yoi 2 3 4 567Ooi 2 J ' SS7fl
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
X
J
^
91. 2 34 6 ' ,|
.01 0.
'
o
CO
at
E
o>
O
LU
£0
O
o>
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
PH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
0.023
0.011
0.0061
0.0042
0.0035
0.0018
0.0014
0.0012
0.012
Oj0169
0.018?
0.0195
0.0212
0.0216
0.0218
12.0
6.76
3.76
2.60
2.12
1.73
1.45
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
-------
COMPOUND: 4-Aminobiphenyl
STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
C12H11N
MOL WT. 169.12
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
7.2
200
0.26
0.96
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
360
200
no
61
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
8.2
0.01
16
1.5
0.001
30
3.0
0.3
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
5.1
1.0
0.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 273 nm
REMARKS: OSHA regulated carcinogen
-------
o
co
c*
E
o»
o
ui
CO
O
o
o»
E
COMI
10. OC
l.OOC
100
10
POUND:
0
.--
~^
4-Aminobiohenvl
-*
* *
.,-»
Ik
-1
p-
tf *
,*--
^-
«
1
u*
1 nm i 3456J8JJ 2 34567891 2 3456
UUI 0.01 o.l
1
- -J
^~^-
^~*
-
1=
.
1-
891 2 456781
1.0 10
RESIDUAL CONC (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
n
5
10
25
37.5
50
75
100
150
200
pH= 7.2
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9,80
8.30
6.50
4.20
0.70
0.46
0.115
0.05
0.017
0.010
1.50
3.30
5. fin
9.10
9.34
9.69
9.75
9 783
300
33f)
224
243
187
129
98
65
49
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
-
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
-------
COMPOUND: "netnuie
STRUCTURE:
H
I
H-C-
H
CinH190
FORMULA: '0 12
H H
I 1
C=» P u
\v.
H
i
)>O-C - H
-/ I
H
MOL WT 148
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. cng/l
10
1 n
0.1
0.01
PH
All data pooled
300
0.42
0.99
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
780
:inn
no
43
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
8.0
0.01
23
2.1
0.001
61
6.1
0.55
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
3.4
0.9
0.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 256 nm
REMARKS:
1*6
-------
UNO: Anethole
I
e
5
4
3
2
I
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
o.c
1000
100
r*
^
10
^<
^"
^
P^"^
|
k
i
^
'
^
x'
^^
X
|
^'
^
A.
rV
T
u
T
^^*
*
2 34567891 2 34567891 2 3456791 2 3456781
n n i in in \w
" U-i RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l IU
O
co
u
E
O)
^>,
O
ui
co
O
O
0)
E
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5.0
in
25
50
100
PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
8.60
6.78
5.47
3.37
0.90
0.28
1.82
3.13
5.23
7.70
8.32
728
626
523
308
166
PH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
8.55
7.75
7.17
5.55
3.70
0.95
0.23
0.05
0.80
1.38
3.00
4r85
7.60
8.32
8.50
800
552
600
485
304
166
85
A pH= g>0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
8.23
7.45
6.78
5.25
3.50
1.03
0.25
0.78
1.45
2.98
4.73
7.20
7.98
780
580
596
473
288
160
-------
COMPOUND: 0-Anisidine
STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
CyHgNO
MOL. WT. 123.15
FREUNOLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
in
i n
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0
20
0.41
0.99
pH 7 and 9 pooled
50
0.34
0.99
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
52
7.8
3.0
110
50
23
10
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
39
0.01
95
8.6
0.001
210
21
1.9
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
20
4.4
1.0
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 232 nm
REMARKS.
-------
0-Anisidine
9 ADSORBED / gm CARBON
* rv w te is* «>-*ja»i0-~* rsj u» * (^» o>vjo»to >
p
6 7
-. 6
< 5
< ,
X
3
2
j
innn
100
10
1.
^
" ' " j^
^-
x^
-*
*
**
J
"'
ir
, **
^
M
*^
r^V
+**
^^
+-
r n
I
^
n
L
pf
rm
^
_
,
r|
r
i
L
Hf
M
n 1
,-
1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 3456789 2 345678
0.01 0.1 J.O 10. 100
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
pH 7
pH 3 pH 9
0 0
10 5
25 10
50 25
100 50
150 100
200 150
400 200
PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/Ni
9.85
8.60
7.70
5.55
4.25
3.23
1.30
1.25
2.15
4.30
5.60
6.62
8.55
50
43
43
37
33
22
PH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.60
8,65
7.15
4.92
2.68
1.32
0.65
0.95
?.45
4.68
2.92
8.28
8.95
95
98
93
69
55
45
A pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.55
9.00
8.50
4.85
2.75
1.25
0.75
0.55
1.05
4.70
6.80
8.30
8.80
no
105
94
68
55
44
-------
COMPOUND.
STRUCTURE:
Anthracene
FORMULA:
C14H10
MOL. WT.
178.24
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
o.m
0.001
pH
5.3
376
0.70
0.99
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
376
75
15
2.9
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
12
0.01
67
6.1
0.001
340
34
3.1
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
2.7
1.3
0.7
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.
REMARKS.
50
-------
1
9
1
7
6
5
4
5 '
| '
J
r '
: 1
"B '
W 7
x 6
3 «
2 >
{ '
t
? '
E '
6
E *
4
3
2
t
0.00
w
10
1,0
0.1
>OL
Nl
X
D:
X
Anthracene
7
7
/
S
_ X
V
((
Sf
/
/
,/
s
s
'001 2 3 4 b.6d(J(31 2 3 4 5os.6b
RESIDUAL CC
x
V
'
X
;
^1
^
1
^
/
/
x
I 34 6789 2 34567831
1 0.01 0.1
>NC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0 f
0.2 (
0.5 (
1 (
5 (
7.5 (
10 (
pH= 5.3
C, C0-Cf=X X/to
i.nnR?i
.00397
1.00222
.00118
1.00027
1.00011
1.00009
0.00124
0.00299
0.00403
0.00494
0.00510
0.00512
6.20
5.98
4.03
0.988
0.680
0.512
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/to
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/tA
51
-------
COMPOUND.
STRUCTURE:
Benzene
FORMULA:
MOL WT.
78.12
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10.0
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
5.3
1.0
1.6
0.97
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
40
1.0
0.03
0.0007
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
35.000
0.01
>100.000
>100,000
0.001
>100.000
>100,000
> 1,00. 000
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
980
4,000
14,000
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 254.6 nm.
REMARKS:
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
o -
_
to
^J
o
*
o
J
cn
bo
00
oo
UD
cn
»
cn
bo
i
^^
o
-fs»
"-1
>»»J
CO
<»
ro
i
CO
cn
ro
CO
-vi
ID
*
o
oo
{&
cn
10
--4
-
ro
cn
cn
&
oo
o
£
.
00
o£
rn ^"
09
3 O
^
n
^*
o
o
1
-£
X
X
^^
5
n
o
o
ii
X
X
\
n
n
o
o
n
X
X
^
o
^£
n
cn
oo
o
X
ii
o
X
II
_J
oo
B-J
o
2 -
m
to
Ow
C ..
>
^"
^N _
«
Zo-
n
"n ^
^^
3
WA.
^.
Oco
O *0
__J
o "j
J
^
s
s
\
^
|
r
0
'V
*^
Jl
s
^-
^
1
^
>
»,
o
o
v
(
§1
o;
(
(
"
^
3
v
D
C
Z
(J
U3
n>
N
fD
3
n>
-------
COMPOUND- Benzidine dihydrochloride
STRUCTURE:
HCI
HCI
FORMULA:
MOL. WT. 257.16
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0
110
0.35
0.97
pH 7 and 9 pooled
220
0.37
0.97
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
250
no
51
23
520
220
97
42
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
nm
n i
9.4
0.01
24
2.2
0.001
58
5.7
0-52
CQ. mg/l
1.
0.
0.
0
1
01
4.
1.
0.
5
0
2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 277 nm
REMARKS: OSHA regulated carcinogen,
-------
o
CD
E
a
CO
oc
O
VI
a
at
E
«?»
innn
i
TOO
10
>OUND
^*
*
Benzidine dihydrochloride
~~^
G L _
,..-"
t e
-i^*'
'
4
^
x^
JC
^x
-^
^
--C -
.^-
.^>
-^
«
^-
-^
x^
j
** 1 1
- *
2 34567891 2 34567891 2 3457
01 01 '
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
1 f^'
t
5
1
f
91 234
10
5
678
100
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200
pH=3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.99
8.73
7.92
5.3fi
1.80
0.34
0.23
0.16
1.26
2.07
4.fi3
8.19
9.65
9.76
9.83
252
207
185
164
97
65
49
pH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.78
7.33
5.83
P.Rfi
0.25
0.08
0.05
0.03
2.45
3.95
7.22
9.53
9.70
9.73
9.75
490
395
289
191
97
65
49
A pH=9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.78
7.46
5.90
2.54
0.23
0.08
0.06
2 32
3.88
7.24
9.55
9.70
9.72
464
388
290
191
P7
65
55
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Renznic acid
-OH
FORMULA:
C7Hfi°?
MOL WT 122.12
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
I/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
3.0
51
0.42
n.99
7.0
0.76
1.8
0.91
9.0
0.0008
4.3
0.86
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, rng/gm
130
51
19
7.3
54
0.76
0.01
0.0002
21
0.0008
-
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. rng/l
1.0
n i
0.01
0.1
85,000
0.01
> 100, 000
> inn. ooo
0.001
> 100, 000
> 100.000
> 100, 000
CQ. rng/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
1,300
9,300
67,000
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 223 run
REMARKS:
-------
C^POUND:
Benzole acid
Z
O
OQ
u
E
CO
oc
O
100
.,
10
1.0
3 4 567891
5 67891
3 4 5 67891
234 56789
0.1 1.0 10
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
100
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200
P»= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.45
9.79
9.19
7.58
4.85
2.78
1.47
0.92
0.66
1.26
2.87
5.60
7.67
8.98
9.53
132
126
115
112
77
60
48
PH=7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.45
10.10
9.92
9.46
8.60
7.36
6.51
0.35
0.52
0.99
1.85
3.09
3.94
70
53
40
37
31
2fi
* »H= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
in 46
10.30
10.19
9.95
9.78
9.20
8.R3
8.17
0.16
0.27
0.51
0.68
1.26
1 fil
2.29
32
27
20
14
12
11
11
57
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
3,4-Benzofluoranthene (Benzo(b)fluoranthene)
FORMULA:
C?0H1?
MOL. WT.
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
n.m
0.001
pH
7.0
57.0
0.37
0.94
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
57
24
in
4.3
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
n m
0.1
37
0.01
95
8.7
0.001
230
22
2.0
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
18
4.2
1.0
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Fluorescence: excitation 298 nm; emission 440 nm.
REMARKS: Modified protocol used for isotherm due to limited solubility.
-------
1
I
6
5
4
I '
£ 2
<
u
1
° 4
LU
S '
2 .
Q
<
1
s !
<" 4
i
3
2
1
O.QQ
COMPOUND:
10
1.0
0.1
3,4-Benzofluoranthene (Benzo(b)fluoranthene)
j*^*"
-x^
^
k-
-^
I
*-
^
^-^
*'
^^
""
Ji
1
1
^<
^*
.^
booi 2 3 4 d.56661! 2 3 4 d.b66V 2 3 4 5 b'.SS1! 2 3 6d.'
cn
RESIDUAL CONG (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0.14
0.14
0.29
0.29
0.43
0.43
0.72
0.81
C0 x 103
1.20
1.00
1.18
1.29
i nn
1.00
1.20
1.21
Cf x 103
0.583
0.483
0.37?
n d?n
n i^n
n.17?
0.064
n nan
C0-Cf=X
n nnnfii7
0.000517
n.nnnRna
0.000807
n.nonaso
n.nnnspft
0.001136
n nnn?n
X/M
4.41
3 fiQ
? 7Q
?.7fl
1.98
1 Q?
1.58
1.44
59
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Benzo(k)f1uoranthene
FORMULA:
C20H12
MOL. WT.
252.32
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
Vn
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
7.1
181
0.57
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
180
48
13
3.5
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
18
0.01
76
6.7
0.001
280
28
2.6
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
5.5
2.1
0.8
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Fluorescence; excitation 302 nm; emission 415 nm.
REMARKS- Modified protocol used for isotherm due to limited solubility.
60
-------
MPOUND:
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
o
oo
E
o>
o
ui
ao
O
Q
O)
E
1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
0.
1.0
0.1
0.01
,
x"
^S
'^
^
^
^
^
x1
P
I'
^
V
C"
x"
X
f
^
oooorfi 3 4 b.Wdoi 2 3 4 56.7dd6i 2 3 4 5(5.o'di 2 3 4
M.!
di
RESIDUAL CONC (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0.14
0.15
0.28
0.29
0.42
0.74
0.75
1.49
C0 x TO3
0.397
0.377
0.471
0.358
0.391
n.34Q
0.337
n.3fiR
Cf x TO3
0.194
0.182
0.164
0.095
0.065
n.n?i
0.021
n m i
C0-Cf=X
0.000203
0.000195
0.000307
0.000263
n.nnn.i2fi
n nnm?p
0.000316
n nnnw
X/M
1.45
1.30
1.10
0.91
0.78.
n 44
0.42
n .?4
61
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Benzo(ghi)perylene
FORMULA: 22 1
MOL. WT.
276.34
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
n.m
0.001
pH
7.0
10.7
0.37
0.92
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
10.7
4.6
2.0
0.85
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
200
0.01
510
46
0.001
1200
120
11
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
93
22
5.0
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD- fluorescence: excitation 293 nm; emission 418 nm.
REMARKS: Modified protocol used for isotherm due to limited solubility
62
-------
COMPOUND
Benzo(gh1)pery1t-ne
O
co
E
o>
O
iu
GO
O
O
o>
E
^
X
1.0
0,1
0.01
^:
^
«
>'
-'"
^
*^
^
,-*
**^
1
,
I
> ^^
--^"
^11
x^"
^B *
^
^
^
1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 345678
*"
1
3 45678 1
0.000001 0.00001 0.0001 0 001
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l '
0.01
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0.141
0.143
0.146
0.156
0.308
0.303
0.448
0.454
*x!03
Co*
0.353
0.157
0.306
0.113
0.120
0.076
0.096
0.087
,
Cf*
0.267
0.090-
0.246
0.071
0.039
0.013
0.016
0.015
C0-Cf=X *
0.086
0.067
0.060
0.042
0.081
0.063
0.080
0.072
X/ff
0.610
0.469
0.411
0.269
0.263
0.208
0.179
0.158
63
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Benzo(a)pyrene
FORMULA.
MOL. WT.
252.30
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
7.1
33.6
0.44
0.90
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
34
12
4.5
1.6
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
n.m
0.1
74
0.01
L. 220
20
0.001
621
62
5.6
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
29
8.3
2.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Fluorescence: excitation 298 nm; emission 405 nm.
REMARKS: Modified protocol used for isotherm due to limited solubility.
-------
O
CD
E
o»
O
UJ
CO
C*
O
o>
E
COMPOUND:
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
,
x-
Benzo(a)ovrene
,**
^^
s*
rl
^
«*
i
1 1.
»
i
^>
_^>^
.^
i
^x
X
,*>
1 2 34567891 Z 34567891 2 3456
1*
*
'
89 2345
6 7 «
0.000001
0.00001 0.0001 °'001
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
0,01
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
1.2
1.2
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.0
C0 x 103
1.60
1.38
1.40
2.05
1.47
1.35
Cf x 103
0.32
0.20
0.017
0.080
0.070
0.030
C0-Cf=X
0.00128
0.00118
0.00138
0.00197
0.00140
0.0013?
X/M
1.067
0.983
0.354
0.505
0,350
0.330
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Benzothiazole
6rf
C7HCNS
FORMULA: 7 b
MOL. WT.
135,19
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
i _n
n.i
0.01
pH
All data pooled
120
0.27
0.96
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
230
120
65
35
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
14
0.01
28
2.5
0.001
52
5.2
0.47
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
8.2
1.5
0.3
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 251 nm
REMARKS.
66
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
ro
o
o
o
0
CO
en
00
-P.
00
cn
o
o
00
to
^P.
co
CO
O
o
en
10
00
o
cn
cn
o
«
o
en
10
cn
00
cn
cn
o
o
o
cn
cn
00
cn
to
o
o
^j
10
§
VD
O
-p^>
~"
^0
oO
kO
CO
en
o
ro
ro
-j
to
en
0
ro
^
^J
cn
00
en
ro
i
ro
^
2
_^
en
ro
ro
en
en
ro
to
00
cn
CO
cn
-P«
en
o
00
o
cn
cn
ro
-p.
ro
_
cn
00
o
^4
O
ro
o
ro
0
-v,
cn
CO
ro
ro
"^
^
^j
ji
.
00
ID
00
cn
00
ro
CO
CO
00
ro
cn
CO
CO
cn
'
en
o
co
o
o
^
r^
3
_,
jj
ho
TI
0
10
CD
to
CO
cn
^.
CO
Is
3 O
^.
O
o
1
n
"7i
x
X
n
n
o
n
*»
X
X
r»
^
n
o
&
X
X
""s^
5
o
X
II
CO
O
o
X
II
.
o
o
X
II
to
o
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
a-BHC
FORMULA.
MOL. WT.
290.83
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.4
303
0.43
0.96
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
303
112
41
15
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
8.0
0.01
24
2.2
0.001
64
6.4
0.6
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
3.3
0.9
0.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.
REMARKS: Isotherm measured using a mixture containing 71% alpha
isomer and 29% beta isomer.
68
-------
COMPOUND:
,1000
a-BHC
O
to
Of
<
u
E
O>
CO
Of.
O
a
E
100
10
-^
*^~
1.0
.
^
^
^
J
L'
^- x
6001 2 3 4 5 6 b'.floi 2 3 4 5 6 7d
I
^s^
»'
^^
x^"
x1
.'6l J 3 4 5 6
- 1
^
^
7 ii 91 345
v
d
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5.0
7.5
10
15
20
25
50
» PH= 5.4
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
x 103
289
167
75.3
10.1
5.28
3.97
1.83
0.99
0.33
0.25
0.122
0.214
0.279
0.284
0.285
0.287
0.288
0.288
0.288
122
85.5
55.8
37.8
28.5
19.1
14.4
11.5
5.8
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
69
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
3-BHC
FORMULA: C6H6C16
MOL. WT.
290.83
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.4
220
0.49
0.96
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
220
71
23
7.5
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
13
0.01
43
3.9
0.001
130
13
1.2
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
4.5
1.4
0.4
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G. C.
REMARKS: Isotherm measured using a mixture containing 29% beta
isomer and 71% alpha isomer.
70
-------
COMPOUND:
.1000
3-BHC
1
4
z ,
0
CO ,
Of. *
u
El
_ «
w
\ b
0
uu 4
CO ,
oc 3
0 ,
o> \
E ?
S5
3
V i
<
2
1
o.<
100
10
..
^
1.0
tool 2
x'
i
3
s*
4
^
X"
b7.^
B" ^
- r^-
ib'i 2
3
x-
X
X
> 6
'
,
*
/ 8
0.
.x^
H 2
01
x^
1X-
1
4
|
c
6
X
8
^ *^^
^
9
0.1
3
4
5
6
7»
I
1.0
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5.0
7.5
10
25
50
PH= 54
Cf C0-Cf=X X/N(
x 103
104
49.6
30.4
7.27
1.56
1.31
0.22
0.20
0.0544
0.0736
0.0967
0.1024
0.1027
0.1038
0.1038
54.4
29.4
19.3
13.7
10.3
4.15
2.08
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/to
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
71
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Y-BHC (Lindane)
Cl
H
FORMULA:
CCH,C1,
b b D_
MOL. WT.
290.83
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
256
0.49
0.99
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, rng/gm
256
83
27
8.8
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
11
0.01
40
3.4
0.001
115
11
1.0
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
3.9
1.2
0.4
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - G. C.
REMARKS:
72
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
en
o
o
0
o
-
o
ro
ro
O
ro
ro
o
O
0
CO
ro
o
10
oo
CO
o
o
ro
o
o
oo
00
00
vo
00
en
o
o
ro
en
en
o
cr>
CO
en
co
ro
en
O
en
00
en
o
CO
ro
CO
o
o
--j
00
00
o
ro
CO
o
ro
CO
o
o
<
o
00
3 C
n
n
o
1
x
X
£
o
o
_n
Ti
X
X
v.
n
n
o
_p
"Ti
X
X
^.
TJ
X
II
co
TJ
X
II
o
X
II
o _
o
o
ro
en
o-4
91 2 345676
01 (
RESIDUAL CC
n
^^
3 w
to
-j
O f
o
o
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
s
\
N
^
o
o
i
\-
\
\
.\
V"
\
\
~V
IS
o
O
c
Z
" O
1
a
n
»«"
r
c
Ca
3
fD
*_
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Bromoform
Br
BrC Br
H
FORMULA:
CHBr3
MOL WT. 252.75
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01 1
0.001
PH
19.6
0.52
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
19.6
5.9
1.8
0.52
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
150
0.01
560
51
0.001
1,900
190
17
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
51
17
5.7
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: 6. C. Purge and Trap
REMARKS.
-------
POUND:
Bromoform
o
<
X
6
c
4
Z 3
D ,
tf
l\
^ 6
I \
\ '
) ,
1 '
*
t
J) '
- !
"1
> 6
C r
4
3
2
10
1.0
0.1
x*
,x
*'
^
m
j
^
y^
x1
1 2 34567891 2 3456
0.001 0.01
. .. _.
_x^
^
X
1
-'
^X
^
7891 2 34567891 2 345678
0.1 1.0 1C
1
I
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
38
96
192
289
385
577
PH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
1.000
0.515
0.175
0.068
0.0303
0.0172
0.0133
0.485
0.825
0.932
0.970
0.983
0.987
12.6
8.58
4.85
3.36
2.56
1.71
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
75
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
4-Bromophen.yl phenyl ether
-Br
FORMULA.
Ci2HgOCl
MOL. WT.
249.11
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
144
0.68
0.91
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
144
30
6.2
1.3
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
30
0.01
160
14
0.001
770
76
6.9
Co, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
7.0
3.3
1.6
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 229.5 nm.
REMARKS:
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
1
o
**
ro
10
v£>
£
^,
i
en
£2
r\j
t^*}
CO
en
CO
i
O
o
o
CO
o
IO
o
ID
VJ
en
o
CO
IO
en
ro
-PS.
bo
-
en
o
-1
0
o
10
ro
o
CO
*
ro
en
N)
O
CO
CO
ro
CO
ro
j^
CO
,
O
OS
CO
CO
CO
CO
ro
co
CO
ro
j^
T) "
Ti
Co
CO
OS
CO
0
1
o
V)
or
3 0
\
n
n
o
i
o
n
x
X
*
-0
n
o
L
£j
II
X
X
\
n
«*
n
o
o
n
X
X
^
o
X
II
. __^
CO
o
X
II
o
X
II
r-j
A.
