United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Municipal Environmental Research EPA-600/8-80-023
laboratory          April 1980
Cii Jnniii OH 45268
Research and Development
Carbon Adsorption
Isotherms for
Organics

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      3.  Ecological Research
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      5.  Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
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      8.  "Special" Reports
      9.  Miscellaneous Reports

This report has been assigned to the "SPECIAL" REPORTS series. This series is
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                                        EPA-600/8-80-023
                                        April 1980
CARBON ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS FOR TOXIC ORGANICS
                      by

               Richard A. Dobbs
                Jesse M. Cohen
         Wastewater Research Division
  Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
            Cincinnati, Ohio  45268
                        uon
        SJ ii«sh ^Dearborn Street
                    eoeo*
  MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
      OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
     U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
            CINCINNATI, OHIO  45268

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                                DISCLAIMER
     This report has been reviewed by the Municipal Environmental Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publi-
cation.  Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
                         EHVIR0NMENTA& PKC TICTICK AGSTTCt
                                      11

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                                  FOREWORD
     The Environmental Protection Agency was created because of increasing
public and government concern about the dangers of pollution to the health and
and welfare of the American people.  Noxious air, foul water, and spoiled
land are tragic testimony to the deterioration of our natural environment.
The complexity of that environment and the interplay between its components
require a concentrated and integrated attack on the problem.

     Research and development is that necessary first step in problem solu-
tion, and it involves defining the problem, measuring its impact, and search-
ing for solutions.  The Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory develops
new and improved technology and systems for the prevention, treatment, and
management of wastewater and solid and hazardous waste pollutant discharges
from municipal and community sources, for the preservation and treatment of
public drinking water supplies, and to minimize the adverse economic, social,
health and aesthetic effects of pollution.  This publication is one of the
products of that research; a most vital communications link between the
researcher and the user community.

     This laboratory has had a continuing interest in the adsorption of
organic compounds on activated carbon.  During the past several years ad-
sorption data have been determined for compounds for which little or no data
are available in the literature.

     The recent interest in toxic substances and their treatability by carbon
has created a need for this kind of information.  To meet this demand data
from this laboratory have been collected under one cover.  A second purpose
of this report is to encourage some uniformity in the testing protocol and
handling of data so that adsorbability data can be compared among compounds.
                                          Francis T. Mayo
                                          Director
                                          Municipal Environmental Research
                                          Laboratory

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                                  ABSTRACT
     This research program was initiated with the overall  objective of
determining the capability of activated carbon to sorb priority pollutants
and other hazardous organic compounds from aqueous solution.

     An experimental protocol for measuring the activated  carbon adsorption
isotherm was developed and applied to a wide range of organic compounds.
Methods for treatment of the isotherm data and a standard  format for pre-
sentation of results are presented.  In the early phase of the study selec-
tion of compounds for testing in the experimental program  presented a formi-
dable task.  Initial selections were based on the following criteria: (1)
annual quantity produced, (2) critical concentration required to produce
an adverse environmental effect, (3) probability of occurrence in water
or wastewater, (4) persistence in the water environment, and (5) solubility.
During the course of the study the Occupational Safety and Health Admin-
tration's (OSHA) list of regulated carcinogens and the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's Consent Decree list of priority pollutants were develop-
ed.  These compounds were added to those previously selected for the experi-
mental phase of the study.

     This report covers a period from August 8, 1972, to March 31, 1980.
                                     iv

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                                 CONTENTS

Foreword	iii
Abstract	iv
Alphabetical List of Compounds	vi
Figures and Tables	viii
Acknowledgement 	   ix

     1.   Introduction 	  1
     2.   Conclusions  	  3
     3.   Recommendations	4
     4.   Materials and Methods  	  5
               Selection and Source of Compounds 	  5
               Adsorbent 	  5
               Analytical Methods  	  5
     5.   Experimental Procedures  	  7
               Preparation of Carbon Slurry  	  7
               Preparation of Test Solutions 	  7
               Validation of Experimental Protocol  	  8
     6.   Results and Discussion	11
                Treatment of Isotherm Data	11
                Presentation of Data	12
                Summary of Data	14
     7.   Isotherms for Individual  Compounds	19
 References	306
 Bibliography	308
 Appendices	•  309
     A.   Activated Carbon Adsorption Isotherm Protocol   	  309
     B.   Published Solubilities of Selected Compounds    .....  315

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Compound
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF COMPOUNDS

      Page No.  Compound
Page No.
Acenaphthene                  20
Acenaphthylene                22
Acetone cyanohydrin           24
Acetophenone                  26
2-Acetylaminofluorene         28

Acridine orange               30
Acridine yellow               32
Acrolein                      34
Acrylonitrile                 36
Adenine                       38

Adipic acid                   46
Aldrin                        42
4-Aminobiphenyl               44
Anethole                      46
o-Anisidine                   48
Anthracene                    50

Benzene                       52
Benzidine dihydrochloride     54
Benzoic acid                  56
3,4-Benzofluoranthene         58

Benzo(k)fluoranthene          60
Benzo(ghi)perylene            62
Benzo(a)pyrene                64
Benzothiazole                 66
alpha-BHC                     68
Beta-BHC                      70
gamma-BHC (lindane)           72

Bromoform                     74
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether    76
5-Bromouracil                 78
Butylamine                    80
Butylbenzyl phthalate         82

N-Butyl phthalate             84
Carbon tetrachloride          86
Chlorobenzene                 88
                 Chlordane                     90
                 Chloroethane                  92
                 bis(2-Chloroethoxy)methane    94
                 bis(2-Chloroethyl)ether       96
                  2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether    98

                 Chloroform                   100
                 bis(2-Chloroisopropy1)ether  102
                 Parachlorometa cresol        104
                 2-Chloronaphthalene          106
                 l-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene      108

                 2-Chlorophenol               110
                 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether  112
                 5-Chlorouracil               114
                 Choline chloride             116
                 Cyclohexanone                118
                 Cyclohexylamine              120

                 Cytosine                     122
                 DDE                          124
                 DDT                          126
                 Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene       128

                 Dibromochloromethane         130
                 l,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane  132
                 1,2-Dichlorobenzene          134
                 1,3-Dichlorobenzene          136
                 1,4-Dichlorobenzene          138
                 3,3-Dichlorobenzidine        140
                 Dichlorobromomethane         142

                 1,1-D i ch1oroethane           144
                 1,2-Dichloroethane           146
                 1,2-trans-Dichloroethene     148
                 1,1-Dichloroethylene         150
                 2,4-Dichlorophenol           152

                 1,2-Dichloropropane          154
                 1,2-Dichloropropene          156
                 Dieldrin                     158
                                    VI

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               ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  COMPOUNDS  (continued)
 Compound                Page No.
Diethylene glycol
Diethyl phthalate
4-Dimethylaminoazo-
     benzene
N-Dimethylm'trosamine
2,4-Dimethylphenol

Dimethyl phenyl carbinol
Dimethyl phthalate
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene

2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Diphenylamine
1,1-Diphenylhydrazine
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
alpha-Endosulfan

beta-Endosulfan
Endosulfan sulfate
Endrin
Ethanol
Ethylbenzene

Ethylenediamine
Ethylenediamine tetra-
     acetic acid
bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate
Fluoranthene
Fluorene

5-Fluorouracil
Guanine
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
Hexachlorobenzene

Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachloroethane
Hexamethy1ened i ami ne
Hydroquinone
Isophorone
Methylene chloride
160
162

164
166
168

170
172
174
176
178

180
182
184
186
188

190
192
194
196
198

200

202
204
206
208

210
212
214
216
218

220
222
224
226
228

230
232
 Compound                 Page No.

4,4'-Methylene-bis-
  (2-chloroaniline)           234
Morpholine                    236
Naphthalene                   238
alpha-Naphthol                240
beta-Naphthol                 242

alpha-Naphthylamine           244
beta-Naphthylamine            246
p-Nitroaniline                248
Nitrobenzene                  250
4-Nitrobiphenyl               252

2-Nitrophenol                 254
4-Nitrophenol                 256
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine        258
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine     260
p-Nonylphenol                 262

PCB-1221                      264
PCB-1232                      266
Pentachlorophenol             268
Phenanthrene                  270
Phenol                        272

Phenylmercuric acetate        274
Styrene                       276
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane     278
Tetrachloroethene             280
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphtha-
   lene                       282
Thymine                       284

Toluene                       286
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene        288
1,1,1-Trichloroethane         290
1,1,2-Trichloroethane         292
Trichloroethene               294
Trichlorofluoromethane        296

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol         298
Triethanolamine               300
Uracil                        302
p-Xylene                      304
                                    vii

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                       FIGURES AND TABLES


Figure                                                          Page

1    Percent of equilibrium capacity attained as a
     function of time	10

Table

1    Effect of Ethanol on Adsorption Capacity of 2-Chlorophenol .   8

2    Reproducibility of Experimental Protocol 	   9

3    Summary of Carbon Adsorption Capacities  	  15
                               vm

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                              ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
     The authors gratefully acknowledge the laboratory and editorial
assistance of Michael Jelus.   Others who assisted in the laboratory phase
include Richard J.  Middendorf, Mary Anne Leugers, Richard A. Fiutem,
Elmer D. Lipp, and  Amy Knipschild.

     Carcinogenic compounds specified in the text were investigated by
Illinois Institute  of Technology Research Institute under Contract No.
CI-68-03-2559 and 68-03-2834.   Edward G. Fochtman served as Principal
Investigator for both contracts.
                                      IX

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                                  SECTION 1

                                 INTRODUCTION

      A vast number of synthetic organic chemicals are being produced by
industry, some of which are introduced into the environment.  A measure of
the immensity of the problem can be obtained from the American Chemical
Society's Chemical Abstract Service whose registry of chemicals lists
4,039,907 distinct entities as of November, 1977.  New compounds are being
added to the registry at an average rate of about 6,000 per week (1).  Of
these, Chemical Abstract Service lists some 33,000 chemicals that are thought
to be in common use, excluding pesticides, Pharmaceuticals, and food addi-
tives.  Thus, a large number of synthetic organic chemicals are being intro-
duced into the environment.  By 1976 some 1,260 organic chemicals were
reported found or suspected in fresh water (2) and the list is expanding
rapidly as analytical techniques are refined, and surveys are conducted on
streams, industrial, and municipal wastewaters and potable waters.

      The presence of synthetic organic compounds in the environment can have
severe adverse effects.  These effects include toxicity, carcinogenicity,
mutagenicity, or teratogenicity in man and animals, toxicity to aquatic life,
and degradation of the quality of water for human consumption.  Hence, there
is a need to develop control technology capable of removing hazardous organ-
ics from water to prevent further dispersion into the environment.  Adsorp-
tion on powdered or granular activated carbon is being increasingly consider-
ed as a method for removal of organic compounds.

      While studies on the adsorption of specific organic compounds on acti-
vated carbon are extremely limited when the vast number of chemical entities
are considered, a substantial number of investigations have been reported. A
summary of some of the literature is described below.  Linner and Gortner (3)
studied a series of 31 organic acids.  More recent studies have investigated
the adsorption of organic compounds of environmental concern.  Morris and
Weber (4,5) reported data on the adsorption of phenol, sodium salts of sul-
fonated  organics and pesticides.  Adsorption of aromatic acids has been
reported by Ward and Getzen (6).  Carbon loading values of 300 mg/g of carbon
at a residual concentration of 1 mg/1 have been reported for the herbicide
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (7).  Dedrick and Beckman (8) found approxi-
mately 20% less adsorption capacity for the same compound. Weber and Gould
(9) and DiGiano and Weber (10) investigated the adsorption of organic pesti-
cides including related phenols.  Freundlich parameters have been reported
for the carbamate insecticides Sevin (1-naphthyl-N- methylcarbamate) and
Baygon (2-isopropoxy-N-methylcarbamate) (11).  Bernardin and Froelich (12)
measured the adsorption of aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, DDT, ODD, DDE, Toxaphene
and PCB on activated carbon and were able to achieve residuals of less than

                                     1

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1 ug/1 for each compound in the treated water.   Lawrence and Tosine (13)
studied the adsorption of polychlorinated biphenyls from aqueous solution
and sewage.  The effect of molecular structure on the adsorption of substi-
tuted benzene compounds was determined by Al-Bahrani and Martin (14).
Argaman (15) compared the adsorption of dichloroethane on three different
activated carbons.  Singer and Yen (16) studied the adsorption of phenol,
methylphenol, ethylphenol, dimethylphenol and isopropylphenol on a petroleum-
base carbon.  Murin and Snoeyink (17) studied the adsorption of 2,4-dichloro-
phenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol at different pH values and determined the
effect of humic substances on the adsorption capacity.  Removal of methoxy-
chlor from potable water was investigated by Steiner and Singley (18).
Adsorption of benzene, toluene, o-xylene and ethylbenzene was investigated
by El-Dib and Badawy (19).  Peel and Benedek (20) emphasized the kinetic
factors in a study on the adsorption of phenol  and o-chlorophenol.  Fochtman
and Dobbs (21) measured the adsorption isotherms for naphthalene, 1,1'-
-diphenylhydrazine, beta-naphthylamine, 4,4'- methylene bis(2-chloroaniline),
 benzidine, dimethylnitrosamine, and 3,3'- dichlorobenzidine and described
general procedures for handling chemical carcinogens in the research
laboratory.

     Although the literature contains data on adsorption of specific com-
pounds, the experimental techniques and methods of reporting the data are so
varied, that it is difficult to compare adsorbability among compounds.  As
a result, a major objective of the present study was to standardize the
experimental procedure as well as the method of reporting results.  Under
these conditions, information on adsorption can be compared on a common
basis.  A second objective was to provide carbon adsorption data for select-
ed compounds of environmental concern.  The approach chosen to describe
adsorption was batch equilibrium carbon adsorption isotherms with the results
plotted according to the Freundlich adsorption equation.

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                                  SECTION 2

                                 CONCLUSIONS

     The results of experimental studies on the adsorption of priority pollu-
tants and other hazardous organic compounds have shown that activated carbon
treatment can effectively remove many of these substances from aqueous solu-
tion.  Pesticides, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, phenolics,
and substituted benzenes are readily adsorbed by activated carbon.  Certain
low molecular weight compounds with high polarity are not amenable to acti-
vated carbon treatment.  Compounds in this category include low molecular
weight amines, nitrosamines, glycols, and certain ethers.

     The experimental protocol developed for the isotherm testing provides
a simple reproducible procedure for estimating the capacity of activated
carbon for adsorption of specific compounds from aqueous solution.  The
data summary containing the Freundlich parameters and the calculated carbon
requirements for granular and powdered carbon treatment simplifies the evalu-
ation of treatability by carbon adsorption.

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                                  SECTION 3

                               RECOMMENDATIONS

     Activated carbon adsorption isotherm testing of specific organic com-
pounds should be continued in order to develop a broader base of information
for assessing the potential  of the process for control  of toxic or hazardous
compounds.   Studies should be directed toward correlation of laboratory
isotherm capacity with column loading in treatment operations.   Kinetic
factors for both granular and powdered carbon treatment need to be investi-
gated.  Correlation of adsorption capacities with fundamental molecular
properties  should be attempted in order to develop the  capability to estimate
treatability of compounds for which isotherm data are lacking.

     Isotherm data for a variety of different activated carbons should be
developed using a standard protocol for selected compounds in order to com-
pare adsorption capacities with carbon properties.

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                                  SECTION 4

                            MATERIALS AND METHODS

SELECTION AND SOURCE OF COMPOUNDS

     Compounds selected for the present investigation were taken from the
following:  (1) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Guidelines
Division list of priority pollutants, (2) Occupational Safety and Health
Administration's list of regulated carcinogens, and (3) a list of special
interest compounds chosen by the authors.

     The organic compounds were used as received from the suppliers:
Aldrich Chemical Company, Eastman Organic Chemicals, Chem Service,  Inc.,
and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Health Effects Research
Laboratory.  Carcinogenic compounds were obtained from National Cancer
Institute's Chemical Repository at IIT Research Institute.  In general,
the compounds assayed greater than 95% and were used without correction
for purity.

ADSORBENT

     Filtrasorb 300 granular activated carbon, a product of Calgon  Corporation,
was used as the adsorbent.  The granular carbon was pulverized in a ball
mill and then screened for classification.  Only that portion which passed
a 200 mesh (0.0736 mm) screen but was retained by a 400 mesh (0.0381 mm)
screen was used for isotherm tests.  The carbon was repeatedly milled and
screened so that practically all of the original carbon was retained as
a powdered sample.  After classification the powdered carbon was oven-dried
overnight at 105°C, cooled in a desiccator and stored there until needed
for experimental purposes.  A slurry of the pulverized and screened carbon
was prepared in distilled water at an appropriate concentration and the
thoroughly wetted carbon suspension was used in the isotherm tests.

ANALYTICAL METHODS

     A variety of analytical procedures were used to analyze samples for
initial and residual concentration of test compound.

     Chlorinated volatile compounds were analyzed by purge and trap gas
chromatography as described by Bellar and Lichtenberg (22).  A Tenax GC
trap was used in conjunction with a 0.2% Carbowax 1500 on 60/80 mesh
Carbopack C column.  Samples were analyzed using a Tracor Model 222 Gas
Chromatograph equipped with a Tracor 310 Hall Electrolytic Detector.

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    Aromatic and substituted aromatic compounds were generally determined by
 U-V spectroscopy.   A Beckman Model  25 Spectrophotometer equipped with auto-
 matic sampler was  used to obtain a  scan of each test compound in aqueous
 solution and for the fixed wavelength quantitative measurements.

    Solvent extraction - gas chromatography was used for compounds with
 limited solubility which were not measurable by U-V spectroscopy or purge
 and trap gas chromatography.  The method involved solvent extraction of the
 aqueous sample with Freon, methylene chloride, or hexane followed by sodium
 sulfate drying, concentration of the extract in a Kuderna-Danish apparatus,
 and gas chromatography as reported  by Austern, et al., (23).   Extracts were
 analyzed using a Varian Model 3700  gas chromatograph equipped with flame
 ionization and electron capture detectors.

    Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons with limited solubility were analyzed
 by fluorescence spectroscopy.  An American Instrument Company Aminco-Bowman
 Spectrophotofluorometer Model J48960 equipped with Xenon lamp was used for
 fluorescence measurements.  Excitation and emission wavelengths used for
 analytical purposes are presented on the appropriate data forms.

    Several low molecular weight compounds were analyzed with a Beckman Total
 Organic Carbon Analyzer Model 915B.  Samples were acidified and purged for
 total organic carbon analysis or injected directly for a total carbon
 measurement.  The  latter was the method of choice for volatile organics
 which could not be purged without significant loss of compound.

    A more complete description of recommended test procedures for the analy-
sis of priority pollutants has recently been published by the Environmental
Monitoring and Support Laboratory of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (24).

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                                   SECTION  5

                            EXPERIMENTAL  PROCEDURES

     A general description of the carbon adsorption isotherm procedure used
in the present study is presented in Appendix A.  Slight modifications were
required for certain compounds.  These will be described at the appropriate
place in the text.

PREPARATION OF CARBON SLURRY

     All isotherm tests were conducted using a thoroughly wetted carbon
slurry.  The initial slurry was prepared by weighing 50.00 grams of pulver-
ized and screened carbon and diluting to 1.0 liter with distilled water.
Other working standard slurries were prepared by serial dilution of the
original stock.  Desired carbon doses were achieved by using dispensing
pipettes of differing volumes.  The initial slurry and all serial dilutions
were stored in the dark until needed for isotherm testing.

PREPARATION OF TEST SOLUTIONS

     Standard solutions of the compounds were prepared in distilled water
or mineralized distilled water by several methods.  Aqueous solutions of
the volatile compounds were prepared by injecting an ethanolic standard
solution into the bottle containing distilled water.  The bottle was com-
pletely filled and capped to minimize loss of compound.

     Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon stock standard solutions were prepared
by injecting a methylene chloride solution of the compound into distilled
water and stirring for one to three days to ensure dissolution.  Analysis
of the resulting solution for methylene chloride at the end of the mixing
period indicated complete loss of the solvent.  Dissolution of the poly-
nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons was carried out in the dark to avoid photo-
chemical decomposition.  Some of the more insoluble polynuclear aromatic
compounds were treated by a modified protocol.  Standard solutions were
prepared using coated-glass beads as described by May and Wasik (25).
Each isotherm point corresponding to a single carbon dose required a sepa-
rate standard solution often at a different initial concentration.  Since
the initial concentration varied for the series of carbon doses, a modified
data reporting form was developed for these cases.

     All pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls were added to the distill-
ed water as an acetone standard solution.  Use of an organic solvent facili-
tates the dissolution of the organic compound in aqueous solution.  Mini-
mum quantities of acetone were used and no effect on the isotherm was

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expected from the small concentrations of solvent because of the very low
adsorbability of acetone and the concurrently high adsorption of the pesti-
cides.

     Several compounds were weighed and added directly to the distilled water
to prepare aqueous solutions.  These were mostly solids which were readily
soluble in water.  Simple aromatic compounds were added as alcoholic solutions.

VALIDATION OF EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL

     Several aspects of the general isotherm protocol needed to be evaluated
in order to validate the proposed procedures.  These included: (1) the effect
of ethanol on the measured adsorption capacity of a compound, (2) rate of
adsorption of compounds to determine whether or not the proposed two-hour
contact time was adequate and, (3) reproducibility of the total procedure.

     The maximum concentration of ethanol used in the preparation of the
aqueous test solutions was 0.008 % w/w (78.9 mg/1).  In most cases ethanol
concentrations were 0.002 % w/w (15.6 mg/1) or less.  Two tests were per-
formed to determine the effect of added ethanol.  In the first test an iso-
therm was obtained using  ethanol in aqueous solution as the test compound.
The second test determined the effect of the presence of ethanol on the
adsorption capacity of 2-chlorophenol.  Results are summarized in Table 1.
     TABLE 1.   EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF 2-CHLOROPHENOL

     Mt.% Ethanol* Added   Adsorption Capacity(a)(mg/g)    1/n (slope)

           0                        61                       0.38

           0.001                    56                       0.38

           0.010                    57                       0.39

           0.100                    58                       0.33

    *Sp. gr.  0.789

    (a) Adsorption capacities are calculated at a residual
        concentration of 1 mg/1 in equilibrium with activated
        carbon at neutral pH.


     The rate of adsorption was investigated using three compounds selected
to represent acidic, basic, and neutral compounds with weak, moderate,  and
strong  adsorption capacities.  The compounds selected were 2-chlorophenol,
diphenylamine and 2-chloronaphthalene.  Each compound was tested at a con-
centration of 2.0 mg/1 at one carbon dosage.  Carbon dosages-were selected
to remove most of the compound but still  leave sufficient residual concen-
tration for analysis by U-V spectroscopy.  The resulting data on the

                                      8

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approach to equilibrium are presented in Figure 1.

    Reproducibility of the experimental isotherm protocol was determined
by repetitive measurement of the adsorption capacity for 2-chlorophenol at
neutral pH.  The results of seven independent isotherm measurements are
given  in Table 2.
             TABLE 2.  REPRODUCIBILITY OF EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL

          Isotherm No.                 Adsorption Capacity*, mg/g

                1                                  62.0

                2                                  63.3

                3                                  52.1

                4                                  52.1

                5                                  53.9

                6                                  56.9

                7                                  60.1

                             Average               57.1

                             Standard deviation    4.7
*
 Calculated for an equilibrium concentration of 1.0 mg/1 of
 2-chlorophenol.


     Successful demonstration of the basic protocol was followed by an
extensive program to obtain isotherms for the compounds selected.  Isotherms
were obtained on all of the desired compounds, with some exceptions.  Those
excluded were (a) compounds which were gases at room temperature, (b) sub-
stances not readily available or not available at reasonable cost, (c)
compounds which exhibited some form of instability in aqueous solution.
In cases where a series of similar or related compounds were listed, enough
members of that class were included in the isotherm study to provide a
basis for estimating the adsorbability of members not actually tested.  For
example, not all PCBs and polynuclear aromatic compounds were tested.  How-
ever, those that were measured indicate that all of the class are adsorbable.
The results are presented on standardized data forms developed to facili-
tate comparison of adsorption data.

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              2-hr contact time
                         Initial concentration 2.0 mg/l
                         2-Chlorophenol;20 mg/l carbon dose
                         Diphenylamine;10 mg/l carbon dose
                         2-Chloronaphthalene;5 mg/l carbon dose
           100
200
300   1000
TIME(min.)
2000   3000
Figure 1.  Percent of equilibrium  capacity
            attained as a function of time.
                          10

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                                  SECTION 6

                           RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

     An attempt to measure an isotherm for ethanol at an initial concentra-
tion of 67 mg/1 showed less than a 10% reduction in residual concentration
for a carbon dose of almost 10 g/1.  Therefore, it was concluded that ethanol
was not adsorbed and would not compete for adsorption capacity with the test
compounds.

     Although adsorption from an organic solvent has been reported to be
much lower than that obtained from aqueous solution (26) the concentrations
of ethanol used in the present study did not alter the adsorption capacity
of 2-chlorophenol even when ten times the maximum concentration used in the
experimental study was tested as shown in Table 1.

     The two-hour contact time specified in the adsorption protocol appears
to be adequate for purposes of comparing adsorption characteristics of dif-
ferent compounds.  Percent of equilibrium values for the two-hour contact
time for 2-chlorophenol, diphenylamine and 2-chloronaphthalene were 92%,
91% and 92%, respectively, as illustrated in Figure 1.  In these calculations,
equilibrium was considered to be attained after 3,000 minutes, since no
further adsorption occurred between 2,000 minutes and 3,000 minutes of
contact time.  A four-hour contact time would result in slightly greater
capacities and may be preferred for some applications.  However, other
factors, such as purity of the reagents, photochemical effects, variations
in different lots of carbon, and method of chemical analysis may all con-
tribute to the measured adsorption capacity in a more significant manner
than the additional contact time.

     The reproducibility of the total isotherm protocol has been demonstra-
ted to be * 8.2%.  The adsorption capacity for 2-chlorophenol (57.1 ^ 4.7
mg/g) at an equilibrium concentration of 1.0 mg/1 illustrates the repro-
ducibility that can be expected.  Results from another laboratory have been
reported on several compounds included in the present study using the pro-
tocol presented in Appendix A (27).  Results between laboratories were
reproducible with deviations less than +_ 10%.

TREATMENT OF ISOTHERM DATA

     The carbon adsorption data were plotted according to the Freundlich
equation.  While the equation is empirical  it is nonetheless widely used
and has been found to describe adequately the adsorption process in dilute
solution.  The Freundlich equation has the form:
                                     11

-------
           X/M  =  KCf1/n

where:

      X = Co-Cf is the amount of compound adsorbed from a given volume
          of solution,

      M = the weight of activated carbon

      C0 = the amount of compound in the untreated solution,

      Cf = the amount of compound remaining in the treated water,

      K and 1/n are empirical constants characteristic of the compound and
carbon used in the test.  Graphically,  K is the X/M intercept of the iso-
therm plot at Cf = 1 and 1/n is the slope of the line when the equation is
plotted on logarithmic paper.  The intercept is an indicator of adsorption
capacity and the slope of adsorption intensity.   The concentration of
adsorbate on the adsorbent in equilibrium with a concentration Cf is
expressed by X/M.  In this study X/M was expressed as mg compound adsorbed
per gram of carbon.

