£EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Transportation EPA420-R-05-001
and Air Quality July 2005
Light-Duty Automotive
Technology and Fuel Economy
Trends: 1975 Through 2005
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EPA420-R-05-001
July 2005
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2005
Robert M. Heavenrich D
Advanced Technology DivisionD
Office of Transportation and Air Quality D
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency D
NOTICED
This Technical Report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. D
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. D
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate an exchange o/D
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments. D
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For More Information
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 through 2005
(EPA420-R-05-001) is available on the Office of Transportation and Air Quality's (OTAQ) Web
site at:
www.epa.gov/otaq/fetrends.htm
Printed copies are available from the OTAQ library at:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency D
Office of Transportation and Air Quality Library D
2000 Traverwood Drive D
Ann Arbor, MI 48105 D
(734)214-43110
A copy of the Fuel Economy Guide giving city and highway fuel economy data for individual
models is available at:
www. fueleconomy.gov
or by calling the U.S. Department of Energy at (800) 423-1363.
EPA's Green Vehicle Guide providing information about the air pollution emissions and fuel
economy performance of individual models is available on EPA's Web site at:
www. epa.gov/greenvehicles/
For information about the Department of Transportation (DOT) Corporate Average Fuel
Economy (CAFE) program, including a program overview, related rulemaking activities,
research, and summaries of individual manufacturer's fuel economy performance since 1978, see:
www.nhtsa.dot.gov/cars/rules/cafe/index.htm
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Table of Contents
Page
Number
I. Executive Summary i D
n. Introduction ID
ffl. General Car and Truck Trends 6 D
IV. Technology Trends 18 D
V. Trends by Vehicle Type and Size 44 D
VI. Marketing Groups 55 D
VII. Characteristics of Fleets Comprised of Existing Fuel-Efficient Vehicles 65 D
m. Conclusions 76D
IX. References 77D
X. Appendixes A-R
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Table of Contents, cont.
Appendixes
APPENDIX A - Database Details and Calculation Methods D
APPENDIX B - Model Year 2005 Nameplate Fuel Economy Listings D
APPENDIX C - City and Highway Driving Data D
APPENDIX D - Fuel Economy Distribution DataD
APPENDIX E - Data Stratified by Vehicle Type D
APPENDIX F - Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and SizeD
APPENDIX G - Car Data Stratified by EPA Car Class D
APPENDIX H - Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class D
APPENDIX I - Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive TypeD
APPENDIX J - Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission TypeD
APPENDIX K - Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count D
APPENDIX L - Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type and Valves Per Cylinder D
APPENDIX M - Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Marketing Group D
APPENDIX N - Fuel Economy and Ton-MPG by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and SizeD
APPENDIX O - Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Weight Class D
APPENDIX P - MY2005 Fuel Economy by Vehicle Type, Weight and Marketing Group D
APPENDIX Q - Data Stratified by Marketing Group and Vehicle TypeD
APPENDIX R - Characteristics of Fleets Comprised of Fuel Efficient Vehicles D
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I. Executive Summary
Introduction
This report summarizes key fuel economy and technology usage trends related to model
year 1975 through 2005 light-duty vehicles sold in the United States. Light-duty vehicles are
those vehicles that EPA classifies as cars or light-duty trucks (sport utility vehicles, vans, and
pickup trucks with less than 8,500 pounds gross vehicle weight ratings).
Since 1975, the fuel economy of the combined car and light truck fleet has moved through
four phases:
1. a rapid increase from 1975 continuing to the mid-1980s
2. a slow increase extending into the late 1980s
3. a gradual decline until the mid-1990s
4. a period of relatively constant fuel economy since then
Model year 2005 light-duty vehicles are estimated to average 21.0 miles per gallon (mpg).
The MY2005 average is the highest since 1996 and at the midpoint of the 20.6 to 21.4 mpg range
that has occurred for the past dozen years, and five percent below the 1987-88 peak of 22.1 mpg.
The fuel economy values in this report are based on 'real world' estimates provided by the
Federal government to consumers and are about 15 percent lower than the fuel economy values
used by manufacturers and the Department of Transportation (DOT) for compliance with the
Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) program. Since MY 1990, the CAFE standards for
cars has been the value set by Congress, i.e., 27.5 mpg. In 1996, DOT, as authorized by
Congress, set a standard of 20.7 for light trucks and this standard remained the same until March
31, 2003, when DOT issued new light truck fuel economy standards increasing the standard from
20.7 to 21.0 mpg for MY2005, to 21.6 mpg for MY2006, and to 22.2 mpg for MY2007.
For model year 2005, light trucks are projected to account for 50 percent of all light-duty
vehicles. After over two decades of steady growth, the market share for light trucks has been
about half of the overall light-duty vehicle market since 2002. Most of this growth in the light
truck market has been led by the increase in the popularity of sport utility vehicles (SUVs), which
now account for more than one-fourth of all new light-duty vehicles.
Model year 2005 light-duty vehicles are estimated to be heavier, faster and more powerful
than in 2004. This continues a twenty-plus year trend of increasing weight and power, and faster
acceleration.
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Importance of Fuel Economy
Fuel economy continues to be a major area of public and policy interest for several
reasons, including:
1. D Fuel economy is directly related to energy security because light-duty vehicles
account for approximately 40 percent of all U.S. oil consumption, and much of
this oil is imported.
2. D Fuel economy is directly related to the cost of fueling a vehicle and is of great
interest when crude oil and gasoline prices rise.
3. D Fuel economy is directly related to emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon
dioxide. Light-duty vehicles contribute about 20 percent of all U.S. carbon
dioxide emissions.
Characteristics of Light-Duty Vehicles
for Three Model Years
1975 1987 2005
Adjusted Fuel Economy (mpg) 131 221 210
Weight (pounds) 4060 3220 4089
Horsepower 137 118 212
O-to-60 Time (seconds) 141 131 9.9
Percent Truck Sales 19% 28% 50%
11
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Highlight #1: Fuel Economy Has Been Relatively Constant For Many Years.
After a decline from 22.1 mpg in 1988 to 21.0 mpg in 1994, fuel economy has been
relatively constant for a decade. The average fuel economy for all model year 2005 light-
duty vehicles is estimated to be 21.0 mpg, the same value as achieved in 1994 and the
highest since 1996, but five percent lower than the peak value achieved in 1987-88.
Average model year 2005 fuel economy is 24.7 mpg for cars and 18.2 mpg for light
trucks.
Since 1975, the fuel economy of the combined car and light truck fleet has moved through
several phases: (1) a rapid increase from 1975 to the mid-1980s, (2) a slow increase extending
into the late 1980s, (3) a decline from the peak in the late 1980s until the mid-1990s, and (4)
since then a period of relatively constant overall fleet fuel economy. Viewing new cars and
trucks separately, since 1996, the three-year moving average fuel economy for cars has ranged
from 24.2 to 24.7 mpg, while that for trucks has ranged from 17.6 to 18.0 mpg, and that for all
light-duty vehicles from 20.7 to 21.1 mpg.
Adjusted Fuel Economy by Model Year
(Three-Year Moving Average)
MPG
30
25
20
15
10
Cars
Trucks
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Model Year
111
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Highlight #2: Trucks Represent About Half of New Vehicle Sales.
Sales of light trucks, which include sport utility vehicles (SUVs), vans, and pickup trucks,
are now projected to make up about 50 percent of the U.S. light-duty vehicle market —
nearly twice their market share in 1985.
Growth in the light truck market has been led recently by the increase in the market share
of SUVs. The SUV market share increased by more than a factor of ten, from less than two
percent of the overall new light-duty vehicle market in 1975 to over 25 percent of the market
since 2002. Over the same period, the market share for vans increased by about five percent,
while that for pickups remained relatively constant. Between 1975 and 2005, market share for
new passenger cars and station wagons decreased by over 30 percent. For model year 2005, cars
are estimated to average 24.7 mpg, vans 20.4 mpg, SUVs 18.1 mpg, and pickups 17.1 mpg. The
increased market share of light trucks, which in recent years have averaged more than six mpg
less than cars, accounted for much of the decline in fuel economy of the overall new light-duty
vehicle fleet from the peak that occurred in 1987-88.
Sales Fraction by Vehicle Type
(Three-Year Moving Average)
100%
Market Share
80%
60%
40%
20%
1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Model Year
IV
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Highlight #3: As a Result of Technological Innovation, Vehicle Weight Has Increased and
Performance Has Improved, While Fuel Economy Has Remained Constant.
Automotive manufacturers continue to apply technological innovations to the new light-
duty vehicle fleet to increase light-duty vehicle weight and acceleration performance.
EPA estimates that had the new 2005 light-duty vehicle fleet had the same distribution of
performance and the same distribution of weight as in 1987, it could have achieved about
24 percent higher fuel economy.
Improved engine, transmission and powertrain technologies continue to penetrate the new
light-duty vehicle fleet. The trend has clearly been to apply these innovative technologies to
accommodate increases in average new vehicle weight, power, and performance while
maintaining a constant level of fuel economy. This is reflected by heavier average vehicle
weight, rising average horsepower, and faster average 0 to 60 mile-per-hour acceleration time.
Weight and Performance
(Three Year Moving Average)
4500
Weight (Ibs.)
0 to 60 Time (sec.)
4000
3500
3000
9
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Model Year
V
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Important Notes With Respect to the Data Used in This Report
Unless otherwise indicated, the fuel economy values in this report are based on laboratory
data and have been adjusted downward by about 15 percent, so that this data is equivalent to the
real world estimates provided to consumers on new vehicle labels, in the EPA/DOE Fuel
Economy Guide, and in EPA's Green Vehicle Guide. These adjusted fuel economy values are
significantly lower than those used for compliance with CAFE standards as, in addition to the 15
percent downward adjustment for real world driving, they also exclude credits for alternative fuel
capability and test procedure changes that are included in the CAFE data reported by the DOT.
The data presented in this report were tabulated on a model year basis, but several of the
figures in this report use three-year moving averages which effectively smooth the trends, and
these three-year moving averages are tabulated at their midpoint. For example, the midpoint for
model years 2002, 2003, and 2004 is model year 2003. All average fuel economy values were
calculated using harmonic, rather than arithmetic, averaging.
The source database used to generate the tables and graphs in this report for all years was
frozen in November 2004. When comparing data in this report with those in previous reports in
this series, please note that revisions are made in the data for some recent model years for which
more complete and accurate sales and fuel economy data have become available.
Through model year 2003, the fuel economy, vehicle characteristics, and sales data used
for this report were obtained from the most complete databases used for CAFE and "gas guzzler"
tax on cars compliance purposes. For model year 2004, EPA used data that included confidential
sales projections submitted to the Agency by the automotive manufacturers, but updated the sales
data to take into account information reported in trade publications. For model year 2005, EPA
has exclusively used confidential projected sales data that the auto companies are required to
submit to the Agency.
Over the last five years, the final fuel economy values have varied from 0.1 mpg lower to
0.3 mpg higher compared to the original estimates based exclusively on projected sales.
VI
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II. Introduction
Light-duty automotive technology and fuel economy trends are examined herein, as in
preceding reports in this series [1-31], using the latest and most complete EPA data available.
When comparing data in this report with those in previous reports in this series, please note that
revisions are made in the data for some model years for which more complete and accurate sales
and fuel economy data have become available. Through model year 2003, the fuel economy,
vehicle characteristics, and sales data used for this report were obtained from the most complete
databases used for CAFE standards and "gas guzzler" compliance purposes. For all practical
purposes, these databases are stable and are not expected to change in the future.
For model years 2004 and 2005, EPA has used exclusively confidential projected sales
data that the auto companies are required to submit to the Agency for the Federal Government's
fuel economy public information programs: the Fuel Economy Guide and the fuel economy labels
that are placed on new vehicles. The model year 2004 data in this report EPA uses data that
included confidential sales projections submitted to the agency by the automotive manufacturers,
but with updated sales data to take into account information reported in trade publications. The
fuel economy databases that EPA uses for this report and other purposes are based on the
consumer information and regulatory databases maintained by the Agency. For a given model
year, these databases change with calendar time as the initial fuel economy values and sales
projections available in the Fall of the year evolve toward final and more complete fuel economy
data and actual production data. This calendar time-based process can take more than one year to
complete, and during this time the database is changing.
Automotive manufacturers typically submit their initial estimates of fuel economy data
over a period of several months, starting a few months before the Fuel Economy Guide is
published, and then continuing for a few months after the start of the model year as new models
and vehicle configurations continue to be introduced for sale. Similarly, manufacturers typically
do not start submitting their final data until several months after the end of the model year, and
this process can then take several additional months to complete. Therefore, the results for the a
given model year that are obtained from using the database are estimates that depend on when the
analysis is done. The final fuel economy averages used in this report are often different from the
initial estimates and have varied from 0.1 mpg lower to 0.3 mpg higher (i.e., about one percent)
compared to the original estimates based exclusively on projected sales (see Table A-1, Appendix
A). For this report, the source database was frozen in November 2004 for all model years.
Appendix B lists the model year 2005 nameplates used in this report by size class.
All fuel economy averages in this report are sales-weighted harmonic averages. In prior
reports in this series, up to and including the one for MY2000, the fuel economy values used in
this series were just the laboratory-based city, highway, and combined mpg values — the same
ones that are used as the basis for compliance with the fuel economy standards and the gas
guzzler tax. Since the laboratory mpg values tend to over predict the mpg achieved in actual use,
adjusted mpg values are used for the Government's fuel economy information programs: the
Fuel Economy Guide and the Fuel Economy Labels that are on new vehicles and in EPA's Green
Vehicle Guide.
Numbers in brackets denote references listed in the references section of this report.
ID
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Starting with the report issued for MY2001, this series of reports has provided fuel
economy trends in adjusted mpg values in addition to the laboratory mpg values. In this way, the
fuel economy trends can be shown for both laboratory mpg and mpg values which can be
considered to be an estimate of on-road mpg. In the tables, these two mpg values are called
"Laboratory MPG," "Adjusted MPG," and abbreviated "ADJ" MPG and "LAB" MPG. The
adjusted city mpg is obtained by multiplying the laboratory city mpg by 0.90, and the adjusted
highway mpg is obtained by multiplying the laboratory highway mpg value by 0.78. Because it
has been over two decades [11] since the current procedures for adjusting city and highway fuel
economy were established and because both vehicle technology and vehicle driving patterns have
changed over the years, EPA is currently evaluating the procedures used to determine the on-road
mpg values and plans to propose appropriate changes to these procedures in about a year.
Where only one mpg value is presented in this report, it is the "adjusted composite 55/45
combined mpg", i.e.,
MPG 55/45 = 1 / (.55/MPGc + .45/MPG H)
where MPG c is 0.9 times the laboratory fuel economy on the EPA city driving cycle, and MPGH
is 0.78 times the laboratory fuel economy on the EPA highway driving cycle. If a combined
"55/45" mpg value is calculated, the resulting mpg value is about 15 percent lower than the
comparable value using the laboratory-based mpg values. It should be noted that an adjusted
composite mpg value is not used in the Government's fuel economy information programs
discussed above. Appendix A provides more information on averaging fuel economy data, and
Appendix C provides additional data on city and highway driving.
To facilitate comparison with data in previous reports in this series, most data tables
include what the MPG55/45 value would have been had the laboratory fuel economy values not
been adjusted downward, as well as the adjusted city, highway, and combined 55/45 fuel
economy values. Presenting both types of mpg values facilitates the use of this report by those
who study either type of fuel economy metric.
The fuel economy reported by DOT for CAFE compliance purposes is higher than the
data in this report in three respects:
(1) the DOT data does not include the EPA on-road fuel economy adjustment factors for
city and highway mpg,
(2) the DOT data includes credits for those manufacturers that produce dedicated and/or
flexible alternate fuel vehicles, and
(3) the DOT data includes credits for test procedure adjustments.
Accordingly, the fuel economy values in this series of reports are always slightly lower than those
reported by the Department of Transportation (DOT) and significantly higher than those provided
in the Fuel Economy Guide. Table A-2, Appendix A compares CAFE data reported by The
Department of Transportation (DOT) with EPA adjusted and laboratory fuel economy data.
The data presented in this report were tabulated on a model year basis, but many of the
2D
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figures in this report use three-year moving averages which effectively smooth the trends, and
these three-year moving averages are tabulated at their midpoint. For example, the midpoint for
model years 2002, 2003, and 2004 is model year 2003 (See Table A-3, Appendix A). Use of
the three-year moving averages results in an improvement in discerning real trends from what
might be relatively small year-to-year variations in the data.
Other Variables
All vehicle weight data are based on inertia weight class (nominally curb weight plus 300
pounds). For vehicles with inertia weights up to and including the 3000-pound inertia weight
class, these classes have 250-pound increments. For vehicles above the 3000-pound inertia
weight class (i.e., vehicles 3500 pounds and above), 500-pound increments are used.
All interior volume data for cars built after model year 1977 are based on the metric used
to classify cars for the DOE/EPA Fuel Economy Guide. The car interior volume data in this
report combine that of the passenger compartment and trunk/cargo space. In the Fuel Economy
Guide, interior volume is undefined for the two-seater class; for this series of reports, all two-
seater cars have been assigned an interior volume value of 50 cubic feet.
The light truck data used in this series of reports includes only vehicles classified as light
trucks with gross vehicle weight ratings (GVWR) up to 8,500 pounds. Vehicles with GVWR
above 8,500 are not included in the database used for this report. Omitting these vehicles
influences the overall averages for all variables studied in this report. The most recent estimates
we have made for the impact of these greater than 8500-lb GVWR vehicles was made for model
year 2001. In that year, there were roughly 931,000 vehicles above 8500 Ib GVWR. A
substantial fraction (42 percent) of the MY2001 vehicles above 8500 Ib GVWR were powered by
diesel engines, and three-fourths of the vehicles over 8500 Ib GVWR were pickup trucks.
Adding in the trucks above 8500 Ib GVWR increased the truck market share for that year by three
percentage points.
Based on a limited amount of actual laboratory fuel economy data, MY2001 trucks with
GVWR greater than 8500 Ib GVWR are estimated to have fuel economy values about 14 percent
lower than the average of trucks below 8500 Ib GVWR. The combined fleet of all vehicles under
8500 Ib GVWR and trucks over 8500 Ib GVWR is estimated to average about nine percent less in
fuel economy compared to that for just the vehicles with less than 8500 Ib GVWR.
In addition to fuel economy, some tables in this report contain alternate measures of
vehicle fuel efficiency as used in reference 17.
"Ton-MPG" is defined as a vehicle's mpg multiplied by its inertia weight in tons. This
metric provides an indication of a vehicle's ability to move weight (i.e., its own plus a nominal
payload). Ton-MPG is a measure of powertrain/drive-line efficiency. Just as an increase in
vehicle mpg at constant weight can be considered an improvement in a vehicle's efficiency, an
increase in a vehicle's weight-carrying capacity at constant mpg can also be considered an
improvement.
3D
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"Cubic-feet-MPG" for cars is defined in this report as the product of a car's mpg and its
interior volume, including trunk space. This metric associates a relative measure of a vehicle's
ability to transport both passengers and their cargo. An increase in vehicle volume at constant
mpg could be considered an improvement just as an increase in mpg at constant volume can be.
"Cubic-feet-ton-MPG" is defined in this report as a combination of the two previous
metrics, i.e., a car's mpg multiplied by its weight in tons and also by its interior volume. It
ascribes vehicle utility to the ability to move both weight and volume.
This report also includes an estimate of O-to-60 mph acceleration time, calculated from
engine rated horsepower and vehicle inertia weight, from the relationship:
t = F (HP/WT)-f
where the values used for F and f coefficients are .892 and .805 respectively for vehicles with
automatic transmissions and .967 and .775 respectively for those with manual transmissions [32].
Other authors [33, 34, and 35] have evaluated the relationships between weight, horsepower, and
O-to-60 acceleration time and have calculated and published slightly different values for the F and
f coefficients. Since the equation form and coefficients were developed for vehicles with
conventional powertrains with gasoline-fueled engines, we have not used the equation to estimate
O-to-60 time for vehicles with hybrid powertrains or diesel engines. Published values are used for
these vehicles instead.
The O-to-60 estimate used in this report is intended to provide a quantitative time "index"
of vehicle performance capability. It is the author's engineering judgment that, given the
differences in test methods for measuring O-to-60 time and given the fact that the weight is based
on inertia weight, use of these other published values for the F and f coefficients would not result
in statistically significantly different O-to-60 averages or trends. The results of a similar
calculation of estimated "top speed" are also included in some tables.
Grouping all vehicles into classes and then constructing time trends of parameters of
interest, like mpg, can provide interesting and useful results. These results, however, are a strong
function of the class definitions. Classes based on other definitions than those used in this report
are possible, and results from these other classifications may also be useful.
For cars, vehicle classification as to vehicle type, size class, and manufacturer/origin
generally follows fuel economy label, Fuel Economy Guide, and fuel economy standards
protocols; exceptions are listed in Table A-4, Appendix A. In many of the passenger car tables,
large sedans and wagons are aggregated as "Large," midsize sedans and wagons are aggregated as
"Midsize," and "Small" includes all other cars. In some of the car tables, an alternative
classification system is used, namely: Large Cars, Large Wagons, Midsize Cars, Midsize
Wagons, Small Cars, and Small Wagons with the EPA Two-Seater, Mini-Compact, Subcompact,
and Compact car classes combined into the "Small Car" class.
4D
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The truck classification scheme used for all model years in this report is slightly different
from that used in some previous reports in this series, because pickups, vans, and sports utility
vehicles (SUVs) are sometimes each subdivided as "Small," "Midsize," and "Large." These
truck size classifications are based primarily on published wheelbase data according to the
following criteria:
Pickup Van SUV
Small Less than 105" Less than 109" Less than 100"
Midsize 105" to 115" 109" to 124" 100" to 110"
Large More than 115" More than 124" More than 110"
This classification scheme is similar to that used in many trade and consumer
publications. For those vehicle nameplates with a variety of wheelbases, the size classification
was determined by considering only the smallest wheelbase produced. The classification of a
vehicle for this report is based on the author's engineering judgment and is not a replacement for
definitions used in implementing automotive standards legislation.
5D
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HI. General Car and Truck Trends
Figure 1 and Table 1 depict time trends in car, light truck, and car-plus-light truck fuel
economy. Also shown on Figure 1 is the fraction of the combined fleet that are light trucks and
trend lines representing three-year moving averages of the fuel economy and truck sales fraction
data.
Since 1975, the fuel economy of the combined car and light truck fleet has moved through
several phases:
1. a rapid increase from 1975 continuing into the mid-1980s,
2. a slow increase extending into the late 1980s,
3. a gradual decline from then until the mid 1990s, and
4. a period of relatively constant fuel economy since then.
This fourth phase is characterized by three-year moving average adjusted fuel economy
levels within one percent of 20.8 mpg for nine years. This 20.8 mpg value is 1.1 mpg (5.3%)
lower than the highest year's (1987) three-year moving average value and 6.8 mpg (32%) higher
than the earliest three-year moving average value, that for 1976. The average fuel economy for
all model year 2005 light-duty vehicles is estimated to be 21.0 mpg the same value as achieved in
1994.
The three-year moving average for car fuel economy has tended slightly upward for about
a decade and is now about one mpg higher than it was in early 1990s. Similarly, the three year
moving average for light-truck fuel economy is on a slight upward trend and is 0.4 mpg higher
than it was in 1998. These slight upward trends for both cars and trucks have been accompanied
by an increasing truck share of the market and thus has resulted in the recent flat trend in overall
fleet fuel economy.
Figure 1 shows that the estimated light truck share of the market is about 50 percent and,
based on the three-year moving average trend, has not leveled off. It should be noted that on
March 31, 2003, NHTSA issued new light truck fuel economy (CAFE) standards setting a
standard of 21.0 mpg for MY 2005, 21.6 mpg for MY 2006, and 22.2 mpg for MY 2007 and that
these are the first changes in truck fuel economy standards since 1996.
6D
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Adjusted Fuel Economy and Percent Truckn
by Model Yearn
(Three Year Moving Average)n
30
Adjusted 55/45 MPG
Percent Truck
25
20
15
• 3-Year Moving Avg.
Yearly Data:
+ Car MPG
a Truck MPG
X Both MPG
O Percent Truck
700%
75%
50%
25%
10 I I 0%D
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005D
Model Year
Figure 1 n
7D
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Table 1
Fuel Economy Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Light-Duty Vehicles
Cars
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
SALES
(000)
8237
9722
11300
11175
10794
9443
8733
7819
8002
10675
10791
11015
10731
10736
10018
8810
8524
8108
8456
8414
9396
7890
8335
7971
8379
9128
8408
8305
7952
8147
FRAC
.806
.788
.800
.773
.778
.835
.827
.803
.777
.761
.746
.717
.722
.702
.693
.698
.678
.666
.640
.596
.620
.600
.576
.551
.551
.551
.539
.515
.504
.512
< FUEL ECONOMY
LAB ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY
15.8 12.3 15.2
17
18
19
20
23
25
26
25
26
27
27
28
28
28
27
28
27
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
. 5
.3
. 9
. 3
. 5
. 1
. 0
.9
. 3
. 0
. 9
. 1
. 6
.1
.8
. 0
. 6
.2
. 1
. 3
.3
.4
.5
.2
.2
.4
.6
. 9
.9
13
14
15
15
18
19
20
19
20
20
21
21
21
21
21
21
20
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
.7
.4
.5
.9
.3
.6
.1
.9
.2
.7
.3
.5
.8
.4
.1
.2
.8
.3
.1
.2
.2
.3
.3
.1
.1
.4
.6
.8
.7
16
17
19
19
22
24
25
25
26
26
27
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
.6
.4
.1
.2
.6
.2
.5
.5
. 0
.8
.7
. 0
.5
.3
.1
.3
.3
.8
.8
.3
.3
.4
.6
.2
.1
.3
.3
.7
.8
>
ADJ
55/45
13 .5
14
15
16
17
20
21
22
22
22
23
23
24
24
24
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
.9
.6
.9
.2
.0
.4
.2
.1
.4
.0
.8
.0
.4
.0
.7
.9
.6
.1
.0
.2
.2
.3
.4
.1
.1
.3
.5
.7
.7
TON
-MPG
27 .6
30 ,
31.
30 ,
30 ,
31.
33 ,
34 ,
34,
35 ,
35 ,
36 ,
36 ,
37 ,
37 ,
37 ,
37 ,
38 ,
38 ,
39 ,
39 ,
39,
39 ,
40 ,
40 ,
40 ,
41,
41,
42 ,
43 ,
.2
.0
.6
.2
.2
. 1
.2
.7
. 1
.8
.4
.5
.3
.4
.8
.8
.4
.8
. 1
.6
.8
. 9
.5
.6
.7
.4
.8
.6
,1
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
1780
1908
1922
2136
2338
2419
2476
2482
2553
2608
2604
2662
2630
2574
2597
2598
2655
2638
2676
2672
2674
2684
2656
2669
2700
2723
2756
2814
3423
3345
3301
3273
3547
3645
3776
3776
3884
3914
3900
4007
4034
4055
4055
4169
4213
4237
4315
4345
4341
4401
4440
4468
4525
4579
4668
4814
2005
8616
.502
28 . 9
21.8 29.7 24.7
43 .6
2822
4886
8D
-------
Table 1, Continued
Fuel Economy Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Light-Duty Vehicles
Trucks
MODEL
YEAR
SALES
(000)
FRAC
< FUEL ECONOMY
LAB ADJ ADJ
55/45
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1987
2612
2823
3273
3088
1863
1821
1914
2300
3345
3669
4350
4134
4559
4435
3805
4049
4064
4754
5710
5749
5254
6124
6485
6839
7447
7202
7815
7824
7772
8534
.194
.212
.200
.227
.222
.165
.173
. 197
.223
.239
.254
.283
.278
.298
.307
.302
.322
.334
.360
.404
.380
.400
.424
.449
.449
.449
.461
.485
.496
.488
.498
13
14
15
15
14
18
20
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
20
20
21
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
.7
.4
.6
.2
.7
.6
.1
.5
. 9
.5
.6
.4
.6
.2
. 9
.7
.3
.8
.0
.8
.5
.8
.6
. 9
.5
.8
.6
.6
. 9
. 9
.3
CITY
10
11
12
12
12
14
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
15
16
15
16
15
16
15
15
16
16
16
. 9
.5
.6
.4
.1
.8
. 0
.3
.5
.1
.2
. 9
.9
.5
.3
.1
.4
.1
.1
. 0
.8
. 0
.8
. 0
.7
.0
. 9
.8
. 0
. 0
.3
HWY
12
13
14
13
13
17
18
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
.7
.2
.1
.7
.1
.1
.6
.0
.6
.3
.4
.2
.7
.4
.1
.2
.7
.4
.7
.3
.2
.7
.4
.8
.3
.5
.2
.3
.7
.8
.3
>
ADJ
TON
-MPG
55/45
11
12
13
12
12
15
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
17
17
18
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
.6
.2
.3
. 9
.5
.8
.1
.4
.8
.4
.5
.3
.4
.1
.8
.7
.1
.8
.9
.7
.5
.8
.6
.8
.5
.7
.6
.6
.8
. 9
.2
24
26
28
27
27
30
33
33
34
33
33
34
34
34
35
35
36
36
36
36
36
37
38
38
38
38
39
40
41
41
42
.2
. 0
. 0
.5
.3
. 9
. 0
.7
. 0
.5
.7
.4
.5
. 9
.2
.6
.0
.2
.6
.7
. 9
.8
.3
.3
.6
.9
.3
. 0
. 0
.6
.7
9D
-------
Table 1, Continued
Fuel Economy Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Light-Duty Vehicles
Cars and Trucks
MODEL
YEAR
SALES
(000)
FRAC
< FUEL ECONOMY
LAB ADJ ADJ
55/45
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
10224
12334
14123
14448
13882
11306
10554
9732
10302
14020
14460
15365
14865
15295
14453
12615
12573
12172
13211
14125
15145
13144
14459
14457
15218
16574
15610
16120
15776
15920
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
. 000
. 000
. 000
.000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
.000
. 000
.000
. 000
. 000
. 000
.000
. 000
.000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
.000
.000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
15
16
17
18
18
22
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
24
25
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
.3
.7
.7
.6
.7
.5
.1
.7
.6
.6
.0
.7
.9
. 9
.4
.2
.4
. 9
.1
.6
.7
.8
.5
.5
.1
.3
.2
.1
.3
.4
CITY
12
13
14
14
14
17
18
19
19
19
19
19
20
19
19
19
19
18
19
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
. 0
.2
. 0
.7
. 9
.6
.8
.2
. 0
.1
.3
. 9
.0
. 9
.5
.3
.4
. 9
.1
.7
.8
.7
.6
.5
.3
.4
.4
.3
.5
.5
HWY
14
15
16
17
17
21
23
23
23
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
24
25
25
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
.6
.7
.6
.5
.4
.5
.0
.9
.9
.0
.4
.1
.5
.5
.2
.1
.3
.0
.2
.7
.0
.1
.8
.9
.4
.5
.3
.1
.4
.6
>
ADJ
TON
-MPG
55/45
13
14
15
15
15
19
20
21
21
21
21
21
22
22
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
.1
.2
.1
.8
. 9
.2
.5
.1
. 0
. 0
.3
. 9
.1
.1
.7
.5
.7
.3
.4
. 0
.1
.2
. 9
. 9
.6
.7
.7
.6
.8
.8
26
29
30
29
29
31
33
34
34
34
35
35
35
36
36
37
37
37
38
38
38
39
39
39
39
39
40
40
41
42
. 9
.3
.4
.9
.5
.2
.1
.1
.5
.7
.3
.8
.9
.6
.7
.1
.2
.6
.0
.1
.6
. 0
.2
.5
.7
.9
.4
. 9
.8
.4
2005 17150 1.000
24 .6
18 .6 24.8 21.0
43 .2
10D
-------
Figure 2 compares laboratory 55/45 fuel economy for the combined car and truck fleet
and the sales fraction for trucks. This figure shows that for the first of the four phases
mentioned above, i.e., the one from 1975 through the early 1980s, truck sales fraction remained
nominally at the twenty percent level, while combined car and truck fuel economy increased
substantially, i.e., from about 15 to 25 mpg. During the other three phases truck sales fraction
increased. Table 2 shows some of the characteristics of each year's fleet. At 4089 Ib, the
average weight of the model year 2005 fleet not only is nearly 900 Ib heavier than it was at the
minimum in 1981-82, it also is heavier than any year in the table. Since MY2004, average
weight has increased by 51 Ib. The model year 2005 fleet is also the most powerful and
estimated to be the fastest since 1975.
Another dramatic trend over that time frame has been the substantial increase in
performance of cars and light trucks as measured by their estimated O-to-60 time. These trends
are shown graphically in Figure 3 (for cars) and Figure 4 (for light trucks) which are plots of fuel
economy versus performance, with model years as indicated. Both graphs show the same story:
in responding to the regulatory requirements for mpg improvement, the industry increased mpg
and kept performance roughly constant. After the regulatory mpg requirements stabilized, mpg
improvements slowed and performance dramatically improved. This trend toward increased
performance is as important as the truck market share trend in understanding trends in overall
fleet mpg. Figures 5 and 6 are similar to Figures 3 and 4, but show the trends in weight and
laboratory fuel economy and show that the era of weight reductions that took place for both cars
and trucks between 1975 and the early 1980s has been followed by an era of weight increases.
Truck Sales Fraction vs Fleet MPG by Model Year
Laboratory 55/45 MPG
15
10
10%
Figure 2
20% 30% 40% 50%
Truck Sales Fraction (%)
60%
70%
11D
-------
Car 55/45 Laboratory MPG vs 0 to 60 Time by Model Year
30 D
55/45 Lab. MPGD
250
200
15D
2005
9 10 11 12 13 14 15D
0 to 60 Time (Sec.)
Figure 3D
Truck 55/45 Laboratory MPG vs 0 to 60 Time by Model Year
25D
55/45 Lab. MPGD
200
150
100
2005
1996
\ onnn lyyo i^i>.
X 2000 v v. >
^ .,«^
8 o "S"^«e^"—i®^
10 11 12 13
0 to 60 Time (Sec.)
14 15D
Figure 4D
12D
-------
Laboratory 55/45 MPG vs Inertia Weight by Model Year
Cars
30 D
Lab 55/45 MPGD
15D
2500
Figure 5D
3000
3500
Inertia Weight
4000
4500 D
Laboratory 55/45 MPG vs Inertia Weight by Model Year
Trucks
25 D
Lab 55/45 MPGD
10D
3500
Figure 6D
4000 4500
Inertia Weight
5000 D
13D
-------
Table 2
Vehicle Size and Design Characteristics of 1975 to 2005
Cars
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
ADJ
SALES
(000)
8237
9722
11300
11175
10794
9443
8733
7819
8002
10675
10791
11015
10731
10736
10018
8810
8524
8108
8456
8414
9396
7890
8335
7971
8379
9128
8408
8305
7952
8147
55/45
FRAC
.806
.788
.800
.773
.778
.835
.827
.803
.777
.761
.746
.717
.722
.702
.693
.698
.678
.666
.640
.596
.620
.600
.576
.551
.551
.551
.539
.515
.504
.512
MPG
13
14
15
16
17
20
21
22
22
22
23
23
24
24
24
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
.5
.9
.6
.9
.2
. 0
.4
.2
.1
.4
.0
.8
.0
.4
.0
.7
.9
.6
.1
. 0
.2
.2
.3
.4
.1
.1
.3
.4
.7
.7
V-£U1£\nV- ICin^i^l^V-i^
INERTIA
VOL WGHT ENG
CU-FT
110
109
109
104
106
106
109
108
108
107
107
107
108
107
107
108
108
108
109
109
109
109
109
110
109
109
109
111
LB
4058
4059
3944
3588
3485
3101
3076
3054
3112
3099
3093
3041
3031
3047
3099
3176
3154
3240
3207
3250
3263
3282
3274
3306
3365
3369
3380
3391
3421
3454
HP
136
134
133
124
119
100
99
99
104
106
111
111
112
116
121
129
132
141
138
143
152
154
156
159
164
168
168
173
176
181
HP/
WT
.0331
.0324
.0335
.0342
. 0338
.0322
.0320
.0320
.0330
.0339
.0355
.0360
.0365
. 0375
.0387
.0401
.0413
.0428
.0425
.0432
.0460
.0464
.0469
.0475
.0481
.0492
.0492
.0504
.0510
.0519
0-
60
TIME
14
14
14
13
13
14
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
.2
.4
.0
.7
.8
.3
.4
.4
.0
.8
.3
.2
.0
.8
.5
.1
.8
.5
.6
.4
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
.3
.3
.1
.0
.9
V f Sif\\^Strt J. J_>^ • — ^
TOP VEHICLE SIZE
SPD
111
110
111
111
110
107
106
106
108
109
111
111
112
113
115
117
118
120
120
121
125
125
126
127
128
129
129
131
132
133
SMALL
55
55
51
44
43
54
51
56
53
57
55
59
63
64
58
58
61
56
57
58
57
54
55
49
47
47
50
48
50
44
.4
.4
.9
.7
.7
.4
.5
.5
.1
.4
.7
.5
.5
.8
.3
.6
.5
.5
.2
.5
.3
.3
.1
.4
.7
.5
. 9
.6
.8
.1
MID
23
25
24
34
34
34
36
31
31
29
28
27
24
22
28
28
26
27
29
26
28
32
30
39
39
34
32
36
33
39
.3
.2
.5
.4
.2
.4
.4
.0
.8
.4
.9
.9
.3
.3
.2
.7
.2
.8
.5
.1
.6
.0
.6
.1
.7
.3
.3
.3
.4
.2
LARGE
21.3
19.4
23 .5
21.0
22 .1
11.3
12 .2
12 .5
15.1
13 .2
15.4
12 .6
12 .2
12 .8
13 .5
12 .8
12 .3
15.6
13 .3
15.4
14.0
13 .6
14.3
11.5
12 .6
18.2
16 .8
15.1
15.9
16.7
2005
8616
.502 24.7
112 3497
187
.0526 9.8 134 44.1 37.7 18.3
14D
-------
Table 2, (Continued)
Vehicle Size and Design Characteristics of 1975 to 2005
Trucks
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
SALES
(000)
MPG
1987
2612
2823
3273
3088
1863
1821
1914
2300
3345
3669
4350
4134
4559
4435
3805
4049
4064
4754
5710
5749
5254
6124
6485
6839
7447
7202
7815
7824
7772
8534
V V11J.V>.
FRAC
. 194
.212
.200
.227
.222
.165
. 173
.197
.223
.239
.254
.283
.278
.298
. 307
.302
.322
.334
.360
.404
.380
.400
.424
.449
.449
.449
.461
.485
.496
.488
.498
L9 \~11CLJ
ADJ
55/45
11
12
13
12
12
15
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
17
17
18
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
. 6
.2
. 3
.9
.5
.8
. 1
.4
. 8
.4
.5
.3
.4
.1
. 8
. 7
.1
.8
.9
.7
.5
. 8
.6
.8
.5
. 7
.6
. 6
.8
.9
.2
. CLV l*9.L .
WGHT
LB
4072
4155
4135
4151
4252
3869
3806
3806
3763
3782
3795
3738
3713
3841
3921
4005
3948
4056
4073
4125
4184
4225
4344
4283
4412
4375
4463
4546
4586
4650
4688
U J9 l*J.V £
ENG
HP
142
141
147
146
138
121
119
120
118
118
124
123
131
141
146
151
150
155
162
166
168
179
187
187
197
197
209
219
221
231
237
HP/
WT
.0349
.0340
.0356
.0351
.0325
.0313
.0311
.0317
.0313
.0310
.0326
.0330
.0351
.0366
.0372
.0377
.0379
.0382
.0398
.0403
.0401
.0423
.0429
.0435
.0446
.0448
.0466
.0482
.0481
.0498
.0503
0-60
TIME
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
13
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
.6
.8
.3
.4
.3
.5
.6
.5
.5
.7
.1
.0
.3
.9
.8
.6
.6
.5
.1
.0
.0
.5
.4
.2
.0
.0
.6
.4
.4
.1
.0
TOP
SPD
114
113
115
114
111
108
108
109
108
108
110
110
113
115
116
117
117
118
120
121
121
124
126
126
128
128
131
134
134
136
137
V- C~9.LWlll* Dy •
VEHICLE TYPE
VAN SUV PICKU
23 ,
19,
18 ,
19,
15 ,
13 ,
13 ,
16,
16 ,
20 ,
23 ,
24,
26 ,
24,
28 ,
33 ,
25 ,
30 ,
30 ,
24,
28,
26 ,
20 ,
23 ,
21,
22 ,
17 ,
15 ,
15 ,
14,
19,
. 0
.2
.2
.1
.6
,0
.5
.2
.6
.2
.3
.0
. 9
.8
.8
.2
.5
.0
.3
.8
.9
.8
.7
.0
.4
.7
.1
. 9
.7
.3
.1
9
9
10
11
13
9
7
8
12
18
20
17
21
21
20
18
27
24
27
28
31
36
40
39
41
42
47
53
52
59
52
.4
.3
. 0
.6
.0
.9
.5
.5
.6
.7
.0
.8
.1
.2
. 9
.6
.0
.7
.6
.4
.6
. 0
.0
.8
.4
.2
.9
.6
.6
.8
.1
67 ,
71,
71,
69,
71,
77 ,
79 ,
75 ,
70 ,
61,
56,
58,
51,
53 ,
50 ,
48,
47 ,
45 ,
42 ,
46,
39,
37 ,
39,
37 ,
37 ,
35 ,
35 ,
30 ,
31,
25 ,
28,
.6
.4
.8
.3
.5
,1
. 1
.3
.8
.1
.6
.2
. 9
.9
.3
.2
.4
.3
.1
.7
.5
.2
.3
.2
.2
. 1
.0
.5
.6
.9
.8
15D
-------
Table 2, (Continued)
Vehicle Size and Design Characteristics of 1975 to 2005
Cars and Trucks
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
SALES
(000)
MPG
10224
12334
14123
14448
13882
11306
10554
9732
10302
14020
14460
15365
14865
15295
14453
12615
12573
12172
13211
14125
15145
13144
14459
14457
15218
16574
15610
16120
15776
15920
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
FRAC
. 000
. 000
. 000
.000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
.000
. 000
.000
. 000
. 000
. 000
.000
. 000
.000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
.000
.000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
ADJ
55/45
13
14
15
15
15
19
20
21
21
21
21
21
22
22
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
.1
.2
.1
.8
. 9
.2
.5
.1
. 0
. 0
.3
. 9
.1
.1
.7
.5
.7
.3
.4
. 0
.1
.2
. 9
. 9
.6
.7
.7
.6
.8
.8
WGHT
LB
4060
4079
3982
3715
3655
3228
3202
3202
3257
3262
3271
3238
3221
3283
3351
3426
3410
3512
3519
3603
3613
3659
3727
3744
3835
3821
3879
3951
3999
4038
ENG
HP
137
135
136
129
124
104
102
103
107
109
114
114
118
123
129
135
138
145
147
152
158
164
169
171
179
181
187
195
199
206
HP/
WT
. 0335
. 0328
. 0339
.0344
. 0335
. 0320
. 0318
. 0320
. 0327
. 0332
.0347
. 0351
.0361
. 0372
. 0382
. 0394
.0402
. 0413
.0416
. 0420
. 0438
. 0447
. 0452
. 0457
.0465
.0472
. 0480
. 0493
. 0496
. 0509
0-60
TIME
14
14
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
.1
.3
.8
.6
. 9
.3
.4
.4
.1
. 0
.5
.4
.1
.8
.5
.2
.1
.8
.8
.7
.3
.1
. 0
. 9
.7
.6
.5
.2
.2
. 0
TOP
SPD
112
111
112
112
110
107
107
107
108
109
110
111
112
114
115
117
118
120
120
121
123
125
126
126
128
129
130
132
133
135
2005 17150 1.000 21.0
4089 212
.0514 9.9 136
16D
-------
Sales Weighted Car
Fuel Economy Distribution
Adjusted 55/45 MPG
Best 5%
Worst 5%
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Model Year
Figure 7
Sales Weighted Truck
Fuel Economy Distribution
Adjusted 55/45 MPG
10
Best 5%
Worst 5%
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Model Year
Figure 8
The distribution of fuel economy in any model year is of interest. In Figure 7, highlights
of the distribution of car mpg are shown. Since 1975, the distribution has both narrowed and
widened, but half of the cars have consistently been within a few mpg of each other. The fuel
economy difference between the least efficient and most efficient car increased from about 20
mpg in 1975 to nearly 50 mpg in 1986, but was less than 35 mpg in 1999. With the introduction
for sale of the Honda Insight gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle in model year 2000, the range
became more than 50 mpg. The ratio of the highest to lowest has increased from about three to
one in 1975 to about six to one today, because the fuel economy of the least fuel efficient cars
has remained roughly constant in comparison to the most fuel efficient cars whose fuel economy
has more than doubled.
The overall fuel economy distribution trend for trucks (see Figure 8) is similar to that for
cars, but narrower with a peak in the efficiency of the most efficient truck in the early 1980s
when small pickup trucks equipped with diesel engines were being sold. As a result, the fuel
economy range between the most efficient and least efficient truck peaked at about 25 mpg in
1982 when nine percent of all trucks used diesel engines. The fuel economy range for trucks
then narrowed, but with the introduction of the hybrid Escape SUV this year, it is back above 20
mpg. Like cars, half of the trucks built each year have always been within a few mpg of each
year's average fuel economy value. Appendix D contains additional fuel economy distribution
data.
17
-------
IV. Technology Trends
Table 3 repeats some of the data from Tables 1 and 2 and adds powertrain information
including engine displacement (CID), horsepower (HP) and specific power (HP/CID). This table
also includes sales fraction data giving the percent of vehicles that: have diesel engines; are
hybrids; are equipped with engines that have more than two valves per cylinder; have front- or
four-wheel drive; and have manual, lockup, or continuously variable (CVT) transmissions. For
MY2005: cars are predominantly powered by gasoline-fueled engines; nearly 80 percent have
more than two valves per cylinder, nearly 80 percent use front wheel drive, and more than 80
percent have lockup automatic transmissions. About half of the MY2005 trucks still have two
valves per cylinder; over 90 percent have lockup automatic transmissions and about half have
four wheel drive. It has been two decades since diesel engines have been used in more than one
percent of the fleet. Appendix E contains additional data on fuel metering and number of valves
per cylinder at this level of stratification.
Table 4 compares technology usage for MY2005 by vehicle type and size. As discussed
earlier, wheelbase is used in this report to distinguish whether a truck is small, mid-size, or large,
and four EPA Car Classes (Two-Seater, Minicompact, Compact, and Subcompact) have been
combined to form the small car class. For this table, the car classes are separated into cars and
station wagons, so that the table stratifies light-duty vehicles into a total of 15 vehicle types and
sizes. Note that this table does not contain any data for small vans, because none have been
produced since 1996.
In some of the tables and figures in this report, only four vehicle types are used. In these
cases, wagons have been merged with cars. This is because the wagon sales fraction for some
instances is so small that the information is more conveniently represented by combining the two
vehicle types. When they have been combined, the differences between them are not important.
Front-wheel drive (FWD) is used heavily in all of the car classes, in small wagons, large
wagons and midsize vans. By comparison, none of this year's pickups will have front-wheel
drive, and it is used less often in SUVs or large vans than in midsize wagons. Conversely, four-
wheel drive (4WD) is used heavily in SUVs and pickups. Many of the midsize and large wagons
also have 4WD, but very little use of it is made in vans and cars.
Manual transmissions are used more in small vehicles in 2005 than in the larger ones,
except for midsize pickups. Similarly, usage of engines with more than two valves per cylinder
is prevalent on small vehicles and also midsize cars, wagons, and SUVs.
Detailed tabulations of different technology types, including technology usage
percentages for other model years, can be found in the Appendixes.
18D
-------
Table 3
Powertrain Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Light-Duty Vehicles
Cars
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
«v 1'lft
SALES
(000)
8237
9722
11300
11175
10794
9443
8733
7819
8002
10675
10791
11015
10731
10736
10018
8810
8524
8108
8456
8414
9396
7890
8335
7971
8379
9128
8408
8305
7952
8147
8616
iCLtS U.J. «
FRAC
. 806
. 788
. 800
. 773
. 778
. 835
. 827
. 803
. 777
. 761
. 746
. 717
. 722
. 702
. 693
. 698
. 678
. 666
. 640
. 596
. 620
. 600
. 576
. 551
. 551
. 551
. 539
. 515
. 504
. 512
. 502
U. W11CLJ.C
ADJ
55/45
MPG
13 .5
14. 9
15. 6
16 . 9
17.2
20.0
21.4
22 .2
22 . 1
22 .4
23 .
23 .
24.
24.
24.
23 .
23 .
23 .