TO
m ~
o
r-
O _-
o
n
"n ^
3 "
(Q
o°°
'-'o
O-
o«
o
\
\
S"
^
!
o
o
V
'-.V-
\
\L
N
*-
S
N
>
-rr
-
'-
N
o
o
o
^
c
n
3
°0
JND- 4-Bromophenyl phenvl ether
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
5-Bromouracil
H
H
O
C H N 0Br
FORMULA:
MOL WT
190.99
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
i n
n i
n.m
pH
pH 3 and 7 pooled
44
0.47
0.95
9.0
?1
0.56
0.86
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, tng/gm
130
44
15
R.I
78
21
5.8
1.6
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
60
0.01
200
18
0.001
580
58
5.2
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
23
6.6
2.0
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 279 nm
REMARKS:
78
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
ro
<=>
o
-
o
ro
CO
CO
en
-pa
-fa
O
^j
CO
IO
ro
ro
-Pa
en
ro
ro
o
~-J
en
10
CO
CO
_1
en
O
-^
to
""
^
VO
en
eo
_.
en
^4
CO
CO
00
en
en
CO
en
UJ
en
ro
o
_j
o
o
CO
Ji
o
en
CO
en
en
ro
CO
ro
^-J
_,
eo
^j
~"
en
ro
^
fa
en
o
^
en
en
o
en
.p,
"^
^a
-pa
CO
ID
en
eo
-Pa
en
'
^o
ro
-v,
o
^
ro
CO
ro
en
en
ro
en
-j
ro
^
ro
en
i
o
-pa
-vj
,
en
ro
bo
o
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j
ro
CO
ro
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en
en
en
en
.
o
CO
eo
vo
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WD
i
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IQ
00
en
en
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O
i
p^
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CO
tD
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o
lo
CO
.0
CO
o
vo
CO
CO
1C
tD
en
to
CO
on
t/» ^
mS
3 O
\
n
n
o
i
n
n
x
x
?
n
n
o
n
n
X
x
5
o
n
0
£
n
x
X
5
o
X
II
CO
o
o
II
.
o
^
Tl
X
II
10
*
o
o
o -'
'
n -
n
"n
3
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Butyl amine
FORMULA:
C-.H^N
4 11
H
1
H-C-
1
H
H
I
C
i
H
H
I
-C
i
H
H
i
-C
i
H
H
i
-N
i
H
/»
MOL. WT. 73.14
FREUNOLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
pH
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
C0, mg/l
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Organic Carbon
REMARKS: Not adsorbed
80
-------
COMPOUND
Butyl amine
1
i
(
1
1
Z 3
O
80 2
ee. i
<
u
i I
\ «
s :
S
g '
a
<
? '
fc f
- 6
5 5
^' ,
X
3
2
1
2 3456789 2 34567891 2 3456
91
4
5
6 7«
1
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200
pH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
18.3
16.8
17.7
16.1
15.8
16.4
17.7
15.5
pH=7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
15,8
17.4
15.5
19.8
18.6
16.1
15.5
16.1
pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
18.9
15.2
16.8
17.7
16.8
17.1
14.9
14.6
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE.
Butyl benzyl phthalate
o
II
u
O
FORMULA: 19 20 4
MOL WT. 312.36
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0 01
0.001
PH
5.3
1520
1.26
0.36
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
1520
84
4 6
0.3
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
11
0.01
220
20
0.001
4,000
390
36
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.7
1.2
2.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.
REMARKS.
82
-------
COMPOUND: Butyl benzyl phthalate
. 1.000
(
1
t
t
1
7
6
5
4
3
Z
1
9
7
6
5
4
1
2
1
100
10
.0
. J.
- - (-
/
/
/
I
~
f
V
m
/
/
/
1 2 3456789! 2 34567891 2 3456789
o.ooi o.oi qj i o
RESIDUAL C6NC. (Cf), mg/(
3 4
678
10
Z
o
CO
E
o>
CO
oe.
O
O)
E
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5
7.5
20
30
40
PH=5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
0.44
0.27
0.088
0.057
0.046
0.040
0.037
0.026
0.170
0.352
0.383
0.394
0.400
0.403
0.414
170
141
76.6
52.5
20.0
13.4
10.4
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
83
-------
COMPOUND.
STRUCTURE.
N-Butyl phthalate
FORMULA:
C16H22°4
C-0-CH
49
O
MOL. WT.
278.35
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0
220
0.45
0.99
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
610
2ZO
77
28
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
12
0.01
37
3.3
0.001
100
10
0.94
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
4.7
1.3
0.4
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 225 nm
REMARKS:
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
CO
vn
CO
o
o
£
N3
uO
K>
O
o
-vj
OJ
»
2
o
_.
VD
un
Ln
on
rv
CO
co
S
co
-P»
rv>
O
*»
en
§2
*B
3 0
\
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n
o
1
_n
"7i
x
X
-0
n
o
Ti
X
X
>s
*
n
o
"7i
X
X
\
o
X
II
CO
O
o
X
II
o
X
II
0-
IS*
Ui
TO
m ~
5 ~
C .
^» «-"
O -
or-
Zo-
n
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3 "
ID
o-
Jh.
CTI
0
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*>
0.
Lfl O> -J
Oft*O * |S» O>> J»> k/t 91 ^J
O
o
L
\
1
V
\
Iv
v
\
\
\
V-
o
o
o
a
n
8
$
o
c
z
a
1
CO
T3
r+
3"
O>
Q>
fD
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Carbon tetrachloride
Cl
Cl CCl
Cl
FORMULA:
CC14
MOL. WT.
153.82
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
5.3
11.1
0.83
0.99
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
11
1.6
0.24
0.04
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
550
0.01
4100
370
0.001
28,000
2,800
250
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
90
61
42
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G. C. Purge and Trap
REMARKS.
86
-------
COMPOUND
100
Carbon tetrachloride
O
CQ
oc
E
o>
CD
at
O
O)
E
1
7
6
5
4
3
2
I
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ft
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
10.0
1.0
0.1
-4
y
>
S
x
/
/
/
/I
/
,/
^
/
f
/
'I
^x
/
i/
/
2
>
o.boi 2 3 4 567°d.Di 2 3 4 567o!'i 2 3 4 567i
91 2 345678
.0 1
1
3
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
288
577
1154
1538
2692
PH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
1.000
J.177
5.104
).049
).027
[).0170
0.823
0.896
0.951
0.973
0.983
2.85
1.55
0.824
D.632
D.365
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
87
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Chlorobenzene
FORMULA:
C.H.Cl
0 0
MOL. WT. 112.56
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
7.4
91
0.99
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
890
91
9.3
0.95
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
92
0.01
970
88
0.001.
9,400
930
84
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
11
11
11
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 209 run
REMARKS:
88
-------
UNO: Chlorobenzene
O
CD
E
o>
CO
at.
O
o»
E
i
6
5
4
3
2
I
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Q
8
6
5
4
3
2
1000
100
10
^
/
f
- -j
^
/\
.
f
1
y
/
V
^
7
S
?
f
\ \
f
nA-i 2 34567,894 2 34567891 2 3456789 2 34 6V
)W
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200
pH= 7.4
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
25.9
17.4
13.13
10.16
3.61
2.49
2.06
1.40
8.50
12.77
15.74
22.29
23.41
23.84
24.5
1700
1277
630
446
234
159
123
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
89
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Chlordane
Cl
FORMULA:
C10H6C18
MOL. WT. 409.80
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
5.3
245
0.38
0.95
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
245
102
43
18
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
8.8
0.01
23
?.l
0.001
56
f5.fi
0.5
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
4.1
1.0
0.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD:So1vent Extraction - G.C,
REMARKS:
90
-------
o
co
ee
<
u
E
o>
eo
oe.
O
O)
E
CP$
,._
100
10
1.0
JpUND:
.*
^
**
I
Chlordane
^*
*
"
^^~
--
p
^,
i
x--'
^.
f^^
p.
-^^
,**-
"if"
^-^
Hi -1
if
t
^
1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 3456789 2 34
)001 0.001 0.01 0.1
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
678 1
1.0
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.0
3.n
4.0
5.0
?A°
10
12
17.5
-20
PH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/to
0.219
0.132
0.061
n.n?fi
0.0071
0.0032
0.0029
0.0021
0,0016
0.0006
&<0005
0.087
0.158
0.193
0.212
0.216
Q.216
0.217
0.217
0.218
0.218
87.0
79.0
fi4..3
53.0
43.2
30.9
21.7
18,1
12.5
in Q
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
!.
91
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Chloroethane
H
H C
H
H H
FORMULA;
C2R5C1
MOl WT
64'52
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
5.3
0.59
0.95
1.0
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/grn
0.59
0.07
0.007
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
14,000
0.01
> 100,000
12,000
0.001
> 100, 000
> 100,000
11.000
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
1700
1400
1400
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G. C. Purge and Trap
REMARKS:
92
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
*
en
GO
00
0
I\3
us
0
IO
CO
o
o
00
0
^J
10
a\
en
o
-i^
o
CO
CO
-fc.
o>
o
co
o
-o
^i
LO
o
ID
Ln
r^o
cr>
vo
rv>
o
^
O
o
O
en
CT)
o
O
r\3
en
O
-
o
O)
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
r»
n
o
1
_r>
"7i
x
X
v^
3
o
*«
o
o
_n
Ti
X
X
^x
3
n
^
r»
o
i
_r>
"7i
X
X
\
3
o
X
II
en
CO
t>
X
II
o
x.
II
1-j 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,8 1 , 2 3 1 5 (
RESIDUAL
r» -
0 d
Pb~
"n
ft^
3 "
ID
\
9i
-J
_j"
0±
b
IS*
Ul
o>
_J^*
o*
o
o
\
o
«J
\
*N
i
v
s
\k
>
V
v
-^
o
'<
o<
b;
i
(
roMPOiiwn. Chloroethane
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Bis(2-ch1oroethoxy)methane
H
H
I
H
H
I
H
I
FORMULA:
ci-c -c-o -c - o - c -c-ci
II I II
H H H H H
C5H10°2C12 MOI WT 173.1
MOL. WT.
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10.0
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
5.8
11
0.65
0.91
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
50
11 ^
2.6
0.6
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
GO- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
350
0.01
1,700
160
0.001
7 snn
770
70
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
ftfi
38
17
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Carbon
REMARKS:
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
CO
00
CO
o
00
o
cn
ro
cn
"^
CO
«^i
ro
00
o
i
^D
cn
ro
OO
00
00
r^
0
^D
O"^
CT>
O
^1
-ps.
OO
co
O
cn
ro
'
cn
CO
O
O
o
'
£
CO
CT>
ro
O
CTi
cn
'co
O
to
cn
cn
ro
,
cn
cn
co
ro
bo
cn
±
cn
ro
'ro
cn
ro
VO
CO
ro
i
'
ro
ro
ro
Cr>
i
Cn
vo
Cn
±
i
'
CO
ro
cn
co
-pa
O
cn
CO
vj
o
3»
3 O
^s
n
n
0
1
X
X
^
*
n
0
'
£?
ii
X
X
£
n
o
i
n
ii
X
X
T»
X
II
CO
T>
X
II
o
X
II
70
m
(/>
O
C
>
i
n
O
3
(O
A. tn q» _i CPU?
CO
ffj
cn
OB
O
rv»
OJ
~j
OO
CD LO
o -
r>>
0
k
s
s
o
V
\
k
\
S,
\
V
\
\
V
I
s
s
I
^
*f
^
\
\
\
\
§
(
-
-
rr>MPOimn- Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
FORMULA. 4H
Bis(2-chloroethvl)etl-
H H
Cl C C-
H H
8OC12
er
H
-O C
H
H
i
C Cl
1
1
H
MOL WT 143.02
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
in n
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
0.086
1.84
0.89
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
6 0
0.086
0.001
0.00002
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
>100,000
0.01
>100tOOO
>100,000
0.001
>100,000
>100,000
>100,000
C0, mg/l
i n
0.1
0.01
11 finn
100,000
>100,000
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Carbon
REMARKS:
96
-------
COMPOUND:
Bis(2-ch1oroethy1)ether
z
O
CO
E
O)
CO
Of
O
CO
O
o>
E
fi
5
4
}
i
{
7
£
5
n
?
i
9
II
7
f
s
4
1
?
]
0.
100
10.
0.1
2
1
3
4
5
6 7
991 2
1.0
3
4
C
6
7 8 <
10
/
/
1 2
y
/
3
1
d
J
'
4
-P
4
V
5
,
J
6
/
/
7 8
10(
f
f
9 2
3
3
4
5
, I
000
RESIDUAL CONC (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
9.12
22. 79
45.58
68.37
91.16
113.95
137.11
182.32
274.22
914.08
PH= 5.3
Cf C0-C,=X X/M
50.26
48.68
47.73
46.62
45.36
42.67
41.56
39.67
37.29
33.97
23.54
1.58
?.R3
3.64
4.90
7.59
8.70
10.59
12.97
16.29
26.72
173
111
79.9
71.7
83.3
76.4
77.2
71.1
59.4
29.2
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
97
-------
STRUCTURE:
a
H-
Cl
i
i
-C-
1
i
H
H
|
-C-
i
H
H
i
-0 C zz
H
i
1
c-
-H
FORMULA: C4H7OC1
MOL. WT. 106.55
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10.0
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
5.4
3.9
0.80
0.94
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
25
3.9
n.fi
0.1
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
1500
0.01
10,000
920
0.001
64,000
6,400
580
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
260
170
100
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Carbon
REMARKS:
98
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
o -
pi
-O
3">
O
^
DO
oo
0
VJ
en
en
ro
o
co
00
co
o
ro
00
co
o
en
en
-j
to
00
00
^xj
o
ro
00
CO
O
ro
en
i
o
en
co
_.
^
f
ro
ro
00
i
ro
i
*»
en
00
-pi
CO
o
en
ro
-Pi
ro
en
00
o
,
00
vj
ro
en
0
O
10
ro
ro
to
en
ro
_j
'**
4*
*^j
ro
0
0
Pi
,
CO
o
o
ro
ro
en
to
ro
o
CO
en
,
ro
en
to
en
en
en
o
o
co
CO
0
§2
<" 3D
D>
3 O
\
n
*«
n
o
1
n
it
x
X
"*»
5
_r>
n
0
n
it
X
X
\
n
o
i
r»
u
X
X
^
Q
CO
TJ
1.
II
TJ
X
II
7
RESIDUAL C
n
3
10
l»i
t/i
9i
. OD
to
O
ro
en
CT»
-J
OB
A
sl
OB
0 ~
O
CO-
CD»
l f
CD
\
s
^
O
i, _
\
>.
^1
JS
"'
^
\
\
^
I
s
^
L
O
o
s
'<
1
(
-
COMPOUND- 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Chloroform
Cl
ClCH
Cl
FORMULA:
CHC13
MOL. WT.
119.38
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
2.6
0.73
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
2.6
0.48
0.09
0.02
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
1900
0.01
11,000
1,000
0.001
50,000
6,000
540
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
4,300
210
111
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G. C. Purge and Trap
REMARKS:
100
-------
COMPOUND:
Chloroform
O
80
Of
E
o>
CO
at
O
0»
E
1
t
6
5
4
i
2
1
S
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
?
(
1.0
0.1
0.01
- - j^.
'
K
*
4. _
U.S
/
*'
T4-
PK
*
|
'
1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34 8
0.001 0.01 0.1 1
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
'
\ 345
.0
678 1
10
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
96
192
385
577
1154
1923
3846
4615
I
Cf
1.000
0.820
0.596
0.428
0.314
0.149
D.145
0,04.1
D.030
pH= 5
C0-Cf=>
0.180
0.404
0.573
0.686
0.851
0.855
0.959
0.970
.3
k X/M
1.87
2.10
1.49
1.19
0.738
0.445
0.249
0.210
Cf
PH=
C0-Cf=X
X/M
Cf
pH=
C0-Cf=X
X/M
101
-------
COMPOUND: BJs(2-ch1oroJsopropyl )ether
STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
Cl H H C
1 1 1
HP C O C I
V* V* V/ W \
I 1 1
:i
: H
1 1 1
H CH3 CH3 H
CfiHi^OC^
MOI
WT 171.07
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10.0
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
5.4
24
0.57
0.91
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
88.0
24
6.3
1.7
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
140
0.01
580
55
0.001
2,200
220
20
Co. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
43
16
5.9
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Carbon
REMARKS:
102
-------
COMPOUND:
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether
O
CO
oc
£
o»
CO
Of.
O
O)
E
100
10.
1.
XI
x
X
LX
x
^S "*
u"
Zi^~
p*
K
J
'
1, 2 34567811 2 34567 891 2 3 4567.
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
t
60
3 4 5 i A A
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
U
9.1
22.8
45.6
68.4
Ql.?
114
137
182
274
457
914
PH= 5.4
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
48.43
45.94
44.00
40.81
37.62
3?.fi4
30.14
26.68
21.55
14.49
6.45
6.17
2.49
4.43
7.62
10.81
IB. 79
18.29
21.75
26.88
33.94
41.98
42.26
273
194.4
167.2
158.1
173.?
160.5
158.6
147.4
123. B
91.85
46.23
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
103
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Parachlorometa cresol
FORMULA:
C,H
7H7C10
MOL. WT.
142.59
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
3.0
122
0.29
0.90
5.5
124
0.16
0.87
9.0
99
0.42
0.97
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
122
63
32
17
124
85
58
40
99
38
14
5.5
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
11
0.01
17
1.6
0.001
25
2.5
0.2
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
8.1
1.2
0.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 225.9 run.
REMARKS:
-------
>OUND
Parachlorometa cresol
Z
o
co
c*
E
o»
co
Of,
O
O)
E
0.01
3 4 567891
0.1
3 45 7891
1.0
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5.0
7.5
10
20
25
50
fin
75
100
150
?no
"H= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
18.92
17.96
17.52
16.96
16.25
13.64
13.92
8.50
6.73
4.26
2.82
0.86
0.96
1.40
1.96
2.67
5.28
5.00
10.42
12.19
14.66
16.10
18.06
384
280
261
267
264
200
208
203
196
161
120
"H=5.5
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
16.34
15.13
14.19
12.88
11.92
8.b5
3.22
0.27
1.21
2.15
3.46
4.42
7.79
13.12
16.07
242
215
173
177
156
131
107
* pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
19.90
18.12
16.35
14.U3
13.94
7.40
6.95
5.43
3.38
I:f8
1.78
3.55
b.«7
5.96
12.50
12.95
14.47
lfi.5?
18.38
1R 80
356
355
294
238
2bO
216
193
165
122
Q4
105
-------
COMPOUND.
STRUCTURE:
2-Chloronaphthalene
FORMULA:
MOL. WT.
162.62
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
n.m
0.001
PH
5.5
280
0.46
0.96
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
280
96
33
11
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
9.3
^ 0.01
29
2.7
0.001
86
8.5
0.8
Co-
1.
0.
0.
mg/l
0
1
01
3.
1.
0.
6
0
3
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 224.5 nm.
REMARKS:
106
-------
mromo
2-Chloronaphthalene
O
oo
at
E
O)
O
LU
GO
O
CO
O
O)
E
100
10
1.0
-
'
"'
^x
^
m
^
-
x
f
i
s
I
/
^
sS
t^
/
_
x
I
"
J
^'
r
X
i
^
L, 2 3456 9) 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567!
001 0.01 0.1 1.0
91
1C
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5.0
7.5
10
20
25
50
75
pH= 5.5
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
2.36
2.01
1.59
0.98
0.68
0.34
0.07
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.35
0.77
1.38
1.68
2.02
2.29
2.31
2.33
2.34
350
308
276
224
202
114
92
47
31
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
107
-------
COMPOUND.
STRUCTURE:
1-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene
FORMULA:
C.H.CINO,,
0 4 L
MOL. WT. 157.6
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
All data pooled
130
0.46
0.97
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
370
130
46
16
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
20
0.01
64
5.8
0.001
180
18
1.7
Co, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
7.7
2.2
0.6
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 260 nm
REMARKS:
108
-------
1
i
Z 3
0
to ,
« c
i
£ i
O) 5
o 4
UJ
CO ,
Of '
O ,
«/» z
O
i
Ok a
«£
^
<
2
j
0.(
TO, OC
1000
100
10
i
31
0~
*
a
x"1
4
^ «
^
X
i
^
5
m
i
T
r 8<
0
mi
^*
+ m I
M ;
.1
^^
3
4
A
5 e
^
4
7 8
1.
1
91 2
0
X^
1 1
^
1 4
n
r
n
'
<
n
i
1
n
-
1
i
"
1
I 9
1
^X"
1
0
4
;
(
>
1
dfi
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200
pH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/N(
9.26
7.43
6.39
3.81
0.90
0.37
0.20
0.08
1.83
2.87
5.45
8.36
8.89
9.06
9.18
366
287
218
167
89
60
46
pH=7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/to
9.20
7.36
6.86
3.86
1.13
0.22
0.18
0.11
1.84
2.34
5.34
8.07
8.98
9.02
9.09
368
234
214
161
90
60
45
* PH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/to
9.43
7.50
6.30
4.02
1.02
0.61
0.46
0.20
1.93
3.13
5.41
8.41
8.82
8.97
9.23
386
313
216
168
88
60
46
109
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
2-Chlorophenol
FORMULA:
MOL. WT.
125.56
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
All Data Pooled
51.0
0.41
0.97
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
51
20
7.9
3.1
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
45
0.01
130
12
0.001
330
33
3.0
C
o- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
20
5.0
1.3
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 273.5 nm.
REMARKS:
110
-------
O
eo
oc
E
o>
CO
Of
O
O)
E
C^POUND:
100
10
1
2-Chlorophenol
^
^
x*"^
f
^
0
\
*
i
i
^
*-
^^~
-?£
m
mj
,
h
*
-14-
H
n
*^
\ A
-^
1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 345678
.01 0.1 1.0 10 100
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/i
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
50
75
100
150
200
300
400
500
PH= 3.0
cf c0-cf=x x/m
20.00
12.16
q.i4
8.12
4.50
2.34
1.30
0.76
7.84
IfLftfi
11.88
15.50
17.76
18.70
19.24
157
145
11-9
103
88.3
62.3
48.1
PH= 5.8
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
19.32
12.10
in 99
8.28
4.42
2.54
1,24
1.10
0.82
7.99
Q in
11.04
14.90
16.78
18.08
18.22
18.50
144
121
no
99.3
83.9
60.3
45.6
37.0
A PH= 9-0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
19.61
1 3 .51
10 40
8.38
4.88
3.66
1.48
0.89
0.50
fi in
Q 21
11.23
14.73
15.95
18.13
18.72
19.11
1??
123
112
98.2
79.8
60.4
46.8
38.2
III
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
4-Chlorophenyl phen.yl ether
FORMULA:
MOL. WT.
