United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Region 5
77 West Jackson Boulevard
Chicago, Illinois 60604
EPA9Q5-R-94-016
May 1994
Superfund: Progress at
National Priorities List Sites
Minnesota 1994 Update
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May 1994
NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST SITES:
MINNESOTA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5, Library (PL-12J)
77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th FJoof
Chicago, JL 60604-3590
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF SUPERFUND
WASTE MANAGMENT DIVISION
REGION 5
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60604
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
A Brief Overview of Superfund
Streamlining Superfund: The Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model
How Superfund Works
THE VOLUME
Xs
How to use the State Book
A SUMMARY OF THE STATE PROGRAM
THE NPL FACT SHEETS
THE GLOSSARY
Terms used in the NPL Book
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INTRODUCTION
A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF SUPERFUND
During the second half of the Twentieth
Century, the environmental conse-
quences of more than 100 years of industrial-
ization in the United States became increas-
ingly clear. Authors such as Rachel Carson
wrote passionately about the often-hidden en-
vironmental effects of our modern society's
widespread use of chemicals and other haz-
ardous materials. Their audience was small at
first, but gradually their message spread.
Growing concern turned to action, as people
learned more about the environment and be-
gan to act on their knowledge
The 1970s saw environmental issues burst
onto the national scene and take hold in the
national consciousness. The first Earth Day
was observed in 1970, the year that the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was
founded. By the end of the 1970s. Love Canal
in New York and the Valley of the Drums in
Kentucky had entered the popular lexicon as
synonyms for pollution and environmental
degradation.
Superfund Is Established
The industrialization that gave Americans the
world's highest standard of living also created
problems that only a national program could
address. By 1980, the U.S. Congress had
passed numerous environmental laws, imple-
mented by the EPA, but many serious hazard-
ous waste problems were slipping through the
cracks.
Responding to growing concern about public
health and environmental threats from uncon-
trolled releases of hazardous materials, the
U.S. Congress passed the Comprehensive En-
vironmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA). Popularly known as
Superfund, CERCLA had one seemingly
simple job—to uncover and clean up hazard-
ous materials spills and contaminated sites.
A Big Job
Few in Congress, the EPA. the environmen-
tal community, or the general public knew in
19X0 just how big the nation's hazardous ma-
terials problem is. Almost everyone thought
that Superfund would be a short-lived pro-
gram requiring relatively few resources to
clean up at most a few hundred sites. They
were quite mistaken.
As the EPA set to work finding sites and
gauging their potential to harm people and
the environment, the number of sites grew.
Each discovery seemed to lead to another.
and today almost 36,000 hazardous waste
sites have been investigated as potential haz-
ardous waste sites. They are catalogued in
the EPA's computerized database. CERCLIS
(for the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
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INTRODUCTION
sponse, Compensation, and Liability
Information System).
The damage to public health and the
environment that each site in
CERCLIS might cause is evaluated;
many sites have been referred to
State and local governments for
cleanup. The EPA lists the
nation's most serious hazardous
waste sites on the National
Priorities List, or NPL. (These
Superfund sites are eligible for
federally-funded cleanup, but
whenever possible the EPA makes
polluters pay for the contamination
they helped create.) The NPL,now
numbers 1,275 sites, with 50 to 100
added each year. By the end of the
century, the NPL may reach as many
as 2000 sites.
Superfund faces some of the most
complex pollution problems ever
encountered by an environmental
program. Improperly stored or
disposed chemicals and the soil
they contaminate are one concern.
More difficult to correct are the
wetlands and bays, and the
groundwater, lakes, and rivers
often used for drinking water that
are contaminated by chemicals
spreading through the soil or
mixing with storm water runoff.
Toxic vapors contaminate the air at
some sites, threatening the health
of people living and working near
by.
Superfund aims to control immediate
public health and environmental
threats by tackling the worst
problems at the worst sites first.
Wherever possible, Superfund
officials use innovative treatment
techniques many developed or
refined by the EPA to correct
hazardous materials problems once
and for all. Many of the treatment
techniques they use did not exist
when the program was created.
The EPA Administrator had
challenged Superfund to complete
construction necessary for cleanup
work at 200 NPL sites by the end of
the 1992 federal fiscal year. By
September 30, 1992, the end of
fiscal year 1992, construction had
been completed at a total of 149
NPL sites. By September 30, 1993,
the end of fiscal year 1993,
construction had been completed at
217 sites, well in excess of the
Administrator's target of 200. The
Superfund program now projects
completing construction at over 650
sites by the year 2000.
Quick Cleanup at NON-NPL Sites
Long-standing hazardous waste sites
are not Superfund's only concern.
The EPA also responds to hazardous
spillsand other emergencies,
hauling away chemicals for proper
treatment or disposal. Superfund
teams perform"or supervise
responses at rail and motor vehicle
accidents, fires, and other
emergencies involving hazardous
substances. They also evacuate
people living and working near by,
if necessary, and provide clean
drinking water to people whose own
water is contaminated. Removal
crews also post warning signs and
take other precautions to keep
people and animals away from
hazardous substances.
Quick Cleanups, or Removals are not
limited to emergencies. When
cleanup crews at contaminated sites
find hazardous substances that
immediately threaten people or the
environment, they act right away to
reduce the threat or to remove the
chemicals outright. As the EPA
implements the Superfund
Accelerated Cleanup Model (SACM),
more and more sites will undergo
quick cleanups, and many of these
will be cleaned up completely •
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INTRODUCTION
without ever being included on the
NPL. (See "Streamlining Superfund
Accelerated Cleanup Model."}
Some of Superfund's most
significant gains in public health
and environmental protection have
been won by the removal program.
As of October 1, 1993, the
Emergency Response Program in
Region V has lost approximately 500
removal completions since Superfund
was established.
Public Participation
Superfund is unique among federal
programs in its commitment to
citizen participation. Although
the EPA is responsible for
determining how dangerous a site is
and how best to clean it up, the
Agency relies on citizen input as
it makes these decisions.
Probably, the most important
component of any NPL site is public
participation. Community
Involvement has played a
significant role in the development
of cleanup activities at a site.
Although most proposals for cleanup
activities are brought forth by the
agency, it is usually the citizen's
input that gives the "stamp of
approval" on the cleanup plan.
Residents also comment on EPA
cleanup plans by stating their
concerns and preferences at public
meetings and other forums and in
formal written comments to Agency
proposals. The EPA takes and
concerns seriously, and has
modified many proposals in response
to local concerns. For ultimately,
it is the community and its
citizens that will live with the
results of the EPA's decisions and
actions; it is only fair that
citizens participate in the
process.
A Commitment to Communication
The Superfund program is very
serious about public outreach and
communication. Community relations
coordinators are assigned to each
NPL site to help the public
understand the potential hazards
present, as well as, the cleanup
alternatives. Local information
repositories, such as libraries or
other public buildings, have been
established near each NPL site to
ensure that the public has an
opportunity to review all relevant
information and the proposed
cleanup plans. The individual
State volumes contain summary fact
sheets on NPL sites in each State
and territory. Together, the fact
sheets provide a concise report on
site conditions and the progress
made toward site cleanups as of May
1994. The EPA revises these
volumes periodically to provide and
up-to-date record of program
activities. A glossary of terms
relating to hazardous waste
management and Superfund site
cleanup is provided at the back of
this book.
Superfund is, of course, a public
program, and as such it belongs to
everyone of us.
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INTRODUCTION
STREAMLINING SUPERFUND: THE SUPERFUND
ACCELERATED CLEANUP MODEL
Historically, critics and
supporters alike have measured
Superfund's progress by the number
of hazardous waste sites deleted
from the NPL. Although easy enough
to tally, this approach does not
recognize the breadth of risk
reduction attained by Superfund.
First, it doesn't account for the
early remedial actions conducted at
the nations worst hazardous waste
sites, which occurs well before
site deletion. Second, it ignores
the significant contribution to
reducing risks to human health and
the environment by the Removal
Program.
In renewing Superfund's commitment
to quick and early response
actions, EPA has undertaken an
initiative to streamline the
Superfund program. The Superfund
Accelerated Cleanup Model (SACM)
emphasizes the conduct of early
actions, such as drum removal and
source control, while long-term
actions, such as groundwater
contamination are appropriately
studied. In addition, SACM
envisions an integrated site
assessment process whereby the
different Superfund assessments are
integrated into a single process.
Integrated assessments will reduce
the time and resources required to
evaluate a site and assess its
threats to human health and the
environment. This way, immediate
public health and environmental
threats will be addressed while
long-term cleanups are being
planned.
Emergencies such as train
derailments and motor vehicle
accidents will continue to be
handled expeditiously. Teams of
highly trained technicians will
swing into action right away,
coordinating the cleanup and
removal of hazardous substances to
ensure public safety as quickly as
possible.
BREAKING WITH TRADITION
The traditional Superfund process
begins with a lengthy phase of
study and site assessment, but SACM
will save time by combing separate,
yet similar, activities.
Each EPA Region will form a
Regional Decision Team (RDT)
composed of program managers from
the Removal and Remedial program,
the Office of Regional Counsel,
Office of Public Affairs,
Environmental Science Division, and
the States. The RDT will be
responsible for making decisions on
sites based on recommendations by
Site Assessment Teams (SATs). The
SATs are comprised of an RPM, OSC,
SAM, staff attorney, State
representative, and community
relations coordinator. Other
experts such as ecologist and
toxicologists are brought in on the
SATs on an as needed basis. SATs
develop site specific strategies
potentially utilizing Removal (i.e.
early action) and/or Remedial (i.e.
long-term action) statutory
authorities.
In many instances, SATs will
recommend to the RDT the initiation
of a -study for a long-term action
while work begins on an early
action to eliminate an immediate
threat to public health and the
environment.
Early Actions include taking
precautions to keep contaminants
from moving off the site and
restricting access to the site.
Early Actions can eliminate most,
if not all, risk associated with a
Superfund site. Consequently,
early public involvement is
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INTRODUCTION
BREAKING WITH TRADITION
cont'
participation during the site
assessment process and Early
Actions.
LONG-TERM SOLUTIONS
While Early Actions can correct
many hazardous waste problems and
provide the bulk of public health
and environmental protection some
contamination will take longer to
correct. Cleanups of mining sites,
wetlands, estuaries, and projects
involving incineration of
contaminants or restoration of
ground water can take far longer
than the three to five years
envisioned for Early Actions.
Under the SACM paradigm, the
conduct of the long-term cleanup
action will be similar to the
present process.
Also under SACM, the EPA will
continue its pursuit of potentially
responsible parties who may have
caused or contributed to site
contamination. Expedited
enforcement and procedures for
negotiating potentially responsible
party settlements will secure their
participation. Superfund personnel
will continue to oversee clean-up
work performed by potentially
responsible parties.
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INTRODUCTION
HOW SUPERFUND WORKS
Each Superfund site presents a different
set of complex problems. The same haz-
ardous materials and chemicals often con-
taminate many sites, but the details of each
site are different Almost always, soil is con-
taminated with one or more chemicals. Their
vapors may taint the air over and around the
site. Contaminants may travel through the soil
and reach underground aquifers which may be
used for drinking water, or they may spread
over the site to contaminate streams, ponds,
and wetlands. The contaminating chemicals
may interact with each other, presenting even
more complicated cleanup problems.
Superfund's cleanup process is arduous and
exacting. It requires the best efforts of hun-
dreds of experts in science and engineering,
public health, administration and manage-
ment, law, and many other fields.
The average NPL site takes from seven to ten
years to work its way through the system,
from discovery to the start of long-term
cleanup. Actual cleanup work can take years,
decades if contaminated groundwater must
be treated. Of course, imminent threats to
public health or the environment are cor-
rected right away.
The diagram to the right presents a simplified
view of the cleanup process. The major steps
in the Superfund process are:
• Site discovery and investigation to iden-
tify contaminants and determine whether
emergency action is required;
• Emergency site work such as removing
contaminants for proper treatment or dis-
posal, and securing the site to keep people
and animals away, if warranted by condi-
tions at the site;
• Site evaluation to determine how people
living and working nearby, and the envi-
ronment, may be exposed to site contami-
nants;
« Detailed studies to determine whether con-
ditions are serious enough to add the site to
the National Priorities List of sites eligible
for federally funded cleanup under Super-
fund;
• Selection, design, and implementation of a
cleanup plan, after a thorough review of
the most effective cleanup options, given
site conditions, contaminants present, and
their potential threat to public health or the
environment
• Follow-up to ensure that the cleanup work
done at the site continues to be effective
over the long term.
The Superfund Process
From the earliest stages, EPA investigators
work hard to identify those responsible for the
contamination. As their responsibility is es-
tablished, the EPA negotiates with these "re-
sponsible parties" to pay for cleaning up the
problem they helped create. This "enforce-
ment first" policy saves-Superfund Trust Fund
monies for use in cleanups where the respon-
sible parties cannot be identified, or where
they are unable to fund cleanup work.
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THE VOLUME
How to Use the State Book
The Mte tact sheets presented m this book
ore comprenensive summaries that cover
a broad range of information. The fact sheets
describe hazardous waste sites on the NPL and
their locations, as well as the conditions
leading to their listing ("Site Description").
The summaries list the types of contaminants
that have been discovered and related threats
to public and ecological health ('Threats and
Contaminants'"). "Cleanup Approach" pres-
ents an overview of the cleanup activities
completed, underway, or planned. The fact
sheets conclude with a brier synopsis of how
much progress has been made in protecting
public health and the environment. The
summaries also pinpoint other actions, such as
legal efforts to involve polluters responsible
for sue contamination and community con-
cerns.
The fact sheets are arranged in alphabetical
order by site name. Because site cleanup is a
dynamic and gradual process, ail site informa-
tion is accurate as of the date shown on the
bottom of each page. Progress always is being
made at NPL sites, and the EPA periodically
will update the site fact sheets to reflect recent
actions and will publish updated State vol-
umes. The following two pages show a ge-
neric fact sheet and briefly describe the infor-
mation under each section.
How Can You Use
This State Book?
You con use this book to keep informed about
the sites that concern you. particularly ones
close to home. The EPA is committed to
involving the public in the decision making
process associated with hazardous waste
cleanup. The Agency solicits input from area
residents in communities affected by Super-
fund sites. Citizens are likely to be affected
not only by hazardous site conditions, but also
by the remedies that combat them. Site clean-
ups take many forms and can affect communi-
ties in different ways. Local traffic may be
rerouted, residents may be relocated, tempo-
rary water supplies may be necessary.
Definitive information on a site can help
citizens sift through alternatives and make
decisions. To make good choices, you must
know what the threats are and how the EPA
intends to clean up the site. You must under-
stand the cleanup alternatives being proposed
for site cleanup and how residents may be
affected by each one. You also need to have
some idea of how your community intends to
use the site in the future, and you need to know
what the community can realistically expect
once die cleanup is complete.
The EPA wants to develop cleanup methods
that meet community needs, but the Agency
only can take local concerns into account if it
understands what they are. Information must
travel both ways in order for cleanups to be
effective and satisfactory. Please take this
opportunity to learn more, become involved.
and assure that hazardous waste cleanup at
"your" site considers your community's
concerns.
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THE VOLUME
NPL L3T1NG HISTORY
Provides the dares when the
site was Proposed, made Final.
and Deleted tmm the NPL.
SUE RESPONSIBILITY
Identities rhe Federal. State.
and/or potentially responsihlc
panics taxing responsmility
tor deanun actions at the Mtc.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROGRESS
Summarizes the actions to
reduce the threats to nearby
residents and the surrounding
environment and the progress
towards cleaning up the sue.
SITE NAME r-^7,
EPA REGION XX
COUNTY NAME
LOCATION
Threats and Contaminants
Raapons* Action Status
Environmental Prograss
Stta Repository
BBIBBI *1
SITE REPOSITORY
Lists the location ot the primary site repository. The site
repository may include community relations plans, public
meeting announcements and minutes, fact sheets, press
releases, and other site-related documents.
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THE VOLUME
SITE DESCRIPTION
This section describes the locution and history of the site. It includes descrip-
tions of the most recent activities and past actions at the site that have con-
tributed to the contamination. Population estimates, land usages, and nearby
resources give readers background on the local setting surrounding the site.
THREATS AND CONTAMINANTS
The major chemical categories of site contamination are noted, as well as
which environmental resources are affected. Icons representing each of the
affected resources unay include air. groundwater. surface water, soil, and
contamination to environmentally sensitive areas) are included in the margins
of this section. Potential threats to residents and the surrounding environ-
ments arising from the Mte contamination also are described.
CLEANUP APPROACH
This section contains a brief overview of how the site is being cleaned up.
RESPONSE ACTION STATUS
Specific actions that have been accomplished or will be undertaken to clean
up the site are described here. Cleanup activities at NPL sites are divided
into separate phases, depending on the complexity and required actions at the
site. Two major types of cleanup activities often are described: initial,
immediate, or emergency actions to quickly remove or reduce imminent
threats to the community and surrounding areas: and long-term remedial
phases directed at final cleanup at the site. Each stage of the cleanup strategy
is presented in this section of the summary. Icons representing the stage of
the cleanup process (initial actions, site investigations, EPA selection of the
cleanup remedy, engineering design phase, cleanup activities underway, and
completed cleanup) are located in the margin next to each activity descrip-
tion.
SITE FACTS
Additional information on activities and events at the site are included in this
section. Often details on legal or administrative actions taken by the EPA to
achieve site cleanup or other facts pertaining to community involvement with
thesite cleanup process are reponed here.
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A SUMMARY OF THE STATE PROGRAM
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SUPERFUND ACTIVITIES IN MINNESOTA
The State of Minnesota is located within EPA Region 5, which includes the six
midwestern States. The State covers 84,402 square miles. According to the
1990 Census, Minnesota experienced a 7 percent increase in population between
1980 and 1990, and is ranked twentieth in population with
approximately 4,375,000 residents
approximately 4,375,000 residents.
in U.S. population with
The Minnesota Environmental Response & Liability Act (MERLA) of
1983, most recently amended in 1991, establishes funding and
enforcement authority for site cleanup. The Statute grants the
State the authority to compel polluter participation regardless
of fault or amount of contributing pollution, collect civil
penalties, recover the cost of State actions, and allow citizen
suits. The 1991 amendment clarified that lenders are not solely liable for
hazardous waste sites because they are an owner or they have the ability to
influence operations. In practice, the State must encourage polluter
participation first or seek Federal funding before using State funds. In
addition to the 10 percent contribution from the State required by the
Federal Superfund program, the MERLA Fund may be used for all cleanup-related
and operation and maintenance activities, once approved by the Pollution
Control Board. Funding for victim compensation is available through the
Hazardous Substance Injury Compensation Fund. The activities and to receive
their approval of all State actions. Currently, 41 sites in the State of
Minnesota have been listed as final on the NPL; two sites have been deleted.
THE MINNESOTA POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCY
implements the Superfund Program in the State of Minnesota
Facts about the 43 NPL sites in Minnestoa
Immediate Actions (such as removing hazardous substances or restricting site
access) were performed at 22 sites
Fourteen sites endanger sensitive environments
Thirty-six sites are located near residential areas
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I
MINNESOTA
The Potentially Responsible Party Pays...
In the State of Minnesota, potentially responsible parties are paying for or
conducting cleanup activities at 27 sites.
For Further Information on NPL Sites and Hazardous Waste
Waste Programs in the State of Ohio Please Contact:
* EPA Region 5 Office of
Public Affairs
* National Response Center
* Minnesota Pollution
Control Agency:
Groundwater and Solid
Waste Division
* EPA Region 5 Waste
Management Division
* EPA Superfund Hotline
For information concerning
community involvement
To report a hazardous
waste emergency
For information about the
State's responsibility in
the Superfund Program
For information about the
Regional Superfund Program
For information about the
Federal Superfund Program
(312) 353-2072
(800) 424-8802
(612) 296-6605
(312) 353-9419
(800) 424-9068
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ADRIAN MUN
WELL FIELD
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND980904023
EPA REGION 5
Nobles County
Adrian
Site Description
The Adrian Municipal Well Field site, located within the Adrian city limits, is contaminated
with volatile halogenated and non-halogenated organic chemicals, according to tests
conducted by the State. The State has closed the two most highly contaminated city wells
because of the health risk. The City now is using two uncontaminated wells previously slated
to be abandoned due to their age and low capacity. Since contaminants found in Adrian wells
are typical of gasoline contamination, source investigations have focused on a number of
underground storage tanks used to store gasoline and fuel oil. There are nine separate
underground storage tank locations in the vicinity of the Adrian Municipal Well Field. The
source of the contamination appears to be a service station that had visibly leaking
underground storage tanks removed in the past, and possibly, a local glass company. The
underground storage tanks from all but three of the locations have been removed. The
estimated 1987 population of Adrian was 1,305 residents. All households, with one exception,
are connected to a municipal water supply. The nearest residence is approximately two blocks
south of the contaminated area. Several recreational facilities, including a swimming pool, two
ballfields, and a campground, are located between the areas of contamination and the upper
arm of Kanaranzi Creek.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is polluted with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
benzene, toluene, and chloroform. Inhalation of airborne contaminants, and
ingestion and direct contact with contaminated groundwater are potential health
threats; however, it is unlikely since alternative drinking water sources have been
provided to affected residents.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: After installation of activated carbon filtration units, the closed wells
(wells 3 and 4) were temporarily brought back on line from July through
November 1984. During this interim period, two new wells were installed outside
the area of contamination. Well 5 went into production in November 1984, and Well 6 went
into production in 1985. Superfund activity has been completed at this site, and the site was
deleted from the NPL in December 1992. Responsibility for the remaining site cleanup
actions has been transferred to the EPA's Underground Storage Tank program, administered
by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, for contaminated soil removal and area cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The installation of two new wells outside of the area of contamination at the Adrian
Municipal Well Field site has eliminated the potential for exposure to contaminated drinking
water for users of the municipal water system. Final cleanup activities will be conducted
under the EPA Underground Storage Tank program.