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
. 0
. 8
. 0
.4
. 0
. 7
. 9
. 6
.1
. 0
.2
.2
.3
.4
. 1
. 1
.3
.5
. 7
. 7
. 7
ll;L.«£I..Li3L~.Ll;£
ENGINE
CID HP
288 136
287 134
279 133
251 124
238 119
188 100
182 99
175 99
182 104
179 106
177
167
162
160
163
163
163
170
166
168
167
165
164
164
166
165
165
166
166
168
171
111
111
112
116
121
129
132
141
138
143
152
154
156
159
164
168
168
173
176
181
187
HP/ Multi-
CID Diesel Hybrid Valve
.515 .2
.502 .3
.516 . 5
.538 . 9
.545 2 . 1
.583 4.4
.594 5. 9
.609 4.7
.615 2.1
. 637 1. 7
. 671
. 701
. 732
. 759
. 783
. 829
. 851
. 868
. 865
. 884
. 945
. 958
. 974
. 993
1 . 008
1 . 032
1 . 042
1 . 066
1 . 086
1 . 097
1 . 114
. 9
. 3
. 3
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 1
. 1
. 0
. 0
. 1
. 1
. 1
. 2
. 2
.2 .1
.3 .1
.4 .3
.4 .6
.3 .9
.4 1.4
5.
15.
20.
24.
33 .
34.
34.
36 .
41.
53 .
57.
58.
63 .
63 .
66 .
67.
70.
73 .
77.
79.
. 3
. 2
. 4
. 9
. 5
. 9
. 3
. 0
. 4
. 7
. 6
. 9
. 4
. 7
. 4
. 4
. 4
. 0
. 5
. 1
DRIVETRAIN
Front 4wd
6.5 .0
5.8 .0
6.8 .0
9.6 .0
11.9 .3
29.7 .9
37.0 .7
45. 6 .8
47.3 3.1
53 . 7 1.0
61.
71.
77.
81.
82 .
84.
83 .
80.
85.
84.
82 .
86 .
86 .
87.
87.
84.
84.
84.
81.
81.
78.
. 6
. 1
. 0
. 7
. 5
. 6
. 2
. 8
. 1
.4
. 0
. 5
. 5
. 0
. 2
. 9
. 1
. 9
. 7
. 3
. 0
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
5
6
. 1
. 1
. 1
. 8
. 0
. 0
.4
. 1
.2
.4
.2
.5
. 7
.3
.2
. 1
.2
. 8
. 8
.4
.2
TRANSMISSION
Manual Lock
19. 9
17.1
16 . 8
20.2 6.7
22.3 8.0
31.9 16.5
30.4 33.3
29.7 51.4
26.5 56.7
24. 1 58.3
22 .
24.
24.
24.
21.
19.
20.
17.
17.
16 .
16 .
14.
13 .
12 .
10.
11.
11.
11 .
11.
13 .
13 .
. 8
. 8
. 9
.3
. 0
. 6
.5
.4
. 8
. 7
.3
. 9
,5
.3
. 9
.2
,4
.2
. 1
. 8
. 0
58 .
58 .
59 .
66 .
69 .
72 .
73 .
76 .
77 .
79 .
81 .
83 .
85 .
87 .
88 .
87 .
87 .
88 .
87 .
84 .
83 .
. 7
. 0
.5
. 1
.3
. 9
.5
.4
. 0
.3
. 9
. 6
. 8
.4
.4
. 7
.5
. 1
. 9
.3
.3
TYPE
CVT
.1
. 0
. 1
. 0
. 0
. 1
1 . 0
. 1
. 0
. 0
.2
.4
. 9
1 .2
2 . 0
19D
-------
Table 3, Continued
Powertrain Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Light-Duty Vehicles
Trucks
< Measured Characteristics > < Percent by:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
SALES
(000) FRAC
1987
2612
2823
3273
3088
1863
1821
1914
2300
3345
3669
4350
4134
4559
4435
3805
4049
4064
4754
5710
5749
5254
6124
6485
6839
7447
7202
7815
7824
7772
8534
. 194
. 212
. 200
. 227
. 222
. 165
. 173
. 197
. 223
. 239
. 254
. 283
. 278
. 298
. 307
. 302
. 322
. 334
. 360
.404
. 380
.400
.424
.449
.449
.449
.461
.485
.496
.488
ADJ
55/45
MPG
11. 6
12 .2
13 .3
12 . 9
12 .5
15. 8
17. 1
17.4
17. 8
17.4
17.5
18.3
18.4
18. 1
17. 8
17.7
18. 1
17. 8
17. 9
17. 7
17.5
17. 8
17. 6
17. 8
17.5
17.7
17. 6
17. 6
17. 8
17. 9
ENGINE HP/
CID HP CID Diesel Hybrid Valve
311
319
318
314
298
248
247
243
231
224
224
211
210
227
234
237
228
234
235
239
244
243
248
242
249
242
243
244
243
248
142
141
147
146
138
121
119
120
118
118
124
123
131
141
146
151
150
155
162
166
168
179
187
187
197
197
209
219
221
231
.498 18.2
247 237
.476
.458
.482
.481
.486
.528
.508
.524
.543
.557
.586
. 621
. 654
. 650
. 653
. 668
. 681
. 685
. 710
. 717
. 715
. 757
. 775
. 795
. 814
. 832
. 882
. 918
. 927
. 949
. 973
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 8
1. 8
3 . 5
5. 6
9. 3
4. 7
2 . 3
1. 1
. 7
. 3
. 2
. 2
. 2
. 1
. 1
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 1
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
lulti- DRIVE!
ralve Front
6 .
8.
12 .
14.
16 .
17.
20.
28.
36 .
37.
43 .
. 1
. 9
. 9
. 2
. 3
. 4
. 9
. 1
. 1
. 7
. 8
1.
1.
1.
1.
4.
7.
5.
7.
9.
9.
15.
9.
13 .
15.
13 .
17.
20.
13 .
18.
17.
19.
18.
18.
19.
17.
.4
. 9
. 7
.4
. 9
. 1
. 9
.4
. 0
. 9
. 5
. 7
. 6
. 1
. 1
. 7
. 1
. 9
. 7
.4
.4
. 5
. 5
. 2
. 8
uy ;
CRA]
4v
17.
22 .
23 .
29.
18.
25.
20.
20.
25.
31.
30.
30.
31.
33 .
32 .
31.
35.
31.
29.
36 .
40.
37.
43 .
42 .
44.
42 .
43 .
47.
46 .
52 .
[N
?d
. 1
. 9
. 6
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 1
. 0
. 8
. 0
. 6
.3
.5
.3
. 0
.3
.3
.4
.4
. 9
. 7
. 1
,2
. 0
. 6
.4
, 8
. 6
.5
. 7
TRANSMISSION TYPE
Manual Lock CVT
37. 0
34. 8
32 . 0
32 .4
35
53
51
45
45
42
37
42
39
35
32
28
31
27
23
23
20
15
14
13
9
8
6
5
4
4
.2
. 0
. 6
. 7
. 9
. 1
. 1
. 7
. 9
.5
. 7
. 1
. 0
.3
.3
.5
.5
. 6
. 6
.4
. 1
. 0
.3
. 0
. 8
.2
2 .
24 .
31 .
33 .
36 .
35 .
42 .
42 .
44 .
53 .
56 .
67 .
67 .
71 .
75 .
75 .
78 .
83 .
85 .
86 .
90 .
91 .
93 .
94 .
93 .
94 .
. 1
. 6
. 1
.2
. 1
. 1
.2
. 0
. 8
. 1
. 8
.4
.4
.5
. 7
. 1
. 6
.5
. 0
. 0
.5
. 7
.4
.7 . 0
.7 1.2
.3 1.0
49. 5
24.2 46.8
4.1 93 . 6 2.2
20 D
-------
Table 3, Continued
Powertrain Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Light-Duty Vehicles
Cars and Trucks
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
«v I1
SALES
(000)
10224
12334
14123
14448
13882
11306
10554
9732
10302
14020
14460
15365
14865
15295
14453
12615
12573
12172
13211
14125
15145
13144
14459
14457
15218
16574
15610
16120
15776
15920
17150
'its eats U.J. ts
FRAC
1 . 000
1 . 000
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
U. W11CLJ.C
ADJ
55/45
MPG
13 . 1
14.2
15.
15.
15.
19.
20.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
22 .
22 .
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
21.
. 1
. 8
. 9
.2
.5
. 1
. 0
. 0
.3
. 9
. 1
. 1
. 7
.5
. 7
.3
.4
. 0
. 1
.2
. 9
. 9
. 6
. 7
. 7
. 6
. 8
. 8
. 0
a^ uts j. j. ta uj.^ s
ENGINE
CID HP
293 137
294 135
287
266
252
198
193
188
193
190
189
180
175
180
185
185
184
191
191
197
196
197
199
199
203
200
201
203
204
207
209
136
129
124
104
102
103
107
109
114
114
118
123
129
135
138
145
147
152
158
164
169
171
179
181
187
195
199
206
212
HP/ Multi-
CID Diesel Hybrid Valve
.507 . 2
.493 .2
.510
.525
.532
.574
.580
.593
.599
. 618
. 650
. 678
. 710
. 726
. 743
. 781
. 796
. 807
. 809
. 816
. 857
. 878
. 890
. 904
. 921
. 942
. 968
. 994
1 . 007
1 . 025
1 . 044
.4
. 9
2 . 0
4. 3
5. 9
5. 6
2 . 7
1. 8
. 9
.4
. 3
. 1
. 1
. 1
. 1
. 1
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 1
. 1
. 1
. 1
. 1
. 1
. 2
. 2
. 2
. 2
27 . 1
36 . 7
39 . 7
39 . 9
42 .3
42 . 9
.0 46.0
.0 49.3
.2 53 . 8
.3 55 .5
.5 61.0
.8 64.4
ej.(_;eiii_ j_>y; -
DRIVETRAIN
Front 4wd
5.3 3.3
4.6 4.8
5.
7 .
9.
25.
31.
37.
37.
42 .
47.
52 .
57.
60.
60.
63 .
59.
58.
59.
55.
57.
60.
55.
56 .
55.
55.
53 .
52 .
50.
50.
51.
.5
.4
.2
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 1
. 8
. 6
. 7
. 0
.2
. 8
. 6
.4
. 9
. 6
. 6
. 0
. 8
.4
. 8
.5
. 8
. 7
. 7
.3
.2
4
6
4
4
4
4
8
8
9
9
9
10
10
10
12
11
11
15
16
15
19
20
21
20
21
25
25
28
26
. 7
. 6
.3
. 9
. 0
. 6
. 1
.2
.3
.3
. 6
.5
.5
. 1
.3
.2
.3
.2
.2
. 7
.3
. 1
.3
.2
. 9
. 0
. 0
.5
.4
TRANSMISSION TYPE
Manual Lock CVT
23 .2
20.9
19.
23 .
25.
35.
34.
32 .
30.
28.
26 .
29.
29.
27.
24.
22 .
23 .
20.
19.
19.
17.
15.
14.
12 .
10.
9.
9.
8.
8.
9.
8.
. 8
. 0
. 1
.4
. 1
. 8
. 8
.4
.5
. 8
. 1
. 6
. 6
.2
. 9
. 7
. 8
.5
. 9
.2
, 0
. 8
. 1
. 7
, 0
.2
. 0
.1
. 6
5.
6 .
17.
33 .
47.
52 .
52 .
54.
53 .
55.
62 .
65.
71.
71.
74.
76 .
77.
80.
83 .
85.
86 .
89.
89.
90.
91.
90.
89.
88.
. 2
. 7
. 8
. 0
. 8
. 1
. 8
. 5
. 5
.4
. 2
. 5
. 2
. 6
. 8
. 5
. 6
. 7
. 5
, 5
. 8
.4
. 5
, 2
. 3
.8 1.1
.2 1.1
.4 2.0
21 D
-------
Table 4
MY2005 Technology Usage by Vehicle Type and Size
(Percent of Vehicle Type/Size Strata)
Vehicle
Type
Car
Wagon
Van
SUV
Pickup
Size
Small
Midsize
Large
All
Small
Midsize
Large
All
Small
Midsize
Large
All
Small
Midsize
Large
All
Small
Midsize
Large
Front
Wheel
Drive
77 .
92 .
62 .
80 .
81.
34.
59.
58 .
...
93 .
0.
87.
19.
23 .
6 .
15.
0 .
0.
0.
Four
Wheel
Drive
6 .
2 .
4 .
4 .
18.
36 .
41 .
29.
...
5 .
15.
6 .
78 .
62 .
65 .
64.
63 .
29.
45 .
Manual
Trans .
25.
6 .
0.
13 .
24.
7 .
0.
14.
_.
0.
0.
0.
18.
3 .
0.
2 .
37.
32.
6 .
Multi
Valve
88
84
40
77
97
90
81
92
..
40
0
37
74
66
51
58
100
51
37
All
43
10
39
22 D
-------
Figures 9 through 13 show trends in drive use for the five vehicle classes. Cars used to be
nearly all rear-wheel drive, but since 1988 they have been over 80 percent front-wheel drive with
a small four-wheel (4WD) drive fraction. In recent years, the there has been a slight increase in
the use of front wheel drive in cars with use of this technology increasing from about one percent
in the late 1990s to four percent this year. Only a small percentage of wagons still have rear-
wheel drive, but in recent years they have made substantial use of 4WD.
Drive usage for vans is similar to that for cars, although the trend since the introduction
of front-wheel drive vans is sharper than it was for cars and appears to be continuing. Five out of
six vans currently use front wheel drive, compared to essentially none before 1984. SUVs are
mostly 4WD; with the beginning of a trend toward front-wheel drive just showing up since
MY2000. Pickups remain the bastion of rear-wheel drive with the increasing amount of 4WD
the only other drive option. Except for a brief period in the early 1980s, front-wheel drive has
not been used in pickups
Front, Rear and Four Wheel Drive Usage
(Three Year Moving Average)n
Carsn
Front, Rear and Four Wheel Drive Usage
(Three Year Moving Average)
Wagons
OFront 04wd ORear
OFront 04wd ORear
100%
Sales Fraction
80% -
60% -
40% -
20% -
100%
Sales Fraction
80% -
60% -
40% -
20% -
0%
1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Model Year
Figure 9
0% pTTaPf~'~^^^
1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Model Year
Figure 10
23 D
-------
Front, Rear and Four Wheel Drive Usage
(Three Year Moving Average)
Vans
OFront O4wd ORear
100%
Sales Fraction
80% -
60% -
40%
20% -
0%
1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Model Year
Figure 11
Front, Rear and Four Wheel Drive Usage D
(Three Year Moving Average)n
SUVsn
OFront 04wd ORear
100%
Sales Fraction
80% -
60% -
40% -
20% -
0%
1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Model Year
Figure 12
Front, Rear and Four Wheel Drive Usage
(Three Year Moving Average)n
Pickups n
n Front 04wd QRear
100%
Sales Fraction
80% -
60% -
40%
20% -
0%
1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Model Year
Figure 13
24 D
-------
Three important changes in transmission design have occurred in recent years:
1) the use of additional gears for both automatic and manual transmissions,
2) for the automatics, conversion to lockup (L3, L4, L5, L6 and now L7) torque converter
transmissions, and
3) the use of continuously variable transmissions (CVTs).
Figures 14 to 17 indicate that the L4 transmission remains the predominant transmission
type for all vehicle classes. For purposes of this analysis, cars and wagons have been combined
as "cars," because the trends for wagons are not significantly different from that for cars. Where
manual transmissions are used, the 5-speed (M5) transmission now predominates.
Because only a small fraction of vehicles are equipped with M6, L6, L7 and CVT
transmissions in MY2005, these transmission types are combined as 'Other' on Figure 14. Their
combined sales fraction is too small to show on Figures 15 to 17. More data stratified by
transmission type can be found in Appendix J.
The increasing trend in Ton-MPG shown in Table 1 can be attributed to better vehicle
design, including more efficient engines, better transmission design, and better matching of the
engine and transmission. Powertrains are matched to the load better when the engine operates
closer to its best efficiency point more of the time. For many conventional engines, this point is
approximately 2000 RPM and 2/3 of the maximum torque at that speed. One way to make the
engine operate more closely to its best efficiency point is to increase the number of gears in the
transmission and, for automatic transmissions, employing a lockup torque converter.
Table 5 compares Ton-MPG by transmission and vehicle type between 1987, the peak
year for passenger car fuel economy, and this year. In 1987 every transmission type shown in the
table achieved less than 40 Ton-MPG. This year, every transmission type achieves at least 40
Ton-MPG with one exception: M6 equipped cars and SUVs which respectively achieve averages
of 29 and 3 5 Ton-MPG.
A recent powertrain trend has been the development and introduction of CVTs in some
vehicle models. These transmissions differ from conventional automatic transmissions and
manual transmissions in that CVTs do not have a fixed number of gears. Transmissions alter the
ratio of engine speed to drive wheel speed. In conventional transmissions, this speed ratio is
limited to a fixed number of discrete values. For a CVT, the ratio is continuous.
In addition to novelty, the advantage of a CVT is that the engine speed/drive wheel speed
ratio can be altered to enhance vehicle performance or fuel economy in ways not available with
conventional transmissions. While this vehicle technology has great potential, a decade and a
half after being introduced for use in an MY1987 Subaru Justy, CVTs are currently used in just
two percent of the light-duty vehicle fleet, compared to about one percent last year.
25 D
-------
100%
80%
60% -
Transmission Sales Fraction
(Three Year Moving Average)
Cars
Sales Fraction
40%
20% -
1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004
Model Year
Figure 14
100%
Transmission Sales Fraction
(Three Year Moving Average)
Vans
Sales Fraction
80% -
60% -
M5
40% -
20% -
1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Model Year
Figure 15
100%
Transmission Sales Fraction
(Three Year Moving Average)
SUVs
Sales Fraction
80% -
60% -
40%
20% -
1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Model Year
Figure 16
Transmission Sales Fraction
(Three Year Moving Average)
Pickups
100%
Sales Fraction
80% -
60%
40%
20% -
1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Model Year
Figure 17
26 D
-------
Table 5
Ton-MPG by Transmission and Vehicle Type
(Conventionally Powered Vehicles)
Trans
M4
M5
M6
CVT
L3
L4
L5
L6
Car
2005 1987
43
39
45
44
44
44
38
37
36
37
Van
2005 1987
33
37
46
45
48
36
36
SUV
2005 1987
42
35
43
43
41
46
35
34
31
35
Pickup
2005 1987
41
40
44
39
36
35
32
34
Figures 18 through 21 compare the trends since 1975 for horsepower (HP), displacement
(CID), and specific power or horsepower per cubic inch (HP/CID) for cars, vans, SUVs, and
pickups. For all four vehicle types, significant CID reductions occurred in the late 1970s and
early 1980s. Engine displacement has been flat for cars and vans since the mid-1980s and has
been flat for SUVs since the mid-1990s, but is still increasing for pickups. Average horsepower
has increased substantially for all of these vehicle types since 1981 with the highest increase
occurring for pickups whose HP is now more than double what it was then (i.e., 255 vs 115 HP).
Light-duty vehicle engines, thus, have also improved in specific power with engines used in
passenger cars improving at a faster rate than truck engines. In fact, for the past several years, car
engines have averaged at least 1.0 HP/CID. As shown in Table 6, SUVs now average 1.0
HP/CID, but vans and pickups have yet to reach the 1.0 HP/CID level.
Table 6
MY2005 Engine Characteristics by Vehicle Type
Vehicle
Type
Car
Wagon
Van
SUV
Pickup
All
HP
185
197
210
236
255
212
CID
172
161
219
239
279
HP/
CID
1.10
1 .24
.97
1.01
.92
Multi
Valve
77%
92%
37%
59%
39%
209
1 .04
64%
27 D
-------
Car Horsepower, CID
and Horsepower per CID
(Three Year Moving Average)
360
320
280
240
200
160
120
80
HP, CID
40
HP/CID
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4D
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005D
Model Year
Figure 18D
Van Horsepower, CID
and Horsepower per CID
(Three Year Moving Average)
360
HP, CID
HP/CID
120 y 0.6
40
0.4D
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005D
Model Year
Figure 19D
SUV Horsepower, CID
and Horsepower per CID
(Three Year Moving Average)
360
HP, CID
320
280
240
HP/CID
0.4D
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005D
Model Year
Figure 20D
Pickup Horsepower, CID
and Horsepower per CID
(Three Year Moving Average)
360
HP, CID
HP/CID
320
280
240
0.5
0.4D
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005D
Model Year
Figure 21D
28 D
-------
Table 7 compares CID, HP, and HP/CID by vehicle type and number of cylinders for
model years 1987 and 2005. Table 7 shows that the increase in horsepower shown for the fleet
in Table 1 extends to all vehicle type and cylinder member strata. All strata show improvements,
ranging from about 40 to over 85 percent in horsepower. Because of the less than equal changes
in displacement (-6% to 15%), it can be seen that the primary reason for the horsepower increase
is increased specific power — up between 37 and 93 percent from 1987 to 2005. At the number-
of-cylinders level of stratification, model year 2005 cars achieve higher specific power than
SUVs, vans, and pickup trucks. Table 8 shows similar data to that in Table 7, but the
stratification is based on inertia weight. This table clearly shows that, for every case for which a
comparison can be made, there were substantial increases in HP and with just two exceptions
(2250 Ib cars and 4000 Ib SUVs), substantial decreases in CID occurred between 1987 and 2005
with increases in specific power ranging from 44 to 166 percent.
A reason for the lower specific power of some truck engines is that these vehicles may be
used to carry heavy loads or pull trailers and thus need more "torque rise," (i.e., an increase in
torque as engine speed falls from the peak power point) to achieve acceptable driveability.
Engines equipped with four valves per cylinder typically have inherently lower torque rise than
two valve engines with lower specific power.
Table 7
Improvement in Horsepower and Specific Power
by Vehicle Type and Number of Cylinders
HP Percent CID CID Percent HP/CID HP/CID
1987 2005 Change
Vehicle HP
Percent
Type Cyl. 1987 2005 Change 1987 2005 Change
Cars
Vans
SUVs
Pickups
92
143
155
100
149
167
95
138
181
96
136
169
147
212
290
150
207
274
155
225
293
162
204
291
60%
48%
87%
50%
39%
64%
63%
63%
62%
69%
50%
72%
121
198
299
143
219
319
127
198
336
140
222
320
127
200
289
148
214
315
141
221
316
161
233
318
5%
1%
-3%
3%
-2%
-1%
11%
12%
-6%
15%
5%
-1%
. 772
. 733
.520
.702
. 703
. 521
1. 163
1. 067
1.005
1.014
. 974
. 869
51%
45%
93%
44%
39%
67%
755
709
537
686
638
527
1
1
1
. 099
. 025
. 927
. 010
.874
.911
46%
44%
73%
47%
37%
73%
29 D
-------
Table 8
Improvement in Horsepower and Specific Power by Inertia Weight
Inertia
Weight
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
HP
1987
55
69
78
96
111
147
157
140
191
187
173
148
163
167
195
130
117
134
127
144
175
209
137
121
141
168
183
130
HP
2005
73
160
112
117
138
187
238
268
260
434
351
183
218
201
264
279
161
162
197
231
263
294
304
155
196
219
279
295
Perce:
Chang
33%
132%
44%
22%
24%
27%
52%
91%
36%
132%
103%
24%
34%
20%
35%
115%
38%
21%
55%
60%
50%
41%
122%
28%
39%
30%
52%
127%
CID CID Percent
1987 2005 Change
Cars
HP/CID HP/CID Percent
1987 2005 Change
70
90
104
124
147
217
294
306
410
412
412
222
313
322
346
379
150
191
172
325
326
350
376
61
99
93
103
124
171
214
284
221
326
337
Vans
197
219
232
304
322
SUVs
144
149
197
231
263
299
329
-13%
10%
-11%
-17%
-16%
-21%
-27%
-7%
-46%
-21%
-18%
-11%
-30%
-28%
-12%
-15%
-4%
-22%
15%
-29%
-19%
-15%
-13%
Pickups
178
273
316
332
379
166
205
247
305
324
-7%
-25%
-22%
-8%
-15%
799
766
749
790
767
703
551
458
466
454
420
689
521
516
564
343
780
710
737
450
535
596
366
696
530
531
550
343
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.197
.563
.195
.140
.117
.115
.135
.950
.170
.325
.032
. 936
.003
.872
.862
.864
.118
.095
.008
.006
.019
.995
.922
.937
.959
.892
. 910
.911
50%
104%
60%
44%
46%
59%
106%
107%
151%
192%
146%
36%
93%
69%
53%
152%
43%
54%
37%
123%
91%
67%
152%
35%
81%
68%
66%
166%
30D
-------
Figures 22 and 23 show how the car and truck fleet have evolved from one that consisted
almost entirely of carbureted engines to one which is now almost entirely port fuel injected. In
1975, about 95 percent of all cars had carburetors as did almost all of the trucks. For MY2005,
about 80 percent of cars have multi-valve, port fuel injected engines, as do more than 40 percent
of the trucks.
Figures 24 through 27 show that engines with more valves per cylinder deliver higher
values of HP per CID. Improvements in HP per CID apply to all of the engines, regardless of the
number of valves they have. Engines with only two valves per cylinder deliver substantially
more horsepower per CID then they used to, typically about a 50 percent increase for the time
period shown. The difference in HP and HP-per-CID is because the different vehicle types use
different technologies. Figures 28 through 31 show that usage of two-valve engines is decreasing
for all vehicle types and is now a nominal 20 percent for cars, compared to 40 percent for SUVs
and 60 percent for vans and pickups.
Car Sales Fraction by Engine Type
(Three Year Moving Average)
Truck Sales Fraction by Engine Type
(Three Year Moving Average)
100%
Sales Fraction
80% -
60% -
100%
Sales Fraction
80% -
60% -
40%
20% - -
1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Model Year
Figure 22
40%
20% -
1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Model Year
Figure 23
31D
-------
HP/CID by Number of Valves Per Cylindern
(Three Year Moving Averagejn
Carsn
1.2
1.0
0.8
HP/CID
0.6
0.43
4-Valve
2-Valve
1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004D
Model Year
Figure 24D
HP/CID by Number of Valves Per Cylindern
(Three Year Moving Average)n
Vansn
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
HP/CID
4-Valve
3-Valve
2-Valve
0.4DI i i i I i i i I i i i I i i i I i i i I i i i
1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004D
Model Year
Figure 25D
HP/CID by Number of Valves Per Cylindern
(Three Year Moving Average)n
SUVsn
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
HP/CID
0.4B
2-Valve
4-Valve
1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004D
Model Year
Figure 26D
HP/CID by Number of Valves Per Cylindern
(Three Year Moving Average)n
Pickupsn
1.2
HP/CID
1.0-
0.8
0.6
0.43
4-Valve -
2-Valve
1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004D
Model Year
Figure 27D
32D
-------
Number of Valves per Cylinder
(Three Year Moving Average)
Cars
iFive OFour OThree OTwo
100%
Sales Fraction
80% -
60% -
40% -
20% -
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Model Year
Figure 28
Number of Valves per Cylinder
(Three Year Moving Average)
Vans
nFour nThree nTwo
100%
Sales Fraction
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Model Year
Figure 29
Number of Valves per Cylinder
(Three Year Moving Average)
SUVs
QFour OThree nTwo
100%
Sales Fraction
80% -
60% -
40% -
20% -
0%
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Model Year
Figure 30
Number of Valves per Cylinder
(Three Year Moving Average)
Pickups
100% -
80% -
60% -
40% -
20% -
0% -
19
OFour OTwo
Sales Fraction
.
88 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003
Model Year
Figure 31
33D
-------
As mentioned earlier, in this report vehicle performance of hybrid and diesel vehicles is
based on published 0 to 60 mph acceleration time values, while the performance of
conventionally powered vehicles is determined by an estimate of 0 to 60 acceleration time
calculated from the ratio of vehicle power to weight. Obtaining increased power to weight in a
time when weight is trending upwards implies that horsepower is increasing. Increased
horsepower can be obtained by increasing the engine's displacement, the engine's specific power
(HP/CID), or both. Increasing specific power has been the primary driver for increases in
performance for the past two decades.
For the current model year fleet, specific power has been studied, and both car and truck
engines been classified according to characteristics that exist in the database used for this report:
(1) by the number of valves per cylinder, (2) by the manufacturer's fuel recommendation, and (3)
by the presence or absence of an intake boost device such as a turbocharger or supercharger.
While studying the presence or absence of means for varying the engine's valve timing is also of
interest, the database currently does not include that information. Figures 32 and 33 and Table
9 show the results for the MY2005 car fleet. Higher HP/CID is associated with: (a) more valves
per cylinder, (b) higher octane fuel, and (c) intake boost. The technical approaches result in
specific power ranges for cars and trucks from about .9 to about 1.8 and about .9 to 1.4
respectively. The relative sales fraction for each technical option is shown in Table 9. The data
used for this table excludes hybrid vehicles and for Figures 32 and 33 exclude both diesels and
hybrids.
Table 9 shows the incremental effect, on a sales weighted basis, of adding each technical
option, but not all of the technical options are sales significant. The effect of the use of higher
octane fuel cannot be discounted, because roughly 18 percent of the current car fleet is comprised
of vehicles which use engines for which high octane fuel is recommended. By comparison,
about six percent of this year's light trucks require premium fuel.
Engine technology which delivers improved specific power can be used in many ways
ranging from reduced displacement and improved fuel economy at constant (or worse)
performance, to increased performance and the same fuel economy at constant displacement.
Figures 34 and 35 give, as an indication of how the different technologies are used, plots of fuel
economy and performance. The trend lines in these two figures reflect the fuel economy/
performance tradeoff, on the average. By drawing a vertical line at the average performance, and
a horizontal line at the average mpg, the space in each figure is divided into four areas of
better/worse performance crossed with better/worse fuel economy compared to the averages. As
both figures show, the technologies that result in improved specific power tend to be in the
Quadrant in of the graph where the performance is better than the average and the fuel economy
is worse than the average, suggesting that the technologies are being implemented in the
direction of better vehicle performance, not better vehicle fuel economy. In terms of sales,
roughly 40 percent of the car data is in the Quadrant II (the Slower/Higher one), 40 percent is in
Quadrant in (the Faster/Lower one), and 10 percent is in each of the other two quadrants. Truck
sales, however, are roughly split 30 percent in each of Quadrants H and IE, and 10 percent each
in Quadrants I and IV.
34D
-------
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
HP/CID
HP/CID by Engine Technology and Fuel
MY2005 Cars
CH Regular CH Premium
2 Valve 3 Valve 4 Valve 2 V Boost 3 V Boost 4 V Boost
Figure 32
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
HP/CID
HP/CID by Engine Technology and Fuel
MY2005 Trucks
dlRegular dlPremium
I
Average
Truck
I
i
';;;;;;;;;;
2 Valve 3 Valve 4 Valve 2 V Boost 3 V Boost 4 V Boost
Figure 33
35
-------
Table 9
HP/CID and Sales Fraction by Fuel and Engine Technology
Model Year 2005 Cars
Fuel/Boost
Two
Regular/No Boost .88
Premium/No Boost 1.22
Regular/Boost
Premium/Boost 1.08
Diesel/No Boost
Diesel/Boost .94
Total
Number of Valves per Cylinder
Three Four
Five
Total
.les
•act.
197
008
007
003
213
HP/CID Sales
Fract.
1.07 .006
1.06 .018
1 .78 .001
.024
HP/CID
1
1
1
1
1
-
.12
.29
.72
.57
.02
Sales
Fract.
.612
. 091
. 001
. 034
. 001
.738
HP/CID Sales Sales
Fract. Fract
-814
1.26 .007 .124
. 001
1.57 .016 .057
. 001
. 003
.021 1.000
Fuel/Boost
Two
Model Year 2005 Trucks
Number of Valves per Cylinder
Three Four
Five
HP/CID Sales HP/CID Sales HP/CID Sales HP/CID Sales
Fract. Fract. Fract. Fract.
Total
Sales
Fract.
Regular/No Boost
Premium/No Boost
Regular/Boost
Premium/Boost
Diesel/No Boost
Diesel/Boost
Total
. 97
.494
. 016
. 91
. 97
.055
.004
1 . 07
1 . 15
1 .43
.509
.058
.388
. 036
. 005
.428
1 .22
. 001
. 002
. 001
. 937
. 057
.000
. 005
.000
. 000
1.000
36D
-------
55/45 Laboratory MPG vs 0 to 60 : MY2005 Cars
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
55/45 Lab MPG
//.- Slower 0 to 60
Higher MPG
Fuel / Boost
+ Regular/No Boost
X Regular/Boost
• Premium/No Boost
o Premium/Boost
—Fit
• Hybrid
a Diesel
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
0 to 60 Time (Sec.)
Figure 34
55/45 Laboratory MPG vs 0 to 60 : MY2005 Trucks
50
40
30
20
10
0
55/45 Lab MPG
, -$- ++-if
Fuel / Boost
+ Regular/No Boost
• Premium/No Boost
o Premium/Boost
—Fit
• Hybrid
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
0 to 60 Time (Sec.)
Figure 35
37D
-------
Figures 34 and 35 indicate that hybrid and diesel vehicles are technologies with
significant potential for improving fuel economy. As previously shown in Table 3, the popularity
of hybrid cars has increased an order of magnitude since the introduction for sale in the U.S.
market of the MY2000 Honda Insight. Table 10 compares the fuel economy ratings, the ratio of
highway to city fuel economy, and ton-mpg of the MY2005 hybrid and diesel vehicles in the
database used for this report with those for the average conventionally powered MY2005 car and
truck. All of the hybrid and some of the diesel vehicles in the table have a lower highway/city
ratio than the average conventional ones. In addition, there are several cases in the table (e.g., the
Ford Escape Hybrid) for which the highway to city fuel economy ratio is less than 1.0, and these
represent cases where a vehicle achieves higher fuel economy in city than in highway driving.
This year's diesel cars achieve ton-mpg values that are roughly the same as some of the hybrid
cars, but hybrid cars typically have lower 0 to 60 acceleration time than cars with diesel engines.
For MY2005, the Toyota Prius achieves 83 ton-mpg, almost twice that of the average car.
Table 10
Characteristics of MY2005 Hybrid and Diesel Vehicles
Model Name
Inertia
Weight
Lab
CID Trans 55/45
MPG
<-- Adjusted ->
City HWY 55/45
MPG MPG MPG
Hwy/
City Ton-
Ratio MPG
Diesel Cars
Mercedes E320
Golf
Golf/Jetta
Jetta Wagon
New Beetle
Passat Wagon
Accord
Civic
Civic
Insight
Insight
Prius
Escape 2wd
Escape 4wd
GM C15 Pickup 2wd
GM K15 Pickup 4wd
Average Car
Average Truck
4000
3000
3500
3500
3500
4000
197
116
116
116
116
121
L5
M5
L5
M5
L6
L5
35
48
42
47
45
36
.5
.2
.4
.5
. 0
.1
26,
37,
32 ,
36,
35 ,
26,
.6
.6
.1
.5
.9
.9
36.7
46.3
43 .1
47.0
41.6
37.8
30
41
36
40
38
30
.3
.1
.2
.5
.3
.9
1.38
1.23
1.34
1.29
1.16
1.40
60.7
61.6
63 .4
70.9
67 .0
61.8
Hybrid Cars
3500
3000
3000
2000
2250
3000
183
82
82
61
61
91
L5
CVT
M5
M5
CVT
CVT
37
56
56
74
66
65
.5
.2
.4
.3
.4
.8
29.0
47.8
45 .9
60.9
56 .5
59.9
36
47
50
65
55
50
.6
.2
.6
.8
.7
.5
32 .0
47.5
47.9
63.0
56.1
55.3
1,
1,
1,
.26
.99
.10
.08
. 99
.84
55.9
71.3
71.8
63.0
63.2
83.0
Hybrid Trucks
4000
4000
5000
5500
3497
4689
140
140
325
325
171
247
CVT
CVT
L4
L4
39
36
22
21
28
21
.5
.7
.4
.0
.8
.3
35
32
17
17
21
16
.6
.9
.8
.0
.6
.2
30
28
20
19
29
21
.8
.8
.8
.0
.6
.3
33
30
19
17
24
18
.3
.9
.0
.9
.3
.2
1,
1,
1,
1,
.86
.87
.16
.12
.37
.31
66,
61,
47,
49,
42 ,
42 ,
.5
.9
.6
.1
.5
.7
38D
-------
All but two of the vehicles in Table 10 (the Honda Insight and the Toyota Prius) have
conventionally powered counterparts. Tables 11 and 12 compare the adjusted 55/45 fuel economy
and an estimate of annual fuel usage (assuming 15,000 miles per year) for these vehicles with their
conventionally powered (baseline) counterparts. The comparisons in both tables are limited to a
basis of: model name, drive, inertia weight, transmission, and engine size (CID) and in most cases
more than one comparison is made. Differences in the performance attributes of these vehicles
complicate making the forward analysis of the fuel economy improvement potential due to
hybridization and dieselization. In particular, hybrid vehicles are often reported to have faster 0 to
60 acceleration times than their conventional counterparts, while vehicles equipped with diesel
engines have higher low-end torque, but slower 0 to 60 times. In addition, some hybrid vehicles use
Table 11
Comparison of Hybrid Cars and Trucks With Their Conventional Counterparts
< Hybrid Version > < Baseline Version >
Model Name
Accord
Civic
Civic
Escape 2wd
Escape 4WD
Inertia ADJ Gal
Weight CID Trans 55/45 Per
3500 183 L5
3000
3000
82
82
CVT
M5
4000 140 CVT
4000 140 CVT
GM CIS Pickup 2wd 5000 325 L4
GM K15 Pickup 4wd 5500 325 L4
MPG Year*
32.0 469
Inertia ADJ Gal
Weight CID Trans 55/45 Per
MPG Year*
47.5
47. 9
316
313
33.3 451
30.9 485
19.0 788
17.9 840
3500
3500
ADJ Gal
55/45 Per
MPG Year*
183 L5
144 L5
24.4
27.4
616
547
2750 102 CVT 37.0 406
31%
17%
29%
147
78
90
3000
2750
3500
3500
3500
4000
3500
3500
5000
5500
5000
5000
5000
5500
5000
5500
5000
5500
122
102
182
140
140
182
140
140
364
293
325
262
293
364
262
325
325
293
M5
M5
L4
L4
M5
L4
L4
M5
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
27.
34.
21 .
23 .
26 .
19.
19.
23 .
16 .
17.
17.
17.
18.
14.
15.
16 .
16 .
17.
. 7
. 0
. 6
. 1
.4
. 3
. 9
. 7
. 8
. 3
. 5
. 8
. 2
. 7
. 0
. 2
. 5
. 3
542
441
695
651
568
777
755
634
894
868
857
843
825
1020
1001
928
910
868
73%
41%
54%
44%
26%
60%
56%
31%
13%
10%
9%
7%
5%
21%
19%
10%
8%
3%
229
127
244
200
118
292
270
149
106
80
69
55
36
181
161
88
70
28
*Note:
Gallons per year calculation is based on all vehicles being driven 15,000 miles per year.
39D
-------
technologies such as cylinder deactivation and CVT transmissions that are not offered in their
counterparts. Given the difficulty in choosing the "right" baseline vehicle, Table 11 thus
typically includes multiple baseline cases and comparisons. In addition, because the Escape
Hybrid is equipped with a CVT and the conventionally powered Escapes are not, Table 11
includes baseline data for both manual and automatic transmission versions of this vehicle.
Fuel economy improvements and fuel savings per year for the hybrid vehicles in Table 11
depend considerably on selection of the baseline vehicle. For example, the fuel economy
improvements for the four wheel drive GM K15 Pickup vary from 3 to 21 percent, while the
manual transmission equipped Civic hybrid provides a fuel economy improvement of about 40 to
70 percent. Even though the GM hybrid pickup trucks offer relatively low fuel economy
improvements, for a vehicle driven 15,000 miles per year, their fuel saving potential is relatively
significant. Similarly, fuel economy improvements for diesels range from about 25 to nearly 55
percent and these vehicles also offer relatively high savings in fuel usage. It should be noted that
this analysis does not include several highly publicized vehicles that are likely to be offered for
sale in the US market in calendar year 2005 including, for example, the diesel equipped MY2005
Jeep Liberty SUV and the MY2006 Lexis RX400 hybrid SUV because data for these vehicles
had not been provided to EPA by the manufacturers when the database used for this report was
prepared.
Table 12
Comparison of Diesel Cars With Their Conventional Counterparts
Model Name
Mercedes E320
Jetta
Jetta Wagon
New Beetle
New Beetle
Passat
< Diesel Version > < Baseline Version >
Inertia ADJ Gal Inertia ADJ Gal ADJ Gal
Weight CID Trans 55/45 Per Weight CID Trans 55/45 Per 55/45 Per
MPG
4000
3500
3500
197
116
116
L5
L5
M5
30,
36 .
40.
.3
.2
.5
Year*
494
414
370
4000
3500
3500
3500
195
109
121
109
L5
L5
M5
M5
MPG
22 . 7
24. 6
26 .4
26 . 7
Year*
660
610
568
562
MPG
33%
47%
54%
52%
Year*
165
196
198
192
3500 116 L6
3000 116 M5
3500 121 L5
38.3 392
41.1 365
30.9 485
3500 109 L6
3000 121 M5
3000 109 M5
3500 109 L5
25.0 600
26.6 564
26.8 559
24.7 608
53% 207
54% 199
53% 194
25% 122
*Note:
Gallons per year calculation is based on all vehicles being driven 15,000 miles per year.
40 D
-------
Car Technology Penetration
Years After First Significant Use
Car Technology Penetration
Years After First Significant Use
100%
80% --
60% --
40% --
20% --
Sales Fraction
100%
Sales Fraction
r*
JL* L5 Trans
80% --
60% --
40% --
20% --
TBI L3 Trans
5 10 15 20 25 30
Years
5 10 15 20 25 30
Figure 36
Figure 37
Figure 36 compares penetration rates for five passenger car technologies, namely port fuel
injection (Port FI), front-wheel drive (FWD), four valves per cylinder (4-Valve), and four- and
five-speed lockup transmissions (L4 and L5). This figure indicates that it may take a decade for
a technology to prove itself and attain a sales fraction of 40 to 50 percent and as long as another
five or ten years to reach maximum market penetration. It thus takes some time after the
introduction of a new technology for it to fully penetrate the market. The L4 case represents a
technology that took 20 years to reach a peak (of about 80 percent), and one that is now rapidly
declining.
A similar comparison of three technologies whose sales fraction peaked out at about 40
percent or less is shown in Figure 37. This figure shows that it often may take a number of years
for technologies such as 3-valve-per-cylinder engines (3-valve), throttle body fuel injection
(TBI), and lockup 3-speed (L3) transmissions to reach their maximum sales fraction, and, even
then, use of these technologies may continue for a decade or longer. For the limited number of
cases studied, the time a given technology needs to attain and then pass a market share of about
40 to 50 percent appears to be an indicator of whether it will ever attain a stabilized high level of
market penetration.
41 D
-------
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Consumption D
vs Inertia Weight
MY1975 and MY2005 Carsn
*M975 +2005 o Diesels "Hybrids
Fuel Consumption (Gal 100/mile)
1500 2500 3500 4500 5500
Inertia Weight
Figure 38
6500
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Consumption D
vs Inertia Weight
MY1975 and MY2005 Trucks D
^1975 +2005 • Hybrids
Fuel Consumption (Gal 100/mile)
1500
2500
3500 4500 5500
Inertia Weight
6500
Figure 39
Cars and light trucks with conventional drivetrains have a fuel consumption and weight
relationship which is well known and is shown on Figures 38 and 39. Fuel consumption goes up
with weight. Because vehicles with different propulsion systems, i.e., diesels and hybrids,
occupy a different place on such a fuel consumption and weight plot, the lines in these figures
were prepared without using the diesel or the hybrid data. At constant weight, MY2005 cars
typically consume about 30 to 40 percent less fuel per mile than their MY1975 counterparts. On
this same constant weight basis, this year's cars with diesel engines nominally consume about 30
percent less fuel than the conventionally powered ones while this year's hybrid cars are about 25
to 50 percent better. Similarly, at constant weight this year's conventionally powered trucks
achieve about 40 percent better fuel consumption than MY 1975 vehicles did. On a constant
weight basis, the Ford Escape Hybrids achieve about 40 percent better fuel consumption than
their MY2005 counterparts, but the GM C15 and K15 pickups are only about 10 percent better.
Figures 40 and 41 show the improvement that occurred between 1975 and 2005 for fuel
consumption as a function of O-to-60 time for cars and trucks. Figures 42 and 43 compare Ton-
MPG data vs O-to-60 time and show that at constant vehicle performance, there has been
substantial improvement in Ton-mpg, particularly for hybrid and diesel vehicles. While hybrid
powertrains offer significant potential for fuel economy and vehicle performance improvement,
their market share is not yet significant because some five years after the introduction for sale of
the first hybrid car (the MY2000 Insight), they account for two percent of all MY2005 cars and
an even smaller percentage of MY2005 trucks.
42
-------
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Consumption
vs 0 to 60 Time
MY1975 and MY2005 Cars
H*-1975 -I-2005 o Diesels
i Hybrids |
Fuel Consumption (Gal/100 mi.)
4 6
Figure 40
8 10 12 14 16
0 to 60 Time (Sec.)
18 20
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Consumption
vs 0 to 60 Time
MY1975 and MY2005 Trucks
-*-1975 -*-2005 • Hybrids
Fuel Consumption (Gal/100 mi.)
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
0 to 60 Time (Sec.)
Figure 41
Ton-MPG vs 0 to 60 Time
MY1975 and MY2005 Cars
+2005 -*-1975 o Diesels "Hybrids
100
Ton-MPG
80
60
40
20---A ^
o
o
2005
1975
0 5
Figure 42
10 15
0 to 60 Time
20
25
Ton-MPG vs 0 to 60 Time
MY 1975 and MY2005 Trucks
|+2005 -*-1975 • Hybrids]
100
Ton-MPG
80
60
40
20
2005
1975
0 5
Figure 43
10 15
0 to 60 Time
20
25
43 D
-------
V. Trends by Vehicle Type and Size
Table 1 showed that trucks are expected to account for about 50 percent of light-duty
vehicles produced during model year 2005. As shown in Figure 44 and Table 13, the sales
fraction for SUVs has increased; the sales fractions for cars and wagons has declined; that for
pickups and vans has remained nearly constant. Considering the five classes: cars, wagons,
SUVs, vans, and pickups, since 1975 the biggest increase in market share has been for SUVs, up
from less than two percent to 26 percent this year, and the biggest decrease has been for cars,
down from over 70 percent to about 45 percent. In addition, the combination of wagons and
vans has also been roughly a constant for the past two decades because while wagons have
dropped from a sales fraction of nine percent in 1975 to about four percent this year, vans have
increased from a sales fraction of about four percent in 1975 to about 10 percent this year. The
market dynamic, therefore, has been and is between cars and SUVs with the former dropping in
sales fraction and the latter increasing. If the SUV is the new "family" car, then a case could be
made that the market shares for pickups, people movers (vans and wagons) and "family" cars
have not changed much over time.
Figures 45 to 49 compare sales fractions by vehicle type and size with the fleet stratified
into five vehicle types: cars (i.e., coupes, sedans, and hatchbacks), station wagons, vans, sports
utility vehicles (SUVs), and pickup trucks; and three vehicle sizes: small, midsize, and large. As
shown in Figure 45, large cars accounted for about 20 percent of all car sales in the late 1970s,
but their share of the car market dropped slightly in the early 1980s and has not changed
significantly since then. Within the car segment of the market, the market share for small cars
peaked in the late 1980s at about 65 percent and is now lower than at anytime since 1975.
Sales Fraction by Vehicle Type
(Three Year Moving Average)
100%
Sales Fraction
80% --
60% --
40% --
20% -a.
•SUV
-Car
-Wagon
-Van
-Pickup
1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Model Year
Figure 44
44 D
-------
Large wagons accounted for more than 20 percent of the wagon segment of the market in
the late 1970s but then lost market share relatively consistently and were not produced at all
between 1996 and 2004. They reemerged in 2004 year but do not yet have a meaningful three
year moving average for their market share and account for less than one percent of all MY2005
vehicles. Similarly (see Figure 47), large vehicles accounted for nearly 40 percent of all vans
through the early 1980s compared to less than 10 percent now. Small vans have never had a
significant market share, and none have been produced in recent years. Figures 48 and 49 show
that there have been significant trends towards increased market share for both large SUVs and
pickups.
Table 13 compares the sales fractions by vehicle type and size on a different basis, that
for the total market. Since 1975, the largest increases in sales fractions have been for midsize
and large SUVs. These two classes are expected to account for about 25 percent of all light
vehicles built this year, compared to a combined total of about 1.3 and 4.2 percent in 1975 and
1987, respectively. Conversely, the largest sales fraction decrease has occurred for small cars
which accounted for 40 percent of all light-duty vehicles produced in 1975 and over 43 percent in
1987. While the small car class has consistently remained the largest of the 15 vehicle sizes and
types, its market share of the total market has since decreased to about 20 percent. An overall
decrease has occurred for large cars which accounted for about 15 percent of total light-duty sales
in 1975 when they ranked third. Between then and 1987, their sales fraction dropped by over 40
percent.