      Data were fitted to the logarithmic form of the above equation, which
has the form:

           log X/M  =  log K + 1/n log Cf                       (2)

PRESENTATION OF DATA

    The experimental data for each of the compounds tested are summarized
on standardized data forms.  Carbon dosages used in the isotherm procedure
are shown on the left hand column along with the initial C0, and residual
concentrations after treatment with pulverized activated carbon.  Data are
expressed in mg/1.  These values were then used to calculate the amount of
compound removed (C0-Cf) and the carbon loading, X/M expressed as mg/g. The
data were plotted according to equation(2) on logarithmic paper.  Linear
least squares regression analysis was used to locate the isotherm line. Some
of the compounds were tested at differing pH's.  When pH affected  adsorption,
individual lines were drawn to show the effect of pH.  If pH had no observ-
able effect on adsorption, all of the data points were plotted and represent-
ed by a single line.

    On the first  page of the data form for each compound, the molecular
structure, formula and molecular weight are given.  The equation of the
regression line was used to calculate the values for the intercept, K, and
the slope 1/n.  The K value represents the carbon loading, X/M, in mg com-
pound/gram of carbon at an equilibrium concentration of 1.0 mg/1 of compound.
K values were summarized at this concentration for comparison purposes even
though 1.0 mg/1 exceeded the solubility of several of the compounds tested.
Thus, some K values for the extremely insoluble compounds represent a sub-
stantial extrapolation of the data by as much as two or three orders of
                                     12

-------
magnitude.  Available information on the solubility of test compounds is
presented in Appendix B.  Also shown on the data form is the correlation
coefficient, r, for the linear regression analysis.

     As the Freundlich equation indicates, the loading on the carbon, X/M,
is a function of the equilibrium concentration of organic compound after
carbon treatment.  This effect is shown in the next table on the data sheet.
The adsorption capacity in mg/gram for varying equilibrium concentrations
of organic compound ranging from 0.001 to 1.0 mg/1, were calculated from
the equation of the regression line.

     The Freundlich equation can be rearranged to calculate the carbon dose
required to reduce any initial concentration of compound to some predeter-
mined residual concentration.  If, for the term X, use is made of its
equivalent, C0-Cf, in which C0 equals the initial concentration of organic
compound and Cf the residual concentration, the equation can now be written
as follows:

                         i/n                                     (3)
     Equation 3 can be solved directly for the carbon dose required or the
equation can be rearranged to the logarithmic form:

           log (C0-Cf)-log M  = log K + 1/n log Cf               (4)

       Equation  3 is linear when M (carbon dose) is plotted against C0
initial concentration on ordinary coordinate paper.  These calculations were
made for a range of initial and final concentrations.  The resulting carbon
doses are tabulated in mg/1 for neutral pH in the bottom table of the data
sheet (solution of equations 3 and 4 gives M = grams/liter if C0 and Cf are
in mg/1 and K is in mg/g).  For compounds which were essentially non-adsorb-
able, the calculated carbon dosages were considered too high to be practical
and are shown in the table as greater than 100,000 mg/1 carbon.

     The tabulated carbon doses represent removals obtainable in a single-
stage contactor.  More efficient use of carbon can be realized by multiple
stages of contacting.  The carbon dose values are, however, useful for
comparative purposes and to ascertain whether use of carbon is feasible
for removal of a compound.

     Data are provided to calculate the carbon dose to reduce any initial
concentration of a compound to any desired final concentration.  For example,
consider the following for benzidine.  To calculate the carbon required
to reduce a benzidine concentration from 10 mg/1 to 0.1 mg/1 in neutral
solution, equation 4 is used.  Values for the constants are taken from the
first  page of the data sheets for benzidine.  Thus,

           log (lO-O.l)-log M = log 220 + 0.37 log 0.1

                M  = 0.100 g/1 or 100 mg/1


                                     13

-------
    The tabulated carbon doses are also useful  to illustrate the benefit
of more than one stage of treatment.   Consider  again the case of benzidine.
To reduce an initial  concentration of 10 mg/1  to 0.1 mg/1  in a single stage
requires 100 mg/1 of  activated  carbon.  If removal  is accomplished in two
stages; i.e., 10 mg/1 to 1.0 mg/1  in  the first  stage followed by 1.0 mg/1
to 0.1 mg/1 in a second stage, the carbon dose  is 40 mg/1  + 9.4 mg/1 =
49.4 mg/1 of carbon or about one-half the dose  required in a single stage
process.

    The ultimate number of stages  in  a carbon  adsorption system is achieved
in column operation.   Carbon requirements for  column adsorption systems
can be estimated from the Freundlich  equation.   To estimate the granular
carbon requirements for column operation obtain the adsorption capacity
from the isotherm plot for the concentration of compound to be treated.
This capacity designated (X/M)c  is the ultimate capacity of the carbon for
the adsorbate at that concentration (C0).  This capacity represents the
ultimate loading for  a single component solution that can be attained during
granular carbon column treatment,  if  the column is operated until the adsorb-
ate concentration in  the effluent  is  equal to  the influent.  Granular carbon
requirement (Gc) can  be calculated from the following equation:

           Gc  =  C0                                              (5)
                 (X7M)C0

If C0 is in mg/1 and  X/M is in mg/g carbon requirements will be in g/1.
Multiplication by 1,000 gives mg/1 and multiplication of that product by
8.337 gives pounds per million gallons to be treated.  For example, consider
the case of granular  carbon treatment of a solution containing 1 mg/1 of
benzidine  (C0 = 1.0 mg/1; X/M  = 220 mg/g).  Solution of equation 5 yields:

           Gc  =  J__  =  0.0045  g/1 or 4.5 mg/1
                  220

SUMMARY OF DATA

    A summary of the adsorption capacities for all of the compounds tested
(at neutral pH) are shown in Table 3.  The values are arranged in descending
order.  The constant, K, expressed as mg compound/gram of carbon, corresponds
to the capacity, X/M, when the equilibrium concentration of compound is 1.0
mg/1.

    Activated carbon exhibits a broad range of effectiveness in adsorbing
organic compounds.  Low molecular  weight compounds with polar characteristics
are not well adsorbed, if at all.   Pesticides,  polychlorinated biphenyls,
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates,  aromatic, and substituted
aromatic compounds were strongly adsorbed on activated carbon.  Treatability
of water and wastewater for removal of organics can be evaluated using the
isotherm procedure.
                                     14

-------
             TABLE 3.   SUMMARY  OF  CARBON ADSORPTION  CAPACITIES
 Compound

bis(2-Ethylhexyl)
    phthalate
Butylbenzyl phthalate
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
Endosulfan sulfate

Endrin
Fluoranthene
Aldrin
PCB-1232
beta-Endosulfan

Dieldrin
Hexachlorobenzene
Anthracene
4-Nitrobiphenyl

Fluorene
DDT
2-Acetylami nof1uorene
alpha-BHC
Anethole*
 Adsorption(a)
Capacity,  mg/g


      11,300
       1,520
       1,220
       1,038
         686

         666
         664
         651
         630
         615

         606
         450
         376
         370

         330
         322
         318
         303
         300
3,3-Dichlorobenzidine         300
2-Chloronaphthalene           280
Phenylmercuric Acetate        270
Hexachlorobutadiene           258
gamma-BHC (lindane)           256

p-Nonylphenol                 250
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene     249
Chlordane                     245
PCB-1221                      242
DDE                           232

Acridine yellow*              230
Benzidine dihydrochloride     220
beta-BHC                      220
N-Butylphthalate              220
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine        220
                    Adsorption U)
 Compound          Capacity, mg/g
Phenanthrene                 215
Dimethylphenylcarbinol*      210
4-Aminobiphenyl              200
beta-Naphthol*               200
alpha-Endosulfan             194

Acenaphthene                 190
4,4' Methylene-bis-
     (2-chloroaniline)       190
Benzo(k)fluoranthene         181
Acridine orange*             180
alpha-Naphthol               180

4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol         169
alpha-Naphthylamine          160
2,4-Dichlorophenol           157
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene       157
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol        155

beta-Naphthylamine           150
Pentachlorophenol            150
2,4-Dinitrotoluene           146
2,6-Dinitrotoluene           145
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether   144

p-Nitroaniline*              140
1,1-Diphenylhydrazine        135
Naphthalene                  132
l-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene      130
1,2-Dichlorobenzene          129

p-Chlorometacresol           124
1,4-Dichlorobenzene          121
Benzothiazole*               120
Diphenylamine                120
Guanine*                     120

Styrene                      120
1,3-Dichlorobenzene          118
Acenaphthylene               115
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether  111
Diethyl phthalate            110
                                     15

-------
         TABLE 3.   SUMMARY OF CARBON ADSORPTION CAPACITIES (cont.)
Compound
 Adsorption(a'
Capacity, mg/g
Compound
 Adsorption(a)
Capacity, mg/g
2-Nitrophenol               99
Dimethyl phthalate          97
Hexachloroethane            97
Chlorobenzene               91
p-Xylene                    85

2,4-Dimethylphenol          78
4-Nitrophenol               76
Acetophenone                74
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-
     naphthalene            74
Adenine*                    71

Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene      69
Nitrobenzene                68
3,4-Benzofluoranthene       57
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloro-
     propane                53

Ethylbenzene                53
2-Chlorophenol              51
Tetrachloroethene           51
o-Anisidine*                50
5 Bromouracil               44

Benzo(a)pyrene              34
2,4-Dinitrophenol           33
Isophorone                  32
Trichloroethene             28
Thymine*                    27

Toluene                     26
5-Chlorouracil*             25
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine   24
bis(2-Chloroisopropyl}
     ether                  24
Phenol                      21
                     Bromoform                  20
                     Carbon tetrachloride       11
                     bis(2-Chloroethoxy)
                          methane               11
                     Uracil*                    11
                     Benzo(ghi)perylene         11

                    1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane   11
                    1,2-Dichloropropene         8.2
                    Dichlorobromomethane        7.9
                    Cyclohexanone*              6.2
                    1,2-Dichloropropane         5.9

                    1,1,2-Trichloroethane       5.8
                    Trichlorofluoromethane      5.6
                    5-Fluorouracil*             5.5
                    1,1-Dichloroethylene        4.9
                    Dibromochloromethane        4.8

                    2-Chloroethyl vinyl
                         ether                  3.9
                    1,2-Dichloroethane          3.6
                    1,2-trans-Dichloroethene    3.1
                    Chloroform                  2.6
                    1,1,1-Jrichloroethane         2.5

                    1,1-Dichloroethane          1.8
                    Acrylonitrile               1.4
                    Methylene chloride          1.3
                    Acrolein                    1.2
                    Cytosine*                   1.1

                    Benzene                     1.0
                    Ethylenediaminetetra-
                         acetic acid            0.86
                    Benzoic acid                0.76
                    Chloroethane                0.59
                    N-Dimethylnitros-
                         amine                6.8 x 10~5
                                     16

-------
       TABLE  3.  SUMMARY OF CARBON ADSORPTION CAPACITIES (cont.)
                             NOT  ADSORBED
           Acetone cyanohydrin              Adi pic acid
           Butylamine                      Choline chloride
           Cyclohexylamine                 Diethylene glycol
           Ethanol                         Hexamethylenediamine
           Hydroquinone                    Morpholine
                            Triethanolamine
 Compounds prepared in "mineralized" distilled water containing the
 following composition:
     Ion        Cone., mg/1             Ion          Cone.,  mg/1
     Na+            92                 P04=             10
     K+             12.6               S04=             100
     Ca++           100                CT              177
     Mg++           25.3          Alkalinity            200

(a)  Adsorption capacities are calculated for an equilibrium concen-
     tration of 1.0 mg/1 at  neutral  pH.
                                  17

-------

-------
             SECTION 7



ISOTHERMS FOR INDIVIDUAL COMPOUNDS
                19

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
 Acenaphthene
FORMULA:
C12H10
MOL WT.   154.21
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
5.3
190
0.36
0.82








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
190
84
37.0
16








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
                          GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
10



0.01
30
2.4


0.001
60
6.1
0.6

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


5.2
1.2
0.3

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:   Ultraviolet  Spectroscopy 226 nm.


REMARKS.
                                   20

-------
Acenaphthene
1
1
6
5
4
I '
GO 2
ee.
<
u
1
\ «
2 «
S '
8 »
o
<
t

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
              Acenaphthylene
FORMULA:
C12H8
MOL. WT.  152.21
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01 ^
0.001
pH
5.3
115
0.37
0.90








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
115
4Q
21
9.0








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
                                GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
18



0.01
47
4.3


0.001
no
11
1.0

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


8.7
2.n
0.5

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction  -  G.C.

REMARKS:
                                   22

-------
z
o
CO
at

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UJ
ea

O
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x-






















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3 4 5 6 7 (























1
   0.001
bro'i           "   o.i               i.o
       RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf)r mg/l
10

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
75
100


• P"= 5.3
C, C0-Ct-X X/N(
0.790
0.392
0.191
0.0039
0.004E
0.002E
0.0028



0.398
0.599
0.786
0.786
0.788
0.787



79.6
59.9
31.4
15.7
10.5
7.87


PH=
Cf C0-Ct=X X/to



























PH=
Cf C0-C{=X X/N(



























                                      23

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
            Acetone cyanohydrin
    N
    III
H   C   H
 I    I     l
c-c-c
 I    t     I
H  OH  H
                                           - H
FORMULA:
         MOL. WT.
                                                   85.11
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l




pH












ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm












      CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                    CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
           SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON

                     Cf. mg/l
        GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l




















C0. mg/l









(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Total Organic Carbon
REMARKS: Not adsorbed

-------
     COMPOUND:  Aretone cyanohydrin
o
a
at
 E
 o>
Q
UJ
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1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34












































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4



































































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1
                        RESIDUAL CONG (Cf),  mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
isn
200

PH= 3.01
Cf C0-C,=X X/M
11.4
n.o
17.2
13.4
16.2
20.5
13.0
10.6



















PH= 7.03
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10 2
9.4
9.2
in.?
14.4
l?,fi
9,8
9.0



















PH= 8.97
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
11 ft
10.2
10.0
8 6
9.0
fi.fi
ft R
9.4



















                                  25

-------
COMPOUND: Acet°Phenone

 STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
 MOL WT.
                                                         120.H
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
All data pooled
74
0.44
0.97








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
200
74
27
9.8








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                        Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, rng/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0-T
34



0.01
TOO
9,2


0.001
230
28
2.5

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


14
3.7
1.0

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Ultraviolet  Spectroscopv 244 nm


REMARKS:
                                    26

-------
1
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0
eo ,
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c i
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a °

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LOO
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf),  mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
25
50
100
200

• PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.30
9.80
9.50

6.58
4.15
1.82
0.50


0.50
0.80

3.72
6.15
8.48
9.80


200
160

149
123
85
49

• PH=7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
in.?n

9.10
8,35
6.33
3.65
1.52
0,36



1.10
1.85
3.87
6.55
8.68
9.84



220
185
154
131
87
49

A pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
in nn

9.25
8.45
fi.sn
3.48
1.30
0.3fi



1.25
?.ns
d ?n
7.02
9.20
in. 14



250
?05
IfiR
140
92
51

           27

-------
COMPOUND: Z-AcetylannnoTluorene
STRUCTURE:
H
i
H~ C-
1
H
FORMULA: 15 13

O
II
c-




H
1
M "t^^i^^Yr^i
LV-/J 	 ^^

MOL WT 222.28
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
7.1
318
0.12
0.94








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
318
240
180
140








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
nm

0.1
3.7



0.01
5.4
0.5


0.001
7.2
0.7
o nfi

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


3.1
0.42
0.06

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 270 nm

REMARKS:   OSHA regulated carcinogen
                                   28

-------
     COMPOUND:
    jn.nnn
               2-Acetvlami nof1uorene
Z
o
CQ
at
<
u

E
o>
CO
Of

O
O)

E
i,ooq
     inn
      10
   oibi.  2  3  4
                                           2   3
                                                            2   34567
                                                                  I96o
                         RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
7.5
10
15
25
35
50

• pH= 7.1
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.02
8.20
7.05
6.20
3.55
1.28
0.32
0.032


1.82
2.97
3.82
6.47
8.74
9.70
9.99


364
396
382
431
350
277
200

PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                    29

-------
COMPOUND:   Acridine orange

 STRUCTURE:
                                HCI
FORMULA:
          C17H19N3.HC1
 MOL WT.
            301.82
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
pH 3 and 7 pooled
180
0.29
0.97
9.0
210
0.38
0.99




ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
350
180
91
46
500
210
88
37




       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
9.9



0.01
21
1.9


0.001
42
4.2
0.38

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


5.6
1.1
0.2

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:Visible Spectroscopy 492 nm


REMARKS.
                                   30

-------
COMPOUND:    Acridine orange
1
7
6
5
4
§ '
00 2
oc
0
1
s •
S '
8 •
O
1 i
• .. 6
<' 4
2
1
in nn






1000








100



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10
p



















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$ i




















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1

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**

























&

























&

























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^
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^**
























*^
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.--^







































































































































































2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34 67891
1 01 i Q in 10°
RESIDUAL CO>IC. (Cf), mg/l IU

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
100
150
200


• PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.59
7.78
6.71
3.38
0.04
0.02
0.01



1.81
2.88
6.21
9.55
9.57
9.58



362
288
248.
96
64
48


• pH=7>0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.29
7.35
6f74
3.14
0.06
0,08
0.03



1.94
2.55
6.15
9.23
9.21
9.?fi



388
255
246
92
61
4fi


A pH= 9>0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
8.36
6.56
4.74
1.22
0.07
0.03
0.02



1.80
3.62
7.14
8.29
8.33
8.34



360
362
286
83
56
42


                            31

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
Acridine yellow
                               HCI
FORMULA:
                              MOL WT.  273.77
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1 0
0 1
0.01
pH
3.0
210
0.14
0.72
ph 7 and 9 pooled
230
0.12
0.88




ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
290
?in
l^n
110
300
?30
1RD
135




       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
                             GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
5.1



0.01
7.4
0.67


0.001
9.9
0.98
0.09

C0, rng/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


4.3
0.6
0.1

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 264 nm


REMARKS:
                                   32

-------
     COMPOUND:
      10,000
                   Acridine yellow
                                                    I 111
o
03
fi£

U

E
o>
00
Of.

O
0>

E
     1000
     10
   0.01
            3 4 5 6 7J9.
                   c?.91
                           Z   3  4  5 6 7 A 91
                       4 567 f6
RESIDUAL CONC (Cf),  mg/l
3  456 891

      100

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
15
25
35
50

• pH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.01
9.06
8.51
7.49
6.16
4.55
2.72
0.30


0.95
1.50
2.52
3.85
5.46
7.29
9.71


380
300
252
257
218
208
194

• pH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.54
8.67
8.17
7.08
5.06
2.84
0.83
0.11


0.87
1.37
2.46
4.48
6.70
8.71
9.43


348
274
246
299
268
248
188

A pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
8.82
7.97

6.25
4.61
2.60
1.01
0.14


0.85

2.57
4.21
6.22
7.81
8.68


340

257
281
249
223
173

                                    33

-------
 COMPOUND:   Acrolein

  STRUCTURE.
                         H2C=  CMC
                                         \
                                            H
 FORMULA:
           C3H40
 MOL. WT.  56-06
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
5.2
1.2
n.fiR
0.98








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
5.2
1.2
0.26
0.06








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
3,500.



0.01
17,000
1,500


0.00,1
76,800
7,600
690

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


860
380
170

 (a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

'ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Total Carbon
REMARKS.

-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON






















ro
O
«
O
o
o
\3
^J
CT>
CO
•~J
en
^4
00
00






o
o
o
-^
— 1
-xl
OJ
en
en
CTl
CO
en
Ol






en
O
0
O
<-D
en
00
eo
o
~vj
en
CTl
en






IT-
r0
o
o
r>o
rv>
4i
—^
-vl
10
ro
00
LO
3^






O
O
0
CO
o
oo
o
o
o
eo
o
o
CO






en
O
o
CO
-f^
i£>
00
en
en
o
^i
o






o
-f=>
o
eo
CO









CARBON
DOSE mg/l
n
•*«
r>
o
i
I
_n
~7i
x
X
\
5
r>
^%
o
o
n
^»
n
X
X
\
s
n
0
o
i
_r>
~7i
X
X
^
3


•o
z
II
en
[\D

•o
X
II


T>
X
II

fxj
.b.
	 J~~*
70
m
o
C ^
f-. e/i
crv
n -
os;
n
T*» *"
3
(Q
— _| OD
O <*
o -
— l-^f
o»
o«
o-
^~'











	 	





















































































































•





\


























\
s























































^


























s
Sj












o













1
It
A
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— 1
8


o
3
•o
O
C
z
- a






















Acrolein

-------
COMPOUND:  Acrylonitrile

 STRUCTURE:

                            H
FORMULA:
C3H3N
MOL. WT.
                                                     53.06
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.8
1.4
0.51
0.99








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
1.4
0.42
0.13
0.04








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
                                GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
2,200



0.01
7,700
700


0.001
25,000
2,500
230

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


710
240
80

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:   Total Carbon


REMARKS:
                                   36

-------
      (jg^t POUND:
Acrylonitrile
 O
 CD
 ee
  E
  o>
 CO
 at

 O
 V)

 O
 O)

 E





X
   o







10.








1.







0.1













































































































































.^























x1
























^
























X






















|x























*•























f





















|B
^^
f*r





















.4
X^






















P^>























^1
_
1














































^

















1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567
1 1. 10.
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l







«




























































































66. 2 3 4


















































6 8
0

























00

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1,000
?,noo
5,000
10,000
20,000



• PH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
48.70
40.85
31.77
17.86
8.68
2.98




7.85
1K.Q3
30.84
40.02
45.72




7.85
ft 47
6.17
4.00
2.29



pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/to



























PH=
Cf C0-C|=X X/M



























                                        37

-------
COMPOUND.

 STRUCTURE:
                  Adenine
                                      N
FORMULA.
 MOL. WT.   135.13
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1 0
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0
38
0.38
0.97
pH 7 and 3 pooled
71
0.38
0.96




ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
91
3ft
16
6.5
170
71
30
12




       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
30



0.01
80
7.3


0.001
190
19
1.7

CQ, mg/l
1
n
0
.0
.1
.01


14
3.
0.

4
8

fa) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Ultraviolet Spectroscopy  261 nm


REMARKS:
                                   38

-------
      COMPOUND:
       innn
                         Adenine
 O
 to
 u.
 <
 u

  E
  o»
 oe.
 O
  o»
  E


>*
X
J
<
1
i
i
\
»
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
II
7
6
5
4
3
2
1







100






10





1












































































^



















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*


















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^

















4*.
X

-*
















1 f


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11 1
-r^
^















•


^^-

















^^




















.x
>




















xl'
«'l












2 34567891 2 34567891 2 6
0.01 0.1 1.0
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
I 1 1






„
flU^
r 	 1












9 2
10































































3 4 5










































671 1
100

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200

• PH=3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/to
9.88
9.45
8.94
7.92
5.93
3.98
1.97
1.50


0.43
0.94
1.96
3.95
5.90
7.91
8.38


86
94
78-
79
59
53
42

• P»= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
in, nr
9.00
8.42
fi 41
?,
-------
COMPOUND:  Adlplc acid


 STRUCTURE:
                                  o             o
                                   II             II
                                  C-(CH  )-C-OH
FORMULA:
 MOL. WT.  146.14
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0
20
0.47
0.60








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
59
20
6.9
2.4








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED

                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON

                      Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
130



0.01
430
39


0.001
1300
130
12

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0 01


50
15
4.2

 (a) Carbon doses in mg/l at      pH. 3



 ANALYTICAL METHOD:Total Organic Carbon
REMARKS:

-------
     COMPOUND:
Adipic  Acid
O
eo
 E
 o>
O
tu
CO


O

O
O)

E
innn





100








10.






































































































































1 2 3 4 5 6 7 «














•























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s*
















































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	 4.
ml^
^*




















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r*
V





















^
























X












































































































































































































































































191 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891
.0 10. 100. 1000
                         RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
10
25
50
100
150
200


• PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
26.4
25.2
24.4
22.7
18.3
16.7
12.2



1.20
2.00
3.70
8.10
9.70
14.2



120
80
74
81
64.7
71


PH=7.00
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
26.4
27.2
25.2
24.0
25.2
?1.6
23.6




















PH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
26
24
25.6
24.8
24.4
?4.4
22.8




















                                   k\

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
                Aldrin
FORMULA:   C12HSC16
 MOL. WT.
365.0
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
5.3
651
0.92
0.97








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
651
79
9.5
1.2








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
11



0.01
no
9.7


0.001
880
88
8.0

Co-
1
0
0
mg/l
.0
.1
.01


1
1
1
.5
.3
.1

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:    Solvent extraction  -  G.C.


REMARKS:
                                    1*2

-------
      •CJOMPOUND:
                         Aldrin
i
E
5
4
3
2
1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
o.t







10








1.0






0.1











































































































































































































































^






















V






















^














































X






















X






















y
m





















i/
•











































^
p












ioooi2 3 4 5b7.5yoi 2 3 4 567Ooi 2 J ' SS7fl
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l







X
J
^






































































































































91. 2 34 6 ' ,|
.01 0.
























'
o
CO
at
 E
 o>
O
LU
£0


O






o>

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5
7.5
10
12.5
15

• PH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
0.023
0.011
0.0061
0.0042
0.0035
0.0018
0.0014
0.0012


0.012
Oj0169
0.018?
0.0195
0.0212
0.0216
0.0218


12.0
6.76
3.76
2.60
2.12
1.73
1.45

PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M




























-------
COMPOUND:   4-Aminobiphenyl

 STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
             C12H11N
 MOL WT.   169.12
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
7.2
200
0.26
0.96








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
360
200
no
61








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
8.2



0.01
16
1.5


0.001
30
3.0
0.3

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


5.1
1.0
0.2

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:      Ultraviolet  Spectroscopy 273 nm
REMARKS:    OSHA regulated carcinogen

-------
o
co
c*
 E
 o»
o
ui
CO


O

o
o»

E
COMI
10. OC







l.OOC








100






10
POUND:
0




















.--























~^



























4-Aminobiohenvl




















-*•























*• *






















—
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Ik












































—






















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p-























tf *
























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— •























•























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1
u*







1 nm i 3456J8JJ 2 34567891 2 3456
•UUI 0.01 o.l















1
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—






















••
•






















-






















1=























. •
1-








891 2 456781
1.0 10
                          RESIDUAL CONC (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
n
5
10
25
37.5
50
75
100
150
200
• pH= 7.2
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9,80
8.30
6.50
4.20
0.70
0.46
0.115
0.05
0.017
0.010

1.50
3.30
5. fin
9.10
9.34
9.69
9.75
9 783

300
33f)
224
243
187
129
98
65
49
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M


















-








PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M




























-------
COMPOUND: "netnuie
STRUCTURE:
H
I
H-C-
H
CinH190
FORMULA: '0 12

H H
I 1
C=» P u
\v.



