vxEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency Region 5 77 West Jackson Boulevard Chicago, Illinois 60604 EPA905-R-94-014 May 1994 Superfund: Progress at National Priorities List Sites Indiana 1994 Update ------- May 1994 NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST SITES: INDIANA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 5, Library (PL-12J) 77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th Floor Chicago, IL 60604-3590 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY OFFICE OF SUPERFUND WASTE MANAGMENT DIVISION REGION 5 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60604 ------- TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION A Brief Overview of Superfund Streamlining Superfund: The Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model How Superfund Works rv}THE VOLUME ''1 How to use the State Book A SUMMARY OF THE STATE PROGRAM THE NPL FACT SHEETS THE GLOSSARY Terms used in the NPL Book ------- INTRODUCTION A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF SUPERFUND During the second half of the Twentieth Century, the environmental conse- quences of more than 100 years of industrial- ization in the United States became increas- ingly clear. Authors such as Rachel Carson wrote passionately about the often-hidden en- vironmental effects of our modern society's widespread use of chemicals and other haz- ardous materials. Their audience was small at first, but gradually their message spread. Growing concern turned to action. a.s peopie learned more about the environment and be- gan to act on their knowledge The 1970s saw environmental issues burst onto the national scene and take hold in the national consciousness. The first Earth Day was observed in 1970, the year that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was founded. By the end of the 1970s, Love Canal in New York and the Valley of the Drums in Kentucky had entered the popular lexicon as synonyms for pollution and environmental degradation. Superfund Is Established The industrialization that gave Americans the world's highest standard of living also created problems that only a national program could address. By 1980, the U.S. Congress had passed numerous environmental laws, imple- mented by the EPA, but many serious hazard- ous waste problems were slipping through the cracks. Responding to growing concern about public health and environmental threats from uncon- trolled releases of hazardous materials, the U.S. Congress passed the Comprehensive En- vironmental Response, Compensation, and Lability Act (CERCLA). Popularly known as Superfund, CERCLA had one seemingly simple job—to uncover and clean up hazard- ous materials spills and contaminated sites. A Big Job Few in Congress, the EPA. the environmen- tal community, or the general public knew in 19X0 just how big the nation's hazardous ma- terials problem is. Almost everyone thought that Superfund would be a short-lived pro- gram requiring relatively few resources to clean up at most a few hundred sites. They were quite mistaken. As the EPA set to work finding sites and gauging their potential to harm people and the environment, the number of sites grew. Each discovery seemed to lead to another. and today almost 36,000 hazardous waste sites have been investigated as potential haz- ardous waste sites. They are catalogued in the EPA's computerized database, CERCLIS (for the Comprehensive Environmental Re- ------- INTRODUCTION sponse, Compensation, and Liability Information System). The damage to public health and the environment that each site in CERCLIS might cause is evaluated; many sites have been referred to State and local governments for cleanup. The EPA lists the nation's most serious hazardous waste sites on the National Priorities List, or NPL. (These Superfund sites are eligible for federally-funded cleanup, but whenever possible the EPA makes polluters pay for the contamination they helped create.) The NPL now numbers 1,275 sites, with 50 to 100 added each year. By the end of the century, the NPL may reach as many as 2000 sites. Superfund faces some of the most complex pollution problems ever encountered by an environmental program. Improperly stored or disposed chemicals and the soil they contaminate are one concern. More difficult to correct are the wetlands and bays, and the groundwater, lakes, and rivers often used for drinking water that are contaminated by chemicals spreading through the soil or mixing with storm water runoff. Toxic vapors contaminate the air at some sites, threatening the health of people living and working near by. Superfund aims to control immediate public health and environmental threats by tackling the worst problems at the worst sites first. Wherever possible, Superfund officials use innovative treatment techniques many developed or refined by the EPA to correct hazardous materials problems once and for all. Many of the treatment techniques they use did not exist when the program was created. The EPA Administrator had challenged Superfund to complete construction necessary for cleanup work at 200 NPL sites by the end of the 1992 federal fiscal year. By September 30, 1992, the end of fiscal year 1992, construction had been completed at a total of 149 NPL sites. By September 30, 1993, the end of fiscal year 1993, construction had been completed at 217 sites, well in excess of the Administrator's target of 200. The Superfund program now projects completing construction at over 650 sites by the year 2000. Quick Cleanup at NON-NPL Sites Long-standing hazardous waste sites are not Superfund's only concern. The EPA also responds to hazardous spillsand other emergencies, hauling away chemicals for proper treatment or disposal. Superfund teams perform"or supervise responses at rail and motor vehicle accidents, fires, and other emergencies involving hazardous substances. They also evacuate people living and working near by, if necessary, and provide clean drinking water to people whose own water is contaminated. Removal crews also post warning signs and take other precautions to keep people and animals away from hazardous substances. Quick Cleanups, or Removals are not limited to emergencies. When cleanup crews at contaminated sites find hazardous substances that immediately threaten people or the environment, they act right away to reduce the threat or to remove the chemicals outright. As the EPA implements the Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model (SACM), more and more sites will undergo quick cleanups, and many of these will be cleaned up completely - ------- INTRODUCTION without ever being included on the NPL. (See "Streamlining Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model."") Some of Superfund's most significant gains in public health and environmental protection have been won by the removal program. As of October 1, 1993, the Emergency Response Program in Region V has lost approximately 500 removal completions since Superfund was established. Public Participation Superfund is unique among federal programs in its commitment to citizen participation. Although the EPA is responsible for determining how dangerous a site is and how best to clean it up, the Agency relies on citizen input as it makes these decisions. Probably, the most important component of any NPL site is public participation. Community Involvement has played a significant role in the development of cleanup activities at a site. Although most proposals for cleanup activities are brought forth by the agency, it is usually the citizen's input that gives the "stamp of approval" on the cleanup plan. Residents also comment on EPA cleanup plans by stating their concerns and preferences at public meetings and other forums and in formal written comments to Agency proposals. The EPA takes and concerns seriously, and has modified many proposals in response to local concerns. For ultimately, it is the community and its citizens that will live with the results of the EPA's decisions and actions; it is only fair that citizens participate in the process. A Commitment to Communication The Superfund program is very serious about public outreach and communication. Community relations coordinators are assigned to each NPL site to help the public understand the potential hazards present, as well as, the cleanup alternatives. Local information repositories, such as libraries or other public buildings, have been established near each NPL site to ensure that the public has an opportunity to review all relevant information and the proposed cleanup plans. The individual State volumes contain summary fact sheets on NPL sites in each State and territory. Together, the fact sheets provide a concise report on site conditions and the progress made toward site cleanups as of May 1994. The EPA revises these volumes periodically to provide and up-to-date record of program activities. A glossary of terms relating to hazardous waste management and Superfund site cleanup is provided at the back of this book. Superfund is, of course, a public program, and as such it belongs to everyone of us. ------- INTRODUCTION STREAMLINING SUPERFUND: THE SUPERFUND ACCELERATED CLEANUP MODEL Historically, critics and supporters alike have measured Superfund's progress by the number of hazardous waste sites deleted from the NPL. Although easy enough to tally, this approach does not recognize the breadth of risk reduction attained by Superfund. First, it doesn't account for the early remedial actions conducted at the nations worst hazardous waste sites, which occurs well before site deletion. Second, it ignores the significant contribution to reducing risks to human health and the environment by the Removal Program. In renewing Superfund's commitment to quick and early response actions, EPA has undertaken an initiative to streamline the Superfund program. The Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model (SACM) emphasizes the conduct of early actions, such as drum removal and source control, while long-term actions, such as groundwater contamination are appropriately studied. In addition, SACM .envisions an integrated site assessment process whereby the different Superfund assessments are integrated into a single process. Integrated assessments will reduce the time and resources required to evaluate a site and assess its threats to human health and the environment. This way, immediate public health and environmental threats will be addressed while long-term cleanups are being planned. Emergencies such as train derailments and motor vehicle accidents will continue to be handled expeditiously. Teams of highly trained technicians will swing into action right away, coordinating the cleanup and removal of hazardous substances to ensure public safety as quickly as possible. BREAKING WITH TRADITION The traditional Superfund process begins with a lengthy phase of study and site assessment, but SACM will save time by combing separate, yet similar, activities. Each EPA Region will form a Regional Decision Team (RDT) composed of program managers from the Removal and Remedial program, the Office of Regional Counsel, Office of Public Affairs, Environmental Science Division, and the States. The RDT will be responsible for making decisions on sites based on recommendations by Site Assessment Teams (SATs). The SATs are comprised of an RPM, OSC, SAM, staff attorney, State representative, and community relations coordinator. Other experts such as ecologist and toxicologists are brought in on the SATs on an as needed basis. SATs develop site specific strategies potentially utilizing Removal (i.e. early action) and/or Remedial (i.e. long-term action) statutory authorities. In many instances, SATs will recommend to the RDT the initiation of a -study for a long-term action while work begins on an early action to eliminate an immediate threat to public health and the environment. Early Actions include taking precautions to keep contaminants from moving off the site and restricting access to the site. Early Actions can eliminate most, if r.ct all, risk associated with a Superfund site. Consequently, early public involvement is ------- INTRODUCTION BREAKING WITH TRADITION cont' participation during the site assessment process and Early Actions. LONG-TERM SOLUTIONS While Early Actions can correct many hazardous waste problems and provide the bulk of public health and environmental protection some contamination will take longer to correct. Cleanups of mining sites, wetlands, estuaries, and projects involving incineration of contaminants or restoration of ground water can take far longer than the three to five years envisioned for Early Actions. Under the SACM paradigm, the conduct of the long-term cleanup action will be similar to the present process. Also under SACM, the EPA will continue its pursuit of potentially responsible parties who may have caused or contributed to site contamination. Expedited jsnforcement and procedures for negotiating potentially responsible party settlements will secure their participation. Superfund personnel will continue to oversee clean-up work performed by potentially responsible parties. ------- INTRODUCTION HOW SUPERFUND WORKS Each Superfund site presents a different set of complex problems. The same haz- ardous materials and chemicals often con- taminate many sites, but the details of each site are different Almost always, soil is con- taminated with one or more chemicals. Their vapors may taint the air over and around the site. Contaminants may travel through the soil and reach underground aquifers which may be used for drinking water, or they may spread over the site to contaminate streams, ponds, and wetlands. The contaminating chemicals may interact with each other, presenting even more complicated cleanup problems. Superfund's cleanup process is arduous and exacting. It requires the best efforts of hun- dreds of experts in science and engineering, public health, administration and manage- ment, law, and many other fields. The average NPL site takes from seven to ten years to work its way through the system, from discovery to the start of long-term cleanup. Actual cleanup work can take years, decades if contaminated groundwater must be treated. Of course, imminent threats to public health or the environment are cor- rected right away. The diagram to the right presents a simplified view of the cleanup process. The major steps in the Superfund process are: • Site discovery and investigation to iden- tify contaminants and determine whether emergency action is required; • Emergency site work such as removing contaminants for proper treatment or dis- posal, and securing the site to keep people and animals away, if warranted by condi- tions at the site; • Site evaluation to determine how people living and working nearby, and the envi- ronment, may be exposed to site contami- nants; • Detailed studies to determine whether con- ditions are serious enough to add the site to the National Priorities List of sites eligible for federally funded cleanup under Super- fund; > Selection, design, and implementation of a cleanup plan, after a thorough review of the most effective cleanup options, given site conditions, contaminants present, and their potential threat to public health or the environment • Follow-up to ensure that the cleanup work done at the site continues to be effective over the long term. The Superfund Process From the earliest stages, EPA investigators work hard to identify those responsible for the contamination. As their responsibility is es- tablished, the EPA negotiates with these "re- sponsible parties" to pay for cleaning up the problem they helped create. This "enforce- ment first" policy saves-Superfund Trust Fund monies for use in cleanups where the respon- sible parties cannot be identified, or where they are unable to fund cleanup work. ------- THE VOLUME How to Use the State Book The sue fact sheets presented in this book are comprehensive summaries that cover a broad range of information. The fact sheets describe hazardous waste sites on the NPL and their locations, as weil as the conditions leading to their listing ("Site Description"). The summaries list the types of contaminants that have been discovered and related threats to public and ecological health ('Threats and Contaminants'"). "Cleanup Approach" pres- ents an overview of the cleanup acuvities completed, underway, or planned. The tact sheets conclude with a brier synopsis of how much progress has been made in protecting public health and the environment The summaries also pinpoint other actions, such as legal efforts to involve polluters responsible for site contamination and community con- . cerns. The fact sheets arc arranged in alphabetical order by site name. Because site cleanup is a dynamic and gradual process, all site informa- tion is accurate as of the date shown on the bottom of each page. Progress always is being made at NPL .sites, and the EPA periodically will update the sue fact sheets to reflect recent actions and will publish updated State vol- umes. The following two pages show a ge- neric fact sheet and briefly describe the infor- mation under each section. How Can You Use This State Book? You can use this book to keep informed about the sites that concern you. particularly ones close to home. The EPA is committed to involving the public in the decision making process associated with hazardous waste cleanup. The Agency solicits input from area residents in communities affected by Super- fund sites. Citizens are likely to be affected not only by hazardous site conditions, but also by the remedies mat combat them. Site clean- ups take many forms and can affect communi- ties in different ways. Local traffic may be rerouted, residents may be relocated, tempo- rary water supplies may be necessary. Definitive information on a site can help citizens sift through alternatives and make decisions. To make good choices, you must know what the threats are and how the EPA intends to clean up the site. You must under- stand the cleanup alternatives being proposed for site cleanup and how residents may be affected by each one. You also need to have some idea of how your community intends to use the site in the future, and you need to know what the community can realistically expect once the cleanup is complete. The EPA wants to develop cleanup methods mat meet community needs, but the Agency only can take local concerns into account if it understands what they are. Information must travel both ways in order for cleanups to be effective and satisfactory. Please take this opportunity to learn more, become involved. and assure that hazardous waste cleanup at "your" site considers your community's concerns. ------- THE VOLUME NPL L3T1NG HISTORY Provides the dares when the site was Proposed, made Final. and Deleted tmm the NPL. SITE RESPONSIBILITY Identities Hie Federal. State. and/or porenrially responsible panics taKing responsimlity tor cleanup actions at die site. ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS Summarizes rhe actions to reduce inc threats to nearby residents and the surrounding environment and the progress towards cleaning up the sue. SITE NAME STATE £PAlO» A8COOOOOOO EPA REGION XX COUNTY NAME LOCATION Threats and Contaminants Response Action Status Environmental Progress Site Repository BBSBl SI SITE REPOSITORY Lists the location or the primary site repository. The site repository may include community relations plans, public meeting announcements and minutes, tact sheets, press releases, and other site-related documents. ------- THE VOLUME SITE DESCRIPTION This section describes the location and history of the site. It includes descrip- tions of the most recent activities and past actions at the site that have con- tributed to the contamination. Population estimates, land usages, and nearby resources give readers background on the local setting surrounding the site. THREATS AND CONTAMINANTS The major chemical categories of site contamination are noted, as well as which environmental resources are affected. Icons representing each of the affected resources (may include air. groundwater. surface water, soil, and contamination to environmentally sensitive areas) ore included in the margins of this section. Potential threats to residents and the surrounding environ- ments arising rrom the site contamination also are described. CLEANUP APPROACH This section contains a brief overview of how the site is being cleaned up. RESPONSE ACTION STATUS Specific actions that have been accomplished or will be undertaken to clean up the site arc described here. Cleanup activities at NPL sites are divided into separate phases, depending on the complexity and required actions at the site. Two major types of cleanup activities often arc described: initial. immediate, or emergency actions to quickly remove or reduce imminent threats to the community and surrounding areas: and long-term remedial phases directed at final cleanup at the site. Each stage of the cleanup strategy is presented in this section of the summary. Icons representing the stage of the cleanup process (initial actions, site investigations. EPA selection of the cleanup remedy, engineering design phase, cleanup activities underway, and completed cleanup) are located in the margin next to each activity descrip- tion. SITE FACTS Additional information on activities and events at the site are included in this section. Often details on legal or administrative actions taken by the EPA to achieve site cleanup or other facts pertaining to community involvement with the site cleanup process are reported here. ------- A SUMMARY OF THE STATE PROGRAM ------- SUPERFUND ACTIVITIES IN INDIANA The State of Indiana is located within EPA Region 5, which includes the six midwestern States. The State covers 36,185 square miles. According to the 1990 Census, Indiana experienced a 1 percent increase in population between 1980 and 1990, and is ranked fourteenth in U.S. population with approximately 5,544,000 residents. The Indiana Hazardous Waste Act of 1980, the Environmental Management Act and the Hazardous Waste Land Disposal Tax Act of 1981 combine to authorize site cleanup activities in the State of Indiana. The statutes grant the State the authority to compel polluters who are liable for site contamination to conduct or pay for cleanup activities, regardless of fault or the amount of contributing pollution. The State also has the authority to issue orders for information and site access, collect civil and criminal penalties and damages, and recover costs for State action. Under the Indiana Responsible Transfer Law, andy environmental risks posed at a property must be disclosed prior to real estate transfer. In addition to the 10 percent contribution from the State required by the Federal Superfund program, the Hazardous Substances Response Trust Fund may be used for investigations, study and design activities, emergency actions and removals, long-term cleanup actions, operation and maintenance activities, actions at non-petroleum Leaking Underground Storage Tank sites, and pre- authorized mixed funding claims. A 1991 amendment authorized use of the Fund to address sites contaminated with petroleum. The State public participation policy is to provide a 30-day comment period prior to final cleanup decisions. In practice, public meetings are held several times during the site investigation, followed by availability sessions in the affected communities. Currently, 32 sits in the State of Indiana have been listed as final on the NPL; three sites have been deleted. THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT implements the Superfund Program in the State of Indiana Facts about the 36 NPL sites in Indiana Immediate Actions (such as removing hazardous substances or restricting site access) were performed at 25 sites. Eleven sites endanger sensitive