Car Sales Fraction by Vehicle Size
(Three Year Moving Average)
Wagon Sales Fraction by Vehicle Size
(Three Year Moving Average)
I Large dMidsize dSmall
I Large OMidsize nSmall
100%
Sales Fraction
80% --
60% --
100%
Sales Fraction
20%
1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Model Year
Figure 45
80%
60%
A HO/ [H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^Hii-]\ j
*fU /O ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^K^^^I
20%
1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Model Year
Figure 46
45 D
-------
Van Sales Fraction by Vehicle Size
(Three Year Moving Average)
SUV Sales Fraction by Vehicle Size
(Three Year Moving Average)
I Large dMidsize dSmall
Sales Fraction
100% -1=5
QfiO/ [H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^HiiH^H^H^H^H^H^H^Hi
OU /O ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^'^K'^'^K'^i
60%
40%
20%
1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Model Year
I Large OMidsize nSmall
100%
Sales Fraction
80%
60%
A HO/ iHiiHilHiiHiiHiiHiiHiiHiiHiiHiiHilHii^
4U /o - WM^M^M^M^M^M^M^M^M^M^M^M^M^i
Figure 47
20%
1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Model Year
Figure 48
Pickup Sales Fraction by Vehicle Size
(Three Year Moving Average)
• Large DMidsize DSmall
100%
80%
60%
Sales Fraction
40%
20%
1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Model Year
Figure 49
46 D
-------
Table 13
Sales Fractions of MY1975, MY1987 and MY2005
Light-Duty Vehicles by Vehicle Size and Type
Differences in Sales Fraction
Vehicle
Type
Car
Wagon
Van
SUV
Pickup
Sales Fraction
Size
Small
Midsize
Large
All
Small
Midsize
Large
All
Small
Midsize
Large
All
Small
Midsize
Large
All
Small
Midsize
Large
1975
40
16
15
71
4
2
1
9
0
3
1
4
0
1
0
1
1
0
11
.0%
.0%
.2%
.1%
.7%
.8%
.9%
.4%
.0%
. 0%
.5%
.5%
.5%
.2%
.1%
.8%
.6%
.5%
.0%
1987
43
15
8
66
2
2
0
5
0
5
0
7
1
3
0
5
3
7
4
.4%
.2%
.2%
.8%
.4%
.4%
.6%
.4%
.8%
.7%
.9%
.5%
.7%
.8%
.4%
.9%
.0%
.1%
.4%
2005
20
17
8
45
2
1
0
4
0
8
0
9
1
12
12
25
0
1
12
.2%
.0%
.7%
.9%
.0%
. 9%
.5%
.3%
.0%
. 9%
.6%
.5%
.0%
.6%
.3%
.9%
.1%
. 9%
.4%
From
To
-19
1
-6
-25
-2
-0
-1
-5
0
6
-0
5
0
11
12
24
-1
1
1
1975
2005
.8%
.1%
.5%
.3%
.7%
. 9%
.5%
.1%
.0%
. 0%
.9%
.0%
.5%
.4%
.2%
.1%
.5%
.4%
.4%
From
To
3
-0
-7
-4
-2
-0
-1
-4
0
2
-0
3
1
2
0
4
1
6
-6
1975
1987
.4%
.8%
.0%
.4%
.2%
.4%
.3%
.0%
.8%
.8%
.6%
.0%
.2%
.6%
.3%
.0%
.4%
.5%
.6%
From
To
-23
1
0
-20
-0
-0
-0
-1
-0
3
-0
2
-0
8
11
20
-2
-5
8
19
200
.2%
.9%
.5%
.9%
.5%
.5%
.1%
.1%
.8%
.2%
.4%
.0%
.7%
.8%
.9%
.0%
.9%
.2%
.0%
All
13 .1%
14.4% 14.4%
1.2%
1.3%
-0.1%
All
Trucks
19.4%
27 .1
49.1
30 .3%
22.i
47 D
-------
Figures 50 through 54 show trends in performance, weight, and adjusted fuel economy
for cars, wagons, vans, SUVs, and pickups. For all five vehicle types, there has been for the past
decade an a half a clear trend towards increased weight with average weight for all three types of
trucks higher now, than in 1975. You have to go back to 1978 to find a heavier car or wagon
fleet. On the average 2005 cars, wagons, vans, SUVs, and pickups are as powerful and fast as
they have ever been. Their respective Ton-mpg values are also the highest ever. Figure 55
shows the five classes compared on a Ton-mpg basis. In this measure of efficiency, vans lead,
cars and wagons are about the same and better than SUVs which are like pickups.
Table 14 shows the lowest, average, and highest adjusted mpg performance in the five
classes for the three selected years. Improvements in nearly every class are seen from 1975 to
1987. For 2005, the mpg performance is such that the large vehicles in some categories have
better fuel economy than the corresponding entry for small vehicles in 1975. In Table 15, the
percentage changes obtainable from the entries in Table 14 are presented. Average mpg for
midsize cars and midsize wagons have improved over 90 percent since 1975. Overall, the
across-the-board improvements in mpg seen in Table 14 are reproduced here.
Fuel Economy and Performance
(Three Year Moving Average)
Cars
35
MPG, 0 to 60 (sec.)
Inertia Weight (Ibs.)
30 -
25
20
15
10
Adjusted MPG
5000
4500
4000
j- 3500
Weight
0 to 60 Time
3000
2500
2000
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Model Year
Figure 50
Fuel Economy and Performance
(Three Year Moving Average)
Wagons
MPG, 0 to 60 (sec.)
Inertia Weight (Ibs.)
20
15 -*fc
10
5000
4500
4000
-3500
3000
2500
2000
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Model Year
Figure 51
48 D
-------
Fuel Economy and Performancen
(Three Year Moving Average)n
Vansn
MPG, 0 to 60 (sec.) Inertia Weight (Ibs.)
2000
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Model Year
Figure 52
Fuel Economy and Performancen
(Three Year Moving Average)n
SUVsn
sooo n
4500
4000
3500 20
MPG, 0 to 60 (sec.) Inertia Weight (Ibs.)
3000 15 ,
2500 10
5000 D
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Model Year
Figure 53
Fuel Economy and Performancen
(Three Year Moving Average)n
Pickupsn
MPG, 0 to 60 (sec.) Inertia Weight (Ibs.)
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
10
2000
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Model Year
Figure 54
49 D
-------
Table 14
Lowest, Average and Highest Adjusted Fuel Economy
by Vehicle Type and Size
Vehicle
Type
Car
Wagon
Van
SUV
Pickup
All
Size
Small
Midsize
Large
All
Small
Midsize
Large
All
Small
Midsize
Large
All
Small
Midsize
Large
All
Small
Midsize
Large
All
Cars
All Trucks
All Vehicles
Low.
8 ,
8 ,
8 ,
8 ,
11.
8 ,
8 ,
8 ,
16 ,
8 ,
8 ,
8 ,
10 ,
8 ,
7 ,
7 ,
13 ,
17 ,
7 ,
7 ,
8 ,
7 ,
7 ,
.6
.6
.4
.4
.8
.4
.4
,4
.2
.2
.9
.2
.2
.2
. 9
.9
. 0
.8
.6
.6
.4
.6
.6
1975
Avg.
15,
11,
11.
13,
19,
11,
10,
13,
17 ,
11,
10,
11,
13 ,
10,
10 ,
11,
19,
17,
11,
11,
13 ,
11,
13,
.6
.6
.2
.4
. 1
.3
.2
,8
.5
.3
.7
.1
.7
.2
.3
.0
.2
.9
. 1
.9
.5
.6
.1
High.
28
18
14
28
24
25
12
25
18
18
14
18
16
18
13
18
20
18
18
20
28
20
28
.3
.4
.6
.3
.1
.0
.8
.0
.5
.4
.5
.5
.3
.4
.7
.4
.8
.0
.5
.8
.3
.8
.3
Low.
7
9
8
7
16
19
18
16
14
11
10
10
16
10
12
10
12
14
11
11
7
10
7
.5
.1
.8
.5
.7
.1
.7
.7
.9
.0
.2
.2
.7
.1
.4
.1
.8
.4
.0
.0
.5
.1
.5
1987
Avg.
25
22
20
24
26
21
19
23
20
18
14
17
20
16
14
17
22
21
15
19
24
18
22
.6
.2
.4
.0
.2
.9
.0
.2
.7
.1
.5
.8
.6
.9
.5
.6
.1
.6
.1
.2
. 0
.4
.1
High.
55
27
23
55
33
27
19
33
26
26
17
26
28
28
19
28
27
36
20
36
55
36
55
.6
.3
.6
.6
. 0
.3
.1
.0
. 1
.2
.6
.2
. 1
.7
.5
.7
. 9
.4
.5
.4
.6
.4
.6
Low.
10.
11.
11.
10.
17.
16.
18.
16.
* * *
15.
14.
14.
15.
13 .
12 .
12 .
17.
16.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
6
8
8
6
2
7
6
7
*
0
4
4
6
5
8
8
7
9
1
1
6
1
1
2005
Avg
26.
24.
22.
24.
26 .
22.
19.
23.
* * *
20.
16.
20.
21.
19.
16 .
18.
21.
20.
16 .
17.
24 .
18.
21.
•
4
8
0
8
3
7
1
7
*
7
3
4
3
4
8
1
2
0
7
1
7
2
0
High.
63 .0
55.3
26.0
63 .0
40 .5
30.9
20.2
40.5
* * * *
22 .7
17.8
22 .7
26.3
33 .3
21.4
33 .3
23.8
25.7
23.3
25.7
63 .0
33 .3
63 .0
son
-------
Table 15
Percent Change in Lowest, Average and Highest
Adjusted Fuel Economy by Vehicle Type and Size
Vehicle
Type
Car
Wagon
Van
SUV
Pickup
Size
Small
Midsize
Large
All
Small
Midsize
Large
All
Small
Midsize
Large
All
Small
Midsize
Large
All
Small
Midsize
Large
All
From
Low.
23%
37%
40%
26%
46%
99%
121%
99%
* * *
83%
62%
76%
53%
65%
62%
62%
36%
-4%
33%
33%
1975 to
Avg.
69%
114%
96%
85%
38%
101%
87%
72%
* * *
83%
52%
84%
55%
90%
63%
65%
10%
12%
50%
44%
2005
High.
123%
201%
78%
123%
68%
24%
58%
62%
* * *
23%
23%
23%
61%
81%
56%
81%
14%
43%
26%
24%
From
Low.
-12%
6%
5%
-10%
42%
127%
123%
99%
-7%
34%
15%
24%
64%
23%
57%
28%
-1%
-18%
45%
45%
1975 to
Avg.
64%
91%
82%
79%
37%
94%
86%
68%
18%
60%
36%
60%
50%
66%
41%
60%
15%
21%
36%
61%
1987
High.
96%
48%
62%
96%
37%
9%
49%
32%
41%
42%
21%
42%
72%
56%
42%
56%
34%
102%
11%
75%
From
Low.
41%
30%
34%
41%
3%
-12%
0%
0%
* * *
36%
41%
41%
-6%
34%
3%
27%
38%
17%
-7%
-7%
1987 to
Avg.
3%
12%
8%
3%
0%
4%
1%
2%
* * *
14%
12%
15%
3%
15%
16%
3%
-3%
-6%
11%
-10%
2005
High
13%
103%
10%
13%
23%
13%
6%
23%
* * * *
-12%
1%
-12%
-5%
16%
10%
16%
-14%
-28%
14%
-28%
All
Cars
26%
83%
123%
-10%
78%
41%
3%
13%
All
Trucks
33%
57%
33%
59%
75%
All
Vehicles 33%
60%
123%
0%
69%
96%
35%
-4%
13%
51D
-------
Ton-MPG by Model Year
Three Year Moving Average
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
Ton-MPG
-KCar
^Wagon
Pickup
1975 1980
Figure 55
1985 1990 1995
Model Year
2000
2005
Figures 56 through 60 provide an indication of the market share of different weight
vehicles within the different classes. Trends within classes are shown which underlie the
increasing weight shown by the classes as a whole. In 1975 over half of the combined car and
truck fleet consisted of cars with an inertia weight of 4,000 Ib or more compared to about 10
percent this year. Conversely, the market share of trucks in the inertia weight classes of 4,000 Ib
or more have increased substantially and these vehicles to about 45 percent compared to about 15
percent in 1975. Figures 58, 59, and 60 provide additional details of the truck data presented in
Figure 57 for vans, SUVs and pickups respectively. Appendixes E, F and G contain a series of
tables describing light-duty vehicles at the vehicle size/type level of stratification in more detail
and Appendix H provides similar data by vehicle type and inertia weight class.
52D
-------
Car Market Share by Inertia Weight Class
(Three Year Moving Average)
Market Share (%)
100%
75% -
50% -
25% -
1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004D
Model Year
Figure 56D
Truck Market Share by Inertia Weight Class
(Three Year Moving Average)
100%
Market Share (%)
75% -
50% -
25% -
o%a
3500 >
<3500
1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004D
Model Year
Figure 57D
53 D
-------
Van Market Share by Inertia Weight Class
(Three Year Moving Average)
30%
Market Share (%)
25% -
20%
15% -
10%
<3500
3500
5% -
1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Model Year
Figure 58
SUV Market Share by Inertia Weight Class
(Three Year Moving Average)
30%
Market Share
25% -
20% -
15% -
10% -
1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Model Year
Figure 59
Pickup Market Share by Inertia Weight Class
(Three Year Moving Average)
30%
Market Share (%)
25% -
20%
15%
10%
1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Model Year
Figure 60
54D
-------
VI. Marketing Groups
In its century of evolution, the automotive industry existed first as small, individual
companies that relatively quickly went out of business or grew into larger corporations. In that
context, the historic term 'manufacturer' usually meant a corporation that was associated with a
single country that manufactured vehicles for sale in just that country and perhaps exported
vehicles to a few other countries, too. Over the years, the nature of the automotive industry has
changed substantially, and it has evolved into one in which global consolidations and alliances
among heretofore independent manufacturers have become the norm, rather than the exception.
The reports in this series include analyses of fuel economy trends in terms of the whole
fleet of cars and light trucks and in various subcategories of interest, e.g., by weight class, by size
class, etc. In addition, there has been a treatment of trends by groups of manufacturers. Initially,
these groups were derived from the "Domestic" and "Import" categories which are part of the
automobile fuel economy standards categories. This classification approach evolved into a
market segment approach in which cars were apportioned to a "Domestic," "European," and
"Asian" category, with trucks classified as "Domestic" or "Imported." As the automotive
industry has became more transnational in nature, this type of vehicle classification became less
useful. In this report, trends by groups of manufacturers are now used to reflect the transnational
and transregional nature of the automobile industry. To reflect the transition to an industry in
which there are only a small number of independent companies, the fleet has been divided into
eight major marketing group segments, and an ninth catch-all group ("Others") that contains
independent manufacturers not assigned to one of the eight major marketing groups.
These eight major marketing groups are:
1) The General Motors Group includes: GM, Opel, Saab, Isuzu, Fiat, Subaru, Suzuki
and Daewoo;
2) The Ford Motor Group includes: Ford, Jaguar, Volvo, Land Rover, Aston Martin,
and Mazda;
3) The DaimlerChrysler Group includes Chrysler, Mercedes Benz and Mitsubishi;
4) The Toyota Group includes Toyota, Scion and Lexus;
5) The Honda Group includes Honda and Acura;
6) The Nissan Group includes Nissan and Infiniti;
7) The Hyundai-Kia (HK) Group includes Hyundai and Kia; and
8) The VW Group includes Volkswagen, Audi, SEAT, Skoda and Bentley.
55D
-------
Taken together, the eight major marketing groups comprise 98 percent of the MY2005 new
vehicle market in the U.S. It is expected that these marketing groups will continue and perhaps
expand as further consolidations in the automotive industry occur.
Table 16 compares laboratory fuel economy values for the marketing groups described
above for model year 2005 with the overall fleet average. For each marketing group, the table
also shows the effect of adding each of the manufacturers in that group. For example, if just GM
cars were considered, the GM group would have an average laboratory car fuel economy of 28.8
mpg, adding cars manufactured by Subaru lowers this value by a tenth of an mpg, adding Suzuki
and Saab doesn't change GM's average fuel economy for cars, but including Daewoo increases it
to 28.9 mpg.
The GM, Ford, and DC Groups are all at or above the fleet average in percent truck and
below the overall fleet average in combined car and truck fuel economy, but the remaining
groups are all below the fleet average in percent truck and are above the overall fleet average in
mpg. Table 17 presents similar data to that in Table 16, except this table uses adjusted fuel
economy values.
A more detailed comparison of model year 2005 laboratory fuel economy, by vehicle type
and size, is presented in Table 18. Stratifying by just marketing group and vehicle type for
MY2005, the Honda Marketing Group achieves the highest fuel economy for cars, vans and
SUVs and the Toyota Marketing Group for wagons and pickups. Table 19 is a companion table
to Table 18, but like Table 17 uses adjusted mpg data. When vehicle size is also taken into
consideration, the GM group achieves the highest fuel economy in five of the 13 vehicle types
and size classes for which they manufacturer vehicles and ties Ford in Midsize Wagons; Toyota
leads in four classes, Honda in two, and Nissan and Daimler Chrysler lead one class each.
Figures 61 through 68 compare model year 1975 to 2005 percent truck, laboratory 55/45
fuel economy for cars, trucks, and both cars and trucks for the GM, Ford, DaimlerChrysler,
Toyota, Honda, Hyundai-Kia, Nissan, and VW marketing groups, respectively. For all eight of
these marketing groups, combined car and truck fuel economy is lower now than it was in 1987
Because the absolute values of fuel economy differ somewhat across the marketing groups, a
separate presentation of the fuel economy trends was prepared by normalizing the fuel economy
for each Group by the fuel economy in 1987, the year in which fuel economy for the fleet as a
whole was the highest. In this way, a relative measure of how each group, compared to its own
value in 1987, can be seen. The results are shown in Figures 69 through 76.
All the marketing groups have lower absolute fuel economy now than they did in 1987.
The declines are very similar, except for the VW Group which has not declined as much, due at
least in part to the fact their truck share shown on Figure 68 has remained very low. More
information stratified by marketing group can be found in the Appendixes M through Q.
56D
-------
Table 16
Model Year 2005 Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group
Group
Group Member Added
GM GM
Above plus Subaru
Above plus Isuzu
Above plus Suzuki
Above plus Saab
Above plus Daewoo
Entire GM Group
<-- FUEL ECONOMY -->
Cars Trucks Both
28 . 9
21.0
24.0
Percent
Truck
28 .8
28.7
28 .7
28.7
28 .7
28 . 9
20.8
20 .9
20.9
21.0
21.0
21.0
23 .6
23 .7
23 .7
23 .7
23 .8
24.0
58%
56%
57%
57%
56%
54%
54%
Ford Ford
Above plus Mazda
Above plus Volvo
Above plus Jaguar
Above plus Land Rover
Above plus Ast. Mart.
Entire Ford Group
26.8
27 . 1
27 .1
26 . 9
26 . 9
26 . 9
26.9
20 .2
20.3
20 .4
20.4
20.3
20.3
20 .3
22 .4
22 .8
22 .9
22 . 9
22 .8
22 .8
60%
57%
56%
54%
55%
55%
55%
DC Chrysler
Above plus Mitsubishi
Above plus Mercedes
Entire DC Group
26 .5
26 . 9
26 .6
26 .6
21.1
21.3
21.2
21.2
22 .8
23 .1
23 .2
23 .2
64%
61%
58%
58%
Toyota Toyota
33 .1
22 . 9
27 .5
45%
Honda
Honda
33 .1
29.3
38%
Nissan Nissan
29.2 21.0 25 .4
HK Hyundai
Above plus Kia
29.7 24.8 27.5
29.8 22.9 26.1
40%
46%
VW VW
Above plus Bentley
28.6 19.5 27.5
28.4 19.5 27.3
9%
Others
26.1 20.9 24.3
30%
All
Fleet Average
28.9 21.3 24 .(
50%
57D
-------
Table 17
Model Year 2005 Adjusted 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group
Group
Group Member Added
GM GM
Above plus Subaru
Above plus Isuzu
Above plus Suzuki
Above plus Saab
Above plus Daewoo
Entire GM Group
<-- FUEL ECONOMY -->
Cars Trucks Both
24.7
24.6
24.6
24 .6
24.6
24 .8
17 .8
17 .9
17 .9
17 . 9
17 .9
17 . 9
17 .9
20 .2
20
20
20
20
20
20 .5
Percent
Truck
58%
56%
57%
57%
56%
54%
54%
Ford Ford
Above plus Mazda
Above plus Volvo
Above plus Jaguar
Above plus Land Rover
Above plus Ast. Mart.
Entire Ford Group
22 .9
23 .1
23 .1
23
23
23
23 .0
17 .2
17 .4
17 .4
17 .4
17 .3
17 .3
17 .3
19.1
19.5
19.5
19.6
19.5
19.5
19.5
60%
57%
56%
54%
55%
55%
55%
DC Chrysler
Above plus Mitsubishi
Above plus Mercedes
Entire DC Group
22 .6 18.1 19.5
23.0 18 .2 19.8
22 .7 18.1 19.8
22 .7
18.1
64%
61%
58%
58%
Toyota Toyota
28.3
19.5
23 .5
45%
Honda
Honda
28 .3
21.1
25 .1
38%
Nissan Nissan
24.9 18.0 21.7
HK Hyundai
Above plus Kia
25 .4 21.2 23.5
25.4 19.5 22.3
40%
46%
VW VW
Above plus Bentley
24.5 16.7 23.5
24.5 16.7 23.5
Others
22.3 17.8 20.8
30%
All
Fleet Average
24.7 18.2 21.0
50%
58D
-------
Table 18
Model Year 2005 Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group
VEHICLE
TYPE/SIZI
Cars
Small
Midsize
Large
All
Wagons
Qrn-, "1 "1
o[ILcL X X
Midsize
Large
All
/\X X
Cars and
Small
Midsize
Large
All
Vans
Midsize
T
j_iar ge
All
SUVs
Cm-3 1 1
oUld X X
Midsize
Large
All
Pic kup s
Cm-3 1 1
oUld X X
Midsize
Large
ai 1
riX X
Fleet
All
Z G
31
27
27
28
9 7
Z /
9 Q
z y
Wago
31
27
27
28
22
1 Q
x y
21
9 7
Z /
24
20
21
9 £
Z O
9 A
Z ^±:
9 n
z u
20
24
M
. 3
. 8
. 0
. 9
7
. /
ns
.4
. 8
. 0
. 9
. 9
~
'
. 9
C
. D
. 8
. 2
. 0
7
. /
. 0
Fo
28
26
25
26
9 ft
Z O
9 7
Z /
9 7
Z /
28
26
25
26
24
1 o
X O
23
20
18
20
9 9
Z Z
1 o
X O
1 q
x y
22
rd
. 8
.4
. 1
. 9
9
. Z
. 8
. 8
. 1
. 9
. 1
7
. /
.5
. 9
. 6
. 0
7
. /
7
. /
. 8
DC Toyota Honda Nissan HK VW Others
28.2 34.7 38.3 29.2 31.4 29.0 26.6
27.9 31.8 30.1 29.1 29.6 27.4 25.4
24.5 23.8 23.1 21.6 23.4
27.1 32.9 33.1 29.2 29.8 28.4 26.1
9 R 9 971
Z 3> . ^ ____ ____ ____ ____ Z/.X ____
99 ^
Z Z . -j ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
95
28.1 34.9 38.3 29.2 31.4 29.1 26.6
27.1 31.8 30.1 29.1 29.6 27.3 25.4
23.9 23.8 23.1 21.6 23.4
26.6 33.1 33.1 29.2 29.8 28.4 26.1
24.7 25.0 25.7 24.8 21.3
24.7 25.0 25.7 24.8 21.3
1 ft 7 9 Q c;
xo./ zy.D — — — — — — — — —
21.8 23.3 24.4 25.7 23.4 22.0
18.2 18.7 20.1 19.5 20.0
20.5 23.0 24.4 21.2 23.4 19.5 20.9
99 A.
— ZZ.^i — — — — —
1 ft 7 9 1 £ 1 ft 7
XO./ ZX.o — — XO./ — ~ ~
1 ft 7 9~l£ 1 ft 7
XO./ ZX.D ~ ~ XO./ ~ ~ ~
23.2 27.5 29.3 25.4 26.1 27.3 24.3
AI:
30
29
25
29
"3_ pi
J U .
9 c
Z D .
9 9
Z Z .
9 7
Z / .
30
28
25
28
24
1 Q
x y .
23
9 R
Z D .
22
19
21
9 A
Z L± .
9 "3,
Z o .
1 Q
x y .
9 pi
z u .
24
L
. 9
.0
. 7
.1
c
. D
'
. 9
. 7
.5
. 9
.2
. 8
. 7
. 7
.2
c
. D
. 6
59D
-------
Table 19
Model Year 2005 Adjusted 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group
VEHICLE
TYPE/SIZI
Cars
Small
Midsize
Large
All
Wagons
Small
Midsize
T
jjar ge
All
Cars and
Small
Midsize
Large
All
Vans
Orn-q ~] ~]
OLLLcL -L -L
Midsize
T
j_icL i. y e
All
SUVs
Midsize
Large
All
Pickups
Orn-q "1 ~]
OLLLcL J. J.
Midsize
Large
ATT
D G
26
23
23
24
27
23
25
Wago
26
23
23
24
19
1 £
X O
18
9 "3,
Z J1
21
17
17
9 9
z z
1 V
_L /
1 "7
M
. 8
. 8
. 2
. 7
.4
.4
.4
ns
. 8
. 8
. 2
. 8
. 6
. 7
. 1
. 3
. 9
7
. /
C
Ford DC Toyota Honda Nissan HK VW Others
24. 6 24. 1 29.6 32.6 24. 9 26.8 24. 8 22.8
22. 6 23.9 27.2 25.8 24. 9 25.3 23. 5 21.8
21.5 21.0 20.4 19.8 18.5 20.1
23. 0 23.2 28.1 28.3 24. 9 25.4 24. 3 22.3
24. 1 23.5 30.9 26.6 22.1
23. 4 21.6 23. 2
19 1
23.5 21.6 30.9 24.4 22.1
24.6 24.0 29.8 32.6 24.9 26.8 24.9 22.8
22.9 23.1 27.2 25.8 24.9 25.3 23.4 21.8
21.5 20.5 20.4 19.8 18.5 20.1
23.0 22.7 28.3 28.3 24.9 25.4 24.3 22.3
20.6 21.1 21.4 22.0 21.2 18.2
-i c pi
X o . U — — — — — —
20.0 21.1 21.4 22.0 21.2 18.2
IRQ 9 R 1
17.9 18.6 19.8 20.8 21.9 20.0 18.8
15.9 15.5 16.0 17.2 16.7 17.1
17.0 17.5 19.6 20.8 18.1 20.0 16.7 17.8
1 Q 1
1 Q A.
1/7-1 ~i c n i Q A ~i c n
X O . X Xo.U XO.^i — — Xo.U — — —
ICQ i c n IQ/I i c n
All
26 .
24.
22 .
24.
26 .
22 .
1 Q
x y .
23 .
26 .
24.
21 .
24.
20.
1 C
X o .
20.
9 1
Z X .
19.
16 .
18.
9 1
Z. X
9 0
£M U
1 C
X o
i n
4
8
0
8
3
7
7
4
6
8
7
7
"3
O
4
"3
•J
4
8
1
9
. z
7
. /
1
Fleet
All 20.5 19.5 19.8 23.5 25.1 21.7 22.3 23.4 20.8 21.0
60 D
-------
GM Marketing Group
Fuel Economy by Model Year
(Three Year Moving Average)
Laboratory 55/45 MPG
Percent Truck
-100%
- 50%
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Model Year
Figure 61
Ford Marketing Group
Fuel Economy by Model Yearn
(Three Year Moving Average)n
40
Laboratory 55/45 MPG
35-
30-
25-
20-
15-
10
Cars
I .... I .... I
Percent Truck
Percent Truck
-100%
- 50%
0%
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Model Year
Figure 62
DaimlerChrysler Marketing Group
Fuel Economy by Model Year
(Three Year Moving Average)
Laboratory 55/45 MPG
Percent Truck
-100%
- 50%
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Model Year
Toyota Marketing Group
Fuel Economy by Model Year
(Three Year Moving Average)
40
Laboratory 55/45 MPG
Percent Truck
35-
30-
25-
20-
15-
Percent Truck
« «« «-*-»"
-100%
- 50%
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Model Year
Figure 63
Figure 64
61 D
-------
Honda Marketing Group
Fuel Economy by Model Year
(Three Year Moving Average)
40
Laboratory 55/45 MPG
Percent Truck
35-
30-
25-
20-
15-
10
Both
Trucks,
Percent Truck
-100%
- 50%
0%
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Model Year
Figure 65
Nissan Marketing Group
Fuel Economy by Model Year
(Three Year Moving Average)
40
Laboratory 55/45 MPG
Percent Truck
35-
30-
25-
20-
15-
Trucks
Cars
Percent Truck
-100%
- 50%
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Model Year
Figure 66
Hyundai-Kia Marketing Group
Fuel Economy by Model Year
(Three Year Moving Average)
40
Laboratory 55/45 MPG
Percent Truck
35-
30-
25-
20-
15-
10
Both
Cars
Trucks -
Percent Truck
• 100%
- 50%
0%
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Model Year
Figure 67
VW Marketing Group
Fuel Economy by Model Year
(Three Year Moving Average)
40
Laboratory 55/45 MPG
Percent Truck
35-
30-
25-
20-
15-
Cars
Both
Trucks
Percent Truck
-100%
- 50%
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Model Year
Figure 68
62 D
-------
1.25
Normalized Fuel Economy
GM Marketing Group
Three Year Moving Averagen
(Both Cars and Trucks)
Normalized Fuel Economy (1987 = 1.00)
1.00
0.75
0.50 B
7
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005D
Model YearD
Figure 69D
Normalized Fuel Economy
Ford Marketing Group
(Three Year Moving Average)
Both Cars and Trucks
Normalized Fuel Economy (1987 = 1.00)
0.75
0.50 a
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005D
Model YearD
Figure 70D
Normalized Fuel Economy
DC Marketing Group
(Three Year Moving Average)n
Both Cars and Trucks
Normalized Fuel Economy
Toyota Marketing Group
(Three Year Moving Average)
Both Cars and Trucks
Normalized Fuel Economy (1987 = 1.00)
1.00
0.75
Normalized Fuel Economy (1987 = 1.00)
0.50 B
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005D
Model YearD
Figure 71D
0.75
0.50 a
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005D
Model YearD
Figure 72D
63 D
-------
1.25
Normalized Fuel Economy
Honda Marketing Group
(Three Year Moving Average)
(Both Cars and Trucks)
Normalized Fuel Economy (1987 = 1)
1.00
0.75
Honda
—All
0.50B
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005D
Model YearD
Figure 73D
Normalized Fuel Economy
Nissan Marketing Group
Three Year Moving Average
(Both Cars and Trucks)
Normalized Fuel Economy (1987 = 1.00)
0.75
0.50 a
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005D
Model YearD
Figure 74D
1.25
Normalized Fuel Economy
Hyundai Kia Group
(Three Year Moving Average)n
Both Cars and Trucks n
Normalized Fuel Economy (1987=1)
1.00
0.75
0.500
1975 1980
Figure 75D
1985 1990 1995
Model YearD
2000 2005D
1.25
Normalized Fuel Economy
VW Marketing Group n
(Three Year Moving Average)n
Both Cars and Trucks
Normalized Fuel Economy (1987 = 1)
1.00
0.75
0.503
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005D
Model YearD
Figure 76D
64 D
-------
VTI. Characteristics of Fleets Comprised of Existing Fuel-Efficient Vehicles
This section is limited to a discussion of hypothetical fleets of vehicles comprised of fuel-
efficient vehicles and the fuel economy and other characteristics of those fleets. This section
includes a discussion of some of the technical and engineering factors that affect fleet fuel
economy. It does not attempt to evaluate either the benefits or the costs of achieving various fuel
economy levels. In addition, the analysis presented here also does not attempt to evaluate the
marketability or the public acceptance of any of the hypothetical fleets that result from the
scenarios studied and discussed below.
There are several different ways to look at the potential for improved fuel economy from
the light-duty vehicle fleet. Many of these approaches utilize projections of more fuel efficient
technologies that are not in the fleet today. As an example, a fleet made up of a large fraction of
fuel cell vehicles could be considered. Such projections can be associated with a good deal of
uncertainty, since uncertainty in the projections of market share compound with uncertainties
about the fuel economy performance of yet uncommercialized technology. These uncertainties
can be thought of as a combination of technical risk, i.e., can the technology be developed and
mass produced?, and market risk, i.e., will people buy vehicles with the improved fuel economy?
One general approach used in this report is to consider only the fuel economy
performance of those technologies which exist in today's fleet. This eliminates uncertainty about
the feasibility and production readiness of the technology and reduces or eliminates the technical
risk but does not treat market risk, as mentioned above. Therefore, the analysis can be thought of
as the fuel economy potential now in the fleet, with no new technologies added, if the higher mpg
choices available were to be selected.
As was shown in Figures 7 and 8, there is a wide distribution of fuel economy. Because
of the interest in the high end of this spectrum, this portion of the database was examined in more
detail using a "best in class" (BIC) analysis technique. This technique is not new, and in fact was
one of the methods used to investigate future fleet fuel economy capability when the original fuel
economy standards were set.
In any group or class of vehicles there will be a distribution of fuel economy performance,
and the "best in class" method relies on that fact. The analysis involves dividing the fleet of
vehicles into classes, selecting a set of representative high mpg "role model" vehicles from each
class, and then calculating the average characteristics of the resultant fleet using the same relative
sales proportions as in the baseline fleet.
One potential problem with a BIC analysis is that the high mpg cars used in the analysis
may be unusual in some way — so unusual that the hypothetical fleet made up of them may be
deficient in some other attributes considered desirable by vehicle buyers. Because the BIC
analysis is also sensitive to the selection of the best vehicles, three different procedures were
used to select the role models.
65 D
-------
Two of these selection procedures use the EPA car size classes (which for cars are the
same as those used for the EPA/DOE Fuel Economy Guide) and the truck type/size classes
described previously in this report. Note that this classification system includes nine car and nine
truck classes and for this model year one of these eighteen classes is not represented (Small
Vans). The third best-in-class role model selection procedure is based on using the vehicle
inertia weight classes used for EPA's vehicle testing and certification process.
The advantage of using and analyzing data from the best-in-size class methods is that if
the sales proportions of each class are held constant, the sales distribution of the resultant fleet by
vehicle type and size does not change. This means that the size of the average vehicle does not
change a lot, but there can be some fluctuation in interior volume for cars because of the
distribution of interior volume within a car class. Similarly, there also is an advantage in using
the inertia weight classes to determine the role models, since, if the sales proportions in each
inertia weight class are held constant, the sales distribution of the resultant fleet by weight does
not change, and in this case, the average weight remains the same.
One way of performing a best-in-class (BIC) analysis is to use as role models the four
nameplates with the highest fuel economy in each size class. (See Tables R-l and R-2 in
Appendix R.) Under this procedure, all vehicles in a class with the same nameplate are included
as role models regardless of vehicle configuration. Each role model nameplate from each class
was assigned the same sales weighting factor, but the original sales weighting distribution for
different vehicle configurations within a given nameplate (e.g., transmission type, engine size,
and/or drive type) was retained. The resulting values were used to recalculate the fleet average
values using the same relative proportions in each of the size classes that constitute the fleet. In
cases where two identical vehicles differ by only one characteristic but have slightly different
nameplates (such as the two-wheel drive Chevrolet C1500 and the four-wheel drive Chevrolet
K1500 pickups), both are considered to have the same nameplate, and their average fuel
economy was calculated before determining if they should serve as role models in the BIC
analysis. Conversely, in the cases where there are technically identical vehicles with different
nameplates (e.g., the Buick LeSabre and Pontiac Bonneville sedans), only one representative
vehicle nameplate was considered in the BIC analysis.
The second best-in-class role model selection procedure involves selecting as role models
the best dozen vehicles in each size class with each vehicle configuration considered separately.
Tables R-3 and R-4 in Appendix R give listings of the representative vehicles used in this
method. As with the previous procedure, in cases where technically identical vehicle
configurations have different nameplates, only one representative vehicle was considered. Under
this best-in-class method, the sales data for each role model vehicle in each class was assigned
the same value, and the resulting values were used to re-calculate the fleet values again using the
same relative proportions in each of the size classes that constitute the fleet.
66 D
-------
The third best-in-class procedure involves selecting as role models the best dozen
vehicles in each weight class. As with the previous method, each vehicle configuration was
considered separately. (See Tables R-5 and R-6 in Appendix R for a listing of the vehicles used
in this analysis.) It should be noted that some of the weight classes have less than a dozen
representative vehicles. In addition, as in the previous two best-in-class methods, where
technically identical vehicle configurations with different nameplates are used, only one
representative vehicle was included. As with the two best-in-size class methods, the sales data
for each role model vehicle in each class was assigned the same value, and the resulting values
were used to recalculate the fleet values again using the same relative proportions in each of the
size classes that constitute the fleet.
Tables 20 to 22 compare, for cars, trucks, and both cars and trucks, respectively, the
results of the best-in-class analysis with actual average data for model year 2005. As discussed
earlier, for the size class scenarios, the percentage of vehicles that are small, midsize, or large are
the same as for the baseline fleet, and in the weight class scenarios, the average weight of the
BIC data sets is the same as the actual one. Average interior volume for cars in the BIC weight
class analysis is within about one percent of the actual average (i.e., 111 vs 112 cu. ft.). The
slight difference in interior volume between the size class scenarios and the actual vehicle fleet
can be attributed to the fact that, within a size class, there is considerable variation in interior
volume (i.e., not all vehicles in each size class have exactly the same interior volume).
Under all of the best-in-class (BIC) scenarios, the vehicles used for the BIC analysis have
less powerful engines, have slower O-to-60 acceleration times, and are more likely to be equipped
with manual transmissions than the entire fleet as a whole. For trucks, the BIC data set vehicles
make greater use of front-wheel drive.
For both cars and trucks, the "Best 12 Vehicles" in Size Class scenario results in
significantly higher fuel economy than the actual fleet, but the vehicles in the BIC size set are
lighter than their counterparts from the other scenarios. Depending on the scenario chosen, for
model year 2005, cars could have achieved from 21 to 25 percent better fuel economy than they
did. Similarly, for trucks the fuel economy improvement ranges from 11 to 21 percent better
fuel economy, and the combined car and truck fleet could have been 15 to 21 percent better.
The best-in-class analyses can be thought of as the mpg potential now in the fleet with no
new technologies added if the higher mpg choices available were selected. As such, the best-in-
class analyses provide a useful reference point indicating the variation in fuel economy levels
that results in large part from consumer preferences as opposed to technological availability.
One of the characteristics of the best-in-class analysis is that it typically results in a
hypothetical fleet of vehicles which has characteristics which may not be realistic for the U.S.
market. For example, as a consequence of the methodology, the BIC analysis results in a larger
fraction of manual and CVT transmissions than today's fleet does. This indicates there may be
some potential for CVTs for the U.S. market, where automatic transmissions have dominated for
many years.
67 D
-------
Table 20
Best in Class Results: Model Year 2005 Cars
Vehicle Selection
Characteristic Basis
Actual
Data
Size
Class
Size
Class
Weight
Class
Selection
Criteria
All
Cars
Best 4
Nameplates
Best 12 Best 12
Vehicles Vehicles
Fuel Economy Lab.55/45
Adjusted City
Adjusted Highway
Adjusted 55/45
28 . 9
21.8
29.7
24 .7
36 .3
28 . 0
35 .5
30.9
35 .4
27 . 0
35 .2
30 .2
35.0
26.7
35.1
29.9
Vehicle Size
Weight (Ib.) 3496 3137
Volume (Cu. Ft.) 112 111
3210
110
3496
111
Engine
CID 171 133
HP 187 147
HP/CID 1.114 1.112
HP/Wt .053 .046
Percent Multivalve 79% 79%
Percent Diesel .4% .1%
134
144
1 .088
.045
72%
15 .2%
132
153
1 . 164
.043
72%
24 .5%
Performance
0-60 Time (sec.)
Top Speed (mph)
Ton-MPG
Cu. Ft. MPG
Cu. Ft. Ton-MPG
9 .8
134
43 .6
2822
4886
11.1
124
50 .8
3601
5608
11 . 0
122
50 .1
3450
5498
11.2
122
53 .6
3442
5933
Drive
Front
Rear
Four Wheel
78%
16%
94%
2%
4%
90%
7%
3%
82%
6%
14%
Transmission Lockup
Manual
CVT
83%
13%
64%
20%
16%
56%
35%
10%
54%
38%
Hybrid Vehicle
1%
25%
11%
9%
Percent of Car Fleet Included
100%
20%
24%
20%
68 D
-------
Table 21
Best in Class Results: Model Year 2005 Trucks
Vehicle
Characteristic
Fuel Economy
Vehicle Size
Engine
Performance
Drive
Transmission
Selection
Basis
Selection
Criteria
Lab. 55/45
Adjusted City
Adjusted Highway
Adjusted 55/45
Weight (Ib.)
CID
HP
HP/CID
HP/Wt.
Percent Multivalve
Percent Diesel
0-60 Time (sec . )
Top Speed (mph)
Ton-MPG
Front
Rear
Four Wheel
Lockup
Manual
CVT
Actual
Data
All
Trucks
21 .3
16 .3
21 .3
18 .2
4687
247
237
.973
.050
49%
0%
10 . 0
137
42 .7
24%
29%
47%
94%
4%
2%
Size
Class
Best 4
Nameplates
24 .9
19.3
24 .2
21.2
4153
190
197
1 . 051
.047
75%
0%
10 .6
130
44.6
36%
24%
40%
86%
8%
6%
Size
Class
Best 12
Vehicles
25.7
19 .8
25.3
21.9
3984
175
185
1 . 061
.046
86%
0%
10 .7
128
44.0
46%
29%
25%
64%
27%
9%
Weight
Class
Best 12
Vehicles
23 .6
18 . 1
23 .3
20 .1
4687
216
219
1.031
.046
66%
0%
10 .8
132
47 .3
26%
28%
46%
73%
20%
7%
Percent Hybrid
12 .5%
4 .2%
6 .2%
Percent of Truck Fleet Included
100%
18%
21%
22%
69 D
-------
Table 22
Best in Class Results: Model Year 2005 Light-Duty Vehicles
Vehicle
Characteristic
Fuel Economy
Vehicle Size
Engine
Performance
Drive
Transmission
Selection
Basis
Selection
Criteria
Lab. 55/45
Adjusted City
Adjusted Highway
Adjusted 55/45
Weight (Ib.)
CID
HP
HP/CID
HP/Wt
Percent Multivalve
Percent Diesel
0-60 Time (sec . )
Top Speed
Ton-MPG
Front
Rear
Four Wheel
Lockup
Manual
CVT
Actual
Data
All
Vehicles
24 .6
18 .6
24 .8
21 . 0
4089
209
212
1 .044
.051
64%
.2%
9 . 9
136
43 .2
51%
23%
26%
88%
9%
3%
Size
Class
Best 4
Nameplates
29.5
22 .8
28.8
25 .2
3642
161
172
1.082
. 047
77%
.1%
10 . 9
127
47.7
65%
13%
22%
75%
14%
11%
Size
Class
Best 12
Vehicles
29 .8
22 .8
29.5
25 .4
3595
154
164
1.075
.045
79%
7 .6%
10 . 9
125
47 .1
68%
18%
14%
60%
31%
9%
Weight
Class
Best 1
Vehicl
28.2
21.6
28.0
24 .1
4089
174
186
1.098
. 045
69%
12 .3%
11
127
50.5
54%
16%
30%
63%
29%
8%
Percent Hybrid
.5%
18 .7%
7 .5%
7 .5%
Percent of Fleet Included
100%
19%
23%
21%
70D
-------
Table 23
Laboratory Fuel Economy, Inertia Weight and O-to-60 Time
For Three Model Years
Vehicle Model 55/45 Inertia O-to-60
Type Year MPG Weight Time
Cars 1975 15.8 4057 14.2
1987 28.1 3030 13.0
2005 28.9 3496 9.8
Trucks 1975 13.7 4072 13.6
1987 21.6 3712 13.3
2005 21.3 4687 10.0
Both 1975 15.3 4060 14.1
1987 25.9 3220 13.1
2005 24.6 4089 9.9
Another general approach for determining potential fuel economy improvement is to
study the effects caused by the changes that have occurred in the distributions of vehicle
acceleration times, vehicle size, and vehicle weight and fuel economy. Table 23 compares fuel
economy, weight and estimated O-to-60 time of MY2005 vehicles to that for the averages for two
baseline years 1981 and 1987. The averages in this table represent just characteristics of vehicles
with conventional powertrains, i.e., both hybrids and diesels have been excluded. The
comparisons are made by preserving the average characteristics of vehicles by size, weight, and/
or performance strata in today's fleet but re-mixing the sales distributions to match that of the
baseline year.
Table 24 shows the results of various ways to examine what the fuel economy of the fleet
would be if today's fleet of cars and trucks were "like" those of an earlier year in one or more
respects. In this table, for example, if the MY2005 fleet had cars and trucks with the same
distribution of weight as the MY 1981 did, laboratory 55/45 fuel economy would have been 31.9
mpg for cars and 30.2 mpg for trucks, compared to their actual MY2005 averages of 28.8 and
21.3 mpg, respectively. Under this scenario, the combined car and truck average fuel economy
would have been 31.0 mpg compared to an actual value of 24.5 mpg under the assumption that
the relative percentages of cars and truck in the fleet remained unchanged.
71D
-------
Mixing today's efficiency characteristics with the baseline year's size, weight, and
performance distributions shows an improvement over the 2005 actual values in nearly all cases.
This is evidence that today's vehicles are more efficient, vehicle for vehicle, than they were in
the baseline years — especially evident when the values are compared to the actual values for the
base years, shown as "Ref: 1981 Actuals" and "Ref: 1987 Actuals" in the Table, for which every
re-mixed value shows an improvement.
Figures 77 through 80 provide estimates of what the mpg of the car and truck fleet would
have been each model year if the distribution of weight and acceleration time were the same as in
the base years. A similar comparison on the basis of vehicle size and type is presented in Figures
81 through 84. See Appendix R for additional data for each of the scenarios in Table 24.
Table 24
Effect of Performance, Size, and Weight Distributions on
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy
Scenario
2005 Actual Average
MY2005 Averages
Recalculated using 1981:
Weight Distribution
Size Distribution
0 to 60 Distribution
Laboratory
55/45 Fuel Economy
Cars Trucks Both
28.8 21.3 24.5
31.9
28.4
29.8
30.2
21.2
20.9
31.0
24.3
24 .6
Percent Change from
2005 Actual Averages
Cars Trucks
10 .8%
-1.4%
3 .5%
41.8%
-0.5%
-1.9%
Both
26 .6%
-0 .9%
0 .3%
Weight and 0 to 60
Size and 0 to 60
36 .4
37.1
28 .5
25 .0
32 . 0
29.9
26.4%
28.8%
33 .8%
17.4%
30.5%
22 .0%
Ref. 1981 Actual Av.
25.1
20.1
-12.8%
-5 .6%
0 .4%
MY2005 Averages
Recalculated using 1987:
Weight Distribution
Size Distribution
0 to 60 Distribution
Weight and 0 to 60
Size and 0 to 60
32 . 8
29.2
31.3
34.2
34 . 7
28 .3
22 .9
22 .1
27.3
24 .2
30.4
25.7
25.9
30.4
28.5
13 . 9%
1.4%
8.7%
18.8%
20.5%
32 . 9%
7 .5%
3 .8%
28.2%
13 .6%
24 . 0%
4 .8%
24.0%
16 .5%
Ref. 1987 Actual Avg.
28 . 1
-2 .4%
1 .4%
0 .4%
72 D
-------
40
Effect of Weight and Acceleration
on Car Fuel Economy
Laboratory 55/45 MPG
35H -1
300
250
200
150
10Dl i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010D
Model Year
40
Effect of Weight and Acceleration
on Truck Fuel Economy
Laboratory 55/45 MPG
350
300
250
200
150
Calculated using
1981 Distributions:
1001 i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100
Model Year
Figure 770
Figure 780
40
Effect of Weight and Acceleration
on Car Fuel Economy
Laboratory 55/45 MPG
350
300
250
200
150
ioa
Calculated using:
^1987 Distributions^
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100
Model Year
Figure 790
40
Effect of Weight and Acceleration
on Truck Fuel Economy
Laboratory 55/45 MPG
350
300
250
200
150
ioa
Calculated using:
1987 Distributions
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100
Model Year
Figure 800
73 D
-------
Effect of Vehicle Size, Type & Acceleration
on Car Fuel Economy
40
Laboratory 55/45 MPG
35H
300
250
200
150
Calculated using:
4981J3istributions
10Dl i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010D
Model Year
Effect of Vehicle Size, Type & Acceleration
on Truck Fuel Economy
40
Laboratory 55/45 MPG
350
300
250
200
150 ,
Calculated using:
-I98r Distributions
1001 i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100
Model Year
Figure 810
Figure 820
Effect of Vehicle Size, Type & Acceleration
on Car Fuel Economy
40
Laboratory 55/45 MPG
Calculated using:
1987 Distributions
350
300
250
200
150
ioa
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100
Model Year
Figure 830
Effect of Vehicle Size, Type & Acceleration
on Truck Fuel Economy
Laboratory 55/45 MPG
Calculated using:
1987 Distributions
150
ioa
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100
Model Year
Figure 840
74 D
-------
A summary of the different approaches is presented in Table 25. Considering the seven
different ways in which fuel economy improvements for the fleet can be estimated, based on the
characteristics of the existing fleet, and assuming the relative sales fractions for cars and trucks
remains unchanged, the range of improvements for the fleet is from 15 to 30 percent. The
average is 21 percent. Different methods and different base years could, of course, yield different
results, and as discussed earlier, the hypothetical fleets that have higher fuel economy tend to be
different from today's fleet because while they have higher fuel economy, they also are slower
and lighter.