Site Repository
Adrian Public Library, 214 Maine Avenue, Adrian, MN 56110
May 1994 ADRIAN MUNICIPAL WELL FIELD
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AGATE LAKE
SCRAPYARD
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND980898068
EPA REGION 5
Cass County
stern shore of Agate Lake,
Fairview Township
Site Description
The Agate Lake Scrapyard covers about 2 acres on the eastern shore of Agate Lake in a
rural area of Fairview Township. The area is used mostly for recreation and residential
purposes. About 480 acres of public forest and adjacent wetland near the northwestern side
of the site are used for hunting. Approximately 33 homes, a small resort, and a golf course
are located across the lake from the site. The Agate Lake Scrapyard operated from 1952 to
1982 as an industrial waste treatment facility. Two homemade furnaces were used to smelt
aluminum, copper, and lead for an unknown time period until the site closed. Transformer
oils and halogenated solvents were used to fuel the furnace. Transformer liquids sometimes
were spilled or drained onto the ground, mainly near the furnaces. A large ash pile from the
furnaces was found in the main transformer storage area. This pile was fenced during cleanup
of the site in the early 1980s. The fencing has been partially removed since that time, which
allows access to the ash pile. Two smaller ash piles that are thought to contain asbestos were
found on the northeastern side of the site. An on-site open dump area along the western side
of the entrance road, just north of a gully, contains bottles, cans, and other trash. The gully
area slopes down toward a wetland area about 10 feet north. Junked automobiles are found
at various locations on the site, about 100 feet from Agate Lake. Lead batteries were
observed in several places. Approximately 1,100 people reside within 3 miles of the site. These
people depend on groundwater as a source of drinking water.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
May 1994
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Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
including trichloroethylene (TCE), benzene, toluene, and methylene chloride. The
soil is contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, furans, and
lead. Exposure to contaminants from soils is most likely through accidental
ingestion, especially by children playing in the area, or by way of inhaling
contaminated soil or ash particles. Swimmers and people fishing may be exposed to
PCBs if they use Agate Lake or the nearby wetlands for recreation. People
consuming fish from the lake may be exposed to health risks.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Interim Actions: Transformers, five drums of transformer oils, and 51 drums of
waste solvents and liquids were removed from the site during two operations in
1983. Two furnaces also were dismantled. In the fall of 1983, approximately 300
cubic yards of contaminated soil were excavated from the main transformer storage area and
were deposited in an on-site gully located west of the site entrance road. The contaminated
soil was mixed with clean soil and revegetated with grass seed. The contaminated ash pile and
the surface soils were disposed of and excavated.
Entire Site: Investigations into the nature and extent of contamination have been
completed by the party potentially responsible for site contamination, under State
monitoring. In 1993, the EPA concurred upon the following remedy that will be
used to clean up the site. Groundwater contamination will be addressed by this decision.
Site Facts: The State of Minnesota issued a Unilateral Administrative Order compelling the
potentially responsible party to perform an investigation of site contamination and to identify
alternative methods for cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The contaminated materials and soils have been removed from the Agate Lake Scrapyard
site, thereby reducing the potential for exposure to hazardous materials while groundwater
remediation continues.
May 1994 AGATE LAKE SCRAPYARD
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Site Repository
Brainerd Public Library, 416 South 5th Street, Brainerd, MN 56401
AGATE LAKE SCRAPYARD
May 1994
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ARROWHEAD
REFINERY
COMPANY
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND980823975
EPA REGION 5
St. Louis County
Hermantown
Other Names:
Arrowhead Ref. Sludge Dspl.
Site Description
The Arrowhead Refinery Company site, which is located in Hermantown near Duluth,
consists of 10 acres of relatively flat land with peaty wetlands scattered across the area.
During the 1940s, the site was used for retinning milk cans. In 1951, however, Arrowhead
began recycling waste oil, which produced a highly acidic, metal-laden sludge. It is estimated
that the operation generated approximately 6,000 cubic yards of waste by-products, which
were discharged into a 2-acre lagoon and a wastewater ditch in a wetland area. The
Arrowhead Refinery Company incorporated in 1961 and continued refining and recycling
operations until 1977, when the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) ordered work
to be stopped. On-site investigations conducted by the EPA in 1979 revealed that on-site
surface water was transporting contaminants to nearby wetlands areas and navigable waters.
Most of the 754 residences within a 3-mile radius of the site use groundwater that could be
affected by the contaminants in the sludge.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, surface water, soils, and sediments are contaminated with volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy
metals such as lead. The sludge lagoon, covering roughly an acre, consists of liquid
sludge approximately 1 1/2 feet deep and up to 7 feet of solid sludge, filter cake
and peat saturated with oil to a depth of at least 4 inches. The contaminated
sludge may pose health risks to individuals or wildlife coming in direct contact with
it. Groundwater beneath the site is contaminated, but the contamination has not
yet affected the private water wells near the site. The area is fenced to prevent
public access to the site.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: an immediate action and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Action: A surface water diversion ditch was constructed in 1980 by
the Coast Guard and the EPA to prevent further contaminant migration, and a
fence was installed in 1990.
Entire Site: In 1986, the EPA selected the following remedies to address the site
contamination: excavation and on-site incineration of 4,600 cubic yards of sludge
and 39,400 cubic yards of contaminated soils and sediments; groundwater
extraction and treatment to restore the aquifer and control contaminant migration over a 25
to 50-year period; extension of a nearby municipal water supply system to replace those
private water supplies most likely to be affected by groundwater contamination; and proper
plugging and abandonment of individual wells formerly used as drinking water supplies in
accordance with State well codes. Under EPA monitoring, the potentially responsible parties
designed the technical specifications for the construction of the Hermantown water main
extension. Construction of the water main extension was completed in late 1990. Construction
of the extraction and treatment system was completed in 1992. The State, and the PRPs
conducted a number of treatability studies in order to find a less costly and more
environmentally friendly alternative to incineration. As a result of these efforts, the Record
of Decision (ROD) was amended on February 9, 1994. The sludge and filter cake will be re-
refined and sold as off-spill level oil. The soil, where lead is the principal contaminant, will be
excavated and placed in a landfill. The site will be back filled with clean soil and closed.
Completion of this work is expected by the end of 1995.
Site Facts: In March 1990, the EPA issued a Unilateral Administrative Order to several
potentially responsible parties, directing them to implement the groundwater cleanup actions.
In May 1990, the EPA issued special notice letters to several parties informing them of their
liability for the waste sludge and instructing them to begin the process of negotiating a three-
party Consent Decree with the EPA and the State for cleanup of the sludge. No agreement
was reached during the negotiations. Subsequent to the Amendment to the ROD, RD/RA
negotiations are taking place.
Environmental Progress
Construction of the surface water diversion ditch, extension of the Hermantown water main,
and installation of the fence have greatly reduced the potential for contact with contaminated
materials at the Arrowhead Refinery Company while cleanup activities are underway.
May 1994 ARROWHEAD REFINERY COMPANY
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Site Repository
Duluth Public Library, 520 West Superior Street, Duluth, MN 55802
ARROWHEAD REFINERY COMPANY
May 1994
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BOISE CASC
OMAN CORP.
MEDTRONICS
MINNESOTA
EPAID# MND053417515
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Anoka County
Fridley
Other Names:
National Pole Treating Company
The Boise Cascade/Onan Corp./Medtronics, Inc. site covers 183 acres in Fridley. The
National Pole and Treating Company, later the Minnesota and Ontario Paper Company,
treated wood from 1921 until 1961 at this location. Operations at the site first used creosote
to treat wood for railroad ties and for utility poles. The company began using
pentachlorophenol (PCP) to treat its wood products in 1958 and continued this practice until
1961, when all operations stopped. In 1964, the Minnesota and Ontario Paper Company and
the National Pole Treating Company were purchased and merged into the Boise Cascade
Company. The Onan Corporation acquired 133 acres of the Boise Cascade property, and
Medtronic Corporation purchased the remaining 50 acres. Both of these new owners built
commercial and manufacturing facilities on the site. In 1979, Onan and Medtronic uncovered
large quantities of creosote from past treatment operations. Approximately 3,000 people live
within a mile of the site. Several residences are located within 500 feet of the site. Two
elementary schools and several small urban parks are located within a mile of the site.
Groundwater contamination from this site is a major concern, because the towns of Fridley
and Moundsview use water drawn from municipal wells located near the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
ZE
The EPA detected high levels of organics including creosote and phenols in on-site
groundwater monitoring wells. Sediments and soils throughout the site also
contained these same contaminants. Sampling of all contaminated areas has
indicated that the contaminants either have been removed from the site or
confined within a containment vault built at the site.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Work was completed in 1986 at both properties on the site to
address the contamination problems. The work included: excavating and disposing
of contaminated soil; filling in the excavated areas with clean soil; removing and
treating contaminated groundwater at the site; constructing a fence around the site; and
monitoring the air and surface water within the site vicinity. Long-term monitoring of the
vault constructed on the site to contain contaminated materials is planned.
Site Facts: In 1984, Medtronic entered into a Consent Decree with the State to help pay
the cost of addressing contamination of its part of the site. Onan Corporation, Boise
Cascade, and two railroad companies went to court to decide their individual responsibility
and an acceptable solution to contamination of the property.
Environmental Progress
All the cleanup work at the Boise Cascade site has been completed, and the EPA is
continuing to monitor the air and surface water. The containment vault also will be
monitored to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the remedies selected for the site.
Site Repository
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155
May 1994 BOISE CASCADE/ ONAN CORP./
MEDTRONICS, INC.
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BURLINGTON
NORTHERN
(BRAINERD/B
PLANT)
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND000686196
EPA REGION 5
Crow Wing County
Brainerd
Site Description
The Burlington Northern (Brainerd/Baxter Plant) site is a 70-acre facility that preserved
railroad ties with creosote and is located in the Baxter/Brainerd area. Burlington Northern
operated the railroad tie treatment plant between 1907 and 1985. During the 1950s,
Burlington Northern began mixing creosote, a preserver, with number five fuel oil. At some
undetermined time, the mixture was changed to creosote and coal tar. Waste water generated
from the wood treating process was sent to two shallow, unlined surface impoundments for
disposal. The discharge of wastewater to the disposal ponds generated a sludge that
contaminated both the underlying soils and groundwater. The original pond was abandoned in
the 1930s and was covered. The second pond was used until the fall of 1982, when a
wastewater pre-treatment plant became operational. The effluent from the pre-treatment
plant was discharged to the local municipal sewage collection system. The Mississippi River
flows about 3,000 feet east of the plant, and residential areas are located to the northeast
and southeast, less than 1,000 feet from the site. Six private water supply wells are within a
1/2-mile radius of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/16/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater downgradient of the site is contaminated with carcinogenic and non-
carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Heavy metal contamination
also has been detected in groundwater samples. PAHs have migrated into the
surrounding soils from the contaminated wastewater and sludge. Access to the
railroad tie treatment plant is restricted; therefore, it is not likely that the general
public would enter the installation. Prior to the initiation of the cleanup activities,
workers at the site could have been exposed to the contaminants through direct
contact with contaminated soil, sludge, or groundwater or by inhaling dust when
contaminated soil or sludge was disturbed. The Mississippi River will be sampled
periodically for contamination from the site.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1985, the EPA selected the following cleanup remedies for the
site: preparation of a lined staging area for temporary storage of the sludge and
contaminated soil; removal of all standing water in the impoundment; excavation
and segregation of the sludges for subsequent free oil recovery; and excavation of visibly
contaminated soil from both impoundments and subsequent storage in the staging area. A
fence was installed around the land treatment area in 1987. The excavated areas will be
backfilled and covered. A sump for collection of the stormwater and leachate will be installed,
and bioremediation of soil and the installation of an irrigation system also will be carried out.
After the treatment process has been completed, a cover will be installed over the site. The
EPA currently is conducting soil and groundwater cleanup activities on the site. The
groundwater is being treated through a gradient control system that has been installed on
site. Any water discharged to the river will be regulated by Federal and State permits. The
soil bioremediation is taking place. The final goal of treatment by bioremediation is the
transformation and immobilization of waste constituents in soil into non-toxic materials.
Site Facts: A Consent Agreement was signed in April 1985 between the EPA and
Burlington Northern. Burlington Northern is carrying out the site cleanup at its own expense.
In addition, the company will reimburse the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and the
EPA for expenses incurred in connection with past and future investigations.
Environmental Progress
The potential for exposure to hazardous wastes continues to diminish as cleanup activities at
the Burlington Northern site continue. The EPA has determined that the site does not pose
an imminent threat to the surrounding population or the environment while the groundwater
gradient control treatment system is in operation and the other cleanup activites are
underway.
Site Repository
Brainerd Public Library, 206 North 7th Street, Brainerd, MN 56401
May 1994 BURLINGTON NORTHERN
(BRAINERD/BAXTER PLANT)
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DAKHUE
LANDFILL
MINNESOTA
EPAID* MND981191570
EPA REGION 5
Dakota County
les north of Cannon Falls
Site Description
The Dakhue Sanitary Landfill, covering approximately 80 acres, is a privately owned and
State-permitted sanitary landfill that has operated since 1971 in Cannon Falls. Prior to 1971,
the land within the site boundary was undeveloped. Since opening, the landfill has been used
for the disposal of mixed municipal and commercial waste and small amounts of industrial
waste. The landfill was open on a part-time basis until 1973, when operations were extended
to six days a week. The exact quantity and disposal area of hazardous substances is unknown.
The area surrounding the site consists mainly of single family dwellings or farms. Residential
drinking water supply wells, municipal water supply wells, and irrigation wells draw
groundwater from a shallow aquifer and from the hydraulically connected aquifers beneath it.
Approximately 650 people use the aquifer as the primary source of drinking water within a 3-
mile radius of the site, and about 6,600 acres of major cropland are irrigated with water from
the aquifer. Pine Creek, 3/4 mile south of the site, and the Cannon River, 2 3/4 miles south
of the site, are used for recreational purposes.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/26/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
chloroform, and heavy metals including cadmium and lead. People could be
exposed to potential health threats by drinking the contaminated groundwater or
by eating food crops that have been irrigated with the contaminated groundwater.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach —
The site is being addressed in three stages: interim actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on source control and cleanup of the groundwater.
Response Action Status
Interim Actions: Interim erosion control measures were completed in June 1990.
Areas where garbage was exposed were filled in, and a trench was dug around the
site to direct surface water into catch basins.
Source Control: Under the supervision of the State of Minnesota, a study was
conducted by the potentially responsible parties to determine the source of the
contamination and to identify cleanup actions to control the source. In 1991, the
EPA decided to install a solid waste cap over the landfill as well as a leachate collection
system. These cleanup actions were completed in 1992.
Groundwater: An investigation into the nature and extent of the groundwater
contamination began in 1990. The investigation was completed in 1992. The
Record of Decision was signed in June 1993. EPA and the State have decided to
monitor the groundwater on-site and let the aquifer remediate itself through the natural
biodegradation process.
Site Facts: The State amended the landfill permit in 1983, and, in 1984, it issued a notice to
the facility for violation of the amended permit. In 1984, the State and the potentially
responsible party entered into a Consent Order requiring the party to conduct the
investigation into the nature and extent of contamination at the site and to recommend
alternatives for final cleanup.
Environmental Progress
Interim measures to control the movement of contamination from the Dakhue Sanitary
Landfill site have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials on and around
the site. A Subtitle D solid waste landfill cap has been constructed, and two monitoring wells
have been installed.
Site Repository
Cannon Falls Library, 306 West Mill Street, Cannon Falls, MN 55009
May 1994
DAKHUE SANITARY LANDFILL
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EAST BETHE
DEMOLITION
LANDFILL
MINNESOTA
EPAID* MND981088180
A REGION 5
Anoka County
East Bethel
Other Names:
East Bethel Sanitary Landfill
Site Description
The East Bethel Demolition Landfill site is a 60-acre landfill located in the City of East
Bethel, 1 mile east of Highway 65. The site operated as an unpermitted solid waste disposal
facility from 1969 to 1971. In the fall of 1971, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
(MFCA) issued a solid waste disposal facility permit for the site, which was amended in 1985.
The site currently accepts only demolition waste and a small amount of municipal waste.
According to information provided by representatives of the landfill, the majority of
hazardous waste was accepted between 1969 and 1976. MPCA files indicate that the
equivalent of approximately 4,400 drums of hazardous industrial wastes and contaminated
soils were buried in the landfill in 1974. Hazardous industrial wastes reported to have been
disposed of at the site include cleaning solvents, waste inks, caustics and acids, paint, waste
oils, thinner, dry cleaning solvents, liquids with a strong chemical odor, small transformers,
and 8-ounce cans of ether. The landfill is located on the Anoka Sand Plain, a shallow sand
aquifer that provides drinking water to some residents in the area. The aquifer is
contaminated; however, the majority of residents use a deeper aquifer for drinking water.
Approximately 3,400 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site, with about 300 who use
private wells living within 1 mile. The two closest residences are about 1,500 feet southwest of
the landfill. A growing subdivision begins about 2,000 feet southwest of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/18/85
Final Date: 06/10/86
May 1994
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Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been identified in groundwater from the
shallow aquifer. Two wells on the western and southern borders of the landfill area are
the most heavily contaminated with VOCs. Several other compounds have been detected
in the two most contaminated wells, including the heavy metals arsenic, barium, cadmium,
mercury, and lead. Porycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) also were detected in these
wells. On-site soils have been found to be contaminated with VOCs including toluene and
vinyl chloride. Potential health risks may exist for those accidentally ingesting, coming into
direct contact with, or inhaling volatilized contaminants from the contaminated
groundwater or soil. The areas to the west and southeast are marshy wetlands, and Ned's
Lake lies 1,000 feet to the south; both the wetlands and Ned's Lake may be threatened
from site contaminants.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed as two long-term remedial phases directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The State has completed an investigation to determine the nature and
extent of contamination at the site, the feasibility of site cleanup alternatives, and in 1993
selected the most appropriate cleanup alternative for groundwater contamination. The
cleanup alternative for the landfill cover will be selected in 1995.
Environmental Progress
The EPA performed a preliminary investigation and determined that there are no immediate threats
to the surrounding community or the environment while the investigations leading to the final remedy
selections are taking place.
Site Repository
East Bethel City Hall, 2241 221st Avenue, Northeast Cedar, MN 55011
May 1994 EAST BETHEL DEMOLITION LANDFILL
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FMC CORP.
(FRIDLEY
MINNESOTA
EPAID# MND006481543
Friday
EPA REGION 5
Hennepin County
about 1,000 feet east
the Mississippi River
Other Names:
FMC Corp. NIROP-U.S. Navy
Site Description
The 18-acre FMC Corp. site combines two areas in Fridley, referred to as the FMC lands
and the Burlington Northern Railroad Company lands, 13 acres and 5 acres in size,
respectively. Both areas are located immediately south of the FMC Ordnance Plant. From
1941 until 1964, the site operated as a naval ordnance manufacturing complex. From about
1945 to 1969, a tract of land south of the manufacturing complex was used for the burning
and disposal of wastes, including plating wastes, paint, paint sludges, oils, bottom ash, and
chlorinated and non-chlorinated solvents. An 11-acre unlined landfill on the site was used for
the disposal of hazardous wastes. Records indicate that solvents and sludges were dumped
directly into unlined pits and burned or buried. Disposal at the site was discontinued in 1969.