H
i
)>O-C - H
-/ I
H
MOL WT 148
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. cng/l
10
1 n
0.1
0.01
PH
All data pooled
300
0.42
0.99








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
780
:inn
no
43








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
8.0



0.01
23
2.1


0.001
61
6.1
0.55

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


3.4
0.9
0.2

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 256  nm


REMARKS:
                                   1*6

-------
            UNO:   Anethole
I
e
5
4
3
2
I
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
8
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2 34567891 2 34567891 2 3456791 2 3456781
n n i in in \w
" U-i RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l IU
O
co


u

E
O)

^>,

O
ui
co

O

O
0)
E

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5.0
in
25
50
100

• PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
8.60

6.78
5.47
3.37
0.90
0.28




1.82
3.13
5.23
7.70
8.32




728
626
523
308
166


• PH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
8.55
7.75
7.17
5.55
3.70
0.95
0.23
0.05


0.80
1.38
3.00
4r85
7.60
8.32
8.50


800
552
600
485
304
166
85

A pH= g>0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
8.23
7.45
6.78
5.25
3.50
1.03
0.25



0.78
1.45
2.98
4.73
7.20
7.98



780
580
596
473
288
160



-------
COMPOUND:   0-Anisidine

 STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
           CyHgNO
 MOL. WT.   123.15
FREUNOLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
in
i n
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0
20
0.41
0.99
pH 7 and 9 pooled
50
0.34
0.99




ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
52

7.8
3.0
110
50
23
10




       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                      Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
39



0.01
95
8.6


0.001
210
21
1.9

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


20
4.4
1.0

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 232 nm
REMARKS.

-------
0-Anisidine
9 ADSORBED / gm CARBON
— * rv w te is* «>-*ja»i0-~* rsj u» •* (^» o>vjo»to— >
p
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1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 3456789 2 345678
0.01 0.1 	 J.O 10. 100
   RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf),  mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
pH 7
pH 3 pH 9
0 0
10 5
25 10
50 25
100 50
150 100
200 150
400 200
• PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/Ni

9.85

8.60
7.70
5.55
4.25
3.23
1.30



1.25
2.15
4.30
5.60
6.62
8.55



50
43
43
37
33
22
• PH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M

9.60

8,65
7.15
4.92
2.68
1.32
0.65



0.95
?.45
4.68
2.92
8.28
8.95



95
98
93
69
55
45
A pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M

9.55
9.00
8.50

4.85
2.75 •
1.25
0.75


0.55
1.05

4.70
6.80
8.30
8.80


no
105

94
68
55
44

-------
COMPOUND.

 STRUCTURE:
               Anthracene
FORMULA:
            C14H10
 MOL. WT.
178.24
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
o.m
0.001
pH
5.3
376
0.70
0.99








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
376
75
15
2.9








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
             SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                        Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
12



0.01
67
6.1


0.001
340
34
3.1

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


2.7
1.3
0.7

 (a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

 ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Solvent Extraction  - G.C.


 REMARKS.
                                    50

-------
1
9
1
7
6
5
4
5 '
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I 34 6789 2 34567831
1 0.01 0.1
>NC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0 f
0.2 (
0.5 (
1 (
5 (
7.5 (
10 (


• pH= 5.3
C, C0-Cf=X X/to
i.nnR?i
.00397
1.00222
.00118
1.00027
1.00011
1.00009



0.00124
0.00299
0.00403
0.00494
0.00510
0.00512



6.20
5.98
4.03
0.988
0.680
0.512


PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/to



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/tA



























51

-------
COMPOUND.

 STRUCTURE:
                  Benzene
FORMULA:
 MOL WT.
78.12
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10.0
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
5.3
1.0
1.6
0.97








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
40
1.0
0.03
0.0007








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
35.000



0.01
>100.000
>100,000


0.001
>100.000
>100,000
> 1,00. 000

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


980
4,000
14,000

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:   Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 254.6  nm.
REMARKS:

-------
         X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
o -





























































































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-------
COMPOUND-   Benzidine  dihydrochloride

 STRUCTURE:
                       HCI
HCI
FORMULA:
   MOL. WT.   257.16
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0
110
0.35
0.97
pH 7 and 9 pooled
220
0.37
0.97




ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
250
no
51
23
520
220
97
42




       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
  GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
nm

n i
9.4



0.01
24
2.2


0.001
58
5.7
0-52

CQ. mg/l
1.
0.
0.
0
1
01


4.
1.
0.
5
0
2

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 277 nm
REMARKS:   OSHA  regulated carcinogen,

-------
o
CD
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 a
CO
oc

O
VI
a
 at
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2 34567891 2 34567891 2 3457
01 01 '
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l











1 f^'
t
5
1

f


















































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10






















5












































678
100

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200

• pH=3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.99
8.73
7.92
5.3fi
1.80
0.34
0.23
0.16


1.26
2.07
4.fi3
8.19
9.65
9.76
9.83


252
207
185
164
97
65
49

• pH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.78
7.33
5.83
P.Rfi
0.25
0.08
0.05
0.03


2.45
3.95
7.22
9.53
9.70
9.73
9.75


490
395
289
191
97
65
49

A pH=9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.78
7.46
5.90
2.54
0.23
0.08
0.06



2 32
3.88
7.24
9.55
9.70
9.72



464
388
290
191
P7
65


                                               55

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
              Renznic acid
                                             -OH
FORMULA:
             C7Hfi°?
                                            MOL WT    122.12
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
I/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
3.0
51
0.42
n.99
7.0
0.76
1.8
0.91
9.0
0.0008
4.3
0.86
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, rng/gm
130
51
19
7.3
54
0.76
0.01
0.0002
21
0.0008

-
       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
                                           GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. rng/l
1.0
n i
0.01

0.1
85,000



0.01
> 100, 000
> inn. ooo


0.001
> 100, 000
> 100.000
> 100, 000

CQ. rng/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


1,300
9,300
67,000

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Ultraviolet Spectroscopy  223 run

REMARKS:

-------
     C^POUND:
                   Benzole acid
Z
O
OQ

u
E
CO
oc
O
      100
.,
     10
     1.0
            3  4 567891
                                5 67891
                                            3  4  5 67891
                                                          234 56789
                   0.1              1.0               10
                        RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf),  mg/l
                                                                   100

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200

• P»= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.45
9.79
9.19
7.58
4.85
2.78
1.47
0.92


0.66
1.26
2.87
5.60
7.67
8.98
9.53


132
126
115
112
77
60
48

•PH=7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.45
10.10
9.92
9.46
8.60
7.36
6.51



0.35
0.52
0.99
1.85
3.09
3.94



70
53
40
37
31
2fi


* »H= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
in 46
10.30
10.19
9.95
9.78
9.20
8.R3 •
8.17


0.16
0.27
0.51
0.68
1.26
1 fil
2.29


32
27
20
14
12
11
11

                                  57

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
3,4-Benzofluoranthene (Benzo(b)fluoranthene)
FORMULA:
C?0H1?
MOL. WT.
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
n.m
0.001
pH
7.0
57.0
0.37
0.94








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
57
24
in
4.3








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                        Cf, mg/l
                           GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
n m

0.1
37



0.01
95
8.7


0.001
230
22
2.0

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


18
4.2
1.0

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:    Fluorescence: excitation 298  nm; emission 440 nm.
REMARKS:   Modified  protocol used for isotherm due  to  limited solubility.

-------
1
I
6
5
4
I '
£ 2
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COMPOUND:





10







1.0








0.1





































































3,4-Benzofluoranthene (Benzo(b)fluoranthene)
















































































































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booi 2 3 4 d.56661! 2 3 4 d.b66V 2 3 4 5 b'.SS1! 2 3 6d.'
























cn
RESIDUAL CONG (Cf), mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0.14
0.14
0.29
0.29
0.43
0.43
0.72
0.81


C0 x 103
1.20
1.00
1.18
1.29
i nn
1.00
1.20
1.21


Cf x 103
0.583
0.483
0.37?
n d?n
n i^n
n.17?
0.064
n nan


C0-Cf=X
n nnnfii7
0.000517
n.nnnRna
0.000807
n.nonaso
n.nnnspft
0.001136
n nnn?n


X/M
4.41
3 fiQ
? 7Q
?.7fl
1.98
1 Q?
1.58
1.44


           59

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
                 Benzo(k)f1uoranthene
FORMULA:
                 C20H12
 MOL. WT.
               252.32
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
Vn
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
7.1
181
0.57
0.98








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
180
48
13
3.5








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
18



0.01
76
6.7


0.001
280
28
2.6

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


5.5
2.1
0.8

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:   Fluorescence;  excitation 302 nm; emission 415 nm.

REMARKS-    Modified protocol used for isotherm due to limited  solubility.
                                   60

-------
        MPOUND:
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
o
oo
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o
ui
ao


O

Q
O)

E
1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
0.






1.0








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oooorfi 3 4 b.Wdoi 2 3 4 56.7dd6i 2 3 4 5(5.o'di 2 3 4








































































M.!
























di
                          RESIDUAL  CONC (Cf),  mg/l
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0.14
0.15
0.28
0.29
0.42
0.74
0.75
1.49


C0 x TO3
0.397
0.377
0.471
0.358
0.391
n.34Q
0.337
n.3fiR


Cf x TO3
0.194
0.182
0.164
0.095
0.065
n.n?i
0.021
n m i


C0-Cf=X
0.000203
0.000195
0.000307
0.000263
n.nnn.i2fi
n nnm?p
0.000316
n nnnw


X/M
1.45
1.30
1.10
0.91
0.78.
n 44
0.42
n .?4


                                     61

-------
COMPOUND:

  STRUCTURE:
               Benzo(ghi)perylene
 FORMULA:   22 1
  MOL. WT.
276.34
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
n.m
0.001
pH
7.0
10.7
0.37
0.92








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
10.7
4.6
2.0
0.85








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
200



0.01
510
46


0.001
1200
120
11

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


93
22
5.0

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD-   fluorescence:  excitation  293 nm; emission 418 nm.

REMARKS:   Modified protocol used for isotherm  due to limited solubility
                                    62

-------
      COMPOUND
Benzo(gh1)pery1t-ne
 O
 co
  E
  o>
 O
 iu
 GO

 O

 O


 o>
 E


^
X







1.0








0,1







0.01


































































^:
























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,-*
























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1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 345678









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1















































































































































































3 45678 1
  0.000001       0.00001            0.0001             0 001

                            RESIDUAL CONC.  (Cf),  mg/l '
                                                   0.01
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0.141
0.143
0.146
0.156
0.308
0.303
0.448
0.454
*x!03

Co*
0.353
0.157
0.306
0.113
0.120
0.076
0.096
0.087

,
Cf*
0.267
0.090-
0.246
0.071
0.039
0.013
0.016
0.015


C0-Cf=X *
0.086
0.067
0.060
0.042
0.081
0.063
0.080
0.072


X/ff
0.610
0.469
0.411
0.269
0.263
0.208
0.179
0.158


                                      63

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
Benzo(a)pyrene
FORMULA.
                             MOL. WT.
                                                        252.30
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
7.1
33.6
0.44
0.90








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
34
12
4.5
1.6








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
                            GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
n.m

0.1
74



0.01
L. 220
20


0.001
621
62
5.6

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


29
8.3
2.2

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:   Fluorescence:   excitation 298 nm;  emission 405 nm.

REMARKS:   Modified  protocol  used for  isotherm due to limited  solubility.

-------
O
CD
 E
 o»
O
UJ
CO
C*

O
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COMPOUND:
10






1.0








0.1







0.01







































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Benzo(a)ovrene









































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 0.000001
0.00001            0.0001             °'001
           RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf),  mg/l
0,01
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
1.2
1.2
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.0




C0 x 103
1.60
1.38
1.40
2.05
1.47
1.35




Cf x 103
0.32
0.20
0.017
0.080
0.070
0.030




C0-Cf=X
0.00128
0.00118
0.00138
0.00197
0.00140
0.0013?




X/M
1.067
0.983
0.354
0.505
0,350
0.330





-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
Benzothiazole
                           6rf
         C7HCNS
FORMULA:  7 b
                          MOL. WT.
                                   135,19
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
i _n
n.i
0.01
pH
All data pooled
120
0.27
0.96








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
230
120
65
35








      CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                    CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
           SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON

                     Cf. mg/l
                         GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
14
•


0.01
28
2.5


0.001
52
5.2
0.47

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


8.2
1.5
0.3

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.


ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 251 nm


REMARKS.
                               66

-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON




























ro
o
o

o
0
CO
en
00


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00
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10
00
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cn
cn
o
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en
10
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00


cn
cn
o
o

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00
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ro
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ro
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to
o



-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
                 a-BHC
FORMULA.
 MOL.  WT.
              290.83
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.4
303
0.43
0.96








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
303
112
41
15








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
8.0



0.01
24
2.2


0.001
64
6.4
0.6

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


3.3
0.9
0.2

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:   Solvent Extraction - G.C.

REMARKS:   Isotherm measured using  a mixture containing 71% alpha
            isomer and 29% beta isomer.
                                   68

-------
     COMPOUND:
    ,1000
                     a-BHC
O
to
Of
<
u

E
O>
CO
Of.

O
a
E







100







10
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                        RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l

0
1.0
2.5
5.0
7.5
10
15
20
25
50
» PH= 5.4
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
x 103
289
167
75.3
10.1
5.28
3.97
1.83
0.99
0.33
0.25


0.122
0.214
0.279
0.284
0.285
0.287
0.288
0.288
0.288


122
85.5
55.8
37.8
28.5
19.1
14.4
11.5
5.8
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                  69

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
                 3-BHC
FORMULA:      C6H6C16
 MOL. WT.
              290.83
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.4
220
0.49
0.96








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
220
71
23
7.5








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
13



0.01
43
3.9


0.001
130
13
1.2

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


4.5
1.4
0.4

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Solvent Extraction  - G. C.

REMARKS:    Isotherm measured using a  mixture containing 29% beta
             isomer  and 71% alpha isomer.
                                    70

-------
 COMPOUND:
.1000
                 3-BHC
1



4
z ,
0
CO ,
Of. *
u
El
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1.0
                    RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l

0
1.0
2.5
5.0
7.5
10
25
50
• PH= 54
Cf C0-Cf=X X/N(
x 103
104
49.6
30.4
7.27
1.56
1.31
0.22
0.20


0.0544
0.0736
0.0967
0.1024
0.1027
0.1038
0.1038


54.4
29.4
19.3
13.7
10.3
4.15
2.08
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/to



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                              71

-------
COMPOUND:



 STRUCTURE:
                Y-BHC  (Lindane)
                                           Cl
                                        H
FORMULA:
CCH,C1,
 b b	D_
MOL. WT.
290.83
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
256
0.49
0.99








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, rng/gm
256
83
27
8.8








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED

                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON


                       Cf, mg/l
                            GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
11



0.01
40
3.4


0.001
115
11
1.0

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


3.9
1.2
0.4

 (a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.



 ANALYTICAL METHOD:    Solvent  extraction - G.  C.




 REMARKS:
                                   72

-------
         X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
























en
o
o
0
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n
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r
c
Ca
3
fD
••*_

-------
COMPOUND:

  STRUCTURE:
                Bromoform
                                   Br
                             Br—C —Br
                                    H
FORMULA:
               CHBr3
 MOL WT.   252.75
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01 1
0.001
PH

19.6
0.52
0.98








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
19.6
5.9
1.8
0.52








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
150



0.01
560
51


0.001
1,900
190
17

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


51
17
5.7

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:    6. C.  Purge  and  Trap
REMARKS.

-------
          POUND:
                     Bromoform
 o
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X
6
c
4
Z 3
D ,
tf
l\
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7891 2 34567891 2 345678
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1
I
                         RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
38
96
192
289
385
577


• PH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
1.000
0.515
0.175
0.068
0.0303
0.0172
0.0133



0.485
0.825
0.932
0.970
0.983
0.987



12.6
8.58
4.85
3.36
2.56
1.71


PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                  75

-------
COMPOUND:
 STRUCTURE:
4-Bromophen.yl phenyl ether
                                          -Br
FORMULA.
                Ci2HgOCl
                            MOL. WT.
                                        249.11
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
144
0.68
0.91








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
144
30
6.2
1.3








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
                          GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
30



0.01
160
14


0.001
770
76
6.9

Co, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


7.0
3.3
1.6

 (a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
 ANALYTICAL METHOD:   Ultraviolet Spectroscopy  229.5 nm.
REMARKS:

-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON

— 1
o
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ro
10
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JND- 4-Bromophenyl phenvl ether

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
             5-Bromouracil
                                  H
                                   H
                                  O
            C H N 0Br
FORMULA:
                                             MOL WT
                                                        190.99
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
i n
n i
n.m
pH
pH 3 and 7 pooled
44
0.47
0.95
9.0
?1
0.56
0.86




ADSORPTION CAPACITY, tng/gm
130
44
15
R.I
78
21
5.8
1.6




       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON

                       Cf, mg/l
                                           GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
60



0.01
200
18


0.001
580
58
5.2

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


23
6.6
2.0

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.


ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 279 nm



REMARKS:
                                    78

-------
            X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON











































































ro
<=>
o
-•
o
ro
CO
CO
en




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O
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en
ro
ro
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10

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CO

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^a
-pa




CO
ID
en
eo


-Pa
en
— '



^o
ro
-v,
o
^


ro
CO
ro

en
en

ro
en
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ro
^
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en



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o
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-vj
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en

ro
bo
o


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ro
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ro
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-1
en
en

en
en

.
o
CO
eo
vo
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	 i
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IQ
00
en
en

— •
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— i
p^
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CO
tD
"-1


o
lo
CO

.0
CO

o

vo
CO
CO








1C
tD
en









to
CO









on
t/» ^
mS
3 O
\

n

n
o
i
n
n
x

x

?
n


n
o
n
n
X

x

5
o


n
0

£
n
x
X
5






•o
X
II

CO
o







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.
o






^

Tl
X
II
10
*
o

  o

  o -'
   '
n -
n


"n
3

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
Butyl amine
FORMULA:





C-.H^N
4 11
H
1
H-C-
1
H


H
I
C
i
H


H
I
-C
i
H


H
i
-C
i
H


H
i
-N
i
H

/»
                             MOL. WT.   73.14
FREUNOLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l




pH












ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm












       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
                            GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l




















C0, mg/l









 (a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

 ANALYTICAL METHOD:    Total Organic  Carbon

REMARKS:   Not adsorbed
                                   80

-------
COMPOUND
              Butyl amine
1
i
(
1
1
Z 3
O
80 2
ee. i
<
u
i I
\ «
s :
S •
g '
a
<
? '
fc f
- 6
5 5
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X
3
2
1










































































































































































































































































































































2 3456789 2 34567891 2 3456






















91













































4






















5






















6 7«






















1
                   RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200

pH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
18.3
16.8
17.7
16.1
15.8
16.4
17.7
15.5



















pH=7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
15,8
17.4
15.5
19.8
18.6
16.1
15.5
16.1



















pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
18.9
15.2
16.8
17.7
16.8
17.1
14.9
14.6




















-------
COMPOUND:



 STRUCTURE.
Butyl benzyl phthalate
                                   o
                                   II
                                   u

                                   O
FORMULA:   19 20 4
                               MOL WT.   312.36
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0 01
0.001
PH
5.3
1520
1.26
0.36








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
1520
84
4 6
0.3








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED

                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON


                       Cf, mg/l
                             GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
11



0.01
220
20


0.001
4,000
390
36

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


0.7
1.2
2.2

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.



ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Solvent Extraction - G.C.




REMARKS.
                                    82

-------
     COMPOUND: Butyl benzyl  phthalate
    . 1.000
(
1
t
t
1
7
6
5
4
3
Z
1
9
7
6
5
4
1
2
1







100






10
— 	




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/
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/



























































1 2 3456789! 2 34567891 2 3456789
o.ooi o.oi qj i o
RESIDUAL C6NC. (Cf), mg/(































































3 4










































678
10
Z
o
CO
 E
 o>
CO
oe.

O
O)

E

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5
7.5
20
30
40

• PH=5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
0.44
0.27
0.088
0.057
0.046
0.040
0.037
0.026


0.170
0.352
0.383
0.394
0.400
0.403
0.414


170
141
76.6
52.5
20.0
13.4
10.4

pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                  83

-------
COMPOUND.

 STRUCTURE.
             N-Butyl phthalate
FORMULA:
            C16H22°4
C-0-CH
                                             49
                                  O
           MOL. WT.
                    278.35
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0
220
0.45
0.99








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
610
2ZO
77
28








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
         GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
12



0.01
37
3.3


0.001
100
10
0.94

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


4.7
1.3
0.4

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 225 nm
REMARKS:

-------
                                                 X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
CO
vn












































CO
o
o
£
N3
uO






K>
O
o
-vj
OJ
•»
2






o
_.
VD
un
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rv
CO
co
S
co
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O
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en








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n
o
1
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x
X
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n
o
Ti
X
X
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n
o
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X
X
\



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X
II
CO
O

•o
X
II


•o
X
II

0-
IS*
Ui
TO
m ~
5 ~
C „.
^» «-"
O -
or-
Zo-
n
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3 "
ID

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CTI


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o





L
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1
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\
•




























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o
o
o




























































































































































































a
n


8
$
o
c
z
• a























1
CO
T3
r+
3"
O>
Q>
fD

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
Carbon  tetrachloride
                                  Cl
                            Cl —C—Cl

                                   Cl
FORMULA:
                CC14
                             MOL. WT.
                                        153.82
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
5.3
11.1
0.83
0.99








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
11
1.6
0.24
0.04








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
                           GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
550



0.01
4100
370


0.001
28,000
2,800
250

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


90
61
42

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:    G. C.  Purge and  Trap


REMARKS.
                                   86

-------
     COMPOUND
      100
                      Carbon tetrachloride
O
CQ
oc
 E
 o>
CD
at

O
O)

E
1
7
6
5
4
3
2
I
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ft
7
6
5
4
3
2
1







10.0








1.0







0.1




































































































-4













































y
>
S




















•
x
/





















/
/•






















/I























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,/
























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/
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2
>














o.boi 2 3 4 567°d.Di 2 3 4 567o!'i 2 3 4 567i








•













































































































































91 2 345678
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1
3
                         RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
288
577
1154
1538
2692



• PH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
1.000
J.177
5.104
).049
).027
[).0170




0.823
0.896
0.951
0.973
0.983




2.85
1.55
0.824
D.632
D.365



pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                   87

-------
COMPOUND:


 STRUCTURE:
               Chlorobenzene
FORMULA:
           C.H.Cl
            0 0
 MOL. WT.   112.56
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
7.4
91
0.99
0.98








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
890
91
9.3
0.95








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED

                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON

                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
92



0.01
970
88


0.001.
9,400
930
84

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


11
11
11

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.


ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 209  run




REMARKS:
                                   88

-------
            UNO:   Chlorobenzene
O
CD
 E
 o>
CO
at.

O
o»
E
i
6
5
4
3
2
I
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Q
8
6
5
4
3
2







1000








100






10





























































































































































































^






















/






















f





















- -j
^





















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f
1




















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y






















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7
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f
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nA-i 2 34567,894 2 34567891 2 3456789 2 34 6V
























)W
                         RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf),  mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200

• pH= 7.4
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
25.9
17.4
13.13
10.16
3.61
2.49
2.06
1.40


8.50
12.77
15.74
22.29
23.41
23.84
24.5


1700
1277
630
446
234
159
123

PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                  89

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
               Chlordane
                              Cl
FORMULA:
           C10H6C18
 MOL. WT.    409.80
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
5.3
245
0.38
0.95








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
245
102
43
18








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                        Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
8.8



0.01
23
?.l


0.001
56
f5.fi
0.5

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


4.1
1.0
0.2

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:So1vent Extraction  - G.C,


REMARKS:
                                    90

-------
o
co
ee
<
u

 E
 o>
eo
oe.

O
 O)

 E
CP$




,._


100






10





1.0
JpUND:














.•*•




















^




















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I






Chlordane















^•*
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if











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1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 3456789 2 34
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RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l












































678 1
1.0

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.0
3.n
4.0
5.0
?A°
10
12
17.5
-20
• PH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/to
0.219
0.132
0.061
n.n?fi
0.0071
0.0032
0.0029
0.0021
0,0016
0.0006
&<0005

0.087
0.158
0.193
0.212
0.216
Q.216
0.217
0.217
0.218
0.218

87.0
79.0
fi4..3
53.0
43.2
30.9
21.7
18,1
12.5
in Q
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M











!.















                                                   91

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
                Chloroethane
                                H

                          H —C
H
                                H    H
FORMULA;
               C2R5C1
      MOl WT
                 64'52
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

pH
5.3
0.59
0.95
1.0








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/grn
0.59
0.07
0.007









       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
     GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
14,000



0.01
> 100,000
12,000


0.001
> 100, 000
> 100,000
11.000

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


1700
1400
1400

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:    G.  C.  Purge and  Trap


REMARKS:
                                   92

-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON




































*
en
GO
00
0
I\3
us
0
IO
CO
o
o
00
0
•^J






10
a\
en
o
-i^
o







CO
CO
-fc.
o>
o
co
o
-o
^i
LO
o
ID
Ln






r^o
cr>
vo
rv>
o
^
O
o
O
en
CT)
o
O
•
r\3
en






O
-
o
O)









CARBON
DOSE mg/l

r»
n
o
1
_r>
"7i
x
X
•v^
3
o
•*«
o
o
_n
Ti
X
X
•^x
3
n
^
r»
o
i
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X
X
\
3




•o
X
II
en
CO

t>
X
II


•o
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II

1-j 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,8 1 , 2 3 1 5 (
RESIDUAL
r» -
0 d
Pb~
"n „
ft^
3 "
ID
\ „
9i
-J
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0±
b
IS*
Ul
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o
o

















































































































































































\

























o
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\
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v
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— '<
o<
b;
i
(

••






























roMPOiiwn. Chloroethane

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
 Bis(2-ch1oroethoxy)methane
                        H
                 H
                 I
H
H
 I
H
 I
FORMULA:
        ci-c  -c-o -c - o - c  -c-ci
             II        I          II
            H    H       H        H     H
C5H10°2C12	    MOI  WT   173.1
 MOL. WT.
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10.0
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
5.8
11
0.65
0.91








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
50
11 ^
2.6
0.6








      CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                   CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
           SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                    Cf, mg/l
                         GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
GO- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
350



0.01
1,700
160


0.001
7 snn
770
70

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


ftfi
38
17

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Total Carbon
REMARKS:

-------
             X/M,  mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON

CO
00
CO
o
00
o


cn
ro
cn
"^
CO
«^i
ro

















00
o
— i
^D


cn
ro
OO
00
00
r^
0

















^D
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O
^1


-ps.
OO
co
O
cn
ro
— '

















cn
CO
O
O
o
— '

£
CO
CT>
ro
O
CTi

















cn

'co
O


to
cn

cn
ro
	 ,
cn

















cn
co
ro
bo
cn

±
cn
ro
'ro
cn
ro

















VO

CO
ro
— i
— '

ro
ro
ro
Cr>
— i

Cn

















vo
Cn

±
— i
— '

CO
ro
cn
co

-pa

















O

cn
CO
•vj























o
3»
3 O
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n


n
0
1

X
X

^
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n
0
'
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ii
X
X
£
n
o
i
n
ii
X
X







T»
X
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CO




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X
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X
II


70
m
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O
C
>
i—

n

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3
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CO
ffj
cn
OB
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k





























s
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s
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^
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§
(

-











-













rr>MPOimn- Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane

-------
COMPOUND:
STRUCTURE:


FORMULA. 4H
Bis(2-chloroethvl)etl-
H H
Cl — C — C-
H H
8OC12
er
H
-O — C
H


H
i
— C — Cl
1
1
H
MOL WT 143.02
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
in n
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH

0.086
1.84
0.89








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
6 0
0.086
0.001
0.00002








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
>100,000



0.01
>100tOOO
>100,000


0.001
>100,000
>100,000
>100,000

C0, mg/l
i n
0.1
0.01


11 finn
100,000
>100,000

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:   Total Carbon


REMARKS:
                                   96

-------
     COMPOUND:
Bis(2-ch1oroethy1)ether
z
O
CO
 E
 O)
CO
Of

O
CO
O
o>
E


fi
5
4
}

i
{
7
£
5
n

?
i
9
II
7
f
s
4
1
?
]
0.