204.66
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
111
0.26
0.96
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
111
61
33
18
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
15
0.01
30
2.7
0.001
55
5.4
0.5
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
9.0
1.6
0.3
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 225.6 nm.
REMARKS:
112
-------
O
CO
Ctf
E
O)
O
ui
CO
O
O
O)
E
I
6
5
4
3
2
I
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
6
5
4
3
2
0.
ffiffl
1,000
100
10
pUND:
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
I 2 345678'
^,f**~~
j^*
,--
f -
.^
\^-
,
ff
-
k--
i
^-
. *
^
(1 2 34567891 2 3456789 2 34
.1 1.0 10
6 7 8 r
100
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
50
75
100
125
150
200
I
Cf
15.94
14.63
13.60
7.75
5.36
2.01
1.09
0.67
0.26
1 pH=
C0-Cf=X
1.31
2.34
8.19
10.58
13.93
14.85
15.27
15.68
5.3
X/M
262
234
163.?
141.1
139.;
118. £
101.8
78.4
Cf
pH=
c0-cf=x
X/M
Cf
pH=
C0-Cf=X
X/M
113
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
5-Chlorouracil
HN
Cl
II
o
FORMULA:
MOL WT.
146.54
FREUNOLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
pH 3 and 7 pooled
25
0.58
0.98
pH 9
7.3
0.90
0.76
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
96
25
6.6
1.7
58
7.3
0.91
0.11
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
140
0.01
570
52
0.001
2,200
220
20
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
40
15
5.8
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 273 nm
REMARKS:
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
ro
O
O
ro
o
VJ
-^
vj
-vj
co
l("}
r\D
o
"~J
^
00
00
co
<£>
CO
to
CO
en
CO
ro
to
en
0
ro
CO
ro
^
o
ro
_p»
ro
to
CO
cr>
to
'
-(^
en
en
ro
ro
-pi
en
CO
CO
O
0
4*
co
CO
en
4-»
en
en
en
-^
.fi
en
en
-P^
-Pi
en
-Pi
C*
en
CO
CO
ro
ro
CO
ro
en
O
en
ro
CO
en
o
VJ
ro
en
00
i
-Pi
o
CO
00
ro
.j
CO
'
10
CO
00
ro
en
-j
00
IO
_,
IO
en
^,
00
i
00
CO
ro
o
cr>
CO
ro
00
en
en
i
en
en
o
CO
10
ro
0
U3
ro
in
ro
CO
10
o
IO
CO
10
CO
CO
to
o
CO
CO
0
to
CO
to
00
lo
CO
o
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
*"*
o
o
1
n
n
x
X
5
n
o
r>
n
X
X
v.
n
n
o
~7i
X
X
o
X
II
CO
o
o
II
"^
0
Q
X
II
0
o
O -'
o «
ID
_J *
70
m "'
CO
C ^
>
r~ "
n_
-.b-
z° -
f>
O ^
^%
3
(O *»
X^
__J
0 "
o *
o
SJ I
t J
h. I
/I (
* *
-IC*H
o r
O
\
o o
\
\l
S
.» 4
\
1
K
^v-
»
^
V
p
1 C
L
r» -
\
S
JO
fc
5
4
v
«
J
1
^
I
n
I
IS
§
J
1
]
\
» L
*> J
fc O
n C
n^.
4CW
1!
°:
(
(
r»
0
$
"O
D
C
Z
u
< >
3"
O
-5
O
-s
O)
o
.1.
-------
COMPOUND: Choline chloride
STRUCTURE:
[(CH3)3N .CH2CH2OH]CI
FORMULA:
MOL. WT.
139.63
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
pH
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, 11.9/91"
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0.
C0. mg/l
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD:Total Organic Carbon
REMARKS: Not adsorbed
116
-------
COMPOUND:
Choline chloride
1
i
i
1
t
Z 3
O
flQ ,
CK 2
<
u
F i
5> j
\ 6
2 *
S '
2 «
o
<
r J
E !
- 6
S 5
<^ ,
X
3
2
1
1 1 3456789) 2 34567891 Z 4 6
9
3
4
5
6 7 8
1
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200
pH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
13.2
13.6
12.8
13.8
13.2
13.6
13.6
12t6
PH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
14.0
13.6
15,0
13.2
12.4
13, ?
14.2
IP.fi
pH=g%0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
14.0
14.6
13.4
13.6
14.6
14. n
13.0
13.?
17
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Cyclohexanone
HHHH
/\ /\
HHHH
FORMULA:
C6H10°
_ MOL. WT. 98.14
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
7.3
6.2
0.75
0.84
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
36
6.2
1.1
0.19
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
820
0.01
5,100
470
0.001
29,000
2,900
260
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
160
91
52
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Organic Carbon
REMARKS:
118
-------
COMPOUND:
. innn
Cyclohexanone
O
co
E
O)
O
uu
CO
ee
O
«/»
O
o>
E
1
1
1
*
1
1
9
6
5
4
1
2
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
?
1
100
10
m^£
~7
^
/
/
_j
^
i
^r
/
s
2 34567891 2 34567891 2 3456 2
0.01 0.1 __.. . 1.0 10
3 4
5
M
a
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
100
200
400
600
1000
pH= 7.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.76
6.81
6.13
4.09
3.95
1.36
3.95
4.63
6.67
6.81
9.40
39.5
23.2
16.7
11.4
9.4
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
-------
COMPOUND: Cyclohexylamine
STRUCTURE:
H HHH
FORMULA:
MOL. WT.
99.2
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
pH
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
C0, mg/l
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Organic Carbon
REMARKS: Not adsorbed
120
-------
COMPOUND:
Cyclohexylamine
1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 3456791
z
o
CD
Ctf
E
0)
ec
O
o>
E
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
TOO
150
200
pH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.4
10.4
9.8
9.4
10.2
9.8
Q ft
10.6
pH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.8
10.2
10.6
10.4
11.0
10.4
11.?
10.0
PH=9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
1?.8
11.6
11.8
10.6
11.0
10.4
in. R '
10.0
121
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Cytosine
0=
NH
H
FORMULA:
MOL. WT.
111.10
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0
6.3xlO"13
13.67
0.90
pH 7 and 9 pooled
1.1
1.6
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
30
38
1.1
0.03
0.0008
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
> 30, 000
0.01
> 100, 000
> 100, 000
0.001
> 100, 000
>100,000
>100,000
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
935
3,330
12,500
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 275 nm
REMARKS:
122
-------
z
o
CO
E
o>
00
Of
O
O)
E
j
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
fjgglMUND,
100
10
1.0
Cytosine
/
/
t
91
/
i /
1
\\l
(
-]
-I
\
1
f
-.1 , 2 3 4 5 6 7 89J 2 345678
H
*
j
91 2 34567891 456 -JJ
) ICO TO
d6
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.96
9.80
9.77
9.53
9.48
9.18
8.87
0.16
0.19
0.43
0.48
0.78
1.09
32
19
17.
10
8
7
PH=7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.00
9.80
9.64
9.15
8.48
7.53
6.30
0.20
0.36
0.85
1.52
2.47
3.20
40
36
34
30
25
21
* pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.98
9.80
9.63
9.20
8.49
7.54
6.81
0.18
0.35
0.78
1.49
2.44
3.17
36
35
31
30
24
21
123
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
DDE
FORMULA:
318.03
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
232
0.37
0.82
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
232
98
42
18
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
9.0
0.01
23
2.1
0.001
55
5.5
0.5
C0, mg/l
i.n
0.1
0.01
& 3
1.0
0.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.
REMARKS:
12**
-------
fft
MPOUND:
t
7
6
5
i
fld j
U
1
Q 4
UJ
S >
a .
0
? i
6
« 5
3
2
0.00000
10
1.0
0.1
«
*
01 z 3OlOOOWf
{
L^
i ^
**
^<
«*
'i
11 2 J fc.fc
RESIDUAL
i
fM
3661
CO
.^
^^
-^
**>
X
2 3 4 5(f.bb
NC. (Cf), mg/l
0
« ^"^
Ip
|
ft 2 3 4 5d.7d
if
CARBON
DOSE mg/t
0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
9.0
10.0
*
PH= 5.3
Cf* C0-Cf=X X/M
20.7
0.169
0.114
0.129
0.112
0.098
0.006
0.002
XI 03
0.02053
0.0206
0.02057
0.02059
0.02060
0.02069
D. 02070
20.5
10.3
6.86
5.15
4.12
2.30
2.07
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
125
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
DDT
CGI
FORMULA.
C14H9C15
MOL. WT. 354.50
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
5.3
322
0.50
0.89
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
322
103
33
10
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
n.m
0.1
8.8
0.01
31
218
0.001
98
9.7
0.9
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
3.1
1.0
0.3
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.
REMARKS:
126
-------
COMPOUND:
JJDI_
1
0
1
7
6
5
4
i '
* 2
at,
<
u
E i
0)
"X. 6
s :
S
s .
0
<
0) J
E !
S s
< '
2
i
o.ooc
10
1.0
0.1
^
s
^
*
I
^
./
r
^
^
s
s
\
^
1
_^
^
^
^
'
^"
?*
x^
2 34567891 1 34567891 2 34567891 2
001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
45681
0.01
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.n
5.0
6.0
7.0
* X103
pH= 5.3
Cf* C0-Cf=X* X/M
8.64
0.234
0.147
0.121
n DQI
0.034
0.0?1
0.008
8.41
8.49
8.52
R 55
R.fil
8.fi?
8.63
8.41
4.25
2.84
2 14
1 ,12
1 44
1.23
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
127
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
FORMULA:
C22H14
MOL WT.
278.33
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
7.1
69.3
0.75
0.97
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
69
12
2.1
0.39
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
73
0.01
450
41
0.001
2,600
250
23
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
14
8.3
4.8
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Fluorescence: excitation 298 nm; 395 nm.
REMARKS: Modified protocol used for isotherm due to limited solubility.
128
-------
COMPOUND:
1.0
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
Z
o
CO
E
o»
O
UJ
OQ
OC
O
W»
O
<
0>
E
0.1
0.01
0.001
f
f
S
t
^
,
s
' \
/
\
V
f'
1 2 34567891 I 3456
Y
/
> V
5'
/
X
x
x
'
7891 2 3456
X
S
/
89! 2
4
67891
0.000001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
0.01
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0.72
0.74
2.34
2.82
2.86
3.18
6.94
7.46
C0 x 103
0.199
0.166
0.133
0.428
0.298
0.246
0.112
0.185
Cf x 10J
0.126
0.109
0.041
0.182
0.114
OrQ7Q
0.012
n.rwn
C0-Cf=X
0.000073
0.000057
0.000092
0.000246
0.000184
0.000176
0.000100
n nnm^
X/M
0.101
0.077
0.039
0.087
0.064
0,055
0.014
0 0?1
129
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
D1bromochloromethane
Cl
Br
1
C
Br
H
FORMULA:
CHBrCl
MOL. WT.
208.29
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
4.8
0.34
L 0.96
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
4.8
2.2
1.0
0.46
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
410
0.01
980
89
0.001
2,200
210
19
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
210
45
9.9
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G. c. Purge and Trap
REMARKS.
130
-------
POUND:
Di bromochloromethane
O
CO
E
OS
o
o
O)
E
^
X
1
?
4
3
1
7
4
2
1
I
g
5
4
3
2
o.c
10
.0
0,1
2
)001
;
4
,f
> 7 8
0.
1 _^^*
."^^
91 2
001
^**
3
,«
4
^
^
5 f
*
7 8
0.
^^
J1 2
01
+**
^*
) 4
»
c
^
6
** "*
I
7 8
0.
J-^
91 2
1
,
"
1
*-
4
+*
5
6
1
«H
H
M
4
I
8
1.
ir
l
91
0
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
38
58
192
289
385
769
1923
PH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
1.000
0.829
0.677
0.308
0.254
0.101
0.066
0.0009
3.171
L323
5.692
).746
J.899
J.934
0.9991
4.45
5.59
3. .60
2.59
2.34
1.21
0.520
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-C(=X X/M
131
-------
COMPOUND.
STRUCTURE:
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
H
I
C
I
H
Br
I
C
I
H
Br ~ C C C-CI
H
1
C
I
H
FORMULA: C3H4Br2Cl
MOL. WT.
235.34
FREUNOLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
53
0.47
0.99
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, tng/gm
53
18
6.0
2.0
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
50
0.01
160
15
0.001
490
48
4.4
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
19
5.6
1.7
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G. C. - Purge and Trap
REMARKS:
132
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
o
-.
CO
o
O
O
00
o
vo
00
00
en
^
CO
en
O
o
<*
0
CO
o
^.
ro
CO
10
CTl
0
o
CO
ro
O
IO
0>
o
0
en
CO
o
o
^j
O
CO
en
lo
CO
<£>
0
_,
S
O
00
rv.
r>o
_,
O
CO
0
CT)
CO
=sl
O
0
l£>
ID
CTt
§2
«/> »
09
3 O
V.
o
o
0
x
X
5
_n
o
o
n
n
X
X
v.
s
n
o
n
n
X
X
^
*
X
II
en
CO
X
II
o
X
II
CD-
CD
OD
<=£
0
TO
rn ~
o «-
C .
^» "-"
r> -
0 n"
z ^-
7? ~
T^
3
(Q
>^ Ul
O
Xk.
^1
o-
CD
\k
\
V
\
0
1
lk
\
\
\~
\
\
n
\
o
o
1
COMPOUND: 1 ,2-Dibronio-3-chloropropane
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
FORMULA:
MOL WT.
1.47.00
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
5.5
129
0.43
0.92
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
129
47
17
64
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
19
0.01
57
5.2
0.001
160
15
1.4
c
o. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
7.7
2.1
0.6
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 214 nm.
REMARKS.
-------
o
BO
CK
E
o>
o
LU
GO
O
O
O)
E
^
X
1
I
6
5
4
3
2
i
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
6
5
4
3
2
1
0.
f«M
1000
100
10
>OUND:
J
1 .2-Dichlorobenzene
^x^
,<^
^^^
^^
f
Jr
riT
X
^x""
x-^
,
X
x
1
^x-'
'^
2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891 <
01 0.1 1 10
ip
I
-^
^
3 45678)
100
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
25
50
75
ino
150
?on
300
500
PH= 5.5
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
27.46
25.08
24.77
24.20
18.91
11.80
6.15
9 2«
1.13
O.ftfi
0.44
n 11
2.38
2.69
3.26
8.55
15.66
21.31
2^ 18
26.33
Pfi.fin
27.02
27.1?
952
538
32.6
342
313
284
252
176
133
90
54
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
135
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
1.5-Dichlorobenzene
FORMULA:
C6H4C12
MOL WT. 147-°°
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
5.1
118.
n.41;
0.86
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
118
42
15
5.1
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
22
0.01
68
6.2
0.001
?nn
19
1.8
C0. mg/l
1 0
0 1
0.01
8 5
7 &.
0.7
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 214 nm
REMARKS:
136
-------
COMPOUND:
10.000
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
i
5
4
3
2
1
6
5
4
3
2
1
I
6
S
4
3
I
1
0
1,000
100
10
2 345678
^»
+^^
.x-
*~
^*
^
1
pX1
I
1 ,
1
^
\
^
\
\
^
*
II
-'
^^
^ m
^
""
x^
91 2 34567891 2 34567891 4567891
O
CD
oa
tx
O
o»
E
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
25
50
60
75
100
150
200
500
PH= 5.1
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
24.25
17.51
7.85
5.73
3.96
2.04
1.31
0.70
0.48
6.74
16.4
18.52
20.29
22.21
22.94
23.55
23.77
269.6
328
308.7
270.5
222.1
152.9
117.7
47.5
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
137
-------
COMPOUND: 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
C6H4C12
MOL. WT.
147.00
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
5-1
121
0 47
0.94
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
121
41
14
4.6
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
22
0.01
73
6 6
0.001
220
??
2.0
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
8.3
2.5
0.7
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 223 nm
REMARKS:
138
-------
z
o
CO
oc
u
E
O)
\
a
UJ
CD
O
O
O)
E
1
1
1
4
2
1
t
6
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
8
7
(i
S
4
1
?
I
S?!8
i.oor
100
0
POUND: 1 ,4-Dichlorobenzen
.x*1
-^.
^
^
^
^r
>
X
x
fl ftl 2 3 4 5 6 7J91, 2 3 4 5 6 7 i. 9 U 2 3456
RESIDUAL CONC (Cf), mg/l
^
»'
^ 8,9J 34 6 7 J
Ab
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
50
75
100
125
150
200
PH= 5<]
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
16.71
3.48
2.55
1.94
1.19
1.03
0.33
13.23
14.16
14.77
15 52
15.68
16.38
264.6
188.8
147-7
124 15
104.5
81.9
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
139
-------
COMPOUND: 3,3-Di chl orobenzi di ne
STRUCTURE:
H2N~
-NH,
FORMULA:
MOL. WT. 253.13
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
All Data Pooled
300
0.20
0.92
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
300
190
120
73
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
4.8
0.01
8.3
0.8
0.001
13
1.3
0.1
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
3.3
0.5
0.1
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l for pooled data
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 282 nm
REMARKS: OSHA regulated carcinogen
-------
o
80
Ctf
E
O)
a
ut
CO
O
O
E
X
COMI
in nr
1000
100
10
»OUND:
n
1
3,3-Dichlorobenzidine
t.
-+
i
- -
.-^-
*-
,
^
A
P
-
^*
>
... -
-
*-
»
1 2 34567891 2 34567691 2 3456
5.001 0.01 0.1
--
1
t
1
f
..r-jr
^
k
t 2 3456
a i
1C
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
7.R
10
12.5
15
20
25
PH= 7.2
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
2.51
1.70
0.83
0.46
0,072
0,044
0.028
0.008
0.005
0.81
1.68
2.05
?.44
2.466
2.482
2.502
2.505
324
336
?T\
244
197
165
125
100
ApH= 9.1
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
2.28
1.55
0.81
0.33
0.070
0.042
0.038
0.034
0.017
0.73
1.47
1.95
2.210
2.238
2.242
2.246
2.263
292
294
260
221
179
149
112
90
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Di ch1orobromomethane
Br
f+t
Ul
H
FORMULA:
MOL WT.
163.83
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
7.9
0.61
1.00
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
7.9
1.9
0.47
0.12
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
500
0.01
2,100
190
0.001
8,700
860
78
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
130
52
21
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G. C. Purge and Trap
REMARKS:
\k2
-------
COMPOUND:
DJchlorobromomethane
O
GQ
E
o>
O
UJ
CO
O
O
O)
E
1
?
1
6
b
2
1
9
7
b
b
1
1
8
3
0.
1QC
10
1,0
0,1
1
001
3
5
^
e
*
7 8
0.
PJ
X
^
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0
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
38
96
192
289
385
1154
1923
PH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
1.000
0.762
0.479
0.277
0.183
0.134
0.029
0.011
0.238
0.521
0.723
0.817
0.866
0.971
0.990
6.20
5.42
3.76
2.83
2.25
0.841
0.514
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
-------
COMPOUND.
STRUCTURE:
1,1-Dichloroethane
Cl H
HCCH
Cl H
FORMULA:
C2H4C12
MOL. WT.
98.96
FREUNOLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
1.79
0.53
0.96
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
1.8
0.52
0.15
0.04
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
1,00
0.01
6.500
600
0.001
22.000
2,200
200
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
560
190
70
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C - Purge and Trap
REMARKS:
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
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rnAADniiun. 1.1-Dichloroethane
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
1,2-Dichloroethane
Cl
HC
Cl
-C-
H H
FORMULA:
C2H4C12
MOL WT
98.96
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
3,57
0,83
0.99
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
3.6
0.52
0.08
0.01
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
1700
0.01
13,000
1,200
0.001
86,000
8,600
780
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
280
190
120
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C. - Purge and Trap
REMARKS:
-------
1
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RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
192
385
1154
1923
3846
9615
PH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
1.000
0.527
0.406
0.144
0.103
0.046
0.012
0.473
0.594
0.856
0.897
0.954
0.988
2.46
1.55
0.742
0.466
0.248
0.103
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
1,2-trans-Dichloroethene
H
C = C
Cl
\
H
FORMULA:
C2H2C12
MOL WT.
96.94
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
6.7
3.05
0.51
0.99
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
3.0
0.94
0.29
0.09
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, rng/l
1.0
0.1
n.m
0.1
950
0.01
3,400
310
0.001
11,000
1,100
100
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
330
110
34
{a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C. Purge and Trap
REMARKS:
148-
-------
MPOUND:
1.2-trans-Dichloroethene
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RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
192
385
769
1538
2692
3846
4615
pH= 6.7
C, C0-Cf=X X/M
1000
0.597
0.258
0.160
0.044
0.014
0.0099
D.0049
0.403
0.742
0.840
0.956
0.986
0.990
0.995
2.10
1.93
1.09
0.621
0.366
0.257
0.216
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
1 ,1-Dichloroethene (1 , l-Dichloroethylene)
cr
FORMULA:
C9H9C1?
MOL. WT. 96.94
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
4.91
0.54
0.99
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
4.9
1.4
0.41
0.12
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
GO- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
640
0.01
2,400
220
0.001
8,600
850
77
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G. C. Purge and Trap
REMARKS:
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
200
70
24
150
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
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COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
2.4-Dichlorophenol
FORMULA:
MOL. WT. 163.00
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
3.0
147
0.35
0.96
5.3
1*7
0.15
0.96
9.0
141
0.29
0.96
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
147
fiR
29
13
157
112
80
57
HI
72
37
19
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
i.n
0.1
0.01
0.1
ft,n
0.01
1?
1.1
0.001
17
1.7
n,?
C0. mg/l
1 0
0.1
n oi
6 4
0.9
n i
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 241.2 nm at pH 11
REMARKS:
152
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
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COMPOUND: 1,2-Dichloropropane
STRUCTURE:
H Cl H
ClC CC
H
H
H H
FORMULA:
C3H6C12
MOL. WT.
112.99
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
T/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
n.nm
PH
5.3
5.86
0.60
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
5.9
"1.5
0.37
0.09
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. rng/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
600
0.01
2700
240
0.001
11,000
1,100
96
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
170
68
27
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G. C. Purge and Trap
REMARKS:
-------
COMPOUND
inn
1,2-Dichloropropane
O
CQ
cc
E
O)
O
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6
5
4
3
2
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t
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p
X
X1
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7891 2 345678
0.1 1
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Vo 2 3 4 5
678
1
10
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
96
192
385
577
769
1154
1538
2692 i
pH= 5.3
Cf C0-C,=X X/M
.00
).654.
1, 370 .-
3.143^
3.0916
3,0618
.0352
.0238
.0147
0.346
0.630
0.857
0.908
0.938
0.965
0.976
0.985
3.60
3.28
2.23
1.57
1.22
0.836
0.635
0.366
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
155
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
1,2-Dichloropropene
H Cl H
I I I
_
H
FORMULA:
MOL. WT.