Table 25
Comparison of Hypothetical MY2005 Light-Duty Fleets
Laboratory
55/45 Fuel Economy
Scenario Cars Trucks Both
(1) Actual MY2005 Averages 28.8 21.3 24.5
(2) 1981 Weight and 0 to 60 Time 36.4 28.5 32.0
(3) 1981 Size and 0 to 60 Time 37.1 25.0 29.9
(4) 1987 Weight and 0 to 60 Time 34.2 27.3 30.4
(5) 1987 Size and 0 to 60 Time 34.7 24.2 28.5
(6) Best 4 Nameplates in Size Class 36.3 24.9 29.5
(7) Best 12 Vehicles in Size Class 35.4 25.7 29.8
(8) Best 12 Vehicles in Wt. Class 35.0 23.6 28.2
Percent Improvement over Actual MY2005 Averages
(2) 1981 Weight and 0 to 60 Time 26.4% 33.8% 30.5%
(3) 1981 Size and 0 to 60 Time 28.8% 17.4% 22.0%
(4) 1987 Weight and 0 to 60 Time 18.8% 28.2% 24.0%
(5) 1987 Size and 0 to 60 Time 20.5% 13.6% 16.5%
(6) Best 4 Nameplates in Size Class 26.0% 16.9% 20.4%
(7) Best 12 Vehicles in Size Class 22.9% 20.7% 21.6%
(8) Best 12 Vehicles in Wt. Class 21.5% 10.8% 15.1%
Average (all seven scenarios) 23.6% 20.2% 21.4%
Note: Only Scenarios 6, 7, and 8 include hybrid and diesels.
75D
-------
VTfl. Conclusions
1. D Trends in light-duty vehicle fuel economy have exhibited four stages over the past 30
years:
A. a rapid increase from 1975 continuing into the mid-1980s,
B. a slow increase extending into the late 1980s,
C. a gradual decline from then until the mid 1990s, and
D. a period of relatively constant fuel economy since then.
2. D Model year 2005 cars are estimated to average 24.7 miles per gallon (mpg) the same
value as that achieved the previous two years.
3. D Model year 2005 trucks are estimated to average 18.2 mpg, 0.3 higher than last year's
trucks and the highest since 1987.
4. D The combined average for MY2005 cars and trucks is estimated to be 21.0 mpg, 0.2 mpg
higher than last year and the highest since 1996, but 1.2 mpg (5.4%) below the peak value
achieved in 1987 and 1988. This year's average fuel economy is nearly 60 percent more
than the average achieved in 1975.
5. D Light truck market share has generally been increasing since 1981. For model year 2005,
light trucks are projected to account for almost 50 percent of all light-duty vehicles. Most
of this growth in the light truck market has been led by the increase in the popularity of
sport utility vehicles (SUVs), which now account for more than one fourth of all new
light-duty vehicles.
6. D Compared to 1987, this year's fleet is 21 percent heavier, 24 percent faster, and 80
percent more powerful.
7. D Hybrid vehicles and diesels engines are both technologies important for improving fuel
economy, but total sales for vehicles equipped with these technologies are not yet
significant, i.e., neither type of technology is used in a significant portion of the model
year 2005 light-duty vehicle fleet.
76D
-------
VTH References
1. "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Fuel Economy and Emission Control,"
November 1972.
2. "Passenger Car Fuel Economy - Trends and Influencing Factors," SAE Paper 730790,
Austin and Hellman, September 1973.
3. "Fuel Economy of the 1975 Models," SAE Paper 740970, Austin and Hellman,
October 1974.
4. "Passenger Car Fuel Economy Trends Through 1976," SAE Paper 750957, Austin and
Service, October 1975.
5. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1977," SAE Paper 760795,
Murrell, Pace, Service, and Yeager, October 1976.
6. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1978," SAE Paper 780036,
Murrell, February 1978.
7. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1979," SAE Paper 790225,
Murrell, February 1979.
8. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1980," SAE Paper 800853,
Murrell, Foster and Bristor, June 1980.
9. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1981," SAE Paper 810386,
Foster, Murrell and Loos, February 1981.
10. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy Trends Through 1982," SAE Paper 820300,
Cheng, LeBaron, Murrell, and Loos, February 1982.
11. "Why Vehicles Don't Achieve EPA MPG On the Road and How That Shortfall Can
Be Accounted For," SAE Paper 820791, Hellman and Murrell, June 1982.
12. "Light-Duty Automobile Fuel Economy Trends through 1983," SAE Paper 830544,
Murrell, Loos, Heavenrich, and Cheng, February 1983.
13. "Passenger Car Fuel Economy - Trends Through 1984," SAE Paper 840499,
Heavenrich, Murrell, Cheng, and Loos, February 1984.
14. "Light Truck Fuel Economy - Trends through 1984," SAE Paper 841405, Loos,
Cheng, Murrell and Heavenrich, October 1984.
15. "Light-Duty Automotive Fuel Economy - Trends Through 1985," SAE Paper 850550,
77D
-------
Heavenrich, Murrell, Cheng, and Loos, March 1985.
16. "Light-Duty Automotive Trends Through 1986," SAE Paper 860366, Heavenrich,
Cheng, and Murrell, February 1986.
17. "Trends in Alternate Measures of Vehicle Fuel Economy," SAE Paper 861426,
Hellman and Murrell, September 1986.
18. "Light-Duty Automotive Trends Through 1987," SAE Paper 871088, Heavenrich,
Murrell, and Cheng, May 1987.
19. "Light-Duty Automotive Trends Through 1988," U.S. EPA, EPA/AA/CTAB/88-07,
Heavenrich and Murrell, June 1988.
20. "Light-Duty Automotive and Technology Trends Through 1989," U.S. EPA,
EPA/AA/CTAB/89-04, Heavenrich, Murrell, and Hellman, May 1989.
21. "Downward Trend in Passenger Car Fuel Economy—A View of Recent Data," U.S.
EPA, EPA/AA/CTAB/90-01, Murrell and Heavenrich, January 1990.
22. "Options for Controlling the Global Warming Impact from Motor Vehicles," U.S.
EPA, EPA/AA/CTAB/89-08, Heavenrich, Murrell, and Hellman, December 1989.
23. "Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends Through 1990," U.S.
EPA, EPA/AA/CTAB/90-03, Heavenrich and Murrell, June 1990.
24. "Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends Through 1991," U.S.
EPA/AA/CTAB/91-02, Heavenrich, Murrell, and Hellman, May 1991.
25. "Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends Through 1993," U.S.
EPA/AA/TDG/93-01, Murrell, Hellman, and Heavenrich, May 1993.
26. "Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends Through 1996," U.S.
EPA/AA/TDSG/96-01, Heavenrich and Hellman, July 1996.
27. "Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends Through 1999," U.S..
EPA420-R-99-018, Heavenrich and Hellman, September 1999.
28. "Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends 1975 Through 2000,"
U.S. EPA420-R-00-008, Heavenrich and Hellman, December 2000.
29. "Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends 1975 Through 2001,"
U.S. EPA420-R-01-008, Heavenrich and Hellman, September 2001.
78D
-------
30. "Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends 1975 Through
2003," U.S. EPA420-R-03-006, Heavennch and Hellman, April 2003.
31. "Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends 1975 Through
2004," U.S. EPA420-R-04-001, Heavennch and Hellman, April 2004.
32. "Concise Description of Auto Fuel Economy in Recent Years," SAE Paper 760045,
Malliaris, Hsia and Gould, February 1976.
33. "Automotive Engine - A Future Perspective", SAE Paper 891666, Amann, 1989.
34. "Regression Analysis of Acceleration Performance of Light-Duty Vehicles," DOT
HS 807 763, Young, September 1991.
35. "Determinates of Multiple Measures of Acceleration," SAE Paper 931805, Santini
and Anderson, 1993.
36. "Shift to Automated Manuals Predicted," article in Ward's Engine Update, Vol. 26,
No. 23, December 1, 2000.
79D
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA420-R-05-001
July 2005
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2005
Appendix A: Database Details and Calculation Methods
RobertM. HeavenrichD
Advanced Technology DivisionD
Office of Transportation and Air Quality D
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency D
NOTICED
This Technical Report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. D
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. D
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate an exchange o/D
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments. D
-------
Appendix A
Estimated vs Final Fuel Economy
Table A-l compares average 55/45 laboratory fuel economy for
model years 1998 through 2003 at three points in time:
(1) an initial estimate determined early in each model year using
just projected sales,
(2) a revised estimate determined by using trade publication
sales data that were obtained after the end of each model
year, but before the data used for the CAFE calculations
were submitted to the Federal Government, and
(3) final fuel economy values determined from compliance
data provided by the manufacturers to the Federal Government
after the end of the model year.
The next report in this series will provide updated data for
model years 2004 and 2005 based on information available at that time.
Table A-l
Comparison of Laboratory 55/45 MPG
Model Initial Revised Final
Year Estimate Estimate Value
Cars 1998 28.6 28.6 28.5
1999 28.1 28.2 28.1
2000 28 . 1 28 .3 28 .2
2001 28.3 28.3 28.4
2002 28.5 28.5 28 . 6
2003 29.0 28.9 28.9
Trucks 1998 20.6 20.6 20.9
1999 20.3 20.4 20.5
2000 20.5 20.5 20.8
2001 20.3 20.4 20.6
2002 20.4 20.3 20.6
2003 20.8 20.9 20 . 9
Both 1998 24,4 24,4 24,5
1999 23.8 24.0 24.1
2000 24.0 23.9 24.3
2001 23 . 9 24 .0 24 .2
2002 24.0 23.9 24.1
2003 24.4 24.2 24 .3
A-i
-------
Appendix A
Averaging Fuel Economy Values
Dimensionally, fuel economy is miles divided by gallons.
Then, presented with more than one fuel economy value, an
approach to averaging the values is to compute the result by
determining the total miles traveled and dividing that by the
total gallons used.
Example: A motorist's fuel economy log for May shows that
704 miles were accumulated around town in which the fuel economy
was 16 mpg, and one 216 mile trip was taken on which the fuel
economy was 24 mpg. What is the average fuel economy for May?
The total miles are 704 + 216 = 920. The total gallons
thus, are 704 / 16 = 44 plus 216 / 24 = 9; 53 gallons. The
average mpg is 920 / 53 = 17.4 mpg. Notice that the arithmetic
average of the two fuel economy values (16+24) / 2 = 20 mpg
gives an individual result which is higher than the total
miles/total gallons result.
Even if the around-town miles traveled and the trip-miles
traveled were the same (460 miles), the average fuel economy
would not be 20; it would be 19.2 mpg. This is because in the
total miles/total gallons approach, fuel consumption is
arithmetically averaged, but fuel economy is harmonically
averaged, so for the second example (equal trip distances), the
calculation would be:
Average MPG = 2 / (1/16 + 1/24) = 19.2 MPG,
which is the same as arithmetically averaging the two fuel
consumption values.
A specific example of this type of averaging approach is
shown in the calculation of the overall average fuel economy
using the EPA "city" (MPG c) and EPA "highway" (MPG „) fuel
economy values.
Average MPG = Total Miles
Total Gallons
= Total Miles
City Gallons + Highway Gallons
= Total Miles
City Miles/City MPG + Highway Miles/Highway MPG
A-ii
-------
Appendix A
Now, if city miles are 55 percent of total miles and highway
miles are the remaining 45 percent, after dividing by total
mi1e s ,
Average MPG = 1
(.55/MPGc) + (.45/MPG „)
and this average mpg is called the EPA 55/45 MPG value.
The same approach can be used when the average mpg of a
group of vehicles with different mpg values is to be calculated.
Suppose a fleet of 100,000 vehicles is made up of two classes,
one of 70,000 vehicles whose fuel economy is 10 mpg and the other
of 30,000 vehicles whose fuel economy is 14 mpg. Each vehicle in
the fleet is assumed to travel the same number of miles (M),
Total Miles = 100,000 M
Total Gallons = 70,000 M / 10 + 30,000 M / 14
and the average fuel economy is:
Average Fuel Economy = 1
.7/10 + .3/14
10.9 mpg
where .7 and .3 are the relative shares of each vehicle class in
the fleet. Notice that, again, the arithmetic average of the
class fuel economy values (10 + 14)/2 = 12 mpg is higher.
In general, some form of a weighted harmonic mean is used
when averaging different fuel economy values.
A-iii
-------
Appendix A
Table A-2, compares CAFE data reported by the The National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) with the adjusted
and laboratory fuel economy data in this report. The NHTSA
values are higher than the values used in the report by a few
tenths of an mpg due to test procedure adjustment factors and
alternative fuel credits. The NHTSA data in this table for MY1979
Trucks is just for vehicles with less than 6000 pound GVW. The
EPA data in the table is final through MY2003, but preliminary
for MY2004 and MY2005.
Table A-2
EPA Adjusted, Laboratory, and NHTSA CAFE Fuel Economy Values
by Model Year
Cars
Trucks
Both Cars and Trucks
Model
Year
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
EPA
Adj.
13.5
14.9
15.6
16.9
17.2
20.0
21.4
22 .2
22 .1
22 .4
23.0
23.8
24.0
24.4
24.0
23.7
23.9
23.6
24.1
24.0
24.2
24.2
24.3
24.4
24.1
24.1
24.3
24.5
24.7
24.7
EPA
Unadj .
15.8
17.5
18.3
19.9
20.3
23.5
25.1
26.0
25.9
26.3
27.0
27.9
28.1
28.6
28.1
27.8
28.0
27.6
28.2
28.1
28.3
28.3
28.4
28.5
28.2
28.2
28.4
28.6
28.9
28.9
NHTSA
(CAFE)
n/a
n/a
n/a
19.9
20.3
24.3
25.9
26.6
26.4
26.9
27.6
28.2
28.5
28.8
28.4
28.0
28.4
27.9
28.4
28.3
28.6
28.5
28.7
28.8
28.3
28.5
28.8
28.9
Diff .
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.3
EPA
Adj.
11.6
12.2
13.3
12.9
12.5
15.8
17.1
17.4
17.8
17.4
17.5
18.3
18.4
18.1
17.8
17.7
18.1
17.8
17.9
17.7
17.5
17.8
17.6
17.8
17.5
17.7
17.6
17.6
17.8
17.9
EPA
Unadj .
13.7
14.4
15.6
15.2
14.7
18 .6
20.1
20.5
20.9
20.5
20.6
21.4
21.6
21.2
20.9
20.7
21.3
20.8
21.0
20.8
20.5
20.8
20.6
20.9
20.5
20.8
20.6
20.6
20.9
20.9
NHTSA
(CAFE)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
18.2
18.5
20.1
20.5
20.7
20.6
20.7
21.5
21.7
21.3
21.0
20.8
21.3
20.8
21.0
20.8
20.5
20.8
20.6
21.1
20.9
21.3
20.9
21.3
Diff.
-0.1
0.0
0.0
-0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.7
EPA
Adj.
13.1
14.2
15.1
15.8
15.9
19.2
20.5
21.1
21.0
21.0
21.3
21.9
22.1
22.1
21.7
21.5
21.7
21.3
21.4
21.0
21.1
21.2
20.9
20.9
20.6
20.7
20.7
20.6
20.8
20.8
EPA
Unadj .
15.3
16.7
17.7
18.6
18.7
22.5
24.1
24.7
24.6
24.6
25.0
25.7
25.9
25.9
25.4
25.2
25.4
24.9
25.1
24.6
24.7
24.8
24.5
24.5
24.1
24.3
24.2
24.1
24.3
24.4
NHTSA
(CAFE)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
20.1
23.1
24.6
25.1
24.8
25.0
25.4
25.9
26.2
26.0
25.6
25.4
25.6
25.1
25.2
24.7
24.9
24.9
24.6
24.7
24.5
24.8
24.4
24.6
Diff
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
2005
24.7
28.i
18.2
21.3
21.0
24.6
A-iv
-------
Appendix A
Use of 3-Year Moving Averages
Use of the three-year moving averages, which effectively
smooth the trends, results in an improvement in discerning real
trends from what might be relatively small year-to-year variations
in the data. For this report, as shown in Table A-3 these three-
year moving averages are tabulated at their midpoint. For example,
the midpoint for model years 2002, 2003, and 2004 is MY2003.
Table A-3
Light-Duty Vehicle Laboratory Fuel Economy and Truck Sales Fraction
Actual Data Three-Year Moving Average
Year
55/45 Fuel Economy
Cars Trucks Both
Truck
Sales
Fraction
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
15.
17.
18.
19.
20.
23.
25.
26.
25.
26.
27.
27.
28.
28.
28.
27.
28.
27.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
,8
,5
,3
,9
,3
,5
,1
,0
,9
,3
,0
,9
,1
,6
,1
,8
,0
,6
,2
,1
,3
,3
,4
,5
,2
,2
,4
,6
,9
,9
13,
14,
15,
15,
14,
18,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
21,
21,
21,
20,
20,
21,
20,
21,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
.7
.4
.6
.2
.7
.6
.1
.5
.9
.5
.6
.4
.6
.2
.9
.7
.3
.8
.0
.8
.5
.8
.6
.9
.5
.8
.6
.6
.9
.9
15
16
17
18
18
22
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
24
25
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
.3
.7
.7
.6
.7
.5
.1
.7
.6
.6
.0
.7
.9
.9
.4
.2
.4
.9
. 1
.6
.7
.8
.5
.5
. 1
.3
.2
.1
.3
.4
.194
.212
.200
.227
.222
. 165
. 173
. 197
.223
.239
.254
.283
.278
.298
.307
.302
.322
.334
.360
.404
.380
.400
.424
.449
.449
.449
.461
.485
.496
.488
55/45 Fuel Economy Truck
Cars Trucks Both Sales
Fraction
**
17
18
19
21
22
24
25
26
26
27
27
28
28
28
28
27
27
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
**
.1
.5
.4
.1
.8
.8
.7
.1
.4
.0
.6
.2
.3
.2
.0
.8
.9
.0
.2
.2
.3
.4
.4
.3
.3
.4
.7
.8
.9
***
14.
15.
15.
16.
17.
19.
20.
20.
20.
20.
21.
21.
21.
20.
21.
20.
21.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
21.
* ****
5
1
2
0
5
7
5
6
6
8
2
4
2
9
0
9
0
8
7
7
7
8
7
7
6
6
7
8
1
16.
17.
18.
19.
21.
23.
24.
24.
24.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
,5
,6
,3
,8
,5
, 7
,5
,6
, 7
,1
,5
,8
,8
,5
,3
,2
,1
,8
,8
, 7
,7
,6
,4
,3
,2
,2
,2
,3
,4
****
.202
.213
.216
.205
.187
.178
.197
.219
.239
.258
.272
.286
.294
.302
.310
.319
.339
.366
.381
.395
.401
.424
.441
.449
.453
.465
.481
.490
.494
2005
28.9
21.3
24.6
498
A-V
-------
Appendix A
Table A-4
Vehicle Classification Exceptions
Group/Manufacturer/Vehicles Years Are Classified As:
DC Chrysler Colt 4WD Wagon
DC Chrysler Colt Vista
DC Chrysler Pacifica
DC Chrysler PT Cruiser
DC Chrysler PT Cruiser Convertible
DC Chrysler Summit Wagon
DC Dodge Ramcharger
DC Dodge Magnum
DC Eagle 4WD Wagon
DC Mitsubishi Expo
DC Mitsubishi Space Wagon
Ford: Ford Pinto Van
Ford: Volvo V70 XC
GM: Isuzu Oasis
GM: Pontiac Vibe
GM: Subaru 4WD Sedans/Wagons
GM: Subaru Forester
GM: Subaru Baja
GM: Suzuki X-90
Toyota: Lexus RX300
Toyota: Matrix
VW:
Audi Allroad
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
Small WagonD
Small VanD
Large WagonD
Small WagonD
SubcompactD
Small VanD
CarD
Midsize WagonD
CarD
Small VanD
Small VanD
CarD
Midsize WagonD
Midsize VanD
Small WagonD
CarsD
Small SUVD
Small PickupD
Small SUV D
Midsize SUVD
Small WagonD
Midsize WagonD
Note: The classification of a vehicle for this report is based on
the author's engineering judgment and is not a replacement for
definitions used in implementing automotive standards
legislation.
A-vi
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA420-R-05-001
July 2005
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2005
Appendix B: Mode! Year 2005
Nameplate Fuel Economy Listings
Robert M. Heavenrich D
Advanced Technology DivisionD
Office of Transportation and Air Quality D
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency D
NOTICED
This Technical Report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. D
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. D
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate an exchange q/D
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments. D
-------
Appendix B
Model Year 2005 Nameplate Fuel Economy and Ton-MPG Listing
TWO-SEATER
< FUEL ECONOMY >
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LAB
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45 TON-MPG
Honda INSIGHT 68 . 6
Toyota MR2 33.6
Lotus ELISE-EXIGE 29.2
Mazda MX-5 MIATA 28.4
VW TT ROADSTER QUATTRO 27.3
BMW Z4 ROADSTER 26.9
VW TT ROADSTER 26.7
Nissan 350Z 25.7
Honda S2000 25.5
Mercedes-Benz SLK350 25.1
Nissan 350Z ROADSTER 25.0
GM CORVETTE 24.9
DC CROSSFIRE 24.6
Ford THUNDERBIRD 23.5
Honda NSX 23.3
GM XLR 22.7
Mercedes-Benz SL500 21.2
Mercedes-Benz SLK55 AMG 21.0
Porsche TURBO 2 911 GT2 20.9
Porsche CARRERA 2 911 GT3 20.7
Ford GT 2WD 18.7
Mercedes-Benz SL55 AMG 18.4
Mercedes-Benz SL600 17.4
Mercedes-Benz SL65 AMG 17.1
Maserati SPYDER 15.
Ferrari F430 14.
Ferrari 360 MODENA 14.
Porsche CARRERA GT 14.
74 . 6
42 .0
32 . 9
39.1
51 .4
41.7
46.8
44.9
38 .3
43.9
50 .1
43.6
43.4
46.9
40.7
45.4
42.5
36.8
36.6
36 .3
32 .8
41 .5
39.1
38 .5
30.0
34 .0
31 .7
25 . 9
.4
B-1D
-------
Appendix B
Model Year 2005 Nameplate Fuel Economy and Ton-MPG Listing
MINICOMPACT
BMW MINI COOPER
BMW MINI COOPER CONVERTIBLE .
BMW MINI COOPER S CONVERTIBLE
BMW MINI COOPER S
VW NEW BEETLE CONVERTIBLE
VW TT COUPE
VW TT COUPE QUATTRO
Mitsubishi ECLIPSE SPYDER
BMW 325CI CONVERTIBLE
BMW 330CI CONVERTIBLE
Porsche CARRERA 2 S CABRIOLET
Porsche CARRERA 2 CABRIOLET
CARRERA 2
Porsche
Porsche
Porsche
Porsche
Porsche TARGA
Jaguar XK8 CONVERTIBLE
Toyota SC 430
COUPE
CARRERA 2 S COUPE
CARRERA 2 CABRIOLET KIT
CARRERA 2 COUPE KIT
Porsche CARRERA 4 ;
Porsche CARRERA 4 ;
Porsche CARRERA 4 CABRIOLET
Porsche CARRERA 4 CABRIOLET KIT .
Porsche CARRERA 4 S CABRIOLET KIT
Porsche CARRERA 4 S KIT
Jaguar XKR CONVERTIBLE
BMW M3 CONVERTIBLE
Porsche TURBO 4 911 TURBO CAB
Porsche TURBO 4 911 TURBO KIT
Porsche TURBO 4 911 TURBO S
Porsche TURBO 4 911 TURBO
Porsche TURBO 4 911 TURBO CAB KIT
Porsche TURBO 4 911 TURBO CAB S .
Aston Martin DB9 VOLANTE
Aston Martin DB9
Aston Martin V12 VANQUISH S
< FUEL ECONOMY >
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LAB
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45 TON-MPG
48.7
51 . 9
48.3
48 .3
51 .7
41.7
48.5
47 .3
50 .0
49 9
43.2
43.2
43.2
43.2
42.7
42.7
42.7
48.0
46.2
39 .7
39 .7
39.6
39 . 6
39 . 6
39 . 6
42.8
13. 1
B-2D
-------
Appendix B
Model Year 2005 Nameplate Fuel Economy and Ton-MPG Listing
< FUEL ECONOMY >
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LAB
SUBCOMPACT 55/45 CITY HWY 55/45 TON-MPG
Toyota SCION XA 40.0 31.5 37.8 34.1 55.0
Toyota CELICA 35.5 27.5 34.5 30.3 49.2
GM COBALT 33.1 24.9 33.9
Honda RSX 32.3 24.5 32.6
VW NEW BEETLE 31.6 23.9 32.2
VW A4 CABRIOLET 29.7 22.6 29.9
Toyota SCION TC 29.4 22.4 29.4
Mitsubishi ECLIPSE 28.1 21.2 28.7
DC PT CRUISER CONV-CABRIO 27.0 20.8 26.6
Hyundai TIBURON 26.5 20.0
BMW 330CI 26.4 19.5
Subaru IMPREZA AWD 26.4 20.0
Mercedes-Benz CLK320 (CABRIOLET) .. 26.2 20.0
BMW 325CI 26.2 19.4
Saab 9-3 CONVERTIBLE 26.1 19.4
VW A4 CABRIOLET QUATTRO 24.5 18.2
Ford MUSTANG 24.4 18.3
Jaguar XK8 24.0 17.6
Mazda RX-8 23.8 18.2
BMW 64 SCI 23 .7 17.4
BMW 645CI CONVERTIBLE 23.5 17.2
Mercedes-Benz CLK500 22.9 16.8
Mercedes-Benz CLK500 (CABRIOLET) .. 22.9 16.8
BMW M3 22.1 16.4
Jaguar XKR 21.4 15.8
Mercedes-Benz CLK55 AMG 21.4 15.9
Mercedes-Benz CLK55 AMG (CABRIOLET) 21.1 15.6
VW S4 CABRIOLET 20.7 15.4
Maserati COUPE & GRANSPORT 15.9 11.7
B-3D
-------
Appendix B
Model Year 2005 Nameplate Fuel Economy and Ton-MPG Listing
< FUEL ECONOMY >
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LAB
COMPACT 55/45 CITY HWY 55/45 TON-MPG
Honda CIVIC HYBRID 56.3 47.4
Toyota ECHO 42.2 33.3
Toyota COROLLA 39.0 30.1
Honda CIVIC 38.9 30.1
VW GOLF 35 . 1 27.1
Hyundai ACCENT-BRIO 34.9 26.8
GM AVEO 34.4 26.2
Nissan SENTRA 34.2 26.7
General Motors CAVALIER 33.5 25.2
GM SUNFIRE 33.4
GM ION 33 .2
Ford FOCUS FWD 32.9
DC NEON-SRT-4-SX 2.0 32.6
Mazda 3 32.4
Suzuki AERIO 32.1
Mitsubishi LANCER 31.8
VW JETTA 31.7 24.4
Kia RIO 31.6 24.1
Mercedes-Benz C230 KOMPRESSOR 31.4 23.7
Mercedes-Benz C230 KOMPRESSOR COUPE 31.0 23.4
GM GRAND AM 30.8 22.7
VW A4 30.5 23.0
VW GT I 30.3 23.1
Suzuki AERIO AWD 30.2 23.8
Toyota CAMRY SOLARA 29.6 22.1 30.8
GM RENO / FORENZA 29.4 22.2 30.0
Honda TSX 29.4 22.0 30.
GMG6 29.1 21.7 30.3
Saab 9-3 SPORT SEDAN 28.9 21.6 29.9
Volvo S40 FWD 28.7 21.5 29.5
Subaru LEGACY AWD 28.3 21.5 28.4
Volvo S60 FWD 28.2 21.1 29.1
DC SEBRING CONVERTIBLE 27.8 21.2 27.9
VW A4 QUATTRO 27.6 20.5 28.8
DC STRATUS 27.5 20.8 28.1
DC SEBRING 27.3 20.6 28.0
Toyota CAMRY SOLARA CONVERTIBLE ... 27.2 20.2 28.7
Volvo S40 AWD 26.4 19.9 27.0
Mercedes-Benz C320 FFV 26.2 20.0 26.3
BMW 3301 26.1 19.3 27.6 22.4
BMW 3251 26.0 19.3 27.4 22.3
VW PASSAT 4MOTION 25.8 19.2 27.1 22.1
Volvo S60 AWD 25.6 19.3 26.1 21.9
BMW 325X1 25.6 19.3 26.2 21.9
Mercedes-Benz C240 FFV 25.5 19.6 25.0 21.7
Subaru OUTBACK AWD 25.4 19.4 25.4 21.7
Mercedes-Benz C320 4MATIC 25.4 19.3 25.6 21.7
Mitsubishi LANCER EVOLUTION 25.0 18.8 25.6 21.3
Mercedes-Benz C240 4MATIC 24.9 19.1 24.8 21.3
Mercedes-Benz C320 24.9 18.5 26.0 21.3
BMW 330X1 24.7 18.4 25.8 21.1
Mercedes-Benz C320 SPORTS COUPE FFV 24.4 18.9 23.9 20.9
Nissan G35 24.4 18.3 25.2 20.8
Jaguar X-TYPE 24.1 17.8 25.5 20.6
Volvo S60 R AWD 23.8 18.0 24.4 20.4
Toyota IS 300 23.8 17.9 24.5 20.4
Mercedes-Benz C320 SPORTS COUPE ... 23.2 17.4 24.0 19.8
GM GTO 22.7 16.5 25.0 19.5
Mercedes-Benz CL500 21.9 16.0 23.8 18.8
Mercedes-Benz C55 AMG 21.1 15.8 21.7 18.0
VW S4 20.9 15.6 21.8 17.9
Mercedes-Benz CL55 AMG 19.7 14.3 21.8 16.9
Me rcedes-Benz CL600 17.4 12.8 18.6 14.9
Mercedes-Benz CL65 AMG 17.1 12.2 19.4 14.7
BENTLEY CONTINENTAL GT 15.7 11.3 17.7 13.5
B-4D
-------
Appendix B
Model Year 2005 Nameplate Fuel Economy and Ton-MPG Listing
< FUEL ECONOMY >
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LAB
MIDSIZE SEDAN 55/45 CITY HWY 55/45 TON-MPG
GM CLASSIC 33.1
Hyundai ELANTRA 32.8
Kia SPECTRA 32.4
Toyota CAMRY 31.4
GM MALIBU 31.0
Honda ACCORD 30.7 22.8
Nissan ALTIMA 29.8 22.8
VW PAS SAT 28.9 21.5
Mitsubishi GALANT 28.8 21.8
DC STRATUS 4-DR 28.6 21.7
DC SEBRING 4-DR 28.4 21.6
Kia OPTIMA 28.2 21.2
GM MONTE CARLO 28.2 20.5
Toyota ES 330 27.8 20.5
Mazda 6 27.7 21.0
GM CENTURY 27.5 20.2
Honda TL 27.0
Nissan MAXIMA 27 .0
GM VERONA 26.9
GM LACROSSE-ALLURE 26.7 19.6
Mercedes-Benz E320 26.6 19.8
BMW 5301 26.6 19.4
Ford SABLE 26.4 19.9
Saab 9-5 26.4 19.2
GM GRAND PRIX 26.4 19.2
BMW 5251 25.8 18.8
Volvo S80 AWD 25.4 19.2
.3 18.4
Ford LS 24.5 18.4 25.3 21.0 49.2
Hyundai XG350 24.3 17.9 26.0 20.8 48.6
GMCTS 24.2 17.5 26.9 20.7 48.4
Toyota GS 300-GS 430 23.8 17.9 24.6 20.4 47.7
BMW 5451 23.8 17.4 25.7 20.4 47.6
VWA8 23.4 17.5 24.3 20.0 52.7
Jaguar S-TYPE R 23.3 17.3 24.4
Mitsubishi DIAMANTE SEDAN 23.2 17.0 25.0
GMSTS 23.1 16.9 25.1
Nissan Q45 23.1 17.5 23.5
Mercedes-Benz E500 22.9 16.8 24.7
GM STS AWD 21.4 15.9 22.5
Mercedes-Benz E500 4MATIC 20.8 16.0 20.4
Mercedes-Benz ESS AMG 19.4 14.2 21.0
PHANTOM 16.9 12.4 18.6
Ferrari 612 SCAGLIETTI 14.7 10.5 16.7
Bentley ARNAGE 13.8 10.3 14.5
B-5D
-------
Appendix B
Model Year 2005 Nameplate Fuel Economy and Ton-MPG Listing
< FUEL ECONOMY >
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LAB
LARGE SEDAN 55/45 CITY HWY 55/45 TON-MPG
GM MALIBU MA05 30.3 22.4
GM IMPALA 28.1 20.5
Ford MONTEGO FWD 28.0 21.1
Ford FIVE HUNDRED FWD 27.4 20.6
GM LESABRE 27.1 19.8
GM PARK AVENUE 26.8 19.6
Ford TAURUS 26.3 19.8
GM BONNEVILLE 25.9 18.9
Jaguar XJ8 25.3 18.4
Ford MONTEGO AMD 25.2 19.0
Ford FIVE HUNDRED AMD 25.2 19.0
DC 300C-SRT-8 25.0 18.7
BMW 7451 24.4 18.0
BMW 745LI 24.4 18.0
Jaguar VDP LWB 24.4 17.7
GM DEVILLE 24.2 17.6
Ford TOWN CAR 24.0 17.9
Ford GRAND MARQUIS 24.0 17.9
Mercedes-Benz S430 23.9 17.5
Toyota LS 430 23.8 17.8
VW A8 L 23.3 17.5
Jaguar SUPER V8 23.3 17.3
Jaguar XJR 4.2 LITRE 23.1 17.2
Kia AMANTI 23.1 16.9
DC 300C AWD 22 . 9 17.1
Mercedes-Benz S500 21.9 16.0
Mercedes-Benz S430 4MATIC 21.9 16.6
Ford CROWN VICTORIA 21.8 16.4
Mercedes-Benz S500 4MATIC 20.9 15.7
BMW 7601 20.3 14.6
BMW 760LI 20.3 14.6
GM LIMOUSINE 20.1 14.9
Mercedes-Benz S55 AMG 19.7 14.3
VW PHAETON 19.7 14.4
GM ARMORED DEVILLE 19.0 14.1
GM FUNERAL COACH-HEARSE 19.0 14.1
Mercedes-Benz S600 17.0 12.4
Mercedes-Benz MAYBACH 62 16.2 12.1
Mercedes-Benz MAYBACH 57 16.2 12.0
Maserati QUATTROPORTE 15.9
Bentley ARNAGE LWB 13.8
B-6D
-------
Appendix B
Model Year 2005 Nameplate Fuel Economy and Ton-MPG Listing
< FUEL ECONOMY >
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LAB
SMALL WAGON 55/45 CITY HWY 55/45 TON-MPG
VW JETTA 34.6
Suzuki AERIO SX 31.8
Suzuki AERIO SX AMD 30.2
Mitsubishi LANCER SPORTBACK 29.0
Volvo V50 FWD 28.7
Subaru IMPREZA -OUTBACK SPT AMD ... 28.1
VW A4 AVANT QUATTRO 27.9
Saab 9-2X AW 27.8
DC PT CRUISER 27.6 21.4
GM FORENZA 27.2 20.3
BMW 3251 SPORT 25.9 19.3
Volvo V50 AWD 25.6 19.3
Mercedes-Benz C240 FFV 25.6 19.6
BMW 325X1 SPORT 25.5 19.2
Mercedes-Benz C240 4MATIC 24.0 18.5
VW S4 AVANT 20.8 15.5
MIDSIZE WAGON
Ford FOCUS 33.0 25.7 31.9 28.1 49.5
VW PASSAT 29.1 21.7 30.5 24.9 54.4
Subaru LEGACY AW 28.3 21.5 28.4 24.1 50.3
Volvo V70 FWD 27.7 20.8 28.5 23.7 55.3
GM LW300 27.4 20.6 28.0 23.4 47.9
Subaru OUTBACK AW 27.3 21.0 26.9 23.3 50.7
Mercedes-Benz E320 26.4 19.7 27.5 22.6 52.8
Saab 9-5 26.2 19.1 28.7 22.5 52.5
Mazda 6 SPORT 26.1 19.5 27.1 22.3 45.7
VW PASSAT 4MOTION 25.7 19.1 27.0 22.0 51.5
Volvo V70 AWD 25.6 19.3 26.1 21.9 51.2
DC MAGNUM 25.6 19.2 26.5 21.9 52.4
Ford SABLE 25.2 18.8 26.1 21.5 50.3
Ford TAURUS 25.1 18.9 25.7 21.4 50.1
Mercedes-Benz E320 4MATIC 24.1 18.4 24.0 20.5 54.1
Volvo XC 70 AWD 24.0 18.3 24.2 20.5 48.1
Volvo V70 R AWD 23.7 17.9 24.3 20.3 47.5
DC MAGNUM AWD 22.9 17.1 24.0 19.6 51.6
VW ALLROAD QUATTRO 21.5 16.3 21.8 18.4 48.5
Mercedes-Benz E500 4MATIC 20.4 15.8 19.9 17.4 46.0
Mercedes-Benz ESS AMG 19.5 14.4 20.8 16.7 43.9
LARGE WAGON
B-7D
-------
Appendix B
Model Year 2005 Nameplate Fuel Economy and Ton-MPG Listing
< FUEL ECONOMY >
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LAB
MIDSIZE VAN 55/45 CITY HWY 55/45 TON-MPG
Ford FREESTYLE FWD 26.5
Honda ODYSSEY 2WD 25.7
Toyota SIENNA 2WD 25.1
GM MONTANA FWD 25.1
GM VENTURE FWD 25.1
Nissan QUEST 24.8
DC CARAVAN 2WD 24.8
Ford FREESTYLE AWD 24.5
DC TOWN & COUNTRY 2WD 24.3
Mazda MPV 24.0
Toyota SIENNA 4WD 23.8
GM TERRAZA FWD 23.6
GM RELAY FWD 23.6
GM MONTANA SVX FWD 23.6
GM UPLANDER FWD 23.6
Ford FREESTAR CARGO VAN FWD 23.4
Ford FREESTAR WAGON FWD 23.2
Ford MONTEREY WAGON FWD 22.8
GM RELAY AWD 22.4
GM TERRAZA AWD 22.4
GM MONTANA SVX AWD 22.4
GM UPLANDER AWD 22.4
GM SAFARI 2WD (CARGO) 21.7
GM ASTRO 2WD (CARGO) 21.7
Kia SEDONA 21.3
GM SAFARI 2WD (PASSENGER) 21.1
GM ASTRO 2WD (PASSENGER) 21.1
GM SAFARI 2WD (CARGO) CONV 20.8
GM ASTRO 2WD (CARGO) CONV 20.8
GM SAFARI AWD (CARGO) 19.7
GM ASTRO AWD (CARGO) 19.7
GM SAFARI AWD (CARGO) CONV 17.6
GM ASTRO AWD (CARGO) CONV 17.6
GM SAFARI AWD (PASSENGER) 17.6
GM ASTRO AWD (PASSENGER) 17.6
LARGE VAN
GM G1500-2500 CHEVY VAN 2WD 20.1
GM G1500-2500 SAVANA 2WD CARGO .... 20.0
GM H1500 SAVANA PASS VAN AWD 19.5
GM H15-25 SAVANA AWD CARGO CONV ... 19.5
GM H1500 CHEVY EXPRESS AWD 19.5
GM H1500 CHEVY VAN AWD CONV 19.5
GM G1500-2500 CHEVY EXPRESS 2WD ... 19.3
Ford E150 ECONOLINE 2WD 19.2
Ford E250 ECONOLINE 2WD 19.0
GM H1500-2500 SAVANA CARGO AWD .... 19.0
GM H1500-2500 CHEVY VAN AWD 19.0
GM G1500-2500 SAVANA 2WD PASSEN ... 18.7
GM G15-25 SAVANA 2WD CARGO CONV ... 18.2
GM G15-25 CHEV VAN 2WD CONV 18.2
Ford E150 CLUB WAGON 17.6 13.6 17.4 15.1
B-8D
-------
Appendix B
Model Year 2005 Nameplate Fuel Economy and Ton-MPG Listing
< FUEL ECONOMY >
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LAB
SMALL UTILITY 55/45 CITY HWY 55/45 TON-MPG
Toyota RAV4 2WD 30.9 24.4
Subaru FORESTER AMD 28.4 22.0
Toyota RAV4 4WD 28.3 22.4
Suzuki GRAND VITARA 23.7 18.8
Suzuki GRAND VITARA 4WD 23.5 18.5
DC WRANGLER-TJ 4WD 18.7 14.5
MIDSIZE UTILITY
Ford ESCAPE HEV 2WD
Ford ESCAPE HEV 4WD
Honda CR-V 2WD
Honda CR-V 4WD
GM VUE FWD
Honda ELEMENT 2WD
Mitsubishi OUTLANDER 2WD
Hyundai TUCSON 2WD
Kia SPORTAGE 2WD
Honda ELEMENT 4WD
Mitsubishi OUTLANDER 4WD
Toyota HIGHLANDER 2WD
Ford ESCAPE 2WD
Nissan MURANO FWD
Mazda TRIBUTE 2WD
GM VUE AMD
Nissan MURANO AMD
Ford MARINER 2WD
Toyota RX 330 2WD
Hyundai TUCSON 4WD
GM AZTEK FWD
Hyundai SANTAFE 2WD
Kia SPORTAGE 4WD
GM AZTEK AMD
Toyota HIGHLANDER 4WD
Toyota RX 330 4WD
Mazda TRIBUTE 4WD
Ford MARINER 4WD
Mitsubishi ENDEAVOR 2WD
Ford ESCAPE 4WD
Hyundai SANTAFE 4WD
Toyota 4 RUNNER 2WD
Rover FREELANDER
Mitsubishi ENDEAVOR 4WD
DC LIBERTY-CHEROKEE 2WD
Honda MDX 4WD
DC LIBERTY-CHEROKEE 4WD
BMW X3
Honda PILOT 4WD
GM BLAZER 2WD
DC GRAND CHEROKEE 2WD
Toyota 4 RUNNER 4WD
Kia SORENTO 2WD
DC GRAND CHEROKEE 4WD
Ford EXPLORER FFV 2WD
Toyota GX 470
GM BLAZER 4WD
Kia SORENTO 4WD
Ford EXPLORER FFV 4WD
Ford EXPLORER 2WD
Mitsubishi MONTERO
Ford EXPLORER 4WD
Rover RANGE ROVER
39
36
29
28
28
27
27
27
26
26
25
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
24 .
24 .
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23.
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2 2
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22
22
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21 .
20.
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23.
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22.
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21.
21 .
21.
21 .
21.
21 .
21.
20 .
20 .
20 .
20.
20.
19.
19
19.
19.
18
18 .
18 .
18.
18.
18.
18 .
18 .
18 .
18.
18 .
17.
17.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
15.
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B-9D
-------
Appendix B
Model Year 2005 Nameplate Fuel Economy and Ton-MPG Listing
<•
FUEL ECONOMY
LAB ADJ ADJ
LARGE UTILITY 55/45
GM RENDEZVOUS FWD
GM EQUINOX
GM RENDEZVOUS AWD
Volvo XC 90 FWD
Suzuki GRAND VITARA XL-7
Nissan FX35 RWD
Suzuki GRAND VITARA XL-7 4WD
GM SRX 2WD
Nissan PATHFINDER 2WD
Nissan FX35 AWD
BMW X5 4 .813
Isuzu ASCENDER 5-PASSENGER 2WD ....
GM ENVOY / TRAILBLAZER 2WD
GM SRX AWD
BMW X5
GM RAINIER 2WD
Volvo XC 90 AWD
Nissan PATHFINDER 4WD
Isuzu ASCENDER 5-PASSENGER 4WD ....
GM ENVOY / TRAILBLAZER
Isuzu ASCENDER 7-PASSENGER 4WD ....
GM C1500 YUKON 2WD
Ford MOUNTAINER FFV 2WD
GM C1500 TAHOE 2WD
GM RAINIER AWD
GM C1500 SUBURBAN 2WD
Porsche CAYENNE
Nissan FX45 AWD
VW TOUAREG
GM ENVOY XUV 2WD
Isuzu ASCENDER 7-PASSENGER 2WD ....
Toyota SEQUOIA 2WD
GM ENVOY XL / TRAILBLAZER EXT 2WD .
Ford MOUNTAINEER 2WD
GM K1500 TAHOE 4WD
Mercedes-Benz ML350
GM K1500 YUKON 4WD
GM K1500 TAHOE AWD
DC DURANGO 2WD
GM C1500 YUKON XL 2WD
GM ESCALADE 2WD
Ford MOUNTAINEER 4WD FFV
Toyota SEQUOIA 4WD
GM K1500 SUBURBAN / K1500 YUKON 4WD
Ford EXPEDITION 2WD
GM TRAILBLAZER EXT 4WD
Rover LR3
Ford MOUNTAINEER 4WD
Ford EXPEDITION 4WD
GM ENVOY XUV 4WD
Mercedes-Benz ML500
Porsche CAYENNE S
GM ENVOY XL 4WD
GM K1500 YUKON AWD
Nissan ARMADA 2WD
Nissan QX56 2WD
GM K1500 YUKON XL AWD
GM ESCALADE
DC DURANGO 4WD
Nissan ARMADA 4WD
Porsche CAYENNE TURBO
Nissan QX56 4WD
Ford AVIATOR 2WD
Ford NAVIGATOR 2WD
Ford AVIATOR 4WD
Toyota LAND CRUISER WAGON 4WD
Toyota LX 470
Mercedes-Benz G500
Mercedes-Benz G55 AMG
95
94
94
93
22
22
22
21
21
21
21
20
90
20
20 .
20
20 .
20
20 .
20.
19.
19.
1 9
1 9
1 9
1 9
1 9
19.
1 9
1 9
19.
1 9
19.
1 9
19.
1 9
19.
1 9
19.
1 a
1 a
1 a
18 .
18 .
18 .
18 .
1 a
18 .
18 .
18 .
1 a
18
18
18 .
18 .
18 .
1 7
17 .
17 .
17 .
17 .
17 .
17 .
17 .
1 7
17 .
1 7
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0
5
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9
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CITY
1 a
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17
17
17
17
16
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16.
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15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15 .
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
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1 5
15.
1 4
14 .
14 .
15.
14 .
1 4
14 .
15.
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14 .
14 .
1 4
14.
1 4
14.
14.
13.
13.
1 4
14 .
14 .
13.
14 .
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
1 3
13 .
13.
13.
12.
13.
12 .
12 .
12 .
13.
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7
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HWY
2 6
25.
25.
22 .
22 .
2 3 .
2 2 .
2 3 .
2 2 .
21 .
21 .
21 .
21 .
22.
21 .
21.
20 .
20
20 .
20.
20.
19.
20 .
19.
19.
19.
1 9
19.
1 9
19.
19.
18 .
19.
1 9
19.
18.
19.
19.
19.
1 9
18.
1 9
17.
18.
19.
18 .
18
18 .
17 .
18 .
17.
18.
18.
17.
18 .
19.
17 .
17.
17 .
17.
18 .
17.
17.
17.
17.
16.
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14.
14 .
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>
ADJ
55/45
21.
21 .
20.
19.
19.
19.
19.
18.
18 .
18.
18 .
17.
17.
17.
17 .
17.
17 .
17 .
17 .
17.
17.
17.
17 .
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
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15.
15.
15.
14.
14.
14.
14 .
14 .
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14 .
13.
12 .
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3
1
0
9
9
8
6
6
5
5
5
4
9
LAB
TON-MPG
50
49
54
51
45
51
44 .
49.
53.
48.
52.
47.
47.
48.
52 .
48.
51 .
50 .
50 .
50.
50.
54 .
44 .
54 .
49 .
54 .
49.
44 .
54 .
49.
48.
53.
48 .
43.
57.
4R .
57.
57.
47.
56.
51.
47.
51.
55.
55.
50 .
54 .
45.
54 .
50 .
45.
50.
50.
54 .
49.
49 .
53.
53.
46.
52.
47.