100







10.





0.1
2
1






















3






















4






















5






















6 7






















991 2
1.0






















3






















4






















C






















6






















7 8 <
10















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/ 	





1 2













y
/







3







	
	 1
d
J

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4







•
-P
4
V












5







,
J














6






/
/














7 8
10(





f
f















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3






















3






















4






















5





















, I























000
                          RESIDUAL CONC (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
9.12
22. 79
45.58
68.37
91.16
113.95
137.11
182.32
274.22
914.08
• PH= 5.3
Cf C0-C,=X X/M
50.26
48.68
47.73
46.62
45.36
42.67
41.56
39.67
37.29
33.97
23.54

1.58
?.R3
3.64
4.90
7.59
8.70
10.59
12.97
16.29
26.72

173
111
79.9
71.7
83.3
76.4
77.2
71.1
59.4
29.2
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                    97

-------
STRUCTURE:
a
H-


Cl
i
i
-C-
1
i
H

H
|
-C-
i
H

H
i
-0— C zz


H
i
1
c-



-H

FORMULA: C4H7OC1
 MOL. WT.  106.55
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K •
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10.0
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
5.4
3.9
0.80
0.94








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
25
3.9
n.fi
0.1








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                        Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
1500



0.01
10,000
920


0.001
64,000
6,400
580

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


260
170
100

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:   Total  Carbon


REMARKS:
                                     98

-------
            X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
  o -
•pi
-O
3">
O
^
DO

oo
0
VJ
en

en
ro
o














co
00
co
o
ro
00

co
o
en
en

-•j
to
00














00
^xj
o
ro
00

CO
O
ro
en

	 i
o
en
co













_.
•^

f
ro

ro
00
	 i
ro

	 i
*»
en
00













-pi
CO
o
en
ro
-Pi

ro
en
00
o

	 ,
00
•vj
ro













en


0
O
10
ro
ro
to
en

ro

_j
'•**













4*
*^j

ro
0
0
•Pi
	 ,
CO
o
o

ro

ro
en













to


ro
o
CO
en
	 ,
ro
en
to

en
en
en
o













o


co
CO
0























§2
<" 3D
D>
3 O
\
n
••*«

n
o
1
n
it
x

X
"*••»
5
_r>
n
0
n
it
X
X
\
n
o
i
r»
u
X
X
•^







•Q




CO



TJ
1.
II





TJ
X
II


7
RESIDUAL C
n
3
10
l»i
t/i
9i
	 . OD
to
O
ro
en
CT»
•-J
OB
A
•sl
OB
0 ~
O
CO-
CD»
l— f
CD






































































































\































s
































•^























O







i, _
\

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^1
	 JS






























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^ 	
































\
































\































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s
































^































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O
o

















s













































































































































































































— '<
1
(

-




























COMPOUND- 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
                Chloroform
                                  Cl

                             Cl—C—H

                                  Cl
FORMULA:
CHC13
MOL. WT.
                                                         119.38
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
2.6
0.73
0.98








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
2.6
0.48
0.09
0.02








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
                           GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
1900



0.01
11,000
1,000


0.001
50,000
6,000
540

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


4,300
210
111

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  G. C.  Purge and Trap


REMARKS:
                                   100

-------
     COMPOUND:
Chloroform
O
80
Of
 E
 o>
CO
at
O
0»

E
1
t
6
5
4
i
2
1
S
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
?
(







1.0







0.1





0.01







































































































- - j^. 	





















'




















K





















*



















4. _

















U.S

/
*' •

















T4-




















PK





















*




















|
'




































1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34 8
0.001 0.01 0.1 1
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l






'

















































































\ 345
.0


































































678 1
10

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
96
192
385
577
1154
1923
3846
4615
I
Cf
1.000
0.820
0.596
0.428
0.314
0.149
D.145
0,04.1
D.030
• pH= 5
C0-Cf=>

0.180
0.404
0.573
0.686
0.851
0.855
0.959
0.970
.3
k X/M

1.87
2.10
1.49
1.19
0.738
0.445
0.249
0.210

Cf









PH=
C0-Cf=X










X/M










Cf









pH=
C0-Cf=X










X/M









                                      101

-------
COMPOUND:   BJs(2-ch1oroJsopropyl )ether

 STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
Cl H H C
1 1 1
HP C O C I
V* V* V/ W \
I 1 1
:i
: — H
1 1 1
H CH3 CH3 H
CfiHi^OC^
MOI
WT 171.07
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10.0
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
5.4
24
0.57
0.91








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
88.0
24
6.3
1.7








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
140



0.01
580
55


0.001
2,200
220
20

Co. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


43
16
5.9

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Total Carbon


REMARKS:
                                   102

-------
     COMPOUND:
                      Bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether
O
CO
oc
 £
 o»
CO
Of.

O
O)

E







100







10.






1.









































































































XI





















x






















X





















LX




















x
^S "*

u"

















Zi^~ —






















p*






















K





















J
•
•





















••'
















1, 2 34567811 2 34567 891 2 3 4567.
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l





t

















60



















































































































3 4 5 i A A

























CARBON
DOSE mg/l
U
9.1
22.8
45.6
68.4
Ql.?
114
137
182
274
457
914
• PH= 5.4
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
48.43
45.94
44.00
40.81
37.62
3?.fi4
30.14
26.68
21.55
14.49
6.45
6.17
2.49
4.43
7.62
10.81
IB. 79
18.29
21.75
26.88
33.94
41.98
42.26
273
194.4
167.2
158.1
173.?
160.5
158.6
147.4
123. B
91.85
46.23
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                    103

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
                  Parachlorometa cresol
FORMULA:
                  C,H
7H7C10
MOL. WT.
              142.59
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
3.0
122
0.29
0.90
5.5
124
0.16
0.87
9.0
99
0.42
0.97
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
122
63
32
17
124
85
58
40
99
38
14
5.5
       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
                         GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
11



0.01
17
1.6


0.001
25
2.5
0.2

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


8.1
1.2
0.2

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:    Ultraviolet Spectroscopy   225.9 run.


REMARKS:

-------
          >OUND
                       Parachlorometa cresol
Z
o
co
c*
 E
 o»
co
Of,

O
O)

E
    0.01
3  4  567891

        0.1
3  45   7891

        1.0
                          RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf),  mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5.0
7.5
10
20
25
50
fin
75
100
150
?no
•"H= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
18.92
17.96
17.52
16.96
16.25
13.64
13.92
8.50
6.73
4.26
2.82
0.86

0.96
1.40
1.96
2.67
5.28
5.00
10.42
12.19
14.66
16.10
18.06

384
280
261
267
264
200
208
203
196
161
120
•"H=5.5
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
16.34

15.13

14.19
12.88
11.92
8.b5
3.22
0.27


1.21

2.15
3.46
4.42
7.79
13.12
16.07


242

215
173
177
156
131
107
* pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
19.90

18.12

16.35
14.U3
13.94
7.40
6.95
5.43
3.38
I:f8


1.78

3.55
b.«7
5.96
12.50
12.95
14.47
lfi.5?
18.38
1R 80


356

355
294
238
2bO
216
193
165
122
Q4
                                    105

-------
COMPOUND.

 STRUCTURE:
                  2-Chloronaphthalene
FORMULA:
 MOL. WT.
                                                          162.62
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
n.m
0.001
PH
5.5
280
0.46
0.96








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
280
96
33
11








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
9.3



^ 0.01
29
2.7


0.001
86
8.5
0.8

Co-
1.
0.
0.
mg/l
0
1
01


3.
1.
0.
6
0
3

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:    Ultraviolet Spectroscopy   224.5 nm.


REMARKS:
                                   106

-------
     mromo
                  2-Chloronaphthalene
O
oo
at
E
O)
O
LU
GO


O
CO

O



O)

E







100







10








1.0


























































































-
























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^x























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m






















•
^

-





















x























f




















i



s




















I



























/•





















^
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t^






















/
























•_
























x
















































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r






















X
i






















^

























































































































L, 2 3456 9) 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567!
001 0.01 0.1 1.0

























91
1C
                      RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5.0
7.5
10
20
25
50
75
• pH= 5.5
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
2.36
2.01
1.59
0.98
0.68
0.34
0.07
0.05
0.03
0.02

0.35
0.77
1.38
1.68
2.02
2.29
2.31
2.33
2.34

350
308
276
224
202
114
92
47
31
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                              107

-------
COMPOUND.


 STRUCTURE:
              1-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene

FORMULA:
            C.H.CINO,,
             0 4    L
 MOL. WT.   157.6
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
All data pooled
130
0.46
0.97








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
370
130
46
16








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED

                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON

                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
20



0.01
64
5.8


0.001
180
18
1.7

Co, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


7.7
2.2
0.6

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.


ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 260 nm



REMARKS:
                                   108

-------
1
i



Z 3
0
to ,
« c
i
£ i

O) 5


o 4
UJ
CO ,
Of '
O ,
«/» z
O
i
Ok a



«£
^
<
2
j
0.(
TO, OC






1000








100








10
i
31
0~























*

a
























x"1

4
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^


























X


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5
m





















i
T


r 8<
0




















mi
^*
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M ;
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3


























4




















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5 e
















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4









7 8
1.

















1








91 2
0
















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n














r











n














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n













i
1











n












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1











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1













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1
0





















































4


























;


























(


























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1


























dfi
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200

• pH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/N(
9.26
7.43
6.39
3.81
0.90
0.37
0.20
0.08


1.83
2.87
5.45
8.36
8.89
9.06
9.18


366
287
218
167
89
60
46

• pH=7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/to
9.20
7.36
6.86
3.86
1.13
0.22
0.18
0.11


1.84
2.34
5.34
8.07
8.98
9.02
9.09


368
234
214
161
90
60
45

* PH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/to
9.43
7.50
6.30
4.02
1.02
0.61
0.46
0.20


1.93
3.13
5.41
8.41
8.82
8.97
9.23


386
313
216
168
88
60
46

         109

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
                 2-Chlorophenol
FORMULA:
 MOL. WT.
                                                          125.56
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
All Data Pooled
51.0
0.41
0.97








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
51
20
7.9
3.1








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
45



0.01
130
12


0.001
330
33
3.0

C
o- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


20
5.0
1.3

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:    Ultraviolet Spectroscopy  273.5 nm.


REMARKS:
                                   110

-------
O
eo
oc
 E
 o>
CO
Of

O
O)

E
C^POUND:







100








10








1














































































2-Chlorophenol







































































„ •

























^

























^
x*"^

























f


























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0
\

























*

























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i























^
•





















*-
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mj
—






,
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n

























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1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 345678
.01 0.1 1.0 10 100
                          RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf),  mg/i

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
50
75
100
150
200
300
400
500
• PH= 3.0
cf c0-cf=x x/m
20.00
12.16
q.i4
8.12
4.50
2.34
1.30
0.76


7.84
IfLftfi
11.88
15.50
17.76
18.70
19.24


157
145
11-9
103
88.3
62.3
48.1

• PH= 5.8
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
19.32
12.10
in 99
8.28
4.42
2.54
1,24
1.10
0.82

7.99
Q in
11.04
14.90
16.78
18.08
18.22
18.50

144
121
no
99.3
83.9
60.3
45.6
37.0
A PH= 9-0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
19.61
1 3 .51
10 40
8.38
4.88
3.66
1.48
0.89
0.50

fi in
Q 21
11.23
14.73
15.95
18.13
18.72
19.11

1??
123
112
98.2
79.8
60.4
46.8
38.2
                                   III

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
4-Chlorophenyl  phen.yl ether
FORMULA:
                            MOL. WT.
                                                         204.66
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
111
0.26
0.96








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
111
61
33
18








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                        Cf, mg/l
                           GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
15



0.01
30
2.7


0.001
55
5.4
0.5

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


9.0
1.6
0.3

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:   Ultraviolet Spectroscopy  225.6 nm.


REMARKS:
                                   112

-------
O
CO
Ctf
 E
 O)
O
ui
CO

O

O


O)
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5
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3
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6
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1,000








100








10
pUND:











































































4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether














































































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(1 2 34567891 2 3456789 2 34
.1 1.0 10














































































6 7 8 r
100
                         RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
50
75
100
125
150
200
I
Cf
15.94
14.63
13.60
7.75
5.36
2.01
1.09
0.67
0.26
1 pH=
C0-Cf=X

1.31
2.34
8.19
10.58
13.93
14.85
15.27
15.68
5.3
X/M

262
234
163.?
141.1
139.;
118. £
101.8
78.4

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pH=
c0-cf=x










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pH=
C0-Cf=X










X/M









                                  113

-------
COMPOUND:


 STRUCTURE:
               5-Chlorouracil
                              HN
                                     Cl
                                  II
                                  o
FORMULA:
 MOL WT.
                                                       146.54
FREUNOLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
pH 3 and 7 pooled
25
0.58
0.98
pH 9
7.3
0.90
0.76




ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
96
25
6.6
1.7
58
7.3
0.91
0.11




       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON

                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
140



0.01
570
52


0.001
2,200
220
20

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


40
15
5.8

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.


ANALYTICAL METHOD:   Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 273 nm
REMARKS:

-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON






























































ro
O
O
ro
o
VJ
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en
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en
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CO
ro
ro

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ro
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ro
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CARBON
DOSE mg/l

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-------
COMPOUND:   Choline chloride

 STRUCTURE:
                     [(CH3)3N .CH2CH2OH]CI
FORMULA:
 MOL. WT.
                                                    139.63
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l




pH












ADSORPTION CAPACITY, 11.9/91"












       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                    CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
           SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                     Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
  C0.
  C0. mg/l
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:Total Organic Carbon


REMARKS:  Not adsorbed
                                 116

-------
COMPOUND:
            Choline chloride
1
i
i
1
t
Z 3
O
flQ ,
CK 2
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u
F i
5> j
\ 6
2 *
S '
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1 1 3456789) 2 34567891 Z 4 6























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6 7 8























1
                  RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200

pH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
13.2
13.6
12.8
13.8
13.2
13.6
13.6
12t6



















PH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
14.0
13.6
15,0
13.2
12.4
13, ?
14.2
IP.fi



















pH=g%0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
14.0
14.6
13.4
13.6
14.6
14. n
13.0 •
13.?



















                            17

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
Cyclohexanone
                                 HHHH
                                    /\  /\
                                  HHHH
FORMULA:
            C6H10°
                          _  MOL. WT.  98.14
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
7.3
6.2
0.75
0.84








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
36
6.2
1.1
0.19








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
                             GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
820



0.01
5,100
470


0.001
29,000
2,900
260

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


160
91
52

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Total Organic Carbon

REMARKS:
                                   118

-------
     COMPOUND:
    . innn
                    Cyclohexanone
O
co
 E
 O)
O
uu
CO
ee

O
«/»
O
o>
E
1
1
1
•*
1
1
9
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6
5
4
1
2
9
8
7
6
5
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2 34567891 2 34567891 2 3456 2
0.01 0.1 __.. . 1.0 10










































3 4





















5





















M





















a
                         RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
100
200
400
600
1000



• pH= 7.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.76
6.81
6.13
4.09
3.95
1.36




3.95
4.63
6.67
6.81
9.40




39.5
23.2
16.7
11.4
9.4



PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M




























-------
COMPOUND:  Cyclohexylamine

 STRUCTURE:
                             H HHH
FORMULA:
 MOL. WT.
                                                      99.2
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l




pH












ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm












       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                      Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l




















C0, mg/l









(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Total Organic Carbon

REMARKS:    Not adsorbed
                                  120

-------
     COMPOUND:
                  Cyclohexylamine
























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 3456791
z
o
CD
Ctf
 E
 0)
ec
O
o>
E
                          RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
TOO
150
200

pH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.4
10.4
9.8
9.4
10.2
9.8
Q ft
10.6



















pH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.8
10.2
10.6
10.4
11.0
10.4
11.?
10.0



















PH=9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
1?.8
11.6
11.8
10.6
11.0
10.4
in. R '
10.0



















                                   121

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
             Cytosine
                            0=
                                 NH
                                  H
FORMULA:
 MOL. WT.
                                                      111.10
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0
6.3xlO"13
13.67
0.90
pH 7 and 9 pooled
1.1
1.6
0.98




ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
30



38
1.1
0.03
0.0008




       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
> 30, 000



0.01
> 100, 000
> 100, 000


0.001
> 100, 000
>100,000
>100,000

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


935
3,330
12,500

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 275 nm


REMARKS:
                                  122

-------
z
o
CO
 E
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00
Of

O
O)

E
j
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
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2
1
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
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91 2 34567891 456 -JJ
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d6
                         RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150


• PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.96
9.80
9.77
9.53
9.48
9.18
8.87



0.16
0.19
0.43
0.48
0.78
1.09



32
19
17.
10
8
7


• PH=7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.00
9.80
9.64
9.15
8.48
7.53
6.30



0.20
0.36
0.85
1.52
2.47
3.20



40
36
34
30
25
21


* pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.98
9.80
9.63
9.20
8.49
7.54
6.81



0.18
0.35
0.78
1.49
2.44
3.17



36
35
31
30
24
21


                                 123

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
             DDE
FORMULA:
            318.03
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
232
0.37
0.82








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
232
98
42
18








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
9.0



0.01
23
2.1


0.001
55
5.5
0.5

C0, mg/l
i.n
0.1
0.01


& 3
1.0
0.2

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Solvent Extraction - G.C.


REMARKS:
                                   12**

-------
fft
MPOUND:
t
7
6
5
i •
fld j
U
1
Q 4
UJ
S >
a .
0
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6
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3
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CO













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NC. (Cf), mg/l





0



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ft 2 3 4 5d.7d

























if

CARBON
DOSE mg/t
0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
9.0
10.0
*
• PH= 5.3
Cf* C0-Cf=X X/M
20.7
0.169
0.114
0.129
0.112
0.098
0.006
0.002
XI 03

0.02053
0.0206
0.02057
0.02059
0.02060
0.02069
D. 02070


20.5
10.3
6.86
5.15
4.12
2.30
2.07

PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                         125

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
DDT
                                  CGI
FORMULA.
           C14H9C15
                              MOL. WT.  354.50
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
5.3
322
0.50
0.89








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
322
103
33
10








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                        Cf. mg/l
                             GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
n.m

0.1
8.8



0.01
31
218


0.001
98
9.7
0.9

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


3.1
1.0
0.3

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Solvent Extraction  -  G.C.


REMARKS:
                                    126

-------
COMPOUND:
JJDI_
1
0
1
7
6
5
4
i '
* 2
at,
<
u
E i
0) •
"X. 6
s :
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2 34567891 1 34567891 2 34567891 2
001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
























































































































45681
0.01

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.n
5.0
6.0
7.0
* X103
pH= 5.3
Cf* C0-Cf=X* X/M
8.64
0.234
0.147
0.121
n DQI
0.034
0.0?1
0.008


8.41
8.49
8.52
R 55
R.fil
8.fi?
8.63


8.41
4.25
2.84
2 14
1 ,12
1 44
1.23

pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                               127

-------
 COMPOUND:

  STRUCTURE:
                   Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
 FORMULA:
                   C22H14
  MOL WT.
             278.33
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
7.1
69.3
0.75
0.97








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
69
12
2.1
0.39








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
73



0.01
450
41


0.001
2,600
250
23

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


14
8.3
4.8

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Fluorescence:  excitation 298  nm; 395 nm.

REMARKS:   Modified  protocol  used for isotherm due to limited solubility.
                                   128

-------
     COMPOUND:
      1.0
                       Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
Z
o
CO
 E
 o»
O
UJ
OQ
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67891
  0.000001     0.00001            0.0001              0.001

                          RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf),  mg/l
0.01
CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0.72
0.74
2.34
2.82
2.86
3.18
6.94
7.46


C0 x 103
0.199
0.166
0.133
0.428
0.298
0.246
0.112
0.185


Cf x 10J
0.126
0.109
0.041
0.182
0.114
OrQ7Q
0.012
n.rwn


C0-Cf=X
0.000073
0.000057
0.000092
0.000246
0.000184
0.000176
0.000100
n nnm^


X/M
0.101
0.077
0.039
0.087
0.064
0,055
0.014
0 0?1


                                    129

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
                D1bromochloromethane
                             Cl
Br
 1
C
— Br
                                    H
FORMULA:
                CHBrCl
         MOL. WT.
                   208.29
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
4.8
0.34
L 0.96








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
4.8
2.2
1.0
0.46








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON

                       Cf. mg/l
        GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
410



0.01
980
89


0.001
2,200
210
19

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


210
45
9.9

 (a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

 ANALYTICAL METHOD:     G. c.  Purge and Trap


REMARKS.
                                   130

-------
          POUND:
                      Di bromochloromethane
 O
 CO
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1
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                          RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf),  mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
38
58
192
289
385
769
1923

• PH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
1.000
0.829
0.677
0.308
0.254
0.101
0.066
0.0009


3.171
L323
5.692
).746
J.899
J.934
0.9991


4.45
5.59
3. .60
2.59
2.34
1.21
0.520

PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-C(=X X/M



























                                   131

-------
COMPOUND.

 STRUCTURE:
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
                             H
                              I
                             C
                              I
                             H
                     Br
                      I
                     C
                      I
                     H
Br ~ C —  C  — C-CI
H
 1
C
 I
H
FORMULA:     C3H4Br2Cl
                              MOL. WT.
                                         235.34
FREUNOLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
53
0.47
0.99








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, tng/gm
53
18
6.0
2.0








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
                            GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
50



0.01
160
15


0.001
490
48
4.4

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


19
5.6
1.7

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:   G.  C.  - Purge and Trap


REMARKS:
                                   132

-------
         X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
o
















































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CO

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COMPOUND: 1 ,2-Dibronio-3-chloropropane

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
                  1,2-Dichlorobenzene
FORMULA:
 MOL WT.
                                                        1.47.00
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
5.5
129
0.43
0.92








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
129
47
17
64








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
19



0.01
57
5.2


0.001
160
15
1.4

c
o. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


7.7
2.1
0.6

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:     Ultraviolet Spectroscopy  214 nm.
REMARKS.

-------
 o
 BO
 CK
 E
 o>
 o
 LU
 GO


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1
I
6
5
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3 45678)
100
                           RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf),  mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
25
50
75
ino
150
?on
300
500
• PH= 5.5
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
27.46
25.08
24.77
24.20
18.91
11.80
6.15
9 2«
1.13
O.ftfi
0.44
n 11

2.38
2.69
3.26
8.55
15.66
21.31
2^ 18
26.33
Pfi.fin
27.02
27.1?

952
538
32.6
342
313
284
252
176
133
90
54
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                     135

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
1.5-Dichlorobenzene
FORMULA:
           C6H4C12
                               MOL WT.  147-°°
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
5.1
118.
n.41;
0.86








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
118
42
15
5.1








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
                             GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
22



0.01
68
6.2


0.001
?nn
19
1.8

C0. mg/l
1 0
0 1
0.01


8 5
7 &.
0.7

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 214  nm


REMARKS:
                                    136

-------
COMPOUND:
 10.000
                      1,3-Dichlorobenzene
i
5
4
3
2
1
6
5
4
3
2
1
I
6
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91 2 34567891 2 34567891 4567891
O
CD

oa
tx
O
o»
E
                          RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
25
50
60
75
100
150
200
500
• PH= 5.1
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
24.25
17.51
7.85
5.73
3.96
2.04
1.31
0.70
0.48

6.74
16.4
18.52
20.29
22.21
22.94
23.55
23.77

269.6
328
308.7
270.5
222.1
152.9
117.7
47.5
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                    137

-------
COMPOUND:   1,4-Dichlorobenzene

 STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
            C6H4C12
 MOL. WT.
147.00
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
5-1
121
0 47
0.94








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
121
41
14
4.6








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
22



0.01
73
6 6


0.001
220
??
2.0

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


8.3
2.5
0.7

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:    Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 223 nm

REMARKS:
                                  138

-------
z
o
CO
oc

u

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\

a
UJ
CD

O

O
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1
1
1
4
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3
2
1
9
8
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CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
50
75
100
125
150
200


• PH= 5<]
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
16.71
3.48
2.55
1.94
1.19
1.03
0.33



13.23
14.16
14.77
15 52
15.68
16.38



264.6
188.8
147-7
124 15
104.5
81.9

	
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                             139

-------
COMPOUND:   3,3-Di chl orobenzi di ne

 STRUCTURE:
                           H2N~
      -NH,
FORMULA:
 MOL. WT.   253.13
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
All Data Pooled
300
0.20
0.92








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
300
190
120
73








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                      Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
4.8



0.01
8.3
0.8


0.001
13
1.3
0.1

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


3.3
0.5
0.1

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l for pooled data

ANALYTICAL METHOD:   Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 282 nm
REMARKS:   OSHA regulated  carcinogen

-------
 o
 80
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                         RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
7.R
10
12.5
15
20
25
• PH= 7.2
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
2.51
1.70
0.83
0.46
0,072
0,044
0.028
0.008
0.005

0.81
1.68
2.05
?.44
2.466
2.482
2.502
2.505

324
336
?T\
244
197
165
125
100
ApH= 9.1
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
2.28
1.55
0.81
0.33
0.070
0.042
0.038
0.034
0.017

0.73
1.47
1.95
2.210
2.238
2.242
2.246
2.263

292
294
260
221
179
149
112
90
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M




























-------
COMPOUND:



  STRUCTURE:
                 Di ch1orobromomethane
                                   Br

                                         f+t
                                         Ul
                                    H
FORMULA:
 MOL WT.
                                                         163.83
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
7.9
0.61
1.00








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
7.9
1.9
0.47
0.12








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED

                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON


                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
500



0.01
2,100
190


0.001
8,700
860
78

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


130
52
21

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.