110.98
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
8.21
0.46
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
8.2
2.8
0.97
0.33
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
nm
0.1
320
0.01
1,000
93
0.001
3,000
300
27
Co-
mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
120
35
10
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G. C. Purge and Trap
REMARKS:
156
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
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COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Dieldrin
Cl
FORMULA:
C12H8° C16
MOL. WT.
380.91
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
5.3
606
0.51
0.94
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
606
185
57
17
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
4.8
0.01
17
1.6
0.001
56
5.5
0.5
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
1.7
0.5
0.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - G.C.
REMARKS:
158
-------
COMPOUND
1000
Dieldrin
O
co
ec
E
0»
CO
ec
O
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a
at
E
100
10
J
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1.0
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s
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\
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i
loom2 3 ' 5b7.6b'i 2 3 l -"rf.'rfi 2 3 4 566.'f 2 3 4 5T
RESIDUAL CONC (Cf), mg/l
i
0
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
20
9*
1
Cf
0.212
0.0905
0.0104
0.0021
0.0017
0.0012
0.0010
0.0008
0.0007
0.0005
l pH=
C0-C,=X
0.1215
0.2016
0.2099
0.2103
0.2108
0.2110
0.2112
0.2113
0.2115
5.3
X/M
122
80.6
42.0
28.0
21.1
16.9
14.1
10.6
8.46
Cf
pH=
c0-Cf=x
X/M
Cf
pH=
c0-cf=x
X/M
159
-------
COMPOUND: Diethylene glycoT
STRUCTURE:
HO-
H
i
C
i
H
H
i
- c- o
i
H
H
i
-c -
i
H
H
i
C
i
H
-OH
FORMULA:
C4H10°3
MOL. WT. 106.12
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
pH
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
C0. mg/l
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: To^1 Organic Carbon
REMARKS: Not adsorbed
160
-------
COMPOUND: Pi ethyl ene qlvco'l
1 Z 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891
3 45678
1
o
CD
ec
E
o»
o
ui
CO
O
O
O)
E
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200
PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
11.8
11.0
11.2
12. n
12.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
pH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
13.4
13.8
12.6
18.2
12.8
11.4
11.4
15.4
PH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
11.6
11.2
11.2
11.4
11,0
11.0
10.8-
11.4
161
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Dlethyl phthalate
H
FORMULA:
C12H1404
MOL. WT.
222.24
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.4
no
0.27
0.81
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
110
59
32
17
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
15
0.01
31
2.8
0.001
59
5.8
0.5
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
9.0
1.7
0.3
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 228 run.
REMARKS:
162
-------
COMPOUND:
Dlethyl phthalate
O
00
E
o»
CO
at.
O
CO
O
O)
E
1,000
100
10
^
= =
,-*^
*^m
"""
^
i
^
*
.-«»
L^-
^<
*
1 2 3456789) 2 34567891 2 3456789 4 78
'I 1.0 10 100 1,000
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
4.9
9.9
IQ.fi
24.4
49.7
59.1
72.8
99.0
121
148
196
P"= 5.4
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
18.88
17.47
17.11
14.65
14.41
5.89
5.64
4.88
4.13
2.69
1.44
0.86
1.41
1.77
4 ?T
4.47
12.99
13.24
14.00
14.75
16.19
17.44
18.02
283
179
216
183
261
224
192
149
134
118
92
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
163
-------
COMPOUND: 4-Dimethylarm'noazQbenzene
STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
MOL. WT. 225-3
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
7.0
249
0.24
0.96
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
249
140
83
48
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
6.3
0.01
12
1.1
0.001
21
2.1
0.2
C0, mg/l
1.0
0,1
0.01
4.0
0.71
0.12
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Visible Spectroscopy 450 nm
REMARKS: OSHA regulated carcinogen
-------
COMPOUND:
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
1
7
6
5
4
i
g 2
u
E 9
o>
^x 6
2 «
S >
0 ,
10
o
4
0) i
r n
7
«. G
S r
f, 3
^ 4
*
3
2
I
i fpoc
100
10
1.0
o.ootoi 2 3 4 56.7d
_ ^^- *^
^
=*
.
ft
T,
^--="
"~
g
t ^i ^"
_
.
^
^ "*
fl1 234 365,^ 2 3 4 S670
~ ^-^
..-r-"
r^
9J 4567.
.0
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
n
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
5.0
PH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
).?an
).198
).138
J.065
3.045
0,019
0.007
0.0053
D.0035
0.082
0.142
0.215
0.235
0.261
0.273
0.275
0.276
164
142
143
118
104
91
68.7
55.3
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
165
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
N-Dimethvlnitrosamine
H
O
II
N
H
H-C- IM -C -
H
H
(CHJJVNO
FORMULA: v 3'2
MOL. WT.
74.08
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
PH
7.5
6.8 x 10"5
6.6
0.62
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
250
6.8 x 10~5
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
> 100, 000
0.01
> 100, 000
>100,000
0.001
> 100, 000
>100,000
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
>100,000
> 100, 000
>100,000
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.
REMARKS: OSHA regulated carcinogen.
166
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
00
00
o
CT>
cn
ro
en
-£»
O1
-t=»
CT>
tn
ro
tn
_,
vo
cr>
o
-j
o
rN3
o
ro
^
'
ro
00
o
_.
o
ro
^
. i
00
*
CO
o
_,
o
Ul
"^
10
ro
^
tn
_,
tn
01
GO
o
VO
O
Ss
111 £
3 0
\
o
I
n
n
x
X
5
n
n
o
n
n
X
X
*v
_n
n
o
n
ii
X
X
^v
X
II
en
o
X
II
o
X
II
0-7
rv co ^ in
90
m ~
j/j
O -,
c fc;
^0. IJ1
o>
n ^
r»o
(O
o
O
O
O
O
-s
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
2,4-Dimethyl phenol
FORMULA:
MOL. WT.
122.17
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
3.0
78
0.44
0.93
5.8
70
0.44
0.92
9.0
108
0.33
0.93
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
78
28
10
3.8
70
25
9.1
3.3
108
50
23
11
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
i n
0.1
0.01
0.1
3fi
0.01
nn
98
0.001
3nn
30
2.7
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
14
4.0
1.0
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 238 nm at pH 11
REMARKS:
168
-------
2,4-Dimeth.ylphenol
Z
o
CO
Of
<
u
E
o>
to
t*.
O
V)
O
O)
E
0.01
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1
2.5
5.0
10
15
25
50
60
75
100
150
200
300
500
1000
P»=3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
19.88
18.80
18.02
16.49
14.36
11.04
9.06
7.49
5.49
1.95
D.70
3.34
1.08
1.86
3.39
5.52
8.84
10.82
12.39
14.39
17.93
19.18
19.54
432
372
226
271
177
180
165
144
120
96
39
"H=5.8
Cf c0-Cf=x X/M
20.36
19.85
19.42
19.28
18.64
Ifi.Ofi
12.19
6.66
3.05
1.14
0,16
0.13
0.51
0.94
1.08
1.7?
4.30
8.17
13.7
17.31
19.22
20.20
20.23
510
376
216
17?
17?
163
137
115
96
40
20
* PH=9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
20.48
19. ?5
19.19
17.fi?
1 5 . ?fi
9.06
7.27
5.46
0.83
0.46
0.17
0.13
1.?3
1.29
? fifi
5.1?
11.42
13.21
15.02
19.65
20.02
20.31
?0.3.
-------
COMPOUND.
STRUCTURE.
Dimethylphenylcarbi nol
FORMULA:
H
i
H- C
I
H
CgH120
OH
i
- c -
(-^S)
tQJ
H
i
C - H
i
H
MOI WT "136.20
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0
110
0.60
0.98
pH 7 and 9 pooled
210
0.34
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
420
110
27
6.7
460
210
97
44
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
Cf, mg/l
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
9.0
0.01
21
1.9
0.001
46
4.5
0.41
C0. rng/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
4.7
1.0
0.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: ultraviolet Spectroscopy 244 nm
REMARKS.
170
-------
COMPOUND: D^ethylphenylcarblnol
80
u
E
o>
s
s
Q
O)
E
Ij
6
5
4
3
2
7
6
5
4
3
1
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
O.I
1000
100
1
10
^""^
--
*e
?v
-+-'
^
*^
X
-^
^
^
X*
--
**
,
4
^-^
t
1
^
^
*
i
L
^
/
k-, 2 3 4 5 6J 8*1 2 3 4 5 6 7JS 91 2 3456 S 9 t 2 4567891
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
pH= 3,0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
11.64
9,37
7.85
5.22
2.97
0.88
2.27
3.79
6.42
8.67
10.8
454
379
257
173
108
pH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.00
7.64
5.66
3.08
0.88
0.15
0.02
2.36
4.34
6.92
9.12
9.85
9.98
472
434
277
182
99
67
pH=9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.69
7.37
5.72
3.02
0.92
0.09
2.32
3.97
6.67
8.77
9.60
464
397
267
175
96
J71
-------
STRUCTURE:
o
II
©-c-
II
o
FORMULA, C10H10°4
O
o
-CH3
-CH3
MOL. WT. .
194.18
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
All data pooled
97
0.41
0.93
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
250
97
38
15
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
24
0.01
67
6.1
0.001
180
17
1.6
Co-
mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
9.9
2.6
0.7
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 230 nm
REMARKS:
172
-------
UNO: Dimethyl phthalate
Z
o
en
E
0)
a
Ul
CO
o
a
0>
E
»i
6
5
4
3
2
I
6
5
4
3
2
I
'
6
5
4
3
2
1
0.
1000
100
10
X
^-
,x*
f ^
p^
A
ki
*
ff
+
^
^
4M
^
^^
^
X
^
I
|
r
2 34567891 Z 345S789I 2 34567891 2 345
01 0.1 1.0 10
RESIDUAL CONG (Cf), mg/l
678
TOO
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
100
150
200
PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.50
7.40
3.55
1.70
0.30
0.10
2.10
5.95
7.80
9.20
9.40
210
238
78
61
47
PH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
q.qn
8.65
7.65
3.90
1,67
0.4.-?
0.10
1.25
2.25
6.00
8.23
9.47
Q.ftD
250
225
?40
82
fi3
4Q
A pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9 60
8.50
7.50
3.65
l.Ftf
n ^n
n ?2
1.10
2.10
5.95
a. OR
°> 10
9 38
220
210
23R
81
61
47
173
-------
COMPOUND: 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
MOL. WT.
198.14
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
3.0
237
0.32
0.97
5.2
169
35
0.98
9.0
42.74
0.90
0.99
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
237
114
55
26
169
76
34
15
.43
fi.3
n 7
0.1
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
GO- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
12
0.01
28
2.6
0.001
63
6.2
0.6
Co-
mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
6.0
1.3
0.3
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 271 nm
REMARKS:
174
-------
COMPOUND- 4.6-Dinitro-o-cresol
.10.000
2 3 4567891
100
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
20
25
50
1*
100
125
150
200
4
Cf
19.09
16.95
15.90
14.36
9.79
9.77
3.39
1.10
0.43
0.23
Brit
1 pH= 3
C0-Cf=X
2.14
3.19
4.73
9.30
9.32
15.70
17.99
18.66
18. S6
19:8
.0
X/M
856
638
473
465
373
314
248
187
151
}%
\
Cf
19.05
17.65
16.78
14.52
12.24
10.70
5.42
2.85
1.18
n.fi?
0.32
o.?n
I PH= 5.
c0-Cf=x
1.40
2.27
4.53
6.81
8.35
13.63
16.20
17.87
18.43
18.73
18.85
2
X/M
560
454
453
340
334
273
216
179
147
125
94,?
i
Cf
18.06
16.52
15.66
13.68
10.12
10.08
6.63
4.99
4.10
3.1fi
2.36
I PH= 9
c0-cf=x
1.54
2.40
4.38
7.94
7.98
11.43
13.07
13.96
u.qn
15.70
.0
X/M
616
480
438
397
319
229
174
140
119
105
175
-------
COMPOUND: 2,4-Dinitrophenol
STRUCTURE:
.-.-
FORMULA: 6425
MOL WT.
184.11
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0
160
0.37
0.99
7.0
33
0.61
0.89
9.0
41
0.25
0.87
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
380
160
69
29
140
33
8.0
1.9
73
41
23
13
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
no
0.01
500
45
0.001
2,100
200
18
Co. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
30
13
5.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 260 run
REMARKS:
176
-------
COMPOUND: 2.4-Dinitrophenol
O
03
E
o>
Q
ui
OB
O
O
o>
E
0.01
3 4 567891
0.1
3 4 56789)
1.0
RESIDUAL CONC (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
25
50
100
150
200
PH= 3.0
Cj Co Cf=X X/M
9.88
8.90
7.95
7.02
3.66
0.98
0.24
0.09
0.04
0.98
1.93
2.86
6,22
8.90
9.64
9.79
9.84
392
386
286
248
178
96
65
49
PH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.95
9.48
9.19
7,63
5.83
3.69
2.69
1.06
0.47
0.76
2.32
4.12
6.26
7.26
8.89
188
152
93
82
63
48
44
pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.97
9.52
9.27
8.39
6.93
4.49
2.30
1.14
0.45
0.70
1.58
3.04
5.48
7.67
8.83
90
70
63
61
55
51
44
177
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
FORMULA:
MOL. WT.
182.14
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.01
pH
5.4
14fi
0.31
0.94
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
146
71
34
17
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
GO- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
13
0.01
29
2.6
0.001
59
5.9
0.5
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
6.9
1.4
0.3
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 252 nm.
REMARKS:
178
-------
COMPOUND:
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
1
I
6
5
4
3
2
I
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1,000
100
10
*
^
1
J
pf
1
H
01^^
1
^->
^»
»
l«
-
*-^
^-^"
**
t
**
1
1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567
0.01 0.1 1.0
1
. '
1
_^-^
891 3456781
10 IOC
z
o
00
E
o>
o
ui
OQ
O
to
0
O)
E
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
20
25
BO
75
100
125
150
200
* PH= 5.4
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.46
8.46
8.48
6.92
4.42
4.31
1 Ifi
0.290
0.140
0.085
0.080
0.090
1.00
0.980
2.54
5.04
5.15
R 30
9.17
9.32
9.38
9.38
9.37
400
196
254
?R?
206
Ififi
122
93
75
63
47
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
179
-------
COMPOUND: 2,6-Dinitrotoluene
STRUCTURE:
°2NtOTN°2
FORMULA:
MOL WT.
182.14
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
i.n
0.1
0.01
n.nm
PH
5.4
145
0.32
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
145
70
33
16
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
13
0.01
30
2.7
0.001
62
6.2
0.6
Co, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
6.9
1.4
0.3
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 242 nm.
REMARKS:
180
-------
2,6-Dlnitrotoluene
1
6
4
§ '
« 2
ec 2
c i
C 9
» ?
\ 6
S
s
8 .
O
o> ;
E ?
v 6
S
>T ,
X
3
2
1
l.OOC
100
10
c
-i
^
J
-
o.'oi 2 3 4 56769.i 2 3 4 SIY.
.^-
^>"
,*
41
1
F"i
l*^
ii
91 2 3456791 45678
0 10 1(
i
JO
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
20
25
50
60
75
100
125
150
PH=5,4
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.58
9.80
9.28
8.00
5.48
4.50
1.45
0.89
0.56
0.38
0.21
0.14
0.780
1.30
2.58
5.10
6.08
9.13
9.69
10.02
10.20
10.37
10.44
312
260
258
255
243
183
162
134
102
83
70
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
181
-------
COMPOUND: Diphpnylaminp
STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
C12H11N
MOL WT. 169-24
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
All data pooled
120
0.31
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
240.
120
57
28
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
16
0.01
35
3.2
0.001
72
7.?
0.65
GO- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
8.5
1.8
0.4
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 279 nm
REMARKS:
182
-------
COMPOUND: Dlphenylanrine
Z
o
CQ
0£
<
u
E
O)
o
111
to
O
to
O)
E
1
6
5
4
3
2
1
6
5
4
3
2
t
1
6
5
4
3
2
1
0.
1000
100
-
10
.-"-1
«>!
r<
*
r
J **
-l
. »-*^
?"
^
V
c
2:
.-^
-^
^^
*-
a
i
r
2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34 678"
01 o.i i.o 10 loo
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
?5
50
100
150
200
PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
Q 80
8.64
7.88
4.38
2.82
0.55
0.19
0.06
1.16
1.92
5.42
6,98
9.25
9.61
9.74
232
192
217
140
93
64
49
pH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10rOf
8.8C
7.73
4,45
2.65
0.73^
0.19
0.04
1.20
2.27
5.55
7.35
9.27
9.81
9.96
240
227
222
147
93
65
50
PH=9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9,88
8.70
7.42
4.37
2.51
0.62
0.19
0.04
1,18
2.46
5.51
7.37
9.26
9.69
9.84
236
246
220
147
93
65
49
183
-------
COMPOUND: 1 »1-D1pheny1hydraz1ne
STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
C12H12N2
MOL WT. 184.24
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
7.5
135
0.16
0.75
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
194
135
94
65
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
10
0.01
15
1.4
0.001
22
2.2
0.2
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
7.4
1.1
0.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 230 nm
REMARKS:
-------
OUND: 1.1-DlDhenvlhvdrazlne
7
(
5
4
§ '
59 2
E
o»
o
LU
CO
O
o
n
6
^ 5
< ;
1.0
1 2 34567891
0.01 0.1
2 34567891 2 3456 91
1.0 10
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
3 4567 91
100
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
4.6
4.6
11.2
56.1
112
P"= 7.5
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.95
9.07
9.09
7.83
0.46
0.39
0.88
0.86
2.12
9.49
9.56
191
187
190
167
85
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
185
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
- N N -
I I
H H
FORMULA:
MOL. WT.
184.24
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1
n 1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
16,000
2.0
0.95
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
16,000
Ifin
1.5
0.015
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
5.7
0.01
630
57
0.001
63,000
6,200
570
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.06
0.64
6.7
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Organic Carbon
REMARKS: Rapid oxidation to azobenzene; azobenzene solubility is
0.25 mg/l.
186
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
oo
CO
CO
o
o
en
-P*
O
CO
-Pi
-PS.
CO
ro
en
O
O
CM
O
i
0
t
CO
0
o
en
nn
0
-fc.
O
O
en
o
ro
CO
O
en
r\>
CO
0
o
CO
o
en
CO
O
O
CO
O
ro
CTi
O
,
o
CTt
O
O
O
O
O
CO
00
"* jn
m OB
3 O
\
n
o
1
_n
"7i
x
X
n
n
o
n
n
X
X
\
r
n
o
n
n
X
X
o
X
n
en
lA
o
X
II
o
X
II
O
0
o
A.
0*
r.oi 2 3 4 5678c
RESIDUAL CO
z^-
K ~
3
(Q
N^ ^
o&
K»
0
lA»
*»
-J
o
rsj
v
*»
S
o
o
""*s~
"^
^»
^v
»s
^
%
0
o
**.
^^>
S
a
S
q
n
0
9
5
z
o
1 ,2-Oiphenylhydrazine
o
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
a-Endosulfan
FORMULA: C9H6C1fiS03
MOL. WT.
406.93
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
n.m
0.001
PH
5.3
194
0.50
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
194
61
19 ]
6.1
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
15
0.01
50
4.6
0.001
160
16
1.4
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
5.2
1.6
0.5
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - G.C.
REMARKS: Data were obtained on a mixture containing 62% alpha and
38% beta isomers.
188
-------
POUND:
a-Endosulfan
Z
o
eo
ec
E
o»
00
Of.
O
o>
E
t
a
t
J
6
5
4
3
2
1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
8
7
6
S
4
3
2
1
0.
10
1.0
^^
X I
hi
j
x
^
X
**
^^
i
x^
X*
^
^
^
ix"
boooi* 3 4 5rf.7dffli 2 3 4 5&.76(
1
-^
^^^
f ^
S>
-
-
<
^
91 2 3456
)1 0.01
, '
^
m
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Cl Cl
FORMULA:
C9H6C16S03
MOL. WT.
406.93
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
i.n
0.1
0.01 I
0.001
pH
5.3
615
0.83
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
615
92
14
2.0
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
10
0.01
74
6.7
0.001
500
50
4.5
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
1.6
1.1
0.7
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - G.C.
REMARKS: Data were obtained on a mixture containing 62% alpha and
38% beta isomers.
190
-------
MPOUND:
g-Endosulfan
Z
o
eo
to.
E
o>
CD
DC
O
o>
E
!
q
i
a
i
9
2
1
i
£
CJ
>
0
10
1.0
0.1
00001
4
/
/
j
^
°(
/
/
1 8
D.
/
/
n 2
0001
.
/
Sm
S\
i
'
/
r
\
/
5 6
(
X
> i
3.
/
9
0
y
/
i ;
31
/
/
^/
i >
/
^
t
71
/
0.
<*
9 1 ;
01
^
'
/
4
/
c
t
8
0
i
.1
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5
10
25
50
100
150
200
PH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
0.082
0.052
0.017
0.008
0.004
0.001
0.0006
0.0004
0.0003
0.0002
0.030
0.065
0.074
0.078
0.081
0.081
0.082
0.082
0.082
30.0
26.0
14.8
7.80
3.24
1.62
0.82
0.54
0.41
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
191
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Endosulfan sulfate
FORMULA:
o
qfifi
MOL. WT.
422.93
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
5.3
686
0.81
0.99
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, m9/Bm
686
105
16
2.5
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
8.5
0.01
60
5.5
0.001
390
39
3.5
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
1.5
1.0
0.6
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - 6.C,
REMARKS:
192
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
OJ .te ISt
OO
OO
0
^^
OO
r^CD
i^Ss^
rTvn
OO
OO
tntn
00
TO
o
ro
00
OO
00
00
OO
'ro
OO
_i_i
OO
tntn
00
CTT-J
roo
en
OO
o
OO
OO
OO
o
-F*ro
OO
_!_1
OO
en r^
>ro
OO
tn-J
ro
tn
O
o
o
ro
co
o
_i
o
CO
^
_i
o
o
o
o
o
ro
CTl
o
_,
0
ro
_
ro
tn
o
o
o
to
o
o
o
10
CTi
_.
ro
ro
tn
o
o
ro
^j
o
o
OO
CO
.
ro
_
o
o
o
tn
r^
o
o
tn
_u
tn
.
O
o
0
_,
o
tn
§2
«/> »
m S
3 O
\
f^
^M
o
1
n
^^i
"
X
X
5
*
n
o
n
n
X
X
\
o
n
o
n
n
X
X
^
Tl
X
CO
o
X
n
a
X
n
S_J-
o
o
O
fsj
to
1^1
0*
O^
0*
o
o
5 -
in
o -
C «.
>
r-
r» o-
obd
z°r
r>
r? ~
^» __
3 "
(Q
\ ,
3
$
o
D
^
Z
cp
m
3
CL
O
in
c.
-h
O>
3
1/5
C
-h
O)
rf
fD
-------
COMPOUND: Endrin
STRUCTURE.
