United States Environmental Protection Agency Region 5 77 West Jackson Boulevard Chicago, Illinois 60604 EPA9Q5-R-94-016 May 1994 Superfund: Progress at National Priorities List Sites Minnesota 1994 Update ------- May 1994 NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST SITES: MINNESOTA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 5, Library (PL-12J) 77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th FJoof Chicago, JL 60604-3590 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY OFFICE OF SUPERFUND WASTE MANAGMENT DIVISION REGION 5 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60604 ------- TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION A Brief Overview of Superfund Streamlining Superfund: The Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model How Superfund Works THE VOLUME Xs How to use the State Book A SUMMARY OF THE STATE PROGRAM THE NPL FACT SHEETS THE GLOSSARY Terms used in the NPL Book ------- INTRODUCTION A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF SUPERFUND During the second half of the Twentieth Century, the environmental conse- quences of more than 100 years of industrial- ization in the United States became increas- ingly clear. Authors such as Rachel Carson wrote passionately about the often-hidden en- vironmental effects of our modern society's widespread use of chemicals and other haz- ardous materials. Their audience was small at first, but gradually their message spread. Growing concern turned to action, as people learned more about the environment and be- gan to act on their knowledge The 1970s saw environmental issues burst onto the national scene and take hold in the national consciousness. The first Earth Day was observed in 1970, the year that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was founded. By the end of the 1970s. Love Canal in New York and the Valley of the Drums in Kentucky had entered the popular lexicon as synonyms for pollution and environmental degradation. Superfund Is Established The industrialization that gave Americans the world's highest standard of living also created problems that only a national program could address. By 1980, the U.S. Congress had passed numerous environmental laws, imple- mented by the EPA, but many serious hazard- ous waste problems were slipping through the cracks. Responding to growing concern about public health and environmental threats from uncon- trolled releases of hazardous materials, the U.S. Congress passed the Comprehensive En- vironmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). Popularly known as Superfund, CERCLA had one seemingly simple job—to uncover and clean up hazard- ous materials spills and contaminated sites. A Big Job Few in Congress, the EPA. the environmen- tal community, or the general public knew in 19X0 just how big the nation's hazardous ma- terials problem is. Almost everyone thought that Superfund would be a short-lived pro- gram requiring relatively few resources to clean up at most a few hundred sites. They were quite mistaken. As the EPA set to work finding sites and gauging their potential to harm people and the environment, the number of sites grew. Each discovery seemed to lead to another. and today almost 36,000 hazardous waste sites have been investigated as potential haz- ardous waste sites. They are catalogued in the EPA's computerized database. CERCLIS (for the Comprehensive Environmental Re- ------- INTRODUCTION sponse, Compensation, and Liability Information System). The damage to public health and the environment that each site in CERCLIS might cause is evaluated; many sites have been referred to State and local governments for cleanup. The EPA lists the nation's most serious hazardous waste sites on the National Priorities List, or NPL. (These Superfund sites are eligible for federally-funded cleanup, but whenever possible the EPA makes polluters pay for the contamination they helped create.) The NPL,now numbers 1,275 sites, with 50 to 100 added each year. By the end of the century, the NPL may reach as many as 2000 sites. Superfund faces some of the most complex pollution problems ever encountered by an environmental program. Improperly stored or disposed chemicals and the soil they contaminate are one concern. More difficult to correct are the wetlands and bays, and the groundwater, lakes, and rivers often used for drinking water that are contaminated by chemicals spreading through the soil or mixing with storm water runoff. Toxic vapors contaminate the air at some sites, threatening the health of people living and working near by. Superfund aims to control immediate public health and environmental threats by tackling the worst problems at the worst sites first. Wherever possible, Superfund officials use innovative treatment techniques many developed or refined by the EPA to correct hazardous materials problems once and for all. Many of the treatment techniques they use did not exist when the program was created. The EPA Administrator had challenged Superfund to complete construction necessary for cleanup work at 200 NPL sites by the end of the 1992 federal fiscal year. By September 30, 1992, the end of fiscal year 1992, construction had been completed at a total of 149 NPL sites. By September 30, 1993, the end of fiscal year 1993, construction had been completed at 217 sites, well in excess of the Administrator's target of 200. The Superfund program now projects completing construction at over 650 sites by the year 2000. Quick Cleanup at NON-NPL Sites Long-standing hazardous waste sites are not Superfund's only concern. The EPA also responds to hazardous spillsand other emergencies, hauling away chemicals for proper treatment or disposal. Superfund teams perform"or supervise responses at rail and motor vehicle accidents, fires, and other emergencies involving hazardous substances. They also evacuate people living and working near by, if necessary, and provide clean drinking water to people whose own water is contaminated. Removal crews also post warning signs and take other precautions to keep people and animals away from hazardous substances. Quick Cleanups, or Removals are not limited to emergencies. When cleanup crews at contaminated sites find hazardous substances that immediately threaten people or the environment, they act right away to reduce the threat or to remove the chemicals outright. As the EPA implements the Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model (SACM), more and more sites will undergo quick cleanups, and many of these will be cleaned up completely • ------- INTRODUCTION without ever being included on the NPL. (See "Streamlining Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model."} Some of Superfund's most significant gains in public health and environmental protection have been won by the removal program. As of October 1, 1993, the Emergency Response Program in Region V has lost approximately 500 removal completions since Superfund was established. Public Participation Superfund is unique among federal programs in its commitment to citizen participation. Although the EPA is responsible for determining how dangerous a site is and how best to clean it up, the Agency relies on citizen input as it makes these decisions. Probably, the most important component of any NPL site is public participation. Community Involvement has played a significant role in the development of cleanup activities at a site. Although most proposals for cleanup activities are brought forth by the agency, it is usually the citizen's input that gives the "stamp of approval" on the cleanup plan. Residents also comment on EPA cleanup plans by stating their concerns and preferences at public meetings and other forums and in formal written comments to Agency proposals. The EPA takes and concerns seriously, and has modified many proposals in response to local concerns. For ultimately, it is the community and its citizens that will live with the results of the EPA's decisions and actions; it is only fair that citizens participate in the process. A Commitment to Communication The Superfund program is very serious about public outreach and communication. Community relations coordinators are assigned to each NPL site to help the public understand the potential hazards present, as well as, the cleanup alternatives. Local information repositories, such as libraries or other public buildings, have been established near each NPL site to ensure that the public has an opportunity to review all relevant information and the proposed cleanup plans. The individual State volumes contain summary fact sheets on NPL sites in each State and territory. Together, the fact sheets provide a concise report on site conditions and the progress made toward site cleanups as of May 1994. The EPA revises these volumes periodically to provide and up-to-date record of program activities. A glossary of terms relating to hazardous waste management and Superfund site cleanup is provided at the back of this book. Superfund is, of course, a public program, and as such it belongs to everyone of us. ------- INTRODUCTION STREAMLINING SUPERFUND: THE SUPERFUND ACCELERATED CLEANUP MODEL Historically, critics and supporters alike have measured Superfund's progress by the number of hazardous waste sites deleted from the NPL. Although easy enough to tally, this approach does not recognize the breadth of risk reduction attained by Superfund. First, it doesn't account for the early remedial actions conducted at the nations worst hazardous waste sites, which occurs well before site deletion. Second, it ignores the significant contribution to reducing risks to human health and the environment by the Removal Program. In renewing Superfund's commitment to quick and early response actions, EPA has undertaken an initiative to streamline the Superfund program. The Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model (SACM) emphasizes the conduct of early actions, such as drum removal and source control, while long-term actions, such as groundwater contamination are appropriately studied. In addition, SACM envisions an integrated site assessment process whereby the different Superfund assessments are integrated into a single process. Integrated assessments will reduce the time and resources required to evaluate a site and assess its threats to human health and the environment. This way, immediate public health and environmental threats will be addressed while long-term cleanups are being planned. Emergencies such as train derailments and motor vehicle accidents will continue to be handled expeditiously. Teams of highly trained technicians will swing into action right away, coordinating the cleanup and removal of hazardous substances to ensure public safety as quickly as possible. BREAKING WITH TRADITION The traditional Superfund process begins with a lengthy phase of study and site assessment, but SACM will save time by combing separate, yet similar, activities. Each EPA Region will form a Regional Decision Team (RDT) composed of program managers from the Removal and Remedial program, the Office of Regional Counsel, Office of Public Affairs, Environmental Science Division, and the States. The RDT will be responsible for making decisions on sites based on recommendations by Site Assessment Teams (SATs). The SATs are comprised of an RPM, OSC, SAM, staff attorney, State representative, and community relations coordinator. Other experts such as ecologist and toxicologists are brought in on the SATs on an as needed basis. SATs develop site specific strategies potentially utilizing Removal (i.e. early action) and/or Remedial (i.e. long-term action) statutory authorities. In many instances, SATs will recommend to the RDT the initiation of a -study for a long-term action while work begins on an early action to eliminate an immediate threat to public health and the environment. Early Actions include taking precautions to keep contaminants from moving off the site and restricting access to the site. Early Actions can eliminate most, if not all, risk associated with a Superfund site. Consequently, early public involvement is ------- INTRODUCTION BREAKING WITH TRADITION cont' participation during the site assessment process and Early Actions. LONG-TERM SOLUTIONS While Early Actions can correct many hazardous waste problems and provide the bulk of public health and environmental protection some contamination will take longer to correct. Cleanups of mining sites, wetlands, estuaries, and projects involving incineration of contaminants or restoration of ground water can take far longer than the three to five years envisioned for Early Actions. Under the SACM paradigm, the conduct of the long-term cleanup action will be similar to the present process. Also under SACM, the EPA will continue its pursuit of potentially responsible parties who may have caused or contributed to site contamination. Expedited enforcement and procedures for negotiating potentially responsible party settlements will secure their participation. Superfund personnel will continue to oversee clean-up work performed by potentially responsible parties. ------- INTRODUCTION HOW SUPERFUND WORKS Each Superfund site presents a different set of complex problems. The same haz- ardous materials and chemicals often con- taminate many sites, but the details of each site are different Almost always, soil is con- taminated with one or more chemicals. Their vapors may taint the air over and around the site. Contaminants may travel through the soil and reach underground aquifers which may be used for drinking water, or they may spread over the site to contaminate streams, ponds, and wetlands. The contaminating chemicals may interact with each other, presenting even more complicated cleanup problems. Superfund's cleanup process is arduous and exacting. It requires the best efforts of hun- dreds of experts in science and engineering, public health, administration and manage- ment, law, and many other fields. The average NPL site takes from seven to ten years to work its way through the system, from discovery to the start of long-term cleanup. Actual cleanup work can take years, decades if contaminated groundwater must be treated. Of course, imminent threats to public health or the environment are cor- rected right away. The diagram to the right presents a simplified view of the cleanup process. The major steps in the Superfund process are: • Site discovery and investigation to iden- tify contaminants and determine whether emergency action is required; • Emergency site work such as removing contaminants for proper treatment or dis- posal, and securing the site to keep people and animals away, if warranted by condi- tions at the site; • Site evaluation to determine how people living and working nearby, and the envi- ronment, may be exposed to site contami- nants; « Detailed studies to determine whether con- ditions are serious enough to add the site to the National Priorities List of sites eligible for federally funded cleanup under Super- fund; • Selection, design, and implementation of a cleanup plan, after a thorough review of the most effective cleanup options, given site conditions, contaminants present, and their potential threat to public health or the environment • Follow-up to ensure that the cleanup work done at the site continues to be effective over the long term. The Superfund Process From the earliest stages, EPA investigators work hard to identify those responsible for the contamination. As their responsibility is es- tablished, the EPA negotiates with these "re- sponsible parties" to pay for cleaning up the problem they helped create. This "enforce- ment first" policy saves-Superfund Trust Fund monies for use in cleanups where the respon- sible parties cannot be identified, or where they are unable to fund cleanup work. ------- THE VOLUME How to Use the State Book The Mte tact sheets presented m this book ore comprenensive summaries that cover a broad range of information. The fact sheets describe hazardous waste sites on the NPL and their locations, as well as the conditions leading to their listing ("Site Description"). The summaries list the types of contaminants that have been discovered and related threats to public and ecological health ('Threats and Contaminants'"). "Cleanup Approach" pres- ents an overview of the cleanup activities completed, underway, or planned. The fact sheets conclude with a brier synopsis of how much progress has been made in protecting public health and the environment. The summaries also pinpoint other actions, such as legal efforts to involve polluters responsible for sue contamination and community con- cerns. The fact sheets are arranged in alphabetical order by site name. Because site cleanup is a dynamic and gradual process, ail site informa- tion is accurate as of the date shown on the bottom of each page. Progress always is being made at NPL sites, and the EPA periodically will update the site fact sheets to reflect recent actions and will publish updated State vol- umes. The following two pages show a ge- neric fact sheet and briefly describe the infor- mation under each section. How Can You Use This State Book? You con use this book to keep informed about the sites that concern you. particularly ones close to home. The EPA is committed to involving the public in the decision making process associated with hazardous waste cleanup. The Agency solicits input from area residents in communities affected by Super- fund sites. Citizens are likely to be affected not only by hazardous site conditions, but also by the remedies that combat them. Site clean- ups take many forms and can affect communi- ties in different ways. Local traffic may be rerouted, residents may be relocated, tempo- rary water supplies may be necessary. Definitive information on a site can help citizens sift through alternatives and make decisions. To make good choices, you must know what the threats are and how the EPA intends to clean up the site. You must under- stand the cleanup alternatives being proposed for site cleanup and how residents may be affected by each one. You also need to have some idea of how your community intends to use the site in the future, and you need to know what the community can realistically expect once die cleanup is complete. The EPA wants to develop cleanup methods that meet community needs, but the Agency only can take local concerns into account if it understands what they are. Information must travel both ways in order for cleanups to be effective and satisfactory. Please take this opportunity to learn more, become involved. and assure that hazardous waste cleanup at "your" site considers your community's concerns. ------- THE VOLUME NPL L3T1NG HISTORY Provides the dares when the site was Proposed, made Final. and Deleted tmm the NPL. SUE RESPONSIBILITY Identities rhe Federal. State. and/or potentially responsihlc panics taxing responsmility tor deanun actions at the Mtc. ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS Summarizes the actions to reduce the threats to nearby residents and the surrounding environment and the progress towards cleaning up the sue. SITE NAME r-^7, EPA REGION XX COUNTY NAME LOCATION Threats and Contaminants Raapons* Action Status Environmental Prograss Stta Repository BBIBBI *1 SITE REPOSITORY Lists the location ot the primary site repository. The site repository may include community relations plans, public meeting announcements and minutes, fact sheets, press releases, and other site-related documents. ------- THE VOLUME SITE DESCRIPTION This section describes the locution and history of the site. It includes descrip- tions of the most recent activities and past actions at the site that have con- tributed to the contamination. Population estimates, land usages, and nearby resources give readers background on the local setting surrounding the site. THREATS AND CONTAMINANTS The major chemical categories of site contamination are noted, as well as which environmental resources are affected. Icons representing each of the affected resources unay include air. groundwater. surface water, soil, and contamination to environmentally sensitive areas) are included in the margins of this section. Potential threats to residents and the surrounding environ- ments arising from the Mte contamination also are described. CLEANUP APPROACH This section contains a brief overview of how the site is being cleaned up. RESPONSE ACTION STATUS Specific actions that have been accomplished or will be undertaken to clean up the site are described here. Cleanup activities at NPL sites are divided into separate phases, depending on the complexity and required actions at the site. Two major types of cleanup activities often are described: initial, immediate, or emergency actions to quickly remove or reduce imminent threats to the community and surrounding areas: and long-term remedial phases directed at final cleanup at the site. Each stage of the cleanup strategy is presented in this section of the summary. Icons representing the stage of the cleanup process (initial actions, site investigations, EPA selection of the cleanup remedy, engineering design phase, cleanup activities underway, and completed cleanup) are located in the margin next to each activity descrip- tion. SITE FACTS Additional information on activities and events at the site are included in this section. Often details on legal or administrative actions taken by the EPA to achieve site cleanup or other facts pertaining to community involvement with thesite cleanup process are reponed here. ------- A SUMMARY OF THE STATE PROGRAM ------- SUPERFUND ACTIVITIES IN MINNESOTA The State of Minnesota is located within EPA Region 5, which includes the six midwestern States. The State covers 84,402 square miles. According to the 1990 Census, Minnesota experienced a 7 percent increase in population between 1980 and 1990, and is ranked twentieth in population with approximately 4,375,000 residents approximately 4,375,000 residents. in U.S. population with The Minnesota Environmental Response & Liability Act (MERLA) of 1983, most recently amended in 1991, establishes funding and enforcement authority for site cleanup. The Statute grants the State the authority to compel polluter participation regardless of fault or amount of contributing pollution, collect civil penalties, recover the cost of State actions, and allow citizen suits. The 1991 amendment clarified that lenders are not solely liable for hazardous waste sites because they are an owner or they have the ability to influence operations. In practice, the State must encourage polluter participation first or seek Federal funding before using State funds. In addition to the 10 percent contribution from the State required by the Federal Superfund program, the MERLA Fund may be used for all cleanup-related and operation and maintenance activities, once approved by the Pollution Control Board. Funding for victim compensation is available through the Hazardous Substance Injury Compensation Fund. The activities and to receive their approval of all State actions. Currently, 41 sites in the State of Minnesota have been listed as final on the NPL; two sites have been deleted. THE MINNESOTA POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCY implements the Superfund Program in the State of Minnesota Facts about the 43 NPL sites in Minnestoa Immediate Actions (such as removing hazardous substances or restricting site access) were performed at 22 sites Fourteen sites endanger sensitive environments Thirty-six sites are located near residential areas ------- I MINNESOTA The Potentially Responsible Party Pays... In the State of Minnesota, potentially responsible parties are paying for or conducting cleanup activities at 27 sites. For Further Information on NPL Sites and Hazardous Waste Waste Programs in the State of Ohio Please Contact: * EPA Region 5 Office of Public Affairs * National Response Center * Minnesota Pollution Control Agency: Groundwater and Solid Waste Division * EPA Region 5 Waste Management Division * EPA Superfund Hotline For information concerning community involvement To report a hazardous waste emergency For information about the State's responsibility in the Superfund Program For information about the Regional Superfund Program For information about the Federal Superfund Program (312) 353-2072 (800) 424-8802 (612) 296-6605 (312) 353-9419 (800) 424-9068 ------- ADRIAN MUN WELL FIELD MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND980904023 EPA REGION 5 Nobles County Adrian Site Description The Adrian Municipal Well Field site, located within the Adrian city limits, is contaminated with volatile halogenated and non-halogenated organic chemicals, according to tests conducted by the State. The State has closed the two most highly contaminated city wells because of the health risk. The City now is using two uncontaminated wells previously slated to be abandoned due to their age and low capacity. Since contaminants found in Adrian wells are typical of gasoline contamination, source investigations have focused on a number of underground storage tanks used to store gasoline and fuel oil. There are nine separate underground storage tank locations in the vicinity of the Adrian Municipal Well Field. The source of the contamination appears to be a service station that had visibly leaking underground storage tanks removed in the past, and possibly, a local glass company. The underground storage tanks from all but three of the locations have been removed. The estimated 1987 population of Adrian was 1,305 residents. All households, with one exception, are connected to a municipal water supply. The nearest residence is approximately two blocks south of the contaminated area. Several recreational facilities, including a swimming pool, two ballfields, and a campground, are located between the areas of contamination and the upper arm of Kanaranzi Creek. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and State actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/15/84 Final Date: 06/10/86 Threats and Contaminants The groundwater is polluted with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including benzene, toluene, and chloroform. Inhalation of airborne contaminants, and ingestion and direct contact with contaminated groundwater are potential health threats; however, it is unlikely since alternative drinking water sources have been provided to affected residents. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Entire Site: After installation of activated carbon filtration units, the closed wells (wells 3 and 4) were temporarily brought back on line from July through November 1984. During this interim period, two new wells were installed outside the area of contamination. Well 5 went into production in November 1984, and Well 6 went into production in 1985. Superfund activity has been completed at this site, and the site was deleted from the NPL in December 1992. Responsibility for the remaining site cleanup actions has been transferred to the EPA's Underground Storage Tank program, administered by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, for contaminated soil removal and area cleanup. Environmental Progress The installation of two new wells outside of the area of contamination at the Adrian Municipal Well Field site has eliminated the potential for exposure to contaminated drinking water for users of the municipal water system. Final cleanup activities will be conducted under the EPA Underground Storage Tank program. Site Repository Adrian Public Library, 214 Maine Avenue, Adrian, MN 56110 May 1994 ADRIAN MUNICIPAL WELL FIELD ------- AGATE LAKE SCRAPYARD MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND980898068 EPA REGION 5 Cass County stern shore of Agate Lake, Fairview Township Site Description The Agate Lake Scrapyard covers about 2 acres on the eastern shore of Agate Lake in a rural area of Fairview Township. The area is used mostly for recreation and residential purposes. About 480 acres of public forest and adjacent wetland near the northwestern side of the site are used for hunting. Approximately 33 homes, a small resort, and a golf course are located across the lake from the site. The Agate Lake Scrapyard operated from 1952 to 1982 as an industrial waste treatment facility. Two homemade furnaces were used to smelt aluminum, copper, and lead for an unknown time period until the site closed. Transformer oils and halogenated solvents were used to fuel the furnace. Transformer liquids sometimes were spilled or drained onto the ground, mainly near the furnaces. A large ash pile from the furnaces was found in the main transformer storage area. This pile was fenced during cleanup of the site in the early 1980s. The fencing has been partially removed since that time, which allows access to the ash pile. Two smaller ash piles that are thought to contain asbestos were found on the northeastern side of the site. An on-site open dump area along the western side of the entrance road, just north of a gully, contains bottles, cans, and other trash. The gully area slopes down toward a wetland area about 10 feet north. Junked automobiles are found at various locations on the site, about 100 feet from Agate Lake. Lead batteries were observed in several places. Approximately 1,100 people reside within 3 miles of the site. These people depend on groundwater as a source of drinking water. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/15/84 Final Date: 06/10/86 May 1994 ------- Threats and Contaminants The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including trichloroethylene (TCE), benzene, toluene, and methylene chloride. The soil is contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, furans, and lead. Exposure to contaminants from soils is most likely through accidental ingestion, especially by children playing in the area, or by way of inhaling contaminated soil or ash particles. Swimmers and people fishing may be exposed to PCBs if they use Agate Lake or the nearby wetlands for recreation. People consuming fish from the lake may be exposed to health risks. Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial phase directed at cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Interim Actions: Transformers, five drums of transformer oils, and 51 drums of waste solvents and liquids were removed from the site during two operations in 1983. Two furnaces also were dismantled. In the fall of 1983, approximately 300 cubic yards of contaminated soil were excavated from the main transformer storage area and were deposited in an on-site gully located west of the site entrance road. The contaminated soil was mixed with clean soil and revegetated with grass seed. The contaminated ash pile and the surface soils were disposed of and excavated. Entire Site: Investigations into the nature and extent of contamination have been completed by the party potentially responsible for site contamination, under State monitoring. In 1993, the EPA concurred upon the following remedy that will be used to clean up the site. Groundwater contamination will be addressed by this decision. Site Facts: The State of Minnesota issued a Unilateral Administrative Order compelling the potentially responsible party to perform an investigation of site contamination and to identify alternative methods for cleanup. Environmental Progress The contaminated materials and soils have been removed from the Agate Lake Scrapyard site, thereby reducing the potential for exposure to hazardous materials while groundwater remediation continues. May 1994 AGATE LAKE SCRAPYARD ------- Site Repository Brainerd Public Library, 416 South 5th Street, Brainerd, MN 56401 AGATE LAKE SCRAPYARD May 1994 ------- ARROWHEAD REFINERY COMPANY MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND980823975 EPA REGION 5 St. Louis County Hermantown Other Names: Arrowhead Ref. Sludge Dspl. Site Description The Arrowhead Refinery Company site, which is located in Hermantown near Duluth, consists of 10 acres of relatively flat land with peaty wetlands scattered across the area. During the 1940s, the site was used for retinning milk cans. In 1951, however, Arrowhead began recycling waste oil, which produced a highly acidic, metal-laden sludge. It is estimated that the operation generated approximately 6,000 cubic yards of waste by-products, which were discharged into a 2-acre lagoon and a wastewater ditch in a wetland area. The Arrowhead Refinery Company incorporated in 1961 and continued refining and recycling operations until 1977, when the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) ordered work to be stopped. On-site investigations conducted by the EPA in 1979 revealed that on-site surface water was transporting contaminants to nearby wetlands areas and navigable waters. Most of the 754 residences within a 3-mile radius of the site use groundwater that could be affected by the contaminants in the sludge. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a combination of Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/08/83 Final Date: 09/21/84 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater, surface water, soils, and sediments are contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals such as lead. The sludge lagoon, covering roughly an acre, consists of liquid sludge approximately 1 1/2 feet deep and up to 7 feet of solid sludge, filter cake and peat saturated with oil to a depth of at least 4 inches. The contaminated sludge may pose health risks to individuals or wildlife coming in direct contact with it. Groundwater beneath the site is contaminated, but the contamination has not yet affected the private water wells near the site. The area is fenced to prevent public access to the site. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in two stages: an immediate action and a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Immediate Action: A surface water diversion ditch was constructed in 1980 by the Coast Guard and the EPA to prevent further contaminant migration, and a fence was installed in 1990. Entire Site: In 1986, the EPA selected the following remedies to address the site contamination: excavation and on-site incineration of 4,600 cubic yards of sludge and 39,400 cubic yards of contaminated soils and sediments; groundwater extraction and treatment to restore the aquifer and control contaminant migration over a 25 to 50-year period; extension of a nearby municipal water supply system to replace those private water supplies most likely to be affected by groundwater contamination; and proper plugging and abandonment of individual wells formerly used as drinking water supplies in accordance with State well codes. Under EPA monitoring, the potentially responsible parties designed the technical specifications for the construction of the Hermantown water main extension. Construction of the water main extension was completed in late 1990. Construction of the extraction and treatment system was completed in 1992. The State, and the PRPs conducted a number of treatability studies in order to find a less costly and more environmentally friendly alternative to incineration. As a result of these efforts, the Record of Decision (ROD) was amended on February 9, 1994. The sludge and filter cake will be re- refined and sold as off-spill level oil. The soil, where lead is the principal contaminant, will be excavated and placed in a landfill. The site will be back filled with clean soil and closed. Completion of this work is expected by the end of 1995. Site Facts: In March 1990, the EPA issued a Unilateral Administrative Order to several potentially responsible parties, directing them to implement the groundwater cleanup actions. In May 1990, the EPA issued special notice letters to several parties informing them of their liability for the waste sludge and instructing them to begin the process of negotiating a three- party Consent Decree with the EPA and the State for cleanup of the sludge. No agreement was reached during the negotiations. Subsequent to the Amendment to the ROD, RD/RA negotiations are taking place. Environmental Progress Construction of the surface water diversion ditch, extension of the Hermantown water main, and installation of the fence have greatly reduced the potential for contact with contaminated materials at the Arrowhead Refinery Company while cleanup activities are underway. May 1994 ARROWHEAD REFINERY COMPANY ------- Site Repository Duluth Public Library, 520 West Superior Street, Duluth, MN 55802 ARROWHEAD REFINERY COMPANY May 1994 ------- BOISE CASC OMAN CORP. MEDTRONICS MINNESOTA EPAID# MND053417515 Site Description EPA REGION 5 Anoka County Fridley Other Names: National Pole Treating Company The Boise Cascade/Onan Corp./Medtronics, Inc. site covers 183 acres in Fridley. The National Pole and Treating Company, later the Minnesota and Ontario Paper Company, treated wood from 1921 until 1961 at this location. Operations at the site first used creosote to treat wood for railroad ties and for utility poles. The company began using pentachlorophenol (PCP) to treat its wood products in 1958 and continued this practice until 1961, when all operations stopped. In 1964, the Minnesota and Ontario Paper Company and the National Pole Treating Company were purchased and merged into the Boise Cascade Company. The Onan Corporation acquired 133 acres of the Boise Cascade property, and Medtronic Corporation purchased the remaining 50 acres. Both of these new owners built commercial and manufacturing facilities on the site. In 1979, Onan and Medtronic uncovered large quantities of creosote from past treatment operations. Approximately 3,000 people live within a mile of the site. Several residences are located within 500 feet of the site. Two elementary schools and several small urban parks are located within a mile of the site. Groundwater contamination from this site is a major concern, because the towns of Fridley and Moundsview use water drawn from municipal wells located near the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a combination of Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/08/83 Final Date: 09/21/84 Threats and Contaminants ZE The EPA detected high levels of organics including creosote and phenols in on-site groundwater monitoring wells. Sediments and soils throughout the site also contained these same contaminants. Sampling of all contaminated areas has indicated that the contaminants either have been removed from the site or confined within a containment vault built at the site. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Entire Site: Work was completed in 1986 at both properties on the site to address the contamination problems. The work included: excavating and disposing of contaminated soil; filling in the excavated areas with clean soil; removing and treating contaminated groundwater at the site; constructing a fence around the site; and monitoring the air and surface water within the site vicinity. Long-term monitoring of the vault constructed on the site to contain contaminated materials is planned. Site Facts: In 1984, Medtronic entered into a Consent Decree with the State to help pay the cost of addressing contamination of its part of the site. Onan Corporation, Boise Cascade, and two railroad companies went to court to decide their individual responsibility and an acceptable solution to contamination of the property. Environmental Progress All the cleanup work at the Boise Cascade site has been completed, and the EPA is continuing to monitor the air and surface water. The containment vault also will be monitored to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the remedies selected for the site. Site Repository Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155 May 1994 BOISE CASCADE/ ONAN CORP./ MEDTRONICS, INC. ------- BURLINGTON NORTHERN (BRAINERD/B PLANT) MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND000686196 EPA REGION 5 Crow Wing County Brainerd Site Description The Burlington Northern (Brainerd/Baxter Plant) site is a 70-acre facility that preserved railroad ties with creosote and is located in the Baxter/Brainerd area. Burlington Northern operated the railroad tie treatment plant between 1907 and 1985. During the 1950s, Burlington Northern began mixing creosote, a preserver, with number five fuel oil. At some undetermined time, the mixture was changed to creosote and coal tar. Waste water generated from the wood treating process was sent to two shallow, unlined surface impoundments for disposal. The discharge of wastewater to the disposal ponds generated a sludge that contaminated both the underlying soils and groundwater. The original pond was abandoned in the 1930s and was covered. The second pond was used until the fall of 1982, when a wastewater pre-treatment plant became operational. The effluent from the pre-treatment plant was discharged to the local municipal sewage collection system. The Mississippi River flows about 3,000 feet east of the plant, and residential areas are located to the northeast and southeast, less than 1,000 feet from the site. Six private water supply wells are within a 1/2-mile radius of the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 07/16/82 Final Date: 09/08/83 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater downgradient of the site is contaminated with carcinogenic and non- carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Heavy metal contamination also has been detected in groundwater samples. PAHs have migrated into the surrounding soils from the contaminated wastewater and sludge. Access to the railroad tie treatment plant is restricted; therefore, it is not likely that the general public would enter the installation. Prior to the initiation of the cleanup activities, workers at the site could have been exposed to the contaminants through direct contact with contaminated soil, sludge, or groundwater or by inhaling dust when contaminated soil or sludge was disturbed. The Mississippi River will be sampled periodically for contamination from the site. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Entire Site: In 1985, the EPA selected the following cleanup remedies for the site: preparation of a lined staging area for temporary storage of the sludge and contaminated soil; removal of all standing water in the impoundment; excavation and segregation of the sludges for subsequent free oil recovery; and excavation of visibly contaminated soil from both impoundments and subsequent storage in the staging area. A fence was installed around the land treatment area in 1987. The excavated areas will be backfilled and covered. A sump for collection of the stormwater and leachate will be installed, and bioremediation of soil and the installation of an irrigation system also will be carried out. After the treatment process has been completed, a cover will be installed over the site. The EPA currently is conducting soil and groundwater cleanup activities on the site. The groundwater is being treated through a gradient control system that has been installed on site. Any water discharged to the river will be regulated by Federal and State permits. The soil bioremediation is taking place. The final goal of treatment by bioremediation is the transformation and immobilization of waste constituents in soil into non-toxic materials. Site Facts: A Consent Agreement was signed in April 1985 between the EPA and Burlington Northern. Burlington Northern is carrying out the site cleanup at its own expense. In addition, the company will reimburse the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and the EPA for expenses incurred in connection with past and future investigations. Environmental Progress The potential for exposure to hazardous wastes continues to diminish as cleanup activities at the Burlington Northern site continue. The EPA has determined that the site does not pose an imminent threat to the surrounding population or the environment while the groundwater gradient control treatment system is in operation and the other cleanup activites are underway. Site Repository Brainerd Public Library, 206 North 7th Street, Brainerd, MN 56401 May 1994 BURLINGTON NORTHERN (BRAINERD/BAXTER PLANT) ------- DAKHUE LANDFILL MINNESOTA EPAID* MND981191570 EPA REGION 5 Dakota County les north of Cannon Falls Site Description The Dakhue Sanitary Landfill, covering approximately 80 acres, is a privately owned and State-permitted sanitary landfill that has operated since 1971 in Cannon Falls. Prior to 1971, the land within the site boundary was undeveloped. Since opening, the landfill has been used for the disposal of mixed municipal and commercial waste and small amounts of industrial waste. The landfill was open on a part-time basis until 1973, when operations were extended to six days a week. The exact quantity and disposal area of hazardous substances is unknown. The area surrounding the site consists mainly of single family dwellings or farms. Residential drinking water supply wells, municipal water supply wells, and irrigation wells draw groundwater from a shallow aquifer and from the hydraulically connected aquifers beneath it. Approximately 650 people use the aquifer as the primary source of drinking water within a 3- mile radius of the site, and about 6,600 acres of major cropland are irrigated with water from the aquifer. Pine Creek, 3/4 mile south of the site, and the Cannon River, 2 3/4 miles south of the site, are used for recreational purposes. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a combination of Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/26/89 Final Date: 08/30/90 Threats and Contaminants On-site groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chloroform, and heavy metals including cadmium and lead. People could be exposed to potential health threats by drinking the contaminated groundwater or by eating food crops that have been irrigated with the contaminated groundwater. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach — The site is being addressed in three stages: interim actions and two long-term remedial phases focusing on source control and cleanup of the groundwater. Response Action Status Interim Actions: Interim erosion control measures were completed in June 1990. Areas where garbage was exposed were filled in, and a trench was dug around the site to direct surface water into catch basins. Source Control: Under the supervision of the State of Minnesota, a study was conducted by the potentially responsible parties to determine the source of the contamination and to identify cleanup actions to control the source. In 1991, the EPA decided to install a solid waste cap over the landfill as well as a leachate collection system. These cleanup actions were completed in 1992. Groundwater: An investigation into the nature and extent of the groundwater contamination began in 1990. The investigation was completed in 1992. The Record of Decision was signed in June 1993. EPA and the State have decided to monitor the groundwater on-site and let the aquifer remediate itself through the natural biodegradation process. Site Facts: The State amended the landfill permit in 1983, and, in 1984, it issued a notice to the facility for violation of the amended permit. In 1984, the State and the potentially responsible party entered into a Consent Order requiring the party to conduct the investigation into the nature and extent of contamination at the site and to recommend alternatives for final cleanup. Environmental Progress Interim measures to control the movement of contamination from the Dakhue Sanitary Landfill site have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials on and around the site. A Subtitle D solid waste landfill cap has been constructed, and two monitoring wells have been installed. Site Repository Cannon Falls Library, 306 West Mill Street, Cannon Falls, MN 55009 May 1994 DAKHUE SANITARY LANDFILL ------- EAST BETHE DEMOLITION LANDFILL MINNESOTA EPAID* MND981088180 A REGION 5 Anoka County East Bethel Other Names: East Bethel Sanitary Landfill Site Description The East Bethel Demolition Landfill site is a 60-acre landfill located in the City of East Bethel, 1 mile east of Highway 65. The site operated as an unpermitted solid waste disposal facility from 1969 to 1971. In the fall of 1971, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MFCA) issued a solid waste disposal facility permit for the site, which was amended in 1985. The site currently accepts only demolition waste and a small amount of municipal waste. According to information provided by representatives of the landfill, the majority of hazardous waste was accepted between 1969 and 1976. MPCA files indicate that the equivalent of approximately 4,400 drums of hazardous industrial wastes and contaminated soils were buried in the landfill in 1974. Hazardous industrial wastes reported to have been disposed of at the site include cleaning solvents, waste inks, caustics and acids, paint, waste oils, thinner, dry cleaning solvents, liquids with a strong chemical odor, small transformers, and 8-ounce cans of ether. The landfill is located on the Anoka Sand Plain, a shallow sand aquifer that provides drinking water to some residents in the area. The aquifer is contaminated; however, the majority of residents use a deeper aquifer for drinking water. Approximately 3,400 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site, with about 300 who use private wells living within 1 mile. The two closest residences are about 1,500 feet southwest of the landfill. A growing subdivision begins about 2,000 feet southwest of the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and potentially responsible parties. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/18/85 Final Date: 06/10/86 May 1994 ------- Threats and Contaminants Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been identified in groundwater from the shallow aquifer. Two wells on the western and southern borders of the landfill area are the most heavily contaminated with VOCs. Several other compounds have been detected in the two most contaminated wells, including the heavy metals arsenic, barium, cadmium, mercury, and lead. Porycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) also were detected in these wells. On-site soils have been found to be contaminated with VOCs including toluene and vinyl chloride. Potential health risks may exist for those accidentally ingesting, coming into direct contact with, or inhaling volatilized contaminants from the contaminated groundwater or soil. The areas to the west and southeast are marshy wetlands, and Ned's Lake lies 1,000 feet to the south; both the wetlands and Ned's Lake may be threatened from site contaminants. Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed as two long-term remedial phases directed at cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Entire Site: The State has completed an investigation to determine the nature and extent of contamination at the site, the feasibility of site cleanup alternatives, and in 1993 selected the most appropriate cleanup alternative for groundwater contamination. The cleanup alternative for the landfill cover will be selected in 1995. Environmental Progress The EPA performed a preliminary investigation and determined that there are no immediate threats to the surrounding community or the environment while the investigations leading to the final remedy selections are taking place. Site Repository East Bethel City Hall, 2241 221st Avenue, Northeast Cedar, MN 55011 May 1994 EAST BETHEL DEMOLITION LANDFILL ------- FMC CORP. (FRIDLEY MINNESOTA EPAID# MND006481543 Friday EPA REGION 5 Hennepin County about 1,000 feet east the Mississippi River Other Names: FMC Corp. NIROP-U.S. Navy Site Description The 18-acre FMC Corp. site combines two areas in Fridley, referred to as the FMC lands and the Burlington Northern Railroad Company lands, 13 acres and 5 acres in size, respectively. Both areas are located immediately south of the FMC Ordnance Plant. From 1941 until 1964, the site operated as a naval ordnance manufacturing complex. From about 1945 to 1969, a tract of land south of the manufacturing complex was used for the burning and disposal of wastes, including plating wastes, paint, paint sludges, oils, bottom ash, and chlorinated and non-chlorinated solvents. An 11-acre unlined landfill on the site was used for the disposal of hazardous wastes. Records indicate that solvents and sludges were dumped directly into unlined pits and burned or buried. Disposal at the site was discontinued in 1969. There are approximately 200,000 people living within 3 miles of the site. This population receives drinking water from wells extended into the bedrock aquifer. The City of Minneapolis has a drinking water supply intake on the river 1,500 feet downstream of the site. The drinking water plant supplies about 500,000 people. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a combination of Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 07/16/82 Final Date: 09/08/83 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including trichloroethylene (TCE) and benzene. Soil was contaminated with TCE and benzene. TCE was detected in high concentrations near the Mississippi River and probably contributed to the detection of VOCs in the Minneapolis drinking water supply intake. The main health risk of concern to people is from drinking contaminated groundwater. There are no private drinking water wells in the area and the industrial wells are not contaminated. Therefore, area residents are not directly exposed to groundwater contamination from the site. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Immediate Actions: In 1983, the party potentially responsible for the site contamination, under EPA and State supervision, excavated approximately 38,600 cubic yards of contaminated soil and placed it in a secure containment and treatment facility constructed on site. Drummed waste that was found in isolated areas on the site was excavated, overpacked, sampled, and disposed of at an off-site approved landfill. A gas extraction and treatment system was constructed to gradually reduce the levels of contamination in the soil in the containment and treatment facility. Excavated areas were restored and revegetated. In a separate action, and during the same year, additional contaminated soil was excavated and placed in the on-site containment and treatment facility. Entire Site: The cleanup methods selected to address groundwater contamination included: groundwater extraction and treatment with discharge to a sanitary sewer system; groundwater monitoring to assure effectiveness of the extraction and treatment; and implementation of land use restrictions to stop the use of contaminated groundwater between the site and the Mississippi River. The potentially responsible party constructed the groundwater treatment system, which has been in operation since 1987. A secure cover was placed on the on-site containment and treatment facility to stop ongoing groundwater contamination, and the on-site containment and treatment facility areas have been enclosed by an 8-foot-high chain-link fence. Groundwater treatment will continue until established cleanup goals for the site are met. Site Facts: In 1983, the potentially responsible party, the State, and the EPA entered into an agreement that required the potentially responsible party to construct a large clay-lined containment and treatment facility on an uncontaminated portion of the site for placement of about 38,600 cubic yards of contaminated soils excavated from the site. The party also agreed to conduct the study to determine the nature and extent of groundwater contamination at the site and to recommend alternatives for final groundwater cleanup. The recommended alternative was documented in 1987 Record of Decision. Environmental Progress Extraction and treatment of contaminated groundwater is underway. Removing contaminated soil and continued operation of the on-site containment and treatment facility will help prevent further contamination of groundwater. These actions have reduced the threat of exposure to contaminants while operation of the groundwater treatment system continues. May 1994 FMC CORP. (FRIDLEY PLANT) ------- Site Repository Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155 FMC CORP. (FRIDLEY PLANT) May 1994 ------- FREEWAY SA LANDFILL MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND038384004 EPA REGION 5 Dakota County Burnsville Site Description The Freeway Sanitary Landfill site covers 126 acres in Burnsville. Since 1971, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency licensed the landfill to accept 1,962 acre-feet of household, commercial, demolition, and non-hazardous industrial wastes. The State permit prohibited the disposal of liquids and hazardous wastes. However, heavy metals, acids, and bases were accepted by the landfill from local industries. The landfill also accepted 200 cubic yards of battery casings and 448 tons of aluminum sweat furnace slag. In 1984, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals were detected in the groundwater. The owner has installed a cover over the landfill. Burnsville's municipal wells are located about 4,000 feet to the south of the landfill. These wells serve approximately 36,000 people. Two quarries are located nearby. Surface water runoff drains from the site into the Minnesota River, about 400 feet from the landfill. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a combination of Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/18/85 Final Date: 06/10/86 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater contains VOCs such as benzene, ethyl benzene, and xylene and heavy metals including arsenic, chromium, copper, lead, and manganese. Exposure to contaminated groundwater is possible if the pollutants migrate to the Burnsville municipal well field. Water beneath the landfill discharges into the Minnesota River. Wildlife in and around the river may be harmed by the contaminants. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Entire site: The entire plume beneath the landfill is being captured by two groundwater depression pumps by an adjacent site. Volatiles are being stripped off and metals haven't been detected in the surface water. The two pumps operate on a 24 hour cycle with a third pump used as a backup. The backup pump is capable of capturing the entire plume by itself. Site Facts: The State is continuing to gather information on specific facilities and former landfill operators to identify potentially responsible parties. Environmental Progress A supplemental remedial investigation has been completed and feasibility study and Record of Decision is scheduled to be completed by the third quarter 1994. Site Repository Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155 May 1994 FREEWAY SANITARY LANDFILL ------- GENERAL MILLS/HEN CORPORATI MINNESOTA EPAID* MND051441731 EPA REGION 5 Hennepin County Minneapolis Other Names: ech Center Research Lab Henkel Tech Center Site Description The General Mills/Henkel Corporation site is located in an industrial section of Minneapolis. General Mills operated a technical center and research laboratories at the site from 1930 through 1977. Food research was conducted until 1947, when chemical research began. From 1947 to 1962, solvents were disposed of in a soil adsorption pit and are believed to be contained in three buried, perforated 55-gallon drums, stacked one on top of another, with the deepest drum 10 to 12 feet below the ground surface. Approximately 1,000 gallons of solvents per year were disposed of in this manner. The soil and the aquifers are contaminated. Although the site is in an industrial section of Minneapolis, approximately 4,900 people live within 1 mile of the property. Access to the site is restricted. All residences and businesses in the area are connected to the municipal water system. This water is obtained from the Mississippi River north of the city. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/08/83 Final Date: 09/21/84 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including trichlorethylene, benzene, chloroform, toluene, and xylenes. Soil was contaminated with VOCs. People who came in direct contact with or accidentally ingest contaminated groundwater may be at risk; however, exposure is unlikely as access to the site is restricted while treatment continues. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Interim Actions: General Mills installed wells to pump the water out of the contaminated aquifers and treat it by air stripping in 1985. Air is forced through the water and blows the contaminants out. The air is then treated before being released into the atmosphere. The treated water is discharged into the municipal sewer system. The groundwater is being monitored to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment. Entire Site: The State conducted an investigation of the groundwater and soil contamination. Cleanup began in 1985 and involves continuing the extraction and treatment of the groundwater. The on-site contaminated groundwater is pumped to an air stripper, then discharged into the Minneapolis storm sewer network. The offsite contaminated groundwater is pumped directly to the Minneapolis storm sewer network. The State has issued discharge permits for all activities. In 1992, the offsite groundwater pumping system was expanded. The contaminates in the groundwater have been decreasing since the pump and treatment system has begun. It may take as long as 20 years to reach the cleanup goal. No further cleanup of the soil is required; sampling showed that soil contamination has migrated into the groundwater and no longer poses a threat. Site Facts: An Interim Close Out report is being prepared and once executed, the site will go into long-term response action. A five year review will occur to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the site remedy. Environmental Progress By extracting and treating the contaminated groundwater, the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the General Mills/Henkel site has been reduced while cleanup continues. Site Repository Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155 May 1994 GENERAL MILLS/HENKEL CORPORATION ------- JOSLYN MANUFACT & SUPPLY C MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND044799856 EPA REGION 5 Hennepin County Brooklyn Center Other Names: >slyn Wood Products Plant Site Description The Joslyn Manufacturing & Supply Company site covers 30 acres in Brooklyn Center. From the 1920s until 1980, a wood treating facility was operated at the site where creosote, pentachlorophenol (PCP), and a copper-arsenic solution were used. In 1944, this facility discharged its wastewater into a marshy area connected to Twin Lakes. Later, an unlined lagoon adjacent to the marsh was used. In 1976, about 216,000 gallons of oil were discharged into the lagoon. Waste sludge also was buried on site. Approximately 800 people live within 1/2 mile of the site. The surrounding area is both light industrial and residential. Surface water runoff from the site drains into Shingle Creek, which empties into the Mississippi River. Twin Lakes is used for swimming, boating, and fishing. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/08/83 Final Date: 09/21/84 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater and soils are contaminated with PCPs, creosote, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and oil. Because groundwater flow in the area is to the east, away from Twin Lakes, the lakes are not affected by the site. Sampling of the lakes has confirmed this. Area drinking water is not affected, since residences are connected to the city water system. Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial phase directed at cleanup of the entire site. May 1994 ------- Response Action Status Interim Actions: Joslyn removed about 30,000 gallons of wood treating solutions in 1981 and 65,000 gallons of sludge in 1982. These wastes were transported to a federally approved facility. In 1986, Joslyn fenced the entire site area, and the company connected six properties to the city water supply. Entire Site: In 1989, the State selected a remedy for site cleanup, now being conducted by Joslyn, which includes extracting the groundwater and discharging it to the sanitary sewer system where it is treated. Before the water is discharged to the sewer system, water and oil mixtures are first sent through an on-site treatment system to remove the oil. It is estimated the groundwater extraction and treatment will continue for 30 years. In addition, Joslyn is cleaning the soil through bioremediation. This involves thinly spreading contaminated soil over a specially engineered area on the site, adding water and nutrients, periodically tilling the area, and allowing the soil bacteria, with help from the applied water and nutrients, to break down the contaminants into non-hazardous constituents. This process began in 1989 and will take approximately 6 years to complete. Site Facts: In 1985, the State and Joslyn signed a Consent Order whereby the company agreed to clean up the site. Environmental Progress The removal of the most highly contaminated soils, operation of the groundwater pump and treat system, and installation of the fence have significantly reduced the possibility of exposure to hazardous materials on the site while the final cleanup activities are taking place at the Joslyn Manufacturing site. Site Repository Southdale Public Library, 7001 York Avenue South, Edina, MN 55435 May 1994 JOSLYN MANUFACTURING & SUPPLY COMPANY ------- KOCH COMPANY/ N-REN CORP. MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND000686071 EPA REGION 5 Dakota County Rosemount Site Description The Koch Refining Company/N-Ren Corp. site covers 1,200 acres in the Pine Bend industrial district of Rosemount. The site includes the refinery and adjacent properties owned by Koch. The Great Northern Refining Company began refining oil on this site in 1955. In 1969, the refinery was sold to Koch, which has expanded refining capacity from 25,000 barrels to 160,000 barrels per day. The refinery receives crude oil by pipeline and barge; the crude oil is then refined into gasoline, jet fuel, heating oil, kerosene, diesel fuel, boiler fuel, asphalt, petroleum coke, sulfur, carbon dioxide, butane, and propane. Product spills have been recorded in the storage tank area on the site since the early 1970s. The State sampled water from six private wells near the refinery and found them to be contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). A section of gasoline pipeline running from the tank farms to the barge dock on the Mississippi River had corroded, but was replaced. This pipeline is believed to be the source of groundwater and soil contamination at the site. Approximately 60 people live within 1 mile of the refinery. About 1,600 people, as well as a school with 2,600 students, use wells within 3 miles of the site for drinking water. Four miles north of the site is Inver Grove Heights, with a population of about 16,100. There is a population of about 6,800 people to the south of the site. Four people living in two homes east of the refinery are being supplied with bottled water due to well contamination. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a combination of Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/15/84 Final Date: 06/10/86 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater contaminants include VOCs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols, and lead. Soil also is contaminated with VOCs including benzene, toluene, and xylenes as well as PAHs. Drinking water for the employees on the site is obtained from deep bedrock production wells that are not contaminated. People who directly contact or accidentally ingest contaminated soils may be at risk. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in a two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of groundwater and of the vadose zone soils. Response Action Status Groundwater: Koch, under state supervision, completed an investigation on the type and extent of contamination at the site. Recommended cleanup remedies for groundwater includes gradient control by groundwater extraction and treatment and product recovery. Vadose Zone Soils: Koch, under state supervision, is conducting an investigation to determine the type and extent of soil contamination in the Vadose Zone at the site. The Vadose Zone is the layer of subsurface water just above the groundwater table. The investigation was completed, December 1993. Alternatives will be selected for site cleanup. Site Facts: In 1985, the State entered into a Consent Agreement with Koch Refining Company, whereby the company agreed to clean up the site. Environmental Progress The EPA conducted preliminary evaluations of the site conditions and determined that no immediate threat is posed to the surrounding communities or the environment while the investigations leading to the selection of the final cleanup remedies are taking place. Site Repository Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155 May 1994 KOCH REFINING COMPANY/ N-REN CORP. ------- KOPPERS COKE MINNESOTA EPA ID#MND000819359 Site Description EPA REGION 5 Ramsey County St. Paul Other Names: Minnesota Coke Plant Koppers Company, Inc. The Koppers Coke site covers 45 acres in the Midway area of St. Paul. The facility operated from 1911 until 1978, producing coke, coal tars, and coal tar distillates from the coking of coal. Coke plant wastes were disposed of in unlined earthen pits. In addition, contamination of soils from coal tar distillates and naphtha and benzene wash has occurred. Numerous tanks and valves leaked over the years, causing additional coal tar distillate to migrate to the shallow groundwater table. The company demolished all standing structures and removed storage tanks in 1981. The site was acquired in 1981 by the Port Authority for the St. Paul Energy Park. Office and light industrial buildings now occupy the site. Approximately 15,400 residents live within 1 mile of the site. The nearest residence is 100 feet away, and Como Park, a recreational facility, is 3/4 mile from the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a combination of Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/22/81 Final Date: 09/08/83 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and phenols. Because all local residences are connected to the municipal water supply, the private wells are not used for drinking water. However, these wells occasionally are used for lawn and garden irrigation. There is a potential for people to be exposed to contaminants by eating vegetables that have been irrigated with the contaminated groundwater. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Interim Actions: In the fall of 1982, about 240,000 gallons of residue in 20 tanks were disposed of by Koppers in a federally approved facility. Approximately 21,600 cubic yards of contaminated soils were excavated and disposed of. The entire site was covered with clean fill. Soils found in pits too deep to be totally excavated were partially excavated and backfilled with clean soil. They were then covered with clay and additional clean fill, and a second layer of clay was installed. Entire Site: Koppers began an investigation to determine the type and extent of contamination at the site in 1989. Upon completion of the investigation, the State reviewed the recommended cleanup alternatives and issued a proposal plan. The State reached a decision on final cleanup actions in March 1994. The remedy involved in-situ groundwater bioremediation. Site Facts: In 1978, the State and Koppers signed a Stipulation Agreement that required the plant to shut down and required Koppers to conduct an investigation of soil and groundwater contamination. Environmental Progress Most, if not all, of the contaminated residue and soils have been excavated and disposed of at an approved disposal facility. Through these actions and the installation of the cover over the site, the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Koppers Coke facility has been reduced. Further studies are currently underway that will result in the selection of the final cleanup actions for the site. Site Repository Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155 May 1994 KOPPERS COKE ------- KUMMER SA LANDFILL MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND980904049 EPA REGION 5 Beltrami County Northern Township Site Description The Kummer Sanitary Landfill site in Northern Township covers 35 acres on a 40-acre parcel of land, which includes the Kummer residence. The site was a privately owned and operated solid waste landfill from 1971 until 1984, accepting mixed municipal wastes. Landfill operations consisted of excavating trenches, filling them with waste materials, and covering the fill with on-site sand and gravel deposits. The trenches may have been excavated to the water table and the wastes placed in direct contact with the groundwater. Beginning in 1974, demolition debris consisting of fly ash and sawdust was disposed of on site. There is a history of violations such as improper covering of the debris, garbage blowing from the site, and improper grading. In 1982 and 1983, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) sampled groundwater from on-site monitoring wells and found the water to be contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Residential wells downgradient from the site were found to be contaminated the following year, and subsequently, in 1985, the landfill was closed. Northern Township has a population of about 4,100 people. A trailer park is about 1,500 feet away from the landfill, and a residential area is about 1,000 feet away, with both areas housing approximately 1,000 people. An estimated 14,700 people use wells that draw on two aquifers within 3 miles of the site. The City uses groundwater for its municipal water supply, and those wells are within 1/4 mile upgradient of the landfill. There are numerous wetlands and lakes in the area of the site, including Lake Bemidji, which is a mile away. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and State actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/15/84 Final Date: 06/10/86 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater underlying the site contains VOCs including vinyl chloride, xylenes, carbon tetrachloride, and naphthalene from the landfill wastes. People who use or come into contact with contaminated groundwater may be at risk. There is the potential for contaminants from the landfill to leach into Lake Bemidji or the wetlands area. Wildlife in and around the lake and wetlands may be harmed by pollutants. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in three long-term remedial phases directed at supplying an alternate water source, controlling the source of contamination, and cleanup of the groundwater. Response Action Status Alternate Water Supply: In 1985, the EPA selected a remedy to provide alternate water to affected residents by constructing a connecting well tapping into the deep uncontaminated aquifer, connecting into the City of Bemidji's main water line, and installing a water distribution system. The well installation and distribution system was completed in 1991. The State connected the affected residences to the municipal water supply. However, some residents have refused connection. Source Control: In 1988, the EPA selected a remedy to control the source of the contamination by: grading the site and consolidating the soil and other waste material; placing a sloping foundation layer of natural soil fill; covering the landfill with clay or synthetic material and a drainage layer with a soil and vegetative cover; establishing deed restrictions to limit the future use of the site; fencing the site; and monitoring the groundwater and landfill gas to ensure the effectiveness of the cleanup. The State designed the technical specifications for the cleanup actions, and the cleanup activities began in 1990. Cleanup activities are expected to be completed in 1995. Groundwater: EPA will complete its final design of the advanced oxidation process for the cleanup of the contaminated groundwater by July 1994. Site Facts: In 1985, the EPA and the State signed a Cooperative Agreement, whereby the State will investigate and clean up the site. In addition, the agreement provided for the funding of an alternate water supply for residents with contaminated wells. Environmental Progress The PRPs entered into a Consent Decree with EPA on March 1, 1994. The settlement provides for the recovery of past and future costs. Site Repository Northern Township Town Hall, 445 Town Hall Road Northwest, Bemidji, MN 56601 May 1994 KUMMER SANITARY LANDFILL ------- KURT MANUFACTU COMPANY MINNESOTA EPAID# MND059680165 1PA REGION 5 Anoka County Fridley Site Description The Kurt Manufacturing Company site covers 10 acres in Fridley. The company has been operating since 1960, producing precision computer components. Solvent-coated metal shavings from the machining area were placed in a storage bin located near the loading dock. In 1982, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) found two company production wells to be contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs); later that year, monitoring wells were installed at the site. Results of groundwater sampling showed the shallow groundwater near the loading dock was contaminated. The State determined the metal shavings bin sump was the source of the contamination. The site is in an industrial, commercial, and residential area. Over 163,000 people live within 3 miles of the site. The company is located a mile from the Mississippi River. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/15/84 Final Date: 06/10/86 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs including tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethane. Direct contact or accidental ingestion of contaminated groundwater or soil may pose a health risk. Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. May 1994 ------- Response Action Status Interim Actions: In 1984, the shaving bin sump was excavated and capped to prevent further seepage. Entire Site: In 1986, the State approved actions to clean up the site that consisted of: long-term operation and maintenance of a groundwater extraction system to prevent the migration of contaminated groundwater; covering the sump area with clay to prevent rainwater from coming into contact with contaminants; abandoning a shallow production well to minimize migration of contaminated groundwater; and long-term monitoring to ensure the cleanup is effective. In 1986, Kurt Manufacturing started to extract and treat the groundwater, but the pumps were found to be inadequate. In 1987, the sump area was excavated and then covered with the clay. The response action plan has been re- evaluated. The remedial system will be enhanced by Kurt Manufacturing. Site Facts: In 1984, the State issued a Request for Response Action to Kurt Manufacturing. Under this action, the company was required to investigate the site and to develop and perform the above cleanup activities. Environmental Progress By excavating and covering the areas of greatest contamination, the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Kurt Manufacturing site has been reduced while cleanup activities are underway. Site Repository Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155 May 1994 KURT MANUFACTURING COMPANY ------- LAGRAND SA LANDFILL MINNESOTA EPAID# MND981090483 EPA REGION 5 Douglas County LaGrand Township Site Description The LaGrand Sanitary Landfill site covers 80 acres in LaGrand Township, 5 miles west of Alexandria. The landfill, which occupies 51/2 acres, began operations in 1974 and was licensed by the State to accept mixed municipal and non-hazardous industrial refuse. In 1977, the original owner transferred the permit and title to Valley Disposal, Inc. Approximately 140 cubic yards of soil containing 900 gallons of diesel fuel were stored, and consequently disposed of, at the site in 1980. The landfill had been in an almost constant state of non- compliance with solid waste regulations and was closed in 1985, covered, and seeded. There are five abandoned buildings on the site, a pile of several hundred tires, abandoned machinery, and junk. Approximately 1,100 people live within 3 miles of the landfill and depend on public and private wells for drinking water. The nearest private well is 1/3 mile away from the site. A wetland is less than a mile downstream of the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and State actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 06/10/86 Final Date: 07/21/87 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including chloroethane and methylene chloride. People who drink contaminated groundwater may suffer adverse health effects; however, no contamination of private wells near the site has been found. If contaminants leach from the landfill into the nearby wetland, wildlife in or around the wetland may be harmed. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Entire site: In 1987, the State began an investigation to determine the type and extent of contamination at the site. Groundwater, soil, surface water, and sediment sampling have been conducted. A methane migration study and an investigation to determine the effectiveness of the soil cover are planned. Once the investigation is completed in 1992, the final cleanup method will be selected. The Record of Decision (ROD) for the site was signed on September 30, 1992. The remedial action chosen included the following elements: 0 long term monitoring of groundwater and combustible gas; 0 conversion of a combustible gas monitoring well to a gas vent; 0 permanent sealing and abandonment of the on-site Shop Well; 0 Stabilization of the west slope of the landfill and the covering of exposed waste on the northwest corner; 0 sloping and reconstruction of the borrow pit area adjacent to the west slope of the landfill; 0 site access restrictions and possible deed restrictions; ° maintenance of the existing cover system; 0 prohibitions against the disturbance of the landfill cover and monitoring systems; and 0 regulation of the location of future potable wells near the landfill. Environmental Progress The EPA performed preliminary evaluations and determined that the site does not pose an immediate threat to the surrounding communities or the environment while the investigations leading to the selection of a final cleanup remedy are taking place. Remedial Design for the site was completed on June 4, 1993. Remedial Action construction was begun in September 1993, and completed in October 1993. Long term groundwater and landfill gas monitoring will commence in the third quarter of 1994. A Remedial Action Report and a Preliminary Site Closeout Report will be completed by the end of FY 1994. Site Repository Alexandria Public Library, 7th & Fillmore Streets, Alexandria, MN 56308 May 1994 LAGRAND SANITARY LANDFILL ------- LAKE ELMO AIRP^gip^^S?^8 GROUNDWATER ^^^ I >^T°wnship CONTAMINATION MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND982425209 Site Description The Lake Elmo Airport Groundwater Contamination site consists of 34 contaminated wells in Baytown Township. Washington County is one of seven counties surrounding the Twin Cities metropolitan area and is primarily agricultural and rural-residential. Contamination was first detected at the site in mid-1987 by the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), which was sampling the area around the Baytown Dump as part of a State-wide effort to determine water quality around solid waste facilities. After identifying volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the samples, MDH issued a well advisory for the Baytown Township area. Data indicate a plume of contamination extends 3 miles from the main hangar complex at the airport. Most of the plume continues through Baytown Township along a strip less than 2 miles wide to the St. Croix River. The probable sources of groundwater contamination are the airport maintenance facilities in the main hangar complex. The VOC trichloroethane (TCE), used to degrease parts and to strip paint, was routinely used at these facilities from 1951 to the early 1970s. According to tests conducted by State agencies and the Metropolitan Airports Commission (MAC) in 1987 through 1991, the concentration of contamination at the airport is much higher than that of wells 3 miles from the site, suggesting that the airport is the likely source of contamination. Other possible sources of contamination are still being investigated in the area. An estimated 10,450 people live in the area; public and private wells within 4 miles of the site supply drinking water to approximately 26,000 people. Site Responsibility: The site is being addressed through Proposed Date: 10/12/92 Federal and State actions. Threats and Contaminants Private wells are contaminated with VOCs, including TCE and tetrachloroethene (PCE). Wells at the airport have higher contamination concentrations than the majority of wells east of the site. People who touch or ingest contaminated groundwater may be at risk. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach Citizens with contaminated private wells have been given treatment UnitS for their WellS. This site is being addressed in a long term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Entire Site: An investigation into the nature and extent of contamination is currently underway. This investigation will result in the selection of a remedy to clean up site contamination. Environmental Progress Initial assessments of the Lake Elmo Airport Groundwater site indicate the site poses no immediate threats to the health of the nearby population or the integrity of the environment. A limited study of site conditions is expected to be finalized in 1994. Site Repository Not established. May 1994 LAKE ELMO AIRPORT GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION ------- LEHILLIER/ MANKATO SI MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND980792469 Site Description EPA REGION 5 Blue Earth County Mankato Other Names: Mankato Groundwater The LeHillier/Mankato Site, located just west of Mankato, covers 6,400 acres. Between 1925 and 1950, numerous natural and manmade depressions, resulting from changes in the channels of the Minnesota and Blue Earth Rivers and from sand and gravel excavations, were filled with miscellaneous rubbish. In 1981, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency received anonymous information alleging that hazardous wastes had been disposed of in several areas. Studies confirmed contamination of the shallow sand and gravel aquifer, the primary source of drinking water for the LeHillier and Mankato area. Approximately 500 people reside in LeHillier. Mankato's primary water supply well is located approximately 1/4 mile north of the contaminated area. About 29,000 people are served by Mankato's municipal water supply. The Minnesota and the Blue Earth Rivers are used for recreational activities. Site Responsibility: The site is being addressed through Federal and State actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 07/16/82 Final Date: 09/08/83 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater is contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Soil contained petroleum products and VOCs. LeHillier residents have been provided with an alternate water supply; however, individuals may be exposed to contaminants through accidental ingestion or direct contact with contaminated groundwater. Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. May 1994 ------- Response Action Status Immediate Actions: The EPA and the State supplied LeHillier residents with bottled water for drinking and cooking in 1984 and 1985. A new, deeper LeHillier community well and a distribution system were constructed through a Housing and Urban Development (HUD) grant and have been operational since late 1985. Entire Site: Based on the results of an investigation completed in 1985, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the site by extracting the contaminated groundwater and treating it by using an air stripping technique that removes contaminants by exposure to air. The cleanup plan included constructing eight groundwater wells and two new extraction wells; extending the LeHillier community water system to affected residences and businesses not currently serviced; and properly closing individual wells formerly used for drinking water supplies. Sampling has shown that soil contamination has migrated into the groundwater and no longer poses a threat. All cleanup construction actions have been completed and the extraction and treatment will continue until approximately 1999, when established cleanup goals are expected to be met. Environmental Progress Providing LeHillier residents with an alternate water supply and treating groundwater have reduced the threats at LeHillier/Mankato site while treatment continues. Site Repository Minnesota Valley Regional Library, 100 East Main Street, Mankato, MN 56002 May 1994 LEHILLIER/ MANKATO SITE ------- LONG PRAIRI GROUND WA CONTAMINATI MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND980904072 Site Description EPA REGION 5 Todd County Long Prairie The Long Prairie Contamination Site, defined by the extent of the plume of contaminated groundwater, covers an area approximately 2600 by 1000 feet in Long Prairie, Minnesota. The town has a population of 2,900, with about 2,000 on municipal water. A number of municipal and private wells are contaminated with solvents thought to be from a dry cleaning business no longer in operation. Apparently disposal of used solvents, cleaning machine sludge, and/or incinerated sludge ash took place in and near a sunken perforated barrel meant as a makeshift french drain in the parking lot behind the dry cleaner building. The area of highest groundwater contamination is migrating from directly below the parking lot. Businesses surround the parking lot; land use in the surrounding area is primarily residential. In 1983, routine municipal well monitoring by the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) indicated contamination in two of five municipal wells. The MDH ordered the two wells shut down and issued an advisory recommending bottled water for area residents. Groundwater sampling in 1993 identified contamination in additional private wells and a threat to the new sixth municipal well, and the advisory area was extended. About 55 of the area's 300 private wells were affected by the contamination. The few wells in the advisory area which are still in use for drinking water do not contain levels of chemicals about the EPA drinking water health advisories. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and State actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/15/84 Final Date: 06/10/86 Threats and Contaminants The groundwater and soils are contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including vinyl chloride trichloroethylene (TCE), and perchloroethylene (PCE). Persons using the contaminated groundwater have been exposed to chlorinated ethylenes by drinking or inhaling evaporated contaminant particles from the water. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Entire Site: The EPA has selected the following methods for cleanup of the groundwater and soil: installation of groundwater extraction wells in the contamination plume; treatment of contaminated groundwater with granular activated carbon (GAC); discharge of treated groundwater from the GAC unit to the Long Prairie River; and treatment of contaminated soil with an active soil venting system. Performance of these cleanup activities began in 1991, and construction completion is scheduled for 1996, and long term cleanup is expected to be completed in 2006. Environmental Progress Periodic evaluation of the site while final cleanup actions are ongoing has determined that threatened homes in the extended advisory area should be connected to municipal water and private wells should be abandoned to protect human health and the municipal water supply. Site Repository City Hall, City of Long Prairie, 42 Third Street, North, Long Prairie, MN 56347 May 1994 LONG PRAIRIE GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION ------- MACGILLIS & CO./BELL LU POLE CO. MINNESOTA EPA ID#MND006192694 Site Description EPA REGION 5 Ramsey County New Brighton The MacGillis & Gibbs Company and the Bell Lumber & Pole Company are adjoining properties listed as one site on the NPL, The site covers 44 acres in New Brighton. Both companies are wood treatment plants and have been in operation since the early 1920s. Both plants used creosote as a preservative until the mid-1950s. At that time, the companies began using light and heavy oils containing pentachlorophenol (PCP). MacGillis & Gibbs has been using chromated copper arsenate since 1970, some of which has been spilled in the process areas of the plants. Both companies used PCP sludge for weed control in the 1960s. A pond in a low-lying area between the properties was used for the disposal of PCP-contaminated sludge, treated and untreated wood scrap, and steel drums. Studies conducted by the companies indicate the groundwater and soil is contaminated with wood preserving chemicals. There are more than 10,000 people living within a mile of the site. The closest residence is within several hundred feet. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/08/83 Final Date: 09/21/84 Threats and Contaminants m Groundwater, sediments, and soils are contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); PCP; and heavy metals such as copper, chromium, and arsenic. Barrels on the site contain PAHs, PCP, dioxins, and furans. These barrels have been moved to a secure storage area on site. Although no private or municipal wells are contaminated, there is a potential for future contaminant plume migration, which may reach the private drinking water wells. Individuals having direct contact with soil or water may be exposed to chemicals. Wetland areas surrounding the site within a 2,000-foot radius may be subject to contamination from site runoff. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial phases directed at cleanup of disposal area soils, the process and lumber yard storage areas, and the remaining areas. Response Action Status Immediate Actions: Open and leaking barrels containing PAHs, PCP, dioxins, and furans were overpacked and removed to a secure storage area on the MacGillis & Gibbs property. These barrels were removed from the site in October 1993. The part of the disposal area owned by Bell Lumber & Pole has been excavated, treated and filled with sand and gravel and covered with a clay cap. Disposal Area Soils: In 1987, the State began an investigation to determine the type and extent of soil contamination. This investigation was completed in 1992, and a final cleanup remedy was selected. Design of the cleanup remedy is currently underway. Process and Lumber Yard Storage Areas: In 1990, the EPA began an investigation to determine the extent of the contamination in the process and the lumber yard storage areas. The investigation was completed and a remedy selected in 1991 which calls for the removal of abandoned process storage tanks on the site and the treatment of a light non-aqueous phase liquid plume. Design of this remedy is currently underway. The final cleanup remedy will be addressed with the remaining areas. Remaining Areas: An investigation to determine the extent of remaining soil and groundwater contamination in the site area and potential contamination of off-site wetlands, streams, and lakes began in 1992 and will be completed in the summer of 1994. Site Facts: In 1985, Bell Lumber & Pole signed a Consent Order with the State to begin planning for the site cleanup on its portion of the site. Environmental Progress By removing the drums of contaminated materials and storing them in a safe location and excavating contaminated soil from part of the site, the potential for exposure to hazardous materials on the site has been significantly reduced. Additional investigations at both locations currently are underway and will lead to the final selection of remedies for the MacGillis & Gibbs Co. /Bell Lumber & Pole Co. areas of the site. Cleanup remedies have been selected for the process and lumber yard storage areas and the disposal area upon completion of design work. The investigation and selection of a remedy for the remaining soil, groundwater and off-site ecosystem contamination is to be completed. May 1994 > MACGILLIS & GIBBS CO./ BELL LUMBER & POLE CO. ------- Site Repository Ramsey County Library, Arden Hills Branch, 1941 West County Road, Arden Hills, MN 55112 MACGILLJS & GIBBS CO./ BELL LUMBER & POLE CO. May 1994 ------- NAVAL INDU RESERVE OR PLANT MINNESOTA EPAID# MN3170022914 Site Description EPA REGION 5 Anoka County Fridley Other Names: Naval Sea Systems Command The Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant (NIROP) occupies 83 acres in an industrial, commercial, and residential area of Fridley. NIROP has produced advanced weapons systems since it was constructed in 1940. Paints, solvents, lubricants, oil, and plating wastes were, and still are, generated at the site. Analyses conducted by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) found soil and groundwater on the site to be contaminated with solvents. In 1981, three bedrock wells supplying drinking water to NIROP were taken out of service because of trichloroethylene (TCE) contamination. The plant discontinued the use of TCE in 1987. FMC Corporation, NIROP's operating contractor, owns a 18-acre site bordering on the south of the site that was placed on the NPL in 1983. Over 200,000 people live within 3 miles of the site. The Mississippi River is about 700 feet to the west. The water supply intake for Minneapolis is located approximately 1,500 feet downstream of the site. An estimated 29,000 people obtain drinking water from public wells within 3 miles of the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and State actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 07/14/89 Final Date: 11/24/89 Threats and Contaminants On-site groundwater and soils are contaminated with solvents, including TCE and methylene chloride. Highly permeable sands, conducive to the downward migration of contaminants, lie below the facility. Potential health risks exist for individuals who ingest or come into direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soil. Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases directed at cleanup of the entire site and cleanup of the contaminated soils on site. May 1994 ------- Response Action Status Initial Actions: From 1983 to 1984, the Army Corps of Engineers excavated a trench and borrow pit consisting of 1,200 cubic yards of soil and approximately 43 barrels containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) wastes, flammable solids, and base solids. The excavated materials were removed to an EPA-regulated hazardous waste landfill. Entire Site: In 1984, the MPCA requested that the Navy and FMC Corporation determine the extent of surface water and groundwater contamination, locate any additional disposal areas, and take cleanup action. In response, a network of monitoring wells was installed to gather information on patterns of groundwater flow and contaminant concentrations. The study was completed in 1988. The EPA decided to place hydraulic barriers to contain and treat groundwater for the cleanup. Cleanup began in 1991 and is expected to be completed in 1999. Soil: An investigation of contaminated soils on site is scheduled to begin in 1992. Recommendations for cleanup are scheduled to be submitted in 1994. Site Facts: The site is being cleaned up as part of the Installation Restoration Program, a program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DOD facilities. Environmental Progress Initial actions to remove contaminated soil and other materials reduced the threat of exposure to pollutants at the Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant while studies and cleanup remedies are underway. Site Repository Anoka County Public Library, Fridley Branch, 410 N.E. Mississippi Street, Fridley, MN 55432 May 1994 NAVAL INDUSTRIAL RESERVE ORDNANCE PLANT ------- NEW BRIGHT® ARDEN HILLS MINNESOTA EPAID# MN7213820908 EPA REGION 5 Ramsey County Arden Hills Other Names: Twin Cities Ammo. Plant {t. Anthony Site Site Description The New Brighton/Arden Hills site is located in Arden Hills, approximately 2 miles north of the twin cities of Minneapolis/St. Paul. The site consists of over 18 square miles of groundwater contaminated with volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). The Twin Cities Army Ammunition Plant (TCAAP), located to the north of St. Paul and Minneapolis, comprises the northeastern corner of the New Brighton/Arden Hills site. According to the U.S. Army, VOC contaminants are migrating off TCAAP into the groundwater and the Prairie Du Chien/Jordan Aquifer. In 1981, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) and the Minnesota Department of Health detected VOC contamination in the system used for municipal drinking water in New Brighton. Prior to these findings, the City of New Brighton had constructed and operated a total of nine municipal wells. From 1982 to 1984, the City shut down six wells, deepened two municipal wells to the Mt. Simon/Hinckley Aquifer, and constructed three new wells. The City of St. Anthony, located directly north of Minneapolis, is one of several communities that obtain their municipal water supply from the Prairie Du Chien/Jordan Aquifer system. Following the detection of contaminants in the New Brighton wells, the City of St. Anthony also detected contamination in its three Prairie Du Chien/Jordan Aquifer wells, one of which was shut down early in 1984. Since contaminants first were discovered, the levels have increased in the remaining undeepened municipal wells. The site includes parts of the municipalities of Shoreview, Arden Hills, Moundsview, New Brighton, and St. Anthony. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and State actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 07/16/82 Final Date: 09/08/83 Threats and Contaminants Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chromium, arsenic, and VOC contaminants, including trichloroethylene (TCE), benzene, toluene, and xylene have been detected in the groundwater. Potential health risks exist for individuals drinking or coming into direct contact with contaminated groundwater. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in nine stages: immediate actions and eight long-term remedial phases focusing on: the sewer line, groundwater, off-base contamination, groundwater plume, New Brighton well #1, the PCB burn pit, contamination source control, and cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Immediate Actions: Between 1983 and 1984, the EPA supplied bottled water to many residences and businesses, extended the existing water supply system to the New Brighton and Arden Hills private well users whose wells were found to be contaminated, installed granular activated carbon filters on two wells to meet the peak summertime demand, and treated the New Brighton/Arden Hills wells #5 and #6 with activated carbon. All the nearby affected residents now are using either uncontaminated or treated water. Sewer Line: The State conducted an investigation in 1987 to determine the type and extent of contamination around a sewer line/force main that was used for TCAAP waste transportation to the metropolitan waste district. The study shows no threat to public health. The Army cleaned the sewer line and is storing the removed wastes on site until further disposal is required. Groundwater: In 1990, the EPA selected the remedy to address St. Anthony wells #3, #4, and #5, which consisted of the construction of granular activated carbon (GAC) water treatment facilities to remove VOCs from the wells. The treated water will be discharged into the municipal water treatment plant and distribution system. A pipeline was constructed to connect St. Anthony wells #3, #4, and #5 to the GAC treatment facility. Long-term operation and maintenance of the water treatment system began in 1991 and will continue until 1999. Off-Base Contamination: In 1983, the State began an investigation to determine the type and extent of contamination off the Army base. The first study was completed in 1987. The second study was completed in 1991. The U.S. Army identified the alternative technologies for the cleanup in focused feasibility studies for the North and South Plumes of off-base groundwater contamination. Groundwater Plume: In 1989, the U.S. Army initiated an investigation of the nature and extent of the contaminated groundwater plume and recommended a recovery system. The State and the EPA have not accepted this option because there is no useful way to dispose of the water. The EPA is investigating a program for groundwater plume extraction and injection of the water into the Mississippi River or treatment of the water for use as potable water. The off-base plume of contaminated groundwater, which occurs as a large North Plume and a smaller South Plume, is being addressed as two operable units. In September 1991, a ROD was signed for the South Plume May 1994 NEW BRIGHTON/ARDEN HILLS ------- incorporating the following elements: 0 extraction of groundwater at the leading edge of the South Plume; ° treatment of extracted groundwater from the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by a pressurized granular activated carbon (GAC) system; 0 discharge of treated groundwater to the potable water supply of the City of New Brighton; 0 monitoring of the groundwater to verify the effectiveness of the remedy. Remedial Design of the South Plume remedy was completed in March 1993. Construction of the Remedial Action was completed in April 1994. In September 1993, a ROD was signed for the North Plume incorporating the following elements: ° providing an alternative water supply to residents with private wells with the North Plume; ° implementing drilling advisories that would regulate the installation of new private wells within the North Plume as a Special Well Construction Area; 0 extracting groundwater at the containment boundary the North Plume near County Road E; 0 pumping the extracted groundwater to the Permanent Granular Activated Carbon Water Treatment Facility (PGAC) in New Brighton for removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by a pressurized GAC system; 0 discharging all of the treated water to the New Brighton municipal distribution system; 0 monitoring the groundwater to verify the effectiveness of the remedy. Remedial Design of the North Plume remedy is expected to be completed by the end of 1994 with Remedial Action construction completion scheduled for earl 1995. New Brighton Well #7: In 1986, the EPA selected a remedy to address potential future contamination of New Brighton well #7, which involves the construction of a new well into the Mt. Simon-Hinckley Aquifer system. However, in 1989, the EPA signed an amendment to this remedy, because the Army agreed to provide the City with over 4 million gallons per day of drinking water. In 1987, the Army also agreed to provide the results of water quality monitoring for Well #7 and to construct a barrier system to prevent future contamination. These cleanup activities were completed in 1989. PCB Burn Pit: In 1989, following the investigation of on-site soil contamination, the Army and the EPA selected incineration of the PCB-contaminated dirt in a mobile incinerator as the soil cleanup remedy. The incineration was completed within a month. Certificates of destruction of the ash waste were submitted in 1990, completing this action. Source Control: In 1987, to address the source of the groundwater contamination, the EPA, the MPCA, and the Army initiated the operation of a 6-well system to extract groundwater migrating from the southwestern corner of TCAAP and treated it with air stripping. Approximately 300,000 gallons per day are utilized in the plant, with the remainder being disposed of by reinjection/infiltration through the NEW BRIGHTON/ARDEN HILLS May 1994 ------- arsenal sand and gravel pit. Operating data and monitoring results are evaluated and additional measures will be taken, if necessary, to ensure that any contaminated groundwater migrating from the site is captured. Currently, there is a 17-well extraction system in operation; all water is air-stripped, and some is carbon-filtered for the military base's drinking water supply. Operation of this system is expected to continue until the entire site cleanup is complete. Entire Site: The U.S. Army initiated an investigation in 1988 to study technologies to be used in cleaning up the entire site. All contamination source areas found on the base during the investigation will be evaluated for the need and type of cleanup. The study is expected to be completed in late 1994. Initial results have identified three areas as the major sources of organic solvents contaminating local groundwater. The Feasibility Study designed to address contamination in all media on- TCAAP will be completed in 1994. A ROD specifying on-TCAAP remedial action is expected to be signed in 1995, with the implementation of final remedies for on-TCAAP contaminated groundwater, surface water, soils and sediments expected to begin in 1996 and be completed by 1998. Site Facts: The U.S. Army Twin Cities Ammunition Plant is participating in the Installation Restoration Program (IRP), a specially funded program developed by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants on military and other DOD installations. Environmental Progress By supplying the affected residents with a safe drinking water supply, incinerating the PCB-contaminated soils, and constructing the water treatment system, the potential for contact with hazardous materials from the New Brighton/Arden Hills site has been reduced while further investigations and ongoing and completed cleanup activities of the other areas of the site are taking place. Site Repository New Brighton City Hall, Vault Area, 803 Fifth Avenue, N.W., New Brighton, MN 55112 May 1994 NEW BRIGHTON/ARDEN HILLS ------- NL INDUST TARACORP GOLDEN AU1 MINNESOTA EPAID#MND097891634 EPA REGION 5 Hennepin County St. Louis Park Other Names: Northwestern Metal Works Taracorp Ind. National Lead Taracorp Site Description The NL Industries/Taracorp/Golden Auto site is located in St. Louis Park, just west of Minneapolis. The site consists of two neighboring properties, one formerly owned by Taracorp, Inc., and the other currently owned by Morris and Harry Golden. Metal refining, fabricating, and associated activities were conducted at the site prior to its conversion to a secondary lead smelting operation. The secondary smelting operations produced a number of products, including sheet lead solder, shotgun lead pellets, lead wool, lead pipe, powdered lead, and secondary lead ingots. Historically, solid waste generated by the manufacturing facilities was stored on site in a slag storage area. Liquid wastes were discharged through process sewers, which ran under the site, to the municipal sewer system. NL Industries, Inc., formerly the National Lead Company, bought the site in 1928. NL Industries operated a lead smelting plant on the site from 1940 until 1979. Plant operations included recovering lead from lead plates, battery fragments, and lead containers. Lead smelting operations and disposal practices resulted in elevated levels of lead in the air and in on-site soils. In 1962, NL Industries, Inc. sold a 4 1/2-acre portion of the property to Republic Enterprises, which, in turn, sold the property to Morris and Harry Golden, who used the land for an auto wrecking and used auto parts business from 1964 until 1983. Currently, that land is leased by Quality Auto Body, also a used auto parts and wrecking company. NL sold the lead smelting operation and the remaining property to Taracorp, Inc. in 1979. The smelter remained in operation until its closure in 1981. There are residential areas within 1/4 mile of the site. Aquifers beneath the site serve as a primary source of drinking water in the area, supplying 90 percent of all groundwater used in the region. Marshy areas exist approximately 1,000 feet from the site, and there is a pond about 500 feet to the northwest. Minnehaha Creek is about a mile away, and the Mississippi River is approximately 3 miles northwest of the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a combination of Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/22/81 Final Date: 09/08/83 May 1994 ------- Threats and Contaminants Groundwater in the vicinity of the site was found to be contaminated with elevated levels of sulfates, dissolved solids, and lead. The pH level in the groundwater also was low. Off-site soils have shown elevated levels of lead, although levels are generally well below the health-based standard levels for lead in soil established by the State. On-site soils were found to contain highly elevated levels of lead. Also present on the site were battery fragments, lead-bearing debris, and slag. Health risks may have existed for individuals who ingested or came into direct contact with the contaminated soils or groundwater. Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the groundwater and on-site soils and cleanup of the off-site soils. Response Action Status Groundwater and On-Site Soils: Under a Consent Order, NL Industries, Inc. conducted on-site investigations and cleanup activities between 1985 and 1988. These activities included: restricting access to the site; removing contaminated on-site soils to a federally approved facility and replacing the excavated area with clean soils; revegetating the excavated area; paving areas with asphalt to minimize exposure to contaminated soil; cleaning and demolishing several on-site buildings; and long-term monitoring of groundwater. The groundwater will continue to be monitored for 30 years. Results to date indicate no measurable movement of contaminants from the soils into the groundwater. If contaminant levels exceed standards, further cleanup actions will be taken. Off-Site Soils: A risk assessment conducted by NL Industries in 1987 and a similar study conducted by the EPA both concluded that the lead in soils near the site does not presently pose a risk to public health and the environment. Based on these results and the recommendations of the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA), the Minnesota Department of Health, and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the EPA recommended that no further action was necessary with regard to off-site soils near the site. Environmental Progress Cleanup goals for the site have been fully achieved. Based on a consensus of recommendations from the various agencies involved in the investigations of the site conditions, it was agreed that the site requires no further cleanup actions at this time. The EPA will continue to monitor the groundwater to ensure that the contaminant levels do not exceed State standards. The NL Industries site will not be deleted from the NPL until the EPA is absolutely certain the site poses no threats to the public. A Five-Year Review of the remedy will be conducted in 1994. MaV 1994 NL INDUSTRIES/ TARACORP/ GOLDEN AUTO ------- Site Repository St. Louis Park City Hall, 5005 Minnetonka Boulevard, St. Louis Park, MN 55416 NL INDUSTRIES/ TARACORP/ GOLDEN AUTO May 1994 ------- NUTTING TRUsGK CASTER COM MINNESOTA EPAID# MND006154017 EPA REGION 5 Rice County Fairbault Site Description The 11-acre Nutting Truck & Caster Company site was used for the production of various manufacturing tools, beginning in 1891. Sludge from manufacturing wastes was disposed of in an unlined pit from 1959 to 1979. In 1979, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) issued a notice of non-compliance to the company. In response to this notice, Nutting excavated the pit, backfilled it with clean fill, and paved over the area. The MPCA required the company to investigate the soil and groundwater in the area. Monitoring wells were installed and trichloroethylene (TCE) contamination was discovered in on-site monitoring wells in the upper aquifer. In 1984, the manufacturing operations were moved to another location. The property presently is unused. The population of the City of Fairbault is approximately 16,500. The city is served by a municipal water system. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/08/83 Final Date: 09/21/84 Threats and Contaminants The groundwater was contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Cadmium also was detected in the groundwater directly under the disposal pit. Potential health threats included drinking or coming in direct contact with contaminated groundwater. Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. May 1994 ------- Response Action Status interim Actions: The potentially responsible parties placed two extraction wells in the aquifer. The contaminated water is being treated by a passive aeration system before being discharged to a nearby creek. Entire Site: The company completed an investigation of groundwater contamination in 1986. As part of site investigations, a groundwater monitoring system was put in place. Based on the findings of the investigation, the EPA decided to clean up the groundwater by extracting and discharging the treated groundwater into a storm sewer. This cleanup activity was completed in mid-1992. The site is currently undergoing a 5-year review to ensure the effectiveness of the cleanup remedy. Site Facts: A Consent Order was signed in 1984 by the MFC A and Nutting, requiring Nutting to conduct an investigation of the extent of groundwater contamination originating from its property. Environmental Progress -f: The monitoring and extraction systems installed at the Nutting Truck & Caster Company site have eliminated the potential for exposure to contaminated groundwater. A five-year review of the remedial action was completed on March 29, 1994. The report concluded that the remedial action continues to be protective of human health and the environment. Site Repository Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155 May 1994 NUTTING TRUCK & CASTER COMPANY ------- OAKDALE MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND9806095 EPA REGION 5 Washington County Oakdale Other Names: Abresch Barrel & Drum Company Site Description The 40-acre Oakdale Dump site consists of three disposal areas. Two of the areas were burial areas, and one was a burning area. The burial areas were owned and operated by the Abresch Drum and Barrel Company from the mid-1940s to 1961. Aerial photos reveal that the greatest activity at the burial operations occurred in the late 1950s, when large trenches were dug with heavy equipment, and drums containing chemical wastes were disposed of in the trenches. In 1961, the disposal of wastes at the site ceased and the property later was sold to several parties. The site was left vacant, covered with rusted drums, pails, and a variety of industrial wastes. Groundwater pollution was detected, forcing the closing of two community wells and a number of private wells within the City of Oakdale. Approximately 600 private wells are within a mile of the site, and approximately 540 people live within a mile. More than 44,000 people live within 3 miles of the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/22/81 Final Date: 09/08/83 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater is contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Since the cleanup activities were conducted by the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Corporation (3M), one of the potentially responsible parties, the potential health risks have been eliminated. Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. May 1994 ------- Response Action Status Entire Site: Under an agreement reached in 1983 between 3M, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, and the EPA, 3M handled the necessary arrangements and payments for the reconstruction of multi-aquifer wells and removal of concentrated waste deposits, the installation of a shallow groundwater pump-out system, and the establishment of a monitoring well network. The majority of this work was performed in 1984 and 1985. The groundwater extraction and treatment system will continue to operate until established cleanup goals for the site are met. Environmental Progress Continued operation of the groundwater pump and treatment system will serve to protect nearby residents and the environment. A five-year review of the remedial action was completed on March 31, 1993. The report concluded that the remedial action continues to be protective of human health and the environment. Site Repository ~\ Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 551552 May 1994 OAKDALE DUMP ------- OAK GROV SANITARY L MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND980904056 EPA REGION 5 Anoka County Oak Grove Township Site Description The 104-acre Oak Grove Sanitary Landfill site was operated as an open dump until 1971, when the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) issued a permit to the owner for a sanitary landfill. In 1976, operations were taken over by Northwest Disposal Inc., until closure in 1984. Approximately 2 1/2 million cubic yards of wastes including garbage, various sludges and acids, pesticide manufacturing waste, paint, cutting oils, cleaning solvents, and inks were disposed of at the landfill. The Minnesota Department of Health sampled nine nearby residential wells in 1984. The wells are screened in a sand aquifer, which is the primary water supply source in the area. Samples from three wells indicated the presence of several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and metals. Subsequent resampling did not detect these compounds. In 1985, lime sludge was used as a cover for part of the landfill. Approximately 330 people live within a mile of the site, and 9,800 live within 4 miles. The majority of these residents depend on water from wells. A creek flows through the site and is adjacent to a wetland, discharging to the Rum River 2 miles from the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and potentially responsible parties. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/15/84 Final Date: 06/10/86 Threats and Contaminants Methane and VOCs were detected beneath the lime sludge cover material. VOCs, phenols, phthalates, and heavy metals were detected in the upper aquifer. Leachate samples indicated the presence of VOCs, phenols, and heavy metals. Several VOCs, phenols, and heavy metals were found in sediment samples and surface water at the site. Leachate discharges to a nearby wetland, thereby potentially threatening the wetland and the connected Cedar Creek. Potential human health risks exist from ingestion or direct contact of the contaminated soil, sediments, or leachate. Drinking contaminated groundwater from the upper aquifer also may pose health risks. However, the lower aquifer, which is used for residential drinking water, does not pose a risk to human health. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on source control and cleanup of the groundwater. Response Action Status Source Control: In 1988, the MPCA and the EPA selected the following cleanup actions for the site: installation of a security fence; capping with a multi-layer cover system; installation of a topsoil cover and vegetation; enforcement of deed restrictions; consideration of treatment options for air emissions from gas vents after construction of the final cover; and air and groundwater monitoring. EPA issued a UAO in February 1992 to have the PRPs design and implement the cleanup technologies. Cleanup activities began in the spring of 1992 and were completed in September 1993 when EPA approved a Remedial Action Report. Groundwater: In late 1990, the EPA selected a remedy, which includes long-term monitoring of the shallow and deep aquifers, surface waters, and sediments. In addition, institutional controls on the installation of drinking water wells around the landfill will be implemented and non-essential water wells will be properly plugged and abandoned. EPA issued a UAO in February 1992 to have the PRPs install a long-term monitoring system. The system was completed in September 1993. Site Facts: The EPA sent Special Notice letters to the potentially responsible parties in March 1991 to conduct cleanup activities. The design and implementation of the remedy was accomplished under a federally issued UAO. Environmental Progress After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that no immediate actions were required at the Oak Grove Sanitary Landfill site while cleanup activities are underway. Construction of the remedy has been completed using EPA enforcement. The Five Year Review is to be completed by September 1997. Site Repository Oak Grove Township Board, 1990 Northwest Nightingale Street, Cedar, MN 55011 May 1994 OAK GROVE SANITARY LANDFILL ------- OLMSTED CO SANITARY LA MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND000874354 EPA REGION 5 Olmsted County Oronoco Other Names: Rochester Landfill Oronoco Sanitary Landfill Site Description The 50-acre Olmsted County Sanitary Landfill was owned and operated by the City of Rochester and was licensed by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA). The first cell of the landfill was constructed without a liner or a system for collecting leachate. The liner for the second cell was poorly constructed, but the third and fourth cells were properly built. The landfill has operated since 1972 and has accepted various industrial wastes including electroplating sludge, asbestos, transformers, paint, and solvents. A large amount of flood-soaked material was put into the landfill in 1977. By 1984, groundwater under the landfill was heavily contaminated with leachate from the waste pile. There were extensive leachate seeps at the site. Also, an intermittent stream, which runs through the site to the Zumbro River, could carry contaminants during heavy rains. In 1984, the County of Olmsted assumed ownership and operation of the landfill. Approximately 200 people live within 1 mile of the site. It is estimated that 1,200 private wells are located near the landfill. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/15/84 Final Date: 06/10/86 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater is contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals including chromium, cadmium, and lead. People who use contaminated groundwater supplies or inhale vapors from them may be exposed to hazardous chemicals from the site. Groundwater under the landfill is likely to discharge into the nearby Zumbro River, potentially contaminating area surface waters and sediments. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Entire Site: The County of Olmsted started a study of contamination at the site in early 1991, which includes an analysis of the groundwater, surface water, and sediments to define the problem and assess possible cleanup alternatives. The County is conducting a dye tracing study to identify the flow pattern of groundwater in and around the site. The study was completed in 1993. Site Facts: In 1989, the MPCA signed a Consent Order with Olmsted County to carry out a study of the nature and extent of contamination at the site and to conduct final cleanup activities. Environmental Progress After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that no immediate actions were required at the Olmsted County Sanitary Landfill site while further studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned. Site Repository Rochester Public Library, 11 First Street, Southeast, Rochester, MN 56573 May 1994 OLMSTED COUNTY SANITARY LANDFILL ------- PERHAM AR SITE MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND980609572 EPA REGION 5 Otter Tail County Perham Other Names: 'erham Fairgrounds Site Description The State of Minnesota set up the 1/4-acre Perham Arsenic Site to mix pesticides in the 1930s and 1940s. This was part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) program to control an outbreak of grasshoppers that threatened crops throughout the Midwest. At that time, the USDA provided all midwestern states with pesticides to control the infestation and helped them set up numerous stations to mix the chemicals used in the program. Approximately 200 to 2,500 pounds of pesticides were buried between what is now the cattle shed of the county fairgrounds and a building of the Hammers Construction Company. The EPA believes the pesticides were buried around 1947, after the USDA ended its program against the infestation. In 1971, the Hammers Construction Company purchased property from the City of Perham to build offices and a warehouse. In 1972, the company installed a shallow well to provide water to the facility. Eleven employees were poisoned with arsenic when they drank water from the well. The well was capped, and the City of Perham extended its municipal water supply to the facility. Approximately 2,000 people live in the City of Perham. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and State actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/08/83 Final Date: 09/21/84 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater and soil on the site are contaminated with arsenic. Potential health threats include ingesting or coming in direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soil. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in two phases: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Initial Actions: In 1982, the City of Perham capped the site with a plastic film and clay soil to reduce the amount of arsenic that could leach through the soil as a result of rain and snow. In 1985, the State excavated approximately 200 cubic yards of arsenic wastes in the burial pit and disposed of the wastes in a hazardous waste landfill. The State filled the pit with clean soil, placed an impermeable membrane and clay cap over the pit, and set up a program to monitor the groundwater. The city extended its municipal water supply to the affected workers at the Hammers Construction Company. Entire Site: Initial studies at the site in 1984 recommended additional monitoring to assess movement of contaminated groundwater, removal of contaminated soils, and capping of the site. These cleanup actions were undertaken. In 1991, the EPA began a study into the nature and extent of groundwater and soil contamination and alternatives for cleaning up contamination at the site. The investigation was completed in 1994. Environmental Progress Excavation of contaminated soil, capping, and groundwater monitoring at the Perham Arsenic Site have significantly reduced exposure to contaminated soil and groundwater while further investigations are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned. Site Repository Perham Public Library, 100 Third Street, Northeast, Perham, MN 56573 May 1994 PERHAM ARSENIC SITE ------- PINE BEND S LANDFILL MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND000245795 EPA REGION 5 Dakota County Inver Grove Heights Other Names: erican Demolition Landfill Site Description The 252-acre Pine Bend Sanitary Landfill site is an active facility that accepts various wastes into two adjacent landfills. Browning Ferris Industries owns the landfill and allowed Phoenix, Inc., a subsidiary, to operate it since 1972. Through the intervening years, the landfill produced leachate containing arsenic, halogenated and non-halogenated organic compounds, and various chlorides. The EPA and the State analyzed the groundwater and soils on site and discovered contamination from leachate. The EPA found volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wells that monitor groundwater in the shallow aquifer and in residential and commercial wells that draw water from that same source. Approximately 50 people live within a 1-mile radius of the site. Approximately 16,000 people live in the town of Inver Grove Heights, 3 miles north of the landfill. Several wells of private residences are contaminated with heavy metals, VOCs, and PAHs. Eight private residences now use bottled water that is provided by the site owners. The site is approximately 3/4 of a mile west of the Mississippi River and is bordered by farms, food processing plants, chemical manufacturers, an oil refinery, a pumping station for natural gas, an asphalt plant, an installation for electrical utilities, and residences. The site is fenced, and there are check-in stations at the gates of the landfills to enforce security restrictions. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/15/84 Final Date: 06/10/86 Threats and Contaminants Leachate from the landfills and surface water contain arsenic, halogenated and non-halogenated organic compounds, and various chlorides. Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs and PAHs. People could be exposed to contaminants from the site through drinking or coming in direct contact with contaminated groundwater, or by eating crops grown in private gardens irrigated with contaminated well water. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases focusing on providing an alternate water supply, controlling the source of contamination, and cleaning up groundwater. Response Action Status Initial Actions: The site owner is providing bottled water to eight residences until an alternate water supply can be provided. Alternate Water Supply: The State of Minnesota completed a study in preparation for providing an alternate water supply to area residents and homes. The EPA made a final selection of the water supply plan in 1991. Affected residents will continue to receive bottled water until the alternate water supply system is completed. Source Control and Groundwater: The State of Minnesota began an extended study to determine the extent and nature of site contamination and to identify cleanup alternatives for the landfill areas and other sources of site contamination. It is expected to be completed in late 1992. Site Facts: In 1985, the State entered into an agreement with Pine Bend Sanitary Landfill and the adjacent Crosby American Demolition Landfill to conduct investigations. Environmental Progress The provision of bottled water has reduced the threat of exposure to contaminants at the Pine Bend Sanitary Landfill site while further investigations are taking place leading to the selection of final cleanup remedies. Site Repository Dakota County Library System, Wescott Branch 1340 Wescott Road, Eagan, MN 55123 May 1994 PINE BEND SANITARY LANDFILL ------- REILLY TAR S5 CHEMICAL ^ CORP. (ST. L PARK PLANT) MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND980609804 Site Description EPA REGION 5 Hennepin County St. Louis Park Plant Other Names: illy Tar & Chemical Republic Creosoting Company The 80-acre Reilly Tar & Chemical Corp. (St. Louis Park Plant) site is an inactive facility that was used for coal tar distillation and wood preserving from 1917 to 1972. The site was sold and converted into recreational and residential areas in 1972. Highway and storm sewer improvements also were constructed on the site in 1972. Wastes from site operations were disposed of on the site and in a network of ditches that discharged to an adjacent wetland. The wastes contained many compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Soil and groundwater below the wetland and the southern portion of the site are heavily contaminated. The site is located in St. Louis Park, a western suburb of Minneapolis, with a population of approximately 43,000 people. Portions of the northern end of the site have been developed as a residential complex. Seven municipal wells have been closed due to PAH contamination. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, Municipal, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/22/81 Final Date: 09/08/83 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater is contaminated with petrochemicals and various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Sludges and soils are contaminated with petrochemicals and creosotes from wood preserving activities. The wetland adjacent to the site is threatened by the contaminants that have been discharged from the site. The potential health risks to people include drinking or coming in direct contact with contaminated groundwater, inhaling contaminated vapors, or coming into direct contact with or ingesting contaminated soils and sludge. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in five stages: immediate actions and four long-term remedial phases focusing on water treatment and contamination source control, groundwater aquifer control, cleanup of the St. Peter Aquifer, and cleanup of the Drift Platteville Aquifer. Response Action Status Immediate Actions: In 1982 and 1983, the State cleaned out two deep wells on the site and conducted a complete off-site well survey. The State also performed a water treatability study on the closed municipal wells. Water Treatment and Contamination Source Control: The cleanup option selected to address water treatment and contamination source control includes the construction and operation of a granular activated carbon water treatment system at two existing contaminated municipal wells. The parties potentially responsible for site contamination constructed this water treatment system, which has been fully operational since 1985. Groundwater Aquifer Control: The cleanup methods selected to address groundwater and aquifer contamination include: monitoring, extracting, and treating the groundwater from various aquifers to maintain drinking water quality and to prevent down gradient contamination of the aquifers; capping and filling exposed hazardous wastes in the vicinity of the peat bog; implementing deed restrictions for current and future land use; and completing further investigations into the nature and extent of contamination in the northern area of the Drift Platteville and St. Peter Aquifers. In 1986, the City of St. Louis Park proceeded with the filling of exposed hazardous wastes in the vicinity of the peat bog. Five areas of the wetland were filled to prevent further spread of contamination into the food chain. The filling activity was completed in 1986. The potentially responsible parties, under EPA guidance, began monitoring and extracting water from contaminated plumes to prevent the further migration of contaminants. Deed restrictions of future commercial and residential construction on the site were put in place in 1989. An existing municipal well in the Prairie du Chien Aquifer will be used as a gradient control well to prevent the spread of contamination. This well became operational in 1992. Drift Platteville Aquifer: The potentially responsible parties, under EPA monitoring, are conducting an investigation into the nature and extent of aquifer contamination and will determine whether a higher capacity well pump should be installed in an existing well or a new gradient-control well should be constructed. These investigations were completed for the Pritt Aquifer and a remedy was selected in 1992. The investigation for the Platteville Aquifer is ongoing. St. Peter Aquifer: The potentially responsible parties, under EPA supervision, conducted an investigation of the St. Peter Aquifer to determine whether a higher capacity well pump should be installed in an existing well or a new gradient control May 1994 REILLY TAR & CHEMICAL CORP (ST. LOUIS PARK PLANT) ------- well should be constructed. The investigation was completed in 1990 and a remedy was implemented, which involves extracting and treating groundwater from the aquifer. Initially, the water will discharge to a local treatment plant. This situation will be evaluated at a later date, and treated water may be discharged to a surface water body after being treated with a carbon adsorption process on site. The remedy was implemented in 1991. Site Facts: In 1984, the EPA issued an order to Reilly Tar & Chemical Corp., a potentially responsible party, requiring the company to construct and install a granulated activated carbon drinking water system. In 1986, Reilly Tar & Chemical Corp. signed a Consent Decree, requiring them to finance cleanup activities at the site. The Decree also required the company to conduct investigations into the nature and extent of contamination in the Drift Platteville and St. Peter Aquifers. Environmental Progress The immediate actions described above began treating the contaminated groundwater and removing the sources of contamination. These actions have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated groundwater at the Reilly Tar & Chemical Corp. (St. Louis Park Plant) site while further investigations and cleanup activities take place. Upon selection and implementation of a remedy for the Platteville Aquifer, all contamination at the site have been addressed. Site Repository St. Louis Park Library Branch, 3240 Library Lane, St. Louis Park, MN 55426 REILLY TAR & CHEMICAL CORP. (ST. LOUIS PARK PLANT) May 1994 ------- RITARI POST &POLE MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND980904064 EPA REGION 5 Wadena County miles northwest of Sebeka Site Description The 212-acre Ritari Post & Pole site is an inactive wood preserving facility that was in operation from 1959. Creosote was used as a preservative up to 1966. The wood preserving operation then used pentachlorophenol (PCP) as the preservative. From 1966 to 1973, the site used a process that allowed approximately 27,000 gallons of PCP to drip from treated wood directly onto the ground. In addition, approximately 3,200 gallons of PCP-contaminated sludge were applied directly to the ground. The site is partially fenced. There are approximately 350 people living within 3 miles of the site. Several on-site monitoring wells and a private well less than 500 feet away from the site are contaminated with PCP. The private well has been replaced by a new well into a deeper uncontaminated aquifer. The site is 3/4 mile from a wetland area draining into the Cat River. The river is used for recreation. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and State actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 01/22/87 Final Date: 07/21/87 Threats and Contaminants On-site groundwater is contaminated with PCP, phenols, and dioxin. Potential health threats include using contaminated groundwater for household purposes and crop irrigation. Also, contamination of the food chain is possible if contaminants move into the adjacent wetlands and the small creek that drains into the Cat River. Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. May 1994 ------- Response Action Status Entire Site: The State conducted an investigation into the nature and extent of contamination at the site, which resulted in the selection of final cleanup remedies. Soil and preliminary groundwater sampling were conducted at the site. Early study results revealed the presence of dioxins. The investigation report was completed in late 1993. A Record of Decision, to document the selected remedial action for the site, is scheduled for mid-1994. Environmental Progress After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that no immediate actions were required at the Ritari Post & Pole site while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned. Site Repository Wadena Public Library, 304 First Street, Southwest, Wadena, MN 56482 May 1994 RITARI POST & POLE ------- SOUTH AND SITE MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND98060961 EPA REGION 5 Anoka County Andover, 16 miles northeast of Minneapolis Other Names: Heidelberger Cecil Musket Ranch Pumpkin City Investments Musket Ranch Andover Sites Site Description The South Andover Site is composed of several parcels of land totaling approximately 50 acres. The individual parcels of land are located adjacent to one another and are independently owned and used. Several small businesses involved with used auto part sales, auto salvage operations, and auto body repair are situated adjacent to the site. From 1954 until 1981, the majority of these properties were involved with waste disposal and salvage operations. The Cecil Heidelberger property stored drums containing inks and solvents. Approximately 75 percent of the Heidelberger property was later covered with an estimated 3 million tires. Thousands of barrels of solvents and inks reportedly were burned in open pits on the Batson property. A wetland on the property was used as a disposal area prior to filling. The Charles Mistelske property was used to store approximately 8,300 gallons of paints, adhesives, and greases in 1-, 2-, and 55-gallon containers. The Meyer property was used to store approximately 200 drums of chemical waste. Spillage of chemical waste is known to have occurred at this location. Drummed waste and transformers were stored on the Klar property. Transformers, salvaged electrical equipment, empty drums, and miscellaneous debris are evident on the site. Waste processing stopped in 1977, and waste was not accepted after 1978, when the property was sold to Parmack, Inc. In 1980, the State issued notices of violation for improper storage and disposal of chemical wastes. The site is located 3,000 feet from the Waste Disposal Landfill, another NPL site. The City of Andover has a population of 13,000. The area 1/4 mile north of the site is a residential neighborhood with about 170 homes. Five residences are located on site. Further development is planned to the west and south of the site. Several commercial ventures, including auto part and salvage operations, currently operate on site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/22/81 Final Date: 09/08/83 May 1994 ------- Threats and Contaminants Low levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in groundwater at the site. However, the compounds detected did not exceed any regulatory levels, and they do not pose a risk to public health or the environment. The contaminant levels for arsenic were exceeded in only one groundwater sample taken from a shallow on-site monitoring well. No on-site source of arsenic could be found. Surface soils are contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), antimony, lead, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Surface soil contamination is limited to seven "hot spots" less than six feet deep. The health threat of greatest concern to people is coming in direct contact with contaminated soil. Recent sampling of groundwater indicates that no contaminants exist in the residents' potable water supply. Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and one short-term remedial phase directed at cleanup of the groundwater and cleanup of the soil, surface water, and sediments. Response Action Status Immediate Actions: In 1981, approximately 700 drums were disposed of by mixing the contents with waste oil and using the mixture as fuel. An estimated 600 drums were removed from the site by the potentially responsible parties in 1986 and were disposed of in a federally approved facility. In 1989, the EPA constructed a fence around the unfenced portion of the site and posted warning signs in an effort to limit site access. Also in 1989, the EPA, in conjunction with the State, completed shredding and removing the tires from the site. Groundwater: The EPA and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) have amended the groundwater remedy to delete three of the four cleanup components selected in 1988: pumping groundwater from the surface aquifer; supplying city water to private well users; and placing restrictions on new wells. However, groundwater monitoring will continue for approximately 5 years. Ten monitoring wells and one residential well will be sampled two times a year. After the fifth year of monitoring, data will be reviewed to decide if further monitoring is necessary. Wells will be immediately re- sampled if cleanup levels are exceeded. If re-sampling confirms cleanup levels have been exceeded, further actions will be taken. Non-monitored wells will be properly plugged and abandoned. May 1994 SOUTH ANDOVER SITE ------- Soils, Surface Water, and Sediment: The EPA selected a cleanup remedy in 1991 which involves excavating and biologically treating 2,100 cubic yards of PAH- contaminated soil from three isolated areas. Treatment will occur in an above- ground unit and treated soil will be returned to the site as clean fill. The remaining 9,300 cubic yards of PCB-, PAH-, lead- and antimony-contaminated soil from four other isolated areas will be taken to a permitted landfill for final disposal. The selected cleanup remedy also includes sampling of surface water and sediments from two wetlands on and adjacent to the site. The parties potentially responsible for site contamination are expected to begin designing the selected remedies in late 1992. Site Facts: In 1976, the State issued a Citation of Violation to Cecil and Marian Heidelberger for unregulated chemical waste storage. In 1982, the EPA notified 16 potentially responsible parties that they may be liable for cleanup at the site. An early investigation of the site was initiated by the State in 1973, after a citizen lodged a complaint of suspected contamination in a residential well. In August 1993, a two party Consent Decree was entered in the federal courts between U.S. EPA and sixteen Settling Defendants. The Consent Decree compelled the Settling Defendants to design and implement the remedy. Environmental Progress By removing contaminated drums, fencing the area of contamination, and removing numerous tires from the site, the potential for direct exposure to hazardous materials at the South Andover Site facility has been reduced while design activities leading to the permanent cleanup of the site take place. Completion of site cleanup activities is anticipated to occur in the fall of 1994 under a federal Consent Decree. Site Repository Andover City Hall, 1685 Crosstown Boulevard, Northwest, Andover, MN 55403 SOUTH ANDOVER SITE May 1994 ------- ST. AUGUSTA SANITARY LAI9 ENGEN DUMP MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND981002256 EPA REGION 5 Stearns County 1 mile from St. Augusta Other Names: t. Cloud Dump Site Description The 75-acre St. Augusta Sanitary Landfill/Engen Dump site operated as a dump and landfill. The 10-acre Engen Dump portion of the site operated from 1966 to 1971. The 40-acre St. Augusta Landfill was operated as a sanitary landfill, licensed by the State, from 1971 until 1982. Paint wastes, solvents, sludges, and ash from hazardous waste incineration were buried at the site. Records indicate that open burning occurred at the Engen Dump portion of the site. There also was evidence of illegal dumping of wastes in the early 1980s. Also, erosion has at times exposed filled waste at the St. Augusta site, and a leachate seep has been noticed on the northern side of the landfill. In 1983, the landfill and dump ceased operations and were covered with a cap. Fencing around the site is inadequate, and there is evidence of site use by recreational vehicles and hunters. St. Augusta has an approximate population of 2,500. The Mississippi River borders the old Engen Dump area of the site. Johnson Creek runs to the south of the site. One nearby residence has a private well, which is regularly monitored. Since groundwater flow is toward the Mississippi River, site contaminants may be reaching the river, which is used as a major drinking water resource. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/18/85 Final Date: 07/21/87 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals including arsenic, barium, and lead; volatile organic compounds (VOCs); atrazine; and phthalates. Health threats include coming in direct contact with and ingestion of contaminated groundwater. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on institutional controls to prohibit installation of drinking water wells; continued groundwater monitoring; regarding and revegetation of the landfill cover; removal of surface debris; and regarding and revegetation of the dump cover; placement of barriers and posting of warning signs; passive gas venting; monitoring of gas; institutional controls to prohibit building on the site; and the establishment of groundwater intervention limits that, if violated, would require implementation of additional groundwater corrective action. Response Action Status Entire Site: A steering committee representing potentially responsible parties has installed monitoring wells, taken yearly samples, and conducted a hydrogeological study. An investigation to determine the nature and extent of contamination began in 1991 and is scheduled for completion in 1993. Site Facts: Approximately 40 parties potentially responsible for wastes associated with the site have formed a steering committee to address contamination at the site. Environmental Progress A public meeting was held March 2, 1994, to explain to the public the proposed cleanup plan for the site. A final decision about the proposed cleanup plan will be documented in a Record of Decision (ROD) scheduled for June 1994. The ROD will include a summary of the public's comments and the agencies responses to those comments. Site Repository Great River Regional Library, 405 St. Germain Street, St. Cloud, MN 56301 May 1994 ST AUGUSTA SANITARY LANDFILL7 ENGEN DUMP ------- ST. LOUIS R MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND039045430 ITE Site Description EPA REGION 5 St. Louis County iles southwest of Duluth's central business district Other Names: U.S. Steel Corp. Duluth Workshop Interlake/Duluth Tar The 640 acre St. Louis River Site contains two different areas: the St. Louis River/Tnterlake/Duluth Tar Area and the U.S. Steel or USX area. These areas are separated by 4 miles of river. The USX Corporation began operation of an integrated steel mill on this site in 1915. Operations included coke and iron production, open hearth steel production, rolling, and wire milling. The USX Duluth Works closed in 1979; however, the wire mill building was used by the lessee until 1987. There is extensive contamination of the sediments, soil, surface water, and groundwater with coke and tar products, which contain high concentrations of polynucleararomatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Demolition of most of the site buildings has occurred, and some pipes and tanks used for storage in the past have been cleaned and dismantled. The St. Louis River and associated wetlands run along the eastern and southern sides of the site. The Interlake/Duluth Tar area is located about 3 miles from Duluth. It occupies 230 acres, consisting of the 54th Avenue Peninsula, a boat slip, the Hallett Peninsula, the Stryker embayment, and the Keene Creek Bay. The Hallett Peninsula has a long history of industrial use for pig iron manufacturing, coking operations, and related industries from the late 1800s to about 1962. Zenith Furnace Company began operating a blast furnace on site in 1902 and added coke ovens in 1904. The Zenith facilities were acquired by Interlake Iron Corporation in 1930. Interlake continued to operate the coking ovens, and more ovens were added in 1939. Interlake operated the blast furnace until 1960 and the coke ovens until 1961. In 1962, the blast furnace was toppled and the coke ovens were emptied. Between approximately 1904 and 1916, Duluth Tar and Chemical Company, and from approximately 1916 and 1924, the Barrett Company, produced tar products from waste tar obtained from Interlake. Between 1924 and 1948, Dominion, American Tar and Chemical Company, and American Tar Products, produced products using tar from Interlake. Most of the buildings from these businesses have been removed. Presently, Hallett Dock Company, an auto junkyard, and other small businesses operate on the site. The St. Louis River is located south of this area. The river empties into Lake Superior 4 miles downstream of the site. Approximately 800 people live within a mile of the site. Contaminated groundwater is not used as a drinking water source. Drinking water is supplied from an intake several miles from the mouth of Lake Superior. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/08/83 Final Date: 09/21/84 May 1994 ------- Threats and Contaminants Air at the site may contain contaminated dust and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) when the surface soil is disturbed. The groundwater at both site areas is contaminated with PAHs. Sediments and soils at the U.S. Steel area contain PAHs. Sediments and soils at the Interlake/Duluth Tar Area contain PAHs and tars. The surface water at the U.S. Steel area is contaminated with PAHs. The tanks and pipes are contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). If the contaminated soil, sediments, surface water and groundwater are accidentally swallowed or touched, health hazards could ensue. The site also could contaminate the wetlands adjacent to the U.S. Steel site and the St. Louis River itself. There is a fish advisory in effect, "No swimming" signs are posted, and there are some restrictions on access to the two site areas. Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in stages: initial actions, cleanup of the U.S. Steel area, and cleanup of the tar seeps, soils, and sediments at the Interlake/Duluth Tar area. Response Action Status Initial Actions: Several initial actions have been completed to remove contaminated materials at both areas of the site. Most buildings at both areas of the site have been demolished, and tanks and pipes have been cleaned and Interlake/Duluth Tar Area: The State has completed an investigation into the nature and extent of contamination on the Interlake/Duluth Tar portion of the site. A final study conducted by the PRPs focusing on the cleanup alternatives for the soil and groundwater is expected to be completed in 1994. A final focusing on the cleanup alternatives for the sediments should be completed in 1995. U.S. Steel Area: The State has selected the following remedy to clean up the U.S. Steel portion of the site: excavating and removing the tar-contaminated soil and using it as fuel; discharging the contaminated water to the publicly owned water treatment facility; incinerating PCB liquids; landfarming of some materials; surface water and groundwater monitoring; and disposing of wastes in an approved landfill. The PRPs have begun site cleanup activities. Tar Seeps at the Interlake/Duluth Area: In 1990, the EPA selected a remedy to excavate the tar seeps present on the soil surface and to burn the tar as fuel. These cleanup activities were undertaken by the parties potentially responsible for the contamination and were completed by 1993. May 1994 ST. LOUIS RIVER SITE ------- Environmental Progress The demolition of contaminated buildings, cleanup and dismantling of contaminated tanks and pipes, and the excavation and removal of the tar seep materials have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the St. Louis River Site while further studies and cleanup activities are taking place. Site Repository Duluth Public Library, 520 West Superior Street, Duluth, MN 55802 ST. LOUIS RIVER SITE May 1994 ------- ST. REGIS PA MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND057597940 Site Description EPA REGION 5 Cass County hippewa National Forest Other Names: Wheelers Division The St. Regis Paper Co. site occupies 125 acres in the Chippewa National Forest between Pike Bay and Cass Lake. Wood treatment activities began at the site in the 1950s while the land was leased from the Great Northern Railroad. In 1957, pressure treatment of lumber with creosote was being used in the wood treatment process; wastewater from this process was discharged into a disposal pond. In 1960, pentachlorophenol (PCP) was being used to pressure-treat wood products. Wastewater from this process was discharged into three disposal ponds. In mid-1971, the three ponds were replaced by a new pond. Since mid-1980, the plant's wastewater was evaporated, and the residue was placed in barrels for transport to a hazardous waste disposal facility. Prior to this action, sludge reportedly was hauled to the southwestern corner of the property before it was transported to an off-site disposal facility. Also, the pond was dredged on one occasion, and the contents were placed around the sides of the pond. Drinking water in the area comes from private and municipal wells. The Chippewa National Forest, Pike Bay, and Cass Lake have a potential of being contaminated by the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/08/83 Final Date: 09/21/84 Threats and Contaminants The groundwater is contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenolic compounds, low levels of metals, and dioxins. The soil is contaminated with PAHs, PCPs, dioxin, and arsenic, while the surface water is contaminated with PAHs and phenolic compounds. The contaminated soil and groundwater could have adverse health effects if accidentally ingested or directly contacted. Seepage from the site could potentially flow into the nearby wetlands and be harmful to the plant and animal life. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Entire Site: In 1986, the State decided to excavate the contaminated soil and store it in an on-site vault. The contaminated soil has been excavated and stored, and the groundwater is being treated by the carbon adsorption method before being discharged to the surface water. This treatment system has been operative for the last 5 years and will continue until contamination is reduced to safe cleanup levels. Site Facts: Two Consent Orders signed by the State of Minnesota and Champion International in 1985 gave Champion International the responsibility to conduct the investigation to determine the nature and extent of site contamination and to develop a plan for cleanup. Environmental Progress The ongoing groundwater treatment program and soil excavation have significantly reduced the potential for exposure to soil contaminants at the St. Regis Paper Co. site. The groundwater treatment is expected to continue until cleanup goals are met. Site Repository Not established. May 1994 ST. REGIS PAPER CO. ------- TWIN CITIE FORCE RE BASE (SMA RANGE LA MINNESOTA EPA ID# MN8570024275I EPA REGION 5 Hennepin County Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport Complex Other Names: Air Force Mlnneapolis-St. Paul International Airport Small Arms Range Landfill Site Description Since 1944, the 280-acre Twin Cities Air Force Reserve Base (Small Arms Range Landfill) was used for operations that resulted in the storage and disposal of hazardous substances. The Small Arms Range Landfill was the main base landfill from 1963 to 1972. The site is along the Minnesota River and covers approximately 3 acres. In addition to general base refuse, quantities of paint sludge, paint filters, and leaded-fuel sludge also were disposed of at the landfill. The site is within the 100-year flood plain of the Minnesota River and is periodically flooded, resulting in the release of chromium, lead, and zinc to the river. Approximately 64,700 people living in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area depend on public and private wells for drinking water within a 3-mile area of the landfill. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 01/22/87 Final Date: 07/21/87 Threats and Contaminants Monitoring wells have shown contamination with low levels of mercury, chromium, lead, and zinc in the groundwater. Soil and sludge were contaminated with paint by-products and petrochemicals. Individuals who accidentally ingested or had direct contact with contaminated groundwater, soil, or sludge may have suffered adverse health effects; however, the site has been fenced, restricting access to site-related contaminants. The northern boundary of the Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge lies 500 feet from the landfill. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Immediate Actions: In the spring of 1987, the EPA secured the site, posted warning signs, transferred liquids to on-site storage tanks, shipped 69 drums of organic sludges for incineration, and transported 35 cubic yards of contaminated soil for off-site disposal. Entire Site: The Air Force completed an investigation of the site in 1992, determining the extent of contamination. The selected remedies include natural attenuation and monitoring of the groundwater and deed restrictions to limit site use. In addition, a fence has been constructed to secure the site. After two years of monitoring the groundwater, the site will be re-evaluated to ensure that natural attenuation is sufficiently reducing groundwater contamination. Site Facts: The Twin Cities Air Force Reserve Base is participating in the Installation Restoration Program, a specially funded program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DOD facilities. Environmental Progress The immediate actions, including the removal of liquid and solid wastes and contaminated soil, have greatly reduced the potential for .exposure to hazardous substances at the Twin Cities Air Force Reserve Base (Small Arms Range Landfill) site while groundwater monitoring to ensure the continued reduction of contamination is taking place. Site Repository Southdale Hennepin Area Library, 7001 York Avenue South, Edina, MN 55435 May 1994 TWIN CITIES AIR FORCE RESERVE BASE (SMALL ARMS RANGE LANDFILL) ------- UNION SCRA & METAL CO MINNESOTA EPAID# MND022949192 EPA REGION 5 Hennepin County North Minneapolis Site Description Union Scrap Iron & Metal Company sorted and crushed lead battery fragments on this 1/4- acre site from 1973 to 1980. Lead was separated and sold for recycling. The remaining plastic and rubber fragments, which also contained lead, accumulated in piles. Approximately 30,000 tons of these fragments were on the site. According to the State, airborne lead levels adjacent to the site were significantly high. There was also a potential for groundwater and surface water contamination. Approximately 3,700 people live within a 1/2-mile radius of the site and 17,100 live within 1 mile. There are three schools within 1 mile of the site. Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through Federal and State actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/08/83 Final Date: 09/21/84 Deleted Date: 09/10/91 Threats and Contaminants The air was contaminated with lead. The soil and sludge were contaminated with heavy metals including lead, arsenic, cadmium, nickel and copper, as well as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The site is located in a predominantly commercial area; the potential for exposure to airborne particulates existed for people traveling and working near the area prior to the completion of cleanup activities. Cleanup Approach This site was addressed through emergency actions; further investigations showed that no other cleanup activities were required. May 1994 ------- Response Action Status Emergency Actions: In 1985, the EPA covered the contaminated piles with tarpaulins and weighted them with tires to prevent erosion and air pollution. A fence also was installed. In 1987, the EPA removed the battery debris, casings, and contaminated soil from the property and refilled the area with clean fill. Contaminated materials were removed from sewer lines. Existing buildings were decontaminated and demolished. In 1989, a cement pad and the waste beneath it were removed. Entire Site: The EPA conducted an investigation of the site to determine the nature and the extent of the contamination. The results of the investigation indicated that no significant contamination remained on the site after the completion of the emergency actions. The EPA, therefore, determined in 1990 that no further action would be taken at this site. The site was deleted from the NPL in 1991. Environmental Progress The emergency actions described above have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the Union Scrap Iron & Metal Company site. Because of these actions, all cleanup goals for surface contamination have been met, and no significant contamination remains on the site, making the surroundings safe for nearby residents and the environment. The site has been designated for unrestricted use, and no further monitoring is necessary. The EPA deleted the site from the NPL in 1991. Site Repository Minneapolis Public Library, 300 Nicollet Mall, Minneapolis, MN 55401 May 1994 UNION SCRAP IRON & METAL COMPANY ------- UNIVERSITY O MINNESOTA (ROSEMOUNT RESEARCH CE MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND980613780 Site Description EPA REGION 5 Dakota County H Rosemount • .—J Other Names: ?Rosemount Research Center The University of Minnesota formerly operated this 4-acre disposal site, which includes the following six areas: (1) a burn pit, constructed in 1968, which received about 7,000 gallons of waste per year (a second pit existed in the early 1960s and received about 100 gallons of waste per year); (2) a used equipment area that may have been used for storing and salvaging of electrical equipment and lead batteries and for disposal of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)- contaminated oil (two incinerators also were operated in this area and may have been fueled by transformer oil); (3) a transformer area where a PCB spill occurred in the 1970s; (4) an oxidation pond and a Research Center Sewer System area that now receive sanitary sewer discharges; (5) a dump area where construction, demolition, and municipal wastes have been placed; and (6) a former Process Water Lagoon area, which operated for 4 months in 1945 and received sulfuric acid, nitric acid, ammonia, and ether. Between 1960 and 1973, the University buried and incinerated gaseous, liquid, and chemical laboratory wastes on the site. The University detected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals in monitoring wells and soil on site in 1972. New monitoring data collected by the State in 1984 indicate that the contamination is spreading. Approximately 9,600 people use wells within 3 miles of the site as a source of drinking water. The closest well downslope of the burn pit is 9,500 feet away. Employee and tenant work areas are within 1,000 feet from the used equipment area. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/15/84 Final Date: 06/10/86 Threats and Contaminants The groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals including lead, copper, and zinc; VOCs including chloroform; and nitrates. The soil is contaminated with VOCs; heavy metals including lead, chromium, copper, and zinc; pesticides including lindane and chlordane; dioxins; and PCBs. The contaminated soil and groundwater could pose health problems to individuals if directly contacted or ingested. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on groundwater cleanup and cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Groundwater: The University has taken the responsibility for monitoring the groundwater. Also, the University is supplying bottled water to 28 families in Rosemount. A groundwater pump-out system has been constructed and is operational. Construction of a permanent water supply system was completed in late 1991. The wells in the area no longer exceed the State's Recommended Allowable Limit for chloroform; however, the University constructed the water supply system on its own. Entire Site: The EPA and the State have completed an investigation into the soil contamination at the site. In 1990, lead-contaminated soil was removed and disposed of off site in a federally approved landfill. Soil heavily contaminated with PCBs have been treated on site using an on-site incineration process. The incineration of contaminated soils have been completed. Final cleanup actions, such as restricting access with man-made barriers around the site, and putting on a vegetative cover will be completed by the fall of 1994. Site Facts: In 1986, under a State Order, the University of Minnesota conducted an investigation of the site. The Order also called for the removal of contaminated soil and monitoring of the contaminated groundwater. Environmental Progress The provision of an alternative water supply to affected families and the ongoing cleanup activities described above have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous substances in the drinking water. Final cleanup activities are being completed for on-site contaminated soils at the University of Minnesota (Rosemont Research Center) site. Site Repository Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155 May 1994 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA (ROSEMOUNT RESEARCH CENTER) ------- WAITE PARK MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND981002249 EPA REGION 5 Stearns County St. Cloud Site Description The Waite Park Wells site contains four municipal water wells. Wells 1 and 3 are located on Burlington Northern Car Shop property and were found to be contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in 1984. Burlington Northern has constructed and repaired railroad cars on the site since 1894. The activities generated wastes that included oils and greases, sandblast sand, calcium hydroxide, solvents, paints, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Burlington Northern ceased operations at this facility around 1980 and has donated much of the land to the City of Waite Park. The Electric Machinery plant has manufactured electric generators since 1969. The plant had four major waste streams: waste oils and lubricants, resins from the thermoplastics operation, coolant from the machine shop, and solvents and paints from a paint booth. There were several disposal and storage areas on the property. Approximately 4,000 people reside in Waite Park, and 3,500 people are served by the municipal water system. The adjacent Sauk River joins the Mississippi River 2 miles from the site. The nearest houses are approximately 50 feet from the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, and municipal actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/18/85 Final Date: 06/10/86 Threats and Contaminants The groundwater and soil are contaminated with VOCs. Sandblast sand and soils are contaminated with heavy metals, VOCs, and PCBs. Individuals may face a health risk if they ingest contaminated water or directly contact contaminated soil. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the Electric Machinery property and cleanup of the Burlington Northern property. Response Action Status Initial Actions: The contaminated wells were taken out of service immediately, with an emergency hookup to the St. Cloud water supply established in 1985. Since 1988, an air stripper has been operated by the municipality to treat the groundwater from these two municipal wells. Electric Machinery Property: The remedy selected for cleanup of the Electric Machinery property includes: installing groundwater extraction wells in the contaminated plume; pumping and treating contaminated groundwater through an air stripper and discharging the treated water to the Sauk River; and restricting access to the site by installing a fence and security system around the site. Groundwater pumping and air stripping still are taking place. All other cleanup activities have been completed. Burlington Northern Property: The State conducted an additional investigation to further define the areas of contamination at this site and to determine if additional cleanup actions will be required. To date, the sandblast sands have been sampled. The feasibility study for this area is expected to be completed in late 1994. The remedy will be selected shortly after the feasibility study is released to the public. Environmental Progress The emergency hookup to the municipal water system, installation and operation of the air stripper water treatment system, and securing of the site have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated soil and groundwater while further investigation and cleanup activities are taking place at the Waite Park Wells site. Site Repository Waite Park Branch Library, 612 North Third Street, Waite Park, MN 56387 May 1994 WAITE PARK WELLS ------- WASHINGTO COUNTY LAN MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND980704738 EPA REGION 5 Washington County Lake Elmo Site Description From 1969 to 1975, Washington and Ramsey Counties operated a sanitary landfill at the 40- acre Washington County Landfill site. After operations were discontinued in 1975, a clean soil cap was placed on the landfill. In 1981, groundwater monitoring indicated the presence of elevated concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and some heavy metals in on- site monitoring wells and off-site residential wells. In 1983 and 1984, alternate drinking water supplies were provided to affected residences. In 1983, Ramsey and Washington Counties installed a pump and treat system to contain on-site any potential groundwater contamination from the landfill. The site is near a populated residential development, with farmland, recreational land, and several lakes in the area. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, County, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/08/83 Final Date: 09/21/84 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs. Individuals may face a health risk from ingesting or directly contacting contaminated groundwater; however, it is unlikely as all local residents have been connected to the City of Oakdale public water supply. Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in three stages: an immediate action and two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site and provision of a safe drinking water source. May 1994 ------- Response Action Status Immediate Action: In 1983 and 1984, alternate drinking water supplies were provided to affected residences, and Ramsey and Washington Counties installed a groundwater extraction and treatment system. Entire Site: Cleanup remedies selected by the EPA include: installing and operating a groundwater gradient control operation at the site; providing safe drinking water supplies for affected residences; monitoring the landfill and the effectiveness of the groundwater gradient control system; instituting appropriate landfill security and safety procedures; and implementing a closure plan. The groundwater gradient control system is in operation and monitoring of the groundwater will continue until the long- term effectiveness of the remedy is confirmed. Landfill closure was completed, with provisions for monitoring explosive gases, which can develop and migrate away from the site. Dangerous levels of explosive gas were discovered in soils on and adjacent to the site in 1992. Plans were developed for a gas control system for the site. Construction was completed in December 1993 and the system is expected to be fully operational in 1994. Drinking Water: In September 1990, a remedy was selected to supply drinking water to residents of 10 homes in Lake Elmo who have received Minnesota Department of Health advisories against using their existing well water for drinking or cooking. The remedy called for these 10 homes to be connected to the City of Oakdale public water supply system. Construction of the connections was completed in 1992. Site Facts: In 1984, a Consent Order was signed between the Counties and the MPCA for the Counties to perform cleanup activities. In early 1992, the EPA issued a Unilateral Administrative Order, (UAO) to the Counties, requiring them to continue cleanup activities under EPA monitoring. In early 1993, EPA issued an amended UAO to the counties which incorporated explosive gas control requirements for the site. Environmental Progress The immediate and continuing actions to supply alternative water to affected residences have eliminated the potential for exposure to hazardous substances in the drinking water at the Washington County Landfill site. Site Repository Washington County Library, 2150 Radio Drive, Woodbury, MN 55125 May 1994 WASHINGTON COUNTY LANDFILL ------- WASTE DISP ENGINEERIN MINNESOTA EPAID# MND980609119 PA REGION 5 Anoka County Andover Site Description The 114-acre Waste Disposal Engineering site operated as a dump and landfill for approximately 20 years, closing in early 1983. Hazardous wastes were disposed of throughout the landfill during site operation. From 1972 until 1974, paint sludges, solvents, oils, caustics, and acids were disposed of in an asphalt-lined pit on the site. Poor operating practices and spills contributed to the site contamination. In 1982, lime sludge generated by the Minneapolis Drinking Water Treatment Plant was deposited at the site. The landfill covers 73 acres of refuse area and contains approximately 2,500,000 cubic yards of waste. Groundwater directly under the site is contaminated primarily with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Area residents rely on groundwater for their potable water source. The area surrounding the site is residential, agricultural, and commercial. The site is bordered by Coon Creek. Site Responsibility: The site is being addressed through Federal and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 07/16/82 Final Date: 09/08/83 Threats and Contaminants 7H Groundwater, soil gas, and Coon Creek contain VOCs from wastes deposited in the landfill. Individuals may be exposed to contaminants through accidental ingestion of, inhalation of, or direct contact with groundwater, soil gas, or surface water. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Entire Site: In 1987, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the site by pumping and treating the groundwater using carbon adsorption and discharging the treated water to Coon Creek; installing a soil cap to completely cover the landfill; installing a clay groundwater cut-off wall; restricting well use; filling in a wetland and constructing an alternate wetland to replace the lost habitat; and monitoring the site. Construction of the final site remedy began in 1992 and will be completed in 1994. Groundwater cleanup will continue as a long-term phase of the remedy. Environmental Progress An initial evaluation by the EPA of the Waste Disposal Engineering site determined that no immediate actions are necessary to protect the public or the environment from immediate threats while design activities take place. Site Repository Andover City Hall, 1685 Crosstown Boulevard, Andover, MN 55304 May 1994 WASTE DISPOSAL ENGINEERING ------- MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND00625223 EPA REGION 5 Hennepin County Minneapolis Other Names: Minneapolis Coatings & Chemical Division Site Description The 1-acre Whittaker Corp. site is located within a 10-acre tract of land. During World War II, Triploil Holding Company operated on the site and repackaged war materials, including antifreeze and oil, for the military. In the 1950s, Triploil expanded its operations by acquiring Midwestern Copper Works, which manufactures industrial coatings. Resins and industrial coatings were produced on the property. Raw materials were stored in underground storage tanks, in diked aboveground storage tanks, in drums, or inside the plant. Waste products were used in the manufacturing process, condensed into steam, incinerated on site, or disposed of in a low, swampy area on the site. Hazardous materials were found during a 1978 excavation for a parking lot. The site is located within an industrial area of Minneapolis. The Mississippi River is approximately 1,200 feet to the west of the site. There are four industrial and four residential wells in the nearby area. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal and State actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 09/08/83 Final Date: 09/21/84 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater and soil were found to be contaminated with heavy metals including cadmium and lead, as well as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Ingestion of or direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soil could pose a health risk. May 1994 ------- Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. Response Action Status Entire Site: In 1985, the following actions were initiated: excavation of buried drums; removal of contaminated soils from the disposal area; shipment of all hazardous wastes to permitted disposal facilities; and pumping and treating of recovered groundwater. All excavation and removal activities have been completed. The groundwater is being treated by an air stripper, then discharged to a storm sewer. Whittaker is continuing operation of the groundwater treatment system until establish cleanup goals have been met. Environmental Progress The removal and treatment actions described above have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the Whittaker Corp. site while further pumping and treating of the groundwater continues. Site Repository Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155 May 1994 WHITTAKER CORPORATION ------- WINDOM DU MINNESOTA EPA ID# MND980034516 EPA REGION 5 Cottonwood County Windom Site Description Prior to the 1930s, the 11-acre Windom Dump site was quarried for sand and gravel, almost to the level of the water table. The site was used for the burning of municipal and industrial wastes from the 1930s until 1971. From 1971 to 1974, municipal wastes and some industrial wastes were placed in a fill area along the pit. However, burning of paint sludges continued during this time. The site was closed in 1974, although the City of Windom has continued to place demolition asphalt and concrete over the fill area. The population of Windom is approximately 4,500. Land near the site is comprised of residences and is used for farming and industrial activities. An elementary school is two blocks to the west of the site. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through Federal, State, and potentially responsible parties' actions. NPL LISTING HISTORY Proposed Date: 10/15/84 Final Date: 06/10/86 Threats and Contaminants Groundwater is contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium, and chromium. VOCs also were detected in the soil. The contaminated groundwater and soil could have posed a health hazard if touched or ingested. Possible contamination of private wells and the city drinking water supply with VOCs was a major concern. Cleanup Approach This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. May 1994 ------- Response Action Status Entire Site: Under EPA supervision, the potentially responsible parties conducted an investigation at the site to determine the nature and the extent of the contamination. As part of the investigation, a fence was constructed around the borders of the site and six monitoring wells were installed by the City. In 1985, the Minnesota Department of Health sampled the City's municipal and residential wells. In 1987, an additional 12 monitoring wells were installed. The parties potentially responsible for site contamination performed the following activities to clean up the site: graded the site to control erosion; covered the site with compacted clay and other materials which are impermeable to water; provided a drainage layer; and installed a cover to prevent water and wind erosion. Intervention limits for the contaminants of concern also were established. These intervention limits were exceeded in 1989, so an extraction and treatment system was installed. Groundwater extraction and treatment will continue until cleanup levels are met. Otherwise, all planned cleanup activities have been completed. Environmental Progress The numerous cleanup activities described above have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous substances at the Windom Dump site, while groundwater pumping and treating continue to lower contamination levels. Site Repository Windom Public Library, 904 4th Avenue, Windom, MN 56101 May 1994 WINDOM DUMP ------- GLOSSARY Terms Used in the NPL Book This glossary defines terms used throughout the NPL Volumes. The terms and abbreviations contained in this glossary apply specifically to work performed under the Superfund program in the context of hazardous waste management. These terms may have other meanings when used in a different context. A table of common toxic chemicals found at NPL sites, the ir xowces, and their potential threats is located on page G-15 Acids: Substances, characterized by low pH (less than 7.0), that are used in chemical manu- facturing. Acids in nigh concentration can be very corrosive and react with inanv inorganic and organic substances. These reactions possi- bly may create toxic compounds or release heavy metal contaminants that remain in the environment long after the acid is neutralized. Administrative Order On Consent: A legal and enforceable agreement between the EPA and the parries potentially responsible for site contamination. Under the terms of the Order, the potentially responsible parties (PRPs) agree to perform or pay for site studies or cleanups. It also describes the oversight rules. responsibilities, and enforcement options that the government may exercise in the event of non-compliance by potentially responsible parties. This Order is signed by PRPs and the government: it does not require approval by a judge. Administrative Order [Unilateral]: A legally binding document issued by the EPA, directing the parties potentially responsible to perform site cleanups or studies (generally, the EPA does not issue Unilateral Orders for site studies). This type of Order is not signed by the PRPs and does not require approval by a judge. Aeration: A process that promotes breakdown of contaminants in soil or water by exposing them to air. Agency for Toxic Substances and Dis- ease Registry (ATSDR): The Federal agency within the U.S. Public Health Service charged with carrying out the health-related responsibilities of CERCLA. Air Stripping: A process whereby volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) ore removed from contaminated material by forcing a stream of air through the contaminated material in a pressur- ized vessel. The contaminants are evaporated into the air stream. The air may be further treated before it is released into the atmosphere. Ambient Air: Any unconfined pan of the atmosphere. Refers to the air that may be inhaled by workers or residents in the vicinity of contaminated air sources. Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements (ARARs): Federal State, or local laws which apply to Superfund activities at NPL sites. Both emergency and long-term actions must comply with these laws or provide sound reasons for allowing a waiver. ARARs must be identified for each site relative to the characteristics of the site, the substances found at the site, or the cleanup alternatives being considered for the site. ------- GLOSSARY properties, which increase cleaning ertiuency. However, these properties also cause chemical reactions that increase the hazard to human health and the environment. Carbon Treatment: [see Carbon Adsorp- tion). Cell: [n solid waste disposal, one of a series of holes in a landfill where waste is dumped. compacted, and covered with layers of dirt CERCLA: [see Comprehensive Environmen- tal Response. Compensation, and Liability Act). Characterization: The sampling, monitoring. and analysis of a site to determine the extent and nature of toxic releases. Characterization provides the basis for acquiring the necessary technical information to develop, screen, ana- lyze, and select appropriate cleanup techniques. Chemical Rxation: The use of chemicals to bind contaminants, thereby reducing the poten- tial for leaching or other movement. Chromated Copper Arsenate: An insecti- cide/herbicide formed from salts of three toxic metals: copper, chromium, and arsenic. This salt is used extensively as a wood preservative in pressure-treating operations. It is highly toxic and water-soluble, making it a relatively mobile contaminant in the environment Cleanup: Actions taken to eliminate a release or threat of release of a hazardous substance. The term "cleanup" sometimes is used inter- changeably with the terms remedial action. removal action, response action, or corrective action. Closure: The process by which a landfill stops accepting wastes and is shut down under Federal guidelines true ensure the protection ot the public and the environment. Comment Period: A specific interval during which the public can review and comment on various documents and EPA actions related to site cleanup. For example, a comment period is provided when the EPA proposes to add sites to the NPL. Also, there is minimum 5-week comment period for community members to review and comment on the remedy proposed to clean up a site. Community Relations: The EPA effort to establish and maintain two-way communication with the public. The goals of community relations programs include creating an under- standing of EPA programs and related actions, assuring public input into decision-making processes related to affected communities, and making certain that the Agency is aware of. and responsive to. public concerns. Specific com- munity relations activities are required in relation to Superfund cleanup actions [see Comment Period]. Comprehensive Environmental Re- sponse, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA): Congress enacted the CERCLA. known as Superfund, in 19X0 to respond directly to hazardous waste problems that may pose a threat to the public health and the environment The EPA administers the Superfund program. Confluence: The place where two bodies of water, such as streams or rivers, come together. Confined Aquifer: An aquifer in which groundwater is confined under pressure that is significantly greater than atmospheric pressure. ------- GLOSSARY Dike: A low wail that can act as a bamer to prevent a spill from .spreading. Dioxin: An organic chemical by-product or pesticide manuracture which is known to be one of the most toxic man-made chemicals. Disposal: Final placement or destruction of toxic, radioactive, or other wastes: surplus or banned pesticides or other chemicals: polluted soils: and drums containing hazardous materials. Disposal may be accomplished through the use of approved secure landfills, surface impound- ments, land farming, deep well injection, or incineration. Downgradient: A downward hydroiogic slope that causes groundwater to move toward lower elevations. Therefore, wells downyudi- ent of a contaminated groundwater source are prone to receiving pollutants. Ecological Assessment: A study of the impact of man-made or natural activity on living creatures and their environment Effluent: Wastewater. treated or untreated. that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, or industrial outfall. Generally refers to wastes discharged into surface waters. Emission: Pollution discharged into the atmosphere from smokestacks, other vents, and surface areas of commercial or industrial facili- ties. Emulsifiers: Substances that help in mixing materials that do not normally mix: e.g.. oil and water. Endangerment Assessment: A study conducted to determine the risks posed to public- health or the environment by contamination at NPL sites. The EPA or the State conducts the study when a legal action is to be taken to direct the potentially responsible parties to clean up a site or pay for the cleanup. An endangerment assessment supplements an investigation of the site hazards. Enforcement: EPA. State, or local legal actions taken against parties to facilitate settlements; to compel compliance with laws. rules, regulations, or agreements: or to obtain penalties or criminal sanctions for violations. Enforcement procedures may vary, depending on the specific requirements of different environmental laws and related regulatory requirements. Under CERCLA. for example. the EPA will seek to require potentially responsible panics to clean up a Superfund site or pay for the cleanup [see Cost Recov- ery). Erosion: The wearing away of land surface by wind or water. Erosion occurs naturally from weather or surface runoff, but can be intensified by such land-related practices as farming, residential or industrial develop- ment, road building, or timber-cutting. Ero- sion may spread surface contamination to off- site locations. Estuary (estuarine): Areas where fresh water from rivers and salt water from nearshore ocean waters are mixed. These areas may include bays, mouths of rivers, salt marshes, and lagoons. These water ecosys- tems shelter and feed marine life, birds, and wildlife. Evaporation Ponds: Areas where sewage sludge or other watery wastes are dumped and allowed to dry out. Feasibility Study: The analysis of the potential cleanup alternatives for a site. The feasibility study usually starts as soon as the remedial investigation is underway. In this volume, the feasibility study is referred to as a site study [see also Remedial Investigation]. ------- GLOSSARY Hot Spot: An area or vicinity or a site contain- ing exceptionally hjgh levels or contamination. Hydrocarbons: Chemical compounds that consist entirely of hydrogen and carbon. Hydrology: The properties, distribution, and circulation of water. Hydrogeology: The geology of ground water. with paracuiar emphasis on the chenustry and movement of water. Impoundment: A body of water or sludge confined by a dam. dike, floodgate, or other barrier. Incineration: A group of treatment technolo- gies involving destruction of waste by controlled burning at high temperatures, e.g.. burning sludge to reduce the remaining residues to a non-burnable ash that can be disposed of safely on land, in some waters, or in underground locations. Infiltration: The movement of water or other liquid down through soil from precipita- tion (rain or snow) or from application of wasiewater to the land surface. Influent: Water, wastcwater. or other liquid flowing into a reservoir, basin, or treatment plant Injection Weil: A well into which waste fluids are placed, under pressure, for purposes of disposal. Inorganic Chemicals: Chemical sub- stances of mineral origin, not of basic carbon structure. Installation Restoration Program: The specially funded program established in 197M under which the Department of Defense has been identifying and evaluating its hazardous waste sites and controlling the migration of hazardous contaminants from those sites. Intake: The source rrom where a vvater supply is drawn, .such a.s rrom a nver or water body. Interagency Agreement: A written agree- ment between the EPA and a Federal agency that has the lead for site cleanup activities. setting forth the roles and responsibilities of the agencies for performing and overseeing the activities. States often are parties to interagency agreements. Interim (Permit) Status: Conditions under which hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities, that were operating when regulations under the RCRA became final in 19X0. are temporarily allowed by the EPA to continue to operate while awaiting denial or issuance of a permanent permit. The facility must comply with certain regulations to maintain interim status. Lagoon: A shallow pond or liquid waste containment structure. Lagoons typically are used for the storage of wastewaters. sludges. liquid wastes, or spent nuclear fuel. Landfarm: To apply waste to land or incor- porate waste into the surface soil, such as fertilizer or soil conditioner. This practice commonly is used for disposal of composted wastes and sludges. Landfill: A disposal facility where waste is placed in or on land. Sanitary landfills are disposal sites for non-hazardous solid wastes. The waste is spread in layers, compacted to the smallest practical volume, and covered with soil at the end of each operating day. Secure chemi- cal landfills are disposal sites for hazardous waste. They are designed to rninirnize the chance of release of hazardous substances into the environment [see Resource Conservation and Recovery Act]. Leach, Leaching [v.t]: The process by which soluble chemical components are dis- solved and carried through soil by water or some other percolating liquid. ------- GLOSSARY The 60-day period may be extended if the EPA receives u good faith offer from the PRPs within that penod. [See also Good Faith Offer). On-Scene Coordinator (OSC): The predesignated EPA. Coast Guard, or Depart- ment of Defense official who coordinates and directs Superiund removal actions or Clean Water Act oil- or hazardous-spill corrective actions. Operation and Maintenance: Activities conducted at a site after a cleanup action is completed to ensure that the cleanup or containment system is functioning properly. Organic Chemicals/Compounds: Chemical substances containing mainly carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Outfall: The place where wastewater is discharged into receiving waters. Overpacking: Process used for isolating large volumes of waste by jacketing or encap- sulating waste to prevent further spread or leakage of contaminating materials. Leaking drums may be contained within oversized barrels as an interim measure prior to removal and final disposal. Pentachlorophenol (POP): A synthetic. modified petrochemical that may be used as a wood preservative because of its toxiciry to termites and fungi. It is a common component of creosotes and can cause cancer. Perched (groundwater): Groundwater separated from another underlying body of groundwater by a confining layer, often clay or rock. Percolation: The downward flow or filtering of water or other liquids through subsurface rock or soil layers, usually continuing down- ward to groundwater. Pesticide: A substance or mixture of .sub- stances intended to prevent, destroy, or repel any pest If misused, pesticides can accumulate in the foodcham and contaminate me environment. Petrochemicals: Chemical substances produced from petroleum in refinery operations and as fuel oil residues. These include fluoranthene. chrysene, mineral spirits, and refined oils. Petrochemicals are the bases from which volatile organic compounds (VOCs), plastics, and many pesticides are made. These chemical substances often are toxic to humans and the environment Phenols: Organic compounds that are used in plastics manufacturing and are by-products of petroleum refining, tanning, textile, dye, and resin manufacturing. Phenols are highly poison- ous. Physical Chemical Separation: The treatment process of adding a chemical to u substance to separate the compounds for further treatment or disposal Pilot Testing: A small-scale test of a pro- posed treatment system in the field to determine its ability to clean up specific contaminants. Plugging: The process of stopping the flow or" water, oil. or gas into or out of the ground through a borehole or well penetrating the ground. Plume: A body of contaminated groundwater flowing from a specific source. The movement of the groundwater is influenced by such factors as local groundwater flow patterns, the character of the aquifer in which groundwater is con- tained, and the density of contaminants [see Migration]. Pollution: Generally, the presence of matter or energy whose nature, location, or quantity produces undesired health or environmental effects. ------- GLOSSARY Record of Decision (ROD): A public document that explains which cleanup alternative! s) will be used to clean up sites listed on the NPL. It is based on information generated during the remedial investigation and feasibility study and consideration of public comments and community concerns. Recovery Wells: Wells used to withdraw contaminants or contaminated groundwater. Recycle: The process of minimizing waste generation by recovering usable products that might otherwise become waste. Remedial Action (RA): The actual con- struction or implemenianon phase of a Supcrtund site cleanup following the remedial design [see Cleanup]. Remedial Design: A phase of site cleanup where engineers design the technical specifi- cations for cleanup remedies and technolo- gies. Remedial Investigation: An in-depth study designed to gather the data necessary to determine the nature and extent of contamina- tion at a Superfund site, establish the criteria for cleaning up the site, identify the prelimi- nary alternatives for cleanup actions, and support the technical and cost analyses of the alternatives. The remedial investigation is usually done with the feasibility study. In this volume, the remedial investigation is referred to as a site study [see also Feasibility Study]. Remedial Project Manager (RPM): The EPA or State official responsible for oversee- ing cleanup actions at the site. Remedy Selection: The selection of the final cleanup strategy for the site. At the few sites where the EPA has determined that initial response actions have eliminated site contamination, or that any remaining con- tamination will be naturally dispersed without further ueanup activities, a 'No Action ' remedy is selected [see Record of Decision). Removal Action: Short-term immediate actions taken to address releases of hazardous substances [see Cleanup]. Residual: The amount of a pollutant re- maining in the environment after a natural or technological process has taken place, e.g.. the sludge remaining after initial wastewater treatment, or the paniculates remaining in air after the air passes through a scrubber. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA): A Federal law that established a regulatory system to track hazardous sub- stances from the time of generation to dis- posal. The law requires safe and secure procedures to be used in treating, transport- ing, storing, and disposing of hazardous Substances. RCRA is designed to prevent new, uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. Retention Pond: A small body of liquid used for disposing of wastes and containing overflow from production facilities. Some- times retention ponds are used to expand the capacity of such structures as lagoons the store waste. Runoff: The discharge of water over land into surface water. It can carry pollutants from the air and land and spread contaminants from its source. Scrubber: An air pollution control device that uses a spray of water or reactant or a dry process to trap pollutants in emissions. Sediment: The layer of soil. sand, and minerals at the bottom of surface waters such oi streams, lakes, and rivers, that absorbs contaminants. ------- GLOSSARY Solvent: A substance capable of dissolving another substance to form a .solution. The primary uses of industrial solvents are as cleaners for degreaMng, in paints, and in Pharmaceuticals. Many solvents are flam- mable and toxic to varying degrees. Solvent Extraction: A means of separating hazardous contaminants from soils, sludges, and sediment, thereby reducing the volume of the hazardous waste that must be treated. It generally is used as one in a series of unit operations. An organic chemical is used to dissolve contaminants as opposed to water- based compounds, which usually are used in soil washing. Sorption: The action of soaking up or attracting.substances. It is used in many pollution control systems. Special Notice Letter: [See Notice Let- ter]. Stillbottom: Residues left over from the process of recovering spent solvents. Stripping: A process used to remove volatile contaminants from a substance [see Air Strip- ping]. Sumps: A pit or tank that catches liquid runoff for drainage or disposal. Superfund: The program operated under the legislative authority of the CERCLA and Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) to update and improve environ- mental laws. The program has the authority to respond directly to releases or threatened re- leases of hazardous substances that may endan- ger public health, welfare, or the environment The "Superfund" is a trust fund that finances cleanup actions at hazardous waste sites. Surge Tanks: A holding structure used to absorb irregularities m flow of liquids, including liquid waste materials. Swamp: A type of wetland that is dominated by woody vegetation and does not accumulate peat moss deposits. Swamps may be fresh or saltwater and tidal or non-tidal [see Wetlands]. Thermal Treatment: The use of heat to remove or destroy contaminants from soiL Treatabiliry Studies: Testing a treatment method on contaminated groundwater, soil, etc., to determine whether and how well the method will work. Trichloroethylene (TCE): A stable, color- less liquid with a low boiling point TCE has many industrial applications, including use as a solvent and as a metal degreasing agent TCE may be toxic to people when inhaled, ingested, or through skin contact and can damage vital organs, especially the liver (see Volatile Organic Compounds]. Unilateral [Administrative] Order: [see Administrative Order). Upgradient: An upward hydrologic slope; demarks areas that are higher than contaminated areas and, therefore, are not prone to contamina- tion by the movement of polluted groundwater. Vacuum Extraction: A technology used to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from soils. Vacuum pumps are connected to a series of wells drilled to just above the water table. The wells are sealed tightly at the soil surface, and the vacuum established in the soil draws VOC-contaminated air from the soil pores into the well, as fresh air is drawn down from the surface of the soil. ------- GLOSSARY Some Common Contaminants at NPL Sites Contaminant t Category Exampte Chemical Types Sources Potential Health Threats* Heavy Melais Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Pesticides/ Herbiodes Potycrtlonnated biphenyts (PCBs) Creosotes Radiation (Radiomjciktes} Arsenic, Barium. Beryllium, Cadmium, Cocalt. Copper. Chromium. Lead, Manga- nese. Mercury. Nickel. Silver. Selenium, Zinc Trichloroethviene iTCE). Perchloroetnyiene (PCE). Acetone. Benzene, Ketone, Methyl chloride, Toluene, Vinyl Chloride, Oichlorethylene Chlordane, DDT 4-4. DDE. Heptachlor. Aldrin, Endrm, Atrazme, Dieldrm, Toxa- phene Polyaromatic hydrocar- bons (PAHs), Polynuclear aromatics (PNAs), Phenolic Tars, Pentachlo- rophenol (PCP) Radium-226. Radon. Uranium-235, Uranium- 238 Electroplating, batteries. paint pigments, photogra- phy, smelting, thermom- eters, fluorescent lights, solvent recovery Solvents ana degreasers. gasoline octane ennanc- ers. oils and paints, dry cleaning fluids, chemical manufacturing. Agricultural applications, pesticide and herbicide production Electric transformers and capacitors, insulators and coolants, adhesives, caulking compounds. carbonless copy paper, hydraulic fluids. Wood preserving, fossil fuel combustion Mine tailings, radium products, natural decay of granites Tumors, cancers, and kidney, Drain, neurological, bone and liver damage Cancers. Kidney and liver damage, impairment of the nervous system resulting in sleepiness and headaches, leukemia Various effects ranging from nausea to nervous disorders. Dtoxin is a common by-product of the manufacture of pesti- cides and is both highly toxic and a suspected carcinogen. Cancer and liver damage. | Cancers and skin ulcerations with prolonged exposure Cancer Sources. Toxic Chemicals Glossary of Environmental What They Are. How They Affect You (EPA. Region 5) Terms (EPA, 1988) 'The potential for nsk due to these contaminants is linked to a numoer ol factors: for example, the length and level of exposure and environmental and health factors such as age. ------- |