There are approximately 200,000 people living within 3 miles of the site. This population
receives drinking water from wells extended into the bedrock aquifer. The City of
Minneapolis has a drinking water supply intake on the river 1,500 feet downstream of the
site. The drinking water plant supplies about 500,000 people.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/16/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
trichloroethylene (TCE) and benzene. Soil was contaminated with TCE and
benzene. TCE was detected in high concentrations near the Mississippi River and
probably contributed to the detection of VOCs in the Minneapolis drinking water
supply intake. The main health risk of concern to people is from drinking
contaminated groundwater. There are no private drinking water wells in the area
and the industrial wells are not contaminated. Therefore, area residents are not
directly exposed to groundwater contamination from the site.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, the party potentially responsible for the site
contamination, under EPA and State supervision, excavated approximately 38,600
cubic yards of contaminated soil and placed it in a secure containment and
treatment facility constructed on site. Drummed waste that was found in isolated areas on the
site was excavated, overpacked, sampled, and disposed of at an off-site approved landfill. A
gas extraction and treatment system was constructed to gradually reduce the levels of
contamination in the soil in the containment and treatment facility. Excavated areas were
restored and revegetated. In a separate action, and during the same year, additional
contaminated soil was excavated and placed in the on-site containment and treatment facility.
Entire Site: The cleanup methods selected to address groundwater contamination
included: groundwater extraction and treatment with discharge to a sanitary sewer
system; groundwater monitoring to assure effectiveness of the extraction and
treatment; and implementation of land use restrictions to stop the use of contaminated
groundwater between the site and the Mississippi River. The potentially responsible party
constructed the groundwater treatment system, which has been in operation since 1987. A
secure cover was placed on the on-site containment and treatment facility to stop ongoing
groundwater contamination, and the on-site containment and treatment facility areas have
been enclosed by an 8-foot-high chain-link fence. Groundwater treatment will continue until
established cleanup goals for the site are met.
Site Facts: In 1983, the potentially responsible party, the State, and the EPA entered into
an agreement that required the potentially responsible party to construct a large clay-lined
containment and treatment facility on an uncontaminated portion of the site for placement of
about 38,600 cubic yards of contaminated soils excavated from the site. The party also agreed
to conduct the study to determine the nature and extent of groundwater contamination at the
site and to recommend alternatives for final groundwater cleanup. The recommended
alternative was documented in 1987 Record of Decision.
Environmental Progress
Extraction and treatment of contaminated groundwater is underway. Removing contaminated
soil and continued operation of the on-site containment and treatment facility will help
prevent further contamination of groundwater. These actions have reduced the threat of
exposure to contaminants while operation of the groundwater treatment system continues.
May 1994 FMC CORP. (FRIDLEY PLANT)
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Site Repository
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155
FMC CORP. (FRIDLEY PLANT)
May 1994
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FREEWAY SA
LANDFILL
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND038384004
EPA REGION 5
Dakota County
Burnsville
Site Description
The Freeway Sanitary Landfill site covers 126 acres in Burnsville. Since 1971, the Minnesota
Pollution Control Agency licensed the landfill to accept 1,962 acre-feet of household,
commercial, demolition, and non-hazardous industrial wastes. The State permit prohibited the
disposal of liquids and hazardous wastes. However, heavy metals, acids, and bases were
accepted by the landfill from local industries. The landfill also accepted 200 cubic yards of
battery casings and 448 tons of aluminum sweat furnace slag. In 1984, volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals were detected in the groundwater. The owner has
installed a cover over the landfill. Burnsville's municipal wells are located about 4,000 feet to
the south of the landfill. These wells serve approximately 36,000 people. Two quarries are
located nearby. Surface water runoff drains from the site into the Minnesota River, about
400 feet from the landfill.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/18/85
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains VOCs such as benzene, ethyl benzene, and xylene and
heavy metals including arsenic, chromium, copper, lead, and manganese. Exposure
to contaminated groundwater is possible if the pollutants migrate to the Burnsville
municipal well field. Water beneath the landfill discharges into the Minnesota
River. Wildlife in and around the river may be harmed by the contaminants.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire site: The entire plume beneath the landfill is being captured by two
groundwater depression pumps by an adjacent site. Volatiles are being stripped
off and metals haven't been detected in the surface water. The two pumps
operate on a 24 hour cycle with a third pump used as a backup. The backup pump is capable
of capturing the entire plume by itself.
Site Facts: The State is continuing to gather information on specific facilities and former
landfill operators to identify potentially responsible parties.
Environmental Progress
A supplemental remedial investigation has been completed and feasibility study and Record
of Decision is scheduled to be completed by the third quarter 1994.
Site Repository
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155
May 1994
FREEWAY SANITARY LANDFILL
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GENERAL
MILLS/HEN
CORPORATI
MINNESOTA
EPAID* MND051441731
EPA REGION 5
Hennepin County
Minneapolis
Other Names:
ech Center Research Lab
Henkel Tech Center
Site Description
The General Mills/Henkel Corporation site is located in an industrial section of Minneapolis.
General Mills operated a technical center and research laboratories at the site from 1930
through 1977. Food research was conducted until 1947, when chemical research began. From
1947 to 1962, solvents were disposed of in a soil adsorption pit and are believed to be
contained in three buried, perforated 55-gallon drums, stacked one on top of another, with
the deepest drum 10 to 12 feet below the ground surface. Approximately 1,000 gallons of
solvents per year were disposed of in this manner. The soil and the aquifers are
contaminated. Although the site is in an industrial section of Minneapolis, approximately
4,900 people live within 1 mile of the property. Access to the site is restricted. All residences
and businesses in the area are connected to the municipal water system. This water is
obtained from the Mississippi River north of the city.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
trichlorethylene, benzene, chloroform, toluene, and xylenes. Soil was contaminated
with VOCs. People who came in direct contact with or accidentally ingest
contaminated groundwater may be at risk; however, exposure is unlikely as access
to the site is restricted while treatment continues.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Interim Actions: General Mills installed wells to pump the water out of the
contaminated aquifers and treat it by air stripping in 1985. Air is forced through
the water and blows the contaminants out. The air is then treated before being
released into the atmosphere. The treated water is discharged into the municipal sewer
system. The groundwater is being monitored to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment.
Entire Site: The State conducted an investigation of the groundwater and soil
contamination. Cleanup began in 1985 and involves continuing the extraction and
treatment of the groundwater. The on-site contaminated groundwater is pumped
to an air stripper, then discharged into the Minneapolis storm sewer network. The offsite
contaminated groundwater is pumped directly to the Minneapolis storm sewer network. The
State has issued discharge permits for all activities. In 1992, the offsite groundwater pumping
system was expanded. The contaminates in the groundwater have been decreasing since the
pump and treatment system has begun. It may take as long as 20 years to reach the cleanup
goal. No further cleanup of the soil is required; sampling showed that soil contamination has
migrated into the groundwater and no longer poses a threat.
Site Facts: An Interim Close Out report is being prepared and once executed, the site will
go into long-term response action. A five year review will occur to ensure the long-term
effectiveness of the site remedy.
Environmental Progress
By extracting and treating the contaminated groundwater, the potential for exposure to
hazardous materials at the General Mills/Henkel site has been reduced while cleanup
continues.
Site Repository
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155
May 1994 GENERAL MILLS/HENKEL CORPORATION
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JOSLYN
MANUFACT
& SUPPLY C
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND044799856
EPA REGION 5
Hennepin County
Brooklyn Center
Other Names:
>slyn Wood Products Plant
Site Description
The Joslyn Manufacturing & Supply Company site covers 30 acres in Brooklyn Center. From
the 1920s until 1980, a wood treating facility was operated at the site where creosote,
pentachlorophenol (PCP), and a copper-arsenic solution were used. In 1944, this facility
discharged its wastewater into a marshy area connected to Twin Lakes. Later, an unlined lagoon
adjacent to the marsh was used. In 1976, about 216,000 gallons of oil were discharged into the
lagoon. Waste sludge also was buried on site. Approximately 800 people live within 1/2 mile of
the site. The surrounding area is both light industrial and residential. Surface water runoff from
the site drains into Shingle Creek, which empties into the Mississippi River. Twin Lakes is used
for swimming, boating, and fishing.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soils are contaminated with PCPs, creosote, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs), and oil. Because groundwater flow in the area is to the east,
away from Twin Lakes, the lakes are not affected by the site. Sampling of the lakes
has confirmed this. Area drinking water is not affected, since residences are
connected to the city water system.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
May 1994
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Response Action Status
Interim Actions: Joslyn removed about 30,000 gallons of wood treating solutions
in 1981 and 65,000 gallons of sludge in 1982. These wastes were transported to a
federally approved facility. In 1986, Joslyn fenced the entire site area, and the
company connected six properties to the city water supply.
Entire Site: In 1989, the State selected a remedy for site cleanup, now being
conducted by Joslyn, which includes extracting the groundwater and discharging it to
the sanitary sewer system where it is treated. Before the water is discharged to the
sewer system, water and oil mixtures are first sent through an on-site treatment system to
remove the oil. It is estimated the groundwater extraction and treatment will continue for 30
years. In addition, Joslyn is cleaning the soil through bioremediation. This involves thinly
spreading contaminated soil over a specially engineered area on the site, adding water and
nutrients, periodically tilling the area, and allowing the soil bacteria, with help from the applied
water and nutrients, to break down the contaminants into non-hazardous constituents. This
process began in 1989 and will take approximately 6 years to complete.
Site Facts: In 1985, the State and Joslyn signed a Consent Order whereby the company agreed
to clean up the site.
Environmental Progress
The removal of the most highly contaminated soils, operation of the groundwater pump and
treat system, and installation of the fence have significantly reduced the possibility of exposure
to hazardous materials on the site while the final cleanup activities are taking place at the Joslyn
Manufacturing site.
Site Repository
Southdale Public Library, 7001 York Avenue South, Edina, MN 55435
May 1994 JOSLYN MANUFACTURING &
SUPPLY COMPANY
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KOCH
COMPANY/
N-REN CORP.
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND000686071
EPA REGION 5
Dakota County
Rosemount
Site Description
The Koch Refining Company/N-Ren Corp. site covers 1,200 acres in the Pine Bend industrial
district of Rosemount. The site includes the refinery and adjacent properties owned by Koch.
The Great Northern Refining Company began refining oil on this site in 1955. In 1969, the
refinery was sold to Koch, which has expanded refining capacity from 25,000 barrels to
160,000 barrels per day. The refinery receives crude oil by pipeline and barge; the crude oil is
then refined into gasoline, jet fuel, heating oil, kerosene, diesel fuel, boiler fuel, asphalt,
petroleum coke, sulfur, carbon dioxide, butane, and propane. Product spills have been
recorded in the storage tank area on the site since the early 1970s. The State sampled water
from six private wells near the refinery and found them to be contaminated with volatile
organic compounds (VOCs). A section of gasoline pipeline running from the tank farms to
the barge dock on the Mississippi River had corroded, but was replaced. This pipeline is
believed to be the source of groundwater and soil contamination at the site. Approximately
60 people live within 1 mile of the refinery. About 1,600 people, as well as a school with
2,600 students, use wells within 3 miles of the site for drinking water. Four miles north of the
site is Inver Grove Heights, with a population of about 16,100. There is a population of about
6,800 people to the south of the site. Four people living in two homes east of the refinery are
being supplied with bottled water due to well contamination.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contaminants include VOCs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs), phenols, and lead. Soil also is contaminated with VOCs including
benzene, toluene, and xylenes as well as PAHs. Drinking water for the employees
on the site is obtained from deep bedrock production wells that are not
contaminated. People who directly contact or accidentally ingest contaminated soils
may be at risk.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of
groundwater and of the vadose zone soils.
Response Action Status
Groundwater: Koch, under state supervision, completed an investigation on the
type and extent of contamination at the site. Recommended cleanup remedies for
groundwater includes gradient control by groundwater extraction and treatment
and product recovery.
Vadose Zone Soils: Koch, under state supervision, is conducting an investigation
to determine the type and extent of soil contamination in the Vadose Zone at the
site. The Vadose Zone is the layer of subsurface water just above the groundwater
table. The investigation was completed, December 1993. Alternatives will be selected for site
cleanup.
Site Facts: In 1985, the State entered into a Consent Agreement with Koch Refining
Company, whereby the company agreed to clean up the site.
Environmental Progress
The EPA conducted preliminary evaluations of the site conditions and determined that no
immediate threat is posed to the surrounding communities or the environment while the
investigations leading to the selection of the final cleanup remedies are taking place.
Site Repository
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155
May 1994 KOCH REFINING COMPANY/
N-REN CORP.
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KOPPERS
COKE
MINNESOTA
EPA ID#MND000819359
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Ramsey County
St. Paul
Other Names:
Minnesota Coke Plant
Koppers Company, Inc.
The Koppers Coke site covers 45 acres in the Midway area of St. Paul. The facility operated
from 1911 until 1978, producing coke, coal tars, and coal tar distillates from the coking of
coal. Coke plant wastes were disposed of in unlined earthen pits. In addition, contamination
of soils from coal tar distillates and naphtha and benzene wash has occurred. Numerous tanks
and valves leaked over the years, causing additional coal tar distillate to migrate to the
shallow groundwater table. The company demolished all standing structures and removed
storage tanks in 1981. The site was acquired in 1981 by the Port Authority for the St. Paul
Energy Park. Office and light industrial buildings now occupy the site. Approximately 15,400
residents live within 1 mile of the site. The nearest residence is 100 feet away, and Como
Park, a recreational facility, is 3/4 mile from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/22/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), heavy
metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and phenols. Because all local
residences are connected to the municipal water supply, the private wells are not
used for drinking water. However, these wells occasionally are used for lawn and
garden irrigation. There is a potential for people to be exposed to contaminants
by eating vegetables that have been irrigated with the contaminated groundwater.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Interim Actions: In the fall of 1982, about 240,000 gallons of residue in 20 tanks
were disposed of by Koppers in a federally approved facility. Approximately
21,600 cubic yards of contaminated soils were excavated and disposed of. The
entire site was covered with clean fill. Soils found in pits too deep to be totally excavated
were partially excavated and backfilled with clean soil. They were then covered with clay and
additional clean fill, and a second layer of clay was installed.
Entire Site: Koppers began an investigation to determine the type and extent of
contamination at the site in 1989. Upon completion of the investigation, the State
reviewed the recommended cleanup alternatives and issued a proposal plan. The
State reached a decision on final cleanup actions in March 1994. The remedy involved in-situ
groundwater bioremediation.
Site Facts: In 1978, the State and Koppers signed a Stipulation Agreement that required the
plant to shut down and required Koppers to conduct an investigation of soil and groundwater
contamination.
Environmental Progress
Most, if not all, of the contaminated residue and soils have been excavated and disposed of at
an approved disposal facility. Through these actions and the installation of the cover over the
site, the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Koppers Coke facility has been
reduced. Further studies are currently underway that will result in the selection of the final
cleanup actions for the site.
Site Repository
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155
May 1994 KOPPERS COKE
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KUMMER SA
LANDFILL
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND980904049
EPA REGION 5
Beltrami County
Northern Township
Site Description
The Kummer Sanitary Landfill site in Northern Township covers 35 acres on a 40-acre parcel
of land, which includes the Kummer residence. The site was a privately owned and operated
solid waste landfill from 1971 until 1984, accepting mixed municipal wastes. Landfill
operations consisted of excavating trenches, filling them with waste materials, and covering
the fill with on-site sand and gravel deposits. The trenches may have been excavated to the
water table and the wastes placed in direct contact with the groundwater. Beginning in 1974,
demolition debris consisting of fly ash and sawdust was disposed of on site. There is a history
of violations such as improper covering of the debris, garbage blowing from the site, and
improper grading. In 1982 and 1983, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA)
sampled groundwater from on-site monitoring wells and found the water to be contaminated
with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Residential wells downgradient from the site were
found to be contaminated the following year, and subsequently, in 1985, the landfill was
closed. Northern Township has a population of about 4,100 people. A trailer park is about
1,500 feet away from the landfill, and a residential area is about 1,000 feet away, with both
areas housing approximately 1,000 people. An estimated 14,700 people use wells that draw on
two aquifers within 3 miles of the site. The City uses groundwater for its municipal water
supply, and those wells are within 1/4 mile upgradient of the landfill. There are numerous
wetlands and lakes in the area of the site, including Lake Bemidji, which is a mile away.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater underlying the site contains VOCs including vinyl chloride, xylenes,
carbon tetrachloride, and naphthalene from the landfill wastes. People who use or
come into contact with contaminated groundwater may be at risk. There is the
potential for contaminants from the landfill to leach into Lake Bemidji or the
wetlands area. Wildlife in and around the lake and wetlands may be harmed by
pollutants.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three long-term remedial phases directed at supplying an
alternate water source, controlling the source of contamination, and cleanup of the
groundwater.
Response Action Status
Alternate Water Supply: In 1985, the EPA selected a remedy to provide
alternate water to affected residents by constructing a connecting well tapping into
the deep uncontaminated aquifer, connecting into the City of Bemidji's main water
line, and installing a water distribution system. The well installation and distribution system
was completed in 1991. The State connected the affected residences to the municipal water
supply. However, some residents have refused connection.
Source Control: In 1988, the EPA selected a remedy to control the source of
the contamination by: grading the site and consolidating the soil and other waste
material; placing a sloping foundation layer of natural soil fill; covering the landfill
with clay or synthetic material and a drainage layer with a soil and vegetative cover;
establishing deed restrictions to limit the future use of the site; fencing the site; and
monitoring the groundwater and landfill gas to ensure the effectiveness of the cleanup. The
State designed the technical specifications for the cleanup actions, and the cleanup activities
began in 1990. Cleanup activities are expected to be completed in 1995.
Groundwater: EPA will complete its final design of the advanced oxidation
process for the cleanup of the contaminated groundwater by July 1994.
Site Facts: In 1985, the EPA and the State signed a Cooperative Agreement, whereby the
State will investigate and clean up the site. In addition, the agreement provided for the
funding of an alternate water supply for residents with contaminated wells.
Environmental Progress
The PRPs entered into a Consent Decree with EPA on March 1, 1994. The settlement
provides for the recovery of past and future costs.
Site Repository
Northern Township Town Hall, 445 Town Hall Road Northwest, Bemidji, MN 56601
May 1994
KUMMER SANITARY LANDFILL
-------
KURT
MANUFACTU
COMPANY
MINNESOTA
EPAID# MND059680165
1PA
REGION 5
Anoka County
Fridley
Site Description
The Kurt Manufacturing Company site covers 10 acres in Fridley. The company has been
operating since 1960, producing precision computer components. Solvent-coated metal
shavings from the machining area were placed in a storage bin located near the loading dock.
In 1982, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) found two company production
wells to be contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs); later that year, monitoring
wells were installed at the site. Results of groundwater sampling showed the shallow
groundwater near the loading dock was contaminated. The State determined the metal
shavings bin sump was the source of the contamination. The site is in an industrial,
commercial, and residential area. Over 163,000 people live within 3 miles of the site. The
company is located a mile from the Mississippi River.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs including tetrachloroethylene and
trichloroethane. Direct contact or accidental ingestion of contaminated
groundwater or soil may pose a health risk.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
May 1994
-------
Response Action Status
Interim Actions: In 1984, the shaving bin sump was excavated and capped to
prevent further seepage.
Entire Site: In 1986, the State approved actions to clean up the site that
consisted of: long-term operation and maintenance of a groundwater extraction
system to prevent the migration of contaminated groundwater; covering the sump
area with clay to prevent rainwater from coming into contact with contaminants; abandoning
a shallow production well to minimize migration of contaminated groundwater; and long-term
monitoring to ensure the cleanup is effective. In 1986, Kurt Manufacturing started to extract
and treat the groundwater, but the pumps were found to be inadequate. In 1987, the sump
area was excavated and then covered with the clay. The response action plan has been re-
evaluated. The remedial system will be enhanced by Kurt Manufacturing.
Site Facts: In 1984, the State issued a Request for Response Action to Kurt Manufacturing.
Under this action, the company was required to investigate the site and to develop and
perform the above cleanup activities.
Environmental Progress
By excavating and covering the areas of greatest contamination, the potential for exposure to
hazardous materials at the Kurt Manufacturing site has been reduced while cleanup activities
are underway.