CICI
FORMULA: C1?HaC1fi°
MOL. WT.
381.0
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
' 666
0.80
0.95
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
666
106
17
2.7
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
8.5
0.01
60
5.4
0.001
380
37
3.4
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
1.5
0.9
0.6
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - G.C.
REMARKS:
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
o _
o
o
0
o
o
3
-
b
10
ro
cn
o
o
O
o
o
vo
*
CO
cn
o
O
O
8
o
o
ro
o
ro
cn
O
o
o
o
o
o
ro
o
'O
ro
cn
o
o
cn
o
o
CO
CO
o
;-
O
0
o
cn
o
o
cn
cn
,
O
o
o
_,
o
§C
m
3 O
Nj
f)
"^*
r\
o
I
_r»
"7i
x
X
""^
5
&
n
o
n
n
X
X
-v.
£
o
n
n
X
X
V.
o
X
II
co
o
X
II
o
X
II
o
o
o
fNJ
Co
. 0.
o
TO
m ~
vt
6 -
C ^
i- "
n
7^ ^
y^
3 ~
(O
ro
o
\
. SL
\
^
\
s
\
fe
s
V
\
V
s
^
o
v
\
1 1 \
\_
\
\
\
I
\
1
V
^
Vy
O
o
y
v
\
oO
§5
-
w
O
c
z
3
m
Q.
-------
COMPOUND
STRUCTURE:
Ethanol
FORMULA:
H
I
H-C
t
H
C2HgO
H
1
C-OH
I
H
MOL WT 46.07
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
PH
5.3
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
C0. mg/l
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Organic Carbon
REMARKS:
Not adsorbed
196
-------
COMPOUND: Ethanol
Z
o
GO
Of.
O
O)
E
1 2 34567891 2 3456
7891 2 3
4
5
6 7
4
6 a
1
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
190
480
954
1520
4800
9600
PH=5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
66.8
63.9
62.7
63.1
65.4
62,7
62.4
2.90
4.10
3.70
1.40
4.10
4.40
15.2
8.54
3.88
0.92
0.85
0.46
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
197
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Ethyl benzene
CH2CH3
FORMULA: C8H10
MOL. WT. 106.16
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
7.4
53
0.79
0.96
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
325
53
8.5
1.4
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/i
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
110
0.01
710
65
0.001
4,400
440
40
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
19
12
7.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 260 nm
REMARKS:
198
-------
COMPOUND
10.000
Ethyl benzene
Z
o
CD
E
o>
a
LU
CO
O
Q
O)
E
innn
100
10
/
jf
jf
JT
f
/
*
/
4
m
t
/
1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 3456
01 0.1 l.o
1
/
/*
\
h »
if
^
89 2 34 6781
10 1°°
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
25
50
inn
200
pH= 7.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
24.3
22.5
20.4
18.9
16.2
10.2
5,4
3.fi
2.1
1.80
3.90
5.40
8.10
14.10
18 Q0
?0.70
??.?0
720
780
540
324
282
189
138
111
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
199
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Ethylenediamine
FORMULA:
H
1
N-
1
H
C2H8N2
H
i
C
1
H
H
1
-C
1
H
H
I
-N
I
H
MOL WT. 50.10
FREUNOLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
PH
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
C0. mg/l
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Organic Carbon
REMARKS: Not adsorbed
200
-------
COMPOUND:
Ethylenediamine
o
oo
oc
<
u
E
O
LU
CO
at
O
O)
E
1 2 3456789) 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
in
25
50
100
150
200
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
26.5
25.0
?4.5
24.5
24.0
25.0
?3 R
24.0
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
?R.^
24.5
25 5
25.0
24.5
23.0
?4 0
22.0
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
24 5
?r R
23 5
23.0
25.0
22.0
25 5
26.0
201
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid (EDTA)
HOOCH2C\ /CH2COOH
N-C-C-N
HOOCH2C
I I
H H
\
CH2COOH
ClnH,,N900
FORMULA: '0 16 2 8
MOL. WT. 292.3
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
All data pooled
0.86
1.5
0.92
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
30
0.86
0.25
0.0007
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
Co- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0,1
36.000
0.01
M 00,000
^100.000
0.001
> inn,non
> 100. 000
> 100, 000
C0.
mg/l
i.n
0.1
0.01
1 jfin
3,970
13,600
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Organic Carbon
REMARKS:
202
-------
COMPOUND: Ethyl enedi ami netetraaceti cac i d (EDTA)
z
o
CO
ee.
E
o>
o
ut
CO
O
o>
E
*
fj
tj
4
3
i
H
7
U
5
4
?
1
q
8
7
f;
S
4
3
?
1
0
100
10
1.0
.1 2
3
4
5
f
V.
9d 2
3
/
/
4
"7
/
f
/
6
t|
f
/
1
78 «
fc
g
/
A/
1»
4
^
1 2
4
X
g
/
'
4
/
r
5
6
7 8
10
91
0
3
4
5
6fd
d6
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
50
100
200
400
600
800
1000
PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
39.2
30.0
26.8
19.5
17.0
14.6
13.4
11.4
9.2
12.4
19,7
22.2
24.6
25.8
27.8
184
124
98.5
55.5
41.0
32.3
27.8
PH=7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
39.2
25.1
?3.1
17.0
15.1
11.7
8.8
14.1
16.1
22.2
24.1
27.5
30.4
141
80.5
55.5
40.2
34.4
30.4
4 pH= g.o
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
39.2
28.2
24.3
14.6
7.30
11.0
14.9
24.6
31.8
220
149
61.5
31.9
203
-------
COMPOUND: bis(2~Ethy1hexy1) phthlate
STRUCTURE:
- O
- O
CH2CH(C2H5)C4 H9
CH2CH(C2H5)C4 HQ
FORMULA:
MOL. WT. 390.56
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
n m
0.001
PH
5.3
11,300
1,5
0.91
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
11,300
340
in
0.32
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
i.n
0.1
0.01
n i
?.B
n.m
88
8.0
0.001
2,800
280
25
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
0.3
1.0
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.
REMARKS:
20^
-------
COMPOUND
TOO
bis (2-Ethylhexyl) phthlate
O
80
Ctf
E
O)
CD
ot
O
O)
E
10
1.0
0.1
1 2 34567891 2 1456
|
/
/
/
/
/
|
I
/
|
'
/
/
7891 2 34567
f
/
91 2 3456
1
0.00001
0.0001 0.001 0.01
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
0.1
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
B
7.5
10
12.5
*x 103
P"= 5.3
Cf* C0-Cf=X X/M
11.03
5.94
3.28
.ran
2.29
2.00
1.83
5.09
7.75
7.?3
8.74
9.03
9.20
5.09
3.10
1.4R
1.17
0.903
0.736
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
205
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Fluoranthene
FORMULA:
MOL. WT. 202.26
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
664
0.61
0.88
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
664
164
41
10
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
6.0
0.01
24
2.2
0.001
inn
9.9
0.9
C0, mg/l
i.n
0.1
0.01
i R
0.6
0.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.
REMARKS:
206
-------
1
i
(
1
i
z ,
o
«° 2
C* 2
<
o
1!
\ 6
2 *
£ '
2 »
o
<
« i
fc 5
* J
* 4
{
3
2
1
COM
l.OOf
100
10
,0
'OUND:
r luurdntnene
X
X
x
/"
i
i
x
1 x^
--
X
X
^
X
x^
^
7
2 34567891 2 34567891 2 3456789 2 3
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0 01
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
4567.
.i
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5
7.5
12.5
P»= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
0.0581
0.0140
n.nni4
0.0008
0.0012
0.0005
0.0441
n.n^fi?
0.0573
0.0569
0.0576
44.1
??.7
11..5
7.6
4.6
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/N(
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
207
-------
COMPOUND: Fluorene
STRUCTURE:
FORMULA: 13 10
MOL WT. 166.22
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
330
0.28
0.94
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
330
170
89
46
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
n.i
0.01
0.1
5.3
0.01
11
1.0
0.001
22
2.1
0.2
Co, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
3.0
0.6
0.1
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.
REMARKS:
208
-------
o
oo
Of
E
o>
o
LU
GO
O
V)
Q
O»
E
1
0
*
7
6
5
4
3
2
'
7
6
5
4
3
Z
1
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
o!
fflJW
l.OOC
in
^**-
"»" 1
1.0
r
j
***"
1
IN
f*"
D:
Fluorene
»
[**
H
.
I ^^^
ft
f
J»^
'
^J
1
»-
1
^
_ -
^-^
,--'
J
1-
^
,
^^
s**-
^
(JO] 2 345 6(J jig] 2 3456 7191. 2 34567891 345671
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
91
10
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1
2.5
5
7.5
10
15
20
25
PH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
1.21
0.972
0.501
0.061
0.051
0.023
0.010
0.003
0.002
0.238
0.709
1.149
1.159
1.187
1.200
1.207
1.208
238
284
230
155
11Q
80.0
60.4
48.3
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
f
209
-------
COMPOUND: 5-Fluorouracil
STRUCTURE:
H
it
O
FORMULA:
MOL. WT. 130.08
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
pH 3 and 7 pooled
5.5
1.0
0.87
9.0
1.3
1.4
0.79
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
59
5.5
0.50
0.047
34
1.3
0.05
0.002
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
i n
0.1
0.01
0.1
1 ,800
i
0.01
21 ,oon
1,900
0.001
> 100,000
23,000
2,100
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
183
198
215
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 269 nm
REMARKS.
210
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
o
o
o
to
en
S
ro
OO
-P>
CO
en
-J
CO
ro
00
en
00
CO
to
to
10
en
o
en
oo
.0
^
^
\5
.0
S\
£»
^
oo
&
N3
.0
Ti
O
DO
S3
XI
y\
O
0
O
CM
-ft.
"^
CO
CO
co
co
CM
00
co
o
CO
o
-vl
-vl
CM
ro
o
**xj
ro
en
o
^
CM
ro
o
en
_^
-«j
to
CO
-
CO
CO
to
00
^
'
_i
\3
(V)
PO
en
CO
en
to
'
ro
ro
^
CO
O
O
to
ro
CM
o
en
en
en
en
to
co
CO
0
en
CO
-.
CO
c,
en
PO
O
uO
co
en
to
CO
o
CO
00
CM
0
CO
O
CO
^1
CM
to
o
o
PO
CO
^
CM
0
to
CO
tc-
00
CM
to
00
CO
§2
" 70
3 0
\
n
o
o
1
n
"7i
x
X
5
"^
n
o
n
n
x
X
"s^
5
~
n
o
-i?
n
X
X
Q
II
O
o
I
II
(
o
*
o
II
to
o
o
o
0°
TO
J/J
O^
c ^
>
1
n^
o r*°
Z o-
p
r? ^
*%
3
«.
«
L/l ffl --J
s _l
x
QBlO-Ht r
p
v
\
\
V
\^
SJ
^f
1
^s
U*
te
tr
h.
r
{
j\ Ol vJ
I
V
x. ^
OBto ^
0
O
'==
N
J
^
fc I
/I
0
O
0
n
O
?
T>
O
Z
o
(J1
1
TI
c
0
-s
c
-s
n>
n
.^*
__j
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
o
II
HINT
NH
FORMULA:
MOL. WT.
151.13
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0
75
0.48
0.98
pH 7 and 9 pooled
120
0.40
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
230
75
25
8.0
300
120
49
20
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
19
0.01
51
4.7
0.001
130
13
1.2
C0, mg/l
1.0
O.I
0.01
8.2
2.0
0.5
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 247 run
REMARKS:
212
-------
COMPOUND:
.10, Of
1000
100
10
l°~1
*
*
_^
t^
X
^»
"
s
^^
s*
-~l
B
w
X*
.!
-f
T
j
>.
-to>^-
. '^
^
^*
^x-
'
r
I
j
^
z
o
to
oc
E
o»
o
ui
eo
O
(A
O
0>
E
100
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
PH=3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.87
8.70
7.93
6.00
2.83
1.22
0.77
1.17
1.94
3.87
7.04
8.65
9.10
234
194
155
141
87
61
pH=7 o
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.92
8.53
7.34
4.76
1.30
0.54
0.25
1.39
2.58
5.16
8.62
9.38
9.67
278
258
206
172
94
64
* PH= g>0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.88
8.40
7.21
4.86
1.47
0.49
0.24
1.48
2.67
5.02
8.41
9.39
9.64
296
267
201
168
94
64
213
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Heptachlor
FORMULA: C10H5C17
MOL. WT.
373.5
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
1220
0.95
0.78
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
1220
140
15
1.7
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
6.6
0.01
64
5.9
0.001
580
57
5.2
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.8
0.7
0.7
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - G. C.
REMARKS:
-------
POUND:
Heptachlor
I
"i
6
5
4
3
2
I
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
q
g
7
fi
s
4
3
?
|
100
10
1.0
^
**
j*
t
-
JJ-^*"
,^^
,^-
x^-
X-
^
1
X
-'
^-^
I
**
*
*
,.^^
1 ,2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 345678
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1
\
.0
O
CD
Of.
E
CB
O
LU
CO
O
O
o>
E
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5
7.5
10
12.5
PH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/fA
0.169
0.0368
0.0353
0.0311
0.0217
0.0137
0.0058
0.1322
0.1337
0.1379
0.1473
0.1553
0.1632
132
53.5
27,6
19.6
15.5
13.1
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/H
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
215
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Heptachlor epoxide
QICI
FORMULA.
MOL. WT.
389.32
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
n.i
0.01
0.001
PH
5.3
1038
0.70
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
1038
210
41
8.3
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
4.3
0.01
24
2.2
0.001
120
12
1.1
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
1.0
0.5
0.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - G. C.
REMARKS:
216
-------
POUND:
Heptachlor epoxide
100
I i
^ 6
eo
Of
O 2
O)
E
10
oloooi2
3 4 5
3 4 56
.'<)<
3 4
2 3 4 5 6 IT
V
RESIDUAL CONC (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5
10
20
25
"H= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
0.0985
0.0279
0.0072;
0.0020'
0.00122
0.00057
0.0004'
0.0706
0.0912
0.0965
0.0973
0.0979
0.0981
70.6
36.5
19.3
9.73
4.90
3.92
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
217
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE.
Hexachlorobenzene
FORMULA-
MOL WT 284.78
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
5.3
450
0.60
0.94
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
450
no
28
7.1
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
8.0
0.01
35
3.2
0.001
140
14
1.3
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
2.2
1.0
0.4
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.
REMARKS:
218
-------
POUND: Hexachlnrnhpn/pne
I
6
5
4
§ '
80 2
£tf 2
<
u
E I
o> 5
\ 6
S
s '
8 >
0
<
°> i
E J
S s
< «
2
1
o.ooc
in
1.0
0.1
4f
jS~
-.4.
s
/
Jtf
?/
/
m
s
s
i
i
,
s
^s*
s
S'
2 34567891 2 34567691 2 3456789 3456781
001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0 01
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
0.025
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
* x 103
PH= 5.3
Cf* C0-Cf=X* X/M
0.7R3
0.597
0.492
0.409
0.254
0.120
0.079
0.156
0.261
0,344
0.499
0.633
0.674
6.24
5.22
3.44
2.50
2.11
1.6Q
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
219
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Hexachlorobutadiene
Cl Cl
Cl
c = c c
Cl
Cl Cl
FORMULA:
C4C16
MOL WT.
260.76
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
n.m
0.001
PH
258
0.45
1.00
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
258
91
32
11
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
48
0.01
150
14
0.001
430
43
3.9
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
3.9
1.1
0.3
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G. C. Purge and Trap
REMARKS:
220
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
U1
o
o
0
ro
o
CO
ro
CO
VO
O
O
CO
O
CO
VJ
CO
rv,
io
no
0
o
o
10
oo
3
CTI
VO
o
o
DO
O
O
rv>
VO
CO
CO
o
1
o
o
o
£5
V
1 °
n
n
o
1
_p
~7i
x
X
Be
-£?
r»
o
n
M
X
X
5
n
o
o
n
ii
X
X
\
X
II
CO
o
X
II
o
X
n
o
o
0 *
o »
Of
JO
m ~
t/t
o
C ^
|p«* v^1
r>o^
Ob"
O
NK_
3
(O
^. ^
o%
sj
t(>
-. .J ~*
^
tn
^^
0-
0
o
\
\
^
\
^
5^
\
\,
\
I
\
0
o
V
\
D
COMPOUND: Hexachlorobutadiene
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Cl
\
Cl
Cl
\
Cl
FORMULA:
C5C16
Cl
MOL. WT.
272.77
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
370
0.17
0.99
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
370
250
180
112
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
Co- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
3.6
0.01
5.9
0.54
0.001
8.9
0.88
0.08
Co-
1.
mg/l
0
0.1
0.
01
2
0
0
.7
.40
.06
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G. C. Purge and Trap
REMARKS:
222
-------
COMPOUND:
in nnn
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Z
o
oo
oc
E
o>
CQ
at
O
O)
E
000
10
0.601
3 < 567Q89dl 2 3 4 567^
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
456789
.0
3 4 5 67891
10
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.54
2.31
3.08
3.85
4.62
5.38
PH= 5.3
Cf C0-C,=X X/M
0.800
0.327
0.159
0.074
0.031
0.017
0,004
0.473
0.641
0.726
0.769
0.783
0.796
307
278
236 .
200
170
148
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
223
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Hexachloroethane
Cl Cl
ClCCCl
Cl Cl
FORMULA:
C2C16
MOL WT.
236.74
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
96.5
0.38
0.93
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
97
41
17
7.2
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
20
0.01
60
5.3
0.001
140
14
1.3
Co. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
10
2.5
0.6
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C. Purge and Trap
REMARKS: Compound contained an impurity which was estimated to be
20% using integrated areas from computer output.
224
-------
z
o
CD
at
E
o>
CO
Of.
O
0.
COMF
1000
100
10
1.0
ou
Nl
3:
Hpxarhlnroethane
^
-1
^
^
x
x-
--
^
T
^
^^
^«
x-'
t)01 2 3 5 S7<*!001 2 3 4 567M0.01 2 34567
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
,*
^^"^
^«-
^
r
Le
4
'
b'.i 3 4 5b7f.s(i
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
9.6
19.2
38.5
58
96
192
pH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
0.974
0.484
0.051
0.014
0.011
0.002
0.0010
0.490
0.923
0.960
0.963
0.972
0.973
50.9
48.0
?5.0
16.7
10.1
5.06
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
225
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Hexamethvlenedi ami ne
H
i
N-(CH9)
i *
H
FORMULA:
C6H16N2
H
i
-N
H
MOL WT. II6-12
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
pH
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Of, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
C0. mg/l
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Organic Carbon
REMARKS: Not adsorbed
226
-------
COMPOUND- Hexamethyl enedi ami ne
1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891
3 4567 91
z
o
to
ee,
<
u
E
o>
CO
oe.
O
CO
O
o>
E
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200
pH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
12.2
11.4
11.2
10.6
11.6
10.6
11.4
12.0
pH= 7.01
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
11.8
11.8
11.2
11.2
12.0
11.4
12.0
11.0
PH= 8.95
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
11.6
11.4
13.2
11.6
11.4
11.0
11.2
10.6
227
-------
COMPOUND: Hydroquinone
STRUCTURE:
HO-
-OH
FORMULA:
C6H6°2
MOL. WT. 110'12
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1 0
6!l
0.01
pH
3.0
90
0.25
0.92
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
160
90
51
29
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
i .n
0.1
0.01
0.1
1R
0.01
35
3.2
0.001
fi2
6.2
0.56
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
11
2.0
0.3
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at pH 3.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 288 nm
REMARKS: Hydroquinone is unstable at pH 7 and 9: colored products are formed,
228
-------
CJ1
0
o
.£»
IO
CD
2
O
o
o
-g
ID
co
CO
CO
en
o
CO
.pi
CD
CD
LO
N)
CD
CD
co
-e»
CO
CD
O
00
^J
_
CO
co
0
en
CD
_i
o
UD
0
0
O
O
0
OB
3 O
\
n
"*"
n
o
I
n
n
x
X
5
T
n
o
n
n
X
X
*v»
r\
n
o
n
n
X
X
\
o
X
n
co
o
^
X
II
o
X
II
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
o _
30
m
-
z° -
p
"n
3
(O
o -
O
o
o
38
c
z
a
a.
o
.o
o
3
fD
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Isophorone
CH3
H H
FORMULA:
CgH-140
MOL. WT.
138.21
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10.0
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
5.5
32
0.39
0.93
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
78.3
32.0
13.1
5.4
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
i n
0.1
0.01
0.1
7f)
0.01
190
17
0.001
460
46
4.2
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
31
7.6
1.9
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Carbon
REMARKS:
230
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
'en
00
00
^3
o
CO
3iC-J
^
toco
£S
CO
o
o
o
10
o
0?
o
PO
o
o
CTl
_^
o
en
rv>
en
en
o
en
O
o
o
o
5
INJ
en
CO
Co
0
CO
ro
O
O
o
CTl
o
en
O
en
O
en
Hi
^
-p*
CTi
CO
CTl
CO
-P»
CO
en
O
CO
V^J
'
CO
to
CO
CO
POO
en
5S
CO*
NJO
CO
CO
^
N3
s>
m o»
3 O
^
0
^*
n
o
1
n
n
x
*
o
o
n
M
X
X
\
n
n
o
n
n
X
X
\
o
Z
II
en
en
o
X
II
o
II
O
o-
ro
UJ
CT>
OB
96.i 2 3 ' 5678<
RESIDUAL CO
o ,.
3
- ^ u «. u, 01^,01
O
UA
\-
\
\
\
^
\
\
\
L.
J!
1
~ * 0, ..
o
o
1
^
" r»
POUND.- Isophorone
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Methylene chloride
Cl
Cl C H
H
FORMULA:
CH2Cl2
MOL. WT.
84.94
FREUNOLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
5.8
1.30
1.16
0.96
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
19.0
1.3
0.09
0.006
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
10.000
0.01
>100.000
14,000
0.001
>100.000
>100,000
21.000
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
770
1,100
1,700
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G-c- ' Pur9e and Trap
REMARKS.
232
-------
COMPOUND: Methylene chloride
o
ca
Of
E
O)
O
LU
flO
1.0
0.1
0.01
6.001'
3
4
H
c
5 7 8
91 o.tf
1 3
t
/
y
> 6
f
^
/
'
-------
COMPOUND.
STRUCTURE:
4,4'-Methylene-Bis(2-chloroam'line)
FORMULA:
Cl
Cll p "1 M
-i orl-i r\\j 1 o'»O
NH2
' Cl
NH2
MOl, WT.
264.28
FREUNOLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
7.5
190
0.64
0.90
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
820
190
43
10
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
21
_
_
0.01
99
9.0
_
0.001
440
43
3.9
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
5.3
2.3
1.0
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 240 nm
REMARKS: OSHA regulated carcinogen.
234
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
OO
0
CO
o
o
~J
_.