ANALYTICAL METHOD:  G. C.  Purge and  Trap




REMARKS:
                                   \k2

-------
     COMPOUND:
DJchlorobromomethane
O
GQ
E
o>
O
UJ
CO


O


O
O)

E
1
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1
6
b


2
1
9
7
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0
                         RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
38
96
192
289
385
1154
1923

• PH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
1.000
0.762
0.479
0.277
0.183
0.134
0.029
0.011


0.238
0.521
0.723
0.817
0.866
0.971
0.990


6.20
5.42
3.76
2.83
2.25
0.841
0.514

PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M




























-------
COMPOUND.

 STRUCTURE:
1,1-Dichloroethane
                               Cl    H
                           H—C—C—H
                               Cl   H
FORMULA:
              C2H4C12
                            MOL. WT.
                                        98.96
FREUNOLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
1.79
0.53
0.96








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
1.8
0.52
0.15
0.04








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
                           GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
1,00



0.01
6.500
600


0.001
22.000
2,200
200

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


560
190
70

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  G.C - Purge and Trap
REMARKS:

-------
                                                           X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
                                                       IV  U*  A en O» *«
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vn
































































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rnAADniiun. 1.1-Dichloroethane

-------
COMPOUND:
 STRUCTURE:
              1,2-Dichloroethane
                               Cl
                          H—C
                                     Cl
                                    -C-
                                H    H
FORMULA:
             C2H4C12
                                            MOL WT
                                                           98.96
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
3,57
0,83
0.99








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
3.6
0.52
0.08
0.01








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
                                          GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
1700



0.01
13,000
1,200


0.001
86,000
8,600
780

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


280
190
120

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD:   G.C.  -  Purge and Trap
REMARKS:

-------
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0.001              0.01            0.10              1.0           10.0
                      RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
192
385
1154
1923
3846
9615


• PH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
1.000
0.527
0.406
0.144
0.103
0.046
0.012



0.473
0.594
0.856
0.897
0.954
0.988



2.46
1.55
0.742
0.466
0.248
0.103


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-------
COMPOUND:

  STRUCTURE:
1,2-trans-Dichloroethene
                             H

                                 C = C
            Cl
                                         \
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FORMULA:
               C2H2C12
                             MOL WT.
                                        96.94
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
6.7
3.05
0.51
0.99








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
3.0
0.94
0.29
0.09








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                        Cf, mg/l
                            GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, rng/l
1.0
0.1
n.m

0.1
950



0.01
3,400
310


0.001
11,000
1,100
100

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


330
110
34

{a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:    G.C.   Purge  and Trap


REMARKS:
                                   148-

-------
       MPOUND:
1.2-trans-Dichloroethene
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                         RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
192
385
769
1538
2692
3846
4615

• pH= 6.7
C, C0-Cf=X X/M
1000
0.597
0.258
0.160
0.044
0.014
0.0099
D.0049


0.403
0.742
0.840
0.956
0.986
0.990
0.995


2.10
1.93
1.09
0.621
0.366
0.257
0.216

pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























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-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
               1 ,1-Dichloroethene  (1 , l-Dichloroethylene)
                            cr
FORMULA:
               C9H9C1?
MOL. WT.   96.94
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
4.91
0.54
0.99








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
4.9
1.4
0.41
0.12








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
                                           GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
GO- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
640



0.01
2,400
220


0.001
8,600
850
77

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  G. C.  Purge  and Trap


REMARKS:
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


200
70
24

                                   150

-------
                                                            X/M, mg ADSORBED  / gm CARBON
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-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
2.4-Dichlorophenol
FORMULA:
                              MOL. WT.  163.00
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
3.0
147
0.35
0.96
5.3
1*7
0.15
0.96
9.0
141
0.29
0.96
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
147
fiR
29
13
157
112
80
57
HI
72
37
19
       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
                             GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
i.n
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0.001
17
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1 0
0.1
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6 4
0.9
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 (a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

 ANALYTICAL METHOD:   Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 241.2 nm at  pH 11

 REMARKS:
                                    152

-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
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-------
COMPOUND:    1,2-Dichloropropane

 STRUCTURE:
                             H    Cl    H
                      Cl—C — C—C
                                         H
                  H
H     H
FORMULA:
              C3H6C12
               MOL. WT.
                            112.99
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
T/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
n.nm
PH
5.3
5.86
0.60
0.98








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
5.9
"1.5
0.37
0.09








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
              GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. rng/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
600



0.01
2700
240


0.001
11,000
1,100
96

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


170
68
27

 (a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

 ANALYTICAL METHOD:    G. C.  Purge and  Trap
REMARKS:

-------
     COMPOUND
      inn
1,2-Dichloropropane
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1
10
                         RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
96
192
385
577
769
1154
1538
2692 i
• pH= 5.3
Cf C0-C,=X X/M
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1, 370 .-
3.143^
3.0916
3,0618
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0.346
0.630
0.857
0.908
0.938
0.965
0.976
0.985

3.60
3.28
2.23
1.57
1.22
0.836
0.635
0.366
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
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                                  155

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
1,2-Dichloropropene
             H    Cl  H
             I     I    I
                         _
                              H
FORMULA:
                             MOL. WT.
                                                          110.98
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
8.21
0.46
0.98








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
8.2
2.8
0.97
0.33








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                        Cf, mg/l
                            GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
nm

0.1
320



0.01
1,000
93


0.001
3,000
300
27

Co-
mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


120
35
10

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:     G. C.  Purge and Trap


REMARKS:
                                   156

-------
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-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
               Dieldrin
                              Cl
FORMULA:
C12H8° C16
MOL. WT.
                                                         380.91
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
5.3
606
0.51
0.94








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
606
185
57
17








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
                            GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
4.8



0.01
17
1.6


0.001
56
5.5
0.5

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


1.7
0.5
0.2

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:     Solvent extraction - G.C.


REMARKS:
                                   158

-------
     COMPOUND
     1000
                      Dieldrin
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CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
20
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0.212
0.0905
0.0104
0.0021
0.0017
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0.0010
0.0008
0.0007
0.0005
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0.1215
0.2016
0.2099
0.2103
0.2108
0.2110
0.2112
0.2113
0.2115
5.3
X/M

122
80.6
42.0
28.0
21.1
16.9
14.1
10.6
8.46

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                                    159

-------
COMPOUND:  Diethylene glycoT

 STRUCTURE:
                  HO-
H
i
C
i
H
H
i
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i
H
H
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i
H
H
i
C
i
H
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FORMULA:
          C4H10°3
 MOL. WT.  106.12
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l




pH












ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm












       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
  C0. mg/l
  C0. mg/l
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  To^1 Organic Carbon

REMARKS:  Not adsorbed
                                  160

-------
     COMPOUND:   Pi ethyl ene qlvco'l




























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































1 Z 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891


































































































































3 45678


























1
o
CD
ec
 E
 o»
o
ui
CO


O

O



O)

E
                        RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200

PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
11.8
11.0
11.2
12. n
12.0
11.0
11.0
11.0



















pH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
13.4
13.8
12.6
18.2
12.8
11.4
11.4
15.4



















PH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
11.6
11.2
11.2
11.4
11,0
11.0
10.8-
11.4



















                                 161

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
Dlethyl  phthalate
                                               H
FORMULA:
C12H1404
MOL. WT.
222.24
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.4
no
0.27
0.81








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
110
59
32
17








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
             SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                        Cf, mg/l
                           GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
15



0.01
31
2.8


0.001
59
5.8
0.5

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


9.0
1.7
0.3

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:     Ultraviolet  Spectroscopy  228 run.


REMARKS:
                                    162

-------
     COMPOUND:
Dlethyl  phthalate
O
00
 E
 o»
CO
at.
O
CO
O
O)
E







1,000








100






10

































































•^














































= =•























,-*^























*^m























•"""























^
•






















i
^























*•














































.-«»
••






















L^-






















^<























*•

































































































































































































































1 2 3456789) 2 34567891 2 3456789 4 78
'•I 1.0 10 100 1,000
                          RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
4.9
9.9
IQ.fi
24.4
49.7
59.1
72.8
99.0
121
148
196
• P"= 5.4
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
18.88
17.47
17.11
14.65
14.41
5.89
5.64
4.88
4.13
2.69
1.44
0.86

1.41
1.77
4 ?T
4.47
12.99
13.24
14.00
14.75
16.19
17.44
18.02

283
179
216
183
261
224
192
149
134
118
92
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                    163

-------
COMPOUND:  4-Dimethylarm'noazQbenzene

 STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
 MOL. WT.  225-3
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
7.0
249
0.24
0.96








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
249
140
83
48








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
6.3



0.01
12
1.1


0.001
21
2.1
0.2

C0, mg/l
1.0
0,1
0.01


4.0
0.71
0.12

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Visible Spectroscopy 450 nm
REMARKS:  OSHA  regulated carcinogen

-------
COMPOUND:
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
1
7
6
5
4
i •
g 2
u
E 9
o> •
•^x 6
2 «
S >
0 ,
10
o
4
0) i
r n
7
«. G
S r
f, 3
^ 4
• *
3
2
I
i fpoc







100








10







1.0


































































































































o.ootoi 2 3 4 56.7d













_ ^^-— *^
























^— •
























=*
•























.—














	







ft
T,
^--="
• "~





















g
— —
t ^i ^"























_

























. —


























••

























^



























•^ "*

















fl1 234 365,^ 2 3 4 S670

• ~ ^-^—






..-r-"

























r^

























•































































































9J 4567.


























.0
   RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf),  mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
n
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
5.0
• PH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
).?an
).198
).138
J.065
3.045
0,019
0.007
0.0053
D.0035

0.082
0.142
0.215
0.235
0.261
0.273
0.275
0.276

164
142
143
118
104
91
68.7
55.3
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























            165

-------
COMPOUND:


 STRUCTURE:
N-Dimethvlnitrosamine
                             H
                   O
                    II

                   N
H
                       H-C- IM -C  -
                             H
                         H
           (CHJJVNO
FORMULA:  v  3'2
                              MOL. WT.
                                          74.08
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0


PH
7.5
6.8 x 10"5
6.6
0.62








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
250
6.8 x 10~5










       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED

                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON

                       Cf, mg/l
                            GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
> 100, 000



0.01
> 100, 000
>100,000


0.001
> 100, 000
>100,000


C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


>100,000
> 100, 000
>100,000

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.


ANALYTICAL METHOD:   Solvent  Extraction - G.C.



REMARKS:   OSHA  regulated  carcinogen.
                                    166

-------
              X/M, mg  ADSORBED / gm CARBON



















































00
00
o
CT>
cn
ro
en


















-£»
O1
-t=»
CT>
tn
ro
tn


_,















vo
cr>
o
-•j
o
rN3
o


ro















^
— '
ro
00
o
_.
o


ro
^














. 	 i
00
*
CO
o
_,
o


Ul
"^















10
ro
^
tn
_,
tn


01
GO















o

VO
O



















Ss

111 £
3 0
\

—
o
I
n
n
x
X
5
n
n
o
n
n
X
X
•*v
_n
n
o

n
ii
X
X
^v







X
II


•
en


•o
X
II






•o
X
II


  0-7
                           rv  co ^ in
90
m   ~
j/j

O   -,
c   fc;

^0.   IJ1
    o>
n   ^
r»o
(O
  o •
  O
                                        O
                                        O
                                                           O
                                                           -s

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
2,4-Dimethyl phenol
FORMULA:
                             MOL. WT.
                                                         122.17
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
3.0
78
0.44
0.93
5.8
70
0.44
0.92
9.0
108
0.33
0.93
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
78
28
10
3.8
70
25
9.1
3.3
108
50
23
11
       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
                            GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
i n
0.1
0.01

0.1
3fi



0.01
nn
98


0.001
3nn
30
2.7

C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


14
4.0
1.0

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:     Ultraviolet Spectroscopy  238 nm at pH  11


REMARKS:
                                   168

-------
                      2,4-Dimeth.ylphenol
Z
o
CO
Of
<
u

E
o>
to
t*.

O
V)
O
O)

E
   0.01
                          RESIDUAL  CONC. (Cf),  mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1
2.5
5.0
10
15
25
50
60
75
100
150
200
300
500
1000
• P»=3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
19.88
18.80
18.02
16.49
14.36
11.04
9.06
7.49
5.49
1.95
D.70
3.34


1.08
1.86
3.39
5.52
8.84
10.82
12.39
14.39
17.93
19.18
19.54


432
372
226
271
177
180
165
144
120
96
39
	
•"H=5.8
Cf c0-Cf=x X/M
20.36
19.85
19.42
19.28
18.64
Ifi.Ofi
12.19
6.66
3.05
1.14
0,16
0.13

0.51
0.94
1.08
1.7?
4.30
8.17
13.7
17.31
19.22
20.20
20.23

510
376
216
17?
17?
163
137
115
96
40
20
* PH=9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
20.48
19. ?5
19.19
17.fi?
1 5 . ?fi
9.06
7.27
5.46
0.83
0.46
0.17
0.13


1.?3
1.29
? fifi
5.1?
11.42
13.21
15.02
19.65
20.02
20.31
?0.3.
-------
COMPOUND.

 STRUCTURE.
Dimethylphenylcarbi nol
FORMULA:
H
i
H- C
I
H
CgH120
OH
i
- c -
(-^S)
tQJ

H
i
C - H
i
H
MOI WT "136.20
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0
110
0.60
0.98
pH 7 and 9 pooled
210
0.34
0.98




ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
420
110
27
6.7
460
210
97
44




       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)

            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON    GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
                        Cf, mg/l
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
9.0



0.01
21
1.9


0.001
46
4.5
0.41

C0. rng/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


4.7
1.0
0.2

 (a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

 ANALYTICAL METHOD: ultraviolet  Spectroscopy 244 nm

REMARKS.
                                   170

-------
     COMPOUND:  D^ethylphenylcarblnol
80
u

E
o>
s
s
Q
O)
E
Ij
6
5
4
3
2
7
6
5
4
3
1
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
O.I







1000








100


1




10




















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*^




X



















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X*





















--
























**
























,
4






















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t 	






















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L

































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/
































































































































































k-, 2 3 4 5 6J 8*1 2 3 4 5 6 7JS 91 2 3456 S 9 t 2 4567891
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150


• pH= 3,0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
11.64
9,37
7.85
5.22
2.97
0.88




2.27
3.79
6.42
8.67
10.8




454
379
257
173
108



• pH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.00
7.64
5.66
3.08
0.88
0.15
0.02



2.36
4.34
6.92
9.12
9.85
9.98



472
434
277
182
99
67


• pH=9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.69
7.37
5.72
3.02
0.92
0.09




2.32
3.97
6.67
8.77
9.60




464
397
267
175
96



                                 J71

-------
STRUCTURE:
o
II
©-c-
II
o
FORMULA, C10H10°4


O
o



-CH3
-CH3
MOL. WT. .



194.18
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
All data pooled
97
0.41
0.93








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
250
97
38
15








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
24



0.01
67
6.1


0.001
180
17
1.6

Co-
mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


9.9
2.6
0.7

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 230 nm


REMARKS:
                                    172

-------
            UNO:  Dimethyl phthalate
Z
o
en
 E
 0)
a
Ul
CO


o

a


0>

E
»i
6
5
4
3
2
I
6
5
4
3
2
I
'
6
5
4
3
2
1
0.







1000








100







10
















































X
























^-
















































,x*























f ^






















p^
A






















ki























*





















ff























+























^






















^
4M
^






















^^























•
^
























X
























^























I
























|























r




















































































2 34567891 Z 345S789I 2 34567891 2 345
01 0.1 1.0 10
RESIDUAL CONG (Cf), mg/l




































































































678
TOO

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
100
150
200


• PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.50

7.40
3.55
1.70
0.30
0.10




2.10
5.95
7.80
9.20
9.40




210
238
78
61
47


• PH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
q.qn
8.65
7.65
3.90
1,67
0.4.-?
0.10



1.25
2.25
6.00
8.23
9.47
Q.ftD



250
225
?40
82
fi3
4Q


A pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9 60
8.50
7.50
3.65
l.Ftf
n ^n
n ?2



1.10
2.10
5.95
a. OR
°> 10
9 38



220
210
23R
81
61
47


                                    173

-------
COMPOUND:  4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol

 STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
 MOL. WT.
                                                      198.14
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
3.0
237
0.32
0.97
5.2
169
35
0.98
9.0
42.74
0.90
0.99
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
237
114
55
26
169
76
34
15
.43
fi.3
n 7
0.1
       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
GO- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01 •

0.1
12



0.01
28
2.6


0.001
63
6.2
0.6

Co-
mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


6.0
1.3
0.3

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 271 nm


REMARKS:
                                   174

-------
 COMPOUND- 4.6-Dinitro-o-cresol
.10.000
                                                      2   3  4567891
                                                               100
                    RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
20
25
50
1*
100
125
150
200
4
Cf
19.09
16.95
15.90
14.36
9.79
9.77
3.39
1.10
0.43
0.23
Brit
1 pH= 3
C0-Cf=X

2.14
3.19
4.73
9.30
9.32
15.70
17.99
18.66
18. S6
19:8
.0
X/M

856
638
473
465
373
314
248
187
151
}%
\
Cf
19.05
17.65
16.78
14.52
12.24
10.70
5.42
2.85
1.18
n.fi?
0.32
o.?n
I PH= 5.
c0-Cf=x

1.40
2.27
4.53
6.81
8.35
13.63
16.20
17.87
18.43
18.73
18.85
2
X/M

560
454
453
340
334
273
216
179
147
125
94,?
i
Cf
18.06
16.52
15.66
13.68
10.12
10.08
6.63
4.99
4.10
3.1fi
2.36
I PH= 9
c0-cf=x

1.54
2.40
4.38
7.94
7.98
11.43
13.07
13.96
u.qn
15.70
.0
X/M

616
480
438
397
319
229
174
140
119
105
                             175

-------
COMPOUND:  2,4-Dinitrophenol


 STRUCTURE:
             .-.-
FORMULA:  6425
 MOL WT.
                                                       184.11
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0
160
0.37
0.99
7.0
33
0.61
0.89
9.0
41
0.25
0.87
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
380
160
69
29
140
33
8.0
1.9
73
41
23
13
       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED

                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON

                       Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
no



0.01
500
45


0.001
2,100
200
18

Co. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


30
13
5.2

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.


ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Ultraviolet Spectroscopy  260 run



REMARKS:
                                   176

-------
     COMPOUND:   2.4-Dinitrophenol
O
03
 E
 o>
Q
ui
OB


O

O
o>
E
   0.01
3  4  567891

      0.1
3  4  56789)

       1.0
                         RESIDUAL CONC (Cf),  mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
25
50
100
150
200
• PH= 3.0
Cj Co— Cf=X X/M
9.88
8.90
7.95
7.02
3.66
0.98
0.24
0.09
0.04

0.98
1.93
2.86
6,22
8.90
9.64
9.79
9.84

392
386
286
248
178
96
65
49
• PH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.95
9.48
9.19

7,63
5.83
3.69
2.69
1.06

0.47
0.76

2.32
4.12
6.26
7.26
8.89

188
152

93
82
63
48
44
• pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.97

9.52
9.27
8.39
6.93
4.49 •
2.30
1.14


0.45
0.70
1.58
3.04
5.48
7.67
8.83


90
70
63
61
55
51
44
                                  177

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
                 2,4-Dinitrotoluene
FORMULA:
                                            MOL. WT.
                                                          182.14
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.01
pH
5.4
14fi
0.31
0.94








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
146
71
34
17








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
                                           GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
GO- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
13



0.01
29
2.6


0.001
59
5.9
0.5

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


6.9
1.4
0.3

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:    Ultraviolet Spectroscopy  252 nm.


REMARKS:
                                   178

-------
     COMPOUND:
                      2,4-Dinitrotoluene
1
I
6
5
4
3
2
I
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2







1,000








100








10






















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t

























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1










1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567
0.01 0.1 1.0














1
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891 3456781
10 IOC
z
o
00
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 o>
o
ui
OQ


O
to

0



O)

E
                         RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
20
25
BO
75
100
125
150
200
* PH= 5.4
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.46
8.46
8.48
6.92
4.42
4.31
1 Ifi
0.290
0.140
0.085
0.080
0.090

1.00
0.980
2.54
5.04
5.15
R 30
9.17
9.32
9.38
9.38
9.37

400
196
254
?R?
206
Ififi
122
93
75
63
47
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                  179

-------
COMPOUND:     2,6-Dinitrotoluene

 STRUCTURE:
                         °2NtOTN°2
FORMULA:
 MOL WT.
                                                      182.14
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
i.n
0.1
0.01
n.nm
PH
5.4
145
0.32
0.98








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
145
70
33
16








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
13



0.01
30
2.7


0.001
62
6.2
0.6

Co, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


6.9
1.4
0.3

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:   Ultraviolet Spectroscopy  242 nm.


REMARKS:
                                  180

-------
2,6-Dlnitrotoluene
1
6
4
§ '
« 2
ec 2
c i
C 9
» ?
\ 6
S •
s •
8 .
O
o> ;
E ?
v 6
S
>T ,
X
3
2
1









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10



















































































































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91 2 3456791 45678
0 10 1(

























i
JO
  RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
20
25
50
60
75
100
125
150
•PH=5,4
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.58
9.80
9.28
8.00
5.48
4.50
1.45
0.89
0.56
0.38
0.21
0.14

0.780
1.30
2.58
5.10
6.08
9.13
9.69
10.02
10.20
10.37
10.44

312
260
258
255
243
183
162
134
102
83
70
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























           181

-------
COMPOUND:  Diphpnylaminp

 STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
            C12H11N
 MOL WT.   169-24
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
•1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
All data pooled
120
0.31
0.98








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
240.
120
57
28








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
16



0.01
35
3.2


0.001
72
7.?
0.65

GO- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


8.5
1.8
0.4

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Ultraviolet  Spectroscopy 279 nm


REMARKS:
                                   182

-------
     COMPOUND:   Dlphenylanrine
Z
o
CQ
0£
<
u

E
O)
o
111
to

O
to
O)
E
1
6
5
4
3
2
1
6
5
4
3
2
t
1
6
5
4
3
2
1
0.







1000








100





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10






















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2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34 678"
01 o.i i.o 10 loo
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
?5
50
100
150
200

• PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
Q 80
8.64
7.88
4.38
2.82
0.55
0.19
0.06


1.16
1.92
5.42
6,98
9.25
9.61
9.74


232
192
217
140
93
64
49

• pH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10rOf
8.8C
7.73
4,45
2.65
0.73^
0.19
0.04


1.20
2.27
5.55
7.35
9.27
9.81
9.96


240
227
222
147
93
65
50

• PH=9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9,88
8.70
7.42
4.37
2.51
0.62
0.19
0.04


1,18
2.46
5.51
7.37
9.26
9.69
9.84


236
246
220
147
93
65
49

                                  183

-------
COMPOUND:  1 »1-D1pheny1hydraz1ne

 STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
C12H12N2
MOL WT.  184.24
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
7.5
135
0.16
0.75








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
194
135
94
65








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
                               GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
10



0.01
15
1.4


0.001
22
2.2
0.2

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


7.4
1.1
0.2

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:   Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 230 nm
REMARKS:

-------
          OUND:   1.1-DlDhenvlhvdrazlne
    7
    (
    5

    4



§  '

59  2
 E
 o»
o
LU
CO

O

o
 n
    6
^  5
<   ;
      1.0
     1     2   34567891
    0.01             0.1
 2   34567891     2  3456   91

            1.0               10

RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
3  4567 91

        100

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
4.6
4.6
11.2
56.1
112



• P"= 7.5
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.95
9.07
9.09
7.83
0.46
0.39




0.88
0.86
2.12
9.49
9.56




191
187
190
167
85



PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                   185

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
                              -  N  —  N  -
                                   I        I
                                  H      H
FORMULA:
                               MOL. WT.
                                                        184.24
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1
n 1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
16,000
2.0
0.95








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
16,000
Ifin
1.5
0.015








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON

                       Cf, mg/l
                              GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
5.7



0.01
630
57


0.001
63,000
6,200
570

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


0.06
0.64
6.7

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:   Total  Organic Carbon


REMARKS:    Rapid oxidation  to azobenzene; azobenzene solubility  is
             0.25 mg/l.
                                   186

-------
                                                X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
oo










































CO
CO

o
o
en
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O
CO
-Pi

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CO













ro
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O
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CM
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0
o
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nn
0
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0













o
CO

o
en
CO
O
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CO
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ro
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O
,

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O

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m OB
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n

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1
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x
X
n
n
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X
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n
n
X
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5
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1 ,2-Oiphenylhydrazine
                                      o

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
                 a-Endosulfan
FORMULA:  C9H6C1fiS03
 MOL. WT.
             406.93
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
n.m
0.001
PH
5.3
194
0.50
0.98








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
194
61
19 ]
6.1








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
15



0.01
50
4.6


0.001
160
16
1.4

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


5.2
1.6
0.5

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:     Solvent extraction -  G.C.


REMARKS:   Data  were obtained on a mixture containing 62% alpha and
             38% beta isomers.
                                   188

-------
         POUND:
                       a-Endosulfan
Z
o
eo
ec
 E
 o»
00
Of.

O
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 E
t
a
t
J
6
5
4
3
2
1
7
6
5
4
3
2
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9
8
7
6
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3
2
1
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-------
 COMPOUND:

  STRUCTURE:
                       Cl  Cl
 FORMULA:
C9H6C16S03
                             MOL. WT.
406.93
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
i.n
0.1
0.01 I
0.001
pH
5.3
615
0.83
0.98








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
615
92
14
2.0








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
                            GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
10



0.01
74
6.7


0.001
500
50
4.5

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


1.6
1.1
0.7

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:    Solvent  extraction - G.C.


REMARKS:   Data were obtained on  a mixture containing  62% alpha and
            38% beta isomers.
                                   190

-------
        MPOUND:
                     g-Endosulfan
Z

o
eo
to.
 E
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CD
DC

O
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!
q
i




a
i
9





2
1

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i
.1
                           RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5
10
25
50
100
150
200
• PH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
0.082
0.052
0.017
0.008
0.004
0.001
0.0006
0.0004
0.0003
0.0002

0.030
0.065
0.074
0.078
0.081
0.081
0.082
0.082
0.082

30.0
26.0
14.8
7.80
3.24
1.62
0.82
0.54
0.41
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



















•







                                      191

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
                Endosulfan sulfate
FORMULA:
                                                   o
qfifi
MOL. WT.
422.93
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
5.3
686
0.81
0.99








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, m9/Bm
686
105
16
2.5








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
                             GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
8.5



0.01
60
5.5


0.001
390
39
3.5

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


1.5
1.0
0.6

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:   Solvent extraction - 6.C,


REMARKS:
                                   192

-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
             OJ .te ISt
OO
OO
0
^^
OO
r^CD
i^Ss^
rTvn

OO
• •
OO
tntn

00
—TO
o— •















ro— •
00

OO
00
00
OO
— 'ro

OO
_i_i
OO
tntn

00
CTT-J
roo















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OO
o

OO
OO
OO
o— •
-F*ro

OO
_!_1
OO
en r^

— >ro
OO
tn-J















ro
tn


O
o
o
ro
co

o
_i
o
CO

^
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o
o
o
ro
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o
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0
ro

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ro















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o
o
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to
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o
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10
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ro















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o
o
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o
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fsj
to
1^1
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in
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r-
r» o-
obd
z°r
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cp
m
3
CL
O
in
c.
-h
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3
1/5
C
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rf
fD

-------
COMPOUND:     Endrin

 STRUCTURE.
CICI
FORMULA:   C1?HaC1fi°
          MOL. WT.
                       381.0
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
' 666
0.80
0.95








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
666
106
17
2.7








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
        GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
8.5



0.01
60
5.4


0.001
380
37
3.4

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


1.5
0.9
0.6

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:     Solvent extraction - G.C.