environments. Thirty-two sites are located near residential areas. ------- INDIANA i ==i The potentially Responsible Party Pays... In the State of Indiana, potentially responsible parties are paying for or conducting cleanup activities at 26 sites. For Further Information on NPL Sites and Hazardous Waste Programs in the State of Illinois Please Contact: * EPA Region 5 Office of Public Affairs * National Response Center * Department of Environmental Management Office of Environmental Response, Project Management Branch * EPA Region 5 Waste Management Division * EPA Superfund Hotline For information concerning community involvement To report a hazardous waste emergency For information about the State's responsibility in the Superfund Program For information about the Regional Superfund Program For information about the Federal Superfund Program (312) 353-2072 (800) 424-8802 (217) 782-6760 (312) 353-9419 (800) 424-9068 ------- AMERICAN CHEMICAL SERVICE, INC INDIANA EPA ID# IND016360265 EPA REGION 5 Lake County Griffith Site Description American Chemical Service (ACS), Inc. recycled chemicals on 21 acres along South Colfax Avenue in Griffith from 1958 until 1975, when it voluntarily stopped using two disposal areas on site and covered them. The site contains an estimated 35,000 buried drums, pigment and resin sludges, including PCBs and VOCs. The site operated until 1990 as a hazardous waste recycler with interim status under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The site previously contained three different operations: the American Chemical Service, Kapica Drum, and the Griffith Sanitary Landfill. ACS began operation in 1955 as a solvent recovery firm and later began a chemical manufacturing operation. From 1955 until at least 1975, ACS disposed of a variety of hazardous wastes produced during company operations in an area known as the off-site containment area on the property. ACS also disposed of numerous drums and stillbottoms in portions of the currently operating facility. Some waste was accepted from outside sources for incineration in an on-site incinerator, and the ash was disposed of on ACS property. In 1972, the Indiana State Board of Health (ISBH) responded to residents' complaints and inspected the ACS facility. From 1972 to 1973, ISBH attempted to achieve improved waste handling, spill prevention measures, and site maintenance. In 1974 and 1975, ISBH also responded to reports that ACS was discharging chemicals to the sanitary sewer and dumping chemicals on site. Approximately 10,000 people live within 3 miles of the site, the closest being less than 1/4 mile away. Located in the immediate vicinity of the site are a few residences, railroad tracks, drainage ditches, and marshy areas. More than 2,000 private wells are in use in the area of the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/08/83 Final Date: 09/21/84 May 1994 ------- Threats and Contaminants The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including benzene, toluene, chloroethane, xylene, vinyl chloride, the creosote pentachlorophenol (PCP), and phthalates. The shallow aquifer contains the highest amounts of organic contaminants. Soils are heavily contaminated with numerous substances including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), heavy metals, semi- volatiles, coal tar constituents, VOCs, and some pesticides. Evidence suggests that the heavily contaminated shallow aquifer discharges to the wetlands and surface water, posing the potential for adverse effects. Past discharges by ACS had affected a major portion of the site's wetlands. Exposure to contaminants by accidently ingesting groundwater and surface water; coming in direct contact with groundwater, surface water, soil, or sediments; or inhaling airborne VOCs could be potential health threats. Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Initial Actions: In the early 1980s, ACS installed a clay wall to block the perceived flow direction of the groundwater and to control the environmental degradation due to surface water and leachate runoff. Initial cleanup efforts concentrated on identifying, staging, and segregating drums from construction debris in the building. Drums were labeled, sampled, overpacked, and staged in a nearby vacant building. Twenty-four-hour security was maintained throughout the removal. Construction debris was decontaminated and disposed. The remaining building brick was scrubbed with a high pressure wash. All rinsate and decontamination water was collected and removed for treatment and disposal. Drums were grouped into three separate waste streams based on pH levels. All three waste streams were accepted at a facility for treatment and disposal. A total of 277 drums of waste and 23,154 gallons of water were shipped off site for treatment and disposal. Entire Site: The site investigations have now been completed and on September 30, 1992, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the site which includes: pumping and treating contaminated groundwater; excavation and incineration of contaminated soil and drums of hazardous waste; vapor extraction of contaminants in site soils; evaluation, monitoring and, if necessary, restoration of wetlands; site fencing and implementation of deed and access restrictions; and long term monitoring of the site. It is anticipated that the design of technical aspects of the cleanup will begin in 1994. May 1994 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SERVICE, INC. ------- Environmental Progress The site investigation and assessment of the cleanup options has been completed. The EPA has selected a cleanup remedy and is negotiating with the potentially responsible parties to fund the remaining site activities. Site Repository Griffith Public Library, 940 North Broad Street, Griffith, IN 46319 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SERVICE, INC. May 1994 ------- BENNETT STd QUARRY INDIANA EPAID# IND006418651 EPA REGION 5 Monroe County Bloomington Site Description The Bennett Stone Quarry site consists of approximately 4 acres and is located approximately 2 1/2 miles northwest of Bloomington. This limestone quarry was used as a dump for old electrical parts for approximately 20 years, before it was discovered by the Monroe County Health Department (MCHD) in 1983. The MCHD subsequently defined an area of several acres that had been used for dumping electrical parts, including a large number of capacitors contaminated with poly chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Labels found on the capacitors during the MCHD investigation linked contamination to the Westinghouse Corporation. Soil samples from the site indicated PCB concentrations as high as 380,000 ppm. EPA removed surface capacitors from the site, installed a clay cap, security fencing and warning signs in 1983. Sediments from Stouts Creek, adjacent to the site, were hydro-vacuumed in 1987. Five other PCB-contaminated sites are located in the Bloomington area, three of which are listed as separate sites on the NPL: Neal's Landfill, Neal's Dump, and Lemon Lane Landfill. Anderson Road, an authorized landfill, and Winston-Thomas Treatment Plant, an inactive City-owned wastewater treatment plant, are the other sites. The majority of the residents living near Bennett Stone Quarry and the adjoining property depend on private wells for their water supply. The land along Stout Creek is used for quarry operations and some farming. Beef cattle are raised on property adjacent to Stouts Creek. The quarries adjacent to the site once were frequented by local residents and campers for recreational activities. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/08/83 Final Date: 09/21/84 Threats and Contaminants On-site groundwater, soils, sediments, and surface water were contaminated with PCBs. Off-site sediments located in Stout Creek also were contaminated with PCBs. Smaller amounts of PCBs were found in the waters of Stout Creek. Area residents could have been exposed to contaminants through direct contact with PCB-laden oil in the ponds and on-site PCB-contaminated soil. The primary risk currently posed by the site is through contamination of groundwater, used by some nearby residents as a source of drinking water. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in two stages: emergency actions and a long-term remedial phase directed at cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Emergency Actions: The EPA undertook an emergency cleanup in 1983 that included: removing and disposing of capacitors on the surface and contaminated soils; conducting an aerial photographic survey, a geophysical study, and soil sampling; placing an impervious cover over the site to prevent runoff of contaminants; and constructing security fencing around the site. In 1987, contaminated sediments were excavated from Stout Creek. Entire Site: Activities conducted to address contamination at the site included: excavating all refuse plus a 2-foot buffer zone around the known refuse; incinerating excavated materials in an approved facility; hydro-vacuuming contaminated sediments from the on-site ponds and Stout Creek and storing them off site until incineration and disposal can be conducted; and regrading, covering, and revegetating the area of the site. Groundwater and surface water monitoring will be continued to ensure that water quality standards are maintained. Site Facts: In 1985, the Westinghouse Corporation and the EPA signed a Consent Decree, under which Westinghouse agreed to perform the site cleanup. Currently, the parties to the Consent Decree are exploring alternative remedies to incineration. Environmental Progress The excavation, removal, or incineration of hazardous materials and contaminated creek sediments, installation of a security fence, and other cleanup activities have reduced the potential for exposure to contamination at the Bennett Stone Quarry site. Continuing groundwater and surface water monitoring will provide protection to nearby residents and the environment. Site Repository May 1994 BENNETT STONE QUARRY ------- Site Repository Monroe County Public Library, 303 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47491 BENNETT STONE QUARRY May 1994 ------- CARTER LEE LUMBER COMPA INDIANA EPA ID# IND01639589^5 EPA REGION 5 Marion County Indianapolis Site Description Carter Lee Lumber Company has been selling lumber products at this 2-acre site since 1873. In 1971, Carter Lee bought land behind its original property from the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago, and St. Louis Railway Corporation. Liquid wastes from tank trucks and railroad cars reportedly were dumped onto the ground and into a trench on the property. The EPA sampled the soil in 1985 and found it to be contaminated with heavy metals and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs). The trench has been filled with clay and the property has been fenced, with access limited to employees of the lumber company. Approximately 710,000 people obtain drinking water from municipal wells within 3 miles of the site. These wells are supplied by surface water. The closest private drinking water well is upgradient from the property and approximately 3,500 feet away. The property is in the flood plain of the White River, which is located 1,500 feet from the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 06/24/88 Final Date: 03/31/89 Threats and Contaminants Soil is contaminated with heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and copper; as well as cyanide and various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Presently, there is little threat to human health or the environment. The site is fenced; however, employees of the lumber company are coming into contact with contaminated soil, as well as cleanup workers who dig or uncover the contamination in the trench. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Entire Site: An investigation is underway at the Carter Lee Lumber Company site to delineate the nature and extent of contamination in all media. The EPA will identify and evaluate potential routes of contaminant migration, assess risk posed by the site, and collect data to identify and evaluate remedial alternatives. The investigation is planned for completion in early 1995. Environmental Progress The site has been fenced to limit access and the trenches have been filled to reduce the potential for exposure to contaminated soil at the Carter Lee Lumber Company site. The EPA has assessed conditions at the site and determined that no immediate actions are required while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned. Site Repository Hawthorn Community Center, 2440 W. Ohio Street, Indianapolis, IN 46222 May 1994 CARTER LEE LUMBER COMPANY ------- COLUMBUEF0LD MUNICIPA LANDFILL INDIANA EPA ID# IND980607626 EPA REGION 5 Bartholomew County Columbus Other Names: City Dump #1 Site Description The City of Columbus operated the 12-acre Columbus Old Municipal Landfill #1 site without a permit from 1938 until 1966. The landfill reportedly accepted municipal and industrial wastes including solvents, acids, bases, paints, and heavy metals. The landfill is unlined, but the top is covered with a layer of sand, clay, and gravel where grass has grown. Wastes were deposited on the surface of the landfill, and the site forms a low barrier between the farmlands that surround it and the East Fork of the White River. Geologic conditions at the site make it easy for the groundwater to interact with and contaminate the surface waters in the area. The closest residence to the site is less than 1/2 mile away. Approximately 33,000 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site. There are private wells within 1/2 mile of the site, and public wells for water supply are within 3 miles. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/18/85 Final Date: 06/10/86 Threats and Contaminants Contamination found on site includes acids, bases, and organic solvents. Possible health threats to people include drinking or coming in direct contact with contaminated groundwater, or accidentally ingesting contaminated soil. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Entire Site: The potentially responsible parties began an investigation in 1987 to determine the nature and extent of contamination at the site. The remedy was selected in early 1992. Based on the investigation, it was concluded that no further action was needed at the site. However, due to the possibility of a public road being constructed on the site, a contingency remedy also was selected. If a road is built, institutional controls will be implemented, including fencing, capping and monitoring. Site Facts: In 1987, a Consent Order was signed between the EPA, the Indiana Department of Environmental Management, and three parties potentially responsible for the site contamination. Under the agreement, the parties agreed to study the site to determine the nature and extent of contamination at the landfill. In March 1992, based on the results of the investigation, a limited action alternative was selected by the EPA. Groundwater monitoring will continue at the site. Environmental Progress After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that no immediate actions were required at the Columbus Old Municipal Landfill site while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned. Site Repository Bartholomew County Public Library, Columbus, IN 46901 May 1994 COLUMBUS OLD MUNICIPAL LANDFILL #1 ------- CONRAIL RAIL YA (ELKHART) INDIANA EPA ID#IND000715490 Site Description EPA REGION 5 Elkhart County Elkhart Other Names: County Road 1 The Conrail Rail Yard (Elkhart) began operations in 1956 as part of the New York Central Railroad and continued operations as a subsidiary of the Perm Central Transportation Company until 1976. From 1962 to 1968, numerous citizen complaints regarding oil discharges from the rail yard to the nearby St. Joseph River were filed with State and local authorities. In 1976, Conrail took over the rail yard's functions. From 1976 to 1986, the rail yard experienced spills and releases of oil, diesel fuel, hydrochloric acid, caustic soda, and various petroleum-related substances. Also, track-cleaning fluids and engine degreasers were used and disposed of at the site. The site contains several ponds used to stabilize waste and separate oils and a disposal area, now covered, where rail yard wastes were discarded. In 1986, the EPA discovered volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the groundwater near the site. Approximately 41,000 people live in Elkhart; the entire population obtains its drinking water from groundwater. The Elkhart Water Works serves approximately 41,000 persons living northeast of the site. The remaining population obtains drinking water from private residential wells, including people living immediately north and west of the site, many of which have contaminated wells. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 06/24/88 Final Date: 08/30/90 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater and soil at the site contain VOCs. People have been exposed to contaminated groundwater via their private wells. Filter systems have been installed in homes with confirmed VOC contamination to eliminate the immediate health threats. People could be exposed to hazardous substances from the site by accidentally coming into direct contact with or ingesting contaminated soil. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site and cleanup of the source area of the contamination. Response Action Status Immediate Actions: The EPA began a program to sample the groundwater off site in 1986. The EPA sampled 88 residential wells and detected various VOCs. The EPA provided bottled water to residents whose wells were affected. Also, the EPA installed 76 activated carbon filter units in residences. As part of the immediate action, the EPA also removed 28 drums containing waste paint from the nearby Martin property in 1987. Entire Site: The EPA started an investigation of the nature and extent of contamination at the site in 1988. This study resulted in an Agency decision in 1991 to connect four affected residential areas to the City of Elkhart municipal water supply system, conduct groundwater monitoring, and install a groundwater extraction, treatment and disposal system. Design of the cleanup remedies began late in 1992. The design is scheduled to be finalized in Spring 1994. Source Area: In 1991, the EPA began further investigation of the source area of the contamination. The study and a final Record of Decision are scheduled to be completed in Summer 1994. Environmental Progress The immediate actions of providing bottled water, installing carbon filter units, and removing drums have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated drinking water and continue to protect residents near the Conrail Rail Yard (Elkhart) site while cleanup actions are being planned and investigations are ongoing. Site Repository Elkhart Public Library, 300 South 2nd Street, Elkhart, IN 46516 May 1994 CONRAIL RAIL YARD (ELKHART) ------- CONTINENTAL CORPORATION INDIANA EPAID# IND001213503 EPA REGION 5 Howard County Kokomo Site Description The Continental Steel Corporation Site is a state-lead, for the remedial work, site funded by the Superfund program. The site was operated by Continental Steel and its predecessors from approximately 1914 to 1986, when operations ceased following a filing for bankruptcy by the company. The plant produced nails, wire, and wire fence from scrap steel at this plant in Kokomo, Indiana. The site includes the main plant (about 68 acres), a lagoon area (about 53 acres), and a quarry area (about 20 acres) at the present time, and it could be expanded in the future as additional areas that were used in the operations are investigated. Investigations of two adjacent creeks has been included in the studies. Currently, the remedial investigation of the site has been broken up into six operable units: groundwater; lagoon area; Kokomo and Wildcat Creeks; Maryland Avenue Quarry; main plant; and slag materials. Contamination due to the presence of various volatile organic compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and several metals, including lead, has been found on and near the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and State actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 06/24/88 Final Date: 03/31/89 Threats and Contaminants I The groundwater and surface water contain VOCs and heavy metals including chromium, cadmium, iron, and manganese. Liquids in the quarry pond and lagoon contain VOCs and heavy metals including copper, zinc, and mercury. Sludges and creek sediments contain heavy metals including cadmium, chromium, iron, and manganese; VOCs; and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Soils are contaminated with heavy metals, PCBs, phenols, phthalates, and VOCs. PCBs were found in fish caught in Kokomo and Wildcat Creeks. People could be exposed to contaminants by coming into direct contact with or accidentally ingesting contaminated groundwater, soil, sludge, surface water, liquids, or sediments. In addition, eating contaminated fish from the creeks could pose a health hazard. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Initial Actions: In October 1989, the Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM) began removing and disposing of pickle liquor from the lagoon area. From 1990 through 1993 U.S. EPA carried out several removal actions in the quarry and main plant areas. At the Maryland Avenue Quarry, surface drums and approximately 1100 drums that were in the pond have been removed. In the main plant, drums and contaminated soils have been addressed and capacitor and transformer oils have been removed. Entire Site: The State has taken the lead in conducting a remedial investigation and a feasibility study for the remediation of the site using Superfund money. These actions are presently on-going. Site Facts: Continental Steel Corporation filed for bankruptcy in 1985 and ceased operations at the site in 1986. Environmental Progress The removal of drums and contaminated soil has reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the Continental Steel Corporation site while studies are taking place and final cleanup activities are being planned. Site Repository Kokomo-Howard County Public Library, 220 West Union Street, Kokomo, IN 46901 May 1994 CONTINENTAL STEEL CORPORATION ------- DOUGLAS ROAD/UNIRO LANDFILL INDIANA EPA ID# IND980607881 EPA REGION 5 St. Joseph County Mishawaka Site Description The 19-acre Douglas Road/Uniroyal, Inc. Landfill site is owned by Uniroyal, Inc. and was operated between 1954 and 1979. From 1954 to 1971, solvents, fly ash, paper, wood stock, rubber, and plastic wrap were disposed of at the unlined landfill. After operations ceased, the landfill was covered with topsoil and seeded. According to the company, some 6,000 barrels of waste were disposed of at the landfill. The South Bend Water Department operates seven wells within 3 miles of the site that serve approximately 120,000 people. Approximately 2,100 people live within a one mile radius of the site. Juday Creek is located approximately 2,000 feet from the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 06/10/86 Final Date: 03/31/89 Threats and Contaminants The groundwater is contaminated with hydrocarbons. Potential health risks include touching or accidentally ingesting the contaminated groundwater. The site is secured, reducing the potential for direct access. Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. May 1994 ------- Response Action Status Entire Site: Uniroyal, Inc. has initiated an investigation to determine the type and extent of contamination at the landfill and to identify cleanup remedies. The work was being conducted under the monitoring of the Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM) until Uniroyal, Inc. filed for bankruptcy in 1992. Field work by the EPA began in April, 1994 and the FS will be completed in mid to late 1995. Site Facts: In 1989, the IDEM signed a Consent Order under which Uniroyal, Inc. initiated an investigation to determine the type and extent of contamination at the site. In 1992, Uniroyal Inc. filed for bankruptcy and informed the EPA and the IDEM that they could no longer conduct site investigation activities. The EPA is taking over these activities. Environmental Progress After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that no immediate actions were required at the Douglas Road/Uniroyal, Inc. Landfill while studies take place and cleanup activities are planned. Site Repository Mishawaka-Penn Public Library, 209 Lincoln Way East, Mishawaka, IN 46544 St. Joseph County Health Department, County-City Building, 9th Floor, South Bend, IN 46601 May 1994 DOUGLAS ROAD/UNIROYAL, INC. LANDFILL ------- ENVIROCHEM CORPORATION INDIANA EPAID#IND08425£95t EPA REGION 5 Boone County 10 miles northwest of Indianapolis Site Description The 6 1/2-acre Envirochem Corporation site is an inactive facility that processed and reclaimed solvents from 1977 until 1982, when the State closed the site. Wastes such as resins, paint sludges, waste oils, and flammable solvents were received in drums and bulk tankers and were stored on site in drums and storage tanks. On-site accumulation and unauthorized discharge of contaminated stormwater, poor management of drum inventory, unapproved burning of chlorinated hydrocarbons and other solvents, and several spills brought the State and the EPA to investigate the site. The State prohibited further shipment of waste to the site; however, over 20,000 drums and 400,000 gallons of waste remained on site. Additionally, contaminated underground and aboveground storage tanks and wastewater in holding ponds were present. This material was removed in a removal action 1983-84. Approximately 50 people live within 1 mile of the site. The City of Indianapolis uses the Eagle Creek Reservoir as its drinking water supply. A rainstorm caused a waste pond to overflow into an unnamed ditch on site and then to Finley Creek. In 1985, the State noted that runoff from the site enters the Eagle Creek Reservoir. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 12/30/82 Final Date: 09/08/83 Threats and Contaminants ZE Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals including barium, lead, and nickel. Sediments contain lead. VOCs, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phenols, and phthalates are contaminating the soils. Surface water contains VOCs. People could be exposed to contaminants by coming into direct contact with or accidentally ingesting contaminated groundwater, soil, surface water, or sediments. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Immediate Actions: In 1983 and 1984, the EPA and a group of parties potentially responsible for site contamination performed immediate actions that included removing and treating waste from on-site storage tanks, removing and treating 5,650 cubic yards of contaminated soils, and fencing the site. Actions also were taken to prevent contaminated water from overflowing into surface waters off site. Bulk tanks and treating water from cooling ponds were removed, in addition to 3,085 drums and 167,000 gallons of liquid waste. The EPA also removed two underground storage tanks, cleaned and disposed of bulk storage tanks and miscellaneous piping, and placed a clay cap on the surface of the site. The holding pond was drained and capped, and the water in the pond was sent off site to an approved facility for treatment. Tanks on site were sampled, and the contents were tested for compatibility. Tanks with compatible contents were combined and then dried and cleaned. Sludge from the tanks was put into drums for off-site removal and treatment. Other underground tanks and pipes were located and recovered. The tanks containing PCBs were cleaned and rinsed. The transformer was drained and rinsed with fuel oil. The entire site was then capped and seeded, and drainages were set up to control the water that runs onto the site when it rains. In 1985, the EPA installed a sump to collect contaminated groundwater. Entire Site: In 1987, the EPA completed a study of options for addressing contamination at the site and selected the following cleanup measures: installing a permanent cap over the site to prevent contaminants in the soil from moving off site, and installing a system to pump and treat contaminated groundwater. In 1991, the EPA amended the selected remedy to include soil vapor extraction, rather than groundwater collection and treatment. This new remedy is expected to reduce the time required significantly to clean up the site. The site preparation and materials phase of the final cleanup has been designed and constructed; construction was essentially completed November 30, 1993. The final phase of the cleanup is currently in the design stage. Site Facts: A Consent Decree was negotiated between the EPA, the State of Indiana, and 254 potentially responsible parties, which included the establishment of a fund to finance the removal work that the EPA began in 1983. The parties also agreed to perform final cleanup work at the site. Based on a demonstration pilot study, the potentially responsible parties entered into a 1991 Consent Decree to use vapor extraction technology to clean up the site. May 1994 ENVIROCHEM CORPORATION ------- Environmental Progress The removal of tanks, drums, liquid wastes, and contaminated soil, the securing of the site, and the additional immediate actions described above have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous substances at the Envirochem Corporation site while final cleanup activities are taking place. Site Repository Hussey Memorial Library, 225 West Hawthorne, Zionsville, IN 46077 ENVIROCHEM CORPORATION May 1994 ------- FISHER-CALO INDIANA EPAID# IND0743158961 EPA REGION 5 LaPorte County 1 1/2 miles northeast of Kingsbury Heights Other Names: Fisher-Calo Chemical and Solvents Site Description The 250-acre Fisher-Calo site consists of two separate tracts: a 10-acre portion of the site known as the "One Line Facility" and a 240-acre portion of the site known as the "Two Line Facility." The site is a former industrial chemical processing and distribution facility. The facility is located in an area that previously housed the Kingsbury Ordnance Plant, a U.S. military installation used to manufacture weapons. In the early 1960s, the ordnance plant was closed, and the land was purchased by a private developer who subdivided the property to form an industrial park. Sodium hypochlorite was produced and sulfur dioxide, chloride, ammonia, and various solvents were packaged at the site. For several years, a solvent reclamation facility that recovered paint and metal cleaning solvents for resale operated at the site. Cyanide, acids, and metal plating wastes were also accepted from other industries, stored in metal drums, and stockpiled on the site or dumped on the ground. In 1978, a fire broke out at the site's solvent reclamation facility, destroying several bulk storage tanks, trucks, and drums of chemical wastes and solvents. Later that year, buried drums were discovered on the property. In 1979 and 1980, drums containing chemicals and sludges were removed from the site. Waste materials, mostly stillbottoms, are stored in drums, tanks, and containers at the site. Some of the drums are reportedly leaking. The site is fenced, but only the main gate is guarded. Approximately 3,700 people live within 4 miles of the site. The nearest public water supply well is 1/2 mile from the site, and the closest residence using groundwater as a water source is 1 1/2 miles from the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 12/30/82 Final Date: 09/08/83 Threats and Contaminants On-site groundwater and soils are contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). On-site soils also contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and semi-volatiles. The greatest health risk to people is through drinking contaminated groundwater or touching contaminated soils. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Initial Actions: In 1989, the parties potentially responsible for site contamination, under EPA monitoring, fenced the site and staged and removed empty drums. The potentially responsible parties are sampling and disposing of the drums, tanks, and containers of hazardous waste and the visibly contaminated soil. These activities are nearly completed. Entire Site: The EPA conducted an investigation into the nature and extent of contamination at the site. The remedy selected in 1990 includes several components. Soil contaminated with PCBs and semi-volatiles will be treated by excavation and thermal treatment; soil flushing or soil vapor extraction will treat any VOC-contaminated soils remaining after excavation. Groundwater extraction wells will be installed from which the groundwater will be pumped and treated with air stripping; treated groundwater will be reinjected into the aquifer. Asbestos will be assessed and limited asbestos removal or repair of existing structures is planned. A new water supply will be installed. Soil gas testing, and installation and upgrading of security fences around the site are also planned. The design of the selected technologies is underway. Site Facts: Fisher-Calo entered into a Consent Agreement with the EPA in 1982, agreeing to conduct quarterly groundwater monitoring at the site to determine whether contaminants had dissipated to acceptable levels. In 1988, the EPA issued a Unilateral Order to the potentially responsible parties requiring them to conduct initial cleanup activities at the site. Environmental Progress Fencing the site, removing empty drums, and disposing of hazardous waste and contaminated soils have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants at the Fisher-Calo site while cleanup technologies are being designed and cleanup activities are being planned. About 3400 buried drums have been excavated and overpacked for off-site disposal. Site Repository La Porte County Public Library, 904 Indiana Avenue, La Porte, IN 46350 May 1994 - FISHER-CALO ------- FORT WAYNE REDUCTION DU INDIANA EPA ID# IND9806795 EPA REGION 5 Allen County Fort Wayne Site Description The 35-acre Fort Wayne Reduction Dump site is a former municipal landfill and waste disposal facility. Before 1967, the site was uncultivated farmland often used for dumping unknown waste. Between 1967 and 1976, the facility accepted wastes including residential garbage, sewage, industrial liquid waste, paper, and wood. Wastes were incinerated, and the residual ash was disposed of on the site. Volatile liquids were dumped from drums into a pit adjacent to the Maumee River. The site consists of two areas: the 15-acre eastern portion used as the general refuse landfill, and a 5-acre western section used for the disposal of industrial wastes, building debris, barrels of unidentified wastes, and residual ash from the incinerator. In 1970, Fort Wayne Reduction changed its name to National Recycling Corporation (NRC) and built a recycling plant for processing solid waste. The recycling stopped in 1975, and the building was torn down in 1985. NRC was acquired by Service Corporation of America (SCA) in 1973. SCA was denied a municipal refuse permit, and operations ceased in 1976. Waste Management acquired SCA in 1984. Two residential communities are located approximately 1/2 mile from the dump. The Maumee River borders the property, and the site is in the 100-year flood plain. Approximately 1,100 people use private wells as a source of drinking water. Two areas on the site are designated as wetlands. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/15/84 Final Date: 06/10/86 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals. Heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols, and VOCs are present in the soil. People who come into direct contact with or accidentally ingest contaminated groundwater or soil may be at risk. Contaminants have migrated into the Maumee River through groundwater discharge. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Entire Site: In 1988, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the site by: closing the eastern portion of the site to prevent erosion and eliminating potential direct contact threats; monitoring the groundwater as it flows from the site to the Maumee River; installing a system to collect groundwater between the site and the Maumee River and treating the groundwater, if necessary; excavating drums (estimated at 4,600) and incinerating their contents as needed; backfilling the excavated areas; closing the western portion of the site to prevent erosion and eliminate potential direct contact threats; constructing a fence around the site; imposing deed restrictions on the use of the land; and installing erosion mats and planting vegetation to reduce erosion during Maumee River floods. Waste Management, under EPA monitoring, designed the technical specifications for the cleanup. Construction of the remedy for the eastern portion was completed in the summer of 1991. The design of the cleanup measures for the portion is complete. The drum removal activity began in February 1993 and was completed in May 1994. Over 27,000 drums were removed. The construction of the western portion cap will begin in June 1994. The ground water treatment facility will be brought on-line in June 1994. All construction is scheduled for completion in the fall of 1994. Environmental Progress After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that no immediate actions were required at the Fort Wayne Reduction Dump site. Cleanup actions in the eastern portion of the site currently are underway, while the design of the cleanup approach for the western site area is complete. Site Repository Allen County Public Library, 900 Webster Street, Forte Wayne, IN 46801 May 1994 FOFIT WAYNE REDUCTION DUMP ------- GALEN MYERS DUMP/DRUM SALVAGE INDIANA EPA ID# IND980999635 Site Description EPA REGION 5 St. Joseph County Osceola From 1960 to 1982, drums from local industries were stored and recycled at the 5-acre Galen Myers Dump/Drum Salvage site. The tops were removed, the contents were dumped into a pit and driveway, and the drums were sold as trash containers. In 1984, the EPA found many leaking and deteriorating drums on the site and removed them in 1985. In 1986, the Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM) found soil and private wells to be contaminated. Approximately 17,000 people obtain drinking water from wells located within 3 miles of the site. The St. Joseph River is located 1 mile from the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and State actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 06/24/88 Final Date: 03/31/89 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater and soil are contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The soil also contains phthalates, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and pesticides. Most area residents use private wells for drinking water. The municipal water supply is drawn from the same aquifer as the private wells. People who drink contaminated water or come into direct contact with the water or soils may be at risk. Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. May 1994 ------- Response Action Status Immediate Actions: In 1985, the EPA removed 274 drums of waste and contaminated soils and transported them to a Federally approved storage facility. In 1987, the EPA provided filtered water systems to 10 residences. This involved installing a combination air stripping and carbon filtration system at two residences, whole-house clean carbon filters at three residences, and point of use filters on taps at eight residences. In 1992 and 1993, IDEM provided filtered water systems to 15 additional residences. Entire Site: In 1991, the State began a study to determine the extent of the groundwater and soil contamination at the site. Once the study is completed, final site cleanup measures will be recommended. In January 1994, an action memo was signed to provide a municipal water supply for the residences affected by the Galen Myers Site. Environmental Progress The removal of contaminated materials and the provision of an alternate source of drinking water to affected residences have eliminated the potential of exposure to contaminated drinking water and will continue to protect residents near the Galen Myers Dump/Drum Salvage site while studies leading to the selection of the final cleanup methods are being planned. Site Repository Not established. May 1994 GALEN MYERS DUMP/DRUM SALVAGE ------- HIMCO DUMP INDIANA EPA ID# IND980500292 Site Description EPA REGION 5 Elkhart County Elkhart The 50-acre Himco Dump site, located in the Town of Elkhart, operated as a dump from 1960 until 1976. During its operation, general refuse and medical, pharmaceutical, and industrial wastes were disposed of on the site. As waste was brought into the dump, marshy land was filled in and then covered with sand. The elevation at the center of the site is built up approximately 15 feet. Along the perimeter of the site, the elevation is 5 feet higher than the original levels. The disposal practices make it difficult to determine exact locations where the waste was buried; however, the present topography of the site suggests that waste may have been deposited over the entire 50 acres. Vegetation on the site appears to have been affected by the contamination. During a site inspection in 1984, the EPA observed several leachate streams at various locations, as well as strong sulfate and methane odors. The EPA also detected several contaminants in monitoring wells downgradient of the site. In 1974, the State Health Commissioner advised the site operator to drill deep wells to replace six contaminated shallow residential wells located adjacent to and just south of the site. A 1988 inspection of the site by the Indiana State Board of Health (ISBH) and the Department of Environmental Management identified disposal areas that were uncovered and exposed to the environment. Wells within 3 miles of the site serve at least 20,000 people. The closest residences to the site are located on the southern perimeter. A 200-home mobile home park is located downgradient of the site, to the south of the landfill. Several small industries, a residential area, and land used for agricultural purposes are located in the vicinity of the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and State actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 06/24/88 Final Date: 02/21/90 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals including selenium and beryllium and the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) trichloroethylene (TCE) and toluene. The dump is located over a continuous portion of shallow groundwater that is the sole source of drinking water for the town of Elkhart. There is a significant potential for contamination of the aquifer because there is not an adequate barrier, natural or man-made, to impede leachate flow into the aquifer. The contamination on the site also could adversely affect future residents and the nearby wetlands. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Immediate Actions: In response to complaints of well contamination, the site operator installed deep wells to replace nearby contaminated residential drinking water wells. In 1992, an immediate action was undertaken to remove drums and waste material from a hot spot in the landfill. Entire Site: In 1989, the EPA began a study to assess the nature and extent of site contamination and to identify cleanup options. The EPA finished this study in 1993 and selected the remedy for the site in late 1993. The remedy includes capping the landfill, collection of landfill gas, groundwater monitoring and institutional controls. Site Facts: In 1975, the owner of the site signed a Consent Agreement with the Stream Pollution Control Board of Indiana that resulted in the closure of the site in 1976. Possible contamination of six residential shallow wells, ranging from 22 to 62 feet deep, was reported to the Elkhart County Health Department, the ISBH, and the EPA in 1974. In response to these complaints, the site operator drilled new water wells for these six individuals, and when these wells were sampled in 1984, they were not found to be contaminated. Environmental Progress New wells installed by the site operator for the six residences with contaminated wells has reduced the potential for exposure to the contaminated groundwater. After listing the Himco Dump site on the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary evaluations and determined that the site does not pose an immediate threat to the surrounding community or the environment while the implementation of the final cleanup remedy for the site is taking place. Site Repository Elkhart Public Library, Pierre Moran Branch Library, 2400 Benham Avenue, Elkhart, IN 46517 May 1994 HIMCO DUMP ------- INTERNATIONAL MINERALS & CHEMICAL CO (TERRE HAUTE EAST PLANT) INDIANA EPA ID#INT190010876 EPA REGION 5 Vigo County Terre Haute Other Names: IMC (Terre Haute East Plant) Site Description The International Minerals & Chemical Corp. (Terre Haute East Plant) site consists of 6 acres of a 37-acre lot and is located in southeastern Terre Haute, about 2 miles east of the Wabash River. It is bordered on the east and west by various railroad facilities. From 1946 until 1954, the Commercial Solvents Corporation (CSC) manufactured and stored benzene hexachloride (BHC), a raw material used in the production of pesticides, at the facility. Wastes generated from the production of BHC were collected on the site property in a sump and eventually were disposed of at the Canal Road Dump, located a few miles south of the property. In 1975, International Minerals and Chemical Corporation (IMC) purchased the site. Beginning in 1979, IMC collected samples of soils from the East Plant facility and the Canal Road Dump and analyzed them for the presence of site-related contaminants. IMC also installed monitoring wells on and around the East Plant property to determine if contaminants were migrating from the site into the groundwater. The results of these studies confirmed the presence of BHC in soil samples and in samples collected from two of the groundwater monitoring wells. The EPA became involved in activities at the site in 1984, when contamination was detected in some of the monitoring wells. While residential wells were found to contain varying amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), none of the samples taken contained BHC. The population of the City of Terre Haute is approximately 61,000. The majority of the residences within the vicinity of the site are connected to the municipal water supply system; the others depend on private wells for their drinking water supply. There are approximately 30 nearby residential wells located downgradient of the site. Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/15/84 Final Date: 06/10/86 Deleted Date: 02/11/91 May 1994 ------- Threats and Contaminants Groundwater and soils were contaminated with VOCs including low levels of BHC. Due to the nature of this chemical, it is unlikely that it migrated into the local water supply system. During sampling, three residential wells were found to contain chloroform and associated derivatives at or above the maximum contaminant level for safe drinking water. The removal of the source of contamination resulted in the reduction of contaminants to within safety levels. Potential health threats included direct contact with or inhalation of contaminated soils and accidental ingestion of contaminated groundwater prior to the completion of cleanup activities. Cleanup Approach The site was addressed through immediate actions; further investigations showed that no other cleanup actions were necessary except for maintenance of existing remedies. Response Action Status Immediate Actions: IMC excavated approximately 18,500 cubic yards of contaminated soil, rubble, piping, and other debris. The debris was stockpiled in an on-site mound on the East Plant property. After the completion of this mound, concentrations of BHC in groundwater declined relatively quickly to within safety levels. The stockpile was covered with clay, common fill, and loam, then seeded in 1980 to prevent erosion that could have resulted in exposure to contaminants. This cover included a surface drainage collection system and venting mechanisms that allow gas to escape from the soil. In 1981, IMC, under State and EPA supervision, installed additional groundwater monitoring wells uphill and downhill of the stockpile mound. From 1981 to the present, these wells have been sampled quarterly for the presence of BHC and other contaminants. Entire Site: Because of the immediate actions conducted by IMC in 1980, a decision was reached in 1988 by the EPA that no further cleanup action was necessary at the site. However, the following maintenance activities are being conducted over a 30-year period: inspecting the existing cover on a quarterly basis; maintaining the vegetation cover; monitoring BHC in the groundwater semi-annually for 5 years and annually for the next 25 years; annually reporting of monitoring results to the State; restricting access to the site; and establishing a contingency plan that provides appropriate cleanup measures to be taken if there is a chance that BHC may be released into the environment from the site. The parties potentially responsible for site contamination are conducting the maintenance activities as specified, under EPA monitoring. Both the EPA and the State of Indiana have determined that all appropriate responses at the site have been completed and that no further cleanup actions are necessary. The site was deleted from the NPL in 1991. May 1994 INTERNATIONAL MINERALS & CHEMICAL CORP. (TERRE HAUTE EAST PLANT) ------- Environmental Progress The party potentially responsible for the site contamination took immediate action to remove contaminated materials from the site, which eliminated the potential for exposure to hazardous substances and effectively controlled the movement of contaminants into the groundwater. The EPA has determined that the site no longer poses a threat to public health or the environment and has deleted the International Minerals & Chemical Corp. (Terre Haute East Plant) site from the NPL. Site Repository Not established. INTERNATIONAL MINERALS & CHEMICAL CORP. CTERRE HAUTE EAST PLANT) May 1994 ------- LAKELAND DISPO SERVICE, INC. INDIANA EPA ID# IND064703200 EPA REGION 5 Kosciusko County Claypool Site Description Lakeland Disposal Service, Inc. operated a 39-acre sanitary landfill 3 1/2 miles northwest of Claypool. The landfill was licensed by the Indiana State Board of Health (ISBH) to accept municipal and certain industrial wastes from specific facilities. Beginning in 1974, general refuse and hazardous wastes including cyanide and sludges containing paint, hydroxides of aluminum, and heavy metals were disposed of at the site. In 1978, the Kosciusko County Circuit Court ordered the landfill closed as a result of improper operations. The same year, a new owner began subdividing and selling portions of the landfill to mobile home owners. In 1982, the State conducted a methane gas survey at the closed landfill and detected high concentrations of the gas beside one of the mobile homes. The State filed an injunction requesting that the residents move from the landfill property. In 1983, the Kosciusko County Board of Zoning Appeals ordered the residents to move off the landfill site. Currently, no one resides at the site. Sloan Ditch runs adjacent to the site and flows into Palestine Lake 2 miles away, which is used for recreational activities. There are approximately 1,100 residents within 2 miles of the site who rely on private wells for their water supply. Claypool's two municipal wells are within 3 miles of the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 06/24/88 Final Date: 03/31/89 Threats and Contaminants m The groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals including arsenic, barium, and cadmium and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including trichloroethene and vinyl chloride. On-site soils are contaminated with heavy metals. Accidental ingestion of contaminated water from wells, direct contact with contaminated soil, and the risk of fire and explosion may pose health threats. The area has several wetlands, which could be affected by contaminated runoff from the site. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Entire Site: The parties potentially responsible for the site contamination have begun an investigation to determine the nature and extent of contamination and to identify alternatives for long-term cleanup of the site. The first phase of the investigation was completed in early 1991. The second phase, which included installation of more monitoring wells, wetland delineation, and residential well sampling, was completed in 1992. The cleanup remedy selected in 1993 includes fencing and security to prevent unauthorized access; deed restrictions; removal and proper disposal of buried waste in a "hot spot" area and encountered during other excavation work; construction and maintenance of a landfill cap and gas collection system, subsurface slurry wall to prevent groundwater migration from the site, extraction and treatment of the groundwater within the slurry wall; a monitoring program to ensure that the constructed system is operating effectively, and correction of any deficiencies; and a wetlands assessment with restoration and/or replacement of wetlands, as necessary. Site Facts: In 1989, Dana Corporation, General Motors Corporation, United Technologies Automotive, Inc., and Warsaw Black Oxide, Inc. signed a Consent Order with the EPA, and conducted the investigation of site contamination. Environmental Progress After adding the Lakeland Disposal Service, Inc. site to the NPL, the EPA determined that the site does not pose an imminent threat to the surrounding community and the environment while the investigations leading to the selection of final cleanup remedies for the site are taking place. Site Repository Koscuisko County Health Department, 100 West Center Street, 3rd Floor, Room 2, Warsaw, IN 46580 May 1994 • LAKELAND DISPOSAL SERVICE, INC. ------- LAKE SANDY JO (M & M LANDFILL INDIANA EPA ID# IND980500524 EPA REGION 5 Lake County Gary Site Description The Lake Sandy Jo (M & M Landfill) site covers 40 acres in Gary. The site was a former water-filled borrow pit that was used as a landfill between 1971 and 1980. Various wastes, including construction and demolition debris, garage and industrial wastes, and drums are believed to be buried on the site. The borrow pit originally was dug to support construction of 1-90/84, which is adjacent to the site. In 1971, groundwater filled the pit, and it was used for a short time as a recreational lake. From 1971 until 1975, the pit was filled with various debris. Local residents became concerned over odors from the site and, in 1976, the owners were ordered to drain the lake and to restrict fill to demolition debris only. Later in 1976, the site was sold to Glen and Gordon Martin, who continued filling operations without a license until the site was closed in 1980. Approximately 5,300 people live within 3 miles of the site and draw water from more than 1,400 wells. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 12/30/82 Final Date: 09/08/83 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater, sediments, surface water, and soils contain heavy metals such as arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, and silver; volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including methylene chloride and chloroform; polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); and the pesticide DDT. The soils also are contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalates, and heavy metals. People who come in direct contact with or accidentally ingest contaminated groundwater, soil, surface water, or sediments may be at risk. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the soil and sediments and extension of the water line. Response Action Status Immediate Actions: In 1986, the EPA installed a 6-foot chain-link fence to restrict access to the site. An existing 4-foot fence on the swampy southern side of the site was deemed a sufficient barrier to complete the enclosure. Several days after the installation, vandals stole 100 feet of the fence. To discourage future vandalism, the fence was painted with fluorescent paint, reducing its resale value. Soil and Sediments: Following the selection of cleanup activities in 1986, the EPA has: consolidated all contaminated soil and sediments; installed additional monitoring wells; and covered the site with clean soil and reseeded. These actions were completed in 1990. A groundwater and surface water monitoring program, deed restrictions on the use of the land, and institutional controls on the use of the aquifer are expected to be in effect in 1992. Water Line: Based on the 1986 decision on site cleanup, the EPA is extending a water line to residences affected by the site. The main water line is constructed, however the 40 to 45 residences have not been connected to the water system nor has the system been transferred to the local utility. These activities were completed in 1993. Environmental Progress The installation of a security fence around the site and a cover over the site has reduced threats posed by the Lake Sandy Jo (M & M Landfill) site to the surrounding community and the environment while final cleanup activities are being completed. Site Repository Gary Public Library, 220 West 5th Avenue, Gary, IN 46402 May 1994 LAKE SANDY JO (M & M LANDFILL) ------- LEMON LANE LANDFILL INDIANA EPA ID# IND980794341 EPA REGION 5 Monroe County Bloomington Site Description The Lemon Lane Landfill site is located on the western edge of the City of Bloomington. The site encompasses 10 acres, 3 of which are owned by a private citizen. From 1950 to 1964, the landfill, which had no liner or runoff controls, accepted both municipal and industrial wastes. Allegedly, wastes were burned on site. No records were kept of the types or quantities of wastes received. Of primary concern were large quantities of exposed and leaking capacitors containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Since 1980, the State of Indiana and the EPA sampled the area several times. No PCBs were detected in nearby residential wells at the time, nor were any surface discharges observed. However, the geology of the area suggests that groundwater contamination is possible. Westinghouse Electric Corporation, the party potentially responsible for contamination at the site, is obligated to perform the cleanup of Lemon Lane Landfill, as well as other NPL sites, including one authorized landfill, and an inactive, City-owned wastewater treatment plant in the Bloomington area (Neal's Landfill, Neal's Dump, Bennett Stone Quarry, the Anderson Road Landfill, and the Winston-Thomas Treatment Plant). Under the terms of a 1985 Consent Decree, Westinghouse is required to construct and operate an incinerator to treat the landfill contents. Currently the parties to the Consent Decree are exploring alternative remedies to the incinerator. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL USTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 12/30/82 Final Date: 09/08/83 Threats and Contaminants The principal threats from the site is contamination of groundwater which some residents use as a drinking water supply. In addition, several local springs have been contaminated with low levels of PCBs as a result of contaminant migration from the site. Capping the landfill has reduced the possibility for contaminants to reach the groundwater. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase directed at cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Immediate Actions: In 1983, the EPA constructed a fence around the site to prevent access to the area. The EPA also removed exposed PCB capacitors, graded and covered the southern slopes of the site, regraded and contoured the land to prevent ponding or erosion, and capped the site. In 1988 and 1989, trace studies of the groundwater system around the landfill were conducted to determine the hydrologic connection of springs to the site and to better define the groundwater system. On the basis of this study, the EPA concluded that effects on the local groundwater wells are minimal. Entire Site: An alternate water supply was provided to a resident whose wells showed signs of contamination. One nearby residence was connected to the city water supply in 1988, after the dye trace study determined that its well water supply was contaminated. A synthetic cap was placed on the landfill in 1988. In 1990, Westinghouse concluded high-flow dye trace studies of the flow and presence of contaminated groundwater. Under the provisions of a 1985 Consent Decree, Westinghouse is obligated to perform the following activities: excavation of approximately 176,000 cubic yards of soil and material from the landfill to a pre-Westinghouse depth plus 3 feet of buffer zone; incineration of excavated materials in an approved facility; and periodic groundwater monitoring. Currently, the Consent Decree parties are exploring alternative remedies to incineration. Environmental Progress By constructing a fence to restrict site access, removing the PCB capacitors, and grading and installing a synthetic liner cap over the site to limit movement of contaminants from the property, the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Lemon Lane Landfill site has been reduced pending final cleanup activities. Site Repository Monroe County Public Library, 303 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47491 May 1994 LEMON LANE LANDFILL ------- MAIN STREET WE FIELD INDIANA EPA ID# IND980794358 Site Description EPA REGION 5 Elkhart County Elkhart Other Names: •Ikhart Main Street Wellfield The Main Street Well Field site consists of 15 wells on 10 acres of land in Elkhart. This well field is the largest of three municipal well fields and supplies about 70 percent of the drinking water for 40,000 residents of Elkhart. In 1981, during an EPA National Groundwater Supply Survey, the well field was found to be contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The EPA resampled water from the well field a month later and discovered elevated concentrations of VOCs in the water used for consumption and in three production wells. Monitoring wells were installed by the City, and sampling indicated that two industries on the eastern boundary of the well field were potential sources of groundwater contamination. In 1982, the City installed two interceptor wells to help prevent further migration of the contaminant plume. At first the contaminant levels decreased, but between 1983 and 1985, they gradually increased. Site Responsibility: The site is being addressed through Federal and State actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 12/30/82 Final Date: 09/08/83 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater and soils contain VOCs including trichloroethylene (TCE). Individuals who come in direct contact with or accidentally ingest contaminated groundwater or soil may be at risk. Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the groundwater, the aquifer, and the soil. May 1994 ------- Response Action Status Immediate Actions: In 1987, the EPA provided drinking water to approximately 300 residents and extended the water main to six businesses, a church, and 293 homes. Carbon filters were installed in 11 homes. Groundwater: In 1985, the EPA selected a remedy to provide a potable water supply by constructing air stripping facilities to remove the contaminated flow from the Main Street Well Field. Contaminated water is pumped from the aquifer, treated, and discharged to the existing water treatment plant and distribution system. The EPA completed all actions involving the installation of the air stripper in 1987. Aquifer: Based on the results of an investigation of the contaminated aquifer, the EPA has selected the following remedies: vacuum extraction of VOCs in the contaminated soil; removal and disposal of contaminants; installation of new well interceptors to prevent continued plume migration; continued use of the air stripper and groundwater monitoring, as well as imposing deed restrictions to limit future uses of the site. Technical designs were approved September 1993. Soil: The EPA will conduct an investigation into the type and extent of remaining soil contamination from the multiple sources contributing to the well field contamination. Once the investigation is completed, the most appropriate methods for soil cleanup, if needed, will be recommended. Environmental Progress A potable water supply has been provided to the communities served by the Main Street Well Field, thereby reducing the potential for exposure to contaminated groundwater. Further investigations will be conducted to determine the sources of soil contamination while the selected remedies are being designed to address contamination of the underlying aquifer. Site Repository Elkhart Public Library, 300 South 2nd Street, Elkhart, IN 46516 May 1994 MAIN STREET WELL FIELD ------- MARION (BRAGG) DUMP INDIANA EPA ID# IND980794366 EPA REGION 5 Grant County Marion Site Description The Marion (Bragg) Dump site covers 72 acres and is located on Central Avenue, just outside Marion. The area is relatively flat, with the Mississinewa River bordering the site on the east and the north. The landfill was formerly a gravel pit. The land was leased for the disposal of various wastes by the Radio Corporation of America and the Bragg Construction Company, which was closed in 1975. That year a transfer station was opened at the site by Waste Reduction Systems, which closed in 1977. The dump contains approximately 1,100,000 cubic yards of wastes, some of which are hazardous, including solvents, plasticizers, lead, and cadmium. Residents in the area depend on groundwater from private and municipal wells for their water supply. A 15-acre pond in the middle of the landfill is connected to the upper aquifer. Some of the northern portion of the site is within the 100-year flood plain of the Mississinewa River. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 12/30/82 Final Date: 09/08/83 Threats and Contaminants The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including benzene and trichloroethene. The soil is contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and arsenic. Those who come in direct contact with or accidentally ingest contaminated groundwater or soil may be at risk, although the wells in the immediate area, which draw on the aquifer, have not been found to contain contaminants. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase directed at cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Entire Site: In 1987, the EPA selected the following remedies for the site: regrading and capping the site to promote runoff, reduce infiltration, eliminate leachate seepage, and prevent direct contact with surface soils and exposed waste; providing and maintaining flood control measures to protect the portions of the site in the flood plain; constructing and maintaining a fence around the site; replacing private drinking water wells in the deep aquifer for users within a specified boundary; sealing shallow wells; conducting supplemental studies to complete investigations of the groundwater and pond; and operating and maintaining the remedies at the site. Some of the potentially responsible parties installed a fence around the site, drilled new monitoring wells, and completed capping the site. The supplemental studies of the groundwater and the adjacent surface waters are on-going. Within about a year it is expected that a decision will be made concerning any need to address the groundwater at the site. Environmental Progress By constructing a fence around the site and a cap over the site, the potential for exposure to hazardous materials from the Marion (Bragg) Dump site has been reduced. Studies of the groundwater and the surface water are on-going. Site Repository Marion Public Library, 600 South Washington Street, Marion, IN 46953. May 1994 MARION (BRAGG) DUMP ------- MIDCO I INDIANA EPA ID#IND980615421 EPA REGION 5 Lake County Gary Other Names: Midwest Solvents Recovery Site Description The Midwest Solvent Recovery Company (MIDCO) I site is a 4-acre, abandoned industrial waste recycling, storage, and disposal facility in Gary. Recycling, storing, and disposing of industrial wastes began at the site some time before 1973. In 1973, approximately 6,000 to 7,000 drums were observed on the site. Later, four bulk tanks, each with a capacity of 4,000 to 10,000 gallons, were found on the site. In 1976, a fire burned approximately 14,000 drums of chemical waste. Operations resumed in 1977 under new management, but by 1979, the facility was abandoned, leaving an estimated 14,000 drums stockpiled on site. In 1981, severe flooding caused water in the area to drain into a neighboring city to the west; contact with the flood water reportedly resulted in skin burns. Following a fire in 1976, MIDCO I moved to a new location, known as MIDCO II, which also is on the NPL. Residential neighborhoods are near the site, with one resident living as close as 900 feet from the site. Twelve drinking water wells have been identified in the Calumet Aquifer, within approximately a mile from the site, in the downgradient groundwater flow direction. The Calumet Aquifer is highly susceptible to contamination from surface sources. The area surrounding the site is mixed light industrial, commercial, and residential, and contains wetlands. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 12/30/82 Final Date: 09/08/83 May 1994 ------- Threats and Contaminants ZIAJ Groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including trichloroethylene (TCE), vinyl chloride, benzene, methylene chloride; semi-volatile compounds; metals; and cyanide. Sediments and soils are contaminated with VOCs, semi-volatiles, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), metals, cyanide, and chlordane, a pesticide. VOCs, chromium, lead, cadmium, and cyanide were detected in surface waters northeast of the site. Contaminants in the soil are leaching into the groundwater. The contaminated groundwater in turn is migrating off site and eventually may affect downgradient drinking water wells. People who come in direct contact with or accidentally ingest contaminated groundwater, surface water, sediments, or soil may be at risk. The contamination may also be adversely affecting wildlife and plants in or around the wetlands. High sodium chloride in the ground water make it unacceptable for a surface water discharge even if treated to remove the hazardous substances. Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Immediate Actions: A security fence was installed around the site in 1981. In 1982, to address the immediate threats to the public, the EPA removed extensive surface wastes, an underground tank, drums, and the top 1 foot of contaminated soil. Much of the site was then covered with a temporary clay cover. Entire Site: To address the contaminated subsurface soil, sediment, and groundwater, the EPA selected the following cleanup actions in 1989: treatment of approximately 12,400 cubic yards of contaminated soil and subsurface materials using a combination of soil vapor extraction and solidification/stabilization, followed by on-site disposal; excavation and on-site solidification/stabilization of approximately 1,200 cubic yards of contaminated sediment from surrounding wetlands; installation of a final site cover; installation and operation of a treatment system to remove hazardous substances from the contaminated groundwater, followed by deep well injection of the salt-contaminated water, or installation and operation of a treatment system, followed by reinjection of the salt-contaminated groundwater into the Calumet Aquifer in a manner that will prevent spreading of the salt plume; groundwater monitoring; and implementation of deed and access restrictions. In 1992, the EPA approved an amendment to the selected remedies. The amendment proposed a change in the method for determining how much soil will be treated. As a result of the amendment, it is estimated that 7,800 cubic yards of soil will be treated. The amendment also further defined the criteria for treatment prior to deep well injection, the performance criteria for soil treatment, and other requirements. A group of PRPs have agreed to implement the final remedy. The design of the ground water extraction, treatment and deep well injection system is nearing completion, with construction expected to be May 1994 MIDCO I ------- initiated during the summer of 1994. Sediment excavation and installation of the deep well was conducted during the summer and fall of 1993. Site Facts: In June 1985, a group of potentially responsible parties agreed to reimburse the EPA for past cleanup action costs and to perform the site investigation. This Consent Decree became effective in August 1985. The EPA issued an Administrative Order in 1989, instructing the potentially responsible parties to conduct the remaining site cleanup, when the PRPs did not agree to implement the final remedy without conditions that were unacceptable to EPA. Subsequently, EPA reached a global settlement with PRPs for the PRPs to implement the final remedy and for cost recovery. The Consent Decree for this settlement was entered in court on June 23, 1992. Environmental Progress The removal of the contaminated materials and soils from the site and the installation of a fence and a temporary cover have reduced the threat of exposure to hazardous materials while cleanup actions for the MIDCO I site are being designed. Site Repository Gary Public Library, 220 West 5th Avenue, Gary, IN 46402 MIDCO I May 1994 ------- MIDCO II INDIANA EPA ID# IND980679559 EPA REGION 5 Lake County Gary Other Names: Midwest Industrial Waste Disposal Company Site Description The Midwest Industrial Waste Disposal Company (MIDCO) II site is an abandoned, industrial waste recycling/disposal facility covering 7 acres in Gary. The operators of the MIDCO I facility, another NPL site, relocated to the MIDCO II location after a fire in 1976. Operations at MIDCO II began in 1976 and included temporary bulk liquid and drum storage of waste and recyclable materials, neutralization of acids and caustics, and on-site dumping of waste into pits, which allowed wastes to percolate into the groundwater. One of these pits had an overflow pipe leading into a ditch that drains into the Grand Calumet River. In 1977, a fire at MIDCO n destroyed equipment, buildings, and an estimated 50,000 to 60,000 drums. The site was abandoned after the fire. Burned-out drums, drums containing chemical wastes, 12 aboveground tanks with 10,000-gallon capacity, and one underground tank were abandoned on the site. Approximately 479,000 people live within 3 miles of the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/15/84 Final Date: 06/10/86 Threats and Contaminants Contaminants affecting the groundwater include volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as methylene chloride, benzene, toluene, and trichloroethylene (TCE); other organics including isoporone; cyanide; and arsenic, lead, and other heavy metals. The groundwater also is so highly contaminated with sodium and potassium chloride that it is unacceptable for a surface water discharge even if treated to remove hazardous substances. Sediments and soils are contaminated with similar substances and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Potential health risks exist for individuals include accidentally ingesting or coming into direct contact with the contaminated soil, sediment, or groundwater. Migration of contaminants through the groundwater may threaten the off-site aquifer and downstream wetlands. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Immediate Actions: From 1984 to 1989, the EPA repaired and extended the site fence; sampled and removed all the remaining drums, tanks, and debris from the site's surface; and excavated the sludge pits and filter pit contents. The resulting PCB-contaminated pile was removed and disposed of in an off-site hazardous waste landfill in early 1986. Most of the cyanide-contaminated pile also was removed. Entire Site: The major components of the remedies selected by the EPA in 1989 are: on-site treatment of an estimated 35,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil and waste material by solidification/stabilization, with the solidified material remaining on site; excavation and on-site solidification/stabilization of approximately 500 cubic yards of contaminated sediments in the ditch adjacent to the northeastern boundary of the site; installation and operation of a groundwater pump and treat system to intercept and treat contaminated groundwater; installation and operation of injection wells for disposal of the treated water; installation of a conduit in the ditch along the site and a final site cover; restriction of site access and imposition of deed restrictions as appropriate; and related testing and long-term monitoring. In 1992, the EPA approved an amendment to the selected remedies. The amendment proposed a change in the method for determining how much soil will be treated. As a result of the amendment, it is estimated that 18,300 cubic yards of contaminated sediment will be treated. The amendment also further defined the criteria for treatment prior to deep well injection, the performance criteria for soil treatment, and other requirements. A group of PRPs have agreed to implement the final remedy. The design of the ground water extraction, treatment and deep well injection system is nearing completion, with construction expected to be initiated during the summer of 1994. Some sediment excavation and installation of the deep well was conducted during the summer and fall of 1993. Site Facts: In June 1985, a group of potentially responsible parties agreed to reimburse the EPA for past cleanup action costs and to perform the site investigation. This Consent Decree became effective in August 1985. In December 1989, the EPA issued an Administrative Order to the parties to perform the cleanup actions at the MIDCO I and II sites, when the PRPs did not agree to implement the remedy without conditions that were unacceptable to EPA. Subsequently, EPA reached a global settlement with the PRPs for the PRPs to implement the final remedy and for cost recovery. The Consent Decree for this settlement was entered in court on June 23, 1992. May 1994 MIDCO ------- Environmental Progress By fencing the MIDCO II site and removing drums, tanks, and debris, the EPA has reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials while the technical specifications for the remedies selected for final site cleanup are being prepared by the EPA. Site Repository Gary Public Library, 220 West 5th Avenue, Gary, IN 46402 MIDCO II May 1994 ------- MEAL'S DUMP (SPENCER) INDIANA EPA ID# IND980794549 EPA REGION 5 Owen County Spencer Site Description The Neal's Dump site covers approximately 1/2 acre in Spencer. The dump operated from 1966 until 1971, when it was closed. During its operation, the owner accepted electrical capacitors, oil-stained rags, and sawdust from the Westinghouse facility nearby. The Westinghouse Electric Corporation ("Westinghouse"), the party potentially responsible for the contamination at the site, is responsible for the clean up of Neal's Dump, as well as three other NPL sites, an inactive city-owned wastewater treatment plant, and an authorized landfill in the Bloomington area. These sites are: Neal's Landfill, Lemon Lane Landfill, Bennett Stone Quarry, Winston-Thomas Treatment Plant, and Anderson Road Landfill. Under the provisions of a 1985 Consent Decree, Westinghouse is obligated to construct an incinerator, to destroy PCBs from the site, and that will comply with all applicable local, State, and Federal laws. Currently, the parties to the Consent Decree are exploring alternative remedies for cleanup of the site. Approximately 175 people live within 1 mile of the site, and 954 people live within 3 miles. Forty-nine wells are located within a mile of the site. Located adjacent to the site are natural springs, a stream, and the White River. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/15/84 Final Date: 06/10/86 Threats and Contaminants The principal threat posed by the site is through drinking water contaminated with PCBs. On-site monitoring wells show PCB concentrations at and above health advisory levels, however, testing of residential monitoring wells has not indicated the presence of PCBs. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Immediate Actions: In 1983, under the EPA's monitoring, the parties potentially responsible for the contamination installed a soil cap, installed monitoring wells, constructed a security fence, and a surface drainage control Entire Site: Under the provisions of a 1985 Consent Decree, the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, is obligated to perform the following cleanup actions: excavate all contaminated materials plus a 2-foot buffer zone; incinerate excavated materials in an approved facility; and monitor groundwater. In the summer of 1991, permit applications were submitted for constructing the incinerator and for landfilling its waste by-product ash. Currently, the parties to the Consent Decree are exploring alternatives to the incinerator required by the Consent Decree. Environmental Progress By constructing a security fence, capping the site, and installing a drainage control system, the parties potentially responsible for site contamination have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Neal's Dump site pending final cleanup actions. Site Repository Monroe County Public Library, 303 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47491 May 1994 NEAL'S DUMP (SPENCER) ------- MEAL'S LANDFIL (BLOOMINGTON INDIANA EPAID# IND980614556 Site Description EPA REGION 5 Monroe County Bloomington The Neal's Landfill (Bloomington) site covers approximately 18 acres in Bloomington. The site was used as an industrial and municipal waste landfill from 1950 to 1972. The main fill area measures about 300 yards. Later, the landfill was used as a pasture for beef cattle. A number of springs surface near the site and flow to Richland Creek, a tributary of the White River. In 1966 and 1967, capacitors and arresters containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as well as PCB-contaminated capacitor insulation material, rags, and filter clay, were disposed of at the landfill. Capacitors and other contaminated materials are visible on the surface. PCBs have been found in surface soils in the northeast portion of the landfill, the springs near the site, and the sediments of Richard Creek. The Westinghouse Electric Corporation, the party potentially responsible for the contamination at the site, is treating Neal's Landfill (Bloomington) site, as well as three other NPL sites, an inactive City-owned wastewater treatment plant, and an authorized landfill in the Bloomington area. These areas are Neal's Dump, Lemon Lane Landfill, Bennett's Dump, Winston-Thomas Treatment Plant, and Anderson Road Landfill. Approximately 121 people live within a mile of the site, and about 1,085 people live within 3 miles of the site. Conard's Branch and Richland Creek are nearby. In 1983, surface capacitors from the site were removed, a clay cap and erosion controls were installed, and a site security fence was erected. In 1989, a springwater treatment plant near the site became operational and currently treats contaminated springwater near the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/22/81 Final Date: 09/08/83 Threats and Contaminants The principal threats posed by the site are from potentially contaminated groundwater. Residents in the vicinity of the site use groundwater wells for drinking water. In addition, springwater which bypasses the treatment plant during rainfall can contaminate the surface waters of Conards Branch and Richland May 1994 ------- Creek. Fish from Richland Creek which become contaminated may pose a risk to anglers. Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase directed at cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Immediate Actions: Under the EPA's monitoring, the parties potentially responsible for the contamination installed a cap, erosion control fences, a security fence, and drainage control trenches. Warning signs have been posted along Conard's Branch and Richland Creek. A sediment collection system also was installed at Conard's Branch. Westinghouse removed PCB-contaminated sediments from Richland Creek and Conard's Branch in late 1989. A treatment plant has been constructed by Westinghouse to treat spring water discharge from Neal's Landfill. Entire Site: In 1988, Westinghouse began a cleanup program, including: excavating all 4,060 tons of sediment from Conard's Branch; storing excavated materials in an approved facility until an approved incinerator and by-product disposal area are developed; operating a carbon treatment system for spring water discharges; and monitoring the groundwater. Westinghouse conducted a dye trace study to investigate groundwater flow patterns from Neal's Landfill. Groundwater monitoring occurs on a quarterly basis for on-site wells. Dye trace testing began in April 1992 and sampling was completed in June 1992. Removal of sediments from mouths of springs is ongoing. Under the provisions of a 1985 Consent Decree, Westinghouse is required to construct an incinerator to treat the landfill contents. Currently, the parties to the Consent Decree are exploring alternative remedies to the required incinerator. Environmental Progress Immediate actions including capping and fencing the landfill and long-term activities including excavating sediment, treating the spring water, and groundwater monitoring have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Neal's Landfill (Bloomington) site while final cleanup actions are pending. May 1994 NEAL'S LANDFILL (BLOOMINGTON) ------- Site Repository Monroe County Public Library, 303 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47491 May 1994 ------- NINTH AVENUE DUMP INDIANA EPA ID# IND980794432 EPA REGION 5 Lake County Gary Site Description Ninth Avenue Dump is an inactive chemical and industrial waste disposal site located in Gary, Indiana. It is approximately a seventeen acre parcel in an area of mixed industrial, commercial, and residential use. The site is located in a low-lying area with poor drainage. Hazardous waste disposal occurred at the site from the early to mid-1970s, with some filling, believed to have been associated with some cleanup activities, continuing until 1980. The site operator accepted dry industrial, construction, and demolition wastes, such as ashes, broken concrete, bricks, trees, wood, tires, cardboard, paper, and car batteries. The site also received liquid industrial wastes, including oil, paint solvents, and sludges, resins, acids, and other chemical wastes. In 1975, the Indiana State Board of Health (ISBH) inspected the site and documented the existence of drums at the surface and found evidence that liquid wastes had been dumped at the site. In 1975 and 1980, the site operator was ordered by ISBH and U.S. EPA, respectively, to initiate surface cleanups. In 1983, a Partial Consent Judgement was signed by U.S. EPA and the site operator that required the operator to evaluate surface and subsurface conditions and submit a plan for remedial action. Around this time, the operator removed drums, tank cars, and some contaminated soils from the site. In early 1985, U.S. EPA took over from the operator the performance of the remedial investigation and feasibility study. The Ninth Avenue Dump site lies a few hundred feet north of the Midco I NPL site and is north of an Indiana Department of Highways maintenance facility that formerly had an outdoor salt storage pile. It is across the street from the H & H Enterprises site where a large fire occurred in 1993 and which is being addressed by the removal program. There is a residential area on the other side of Cline Avenue which lies approximately 1/8 mile to the west. The site is adjacent to several ponds and a wetland area. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 12/30/82 Final Date: 09/08/83 May 1994 ------- Threats and Contaminants Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including benzene, toluene, and xylenes; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); and heavy metals including nickel and silver. On-site groundwater contains a hydrocarbon layer containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, VOCs, and PAHs. PAHs, toluene, cadmium, and lead were detected in off-site surface soil. On-site sediment samples contained PAHs and PCBs. Accidental ingestion of contaminated groundwater, surface water, soil, or sediments may present health risks. Groundwater monitoring at the nearest active private drinking well did not detect any site-related contaminants./The site is currently fenced and, while work is ongoing, there is a guard present continuously. Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in two stages: Interim site remedy and final site remedy. Response Action Status Interim Site Remedy: This remedy, the subject of a September 1988 Record of Decision (ROD) and an October 1991 Explanation of Significant Differences (ESD), has resulted in the installation of a soil/bentonite slurry wall around most of the contamination at the site. Also, part of this remedy has been the installation and operation of an oil/groundwater extraction system, groundwater treatment system, groundwater recharge system, and oil storage tanks. The purpose of this part of the remedy has been to remove the extractable part of the oil layer, which has been stored temporarily at the site and then sent to an off-site incinerator. A surface water removal and treatment system, with discharge to the Grand Calumet River under a NPDES (National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System) permit, has also been installed and operated to control the amount of water ati the site. Final Site Remedy: This remedy, the subject of a June 1989 ROD, was to include the excavation and thermal treatment of oil-contaminated waste and fill down to the native sand, estimated to involve about 36,000 yd , capping the site after the treatment residuals were placed in the excavated area, extraction, treatment, and reinjection of groundwater within the slurry wall, and disposal of a small quantity of treated groundwater outside the slurry wall to control the amount of water within the slurry wall. As the result of further studies at the site, in Spring 1994 a Proposed Plan for a ROD Amendment has been issued to change this remedy, deleting the excavation and thermal treatment and the soil flushing and adding soil vapor extraction for the area inside the slurry wall. May 1994 NINTH AVENUE DUMP ------- Site Facts: The interim and final site remedies are being done by a group of potentially responsible parties as the result of two unilateral administrative orders, one issued in December 1988 and the other issued in August 1989. Environmental Progress By removing the most heavily contaminated materials; fencing in the site; and posting a guard at the entrance 24 hours a day to restrict access, the potential for exposure to hazardous materials on the Ninth Avenue Dump site has been reduced while final cleanup actions are being designed and completed. Site Repository Gary Public Library, 220 West 5th Avenue, Gary, IN 46402 NINTH AVENUE DUMP May 1994 ------- NORTHSIDE SAN LANDFILL, INC. INDIANA EPA ID# IND050530872 EPA REGION 5 Boone County Zionsville Site Description The Northside Sanitary Landfill (NSL) covers approximately 70 acres of a 170-acre parcel of land. The site is located in Union Township, about 10 miles northwest of Indianapolis. At least 16 million gallons of hazardous wastes have been deposited in the landfill. The NSL opened in the 1950s as an open dump and was licensed by the State in 1971 to accept hazardous wastes. From 1972 to 1973, numerous operating deficiencies, including the failure to cover refuse, surface burning, underground fires, leachate, and vermin problems resulted in orders from the Indiana State Board of Health (ISBH) to cease operations. In 1982, the owner, at the direction of the ISBH, installed a leachate collection system and three submerged leachate collection tanks on the western side of the site. After the owner removed 400,000 gallons of leachate from the three tanks and disposed of it by spraying it on the landfill, the Indiana Division of Land Pollution Control advised the owner that leachate would have to be solidified prior to disposal. By early 1983, the State Environmental Management Board issued a notice of violation and ordered the owner to stop accepting hazardous waste. A small residential community, Northfield, is located to the north of the site. Approximately 50 residences are located within a mile of the site, and 1,750 residences within 3 miles of the site use wells for drinking water. An unnamed ditch runs along the western edge of the landfill and joins Finley Creek. Finley Creek flows into Eagle Creek about 1/2 mile downstream from the site. Eagle Creek flows south for 10 miles before it empties into Eagle Creek Reservoir, which supplies approximately 6 percent of the drinking water for the City of Indianapolis. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/08/83 Final Date: 09/21/84 May 1994 ------- Threats and Contaminants ZEJ Groundwater, soils, surface water, and sediments are contaminated with pesticides, acids, oils, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including benzene and trichloroethylene (TCE). Potential health risks exist from accidental ingestion of contaminated soils and sediments. Drinking contaminated groundwater also may pose health risks, as may the consumption of fish from Finley Creek that have bioaccumulated contaminants in their tissues. Contamination in the creek may harm wildlife in or around the water. Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Entire Site: In 1987, the EPA selected the following remedy to address the contamination at the site: deed and access restrictions to prevent further development of the site; installation of a multi-layer cap over the site; re-routing of surface waters to reduce the potential for contamination migration; leachate collection and treatment; groundwater collection and treatment; and monitoring to ensure treatment effectiveness. Once the design activities are completed, final cleanup will begin. A 1991 amendment to the remedy selected for Northside Sanitary Landfill called for a pipeline to be constructed to the Indianapolis publicly owned treatment works. Site Facts: The EPA has reached an agreement with the potentially responsible parties to assume responsibility for the cleanup action. The Northside Sanitary Landfill Site is located near the Envirochem Corporation, another site on the NPL. Environmental Progress After adding the Northside Sanitary Landfill, Inc. site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that the site does not pose an imminent threat to the surrounding communities or the environment while final cleanup remedies are being planned. May 1994 NORTHSIDE SANITARY LANDFILL, INC. ------- Site Repository Hussey Memorial Library, 225 West Hawthorne, Zionsville, IN 46077 NORTHSIDE SANITARY LANDFILL, INC. May 1994 ------- POER FARM INDIANA EPA ID# IND980684583 EPA REGION 5 Hancock County 3 miles north of Wilkinson, 5 miles southeast of Knightstown Other Names: Norman Poer Farm Site Description Poer Farm is a 5-acre site located on a small hill between two streams and along East County Road about 3 miles north of Wilkinson. The site is an abandoned tract of land with a house and barn that have collapsed and have been vandalized. The surrounding area is open farmland that supports crops of soybeans and corn. The site consists of three separate areas where Norman Poer and Michael Coleman received and stored about 275 drums of solvents and paint resins from 1973 until 1983. The owners planned to blend these materials into low-quality paint for bridges and barns. They abandoned the project and left the 55-gallon drums on the site. The EPA inspected the site and found that the drums were leaking, and vegetation surrounding the area was damaged. The EPA analyzed the drums and soils underneath them and found volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals. Agricultural lands completely surround the Poer Farm site, and the nearest residence is approximately 650 feet to the north. Approximately 500 people live 3 miles north of the site in Wilkinson, and approximately 2,300 people live 5 miles away in Knightstown. Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/08/83 Final Date: 10/21/84 Deleted Date: 02/11/91 Threats and Contaminants Soils on site contained VOCs including toluene, xylene, and ethyl benzene and heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic, and lead. The EPA sampled the entire site following emergency actions and found no significant levels of contamination that could pose a threat to the environment. Therefore, people near the site are not at risk from exposure to hazardous chemicals. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site was addressed through emergency actions; further investigations showed that no other cleanup actions were required. Response Action Status Emergency Actions: In 1983, the EPA removed all wastes and 6 to 8 inches of soils from the drum storage areas on site. All solid and liquid wastes from the drums were properly disposed of at EPA-regulated landfills. The well on site was sampled, and results showed that the levels of arsenic, cadmium, and lead were at or below the State and Federal standards for drinking water. The site was fenced, and signs to warn the public of contaminants were posted. Entire Site: The EPA completed a study of the nature and extent of contamination at the site in 1985. The party potentially responsible for contamination at the site completed a second study in 1988, under the EPA's monitoring. The purpose of the second study was to determine if the immediate cleanup actions at the site were effective and to ensure that no significant contamination remained at the site that could threaten the health of people around it. Based on the results of the second study, the EPA determined that no further action is needed at the Poer Farm site and deleted the site from the NPL on February 11, 1991. Site Facts: In 1985, a potentially responsible party signed a Consent Order with the EPA and the Indiana Department of Environmental Management, under which the party agreed to reimburse the EPA for past response action costs and to carry out the study of the nature and extent of contamination at the site. Environmental Progress The removal and disposal of hazardous waste and contaminated soils from the Poer Farm site have eliminated the threat to human health and the surrounding environment. The EPA, in conjunction with the State of Indiana, has deleted the Poer Farm site from the NPL. Site Repository Not established. May 1994 POER FARM ------- PRESTOLITE DIVISION INDIANA EPA ID# IND006377048 EPA REGION 5 Knox County Northeast of Vincennes Other Names: Ettra Corporation - Prestolite Battery Division Site Description The 17 1/2-acre Prestolite Battery Division site is an inactive facility that manufactured lead-acid batteries. The Autolite Battery Corporation set up the plant in 1945. Several companies owned and operated the facility until Allied Chemical Company, the latest owner of the site, ceased operations and closed the plant in 1985. Allied received a permit allowing it to temporarily operate the site, but decided to close it before obtaining a long-term operating permit for the plant. Wastewaters from the plant's operations were contaminated with lead and sulfuric acid. Prior to 1978, the plant discharged its wastewaters directly to the Vincennes Sanitary Sewer System. From 1978 until the plant closed in 1985, the plant treated its wastewaters and then released them to a lagoon on site. The Vincennes Treatment Works accepted the overflow from the lagoon. The plant also released air contaminated with lead. Soil on site and in the area has been contaminated with lead, mainly from airborne particles. Malfunctions of equipment on site and accidental spills also have contributed to the contamination of soils. During the plant's operations, industrial sewer lines at the site became plugged with lead, and as a result of leaks and sewer line backups, the soil around some of these sewers and sumps became contaminated with lead. Soil on the site also was contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The manufacturing building on site remains intact, although all process equipment has been removed from inside the building. A fence encloses the site. The site is located within the flood plain of the Wabash River, which is 5,000 feet west of the site. Surface water from the site drains to Kelso and Snapp Creeks; both within 3/4 of a mile of the site. The closest residence is approximately 50 feet away and there are approximately 500 people within a mile of the site. The city of Vincennes maintains seven wells for its municipal water supply, located 3 miles from the site. Private wells also are located in the area around the site, none within the contaminated plume. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/18/85 Final Date: 10/04/89 May 1994 ------- Environmental Progress The removal of contaminated sediments and soils and the installation of a fence around the lagoon have reduced the potential of exposure to hazardous materials at the Prestolite Battery Division site while final studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned. Site Repository Knox County Public Library, 502 North 7th Street, Vincennes, IN 47591 PRESTOLITE BATTERY DIVISION May 1994 ------- REILLY TAR & CHEMICAL CORP. (INDIANAPOUS— PLANT) INDIANA EPA ID# IND000807107I EPA REGION 5 Marion County Indianapolis Site Description The 120-acre Reilly Tar & Chemical Corporation site has been used for the production of specialty chemicals and related products since the early 1950s. Until 1972, a coal-tar refining and wood-treatment facility using creosote operated on the site. Located on site are a trench, a landfill, and several pits used to dispose of wastes. A lime pond received boiler cooling water. The site is fenced. There are approximately 5,200 residents within 3 miles of the site using groundwater for drinking water supplies. A residence is located less than 2,000 feet from the site. All residents now have city water available to them, although private wells still are in use. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/08/83 Final Date: 09/21/84 Threats and Contaminants ZE Groundwater and surface water are contaminated with benzene, pyridine and ammonia. Soil is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including toluene and PAHs. The potential health risks include coming in direct contact with or accidentally ingesting contaminated groundwater or soil. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Entire Site: A potentially responsible party, Reilly Industries, Inc., currently is conducting an investigation, under EPA monitoring, into the nature and extent of contamination at the site. The investigation defined the contaminants and recommended alternatives for an operable unit cleanup. The investigation was completed in mid-1992. A Record of Decision was issued in June 1992 calling for a groundwater extraction and treatment system to be installed at the site perimeter. This action was defined as operable unit #1. A Record of Decision was signed in September 1993 for the second operable unit at the site. This operable unit addressed five on-site areas of soil contamination. Low temperature thermal desorption was chosen for "hot spots" in four of the areas. The fifth area, the south landfill, will undergo in-situ solidification to solidify sludge accumulations with a final cover placement, depending on the RCRA characteristics of the sludge after the solidification process is complete. Operable units 3 and 4 are scheduled to be completed in late 1994 and will address other on-site source areas and the plant sewer system. Finally, off-site groundwater contamination will be addressed by the end of 1994. Site Facts: Reilly Industries, Inc. has entered into a Consent Order with the EPA. The company agreed to conduct the study into the nature and extent of contamination at the site and to recommend alternatives for final cleanup. EPA amended the aforementioned consent order to address RCRA corrective action requirements and added a number of SWMUs in September 1992. Environmental Progress After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that no immediate actions were required at the Reilly Tar and Chemical Corporation site while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned. Site Repository Indianapolis-Marion County Public Library, 40 East St. Clair Street, Indianapolis, IN 46206 May 1994 : REILLY TAR & CHEMICAL CORP. (INDIANAPOLIS PLANT) ------- SEYMOUR RECYCLING CORPORATION INDIANA EPAID# IND040313017 Site Description EPA REGION 5 Jackson County 2 miles southwest of Seymour The 14-acre Seymour Recycling Corporation site is made up of two parts: a 12-acre area surrounded by a berm and fence to confine rainwater and prevent access to the site, and a 2-acre area located directly to the northeast of the larger area. From 1970 to 1980, the site was operated as a processing center for waste chemicals. Wastes were accumulated on site in drums, bulk storage tanks, and tank trucks. By 1980, there were approximately 98 storage tanks and 50,000 drums on site. The majority of the drums were rusted and punctured, some were missing lids, and a large number leaked. The leaks caused contaminants to cover a widespread area, toxic vapors to be released from the site, and on-site fires. The facility closed in 1980. Surface drums and tanks and their contents were removed in 1981 and 1982. Contaminated soils continue to pollute the aquifers. The shallow aquifer is highly contaminated with various hazardous chemicals including volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Approximately 100 homes are located within 1 mile of the site. Most private water supply wells for these residences have been disconnected and replaced with water from the City of Seymour water supply system. Contaminated runoff from the site entered nearby drainage ditches that flow into the White River and then to the Ohio River. Releases of contaminants from the site resulted in fish kills. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/22/81 Final Date: 09/08/83 Threats and Contaminants ZEJ Groundwater contains VOCs, chloroform, phenols, and heavy metals including arsenic, barium, iron, and manganese. Soils are contaminated with high levels of VOCs and heavy metals including beryllium. People could be exposed to contaminants by accidentally coming in direct contact with or ingesting contaminated groundwater or soil. People who eat contaminated fish may suffer adverse health effects. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial phases focusing on groundwater cleanup and soil cleanup. Response Action Status Immediate Actions: As a result of a fire in 1980, chemical runoff from the site posed a risk to nearby residents. Approximately 300 people were temporarily relocated and the parties potentially responsible for site contamination removed several thousand drums from the site. In 1981, the EPA removed chemicals from tanks at the site and disposed of those wastes off site. A dike was installed around the site to prevent rainfall from mixing with wastes on the ground. The site fence was upgraded. The surface water treatment plant located on site was upgraded in 1982. From 1982 to 1984, potentially responsible parties removed approximately 50,000 drums, 100 storage tanks, and contaminated soil from 75 percent of the site's surface and partially covered the site with a temporary soil cap. Homes surrounding the site were connected to the city water distribution system in 1984 and 1985 due to the threat of groundwater contamination. A total of 177,500 gallons of flammable liquids were incinerated. Approximately 31,800 cubic yards of crushed drums, scrap metal, sludge, and contaminated soil and debris, 359 lab packs of sludge, and 296 drums of flammable solids were landfilled. Approximately 104,200 gallons of inert liquids were injected into a deep well. Warning signs have been posted, and a 24-hour guard will remain at the site throughout construction activities. Groundwater: The selected cleanup remedy to address the groundwater plume includes implementation of a plume stabilization system that will extract, treat, and discharge contaminated groundwater to the Seymour Wastewater Treatment Plant. The potentially responsible parties constructed the groundwater pump and treat system, which is operational. In order to sufficiently reduce contamination at the site, the groundwater extraction and pump and treat system may have to be operated for up to 30 years. A third extraction well and line may be constructed. Soil: The selected cleanup remedies to address soil contamination include: putting in place deed and access restrictions and other controls to prevent future development of the site and the adjacent property; breaking down hazardous components of the soil through bioremediation; installing a soil vapor extraction system; extracting and treating contaminated groundwater at and beyond the site boundaries; installing a cap; excavating contaminated sediment and consolidating sediment beneath the cap; and regular monitoring to determine the effectiveness of these cleanup activities. The potentially responsible parties have completed construction of the soil cap. The vapor extraction system has been constructed and is planned to be operated for 2 to 5 years. The soil bioremediation remedy has been completed. All soil cleanup components have been constructed. Air monitoring stations have been constructed. May 1994 SEYMOUR RECYCLING CORPORATION ------- Site Facts: In 1988, the EPA, the State, and potentially responsible parties entered into a Consent Decree. The Decree requires the parties to reimburse the Federal government for past cleanup costs and to perform and pay for future cleanup activities. A preliminary close- out report was signed in September 1993 for the Seymour Site. Environmental Progress The removal of drums, soils, and storage tanks, construction of the dike, and connecting residents to the city water system have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the Seymour Recycling Corporation site. Ongoing cleanup actions continue to reduce contamination levels in the soil and groundwater. Site Repository Jackson County Public Library, 2nd & Walnut Streets, Seymour, IN 47274 SEYMOUR RECYCLING CORPORATION May 1994 ------- SOUTHSIDE SANI LANDFILL INDIANA EPA ID# IND980607360 EPA REGION 5 Marion County Southwest of Indianapolis Other Names: Southslde Sanitary Disposal & Transfer Co., Inc. Site Description The 160-acre Southside Sanitary Landfill is an active solid waste disposal facility that began landfilling activities in 1971. In 1974, the 34 acres on the northern side of the site were licensed by the County and the State for disposal of solid wastes. After the first excavated area was filled by dumping refuse and covered with a layer of dirt, a second area was excavated 150 feet to the south. After these areas were filled, the land between the two was excavated. In 1975, the site was expanded to 160 acres. An estimated 4 million cubic yards of waste including coal tar, asbestos, iron oxide and clarifier sludges, and paint waste have been buried at the landfill. Access to the site is restricted. Approximately 7,200 people, within 3 miles of the site, use groundwater for drinking water supplies. The distance from the site to the nearest residence is 1/2 mile. Approximately 2,000 private wells are located within 3 miles of the site. Nearby Eagle Creek, White River, and Fall River are used for recreational activities. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through State and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 06/10/86 Final Date: 03/31/89 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals including arsenic, chromium, cadmium, and nickel. On-site soils are contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Potential health threats to people include coming in direct contact with or accidentally ingesting contaminated groundwater or soil. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Initial Actions: In 1988, the operators of the Southside Landfill constructed a leachate collection system and an underground slurry wall to control the migration of contaminated groundwater. Entire Site: The owners/operators of the Southside Landfill, under State monitoring, currently are conducting an investigation into the nature and extent of contamination at the site. The investigation is defining the contaminants and will result in the selection of the final cleanup remedies. The investigation is scheduled to be completed in the winter of 1995. Site Facts: In 1986, the State and Southside Landfill entered into an agreement, requiring that the company construct a leachate collection system and an underground slurry wall to control the migration of groundwater. Environmental Progress The construction of a leachate collection system and underground slurry wall has prevented the migration of contaminated groundwater at the Southside Sanitary Landfill site while studies are taking place and final cleanup activities are being planned. Site Repository Indianapolis Public Library, 40 East St. Clair Street, Indianapolis, IN 46204 May 1994 SOUTHSIDE SANITARY LANDFILL ------- TIPPECANOE SANITARY LAND INC. INDIANA EPA ID# r ; o EPA REGION 5 Tippecanoe County Lafayette Site Description ~ In 1971 the 70-acre Tippecanoe Sanitary Landfill received a permit from the State. The principal wastes disposed of at the site have been garbage and refuse generated by the local residents businesses, and industries. Some out-of-state wastes have also been sent there. In 1979 ALCOA advised the State that the sludge material that it had been sending to the landfill since 1973 had been found to contain significant levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Disposal of the sludge ceased, but considerable quantities had already been deposited at the site. Groundwater contamination at the site has been verified. In 1989, as the result of an agreement reached with the State, the facility discontinued accepting wastes. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 06/24/88 Final Date: 08/30/90 Threats and Contaminants The groundwater has been shown to be contaminated. Sludge buried at the site contains PCBs. The landfill cover is inadequate and has not been maintained so that some wastes are exposed. Landfill gas has been detected in the soils away from the landfill. The contaminated groundwater is a potential health threat to individuals if it is accidently directly contacted or swallowed and the landfill gas presents an explosion hazard. Cleanup Approach " This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. May 1994 ------- Response Action Status Entire Site: Some of the parties potentially responsible for site contamination agreed to conduct an investigation to determine the nature and extent of contamination and to identify alternative cleanup actions. The work plan for the investigation was approved and field work began in 1991. Completion of the study is scheduled for 1994. Site Facts: A Consent Decree signed in 1988 ordered the owner to close the landfill by October 1989 and install a cover over the wastes. The owner filed for bankruptcy in 1989, and the cover was not fully installed. In March 1990, the EPA, the Indiana Department of Environmental Management, and 10 of the potentially responsible parties signed a Consent Order requiring the parties to conduct site investigations. Environmental Progress After proposing this site for the NPL, preliminary investigations were done. The only immediate action deemed necessary was the protection of a few nearby people from the threat of landfill gas entering their homes and place of business. The State installed, and has been maintaining, alarms that will alert these people to the presence of an unacceptable level of gas. Site Repository Tippecanoe County Public Library, 627 South Street, Lafayette, IN 47901 May 1994 - TIPPECANOE SANITARY LANDFILL, INC. ------- TRI-STATE PLATING INDIANA EPA ID# IND006038764 EPA REGION 5 Bartholomew County Columbus Site Description For approximately 35 years prior to 1981, the Tri-State Plating site was used by Hull Industries and Quality Plating Service Company. The site covers an area of approximately 16,000 square feet. In 1981, Tri-State Plating purchased the facility and began an electroplating operation. Contamination problems first were detected at the site when the Bartholomew County Health Department and the Indiana State Board of Health (ISBH) inspected the site and found that soils contained high concentrations of cyanide and other heavy metals. In 1984, after finding that Tri-State Plating was discharging contaminated wastewater, the City of Columbus instructed the company to install a treatment system to control contaminated wastewater discharges to the city's sewers. Later in 1984, when a treatment system was not installed, the city blocked off sewers leading from the Tri-State Plating facility and shut off the company's water supply. Tri-State Plating discontinued operations in 1984. The nearest residence is adjacent to the site boundary. The City of Columbus has approximately 30,000 people, some of whom are served by a well field located near the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/18/85 Final Date: 06/10/86 Threats and Contaminants The groundwater is contaminated with chromium. The soil was contaminated with heavy metals including cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and arsenic. The contaminated groundwater could be hazardous to the health of individuals if it is accidentally touched or swallowed before cleanup is completed. Haw Creek and the White River, which are located nearby, had a potential of being contaminated by the hazardous materials present at the site. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Initial Actions: In 1987, the EPA constructed a fence around the entire site and removed 27 barrels of waste to an off-site treatment facility. The EPA also took steps to decontaminate the electroplating process building and storage shed. In addition, contaminated surface soil was excavated and disposed of at an off-site landfill. After the soil was removed, the EPA covered excavated areas with clean soil. These actions have eliminated the immediate threat posed to residents by exposure to soil contamination. In 1989, the EPA took the following actions to remove the remaining sources of contamination from the site: decontaminated the walls and ceilings of the main process building and demolished the building; transported the building debris to an off-site landfill; excavated contaminated soil and the contaminated building foundation and disposed of excavated material at an off-site waste landfill; and filled the excavated areas with clean soil, graded the surface of the ground, and reseeded the graded area. Upon completion of these actions, the fence was removed. Entire Site: The EPA completed an investigation in 1990 that determined the nature and extent of the site contamination and recommended that the contaminated groundwater be pumped and treated and then discharged to the publicly owned water treatment works. The pump and treat system design was approved in early 1991. Construction of the treatment system has been completed and groundwater pumping and treatment was initiated in early 1992. Groundwater treatment will continue until cleanup goals are met. During the course of the investigation and while demolishing the main building, the EPA found asbestos-bearing materials. These materials were removed and transferred to a licensed disposal facility. Environmental Progress Pumping and treating groundwater, excavating contaminated soils and debris, and demolishing the contaminated building have reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated materials at the Tri-State Plating site. Site Repository Bartholomew County Health Department, 440 3rd Street, Suite 303, Columbus, IN 47201 May 1994 TRI-STATE PLATING ------- U.S. SMELTER AND LEAD REF INC. INDIANA EPA ID# IND047030226 Site Description EPA REGION 5 Lake County East Chicago The former site of the U.S. Smelter and Lead Refinery, Inc. (USS Lead) operation is located on a 79-acre parcel of land in East Chicago, Indiana. The area is primarily industrial. The Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad is located to the north of the site, the East West Toll Road and the east branch of the Grand Calumet River to the south, Kennedy Avenue to the east, and Indiana Harbor Canal to the west. From 1906 to 1920, USS Lead operated primarily as a copper smelter. In 1920 the company added a primary lead smelter to its operation. USS Lead converted to secondary smelting in 1973, recovering lead from scrap metal and old automobile batteries. All operations were discontinued in 1985. Two primary waste materials were generated as a result of the smelting operations: blast furnace slag and lead-containing dust emitted by the blast furnace stack. Blast furnace slag was stockpiled south of the plant building and once a year spread over an adjoining 21 acres of wetlands. The lead-containing dust was originally trapped in bag filters and stored in a three to five acre area for future recycling. In 1973 a larger blast furnace was installed to recycle both new and stockpiled dust. Significant amounts of the dust were later contained in a building to prevent dispersion. However, dust has spread throughout the building with increasing dilapidation. Substantial amounts of dust remain on site. In 1975 and 1985, USS Lead received a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit to discharge furnace cooling water and storm water run-off to the Grand Calumet River. According to the Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM), permit levels were exceeded for several materials. In the 1980s, several State and Federal enforcement actions were taken against the company. As a result of the permit violations and the dumping of slag water into the wetlands, nearby surface waters are contaminated. In September 1985, the Indiana State Board of Health (ISBH) found USS Lead in violation of State law because lead particles were found downwind of the site. Approximately 4.1 million people draw drinking water from intakes primarily into Lake Michigan, which is 15 miles downstream of where hazardous substances from the site enter surface water. Lake Michigan, the Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Canal are nearby fishing areas. The Grand Calumet River Natural Area, located a quarter mile southeast of the site, has two endangered species. Hammond Beach Marina is four miles west of where the canal enters Lake Michigan. Lake Michigan, Wahala Beach and several other major recreation areas are within 15 miles of the site. Seventy five hundred people work or attend school within two miles of the site. May 1994 ------- Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal actions. The NPL Listing will remain proposed until all RCRA authorities have been exhausted. NPL Listing History: Proposed Date: 02/07/92 Threats and Contaminants ins Elevated levels of lead exist in the blast furnace slag. Substantial amounts of lead-containing dust have permeated the building, contaminating the structure and surrounding soils. According to IDEM, the permit levels for lead, cadmium, copper, arsenic and zinc over the years were exceeded. These permit violations as well as the dumping of blast furnace slag water into wetlands have led to surface water contamination. In addition, air is contaminated with lead particles downwind of the site. Cleanup Approach This site is planned to be addressed through a long-term remedial action focusing on cleanup of the entire site. At the present time, the facility has a Consent Order with RCRA to prepare a Corrective Action Management Unit (CAMU). Response Action Status Entire Site: The investigation will not begin until all RCRA authorities have been exhausted. Site Facts: In the 1980's, several State and Federal enforcement actions were taken against USS Lead for permit violations. In April of 1990, IDEM drafted a Partial Interim Agreement Order mandating that USS Lead develop a site cleanup plan. USS Lead's parent company, Sharon Steel Corp., offered to lend USS Lead the funds to comply with the cleanup requirements. Sharon Steel, however, subsequently filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 11 of the Federal Bankruptcy Code. 1994 • • U.S. SMELTER AND LEAD REFINERY, INC. ------- Environmental Progress Initial investigations indicate the U.S. Smelter and Lead Refinery, Inc. site poses no immediate threat to the health and safety of the nearby population while the site awaits additional investigations. Site Repository Not established. U.S. SMELTER AND LEAD REFINERY, INC. May 1994 ------- WASTE, INC. LANDFILL INDIANA EPA ID# IND980504006 Site Description EPA REGION 5 Laporte County Michigan City The Waste, Inc. Landfill in Michigan City is composed of 32 acres situated on a former wetland area. From 1966 to 1982, the landfill accepted approximately 128,000 tons of industrial wastes. The landfill was unlined, and there were no dikes to control runoff. Originally, the site sloped down to a creek, but now the landfill rises 50 feet above the surrounding terrain. In 1983, the site was sampled by the EPA, and heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other organic compounds were found in the sediment of Trail Creek, which borders the landfill. Approximately 11,300 people live within a mile of the site, and about 2,100 people depend on private wells within 3 miles of the site for their drinking water. The site drains into Trail Creek, which is used for recreational purposes and discharges to Lake Michigan. The Michigan City Water Works, serving approximately 32,000 people, draws water from intakes in Lake Michigan less than 3 miles downstream from the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 04/10/85 Final Date: 07/21/87 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater and soils may be contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), PCBs, PAHs, various phthalates, and heavy metals. Sediments in Trail Creek contain heavy metals including arsenic, lead, and manganese; PAHs; PCBs; and other organic compounds. People may be exposed to contaminants by accidentally ingesting or coming in direct contact with contaminated soil, leachate, groundwater, surface water, or sediment. Eating fish, waterfowl, or locally grown vegetables containing accumulated contaminants may pose a health hazard. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Entire Site: The parties potentially responsible for the contamination at the site are conducting an investigation, under EPA supervision, to determine the type and extent of contamination. All sampling is complete. The investigative report defining the nature and extent of contamination is being finalized. Currently, the EPA is evaluating various cleanup alternatives and is expected to select final cleanup remedies by late 1992. A proposed plan was released in January 1994 with the accompanying comment period ending in late April 1994. A Record of Decision will be released in mid 1994. Site Facts: Under a Consent Order with the EPA, signed on March 31, 1987, nine potentially responsible parties agreed to undertake the investigation of the site contamination. Environmental Progress After listing the Waste, Inc. Landfill on the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary evaluations and determined that the site does not pose an immediate threat to the surrounding communities or the environment while the investigations leading to the selection of final cleanup remedies are taking place. Site Repository Michigan City Public Library, 100 East 4th Street, Michigan City, IN 46360 Bethany Bible Baptist Church, Canada Community Improvement Society, 215 Miller Street, Michigan City, IN 46360 LaPorte County Health Department, Michigan City Branch Office, 104 Brinckmann Avenue, Michigan City, IN 46360 May 1994 WASTE, INC. LANDFILL ------- WAYNE WASTE INDIANA EPA ID# IND048989479 EPA REGION 5 Whitley County Columbia City Other Names: Wayne Reclamation and Recycling (WRR) Site Description The Wayne Waste Oil site is located on 35 acres in Columbia City. Wayne Waste Oil, a division of Wayne Reclamation and Recycling, Inc., deposited about a million gallons of oil waste on this site from 1975 to 1980. During its period of operation, oil wastes were disposed of on site by dumping them on surface soils, into unlined pits, and into a trench. The Indiana State Board of Health investigated the facility in 1980 and found that hazardous wastes were illegally deposited. As a result, the owner was ordered by the State of Indiana to clean up the site. The site contained opened, leaking drums, waste areas covered with sands, and disposal ponds. The area surrounding the site is used for residential, industrial and commercial purposes. The population of Columbia City was estimated to be 5,100 in 1988. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 12/30/82 Final Date: 09/08/83 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including benzene, trichloroethylene (TCE), and toluene and heavy metals including arsenic, barium, lead, and cyanide. Soil contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), VOCs, heavy metals, phenols, and phthalates. On-site ponds and the adjacent Blue River contain cyanide, copper, and TCE. Currently, the city wells, which are located at the northern boundary of the site, are not contaminated. All residences are connected to the municipal water supply. If migration of site-related contaminants through groundwater occurs, area residents could be exposed to these pollutants when consuming or using drinking water. On-site trespassers and workers could be exposed to site-related contaminants when coming into direct contact with the contaminated soils. To prevent unauthorized entry onto the site, a fence has been installed along the north and west sides. The Blue River borders the site on the east and south. Site-related contaminants in groundwater, surface water, and soils could migrate into the river. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase directed at cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Immediate Actions: In 1986, the potentially responsible parties, under EPA monitoring, excavated 7S500 tons of contaminated soil in the oil decanting pit, the tar pit, and the sludge ravine. This excavated soil along with over 200 drums and soil from the buried barrel area, were removed and deposited in a federally approved hazardous waste facility. This area was then backfilled. In 1988, the parties excavated approximately 5,400 tons of contaminated soil from the discolored area, the acid pit, the ink sludge area, and the sludge ravine and disposed of the soil in a federally approved facility. An additional 125 drums were removed, as well as the contents of 23 tanks. A fence was constructed around the oil decanting pit, the sludge ravine, and the discolored area. The acid pit and the ink sludge areas were backfilled with clean fill material. Four drums were left on site after these operations ceased in 1988 because of the difficulties involved with moving them. The remaining drums were removed from the site in 1989. Entire Site: The EPA began an investigation into the nature and extent of site contamination in 1985. The parties potentially responsible for site contamination completed the effort under EPA supervision. The remedy selected by the EPA in early 1990 includes: constructing, operating, and maintaining a soil vapor extraction system in the VOC-contaminated soil areas; constructing, operating, and maintaining a ground water extraction, treatment (air stripping), and discharge system; delineating the extent of the municipal landfill; constructing and maintaining a cap over the municipal landfill; covering PAH-contaminated soil or consolidating the soil under the municipal landfill cap; removing and treating the contents of all above-ground and underground tanks, and delineating the extent of contamination due to spills or leaks associated with the tanks; removing and disposing of site debris; installing an upgraded security fence around the site; monitoring the ground water and the air; and implementing deed restrictions to ensure protection of the municipal landfill cap. During the design phase, an air sparging system to enhance the removal of VOCs from the groundwater and a subsurface slurry wall to prevent the migration of contaminated groundwater (while the groundwater cleanup inside the wall continues) were added for the southeast portion of the site. The potentially responsible parties, under EPA monitoring, began designing the technical specifications in late 1991. The design phase was completed in February 1994, and the cleanup activities will begin in the spring of 1994. Site Facts: In 1986, the EPA and the potentially responsible parties entered into an Administrative Order on Consent, under which the parties removed contaminated soil, drums, and tanks from the site. The EPA issued a Unilateral Administrative Order to five parties potentially responsible for the site contamination in 1988. The purpose of this Order was to compel these parties to remove additional drums, soils, debris, and tank contents. May 1994 WAYNE WASTE OIL ------- Environmental Progress The removal of the contaminated soils and drums from the site and the construction of security fences around the areas of greatest contamination have reduced the potential for direct exposure to hazardous materials at the Wayne Waste Oil site while the specifications for the selected cleanup remedy are completed and the actual cleanup activities are started. Site Repository Peabody Library, 203 North Main Street, Columbia City, IN 46725 WAYNE WASTE OIL May 1994 ------- WEDZEB ENTERPRISES, INC INDIANA EPA ID# IND980794374 Site Description EPA REGION 5 Boone County Lebanon The Wedzeb Enterprises, Inc. site is situated on 3/4 acre and in Lebanon, about 30 miles northwest of Indianapolis. The site was owned by a succession of businesses prior to the late 1970s, when Wedzeb Enterprises, Inc. purchased it. Operating practices at Wedzeb consisted of buying used electrical equipment for resale and storing it on site in two warehouses. Various types of electrical equipment including electrical capacitors and transformers containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were stored on site. A fire that completely destroyed one of the warehouses on the eastern side occurred at the Wedzeb Enterprises, Inc. site in 1981. According to inventory records, this warehouse had contained 77 tons of electrical capacitors, some of which exploded during the fire. The water used to put out the fire mixed with contaminants from the capacitors and subsequently dripped onto the ground and flowed into a sanitary sewer line. PCBs may have been released into the environment as a result of the fire, and contaminants may have been washed to nearby ground surfaces as the fire was extinguished. Because of the potential health threat to nearby residents caused by harmful chemicals, the Indiana State Board of Health and the EPA collected samples in 1981 of on-site soil and debris, as well as soot, wastewater, and sanitary sewer sediment from areas located near the site. The results of these sampling activities showed concentrations of PCBs in sediment from the sanitary sewage treatment plant, as well as traces of dioxins and furans in the sediment and other soil samples from locations on and near the site. The EPA and the Indiana Environmental Management Board requested a cleanup plan from Wedzeb Enterprises, Inc. in 1982, but the company failed to submit one until 1985. Approximately 11,455 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site, and about 300 homes are located within 500 feet of the site. There are approximately 300 private wells and two municipal wells within the vicinity of the site. These wells were not threatened by site contamination. Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through Federal and State actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 12/30/82 Final Date: 09/08/83 Deletion Date: 09/10/91 May 1994 ------- Threats and Contaminants Groundwater contains low levels of dioxins and furans that do no pose a risk to people or the environment. On-site sediments and sediments located in the sanitary sewer pipeline system near the site were contaminated with PCBs, dioxins, and furans. Soils contained low levels of PCBs, dioxins, furans, and other organic compounds. Low levels of PCBs were found in the interior warehouse surface samples. The site is now clean, and there is no threat to public health or the environment. Cleanup Approach The site was addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Immediate Actions: Wedzeb Enterprises, Inc. installed a fence and a windbreak around the site in 1985 to minimize migration of dust off site. The EPA removed 50 boxes containing contaminated on-site surface soils and debris from the area surrounding the warehouse on the eastern part of the site in 1987. The contaminated soils and debris were shipped to an EPA-approved disposal facility. The contaminated soil subsequently was replaced with clean fill. More than 250 drums of 3-pound capacitors were shipped off site for incineration. Entire Site: The work plan for long-term cleanup of the sewers and soils was completed and approved by the EPA, and cleanup work began on the site in 1990. The EPA selected the following methods to address site contamination: cleaning the sewer lines with hydraulic jets and vacuum pumping to remove contaminants; inspection of the sewer pipe; disposal or incineration of contaminated sediments; filtering sewer sediments and discharging clean water to the publicly owned treatment works; and removal and disposal of the wastes generated by the investigation into the nature and extent of contamination at the site. Cleanup activities were completed in late 1990, and the EPA deleted the site from the NPL in 1991. Site Facts: The EPA and the State of Indiana made repeated attempts to compel Wedzeb Enterprises, Inc., the party potentially responsible for site contamination, to clean up the site between 1981 and 1985. Further enforcement efforts resulted in Wedzeb Enterprises, Inc. submitting a cleanup plan for the site in 1985; however, Wedzeb Enterprises, Inc. never initiated cleanup activities due to financial difficulties. May 1994 WEDZEB ENTERPRISES, INC. ------- Environmental Progress All cleanup activities have been completed at the Wedzeb Enterprises, Inc. site. The EPA deleted the site from the NPL in 1991. Site Repository Lebanon Public Library, 104 East Washington Street, Lebanon, IN 46052 WEDZEB ENTERPRISES, INC. May 1994 ------- EPA REGION 5 St. Joseph County South Bend WHITEFORD SAL AND SERVICE INC. INDIANA EPA ID# IND980999791 Site Description The Whiteford Sales and Service Inc. site covers approximately 8 acres on Sample Street in South Bend, Indiana. The site was in operation from 1960 until 1980. In 1980, St. Joseph County purchased the property from Whiteford Trucking; Whiteford then leased the property and structures from the County until 1983, when the County demolished all structures and began construction of an overpass. During the excavation process, three dry wells, each approximately 6 feet in diameter and 6 feet deep, were uncovered. Unknown quantities of degreasing solvents and sludges from the cleaning of trucks and trailers, had been deposited into these three unlined dry wells during the period the site was in operation. Tests conducted by the St. Joseph County Health Department found on-site soils to be contaminated with organic and inorganic compounds. The Whiteford site itself lies in an industrial area; however, residences are located approximately 100 feet due north of the site. There are approximately 10,000 people living within a 1-mile radius of the site. Approximately 237,000 people draw a portion of their drinking water from public wells within 300 feet of the site. In 1980, the Olive Street Well Field, part of the municipal water system located west of the Whiteford Site, was shut down because of the presence of organic chemicals in the well water. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 06/24/88 Final Date: 08/30/90 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater off site was found to contain a substance commonly used in degreasing operations, other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including trichloroethylene (TCE), and vinyl chloride. Soils and sludges on site were found to be contaminated with heavy metals including arsenic, barium, cadmium, and chromium, and with VOCs. It has been documented that contaminated groundwater has migrated to the nearby municipal well field. If people should come in direct contact with or accidentally ingest the contaminated groundwater, they may be at risk. In addition, people who come into direct contact with or accidentally ingest contaminated soil may suffer adverse health effects. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in two stages: an initial action and a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Initial Action: Cleanup of the Whiteford property was initiated by the responsible parties. Three dry wells, in addition to a limited amount of contaminated soils, were removed and taken to a state-permitted sanitary landfill. Entire Site: EPA is investigating the type and extent of contamination at the site. The field work has been completed and a report detailing the extent of contamination is currently being prepared. The final selection of the cleanup strategy for the site is expected in late 1994. Environmental Progress The removal of the contaminated dry wells and some of the contaminated soils from the Whiteford Sales and Service Inc. site has reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials while the investigations leading to the selection of the final cleanup remedies are taking place. Site Repository St. Joseph County Public Library, 122 West Wayne Street, South Bend, IN 46601 May 1994 WHITEFORD SALES AND SERVICE INC. ------- GLOSSARY Terms Used in the NPL Book This glossary defines terms used throughout the NPL Volumes. The terms and abbreviations contained in this glossary apply specifically to work performed under the Superfimd program in the context of hazardous waste management. These terms may have other meanings when used in a different context. A table of common toxic chemicals found at NPL sites, their sources, and their potential threats is located on page G-15 Acids: Substances, characterized by low pH (less than 7.0), that arc used in chemical manu- facturing. Acids in high concentration can be very corrosive and react with manv inorganic and organic substances. These reactions possi- bly may create toxic compounds or release heavy metal contaminants that remain in the environment long after the acid is neutralized. Administrative Order On Consent: A legal and enforceable agreement between the EPA and the parties potentially responsible for site contamination. Under the terms of the Order, the potentially responsible panics (PRPs) agree to perform or pay for site studies or cleanups. It also describes the oversight rules. responsibilities, and enforcement options that the government may exercise in the event of non-compliance by potentially responsible parties. This Order is signed by PRPs and the government: it docs not require approval by a judge. Administrative Order [Unilateral]: A legally binding document issued by the EPA. directing the parties potentially responsible to perform site cleanups or studies (generally, the EPA does not issue Unilateral Orders for site studies). This type of Order is not signed by the PRPs and does not require approval by a judge. Aeration: A process that promotes breakdown of contaminants in soil or water by exposing them to air. Agency for Toxic Substances and Dis- ease Registry (ATSDR): The Federal agency within the U.S. Public Health Service charged with carrying out the health-related responsibilities of CERCLA. Air Stripping: A process whereby volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) are removed from contaminated material by forcing a stream of air through the contaminated material in a pressur- ized vessel. The contaminants are evaporated into the air stream. The air may be further treated before it is released into the atmosphere. Ambient Air: Any unconfined pan of the atmosphere. Refers to the air that may be inhaled by workers or residents in the vicinity of contaminated air sources. Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements (ARARs): Federal State, or local laws which apply to Superfund activities at NPL sites. Both emergency and long-term actions must comply with these laws or provide sound reasons for allowing a waiver. ARARs must be identified for each site relative to the characteristics of the site, the substances found at the site, or the cleanup alternatives being considered for the site. ------- GLOSSARY propernes. \vruch increase cleaning erriciency. However, these propernes also cause chemical reactions that increase the hazard to human health ana the environment. Carbon Treatment: [see Carbon Adsorp- tion]. Cell: In solid waste disposal, one of a series of holes in a landfill where waste is dumped. compacted, and covered with layers of dirt. CERCLA: [see Comprehensive Environmen- tal Response. Compensation, and Liability Act). Characterization: The sampling, monitoring. and analysis of a site to determine the extent and nature of toxic releases. Characterization provides the basis for acquiring the necessary technical information to develop, screen, ana- lyze, and select appropriate cleanup techniques. Chemical Rxation: The use of chemicals to bind contaminants, thereby reducing the poten- tial for leaching or other movement. Chromated Copper Arsenate: An insecti- cide/herbicide formed from salts of three toxic metals: copper, chromium, and arsenic. This salt is used extensively as a wood preservative in pressure-treating operations. It is highly toxic and water-soluble, making it a relatively mobile contaminant in the environment. Cleanup: Actions taken to eliminate a release or threat of release of a hazardous substance. The term "cleanup" sometimes is used inter- changeably with the terms remedial action. removal action, response action, or corrective action. Closure: The process by which a landfill stops accepting wastes and is shut down under Federal i:uiaelines mat ensure the protection of the puolic and the environment. Comment Period: A specific interval during which the puolic can review and comment on various documents and EPA actions related to site cleanup. For example, u comment period is provided when the EPA proposes to add sites to the NTL. Ai.so. there is minimum 3-week comment period for community members to review und comment on the remedy proposed to clean up a site. Community Relations: The EPA effort to estaDlish and maintain two-way communication with the puolic. The goals of community relations programs include creating an under- standing of EPA programs and related actions. assuring public input into decision-making processes related to affected communities, and making certain that the Agency is aware of. and responsive to. public concerns. Specific com- munity relations activities are required in relation to Superfund cleanup actions [see Comment Period]. Comprehensive Environmental Re- sponse, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA): Congress enacted the CERCLA. known as Superfund. in 19X0 to respond directly to hazardous waste problems that may pose a threat to the public health and the environment. The EPA administers the Superfund program. Confluence: The place where two bodies of water, such as streams or rivers, come together. Confined Aquifer: An aquifer in which groundwater is confined tinder pressure that is •ujpuficantiy greater than atmospheric pressure. ------- GLOSSARY Dike: A low wail that can act us a barrier to prevent a spill from spreading. Dioxin: An organic chemical by-product of pesticide manufacture which is known to be one of the most toxic man-made chemicals. Disposal: Final placement or destruction of toxic, radioactive, or other wastes: surplus or banned pesticides or other chemicals: polluted soils: and drums containing hazardous materials. Disposal may be accomplished through the use of approved secure landfills, surface impound- ments, land farming, deep well injection, or incineration. Downgradient: A downward hydroiouit slope that causes groundwater to move toward lower elevations. Therefore, wells ik>wn^radi- ant of a contaminated groundwater source are prone to receiving pollutants. Ecological Assessment: A study of the impact of man-made or natural activity on living creatures and their environment Effluent: Wastewater. treated or untreated. that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, or industrial outfall. Generally refers to wastes discharged into surface waters. Emission: Pollution discharged into the atmosphere from smokestacks, other vents, and surface areas of commercial or industrial facili- ties. Emulsifiers: Substances that help in mixing materials that do not normally mix; e.g.. oil and water. Endangerment Assessment: A study conducted to determine the risks posed to public- health or the environment by contamination at NPL sites. The EPA or the State conducts the study when a legal action is to be taken to direct the potentially responsible parties to clean up a site or pay for the cleanup. An endangerment assessment supplements an investigation of the site hazards. Enforcement: EPA. State, or local legal actions taken against parties to facilitate settlements: to compel compliance with laws. rules, regulations, or agreements: or to obtain penalties or criminal sanctions for violations. Enforcement procedures may vary, depending on the specific requirements of different environmental laws and related regulatory requirements. Under CERCLA. for example. the EPA will seek to require potentially responsible parties to clean up a Superfund site or pay for the cleanup (see Cost Recov- ery}. Erosion: The wearing away of land surface by wind or water. Erosion occurs naturally from weather or surface runoff, but can be intensified by such land-related practices as farming, residential or industrial develop- ment, road building, or timber-cutting. Ero- sion may spread surface contamination to off- site locations. Estuary (estuarine): Areas where fresh water from rivers and salt water from nearshore ocean waters are mixed. These areas may include bays, mouths of rivers, salt marshes, and lagoons. These water ecosys- tems shelter and" feed marine life, birds, and wildlife. Evaporation Ponds: Areas where sewage sludge or other watery wastes are dumped and allowed to dry out. Feasibility Study: The analysis of the potential cleanup alternatives for a site. The feasibility study usually starts as soon as the remedial investigation is underway. In this volume, the feasibility study is referred to as a site study [see also Remedial Investigation]. ------- GLOSSARY Hot Spot: An area or vicinity of a site contain- ing exceptionally high levels of contamination. Hydrocarbons: Chemical compounds that consist entirely of hydrogen and caroon. Hydrology: The properties, distribution, and circulation of water. Hydrogeology: The geology of groundwater. with particular emphasis on the chemistry and movement of water. Impoundment: A body of water or sludge confined by a dam. dike, floodgate, or other barrier. Incineration: A group of treatment technolo- gies involving destruction of waste by controlled burning at high temperatures, e.g.. burning sludge to reduce the remaining residues to a non-burnable ash that can be disposed of safely on land, in some waters, or in underground locations. Infiltration: The movement of water or other liquid down through soil from precipita- tion (rain or snow) or from application of wastewater to the land surface. Influent: Water, wastewater. or other liquid flowing into a reservoir, basin, or treatment plant. Injection Well: A well into which waste fluids are placed, under pressure, for purposes of disposal. Inorganic Chemicals: Chemical sub- stances of mineral origin, not of basic carbon structure. Installation Restoration Program: The specially funded program established in 197X under which the Department of Defense has been identifying and evaluating its hazardous waste sites and controlling the migration of hazardous contaminants from those sites. Intake: The source from where a water supply is drawn, .such as from a nver or water body. Interagency Agreement: A written agree- ment between the EPA and a Federal agency that has the lead for site cleanup activities, setting forth the roles and responsibilities of the agencies for performing and overseeing the activities. States often are parties to interagency agreements. Interim (Permit) Status: Conditions under which hazardous waste treatment, storage. and disposal facilities, that were operating when regulations under the RCRA became final in F9XO. are temporarily allowed by the EPA to continue to operate while awaiting denial or issuance of a permanent permit. The facility must comply with certain regulations to maintain interim status. Lagoon: A shallow pond or liquid waste containment structure. Lagoons typically are used for the storage of wastewaters. sludges. liquid wastes, or spent nuclear fuel. Landfarm: To apply waste to land or incor- porate waste into the surface soil, such as fertilizer or soil conditioner. This practice commonly is used for disposal of composted wastes and sludges. Landfill: A disposal facility where waste is placed in or on land. Sanitary landfills are disposal sites for non-hazardous solid wastes. The waste is spread in layers, compacted to the smallest practical volume, and covered with soil at the end of each operating day. Secure chemi- cal landfills are disposal sites for hazardous waste. They are designed to minimize the chance of release of hazardous substances into the environment [see Resource Conservation and Recovery Act). Leach, Leaching [v.L]: The process by which soluble chemical components are dis- solved and carried through soil by water or some other percolating liquid. ------- GLOSSARY The 60-day penod may be extended if the EPA receives a good faith offer from the PRPs within that penod. [See also Good Faith Offer). On-Scene Coordinator (OSC): The predesignated EPA. Coast Guard, or Depart- ment of Defense official who coordinates and directs Superfund removal actions or Clean Water Act oil- or hazardous-spill corrective actions. Operation and Maintenance: Activities conducted at a site after a cleanup action is completed to ensure that the cleanup or containment system is functioning properly. Organic Chemicals/Compounds: Chemical substances containing mainly carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Outfall: The place where wastewater is discharged into receiving waters. Overpacking: Process used for isolating large volumes of waste by jacketing or encap- sulating waste to prevent further spread or leakage of contaminating materials. Leaking drums may be contained within oversized barrels as an interim measure prior to removal and final disposal. Pentachlorophenol (POP): A synthetic. modified petrochemical that may be used as a wood preservative because of its toxicity to termites and fungi. It is a common component of creosotes and can cause cancer. Perched (groundwater): Groundwater separated from another underlying body of groundwater by a confining layer, often clay or rock. Percolation: The downward flow or filtering of water or other liquids through subsurface rock or soil layers, usually continuing down- ward to groundwater. Pesticide: A substance or mixture of sub- stances intended to prevent, destroy, or repel any pest If misused, pesticides can accumulate in the foodchain and containinate the environment. Petrochemicals: Chemical substances produced from petroleum in refinery operations -and as fuel oil residues. These include fluoranthene. chrysene. mineral spirits, and refined oils. Petrochemicals are the bases from which volatile organic compounds (VOCs), plastics, and many pesticides are made. These chemical substances often are toxic to humans and the environment Phenols: Organic compounds that arc used in plastics manufacturing and are by-products of petroleum refining, tanning, textile, dye, and resin manufacturing. Phenols are highly poison- ous. Physical Chemical Separation: The treatment process of adding a chemical to a substance to separate the compounds for further treatment or disposal Pilot Testing: A small-scale test of a pro- posed treatment system in the field to determine its ability to clean up specific contaminants. Plugging: The process of stopping the flow of water, oil. or gas into or out of the ground through a borehole or well penetrating the ground. Plume: A body of contaminated groundwater flowing from a specific source. The movement of the groundwater is influenced by such factors as local groundwater flow patterns, the character of the aquifer in which groundwater is con- tained, and the density of contaminants [see Migration]. Pollution: Generally, the presence of matter or energy whose nature, location, or quantity produces undesired health or environmental effects. ------- GLOSSARY Record of Decision (ROD): A public document that explains which cleanup alternative! s) will be used to clean up sites listed on the NPL. It is based on information generated during the remedial investigation and feasibility study and consideration of public comments and community concerns. Recovery Wells: Wells used to withdraw contaminants or contaminated groundwater. Recycle: The process of minimizing waste generation by recovering usable products that might otherwise become waste. Remedial Action (RA): The actual con- struction or implementation phase of a Supertund site cleanup following the remedial design (see Cleanup]. Remedial Design: A phase of site cleanup where engineers design the technical specifi- cations for cleanup remedies and technolo- gies. Remedial Investigation: An in-depth study designed to gather the data necessary to determine the nature and extent of contamina- tion at a Superfund site, establish the criteria for cleaning up the site, identify the prelimi- nary alternatives for cleanup actions, and support the technical and cost analyses of the alternatives. The remedial investigation is usually done with the feasibility study. In this volume, the remedial investigation is referred to as a site study [see also Feasibility Study]. Remedial Project Manager (RPM): The EPA or State official responsible for oversee- ing cleanup actions at the site. Remedy Selection: The selection of the final cleanup strategy for the site. At the few sites where the EPA has determined that initial response actions have eliminated site contamination, or that any remaining con- tamination will be naturally dispersed without further cleanup activities, a "No Action" remedy is selected [see Record of Decision). Removal Action: Short-term immediate actions taken to address releases of hazardous substances [see Cleanup]. Residual: The amount of a pollutant re- maining in the environment after a natural or technological process has taken place, e.g., the sludge remaining after initial wastewater treatment, or the particulates remaining in air after the air passes through a scrubber. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA): A Federal law that established a regulatory system to track hazardous sub- stances from the time of generation to dis- posal. The law requires safe and secure procedures to be used in treating, transport- ing, storing, and disposing of hazardous substances. RCRA is designed to prevent new. uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. Retention Pond: A small body of liquid used for disposing of wastes and containing overflow from production facilities. Some- times retention ponds are used to expand the capacity of such structures as lagoons the store waste. fc Runoff: The discharge of water over land into surface water. It can carry pollutants from the air and land and spread contaminants from its source. Scrubber: An air pollution control device that uses a spray of water or reactant or a dry process to trap pollutants in emissions. Sediment: The layer of soil. sand, and minerals at the bottom of surface waters such as streams, lakes, and rivers, that absorbs contaminants. ------- GLOSSARY Solvent: A substance capable of dissolving another substance to form a solution. The primary uses of industrial solvents are as cleaners for degreeing, in paints, and in pharmaceutical^. Many solvents are flam- mable and toxic to varying degrees. Solvent Extraction: A means of separating hazardous contaminants from soils, sludges. and sediment, thereby reducing the volume of the hazardous waste that must be treated. It generally is used as one in a series of unit operations. An organic chemical is used to dissolve contaminants as opposed to water- based compounds, which usually are used in soil washing. Sorption: The action of soaking up or attracting substances. It is used in many pollution control systems. Special Notice Letter: [See Notice Let- ter). Stillbottom: Residues left over from the process of recovering spent solvents. Stripping: A process used to remove volatile contaminants from a substance [see Air Strip- ping]. Sumps: A pit or tank that catches liquid runoff for drainage or disposal. Superfund: The program operated under the legislative authority of the CERCLA and Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) to update and improve environ- mental laws. The program has the authority to respond directly to releases or threatened re- leases of hazardous substances that may endan- ger public health, welfare, or the environment The "Superfund" is a trust fund that finances cleanup actions at hazardous waste sites. Surge Tanks: A holding structure used to absorb irregularities in flow of liquids, including liquid waste materials. Swamp: A type of wetland that is dominated by woody vegetation and does not accumulate peat moss deposits. Swamps may be fresh or saltwater and tidal or non-tidal [see Wetlands]. Thermal Treatment: The use of heat to remove or destroy contaminants from soiL Treatability Studies: Testing a treatment method on contaminated groundwater. soil, etc., to determine whether and how well the method will work. Trichloroethylene (TCE): A stable, color- less liquid with a low boiling point TCE has many industrial applications, including use as a solvent and as a metal degreasing agent. TCE may be toxic to people when inhaled, ingested, or through skin contact and can damage vital organs, especially the liver [see Volatile Organic Compounds]. Unilateral [Administrative] Order: [see Administrative Order]. Upgradient: An upward hydroiogic slope; demarks areas that are higher than contaminated areas and, therefore, are not prone to contamina- tion by the movement of polluted groundwater. Vacuum Extraction: A technology used to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from soils. Vacuum pumps are connected to a series of wells drilled to just above the water table. The wells arc sealed tightly at the soil surface, and the vacuum established in the soil draws VOC-contaminated air from the soil pores into the well, as fresh air is drawn down from the surface of the soil. ------- GLOSSARY Some Common Contaminants at NPL Sites Contaminant t Category Example Chemical Types Sources Potential Health Threats* Heavy Metals Volatile Organic Comoounos (VOCs) Pesticides/ Herbicides Pbfychtorinaiac* bfphenyts(PCBs) Creosotes Radiate!*:- Arsenic, Barium. Seryllium, i Electroplating, batteries. Cadmium, Cobalt. Copper, j paint pigments, photogra- Chromium. Leaa. Manga- : phy, smelting, thermom- nese. Mercury. Nickel. ; eters. fluorescent lights. Silver. Selenium. Zinc ' solvent recovery Trichloroethviene (TCE). Perchloroetnyiene iPCE). Acetone. Benzene. Ketone. Methyl chloride. Toluene. Vinyl Chloride. Dichlorethylene Chlordane, ODT 4-4. ODE. Heptachlor. Aldnn. Endnn. Atrazine, Dietdnn, Toxa- phene Polyaromatic hydrocar- bons (PAHs), Polynuclear aromatics (PNAs), Phenolic Tars. Perrtachto- rophenol (PGP) Radium-226. Radon. Uranium-235. Uranium- 238 Solvents ana degreasers. gasoline octane ennanc- ers, ous ana paints, dry cleaning fluids, chemical manufacturing. Agncultural applications, pesticide and herbicide production Electric transformers and capacitors, insulators and coolants, adhesives, caulking compounds. carbonless copy paper, hydraulic fluids. Wood preserving, fossil fuel combustion Mine tailings, radium products, natural decay of granites Tumors, cancers, and kidney, Drain, neurological, bone and liver damage Cancers. Kidney ana liver damage, impairment of the nervous system resulting in sleepiness and headaches, leukemia Various effects ranging from nausea to nervous disorders. Oioxin is a common by-product of the manufacture of pesti- cides and is both highly toxic and a suspected carcinogen. Cancer and liver damage. Cancers and skin ulcaratwns with prolonged exposure Cancer Sources. Toxic Chemicals Glossary ot Environment* What They Are. How They Affect You (EPA. Region S) Terms (SPA, 1988) 'The potential for risk due to these contaminants is linked to a numoar ot factors: for example, the length and level of expeaum and environmental and health factors such as age. ------- |