51.
42 .
51 .
42 .
50.
50 .
43.
45.
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8
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8
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8
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. 3
. 8
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. 6
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9
. 9
2
3
B-10D
-------
Appendix B
Model Year 2005 Nameplate Fuel Economy and Ton-MPG Listing
< FUEL ECONOMY >
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LAB
SMALL PICKUP 55/45 CITY HWY 55/45 TON-MPG
MIDSIZE PICKUP
Mazda B2300 2WD 29.2 22.8
GM CANYON 2WD 25.0 19.1
GM COLORADO 2WD 24.8 18.9
Ford RANGER PICKUP 2WD 24.1 18.6
GM CANYON 4WD 23.2 17.8
GM COLORADO 4WD 23.2 17.8
Mazda B3000 23.0 17.7
Mazda B4000 2WD 22.4 17.1
Ford RANGER PICKUP 4WD 20.2 15.7
Mazda B4000 4WD 20.0 15.5
LARGE PICKUP
Nissan FRONTIER 2WD 25.7
Toyota TACOMA 2WD 24.6
GM CANYON CREW CAB 2WD 23.8
GM COLORADO CREW CAB 2WD 23.6
GM COLORADO CREW CAB 4WD 22.7
GM CANYON CREW CAB 4WD 22.7
GM CIS SILVERADO HYBRID 2WD 22.4
GM CIS SIERRA HYBRID 2WD 22.4
Toyota TACOMA 4WD 22.0
GM K15 SILVERADO HYBRID 4WD 21.0
GM K15 SIERRA HYBRID 4WD 21.0
DC DAKOTA PICKUP 2WD 20.9
GM C1500 SILVERADO 2WD
GM C1500 SIERRA 2WD
DC DAKOTA PICKUP 4WD
Toyota TUNDRA 2WD
Ford EXPLORER SPORT TRAC 2WD FFV .
Ford EXPLORER SPORT TRAC 4WD FFV .
GM K1500 SIERRA 4WD 19.2 14.9
GM SSR PICKUP 2WD 19.2 14.5
GM K1500 SILVERADO 4WD 19.1 14.8
Ford F150 PICKUP 2WD 19.0 14.5
Toyota TUNDRA 4WD 19.0 14.9
GM C1500 AVALANCHE 2WD 18.9 14.4
GM K1500 AVALANCHE 4WD 18.5 14.1
Nissan TITAN 2WD 18.4 14.0
DC RAM 1500 PICKUP 2WD 18.4 13.9
Ford F150 PICKUP 4WD 18.2 14.1
Nissan TITAN 4WD 17.9 13.6
DC RAM 1500 PICKUP 4WD 17.5 13.3
GM K1500 SILVERADO AWD 17.3 13.7
SIERRA AWD 17.3 13.7
HD SIERRA 2WD 11.9 9.1
HD SIERRA 4WD 11.9 9.1 11.i
HD SILVERADO 4WD 11.9 9.1 11.i
B-11D
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA420-R-05-001
July 2005
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2005
Appendix C: City and Highway Driving Data
Robert M. Heavenrich D
Advanced Technology DivisionD
Office of Transportation and Air Quality D
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency D
NOTICED
This Technical Report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. D
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. D
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate an exchange q/D
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments. D
-------
Appendix C
City/Highway Driving
Inherent in the "Combined" or "55/45" mpg calculation is the
apportionment of the miles into those for which the "city" mpg
number is an appropriate measure and those for which the
"highway" mpg number is also appropriate.
If the travel of a vehicle or a group of vehicles can be
divided into, say, two modes of travel, then the mpg for that
total travel can be calculated as:
MPG AVE = Total Miles
Total Gallons
If the two modes of travel are urban (represented by the
city mpg) and non-urban (represented by the highway mpg), then
MPG AVE = Urban Miles + Non-Urban Miles
Urban Gallons + Non-Urban Gallons
Noting that gallons = Miles
MPG
MPG AVE = Urban Miles + Non-Urban Miles
Urban Miles + Non-Urban Miles
City MPG Highway MPG
and since city fraction is defined as urban miles/total miles, if
we divide top and bottom by total miles (which equals urban miles
plus non-urban miles), we get
MPG aw = 1
City Fraction + Highway Fraction
City MPG Highway MPG
Looking at just city fraction (CF), since highway fraction
1-CF, and the value for city fraction, we obtain
MPGAVE = 1
City Fraction + 1-CF
City MPG Highway MPG
c-1
-------
Appendix C
For the case where CF = 0.55, we get the "55/45" mpg
definition, namely,
MPG 55/45 = 1
0.55 + 0.45
City MPG Highway MPG
When the combined mpg value was first introduced in the
early 1970s, the appropriate value was 55 percent for the city
fraction and 45 percent for the highway fraction. Even though
these values have been institutionalized, for example, in the
fuel economy standards, they were changing. They were changing
before the 1970s and continue to change. The values, obtained
from the Department of Transportation's VM-1 tables, are listed
in Table C-l. As shown in Figure Cl, the city fraction for both
cars and trucks has increased over the years, reflecting the
larger growth in urban vehicle miles traveled (VMT). This would
be expected to have a larger negative effect on combined mpg
since a higher city fraction weights the city mpg more, and the
city mpg is almost always lower than the highway mpg.
The city fractions and mpg values used for Figure C2 which
shows the effect of CF on average mpg are given in Tables C-2,
C-3 and C-4. The values are all derived from the DOT VM-1 tables
published yearly by the U.S. Department of Transportation in
their publication Highway Statistics.
For the calculations for cars, the car vector was used; for
trucks, the truck vector was used; and for the "both"
calculation, the "both" vector was used. Cars and light trucks
may have had different city fractions in the past, but they are
essentially the same now.
Figure C-2 shows the trends in adjusted
city/highway—weighted mpg versus time for cars, trucks, and cars
and trucks combined. For each strata on this figure, one line
shows the values as estimated with a constant 55/45 value for the
city fraction/ highway fraction; the other line shows the value
using the actual city fraction values.
c-2
-------
Appendix C
Percent City Driving
1966 to 2002
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
Percent City Driving
1960 1970
Figure C1
1980 1990 2000 2010
Model Year
30
Fuel Economy by Model Year
The Influence of City Driving
Adjusted MPG
25-
20-
15-
Percent City Driving
55% (Adjusted MPG)
^^— Each Year s Data
For Cjty Fraction
10
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Model Year
Figure C2
If the adjusted mpg values provide an improved estimate of
the mpg likely to be achieved in actual use, then accounting for
the increase in city fraction should improve the estimate. In
this way, the combined car and light truck laboratory fuel
economy value of 24.6 mpg can be adjusted to 21.0 mpg using the
0.90 and 0.78 city and highway fuel economy adjustment factors,
and if the change in city fraction is accounted for, a value of
20,6 mpg for the combined model year 2005 new vehicle fleet is
obtained (See Table C-3.)
c-3
-------
Appendix C
Table C-l City Fraction from 1966 to 2002
Year
Cars
Both Cars
Trucks and Trucks
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
50
52
52
52
53
53
55
56
56
57
58
59
59
59
59
59
60
61
62
62
61
61
61
61
61
61
62
63
63
63
63
63
62
62
62
62
63
.6
.0
.3
.9
.9
.9
.7
.4
.9
.4
.5
.0
.5
.7
.8
.5
.8
.6
.1
.1
.9
.4
.6
.5
.4
.2
.6
.4
.4
.5
.4
.3
.8
.7
.9
.8
.2
39
41
41
40
40
40
43
45
46
46
47
47
47
48
48
48
49
50
52
55
57
59
60
60
60
60
61
62
62
62
62
61
61
61
61
60
59
.5
.4
.0
.6
.3
.7
.3
.2
.3
.9
.4
.6
.8
. 1
.6
.4
.0
.5
.2
. 1
.6
.7
.1
.2
.3
.3
.8
.7
.7
.6
.3
.5
.6
.0
.0
.7
.7
49
50
51
51
52
52
54
54
55
55
56
56
57
57
57
57
58
59
59
60
60
61
61
61
61
60
62
63
63
63
63
62
62
62
62
62
61
.4
.9
.0
.5
.3
.3
.0
.8
.2
.7
.6
.9
.2
.3
.5
.2
.3
.2
.9
.4
.9
.0
.2
.2
.1
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.3
.2
.1
.2
.0
.7
.4
.0
.2
.1
.9
C-4
-------
Table C-2
Appendix C
Adjusted Fuel Economy of 1975 to 2005 Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
CITY HWY 55/45 PERCENT REVISED
MPG MPG MPG CITY MPG
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
8237
9722
11300
11175
10794
9443
8733
7819
8002
10675
10791
11015
10731
10736
10018
8810
8524
8108
8456
8414
9396
7890
8335
7971
8379
9128
8408
8305
7952
8147
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
806
788
800
773
778
835
827
803
777
761
746
717
722
702
693
698
678
666
640
596
620
600
576
551
551
551
539
515
504
512
12,
13,
14,
15,
15,
18,
19,
20,
19,
20,
20,
21,
21,
21,
21,
21,
21,
20,
21,
21,
21,
21,
21,
21,
21,
21,
21,
21,
21,
21,
.3
. 7
.4
.5
.9
.3
.6
.1
.9
.2
.7
.3
.5
.8
.4
.1
.2
.8
.3
.1
.2
.2
.3
.3
.1
.1
.4
.6
.8
.7
15.2
16.6
17.4
19.1
19.2
22.6
24.2
25.5
25.5
26.0
26.8
27.7
28.0
28.5
28.3
28.1
28.3
28.3
28.8
28.8
29.3
29.3
29.4
29.6
29.2
29.1
29.3
29.3
29.7
29.8
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
20,
21,
22,
22,
22,
23,
23,
24,
24,
24,
23,
23,
23,
24,
24,
24,
24,
24,
24,
24,
24,
24,
24,
24,
24,
.5
.9
.6
.9
.2
.0
.4
.2
.1
.4
.0
.8
.0
.4
.0
.7
.9
.6
.1
.0
.2
.2
.3
.4
.1
.1
.3
.5
. 7
.7
57,
58,
59,
59,
59,
59,
59,
60,
61,
62,
62,
61,
61,
61,
61,
61,
61,
62,
63,
63,
63,
63,
63,
62,
62,
62,
62,
63,
63,
63,
.4%
.5%
. 0%
.5%
.7%
.8%
.5%
.8%
.6%
. 1%
. 1%
.9%
.4%
.6%
.5%
.4%
.2%
.6%
.4%
.4%
.5%
.4%
.3%
.8%
.7%
.9%
.8%
.2%
.2%
.2%
13.4
14.8
15.5
16.8
17.1
19.8
21.2
21.9
21.7
22.1
22.6
23.4
23.6
24.0
23.6
23.3
23.5
23.1
23.5
23.4
23.6
23.6
23.7
23.8
23.5
23.5
23.8
23.9
24.1
24.1
2005
8616 0.502
21.
29.7 24.7
24.1
C-5D
-------
Appendix C
Table C-3
Adjusted Fuel Economy of 1975 to 2005 Trucks
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
CITY HWY 55/45 PERCENT REVISED
MPG MPG MPG CITY MPG
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
1987
2612
2823
3273
3088
1863
1821
1914
2300
3345
3669
4350
4134
4559
4435
3805
4049
4064
4754
5710
5749
5254
6124
6485
6839
7447
7202
7815
7824
7772
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
194
212
200
227
222
165
173
197
223
239
254
283
278
298
307
302
322
334
360
404
380
400
424
449
449
449
461
485
496
488
10
11
12
12
12
14
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
15
16
15
16
15
16
15
15
16
16
.9
.5
.6
.4
.1
.8
.0
.3
.5
.1
.2
.9
.9
.5
.3
.1
.4
.1
.1
.0
.8
.0
.8
.0
. 7
.0
.9
.8
.0
.0
12.7
13.2
14.1
13.7
13.1
17.1
18.6
19.0
19.6
19.3
19.4
20.2
20.7
20.4
20.1
20.2
20.7
20.4
20.7
20.3
20.2
20.7
20.4
20.8
20.3
20.5
20.2
20.3
20.7
20.8
11
12
13
12
12
15
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
17
17
18
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
.6
.2
.3
.9
.5
.8
.1
.4
.8
.4
.5
.3
.4
.1
.8
.7
.1
.8
.9
. 7
.5
.8
.6
.8
.5
. 7
.6
.6
.8
.9
46
47
47
47
48
48
48
49
50
52
55
57
59
60
60
60
60
61
62
62
62
62
61
61
61
61
60
59
58
59
.9%
.4%
.6%
.8%
. 1%
.6%
.4%
. 0%
.5%
.2%
. 1%
.6%
.7%
. 1%
.2%
.3%
.3%
.8%
.7%
.7%
.6%
.3%
.5%
.6%
. 0%
. 0%
.7%
.7%
.7%
.7%
11.8
12.4
13.4
13.0
12.6
15.9
17.3
17.6
17.9
17.5
17.5
18.2
18.3
17.9
17.6
17.5
17.9
17.5
17.6
17.4
17.2
17.5
17.3
17.5
17.2
17.5
17.3
17.4
17.7
17.7
2005
8534 0.498
16.3 21.3 18.2
59.7%
18.0
C-6D
-------
Appendix C
Table C-4
Adjusted Fuel Economy of 1975 to 2005 Both
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
CITY HWY 55/45 PERCENT REVISED
MPG MPG MPG CITY MPG
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
10224
12334
14123
14448
13882
11306
10554
9732
10302
14020
14460
15365
14865
15295
14453
12615
12573
12172
13211
14125
15145
13144
14459
14457
15218
16574
15610
16120
15776
15920
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
12
13
14
14
14
17
18
19
19
19
19
19
20
19
19
19
19
18
19
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
.0
.2
.0
.7
.9
.6
.8
.2
.0
.1
.3
.9
.0
.9
.5
.3
.4
.9
.1
. 7
.8
.7
.6
.5
.3
.4
.4
.3
.5
.5
14.
15.
16.
17.
17.
21.
23.
23.
23.
24.
24.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
24.
25.
25.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
6
7
6
5
4
5
0
9
9
0
4
1
5
5
2
1
3
0
2
7
0
1
8
9
4
5
3
1
4
6
13
14
15
15
15
19
20
21
21
21
21
21
22
22
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
.1
.2
.1
.8
.9
.2
.5
.1
.0
.0
.3
.9
.1
.1
.7
.5
.7
.3
.4
.0
.1
.2
.9
.9
.6
. 7
. 7
.6
.8
.8
55
56
56
57
57
57
57
58
59
59
60
60
61
61
61
61
60
62
63
63
63
63
62
62
62
62
62
61
61
61
.7%
.6%
.9%
.2%
.3%
.5%
.2%
.3%
.2%
.9%
.4%
.9%
. 0%
.2%
.2%
. 1%
.9%
.3%
.2%
. 1%
.2%
. 0%
.7%
.4%
. 1%
.2%
. 1%
.9%
.9%
.9%
13.0
14.2
15.0
15.8
15.9
19.1
20.4
20.9
20.8
20.8
21.1
21.6
21.8
21.8
21.4
21.2
21.4
20.9
21.0
20.5
20.7
20.7
20.5
20.5
20.2
20.3
20.3
20.2
20.4
20.4
2005 17150 1.000
18.6 24.:
21.0
61.9%
20.6
C-7D
-------
Appendix C
Considering the trends in the fuel economy of cars, light
trucks, and the combined fleet, it is usually the case that the
combined 55/45 mpg value is considered. In addition to the city
fraction, the relationship between the highway and the city fuel
economy influences the result of the calculation. Figures C3 and
C4 compare the trend in the ratio of laboratory highway to city
fuel economy, and each year's values for laboratory highway,
combined 55/45, and city fuel economy for conventionally powered
cars and trucks. The overall influence since 1975 has tended
toward a higher value for the highway to city fuel economy ratio
since the highway fuel economy values have generally increased at
faster rate than city fuel economy.
Laboratory Fuel Economy n
Cars with Conventional PowertrainsD
Laboratory Fuel Economyn
Trucks with Conventional PowertrainsD
MPG
Hwy / City Ratio
40
MPG
Hwy/City Ratio
1.2
5
— 1.3
1.2
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Model Year
Figure C3
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Model Year
Figure C4
C-E
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA420-R-05-001
July 2005
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2005
Appendix D: Fuel Economy Distribution Data
Robert M. Heavenrich D
Advanced Technology DivisionD
Office of Transportation and Air Quality D
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency D
NOTICED
This Technical Report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. D
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. D
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate an exchange q/D
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments. D
-------
Appendix D
Table D-l
Cars with the Lowest Adjusted MPG by Model Year
Model Manufacturer Model Name
Year
1975 GM Toronado
1976 Jaguar Jensen
1977 Rolls Royce Rolls Royce
1978 Dodge Monaco
1979 Aston Martin Aston Martin
Aston Martin
605
Quattroporte
Quattroporte
Quattroporte
Inertia
Weight Drive Trans GearE
5500 Front Auto
4500 Rear Auto
5500 Rear Auto
5000 Rear Auto 3
4500 Rear Manual 5
Subcompact
Compact
Midsize
Midsi ze
Midsize
HP
CID
1990 Aston Martin Aston Martin
1991 Vector W8
1992 Vector W8
1993 Vector W8
1994 Lamborghini DB132
1995 Ferrari F50
1996 Lamborghini M12
1997 Lamborghini DB132
1998 Ferrari 550
1999 Ferrari 550
2000 Ferrari 550
2001 Ferrari 550
2002 Lamborghini L147
2003 Ferrari Enzo
2004 Lamborghini L147
2005 Lamborghini L147
5000 Rear Lockup
4000 Rear Auto
4000 Rear Auto
4000 Rear Auto
4000 4wd Manual
3000 Rear Manual
4000 Rear Manual
4000 4wd Manual
4000 Rear Manual
4000 Rear Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Auto
Manual
Manual
Port
D-1D
-------
Appendix D
Table D-2
Cars with the Highest Adjusted MPG by Model Year
Model Manufacturer Model Name
Year
Civic CVCC
Civic CVCC
Civic CVCC
Rabbit
Rabbit
SA310
Sprint
Sprint
Sprint
Civic CRX
Metro XFI
Metro XFI
Metro XFI
Metro XFI
Metro XFI
Civic HB
Swift
Metro
Metro
Beetle
Insight
Insight
Insight
Insight
Insight
Insight
Inertia
Weight Drive Trans Geare
Fuel HP CID
Induct
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
5
^
4
5
5
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
IT
|T
5
IT
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
^
5
^
^
^
Carb
Carb
Carb
Diesel
Diesel
Diesel
Diesel
Diesel
Diesel
Carb
Carb
Carb
Carb
Carb
Port
TBI
TBI
TBI
TBI
TBI
Port
TBI
TBI
TBI
Diesel
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
52
60
60
48
48
48
52
52
55
60
48
46
46
46
62
49
55
55
55
55
91
55
55
55
90
67
67
67
67
67
90
91
91
90
90
90
97
97
103
82
61
61
61
61
91
61
61
61
61
61
91
61
61
60
116
61
61
61
61
61
C- Fuel Economy ->
City Hwy. 55/45
25.4 33.0 28.3
28.4 33.4 30.5
35.7 40.2 37.6
35.2 40.7 37.5
36.7 42.6 39.1
Front Manual
Port
61
D-2D
-------
Table D-3
Appendix D
Trucks with the Lowest Adjusted Fuel Economy by Model Year
Inertia Drive Trans. Gear;
Weight
Fuel HP CID
-------
Appendix D
Table D-4
1975 Nissan
1976 Ford
1977 Mazda
1978 Ford
1979 Mazda
Trucks with the Highest Adjusted Fuel Economy by Model Year
Inertia Drive Trans.
Weight
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Pickup
Pickup
Pickup
Pickup
P UP Pickup
Samari
Samari
Samari
Samari
Samari
Small Pickup
Midsize Pickup
Midsize Pickup
Midsize Pickup
Midsize Pickup
Small Pickup
Small Pickup
Small Pickup
Small Pickup
Small Pickup
Small SUV 2500
Midsize Pickup 3000
Midsize Pickup 3000
Small SUV 2750
Small SUV 3000
Front Manual
Front Manual
Front Manual
Front Manual
Rear Manual
5
5 Diesel 48
5 Diesel 52
4 Diesel 52
4 Diesel 5 2
4 Diesel 6 2
4wd Manual
Rear Manual
Rear Manual
Rear Manual
4wd Manual
4wd Manual
Rear Manual
Rear Manual
4wd Manual
4wd Manual
Manual 5 Port
Front Manual 5
Escape Hybrid Midsize SU\
Rear Lockup
Front Manual
Front Lockup
4000 Front CVT
Port
Port
Port
Port
114
148
144
140
118
122
161
D-4D
-------
Table D-5
Appendix D
Sales Weighted Percentile Distribution of
Adjusted Car Fuel Economy
Louex
Year
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
0%
8.
8.
8.
8.
7.
7.
4.
8.
8.
8.
8.
7.
7.
7.
7.
9.
8.
8.
8.
11.
8.
10.
10.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9.
10.
,4
, 6
,3
, 0
, 9
, 9
, 0
,5
,5
,5
,5
,5
,5
,5
,5
,3
, 6
, 6
, 6
, 0
, 8
,3
, 9
,0
,7
, 0
, 0
,4
,2
,6
5%
9
11
11
12
13
14
15
16
16
17
17
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
19
.8
.2
.6
.6
.1
.8
.8
.6
.5
.0
.8
.8
.7
.4
.5
.3
.6
.4
.5
.7
.6
.9
.9
.7
.9
.3
.2
.3
.2
.8
10%
10.
11.
12.
13.
13.
15.
17.
17.
17.
17.
18.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
20.
20.
20.
20.
19.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
, 1
,7
,4
,2
,7
, 9
, 0
, 0
,0
,3
,4
, 6
,3
, 6
, 8
,6
, 1
,2
,3
, 1
, 9
,3
,5
,8
, 8
,7
, 6
, 9
, 8
,8
20%
11.0
12.3
13.6
14.2
14.7
17.2
18.3
18.2
17.8
18.1
19.5
20.4
21.0
21.5
21.1
21.6
21.3
21.1
21.8
21.3
22.1
22.0
21.8
22.0
22.1
22.3
21.9
22.3
22.2
22.1
25%
11,
12,
14,
14,
15,
17,
18,
19,
18,
19,
19,
20,
21,
22,
22,
21,
21,
21,
21,
21,
22,
22,
21,
22,
22,
22,
22,
22,
22,
22,
.2
.7
.0
. 9
. 1
. 6
. 6
. 1
.4
.3
. 9
. 6
.4
. 6
. 1
.7
. 6
. 1
. 9
. 9
.3
. 1
. 9
.2
.3
.3
.2
.7
. 8
.9
50%
13
14
15
16
16
19
21
23
22
22
23
24
24
24
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
24
23
23
23
23
24
24
24
.1
.6
.0
.9
.9
.8
.6
.4
.3
.9
.1
.5
.1
.6
.6
.6
.7
.0
.8
.4
.7
.5
.0
.8
.5
.2
.5
.0
.6
.9
75%
16,
17,
17,
19,
20,
23,
25,
26,
26,
26,
26,
26,
27,
27,
26,
26,
26,
26,
26,
26,
27,
26,
27,
26,
25,
25,
27,
26,
27,
27,
.7
.3
.3
.8
.4
.1
.5
.0
.7
.5
. 7
.8
.4
.5
.8
.5
. 7
.2
.8
.8
.1
.8
.0
.5
.9
.7
.0
.8
.0
.5
80%
17.9
18.9
18.9
21.3
21.9
24.0
26.2
27.2
28.0
27.3
27 .7
27.9
28.0
28.1
27.6
26.9
27.1
26.7
28.2
27.5
28.1
27.5
27.9
27.8
26.8
26.7
27.6
27.3
27.5
27.6
90%
20,
22,
24,
25,
24,
26,
28,
29,
31,
29,
29,
30,
30,
31,
29,
29,
30,
29,
30,
29,
30,
30,
30,
31,
29,
29,
30,
29,
30,
30,
.9
.9
.3
.0
.9
.6
.6
.6
.2
.9
.9
.3
.7
.0
.7
.0
.0
.6
.0
.5
.5
.6
.2
.0
.8
.4
.6
.8
.8
.8
95%
23
24
28
28
26
29
31
32
33
32
33
33
31
32
31
31
32
32
32
31
32
32
31
31
31
30
33
32
32
32
.3
.5
.0
.2
.5
.1
.6
.6
.4
.8
.6
.9
.8
.6
.7
.6
.2
.5
.9
.6
.9
.6
.4
.6
.2
.8
.1
.7
.1
.7
«.(_: uud-L.
100% Average
28,
30,
37,
37,
39,
40,
40,
42,
45,
48,
49,
57,
55,
55,
52,
55,
55,
55,
55,
55,
50,
46,
46,
45,
44,
64,
64,
63,
63,
62,
.3
.5
.6
.5
.1
.3
.9
.7
.3
.0
.6
.2
.6
.6
.0
.4
.4
.4
.4
.8
.4
.5
.2
.6
. 7
.9
.2
.9
.8
.6
13.5
14.9
15.6
16.9
17.2
20.0
21.4
22.2
22.1
22.4
23.0
23.8
24.0
24.4
24.0
23.7
23.9
23.6
24.1
24.0
24.2
24.2
24.3
24.4
24.1
24.1
24.3
24.5
24.7
24.7
2005
10.6 19.7 20.7 22.1 22.5 24.9 28.0 28.1 30.4 32.7 63.0
24.7
D-5D
-------
Table D6
Appendix D
Sales Weighted Percentile Distribution of Truck Fuel Economy
Luuesj.
Year
1975
1976
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
^^
0%
7.
7.
8.
7.
8.
9.
10.
10.
9.
9.
10.
10.
9.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
11.
12.
12.
12.
11.
10.
10.
, 6
, 8
, 0
, 9
,4
,4
, 1
,3
,5
, 6
,4
, 1
, 9
,4
, 1
, 6
, 6
,7
,5
,5
, 6
,3
,4
, 9
, 1
,3
, 0
,2
, 8
, 1
8
9
10
9
11
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
14
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
5%
.9
.6
.3
.2
.4
.5
.1
.1
.0
.5
.6
.9
.0
.9
.7
.0
.2
.2
.2
.1
.3
.2
.1
.0
.3
.0
.6
.5
.7
.1
10%
9.
10.
10.
9.
12.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
15.
14.
14.
15.
14.
15.
15.
15.
15.
,2
, 0
, 6
, 6
, 1
,4
,3
, 6
,2
,7
,4
,3
,4
, 6
,2
,7
, 6
, 8
,5
,3
, 8
, 0
,7
,4
, 1
,7
,2
, 1
,4
, 6
20%
9
10
11
10
13
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
16
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
15
15
15
15
16
.6
.4
.0
.3
.2
.8
.8
.9
.7
.0
.1
.1
.5
.3
.1
.0
.6
.7
.3
.4
.3
.5
.4
.3
.0
.7
.8
.6
.9
.0
±rt±i t_;t±ii L.j_-Lt±
25% 50%
9,
10,
11,
10,
13,
15,
15,
15,
15,
14,
15,
16,
15,
15,
15,
16,
16,
16,
15,
15,
15,
16,
16,
15,
16,
15,
15,
16,
16,
16,
. 8
.5
. 1
.7
.4
.2
.2
.4
. 1
. 8
.7
. 1
.7
. 6
.7
.5
. 1
.3
.8
. 6
.7
. 0
. 0
. 9
. 1
. 9
. 9
. 1
.3
.2
11
11
12
12
16
16
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
17
18
17
18
17
17
18
17
18
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
.7
.9
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.3
.7
.6
.6
.7
.8
.9
.6
.9
.2
.7
.4
.0
.5
.0
.6
.7
.4
.1
.4
.6
.1
J_lt±Vt±J_
75%
13,
14,
15,
15,
19,
20,
20,
22,
20,
20,
21,
21,
20,
20,
19,
20,
19,
19,
20,
19,
19,
19,
20,
19,
19,
19,
19,
20,
20,
20,
.3
.1
.7
.5
.2
.3
.9
.0
.5
.8
.9
.5
.4
.3
.5
.0
.9
.9
.1
.6
.9
.3
.2
.4
.6
.8
.7
.3
.2
.5
80%
15
15
16
16
20
21
22
22
21
21
23
22
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
.4
.6
.3
.1
.3
.6
.8
.8
.5
.7
.0
.8
.8
.6
.8
.6
.6
.3
.3
.9
.2
.0
.5
.2
.4
.1
.4
.7
.6
.1
90%
17,
17,
19,
19,
22,
25,
24,
25,
24,
23,
23,
23,
23,
23,
22,
23,
22,
22,
23,
22,
22,
22,
22,
21,
21,
21,
21,
22,
21,
21,
.8
.2
.3
.4
.2
.0
.3
.1
.3
.7
.9
.9
.6
.0
.8
.3
. 7
.3
.3
.3
.7
.0
.8
.2
.3
.7
.5
.1
.9
.9
95%
19.0
19.7
22.3
20.7
23.1
26.6
26.4
26.5
25.9
25.0
25.5
26.1
25.3
24.6
24.6
24.6
24.0
24.4
24.1
24.4
23.7
24.1
23.8
23.0
23.0
23.3
23.5
23.5
23.0
23.4
x'x' A.(_:UUeL.
100% Averagi
20,
23,
27,
25,
38,
36,
37,
38,
36,
36,
36,
36,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
26,
26,
26,
26,
26,
27,
33,
34,
26,
33,
.8
.0
.8
.9
.3
.0
.0
.2
.1
.1
.1
.4
.2
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.7
.7
.2
.4
.4
.2
.1
.1
.3
.3
11.6
24.5
12.9
12.5
15.8
17.1
17.4
17.8
17.4
17.5
18.3
18.4
18.1
17.8
17.7
18.1
17.8
17.9
17.7
17.5
17.8
17.6
17.8
17.5
17.7
17.6
17.6
17.8
17.9
18.2
D-6D
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA420-R-05-001
July 2005
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2005
Appendix E: Data Stratified by Vehicle Type
Robert M. Heavenrich D
Advanced Technology DivisionD
Office of Transportation and Air Quality D
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency D
NOTICED
This Technical Report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. D
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. D
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate an exchange q/D
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments. D
-------
Appendix E
Table E-l
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD CID
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
0 .
o .
o .
0 .
0,
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
. &90
.678
.660
.668
.662
.661
. 669
.649
.641
. 603
.570
.595
.580
.556
.534
.534
.532
.510
.488
.472
.468
.459
2 6
2 6
28
28
28
28
27
28
27
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
29
29
. 3
. 9
. 0
. 2
.6
.8
.0
.6
. 1
.0
. 3
. 3
.4
.5
. 2
. 2
.5
. 8
. 9
.0
.1
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
E-1D
-------
Table E-2
Appendix E
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Wagons
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
ENGINE
CID HP
Percent of Wagons:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
GARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
E-2D
-------
Table E-3
Appendix E
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Cars and Wagons
MODEL
YEAR
SALES
(000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGLNE 0-60 TOP
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
WT
TON CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG -MPG TON-MPG
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
8237
9722
11300
11175
10794
9443
8733
7819
8002
10675
10791
11015
10731
10736
10018
8810
8524
8108
8456
8414
9396
7890
8335
7971
8379
9128
8408
8305
7952
8147
8616
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 ,
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
.806
.788
.800
.773
.778
.835
.827
. 803
.777
.761
.746
.717
.722
.702
. 693
. 698
.678
,666
.640
.596
.620
. 600
,576
.551
.551
.551
.539
515
504
512
502
Percent of Cars and Wagons:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
E-3D
-------
Table E-4
Appendix E
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Vans
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
CID
NE 0-60
HP
143
146
152
149
144
130
129
132
136
126
129
127
142
147
146
149
148
152
155
159
159
170
174
180
183
183
202
199
201
209
210
TIME
13.
13.
13.
13.
14 .
15.
15.
15.
15.
14 .
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
12 .
12.
12 .
12.
11 .
11.
11.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
. 9
.7
. 3
.4
. 6
. 2
. 3
. 2
.0
. 9
. 3
.5
. 3
.0
.1
.0
.1
. 9
.6
.4
^
.8
,8
3
4
4
9
8
7
7
5
TOP
SPD
113
114
116
115
111
108
108
109
109
108
110
109
114
116
115
116
115
116
118
119
119
122
123
125
125
125
129
129
130
131
132
HP/
CID
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
.448
.447
.458
.453
.451
.459
.458
.463
.465
.538
.578
.588
.657
. 671
.679
.682
.701
.705
.730
.721
708
790
802
840
832
857
897
929
929
935
969
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
HP/
WT
. 0339
.0345
.0357
.0350
. 0316
, 0295
. 0294
. 0301
.0305
. 0305
.0321
. 0316
.0355
. 0362
.0359
. 0363
0358
0365
0377
0383
0386
0407
0410
0431
0424
0427
0447
0455
0459
0462
0470
TON
-MPG
23 .
25.
26.
26.
26.
31 .
32 .
32 .
3 3
33.
33 .
35.
35.
36 .
36.
37 .
38.
38 .
38.
38 .
38.
40.
40.
40.
41.
41.
43.
43.
44 .
44 .
45.
.8
.2
9
. 1
.5
. 0
.3
.3
T
.4
.4
3
.6
8
. 9
.4
.0
. 2
.4
. 3
4
0
1
7
1
8
0
5
2
9
6
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
E-4D
-------
Table E-5
Appendix E
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 SUVs
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
SALES
(000) FRAC
187
243
283
380
400
185
136
162
289
625
735
774
873
968
926
708
1095
1003
1311
1623
1816
1889
2450
2581
2831
3143
3450
4191
4117
4648
4442
0
0
0.
0.
0.
0 ,
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
n
0 .
.018
.020
.020
.026
.029
.016
.013
.017
.028
. 045
.051
.050
.059
. 063
.064
.056
.087
.082
.099
. 115
.120
. 144
,169
.179
.186
190
221
260
261
292
259
< FUEL EC
LAB ADJ
55,
13
13
15
14
12
15
16.
17 .
19.
19 .
19.
20.
20.
20 .
20.
19 .
20.
19.
19.
19.
19.
20 .
20 .
20 .
20.
20.
20.
20.
20 .
20
21 .
'45
. 0
.8
.1
.4
.6
.5
.8
. 6
. 1
. 3
.8
. 2
. 6
.4
.0
. 8
. 3
. 9
. 9
. 7
.6
.0
.1
. 1
.1
.1
.8
.6
.8
9
CITY
10
11
12.
11.
10.
12 .
13.
14 .
15.
15 .
15.
15.
16.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
16.
15.
16.
16 .
16.
. 6
.1
.2
. 6
.4
.5
.4
. 0
.0
. 1
.4
. 8
.1
. 9
.6
.4
T
.4
. 3
.3
.1
.3
,5
.4
. 5
5
1
8
0
n
2
ONOMY
ADJ
HWY
11.
12.
13.
13.
10.
14 .
15.
16.
18.
18 .
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
20.
20.
20 .
20
21 .
. 6
. 5
.7
.2
9
.1
.5
.4
.1
.3
. 3
3
. 9
. 7
.2
, 2
.8
. 3
.5
.2
.1
.8
7
8
8
6
3
3
7
8
ADJ
55,
11 .
11 .
12.
12.
10.
13.
14 .
15.
16.
16 .
16.
17.
17.
17 .
17.
16.
17.
16.
17.
16.
16.
17.
17.
17 .
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17 .
18 .
'45
. 0
.7
.8
. 3
. 6
.2
q
. 0
, 2
. 4
. 9
.2
.6
.4
.0
. 9
.3
. 9
.0
8
.7
1
1
1
.2
1
8
6
8
8
1
WGHT
LB
4202
4312
4232
4270
4509
4236
4208
4349
4137
3999
4018
3921
3840
3859
4017
4045
4070
4085
4157
4209
4255
4283
4329
4340
4400
4458
4377
4508
4611
4640
4649
ENG
CID
328
335
332
339
331
294
290
294
25^
227
216
207
209
219
242
232
229
229
242
237
241
252
246
246
245
245
229
236
238
245
239
INE
HP
146
141
143
149
143
131
131
129
124
120
122
127
136
144
155
154
158
165
179
177
176
185
186
188
198
200
206
221
226
236
236
0-60
TIME
13.
14 .
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
15.
15.
15.
15.
14 .
13.
12 .
12.
12 .
12.
12 .
11.
11 .
11.
11.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9 .
10.
. 3
.0
. 6
.2
.4
t 7
.4
. 0
.0
n
.0
.1
. 3
8
.4
.5
. 3
.0
.4
. 6
.7
3
3
3
9
9
5
2
2
9
0
TOP
SPD
115
112
113
114
111
109
109
108
108
107
107
110
114
116
119
118
119
121
125
124
123
126
125
126
129
129
131
135
135
138
137
HP/
CID
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
o
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
1 .
.441
.416
.431
.437
.438
.453
.460
.453
.520
. 559
.590
. 657
.686
.686
.665
. 696
.703
737
754
763
755
753
781
788
838
843
928
960
974
983
006
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
n
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
HP/
WT
. 0352
.0327
. 0339
.0348
.0321
, 0304
. 0312
. 0300
.0301
0300
.0300
. 0324
.0354
. 0372
0388
0383
0389
0408
0434
0423
0417
0434
0430
0433
0450
0448
0470
0491
0490
0509
0506
TO
-MP
23 .
25.
27.
26.
24 .
28.
30.
33 .
34 .
33 .
34 .
34 .
33 .
33 .
34 .
34 .
35.
34 .
35.
35.
35.
36.
^ 7
37 .
37 .
38 .
38.
39.
40.
41 .
42 .
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
E-5D
-------
Table E-6
Appendix E
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Pickups
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
SALES
(000) FRAC
1343
1866
2026
2267
2207
1437
1440
1441
1628
2043
2078
2532
2146
2459
2231
1834
1920
1840
2002
2669
2271
1955
2408
2415
2545
2613
2519
2381
2474
2013
2462
0
0
0
0.
0.
0,
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
n
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.131
.151
.143
.157
.159
.127
. 136
. 148
.158
. 146
.144
.165
.144
. 161
.154
.145
.153
.151
.152
. 189
.150
. 149
,167
. 167
.167
.158
.161
.148
.157
. 126
.144
< FUEL EC
LAB ADJ
55,
14
14
16
15
15
19
21
21
22
21 .
21 .
22 .
21 .
21 .
20 .
21 .
20 .
21 .
21 .
20.
20 .
20 .
20 .
19.
20.
19.
19.
19.
20.
20 .
'45
. 0
.6
.0
T
.5
.4
. 0
_ 7
.2
.5
. 4
^
.5
.2
_ 7
.7
. 9
. 1
0
.4
. 8
.4
. 7
. 9
.5
.6
.5
. 9
.0
.0
CITY
11
11
12
12.
12.
15.
16.
17 .
17.
16.
16 .
17.
17.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
15.
16.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
.1
.7
9
.8
.7
.5
_ 7
. 2
^
. 9
. 6
.7
.8
. 5
.1
.8
.1
. 3
, 2
^
. 0
, 7
. 9
. 3
.8
.1
.0
.4
.5
.4
ONOMY
ADJ
HWY
13.
13.
14.
14 .
13.
17 .
19.
20 .
20.
20 .
20 .
20 .
21.
20 .
20.
20 .
21.
20 .
20.
20
20.
20.
20.
20.
19.
20.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
. 1
.4
. 5
. 1
9
, 9
.5
. 3
9
•2
. 1
. 9
.4
. 6
.3
. 1
, 2
. 6
.8
, 6
.1
.5
•^
, 6
.6
.0
, 2
.0
.4
.5
8
ADJ
55,
11 .
12.
13.
13.
13.
16.
17 .
18 .
18.
18 .
18 .
18.
19.
18.
18.
17 .
18.
17 .
18.
17 .
17.
17 .
17.
17 .
17.
17.
16.
16.
17.
17.
17 .
'45
. 9
.4
. 6
. 3
.2
.5
. 9
.5
. 9
q
. 9
, 2
. 3
.0
.7
.5
. 9
.0
Q
.4
.7
,5
.7
.0
.5
.7
6
0
1
1
WGHT
LB
4012
4122
4092
4104
4142
3740
3679
3629
3544
3619
3642
3574
3526
3737
3803
3928
3779
3976
3996
4056
4182
4190
4415
4282
4487
4340
4552
4690
4642
4744
4905
ENG
CID
306
316
312
306
287
236
237
228
212
215
221
206
202
229
236
246
232
244
244
247
256
251
264
252
267
255
269
271
264
266
279
INE
HP
141
139
146
144
136
118
115
116
112
114
123
120
123
138
143
151
146
151
156
163
167
178
195
190
205
203
216
226
223
233
255
0-60
TIME
13.
13.
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
13 .
13.
13.
12 .
12.
12.
12.
12 .
12 .
12 .
12.
11 .
11.
11 .
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9.
.5
9
. 3
.4
.2
.4
.5
. 3
.4
.5
. 7
. 7
.4
.9
T
.4
.4
.5
, 2
n
.0
.5
, 1
, 2
. 9
.8
.6
.4
.5
3
8
TOP
SPD
114
112
115
114
111
108
108
109
108
108
110
110
112
115
116
118
117
117
119
121
121
124
127
127
129
130
132
134
133
136
140
HP/
CID
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
o
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
.490
.465
. 4 95
.496
.502
.549
.521
.545
.565
.563
. 588
.623
.638
.627
.632
. 647
.658
. 643
.666
. 687
.687
.737
,756
.773
,776
803
811
838
847
878
916
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
n
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
HP/
WT
. 0349
. 0337
. 0355
. 0349
.0326
.0314
.0311
. 0320
, 0315
.0313
. 0335
.0336
.0347
. 0364
. 0372
. 0383
.0384
. 0378
.0389
0400
.0398
.0421
0439
0439
0452
0461
0470
0480
0475
0489
0517
T
-M
24
26
28
28
28
31
33
34
34
33
34
34
34
34
35
35
35
36
36
36
37
38
38
38
-^ 7
38
38
39
40
41
TON
7 .5
Percent of Pickups:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING D
FI PORT TBI
CARB D DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
0
0
0
0
1
21.
27
29
28
29
33
30
28
38
41
49
46
52
55
5 9
5 9
64
74
71
81
82
87
89
88
91
90
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 3
. 9
.5
.5
.0
.3
. 7
.4
. 9
.8
.5
.8
.4
. 1
. 3
.0
.5
.0
. 7
.1
.5
.5
. 1
.6
. 8
.1
.0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
0.
0 .
0 .
1 .
15.
38 .
58.
83.
89.
93 .
96.
96.
97 .
9 9
100.
9 9 ,
qq
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.6
. 2
.1
. 0
. 9
. 8
. 9
T
. 9
.8
. 7
. 6
. 9
.0
.8
q
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
21
26
35
38
52
47
58
61
69
69
9 9
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 2
. 9
.4
.8
.4
. 9
.0
. 2
.5
.5
.8
q
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
0
0
0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0
o
0
0
17
32
48
51
41
48
38
36
29
30
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 3
. 6
.0
.3
.1
.4
t 7
. 6
_ 7
.7
.5
.0
n
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
100.
100.
100.
98 .
97 .
94 .
92.
89.
95.
96.
82 .
60.
40.
16.
10.
6.
3 ,
3 ,
2 ,
0.
0.
0.
o
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
.0
. 0
.0
.8
|T
.8
^
.5
.5
. 3
.8
. 6
.8
. 1
.0
.0
. 2
. 2
. 1
.8
. 0
.0
0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
n o.
n o.
n o.
n i.
n 2.
n 4 .
n 7.
10.
4 .
2 .
1 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
.0
. 0
.0
. 2
s
.2
. 1
. 3
.4
_ 7
. 2
. 6
. 3
.2
.2
.2
. 2
. 1
. 0
.0
. 0
.2
. 1
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
E-6D
-------
Table E-7
Appendix E
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Trucks
MODEL
YEAR
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
ENGINE 0-60 TOP
CID HP TIME SPD
HP/
CID
HP/ TON
WT -MPG
Percent of Trucks:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVESD
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
E-7D
-------
Table E-E
MODEL
YEAR
Appendix E
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Light Vehicles
< FUEL ECONOMY >
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
10224
12334
14123
14448
13882
11306
10554
9732
10302
14020
14460
15365
14865
15295
14453
12615
12573
12172
13211
14125
15145
13144
14459
14457
15218
16574
15610
16120
15776
15920
17150
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Percent of Light Vehicles:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
AD
55/
13.
14 .
15.
15.
15.
19.
20 .
21.
21.
21 .
21.
21.
22.
22.
21.
21 .
21.
21.
21 .
21 .
21.
21 .
20 .
20 .
20.
20.
20.
20.
20 .
20 .
21 .
J
45
1
2
1
8
9
2
5
1
0
0
^
9
1
1
T
5
^
3
4
0
1
2
9
9
6
7
7
6
8
8
0
WGHT
LB
4060
4079
3981
3715
3655
3227
3201
3201
3257
3261
3271
3237
3220
3283
3351
3426
3409
3512
3518
3603
3612
3658
3727
3744
3835
3821
3879
3950
3998
4037
4089
ENG
CID
293
294
287
266
252
198
193
188
193
190
189
180
175
180
185
185
184
191
191
197
196
197
199
199
203
200
201
203
204
207
209
INE
HP
137
135
136
129
124
104
102
103
107
109
114
114
118
123
129
135
138
145
147
152
158
164
169
171
179
181
187
195
199
206
212
0-60
TIME
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
13.
14.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
13.
12 .
12.
12.
12.
11 .
11.
11 .
11 .
11 .
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9.
. 1
. 3
. 8
. 6
9
, 3
. 4
. 4
. 1
. 0
^
.4
. 1
8
.5
. 2
i
8
8
7
3
1
0
9
7
6
5
2
2
0
9
TOP
SPD
112
111
112
112
110
107
107
107
108
109
110
111
112
114
115
117
118
120
120
121
123
125
126
126
128
129
130
132
133
135
136
HP/
CID
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1 .
1 .
. 507
. 493
.510
.525
.532
,574
. 580
. 593
599
.618
. 650
. 678
.710
. 726
.743
781
796
807
809
816
857
878
890
904
921
942
968
994
007
025
044
0
0
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
HP/
WT
.0335
.0328
. 0339
.0344
.0335
. 0320
.0318
. 0320
. 0327
.0332
.0347
.0351
.0361
. 0372
.0382
.0394
.0402
.0413
.0416
.0420
.0438
.0447
,0452
0457
0465
0472
0480
0493
0496
0509
0514
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVESD
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
73.4
E-8D
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA420-R-05-001
July 2005
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2005
Appendix F: Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Size
Robert M. Heavenrich D
Advanced Technology DivisionD
Office of Transportation and Air Quality D
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency D
NOTICED
This Technical Report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. D
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. D
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate an exchange q/D
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments. D
-------
Appendix F
Table F-l
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 SMALL CAR
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGLNE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD CID WT
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
Percent of SMALL CAR:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
TRANSMI
MANUAL
33
29
30
42
48
52
54
50
48
41
3 9
40
38
36
33
31
32
29
30
27
26
24
22
22
19
20
20
20
20
26
24
. 9
. 3
.6
.5
8
.0
8
.6
. 1
.8
. 0
~j
. 0
. 8
. 7
.1
.4
.0
T
.8
.5
. 7
. 1
. 7
.8
.4
.8
. 0
. 2
. 6
SSION
LOCK
0
0
0
5
0
4
7
26
33
37
37
41
44
51
51
56
59
60
61
65
70
73
76
77
79
77
77
77
78
71
70
. 0
.0
.0
.2
.0
.1
.8
_ 7
.7
. 6
.8
_ 7
.7
. 6
.8
. 9
.0
. 3
.2
.7
.4
.1
.0
.2
. 3
^
.8
. 9
.0
.0
_ 7
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
14 .
13.
18.
10.
F-1D
-------
Appendix F
Table F-2
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 MID-SIZE CAR
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD CID WT
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
4630
4558
4473
3820
3710
3362
3346
3321
3316
3318
3318
3241
3247
3293
3314
3450
3412
3515
3515
3529
3546
3527
3551
3534
3540
3550
3566
3549
3567
3544
3577
112.
113.
113.
113.
113.
113.
113.
113.
113.
113.
113.
113.
113.
113.
113.
113.
113.
113.
114.
114 .
114.
114 .
114.
113.
113.
114 .
114.
114 .
114.
. 9
. 0
. 1
.2
. 9
9
.8
.7
. 6
.8
_ 7
.4
. 6
.7
^
. 9
. 9
.5
. 3
. 1
. 5
. 0
.0
. 6
.7
.8
. 6
. 9
|T
353
343
332
292
272
228
220
211
212
210
205
194
188
183
181
187
191
191
192
189
189
181
184
177
175
174
175
177
174
173
172
158
156
151
135
128
113
107
107
111
113
117
118
123
129
131
140
146
151
153
155
166
162
170
169
170
178
180
185
189
188
190
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
13.
13.
12 .
12 .
12.
12.
11 .
11.
11 .
11 .
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9.
9 ,
9.
9 .