Site Repository
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155
May 1994
KURT MANUFACTURING COMPANY
-------
LAGRAND SA
LANDFILL
MINNESOTA
EPAID# MND981090483
EPA REGION 5
Douglas County
LaGrand Township
Site Description
The LaGrand Sanitary Landfill site covers 80 acres in LaGrand Township, 5 miles west of
Alexandria. The landfill, which occupies 51/2 acres, began operations in 1974 and was
licensed by the State to accept mixed municipal and non-hazardous industrial refuse. In 1977,
the original owner transferred the permit and title to Valley Disposal, Inc. Approximately 140
cubic yards of soil containing 900 gallons of diesel fuel were stored, and consequently
disposed of, at the site in 1980. The landfill had been in an almost constant state of non-
compliance with solid waste regulations and was closed in 1985, covered, and seeded. There
are five abandoned buildings on the site, a pile of several hundred tires, abandoned
machinery, and junk. Approximately 1,100 people live within 3 miles of the landfill and
depend on public and private wells for drinking water. The nearest private well is 1/3 mile
away from the site. A wetland is less than a mile downstream of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/10/86
Final Date: 07/21/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including chloroethane
and methylene chloride. People who drink contaminated groundwater may suffer
adverse health effects; however, no contamination of private wells near the site
has been found. If contaminants leach from the landfill into the nearby wetland,
wildlife in or around the wetland may be harmed.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire site: In 1987, the State began an investigation to determine the type and
extent of contamination at the site. Groundwater, soil, surface water, and sediment
sampling have been conducted. A methane migration study and an investigation to
determine the effectiveness of the soil cover are planned. Once the investigation is completed
in 1992, the final cleanup method will be selected. The Record of Decision (ROD) for the
site was signed on September 30, 1992. The remedial action chosen included the following
elements:
0 long term monitoring of groundwater and combustible gas;
0 conversion of a combustible gas monitoring well to a gas vent;
0 permanent sealing and abandonment of the on-site Shop Well;
0 Stabilization of the west slope of the landfill and the covering of exposed waste on the
northwest corner;
0 sloping and reconstruction of the borrow pit area adjacent to the west slope of the landfill;
0 site access restrictions and possible deed restrictions;
° maintenance of the existing cover system;
0 prohibitions against the disturbance of the landfill cover and monitoring systems; and
0 regulation of the location of future potable wells near the landfill.
Environmental Progress
The EPA performed preliminary evaluations and determined that the site does not pose an
immediate threat to the surrounding communities or the environment while the investigations
leading to the selection of a final cleanup remedy are taking place. Remedial Design for the
site was completed on June 4, 1993. Remedial Action construction was begun in September
1993, and completed in October 1993. Long term groundwater and landfill gas monitoring
will commence in the third quarter of 1994. A Remedial Action Report and a Preliminary
Site Closeout Report will be completed by the end of FY 1994.
Site Repository
Alexandria Public Library, 7th & Fillmore Streets, Alexandria, MN 56308
May 1994 LAGRAND SANITARY LANDFILL
-------
LAKE ELMO AIRP^gip^^S?^8
GROUNDWATER ^^^ I >^T°wnship
CONTAMINATION
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND982425209
Site Description
The Lake Elmo Airport Groundwater Contamination site consists of 34 contaminated wells in
Baytown Township. Washington County is one of seven counties surrounding the Twin Cities
metropolitan area and is primarily agricultural and rural-residential. Contamination was first
detected at the site in mid-1987 by the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), which was
sampling the area around the Baytown Dump as part of a State-wide effort to determine
water quality around solid waste facilities. After identifying volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) in the samples, MDH issued a well advisory for the Baytown Township area. Data
indicate a plume of contamination extends 3 miles from the main hangar complex at the
airport. Most of the plume continues through Baytown Township along a strip less than 2
miles wide to the St. Croix River. The probable sources of groundwater contamination are
the airport maintenance facilities in the main hangar complex. The VOC trichloroethane
(TCE), used to degrease parts and to strip paint, was routinely used at these facilities from
1951 to the early 1970s. According to tests conducted by State agencies and the
Metropolitan Airports Commission (MAC) in 1987 through 1991, the concentration of
contamination at the airport is much higher than that of wells 3 miles from the site,
suggesting that the airport is the likely source of contamination. Other possible sources of
contamination are still being investigated in the area. An estimated 10,450 people live in the
area; public and private wells within 4 miles of the site supply drinking water to approximately
26,000 people.
Site Responsibility: The site is being addressed through Proposed Date: 10/12/92
Federal and State actions.
Threats and Contaminants
Private wells are contaminated with VOCs, including TCE and tetrachloroethene
(PCE). Wells at the airport have higher contamination concentrations than the
majority of wells east of the site. People who touch or ingest contaminated
groundwater may be at risk.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
Citizens with contaminated private wells have been given
treatment UnitS for their WellS. This site is being addressed in a long term
remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: An investigation into the nature and extent of contamination is
currently underway. This investigation will result in the selection of a remedy to
clean up site contamination.
Environmental Progress
Initial assessments of the Lake Elmo Airport Groundwater site indicate the site poses no
immediate threats to the health of the nearby population or the integrity of the environment.
A limited study of site conditions is expected to be finalized in 1994.
Site Repository
Not established.
May 1994
LAKE ELMO AIRPORT
GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
-------
LEHILLIER/
MANKATO SI
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND980792469
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Blue Earth County
Mankato
Other Names:
Mankato Groundwater
The LeHillier/Mankato Site, located just west of Mankato, covers 6,400 acres. Between 1925
and 1950, numerous natural and manmade depressions, resulting from changes in the
channels of the Minnesota and Blue Earth Rivers and from sand and gravel excavations,
were filled with miscellaneous rubbish. In 1981, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
received anonymous information alleging that hazardous wastes had been disposed of in
several areas. Studies confirmed contamination of the shallow sand and gravel aquifer, the
primary source of drinking water for the LeHillier and Mankato area. Approximately 500
people reside in LeHillier. Mankato's primary water supply well is located approximately 1/4
mile north of the contaminated area. About 29,000 people are served by Mankato's municipal
water supply. The Minnesota and the Blue Earth Rivers are used for recreational activities.
Site Responsibility: The site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/16/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) and other volatile
organic compounds (VOCs). Soil contained petroleum products and VOCs.
LeHillier residents have been provided with an alternate water supply; however,
individuals may be exposed to contaminants through accidental ingestion or direct
contact with contaminated groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a single long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
May 1994
-------
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The EPA and the State supplied LeHillier residents with
bottled water for drinking and cooking in 1984 and 1985. A new, deeper LeHillier
community well and a distribution system were constructed through a Housing
and Urban Development (HUD) grant and have been operational since late 1985.
Entire Site: Based on the results of an investigation completed in 1985, the EPA
selected a remedy to clean up the site by extracting the contaminated groundwater
and treating it by using an air stripping technique that removes contaminants by
exposure to air. The cleanup plan included constructing eight groundwater wells and two new
extraction wells; extending the LeHillier community water system to affected residences and
businesses not currently serviced; and properly closing individual wells formerly used for
drinking water supplies. Sampling has shown that soil contamination has migrated into the
groundwater and no longer poses a threat. All cleanup construction actions have been
completed and the extraction and treatment will continue until approximately 1999, when
established cleanup goals are expected to be met.
Environmental Progress
Providing LeHillier residents with an alternate water supply and treating groundwater have
reduced the threats at LeHillier/Mankato site while treatment continues.
Site Repository
Minnesota Valley Regional Library, 100 East Main Street, Mankato, MN 56002
May 1994
LEHILLIER/ MANKATO SITE
-------
LONG PRAIRI
GROUND WA
CONTAMINATI
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND980904072
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Todd County
Long Prairie
The Long Prairie Contamination Site, defined by the extent of the plume of contaminated
groundwater, covers an area approximately 2600 by 1000 feet in Long Prairie, Minnesota.
The town has a population of 2,900, with about 2,000 on municipal water. A number of
municipal and private wells are contaminated with solvents thought to be from a dry cleaning
business no longer in operation. Apparently disposal of used solvents, cleaning machine
sludge, and/or incinerated sludge ash took place in and near a sunken perforated barrel
meant as a makeshift french drain in the parking lot behind the dry cleaner building. The
area of highest groundwater contamination is migrating from directly below the parking lot.
Businesses surround the parking lot; land use in the surrounding area is primarily residential.
In 1983, routine municipal well monitoring by the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH)
indicated contamination in two of five municipal wells. The MDH ordered the two wells shut
down and issued an advisory recommending bottled water for area residents. Groundwater
sampling in 1993 identified contamination in additional private wells and a threat to the new
sixth municipal well, and the advisory area was extended. About 55 of the area's 300 private
wells were affected by the contamination. The few wells in the advisory area which are still
in use for drinking water do not contain levels of chemicals about the EPA drinking water
health advisories.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soils are contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) including vinyl chloride trichloroethylene (TCE), and perchloroethylene
(PCE). Persons using the contaminated groundwater have been exposed to
chlorinated ethylenes by drinking or inhaling evaporated contaminant particles
from the water.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA has selected the following methods for cleanup of the
groundwater and soil: installation of groundwater extraction wells in the
contamination plume; treatment of contaminated groundwater with granular
activated carbon (GAC); discharge of treated groundwater from the GAC unit to the Long
Prairie River; and treatment of contaminated soil with an active soil venting system.
Performance of these cleanup activities began in 1991, and construction completion is
scheduled for 1996, and long term cleanup is expected to be completed in 2006.
Environmental Progress
Periodic evaluation of the site while final cleanup actions are ongoing has determined that
threatened homes in the extended advisory area should be connected to municipal water and
private wells should be abandoned to protect human health and the municipal water supply.
Site Repository
City Hall, City of Long Prairie, 42 Third Street, North, Long Prairie, MN 56347
May 1994
LONG PRAIRIE GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION
-------
MACGILLIS &
CO./BELL LU
POLE CO.
MINNESOTA
EPA ID#MND006192694
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Ramsey County
New Brighton
The MacGillis & Gibbs Company and the Bell Lumber & Pole Company are adjoining
properties listed as one site on the NPL, The site covers 44 acres in New Brighton. Both
companies are wood treatment plants and have been in operation since the early 1920s. Both
plants used creosote as a preservative until the mid-1950s. At that time, the companies began
using light and heavy oils containing pentachlorophenol (PCP). MacGillis & Gibbs has been
using chromated copper arsenate since 1970, some of which has been spilled in the process
areas of the plants. Both companies used PCP sludge for weed control in the 1960s. A pond
in a low-lying area between the properties was used for the disposal of PCP-contaminated
sludge, treated and untreated wood scrap, and steel drums. Studies conducted by the
companies indicate the groundwater and soil is contaminated with wood preserving chemicals.
There are more than 10,000 people living within a mile of the site. The closest residence is
within several hundred feet.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
m
Groundwater, sediments, and soils are contaminated with polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs); PCP; and heavy metals such as copper, chromium, and
arsenic. Barrels on the site contain PAHs, PCP, dioxins, and furans. These barrels
have been moved to a secure storage area on site. Although no private or
municipal wells are contaminated, there is a potential for future contaminant
plume migration, which may reach the private drinking water wells. Individuals
having direct contact with soil or water may be exposed to chemicals. Wetland
areas surrounding the site within a 2,000-foot radius may be subject to
contamination from site runoff.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial
phases directed at cleanup of disposal area soils, the process and lumber yard storage areas,
and the remaining areas.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Open and leaking barrels containing PAHs, PCP, dioxins,
and furans were overpacked and removed to a secure storage area on the
MacGillis & Gibbs property. These barrels were removed from the site in October
1993. The part of the disposal area owned by Bell Lumber & Pole has been excavated,
treated and filled with sand and gravel and covered with a clay cap.
Disposal Area Soils: In 1987, the State began an investigation to determine the
type and extent of soil contamination. This investigation was completed in 1992,
and a final cleanup remedy was selected. Design of the cleanup remedy is
currently underway.
Process and Lumber Yard Storage Areas: In 1990, the EPA began an
investigation to determine the extent of the contamination in the process and the
lumber yard storage areas. The investigation was completed and a remedy selected
in 1991 which calls for the removal of abandoned process storage tanks on the site and the
treatment of a light non-aqueous phase liquid plume. Design of this remedy is currently
underway. The final cleanup remedy will be addressed with the remaining areas.
Remaining Areas: An investigation to determine the extent of remaining soil
and groundwater contamination in the site area and potential contamination of
off-site wetlands, streams, and lakes began in 1992 and will be completed in the
summer of 1994.
Site Facts: In 1985, Bell Lumber & Pole signed a Consent Order with the State to begin
planning for the site cleanup on its portion of the site.
Environmental Progress
By removing the drums of contaminated materials and storing them in a safe location and
excavating contaminated soil from part of the site, the potential for exposure to hazardous
materials on the site has been significantly reduced. Additional investigations at both locations
currently are underway and will lead to the final selection of remedies for the MacGillis &
Gibbs Co. /Bell Lumber & Pole Co. areas of the site. Cleanup remedies have been selected
for the process and lumber yard storage areas and the disposal area upon completion of
design work. The investigation and selection of a remedy for the remaining soil, groundwater
and off-site ecosystem contamination is to be completed.
May 1994 > MACGILLIS & GIBBS CO./
BELL LUMBER & POLE CO.
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Site Repository
Ramsey County Library, Arden Hills Branch, 1941 West County Road,
Arden Hills, MN 55112
MACGILLJS & GIBBS CO./
BELL LUMBER & POLE CO.
May 1994
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NAVAL INDU
RESERVE OR
PLANT
MINNESOTA
EPAID# MN3170022914
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Anoka County
Fridley
Other Names:
Naval Sea Systems Command
The Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant (NIROP) occupies 83 acres in an industrial,
commercial, and residential area of Fridley. NIROP has produced advanced weapons systems
since it was constructed in 1940. Paints, solvents, lubricants, oil, and plating wastes were, and
still are, generated at the site. Analyses conducted by the Minnesota Pollution Control
Agency (MPCA) found soil and groundwater on the site to be contaminated with solvents. In
1981, three bedrock wells supplying drinking water to NIROP were taken out of service
because of trichloroethylene (TCE) contamination. The plant discontinued the use of TCE in
1987. FMC Corporation, NIROP's operating contractor, owns a 18-acre site bordering on the
south of the site that was placed on the NPL in 1983. Over 200,000 people live within 3 miles
of the site. The Mississippi River is about 700 feet to the west. The water supply intake for
Minneapolis is located approximately 1,500 feet downstream of the site. An estimated 29,000
people obtain drinking water from public wells within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/14/89
Final Date: 11/24/89
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater and soils are contaminated with solvents, including TCE and
methylene chloride. Highly permeable sands, conducive to the downward migration
of contaminants, lie below the facility. Potential health risks exist for individuals
who ingest or come into direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soil.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
directed at cleanup of the entire site and cleanup of the contaminated soils on site.
May 1994
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Response Action Status
Initial Actions: From 1983 to 1984, the Army Corps of Engineers excavated a
trench and borrow pit consisting of 1,200 cubic yards of soil and approximately 43
barrels containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) wastes, flammable solids, and
base solids. The excavated materials were removed to an EPA-regulated hazardous waste
landfill.
Entire Site: In 1984, the MPCA requested that the Navy and FMC Corporation
determine the extent of surface water and groundwater contamination, locate any
additional disposal areas, and take cleanup action. In response, a network of
monitoring wells was installed to gather information on patterns of groundwater flow and
contaminant concentrations. The study was completed in 1988. The EPA decided to place
hydraulic barriers to contain and treat groundwater for the cleanup. Cleanup began in 1991
and is expected to be completed in 1999.
Soil: An investigation of contaminated soils on site is scheduled to begin in 1992.
Recommendations for cleanup are scheduled to be submitted in 1994.
Site Facts: The site is being cleaned up as part of the Installation Restoration Program, a
program established by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 1978 to identify, investigate,
and control the migration of hazardous contaminants at military and other DOD facilities.
Environmental Progress
Initial actions to remove contaminated soil and other materials reduced the threat of
exposure to pollutants at the Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant while studies and
cleanup remedies are underway.
Site Repository
Anoka County Public Library, Fridley Branch, 410 N.E. Mississippi Street, Fridley, MN 55432
May 1994 NAVAL INDUSTRIAL RESERVE ORDNANCE PLANT
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NEW BRIGHT®
ARDEN HILLS
MINNESOTA
EPAID# MN7213820908
EPA REGION 5
Ramsey County
Arden Hills
Other Names:
Twin Cities Ammo. Plant
{t. Anthony Site
Site Description
The New Brighton/Arden Hills site is located in Arden Hills, approximately 2 miles north of
the twin cities of Minneapolis/St. Paul. The site consists of over 18 square miles of
groundwater contaminated with volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). The Twin Cities Army
Ammunition Plant (TCAAP), located to the north of St. Paul and Minneapolis, comprises the
northeastern corner of the New Brighton/Arden Hills site. According to the U.S. Army, VOC
contaminants are migrating off TCAAP into the groundwater and the Prairie Du
Chien/Jordan Aquifer. In 1981, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) and the
Minnesota Department of Health detected VOC contamination in the system used for
municipal drinking water in New Brighton. Prior to these findings, the City of New Brighton
had constructed and operated a total of nine municipal wells. From 1982 to 1984, the City
shut down six wells, deepened two municipal wells to the Mt. Simon/Hinckley Aquifer, and
constructed three new wells. The City of St. Anthony, located directly north of Minneapolis,
is one of several communities that obtain their municipal water supply from the Prairie Du
Chien/Jordan Aquifer system. Following the detection of contaminants in the New Brighton
wells, the City of St. Anthony also detected contamination in its three Prairie Du
Chien/Jordan Aquifer wells, one of which was shut down early in 1984. Since contaminants
first were discovered, the levels have increased in the remaining undeepened municipal wells.
The site includes parts of the municipalities of Shoreview, Arden Hills, Moundsview, New
Brighton, and St. Anthony.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/16/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chromium, arsenic, and VOC contaminants,
including trichloroethylene (TCE), benzene, toluene, and xylene have been
detected in the groundwater. Potential health risks exist for individuals drinking or
coming into direct contact with contaminated groundwater.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in nine stages: immediate actions and eight long-term remedial
phases focusing on: the sewer line, groundwater, off-base contamination, groundwater plume,
New Brighton well #1, the PCB burn pit, contamination source control, and cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Between 1983 and 1984, the EPA supplied bottled water to
many residences and businesses, extended the existing water supply system to the
New Brighton and Arden Hills private well users whose wells were found to be
contaminated, installed granular activated carbon filters on two wells to meet the peak
summertime demand, and treated the New Brighton/Arden Hills wells #5 and #6 with
activated carbon. All the nearby affected residents now are using either uncontaminated or
treated water.
Sewer Line: The State conducted an investigation in 1987 to determine the type
and extent of contamination around a sewer line/force main that was used for
TCAAP waste transportation to the metropolitan waste district. The study shows
no threat to public health. The Army cleaned the sewer line and is storing the removed
wastes on site until further disposal is required.
Groundwater: In 1990, the EPA selected the remedy to address St. Anthony
wells #3, #4, and #5, which consisted of the construction of granular activated
carbon (GAC) water treatment facilities to remove VOCs from the wells. The
treated water will be discharged into the municipal water treatment plant and distribution
system. A pipeline was constructed to connect St. Anthony wells #3, #4, and #5 to the GAC
treatment facility. Long-term operation and maintenance of the water treatment system
began in 1991 and will continue until 1999.
Off-Base Contamination: In 1983, the State began an investigation to
determine the type and extent of contamination off the Army base. The first study
was completed in 1987. The second study was completed in 1991. The U.S. Army
identified the alternative technologies for the cleanup in focused feasibility studies for the
North and South Plumes of off-base groundwater contamination.
Groundwater Plume: In 1989, the U.S. Army initiated an investigation of the
nature and extent of the contaminated groundwater plume and recommended a
recovery system. The State and the EPA have not accepted this option because
there is no useful way to dispose of the water. The EPA is investigating a program for
groundwater plume extraction and injection of the water into the Mississippi River or
treatment of the water for use as potable water. The off-base plume of contaminated
groundwater, which occurs as a large North Plume and a smaller South Plume, is being
addressed as two operable units. In September 1991, a ROD was signed for the South Plume
May 1994 NEW BRIGHTON/ARDEN HILLS
-------
incorporating the following elements:
0 extraction of groundwater at the leading edge of the South Plume;
° treatment of extracted groundwater from the removal of volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) by a pressurized granular activated carbon (GAC) system;
0 discharge of treated groundwater to the potable water supply of the City of New Brighton;
0 monitoring of the groundwater to verify the effectiveness of the remedy.
Remedial Design of the South Plume remedy was completed in March 1993. Construction of
the Remedial Action was completed in April 1994.
In September 1993, a ROD was signed for the North Plume incorporating the following
elements:
° providing an alternative water supply to residents with private wells with the North Plume;
° implementing drilling advisories that would regulate the installation of new private wells
within the North Plume as a Special Well Construction Area;
0 extracting groundwater at the containment boundary the North Plume near County
Road E;
0 pumping the extracted groundwater to the Permanent Granular Activated Carbon Water
Treatment Facility (PGAC) in New Brighton for removal of volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) by a pressurized GAC system;
0 discharging all of the treated water to the New Brighton municipal distribution system;
0 monitoring the groundwater to verify the effectiveness of the remedy.