REMARKS:

-------
         X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
o _





















































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-------
COMPOUND

 STRUCTURE:
               Ethanol
FORMULA:
H
I
H-C
t
H
C2HgO
H
1
C-OH
I
H
MOL WT 46.07
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l




PH
5.3











ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm












       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
                             GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l




















C0. mg/l









(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:   Total  Organic Carbon
REMARKS:
Not adsorbed
                                   196

-------
     COMPOUND:  Ethanol
Z
o
GO
Of.

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O)
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1
                       RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
190
480
954
1520
4800
9600


PH=5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
66.8
63.9
62.7
63.1
65.4
62,7
62.4



2.90
4.10
3.70
1.40
4.10
4.40



15.2
8.54
3.88
0.92
0.85
0.46


PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                               197

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
Ethyl benzene
                                CH2CH3
FORMULA: C8H10
                              MOL. WT.  106.16
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
7.4
53
0.79
0.96








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
325
53
8.5
1.4








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
                            GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/i
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
110



0.01
710
65


0.001
4,400
440
40

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


19
12
7.2

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 260 nm


REMARKS:
                                  198

-------
     COMPOUND
     10.000
                    Ethyl benzene
Z
o
CD
 E
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a
LU
CO


O

Q
O)

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100








10




















































































































































































































































































































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89 2 34 6781
10 1°°
                         RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
25
50
inn

200
• pH= 7.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
24.3
22.5
20.4
18.9
16.2
10.2
5,4
3.fi
2.1

1.80
3.90
5.40
8.10
14.10
18 Q0
?0.70
??.?0

720
780
540
324
282
189
138
111
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                  199

-------
COMPOUND:

  STRUCTURE:
Ethylenediamine
FORMULA:
H
1
N-
1
H
C2H8N2
H
i
C
1
H

H
1
-C
1
H

H
I
-N
I
H
MOL WT. 50.10
FREUNOLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l




PH












ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm












       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
                            GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
  C0, mg/l
                               C0. mg/l
(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total  Organic Carbon


REMARKS:   Not adsorbed
                                   200

-------
     COMPOUND:
                      Ethylenediamine
o
oo
oc
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u

E
O
LU
CO
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1 2 3456789) 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891
                          RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
in
25
50
100
150
200

PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
26.5
25.0
?4.5
24.5
24.0
25.0
?3 R
24.0


















	
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
?R.^
24.5
25 5
25.0
24.5
23.0
?4 0
22.0



















PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
24 5
?r R
23 5
23.0
25.0
22.0
25 5
26.0



















                                   201

-------
COMPOUND:


 STRUCTURE:
Ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid (EDTA)
           HOOCH2C\                 /CH2COOH

                           N-C-C-N
           HOOCH2C
 I     I
H    H
                                           \
                              CH2COOH
          ClnH,,N900
FORMULA:  '0 16  2 8
                            MOL. WT. 292.3
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
All data pooled
0.86
1.5
0.92








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
30
0.86
0.25
0.0007








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED

                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON

                      Cf, mg/l
                          GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
Co- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0,1
36.000



0.01
M 00,000
^100.000


0.001
> inn,non
> 100. 000
> 100, 000

C0.


mg/l
i.n
0.1
0.01


1 jfin
3,970
13,600

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.


ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Organic  Carbon



REMARKS:
                                 202

-------
     COMPOUND:  Ethyl enedi ami netetraaceti cac i d (EDTA)
z
o
CO
ee.
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o
ut
CO


O
o>

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7
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d6
                         RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
50
100
200
400
600
800
1000

• PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
39.2
30.0
26.8
19.5
17.0
14.6
13.4
11.4


9.2
12.4
19,7
22.2
24.6
25.8
27.8


184
124
98.5
55.5
41.0
32.3
27.8

• PH=7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
39.2

25.1
?3.1
17.0
15.1
11.7
8.8



14.1
16.1
22.2
24.1
27.5
30.4



141
80.5
55.5
40.2
34.4
30.4

4 pH= g.o
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
39.2
28.2
24.3

14.6


7.30


11.0
14.9

24.6


31.8


220
149

61.5


31.9

                                  203

-------
COMPOUND:  bis(2~Ethy1hexy1)  phthlate
 STRUCTURE:
- O
- O
                                      CH2CH(C2H5)C4 H9
                                      CH2CH(C2H5)C4 HQ
FORMULA:
       MOL. WT.  390.56
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
n m
0.001
PH
5.3
11,300
1,5
0.91








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
11,300
340
in
0.32








      CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                   CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
           SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                    Cf, mg/l
      GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
i.n
0.1
0.01

n i
?.B



n.m
88
8.0


0.001
2,800
280
25

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


0.1
0.3
1.0

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.
ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Solvent Extraction - G.C.

REMARKS:
                              20^

-------
     COMPOUND
     TOO
                   bis  (2-Ethylhexyl) phthlate
O
80
Ctf
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CD
ot
O
O)
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1
 0.00001
0.0001            0.001              0.01
         RESIDUAL  CONC. (Cf), mg/l
0.1

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
B
7.5
10
12.5
*x 103

• P"= 5.3
Cf* C0-Cf=X X/M
11.03
5.94
3.28
.ran
2.29
2.00
1.83



5.09
7.75
7.?3
8.74
9.03
9.20



5.09
3.10
1.4R
1.17
0.903
0.736


PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                   205

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
               Fluoranthene
FORMULA:
 MOL. WT.  202.26
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
664
0.61
0.88








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
664
164
41
10








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
6.0



0.01
24
2.2


0.001
inn
9.9
0.9

C0, mg/l
i.n
0.1
0.01


i R
0.6
0.2

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Solvent Extraction  - G.C.

REMARKS:
                                   206

-------
1
i
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1
i
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o
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0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0 01
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l


































































4567.






















.i

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5
7.5
12.5



• P»= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
0.0581
0.0140
n.nni4
0.0008
0.0012
0.0005




0.0441
n.n^fi?
0.0573
0.0569
0.0576




44.1
??.7
11..5
7.6
4.6



pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/N(



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























207

-------
COMPOUND:  Fluorene

 STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:   13 10
 MOL WT.   166.22
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
330
0.28
0.94








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
330
170
89
46








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
n.i
0.01

0.1
5.3



0.01
11
1.0


0.001
22
2.1
0.2

Co, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


3.0
0.6
0.1

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Solvent Extraction  - G.C.


REMARKS:
                                  208

-------
o
oo
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o
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RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
























91
10

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1
2.5
5
7.5
10
15
20
25
• PH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
1.21
0.972
0.501
0.061
0.051
0.023
0.010
0.003
0.002

0.238
0.709
1.149
1.159
1.187
1.200
1.207
1.208

238
284
230
155
11Q
80.0
60.4
48.3
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M

























f

                                               209

-------
COMPOUND: 5-Fluorouracil

 STRUCTURE:
                                  H
                                  it
                                  O
FORMULA:
 MOL. WT.   130.08
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
pH 3 and 7 pooled
5.5
1.0
0.87
9.0
1.3
1.4
0.79




ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
59
5.5
0.50
0.047
34
1.3
0.05
0.002




       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
i n
0.1
0.01

0.1
1 ,800


i
0.01
21 ,oon
1,900


0.001
> 100,000
23,000
2,100

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


183
198
215

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 269  nm


REMARKS.
                                   210

-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON





























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h.

















r
{






j\ Ol vJ


















• I
V
x. ^






OBto— ^
0
O
















	
'==
N






•J

























•^

























fc I

























/I




















































0
O
0

























n
O
?
T>
O
Z
o

(J1
1
TI
c
0
-s
c
-s
n>
n
.^*
__j
















-------
COMPOUND:



 STRUCTURE:
                                  o
                                  II
                             HINT
NH
FORMULA:
    MOL. WT.
                                                       151.13
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0
75
0.48
0.98
pH 7 and 9 pooled
120
0.40
0.98




ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
230
75
25
8.0
300
120
49
20




       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED

                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON

                       Cf. mg/l
   GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
19



0.01
51
4.7


0.001
130
13
1.2

C0, mg/l
1.0
O.I
0.01


8.2
2.0
0.5

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.



ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 247 run




REMARKS:
                                   212

-------
    COMPOUND:
.10, Of





1000






100







10
l°~1










































































































•*





















*



















_^
t^
X


















^»
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s

















^^


s*
















-~l





















•B
w


X*







































.!
-f

•T
•j

















•>.
-to>^-
. '^



















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r



















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j




















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z
o
to
oc
 E
 o»
o
ui
eo


O
(A
O



0>

E
                                                                 100
                       RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150


• PH=3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.87
8.70
7.93
6.00
2.83
1.22
0.77



1.17
1.94
3.87
7.04
8.65
9.10



234
194
155
141
87
61


• pH=7 o
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.92
8.53
7.34
4.76
1.30
0.54
0.25



1.39
2.58
5.16
8.62
9.38
9.67



278
258
206
172
94
64


* PH= g>0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.88
8.40
7.21
4.86
1.47
0.49
0.24



1.48
2.67
5.02
8.41
9.39
9.64



296
267
201
168
94
64


                                 213

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
                Heptachlor
FORMULA:  C10H5C17
 MOL. WT.
373.5
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
1220
0.95
0.78








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
1220
140
15
1.7








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
6.6



0.01
64
5.9


0.001
580
57
5.2

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


0.8
0.7
0.7

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:      Solvent  extraction - G. C.
REMARKS:

-------
          POUND:
Heptachlor
I
"i
6
5
4
3
2
I
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
q
g
7
fi
s
4
3
?
|







100








10






1.0




















^






















**














































j*






















— t






















• -
JJ-^*"
,^^ 	






















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x^-























X-























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1























X























-'























•






















^-^
•



















•

I —
•






















**























*•























•*






















,.^^


































































































































„ 1 ,2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 345678
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1
























\
.0
O
CD
Of.
 E
 CB
O
LU
CO

O

O
o>
E
                           RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf),  mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5
7.5
10
12.5


• PH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/fA
0.169
0.0368
0.0353
0.0311
0.0217
0.0137
0.0058



0.1322
0.1337
0.1379
0.1473
0.1553
0.1632



132
53.5
27,6
19.6
15.5
13.1


PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/H



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                     215

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
Heptachlor epoxide
                                  QICI
FORMULA.
                           MOL. WT.
                                                        389.32
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
n.i
0.01
0.001
PH
5.3
1038
0.70
0.98








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
1038
210
41
8.3








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
                          GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
4.3



0.01
24
2.2


0.001
120
12
1.1

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


1.0
0.5
0.2

 (a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

 ANALYTICAL METHOD:    Solvent extraction - G. C.


REMARKS:
                                   216

-------
          POUND:
                       Heptachlor epoxide
      100
 I  i
^  6
eo
Of

O   2
O)

E
      10
oloooi2
            3  4 5
                              3  4  56
                                     .'<)<
                                               3  4
2   3  4 5 6 IT
         V
                          RESIDUAL CONC (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5
10
20
25


• "H= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
0.0985
0.0279
0.0072;
0.0020'
0.00122
0.00057
0.0004'



0.0706
0.0912
0.0965
0.0973
0.0979
0.0981



70.6
36.5
19.3
9.73
4.90
3.92


PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                    217

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE.
                Hexachlorobenzene
FORMULA-
 MOL WT  284.78
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
PH
5.3
450
0.60
0.94








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
450
no
28
7.1








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
8.0



0.01
35
3.2


0.001
140
14
1.3

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


2.2
1.0
0.4

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Solvent Extraction - G.C.


REMARKS:
                                   218

-------
POUND: 	Hexachlnrnhpn/pne
I
6
5
4
§ '
80 2
£tf 2
<
u
E I
o> 5
\ 6
S
s '
8 >
0
<
°> i
E J
S s
< «
2
1
o.ooc







in








1.0






0.1








































































4f























































































jS~






















-.4.























s























/















































Jtf






















?/






















/
m






















s





















•
s
i




















i
,























s



















^s*
s
S'





























































































































































2 34567891 2 34567691 2 3456789 3456781
001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0 01
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
0.025
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
* x 103

• PH= 5.3
Cf* C0-Cf=X* X/M
0.7R3
0.597
0.492
0.409
0.254
0.120
0.079



0.156
0.261
0,344
0.499
0.633
0.674



6.24
5.22
3.44
2.50
2.11
1.6Q


pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                       219

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
Hexachlorobutadiene
                        Cl      Cl
                               Cl
                         c = c —c
                        Cl
                       Cl     Cl
FORMULA:
               C4C16
                             MOL WT.
                                          260.76
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
n.m
0.001
PH

258
0.45
1.00








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
258
91
32
11








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
                           GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
48



0.01
150
14


0.001
430
43
3.9

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


3.9
1.1
0.3

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:     G. C.  Purge and Trap


REMARKS:
                                   220

-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON


































































U1

o
o
0
ro
o

CO













ro
CO
VO
O
O
CO
O
CO
•VJ

CO
rv,













io
no
0
o
o
10
oo

3
CTI













VO

o
o
DO
O
O
rv>

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CO
CO













o

— 1
o
o
o


















£5
V
1 °

n
n
o
1
_p
~7i
x
X
Be
-£?
r»
o
n
M
X
X
5
n
o
o
n
ii
X
X
\





X
II

CO



•o
X
II





•o
X
n


o
o
0 *
o »
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JO
m ~
t/t
o
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|p«* v^1
r>o^
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\








































































































































D

























COMPOUND: Hexachlorobutadiene

-------
 COMPOUND:

  STRUCTURE:
     Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Cl
                             \
                            Cl
                                             Cl
                                          \
                                        Cl
 FORMULA:
                 C5C16
                                             Cl
                                 MOL. WT.
                                              272.77
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
370
0.17
0.99








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
370
250
180
112








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
           Cf, mg/l
                                            GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
Co- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
3.6



0.01
5.9
0.54


0.001
8.9
0.88
0.08

Co-
1.
mg/l
0
0.1
0.
01


2
0
0
.7
.40
.06

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:    G.  C.  Purge and Trap


REMARKS:
                                   222

-------
     COMPOUND:
      in  nnn	
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Z
o
oo
oc
 E
 o>
CQ
at

O
O)

E
      000
     10
  0.601
3  <  567Q89dl    2  3  4  567^



             RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
                            456789

                                   .0
3  4  5 67891

       10

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.54
2.31
3.08
3.85
4.62
5.38


• PH= 5.3
Cf C0-C,=X X/M
0.800
0.327
0.159
0.074
0.031
0.017
0,004



0.473
0.641
0.726
0.769
0.783
0.796



307
278
236 .
200
170
148


pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                   223

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
Hexachloroethane
                                Cl   Cl
                          Cl—C—C—Cl
                               Cl   Cl
FORMULA:
               C2C16
                             MOL WT.
                                        236.74
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
96.5
0.38
0.93








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
97
41
17
7.2








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
                            GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
20



0.01
60
5.3


0.001
140
14
1.3

Co. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


10
2.5
0.6

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:   G.C.  Purge and  Trap


REMARKS:  Compound  contained an impurity which was estimated  to be
            20% using integrated areas  from computer output.
                                   224

-------
z
o
CD
at
 E
 o>
CO
Of.
O
  0.
COMF
1000



100




10





1.0
•ou















Nl















3:















Hpxarhlnroethane











^





























	 -1















^















^















x















x-















--














•^
T














^















^^














^«














•
x-'








t)01 2 3 5 S7<*!001 2 3 4 567M0.01 2 34567
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l





,*
^^"^














^«-
^















r















Le
4






























••'











b'.i 3 4 5b7f.s(i

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
9.6
19.2
38.5
58
96
192


• pH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
0.974
0.484
0.051
0.014
0.011
0.002
0.0010



0.490
0.923
0.960
0.963
0.972
0.973



50.9
48.0
?5.0
16.7
10.1
5.06


pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                              225

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
Hexamethvlenedi ami ne
                              H
                               i
                              N-(CH9)
                               i        *
                              H
FORMULA:
           C6H16N2
                              H
                              i
                            -N

                              H

                            MOL WT. II6-12
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l




pH












ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm












       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                      Of, mg/l
                           GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l




















C0. mg/l









(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total  Organic Carbon

REMARKS:   Not adsorbed
                                  226

-------
     COMPOUND-   Hexamethyl enedi ami ne








































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891
















































































































































3 4567 91
z
o
to
ee,
<
u

E
o>
CO
oe.

O
CO

O
o>
E
                         RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf),  mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200

pH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
12.2
11.4
11.2
10.6
11.6
10.6
11.4
12.0



















pH= 7.01
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
11.8
11.8
11.2
11.2
12.0
11.4
12.0
11.0



















PH= 8.95
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
11.6
11.4
13.2
11.6
11.4
11.0
11.2
10.6



















                                  227

-------
COMPOUND:   Hydroquinone

 STRUCTURE:
                              HO-
-OH
FORMULA:
            C6H6°2
 MOL. WT.   110'12
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1 0
6!l
0.01
pH
3.0
90
0.25
0.92








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
160
90
51
29








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                      Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
i .n
0.1
0.01

0.1
1R



0.01
35
3.2


0.001
fi2
6.2
0.56

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


11
2.0
0.3

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at pH 3.

ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 288 nm

REMARKS: Hydroquinone is unstable at pH 7 and 9: colored products  are formed,
                                  228

-------


















































CJ1
0
o
.£»


IO
CD

2
















O
o
o
-•g


ID
co

CO
CO
















en
o
CO
.pi


CD
CD

LO
















N)
CD
CD


co
-e»

CO
CD















O
00
^J


_•
CO

co
0















en
CD
_i


o
UD


0















0
O
O
0





















OB
3 O
\
n
"*"

n
o
I
n
n
x
X
5
T
n
o
n
n
X
X
*v»
r\
n
o

n
n
X
X
\





•o
X
n
co
o



•^
X
II






•o
X
II


            X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
  o _
30
m
   -
z° -
p

"n
3
(O
 o -
                                   O
                                   o
                                   o
38
                                                   c
                                                   z
                                                   a
                                                    a.

                                                    o
                                                   .o
                                                    o
                                                    3
                                                    fD

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
Isophorone
                             CH3
                   H H
FORMULA:
              CgH-140
                              MOL. WT.
                                         138.21
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10.0
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
5.5
32
0.39
0.93








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
78.3
32.0
13.1
5.4








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
                             GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
i n
0.1
0.01

0.1
7f)



0.01
190
17


0.001
460
46
4.2

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


31
7.6
1.9

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:    Total  Carbon


REMARKS:
                                   230

-------
X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
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-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
               Methylene chloride
                                  Cl
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FORMULA:
             CH2Cl2
 MOL. WT.
            84.94
FREUNOLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
5.8
1.30
1.16
0.96








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
19.0
1.3
0.09
0.006








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
10.000



0.01
>100.000
14,000


0.001
>100.000
>100,000
21.000

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


770
1,100
1,700

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:   G-c- ' Pur9e and Trap


REMARKS.
                                  232

-------
     COMPOUND:  Methylene  chloride
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COMPOUND.

  STRUCTURE:
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FORMULA:
Cl
Cll p "1 M
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NH2
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NH2
MOl, WT.
                                       264.28
FREUNOLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
7.5
190
0.64
0.90








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
820
190
43
10








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
                          GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
21
_
_

0.01
99
9.0
_

0.001
440
43
3.9

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


5.3
2.3
1.0

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 240 nm

REMARKS:  OSHA  regulated  carcinogen.
                                  234

-------
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 STRUCTURE:
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CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
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100
150
200

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12,6
12.2
11.2
12.2
13.2
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                                 237

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
 Naphthalene
FORMULA:
ClOH8
MOL. WT.
                                                         128.18
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.6
132
0.42
0.96








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
132
50
19
7.3








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
                           GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, rng/1
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
18



0.01
52
4.7


0.001
140
13
1.2

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


7.6
2.0
0.5

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:   Ultraviolet Spectroscopy  275.5 nm.


REMARKS:
                                   238

-------
UNO:
                          Naphthalene
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CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
20
25
50
75
100
125
150
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• PH=5.6
C, C0-Ct=X X/M
8.
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74
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0.31
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1.33
2.55
4.10
4.59
7.37
7.76
7.92
7.87


388
266
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205
184
147
104
79
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                                       239

-------
COMPOUND:  ° " Naphthp1

 STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
          C10H8°
 MOL WT.
144.2
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
All data pooled
180
0.32
0.90








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
370
180
85
41








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
c0. mg/i
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
10



0.01
23
2,1


0.001
48
4.7
0.43

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


5.7
1.2
0.2

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 286 nm

REMARKS:

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                          RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf),  mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5
10
25
35


• pH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.89
9.49
9.07
8.22
7.13
3.72
2.65



0.40
0.82
1.67
2.67
6.17
7.24



400
328
334
276
247
207

	
• PH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.88
9.50
8.96
8.00
6.39
3.73
1.64



0.38
0.92
1.88
3.49
6.15
8.24



380
368
376
349
246
235


A PH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.96
9.59
9.14
8.16
6.77
3.62
1.91 •



0.37
0.82
1.80
3.19
6.70
8.05



370
328
360
319
268
230


                                   241

-------
COMPOUND:

  STRUCTURE:
R -  Napht.hnl
                             IOIO
 FORMULA:
                              MOL. WT.
                                                      144.2
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
All data pooled
200
0.26
0.89








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gro
360
200
110
59








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
                            GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. rng/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
8.4



0.01
17
1.5


0.001
31
3.0
0.28

CQ, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


5.1
1.0
0.2

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 273 nm


REMARKS:
                                  242

-------
g - Naphthol




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                    . (Cf),  mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
20
30
40


• PH=3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.77
8.90
8.09

4.74
3.12
1.94



0.87
1.68

5.03
6.65
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348
336

251
222
196

	
• pH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.73
8.87
7.85

4.16
2.21
0.90



0.86
1.88

5.57
7.52
8.83



344
376

279
250
221


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Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.73
8,80
7.81
6.75
4.12
1.96




0,93
1.92
2.98
5.61
7.77




372
384
298
281
259



             243

-------
COMPOUND:  a -  Naphthylamine

 STRUCTURE.
                                  IMH
FORMULA:
 MOL. WT.   14?  18
FREUNOLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
3.0
140
0.25
0.98
pH 7 and 9 pooled
160
0.34
0.98




ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
250
140
79
44
360
160
75
34




       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
12



0.01
29
2.6


0.001
64
6.3
0.58

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


6.1
1.3
0.3

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet  Spectroscopy 304 nm


REMARKS:  OHSA regulated carcinogen

-------
                                                    X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
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COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
g-Naphthylamine
FORMULA:
                              Colo
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FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
7.5
150
0.30
0.94








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
300
150
75
37








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)

            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON   GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
                       C-f, mg/l
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
12



0.01
26
2.4


0.001
53
5.2
0.5

CQ. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


6.7
1.3
0.3

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Ultraviolet  Spectroscopy 285 nm

REMARKS:    OSHA regulated  carcinogen.
                                  246

-------
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1
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                         RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
                                                                        10

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.1
2.1
4.1
10.8
21.7



• P»= 7.5
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
1.4
1.24
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0.78
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1.32




151
142
152
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-------
COMPOUND:  P  -  Nltroanlllne

 STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
 MOL WT.
                                                        138.13
FREUNOLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
All data pooled
140
0.27
0.98








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
250
140
74
40








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
12



0.01
25
2.3


0.001
48
4.7
0.43

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


7.4
1.4
0.2

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Visible Spectroscopy 380  nm


REMARKS:
                                  2kB

-------
p - Nitraarn'llne
1
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     RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf),  mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200

• PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
q,M
8.37
7.75
4.92
1 .29
0.34
0.08



1.47
2.09
4.92
8.55
9.50
9.76



294
209
197
171
95
65


• pH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
Q 89
8.64
7.89
5.03
1.24
0.28
0.1?
0.01


1.25
2.00
4.86
8.65
9.61
9.77
9.88


250
200
194
173
Qfi
fiR
49

A PH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10,0
a. 71
7.85
4.94
1.39
n ?R
n -p
0.03


1 ?Q
2.15
5.06
8.61
9.75
q 87
9.97


?Rfi
?15
?n?
17?
98
66
50

              249

-------
COMPOUND:


 STRUCTURE:
              Nitrobenzene
FORMULA:
             C,HcNno
             bo  c
 MOL. WT.   1 ?3.11
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
7.5
68
0.43
0.97








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
180
68
25
9.3








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED

                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON

                       Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
36



0.01
no
9.6


0.001
290
28
2.6

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


15
4.0
1.1

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.


ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.



REMARKS:
                                   250

-------
     COMPOUND:  Nltrnhpnrpne
O
CD
at
<
u

E
O)
CO
Ot

O
O)
E
1
6
5
4
3
2
1
7
6
5
4
3
i
1
9
7
6
5
4
3
2
o.i







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tooi 2 3 4 b'.btff 2 3 4 5 V.8di 2 3 4 5 6 6

























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-r

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3 45678

























6
                       RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1
2.5
5
10
25
50
75

• PH= 7.5
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
0.250
0.208
0.149
0.130
0.089
0.0115
0.002
0.0009


0.042
0.101
0.120
0.162
0.239
0.248
0.249


42.0
40.4
24,0
16.2
9.54
4.9fi
3.3?

PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                251

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE.
4 - Nitrobiphenyl
                                          NO.
FORMULA.
                              MOL. WT.   199.21
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
7.0
370
0.27
0.98








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
690
370
200
110








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
                            GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
4.5



0.01
9.3
0.8


0.001
18
1.7
0.2

C0, mg/l
i n
0.1
0.01


2.7
0.5
0.1

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:    Ultraviolet Spectres copy 325  nm

REMARKS:     OSHA regulated carcinogen
                                   252

-------
 z
 o
 BO
 Of.
 <
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  E
  o»
 CO
 CK

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X
1
7
6
5
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RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l











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-




9 2 3456791
.0 10

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
n
1.0
2 5
5.0
7.5
10.0
1?.5


• PH= 7 Q
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
i fi?n
1.30
0.800
0.260
0.082
n.nfid
o.n?7



0.370
0.870
1.410
1.588
1 .fiOfi
1 fid 3



370
348
282
212
Ifil
131


pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                                 253

-------
COMPOUND:   2-Nitrophenol

 STRUCTURE:
FORMULA.
            .co
            o 5  3
 MOL. WT.   139-11
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
n ni
0.001
pH
3.0
101
0.26
0.99
5.5
99
0.34
0.97
9.0
85
0.39
0.97
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
101
56
31
17
99
46
21
9.6
85
35
14
5.7
       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
20



0.01
47
4.3


0.001
100
10
1 .0

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


10
2.2
0.5

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 278.6 nm


REMARKS:
                                   25**

-------
     COMPOUND
     10,000
o
CO
at.
<
u

E
at
GO
at

O
o>
E
Ir.-i
             3456 7A91,     2   3456 7|8_^     2   3456 7 .S J 1



                          RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
15
?*
50
fiO
75
100
125
150
200
??5
250
500
• pH=3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
19.03
17.74
17.00
15.79
14 ^
10.09
8 *}Q
6.95
4.34
2.00
0.70
0.02

1.29
2.03
3.24
4 7n
8.94
10 44
12.08
14.69
17.03
18.33
19. 01

258
203
216
l«ft
179
174
iei
147
114
92
38
• pH= 5.5
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
18.20

15.74
1? ?Q
7.28
4.26
3.84
2.35
1.31
0.51
n 37
0.27
n.i?