. 9
.8
. 9
.4
. 6
.8
. 2
.8
.6
. 3
.0
. 7
. 3
.0
.5
.5
.4
.4
. 7
. 9
.6
.5
.5
. 2
.1
8
. 7
8
.8
115
114
114
113
112
109
108
108
109
110
112
113
114
116
117
119
121
122
123
123
127
126
128
128
128
131
132
134
135
135
135
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
.447
.454
.454
.464
.474
.512
.509
.529
.544
.563
. 606
.640
. 684
.718
. 735
.758
.773
.801
.812
. 827
.889
. 906
. 933
. 965
.984
.027
.034
.055
.096
.093
.104
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0341
.0340
.0337
.0353
.0345
.0336
.0322
.0324
.0336
.0342
.0354
.0364
. 0379
.0389
.0396
.0407
.0428
.0427
.0434
.0437
.0465
.0459
.0476
.0477
.0480
.0499
.0503
.0519
.0529
.0528
.0526
Percent of MID-SIZE CAR:
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
F-2D
-------
Appendix F
Table F-3
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 LARGE CAR
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD CID WT
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1555
1679
2319
2048
2111
963
956
832
1079
1236
1512
1267
1218
1303
1289
1092
1012
1240
1103
1277
1306
1066
1195
913
1059
1665
1416
1252
1261
1278
1494
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0,
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.152
.136
. 164
.142
. 152
.085
.091
.085
.105
.088
. 105
.082
.082
.085
.089
.087
.080
.102
.084
.090
.086
.081
.083
.063
.070
. 100
.091
. 078
.080
.080
.087
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
31
55
60
58
61
69
59
58
64
69
71
67
7 2
74
7 2
80
79
86
77
76
.5
.5
.5
.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 9
. 9
. 9
. 7
. 9
. 0
.8
.5
.8
. 7
.4
. 2
.5
. 9
. 3
.6
.1
.0
4WD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
1
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
.1
.0
. 3
.0
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
2 .4
00.
98.
99 .
98.
96.
8 7
67 .
69.
60.
60.
35.
18.
14 .
10.
3 .
1 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
. 0
.8
.5
.5
.4
.5
_ 7
. 9
.3
. 3
.7
.8
. 9
.5
. 0
. 1
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
0 .
0.
0.
1 .
3 .
10.
15.
10.
2.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
. 0
.0
.0
.4
.5
.4
. 2
.0
.4
. 8
. 3
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 1
.0
.0
.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
F-3D
-------
Appendix F
Table F-4
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 SMALL WAGON
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
477
345
384
361
310
310
418
382
531
461
496
348
361
253
159
160
209
143
301
206
198
90
149
99
78
68
212
236
338
380
338
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0,
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.047
.028
.027
.025
. 022
.027
.040
.039
.052
.033
. 034
. 023
.024
.017
.011
.013
.017
.012
.023
.015
.013
. 007
.010
. 007
.005
.004
.014
.015
.021
.024
.020
22
23
25
24
2 5 .
28
30
30
32
31
32
31
30
31
31
29
30
30
32
32
33
31
32
32
31
29
27
2 6
30
31
30
.4
. 9
.5
•^
. 7
.6
. 0
.6
. 9
.5
.0
. 7
. 3
.5
.6
.6
. 2
.5
. 9
.3
. 6
. 1
.5
. 2
. 3
. 1
. 2
.5
. 9
17.
18.
20.
19.
20 .
23.
2 3 .
25.
24.
25.
24.
24 .
24 .
24.
2 3 .
2 3 .
23.
25.
25.
25.
24 .
24.
24 .
2 3 .
2 2 .
20.
19.
23.
24 .
24.
.4
.7
. 2
•2
3
. 6
. 6
9
. 3
9
.4
.4
. 1
.8
.8
. 1
.7
. 3
.0
. 0
.5
. 1
. 5
. 3
9
. 0
9
. 9
.4
. 6
.0
21.
22.
23.
22 .
24 .
27 .
28 .
2 9 .
30.
30.
30.
29.
29.
29.
2 9
28.
2 9 .
29.
32.
33.
33.
31 .
32.
32 .
32.
30.
27 .
2 6 .
29,
30,
2 9 ,
. 6
. 9
.8
. 9
3
.0
.5
.4
.5
.7
. 9
. 3
. 2
. 3
9
.3
.7
.5
.2
. 0
. 3
.5
.5
. 6
.0
. 1
. 1
. 2
. 3
.4
. 9
19.
20.
21 .
20 .
21 .
24 .
25.
26.
27.
27.
2 7 .
2 6 ,
2 6 .
2 6 .
26.
25.
26.
25.
27.
28 .
28 .
2 6 .
27.
2 7 .
26.
25.
23.
22 .
25.
2 6 ,
26.
.1
.4
. 7
. 7
. 9
.4
. 6
.1
.4
. 7
.4
. 2
. 6
.8
. 2
.1
. 7
.8
. 1
.5
. 9
.5
.5
. 9
.0
. 3
. 3
. 7
. 9
. 3
2833
2902
2801
2805
2711
2591
2531
2580
2565
2620
2579
2647
2795
2757
2766
3026
3005
3076
2882
2908
2859
2952
2901
2872
2923
3107
3470
3504
3262
3203
3275
108.
108 .
105 .
108.
110.
112.
108.
116.
117.
118.
120.
118.
118.
122.
123.
123.
123.
122.
122.
118.
119.
116.
117.
119.
119.
118.
115.
117.
116.
. 0
. 0
. 1
.2
. 6
.2
.2
. 5
_ 7
.4
.0
_ 7
. 6
.2
^
_ 7
.0
. 9
. 1
. 0
. 5
. 9
9
_ 7
. 6
. 2
. 2
. 6
. 6
128
136
134
134
123
113
108
109
105
107
106
113
116
113
112
120
120
122
118
121
118
122
124
124
125
127
145
145
127
123
129
14 .
15.
14 .
14 .
15.
15.
14 .
15.
15.
15.
15.
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
12.
13 .
12 .
13.
13.
13.
12 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
10.
11 .
11 .
10.
10.
10.
. 8
. 2
. 9
•^
. 1
.4
.4
. 3
. 3
.0
. 7
. 2
. 7
.5
. 9
. 3
. 4
.5
.3
.4
.5
.8
. 7
. 3
. 7
. 3
.0
. 9
. 2
.0
104
103
104
105
102
101
103
101
101
102
102
103
106
107
108
111
110
116
108
110
109
113
116
117
119
123
121
124
123
130
131
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.713
.668
.685
.709
.684
.685
.755
.698
.713
.719
.727
.730
.788
.829
.862
.920
.880
.017
.842
.848
.844
. 928
. 943
. 957
.004
. 129
.022
.085
.162
.308
.312
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0
0.
0
0
0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.0307
.0297
.0305
.0319
.0295
.0289
.0313
.0289
.0289
.0294
. 0300
. 0308
. 0324
. 0336
.0344
.0361
. 0350
0399
.0343
.0352
.0348
.0382
.0404
.0411
.0428
.0459
.0426
.0445
.0448
.0503
.0514
27
29
30
29
29
32
32
33
35
35
35
35
36
36
37
38
3 Q
39
40
41
40
39
40
39
39
38
40
39
42
43
43
. 3
.8
.8
.5
.8
.0
. 6
.8
.3
9
. 9
.2
.8
. 9
.2
.2
0
7
.2
.1
.8
. 9
.0
.5
.5
. 9
. 5
. 3
_ 7
.4
IT
2404
2291
2335
2702
2858
2951
2986
3206
3296
3175
3179
3190
3209
3111
3253
3223
3454
3506
3514
3218
3326
3241
3215
3015
2796
2657
3035
3218
3131
3317
3176
3135
3463
3601
3789
3817
4180
4227
4168
4415
4374
4416
4672
4843
4909
4944
5052
4983
4707
4781
4620
4655
4651
4841
4651
4914
5110
5081
Percent of SMALL WAGON:
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
74 ."
F-4D
-------
Appendix F
Table F-5
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 MID-SIZE WAGON
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGLNE 0-60
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Percent of MID-SIZE WAGON:
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
F-5D
-------
Appendix F
Table F-6
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 LARGE WAGON
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGLNE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD CID WT
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
2004
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0,
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
.019
.017
.024
.020
.020
.009
.010
.015
.013
.013
.010
. 008
.006
. 005
.004
.002
.003
. 002
.001
.001
.001
.001
.005
.005
11
13
15
15
16
19
19
19
19
19
20
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
23
22
22
. 9
.5
.5
. 9
. 1
.1
. 9
.6
. 9
. 9
.0
. 1
8
.5
~j
. 9
. 7
.5
. 9
. 8
. 2
.1
.3
9.
10.
12.
12.
12.
14.
15.
14.
14.
14.
15.
16.
16.
17.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
. 3
. 6
. 2
.4
.8
.7
. 0
.4
.7
9
. 6
. 3
.4
. 1
9
. 9
.8
.5
3
_ 7
. 6
.8
.7
.8
10 .
11 .
13.
13.
13.
16.
17 .
16.
16.
17.
17 .
18.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
18.
19.
„ 2
.5
. 2
. 6
. 7
. 3
. 0
.4
T
.0
. 9
. 9
.0
.5
.4
T
.5
. 3
. 7
. 6
. 9
. 9
. 1
5453
5444
4713
4664
4466
4423
4394
4396
4379
4371
4354
4381
4348
4349
4334
4337
4402
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4734
4703
163.
162.
162.
161.
161.
161.
161.
161.
161.
161.
161.
161.
161.
161.
169.
170.
169.
169.
169.
170.
165.
165.
. 1
.4
.5
. 5
.4
. 3
. 6
.7
_ 7
.4
.8
_ 7
.8
. 6
. 1
. 3
^
. 2
. 3
. 2
.0
. 0
410
416
365
354
333
323
312
306
307
305
305
304
304
304
304
304
304
338
340
350
350
350
215
218
181
185
161
162
155
134
131
139
142
144
153
146
143
143
143
143
177
177
174
250
250
260
249
243
14 .
13.
13.
13.
13.
15.
15.
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
11 .
12.
12.
9.
9.
8 .
9
9.
. 0
^
. 6
.4
.4
.3
.6
.1
. 9
. 2
. 9
.0
.0
. 9
. 9
. 9
.1
. 2
. 1
.1
. 9
.5
. 7
116
117
115
116
115
109
108
110
112
112
115
113
112
112
112
112
122
121
120
144
144
147
141
139
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
.441
.445
.442
.460
.465
.418
.424
.456
.465
.472
.504
.479
.470
.470
.471
.471
.581
.526
.513
.714
.714
.743
.158
. 116
0
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0333
.0340
.0342
.0348
.0346
.0304
.0299
.0316
.0325
.0330
.0354
. 0334
. 0330
. 0330
.0332
.0332
.0404
.0394
.0386
.0556
.0556
.0578
.0527
.0517
2 7
31 .
31 .
31 .
30 .
36.
38 .
36.
36.
37 .
39 .
41 .
41 .
42 .
41 .
42 .
43.
43.
43.
44 .
44 .
44 .
44 .
44 .
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 74.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
F-6D
-------
Appendix F
Table F-7
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 SMALL VAN
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
3498
3500
3500
3500
3500
3618
3644
3668
3567
3313
3270
3298
3299
3402
3390
3554
3402
3217
3032
3248
3163
3416
118
120
120
120
120
120
120
111
118
120
121
131
134
134
130
140
124
129
121
135
134
142
78
67
67
67
67
67
67
61
69
87
88
95
98
100
98
120
95
115
120
130
130
134
19.
20.
20.
20 .
20 .
21 .
21 .
23.
20.
16.
16.
15.
15.
15.
15.
14 .
15.
13.
12.
11.
11.
12 .
.1
. 9
.8
. 9
. 9
.4
. 6
.4
9
. 6
. 2
. 3
.0
. 1
.3
.0
.8
.0
.0
. 9
. 7
. 1
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES D
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
F-7D
-------
Appendix F
Table F-E
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 MID-SIZE VAN
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
11
12
12
11
12
14
15
15
15
16
16
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
18.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
20 .
20.
20 .
20.
20 .
20.
. 3
.0
. 1
f 7
. 1
. 3
.2
. 2
. 9
. 3
. 9
.7
. 1
.6
.6
.6
.6
. 6
.1
_ 7
. 0
.5
.3
. 9
.7
. 1
^
. 3
. 6
.4
T
4230
4277
4348
4345
4506
4230
4248
4266
4396
4081
3945
3964
3959
3974
3980
4033
4079
4102
4033
4078
4041
4115
4132
4090
4199
4197
4267
4332
4313
4402
4395
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES D
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
F-8D
-------
Appendix F
Table F-9
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 LARGE VAN
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
153
192
199
224
159
96
96
115
138
174
162
160
140
137
142
107
76
93
106
112
104
109
139
132
171
170
294
112
111
127
100
o
0
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 ,
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
.015
.016
.014
.015
.011
.008
.009
.012
.013
.012
.011
.010
.009
.009
.010
.009
.006
.008
.008
.008
.007
.008
.010
.009
Oil
010
019
007
007
008
006
12 .
13.
15 .
15.
12 .
16 .
16 .
16.
16.
16.
16 .
17 .
17 .
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
17.
17 .
17.
17 .
18.
18.
17.
18 .
17.
17.
18.
19.
19.
6
4
5
o
1
0
8
1
2
4
1
6
0
9
8
5
T
9
0
0
1
1
6
3
9
0
7
9
7
2
1
10
10
12.
12.
9 .
12.
13.
13.
12.
13.
12 .
13.
13.
13.
13.
12.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
14 .
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
.0
.6
.5
. 2
_ 7
.8
.5
.0
9
.0
_ 7
. 9
.4
, 2
. 9
.0
.0
. 1
.0
.1
.1
.1
9
7
8
^
9
5
8
7
11
12
14
13
11
14
15
14
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
15
16
16
16
16
16
16.
18.
18.
17.
17 .
17.
17 .
18.
18 .
19.
7
.7
. 1
. 6
. 1
.7
. 3
.7
.0
.4
. 1
.5
. 2
.0
. 9
.1
. 6
.5
.8
. 9
. 9
. 6
.4
. 9
_ 7
. 9
.5
.2
. 8
.0
4135
4081
4110
4088
4665
4639
4513
4548
4532
4421
4491
4610
4659
4858
4821
4901
4943
5132
5132
5156
5185
5153
5121
5137
5124
4988
5322
5025
5203
5429
5535
334
335
343
335
336
315
310
314
314
314
312
306
309
309
309
314
312
315
315
318
314
325
300
297
297
296
303
293
289
305
304
148
151
158
145
163
133
128
131
134
143
146
142
155
156
155
162
162
167
178
183
178
197
221
220
223
221
239
223
233
255
259
13.
13.
12 .
13.
13.
15.
15.
15.
15.
14 .
14 .
14.
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
13.
12.
11.
11.
11 .
11 .
10.
11 .
11 .
10.
10.
7
^
. 6
. 3
.5
. 5
. 6
. 5
.1
.4
.3
, 9
. 9
. 3
. 3
.0
.1
. 2
.5
. 3
7
7
^
^
2
1
9
0
0
6
6
115
117
119
114
116
107
107
107
108
111
112
110
113
113
113
114
114
114
117
118
117
122
129
129
130
130
132
130
132
136
136
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
.434
.444
.459
.430
.480
.421
.414
.418
.429
.452
.464
.464
.500
.502
.501
.514
.518
.527
.565
.577
.567
. 604
.740
.745
.756
. 750
.791
.765
,811
.830
.847
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
u .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
, 0
. 0
.0
.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. o.
. o.
.0.
U'
o.
0'
o.
0'
o.
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
. 7
.0
. 2
.0
.6
.0
.0
. 7
. 9
.0
. 0
4WD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
0
6
2
14
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.8
.0
.5
. 2
.5
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES D
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
51.1
F-9D
-------
Appendix F
Table F-10
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 SMALL SUV
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
53
60
7 2
91
104
60
43
42
55
145
115
177
254
288
228
189
136
129
144
188
189
120
489
316
314
400
390
354
264
338
172
o
0
0
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 ,
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
.005
.005
.005
. 006
.008
.005
.004
.004
.005
.010
. 008
.012
.017
.019
.016
.015
.011
.011
.011
.013
.013
. 009
.034
.022
.021
024
025
022
017
021
010
16.
15.
17 .
16.
16 .
18 .
20 .
20.
21 .
21.
22 .
? ^
24 .
24 .
22 .
2 3 .
2 3 .
23 .
23 .
24 .
24 .
28 .
22.
23.
24 .
22 .
24 .
24 .
25.
23 .
25.
1
9
0
9
7
8
4
5
4
6
1
7
2
2
8
4
6
4
2
1
2
5
8
8
1
5
9
7
2
6
0
15.
14.
15.
15.
14 .
17.
18 .
18.
19.
19.
21 .
22 .
22 .
22.
21.
21.
20.
20.
20.
21 .
21.
2 6 .
21.
22 .
22 .
21 .
2 3
23 .
23.
23 .
23.
.1
. 5
.5
.4
.5
.0
_ 7
. 5
. 1
.8
.3
.4
. 7
.6
. 3
~-i
, 9
8
. 7
. 6
. 7
. 2
7
4
^
0
0
1
9
0
9
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
16.
17 .
17.
18.
18.
18.
20.
20 .
20.
19.
19.
20.
19.
19.
20.
20.
24 .
19.
20.
20.
19.
21.
21 .
21.
20 .
21.
7
s
.5
. 3
. 2
.0
. 3
.4
.1
. 3
. 8
, 2
. 6
.6
.4
. 9
.1
. 9
i 7
.5
5
3
4
3
^
2
1
0
5
1
3
2897
2980
3055
2986
3192
3083
3054
2922
2830
3302
3438
3231
3169
3128
3443
3329
3195
3087
3113
3049
2965
2896
3473
3474
3522
3742
3483
3528
3498
3689
3494
273
273
274
275
261
227
224
207
210
186
167
167
161
157
171
162
145
146
150
139
138
107
182
162
157
171
153
156
161
194
172
118
108
111
109
117
95
102
97
100
101
98
118
112
112
120
115
110
117
121
115
117
106
152
154
148
154
152
157
160
178
172
11.
12.
12 .
12.
12 .
14 .
13.
13.
13.
14 .
15.
13.
13.
13.
13 .
13.
14 .
13.
12 .
12 .
12.
12 .
11.
11.
11.
11 .
11 .
10.
10.
10.
10.
. 9
.7
_ 7
. 6
_ 7
. 6
. 6
9
. 3
.7
.5
. 0
.4
, 2
. 3
.4
.0
.0
8
. 9
.4
.8
2
2
^
7
1
9
7
2
1
117
112
112
112
113
105
108
107
109
106
103
112
110
111
111
110
109
113
114
113
115
111
122
123
121
121
123
124
125
130
130
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
0 .
1.
.429
.397
.405
. 398
.463
.454
.475
. 4 95
.505
.563
.596
.734
.723
. 739
.731
. 74 9
.769
.811
.814
.842
.864
.988
.861
. 970
.969
. 929
.026
.048
.040
. 956
.036
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
.0416
.0367
. 0367
.0370
.0367
.0306
. 0335
. 0331
. 0349
.0308
. 0285
, 0361
. 0347
.0351
. 0347
.0345
.0339
0373
0383
0373
0391
0365
0434
0440
0418
0411
0437
0447
0458
0483
0493
Percent of SMALL SU\
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
F-10D
-------
Appendix F
Table F-ll
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 MID-SIZE SUV
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES D
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
34 .2
F-11D
-------
Appendix F
Table F-12
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 LARGE SUV
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
12
12
13
13
11
14
15
18
17.
16.
16.
16.
17 .
16.
16.
16.
16.
15.
16 .
16 .
16.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17 .
18.
19.
18.
18 .
19.
. 2
~j
. 6
. 2
. 1
.3
. 3
9
. 6
9
. 9
.8
. 0
. 6
.7
.7
.2
_ 7
. 3
.4
. 6
. 3
.5
.4
. 2
. 6
.5
. 1
.8
. 9
T
10
10
11
10.
9.
11 .
12 .
14 .
13.
13.
12 .
12 .
13.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12 .
12.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
14.
14 .
15.
.0
.1
.1
.8
. 3
. 3
. 3
.4
. 6
.0
. 9
, 9
. 1
.8
T
T
.4
.0
.5
. 7
8
. 3
.4
, 2
.0
.4
^
.5
3
4
0
10.
11.
12.
11.
9 .
13.
14 .
18.
17.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
15.
16.
16.
16.
17 .
17.
17.
17.
17.
18.
19.
18.
19.
19.
7
. 6
. 2
_ 7
.4
.4
. 1
9
. 1
. 5
.8
.8
. 7
. 3
.8
. 9
.0
.5
, 2
.0
, 2
. 1
.5
^
^
6
1
2
8
0
8
10.
10.
11 .
11.
9 .
12.
13.
16.
15.
14 .
14 .
14.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
15.
14.
14.
15.
15.
16.
16.
16.
16.
. 3
.8
. 6
. 2
.4
.2
. 0
.1
.0
.4
.4
,4
.5
, 2
3
. 3
.8
.4
. 9
.0
.2
.8
.0
8
7
0
8
3
0
2
8
4728
4904
4870
4953
5260
5188
5127
5410
5327
5247
5248
5227
5501
5518
5716
5720
5570
5578
5652
5628
5576
5534
5348
5243
5290
5395
5158
5050
5347
5370
5206
364
373
371
373
375
340
338
344
355
351
350
350
350
351
351
351
328
331
345
343
347
344
328
313
323
312
283
277
288
290
277
171
166
170
168
152
160
170
146
153
157
161
162
205
199
208
208
197
204
210
210
206
247
234
227
239
246
244
253
266
276
272
13.
13.
13.
13.
15.
14 .
13.
16.
15.
15.
14 .
14 .
12 .
13.
12.
12.
13.
12.
12 .
12 .
12.
10.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9 .
9
. 0
. 9
. 6
.5
.8
.7
. 9
. 5
.8
. 1
.9
. 7
. 7
.0
. 9
. 9
. 3
. 9
. 6
. 6
. 7
. 9
.1
.2
8
7
4
0
0
8
7
118
115
116
116
109
112
115
107
109
111
112
112
122
120
121
121
119
121
122
122
122
133
131
130
133
134
135
139
140
142
142
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
.467
.440
.453
.455
.403
.471
.502
.427
.435
.450
.460
,464
.587
.568
.594
.595
.603
.629
. 612
.616
.594
.719
714
736
743
797
882
918
939
968
995
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
.0361
.0338
. 0348
.0342
.0288
.0309
. 0331
.0273
.0290
.0302
. 0308
, 0311
. 0373
.0361
.0365
.0365
.0353
. 0365
. 0373
.0374
0370
0447
0438
0434
0455
0458
0475
0503
0501
0518
0522
24 .
26.
28 .
27 .
24 .
31 .
33 .
45.
41 .
38.
38.
38.
40.
39 .
40.
40.
38.
37 .
39.
39.
39.
40.
40.
39.
39.
40.
40.
41 .
42.
43.
43.
.5
. 6
. 6
. 9
.8
.8
.4
.0
.5
.6
.4
, 0
. 0
, 2
. 9
. 9
T
.4
.4
.4
.5
.8
0
0
0
. 6
8
2
8
4
8
Percent of LARGE SU\
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES D
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
1
5
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 2
. 9
.4
. 2
. 8
13
22
18
26
16.
30
25
28
30
30
31
32
36
41
43
42
54
6 7
64
67
71
75
73
68
53
62
63
64
61
61
65
.5
.8
.4
. 9
.1
.0
.4
. 7
.5
. 2
. 3
. 8
. 2
. 0
.4
. 8
.1
.5
.6
.0
. 9
. 7
.4
.4
. 1
. 9
.1
.5
•^
.8
. 0
13
14
13
19
15
17
3
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.4
.6
. 9
. 3
. 3
8
. 1
. 1
. 9
.0
. 9
. 6
.6
.5
.5
.3
.0
. 6
.5
.4
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.5
.1
.1
.1
. 1
F-12D
-------
Appendix F
Table F-13
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 SMALL PICKUP
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
160
173
241
264
358
452
369
346
312
423
497
743
441
340
354
289
309
252
263
358
298
221
131
260
213
101
81
197
194
162
13
o
0
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 ,
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
.016
.014
.017
.018
. 026
.040
.035
.036
.030
.030
.034
.048
.030
.022
.025
.023
.025
.021
.020
.025
. 020
.017
009
018
014
006
005
012
012
010
001
22 .
23.
25 .
25.
22 .
24 .
28 .
27.
26.
26.
2 6 .
25.
2 6 .
25.
23 .
24 .
25.
24.
26.
24 .
24 .
24 .
24 .
24 .
23.
26.
26.
23 .
23.
23 .
24 .
5
8
5
6
8
3
2
3
9
1
7
9
0
0
9
8
0
6
3
9
4
6
9
5
2
3
^
2
2
0
9
17
18
19.
20 .
17 .
19.
22 .
21 .
21 .
20.
21 .
20.
20.
20.
19.
19.
19.
19.
20.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
18.
20.
21 .
18 .
18.
18 .
19.
. 3
^
. 9
.4
. 9
.4
.5
9
. 6
9
.4
. 6
. 6
.0
.1
T
.8
.5
8
. 6
. 3
.5
8
4
4
9
1
5
4
2
2
2
3
8
7
4
•-J
9
2
9
2
7
o
1
2
3
i
3
9
3
2
8
9
2
8
8
3
5
7
8
6
2
2756
2775
2771
2799
2793
2790
2819
2899
2976
3035
3098
3141
3135
3200
3328
3293
3324
3321
3232
3355
3385
3362
3349
3462
3600
3307
3357
3735
3769
3738
4000
118
119
120
119
120
122
130
137
142
142
143
145
147
148
153
153
152
152
147
151
157
159
146
160
173
148
147
177
178
182
184
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
F-13D
-------
Appendix F
Table F-14
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 MID-SIZE PICKUP
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Percent of MID-SIZE PICKUP:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
n
. 0
4WD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
17.
19
19
16.
20
19
18
16.
14
15
18
16.
15
14
17
19
28
28
30
41
28
43
28
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 1
.3
. 6
.8
. 8
.5
. 8
. 7
. 7
.8
.5
.0
. 9
.6
. 3
.4
. 9
. 2
.8
.5
.8
.5
9
. 7
TRANSMI
MANUAL
68
85
91
86
80
83
88
68
72
71
65
73
67
65
62
61
63
59
59
55
59
52
48
44
32
27
21
15
21
19
31
. 8
.5
.4
. 9
. 7
. 1
. 7
.6
. 1
.1
. 0
. 2
. 0
. 9
. 6
.5
. 9
.4
. 3
.8
. 9
. 9
. 1
. 7
.5
.8
.8
. 3
. 4
. 6
SSION
LOCK
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
28
14
16.
32
23
28
32
35
38
36
40
40
44
40
47
51
55
6 7
72
78
84
78
80
68
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
8
.2
. 8
~j
. 7
. 9
. 6
. 6
.4
.5
. 1
.6
T
. 1
.1
. 9
. 3
.5
. 2
. 2
. 7
. 6
.4
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES D
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
48
F-14D
-------
Appendix F
Table F-15
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 LARGE PICKUP
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1126
1639
1719
1928
1748
887
940
780
695
917
964
1001
654
1064
990
945
738
872
996
1271
1273
1036
1587
1326
1571
1746
1893
1717
1753
1470
2122
o
0
0
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 ,
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
.110
.133
.122
.133
. 126
.078
.089
.080
.067
.065
.067
.065
.044
.070
.068
.075
.059
.072
.075
.090
.084
.079
.110
.092
.103
.105
.121
107
111
092
124
13
13
14
14
14
17
18
18
18.
17.
17 .
18 .
17 .
18 .
18 .
18 .
18 .
18 .
18.
18.
18.
18 .
18.
18.
18.
19.
18.
18 .
18.
19.
19.
.1
. 9
. 9
. 7
.3
. 6
.6
. 1
.8
_ 7
. 2
_ 7
.0
. 1
.0
. 3
. 7
.4
.0
. 2
. 9
.6
.5
.3
. 9
. 7
. 9
.4
.6
10
11
12
12.
11.
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14.
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14.
15.
15.
.4
.2
.1
. 0
.8
.7
.8
.8
. 3
.0
. 0
.5
. 0
.1
.0
. 9
.0
.0
. 3
. 1
8
. 9
.4
.1
.2
. 9
.6
4
6
0
0
12.
12.
13.
13.
12 .
15.
17 .
17.
16.
16.
16.
17 .
16.
17.
17.
17.
18.
18 .
18 .
18 .
17.
18 .
18.
18.
18.
18.
18.
18 .
18.
18 .
19.
. 2
.7
.4
.1
. 6
.8
. 3
. 3
9
~j
.5
. 0
. 6
. 3
.5
T
.0
. 2
.5
, 2
8
.1
. 9
.7
4
9
^
3
5
9
3
11.
11.
12 .
12.
12 .
14 .
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
16.
15.
15.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
.1
.8
_ 7
.4
. 1
. 6
. 9
. 9
.4
.1
. 0
,5
. 1
.4
.4
.4
.6
.7
. 9
i 7
.4
5
1
9
8
5
1
0
1
5
7
4241
4301
4318
4326
4486
4312
4124
4233
4270
4291
4292
4283
4375
4436
4444
4497
4476
4562
4552
4612
4672
4718
4801
4799
4958
4663
4809
4982
4977
5019
5075
151
146
156
154
149
137
132
136
138
138
149
146
162
173
175
178
178
174
180
189
188
210
222
225
238
230
233
246
249
250
268
13.
13.
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
12.
12 .
12 .
12.
12.
12.
12 .
11 .
11.
11 .
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9
. 3
.8
. 1
. 2
. 1
. 3
. 2
.2
.2
. 3
.4
, 6
. 8
, 2
.1
.1
.5
. 1
. 7
. 9
.1
.6
^
^
2
^
1
1
1
7
115
113
116
116
113
110
110
111
111
111
114
113
118
121
121
122
122
120
122
124
123
129
132
133
135
136
135
137
138
138
142
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
4 3R
.423
.449
.454
.452
.452
.452
.457
.461
.459
. 4 90
,495
.523
.542
.548
.555
.562
.556
.600
601
598
671
737
735
762
800
807
836
845
874
915
n
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
"358
.0341
. 0363
.0357
.0334
.0318
. 0320
.0323
.0325
.0323
. 0348
, 0341
. 0370
.0390
. 0395
.0398
.0397
0382
0396
0411
0403
0446
0464
0470
0483
0492
0485
04 93
0499
0499
0528
39.8
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
4WD
16
23
25
30
10
21
13
17
22
25
25
28
30
33
34
33
32
32
35
36
41
37
43
43
53
44
42
43
42
51
45
. 1
.8
.5
.5
. 6
.4
. 3
.3
. 1
.8
•^
.8
. 8
. 8
. 9
.5
. 1
.0
.6
.5
. 9
3
. 2
. 6
.8
T
.6
. 8
T
. 1
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES D
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
F-15D
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA420-R-05-001
July 2005
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2005
Appendix G: Car Data Stratified by EPA Car Class
Robert M. Heavenrich D
Advanced Technology DivisionD
Office of Transportation and Air Quality D
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency D
NOTICED
This Technical Report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. D
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. D
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate an exchange q/D
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments. D
-------
Appendix G
Table G-l
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Two-Seater
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGLNE 0-60
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
CID
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
244
203
221
191
256
200
162
263
137
348
335
303
282
203
113
177
178
81
118
84
79
65
7 2
78
118
122
143
133
181
162
162
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 ,
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 ,
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
.024
.016
.016
.013
.018
.018
.015
.027
.013
.025
.023
.020
.019
.013
. 008
.014
.014
.007
. 009
.006
. 005
.005
.005
.005
. 008
. 007
.009
.008
.011
.010
. 009
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
1 .4
.4
.1
. 2
. 9
.5
.4
.4
.8
3
.6
. 9
. 7
. 9
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
42
37
40
46
31
34
55
23
40
20
53
70
71
73
85
88
81
86
94
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
.4
.1
.2
. 9
.5
.4
.4
.3
. 3
. 5
. 3
.0
. 3
. 9
.8
IT
.4
^
.4
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
9 .
0.
53.
11.
11.
14 .
26.
14 .
11.
18.
13.
5.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 5
.0
. 1
. 6
_ 7
. 6
. 1
. 2
^
. 6
.7
. 6
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
57.
62.
59.
53.
68 .
65.
44 .
67.
59.
26.
35.
18.
14 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
. 6
. 9
.8
. 1
.5
. 6
. 6
.2
_ 7
.4
. 1
. 3
. 1
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
G-1D
-------
Appendix G
Table G-2
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Minicompact
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
SALES
(000) FRAC
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
CID
Percent of Minicompact:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
11
4
1
1
3
1
1
6
20
92
46
52
85
77
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
.5
.5
. 9
.5
.4
.6
. 0
.4
. 6
.6
. 9
. 2
. 9
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
11
4
1
1
3
1
1
6
20
9 2
46
52
85
77
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
. 5
. 5
. 9
.5
.4
.6
. 0
.4
. 6
.6
. g
.2
. g
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
88.
95 .
98 .
98 .
96.
98.
99.
93.
79.
7 .
53.
47.
14 .
2 3
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
s
.5
. 1
.5
. 6
.4
. 0
. 6
.4
.4
. 1
.8
. 1
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
G-2D
-------
Appendix G
Table G-3
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Subcompact
MODEL
YEAR
SALES
(000) FRAC
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGLNE
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
0-60
TIME
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1011
1368
1577
2056
3044
3559
2712
2329
1968
2545
2181
2376
2088
2143
1950
1974
2303
2021
1872
1995
1623
1108
1487
1602
1382
1492
644
575
615
405
660
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
n
0.
0 .
0 ,
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 ,
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
. 099
.111
. 112
. 142
.219
314
.257
.239
.191
. 182
. 151
.155
. 140
. 140
.135
.157
. 183
. 166
. 142
.141
. 107
.084
. 103
.111
.091
.090
.041
.036
.039
.025
. 038
19
22
23
24
24
27
29
29
30
29
30
30
31
32
31
31
31
31
32
31
31
32
32
31
31
30
28
28
26
27
28
. 2
. 2
. 9
. 6
.1
. 1
. 3
. 1
. 0
. 6
. 1
.6
.1
.0
. 2
.5
.5
.8
.0
.6
.5
. 9
.5
.6
.3
. 7
.4
.8
.5
. 3
Percent of Subcompact:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DR:
FR(
17
13
19
2 2
25
35
36
39
53
49
58
64
69
77
7 2
87
84
84
84
81
7 2
75
83
81
83
7 6
57
51
62
43
62
[VI
DNr
.6
.1
.4
.3
. 9
.3
. 0
.8
.4
.8
. 7
.5
. 1
^
. 3
. 9
. 3
. 2
. 6
. 8
. 1
. 8
. 3
. 7
T
.0
.3
. 7
. 9
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
HP/
CID
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 ,
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
12.
12 .
12.
11 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
10.
9.
9
9
9
9.
. 2
. 7
. 2
.4
. 2
T
T
.5
. 0
.5
. 2
.4
T
.5
.0
.5
. 3
.0
8
^
. 3
. 2
.5
.1
. 1
. 7
. 8
.4
T
.4
.4
108
106
107
106
106
103
103
105
106
108
110
109
109
110
111
113
114
116
117
118
121
121
119
122
122
124
133
137
136
138
137
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
G-3D
-------
Appendix G
Table G-4
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Compact
MODEL
YEAR
SALES
(000) FRAC
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGLNE 0-60
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
CID
129
125
131
113
117
102
91
86
91
90
98
98
100
106
108
118
120
127
121
124
132
133
133
134
141
138
139
140
146
150
151
14 .
15.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 ,
14 .
13.
13.
13.
13.
12.
12.
12 .
11 .
12 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
10.
11.
11 .
10.
10.
10.
10.
. 6
. 2
.6
.5
.4
.4
. 2
. 6
.4
.3
.5
.5
. 3
.0
. 7
. 3
. 1
.8
.0
. 9
. 2
.1
. 1
.0
. 9
.1
. 0
. 9
~-i
.5
.5
110
108
110
108
109
107
106
104
105
106
109
109
109
111
112
115
116
118
116
117
121
121
121
121
122
121
122
122
124
126
126
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.454
.434
.452
.506
. 495
.577
.671
. 695
.677
. 687
. 727
. 735
. 759
794
. 837
.857
.887
.893
. 886
.912
. 992
.999
. 988
.028
.028
.049
.074
.091
.121
.125
. 149
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0322
. 0307
.0315
.0318
.0321
.0324
.0325
.0310
.0318
.0321
.0347
.0346
.0351
.0365
.0372
.0393
.0400
.0416
.0405
.0408
.0439
.0441
.0442
.0444
.0448
.0441
.0449
.0451
.0467
.0478
.0476
27
30
31
30
30
30
32
34
35
35
36
36
36
37
36
37
37
37
37
38
39
3 9
39
3 9
40
40
41
42
42
42
43
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
G-4D
-------
Appendix G
Table G-5
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Mid-Size Car
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGLNE 0-60
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
CID
G-5D
-------
Appendix G
Table G-6
MODEL
YEAR
SALES
(000) FRAC
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Large Car
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
CID
Percent of Large Car:
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1 .0
00.
98.
99.
98 .
96.
87.
67 ,
69.
60.
60.
35.
18.
14 .
10.
3 .
1 .
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
.0
.8
.5
.5
.4
.5
_ 7
9
. 3
. 3
_ 7
.8
. 9
^
. 0
. 1
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
0.
0.
0 .
1 .
3.
10.
15.
10.
2 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.0
.0
. 0
.4
.5
.4
. 2
.0
.4
.8
. 3
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
. 0
. 0
. 1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
G-6D
-------
Appendix G
Table G-7
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Small Wagon
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
SALES
(000) FRAC
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
CID
Percent of Small Wagon:
MODEL
YEAR
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
G-7D
-------
Appendix G
Table G-E
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Mid-Size Wagon
MODEL
YEAR
SALES
(000) FRAC
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
ENGLNE
CID HP
0-60
TIME
HP/
CID
11.
13.
13.
15.
16.
18.
19.
20 .
20 .
21 .
21 .
22.
21.
22.
21.
21.
22 .
22.
22 .
22.
22 .
22.
22 .
22.
22 .
23.
22 .
23.
23.
23.
22 .
3
. 6
. 9
8
. 3
.0
.6
. 2
. 8
.3
.5
. 9
.4
. 9
. 7
. 2
.4
.5
. 3
8
.5
.4
.4
.5
. 3
. 7
.4
. 3
. 7
4791
4555
4410
3836
3758
3534
3285
3384
3348
3298
3356
3355
3434
3378
3436
3498
3506
3503
3498
3532
3482
3661
3666
3669
3691
3572
3775
3731
3745
3700
3807
143
140
139
139
136
136
136
135
134
137
140
139
139
141
142
142
137
137
135
136
136
135
136
134
133
133
133
133
133
162
142
135
123
118
107
103
108
109
107
112
115
125
126
132
139
140
143
144
151
148
153
158
169
169
162
175
172
174
177
213
13.
14 .
15.
14 .
14 .
15.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
13.
12.
12.
12.
12 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
10.
10.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9.
8
8
.1
.4
T
.0
.5
.3
.1
. 1
. 9
.6
.0
T
.4
.0
.0
.8
. 7
.4
.4
.6
.3
T
. 8
. 0
. 7
T
T
.4
. 3
115
110
109
109
108
106
107
108
108
108
109
110
113
114
116
118
118
119
120
122
121
122
123
127
126
125
128
127
127
129
139
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.473
.458
.459
.484
.480
.482
.562
.551
.568
. 633
. 679
.718
.735
.743
.765
.782
.794
.777
. 790
.863
. 915
.965
.001
.096
.087
.060
. 139
.136
.157
.154
. 193
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 0338
.0311
.0305
. 0320
.0313
.0304
.0316
.0320
.0325
.0324
.0334
.0342
.0363
.0372
.0383
.0397
.0401
.0408
.0411
.0428
.0426
.0422
.0434
.0461
.0457
.0452
.0463
.0460
.0463
.0479
.0553
27
31
30
30
30
31
32
34
35
35
36
37
37
38
37
38
39
39
39
3 9
39
41
41
41
41
41
43
43
43
43
43
.4
. 2
T
.5
^
. 9
.4
.3
. 0
.3
. 2
.6
.0
. 7
.0
.0
.4
.4
.4
. 7
. 2
. 1
.1
. 6
. 6
. 1
.6
.6
.1
.4
2015
2240
2295
2542
2714
2781
2869
2922
2 909
3066
3080
3144
3076
3076
3168
3208
3103
3069
3104
3090
3068
3041
3079
3146
3076
3142
3130
3127
3065
4417
4266
4293
4455
4417
4669
4759
4793
4876
5134
5280
5300
5283
5377
5550
5617
5427
5417
5402
5654
5621
5569
5674
5582
5751
5824
5817
5748
5788
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
G-8D
-------
Appendix G
Table G-9
MODEL
YEAR (000) FRAC
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
2004
2005
Percent of Large Wagon:
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Large Wagon
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 ,
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
. 019
.017
.024
.020
.020
.009
.010
.015
.013
.013
.010
.008
.006
.005
. 004
.002
. 003
.002
. 001
.001
. 001
.001
.005
.005
11
13
15
15
16
19
19
19
19
19
20
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
23
22
22
. 9
.5
.5
. 9
.1
.1
. 9
. 2
. 6
. 9
. 9
.0
.1
.8
.5
T
. 9
T
.5
. 9
8
. 2
. 1
. 3
9.
10.
12.
12.
12.
14.
15.
14 .
14.
14 .
15.
16.
16.
17.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
. 3
. 6
.2
.4
.8
.7
.0
.4
t 7
. 9
. 6
. 3
.4
. 1
. 9
9
.8
IT
. 3
.7
. 6
.8
_ 7
.8
10.
11 .
13.
13.
13.
16.
17.
16.
16.
17 .
17 .
18.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
18 .
19.
. 2
.5
. 2
. 6
^
. 3
.0
.4
. 7
. 0
. 9
. 9
.0
.5
3
.4
. 7
.5
. 3
^
. 6
. 9
. 9
.1
5453
5444
4713
4664
4466
4423
4394
4396
4379
4371
4354
4381
4348
4349
4334
4337
4402
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4734
4703
163.
162.
162.
161.
161.
161.
161.
161.
161.
161.
161.
161.
161.
161.
169.
170.
169.
169.
169.
170.
165.
165.
. 1
.4
IT
|T
.4
. 3
. 6
_ 7
_ 7
.4
.8
.7
.8
. 6
. 1
^
. 3
.2
. 3
.2
. 0
.0
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60
TIME
HP/
CID
14 .
13.
13.
13.
13.
15.
15.
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
11 .
12.
12 .
9 .
9.
8.
9.
9 .
. 0
. 7
.6
.4
.4
. 2
. 3
. 6
.1
. 9
. 2
. 9
.0
.0
. 9
. 9
. 9
.1
. 2
.1
. i
. 9
.5
T
116
117
115
116
115
109
108
110
112
112
115
113
112
112
112
112
122
121
120
144
144
147
141
139
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
. 441
.445
.442
.460
.465
.418
.424
.456
.465
.472
.504
.479
.470
.470
.471
.471
.581
.526
.513
.714
.714
.743
. 158
.116
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0^3^
.0340
.0342
. 034 8
.0346
.0304
.0299
.0316
.0325
.0330
.0354
.0334
.0330
.0330
.0332
.0332
.0404
.0394
.0386
.0556
.0556
.0578
.0527
.0517
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
2004
2005
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
74 .0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
G-9D
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA420-R-05-001
July 2005
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2005
Appendix H: Data Stratified by
Vehicle Type and Weight Class
Robert M. Heavenrich D
Advanced Technology DivisionD
Office of Transportation and Air Quality D
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency D
NOTICED
This Technical Report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. D
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. D
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate an exchange q/D
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments. D
-------
Table H-l
Appendix H
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 1750. Ib. Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL EC
FRAC LAB ADJ
55/45 CITY
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
ENGINE
CID HP
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
0-60
TIME
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
0.787 0.0274
0.759 0.0264
0.756 0.0264
0.766 0.0267
0.806 0.0281
0.803 0.0280
0.902 0.0314
0.902 0.0314
0.902 0.0314
0.902 0.0314
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
SU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
H-1D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-2
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 2000 Ib. Cars
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
105
154
157
270
234
280
209
157
94
92
62
58
106
186
135
71
142
120
111
9 7
33
37
13
11
8
11
2
1
0
0
0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0,
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0,
.010
.012
.011
.019
.017
.025
.020
.016
.009
. 007
.004
.004
.007
.012
.009
.006
.011
.010
.008
.007
.002
.003
.001
.001
.001
.001
.000
.000
.000
.000
. 000
31
32
36
34
32
33
38
40
43
44
44
36
40
43
43
47
47
47
48
48
53
52
54
53
50
61
75
75
75
73
74
.4
. 6
.0
. 9
.0
. 0
.4
.3
. 6
.3
.4
. 6
.0
. 6
.5
.5
.1
. 3
.6
. 9
~j
.3
.4
. 6
.3
. 6
.6
. 3
.1
.8
3
24
25
28
27
25
26
30
32
34
35
35
28
32
35
35
38
38
38
39
39
43
42
44
42
39
49
60
60
60
60
60
.5
.5
.2
.8
.4
.1
.8
. 3
. 9
.4
. 5
.5
.1
. 6
.8
. 3
.0
. 3
.2
.8
.4
.5
.0
.8
. 9
.5
9
9
.7
.4
. 9
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
100
92
100
100
100
100
82
85
91
98
100
100
100
9 3
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
52
100
100
100
100
100
.0
.5
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
~J
.1
. 9
. 7
.0
.0
.0
. 9
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.4
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
4WD
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
1
11
0
6
14
57
97
98
9 9
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.1
. 3
. 9
.0
. 3
.0
. 2
.4
. 3
.6
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
8
1
11
0
6
14
37
50
29
13
28
1
0
0
0
0
0
52
100
100
100
100
100
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.1
. 3
. 9
. 0
. 3
.0
. 9
.5
.1
.0
_ 7
.5
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.4
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
19.
46.
69.
86.
71.
98.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
47.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
. 3
. 9
. 2
. 6
. 3
.5
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 6
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
91.
98 .
88 .
100.
93.
86.
42.
2.
1.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
9
.1
. 0
_ 7
.0
.8
. 6
_ 7
.4
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
100.
73 .
82.
91.
97 .
98 .
99 .
98.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
47.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
. 0
. 6
. 5
.7
.0
_ 7
. 6
. 2
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 6
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
0 .
2 6 .
17.
6.
2.
1.
0.
1 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
. 0
.4
.5
. 1
. 6
. 3
.4
.8
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
0 .
0 .
0.
2.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
52.
100 .
100.
100 .
100.
100.
. 0
. 0
.0
. 1
.4
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.4
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
H-2D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-3
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 2250 Ib. Cars
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
375
570
851
886
699
1162
1191
884
985
899
840
745
461
401
280
97
129
146
136
117
161
135
87
43
24
0.037
0.046
0.060
0.061
0.050
0.103
0.113
0.091
0.096
0.064
0.058
0.048
0.031
0.026
0.019
0. 008
0.010
0.012
0.010
0.008
0.011
0.010
0.006
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN TRANSM
FRONT
46
37
43
41
44
57
69
79
93
91
97
96
96
100
100
95
95
99
98
100
100
100
100
100
100
40
100
100
100
100
25
.1
.5
. 0
. 6
.8
. 9
.8
.8
. 1
.1
. 3
. 3
.0
.0
.4
. 7
.8
. 6
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.6
.0
.0
.0
.0
.4
4WD
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.6
. 0
. 3
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.6
. 3
.2
.4
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
MANUAL
90
7 2
78
80
87
80
82
74
72
71
65
65
70
69
63
70
69
80
7 6
79
48
29
39
22
23
39
15
54
65
13
78
. 3
. 2
. 9
. 6
.0
. 7
T
. 9
.6
8
3
.5
.5
. 9
.5
. 3
. 6
.0
. 0
. 9
. 7
.5
. 1
.8
.5
. 3
. 3
.4
. 3
.1
.4
3SION FUEL METERING
LOCK FI PORT TBI
22
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
H-3D
-------
Table H-4
Appendix H
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 2500 Ib. Cars
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
(000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
0.040
0.028
0.033
0.054
0.078
0. 104
0.145
0.148
0.120
0.109
0.118
0.106
0.133
0.118
0.092
0.075
0.059
0.043
0.039
0.030
0.032
0.025
0.023
0.014
0.017
0.010
0.014
0.009
0.002
0.000
0.001
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60
TIME
TOP
SPD
HP/
WT
1078
1172
1531
1442
1240
1529
1699
1622
1975
1802
1335
942
748
525
517
424
484
329
329
207
253
166
214
149
39
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
4
9
5
0
3
8
1
6
2
5
9
2
2
4
0
5
0
0
0
0
o
0
o
o
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
12
12
8
2
3
4
4
3
11
15
16
13
11
24
44
64
82
7 6
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
.4
. 9
^
.0
3
.8
.1
. 6
. 2
9
_ 7
9
.6
9
_ 7
. 5
. 0
.6
_ 7
.4
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
0.