Remedial Design of the North Plume remedy is expected to be completed by the end of 1994
with Remedial Action construction completion scheduled for earl 1995.
New Brighton Well #7: In 1986, the EPA selected a remedy to address
potential future contamination of New Brighton well #7, which involves the
construction of a new well into the Mt. Simon-Hinckley Aquifer system. However,
in 1989, the EPA signed an amendment to this remedy, because the Army agreed to provide
the City with over 4 million gallons per day of drinking water. In 1987, the Army also agreed
to provide the results of water quality monitoring for Well #7 and to construct a barrier
system to prevent future contamination. These cleanup activities were completed in 1989.
PCB Burn Pit: In 1989, following the investigation of on-site soil contamination,
the Army and the EPA selected incineration of the PCB-contaminated dirt in a
mobile incinerator as the soil cleanup remedy. The incineration was completed
within a month. Certificates of destruction of the ash waste were submitted in 1990,
completing this action.
Source Control: In 1987, to address the source of the groundwater
contamination, the EPA, the MPCA, and the Army initiated the operation of a
6-well system to extract groundwater migrating from the southwestern corner of
TCAAP and treated it with air stripping. Approximately 300,000 gallons per day are utilized
in the plant, with the remainder being disposed of by reinjection/infiltration through the
NEW BRIGHTON/ARDEN HILLS May 1994
-------
arsenal sand and gravel pit. Operating data and monitoring results are evaluated and
additional measures will be taken, if necessary, to ensure that any contaminated groundwater
migrating from the site is captured. Currently, there is a 17-well extraction system in
operation; all water is air-stripped, and some is carbon-filtered for the military base's drinking
water supply. Operation of this system is expected to continue until the entire site cleanup is
complete.
Entire Site: The U.S. Army initiated an investigation in 1988 to study
technologies to be used in cleaning up the entire site. All contamination source
areas found on the base during the investigation will be evaluated for the need
and type of cleanup. The study is expected to be completed in late 1994. Initial results have
identified three areas as the major sources of organic solvents contaminating local
groundwater. The Feasibility Study designed to address contamination in all media on-
TCAAP will be completed in 1994. A ROD specifying on-TCAAP remedial action is
expected to be signed in 1995, with the implementation of final remedies for on-TCAAP
contaminated groundwater, surface water, soils and sediments expected to begin in 1996 and
be completed by 1998.
Site Facts: The U.S. Army Twin Cities Ammunition Plant is participating in the Installation
Restoration Program (IRP), a specially funded program developed by the Department of
Defense (DOD) in 1978 to identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous
contaminants on military and other DOD installations.
Environmental Progress
By supplying the affected residents with a safe drinking water supply, incinerating the
PCB-contaminated soils, and constructing the water treatment system, the potential for
contact with hazardous materials from the New Brighton/Arden Hills site has been reduced
while further investigations and ongoing and completed cleanup activities of the other areas
of the site are taking place.
Site Repository
New Brighton City Hall, Vault Area, 803 Fifth Avenue, N.W., New Brighton, MN 55112
May 1994 NEW BRIGHTON/ARDEN HILLS
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NL INDUST
TARACORP
GOLDEN AU1
MINNESOTA
EPAID#MND097891634
EPA REGION 5
Hennepin County
St. Louis Park
Other Names:
Northwestern Metal Works
Taracorp Ind.
National Lead Taracorp
Site Description
The NL Industries/Taracorp/Golden Auto site is located in St. Louis Park, just west of
Minneapolis. The site consists of two neighboring properties, one formerly owned by
Taracorp, Inc., and the other currently owned by Morris and Harry Golden. Metal refining,
fabricating, and associated activities were conducted at the site prior to its conversion to a
secondary lead smelting operation. The secondary smelting operations produced a number of
products, including sheet lead solder, shotgun lead pellets, lead wool, lead pipe, powdered
lead, and secondary lead ingots. Historically, solid waste generated by the manufacturing
facilities was stored on site in a slag storage area. Liquid wastes were discharged through
process sewers, which ran under the site, to the municipal sewer system. NL Industries, Inc.,
formerly the National Lead Company, bought the site in 1928. NL Industries operated a lead
smelting plant on the site from 1940 until 1979. Plant operations included recovering lead
from lead plates, battery fragments, and lead containers. Lead smelting operations and
disposal practices resulted in elevated levels of lead in the air and in on-site soils. In 1962, NL
Industries, Inc. sold a 4 1/2-acre portion of the property to Republic Enterprises, which, in
turn, sold the property to Morris and Harry Golden, who used the land for an auto wrecking
and used auto parts business from 1964 until 1983. Currently, that land is leased by Quality
Auto Body, also a used auto parts and wrecking company. NL sold the lead smelting
operation and the remaining property to Taracorp, Inc. in 1979. The smelter remained in
operation until its closure in 1981. There are residential areas within 1/4 mile of the site.
Aquifers beneath the site serve as a primary source of drinking water in the area, supplying
90 percent of all groundwater used in the region. Marshy areas exist approximately 1,000 feet
from the site, and there is a pond about 500 feet to the northwest. Minnehaha Creek is
about a mile away, and the Mississippi River is approximately 3 miles northwest of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/22/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
May 1994
-------
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater in the vicinity of the site was found to be contaminated with elevated
levels of sulfates, dissolved solids, and lead. The pH level in the groundwater also
was low. Off-site soils have shown elevated levels of lead, although levels are
generally well below the health-based standard levels for lead in soil established by
the State. On-site soils were found to contain highly elevated levels of lead. Also
present on the site were battery fragments, lead-bearing debris, and slag. Health
risks may have existed for individuals who ingested or came into direct contact with
the contaminated soils or groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the
groundwater and on-site soils and cleanup of the off-site soils.
Response Action Status
Groundwater and On-Site Soils: Under a Consent Order, NL Industries, Inc.
conducted on-site investigations and cleanup activities between 1985 and 1988.
These activities included: restricting access to the site; removing contaminated
on-site soils to a federally approved facility and replacing the excavated area with clean soils;
revegetating the excavated area; paving areas with asphalt to minimize exposure to
contaminated soil; cleaning and demolishing several on-site buildings; and long-term
monitoring of groundwater. The groundwater will continue to be monitored for 30 years.
Results to date indicate no measurable movement of contaminants from the soils into the
groundwater. If contaminant levels exceed standards, further cleanup actions will be taken.
Off-Site Soils: A risk assessment conducted by NL Industries in 1987 and a
similar study conducted by the EPA both concluded that the lead in soils near the
site does not presently pose a risk to public health and the environment. Based on
these results and the recommendations of the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA),
the Minnesota Department of Health, and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR), the EPA recommended that no further action was necessary with regard
to off-site soils near the site.
Environmental Progress
Cleanup goals for the site have been fully achieved. Based on a consensus of
recommendations from the various agencies involved in the investigations of the site
conditions, it was agreed that the site requires no further cleanup actions at this time. The
EPA will continue to monitor the groundwater to ensure that the contaminant levels do not
exceed State standards. The NL Industries site will not be deleted from the NPL until the
EPA is absolutely certain the site poses no threats to the public. A Five-Year Review of the
remedy will be conducted in 1994.
MaV 1994 NL INDUSTRIES/ TARACORP/ GOLDEN AUTO
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Site Repository
St. Louis Park City Hall, 5005 Minnetonka Boulevard, St. Louis Park, MN 55416
NL INDUSTRIES/ TARACORP/ GOLDEN AUTO
May 1994
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NUTTING TRUsGK
CASTER COM
MINNESOTA
EPAID# MND006154017
EPA REGION 5
Rice County
Fairbault
Site Description
The 11-acre Nutting Truck & Caster Company site was used for the production of various
manufacturing tools, beginning in 1891. Sludge from manufacturing wastes was disposed of in
an unlined pit from 1959 to 1979. In 1979, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA)
issued a notice of non-compliance to the company. In response to this notice, Nutting
excavated the pit, backfilled it with clean fill, and paved over the area. The MPCA required
the company to investigate the soil and groundwater in the area. Monitoring wells were
installed and trichloroethylene (TCE) contamination was discovered in on-site monitoring
wells in the upper aquifer. In 1984, the manufacturing operations were moved to another
location. The property presently is unused. The population of the City of Fairbault is
approximately 16,500. The city is served by a municipal water system.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater was contaminated with various volatile organic compounds
(VOCs). Cadmium also was detected in the groundwater directly under the
disposal pit. Potential health threats included drinking or coming in direct contact
with contaminated groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
May 1994
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Response Action Status
interim Actions: The potentially responsible parties placed two extraction wells
in the aquifer. The contaminated water is being treated by a passive aeration
system before being discharged to a nearby creek.
Entire Site: The company completed an investigation of groundwater
contamination in 1986. As part of site investigations, a groundwater monitoring
system was put in place. Based on the findings of the investigation, the EPA
decided to clean up the groundwater by extracting and discharging the treated groundwater
into a storm sewer. This cleanup activity was completed in mid-1992. The site is currently
undergoing a 5-year review to ensure the effectiveness of the cleanup remedy.
Site Facts: A Consent Order was signed in 1984 by the MFC A and Nutting, requiring
Nutting to conduct an investigation of the extent of groundwater contamination originating
from its property.
Environmental Progress -f:
The monitoring and extraction systems installed at the Nutting Truck & Caster Company site
have eliminated the potential for exposure to contaminated groundwater. A five-year review
of the remedial action was completed on March 29, 1994. The report concluded that the
remedial action continues to be protective of human health and the environment.
Site Repository
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155
May 1994
NUTTING TRUCK & CASTER COMPANY
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OAKDALE
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND9806095
EPA REGION 5
Washington County
Oakdale
Other Names:
Abresch Barrel & Drum Company
Site Description
The 40-acre Oakdale Dump site consists of three disposal areas. Two of the areas were burial
areas, and one was a burning area. The burial areas were owned and operated by the
Abresch Drum and Barrel Company from the mid-1940s to 1961. Aerial photos reveal that
the greatest activity at the burial operations occurred in the late 1950s, when large trenches
were dug with heavy equipment, and drums containing chemical wastes were disposed of in
the trenches. In 1961, the disposal of wastes at the site ceased and the property later was sold
to several parties. The site was left vacant, covered with rusted drums, pails, and a variety of
industrial wastes. Groundwater pollution was detected, forcing the closing of two community
wells and a number of private wells within the City of Oakdale. Approximately 600 private
wells are within a mile of the site, and approximately 540 people live within a mile. More than
44,000 people live within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/22/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Since the cleanup activities were conducted by the Minnesota Mining and
Manufacturing Corporation (3M), one of the potentially responsible parties, the
potential health risks have been eliminated.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
May 1994
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Response Action Status
Entire Site: Under an agreement reached in 1983 between 3M, the Minnesota
Pollution Control Agency, and the EPA, 3M handled the necessary arrangements
and payments for the reconstruction of multi-aquifer wells and removal of
concentrated waste deposits, the installation of a shallow groundwater pump-out system, and
the establishment of a monitoring well network. The majority of this work was performed in
1984 and 1985. The groundwater extraction and treatment system will continue to operate
until established cleanup goals for the site are met.
Environmental Progress
Continued operation of the groundwater pump and treatment system will serve to protect
nearby residents and the environment. A five-year review of the remedial action was
completed on March 31, 1993. The report concluded that the remedial action continues to
be protective of human health and the environment.
Site Repository
~\
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 551552
May 1994
OAKDALE DUMP
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OAK GROV
SANITARY L
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND980904056
EPA REGION 5
Anoka County
Oak Grove Township
Site Description
The 104-acre Oak Grove Sanitary Landfill site was operated as an open dump until 1971,
when the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) issued a permit to the owner for a
sanitary landfill. In 1976, operations were taken over by Northwest Disposal Inc., until closure
in 1984. Approximately 2 1/2 million cubic yards of wastes including garbage, various sludges
and acids, pesticide manufacturing waste, paint, cutting oils, cleaning solvents, and inks were
disposed of at the landfill. The Minnesota Department of Health sampled nine nearby
residential wells in 1984. The wells are screened in a sand aquifer, which is the primary water
supply source in the area. Samples from three wells indicated the presence of several volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) and metals. Subsequent resampling did not detect these
compounds. In 1985, lime sludge was used as a cover for part of the landfill. Approximately
330 people live within a mile of the site, and 9,800 live within 4 miles. The majority of these
residents depend on water from wells. A creek flows through the site and is adjacent to a
wetland, discharging to the Rum River 2 miles from the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Methane and VOCs were detected beneath the lime sludge cover material. VOCs,
phenols, phthalates, and heavy metals were detected in the upper aquifer. Leachate
samples indicated the presence of VOCs, phenols, and heavy metals. Several VOCs,
phenols, and heavy metals were found in sediment samples and surface water at the site.
Leachate discharges to a nearby wetland, thereby potentially threatening the wetland and
the connected Cedar Creek. Potential human health risks exist from ingestion or direct
contact of the contaminated soil, sediments, or leachate. Drinking contaminated
groundwater from the upper aquifer also may pose health risks. However, the lower
aquifer, which is used for residential drinking water, does not pose a risk to human health.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on source control and cleanup
of the groundwater.
Response Action Status
Source Control: In 1988, the MPCA and the EPA selected the following cleanup
actions for the site: installation of a security fence; capping with a multi-layer cover
system; installation of a topsoil cover and vegetation; enforcement of deed restrictions;
consideration of treatment options for air emissions from gas vents after construction of the final
cover; and air and groundwater monitoring. EPA issued a UAO in February 1992 to have the PRPs
design and implement the cleanup technologies. Cleanup activities began in the spring of 1992 and
were completed in September 1993 when EPA approved a Remedial Action Report.
Groundwater: In late 1990, the EPA selected a remedy, which includes long-term
monitoring of the shallow and deep aquifers, surface waters, and sediments. In addition,
institutional controls on the installation of drinking water wells around the landfill will be
implemented and non-essential water wells will be properly plugged and abandoned. EPA issued a
UAO in February 1992 to have the PRPs install a long-term monitoring system. The system was
completed in September 1993.
Site Facts: The EPA sent Special Notice letters to the potentially responsible parties in March 1991
to conduct cleanup activities. The design and implementation of the remedy was accomplished under
a federally issued UAO.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and determined that
no immediate actions were required at the Oak Grove Sanitary Landfill site while cleanup activities
are underway. Construction of the remedy has been completed using EPA enforcement. The Five
Year Review is to be completed by September 1997.
Site Repository
Oak Grove Township Board, 1990 Northwest Nightingale Street, Cedar, MN 55011
May 1994 OAK GROVE SANITARY LANDFILL
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OLMSTED CO
SANITARY LA
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND000874354
EPA REGION 5
Olmsted County
Oronoco
Other Names:
Rochester Landfill
Oronoco Sanitary Landfill
Site Description
The 50-acre Olmsted County Sanitary Landfill was owned and operated by the City of
Rochester and was licensed by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA). The first
cell of the landfill was constructed without a liner or a system for collecting leachate. The
liner for the second cell was poorly constructed, but the third and fourth cells were properly
built. The landfill has operated since 1972 and has accepted various industrial wastes
including electroplating sludge, asbestos, transformers, paint, and solvents. A large amount of
flood-soaked material was put into the landfill in 1977. By 1984, groundwater under the
landfill was heavily contaminated with leachate from the waste pile. There were extensive
leachate seeps at the site. Also, an intermittent stream, which runs through the site to the
Zumbro River, could carry contaminants during heavy rains. In 1984, the County of Olmsted
assumed ownership and operation of the landfill. Approximately 200 people live within 1 mile
of the site. It is estimated that 1,200 private wells are located near the landfill.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
heavy metals including chromium, cadmium, and lead. People who use
contaminated groundwater supplies or inhale vapors from them may be exposed to
hazardous chemicals from the site. Groundwater under the landfill is likely to
discharge into the nearby Zumbro River, potentially contaminating area surface
waters and sediments.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The County of Olmsted started a study of contamination at the site
in early 1991, which includes an analysis of the groundwater, surface water, and
sediments to define the problem and assess possible cleanup alternatives. The
County is conducting a dye tracing study to identify the flow pattern of groundwater in and
around the site. The study was completed in 1993.
Site Facts: In 1989, the MPCA signed a Consent Order with Olmsted County to carry out a
study of the nature and extent of contamination at the site and to conduct final cleanup
activities.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Olmsted County Sanitary Landfill
site while further studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Rochester Public Library, 11 First Street, Southeast, Rochester, MN 56573
May 1994
OLMSTED COUNTY SANITARY LANDFILL
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PERHAM AR
SITE
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND980609572
EPA REGION 5
Otter Tail County
Perham
Other Names:
'erham Fairgrounds
Site Description
The State of Minnesota set up the 1/4-acre Perham Arsenic Site to mix pesticides in the
1930s and 1940s. This was part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) program to
control an outbreak of grasshoppers that threatened crops throughout the Midwest. At that
time, the USDA provided all midwestern states with pesticides to control the infestation and
helped them set up numerous stations to mix the chemicals used in the program.
Approximately 200 to 2,500 pounds of pesticides were buried between what is now the cattle
shed of the county fairgrounds and a building of the Hammers Construction Company. The
EPA believes the pesticides were buried around 1947, after the USDA ended its program
against the infestation. In 1971, the Hammers Construction Company purchased property
from the City of Perham to build offices and a warehouse. In 1972, the company installed a
shallow well to provide water to the facility. Eleven employees were poisoned with arsenic
when they drank water from the well. The well was capped, and the City of Perham extended
its municipal water supply to the facility. Approximately 2,000 people live in the City of
Perham.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil on the site are contaminated with arsenic. Potential health
threats include ingesting or coming in direct contact with contaminated
groundwater or soil.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two phases: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1982, the City of Perham capped the site with a plastic film
and clay soil to reduce the amount of arsenic that could leach through the soil as
a result of rain and snow. In 1985, the State excavated approximately 200 cubic
yards of arsenic wastes in the burial pit and disposed of the wastes in a hazardous waste
landfill. The State filled the pit with clean soil, placed an impermeable membrane and clay
cap over the pit, and set up a program to monitor the groundwater. The city extended its
municipal water supply to the affected workers at the Hammers Construction Company.
Entire Site: Initial studies at the site in 1984 recommended additional monitoring
to assess movement of contaminated groundwater, removal of contaminated soils,
and capping of the site. These cleanup actions were undertaken. In 1991, the EPA
began a study into the nature and extent of groundwater and soil contamination and
alternatives for cleaning up contamination at the site. The investigation was completed in
1994.
Environmental Progress
Excavation of contaminated soil, capping, and groundwater monitoring at the Perham Arsenic
Site have significantly reduced exposure to contaminated soil and groundwater while further
investigations are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Perham Public Library, 100 Third Street, Northeast, Perham, MN 56573
May 1994
PERHAM ARSENIC SITE
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PINE BEND S
LANDFILL
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND000245795
EPA REGION 5
Dakota County
Inver Grove Heights
Other Names:
erican Demolition Landfill
Site Description
The 252-acre Pine Bend Sanitary Landfill site is an active facility that accepts various wastes
into two adjacent landfills. Browning Ferris Industries owns the landfill and allowed Phoenix,
Inc., a subsidiary, to operate it since 1972. Through the intervening years, the landfill
produced leachate containing arsenic, halogenated and non-halogenated organic compounds,
and various chlorides. The EPA and the State analyzed the groundwater and soils on site and
discovered contamination from leachate. The EPA found volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wells that monitor groundwater in the
shallow aquifer and in residential and commercial wells that draw water from that same
source. Approximately 50 people live within a 1-mile radius of the site. Approximately 16,000
people live in the town of Inver Grove Heights, 3 miles north of the landfill. Several wells of
private residences are contaminated with heavy metals, VOCs, and PAHs. Eight private
residences now use bottled water that is provided by the site owners. The site is
approximately 3/4 of a mile west of the Mississippi River and is bordered by farms, food
processing plants, chemical manufacturers, an oil refinery, a pumping station for natural gas,
an asphalt plant, an installation for electrical utilities, and residences. The site is fenced, and
there are check-in stations at the gates of the landfills to enforce security restrictions.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Leachate from the landfills and surface water contain arsenic, halogenated and
non-halogenated organic compounds, and various chlorides. Groundwater is
contaminated with VOCs and PAHs. People could be exposed to contaminants
from the site through drinking or coming in direct contact with contaminated
groundwater, or by eating crops grown in private gardens irrigated with
contaminated well water.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on providing an alternate water supply, controlling the source of contamination, and
cleaning up groundwater.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: The site owner is providing bottled water to eight residences
until an alternate water supply can be provided.