2.46
4 01
10.92
13.94
14.36
15.85
lfi.89
17.69
17 .R3
17.93
18.08


246
IQfi
218
186
144
127
113
88
7Q
72
36
A pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
19.51

16.93
14 1«
8.36
6.13
4.89
3.13
2.34
0.87
n.fiR
0.53
0.27


2.58
5 33
11.15
13.38
14.62
16.38
17.17
18.64
1 R T R3
18.98
19. ?4


258
21-^
223
178
146
131
114
93
R4
76
38
                                   255

-------
COMPOUND:   4-NitrophenoT

 STRUCTURE:
FORMULA:
 MOL. WT.  139.11
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
3.0
80.2
0.17
0.86
5.4
76.2
0.25
0.92
9.0
71.2
0.28
0.93
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
80
54
37
25
76
43
24
14
71
38
20
11
       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
21



0.01
41
3.7


0.001
74
7.3
0.7

C0. mg/l
1.0
n.i
0.01


13
? 1
0.4

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 316.8 nm


REMARKS:
                                   256

-------
     COMPOUND:
     1.000
                   4-Nitrophenol
O
co
 E
 0)
eo
Of.
O
O)

E
    O'.Ol
                          RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
10
zo
25
30
40
50
60
75
100
125
150
200
300
400
500
• pH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
19.16
17.92
16.90

13.17
11.20
5.75
3.97
1.58
0.58
0.24
0.08
0.06

1.24
2.26

5.99
7.96
13.41
15.19
17.5ft
18.58
18.92
19.08
19.10

124
90

120
106
134
122
117
93
63
48
38
• pH= 5.4
C, C0-Cf=X X/M
21.34
19.25
\ti.63
18.27
\k&
13.41
11.60
10.41
8.31

1.44
0.15

2.09
3.01
3.07
3.99
5.31
7.93
9.74
10.93
13.03

19.90
21.19

209
IbO
123
133
133
159
162
146
130

99
42
A PH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
21.29
19.84
17.82

14.51
11.39
6.25
J:?8
1.18
0.84
0.57
0.28

1.45
3.47

6.78
9.90
15.04
]?:S
20.11
20.45
??:K

145
139

136
132
150
]?]
101
68
ft
                                   257

-------
COMPOUND-N_l Nl'trosodipheny1amine


 STRUCTURE:
                                        N
                                        i!
                                        o
           C19H1nN90
FORMULA:   12 1Q 2
 MOL. WT.   198.07
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
All data pooled
220
0.37
0.98








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
510
220
91
38








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED

                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON

                       Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
9.8



0.01
25
2.3


0.001
60
5.9
0.54

C0, mg/l
i.n
0.1
0.01


d fi
1.1
0.3

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.


ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Ultraviolet  Spectroscopy 290 nm



REMARKS:
                                    258

-------
                                                         X/M, mg  ADSORBED / gm CARBON
                                              o  -
NJ

Ul




































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-------
COMPOUND: N-Nltrc
STRUCTURE:




FORMULA- 6 14 2
jsoch -n-propy I ami ne
0
tl
N
i
H?C3 - N - C3H7
MOl WT 130.19
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
All Data Pooled
24.4
0.26
0.87








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
24
13
7.4
4.0








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
67



0.01
130
12


0.001
250
24
2.2

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


42
7.7
1.4

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 232.4 nm


REMARKS:
                                  260

-------
o
co
ee.
<
u

E
o»
CO
Of,

O
o>
E
     COMPOUND
     i,non
                    N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
     .oi
                567891
  2   3  4567891

0.1          1.0
2   3  4  5 6 7 
-------
COMPOUND: P - Nonylphenol

 STRUCTURE:
                                    (CH2)8CH3
FORMULA:
 MOL. WT.
                                                     220.34
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1 .1)
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0
53
1.04
0.97
7.0
250
0.37
0.99
9.0
150
0.27
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
580
53
4.8
0.44
600
250
110
46
280
150
80
43
       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
8.3



0.01
21
2.0


0.001
51
5.0
0.5

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


3.9
0.9
0.2

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 237 nm.   All samples
                     adjusted  to pH 12 for  U.V. measurement.
REMARKS:
                                  262

-------
COMPOUND: _P - Nonylphenol
                           7 « 91     2   3 4567891
                           0.1              1.0

                  RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
20
30
40
50

• pH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
2.34
2.08
1.85
1.50
1.06
0.85
0.78
0.72


0.26
0.49
0.84
1.28
1.49
1.56
1.62


104
98
84
64
50
39
32

• PH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
3.13
2.36
1.39
0.88
0.18
0.09
0.05
0.02


0.77
1.74
2.25
2.95
3.04
3.08
3.11


308
348
225
148
101
77
62

A PH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cj=X X/M
2,35

1.46
0.99
0.24
0.07
0.05
0.01



0.89
1.36
2.11
2.28
2.30
2.34



178
136
106
76
57
46

                          263

-------
COMPOUND:



  STRUCTURE:
                     1221
FORMULA: CJL2!!m
C12H9C1  "  51%

   CM pi    QO
-------
                                                                    X/M, mg ADSORBED /  gm CARBON
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-------
STRUCTURE:
c
J

Cl2H9cl 31%
Cl2H7cl3 28%
FORMULA- C12H8C12 24%

u *
Q> ©-
1
Cl


Cl
XQ>

MOL. WT. .


©•
1
Cl
^ 232.2

Cl
l_
-^§)
1232

FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
i n
n i
0.01
n nrn
PH

630
0.73
0.98








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
fi?n
12n
22
4 n








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
                              GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1 0
0.1
0.01

n i
7 7



n m
45
4.1


n.nm
24<"i
?4
2.2

C0. mg/l
1 n
0.1
0.01


1 fi
0.8
0.5

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:      Solvent - extraction - G.C.
REMARKS:
Structures  shown are for major components,
                                   266

-------
WOND!
                      PCB -1232
GO
DC

o
I
i
6
4
• i
>
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i
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1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 3456789 34 68^"
0.0001 0.001 0.01 01 10
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
1.0
2.5
5
in
25
50
100
isn
250
500
• PH= 5.3
Cf C0-C,=X X/to
0.353
0.206
0.096
n.ndfi
n.nnfi
0.004
0.002
0.001
n,ono5
0.0004
0.0001

0.147
0.257
n.3n7
0,347
0.349
0.351
0.352
n .^2
0.353
0.353

147
103
61 ,4
^4 7
13. Q
7.02
3.52
2.35
1.41
0.71
PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                 267

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
              Pentachlorophenol
FORMULA:
              CgHOCI,
                                             MOL WT
                                                         266'4
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0
260
0.39
0.98
7.0
150
0.42
0.98
9.0
100
0.41
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
630
260
110
44
380
150
55
21
260
100
39
15
       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
                                           GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
16



0.01
47
4.3


0.001
130
12
1.1

Co-
mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


6.9
1.8
0.5

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Ultraviolet  Spectroscopy 247 rim, basic  pH


REMARKS:
                                   268

-------
o
CQ
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CO
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RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l










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« 3 4 67foo

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
DH 3 pH 7
only PH 9
0 0
2.5 5
5 10
10 25
25 50
50 100
100 150
150 POO
• pH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M

9.23
7.82
6.37
4.90
1.20
0.44




1.41
2.86
4.33
8,03
8.79




564
572
433
321
176


• pH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M

9.23
8.18
6.85
3.77
1.09
0.31
0.22



1.75
3.08
6.16
8.84
9.62
9.71



350
308
246
177
96
65

A pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M

9.95
8.70
7.79
5.42
1.95
0.63-
0.34
0.24


1.25
2.16
4.53
8.00
9.32
9.61
9.71


250
216
181
160
93
64
49
                                              269

-------
 COMPOUND:

  STRUCTURE:
             Phenanthrene
           C  H
 FORMULA:   14 10
  MOL. WT.
          178.24
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
R 3
215
0.44
0.98








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
215
78
29
10








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
11



0.01
34
3.1


0.001
95
9.4
0.9

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


4.7
1.3
0.3

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.


REMARKS:
                                  270

-------
                      Phenanthrene
O
eo
at
<
u

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Q
LU
ED


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3
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j
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6
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0.6001 2 3 4 'o'.bfl 2 3 ' 56o7.8o9i 2 3 4 5676!i 3 4 5678Vo
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
7.5
10
12.5
15
17.5
20
25
• pH= 5.3
Cf C0-C,=X X/M
0.370
0.147
0.196
0.0133
0.0112
0.0108
0.0049
0.0033
0.0022

0.223
0.350
0.357
0.359
0.359
0.365
0.367
0.368

89.2
46.7
35,7
28.7
23.9
20.9
18.3
14.7
pH=
Cf C0-C,=X X/M



























pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                       271

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
Phenol
FORMULA:
                             MOL. WT.  94.11
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
All data pooled
21
0.54
0.89








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
74
21
6.0
1.7








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
                           GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
150



0.01
570
52


0.001
2,000
200
18

C0.
mg/l
1.0
n i
0.01


47
17
5.8

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet  Spectroscopy 288 nm


REMARKS:
                                   272

-------
Z
o
eo
Of.
 E
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CO
Of

O
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E
i
6
5
4
3
2
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9
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
I
6
5
4
3
2
1
0.
,WOUND:






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2 34567891 2 34567891 2 345678
01 0.1 1.0









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n
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91 2 34567891
10 100
                          RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200

• pH= 3.0
Cf C0-C,=X X/M
9.84
9.40
8.96
8.27
7.12
5.27
3.80
2.35


0.44
0.88
1.57
2.72
4.57
6.04
7.49


88
88
63
54
46
40
37

• pH= 7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.80
9.36
9.06
R.?4
7.24
5.36
3.74
2.15


0.44
0.74
1 .Rfi
2.56
4.44
6.06
7.65


88
74
62
51
44
40
38

A pH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
9.96

9.26
8.17
7.26
5.27
3.75
2.45



0.70
1.79
2.70
4.69
6.21
7.51



70
72
54
47
41
38

                                    273

-------
COMPOUND:


 STRUCTURE:
Phpnvlmprnin'r
                                           O
                                           ii
                                  g-0-C-CH3
FORMULA:
                              MOL. WT.  336.74
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
3.0 and 7.0 pooled
270
0.44
0.99
9.0
130
0.54
0.99




ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
740
270
97
35
440
130
37
11




       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED

                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON

                        Cf, mg/l
                             GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
q ?



0.01
?R
?.R


0.001
77
7,7
0.70

C0.
mg/l
1.0


n 1
0.01


3.7
1 n
0.3

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.


ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Atomic Adsorption:   Hg



REMARKS:
                                   274

-------
 X/M, mg ADSORBED /  gm CARBON
i_o ^ cn ff»~-4OO**—*
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ro
o
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cn
cn
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CO
ro
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ro
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RESIDUAL CC
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•\. Phenvlmercuric acetate

-------
COMPOUND:  Styrene

 STRUCTURE:
                                   H=CH
FORMULA:
             C8H8
 MOL. WT.   104.14
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
PH
All data pooled
120
0.56
0.98








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
440
120
33
9.0








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. «ng/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
27



0.01
110
9.8


0.001
400
39
3.6

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


8.3
3.0
1.1

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 245 nm


REMARKS:
                                   276

-------
o
eo
Of
 E
 o>
to
ee
O
 at
 E
t
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
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1000








100







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2 34567891 2 34567891 Z 34567891 2 3456781
01 o." i.o 10 loo
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
25
50
100
150
200

• PH= 3.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/N(
6.45

3.43
2.25
0.70
0.30

0.07



3.02
4.20
5.75
6.15

6.38



302
168
115
62

31

• PH=7.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
5.50

3.20
2.30
0.58
0.25
0.18




2.30
3.20
4.92
5.25
5.32




230
128
98
53
36


A PH= 9.0
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
5.75
4.17

1.70
0.70

0.10
0.10


1.58

4.05
5.05

5.65
5.65


316

162
101

38
29

                                             277

-------
COMPOUND-     1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

 STRUCTURE:
                           H

                          l	 LI
                          r     il
                                Cl    Cl
FORMULA:
C2H2C14
MOL. WT.
                                                       167.85
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
10.6
0.37
0.96








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
11
4.5
1.9
0.8








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       C-f, mg/l
                              GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
360



0.1
940
90


0.001
2200
220
20

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


95
22
5.3

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:    G.C.  Purge and Trap


REMARKS:
                                   278

-------
     COMPOUND:
1,1 ,,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
z
o
oo
o*
 E
 at
o
111
03


O


O
a>

E
I
6
5
4
3
2
I
6
5
4
3
2
1
a
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1







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91 345678
.0
























10
                          RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf),  mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
96
192
385
580
769



• PH= 5.3
Cf C0-C,=X X/M
1.000
J.382
).065
D.014
).013
D.0042




0.618
0.935
0.986
0.987
0.9958




6.42
4.86
2.56
1.70
1.30



pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                   279

-------
COMPOUND:


 STRUCTURE:
Tetrachloroethene (Tetrachloroethvlene)
                          Cl
                          Cl
              \
              /
                               c=c
/Cl
FORMULA.
               C2C14
                            MOL. WT.
                                      165.83
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
50.8
0.56
0.96








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
51
14.0
3.9
1.1








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON

                      Cf. mg/l
                          GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
64



o.m
260
23


n.nm
940
93
8.5

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


20
7.1
2.6

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.


ANALYTICAL METHOD:   6.C. Purge and Trap



REMARKS:
                                 280

-------
     AROUND:
Tetrachloroethene  (Tetrachloroethylene)
O
CO
oc
 E
 O)
O
ui
CO
Of

O
CO
O
O)
E







100








10







1.0
















































«
























x
























x























U






















•^
X*






















X






















ri
^















































_rf
























x
























^























,•
./
	 , —























j>























•
X























x
























^

























































































































































































|Q1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,81 p., 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4.1 , 2 345678-91 2 34567,
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

























I'

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
19
38
58
96
192
288


• pH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/to
1.000
0.313
0.213
0.114
0.100
0.016
0.007



0.687
0.787
0.886
0.900
0.984
0.993



35.8
20.4
15.4
9.36
5.12
3.44


pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/N(



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/to



























                                    28]

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
            1,2,3,4 - Tetrahydronaphthalene
FORMULA:  C10H12
 MOL WT.   132.21
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
7.4
74
0.81
0.97








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
480
74
11
1.7








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                        Cf. mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
78



0.01
560
51


0.001
3,600
360
33

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


14
8.8
5.7

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:Ultraviolet Spectroscopy  264 nm


REMARKS:
                                   282

-------
     COMPOUND:  1.2.3.4 - Tetrahydronaphthalpne
O
eo
at
 E
 o>
CD
Of

O
WO
a
o>
E
i n nnn







1000








TOO







10






































































































































































































/























/























\
s























\s






















i
/























•,'





















/

. ^






















/























/
/
m























\t






















i

























/























'/
/






















/
j

































































































































































1 I 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34 678
.01 0.1 1.0 10 10°
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
10
9*
50
100
150
200

• PH= 7.36
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
10.00
7.8
5.9
4 ^
3.2
1.5
0.70
0.50


2.20
4.10
R yn
6.80
8.50
9.30
9.50


440
410
??«
136
85
fi?
47.5

pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                    283

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
              Thymine
                               OH
                           HQ|*N!
FORMULA:
                                           MOL. WT.  126.11
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
10
1.0
0.1
0.01
pH
All data pooled
27
0.51
0.91








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/giti
89
27
8.5
2.6








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg/l
                                          GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

O.T
110



0.01
380
34


0.001
1200
120
11

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


36
12
3.8

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 264 nm


REMARKS:
                                  284

-------
                                                  X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
N>
CO
U1












ro
0
0
ro
«
^
CO
cn
CO
UD

00
co
co
ro
cn
cn
cn
co
CO
cn
o
CO
O
-P.
^
o
5
ro
~j
CO
CO
js»
co
cn
cn
CTV
cn
__i
•F»
00
O
o
•e*
ro
ro
cn
CO
CO
cn
CO
CO
CT>
cn
-Fa
cn
cn
co
ro
cn
co
cn
O
cn
O
Co
^
O
ro
CO
0
cn
CO
ro
-F»
ro
CO
CO
cr>
o^
cn
co
00
O
ro

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
                  Toluene
FORMULA.
 MOL. WT.
                                                        92.14
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.6
26.1
0.44
0.89








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
26
9.4
3.4
1.2








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
n.i
0.01

0.1
96



0.01
290
71


0.001
820
Rl
7.4

C0, mg/l
1.0
n.i
0.01


38
11
2.9

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:   Ultraviolet Spectroscopy  208.8  nm.


REMARKS:
                                   286

-------
     COMPOUND:
Toluene
 E
 o>
O
111
CO
of
O

o
o>
E







100








10






1.0















































































































f
*•






















*^
, '






















x-'






















-*














































x






















x 1
1



















fff
^^
~r •












































X








































































































































































































































1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891 345678
.1 1.0 10 100 1,(
























300
                          RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf),  mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5
in
25
sn
75
100
150
200
350
500
• pH= 5.6
C, C0-Cf=X X/M
18.48
18.07
17.Bfi
16.70
n ?n
11.00
10.33
8.36
7.65
3.67
1.71

0.41
n.Q?
1.78
B ?«
7.48
8.15
10.12
10.83
14.81
16.77

82
Q?
71.2
IOB ^
99 ..7
81.5
67.5
54.2
42.3
33.5
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                    287

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
                1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
FORMULA:
W1?
MOL. WT.
181.45
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
157
0.31
0.84








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
157
77.6
38.4
19.0








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
                           GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
12



0.01
26
2.3


0.001
52
5.2
0.5

C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


6.4
1.3
0.3

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:    Ultraviolet Spectroscopy  226.5  nm.


REMARKS:
                                   288

-------
                                                      X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
CO

\}— — *
Oon

DO
30 CO

31 en
/JCO


sJijD
jO ^^J
oro















^ — -j
S3 O
J1 O
=> O
> en
Ti CO

jn -P>
Tl CO


—i _J
— J .pa
T> en















^j er
en c

o — '

O















__J
o

^
"••^J
CM
oo
ro
en



CO
ro
en















en


CO
-pa
OJ
en
00



CO
-~J
01















ro
•
en
CO
^j
o>
ro
en



en
o
o















o


en
o
— t





















§2
CO jg

3 O
•^
n


n
0
1
n
n
X

X

5
_r»
n
o
i
o

n
X
X
• —
n
n
o

n
n
X
X
*^







•o
I
ii


en
co



•o
•x.
II





•o
I
II


                                                     u* J> in fft -J QptO —
—J




0>
^
CD°°
-D
2 ~
m
Ow
C ..

r~
O_.


n
"n ^
•*» _
3
\ „,



— -1
^-—j 10






	 i
C5
r~i —
O























































































































































































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^
i

































y
*























0
o










\
f
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\
\
_\_
\


































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\
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•E






























\
\
\
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1
1


































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O
O
o

















































































































































































































=>!
•
3:
3(
1

1































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3
$
0
c
Z
0





V*
ro
—\
O

o


rr>
nzene


















-------
COMPOUND:    1,1,1-Trichloroethane



 STRUCTURE.
                                 Cl    H




                              	p	/•»	u
                                 Vx    Vr    n
                                 Cl    H
FORMULA:
C2H3C]3
                               MOL. WT.
                                                          133.41
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
2.48
0.34
0.97








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
2.5
1.1
0.51
0.23








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED

                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON


                       Cf, mg/l
                              GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
800



0.01
1,900
180


0.001
4,300
430
39

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


400
90
20

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.




ANALYTICAL METHOD:     G.  C.  - Purge and Trap





REMARKS:
                                   290

-------
                                                          M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON

l-o

UD




























































ro
en
**o
ro

o
O
O
CO
o
10
^«O
C7^
en

O
CO
O
















to
ro
CO

O
O
O
00
o
<0
__l


o
en
S















_
—I
en
ps.

O
o
00
-p*
o
IO
en


0

j£















en
•^j
•**j


O
ro
CO
00
o
ro


	 ,
CO
ro















CO
3D
Jl


o
^s^
o
o
o


	 ,
<0
^















IO
en



o
en
OD
o
ro
CO



ro
^,
"^















o




o
0
o






















0°
VI **^
T^
&3
3 O
•x.
o


o
1
•*»
II
^<

X
z
n
o
n
n
X
x
\
n
n
o

o
ii
X
X
\








•o
I
II

en
CO



•o
I
II





•o
I
II


                                             o
                                             o
                                           a
                                           c
                                           o
                                           O
                                           Z
                                           r>


                                           "cl
                                           3
                                           
-------
STRUCTURE:



Cl
ci— c-

Cl
-C — H
                                 H     H
FORMULA:
 MOL. WT.
              133.41
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
5.81
0.60
0.97








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
5.8
1.4
0.36
0.09








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. nag/1
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
620



0.01
2,700
250


0.001
11,000
IJOO
99

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


170
69
28

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:   G.C.  Purge and Trap


REMARKS:
                                   292

-------
 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
1
0
I
6
5
4
g '
60 2
ot
<
u
c i
• 1
\ «
2 «
S »
8 »
Q
<
o) ;
E !
6
^ ;
X
3
2
1
W"





10







1.0








0.1






































































s























s























i






















^





















m v
^^
^




















/
^r




















i
s






















1






















r






















s














































f*
•





















•
^x






















^
^






















/














































s























y






















^





















































































































































































8d!oi   2   3  4  SS7l61.i
      RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l
1.0           10

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
192
385
769
1154
1923
3846


• pH= 5.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
1.000
0.271
0.230
0.110
0.041
0.013
0.006



0.729
0.770
0.890
0.959
0.987
0.994



3.79
2.00
1.16
0.831
0.513
0.258


L pH=
Cf C0-C|=X X/M



























pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























               293

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
Trichloroethene   (Trichloroethylene)
           ci

           CI
                                ,
                               X
FORMULA:
                            MOL WT.
                                         131.39
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
28.0
0.62
0.99








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
28
6.7
1.6
0.38








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
             SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON

                        Cf, mg/l
                           GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
n.m

0.1
130



0.01
620
56


0.001
2,600
260
23

GO- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


36
15
6.3

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.


ANALYTICAL METHOD:   G. C.   Purge and  Trap


REMARKS:
                                    23k

-------
                                                           X/M, mg ADSORBED / gm CARBON
s>
V£>
VJ1
























en
o
O
O
cn
no
O
o
IN3
cn
en






rv>
CO
IO
o
0
CO
cn
O
IO
CM
en
CO
CO
cn






10
O
CM
O
jO
00
0






o
— '
o
o
o









CARBON
DOSE mg/l

n
n
o
1
n
"7i
x
X
5
_n
n
o
n
Ti
X
X
\
n
n
0
_n
~7i
X
X
•v.




T>
X
II
en
CO

•o
I
II


•o
z
II

                                              TO
                                              m
                                              t/>

                                              O
                                              C
Ct
O
Z
n
                                              3
                                              (O
o
o
ro
ijj
&.
ui
m
Oo.
o-
o
ro
L/l
o*
o^
• °°
<->-
fSJ
L*t
U1
»l
-J
o,0


at
"si
i^^t-*
o


































































rN





























\





























\






























S
v




















--
o








{
K
v
11
--A-
^s





























y
\






























A






























\
s






























k
\





























































^







o





















s
\
\



























































































































































_J
a
c


-


























COMPOUND- Trichloroethene (Trichloroethylene)

-------
COMPOUND:


 STRUCTURE:
Trichlorofluoromethane
                                   Cl
                                  -c-
                                    I
                                   Cl
                         Cl
FORMULA:
CC13F
                             MOL WT.
                                                         137.4
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
5.3
5.6
0.24
0.90








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
5.6
3.2
1.8
1.1








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED

                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON

                       Cf, mg/l
                           GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
280



0.01
L 530
48


n.nm
930
92
8.4

Co, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


180
31
5.6

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.


ANALYTICAL METHOD:    6- C.  Purge and  Trap



REMARKS:
                                   296

-------
     COMPOUND:
      100
                     Trichlorofluoromethane
1
1

g

4
3

1
9

7
A



;>
1
I

e
5
4
3
?
1
0.







10.0








1.0







0.1
01 '















**~









J















*-









4















--









E















^









(

























> 7 8













f|
.-— -










«'.! 2













^ -
'










3













-^











4













•^





































6






































r "












1 8
1











_-•—
|
•











H 2
.0









n

























• _,
*^














4

























C









r-















e



















































8 9
1(

























1
3.0

























•

























4

























5

























6



















































8
1

























1
00
Z
o
 E
 at
a
LU
co

O
o»
E
                          RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
192
289
577
769
1154
1923


• pH= 5.3
C, C0-Cf=X X/M
5.000
3.27
2.68
1.98
1.31
0.138
0.056



1.73
?.3?
3.02
3.69
4.86
4.94



8.98
8.02
5.23
4.80
4.21
2.57


pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























PH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                   297

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
                  2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
FORMULA:
                  CfiHqOCl,
  MOL. WT
               197.45
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
3.0
219.0
0.29
0.97
6.0
155.1
0.40
0.94
9.0
130.1
0.39
0.98
ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
219.0
113.2
58.5
30.2
155.1
61.2
24.2
9.5
130.1
52.9
21.5
8.7
       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0- mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
15



0.01
41
3.7


0.001
105
10.4
0.9

C0, mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


6.4
1.6
0.4

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:    Ultraviolet Spectroscopy  312.6  nm.