0.
0.
0,
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
1.
4 .
5.
19.
51.
47.
51.
36.
17.
23.
24.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 1
. 6
. 2
. 3
. 5
. 5
. 3
.0
.0
.4
. 3
. 6
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
H-4D
-------
Table H-5
Appendix H
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 2750. Ib. Cars
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
HP/
WT
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
281
203
34 9
498
459
973
714
961
863
2050
1878
1899
1896
1519
1204
1081
1462
1280
1651
1521
1747
1240
1637
1620
1348
1318
1184
913
691
747
764
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0,
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
.027
.016
.025
. 034
.033
.086
.068
.099
.084
.146
.130
. 124
. 128
.099
.083
.086
.116
.105
.125
.108
. 115
.095
. 113
. 112
.089
.081
.075
.057
.044
.047
.045
21
24
24
24
24
2 6
27
28
30
30
30
30
30
31
31
31
32
32
33
33
33
33
34
34
34
34
35
36
37
37
37
T
.5
.8
8
.0
. 1
^
8
. 2
.1
.6
. 6
. 8
.5
.8
. 9
.5
.6
.0
. 6
. 9
. 9
.0
.6
.6
. 3
. 9
. 3
. 1
.0
. 2
Ib.
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
0
0
2
0
5
47
70
77
89
87
93
9 2
95
9 7
97
99
99
99
98
98
99
100
100
100
100
96
94
98
98
98
98
.4
. 9
.0
. 9
.4
. 9
. 0
. 9
.4
T
.3
T
T
.4
.5
.0
. 3
.5
.4
T
. 9
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 9
.5
~j
. 6
4WD
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
3
4
2
2
2
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
o
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
. 0
.2
.8
9
9
.8
.1
9
. 2
^
. 6
.1
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
2750
2750
2750
750
750
750
750
750
750
750
750
750
750
750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
80
88
82
96
107
104
106
102
103
102
101
102
101
98
100
98
101
101
102
101
100
100
100
100
99
99
100
100
100
3
6
2
0
2
3
^
7
^
0
7
1
7
7
3
5
9
2
6
5
5
^
^
^
6
6
8
5
8
127
121
126
129
132
141
136
124
124
127
128
125
124
123
118
111
112
110
112
109
109
108
109
110
110
108
108
107
106
105
103
12.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12 .
12 .
11 .
11 .
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
10.
11.
11 .
.8
.4
. 3
.4
. 6
. 6
.8
.4
.2
.1
. 6
.4
. 3
. 1
. 3
9
9
. 3
.4
. 1
. 0
.5
_ 7
.3
.4
.2
. 0
.2
. 9
. 1
. 3
110
108
109
108
108
107
107
105
105
106
108
108
109
109
109
110
110
113
113
114
115
118
116
118
117
119
119
119
120
119
118
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
.799
. 794
.765
. 740
. 710
.665
. 678
. 707
.712
.705
.735
. 769
.790
. 804
.820
. 919
. 913
. 972
. 955
. 001
. 017
. 086
. 039
.071
.070
. 118
. 122
. 121
. 154
. 138
. 140
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0365
.0348
.0350
.0344
.0341
. 0339
.0333
.0316
.0320
.0324
.0340
.0347
.0350
.0354
.0349
.0364
.0364
.0386
.0384
.0394
.0403
.0427
.0409
.0427
.0424
.0437
.0440
.0434
.0447
.0436
.0427
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
H-5D
-------
Table H-6
Appendix H
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 3000 Ib. Cars
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1.
1 .
. 727
723
. 767
. 797
. 815
. 867
. 868
. 885
. 863
. 881
. 988
. 980
. 993
. 996
. 001
. 007
.031
.064
.098
. 105
. 117
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0366
.0359
.0371
.0380
. 0393
.0405
.0414
.0423
.0417
.0413
.0452
.0444
.0447
.0436
.0426
.0423
.0429
.0439
.0443
.0454
.0459
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
H-6D
-------
Table H-7
Appendix H
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 3500 Ib. Cars
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
WT
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
Percent of
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
H-7D
-------
Table H-i
Appendix H
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 4000 Ib. Cars
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
WT
Percent of 4000 Ib. Cars:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
H-8D
-------
Table H-9
Appendix H
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 4500 Ib. Cars
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
WT
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
Percent of 4500 Ib. Cars:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.9
9 . 3
54 .2
61.7
99.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
91.2
100.0
100.0
96.2
84 .4
82 .1
89.6
96.0
93.6
82.4
90.7
99.9
99.8
99.9
99.7
98 . 9
99.3
99.8
99.7
98 9
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
H-9D
-------
Table H-10
Appendix H
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 5000 Ib. Cars
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
0
0
0
o
o
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
HP/
CID
.429
.440
.453
. 445
.426
. 409
.402
. 482
.426
.485
.494
. 574
. 4 66
. 509
.502
. 736
.041
.072
.073
. 034
. 058
. 057
. 059
.060
. 996
. 995
. 997
.057
. 161
. 170
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
HP/
WT
. 0333
. 0333
.0351
.0358
. 0339
.0312
.0311
.0353
.0314
.0351
.0375
.0409
.0382
.0413
.0411
.0480
.0594
.0526
.0548
.0583
.0605
.0608
.0598
.0613
.0648
.0650
.0604
.0747
.0509
.0521
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
o
0
0
0
96
95
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
9
.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
n
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0
0
0
14
0
0
0
14
6
15
16
30
1
4
0
100
0
0
0
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
. 0
. 0
. 0
.1
.0
.0
.0
.2
.5
.8
. 3
6
.8
9
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 7
.4
. 9
. 7
.0
. 8
.5
. 2
. 7
.4
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
.0
.0
. 1
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0
0
0
0
0
6
42
44
19
37
83
69
100
100
100
100
89
100
100
93
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
. 0
. 0
_ 7
.4
. 9
.7
.6
.2
. 3
.4
.7
.4
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.1
. 0
.0
.1
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
57.
41.
74 .
46.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.4
.5
. 2
.8
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
100.
100.
99.
98.
90.
93 .
0.
14 .
6 .
15.
16.
30.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
. 0
. 0
. 3
.7
.0
.3
.0
. 2
.5
.8
.3
. 6
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0.
0.
0.
0.
9 ,
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
10.
0.
0.
6 ,
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
.0
.0
.0
. 9
.1
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 9
.0
.0
. 9
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
97
0
0
0
0
o
9
5
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
9
3
0
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
46.
0 .
1 .
100.
0.
1 .
3 .
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 2
. 0
. 2
.0
.0
.5
.0
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
89.
93 .
100.
100 .
100.
100.
100.
45.
100.
1 .
0.
78.
98.
96.
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 1
. 5
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 8
. 0
. 1
.0
. 1
. 6
H-10D
-------
Table H-ll
Appendix H
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 5500 Ib. Cars
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
WT
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2004
2005
828
934
298
134
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
Q
Q
1
2
0
2
0
0
6
6
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.081
.076
.021
. 009
. 000
. 000
. 000
. 000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
. 000
. 000
. 000
.000
,000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
12
13
12
12
11
10
10
10.
10.
11.
11.
11 .
10.
12 .
12.
13.
13.
14 .
15.
17 .
18 .
17 .
18.
17.
14 .
18.
16.
16.
17 .
17.
. 3
.6
.8
. 0
_ 7
^
. 1
. 9
. 0
.0
. 0
. 9
. 2
. 5
. 1
.2
. 1
. 6
_ 7
. 2
.8
. 1
.0
. 9
.1
.1
.1
.9
.8
9
10
9 .
9.
8
8
8
8 .
8.
8.
8.
8 .
8.
9 .
9
10.
10.
10.
11.
13.
13.
13.
13.
12.
11.
13.
12.
12.
13.
13.
.4
.4
. 6
_ 7
.8
. 6
^
. 0
. 5
.5
IT
.5
. 6
.5
.7
.2
. 3
.6
. 9
.4
.9
. 8
.4
.1
.1
.6
. 2
, 2
.0
.0
11.8
12.7
12.6
12 . 9
10. 1
9.8
9 9
9.5
10.7
10.7
10.8
10.7
10.3
11.5
12.0
12.7
12.7
14.7
15.5
17.8
18.3
17.4
19.2
19.8
15.7
18.5
16.2
16.2
19. 6
19.5
10.
11 .
10.
10.
9 .
9 .
8
8 .
9 .
9 .
9 .
9 .
9 .
10.
10.
11.
11.
12 .
13.
15.
15.
15.
15.
14 .
12.
15.
13.
13.
15.
15.
.4
. 3
.8
. 9
.4
. 1
9
. 6
.3
. 3
.4
. 3
3
. 3
.6
. 2
, 2
.1
. 3
. 1
. 6
. 2
.5
•-J
.8
.5
. 8
. 8
. 3
3
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
^500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
131.8
130.7
112.7
100.7
98 . 8
92 .5
92.3
92.6
92.5
92 .4
92.0
91.3
103.8
107.2
107.5
107.2
126.5
141.3
143.1
155.8
149.9
142.7
98.1
160.0
123.3
120.5
116.0
114.6
458
460
447
445
417
412
412
412
412
412
412
412
412
412
412
412
412
412
374
356
354
357
315
287
412
284
328
328
317
326
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2004
2005
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
o
0
0
0
89
86
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.2
.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
56
92
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 9
.4
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 9
. 1
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0
2
3
30
0
5
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
71
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
. 0
. 9
.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.8
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
28.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.2
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
100.
97 .
96.
70.
100.
95 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
. 0
. 1
. 9
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
H-11D
-------
Table H-12
Appendix H
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 6000 Ib. Cars
MODEL
YEAR
SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP
(000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
WT
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
o
2
0
•^
2
2
1
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
.000
.000
.000
. 000
. 000
. 000
.000
. 000
.000
.000
.000
. 000
. 000
. 000
.000
.000
10
10
10
11
17
13
13.
14
14
14
19.
15.
17.
17.
18.
16.
.1
.1
.4
8
. 6
. 9
. 9
. 9
. 9
. 9
3
. 0
. 6
. 6
.2
. 5
1 0.000 16.3
15.
15.
15.
13.
15.
11 .
10.
8 .
8.
8.
10.
8 .
10.
10.
10.
q
9
.7
.7
.5
.5
. 3
. 9
.7
.8
.8
.8
.0
.8
. 3
. 3
.5
3
.2
110
110
111
119
111
128
137
155
155
155
142
155
140
141
139
153
155
MODEL
YEAR
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
).0
).0
).0
).0
).0
).0
).0
).0
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
H-12D
-------
Table H-13
Appendix H
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 6500 Ib. Cars
MODEL
YEAR
SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP
(000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
WT
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
H-13D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-14 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 2250. Ib. VansD
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CLTY HWY 55/45
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
HP/
WT
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI GARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
H-14D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-15 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 2750. Ib. Vans
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CLTY HWY 55/45
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
HP/
WT
MODEL
YEAR
DRLVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
H-15D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-16 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 3000 Ib. Vans
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CLTY HWY 55/45
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
Percent of
MODEL
YEAR
HP/
WT
5.615 0.0223
5.691 0.0307
5.733 0.0313
5.717 0.0306
5.742 0.0320
).782 0.0323
5.783 0.0323
5.842 0.0387
). 789 0 . 0321
5. 963 0.0379
5.994 0.0397
).981 0.0414
5.974 0.0422
5.954 0.0424
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
H-16D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-17 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 3500 Ib. Vans
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CLTY HWY 55/45
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP
LB CID HP TIME SPD
HP/
WT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVESD
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
H-17D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-18 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 4000 Ib. Vans
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CLTY HWY 55/45
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
HP/
WT
H-18D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-19
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 4500 Ib. Vans
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
SALE;
(000)
165
188
222
289
273
91
121
164
215
245
258
252
184
223
268
211
242
251
278
291
291
275
188
426
578
462
623
564
634
1001
FRAC
o
0
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 ,
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
n
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
.016
.015
.016
. 020
. 020
.008
.011
.017
.021
.017
. 018
.019
.017
.012
.015
.021
.017
.020
.019
.020
.019
022
.019
013
028
035
029
039
036
040
058
LAB
55/4
11 .
13.
13 .
13.
13 .
16 .
17 .
16.
17.
17 .
16 .
17 .
17 .
17 .
17 .
18 .
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
20
20.
21.
22.
22 .
23.
23 .
23.
23 .
24 .
5
6
3
5
o
6
3
1
8
3
0
1
5
3
9
^
T
1
2
8
3
1
6
T
5
1
3
^
3
6
7
2
FUEL E
ADJ
CITY
9
10
11
10
11.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
12 .
13.
13 .
14 .
13.
14.
14 .
14 .
15.
14 .
14 .
15 .
15.
16.
16.
16.
17.
17 .
17.
17 .
18.
.5
^
. 0
_ 7
. 1
. 1
_ 7
. 5
.7
.4
. 8
, 9
. 7
.1
T
.5
T
8
, 2
, 9
8
7
T
.4
.7
8
7
6
8
8
1
CONOMY
ADJ
HWY
10
12
12.
11.
12 .
15.
15.
15.
16.
16.
14 .
16.
16.
16.
16.
18.
18.
18 .
19.
18 .
18 .
20 .
20.
21.
22.
22 .
2 3
23.
24 .
24 .
24 .
. 3
^
. 0
.4
. 0
. 1
_ 7
. 3
. 1
.0
. 9
. 2
. 3
. 9
.8
, 2
.8
8
.5
. 9
.8
Q
9
6
4
7
9
7
1
5
9
ADJ
55,
9
11
11
11
11
13
14
14
14
14
13
14
14
15
14
15
16
16
16
16
16.
17 .
17.
18.
18.
19.
20.
19.
20.
20 .
20.
/45
.8
3
.4
. 0
.5
9
. 6
.2
T
.4
. 7
. 9
. 8
. 9
. 9
. 3
.4
. 9
.5
. 3
. 6
.7
.4
.8
. 0
. 1
. 9
.2
. 3
^
WGHT
LB
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
45nn
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
ENG
CID
333
330
342
341
329
313
305
307
308
309
309
304
313
320
322
305
294
288
281
283
292
248
252
242
234
232
216
220
222
221
219
UNE
HP
155
153
157
157
145
141
138
145
149
152
156
148
163
169
175
174
170
179
180
186
189
177
182
186
192
192
196
206
211
213
218
0-60
TIME
13
13.
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
13.
13 .
14.
13.
12.
12.
12.
12 .
12.
12 .
11 .
11.
12 .
11.
11.
11 .
11 .
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
. 6
.8
.5
.4
. 3
. 6
.8
. 3
.0
.8
.5
, 1
n
.6
.4
.4
~j
. 2
. 1
. 7
.5
o
9
6
^
4
2
8
6
5
3
TOP
SPD
115
114
115
115
112
110
109
112
113
114
115
112
117
119
121
121
119
122
122
124
125
121
123
124
126
126
127
130
132
132
134
HP/
CID
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
n
0
n
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.
0.
n
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
1.
.464
.463
.458
.460
.443
.449
.453
.474
.485
.493
. 503
.485
. 521
.528
.541
.569
.580
. 62 6
. 64 6
.664
.662
.716
.727
.770
.826
.832
.908
.941
.955
. 967
.003
HP/
WT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
n
0
n
0
0
0
0
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
n
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
.0345
.0340
.0348
.0348
.0322
.0313
.0306
.0323
.0332
.0339
. 0346
.0328
"363
.0376
.0389
.0387
.0377
. 0398
.0400
.0414
.0421
0393
.0405
.0413
.0428
.0426
.0436
.0458
,0468
.0473
.0484
TON
-MPG
22
9 r:
25
24
2 6
31
33
32
33
32
30
33
33
34
33
36
37
37
38
37 .
37.
40 .
40.
41 .
42.
43.
45.
45.
45.
45.
46.
.2
.7
. 9
. 9
. 3
. 5
. 0
. 3
. 3
.8
9
. 6
. 3
.4
T
.0
. 3
.2
.5
. 0
n
. 1
^
^
. 0
^
.1
.5
. 8
.6
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING D
FI PORT TBI
CARB D DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
O.OD
H-19D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-20 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 5000 Ib. Vans
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CLTY HWY 55/45
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Percent of 5000 Ib. Vans:
WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP
LB CID HP TIME SPD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.001
.001
.001
.001
. 007
.003
.002
.004
.005
.004
. 004
.004
. 004
.007
.007
.007
.004
.008
.008
.008
. 007
.008
.009
.009
.012
.009
.011
.010
.009
.008
.008
12
12
12
12
11
14
14
15
17
15
15
16
15
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
19
18
18
18
19
18
19
20
20
.0
.4
.4
.5
. 8
.8
.1
.1
.6
.4
.0
. 9
T
.5
.5
. 6
.5
. 7
. 6
. 8
.8
.0
.6
.4
. 1
. 7
.3
. 1
.6
9 . 7
10 . 1
10 .0
10 .3
9 . 6
11.4
11.9
12.1
13.5
12.3
12 .2
12.6
12 .4
13.0
12.8
12.8
12 . 9
13.5
13. 6
13.5
13.7
13.7
14 .5
14 .2
13.9
14 .1
14 . 6
14 .4
14 .8
15.2
15.5
10
10
11
11
10
13
13
13
16
14
14
15
15
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
19
18
18
20
21
.7
. 9
.2
. 0
. 6
.1
.6
.8
.0
.7
.4
.0
.1
^
.0
.0
.2
.1
.4
. 6
.5
.7
9
.7
.2
.1
. 0
.4
9
.5
.1
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
12.
12.
12.
14.
13.
13.
13.
13.
14.
14.
14.
14 .
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
16.
15.
15.
15.
16.
15.
16.
17.
17.
.2
.5
.5
. 6
. 0
. 1
. 6
.8
.5
. 3
. 1
. 6
.5
^
.0
. 1
. 2
.0
. 1
. 1
. 2
.2
.2
9
. 6
_ 7
. 3
. 9
.4
. 2
. 6
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
398
369
404
389
347
334
325
320
336
329
323
326
322
312
315
317
315
305
306
308
302
317
296
295
296
292
284
262
252
247
232
12
13
12
12
14
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
13
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
10
11
11
11
11
^
. 9
. 6
. 9
. 9
. 3
. 5
.6
_ 7
9
. 6
.4
. 0
.7
IT
.1
.1
.8
.8
.5
. 9
.0
.1
.2
.2
.2
.8
.5
.8
_ 7
. 9
124
115
121
119
111
109
109
108
108
111
112
113
115
112
113
114
114
115
120
121
120
125
129
129
129
129
131
127
125
126
124
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
32
37
45
6 2
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
T
.0
.0
.0
.1
.0
.0
. 1
T
.5
.5
4WD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
18
18
22
15
16.
15
11
16.
12
13
15
13
17
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.3
.0
.4
. 3
3
T
. 2
. 9
. 3
. 3
. 7
^
.3
. 3
. 8
. 1
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
GARB
2 .6
DSL
0.0
HP/
WT
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
H-20D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-21 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 5500 Ib. Vans
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CLTY HWY 55/45
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
16
8
0
0
5
6
5
6
4
10
5
9
10
18
31
27
2 7
25
2 7
31
36
17
66
11
21
38
41
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.001
.001
. 000
. 000
. 000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.001
. 000
.001
. 001
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.001
.004
.001
.001
.002
. 002
11 .4
12 .4
12 .3
13 .4
18 .2
14 .5
12 .9
15.0
14 .6
14 .2
14 .4
14 .4
15 .2
15.9
16.1
16.2
16.2
15.8
17 .3
17 .4
17 .5
17 .2
17 .4
17 .5
18 .2
18 .7
19.5
9
10
9
10
14
11
10
12
11
11
11
10
11
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
.5
. 0
. 9
. 9
. 2
.4
. 3
.1
.4
.1
.4
. 9
. 6
. 2
.5
T
. 6
. 2
. 2
. 2
. 2
.1
.1
.4
.1
. 6
. 9
9
11
11
12
17
13
12
13
13
13
13
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
19
. 9
.2
.2
.1
.5
9
.0
.7
. 9
. 5
. 6
^
. 2
.7
.6
.6
_ 7
.4
.4
. 6
.8
.2
9
.4
.7
.1
.4
Percent of
MODEL
YEAR
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
17
0
1
0
17.
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.6
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.8
.0
. 9
. 9
. 2
3
0
4
2
0
1
0
32
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 1
.0
.4
. 3
. 6
.0
.0
.4
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0
0
0
2
83
59
44
35
50
29
45
95
100
93
78
74
70
61
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
. 0
.8
.0
.5
. 2
. 3
. 9
.0
. 7
.0
.0
.1
.0
T
.0
.1
. 8
.5
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
HP/
WT
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
377
356
346
337
369
362
351
286
346
346
343
347
334
323
321
316
314
314
288
296
294
296
314
298
312
318
304
15
16
15
16
17
15
14
15
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
15
12
12
11
12
10
11
10
10
10
.6
. 0
. 9
.8
. 2
.8
.1
9
.2
.2
.5
.0
.8
.4
^
.6
.8
.0
.4
.1
.8
.1
.8
.6
.4
.0
.5
112
108
109
106
105
109
115
110
119
119
118
120
117
115
115
114
113
112
124
125
127
126
133
128
137
141
138
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
H-21D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-22 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 6000 Ib. Vans
MODEL SALES < FUEL E
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ
55/45 CLTY
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
004
000
001
002
002
11
11
13
12
10
10
11
12
12
21
93
22
21
21
21
20
15
21
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
18
19
18
.1
. 9
. 0
.5
. 6
. 9
. 9
.6
. 9
. 3
. 1
. 9
. 7
. 3
.5
.4
. 0
. 3
.5
. 1
. 1
. 3
.4
.0
.0
. 1
.5
.3
. 3
9
9
10
10
8
9
9
10
10
16
17
17
16
16.
16.
15
11
16.
11
12
12
12.
12.
12.
12.
12
13
14
14
14
.1
. 7
. 9
.4
.4
.1
.5
.1
3
. 6
.6
.4
. 3
. 2
T
. 2
.4
. 7
. 1
. 1
. 3
.0
.4
.1
.0
. 1
.8
.0
OMY >
DJ ADJ
WGHT
LB
ENG
CID
INE
HP
0-60
TIME
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
TON
-MPG
WY 55/45
.7
. 6
.2
. 9
.1
.4
.8
.6
.8
. 5
. 9
.6
. 2
.2
.1
.2
.5
.8
. 9
.5
. 6
.8
9
. 5
.0
.2
. 0
. 6
.1
.1
9 .
10.
11.
10.
9.
9 .
10.
10.
10.
18.
19.
19.
18.
18.
18.
17.
12.
18.
13.
13.
13.
14.
14.
13.
13.
13.
14 .
15.
16.
15.
.4
. 1
. 0
. 6
. 1
.2
. 1
.7
. 9
.2
_ 7
^
.5
.2
.4
.4
.8
. 1
. 3
_ 7
.8
.0
.0
.7
.8
. 6
. 6
.8
^
. 6
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
317
325
318
324
460
400
350
366
366
376
379
379
379
379
379
379
352
379
351
344
350
331
330
329
330
330
330
322
322
322
148
144
148
154
270
187
165
150
150
133
130
130
126
130
135
140
202
145
204
197
205
226
226
234
250
260
254
281
277
279
17
17
17
16
10
14
16
17
17
19
19
19
20
19
18
18
13
17
13
14
13
12
12
12
11
11
11
10
10
10
.1
.5
. 3
.8
.8
.6
.1
.4
.4
.2
.5
^
. 0
^
9
.4
_ 7
. 9
. 6
.1
.5
. 5
. 5
.2
. 5
.2
.4
.5
.7
. 6
105
103
105
106
135
114
109
105
105
101
100
100
99
100
101
103
118
104
119
117
119
124
124
126
130
132
131
138
137
137
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.470
.445
.468
.475
.587
.467
.471
.410
.410
.354
.343
.343
.332
.343
.356
.369
.574
.383
.582
.570
.587
.683
.684
.709
.759
.787
.771
.871
.859
.864
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
.0248
.0240
.0247
.0256
.0450
.0312
.0275
.0250
.0250
.0222
.0217
.0217
.0210
.0217
.0225
.0233
.0337
.0242
.0341
.0328
.0342
.0377
.0376
.0390
.0417
. 0433
.0424
.0468
.0462
.0464
28.
30.
33.
31.
27 .
9 •-i
30.
32 .
32.
55.
59.
58.
55.
54.
55.
52.
38.
54.
39.
41.
41.
42.
42.
41.
41.
40.
43.
47.
49.
46.
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
4WD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
95
0
3 9
7
22
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 2
.0
.1
. 1
.6
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
85
85
65
64
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 3
. 7
.6
3
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
. 2
.6
. 9
.4
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
0
0
97
97
9 9
9 9
98
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 9
.8
.4
.1
. 6
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
FIVE
H-22D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-23 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 6500 Ib. Vans
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CLTY HWY 55/45
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
HP/
WT
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
GARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
H-23D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-24 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 2000 Ib. SUVs
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CLTY HWY 55/45
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
HP/
WT
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
GARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
H-24D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-25 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 2250. Ib. SUVs
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CLTY HWY 55/45
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
HP/
WT
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
H-25D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-26 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 2500 Ib. SUVs
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CLTY HWY 55/45
MODEL
YEAR
DRLVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP
LB CID HP TIME SPD
25.
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
HP/
WT
.556 0.0336
.580 0.0350
. 620 0.0372
.825 0.0320
.827 0.0310
.829 0.0300
.827 0.0310
.825 0.0317
.829 0.0315
.840 0.0325
.979 0.0380
. 979 0.0380
.979 0.0380
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
H-26D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-27 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 2750. Ib. SUVs
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CLTY HWY 55/45
WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP
LB CID HP TIME SPD
HP/
WT
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
14.
15.
15.
15.
17.
21.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24 .
24.
24 .
24.
24.
24.
2 6 ,
26.
2 6 ,
3
. 1
.8
.4
. 6
.8
.8
. 3
.5
. 6
. 6
^
. 1
.2
^
. 1
. 3
.4
.4
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
GARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
H-27D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-28 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 3000 Ib. SUVs
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
< FUEL ECONOMY >
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP
LB CID HP TIME SPD
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
HP/
WT
MODEL
YEAR
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
0.0
H-28D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-29 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 3500 Ib. SUVs
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CLTY HWY 55/45
1976
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
HP/
WT
MODEL
YEAR
1976
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
12.
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
20.
18.
18.
18.
19.
18.
18.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
16.
17.
19.
20.
21.
20.
21.
22 .
2 2 .
2 2 .
23.
.2
. 2
.8
_ 7
. 0
.8
. 5
9
. 6
. 1
. 2
.0
. g
^
.0
.0
. 2
. 9
.4
. 2
.4
. 5
.4
. 1
.0
. 3
. 1
. 3
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
350
304
285
304
173
169
168
167
171
191
210
236
235
219
227
228
224
233
232
176
161
142
157
155
155
156
159
149
161
122
115
130
110
108
104
104
119
134
147
157
160
156
174
177
177
184
185
150
148
147
152
164
169
168
175
162
10
13
14
12
14
14
15
15
13
12
11
11
10
11
10
10
10
9
9
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
.6
.1
.1
.5
.5
. 5
.1
.0
.5
. 5
. 6
.0
. 9
.3
.3
.2
. 0
.7
.5
.5
. 6
. 5
. 3
.6
.4
.4
.1
_ 7
126
112
109
115
107
107
105
105
111
116
121
124
125
124
131
131
132
134
134
122
121
121
123
127
128
128
131
126
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.459
.402
.401
.428
. 636
. 643
.619
.630
.706
.710
.712
.673
. 687
.714
.764
.772
.797
.793
.807
.881
. 951
.058
.019
.080
.094
.082
. 101
.095
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
.0459
.0349
.0329
.0371
.0314
.0309
.0297
.0299
. 0342
.0382
.0421
.0449
.0456
.0446
. 0499
.0505
.0507
.0526
.0530
.0429
.0422
.0420
.0436
.0470
.0482
.0481
.0499
.0463
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
6
g
7
0
4
1
2
5
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
29
57
74
66
77
71
84
85
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.5
.0
. 2
.6
. 2
T
.4
. 9
.3
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
22
19
13
19
9
27
14
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 3
_ 7
. 9
.8
.0
IT
.1
.4
_ 7
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
H-29D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-30 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 4000 Ib. SUVs
MODEL
YEAR
SALE:
(000)
FRAC
LAB
55/45
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
26
35
48
56
13
7
7
8
67
122
173
154
184
259
348
202
463
371
576
565
575
537
617
841
964
944
936
884
875
1064
1041
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.003
.003
.003
.004
.001
.001
.001
.001
.007
.009
.012
.010
.012
.017
.024
.016
.037
.030
.044
.040
.038
.041
.043
.058
.063
.058
.059
.055
.055
.067
.061
13
13
14
14
14
16
16
19
21
21
22
21
20
20
21
20
20
20
20
19
19
19
20
20
21
21
21
21
22
22
23
.2
.3
.5
. 2
.4
.0
. 9
.4
. 9
.8
.0
.1
.4
.8
. 2
.5
. 9
.4
.5
. 7
.5
. 9
~-i
.1
. 7
Q
. 9
. 7
. 9
FUEL ECONOMY
ADJ ADJ
CITY
10
10
11
11
11
13
13
15.
16.
16.
16.
16.
15
16.
16.
16.
16.
15
15
15
15
15.
15.
15.
16.
16.
16.
17
17.
17
18
.4
.4
.5
. 2
. 6
.0
.4
. 3
. 7
.6
. 6
.3
. 7
. 2
.6
.1
. 2
. 7
. 6
. 2
. 0
. 3
.6
. 9
.4
.4
. 7
n
.8
.4
. 2
HWY
12
12
13
13
13
14
15
18
21.
22
22
20
20
20
20
19
20
20
20
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
22
22
23
.4
. 6
. 6
.4
. 0
.4
.7
.2
.8
.0
. 6
.7
.1
.0
.2
.6
.5
.2
.5
. 3
. 2
.6
.7
.4
.7
.5
.2
i\
. 6
.7
ADJ
WGHT
LB
ENG
CID
INE
HP
0-60
TIME
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
55/45
11.
11.
12.
12.
12.
13.
14.
16.
18.
18.
18.
18.
17.
17.
18.
17.
17.
17.
17.
16.
16.
17.
17.
17.
18.
18.
18.
18 .
19.
19.
20.
.2
. 3
.4
. 1
. 2
. 6
.4
. 5
_ 7
. 6
.8
.0
.4
.7
.0
^
. 9
. 5
.5
.8
. 6
.0
.2
. 6
. 1
. 0
.5
7
.5
.4
.4
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
315
324
321
332
248
250
260
257
175
177
173
165
172
190
213
196
231
232
250
241
237
249
239
238
226
226
217
204
201
216
197
132
137
139
139
110
100
113
111
110
110
110
121
127
135
146
141
155
165
189
184
183
187
188
185
188
186
194
193
198
205
197
14
13
13
13
16
17
15
15
16
16
16
14
14
13
12
13
12
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
10
.1
. 6
.5
. 3
. 2
. 3
.7
9
.0
.0
. 0
.8
. 3
.7
.8
.1
. 3
.8
.5
_ 7
.8
. 5
. 5
.7
. 5
. 6
. 3
0
.2
. 9
.2
111
113
113
113
104
101
105
104
104
104
104
108
109
112
116
114
119
122
130
128
128
129
129
129
130
129
132
131
133
135
132
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
n
0.
0.
1.
.419
.426
.435
.423
.440
.402
.434
.431
.631
.626
.636
.738
.737
.723
.703
.738
. 681
.713
.761
.774
.784
.765
.799
.790
.850
.841
. 917
. 965
997
. 964
.008
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
n
0.
0 .
0.
.0329
.0344
.0347
.0348
.0275
.0251
.0282
.0277
.0275
.0275
.0275
.0304
.0317
.0337
.0366
.0353
.0388
.0412
.0472
.0459
.0457
.0469
.0470
.0463
.0470
.0466
.0486
"483
.0494
.0513
.0493
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
41.1
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
H-30D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-31 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 4500 Ib. SUVs
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CLTY HWY 55/45
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
HP/
WT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.004
.004
. 007
.008
.004
.004
.004
.005
.005
.004
. 004
.003
. 002
.002
.002
.005
.021
.021
.023
.039
.042
.056
.058
.050
.049
.055
.063
.095
.059
.075
.067
13
13
15
14
12
14
15
15
15
14
15
15
14
15
14
17
19
19
19
19
19
20
19
20
19
19
20
19
20
21
21
.5
. 9
.4
. 7
. 9
.5
.8
~-i
. 7
.8
.0
.6
. 6
.0
. 9
.5
. 8
.4
. 7
. 9
. 9
.8
.1
T
. 9
.4
. 9
T
. 2
.1
10
11
12
11
10
11
12
12
12.
11
12
12.
11
12
11
13
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
^
. 0
.3
. 7
.4
T
.5
.4
.5
.8
.0
.4
.5
.0
.8
T
. 2
.1
. 2
.4
.3
.4
.4
.1
. 2
. 7
. 3
.8
. 2
.1
12
13
14
13
11
13
14
14
14
13
13
14
13
13
13
16
19
18
19
19
19
20
19
20
19
19
20
19
20
21
21
.6
. 0
.2
. 6
_ 7
.1
.7
.6
. 6
.7
. 9
.6
.8
. 9
9
.8
.5
. 9
.1
. 6
. 6
.3
.6
.0
.3
_ 7
.1
.8
.7
. 2
^
11.
11.
13.
12.
10.
12.
13.
13.
13.
12.
12.
13.
12.
12.
12.
14.
16.
16.
16.
17.
17.
17.
16.
17.
16.
17.
17.
17.
17.
18.
18.
IT
.8
. 1
.5
. 9
. 3
.4
. 3
. 3
. 6
.8
^
.5
.8
.7
. 9
. 9
. 6
.8
. 0
. 0
. 3
9
.2
.8
. 0
.4
. 0
.7
. 1
. 1
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
351
349
345
343
334
313
317
316
317
320
321
325
325
311
311
221
227
220
217
229
233
251
252
251
259
254
237
243
237
234
231
157
150
150
157
140
138
137
139
135
134
145
142
144
147
151
153
167
167
167
177
174
176
181
184
199
196
207
225
227
231
231
13
14
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
15
14
14
14
14
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
9
9
.4
. 0
.8
. 3
. 6
.8
.8
.6
. 9
.0
.1
.4
. 2
.0
.8
.6
. 6
.6
. 6
.1
. 3
.2
q
.8
.1
.2
_ 7
.1
.0
.8
. 9
115
113
113
115
110
110
109
110
109
108
112
111
111
112
113
114
118
118
118
121
120
121
123
124
128
127
130
136
137
138
138
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
.446
.430
.436
.459
.420
.446
.435
.443
.430
.420
.456
.438
.450
.494
.505
.740
.742
.764
.778
.776
.754
.708
.724
.745
.777
.783
.886
. 931
. 969
.998
.006
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
.0348
.0333
.0334
.0350
.0311
.0308
.0304
.0309
.0301
.0298
.0323
.0315
.0320
.0328
.0335
.0341
.0371
.0372
.0372
.0393
.0386
.0391
.0402
.0410
.0442
. 0437
.0460
.0501
.0506
.0515
.0513
26.
2 6 .
29.
2 8 .
24 .
28.
30.
30.
30.
28.
29.
30.
28 .
29 .
28.
34.
38.
37.
37.
38.
38.
39.
38.
38.
37.
3 8
39.
38 .
40.
41.
40.
.0
.8
. 6
. 2
.8
.4
. 5
. 3
.4
.7
. 2
.4
. 3
. 1
.7
. 1
. 1
.4
. 9
.5
.5
.0
.2
.8
9
. 3
.4
.4
.0
. 0
.8
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
0
0
0
0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.4
. 0
.0
.3
.5
56
57
74
81
84
92
94
89
98
93
72
80
70
7 6
74
91
9 9
9 9
9 9
100
90
74
79
89
91
91
71
73
67
69
6 6
. 9
T
. 2
.5
. 3
3
.4
.6
.0
.0
. 2
T
.4
. 8
. 0
. 6
T
T
.0
.4
. 7
.0
8
. 2
. 6
.8
.4
.6
. 6
.4
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
GARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
H-31D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-32 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 5000 Ib. SUVs
MODEL
YEAR
SALE:
(000)
FRAC
LAB
55/45
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
67
101
6 6
114
172
60
43
37
54
121
133
135
97
101
112
83
51
36
46
51
70
82
119
265
356
254
160
404
638
660
717
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.007
.008
.005
.008
.012
.005
.004
.004
.005
.009
. 009
.009
. 007
.007
.008
.007
.004
.003
.003
.004
.005
.006
.008
.018
.023
.016
.010
.025
.040
.041
.042
11
12
13
13
11
14
15
15
15
15
15
16
15
16
15
16
15
15
16
16
17
17
18
17
17
17
17
18
19
19
19
.1
. 8
. 6
. 0
.4
.0
. 3
.1
. 7
. 3
. 7
.4
. 7
.1
. 9
.0
. 8
. 7
. 1
.5
. 0
.0
.0
. 3
.4
. 6
. 1
Q
.4
.4
FUEL ECONOMY
ADJ ADJ
CITY
9
10
11
10
9
11
12.
12.
12
12.
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
.4
.5
. 2
.5
.5
.0
3
.0
. 3
.8
. 3
.5
.4
. 2
. 2
.0
.4
. 7
. 0
.1
.8
. 3
.4
.0
i\
. 7
. 7
HWY
9
11
12
11
9
12
14
14
15
14
15
15
15
15
15
16
15
15
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
19
19
19
.4
.5
. 0
_ 7
. 9
9
.1
.1
.0
.6
. 0
.8
. 0
.5
.4
.0
. 6
.6
. 0
.2
.8
.8
.8
. 5
.4
.8
. 3
Q
.5
.5
.6
ADJ
WGHT
LB
ENG
CID
INE
HP
0-60
TIME
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
55/45
9 .
10.
11.
11.
9.
11.
13.
12.
13.
13.
13.
14.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
14.
15.
14.
14.
15.
14 .
16.
16.
16.
16.
.4
. 9
.5
. 0
. 6
9
.0
9
.4
.0
.4
.0
.4
.7
. 6
.7
.5
.4
.8
. 1
.5
. 5
.4
.8
9
.1
. 6
2
.5
.5
. 6
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
347
357
350
370
351
343
328
330
328
330
330
324
326
330
328
331
312
292
313
310
322
318
308
317
307
295
282
255
259
266
263
157
151
160
168
152
159
154
156
157
163
168
163
175
181
178
184
188
174
200
202
199
216
226
223
234
229
233
244
256
266
263
14
15
14
13
15
14
14
14
14
14
13
14
13
13
13
12
12
13
11
11
12
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
.4
. 0
.4
_ 7
. 2
. 3
.7
.6
.5
.1
_ 7
.1
.5
.2
.3
. 9
_ 7
.5
. 9
.8
. 0
.3
.8
9
.6
_ 7
. 6
2
.8
. 6
.6
112
110
113
115
110
112
111
112
112
114
115
114
117
119
118
120
121
117
124
125
124
129
132
131
134
132
134
137
140
143
142
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
.453
.421
.457
.454
.433
.463
.473
.476
.482
497
.510
.503
.535
.545
.540
.553
. 604
.622
. 646
. 659
. 625
.685
.738
.705
.779
.784
.847
. 976
.002
.015
.019
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
.0315
.0301
.0320
.0336
.0303
.0317
.0309
.0311
.0315
.0327
.0337
.0326
.0350
.0362
.0357
.0369
.0375
.0348
.0400
.0404
.0398
.0431
.0453
.0446
.0468
.0459
.0467
.0489
.0513
.0531
.0526
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
98
97
96
97
68
78
75
79
72
76
73
72
97
99
99
100
100
9 9
100
100
75
7 2
26
58
54
68
97
88
86
74
74
. 7
. 9
.4
. 3
. 1
.4
. 3
. 2
.6
. 2
.0
.8
.3
. 1
.4
. 0
.0
. 9
.0
.0
. 9
.0
.2
8
.4
.0
.1
.4
. 9
. 9
. 1
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
0.0
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
i.4
: .4
H-32D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-33 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 5500 Ib. SUVs
MODEL
YEAR
FRAC
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
6
7
10
12
59
6
3
23
20
21
18
18
52
65
41
41
25
45
71
92
142
141
307
273
199
302
402
278
317
360
447
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.001
.001
.001
.001
.004
.000
.000
.002
.002
. 001
. 001
. 001
.004
.004
.003
.003
.002
.004
.005
. 007
.009
.011
.021
.019
.013
.018
.025
.017
.020
.023
.026
10
11
11
11
10
13
14
21
20
17
16
15
16
16
17
17
17
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
.5
. 2
. 7
. 8
.6
.8
.1
. 2
. 9
. 1
. 7
.8
.5
.5
.3
. 2
.3
.8
. 8
. 9
.4
.4
.0
.5
. 2
.5
.4
. 3
.6
.8
8
9
9
9
8
11
11
16.
15
13
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
12
12.
12
13
13
13
12
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
.5
.1
.4
. 6
. 9
.0
.4
.5
.6
. 9
. 3
.0
. 9
~j
. 2
. 0
.0
.5
. 9
. 9
.0
.4
. 9
. 2
.0
.4
.0
.0
. 3
.4
9
10
10
10
9
12
12
20
19
17
16
15
16
16
18
17
17
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
18
17
18
18
18
18
. 6
.2
p 7
. 6
.1
9
9
.4
.8
.4
. 0
_ 7
^
^
.1
. 9
^
. 2
.7
. 6
. 5
. 3
. 5
.1
. 9
. 0
_ 7
.4
.1
IT
.7
8 .
9.
10.
10.
9 .
11.
12.
18.
17.
15.
13.
13.
14.
14.
15.
14 .
14.
13.
14.
14 .
14.
14.
14.
14 .
14.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
16.
. 9
. 6
. 0
. 1
.0
.7
.0
. 0
. 3
. 3
_ 7
.4
2
. 1
.0
.8
.7
. 9
.4
. 3
.4
9
.8
.5
. 9
. 6
.8
_ 7
. 6
. 9
. 1
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
Percent of 5500 Ib. SUVs:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
H-33D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-34 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 6000 Ib. SUVs
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1980
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
FRAC
WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP
LB CID HP TIME SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
8
9
9
9
10
16
16
16.
16
16.
16.
14
12
12
12
11
12
12
12.
12
12
12.
12
12
13
13
13
13
14
.3
.5
.5
. 2
. 3
.5
.0
.1
8
. 1
. 1
.1
. 2
.1
.3
.1
.5
.1
. 7
.8
.5
8
.0
.5
. 3
.5
.0
9
11
11
10
13
20
20
20
21
22
20
18
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
18
. 3
.0
. 0
. 2
.2
. 5
.4
.8
.7
.1
_ 7
. 0
.6
. 9
^
. 0
.7
.5
.4
. 9
.6
.4
9
. 3
. 3
_ 7
.5
_ 7
3
8 .
10.
10.
9.
11.
18.
17.
17.
18.
18.
17.
15.
13.
13.
13.
12.
13.
13.
13.
14 .
14.
13.
14.
14 .
14.
15.
14 .
15.
15.
7
.1
. i
_ 7
.4
. 1
.7
. 9
. 3
.8
. 9
. 6
^
. 6
.4
_ 7
^
_ 7
.4
. 3
.2
.8
. 1
. 2
. 3
. 1
. 9
. 1
.7
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1980
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
100
100
100
100
3
100
100
100
47
49
56
70
97
97
96
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
93
84
75
76
81
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.4
.0
.0
.0
. 3
.0
.8
.0
. 2
.5
. 2
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.4
.5
. 1
.8
. 2
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
12
12
11
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
7
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
T
. 8
.6
.5
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
. 3
.0
. 7
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
0
0
0
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
90
92
9 9
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 9
T
.0
.3
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
FUEL
FI
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9 .
37 .
94 .
95.
96.
100.
100.
100.
100.
9 9
QQ
9 9
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
9 9 ,
100.
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
T
.6
. 2
.1
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.5
f\
^J
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 9
. 0
METERING
PORT TBI
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
9 9
99
9 9
100
100
100
100
100
9 9
100
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.5
6
T
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 9
. 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
37
94
95
96
100
100
100
99
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.1
.7
.6
.2
.1
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
H-34D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-35 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 6500 Ib. SUVs
MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVESD
YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK FI PORT TBI GARB DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
H-35D
-------
Table H-36
Appendix H
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 2000 Ib. Pickup
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
41
41
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
H-36D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-37 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 2250. Ib. Pickup
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
33.2
Percent of 2250. Ib. Pickup:
MODEL
YEAR
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
41
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
H-37D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-38 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 2500 Ib. Pickup
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
90.5
65.8
86.5
0.0 95.8
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
H-38D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-39 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 2750. Ib. Pickup
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
MODEL
YEAR
24
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
H-39D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-40 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 3000 Ib. Pickup
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1 992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Percent of 3000 Ib. Pickup:
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
H-40D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-41 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 3500 Ib. Pickup
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1 992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
348
319
328
275
208
213
247
210
178
174
180
167
178
183
195
186
199
187
186
178
167
157
154
157
162
163
161
168
154
164
166
156
138
143
132
106
113
112
108
107
104
109
119
121
129
132
135
137
131
134
132
131
129
123
130
133
135
138
146
135
152
155
11.1
12.3
12. 1
12.9
15.0
14 .3
14 .2
14 .4
14 . 6
15.0
14 .3
13.5
13.4
12.7
12. 6
12 .3
12.1
12.6
12.4
12 .7
12.6
12 .8
13.1
12. 6
12.4
12 .3
12.1
11.5
12.4
11.2
11.0
124
117
119
115
106
108
108
107
106
105
107
111
111
114
115
116
117
115
116
115
115
114
112
115
116
116
118
120
116
122
123
HI
C~
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
3 /
[D
.447
.440
.442
.497
.531
.557
.472
.545
.618
.615
,641
,726
, 696
,719
, 696
,741
,712
,719
,738
,752
804
828
815
840
827
842
867
884
889
936
937
I
I
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0
0 .
0.
iP/
-------
Appendix H
Table H-42 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 4000 Ib. Pickup
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
733
906
855
951
606
439
587
396
332
406
385
465
271
370
369
342
353
332
313
536
292
286
425
437
420
481
436
385
396
365
403
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
. 072
.073
.061
.066
.044
. 039
.056
.041
.032
.029
.027
.030
.018
.024
.026
.027
.028
.027
.024
.038
.019
. 022
. 029
. 030
.028
. 029
.028
.024
.025
. 023
.024
14 .
15.
16 .
16 .
15 .
18 .
19.
18 .
18 .
18 .
18 .
19.
19 .
19.
20 .
20 .
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
21 .
21 .
21 .
20.
20 .
20.
20.
21.
21 .
23 .
1
3
7
1
9
7
2
7
5
5
5
2
1
7
1
2
4
4
5
9
9
6
5
3
7
8
7
9
4
8
1
11
12
13
13
12.
14 .
15.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16 .
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
17 .
17.
.0
. 2
.4
.0
. 9
. 9
. 2
. 9
_ 7
. 6
.8
. 3
. 2
.4
. 6
.5
. 7
, 7
. 9
, 2
. 3
. 7
.5
.4
0
2
1
4
7
0
8
13.6
14.3
15.3
14 .4
14 .4
17.4
17 . 9
17 .4
17 .4
17.4
17.2
17.8
17.8
18.9
19. 6
19.8
20.0
20.2
20.1
20.4
20.3
21.2
21.1
20. 8
20.1
20 . 2
19.9
19.8
20.5
21.2
22.6
12
13
14
13
13
15
16
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
17.
17.
18 .
18 .
18 .
17.
17 .
17.
17.
18.
18 .
19.
. 0
. 1
. 2
. 6
.5
. 9
. 3
.9
. 8
. 7
.8
. 3
.3
. 8
. 2
. 2
.4
.4
. 5
.8
.8
.4
. 3
2
. 6
.8
. 6
. 8
. 3
. 6
. 7
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
33
32
32
31
30
28
28
29
29
28
29
9 7
27
28
2 6
2 7
26
25
23
24
23
23
24
2 3
23
22
22
22
21
20
20
143
135
144
144
142
127
128
130
130
127
139
134
141
154
159
162
159
154
155
169
164
173
184
178
172
171
184
183
178
188
196
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
13
13
13
12
12
11
12
12
12
11
11
11
10
11
11
11
10
10
11
10
10
5
5
8
3
3
1
9
1
4
3
5
7
2
7
0
3
4
7
8
1
6
3
115
112
115
115
114
109
110
110
110
109
114
112
114
118
120
121
120
118
119
123
122
124
128
126
124
124
128
128
126
129
132
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
o
o
o
0
0
0
0
0
o
o
o
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
433
412
445
453
465
451
451
446
446
442
479
505
530
555
607
612
623
628
669
715
727
734
756
766
755
779
819
836
844
913
959
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
o
o
o
0
0
0
0
0
o
o
o
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0358
0338
0359
0361
0356
0317
0320
0325
0324
0317
0349
0336
0353
0385
0397
0405
0397
0386
0388
0423
0411
0432
0461
0446
0431
0429
0460
0457
0445
0470
0490
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
39.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
28
48
39
28
31
36
54
68
6 6
77
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.8
. 6
.4
. 6
.0
.4
. 8
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
17
60
71
6 8 .