Alternate Water Supply: The State of Minnesota completed a study in
preparation for providing an alternate water supply to area residents and homes.
The EPA made a final selection of the water supply plan in 1991. Affected
residents will continue to receive bottled water until the alternate water supply system is
completed.
Source Control and Groundwater: The State of Minnesota began an extended
study to determine the extent and nature of site contamination and to identify
cleanup alternatives for the landfill areas and other sources of site contamination.
It is expected to be completed in late 1992.
Site Facts: In 1985, the State entered into an agreement with Pine Bend Sanitary Landfill
and the adjacent Crosby American Demolition Landfill to conduct investigations.
Environmental Progress
The provision of bottled water has reduced the threat of exposure to contaminants at the
Pine Bend Sanitary Landfill site while further investigations are taking place leading to the
selection of final cleanup remedies.
Site Repository
Dakota County Library System,
Wescott Branch
1340 Wescott Road, Eagan, MN 55123
May 1994 PINE BEND SANITARY LANDFILL
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REILLY TAR S5
CHEMICAL ^
CORP. (ST. L
PARK PLANT)
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND980609804
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Hennepin County
St. Louis Park Plant
Other Names:
illy Tar & Chemical Republic
Creosoting Company
The 80-acre Reilly Tar & Chemical Corp. (St. Louis Park Plant) site is an inactive facility
that was used for coal tar distillation and wood preserving from 1917 to 1972. The site was
sold and converted into recreational and residential areas in 1972. Highway and storm sewer
improvements also were constructed on the site in 1972. Wastes from site operations were
disposed of on the site and in a network of ditches that discharged to an adjacent wetland.
The wastes contained many compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Soil and groundwater below the wetland and the southern portion of the site are heavily
contaminated. The site is located in St. Louis Park, a western suburb of Minneapolis, with a
population of approximately 43,000 people. Portions of the northern end of the site have
been developed as a residential complex. Seven municipal wells have been closed due to PAH
contamination.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, Municipal, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/22/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with petrochemicals and various volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Sludges and soils are contaminated with petrochemicals and
creosotes from wood preserving activities. The wetland adjacent to the site is
threatened by the contaminants that have been discharged from the site. The
potential health risks to people include drinking or coming in direct contact with
contaminated groundwater, inhaling contaminated vapors, or coming into direct
contact with or ingesting contaminated soils and sludge.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five stages: immediate actions and four long-term remedial
phases focusing on water treatment and contamination source control, groundwater aquifer
control, cleanup of the St. Peter Aquifer, and cleanup of the Drift Platteville Aquifer.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1982 and 1983, the State cleaned out two deep wells on
the site and conducted a complete off-site well survey. The State also performed
a water treatability study on the closed municipal wells.
Water Treatment and Contamination Source Control: The cleanup option
selected to address water treatment and contamination source control includes the
construction and operation of a granular activated carbon water treatment system
at two existing contaminated municipal wells. The parties potentially responsible for site
contamination constructed this water treatment system, which has been fully operational since
1985.
Groundwater Aquifer Control: The cleanup methods selected to address
groundwater and aquifer contamination include: monitoring, extracting, and
treating the groundwater from various aquifers to maintain drinking water quality
and to prevent down gradient contamination of the aquifers; capping and filling exposed
hazardous wastes in the vicinity of the peat bog; implementing deed restrictions for current
and future land use; and completing further investigations into the nature and extent of
contamination in the northern area of the Drift Platteville and St. Peter Aquifers. In 1986,
the City of St. Louis Park proceeded with the filling of exposed hazardous wastes in the
vicinity of the peat bog. Five areas of the wetland were filled to prevent further spread of
contamination into the food chain. The filling activity was completed in 1986. The potentially
responsible parties, under EPA guidance, began monitoring and extracting water from
contaminated plumes to prevent the further migration of contaminants. Deed restrictions of
future commercial and residential construction on the site were put in place in 1989. An
existing municipal well in the Prairie du Chien Aquifer will be used as a gradient control well
to prevent the spread of contamination. This well became operational in 1992.
Drift Platteville Aquifer: The potentially responsible parties, under EPA
monitoring, are conducting an investigation into the nature and extent of aquifer
contamination and will determine whether a higher capacity well pump should be
installed in an existing well or a new gradient-control well should be constructed. These
investigations were completed for the Pritt Aquifer and a remedy was selected in 1992. The
investigation for the Platteville Aquifer is ongoing.
St. Peter Aquifer: The potentially responsible parties, under EPA supervision,
conducted an investigation of the St. Peter Aquifer to determine whether a higher
capacity well pump should be installed in an existing well or a new gradient control
May 1994 REILLY TAR & CHEMICAL CORP
(ST. LOUIS PARK PLANT)
-------
well should be constructed. The investigation was completed in 1990 and a remedy was
implemented, which involves extracting and treating groundwater from the aquifer. Initially,
the water will discharge to a local treatment plant. This situation will be evaluated at a later
date, and treated water may be discharged to a surface water body after being treated with a
carbon adsorption process on site. The remedy was implemented in 1991.
Site Facts: In 1984, the EPA issued an order to Reilly Tar & Chemical Corp., a potentially
responsible party, requiring the company to construct and install a granulated activated
carbon drinking water system. In 1986, Reilly Tar & Chemical Corp. signed a Consent
Decree, requiring them to finance cleanup activities at the site. The Decree also required the
company to conduct investigations into the nature and extent of contamination in the Drift
Platteville and St. Peter Aquifers.
Environmental Progress
The immediate actions described above began treating the contaminated groundwater and
removing the sources of contamination. These actions have greatly reduced the potential for
exposure to contaminated groundwater at the Reilly Tar & Chemical Corp. (St. Louis Park
Plant) site while further investigations and cleanup activities take place. Upon selection and
implementation of a remedy for the Platteville Aquifer, all contamination at the site have
been addressed.
Site Repository
St. Louis Park Library Branch, 3240 Library Lane, St. Louis Park, MN 55426
REILLY TAR & CHEMICAL CORP.
(ST. LOUIS PARK PLANT)
May 1994
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RITARI POST
&POLE
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND980904064
EPA REGION 5
Wadena County
miles northwest of Sebeka
Site Description
The 212-acre Ritari Post & Pole site is an inactive wood preserving facility that was in
operation from 1959. Creosote was used as a preservative up to 1966. The wood preserving
operation then used pentachlorophenol (PCP) as the preservative. From 1966 to 1973, the
site used a process that allowed approximately 27,000 gallons of PCP to drip from treated
wood directly onto the ground. In addition, approximately 3,200 gallons of PCP-contaminated
sludge were applied directly to the ground. The site is partially fenced. There are
approximately 350 people living within 3 miles of the site. Several on-site monitoring wells
and a private well less than 500 feet away from the site are contaminated with PCP. The
private well has been replaced by a new well into a deeper uncontaminated aquifer. The site
is 3/4 mile from a wetland area draining into the Cat River. The river is used for recreation.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 07/21/87
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater is contaminated with PCP, phenols, and dioxin. Potential
health threats include using contaminated groundwater for household purposes and
crop irrigation. Also, contamination of the food chain is possible if contaminants
move into the adjacent wetlands and the small creek that drains into the Cat
River.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
May 1994
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Response Action Status
Entire Site: The State conducted an investigation into the nature and extent of
contamination at the site, which resulted in the selection of final cleanup remedies.
Soil and preliminary groundwater sampling were conducted at the site. Early study
results revealed the presence of dioxins. The investigation report was completed in late 1993.
A Record of Decision, to document the selected remedial action for the site, is scheduled for
mid-1994.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Ritari Post & Pole site while
studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Wadena Public Library, 304 First Street, Southwest, Wadena, MN 56482
May 1994
RITARI POST & POLE
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SOUTH AND
SITE
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND98060961
EPA REGION 5
Anoka County
Andover, 16 miles northeast of
Minneapolis
Other Names:
Heidelberger Cecil Musket Ranch
Pumpkin City Investments
Musket Ranch
Andover Sites
Site Description
The South Andover Site is composed of several parcels of land totaling approximately 50
acres. The individual parcels of land are located adjacent to one another and are
independently owned and used. Several small businesses involved with used auto part sales,
auto salvage operations, and auto body repair are situated adjacent to the site. From 1954
until 1981, the majority of these properties were involved with waste disposal and salvage
operations. The Cecil Heidelberger property stored drums containing inks and solvents.
Approximately 75 percent of the Heidelberger property was later covered with an estimated 3
million tires. Thousands of barrels of solvents and inks reportedly were burned in open pits
on the Batson property. A wetland on the property was used as a disposal area prior to
filling. The Charles Mistelske property was used to store approximately 8,300 gallons of
paints, adhesives, and greases in 1-, 2-, and 55-gallon containers. The Meyer property was
used to store approximately 200 drums of chemical waste. Spillage of chemical waste is known
to have occurred at this location. Drummed waste and transformers were stored on the Klar
property. Transformers, salvaged electrical equipment, empty drums, and miscellaneous debris
are evident on the site. Waste processing stopped in 1977, and waste was not accepted after
1978, when the property was sold to Parmack, Inc. In 1980, the State issued notices of
violation for improper storage and disposal of chemical wastes. The site is located 3,000 feet
from the Waste Disposal Landfill, another NPL site. The City of Andover has a population of
13,000. The area 1/4 mile north of the site is a residential neighborhood with about 170
homes. Five residences are located on site. Further development is planned to the west and
south of the site. Several commercial ventures, including auto part and salvage operations,
currently operate on site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/22/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
May 1994
-------
Threats and Contaminants
Low levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in groundwater at
the site. However, the compounds detected did not exceed any regulatory levels,
and they do not pose a risk to public health or the environment. The contaminant
levels for arsenic were exceeded in only one groundwater sample taken from a
shallow on-site monitoring well. No on-site source of arsenic could be found.
Surface soils are contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), antimony,
lead, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Surface soil contamination is
limited to seven "hot spots" less than six feet deep. The health threat of greatest
concern to people is coming in direct contact with contaminated soil. Recent
sampling of groundwater indicates that no contaminants exist in the residents'
potable water supply.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and one short-term remedial
phase directed at cleanup of the groundwater and cleanup of the soil, surface water, and
sediments.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1981, approximately 700 drums were disposed of by
mixing the contents with waste oil and using the mixture as fuel. An estimated
600 drums were removed from the site by the potentially responsible parties in
1986 and were disposed of in a federally approved facility. In 1989, the EPA constructed a
fence around the unfenced portion of the site and posted warning signs in an effort to limit
site access. Also in 1989, the EPA, in conjunction with the State, completed shredding and
removing the tires from the site.
Groundwater: The EPA and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA)
have amended the groundwater remedy to delete three of the four cleanup
components selected in 1988: pumping groundwater from the surface aquifer;
supplying city water to private well users; and placing restrictions on new wells. However,
groundwater monitoring will continue for approximately 5 years. Ten monitoring wells and
one residential well will be sampled two times a year. After the fifth year of monitoring, data
will be reviewed to decide if further monitoring is necessary. Wells will be immediately re-
sampled if cleanup levels are exceeded. If re-sampling confirms cleanup levels have been
exceeded, further actions will be taken. Non-monitored wells will be properly plugged and
abandoned.
May 1994 SOUTH ANDOVER SITE
-------
Soils, Surface Water, and Sediment: The EPA selected a cleanup remedy in
1991 which involves excavating and biologically treating 2,100 cubic yards of PAH-
contaminated soil from three isolated areas. Treatment will occur in an above-
ground unit and treated soil will be returned to the site as clean fill. The remaining 9,300
cubic yards of PCB-, PAH-, lead- and antimony-contaminated soil from four other isolated
areas will be taken to a permitted landfill for final disposal. The selected cleanup remedy also
includes sampling of surface water and sediments from two wetlands on and adjacent to the
site. The parties potentially responsible for site contamination are expected to begin designing
the selected remedies in late 1992.
Site Facts: In 1976, the State issued a Citation of Violation to Cecil and Marian
Heidelberger for unregulated chemical waste storage. In 1982, the EPA notified 16
potentially responsible parties that they may be liable for cleanup at the site. An early
investigation of the site was initiated by the State in 1973, after a citizen lodged a complaint
of suspected contamination in a residential well. In August 1993, a two party Consent Decree
was entered in the federal courts between U.S. EPA and sixteen Settling Defendants. The
Consent Decree compelled the Settling Defendants to design and implement the remedy.
Environmental Progress
By removing contaminated drums, fencing the area of contamination, and removing
numerous tires from the site, the potential for direct exposure to hazardous materials at the
South Andover Site facility has been reduced while design activities leading to the permanent
cleanup of the site take place. Completion of site cleanup activities is anticipated to occur in
the fall of 1994 under a federal Consent Decree.
Site Repository
Andover City Hall, 1685 Crosstown Boulevard, Northwest, Andover, MN 55403
SOUTH ANDOVER SITE
May 1994
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ST. AUGUSTA
SANITARY LAI9
ENGEN DUMP
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND981002256
EPA REGION 5
Stearns County
1 mile from St. Augusta
Other Names:
t. Cloud Dump
Site Description
The 75-acre St. Augusta Sanitary Landfill/Engen Dump site operated as a dump and landfill.
The 10-acre Engen Dump portion of the site operated from 1966 to 1971. The 40-acre St.
Augusta Landfill was operated as a sanitary landfill, licensed by the State, from 1971 until
1982. Paint wastes, solvents, sludges, and ash from hazardous waste incineration were buried
at the site. Records indicate that open burning occurred at the Engen Dump portion of the
site. There also was evidence of illegal dumping of wastes in the early 1980s. Also, erosion
has at times exposed filled waste at the St. Augusta site, and a leachate seep has been
noticed on the northern side of the landfill. In 1983, the landfill and dump ceased operations
and were covered with a cap. Fencing around the site is inadequate, and there is evidence of
site use by recreational vehicles and hunters. St. Augusta has an approximate population of
2,500. The Mississippi River borders the old Engen Dump area of the site. Johnson Creek
runs to the south of the site. One nearby residence has a private well, which is regularly
monitored. Since groundwater flow is toward the Mississippi River, site contaminants may be
reaching the river, which is used as a major drinking water resource.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/18/85
Final Date: 07/21/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals including arsenic, barium, and
lead; volatile organic compounds (VOCs); atrazine; and phthalates. Health threats
include coming in direct contact with and ingestion of contaminated groundwater.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a single long-term remedial phase focusing on institutional
controls to prohibit installation of drinking water wells; continued groundwater monitoring;
regarding and revegetation of the landfill cover; removal of surface debris; and regarding and
revegetation of the dump cover; placement of barriers and posting of warning signs; passive
gas venting; monitoring of gas; institutional controls to prohibit building on the site; and the
establishment of groundwater intervention limits that, if violated, would require
implementation of additional groundwater corrective action.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: A steering committee representing potentially responsible parties has
installed monitoring wells, taken yearly samples, and conducted a hydrogeological
study. An investigation to determine the nature and extent of contamination began
in 1991 and is scheduled for completion in 1993.
Site Facts: Approximately 40 parties potentially responsible for wastes associated with the
site have formed a steering committee to address contamination at the site.
Environmental Progress
A public meeting was held March 2, 1994, to explain to the public the proposed cleanup plan
for the site. A final decision about the proposed cleanup plan will be documented in a
Record of Decision (ROD) scheduled for June 1994. The ROD will include a summary of
the public's comments and the agencies responses to those comments.
Site Repository
Great River Regional Library, 405 St. Germain Street, St. Cloud, MN 56301
May 1994 ST AUGUSTA SANITARY LANDFILL7 ENGEN DUMP
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ST. LOUIS R
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND039045430
ITE
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
St. Louis County
iles southwest of Duluth's central
business district
Other Names:
U.S. Steel Corp. Duluth Workshop
Interlake/Duluth Tar
The 640 acre St. Louis River Site contains two different areas: the St. Louis
River/Tnterlake/Duluth Tar Area and the U.S. Steel or USX area. These areas are separated
by 4 miles of river. The USX Corporation began operation of an integrated steel mill on this
site in 1915. Operations included coke and iron production, open hearth steel production,
rolling, and wire milling. The USX Duluth Works closed in 1979; however, the wire mill
building was used by the lessee until 1987. There is extensive contamination of the sediments,
soil, surface water, and groundwater with coke and tar products, which contain high
concentrations of polynucleararomatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Demolition of most of the site
buildings has occurred, and some pipes and tanks used for storage in the past have been
cleaned and dismantled. The St. Louis River and associated wetlands run along the eastern
and southern sides of the site. The Interlake/Duluth Tar area is located about 3 miles from
Duluth. It occupies 230 acres, consisting of the 54th Avenue Peninsula, a boat slip, the
Hallett Peninsula, the Stryker embayment, and the Keene Creek Bay. The Hallett Peninsula
has a long history of industrial use for pig iron manufacturing, coking operations, and related
industries from the late 1800s to about 1962. Zenith Furnace Company began operating a
blast furnace on site in 1902 and added coke ovens in 1904. The Zenith facilities were
acquired by Interlake Iron Corporation in 1930. Interlake continued to operate the coking
ovens, and more ovens were added in 1939. Interlake operated the blast furnace until 1960
and the coke ovens until 1961. In 1962, the blast furnace was toppled and the coke ovens
were emptied. Between approximately 1904 and 1916, Duluth Tar and Chemical Company,
and from approximately 1916 and 1924, the Barrett Company, produced tar products from
waste tar obtained from Interlake. Between 1924 and 1948, Dominion, American Tar and
Chemical Company, and American Tar Products, produced products using tar from Interlake.
Most of the buildings from these businesses have been removed. Presently, Hallett Dock
Company, an auto junkyard, and other small businesses operate on the site. The St. Louis
River is located south of this area. The river empties into Lake Superior 4 miles downstream
of the site. Approximately 800 people live within a mile of the site. Contaminated
groundwater is not used as a drinking water source. Drinking water is supplied from an intake
several miles from the mouth of Lake Superior.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
May 1994
-------
Threats and Contaminants
Air at the site may contain contaminated dust and volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) when the surface soil is disturbed. The groundwater at both site areas is
contaminated with PAHs. Sediments and soils at the U.S. Steel area contain
PAHs. Sediments and soils at the Interlake/Duluth Tar Area contain PAHs and
tars. The surface water at the U.S. Steel area is contaminated with PAHs. The
tanks and pipes are contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). If the
contaminated soil, sediments, surface water and groundwater are accidentally
swallowed or touched, health hazards could ensue. The site also could contaminate
the wetlands adjacent to the U.S. Steel site and the St. Louis River itself. There is
a fish advisory in effect, "No swimming" signs are posted, and there are some
restrictions on access to the two site areas.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in stages: initial actions, cleanup of the U.S. Steel area, and
cleanup of the tar seeps, soils, and sediments at the Interlake/Duluth Tar area.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Several initial actions have been completed to remove
contaminated materials at both areas of the site. Most buildings at both areas of
the site have been demolished, and tanks and pipes have been cleaned and
Interlake/Duluth Tar Area: The State has completed an investigation into the
nature and extent of contamination on the Interlake/Duluth Tar portion of the
site. A final study conducted by the PRPs focusing on the cleanup alternatives for
the soil and groundwater is expected to be completed in 1994. A final focusing on the
cleanup alternatives for the sediments should be completed in 1995.
U.S. Steel Area: The State has selected the following remedy to clean up the
U.S. Steel portion of the site: excavating and removing the tar-contaminated soil
and using it as fuel; discharging the contaminated water to the publicly owned
water treatment facility; incinerating PCB liquids; landfarming of some materials; surface
water and groundwater monitoring; and disposing of wastes in an approved landfill. The PRPs
have begun site cleanup activities.
Tar Seeps at the Interlake/Duluth Area: In 1990, the EPA selected a remedy
to excavate the tar seeps present on the soil surface and to burn the tar as fuel.
These cleanup activities were undertaken by the parties potentially responsible for
the contamination and were completed by 1993.
May 1994 ST. LOUIS RIVER SITE
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Environmental Progress
The demolition of contaminated buildings, cleanup and dismantling of contaminated tanks
and pipes, and the excavation and removal of the tar seep materials have reduced the
potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the St. Louis River Site while further studies
and cleanup activities are taking place.