GO
1
en
-&
o
o
o
en
_
OO
CO
OO
OJ
ro
o
en
o
o
00
_i
OO
o
4^
^
O
CT>
O
O
^J
00
VO
OO
ro
OO
0
o
o
OO
00
CTl
00
^
_.
__J
00
o
IN3
O
--J
^1
0
_,
OO
00
oZ
m^
m 9
3 O
"Z
n
n
o
i
_o
~?l
x
X
v^
5
n
+*
n
o
n
^h
II
X
X
^^
3
£
n
o
_n
~7i
X
X
^
3
TJ
X
II
^1
on
o
x.
II
o
X
II
70
m
(£
O
C
>
r-
n
i:
n
3
Ul
o>
o-
OO
OS
o
«,
o
l%» t
A>
k m 0> -^io»«> fv w A. en tf> **ro»ta rw t*j *. eft Avjema-*
j
O
\
\
\
\
\
s
-
\
s
\
V
o
0
N
\
\ -
\
\
\J
\
i
o
f
^
z
0
%
fD
(0
3
0)
1
l/>
ro
i
n
3-
o
o
3
_i.
3
13
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Morpholine
H
H
H
av
-------
COMPOUND: Morphollne
1 2 34567881 2 34567891 2 34578
9 4
7
9
Z
o
CO
QC
E
o>
ID
DC
O
o>
E
^
X
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200
pH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
11.4
i?.n
11.6
11.2
11.8
11.6
12.2
12.2
pH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
13.6
12.fi
12.2
11.8
12.0
11.2
11.4
10.4
pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
12,6
12.2
11.2
12.2
13.2
12.6
11.0-
10.8
237
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Naphthalene
FORMULA:
ClOH8
MOL. WT.
128.18
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.6
132
0.42
0.96
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
132
50
19
7.3
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, rng/1
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
18
0.01
52
4.7
0.001
140
13
1.2
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
7.6
2.0
0.5
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 275.5 nm.
REMARKS:
238
-------
UNO:
Naphthalene
O
GO
at.
E
o>
00
Of.
O
O)
E
l.OOC
100
10
^
-x*ii
*
~x*
-
k-
ii
f^
kl
^-
i
i
i
^
ji 2 34567J9L 2 34567191 2 34567891 2 345678
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
0
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
20
25
50
75
100
125
150
?nn
PH=5.6
C, C0-Ct=X X/M
8.
7.
6.
07
10
74
5.52
3.97
3.48
0.70
0.31
0.1
n ;
5
>n
0.970
1.33
2.55
4.10
4.59
7.37
7.76
7.92
7.87
388
266
255
205
184
147
104
79
«
PH=
Cf C0-Ci=X X/to
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/N(
239
-------
COMPOUND: ° " Naphthp1
STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
C10H8°
MOL WT.
144.2
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
All data pooled
180
0.32
0.90
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
370
180
85
41
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
c0. mg/i
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
10
0.01
23
2,1
0.001
48
4.7
0.43
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
5.7
1.2
0.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 286 nm
REMARKS:
-------
z
o
00
c*
E
o>
o
Ut
£0
O
O
o>
E
1
I
i
1
t
i
\
I
1
6
4
i
1
\
0
7
6
5
4
3
2
]
COM
10, or
1000
100
10
POUND:
0
a - Naphthol
<
,-'-
*£
"*'
-*
r
(>
fl A1 2 3 4 5 6 7J11. 2 14567891 2 3456.
i
r^
TO
[6' 2 3 4 5
6 7-
id
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5
10
25
35
pH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.89
9.49
9.07
8.22
7.13
3.72
2.65
0.40
0.82
1.67
2.67
6.17
7.24
400
328
334
276
247
207
PH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.88
9.50
8.96
8.00
6.39
3.73
1.64
0.38
0.92
1.88
3.49
6.15
8.24
380
368
376
349
246
235
A PH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.96
9.59
9.14
8.16
6.77
3.62
1.91
0.37
0.82
1.80
3.19
6.70
8.05
370
328
360
319
268
230
241
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
R - Napht.hnl
IOIO
FORMULA:
MOL. WT.
144.2
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
All data pooled
200
0.26
0.89
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gro
360
200
110
59
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. rng/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
8.4
0.01
17
1.5
0.001
31
3.0
0.28
CQ, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
5.1
1.0
0.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 273 nm
REMARKS:
242
-------
g - Naphthol
£
2
0 '
* 2
tx. 2
u
- 1
C 9
WJ ^
c
Q ,
CD 3
o 2
O
8
- 6
>v^ 4
X
3
i
\
0
10,U(
1000
100
10
2
01
)(T'
3
4
5
6 7
0
-
!91 2
.1
3
4
i
6
--
78
,,^ <
91 2
,0.- .-
1
3
ft
4
.
^
5
6
J
J
a -r
7 8
1
I
1
91 2
0
3
4
5
6
7
1
8 1
00
RESIDUAL
. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
20
30
40
PH=3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.77
8.90
8.09
4.74
3.12
1.94
0.87
1.68
5.03
6.65
7.83
348
336
251
222
196
pH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.73
8.87
7.85
4.16
2.21
0.90
0.86
1.88
5.57
7.52
8.83
344
376
279
250
221
A PH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.73
8,80
7.81
6.75
4.12
1.96
0,93
1.92
2.98
5.61
7.77
372
384
298
281
259
243
-------
COMPOUND: a - Naphthylamine
STRUCTURE.
IMH
FORMULA:
MOL. WT. 14? 18
FREUNOLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
3.0
140
0.25
0.98
pH 7 and 9 pooled
160
0.34
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
250
140
79
44
360
160
75
34
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
12
0.01
29
2.6
0.001
64
6.3
0.58
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
6.1
1.3
0.3
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 304 nm
REMARKS: OHSA regulated carcinogen
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
o_
(0
-P-
ro
o
o
o
o
ro
10
»^i
ro
-P*
10
O
p.
10
O
ID
n
o
.
en
o
o
o
^
UD
Cn
--4
CM
en
o
o
00
kO
00
CM
T>
en
o
~_i
10
00
u_l
CM
en
,
o
o
0
_J
ro
V0
CM
ro
Ifi
O"l
o
'
UD
00
CO
V0
00
o
ro
^0
2
VO
"
ui
o
-
^
171
30
y,
0
^
**
o
ro
V0
o
NO
DO
O
O
&
VO
DO
en
ro
en
*
VC
-P«
X»J
-vl
^
4^
O
O
en
£o
-Pi
ro
jj
oo
-Pa.
i
i
en
CO
-t»
ro
jO
O.
,
o
-
H^J
eo
ro
o
ro
o
CM
co
CO
o
co
o
CM
10
-p>
CO
o
CO
o
i
en
00
rx.
CO
'
CO
ro
CM
ro
CO
ro
ro
_-
^j
ro
co
*»
CO
CM
_J
,
10
co
en
CO
O
VO
vl
«
-Pa
<£>
*£)
en
o
" 9
3 O
\
O
o
1
r»
^
X
^^
n
o
^^
n
X
>c
****+
5
^*
n
o
o
ii
X
X
5
o
eo
0
o
z
II
-vl
o
o
I
II
V0
o
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
g-Naphthylamine
FORMULA:
Colo
MOL WT. H3.19
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
7.5
150
0.30
0.94
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
300
150
75
37
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C-f, mg/l
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
12
0.01
26
2.4
0.001
53
5.2
0.5
CQ. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
6.7
1.3
0.3
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 285 nm
REMARKS: OSHA regulated carcinogen.
246
-------
o
GO
at
<
u
E
0)
o
LU
CD
O
o
o>
E
1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0.
COM!
i,nn
100
10
1 0
POUND:
0
B-Naphthylamine
.--
«^~
f*r
"
1 \ \
1
"~
1
rf-**^
-^-
***
**
*
I-
^
2 345(7891 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 45678
001 0.01 0.1 1.0
1
1
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
10
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.1
2.1
4.1
10.8
21.7
P»= 7.5
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
1.4
1.24
1.10
0.78
0.20
0.08
0.16
0.30
0.62
1.20
1.32
151
142
152
111
61
PH=
C« C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
-------
COMPOUND: P - Nltroanlllne
STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
MOL WT.
138.13
FREUNOLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
All data pooled
140
0.27
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
250
140
74
40
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
12
0.01
25
2.3
0.001
48
4.7
0.43
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
7.4
1.4
0.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Visible Spectroscopy 380 nm
REMARKS:
2kB
-------
p - Nitraarn'llne
1
I
I
e
5
Z 3
0
co ,
Z 2
<
3 3
o ,
«/» 2
O
n> '
? I
C ?
^' S
^
X '
0.
wisrm
10. nn
1000
100
^
10
'01
-\ju
N
^"«
>
Ml
>^
i '
\J.
^
5
^
e
L
1
T
7 8
0
_^**
.-^T^
*
91 .
.1
tm
^
f
m-
\
*
*
S 6
/ 8
1
.^
91
.0
-~*
I
-
1 ^
t
"^
..
1
i
-
}
L
>
T
8 9
1
^-*
t
0
!
!
>
' a
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200
PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
q,M
8.37
7.75
4.92
1 .29
0.34
0.08
1.47
2.09
4.92
8.55
9.50
9.76
294
209
197
171
95
65
pH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
Q 89
8.64
7.89
5.03
1.24
0.28
0.1?
0.01
1.25
2.00
4.86
8.65
9.61
9.77
9.88
250
200
194
173
Qfi
fiR
49
A PH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10,0
a. 71
7.85
4.94
1.39
n ?R
n -p
0.03
1 ?Q
2.15
5.06
8.61
9.75
q 87
9.97
?Rfi
?15
?n?
17?
98
66
50
249
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Nitrobenzene
FORMULA:
C,HcNno
bo c
MOL. WT. 1 ?3.11
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
7.5
68
0.43
0.97
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
180
68
25
9.3
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
36
0.01
no
9.6
0.001
290
28
2.6
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
15
4.0
1.1
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.
REMARKS:
250
-------
COMPOUND: Nltrnhpnrpne
O
CD
at
<
u
E
O)
CO
Ot
O
O)
E
1
6
5
4
3
2
1
7
6
5
4
3
i
1
9
7
6
5
4
3
2
o.i
100
10
1.0
^*
^
**
^
^
r^
^X"
^
p
^^
^--
^*
tooi 2 3 4 b'.btff 2 3 4 5 V.8di 2 3 4 5 6 6
. L
-r
i
3 45678
6
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1
2.5
5
10
25
50
75
PH= 7.5
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
0.250
0.208
0.149
0.130
0.089
0.0115
0.002
0.0009
0.042
0.101
0.120
0.162
0.239
0.248
0.249
42.0
40.4
24,0
16.2
9.54
4.9fi
3.3?
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
251
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE.
4 - Nitrobiphenyl
NO.
FORMULA.
MOL. WT. 199.21
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
7.0
370
0.27
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
690
370
200
110
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
4.5
0.01
9.3
0.8
0.001
18
1.7
0.2
C0, mg/l
i n
0.1
0.01
2.7
0.5
0.1
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectres copy 325 nm
REMARKS: OSHA regulated carcinogen
252
-------
z
o
BO
Of.
<
u
E
o»
CO
CK
O
o»
E
^
X
1
7
6
5
4
3
2
t
7
6
5
4
3
2
\
I
6
5
4
3
2
1
o.c
ffifW
loon
ion
10
'OUND:
4-Nitrobtphenyl
,-^"
-^
,^--
^-«
*
«
i
ill
^-^
-P-
-*-1
-H
***
nr
'01 2 3 4 567d!bi 2 3 ' 56&'.V 2 3 ' 5 78i
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
"^
.*»
-
9 2 3456791
.0 10
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
n
1.0
2 5
5.0
7.5
10.0
1?.5
PH= 7 Q
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
i fi?n
1.30
0.800
0.260
0.082
n.nfid
o.n?7
0.370
0.870
1.410
1.588
1 .fiOfi
1 fid 3
370
348
282
212
Ifil
131
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
253
-------
COMPOUND: 2-Nitrophenol
STRUCTURE:
FORMULA.
.co
o 5 3
MOL. WT. 139-11
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
n ni
0.001
pH
3.0
101
0.26
0.99
5.5
99
0.34
0.97
9.0
85
0.39
0.97
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
101
56
31
17
99
46
21
9.6
85
35
14
5.7
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
20
0.01
47
4.3
0.001
100
10
1 .0
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
10
2.2
0.5
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 278.6 nm
REMARKS:
25**
-------
COMPOUND
10,000
o
CO
at.
<
u
E
at
GO
at
O
o>
E
Ir.-i
3456 7A91, 2 3456 7|8_^ 2 3456 7 .S J 1
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
15
?*
50
fiO
75
100
125
150
200
??5
250
500
pH=3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
19.03
17.74
17.00
15.79
14 ^
10.09
8 *}Q
6.95
4.34
2.00
0.70
0.02
1.29
2.03
3.24
4 7n
8.94
10 44
12.08
14.69
17.03
18.33
19. 01
258
203
216
l«ft
179
174
iei
147
114
92
38
pH= 5.5
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
18.20
15.74
1? ?Q
7.28
4.26
3.84
2.35
1.31
0.51
n 37
0.27
n.i?
2.46
4 01
10.92
13.94
14.36
15.85
lfi.89
17.69
17 .R3
17.93
18.08
246
IQfi
218
186
144
127
113
88
7Q
72
36
A pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
19.51
16.93
14 1«
8.36
6.13
4.89
3.13
2.34
0.87
n.fiR
0.53
0.27
2.58
5 33
11.15
13.38
14.62
16.38
17.17
18.64
1 R T R3
18.98
19. ?4
258
21-^
223
178
146
131
114
93
R4
76
38
255
-------
COMPOUND: 4-NitrophenoT
STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
MOL. WT. 139.11
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
3.0
80.2
0.17
0.86
5.4
76.2
0.25
0.92
9.0
71.2
0.28
0.93
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
80
54
37
25
76
43
24
14
71
38
20
11
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
21
0.01
41
3.7
0.001
74
7.3
0.7
C0. mg/l
1.0
n.i
0.01
13
? 1
0.4
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 316.8 nm
REMARKS:
256
-------
COMPOUND:
1.000
4-Nitrophenol
O
co
E
0)
eo
Of.
O
O)
E
O'.Ol
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
10
zo
25
30
40
50
60
75
100
125
150
200
300
400
500
pH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
19.16
17.92
16.90
13.17
11.20
5.75
3.97
1.58
0.58
0.24
0.08
0.06
1.24
2.26
5.99
7.96
13.41
15.19
17.5ft
18.58
18.92
19.08
19.10
124
90
120
106
134
122
117
93
63
48
38
pH= 5.4
C, C0-Cf=X X/M
21.34
19.25
\ti.63
18.27
\k&
13.41
11.60
10.41
8.31
1.44
0.15
2.09
3.01
3.07
3.99
5.31
7.93
9.74
10.93
13.03
19.90
21.19
209
IbO
123
133
133
159
162
146
130
99
42
A PH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
21.29
19.84
17.82
14.51
11.39
6.25
J:?8
1.18
0.84
0.57
0.28
1.45
3.47
6.78
9.90
15.04
]?:S
20.11
20.45
??:K
145
139
136
132
150
]?]
101
68
ft
257
-------
COMPOUND-N_l Nl'trosodipheny1amine
STRUCTURE:
N
i!
o
C19H1nN90
FORMULA: 12 1Q 2
MOL. WT. 198.07
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
All data pooled
220
0.37
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
510
220
91
38
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
9.8
0.01
25
2.3
0.001
60
5.9
0.54
C0, mg/l
i.n
0.1
0.01
d fi
1.1
0.3
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 290 nm
REMARKS:
258
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
o -
NJ
Ul
M
O
O
O
o
CO
^
4^
cn
o
o
ro
00
co
^
ro
cn
O
O
O
^
CO
^
cn
o
o
en
CO
CO
*
en
en
o
o
o
I
o
CO
o
00
co
o
^^
o
00
ro
cn
00
CO
o
_!
-^
00
en
cn
00
cn
en
o
o
_J
-^
00
ro
ro
,
cn
^
ro
cn
-
O1*
ro
^
cn
cn
CO
O
ro
;-
no
CO
1
CD
ro
00
ro
_,
_p>
cn
"-J
ro
cn
ro
CO
o
o
en
Cr>
O
co
en
00
CO
en
00
f»
O1
O
Co
^j
CTi
CO
^|
cn
en
_i
cn
CO
en
cn
CO
cn
en
en
cn
CO
CD
ro
CD
^
co
CO
cn
ro
CO
ro
i
CO
^
ro
cn
cn
cn
**
ro
0
cn
^
i
ro
0
CD
j
00
00
CO
cn
00
^i
o
E w
'" W
3 O
\
n
n
o
1
n
x
X
?
n
"^
n
o
^/
n
x
X
"^
?
n
n
o
Ti
X
x
*
o
n
CO
o
o
I
II
1
o
*
TJ
Z
II
CD
O
70
m
co
O
n -
o r*
z <=*
n
3
(0
o
o
o
o
o
C
Z
o
o
Q.
-------
COMPOUND: N-Nltrc
STRUCTURE:
FORMULA- 6 14 2
jsoch -n-propy I ami ne
0
tl
N
i
H?C3 - N - C3H7
MOl WT 130.19
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
All Data Pooled
24.4
0.26
0.87
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
24
13
7.4
4.0
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
67
0.01
130
12
0.001
250
24
2.2
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
42
7.7
1.4
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 232.4 nm
REMARKS:
260
-------
o
co
ee.
<
u
E
o»
CO
Of,
O
o>
E
COMPOUND
i,non
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
.oi
567891
2 3 4567891
0.1 1.0
2 3 4 5 6 7
-------
COMPOUND: P - Nonylphenol
STRUCTURE:
(CH2)8CH3
FORMULA:
MOL. WT.
220.34
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1 .1)
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0
53
1.04
0.97
7.0
250
0.37
0.99
9.0
150
0.27
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
580
53
4.8
0.44
600
250
110
46
280
150
80
43
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
8.3
0.01
21
2.0
0.001
51
5.0
0.5
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
3.9
0.9
0.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 237 nm. All samples
adjusted to pH 12 for U.V. measurement.
REMARKS:
262
-------
COMPOUND: _P - Nonylphenol
7 « 91 2 3 4567891
0.1 1.0
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
20
30
40
50
pH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
2.34
2.08
1.85
1.50
1.06
0.85
0.78
0.72
0.26
0.49
0.84
1.28
1.49
1.56
1.62
104
98
84
64
50
39
32
PH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
3.13
2.36
1.39
0.88
0.18
0.09
0.05
0.02
0.77
1.74
2.25
2.95
3.04
3.08
3.11
308
348
225
148
101
77
62
A PH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cj=X X/M
2,35
1.46
0.99
0.24
0.07
0.05
0.01
0.89
1.36
2.11
2.28
2.30
2.34
178
136
106
76
57
46
263
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
1221
FORMULA: CJL2!!m
C12H9C1 " 51%
CM pi QO
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
vn
en r\
o er
o c
0 0
o o
0 0
o a
n er
o o
' ro
O -pi
\> -Pi
en
O
o
O
o
ro
o
en
o
to
-P»
o
en
i
o
o
o
0
o
en
o
en
o
en
en
o
en
en
o
o
0
to
o
en
10
ro
CO
ro
en
O
O
ro
o
en
00
ro
CO
en
0
0
ro
--j
o
-Pi
00
-Pi
00
-Pi
en
O
00
O
eo
O
00
en
o
ro
en
o
eo
-Pi
o
ro
o
I
o
0
en
i
§2
*S
3 O
0
1
_r>
~7i
x
X
5
_n
n
o
_o
"n
X
X
\
_r>
n
0
_n
"7i
X
X
^x
X
II
GO
o
X
II
a
X
n
ro oj *fc c/i o> *^JQ»»O* f\» w * f o» <-jo»ie^> fv w ^ tn en JQ»UJ
<->-
O
CD
fM
in
cn
CD-1
. ae
<=£
o
m
CO
O w
C ^
r-
Z 2-
r»
"n ^
^» __
3
(Q
at
at
. «>
o
\
\
\
\
Ml \
\
\
|
\
\
|
\
|
.
^
s
o
\
\
\
s
s
v
v
s
S
^
s
1
s
o
o
^.
\
\
\
&
(
(
<
-------
STRUCTURE:
c
J
Cl2H9cl 31%
Cl2H7cl3 28%
FORMULA- C12H8C12 24%
u *
Q> ©-
1
Cl
Cl
XQ>
MOL. WT. .
©
1
Cl
^ 232.2
Cl
l_
-^§)
1232
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
i n
n i
0.01
n nrn
PH
630
0.73
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
fi?n
12n
22
4 n
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1 0
0.1
0.01
n i
7 7
n m
45
4.1
n.nm
24<"i
?4
2.2
C0. mg/l
1 n
0.1
0.01
1 fi
0.8
0.5
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent - extraction - G.C.
REMARKS:
Structures shown are for major components,
266
-------
WOND!
PCB -1232
GO
DC
o
I
i
6
4
i
>
I ?
:
i
* 4
» 78
.. «
! «
! 3
i i
1
t
i i
?
» 6
5
4
3
2
100
n
.0
X
i
^
J
S
X
'II
II
x
x
x^"
X
yX
V
X
X"
X
1
X
1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 3456789 34 68^"
0.0001 0.001 0.01 01 10
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5
in
25
50
100
isn
250
500
PH= 5.3
Cf C0-C,=X X/to
0.353
0.206
0.096
n.ndfi
n.nnfi
0.004
0.002
0.001
n,ono5
0.0004
0.0001
0.147
0.257
n.3n7
0,347
0.349
0.351
0.352
n .^2
0.353
0.353
147
103
61 ,4
^4 7
13. Q
7.02
3.52
2.35
1.41
0.71
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
267
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Pentachlorophenol
FORMULA:
CgHOCI,
MOL WT
266'4
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0
260
0.39
0.98
7.0
150
0.42
0.98
9.0
100
0.41
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
630
260
110
44
380
150
55
21
260
100
39
15
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
16
0.01
47
4.3
0.001
130
12
1.1
Co-
mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
6.9
1.8
0.5
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 247 rim, basic pH
REMARKS:
268
-------
o
CQ
E
o>
CO
ee.
O
O)
E
COMI
in nr
1000
100
10
POUND:
n
. *
r
<*
^
^
X
<
' ("11 2 3456
*
*
r^~^
^
:^
-^T«
^^
^^
* *~
<-
A
^
|?
Jr
*
**
a*
x*
^
^
i
^
X *
X **
^^>
.^
X
^^
^^
^^
x«
^
-
-
1
^
I'lll
X*
,»*
A
4f
?