REMARKS:
                                   298

-------
                        2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
O
CO

-------
COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
              Triethanolamine
                          N
                                   C2H4OH

                                   C2H4OH

                                   C2H4OH
FORMULA:
                                          MOL. WT. 1*9.19
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
pH












ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm















       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                     CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                      Cf. mg/l
                                        GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l




















C0. mg/l









(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Total Organic  Carbon

REMARKS:  Not  adsorbed
                                 300

-------
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COMPOUND:

 STRUCTURE:
                                   NH
FORMULA:
 MOL. WT.   H2.09
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL CONC. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
pH
All data pooled
11
0.63
0.82








ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
11
2.6
0.60
0.14








       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf, mg/l
GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

0.1
350



0.01
1,700
150


0.001
7rinn
710
64

C0. mg/l
1 n
0.1
0.01


31
38
17

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 258 nm


REMARKS:
                                  302

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100
150
200


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-------
 COMPOUND:

  STRUCTURE:
P-Xylene
 FORMULA
                                                       106.2

FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K

1/n
Corr. Coef. r
INITIAL
CONC. mg/l
10
1
0
0
.0
.1
.01
PH
7.3
85
0.19
0.93
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ADSORPTION CAPACITY, mg/gm
130
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       CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED
                      CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
            SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON
                       Cf. mg  I
                          GRANULAR CARBON COLUMN
C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01

1.0




0.1
15



0.01
24
2.2


C0. mg/l
1.0
0.1
0.01


12
1.9
0.3

(a) Carbon doses in mg/l at neutral pH.

ANALYTICAL METHOD:  Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 267 nm


REMARKS:
                                   304

-------
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b1

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
5.0
100
150
200




• PH= 7.3
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M
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11.6
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130
116
105
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                                       305

-------
                                REFERENCES

1.   Maugh, T. H. II.  Chemicals: How Many Are There?  Science, 199:162,
     1978.

2.   Shackelford, W. M., and L. H. Keith.  Frequency of Organic Compounds
     Identified in Water.  EPA-608/4-76-062, USEPA, Cincinnati, Ohio,
     December 1976.

3.   Linner, E. R., and R. A. Gortner.  Interfacial Energy and the
     Molecular Structure of Organic Compounds.  III. The Effect of Organic
     Structure on Adsorbability.  J. Phys. Chem., 39:35, 1935.

4.   Morris, J. C., and W. J. Weber, Jr.  Adsorption of Biochemically
     Resistant Materials from Solution, Part 1.  U. S. Public Health
     Service, AWTR-9, Report 999-WP-ll, 1964.

5.   Morris, J. C., and W. J. Weber, Jr.  Adsorption of Biochemically
     Resistant Materials from Solution, Part II.  U. S. Public Health
     Service, AWTR-16, Report 999-WP-33, 1966.

6.   Ward, T. M., and F. W. Getzen.  Influence of pH on the Adsorption
     of Aromatic Acids on Activated Carbon.  Environ. Sci. § Techno 1. ,
     4:(1)64, 1970.

7.   Aly, 0. M., and S. D. Faust.  Removal of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic
     Acid Derivatives from Natural Waters.  J. Am. Water Works Assn.,
     65:(2)221,  1965.

8.   Dedrick, R. L., and R. B. Beckman.  Kinetics of Adsorption by
     Activated Carbon from Dilute Aqueous Solution.  Chem. Engr. Progr.
     Symp. Ser., 63, 74, 1967.

9-   Weber, W. J., Jr., and J. P. Gould.  Organic Pesticides in the
     Environment.  Advan. Chem. Ser., 60.  R. F. Gould  (Ed.), Am.
     Chem. Soc., Washington, D. C., 1966.

10.   DiGiano, F. J., and W. J. Weber, Jr.  Technical Publication T-69-1.
     Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1969.

11.   El-Dib, M.  A., F. M. Ramadan, and M. Ismail.  Adsorption of Sevin
     and Baygon  on Granular Activated Carbon.  Water Research, 9:795,
     1975.
                                    306

-------
12.   Bernardin,  F.  E. ,  Jr.,  and E.  M.  Froelich.   Practical Removal of
     Toxicity by Adsorption.   Presented at the 30Th Annual Purdue
     Industrial  Wastes  Conference,  May 8-9, 1975, Purdue University,
     Lafayette,  Indiana.

13.   Lawrence, J.,  and  H.  M.  Tosine.   Adsorption of Polychlorinated
     Biphenyls from Aqueous  Solutions  and Sewage.  Environ.  Sci.  § Technol.
     10:381, 1976.

14.   Al-Bahrani, K. S. , and  R. J.  Martin.  Adsorption Studies Using Gas-
     Liquid Chromatography:   I. Effect of Molecular Structure. Water
     Research, 10:731,  1976.

15.   Argaman, Y.  Treatment  of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons' Wastewater
     By Activated Carbon Adsorption With Steam Regeneration.  Prog.
     Wat. Tech., 9:65,  1977.

16.   Singer, P.  C., and C. Yen.  Adsorption of Alkyl Phenols by
     Activated Carbon.   Activated Carbon Adsorption of Organics from
     the Aqueous Phase, Proceedings of the September 1978 ACS Symposium,
     Miami Beach, Florida.  (I. H.  Suffet and M. J. McGuire, editors),
     Ann Arbor,  Michigan.   (In press 1980).

17.   Muren, C. J.,  and V.  L.  Snoeyink.  Competitive Adsorption of
     2,4-Dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol in the Nanomolar to
     Micromolar Concentration Range.   Environ. Sci. 5 Technol., 13:305,
     1979.

18.   Steiner, J., and J. E.  Singley.   Methoxychlor Removal from Potable
     Water.  J.  AWWA, 71:284, 1979.

19.   El-Dib, M.  A., and M. I. Badawy.   Adsorption of Soluble .Aromatic
     Hydrocarbons on Granular Activated Carbon.   Water Research, 13:255,
     1979.

20.   Peel, R. G., and A. Benedek.   Attainment of Equilibrium in Activated
     Carbon Isotherm Studies.  Environ. Sci. & Technol., 14:66, 1980.

21.   Fochtman, E. G., and R.  A. Dobbs.  Adsorption of Carcinogenic
     Compounds by Activated Carbon.  Activated Carbon Adsorption of
     Organics from the Aqueous Phase., Proceedings of the September
     1978 ACS Symposium in Miami Beach, Florida.   (I. H. Suffet and
     M. J. McGuire, editors), Ann Arbor Sci. Publ., Ann Arbor, Michigan.
     (In press 1980).

22.   Bellar, T.  A., and J. J. Lichtenberg.  Determining Volatile Organics
     at Microgram-per-Litre Levels by Gas Chromatography.  J. AWWA,
     66:759, 1974.
                                    307

-------
23.   Austern, B.  M.,  R.  A.  Dobbs,  and J.  M.  Cohen.   Gas Chromatographic
     Determination of Selected Organic Compounds Added to Wastewater.
     Environ. Sci. §  Technol., 9:588, 1975.

24.   Environmental Protection Agency.  Guidelines Establishing Test
     Procedures for the  Analysis of Pollutants.   40 CFR Part 136,
     Federal Register, 44:69464, December 3, 1979.

25.   May, W. E.,  and  S.  P.  Wasik.   Determination of the Solubility
     Behavior of Some Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water.
     Anal. Chem., 50:997, 1978.

26.   Hassler, J.  W.,  and W.  E. McMinn.  The  Nature of Active Carbon.
     Ind. Eng. Chem., 37:645, 1945.

27.   Fochtman, E. G., and W.  Eisenberg.   Treatability of Carcinogenic
     and Other Hazardous Organic Compounds.   Contract No. CI-68-03-2559,
     EPA-600/2-79-097, USEPA, Cincinnati, Ohio,  August 1979.
                               BIBLIOGRAPHY
Cheremisinoff, P. N., and F. Ellerbush, (editors), Carbon Adsorption
     Handbook.  Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann Arbor,
     Michigan; 1978.

Hassler, J. W., Purification With Activated Carbon.  Chemical Publishing
     Company, Incorporate, New York, New York; 1974.

Kipling, J. J. Adsorption from Solutions of Non-Electrolytei.  Academic
     Press, New York, New York; 1965.

Mattson, J. S., and H. B. Mark, Jr.  Activated Carbon-Surface Chemistry
     and Adsorption from Solution.  Marcel &ekker, Incorporated,
     New York, New York; 1971.

Verschueren,  K.  Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals.
     Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, New York; 1977.
                                    308

-------
                               APPENDIX  A


              ACTIVATED CARBON  ADSORPTION  ISOTHERM  PROTOCOL
1.    General  Discussion

     1.1   Purpose of Test

     Application of activated carbon for removal  of solutes  from aqueous
solution is based on a property known as the adsorption  capacity.   The
adsorption isotherm procedure is a method for the determination of the
adsorptive capacity of activated carbons.  The test can  be used to com-
pare adsorption capacities of different carbons for a given  solute or
to measure the adsorbability of different solutes on a given carbon.

2.    Apparatus

     2.1  Jar mill, jar and cylindrical grinding medium

     2.2  Standard 200 mesh and 400 mesh sieves with 0.0029  inch (73.6y)
and 0.0015 inch (38.1yJ openings and mechanical sieve shakers.

     2.3  Coordinated magnetic stirrers and stirring bars or jar test
apparatus.

     2.4  Ground-glass stoppered reagent bottles (1000 ml or appropriate
volume).

     2.5  Volumetric dispensing pipettes.

     2.6  Filtration equipment; select from the following:  0:45y membrane
filter, sintered silver filter disc, glass fiber filter paper, syringe
equipped with a Swinney filter holder, or pressure filter apparatus.

     2.7  Analytical balance

     2.8  Drying oven

     2.9  Desiccator

     2.10 pH meter
                                    309

-------
3.   Reagents

     All reagents must be prepared with "organic-free " distilled water.
Treatment of conventional distilled water with large amounts of activated
carbon in a column or batch process is suitable for this purpose.  If
isotherm tests are to be conducted on volatile compounds the carbon-treated
distilled water should be boiled for 15 - 20 minutes or purged over night
with inert gas in order to remove volatile compounds which may contaminate
distilled water during distillation or storage.

     3.1  Preparation of adsorbent:

     Although granular carbons can be compared or evaluated in their
original form by means of a batch test, the general procedure is to
pulverize the adsorbent.  Use of pulverized carbon assures more rapid
attainment of equilibrium.  If the adsorbent is in granular form, place
in jar with grinding medium.  Jar should not be more than half full to
insure efficient grinding of the carbon.  Place on a jar mill until sample
is pulverized.  Sieve the pulverized material through a 200-mesh (0.0736 mm)
sieve and retain on a 400-mesh (0.038/mm) sieve.  Return carbon which did
not pass through the 200-mesh sieve to the jar for additional grinding.
Repeat procedure until approximately 90% of the sample passes the 200-mesh
sieve.  Powdered carbons are classified as described above without the
grinding operation.  Use the 200/400 mesh fraction for isotherm testing.
Dry the classified carbon overnight in a drying over ast 105° C.  Cool in
a desiccator and store until needed for experimental purposes.

     3.2  Preparation of activated carbon stock slurry: weigh out 50.00
grams of oven-dried and cooled pulverized carbon and transfer to a one-
liter volumetric flask.  Dilute to mark with "organic-free" distilled
water.  One ml of stock suspension contains 50 mg carbon.  Prepare other
working standard slurries by serial dilution of the stock slurry.  Transfer
slurries to appropriate flasks containing dispensing pipettes to provide
a wide range of carbon concentrations.  Table I lists the carbon dosages
obtained with various volumes of stock slurry for one-liter sample volumes.

           Table 1.  Carbon Dosages for Given Pipette Volumes

         Volume of Dispensing                     Carbon Dosage,* (mg/1)
              Pipette, (ml)                       	

                  5                                       250

                 10                                       500

                 15                                       750

                 20                                      1000

                 25                                      1250
       * Not corrected for dilution of the one-liter sample volume

                                   310

-------
     Dilution of the stock slurry by 1:10 and 1:100 would result in carbon
doses 1/10 and 1/100 of those shown in Table 1.

     3.3  Hydrochloric acid 6N.  Dilute concentrated HC1 1:1 with
"organic-free" distilled water.

     3.4  Sodium hydroxide 6N.  Add 240 grams of NaOH pellets to one
liter of  "organic-free" distilled water.

4.   Procedure.

     4.1  If the test solution contains volatile or semivolatile com-
ponents,  place one-liter samples in a series of ground-glass stoppered
reagent bottles.  Add increasing carbon dosages to each successive
sample.   Add no carbon to one sample and use as a control.  An initial
concentration of 10 mg/1 of test compound might require carbon dosages
of   5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/1.  A preliminary isotherm
may be required to bracket the desired range of dosages.  Immediately
after addition of the carbon dose, fill the reagent bottle to the bottom
of the ground-glass stopper with additional test solution so that no air
space remains.  This will minimize loss of volatile solutes.  Reagent
bottle volumes should be recorded on the bottle and closely matched bottles
used as a set.  One-liter reagent bottles typically have a total volume
of 1070-1090 ml.  Carbon doses and test solution concentrations can be
corrected for dilution associated with completely filling the ground-glass
stoppered reagent bottles.  In general, this correction is small and can
be ignored.

     4.2  Place the carbon-dosed samples on a coordinated magnetic stirrer
apparatus and stir the control and samples for two hours.  At the con-
clusion of the contact period separate the pulverized carbon from the
test solution by an appropriate filtration procedure and analyze for the
component of interest.   Choice of filtration process will depend upon the
characteristics of the test solution and the method of chemical  analysis.
Analysis of the control or a standard solution before and after filtration
will determine whether or not a proper filtration method has been selected.
Filtration of the sample should not result in a significant change in
concentration of components.

     In the case of volatile compounds, a syringe equipped with  a Swinney
filter holder can be used if the volume of filtrate required for analysis
is small  (i.e., analytical  methods  such as purge and trap gas chromatogra-
phy, total organic carbon,  or ultraviolet spectroscopy).  Pressure filters
can be  used if larger volumes are required for analysis.  Vacuum filtra-
tion with  pre-washed membrane filters  is  suitable for solution  containing
nonvolatile components, provided adsorption losses are not encountered on
the membrane.   If adsorption  losses  are evident, sintered silver membranes
or glass  fiber paper can be  used for separation  of the pulverized carbon.
Carbon  can also be separated  by centrifugation.
                                   311

-------
     4.3  Analysis of the filtrate:  The concentration of solute in equilib-
 rium  with each carbon dose is measured by an appropriate quantitative
 method  such as spectrophotometry, colorimetry, total organic carbon, gas
 chromatography, evaporation to residue or other analytical technique.

 5.   Treatment of Data

     5.1  Calculation of adsorption capacity:  Activated carbon adsorption
 isotherm  data are usually plotted according to the Freundlich equation.
 Detailed  discussion  of the equation and its uses can be found in the
 literature.  Although the equation is empirical, it is nonetheless widely
 used and  has been found to adequately describe the adsorption process
 in  dilute solution.  The Freundlich equation has the form:

                         1/n
               X/M = K Cf

 where     X = CQ-Cf  which is  the amount of solute adsorbed from a
          given volume of solution

          C0 = initial concentration of solute in the untreated solution

          Cf = final concentration in the treated solution at equilibriur

          M = weight of activated carbon added to the solution

          K & 1/n =  empirical constants

     Data are fitted to the logarithmic form of the above equation which
 can be  written as follows:

          log X/M  = log K + 1/n log Cf                     (2)

 For dilute solutions this equation yields a straight line with a slope of
 1/n and an intercept equal to the value of K (when Cf = 1) when X/M is
 plotted as a function of Cf on logarithmic paper.  The intercept is an
 indicator of adsorption capacity and the slope of adsorption intensity.


    A  convenient  form  for  tabulation of adsorption  isotherm  data  is  shown  on
the standard  data  form.   Carbon dosages are  shown  in  the  left-hand  column.
The next column  for  each  set of data  contains the  residual  concentrations
remaining  in  solution after  carbon  treatment..  The  Cf value  for  the control
sample  corresponding  to  the  zero  carbon dose  is the  C  value.  The  amount
of solute  adsorbed (X)  is  calculated  by  subtracting  e§ch  C, value  from C   and
is summarized in  the appropriate  column.   Dividing   X  in  mg  of  solute b£  the
carbon dose in grams gives the adsorption  capacity (X/M)  per gram  of  carbon
shown in the final column for  each  set  of  data.  X/M values are  plotted as a
function of Cf according to equation (2)  on logarithmic paper.
                                     312

-------
     5.2  Least squares regression analysis may be used to locate the best-
fit line for the plotted data points.  A small programmable calculator is
convenient for this purpose.

     5.3  Extrapolation of the plotted isotherm to CQ (Cf value with zero
carbon dose) gives the adsorption capacity at the initial concentration
by noting the corresponding value from the X/M axis.  Adsorption capacities
at other concentrations can be read in the same manner.  As the Freundlich
equation states the adsorption capacity of carbon, X/M, is a function of
the equilibrium concentration, Cf, of the solute.

     5.4  Freundlich parameters:  The plotted isotherm can be used to
obtain the Freundlich parameters K and 1/n.  K can be read from the X/M
axis at Cf = 1.  The slope (1/n) can be measured graphically using a ruler
(i.e., mm rise/mm span) or taken from the programmable calculator.  These
parameters are useful in comparing the adsorbability of solutes and in
rating the efficiency of different activated carbons.

6.   Alternative Procedures

     6.1  The pH of the test solution can affect the equilibrium adsorption
capacity.  For acidic solutes adsorption is favored at low pH while basic
compounds are more strongly adsorbed at higher pH values.  Solution pH
can be adjusted with hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide prior to
addition of the carbon if these effects are to be measured.  Values of 3.0,
7.0, and 9.0 are recommended as a suitable range to determine pH effects.
Use of buffers may be desirable in certain cases where a change in pH
during adsorption is to be avoided.

     6.2  In cases where nonvolatile solutes are to be measured it is not
necessary to fill the reagent bottle to the bottom of the ground-glass
stopper.  If any doubt exists as to the volatility of the solute(s) com-
pletely filled reagent bottles should be used.

    +6.3  Isotherm testing is usually conducted at room temperature
(22 ~ 2° C)  although conditions can  be varied experimentally if desired.
                                    313

-------
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1 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891 2 34567891
01 0.1 1.0 10 100
                          RESIDUAL CONC. (Cj), mg/l

CARBON
DOSE mg/l
0
2.5
5
10
20
25
50
60
75
100
125
150
•"H=5,4
Cf C0-C,=X X/M
10.58
9.80
9.28
8.00
5.48
4.50
1.45
0.89
0.56
0.38
0.21
0.14

0.780
1.30
2.58
5.10
6.08
9.13
9.69
10.02
10.20
10.37
10.44

312
260
258
255
243
183
162
134
102
83
70
pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























pH=
Cf C0-Cf=X X/M



























                                    314

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                            APPENDIX B
           PUBLISHED SOLUBILITIES OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS
Compound
Acenaphthene
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Benzidine
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene

1,2,4 Tn'chlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene
1 ,2 Dichloroethane
1,1,1 Tri ch 1 oroethane
Hexachloroethane
1,1 Dichloroethane
Solubility
mq/1
3.47
40g/100 ml H20
73,500
75,000
1,800
400
400
785
797
488
490
30
0.006
8,690
8,300
480 - 4,400
4,400
50
5,500
5,000
Temp.
°C
25
-
20
25
25
12
20
25
20
-
25
20
25
20
20
22
20
Reference
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1,1,2 Trichloroethane
4,500
20
                                 315

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       Compound
1,2 Dichloropropane

1,3 Dichloropropylene
2,4 Dimethyl phenol
    3,5 Dimethyl phenol
2,4 Dinitrotoluene
2,6 Dinitrotoluene
1,2 Diphenylhydrazine
Ethyl benzene

Fluoranthene
4 Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
4 Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethoxy) methane
Methylene chloride
Methyl chloride

Methyl bromide

Bromoform

Dichlorobromomethane
Trichlorofluoromethane
Di chlorodi f1uoromethane
Solubility
mg/1
2,700
2,700
(cis) 2,700
(trans) 2.800
17,000
4,200
270
300
no data
221
152
100
0.26
r 59
38
er 1,700
e 81 ,000
13,200 - 20,000
20,000
6,450 - 7,250
280 ml/100 ml HpO
5,380
900
17,500
3,190
1,300
Insoluble
1,100
280
Temp.
DC
20
20
25
25
160
20
22
22

-
20
15
25
20
20
-
-
25
20
20
16
25
20
20
30
25
-
25
25
Reference
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2

2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
7
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
                                 316

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Compound
1,1,2,2 Tetrachloroe thane
Chloroe thane
Bis(chloromethyl) ether
Bis(2-chl oroethyl) ether
2 Chl oroethyl vinyl ether
2 Chloronaphthalene
2,4,6 Trichlorophenol
Parachl orometacresol
Chloroform
2 Chlorophenol
1 ,2 Dichlorobenzene
1 ,3 Dichlorobenzene
1,4 Dichlorobenzene
3,3' Dichlorobenzidine
1 ,1 Di chl oroethyl ene
1,2 trans-Di chl oroethyl ene
2,4 Di chlorophenol
Solubility
mg/1
2,900
2,870
5,740
5,740
22,000(calculated)
Hydrolyzes (t-| /2 =
Decomposes
10,200
11,000
15,000
6.74
800
900
3,850
3,800
8,200
8,200
28,500
28,500
145
145
123
39
79
80
No data
400
5,000
600
4,500
4,500
Temp.
°C
20
25
20
25
38 sec)
20
-
25
25
25
20
20
20
20
20
20
25
25
-
25
25

20
20
20
20
20
Reference
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2

1
2
1
1
2
317

-------
       Compound
Chi orodibromomethane
Hexachiorobutadiene
Hexachiorocyclopentadi ene
Isophorone
Naphthalene

Nitrobenzene
2 Nitrophenol
4 Nitrophenol
2,4 Dinitrophenol
4,6 Dinitro-o-cresol
N-Ni trosodimethyl ami ne
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
N-Ni trosodi-n-propylami ne
Pentachlorophenol
Phenol
                      6700
Bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate

Di-n-octyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
Solubility
mg/1
No data
2
0.805
Insoluble
34.4
30
1,900
2,000
2,100
16,000
5,600
1,370
250
Miscible
No data
9,895
14
20
93,000
mg/100 ml H20
50
Insoluble
4,500
4,500
Insoluble
1,000
4,000
Temp.
°C

20
-
-
25
25
20
25
20
25
18
54.5
-
-

25
20
30
25
25
25
-
25
25
-
32
32
Reference

1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1

1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
8
1
1
1
                                  318

-------
Compound
Benzo(a)anthracene
Benzo(a)pyrene
3,4 Benzofluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Chrysene
Acenaphthylene
Anthracene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
Indeno(l ,2,3-cd)pyrene
Pyrene
Tetrach 1 oroethy 1 ene
Toluene
Trichloroethylene
Vinyl chloride
Aldrin
Dieldrin
Chlordane
Solubility
mg/1
0.014
0.0038
0.0012
0.00055
0.002
3,93
0.073
0.075
0.00026
1.98
1.29
1.6
0.0005
0.62
0.14
150 - 200
200
535
500
1,100
1,000
1.1
1
0.2
0.186
0.056
1.85
Temp.
°C
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
15
25
25
25
15
25
25
25
20
25
16
20
25
25
25
20
25-29

Reference
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
3
4
319

-------
Compound
4,4' DDT
4,4' DDE
4,4' ODD
a-Endosul fan-Alpha
b-Endosul fan-Beta
Endosulfan Sulfate
Endrin
Endrin aldehyde
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
a BHC - Alpha
3 BHC - Beta
Y BHC - Gamma

-------
                                 Solubi1i ty
       Compound                      mg/1                °C       Reference
                                     0.0027                          1
PCB - 1260                           0.00095             -           7

PCB - 1016                           0.34                 -           1
                                     0.91                 -           9

Toxaphene                            3                  20           2

2,3,7,8 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin                  No  data
References

1.  Water-Related Environmental  Fate of 129 Priority Pollutants.   A
    Literature Search by Versar, Incorporated for USEPA Office  of Water
    Planning and Standards.   Contract No.  68-01-3852.   January  -
    February, 1979.  Draft Copies.

2.  ISHOW Data Base,  University of Minnesota, Duluth.   April  1979.

3.  Spencer, W. F., and W. J. Farmer, Assessment of the Vapor  Behavior
    of Toxic Organic Chemicals.   Contribution of Federal  Research, SEA,
    USDA, and the University of California, Riverside,  California.

4.  Weil, L.., G. Dure, and K. E. Quentin,  Solubility in Water  of
    Insecticide Chlorinated Hydrocarbons and Polychlorinated Biphenyls
    in View of Water Pollution,  Z.  Wasser Abwasser Forsch.   7(6), 169
    (1974.

5.  Park, K. S., and W. N. Bruce, The Determination of  the  Water  Solu-
    bility of Aldrin, Dieldrin,  Heptachlor, and Heptachlor  Epoxide.
    J. Econ. Entomol., 61, 770 (1968).

6.  Kurihara, N., M. Uchida, T.  Fujita, and M. Nakajima,  Benzene
    Hexachloride Isomers and Related Compounds.  Pestic.  Biochem.
    Physio., 2(4), 383 (1973).

7.  Chiou, C. T., V. H. Freed, D. W. Schmedding, and R.  L.  Kohnert,
    Partition Coefficient and Bioaccumulation of Selected Organic
    Chemicals.  Environ. Sci. & Techno!.,  11(5) 475 (1977).

8.  Residue Reviews, F. A. Gunther (editors), Springer-Verlag,  New
    York, New York.  1975, p. 6.

9.  Lee, M., E. Chian, and R. Griffin,  Qualitative Study  of the Solu-
    bility of Polychloroinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Capacitor  Fluid  in
    Water.  Progress Report for USEPA Grant R-804684 (October  1978).


                                 321

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                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/8-80-023
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
 TITLE AND SUBTITLE

  CARBON ADSORPTION  ISOTHERMS FOR TOXIC ORGANICS
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                                        PORT DATE
                                        April  1980 (Issuing Date)
                                        RFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHOR(S)
  Richard A. Dobbs,
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Jesse M. Cohen
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Wastewater Research Division, TPDB, P-CTS
  Municipal Environmental  Research Laboratory
  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
  Cincinnati, Ohio  45268
                                     10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                         36B1C       AI-02
                                     11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Municipal Environmental  Research Laboratory-Cin.,OH
  Office of Research  and Development
  U.S.Environmental  Protection Agency
  Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
                                     13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                     Research  8/72 - 3/1980
                                     14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                        EPA/600/14
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  Contact:  Richard A.  Dobbs   (513) 684-7649
16. ABSTRACT
  An experimental  protocol for measuring  the activated carbon  adsorption isotherm was
  developed  and  applied to a wide  range of organic compounds.   Methods for treatment
  of the  isotherm  data and a standard  format for presentation  of results are shown.
  In the  early phase of the study  selection of compounds for testing in the experimen-
  tal program presented a formidable task.   Initial selections were based on the fol-
  lowing  criteria:   (1) annual quantity produced, (2) critical concentration required
  to produce an  adverse environmental  effect, (3) probability  of occurrence in water
  or wastewater,  (4) persistence in the water environment,  and (5)  solubility.  During
  the course of  the study the Occupational  Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA)
  list of regulated carcinogens and the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency's Consent
  Decree  list of priority pollutants were developed.  These compounds were added to
  those previously selected for the experimental phase of the  study.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                     COSATl Field/Group
  Activated Carbon Treatment
  Adsorption
                         Physical-Chemical  Treatment
        13B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  Release  to  Public
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                          Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
     332
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                Unclassified
                                                   22. PRICE
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                      322
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