Site Repository
Duluth Public Library, 520 West Superior Street, Duluth, MN 55802
ST. LOUIS RIVER SITE
May 1994
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ST. REGIS PA
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND057597940
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Cass County
hippewa National Forest
Other Names:
Wheelers Division
The St. Regis Paper Co. site occupies 125 acres in the Chippewa National Forest between
Pike Bay and Cass Lake. Wood treatment activities began at the site in the 1950s while the
land was leased from the Great Northern Railroad. In 1957, pressure treatment of lumber
with creosote was being used in the wood treatment process; wastewater from this process
was discharged into a disposal pond. In 1960, pentachlorophenol (PCP) was being used to
pressure-treat wood products. Wastewater from this process was discharged into three
disposal ponds. In mid-1971, the three ponds were replaced by a new pond. Since mid-1980,
the plant's wastewater was evaporated, and the residue was placed in barrels for transport to
a hazardous waste disposal facility. Prior to this action, sludge reportedly was hauled to the
southwestern corner of the property before it was transported to an off-site disposal facility.
Also, the pond was dredged on one occasion, and the contents were placed around the sides
of the pond. Drinking water in the area comes from private and municipal wells. The
Chippewa National Forest, Pike Bay, and Cass Lake have a potential of being contaminated
by the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),
phenolic compounds, low levels of metals, and dioxins. The soil is contaminated
with PAHs, PCPs, dioxin, and arsenic, while the surface water is contaminated with
PAHs and phenolic compounds. The contaminated soil and groundwater could
have adverse health effects if accidentally ingested or directly contacted. Seepage
from the site could potentially flow into the nearby wetlands and be harmful to the
plant and animal life.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1986, the State decided to excavate the contaminated soil and
store it in an on-site vault. The contaminated soil has been excavated and stored,
and the groundwater is being treated by the carbon adsorption method before
being discharged to the surface water. This treatment system has been operative for the last 5
years and will continue until contamination is reduced to safe cleanup levels.
Site Facts: Two Consent Orders signed by the State of Minnesota and Champion
International in 1985 gave Champion International the responsibility to conduct the
investigation to determine the nature and extent of site contamination and to develop a plan
for cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The ongoing groundwater treatment program and soil excavation have significantly reduced
the potential for exposure to soil contaminants at the St. Regis Paper Co. site. The
groundwater treatment is expected to continue until cleanup goals are met.
Site Repository
Not established.
May 1994
ST. REGIS PAPER CO.
-------
TWIN CITIE
FORCE RE
BASE (SMA
RANGE LA
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MN8570024275I
EPA REGION 5
Hennepin County
Minneapolis-St. Paul
International Airport Complex
Other Names:
Air Force Mlnneapolis-St. Paul
International Airport
Small Arms Range Landfill
Site Description
Since 1944, the 280-acre Twin Cities Air Force Reserve Base (Small Arms Range Landfill)
was used for operations that resulted in the storage and disposal of hazardous substances.
The Small Arms Range Landfill was the main base landfill from 1963 to 1972. The site is
along the Minnesota River and covers approximately 3 acres. In addition to general base
refuse, quantities of paint sludge, paint filters, and leaded-fuel sludge also were disposed of at
the landfill. The site is within the 100-year flood plain of the Minnesota River and is
periodically flooded, resulting in the release of chromium, lead, and zinc to the river.
Approximately 64,700 people living in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area depend on
public and private wells for drinking water within a 3-mile area of the landfill.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 07/21/87
Threats and Contaminants
Monitoring wells have shown contamination with low levels of mercury, chromium,
lead, and zinc in the groundwater. Soil and sludge were contaminated with paint
by-products and petrochemicals. Individuals who accidentally ingested or had direct
contact with contaminated groundwater, soil, or sludge may have suffered adverse
health effects; however, the site has been fenced, restricting access to site-related
contaminants. The northern boundary of the Minnesota Valley National Wildlife
Refuge lies 500 feet from the landfill.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In the spring of 1987, the EPA secured the site, posted
warning signs, transferred liquids to on-site storage tanks, shipped 69 drums of
organic sludges for incineration, and transported 35 cubic yards of contaminated
soil for off-site disposal.
Entire Site: The Air Force completed an investigation of the site in 1992,
determining the extent of contamination. The selected remedies include natural
attenuation and monitoring of the groundwater and deed restrictions to limit site
use. In addition, a fence has been constructed to secure the site. After two years of
monitoring the groundwater, the site will be re-evaluated to ensure that natural attenuation is
sufficiently reducing groundwater contamination.
Site Facts: The Twin Cities Air Force Reserve Base is participating in the Installation
Restoration Program, a specially funded program established by the Department of Defense
(DOD) in 1978 to identify, investigate, and control the migration of hazardous contaminants
at military and other DOD facilities.
Environmental Progress
The immediate actions, including the removal of liquid and solid wastes and contaminated
soil, have greatly reduced the potential for .exposure to hazardous substances at the Twin
Cities Air Force Reserve Base (Small Arms Range Landfill) site while groundwater
monitoring to ensure the continued reduction of contamination is taking place.
Site Repository
Southdale Hennepin Area Library, 7001 York Avenue South, Edina, MN 55435
May 1994
TWIN CITIES AIR FORCE RESERVE BASE
(SMALL ARMS RANGE LANDFILL)
-------
UNION SCRA
& METAL CO
MINNESOTA
EPAID# MND022949192
EPA REGION 5
Hennepin County
North Minneapolis
Site Description
Union Scrap Iron & Metal Company sorted and crushed lead battery fragments on this 1/4-
acre site from 1973 to 1980. Lead was separated and sold for recycling. The remaining plastic
and rubber fragments, which also contained lead, accumulated in piles. Approximately 30,000
tons of these fragments were on the site. According to the State, airborne lead levels
adjacent to the site were significantly high. There was also a potential for groundwater and
surface water contamination. Approximately 3,700 people live within a 1/2-mile radius of the
site and 17,100 live within 1 mile. There are three schools within 1 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Deleted Date: 09/10/91
Threats and Contaminants
The air was contaminated with lead. The soil and sludge were contaminated with
heavy metals including lead, arsenic, cadmium, nickel and copper, as well as
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The site is located in a predominantly
commercial area; the potential for exposure to airborne particulates existed for
people traveling and working near the area prior to the completion of cleanup
activities.
Cleanup Approach
This site was addressed through emergency actions; further investigations showed that no
other cleanup activities were required.
May 1994
-------
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1985, the EPA covered the contaminated piles with
tarpaulins and weighted them with tires to prevent erosion and air pollution. A
fence also was installed. In 1987, the EPA removed the battery debris, casings,
and contaminated soil from the property and refilled the area with clean fill. Contaminated
materials were removed from sewer lines. Existing buildings were decontaminated and
demolished. In 1989, a cement pad and the waste beneath it were removed.
Entire Site: The EPA conducted an investigation of the site to determine the
nature and the extent of the contamination. The results of the investigation
indicated that no significant contamination remained on the site after the
completion of the emergency actions. The EPA, therefore, determined in 1990 that no
further action would be taken at this site. The site was deleted from the NPL in 1991.
Environmental Progress
The emergency actions described above have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminated materials at the Union Scrap Iron & Metal Company site. Because of these
actions, all cleanup goals for surface contamination have been met, and no significant
contamination remains on the site, making the surroundings safe for nearby residents and the
environment. The site has been designated for unrestricted use, and no further monitoring is
necessary. The EPA deleted the site from the NPL in 1991.
Site Repository
Minneapolis Public Library, 300 Nicollet Mall, Minneapolis, MN 55401
May 1994
UNION SCRAP IRON & METAL COMPANY
-------
UNIVERSITY O
MINNESOTA
(ROSEMOUNT
RESEARCH CE
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND980613780
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Dakota County
H Rosemount
• .—J Other Names:
?Rosemount Research Center
The University of Minnesota formerly operated this 4-acre disposal site, which includes the
following six areas: (1) a burn pit, constructed in 1968, which received about 7,000 gallons of
waste per year (a second pit existed in the early 1960s and received about 100 gallons of
waste per year); (2) a used equipment area that may have been used for storing and salvaging
of electrical equipment and lead batteries and for disposal of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-
contaminated oil (two incinerators also were operated in this area and may have been fueled
by transformer oil); (3) a transformer area where a PCB spill occurred in the 1970s; (4) an
oxidation pond and a Research Center Sewer System area that now receive sanitary sewer
discharges; (5) a dump area where construction, demolition, and municipal wastes have been
placed; and (6) a former Process Water Lagoon area, which operated for 4 months in 1945
and received sulfuric acid, nitric acid, ammonia, and ether. Between 1960 and 1973, the
University buried and incinerated gaseous, liquid, and chemical laboratory wastes on the site.
The University detected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals in monitoring
wells and soil on site in 1972. New monitoring data collected by the State in 1984 indicate
that the contamination is spreading. Approximately 9,600 people use wells within 3 miles of
the site as a source of drinking water. The closest well downslope of the burn pit is 9,500 feet
away. Employee and tenant work areas are within 1,000 feet from the used equipment area.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals including lead, copper, and
zinc; VOCs including chloroform; and nitrates. The soil is contaminated with
VOCs; heavy metals including lead, chromium, copper, and zinc; pesticides
including lindane and chlordane; dioxins; and PCBs. The contaminated soil and
groundwater could pose health problems to individuals if directly contacted or
ingested.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on groundwater
cleanup and cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Groundwater: The University has taken the responsibility for monitoring the
groundwater. Also, the University is supplying bottled water to 28 families in
Rosemount. A groundwater pump-out system has been constructed and is
operational. Construction of a permanent water supply system was completed in late 1991.
The wells in the area no longer exceed the State's Recommended Allowable Limit for
chloroform; however, the University constructed the water supply system on its own.
Entire Site: The EPA and the State have completed an investigation into the soil
contamination at the site. In 1990, lead-contaminated soil was removed and
disposed of off site in a federally approved landfill. Soil heavily contaminated with
PCBs have been treated on site using an on-site incineration process. The incineration of
contaminated soils have been completed. Final cleanup actions, such as restricting access
with man-made barriers around the site, and putting on a vegetative cover will be completed
by the fall of 1994.
Site Facts: In 1986, under a State Order, the University of Minnesota conducted an
investigation of the site. The Order also called for the removal of contaminated soil and
monitoring of the contaminated groundwater.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternative water supply to affected families and the ongoing cleanup
activities described above have greatly reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous
substances in the drinking water. Final cleanup activities are being completed for on-site
contaminated soils at the University of Minnesota (Rosemont Research Center) site.
Site Repository
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155
May 1994 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
(ROSEMOUNT RESEARCH CENTER)
-------
WAITE PARK
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND981002249
EPA REGION 5
Stearns County
St. Cloud
Site Description
The Waite Park Wells site contains four municipal water wells. Wells 1 and 3 are located on
Burlington Northern Car Shop property and were found to be contaminated with volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) in 1984. Burlington Northern has constructed and repaired
railroad cars on the site since 1894. The activities generated wastes that included oils and
greases, sandblast sand, calcium hydroxide, solvents, paints, and polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs). Burlington Northern ceased operations at this facility around 1980 and has donated
much of the land to the City of Waite Park. The Electric Machinery plant has manufactured
electric generators since 1969. The plant had four major waste streams: waste oils and
lubricants, resins from the thermoplastics operation, coolant from the machine shop, and
solvents and paints from a paint booth. There were several disposal and storage areas on the
property. Approximately 4,000 people reside in Waite Park, and 3,500 people are served by
the municipal water system. The adjacent Sauk River joins the Mississippi River 2 miles from
the site. The nearest houses are approximately 50 feet from the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and municipal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/18/85
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soil are contaminated with VOCs. Sandblast sand and soils
are contaminated with heavy metals, VOCs, and PCBs. Individuals may face a
health risk if they ingest contaminated water or directly contact contaminated soil.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on cleanup of the Electric Machinery property and cleanup of the Burlington
Northern property.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: The contaminated wells were taken out of service immediately,
with an emergency hookup to the St. Cloud water supply established in 1985.
Since 1988, an air stripper has been operated by the municipality to treat the
groundwater from these two municipal wells.
Electric Machinery Property: The remedy selected for cleanup of the Electric
Machinery property includes: installing groundwater extraction wells in the
contaminated plume; pumping and treating contaminated groundwater through an
air stripper and discharging the treated water to the Sauk River; and restricting access to the
site by installing a fence and security system around the site. Groundwater pumping and air
stripping still are taking place. All other cleanup activities have been completed.
Burlington Northern Property: The State conducted an additional investigation
to further define the areas of contamination at this site and to determine if
additional cleanup actions will be required. To date, the sandblast sands have been
sampled. The feasibility study for this area is expected to be completed in late 1994. The
remedy will be selected shortly after the feasibility study is released to the public.
Environmental Progress
The emergency hookup to the municipal water system, installation and operation of the air
stripper water treatment system, and securing of the site have greatly reduced the potential
for exposure to contaminated soil and groundwater while further investigation and cleanup
activities are taking place at the Waite Park Wells site.
Site Repository
Waite Park Branch Library, 612 North Third Street, Waite Park, MN 56387
May 1994 WAITE PARK WELLS
-------
WASHINGTO
COUNTY LAN
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND980704738
EPA REGION 5
Washington County
Lake Elmo
Site Description
From 1969 to 1975, Washington and Ramsey Counties operated a sanitary landfill at the 40-
acre Washington County Landfill site. After operations were discontinued in 1975, a clean
soil cap was placed on the landfill. In 1981, groundwater monitoring indicated the presence of
elevated concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and some heavy metals in on-
site monitoring wells and off-site residential wells. In 1983 and 1984, alternate drinking water
supplies were provided to affected residences. In 1983, Ramsey and Washington Counties
installed a pump and treat system to contain on-site any potential groundwater contamination
from the landfill. The site is near a populated residential development, with farmland,
recreational land, and several lakes in the area.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, County, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs. Individuals may face a health risk from
ingesting or directly contacting contaminated groundwater; however, it is unlikely
as all local residents have been connected to the City of Oakdale public water
supply.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: an immediate action and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site and provision of a safe drinking water source.
May 1994
-------
Response Action Status
Immediate Action: In 1983 and 1984, alternate drinking water supplies were
provided to affected residences, and Ramsey and Washington Counties installed a
groundwater extraction and treatment system.
Entire Site: Cleanup remedies selected by the EPA include: installing and
operating a groundwater gradient control operation at the site; providing safe
drinking water supplies for affected residences; monitoring the landfill and the
effectiveness of the groundwater gradient control system; instituting appropriate landfill
security and safety procedures; and implementing a closure plan. The groundwater gradient
control system is in operation and monitoring of the groundwater will continue until the long-
term effectiveness of the remedy is confirmed. Landfill closure was completed, with
provisions for monitoring explosive gases, which can develop and migrate away from the site.
Dangerous levels of explosive gas were discovered in soils on and adjacent to the site in 1992.
Plans were developed for a gas control system for the site. Construction was completed in
December 1993 and the system is expected to be fully operational in 1994.
Drinking Water: In September 1990, a remedy was selected to supply drinking
water to residents of 10 homes in Lake Elmo who have received Minnesota
Department of Health advisories against using their existing well water for
drinking or cooking. The remedy called for these 10 homes to be connected to the City of
Oakdale public water supply system. Construction of the connections was completed in 1992.
Site Facts: In 1984, a Consent Order was signed between the Counties and the MPCA for
the Counties to perform cleanup activities. In early 1992, the EPA issued a Unilateral
Administrative Order, (UAO) to the Counties, requiring them to continue cleanup activities
under EPA monitoring. In early 1993, EPA issued an amended UAO to the counties which
incorporated explosive gas control requirements for the site.
Environmental Progress
The immediate and continuing actions to supply alternative water to affected residences have
eliminated the potential for exposure to hazardous substances in the drinking water at the
Washington County Landfill site.
Site Repository
Washington County Library, 2150 Radio Drive, Woodbury, MN 55125
May 1994
WASHINGTON COUNTY LANDFILL
-------
WASTE DISP
ENGINEERIN
MINNESOTA
EPAID# MND980609119
PA REGION 5
Anoka County
Andover
Site Description
The 114-acre Waste Disposal Engineering site operated as a dump and landfill for
approximately 20 years, closing in early 1983. Hazardous wastes were disposed of throughout
the landfill during site operation. From 1972 until 1974, paint sludges, solvents, oils, caustics,
and acids were disposed of in an asphalt-lined pit on the site. Poor operating practices and
spills contributed to the site contamination. In 1982, lime sludge generated by the
Minneapolis Drinking Water Treatment Plant was deposited at the site. The landfill covers 73
acres of refuse area and contains approximately 2,500,000 cubic yards of waste. Groundwater
directly under the site is contaminated primarily with volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Area residents rely on groundwater for their potable water source. The area surrounding the
site is residential, agricultural, and commercial. The site is bordered by Coon Creek.
Site Responsibility:
The site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/16/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
7H
Groundwater, soil gas, and Coon Creek contain VOCs from wastes deposited in
the landfill. Individuals may be exposed to contaminants through accidental
ingestion of, inhalation of, or direct contact with groundwater, soil gas, or surface
water.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1987, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the site by pumping
and treating the groundwater using carbon adsorption and discharging the treated
water to Coon Creek; installing a soil cap to completely cover the landfill;
installing a clay groundwater cut-off wall; restricting well use; filling in a wetland and
constructing an alternate wetland to replace the lost habitat; and monitoring the site.
Construction of the final site remedy began in 1992 and will be completed in 1994.
Groundwater cleanup will continue as a long-term phase of the remedy.
Environmental Progress
An initial evaluation by the EPA of the Waste Disposal Engineering site determined that no
immediate actions are necessary to protect the public or the environment from immediate
threats while design activities take place.
Site Repository
Andover City Hall, 1685 Crosstown Boulevard, Andover, MN 55304
May 1994
WASTE DISPOSAL ENGINEERING
-------
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND00625223
EPA REGION 5
Hennepin County
Minneapolis
Other Names:
Minneapolis Coatings &
Chemical Division
Site Description
The 1-acre Whittaker Corp. site is located within a 10-acre tract of land. During World War
II, Triploil Holding Company operated on the site and repackaged war materials, including
antifreeze and oil, for the military. In the 1950s, Triploil expanded its operations by acquiring
Midwestern Copper Works, which manufactures industrial coatings. Resins and industrial
coatings were produced on the property. Raw materials were stored in underground storage
tanks, in diked aboveground storage tanks, in drums, or inside the plant. Waste products were
used in the manufacturing process, condensed into steam, incinerated on site, or disposed of
in a low, swampy area on the site. Hazardous materials were found during a 1978 excavation
for a parking lot. The site is located within an industrial area of Minneapolis. The Mississippi
River is approximately 1,200 feet to the west of the site. There are four industrial and four
residential wells in the nearby area.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil were found to be contaminated with heavy metals including
cadmium and lead, as well as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Ingestion of or
direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soil could pose a health risk.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1985, the following actions were initiated: excavation of buried
drums; removal of contaminated soils from the disposal area; shipment of all
hazardous wastes to permitted disposal facilities; and pumping and treating of
recovered groundwater. All excavation and removal activities have been completed. The
groundwater is being treated by an air stripper, then discharged to a storm sewer. Whittaker
is continuing operation of the groundwater treatment system until establish cleanup goals
have been met.
Environmental Progress
The removal and treatment actions described above have reduced the potential for exposure
to contaminated materials at the Whittaker Corp. site while further pumping and treating of
the groundwater continues.
Site Repository
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155
May 1994
WHITTAKER CORPORATION
-------
WINDOM DU
MINNESOTA
EPA ID# MND980034516
EPA REGION 5
Cottonwood County
Windom
Site Description
Prior to the 1930s, the 11-acre Windom Dump site was quarried for sand and gravel, almost
to the level of the water table. The site was used for the burning of municipal and industrial
wastes from the 1930s until 1971. From 1971 to 1974, municipal wastes and some industrial
wastes were placed in a fill area along the pit. However, burning of paint sludges continued
during this time. The site was closed in 1974, although the City of Windom has continued to
place demolition asphalt and concrete over the fill area. The population of Windom is
approximately 4,500. Land near the site is comprised of residences and is used for farming
and industrial activities. An elementary school is two blocks to the west of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium, and chromium. VOCs also were detected
in the soil. The contaminated groundwater and soil could have posed a health
hazard if touched or ingested. Possible contamination of private wells and the city
drinking water supply with VOCs was a major concern.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
May 1994
-------
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Under EPA supervision, the potentially responsible parties conducted
an investigation at the site to determine the nature and the extent of the
contamination. As part of the investigation, a fence was constructed around the
borders of the site and six monitoring wells were installed by the City. In 1985, the Minnesota
Department of Health sampled the City's municipal and residential wells. In 1987, an
additional 12 monitoring wells were installed. The parties potentially responsible for site
contamination performed the following activities to clean up the site: graded the site to
control erosion; covered the site with compacted clay and other materials which are
impermeable to water; provided a drainage layer; and installed a cover to prevent water and
wind erosion. Intervention limits for the contaminants of concern also were established. These
intervention limits were exceeded in 1989, so an extraction and treatment system was
installed. Groundwater extraction and treatment will continue until cleanup levels are met.