,8 9.1 2 3 4 5 6 7J 9J, 2 345678,
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
^
.^^
_^
^
^^
\^
« 3 4 67foo
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
DH 3 pH 7
only PH 9
0 0
2.5 5
5 10
10 25
25 50
50 100
100 150
150 POO
pH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.23
7.82
6.37
4.90
1.20
0.44
1.41
2.86
4.33
8,03
8.79
564
572
433
321
176
pH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.23
8.18
6.85
3.77
1.09
0.31
0.22
1.75
3.08
6.16
8.84
9.62
9.71
350
308
246
177
96
65
A pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.95
8.70
7.79
5.42
1.95
0.63-
0.34
0.24
1.25
2.16
4.53
8.00
9.32
9.61
9.71
250
216
181
160
93
64
49
269
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Phenanthrene
C H
FORMULA: 14 10
MOL. WT.
178.24
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
R 3
215
0.44
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
215
78
29
10
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
11
0.01
34
3.1
0.001
95
9.4
0.9
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
4.7
1.3
0.3
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.
REMARKS:
270
-------
Phenanthrene
O
eo
at
<
u
E
O)
Q
LU
ED
O
3
O)
E
j
e
5
4
3
2
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
100
10
1.0
^
^
**
1
K
* *
1
Jl "
m
^
**'
^
* '
~*>^
^f
'
0.6001 2 3 4 'o'.bfl 2 3 ' 56o7.8o9i 2 3 4 5676!i 3 4 5678Vo
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
7.5
10
12.5
15
17.5
20
25
pH= 5.3
Cf C0-C,=X X/M
0.370
0.147
0.196
0.0133
0.0112
0.0108
0.0049
0.0033
0.0022
0.223
0.350
0.357
0.359
0.359
0.365
0.367
0.368
89.2
46.7
35,7
28.7
23.9
20.9
18.3
14.7
pH=
Cf C0-C,=X X/M
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
271
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Phenol
FORMULA:
MOL. WT. 94.11
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
All data pooled
21
0.54
0.89
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
74
21
6.0
1.7
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
150
0.01
570
52
0.001
2,000
200
18
C0.
mg/l
1.0
n i
0.01
47
17
5.8
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 288 nm
REMARKS:
272
-------
Z
o
eo
Of.
E
o>
CO
Of
O
O)
E
i
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
I
6
5
4
3
2
1
0.
,WOUND:
TOO
10
KO
Phenol
^
^
s
'*'r
i-4
\
2 34567891 2 34567891 2 345678
01 0.1 1.0
-^
^
n
i
91 2 34567891
10 100
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200
pH= 3.0
Cf C0-C,=X X/M
9.84
9.40
8.96
8.27
7.12
5.27
3.80
2.35
0.44
0.88
1.57
2.72
4.57
6.04
7.49
88
88
63
54
46
40
37
pH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.80
9.36
9.06
R.?4
7.24
5.36
3.74
2.15
0.44
0.74
1 .Rfi
2.56
4.44
6.06
7.65
88
74
62
51
44
40
38
A pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.96
9.26
8.17
7.26
5.27
3.75
2.45
0.70
1.79
2.70
4.69
6.21
7.51
70
72
54
47
41
38
273
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Phpnvlmprnin'r
O
ii
g-0-C-CH3
FORMULA:
MOL. WT. 336.74
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0 and 7.0 pooled
270
0.44
0.99
9.0
130
0.54
0.99
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
740
270
97
35
440
130
37
11
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
q ?
0.01
?R
?.R
0.001
77
7,7
0.70
C0.
mg/l
1.0
n 1
0.01
3.7
1 n
0.3
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Atomic Adsorption: Hg
REMARKS:
274
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
i_o ^ cn ff»~-4OO***
A. ui OT» ->ioB*e-
ro
o
o
O
o
ro
o
Q
00
cn
O
0
ro
00
CO
"-1
^
»
to
0
o
00
^
'j^
1
CO
."^
-P1
cn
O
O
o
CO
o
o
--J
CTi
O
.
O
00
CO
cn
cn
cn
CTi
0
ro
o
^,
CO
cn
^
to
O
o
o
_^
o
o
o
o
.
0
o
o
o
00
CO
ro
00
CO
ro
o
i^
o
^
'_!
cn
I
'
cn
Ji
o
o
jj
^
kO
-vl
co
_i
to
cn
o
CO
to
00
o
0
_J
^J
o
-.
1
^
CTi
[(i
I
_,
»
ro
cn
-
CTI
'
CO
^
to
CO
-pi
o
1
_J
00
1
ro
'
ro
00
CO
ro
cn
to
^
oo
CTi
_,
to
-pi
o
cn
\3
O
Ji
to
0
_^
to
o
CO
.
CO
CTi
cn
O
CO
cn
O
CO
-pi
ro
o
CO
CO
cn
CO
CO
cn
O
__J
O
-
00
.
CO
to
-XI
cn
cn
s>
m 3
3 O
\ Z
n
r»
o
1
_P
n
X
X
5
n
r»
o
n
^*
ii
X
X
^k
*
n
^
n
o
_£*
n
X
X
5
.
o
I
n
CO
o
o
T.
"^
O
v
I
II
to
0
o
ro
r-k»
9L 2 345678
RESIDUAL CC
^^ / J*^
n
3 "
(Q
00
o
0-
0
\
\
V
s,
N,
v>.
4-
\
\
V(
\
\
* \
f
\
\
A
0
0
- j T
\
\
y \
-V
\
t
\
-V
V
\
\
s
^
s
\
\
\
i
v
x
L
0
0
^
°0
^
. c_
z
{~
\. Phenvlmercuric acetate
-------
COMPOUND: Styrene
STRUCTURE:
H=CH
FORMULA:
C8H8
MOL. WT. 104.14
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
All data pooled
120
0.56
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
440
120
33
9.0
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. «ng/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
27
0.01
110
9.8
0.001
400
39
3.6
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
8.3
3.0
1.1
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 245 nm
REMARKS:
276
-------
o
eo
Of
E
o>
to
ee
O
at
E
t
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
^
1000
100
10
JflUND:
s
S
Stvrene
s
\
s
s
X
^
1 1
1
r"
^^
-
^
1
«-
k-
I--
./*
^
^
K
^
^
,«
X
/
,'
2 34567891 2 34567891 Z 34567891 2 3456781
01 o." i.o 10 loo
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200
PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/N(
6.45
3.43
2.25
0.70
0.30
0.07
3.02
4.20
5.75
6.15
6.38
302
168
115
62
31
PH=7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
5.50
3.20
2.30
0.58
0.25
0.18
2.30
3.20
4.92
5.25
5.32
230
128
98
53
36
A PH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
5.75
4.17
1.70
0.70
0.10
0.10
1.58
4.05
5.05
5.65
5.65
316
162
101
38
29
277
-------
COMPOUND- 1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
STRUCTURE:
H
l LI
r il
Cl Cl
FORMULA:
C2H2C14
MOL. WT.
167.85
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
10.6
0.37
0.96
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
11
4.5
1.9
0.8
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
C-f, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
360
0.1
940
90
0.001
2200
220
20
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
95
22
5.3
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C. Purge and Trap
REMARKS:
278
-------
COMPOUND:
1,1 ,,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
z
o
oo
o*
E
at
o
111
03
O
O
a>
E
I
6
5
4
3
2
I
6
5
4
3
2
1
a
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
10
1.0
0.1
i
^
*
"
-'
^
,.^
^
«r-
.-
K^
I
*
j
, f
_, "
.^
Ij ^
1
^
g^
^
o.boi 2 3 4 5678d'.oi 2 3 4 5678o.i 2 3 4 567i
91 345678
.0
10
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
96
192
385
580
769
PH= 5.3
Cf C0-C,=X X/M
1.000
J.382
).065
D.014
).013
D.0042
0.618
0.935
0.986
0.987
0.9958
6.42
4.86
2.56
1.70
1.30
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
279
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Tetrachloroethene (Tetrachloroethvlene)
Cl
Cl
\
/
c=c
/Cl
FORMULA.
C2C14
MOL. WT.
165.83
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
50.8
0.56
0.96
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
51
14.0
3.9
1.1
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
64
o.m
260
23
n.nm
940
93
8.5
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
20
7.1
2.6
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: 6.C. Purge and Trap
REMARKS:
280
-------
AROUND:
Tetrachloroethene (Tetrachloroethylene)
O
CO
oc
E
O)
O
ui
CO
Of
O
CO
O
O)
E
100
10
1.0
«
x
x
U
^
X*
X
ri
^
_rf
x
^
,
./
,
j>
X
x
^
|Q1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,81 p., 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4.1 , 2 345678-91 2 34567,
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
I'
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
19
38
58
96
192
288
pH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/to
1.000
0.313
0.213
0.114
0.100
0.016
0.007
0.687
0.787
0.886
0.900
0.984
0.993
35.8
20.4
15.4
9.36
5.12
3.44
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/N(
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/to
28]
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
1,2,3,4 - Tetrahydronaphthalene
FORMULA: C10H12
MOL WT. 132.21
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
7.4
74
0.81
0.97
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
480
74
11
1.7
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
78
0.01
560
51
0.001
3,600
360
33
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
14
8.8
5.7
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD:Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 264 nm
REMARKS:
282
-------
COMPOUND: 1.2.3.4 - Tetrahydronaphthalpne
O
eo
at
E
o>
CD
Of
O
WO
a
o>
E
i n nnn
1000
TOO
10
/
/
\
s
\s
i
/
,'
/
. ^
/
/
/
m
\t
i
/
'/
/
/
j
1 I 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34 678
.01 0.1 1.0 10 10°
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
9*
50
100
150
200
PH= 7.36
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.00
7.8
5.9
4 ^
3.2
1.5
0.70
0.50
2.20
4.10
R yn
6.80
8.50
9.30
9.50
440
410
??«
136
85
fi?
47.5
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
283
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Thymine
OH
HQ|*N!
FORMULA:
MOL. WT. 126.11
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
All data pooled
27
0.51
0.91
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/giti
89
27
8.5
2.6
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
O.T
110
0.01
380
34
0.001
1200
120
11
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
36
12
3.8
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 264 nm
REMARKS:
284
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
N>
CO
U1
ro
0
0
ro
«
^
CO
cn
CO
UD
00
co
co
ro
cn
cn
cn
co
CO
cn
o
CO
O
-P.
^
o
5
ro
~j
CO
CO
js»
co
cn
cn
CTV
cn
__i
F»
00
O
o
e*
ro
ro
cn
CO
CO
cn
CO
CO
CT>
cn
-Fa
cn
cn
co
ro
cn
co
cn
O
cn
O
Co
^
O
ro
CO
0
cn
CO
ro
-F»
ro
CO
CO
cr>
o^
cn
co
00
O
ro
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Toluene
FORMULA.
MOL. WT.
92.14
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.6
26.1
0.44
0.89
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
26
9.4
3.4
1.2
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
n.i
0.01
0.1
96
0.01
290
71
0.001
820
Rl
7.4
C0, mg/l
1.0
n.i
0.01
38
11
2.9
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 208.8 nm.
REMARKS:
286
-------
COMPOUND:
Toluene
E
o>
O
111
CO
of
O
o
o>
E
100
10
1.0
f
*
*^
, '
x-'
-*
x
x 1
1
fff
^^
~r
X
1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891 345678
.1 1.0 10 100 1,(
300
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
in
25
sn
75
100
150
200
350
500
pH= 5.6
C, C0-Cf=X X/M
18.48
18.07
17.Bfi
16.70
n ?n
11.00
10.33
8.36
7.65
3.67
1.71
0.41
n.Q?
1.78
B ?«
7.48
8.15
10.12
10.83
14.81
16.77
82
Q?
71.2
IOB ^
99 ..7
81.5
67.5
54.2
42.3
33.5
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
287
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
FORMULA:
W1?
MOL. WT.
181.45
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
157
0.31
0.84
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
157
77.6
38.4
19.0
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
12
0.01
26
2.3
0.001
52
5.2
0.5
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
6.4
1.3
0.3
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 226.5 nm.
REMARKS:
288
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
CO
\} *
Oon
DO
30 CO
31 en
/JCO
sJijD
jO ^^J
oro
^ -j
S3 O
J1 O
=> O
> en
Ti CO
jn -P>
Tl CO
i _J
J .pa
T> en
^j er
en c
o '
O
__J
o
^
"^J
CM
oo
ro
en
CO
ro
en
en
CO
-pa
OJ
en
00
CO
-~J
01
ro
en
CO
^j
o>
ro
en
en
o
o
o
en
o
t
§2
CO jg
3 O
^
n
n
0
1
n
n
X
X
5
_r»
n
o
i
o
n
X
X
n
n
o
n
n
X
X
*^
o
I
ii
en
co
o
x.
II
o
I
II
u* J> in fft -J QptO
J
0>
^
CD°°
-D
2 ~
m
Ow
C ..
r~
O_.
n
"n ^
*» _
3
\ ,
-1
^-j 10
i
C5
r~i
O
\
^
i
y
*
0
o
\
f
\«
\
\
_\_
\
"
\
\
'
E
\
\
\
\
\
1
1
\
O
O
o
=>!
3:
3(
1
1
^
3
$
0
c
Z
0
V*
ro
\
O
o
rr>
nzene
-------
COMPOUND: 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
STRUCTURE.
Cl H
p /» u
Vx Vr n
Cl H
FORMULA:
C2H3C]3
MOL. WT.
133.41
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
2.48
0.34
0.97
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
2.5
1.1
0.51
0.23
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
800
0.01
1,900
180
0.001
4,300
430
39
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
400
90
20
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G. C. - Purge and Trap
REMARKS:
290
-------
M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
l-o
UD
ro
en
**o
ro
o
O
O
CO
o
10
^«O
C7^
en
O
CO
O
to
ro
CO
O
O
O
00
o
<0
__l
o
en
S
_
I
en
ps.
O
o
00
-p*
o
IO
en
0
j£
en
^j
**j
O
ro
CO
00
o
ro
,
CO
ro
CO
3D
Jl
o
^s^
o
o
o
,
<0
^
IO
en
o
en
OD
o
ro
CO
ro
^,
"^
o
o
0
o
0°
VI **^
T^
&3
3 O
x.
o
o
1
*»
II
^<
X
z
n
o
n
n
X
x
\
n
n
o
o
ii
X
X
\
o
I
II
en
CO
o
I
II
o
I
II
o
o
a
c
o
O
Z
r>
"cl
3
-------
STRUCTURE:
Cl
ci c-
Cl
-C H
H H
FORMULA:
MOL. WT.
133.41
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
5.81
0.60
0.97
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
5.8
1.4
0.36
0.09
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. nag/1
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
620
0.01
2,700
250
0.001
11,000
IJOO
99
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
170
69
28
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C. Purge and Trap
REMARKS:
292
-------
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
1
0
I
6
5
4
g '
60 2
ot
<
u
c i
1
\ «
2 «
S »
8 »
Q
<
o) ;
E !
6
^ ;
X
3
2
1
W"
10
1.0
0.1
s
s
i
^
m v
^^
^
/
^r
i
s
1
r
s
f*
^x
^
^
/
s
y
^
8d!oi 2 3 4 SS7l61.i
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
1.0 10
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
192
385
769
1154
1923
3846
pH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
1.000
0.271
0.230
0.110
0.041
0.013
0.006
0.729
0.770
0.890
0.959
0.987
0.994
3.79
2.00
1.16
0.831
0.513
0.258
L pH=
Cf C0-C|=X X/M
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
293
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Trichloroethene (Trichloroethylene)
ci
CI
,
X
FORMULA:
MOL WT.
131.39
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
28.0
0.62
0.99
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
28
6.7
1.6
0.38
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
n.m
0.1
130
0.01
620
56
0.001
2,600
260
23
GO- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
36
15
6.3
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G. C. Purge and Trap
REMARKS:
23k
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
s>
V£>
VJ1
en
o
O
O
cn
no
O
o
IN3
cn
en
rv>
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IO
o
0
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cn
O
IO
CM
en
CO
CO
cn
10
O
CM
O
jO
00
0
o
'
o
o
o
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
n
n
o
1
n
"7i
x
X
5
_n
n
o
n
Ti
X
X
\
n
n
0
_n
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X
X
v.
T>
X
II
en
CO
o
I
II
o
z
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m
t/>
O
C
Ct
O
Z
n
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o
o
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ui
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o-
o
ro
L/l
o*
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<->-
fSJ
L*t
U1
»l
-J
o,0
at
"si
i^^t-*
o
rN
\
\
S
v
--
o
{
K
v
11
--A-
^s
y
\
A
\
s
k
\
^
o
s
\
\
_J
a
c
-
COMPOUND- Trichloroethene (Trichloroethylene)
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Trichlorofluoromethane
Cl
-c-
I
Cl
Cl
FORMULA:
CC13F
MOL WT.
137.4
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
5.6
0.24
0.90
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
5.6
3.2
1.8
1.1
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
280
0.01
L 530
48
n.nm
930
92
8.4
Co, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
180
31
5.6
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: 6- C. Purge and Trap
REMARKS:
296
-------
COMPOUND:
100
Trichlorofluoromethane
1
1
g
4
3
1
9
7
A
;>
1
I
e
5
4
3
?
1
0.
10.0
1.0
0.1
01 '
**~
J
*-
4
--
E
^
(
> 7 8
f|
.- -
«'.! 2
^ -
'
3
-^
4
^
6
r "
1 8
1
_-
|
H 2
.0
n
_,
*^
4
C
r-
e
8 9
1(
1
3.0
4
5
6
8
1
1
00
Z
o
E
at
a
LU
co
O
o»
E
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
192
289
577
769
1154
1923
pH= 5.3
C, C0-Cf=X X/M
5.000
3.27
2.68
1.98
1.31
0.138
0.056
1.73
?.3?
3.02
3.69
4.86
4.94
8.98
8.02
5.23
4.80
4.21
2.57
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
297
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
FORMULA:
CfiHqOCl,
MOL. WT
197.45
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
3.0
219.0
0.29
0.97
6.0
155.1
0.40
0.94
9.0
130.1
0.39
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
219.0
113.2
58.5
30.2
155.1
61.2
24.2
9.5
130.1
52.9
21.5
8.7
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
15
0.01
41
3.7
0.001
105
10.4
0.9
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
6.4
1.6
0.4
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 312.6 nm.
REMARKS:
298
-------
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
O
CO
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
Triethanolamine
N
C2H4OH
C2H4OH
C2H4OH
FORMULA:
MOL. WT. 1*9.19
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
pH
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
C0. mg/l
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Organic Carbon
REMARKS: Not adsorbed
300
-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
=>
S3
30
0 <
00 (
en
O
ro
ro
D
D
O
O
CO
o
ro
-p.
__l
[\i
01
o
ro
*
oo
bo
\3
o c
ro
en
ro
00
S3
pk
_l
O
0
ro
ro
co
oo
[\3 i
4=» i
CJ1
ro
c*
£
.0 '
3 <
0
CO
o
Jl
S3
O
3
0
3 O
Vj
n
n
o
I
_n
x
X
^
r»
o
Ct
n
X
X
n
n
o
~.
X
X
o
X
II
co
o
o
X
II
"^
o
T>
II
o
O
c
n
o :
p
In
3
(O
r»
O
O
c
z
o
-J
_J.
n>
ct-
o>
o
I
n
ro
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
NH
FORMULA:
MOL. WT. H2.09
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
All data pooled
11
0.63
0.82
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
11
2.6
0.60
0.14
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
350
0.01
1,700
150
0.001
7rinn
710
64
C0. mg/l
1 n
0.1
0.01
31
38
17
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 258 nm
REMARKS:
302
-------
,-mnn
J:^^
6
5
t
I '
80 2
OL
(J
M
-x *
2 <
CO ,
0 2
o
I
6
5 5
"^» 4
X
3
2
i
100
10
-
1.1 1 a i» i i
i
>
I . i
I i '
I ;
i '
!
:
[ ' '
1.0
i i '
i
1
; i
D.I
I
_
i
i
^^^
^
-
1
i
+\
s
1 ^ '
r
t \ ; \JBT
^
J
K
i i i
I
f
> I'll
i
\ j
'. ' ' i
e~T:o l - i -
RESIDUAL
PH= 3.0
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
100
150
200
cf c0-c»=x
9.87
9.61 0.26
9.51 0.36
6.76 ! 3.11
5.21 4.66
4.41 5.46
I
1
X/M
I ,
'
j
i ;
i
i
J_
i
i
[ ,
; i
i
i
i
i
i i
"is- ; : /is'
10
CONC. (Cf), mg/l
PH=7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.
52
36
31
31
21
9.
9.
6
5
4
95
i
1
15' 2 i 456715'
100 1000
A pH= 9.0
Cf C0-C,=X X/M
i
62 , 0.33 ! 66 !
55 i 0.40 40
\
.20 3.75 ' 37.5
.20 \ 4.75 32
.29 5.66 28
i
i
9.94 '
9.70 0.24 48
9.55 0.39 39 ;
6.25 ; 3.69 37 |
5.35 ; 4.59 31 j
4.37 i 5.57 28
i j
303
-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:
P-Xylene
FORMULA
106.2
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL
CONC. mg/l
10
1
0
0
.0
.1
.01
PH
7.3
85
0.19
0.93
1
t
I
1
i
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
130
85
54
35
i
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
Cf. mg I
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
1.0
0.1
15
0.01
24
2.2
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
12
1.9
0.3
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 267 nm
REMARKS:
304
-------
P-Xylene
O
CO
E
o»
CD
oe.
O
I
6
5
4
3
2
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
S
7
6
5
4
3
2
0.
100
10
.0
V
-'
= ==«^
i
-1
l'-
-r-'
-, -, 2 3 4 5 6 J » J 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 '9 L 2 3 4 5 6 7 8. 9J 2 3 4 5 6 1 L
RESIDUAL CQNC. (Cf), mg/l
b1
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5.0
100
150
200
PH= 7.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
18.0
12.0
6.4
2.2
1.5
6.0
11.6
15.8
16.5
130
116
105
83
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
305
-------
REFERENCES
1. Maugh, T. H. II. Chemicals: How Many Are There? Science, 199:162,
1978.
2. Shackelford, W. M., and L. H. Keith. Frequency of Organic Compounds
Identified in Water. EPA-608/4-76-062, USEPA, Cincinnati, Ohio,
December 1976.
3. Linner, E. R., and R. A. Gortner. Interfacial Energy and the
Molecular Structure of Organic Compounds. III. The Effect of Organic
Structure on Adsorbability. J. Phys. Chem., 39:35, 1935.
4. Morris, J. C., and W. J. Weber, Jr. Adsorption of Biochemically
Resistant Materials from Solution, Part 1. U. S. Public Health
Service, AWTR-9, Report 999-WP-ll, 1964.
5. Morris, J. C., and W. J. Weber, Jr. Adsorption of Biochemically
Resistant Materials from Solution, Part II. U. S. Public Health
Service, AWTR-16, Report 999-WP-33, 1966.
6. Ward, T. M., and F. W. Getzen. Influence of pH on the Adsorption
of Aromatic Acids on Activated Carbon. Environ. Sci. § Techno 1. ,
4:(1)64, 1970.