Otherwise, all planned cleanup activities have been completed.
Environmental Progress
The numerous cleanup activities described above have reduced the potential for exposure to
hazardous substances at the Windom Dump site, while groundwater pumping and treating
continue to lower contamination levels.
Site Repository
Windom Public Library, 904 4th Avenue, Windom, MN 56101
May 1994
WINDOM DUMP
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GLOSSARY
Terms Used in the NPL Book
This glossary defines terms used throughout the NPL Volumes. The terms and
abbreviations contained in this glossary apply specifically to work performed
under the Superfund program in the context of hazardous waste management. These
terms may have other meanings when used in a different context. A table of common
toxic chemicals found at NPL sites, the ir xowces, and their potential threats is located
on page G-15
Acids: Substances, characterized by low pH
(less than 7.0), that are used in chemical manu-
facturing. Acids in nigh concentration can be
very corrosive and react with inanv inorganic
and organic substances. These reactions possi-
bly may create toxic compounds or release
heavy metal contaminants that remain in the
environment long after the acid is neutralized.
Administrative Order On Consent: A
legal and enforceable agreement between the
EPA and the parries potentially responsible for
site contamination. Under the terms of the
Order, the potentially responsible parties (PRPs)
agree to perform or pay for site studies or
cleanups. It also describes the oversight rules.
responsibilities, and enforcement options that
the government may exercise in the event of
non-compliance by potentially responsible
parties. This Order is signed by PRPs and the
government: it does not require approval by a
judge.
Administrative Order [Unilateral]: A
legally binding document issued by the EPA,
directing the parties potentially responsible to
perform site cleanups or studies (generally, the
EPA does not issue Unilateral Orders for site
studies). This type of Order is not signed by the
PRPs and does not require approval by a judge.
Aeration: A process that promotes breakdown
of contaminants in soil or water by exposing
them to air.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Dis-
ease Registry (ATSDR): The Federal
agency within the U.S. Public Health Service
charged with carrying out the health-related
responsibilities of CERCLA.
Air Stripping: A process whereby volatile
organic chemicals (VOCs) ore removed from
contaminated material by forcing a stream of air
through the contaminated material in a pressur-
ized vessel. The contaminants are evaporated
into the air stream. The air may be further
treated before it is released into the atmosphere.
Ambient Air: Any unconfined pan of the
atmosphere. Refers to the air that may be
inhaled by workers or residents in the vicinity of
contaminated air sources.
Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate
Requirements (ARARs): Federal State, or
local laws which apply to Superfund activities at
NPL sites. Both emergency and long-term
actions must comply with these laws or provide
sound reasons for allowing a waiver. ARARs
must be identified for each site relative to the
characteristics of the site, the substances found
at the site, or the cleanup alternatives being
considered for the site.
-------
GLOSSARY
properties, which increase cleaning ertiuency.
However, these properties also cause chemical
reactions that increase the hazard to human
health and the environment.
Carbon Treatment: [see Carbon Adsorp-
tion).
Cell: [n solid waste disposal, one of a series of
holes in a landfill where waste is dumped.
compacted, and covered with layers of dirt
CERCLA: [see Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response. Compensation, and Liability Act).
Characterization: The sampling, monitoring.
and analysis of a site to determine the extent and
nature of toxic releases. Characterization
provides the basis for acquiring the necessary
technical information to develop, screen, ana-
lyze, and select appropriate cleanup techniques.
Chemical Rxation: The use of chemicals to
bind contaminants, thereby reducing the poten-
tial for leaching or other movement.
Chromated Copper Arsenate: An insecti-
cide/herbicide formed from salts of three toxic
metals: copper, chromium, and arsenic. This
salt is used extensively as a wood preservative
in pressure-treating operations. It is highly toxic
and water-soluble, making it a relatively mobile
contaminant in the environment
Cleanup: Actions taken to eliminate a release
or threat of release of a hazardous substance.
The term "cleanup" sometimes is used inter-
changeably with the terms remedial action.
removal action, response action, or corrective
action.
Closure: The process by which a landfill stops
accepting wastes and is shut down under Federal
guidelines true ensure the protection ot the
public and the environment.
Comment Period: A specific interval during
which the public can review and comment on
various documents and EPA actions related to
site cleanup. For example, a comment period is
provided when the EPA proposes to add sites to
the NPL. Also, there is minimum 5-week
comment period for community members to
review and comment on the remedy proposed to
clean up a site.
Community Relations: The EPA effort to
establish and maintain two-way communication
with the public. The goals of community
relations programs include creating an under-
standing of EPA programs and related actions,
assuring public input into decision-making
processes related to affected communities, and
making certain that the Agency is aware of. and
responsive to. public concerns. Specific com-
munity relations activities are required in
relation to Superfund cleanup actions [see
Comment Period].
Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation, and Liability
Act (CERCLA): Congress enacted the
CERCLA. known as Superfund, in 19X0 to
respond directly to hazardous waste problems
that may pose a threat to the public health and
the environment The EPA administers the
Superfund program.
Confluence: The place where two bodies of
water, such as streams or rivers, come together.
Confined Aquifer: An aquifer in which
groundwater is confined under pressure that is
significantly greater than atmospheric pressure.
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GLOSSARY
Dike: A low wail that can act as a bamer to
prevent a spill from .spreading.
Dioxin: An organic chemical by-product or
pesticide manuracture which is known to be one
of the most toxic man-made chemicals.
Disposal: Final placement or destruction of
toxic, radioactive, or other wastes: surplus or
banned pesticides or other chemicals: polluted
soils: and drums containing hazardous materials.
Disposal may be accomplished through the use
of approved secure landfills, surface impound-
ments, land farming, deep well injection, or
incineration.
Downgradient: A downward hydroiogic
slope that causes groundwater to move toward
lower elevations. Therefore, wells downyudi-
ent of a contaminated groundwater source are
prone to receiving pollutants.
Ecological Assessment: A study of the
impact of man-made or natural activity on living
creatures and their environment
Effluent: Wastewater. treated or untreated.
that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, or
industrial outfall. Generally refers to wastes
discharged into surface waters.
Emission: Pollution discharged into the
atmosphere from smokestacks, other vents, and
surface areas of commercial or industrial facili-
ties.
Emulsifiers: Substances that help in mixing
materials that do not normally mix: e.g.. oil and
water.
Endangerment Assessment: A study
conducted to determine the risks posed to public-
health or the environment by contamination at
NPL sites. The EPA or the State conducts the
study when a legal action is to be taken to direct
the potentially responsible parties to clean up a
site or pay for the cleanup. An endangerment
assessment supplements an investigation of the
site hazards.
Enforcement: EPA. State, or local legal
actions taken against parties to facilitate
settlements; to compel compliance with laws.
rules, regulations, or agreements: or to obtain
penalties or criminal sanctions for violations.
Enforcement procedures may vary, depending
on the specific requirements of different
environmental laws and related regulatory
requirements. Under CERCLA. for example.
the EPA will seek to require potentially
responsible panics to clean up a Superfund
site or pay for the cleanup [see Cost Recov-
ery).
Erosion: The wearing away of land surface
by wind or water. Erosion occurs naturally
from weather or surface runoff, but can be
intensified by such land-related practices as
farming, residential or industrial develop-
ment, road building, or timber-cutting. Ero-
sion may spread surface contamination to off-
site locations.
Estuary (estuarine): Areas where fresh
water from rivers and salt water from
nearshore ocean waters are mixed. These
areas may include bays, mouths of rivers, salt
marshes, and lagoons. These water ecosys-
tems shelter and feed marine life, birds, and
wildlife.
Evaporation Ponds: Areas where sewage
sludge or other watery wastes are dumped and
allowed to dry out.
Feasibility Study: The analysis of the
potential cleanup alternatives for a site. The
feasibility study usually starts as soon as the
remedial investigation is underway. In this
volume, the feasibility study is referred to as a
site study [see also Remedial Investigation].
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GLOSSARY
Hot Spot: An area or vicinity or a site contain-
ing exceptionally hjgh levels or contamination.
Hydrocarbons: Chemical compounds that
consist entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
Hydrology: The properties, distribution, and
circulation of water.
Hydrogeology: The geology of ground water.
with paracuiar emphasis on the chenustry and
movement of water.
Impoundment: A body of water or sludge
confined by a dam. dike, floodgate, or other
barrier.
Incineration: A group of treatment technolo-
gies involving destruction of waste by controlled
burning at high temperatures, e.g.. burning
sludge to reduce the remaining residues to a
non-burnable ash that can be disposed of safely
on land, in some waters, or in underground
locations.
Infiltration: The movement of water or
other liquid down through soil from precipita-
tion (rain or snow) or from application of
wasiewater to the land surface.
Influent: Water, wastcwater. or other liquid
flowing into a reservoir, basin, or treatment
plant
Injection Weil: A well into which waste
fluids are placed, under pressure, for purposes
of disposal.
Inorganic Chemicals: Chemical sub-
stances of mineral origin, not of basic carbon
structure.
Installation Restoration Program: The
specially funded program established in 197M
under which the Department of Defense has
been identifying and evaluating its hazardous
waste sites and controlling the migration of
hazardous contaminants from those sites.
Intake: The source rrom where a vvater supply
is drawn, .such a.s rrom a nver or water body.
Interagency Agreement: A written agree-
ment between the EPA and a Federal agency
that has the lead for site cleanup activities.
setting forth the roles and responsibilities of the
agencies for performing and overseeing the
activities. States often are parties to interagency
agreements.
Interim (Permit) Status: Conditions under
which hazardous waste treatment, storage,
and disposal facilities, that were operating
when regulations under the RCRA became
final in 19X0. are temporarily allowed by the
EPA to continue to operate while awaiting
denial or issuance of a permanent permit. The
facility must comply with certain regulations
to maintain interim status.
Lagoon: A shallow pond or liquid waste
containment structure. Lagoons typically are
used for the storage of wastewaters. sludges.
liquid wastes, or spent nuclear fuel.
Landfarm: To apply waste to land or incor-
porate waste into the surface soil, such as
fertilizer or soil conditioner. This practice
commonly is used for disposal of composted
wastes and sludges.
Landfill: A disposal facility where waste is
placed in or on land. Sanitary landfills are
disposal sites for non-hazardous solid wastes.
The waste is spread in layers, compacted to the
smallest practical volume, and covered with soil
at the end of each operating day. Secure chemi-
cal landfills are disposal sites for hazardous
waste. They are designed to rninirnize the
chance of release of hazardous substances into
the environment [see Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act].
Leach, Leaching [v.t]: The process by
which soluble chemical components are dis-
solved and carried through soil by water or
some other percolating liquid.
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GLOSSARY
The 60-day period may be extended if the EPA
receives u good faith offer from the PRPs
within that penod. [See also Good Faith Offer).
On-Scene Coordinator (OSC): The
predesignated EPA. Coast Guard, or Depart-
ment of Defense official who coordinates and
directs Superiund removal actions or Clean
Water Act oil- or hazardous-spill corrective
actions.
Operation and Maintenance: Activities
conducted at a site after a cleanup action is
completed to ensure that the cleanup or
containment system is functioning properly.
Organic Chemicals/Compounds:
Chemical substances containing mainly
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Outfall: The place where wastewater is
discharged into receiving waters.
Overpacking: Process used for isolating
large volumes of waste by jacketing or encap-
sulating waste to prevent further spread or
leakage of contaminating materials. Leaking
drums may be contained within oversized
barrels as an interim measure prior to removal
and final disposal.
Pentachlorophenol (POP): A synthetic.
modified petrochemical that may be used as a
wood preservative because of its toxiciry to
termites and fungi. It is a common component
of creosotes and can cause cancer.
Perched (groundwater): Groundwater
separated from another underlying body of
groundwater by a confining layer, often clay or
rock.
Percolation: The downward flow or filtering
of water or other liquids through subsurface
rock or soil layers, usually continuing down-
ward to groundwater.
Pesticide: A substance or mixture of .sub-
stances intended to prevent, destroy, or repel any
pest If misused, pesticides can accumulate in
the foodcham and contaminate me environment.
Petrochemicals: Chemical substances
produced from petroleum in refinery operations
and as fuel oil residues. These include
fluoranthene. chrysene, mineral spirits, and
refined oils. Petrochemicals are the bases from
which volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
plastics, and many pesticides are made. These
chemical substances often are toxic to humans
and the environment
Phenols: Organic compounds that are used in
plastics manufacturing and are by-products of
petroleum refining, tanning, textile, dye, and
resin manufacturing. Phenols are highly poison-
ous.
Physical Chemical Separation: The
treatment process of adding a chemical to u
substance to separate the compounds for further
treatment or disposal
Pilot Testing: A small-scale test of a pro-
posed treatment system in the field to determine
its ability to clean up specific contaminants.
Plugging: The process of stopping the flow or"
water, oil. or gas into or out of the ground
through a borehole or well penetrating the
ground.
Plume: A body of contaminated groundwater
flowing from a specific source. The movement
of the groundwater is influenced by such factors
as local groundwater flow patterns, the character
of the aquifer in which groundwater is con-
tained, and the density of contaminants [see
Migration].
Pollution: Generally, the presence of matter
or energy whose nature, location, or quantity
produces undesired health or environmental
effects.
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GLOSSARY
Record of Decision (ROD): A public
document that explains which cleanup
alternative! s) will be used to clean up sites
listed on the NPL. It is based on information
generated during the remedial investigation
and feasibility study and consideration of
public comments and community concerns.
Recovery Wells: Wells used to withdraw
contaminants or contaminated groundwater.
Recycle: The process of minimizing waste
generation by recovering usable products that
might otherwise become waste.
Remedial Action (RA): The actual con-
struction or implemenianon phase of a
Supcrtund site cleanup following the remedial
design [see Cleanup].
Remedial Design: A phase of site cleanup
where engineers design the technical specifi-
cations for cleanup remedies and technolo-
gies.
Remedial Investigation: An in-depth
study designed to gather the data necessary to
determine the nature and extent of contamina-
tion at a Superfund site, establish the criteria
for cleaning up the site, identify the prelimi-
nary alternatives for cleanup actions, and
support the technical and cost analyses of the
alternatives. The remedial investigation is
usually done with the feasibility study. In this
volume, the remedial investigation is referred
to as a site study [see also Feasibility Study].
Remedial Project Manager (RPM): The
EPA or State official responsible for oversee-
ing cleanup actions at the site.
Remedy Selection: The selection of the
final cleanup strategy for the site. At the few
sites where the EPA has determined that
initial response actions have eliminated site
contamination, or that any remaining con-
tamination will be naturally dispersed without
further ueanup activities, a 'No Action '
remedy is selected [see Record of Decision).
Removal Action: Short-term immediate
actions taken to address releases of hazardous
substances [see Cleanup].
Residual: The amount of a pollutant re-
maining in the environment after a natural or
technological process has taken place, e.g..
the sludge remaining after initial wastewater
treatment, or the paniculates remaining in air
after the air passes through a scrubber.
Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA): A Federal law that established
a regulatory system to track hazardous sub-
stances from the time of generation to dis-
posal. The law requires safe and secure
procedures to be used in treating, transport-
ing, storing, and disposing of hazardous
Substances. RCRA is designed to prevent
new, uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
Retention Pond: A small body of liquid
used for disposing of wastes and containing
overflow from production facilities. Some-
times retention ponds are used to expand the
capacity of such structures as lagoons the
store waste.
Runoff: The discharge of water over land
into surface water. It can carry pollutants
from the air and land and spread contaminants
from its source.
Scrubber: An air pollution control device
that uses a spray of water or reactant or a dry
process to trap pollutants in emissions.
Sediment: The layer of soil. sand, and
minerals at the bottom of surface waters such
oi streams, lakes, and rivers, that absorbs
contaminants.
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GLOSSARY
Solvent: A substance capable of dissolving
another substance to form a .solution. The
primary uses of industrial solvents are as
cleaners for degreaMng, in paints, and in
Pharmaceuticals. Many solvents are flam-
mable and toxic to varying degrees.
Solvent Extraction: A means of separating
hazardous contaminants from soils, sludges,
and sediment, thereby reducing the volume of
the hazardous waste that must be treated. It
generally is used as one in a series of unit
operations. An organic chemical is used to
dissolve contaminants as opposed to water-
based compounds, which usually are used in
soil washing.
Sorption: The action of soaking up or
attracting.substances. It is used in many
pollution control systems.
Special Notice Letter: [See Notice Let-
ter].
Stillbottom: Residues left over from the
process of recovering spent solvents.
Stripping: A process used to remove volatile
contaminants from a substance [see Air Strip-
ping].
Sumps: A pit or tank that catches liquid
runoff for drainage or disposal.
Superfund: The program operated under the
legislative authority of the CERCLA and
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act (SARA) to update and improve environ-
mental laws. The program has the authority to
respond directly to releases or threatened re-
leases of hazardous substances that may endan-
ger public health, welfare, or the environment
The "Superfund" is a trust fund that finances
cleanup actions at hazardous waste sites.
Surge Tanks: A holding structure used to
absorb irregularities m flow of liquids, including
liquid waste materials.
Swamp: A type of wetland that is dominated
by woody vegetation and does not accumulate
peat moss deposits. Swamps may be fresh or
saltwater and tidal or non-tidal [see Wetlands].
Thermal Treatment: The use of heat to
remove or destroy contaminants from soiL
Treatabiliry Studies: Testing a treatment
method on contaminated groundwater, soil, etc.,
to determine whether and how well the method
will work.
Trichloroethylene (TCE): A stable, color-
less liquid with a low boiling point TCE has
many industrial applications, including use as
a solvent and as a metal degreasing agent
TCE may be toxic to people when inhaled,
ingested, or through skin contact and can
damage vital organs, especially the liver (see
Volatile Organic Compounds].
Unilateral [Administrative] Order: [see
Administrative Order).
Upgradient: An upward hydrologic slope;
demarks areas that are higher than contaminated
areas and, therefore, are not prone to contamina-
tion by the movement of polluted groundwater.
Vacuum Extraction: A technology used to
remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
from soils. Vacuum pumps are connected to a
series of wells drilled to just above the water
table. The wells are sealed tightly at the soil
surface, and the vacuum established in the soil
draws VOC-contaminated air from the soil
pores into the well, as fresh air is drawn down
from the surface of the soil.
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GLOSSARY
Some Common Contaminants at NPL Sites
Contaminant t
Category
Exampte
Chemical Types
Sources
Potential Health
Threats*
Heavy Melais
Volatile Organic
Compounds
(VOCs)
Pesticides/
Herbiodes
Potycrtlonnated
biphenyts (PCBs)
Creosotes
Radiation
(Radiomjciktes}
Arsenic, Barium. Beryllium,
Cadmium, Cocalt. Copper.
Chromium. Lead, Manga-
nese. Mercury. Nickel.
Silver. Selenium, Zinc
Trichloroethviene iTCE).
Perchloroetnyiene (PCE).
Acetone. Benzene,
Ketone, Methyl chloride,
Toluene, Vinyl Chloride,
Oichlorethylene
Chlordane, DDT 4-4. DDE.
Heptachlor. Aldrin, Endrm,
Atrazme, Dieldrm, Toxa-
phene
Polyaromatic hydrocar-
bons (PAHs), Polynuclear
aromatics (PNAs),
Phenolic Tars, Pentachlo-
rophenol (PCP)
Radium-226. Radon.
Uranium-235, Uranium-
238
Electroplating, batteries.
paint pigments, photogra-
phy, smelting, thermom-
eters, fluorescent lights,
solvent recovery
Solvents ana degreasers.
gasoline octane ennanc-
ers. oils and paints, dry
cleaning fluids, chemical
manufacturing.
Agricultural applications,
pesticide and herbicide
production
Electric transformers and
capacitors, insulators and
coolants, adhesives,
caulking compounds.
carbonless copy paper,
hydraulic fluids.
Wood preserving, fossil
fuel combustion
Mine tailings, radium
products, natural decay of
granites
Tumors, cancers, and kidney,
Drain, neurological, bone and
liver damage
Cancers. Kidney and liver
damage, impairment of the
nervous system resulting in
sleepiness and headaches,
leukemia
Various effects ranging from
nausea to nervous disorders.
Dtoxin is a common by-product
of the manufacture of pesti-
cides and is both highly toxic
and a suspected carcinogen.
Cancer and liver damage.
| Cancers and skin ulcerations
with prolonged exposure
Cancer
Sources. Toxic Chemicals
Glossary of Environmental
What They Are. How They Affect You (EPA. Region 5)
Terms (EPA, 1988)
'The potential for nsk due to these contaminants is linked to a numoer ol factors: for example, the length and level of exposure
and environmental and health factors such as age.
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