7. Aly, 0. M., and S. D. Faust. Removal of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic
Acid Derivatives from Natural Waters. J. Am. Water Works Assn.,
65:(2)221, 1965.
8. Dedrick, R. L., and R. B. Beckman. Kinetics of Adsorption by
Activated Carbon from Dilute Aqueous Solution. Chem. Engr. Progr.
Symp. Ser., 63, 74, 1967.
9- Weber, W. J., Jr., and J. P. Gould. Organic Pesticides in the
Environment. Advan. Chem. Ser., 60. R. F. Gould (Ed.), Am.
Chem. Soc., Washington, D. C., 1966.
10. DiGiano, F. J., and W. J. Weber, Jr. Technical Publication T-69-1.
Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1969.
11. El-Dib, M. A., F. M. Ramadan, and M. Ismail. Adsorption of Sevin
and Baygon on Granular Activated Carbon. Water Research, 9:795,
1975.
306
-------
12. Bernardin, F. E. , Jr., and E. M. Froelich. Practical Removal of
Toxicity by Adsorption. Presented at the 30Th Annual Purdue
Industrial Wastes Conference, May 8-9, 1975, Purdue University,
Lafayette, Indiana.
13. Lawrence, J., and H. M. Tosine. Adsorption of Polychlorinated
Biphenyls from Aqueous Solutions and Sewage. Environ. Sci. § Technol.
10:381, 1976.
14. Al-Bahrani, K. S. , and R. J. Martin. Adsorption Studies Using Gas-
Liquid Chromatography: I. Effect of Molecular Structure. Water
Research, 10:731, 1976.
15. Argaman, Y. Treatment of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons' Wastewater
By Activated Carbon Adsorption With Steam Regeneration. Prog.
Wat. Tech., 9:65, 1977.
16. Singer, P. C., and C. Yen. Adsorption of Alkyl Phenols by
Activated Carbon. Activated Carbon Adsorption of Organics from
the Aqueous Phase, Proceedings of the September 1978 ACS Symposium,
Miami Beach, Florida. (I. H. Suffet and M. J. McGuire, editors),
Ann Arbor, Michigan. (In press 1980).
17. Muren, C. J., and V. L. Snoeyink. Competitive Adsorption of
2,4-Dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol in the Nanomolar to
Micromolar Concentration Range. Environ. Sci. 5 Technol., 13:305,
1979.
18. Steiner, J., and J. E. Singley. Methoxychlor Removal from Potable
Water. J. AWWA, 71:284, 1979.
19. El-Dib, M. A., and M. I. Badawy. Adsorption of Soluble .Aromatic
Hydrocarbons on Granular Activated Carbon. Water Research, 13:255,
1979.
20. Peel, R. G., and A. Benedek. Attainment of Equilibrium in Activated
Carbon Isotherm Studies. Environ. Sci. & Technol., 14:66, 1980.
21. Fochtman, E. G., and R. A. Dobbs. Adsorption of Carcinogenic
Compounds by Activated Carbon. Activated Carbon Adsorption of
Organics from the Aqueous Phase., Proceedings of the September
1978 ACS Symposium in Miami Beach, Florida. (I. H. Suffet and
M. J. McGuire, editors), Ann Arbor Sci. Publ., Ann Arbor, Michigan.
(In press 1980).
22. Bellar, T. A., and J. J. Lichtenberg. Determining Volatile Organics
at Microgram-per-Litre Levels by Gas Chromatography. J. AWWA,
66:759, 1974.
307
-------
23. Austern, B. M., R. A. Dobbs, and J. M. Cohen. Gas Chromatographic
Determination of Selected Organic Compounds Added to Wastewater.
Environ. Sci. § Technol., 9:588, 1975.
24. Environmental Protection Agency. Guidelines Establishing Test
Procedures for the Analysis of Pollutants. 40 CFR Part 136,
Federal Register, 44:69464, December 3, 1979.
25. May, W. E., and S. P. Wasik. Determination of the Solubility
Behavior of Some Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water.
Anal. Chem., 50:997, 1978.
26. Hassler, J. W., and W. E. McMinn. The Nature of Active Carbon.
Ind. Eng. Chem., 37:645, 1945.
27. Fochtman, E. G., and W. Eisenberg. Treatability of Carcinogenic
and Other Hazardous Organic Compounds. Contract No. CI-68-03-2559,
EPA-600/2-79-097, USEPA, Cincinnati, Ohio, August 1979.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Cheremisinoff, P. N., and F. Ellerbush, (editors), Carbon Adsorption
Handbook. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann Arbor,
Michigan; 1978.
Hassler, J. W., Purification With Activated Carbon. Chemical Publishing
Company, Incorporate, New York, New York; 1974.
Kipling, J. J. Adsorption from Solutions of Non-Electrolytei. Academic
Press, New York, New York; 1965.
Mattson, J. S., and H. B. Mark, Jr. Activated Carbon-Surface Chemistry
and Adsorption from Solution. Marcel &ekker, Incorporated,
New York, New York; 1971.
Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, New York; 1977.
308
-------
APPENDIX A
ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION ISOTHERM PROTOCOL
1. General Discussion
1.1 Purpose of Test
Application of activated carbon for removal of solutes from aqueous
solution is based on a property known as the adsorption capacity. The
adsorption isotherm procedure is a method for the determination of the
adsorptive capacity of activated carbons. The test can be used to com-
pare adsorption capacities of different carbons for a given solute or
to measure the adsorbability of different solutes on a given carbon.
2. Apparatus
2.1 Jar mill, jar and cylindrical grinding medium
2.2 Standard 200 mesh and 400 mesh sieves with 0.0029 inch (73.6y)
and 0.0015 inch (38.1yJ openings and mechanical sieve shakers.
2.3 Coordinated magnetic stirrers and stirring bars or jar test
apparatus.
2.4 Ground-glass stoppered reagent bottles (1000 ml or appropriate
volume).
2.5 Volumetric dispensing pipettes.
2.6 Filtration equipment; select from the following: 0:45y membrane
filter, sintered silver filter disc, glass fiber filter paper, syringe
equipped with a Swinney filter holder, or pressure filter apparatus.
2.7 Analytical balance
2.8 Drying oven
2.9 Desiccator
2.10 pH meter
309
-------
3. Reagents
All reagents must be prepared with "organic-free " distilled water.
Treatment of conventional distilled water with large amounts of activated
carbon in a column or batch process is suitable for this purpose. If
isotherm tests are to be conducted on volatile compounds the carbon-treated
distilled water should be boiled for 15 - 20 minutes or purged over night
with inert gas in order to remove volatile compounds which may contaminate
distilled water during distillation or storage.
3.1 Preparation of adsorbent:
Although granular carbons can be compared or evaluated in their
original form by means of a batch test, the general procedure is to
pulverize the adsorbent. Use of pulverized carbon assures more rapid
attainment of equilibrium. If the adsorbent is in granular form, place
in jar with grinding medium. Jar should not be more than half full to
insure efficient grinding of the carbon. Place on a jar mill until sample
is pulverized. Sieve the pulverized material through a 200-mesh (0.0736 mm)
sieve and retain on a 400-mesh (0.038/mm) sieve. Return carbon which did
not pass through the 200-mesh sieve to the jar for additional grinding.
Repeat procedure until approximately 90% of the sample passes the 200-mesh
sieve. Powdered carbons are classified as described above without the
grinding operation. Use the 200/400 mesh fraction for isotherm testing.
Dry the classified carbon overnight in a drying over ast 105° C. Cool in
a desiccator and store until needed for experimental purposes.
3.2 Preparation of activated carbon stock slurry: weigh out 50.00
grams of oven-dried and cooled pulverized carbon and transfer to a one-
liter volumetric flask. Dilute to mark with "organic-free" distilled
water. One ml of stock suspension contains 50 mg carbon. Prepare other
working standard slurries by serial dilution of the stock slurry. Transfer
slurries to appropriate flasks containing dispensing pipettes to provide
a wide range of carbon concentrations. Table I lists the carbon dosages
obtained with various volumes of stock slurry for one-liter sample volumes.
Table 1. Carbon Dosages for Given Pipette Volumes
Volume of Dispensing Carbon Dosage,* (mg/1)
Pipette, (ml)
5 250
10 500
15 750
20 1000
25 1250
* Not corrected for dilution of the one-liter sample volume
310
-------
Dilution of the stock slurry by 1:10 and 1:100 would result in carbon
doses 1/10 and 1/100 of those shown in Table 1.
3.3 Hydrochloric acid 6N. Dilute concentrated HC1 1:1 with
"organic-free" distilled water.
3.4 Sodium hydroxide 6N. Add 240 grams of NaOH pellets to one
liter of "organic-free" distilled water.
4. Procedure.
4.1 If the test solution contains volatile or semivolatile com-
ponents, place one-liter samples in a series of ground-glass stoppered
reagent bottles. Add increasing carbon dosages to each successive
sample. Add no carbon to one sample and use as a control. An initial
concentration of 10 mg/1 of test compound might require carbon dosages
of 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/1. A preliminary isotherm
may be required to bracket the desired range of dosages. Immediately
after addition of the carbon dose, fill the reagent bottle to the bottom
of the ground-glass stopper with additional test solution so that no air
space remains. This will minimize loss of volatile solutes. Reagent
bottle volumes should be recorded on the bottle and closely matched bottles
used as a set. One-liter reagent bottles typically have a total volume
of 1070-1090 ml. Carbon doses and test solution concentrations can be
corrected for dilution associated with completely filling the ground-glass
stoppered reagent bottles. In general, this correction is small and can
be ignored.
4.2 Place the carbon-dosed samples on a coordinated magnetic stirrer
apparatus and stir the control and samples for two hours. At the con-
clusion of the contact period separate the pulverized carbon from the
test solution by an appropriate filtration procedure and analyze for the
component of interest. Choice of filtration process will depend upon the
characteristics of the test solution and the method of chemical analysis.
Analysis of the control or a standard solution before and after filtration
will determine whether or not a proper filtration method has been selected.
Filtration of the sample should not result in a significant change in
concentration of components.
In the case of volatile compounds, a syringe equipped with a Swinney
filter holder can be used if the volume of filtrate required for analysis
is small (i.e., analytical methods such as purge and trap gas chromatogra-
phy, total organic carbon, or ultraviolet spectroscopy). Pressure filters
can be used if larger volumes are required for analysis. Vacuum filtra-
tion with pre-washed membrane filters is suitable for solution containing
nonvolatile components, provided adsorption losses are not encountered on
the membrane. If adsorption losses are evident, sintered silver membranes
or glass fiber paper can be used for separation of the pulverized carbon.
Carbon can also be separated by centrifugation.
311
-------
4.3 Analysis of the filtrate: The concentration of solute in equilib-
rium with each carbon dose is measured by an appropriate quantitative
method such as spectrophotometry, colorimetry, total organic carbon, gas
chromatography, evaporation to residue or other analytical technique.
5. Treatment of Data
5.1 Calculation of adsorption capacity: Activated carbon adsorption
isotherm data are usually plotted according to the Freundlich equation.
Detailed discussion of the equation and its uses can be found in the
literature. Although the equation is empirical, it is nonetheless widely
used and has been found to adequately describe the adsorption process
in dilute solution. The Freundlich equation has the form:
1/n
X/M = K Cf
where X = CQ-Cf which is the amount of solute adsorbed from a
given volume of solution
C0 = initial concentration of solute in the untreated solution
Cf = final concentration in the treated solution at equilibriur
M = weight of activated carbon added to the solution
K & 1/n = empirical constants
Data are fitted to the logarithmic form of the above equation which
can be written as follows:
log X/M = log K + 1/n log Cf (2)
For dilute solutions this equation yields a straight line with a slope of
1/n and an intercept equal to the value of K (when Cf = 1) when X/M is
plotted as a function of Cf on logarithmic paper. The intercept is an
indicator of adsorption capacity and the slope of adsorption intensity.
A convenient form for tabulation of adsorption isotherm data is shown on
the standard data form. Carbon dosages are shown in the left-hand column.
The next column for each set of data contains the residual concentrations
remaining in solution after carbon treatment.. The Cf value for the control
sample corresponding to the zero carbon dose is the C value. The amount
of solute adsorbed (X) is calculated by subtracting e§ch C, value from C and
is summarized in the appropriate column. Dividing X in mg of solute b£ the
carbon dose in grams gives the adsorption capacity (X/M) per gram of carbon
shown in the final column for each set of data. X/M values are plotted as a
function of Cf according to equation (2) on logarithmic paper.
312
-------
5.2 Least squares regression analysis may be used to locate the best-
fit line for the plotted data points. A small programmable calculator is
convenient for this purpose.
5.3 Extrapolation of the plotted isotherm to CQ (Cf value with zero
carbon dose) gives the adsorption capacity at the initial concentration
by noting the corresponding value from the X/M axis. Adsorption capacities
at other concentrations can be read in the same manner. As the Freundlich
equation states the adsorption capacity of carbon, X/M, is a function of
the equilibrium concentration, Cf, of the solute.
5.4 Freundlich parameters: The plotted isotherm can be used to
obtain the Freundlich parameters K and 1/n. K can be read from the X/M
axis at Cf = 1. The slope (1/n) can be measured graphically using a ruler
(i.e., mm rise/mm span) or taken from the programmable calculator. These
parameters are useful in comparing the adsorbability of solutes and in
rating the efficiency of different activated carbons.
6. Alternative Procedures
6.1 The pH of the test solution can affect the equilibrium adsorption
capacity. For acidic solutes adsorption is favored at low pH while basic
compounds are more strongly adsorbed at higher pH values. Solution pH
can be adjusted with hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide prior to
addition of the carbon if these effects are to be measured. Values of 3.0,
7.0, and 9.0 are recommended as a suitable range to determine pH effects.
Use of buffers may be desirable in certain cases where a change in pH
during adsorption is to be avoided.
6.2 In cases where nonvolatile solutes are to be measured it is not
necessary to fill the reagent bottle to the bottom of the ground-glass
stopper. If any doubt exists as to the volatility of the solute(s) com-
pletely filled reagent bottles should be used.
+6.3 Isotherm testing is usually conducted at room temperature
(22 ~ 2° C) although conditions can be varied experimentally if desired.
313
-------
Z
o
03
at
E
o>
to
at
O
O)
E
1
i
e
5
4
3
2
1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
COMF
o.ooc
1,00(
100
10
»OUND:
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
^ f
_**
^^^"^
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__ *~
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,fl
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-
-
1
^
^
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M
^^
1
1
^^^
1
1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891
01 0.1 1.0 10 100
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cj), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
20
25
50
60
75
100
125
150
"H=5,4
Cf C0-C,=X X/M
10.58
9.80
9.28
8.00
5.48
4.50
1.45
0.89
0.56
0.38
0.21
0.14
0.780
1.30
2.58
5.10
6.08
9.13
9.69
10.02
10.20
10.37
10.44
312
260
258
255
243
183
162
134
102
83
70
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
314
-------
APPENDIX B
PUBLISHED SOLUBILITIES OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS
Compound
Acenaphthene
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Benzidine
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
1,2,4 Tn'chlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene
1 ,2 Dichloroethane
1,1,1 Tri ch 1 oroethane
Hexachloroethane
1,1 Dichloroethane
Solubility
mq/1
3.47
40g/100 ml H20
73,500
75,000
1,800
400
400
785
797
488
490
30
0.006
8,690
8,300
480 - 4,400
4,400
50
5,500
5,000
Temp.
°C
25
-
20
25
25
12
20
25
20
-
25
20
25
20
20
22
20
Reference
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1,1,2 Trichloroethane
4,500
20
315
-------
Compound
1,2 Dichloropropane
1,3 Dichloropropylene
2,4 Dimethyl phenol
3,5 Dimethyl phenol
2,4 Dinitrotoluene
2,6 Dinitrotoluene
1,2 Diphenylhydrazine
Ethyl benzene
Fluoranthene
4 Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
4 Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethoxy) methane
Methylene chloride
Methyl chloride
Methyl bromide
Bromoform
Dichlorobromomethane
Trichlorofluoromethane
Di chlorodi f1uoromethane
Solubility
mg/1
2,700
2,700
(cis) 2,700
(trans) 2.800
17,000
4,200
270
300
no data
221
152
100
0.26
r 59
38
er 1,700
e 81 ,000
13,200 - 20,000
20,000
6,450 - 7,250
280 ml/100 ml HpO
5,380
900
17,500
3,190
1,300
Insoluble
1,100
280
Temp.
DC
20
20
25
25
160
20
22
22
-
20
15
25
20
20
-
-
25
20
20
16
25
20
20
30
25
-
25
25
Reference
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
7
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
316
-------
Compound
1,1,2,2 Tetrachloroe thane
Chloroe thane
Bis(chloromethyl) ether
Bis(2-chl oroethyl) ether
2 Chl oroethyl vinyl ether
2 Chloronaphthalene
2,4,6 Trichlorophenol
Parachl orometacresol
Chloroform
2 Chlorophenol
1 ,2 Dichlorobenzene
1 ,3 Dichlorobenzene
1,4 Dichlorobenzene
3,3' Dichlorobenzidine
1 ,1 Di chl oroethyl ene
1,2 trans-Di chl oroethyl ene
2,4 Di chlorophenol
Solubility
mg/1
2,900
2,870
5,740
5,740
22,000(calculated)
Hydrolyzes (t-| /2 =
Decomposes
10,200
11,000
15,000
6.74
800
900
3,850
3,800
8,200
8,200
28,500
28,500
145
145
123
39
79
80
No data
400
5,000
600
4,500
4,500
Temp.
°C
20
25
20
25
38 sec)
20
-
25
25
25
20
20
20
20
20
20
25
25
-
25
25
20
20
20
20
20
Reference
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
317
-------
Compound
Chi orodibromomethane
Hexachiorobutadiene
Hexachiorocyclopentadi ene
Isophorone
Naphthalene
Nitrobenzene
2 Nitrophenol
4 Nitrophenol
2,4 Dinitrophenol
4,6 Dinitro-o-cresol
N-Ni trosodimethyl ami ne
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
N-Ni trosodi-n-propylami ne
Pentachlorophenol
Phenol
6700
Bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
Solubility
mg/1
No data
2
0.805
Insoluble
34.4
30
1,900
2,000
2,100
16,000
5,600
1,370
250
Miscible
No data
9,895
14
20
93,000
mg/100 ml H20
50
Insoluble
4,500
4,500
Insoluble
1,000
4,000
Temp.
°C
20
-
-
25
25
20
25
20
25
18
54.5
-
-
25
20
30
25
25
25
-
25
25
-
32
32
Reference
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
8
1
1
1
318
-------
Compound
Benzo(a)anthracene
Benzo(a)pyrene
3,4 Benzofluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Chrysene
Acenaphthylene
Anthracene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
Indeno(l ,2,3-cd)pyrene
Pyrene
Tetrach 1 oroethy 1 ene
Toluene
Trichloroethylene
Vinyl chloride
Aldrin
Dieldrin
Chlordane
Solubility
mg/1
0.014
0.0038
0.0012
0.00055
0.002
3,93
0.073
0.075
0.00026
1.98
1.29
1.6
0.0005
0.62
0.14
150 - 200
200
535
500
1,100
1,000
1.1
1
0.2
0.186
0.056
1.85
Temp.
°C
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
15
25
25
25
15
25
25
25
20
25
16
20
25
25
25
20
25-29
Reference
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
3
4
319
-------
Compound
4,4' DDT
4,4' DDE
4,4' ODD
a-Endosul fan-Alpha
b-Endosul fan-Beta
Endosulfan Sulfate
Endrin
Endrin aldehyde
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
a BHC - Alpha
3 BHC - Beta
Y BHC - Gamma
-------
Solubi1i ty
Compound mg/1 °C Reference
0.0027 1
PCB - 1260 0.00095 - 7
PCB - 1016 0.34 - 1
0.91 - 9
Toxaphene 3 20 2
2,3,7,8 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin No data
References
1. Water-Related Environmental Fate of 129 Priority Pollutants. A
Literature Search by Versar, Incorporated for USEPA Office of Water
Planning and Standards. Contract No. 68-01-3852. January -
February, 1979. Draft Copies.
2. ISHOW Data Base, University of Minnesota, Duluth. April 1979.
3. Spencer, W. F., and W. J. Farmer, Assessment of the Vapor Behavior
of Toxic Organic Chemicals. Contribution of Federal Research, SEA,
USDA, and the University of California, Riverside, California.
4. Weil, L.., G. Dure, and K. E. Quentin, Solubility in Water of
Insecticide Chlorinated Hydrocarbons and Polychlorinated Biphenyls
in View of Water Pollution, Z. Wasser Abwasser Forsch. 7(6), 169
(1974.
5. Park, K. S., and W. N. Bruce, The Determination of the Water Solu-
bility of Aldrin, Dieldrin, Heptachlor, and Heptachlor Epoxide.
J. Econ. Entomol., 61, 770 (1968).
6. Kurihara, N., M. Uchida, T. Fujita, and M. Nakajima, Benzene
Hexachloride Isomers and Related Compounds. Pestic. Biochem.
Physio., 2(4), 383 (1973).
7. Chiou, C. T., V. H. Freed, D. W. Schmedding, and R. L. Kohnert,
Partition Coefficient and Bioaccumulation of Selected Organic
Chemicals. Environ. Sci. & Techno!., 11(5) 475 (1977).
8. Residue Reviews, F. A. Gunther (editors), Springer-Verlag, New
York, New York. 1975, p. 6.
9. Lee, M., E. Chian, and R. Griffin, Qualitative Study of the Solu-
bility of Polychloroinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Capacitor Fluid in
Water. Progress Report for USEPA Grant R-804684 (October 1978).
321
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
REPORT NO.
EPA-600/8-80-023
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
CARBON ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS FOR TOXIC ORGANICS
5. REPORT DATE
PORT DATE
April 1980 (Issuing Date)
RFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
AUTHOR(S)
Richard A. Dobbs,
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Jesse M. Cohen
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Wastewater Research Division, TPDB, P-CTS
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
36B1C AI-02
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory-Cin.,OH
Office of Research and Development
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Research 8/72 - 3/1980
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/14
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Contact: Richard A. Dobbs (513) 684-7649
16. ABSTRACT
An experimental protocol for measuring the activated carbon adsorption isotherm was
developed and applied to a wide range of organic compounds. Methods for treatment
of the isotherm data and a standard format for presentation of results are shown.
In the early phase of the study selection of compounds for testing in the experimen-
tal program presented a formidable task. Initial selections were based on the fol-
lowing criteria: (1) annual quantity produced, (2) critical concentration required
to produce an adverse environmental effect, (3) probability of occurrence in water
or wastewater, (4) persistence in the water environment, and (5) solubility. During
the course of the study the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA)
list of regulated carcinogens and the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency's Consent
Decree list of priority pollutants were developed. These compounds were added to
those previously selected for the experimental phase of the study.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATl Field/Group
Activated Carbon Treatment
Adsorption
Physical-Chemical Treatment
13B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
332
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
322
ft US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1980-657-146/5645
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