64
45
31
34
22
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.6
.4
.6
.4
.0
. 6
.2
. 0
.8
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
H-42D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-43 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 4500 Ib. Pickup
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
SALE;
(000)
180
375
539
578
631
247
210
193
247
385
428
439
353
596
641
506
435
513
614
684
744
543
611
585
624
766
518
555
511
438
374
FRAC
0
0
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0,
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
n
0
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
.018
.030
. 038
.040
.045
.022
.020
.020
.024
.027
.030
.029
.024
.039
.044
.040
.035
.042
.046
.049
.049
.041
.042
040
041
047
033
035
032
028
022
LAB
55/4
11 .
12 .
13 .
13.
14 .
15.
16.
17 .
17 .
16.
16.
17 .
17 .
17 .
17 .
18 .
18.
18.
19.
18.
18.
18 .
19 .
19 .
19.
20 .
20.
19.
20.
20.
20.
5
8
6
7
6
2
7
8
1
0
8
8
4
2
8
8
0
1
4
0
T
6
9
8
8
9
0
0
8
2
2
8
FUEL E
ADJ
CITY
9
10
11
11
11.
12.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
15 .
15 .
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
. 6
. 3
.2
.2
.8
. 6
.4
_ 7
.5
.4
.4
9
. 6
. 9
. 9
. 9
.0
.1
.5
. 3
, 2
.5
1
^
4
4
3
6
6
9
CONOMY
ADJ
HWY
10
11
12.
12.
12 .
14 .
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
16.
16.
17.
17 .
17 .
17.
18.
18.
18.
18.
18 .
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
20.
. 6
^
, 2
. 1
_ 7
^
.5
_ 7
.8
. 6
.5
.2
. 1
.1
, 2
.5
. 9
. 3
. 9
.6
.4
i 7
7
a
6
6
6
4
8
7
^
ADJ
55,
10
10
11
11
12
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
15.
16.
16 .
16 .
16.
17 .
17.
16.
17.
17 .
17.
/45
. 0
.7
. 6
^
. 2
^
. 3
.5
.5
. 3
.8
. 6
.1
. 2
.3
.5
T
.2
.0
.8
. 1
9
9
. 9
. 1
.0
. 9
. 3
. 2
.8
WGHT
LB
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
ENG
CID
365
365
369
361
320
323
314
311
310
310
310
307
316
322
320
318
315
310
306
311
308
305
283
289
287
281
264
262
261
253
247
UNE
HP
166
161
169
163
145
147
147
156
151
150
159
155
168
174
174
171
176
171
177
186
182
201
212
216
224
224
210
213
212
211
219
0-60
TIME
12
13
12
12
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
12
12.
12
12
12
12
12
11
11
11.
10.
10 .
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
. 9
.2
. 6
. 9
. 3
. 1
. 0
.4
.8
. 9
.1
.5
. 7
.4
.4
.5
. 3
.6
.7
. 9
. 1
l\
3
. 1
. 1
. 6
.5
IT
.5
.2
TOP
SPD
118
117
119
117
112
112
112
115
113
113
116
115
119
120
121
120
121
120
121
124
123
129
132
133
136
136
131
132
132
132
134
HP/
CID
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0.
0.
0 .
n
n
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
.451
.439
.459
.453
.459
.456
.472
.504
.488
.483
.513
.503
.531
. 539
.542
.536
.555
.550
.579
.600
.593
.660
. 753
. 752
.780
.798
.796
.811
.814
.840
.892
HP/
WT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
n
n
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.0369
.0358
. 0377
.0363
.0323
.0326
.0327
.0347
.0335
.0333
.0354
.0344
.0374
. 0387
.0388
.0381
.0390
.0380
.0394
.0414
.0404
.0447
0472
"481
.0497
.0498
.0468
.0473
.0472
.0470
.0488
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING D
FI PORT TBI
CARB D DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
100.0 0.0 0.0 O.OD
92.7 0.0 7.3 O.OD
90.9 0.0 9.1 O.OD
84 . 6 0.0 15.4 O.OD
87.8 0.0 12.2 O.OD
88.9 0.0 11.1 O.OD
76.6 0.0 23.4 O.OD
H-43D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-44
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 5000 Ib. Pickup
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1 992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
SALES
100) FRAC
122
188
172
198
404
147
53
97
69
85
92
93
74
164
129
223
138
235
258
414
453
390
573
525
628
707
928
780
870
618
731
0
0
0,
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
.012
.015
.012
.014
. 029
.013
. 005
.010
.007
.006
. 006
.006
.005
.011
.009
.018
.011
.019
. 020
,030
.030
.030
.040
.036
.041
043
059
04 9
055
039
043
LAB
55/4
11 .
11 .
12 .
12 .
12 .
15 .
16 .
18.
18.
17.
16 .
16.
16 .
16.
16 .
16.
16 .
16.
16 .
17.
16.
17.
18.
17.
18.
18.
18 .
18 .
18 .
19 .
19.
FUEL E
ADJ
5 CITY
0
T
9
8
9
9
9
9
0
4
3
^
0
4
0
4
2
T
9
o
8
3
2
6
1
4
6
7
9
1
4
9
9
10
10
10.
12.
13.
15.
14 .
13.
12 .
12.
12 .
12.
12 .
12.
12.
12.
13 .
13.
12 .
13.
13.
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
.0
.6
. 6
.5
.8
.7
.5
.0
.1
. 6
_ 7
.7
_ 7
.8
. 6
^
.5
.8
. 0
, 0
. 9
, 2
. 9
.4
. 9
. 3
. 3
4
. 6
8
9
CONOMY
ADJ
HWY
9
10
11.
11.
11 .
14 .
15.
17.
17.
16.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
16.
15.
16.
16 .
16.
16.
17.
18.
17.
17.
17.
18.
18 .
18 .
18 .
19.
.7
.3
.4
. 3
. 2
. 6
. 6
^
.1
. 6
_ 7
. 6
.1
.8
, 2
, 2
. 7
.6
, 7
, 7
. 7
.4
.2
.8
9
9
3
2
4
6
^
ADJ
WGHT
LB
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60
TIME
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
55/45
9 .
9 .
11.
10.
11 .
13.
14 .
16.
15.
14 .
13.
13.
13.
14 .
13.
14 .
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
16 .
16 .
16.
. 3
9
. 0
.8
. 0
^
.4
.0
. 3
.8
.9
. 9
. 6
.0
. 6
.0
. 8
. 3
. 4
,5
.4
.8
6
1
5
7
8
9
1
3
6
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
371
367
378
370
372
351
333
336
334
322
322
321
332
342
322
337
333
330
333
336
337
334
319
327
322
317
314
305
304
302
305
165
159
167
170
157
153
141
140
150
155
162
162
183
193
187
198
198
189
IPO
202
202
225
229
236
245
252
255
260
259
264
279
14
14.
14.
13.
15.
14 .
15.
15.
15.
14 .
14 .
14 .
12 .
12.
12.
12.
12 .
12.
12 .
11.
11 .
10.
10.
10.
10.
9.
9 .
9 .
9 .
9 .
9 .
.1
. 5
. 0
.5
. 1
9
.8
. 9
. 0
. 6
. 1
.1
.9
. 3
. 7
.1
. 1
^
n
, 9
. 9
. 9
.7
.4
2
9
8
7
7
7
^
114
112
115
116
112
111
107
107
110
111
113
113
119
122
120
124
123
121
124
125
125
131
132
134
137
139
140
141
141
142
146
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
.443
.430
.440
.462
.419
.436
.425
.420
.458
.487
.505
.507
.550
.565
.588
.591
.598
.571
. 599
,601
,601
675
722
724
763
797
813
854
852
871
910
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
n
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
.0331
.0318
. 0334
.0341
.0315
.0306
.0282
,0280
,0301
,0311
,0324
,0324
,0366
,0387
,0373
,0397
,0396
,0377
,0399
0404
0405
0451
0459
0473
0491
0504
0509
0521
0518
0527
0558
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRI
VET RAIN
FRONT
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0
0
0
0
o
o
o
o
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
o
o
o
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
4WD
26.4
26.9
23.5
36.6
8 .3
53.2
55.4
43.4
65.2
74 .8
85. 9
89.6
95.4
74 .8
78 . 9
65.5
86.9
78 .2
86.6
87.0
83. 9
70.7
60.1
75.4
73.5
78 . 9
46.9
51.3
49.6
45.9
24 .5
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
5.1
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVESD
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
0.3 14.6
H-44D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-45
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 5500 Ib. Pickup
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
< ---- FUEL ECONOMY ---- >
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CLTY HWY 55/45
WGHT
LB
ENGINE
ID HP
0-60
TLME
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
53
102
91
120
83
14
2
17
10
8
5
^
1
1
1
1
3
9
8
21
29
64
275
112
130
72
258
280
271
271
546
0
0
0
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
n
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.005
.008
.006
. 008
. 006
.001
. 000
.002
.001
.001
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
000
.001
.001
,001
.002
.005
.019
.008
.009
.004
.016
.017
.017
.017
032
8
9
9
10
9
10
10.
17.
17.
17.
16.
16.
16.
13.
15.
14 .
13.
12.
13.
13.
12 .
11.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12 .
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
. 3
. 3
. 7
. 0
.5
.7
.5
^
. 3
. 3
.5
. 5
.4
. 6
. 1
. 6
. 6
. 6
.1
.1
. 2
.6
. 9
,4
, 3
, 2
,4
,0
, 2
,4
,2
8
10
10
10.
9.
12.
12 .
21.
21.
20.
20.
20.
20.
15.
18 .
17.
17 .
16.
16.
16.
15.
15.
17.
16.
16.
16.
16.
17 .
16.
18.
18.
.7
.2
.4
.8
.8
.2
.4
. 3
. 2
IT
. 2
.1
. 3
.4
. 2
.5
.1
.0
. 8
,4
, 7
,6
, 3
,8
,6
8
,4
. 0
. 9
1
2
8.
9 .
10.
10.
9 .
11 .
11 .
19.
18.
18.
18 .
18.
18 .
14 .
16.
15.
14 .
13.
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
15.
15.
. 5
.7
. 0
. 3
. 6
.3
. 3
. 1
. 9
. 6
. 0
.0
.0
.4
. 3
,8
, 9
. 9
,5
,4
,5
,1
,5
,1
. 9
. 9
. 9
5
6
8
7
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRI
VET RAIN
FRONT
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0
0
0
0
o
o
0
o
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
o
0
o
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
4WD
84 . 9
87.1
76.0
91.0
3. 9
84 .0
44.3
100 .0
100 .0
97 .0
83.2
84 .4
80.0
97 . g
100 .0
94 .8
97.5
99 . 6
99.9
95.5
96.8
99.1
99.7
94 .7
92.7
85.8
97 .7
73.6
65.6
71.8
63 . 9
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
H-45D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-46 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 6000 Ib. Pickup
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
1978
1979
1980
1985
1988
1989
1990
1991
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
< FUEL ECONOMY >
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
HP/
CID
MODEL
YEAR
1978
1979
1980
1985
1988
1989
1990
1991
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
16
17.
16.
18.
17.
19.
18.
17 .
15.
15.
15.
15.
12.
11.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
.8
. 9
9
.8
.8
. 3
. 3
.8
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.2
.4
. 8
. 9
.5
.1
. 6
, 2
106
106
106
100
103
9 9
101
103
112
112
113
113
126
131
128
127
138
141
137
141
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
H-46D
-------
Appendix H
Table H-47 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 6500 Ib. Pickup
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
0-60
TIME
TOP
SPD
10.4
11.3
11.8
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
Z ARE
DSL
HP/
CID
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
H-47D
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA420-R-05-001
July 2005
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2005
Appendix I: Data Stratified by
Vehicle Type and Drive Type
Robert M. Heavenrich D
Advanced Technology DivisionD
Office of Transportation and Air Quality D
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency D
NOTICED
This Technical Report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. D
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. D
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate an exchange q/D
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments. D
-------
Table 1-1
Appendix I
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Front Drive Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
84 .4
54 .
6 7 .
74
83
89
98
9 9
100
100
100
100
q q
100
9 9
QQ
QQ
QQ
Q Q
QQ
9 9
9 9
.5
. 3
.8
. 7
.4
. 8
. 9
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 9
.0
.8
Q
7
7
5
5
.6
.6
21
33
38
48
58
75
77
90
91
93
98
98
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
.0
.1
.0
.5
.0
.2
^
. 3
. 9
. 9
.6
.7
.0
.7
8
7
IT
5
.6
.6
I-1D
-------
Table 1-2
Appendix I
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Rear Drive Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
< ---- FUEL ECONOMY ---- >
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
ENGINE
CID HP
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
7698
9161
10526
10100
9474
6553
5436
4188
3973
4830
3918
3068
2347
1879
1654
1268
1310
1467
1161
1274
1586
943
977
856
888
1186
1063
935
1152
1081
1361
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0,
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
.753
.743
.745
.699
. 682
.580
.515
.430
. 386
.345
.271
.200
.158
.123
. 114
. 101
.104
.121
.088
.090
.105
.072
. 068
.059
.058
.072
.068
.058
.073
,068
.079
4146
4133
4034
3694
3604
3296
3333
3384
3547
3514
3576
3547
3608
3689
3708
3724
3726
3760
3814
3840
3784
3862
3827
3771
3799
3699
3717
3784
3872
3889
3962
111.
110.
110.
105.
108 .
109.
113.
110.
110.
107.
107 .
110.
Ill .
108 .
109.
113.
113.
111.
109.
110.
109.
104 .
105.
103.
101.
98 .
100.
101 .
108.
. 6
. 6
.8
. 9
. 6
. 9
. 6
. 1
. 6
.7
_ 7
.8
. 7
.5
. 3
.6
.1
, 2
.0
.5
. 6
.0
T
.5
.4
.5
.8
.4
.0
0-60
TIME
14 . 1
14 .4
13. 9
13.6
13.7
14 .2
14 .4
14 .1
13.6
13.3
12.7
12.3
12 .0
11.6
11 . 9
11.7
10.7
10.7
10.5
10.0
10.1
9.7
9.5
9.1
8.8
112
111
112
112
111
108
107
109
111
113
116
117
120
122
121
123
129
129
132
135
134
137
139
142
145
146
146
149
150
150
152
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
1 .
1.
1 .
1 .
1 .
HP/
CID
. 502
.491
. 504
.522
.527
.554
. 548
. 553
. 549
.569
, 600
. 625
,660
. 675
. 675
. 732
.783
.834
.817
.819
.884
828
882
924
968
020
031
050
096
094
104
0
0
0
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
HP/
WT
. 0333
.0325
.0336
.0345
.0342
.0323
.0320
.0330
.0346
.0356
.0378
.0393
.0409
.0428
.0415
.0429
.0475
.0475
.0497
.0516
.0509
.0535
.0547
.0577
.0596
.0610
.0609
.0628
.0636
.0635
.0645
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
TRAN
MANU
16.
14 .
13.
14 .
15.
24 .
20.
19.
14 .
16.
15.
17 .
18.
16.
14 .
17 .
15.
10.
11 .
12 .
12 .
14 .
13.
15.
15.
18 .
16.
18.
15.
19.
12 .
SI
A
6
5
0
9
9
4
3
5
3
1
1
0
3
1
9
5
8
6
4
6
9
9
9
~j
9
3
8
3
5
T
T
3SION FUEL METERING
LOCK FI PORT TBI
4 .3
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
I-2D
-------
Table 1-3
Appendix I
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Four Wheel Drive Cars
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Percent of Four Wheel Drive Cars:
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
2500
3149
2929
3122
2689
2913
2584
2929
2928
2827
2845
3234
3289
3492
3216
3442
3310
3397
3397
3525
3558
3603
3831
3828
3867
3876
3951
100
100
102
103.
98 .
106.
115.
113.
114 .
109.
95.
115.
109.
109.
111.
117.
115.
118.
119.
120.
119.
119.
115.
110.
102.
119.
117.
. 5
.8
t 7
. 1
. 9
. 6
.8
.2
_ 7
.2
. 3
.7
.5
.1
, 2
. 3
.4
.6
.3
, 8
. 8
.0
.6
.7
.8
7
97
173
157
165
118
135
101
120
115
112
115
125
130
140
127
140
135
145
147
149
149
153
157
155
166
164
175
98
9 9
101
101
100
100
99
105
105
109
112
113
121
137
117
118
121
124
126
128
129
132
136
136
135
135
142
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
1.
1 .
0.
1 .
1.
1.
1.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
. 691
.541
.576
. 564
. 675
.643
. 703
. 789
.811
.890
. 948
.959
. 104
.400
. 008
. 991
.056
.045
086
136
152
191
292
320
241
230
312
0
0
0
0
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
n
0 .
.0268
.0257
.0284
.0271
.0279
.0274
.0275
.0312
.0313
.0346
. 0378
.0367
. 0433
.0552
.0400
.0404
.0430
.0449
.0470
,0479
,0481
,0501
,0523
,0528
,0518
0518
,0564
29
28
30
33
36.
34 .
36 .
33.
3 3
34 .
35 .
37 .
37 .
38 .
38 .
38 .
39.
38.
39 .
39 ,
39 .
40.
41 .
42 .
42 .
42 .
42 .
.4
.0
. 3
.4
. 3
.4
. 1
. 6
.5
. 6
. 3
.0
. 3
.5
. 3
.5
, 1
,8
. 6
, 9
, 9
,5
,5
, 3
, 3
. 6
. 9
MODEL
YEAR
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
14 .1
1-3 D
-------
Appendix I
Table 1-4 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Front Drive Vans
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
0.425 0.0329
0.536 0.0231
0.680 0.0293
0.681 0.0294
0.669 0.0291
0.741 0.0347
0.765 0.0359
0.776 0.0350
0.733 0.0354
TON
-MPG
Percent of Front Drive Vans:
MODEL
YEAR
1981
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
DSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
1-4 D
-------
Appendix I
Table 1-5 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Rear Drive Vans
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
< ---- FUEL ECONOMY ---- > WGHT ENGINE
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
457
502
514
625
480
242
244
310
382
525
593
776
786
713
829
589
526
600
658
585
492
336
387
274
311
282
272
157
141
152
120
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
o
0
o
0
o
0
0
0
o
0
o
o
0
0
0
.045
.041
. 036
.043
.035
.021
.023
.032
. 037
.037
.041
.051
.053
.047
.057
.047
.042
.049
. 050
.041
. 033
.026
.027
.019
. 020
.017
.017
.010
.009
.010
.007
13
13
14
14
13
16
17
17
17.
17.
18 .
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
20 .
19.
20 .
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
18.
19.
18 .
18 .
19.
19.
19.
.1
. 9
. 7
. 2
.5
.6
IT
.3
_ 7
.7
. 0
. 5
. 6
.8
.8
. 3
. 1
,8
, 2
,5
. 0
, 2
,8
5
9
1
9
7
4
4
7
10
11
11
11
11
13
14
13
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
14
15
15
15
15
14
14
15
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
. 6
. 1
. 9
. 6
.1
.0
. 9
. 1
.0
. 3
.4
. 3
. 3
. 3
9
. 4
. 3
. 5
.0
. 6
. 7
. 1
. 9
. 5
. 7
.4
.4
9
.0
. 1
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
ARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVESD
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
1-5 D
-------
Appendix I
Table 1-6 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Four Wheel Drive Vans
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
< ---- FUEL ECONOMY ---- > WGHT ENGINE
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
MODEL
YEAR
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
I-6D
-------
Appendix I
Table 1-7 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Front Drive SUVs
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
Percent of Front Drive SUVs:
MODEL
YEAR
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
CARB
DSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
Z D .
100.
0.
45.5
18 . 0
7 . 6
6. 1
20. 4
FIVE
1-7 D
-------
Table 1-8
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
Appendix I
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Rear Drive SUVs
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
11
11
12
11
9
12
13
17
1 8
16
17
16.
17.
17.
17.
17.
18 .
17.
17 .
17.
17 .
17.
17.
17.
17 .
17.
17 .
17.
16.
16.
17.
. 3
. 2
.4
8
8
.6
.4
n
. 9
. 2
.7
. 6
.7
. 6
. 1
. 0
.8
.1
. 9
,3
,5
, 7
,6
,0
. 3
,5
1
8
8
1
4374
4423
4379
4410
4915
5039
4895
4138
3921
4112
4033
4142
4074
4064
4078
4290
3918
3882
3994
3990
4179
4199
4222
4223
4455
4360
4382
4626
4901
4894
4931
324
326
317
316
344
341
326
267
237
247
237
248
232
244
262
264
228
221
247
230
240
241
240
247
263
248
244
256
270
277
272
148
145
146
147
144
161
162
126
122
128
128
139
151
155
163
170
151
158
181
170
168
180
186
190
203
198
209
229
244
255
257
)-60
'If
3
4
3
3
5
4.
3 .
4 .
4 .
4 .
4 .
3 .
2 ,
2.
1.
2 .
2 .
2 .
1 .
1.
2 .
i.
i.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
9 .
9 .
4E
.8
. 1
. 9
. 7
. 6
. 9
. 8
.5
.5
. 3
. 7
_ 7
. 3
. 9
,0
, 5
,0
. 0
, 5
. 0
4
1
9
8
9
4
1
0
7
7
TOP
SPD
113
112
113
113
109
113
114
109
108
109
109
112
117
118
121
121
118
120
127
124
122
125
126
128
129
129
132
136
138
141
141
HP/
CID
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
.452
.445
.461
.470
.430
.472
. 4 97
.492
.548
.549
.571
.603
.676
.662
.641
.666
. 674
.726
.745
.761
.728
,769
,800
. 792
,793
,818
,878
905
911
930
950
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
HP/
WT
.0335
.0327
.0332
.0334
.0292
.0321
.0330
.0313
.0316
.0313
.0318
.0338
.0372
.0387
.0405
.0400
.0384
.0406
,0453
,0427
,0406
,0430
,0440
,0450
,0454
,0453
0476
0496
0501
0525
0521
TON
-MPG
25
25
2 7
2 6
24
31
33
36
35
35
35.
34 .
35.
35.
35.
36.
35.
34 .
34 .
35.
36.
36.
37 .
37 .
37 .
37 .
38.
39 .
41.
41.
42.
.1
.5
. 7
.4
. 2
.1
. 3
.0
. 6
.1
. 0
.7
. 6
. 6
_ 7
. 3
.3
.5
,3
,4
, 1
,8
, 2
,1
. 9
7
1
5
1
0
2
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
1-8 D
-------
Appendix I
Table 1-9 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Four Wheel Drive SUVs
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
11
11
12
12
11
13
14
14
15
16.
16.
17.
17 .
17.
16.
16.
17 .
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
17 .
16.
17 .
17.
17.
17.
17.
.0
8
. 9
. 3
. 1
.4
.5
. 9
. 3
.8
. 3
. 6
.4
. 9
. 9
.1
,6
, 8
,6
,5
,8
, 9
. 9
. 0
. 9
3
2
IT
7
7
4169
4293
4200
4251
4329
4135
4134
4403
4188
3979
4014
3885
3795
3819
4005
3998
4117
4162
4267
4278
4275
4335
4392
4414
4411
4536
4472
4585
4672
4682
4752
329
337
335
342
325
289
286
300
257
223
210
200
204
214
237
226
230
232
239
240
241
258
250
249
241
247
232
238
239
243
243
145
140
143
149
143
127
128
130
124
119
120
125
134
141
153
151
160
168
177
179
178
188
187
188
197
202
908
224
227
235
242
13
14
13
13
13.
14.
14 .
15.
15.
15.
15.
14 .
13.
12 .
12.
12.
12 .
11.
11 .
11.
11.
11.
11.
11 .
11 .
11.
10 .
10.
10.
10.
9 .
.2
. 0
.5
. 2
. 9
.8
.5
. 1
. 1
. 1
. 1
.2
, 4
9
,5
, 6
. 3
9
. 6
6
6
3
4
4
0
0
. 6
.2
0
9
115
112
113
115
113
108
109
108
107
107
107
110
113
115
118
117
119
122
124
124
124
126
125
126
128
128
131
135
135
137
138
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
1 .
.440
.412
.425
.433
.442
.451
.456
.443
.513
.561
.594
. 666
. 688
.691
.671
.701
.712
.741
.761
.763
.761
.744
,770
,781
,847
,842
, 930
962
978
987
014
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
.0361
.0332
.0345
.0353
.0336
.0306
.0313
.0300
.0300
.0299
.0297
.0323
.0352
.0370
.0385
.0381
,0391
,0409
,0421
,0422
,0420
,0436
,0426
,0428
,0448
0446
0466
0489
0487
0502
0507
22
25
2 6
2 6
23
27
29
3 2
33 .
33.
34 .
3 3 .
33.
33.
34 .
33.
35.
34 .
35.
35.
35.
36.
37 .
37 .
37 .
38.
38 .
39 .
40.
41.
42.
.6
. 1
. 9
.0
. 9
.6
.8
.7
.8
.0
. 2
9
.5
.2
. 0
.7
,4
,6
, 9
,5
,4
,5
,0
,3
. 6
3
6
5
8
3
1
Percent of Four Wheel Drive SUVs:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
I-9D
-------
Appendix I
Table 1-10
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Front Drive Pickups
MODEL
YEAR
< ---- FUEL ECONOMY ---- > WGHT ENGINE
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
MODEL
YEAR
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
I-10D
-------
Appendix I
Table 1-11
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Rear Drive Pickups
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
< ---- FUEL ECONOMY ---- > WGHT ENGINE
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1161
1476
1593
1656
1930
1108
1164
1154
1238
1526
1550
1895
1598
1760
1586
1322
1443
1356
1449
1886
1521
1382
1574
1574
1392
1610
1544
1373
1498
1017
1404
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 114
. 120
. 113
. 115
. 139
.098
.110
.119
.120
.109
. 107
. 123
. 108
.115
.110
.105
.115
.111
. 110
.134
. 100
.105
.109
.109
.091
.097
.099
. 085
.095
.064
.082
14
15
16
16
15
20
21
22
2 2
22
21
23.
23.
22.
22 .
21.
22 .
21.
22 .
22.
21 .
22.
21.
22.
21 .
21.
20.
20.
21.
21.
20.
.5
.4
8
. 7
.5
.1
.1
.0
. 6
.1
. 9
.0
.5
. 5
. 2
.7
. 9
9
. 2
. 3
. 8
.0
, 9
. 3
.5
. 6
. 7
.5
.0
.0
.8
11
12
13
13
12
16
16
17
17
17
17
18
18
17
17
16
17
16
17
17
16
16
16
17
16
16
15
15
16
16
15
.4
. 3
.5
. 6
f 7
.0
T
.4
. 9
.4
. 3
. 2
. 4
. 6
3
9
f 7
9
. 1
.2
. 8
9
.8
. 1
. 5
. 6
. 9
8
. 2
. 2
. 9
Percent of Rear Drive Pickups:D
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
FUEL METERING D
FI PORT TBI CARB D DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
I-11D
-------
Appendix I
Table 1-12 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Four Wheel Drive Pickups
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
< ---- FUEL ECONOMY ---- > WGHT ENGINE
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
182
390
433
612
277
302
242
255
359
505
528
638
548
699
645
512
477
484
553
783
750
573
834
841
1152
1003
975
inna
976
996
1058
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
n
0
o
0
.018
.032
.031
.042
.020
.027
.023
.026
. 035
.036
.037
.042
.037
.046
.045
.041
.038
.040
.042
.055
.050
.044
.058
.058
.076
.061
. 062
"63
.062
.063
.062
11.4
12.4
13. 6
13.5
15. 6
16.9
19.6
19.7
20. 3
19.7
19.9
20.2
20.0
19.3
19.0
18.6
18. 9
18.5
18.8
18. 6
18.0
18.3
18.2
18.3
18.2
18.9
18. 1
18 .2
18.5
19.1
19.1
9
10
11
11
13
13
15
15
16
15
15
16
15
15
14
14
14
14
14
14
13
14
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
^
. 1
. 1
. 1
. 0
. 6
.7
.8
.1
. 6
f 7
.0
.8
. 1
9
.4
f 7
^
.5
.4
. 9
. 1
9
.0
. 1
f 7
. 0
. 1
^
.8
.7
154
154
164
160
132
126
115
119
117
120
129
130
137
156
158
166
167
167
172
180
185
204
218
213
227
224
235
242
248
240
272
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
13.
12.
12.
12.
12 .
12.
12 .
12 .
11 .
11.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9 .
.2
. 2
. 4
. 5
. 2
, 6
. 6
. 7
.8
.8
. 0
.0
. 4
. 6
.7
IT
. 2
. 6
. 3
. 1
. 9
.2
, 1
.0
.8
.5
. 3
. 3
. 1
. 3
. 7
113
113
116
115
110
108
107
107
107
107
110
110
113
117
117
119
120
119
120
122
123
128
129
130
132
133
135
136
138
136
142
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0,
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0,
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
.437
.428
.452
. 468
.551
.552
.561
.552
.564
.564
.597
.634
. 648
.644
.638
.637
.666
.638
.661
.668
. 655
.719
.729
.745
.763
.791
.802
.834
.855
.871
.925
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
.0322
.0323
.0351
.0345
.0325
.0308
.0307
.0306
.0301
.0302
.0323
.0327
.0347
.0375
.0372
.0380
.0388
.0376
. 038 6
.0396
.0400
.0437
.0439
.0445
.0459
.0473
.0481
.0486
.0500
.0483
.0521
Percent of Four Wheel Drive Pickups:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
I-12D
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA420-R-05-001
July 2005
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2005
Appendix J: Data Stratified by
Vehicle Type and Transmission Type
Robert M. Heavenrich D
Advanced Technology DivisionD
Office of Transportation and Air Quality D
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency D
NOTICED
This Technical Report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. D
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. D
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate an exchange q/D
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments. D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-l
Characteristics of 1978 to 2005 OTHER Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD CID
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TON CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG -MPG TON-MPG
Percent of OTHER Cars:
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
J-1D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-2
Characteristics of 1978 to 2005 M-3 Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
HP/ TON CU-FT CU-FT-
WT -MPG -MPG TON-MPG
22.1
21.1
21.4
102
111
115
15.(
MODEL
YEAR
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
J-2D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-3
Characteristics of 1978 to 2005 M-4 Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD CID
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TON CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG -MPG TON-MPG
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
100.0
100.0
100 .0
100 .0
100 .0
100.0
100 .0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100 .0
100.0
100 .0
100.0
100 .0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100 .0
21.2
.5
.5
. 6
. 3
. 6
. 6
. 3
.6
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
5
9
14
14
19
20
31
69
97
95
100
100
100
_ 7
.0
.4
.2
.5
. 9
. 9
^
.5
.8
.0
.0
. 0
2 8 .
18.
9.
31.
36.
44.
58.
30.
2 ,
4.
0.
0.
0 .
.8
.4
.1
.2
. 1
_ 7
.4
. 1
.5
.2
.0
.0
. 0
J-3D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-4
Characteristics of 1978 to 2005 M-5 Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
Percent of M-5 Cars:
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
3 .4
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
95
100
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
8
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 1
. 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
J-4D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-5
Characteristics of 1978 to 2005 M-6 Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
HP/
CID
TON CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG -MPG TON-MPG
MODEL
YEAR
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
J-5D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-6
Characteristics of 1978 to 2005 A-3 Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/
FRAC LAB ADU ADU ADU LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD CID
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TON CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG -MPG TON-MPG
MODEL
YEAR
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
J-6D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-7
Characteristics of 1978 to 2005 A-4 Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
ENGINE
CID HP
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
TON CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG -MPG TON-MPG
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Percent of A-4 Cars:
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2004
2005
J-7D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-E
Characteristics of 1978 to 2005 A-5 Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY
~LC.
2 0.
3 0.
6 0.
6 0.
5 0.
13 0.
9 0.
1 0.
1 0.
6 0.
5 0.
6 0.
5 0.
.000
.000
. 001
.001
. 001
.001
. 001
.000
. 000
.001
.001
.001
.001
21
21
20
19
22
23
23
22
22
22
23
22
23
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
HP/
CID
TON CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG -MPG TON-MPG
143
143
138
133
130
134
134
148
148
161
163
170
169
1.260
1.260
1. 192
1. 180
1 . 113
1. 113
1 . 113
1 . 331
1 . 331
1.378
1 . 358
1.423
1 . 381
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
J-8D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-9
Characteristics of 1978 to 2005 A-6 Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
HP/ TON CU-FT CU-FT-
WT -MPG -MPG TON-MPG
11.4
11.9
13.2
1048
1313
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
J-9D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-10
Characteristics of 1978 to 2005 L-3 Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/
FRAC LAB ADU ADU ADU LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD CID
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
Percent of L-3 Cars:
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0 .
0.
0.
0.
15.
21.
31.
49.
61.
56.
58.
60.
56.
56.
20.
19.
21.
3 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
. 0
.0
. 0
. 3
_ 7
.8
. 0
.2
.8
.2
.8
^
. 0
.8
.8
. 6
.7
. 1
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
100.
100.
91.
87 .
77 .
75.
61 .
43.
28 .
2 9 .
15.
11.
1 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
. 0
.0
_ 7
.8
. 1
.8
.8
.7
.5
.4
. 9
. 9
. 9
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
0 .
0.
8.
11 .
5.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.0
.0
3
. 9
. 2
.4
. 7
.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
J-10D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-ll
Characteristics of 1978 to 2005 L-4 Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
ENGINE
CID HP
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
TON CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG -MPG TON-MPG
Percent of L-4 Cars:
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
J-11D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-12
Characteristics of 1978 to 2005 L-5 Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD CID
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TON CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG -MPG TON-MPG
of L-
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0 100.0
0 100.0
0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
J-12D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-13
Characteristics of 1978 to 2005 L-6 Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
HP/
CID
TON CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG -MPG TON-MPG
0 0.000 14.5 10.5 16.0
0 0.000 14.5 10.5 16.0
24 0.003 22.1 16.3 23.7
72 0.009 24.2 17.9 25.6
177 0.022 25.1 18.5
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
J-13D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-14 Characteristics of 1978 to 2005 L-7 CarsD
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGLNE 0-60 TOP HE
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD CI
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
Percent of L - ^
MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVES
YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK FI PORT TBI CARB DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
J-14D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-15
Characteristics of 1978 to 2005 CVT Cars
< FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY
> WGHT VOL
ADJ LB CU-FT
55/45
ENGLNE
CID HP
66
73
73
73
73
115
115
115
115
115
74
101
114
101
151
15.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
11 ,
11 .
11 .
11.
11 .
17 .
15.
11 .
10.
10.
. 3
.3
.3
.3
. 3
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
. 1
.5
. 2
.8
.5
Percent of CVT Cars:
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
J-15D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-16
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 OTHER Vans
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
WT
15.6
15.7
15.7
15.5
15.7
15.6
Percent of OTHER Vans:
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
Z ARE
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
J-16D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-17
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 M-3 Vans
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
WT
Percent of M-3 Vans:
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
J-17D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-18
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 M-4 Vans
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY >
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
TOP
SPD
HP/ TON
WT -MPG
15.7 107
22 .5
0 0
5.470 0.0290
5.476 0.0236
).451 0.0243
5.463 0.0231
).473 0.0245
1.559 0.0265
).600 0.0263
5.582 0.0269
5.601 0.0272
5.666 0.0284
5.662 0.0263
5.698 0.0225
5.698 0.0209 33.
Percent of M-4 Vans:
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
J-18D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-19
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 M-5 Vans
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/ TON
WT -MPG
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
Z ARE
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
J-19D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-20
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 A-3 Vans
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY
WGHT
LB
ENGINE
CID HP
TOP
SPD
HP/
WT
148
137
130
135
133
127
121
115
136
139
131
151
142
174
160
175
168
170
215
14.
15.
15.
15.
15.
14 .
14 .
15.
14 .
14 .
14 .
13.
14 .
13.
14 .
13.
14 .
14 .
10.
. 5
. 5
. 6
.2
. 1
^
_ 7
.2
. 1
.2
. 1
IT
.9
.4
. 7
.5
.1
.1
.3
Percent of A-3 Vans:
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
1 .
100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
J-20D
-------
Table J-21
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
Appendix J
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 A-4 Vans
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
CITY HWY 55/45
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
HP/ TON
WT -MPG
11.4 13.7
11.4 13.4
10.
12.4
12.2
12.8 11.5
Percent of A-4 Vans:
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
J-21D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-22
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 L-3 Vans
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY >
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
TOP
SPD
HP/
WT
14.
14.
14 .
14 .
18 .
14 .
13.
13.
13.
12.
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
13.
12.
12.
12.
12 .
12.
12 .
12 .
12 .
12.
12.
.4
.2
.5
. 3
. 1
q
_ 7
. 9
.0
. 6
. 1
. 1
.4
.0
.0
.8
.8
.5
, 8
.5
.5
.5
.5
.4
, 2
111
111
111
112
99
109
114
113
115
116
114
110
109
111
114
116
115
118
116
117
118
118
118
118
121
MODEL
YEAR
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
J-22D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-23
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 L-4 Vans
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
WT
MODEL
YEAR
1981
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
J-23D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-24
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 L-5 Vans
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
WT
Percent of L-5 Vans:
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
J-24D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-25 Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 CVT Vans
MODEL SALES < ---- FUEL ECONOMY ---- > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVESD
YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK FI PORT TBI CARB DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
J-25D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-26 Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 OTHER SUVs
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
1983 1 0.003 13.7 10.6 13.3 11.6 5000 318 160 14.3 113
Percent of OTHER SUVs:D
MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVESD
YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK FI PORT TBI CARB DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
J-26D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-27
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 M-3 SUVs
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/ TON
WT -MPG
16
15
16
16
17
15
16
16
16
15
15
14
15
21
.6
.6
.5
. 3
.5
.6
. 9
T
.4
.6
. 8
. 9
. 0
.2
13
12
13
13
14
12.
13.
13.
13.
12.
12.
11.
11 .
16.
.8
. 5
.4
.1
. 0
.2
. 6
.4
. 1
^
. 6
.7
. 9
. 6
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
Z ARE
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
J-27D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-28
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 M-4 SUVs
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY
ENGINE
CID HP
TOP
SPD
HP/ TON
WT -MPG
14.
14.
14.
15.
14 .
15.
16.
14 .
14 .
13.
9 .
. 5
9
. 0
.0
.5
.2
. 2
. 1
IT
.0
. 3
Percent of M-4 SUVs:
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
1.5
J-28D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-29
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 M-5 SUVs
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
WT
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
MODEL
YEAR
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN TRANSM
FRONT 4WD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
2
2
2
1
11
14
28
14
40
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.8
. 1
. 9
. 9
. 9
.4
.6
.8
. 9
.6
. 1
.6
100
90
92
94
97
96
91
86
88
78
69
74
73
79
59
70
74
75
76
67
68
62
80
51
.0
.4
~j
. 7
.4
. 7
. 7
8
.6
.5
. 9
.4
.4
. 2
. 0
.3
.4
.5
.8
^J
. 9
.4
.0
.0
MANUAL
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
93
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
2.4
J-29D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-30 Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 M-6 SUVsD
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVES
YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK FI PORT TBI CARB DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
J-30D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-31
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 A-3 SUVs
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/ TON
WT -MPG
27 .5
29.1
28.
28.
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
Z ARE
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 99.6
0.0 100.0
0 88.1
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
J-31D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-32
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 A-4 SUVs
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
WT
Percent of A-4 SUVs:
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
J-32D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-33
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 L-3 SUVs
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY
WGHT
LB
ENGINE
CID HP
TOP
SPD
HP/
WT
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1 995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
27 0
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
13
13
14
14
15
16
15
15
13
12
13
11
11
11
11
11
10
3
3
3
5
5
7
9
9
4
2
3
4
3
0
0
5
5
3
4
2
2
1
0
4
112
113
112
110
110
106
106
109
113
112
104
102
101
104
104
110
114
108
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
1 6
1 1
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
447
470
4 68
436
410
607
632
669
702
456
825
825
681
748
749
834
893
979
808
812
758
755
753
805
0
0
0
0
o
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
o
o
o
0
0322
0319
0319
0316
0317
0311
0305
0330
0345
0322
0320
0291
0270
0300
0301
0360
0387
0347
0437
0448
0434
0438
0442
0478
MODEL
YEAR
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
J-33D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-34
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 L-4 SUVs
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
WT
MODEL
YEAR
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
J-34D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-35
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 L-5 SUVs
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
WT
297 0.121
411 0.159
394 0.139
390 0.124
534 0.155
935 0.223
968 0.235
1506 0.324
2088 0.470
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
J-35D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-36 Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 L-6 SUVsD
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG
CITY HWY 55/45
MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVES
YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK FI PORT TBI CARB DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
J-36D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-37
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 CVT SUVs
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
WT
Percent of CVT SUVs:
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
J-37D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-38
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 OTHER Pickup Trucks
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
;ITY
/45
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
HP/
WT
Percent of OTHER Pickup Trucl
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
J-38D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-39
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 M-3 Pickup Trucks
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
WT
14
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
J-39D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-40
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 M-4 Pickup Trucks
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
WT
Percent of M-4 Pickup Trucks:
MODEL
YEAR
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
J-40D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-41
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 M-5 Pickup Trucks
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
WT
4
7
4
8
0
8
4
2
2
0
2
2
8
3
^
7
2
8
0
8
2
0
5
4
0
0
8
2810
2788
2867
2955
3059
3069
3109
3133
3127
3382
3495
3540
3439
3585
3548
3639
3781
3739
3778
3759
3800
3822
3909
3991
3946
3990
3927
132
129
134
139
144
141
146
143
147
181
189
193
186
193
187
186
197
187
189
184
192
192
198
206
195
212
189
89
91
85
88
94
92
100
101
103
115
122
130
127
130
131
133
139
142
149
150
156
160
164
176
168
188
173
14 .
13.
15,
15.
14.
14.
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
13.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
10.
11.
. 2
9
.2
. 1
. 5
.8
. 0
.0
9
. 6
.2
_ 7
.7
.8
. 6
.8
. 6
.4
. 1
. 0
.7
. 6
.5
. 0
.4
IT
.0
41.1
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
3
19
27
31
30
35
28
28
29
28
2 7
21
23
24
24
23
21
19
25
29
24
25
31
28
42
23
.0
.8
.5
.1
.0
.0
.2
. 7
. 2
.1
. 2
.4
.8
. 0
. 2
.5
.0
.5
. 3
.4
. 6
. 9
.1
.0
.5
.5
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
80
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 3
J-41D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-42
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 M-6 Pickup Trucks
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT
CITY HWY 55/45
MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVES
YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK FI PORT TBI CARB DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
J-42D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-43
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 A-3 Pickup Trucks
FRAC
WGHT
LB
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60
TIME
TOP
SPD
HP/
WT
1297
277
207
196
239
297
268
236
200
199
101
47
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
.588
.193
.144
.136
.147
.146
.129
.093
.093
.081
.045
.026
14
17
17
17
17
17
16
17
16
16
16
16
.0
. 3
. 6
. 1
. 9
.1
.5
~j
. 7
.8
. 0
.4
149
129
125
129
116
130
154
145
157
168
170
183
14.
14.
14.
14 .
14 .
14.
12.
13.
13.
12.
12.
11.
.2
. 1
.5
. 1
. 6
. 1
.8
^
. 0
^
. 6
. 6
113
110
109
110
108
111
117
115
117
119
119
125
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
.456
.492
.455
.459
.502
.501
.507
.516
.522
.546
.533
.566
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
.0336
.0327
.0315
.0325
.0313
.0334
.0372
.0358
.0363
.0380
.0378
.0422
MODEL
YEAR
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
4 .2
J-43D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-44
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 A-4 Pickup Trucks
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
WT
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
42
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
J-44D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-45
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 L-3 Pickup Trucks
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
14 .
14.
14 .
13.
13.
14 .
13.
13.
14.
14.
15.
14.
12.
14 .
14.
. 2
.4
. 0
. 6
. 9
. 1
.4
^
.0
3
.0
.1
. 9
.5
. 5
111
111
112
112
113
111
114
114
111
109
107
111
117
109
109
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
.454
.458
.483
.546
.503
.502
.536
.535
.502
.512
.533
.556
.531
.531
.531
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
.0330
.0320
.0331
.0346
.0338
.0328
.0350
.0350
.0334
.0322
.0304
.0334
. 0366
.0314
.0315
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
J-45D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-46
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 L-4 Pickup Trucks
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
WT
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
53
150
337
405
465
564
485
855
886
890
877
953
1103
1575
1350
1251
1749
1660
2008
2097
1982
1903
1674
1424
1392
13
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
14
15
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
14
14
15
15
15
.8
.8
.6
.3
.7
_ 7
_ 7
.1
.0
. 6
.0
. 6
.8
.8
^
_ 7
.7
.8
.7
. 3
.6
. 6
.2
.4
.2
18.
19.
19.
19.
20.
19.
20.
19.
19.
18.
19.
19.
19.
19.
18.
19.
19.
19.
18.
19.
18.
18.
19.
19.
19.
. 0
.2
. 5
.4
.2
_ 7
. 3
. 3
.0
.8
^
. 0
.2
. 1
IT
. 1
.2
.5
9
.5
.7
.5
.1
. 2
. 6
15.
17.
17.
16.
17.
17.
17 .
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
15.
16.
16.
16.
16.
17 .
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
.4
.2
.2
9
.5
. 3
.5
_ 7
. 6
. 3
.7
. 3
^
.5
. 9
.4
.5
. 6
. 3
. 0
.2
. 1
_ 7
. q
. 9
4030
4713
4134
4115
3913
3966
3855
4091
4108
4266
4139
4306
4337
4342
4457
4458
4649
4534
4675
4472
4741
4887
4750
4917
5161
13.
14.
13.
14.
13.
13.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
11.
11.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9 .
. 2
. 6
9
.0
.8
o
.5
. 1
.0
. 2
.0
. 3
. 9
.5
. 6
. 1
.8
.8
.7
. 6
.4
. 2
. 3
. 2
.8
114
112
112
111
111
114
118
121
122
121
121
120
122
125
124
128
131
130
132
132
134
136
136
137
141
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.470
.465
.524
.521
.558
593
. 645
. 606
599
. 601
.607
.594
.622
.648
. 642
.702
.740
.749
.768
.798
.803
.834
.845
.881
.915
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
n
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
.0353
.0321
.0336
.0328
.0336
"355
.0384
.0400
.0406
.0400
.0405
.0392
.0406
.0424
.0417
.0444
.0457
.0456
.0464
.0473
.0481
.0490
.0488
.0493
.0518
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0 .0
19.3
20.1
23.3
29.6
31 .8
28.0
31 . 9
30 .2
29.7
27.6
28.5
29.8
32 .5
39.8
34 . 1
39 .8
38 .5
48.6
40.7
41.3
44.4
42.1
52 .4
100 .0
100 .0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100 .0
100.0
100 .0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100
100.0
100 .0
100 .0
100 .0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100 .0
100 .0
o
J-46D
-------
Appendix J
Table J-47
Characteristics of 1979 to 2005 L-5 Pickup Trucks
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
0.656 0.0403
0.656 0.0418
0.656 0.0406
0.656 0.0406
0.831 0.0449
0.835 0.0439
0.834 0.0462
0.857 0.0485
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
J-47D
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA420-R-05-001
July 2005
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2005
Appendix K: Data Stratified by
Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count
Robert M. Heavenrich D
Advanced Technology DivisionD
Office of Transportation and Air Quality D
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency D
NOTICED
This Technical Report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. D
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. D
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate an exchange q/D
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments. D
-------
Table K-l
Appendix K
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Other Cars
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60
TIME
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
12 0
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0,
0.
0.
0.
n
0 .
0.
n
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.000
.000
. 000
.000
. 000
. 000
. 000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.001
.001
.001
.001
.000
.000
.000
.000
000
. 000
.000
000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.001
.001
11
11
11
11
11
13
16
16
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
17.
16.
18 .
17 .
17.
16 .
16.
17.
17.
16.
16.
16.
.5
.0
. 2
.4
.0
.1
.5
IT
.6
IT
.2
.7
. 1
.4
.8
. 6
. 3
.8
.2
_ 7
?
. 1
.5
. 1
.4
.5
. 3
8
.4
.5
8
8
g
9
8
9
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12 .
12 .
12 .
12 .
12.
12.
12.
12.
13 .
12 .
12.
11 .
11.
12.
12.
12 .
11.
11 .
.8
. 5
_ 7
.0
.8
. 9
.4
.4
.4
.4
.2
.7
. 1
. 3
.5
. 3
. 1
.4
.7
•^
3
. 2
^j
. 6
^j
.6
. 3
.0
.8
. 9
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
13.
17 .
17.
17.
16.
16.
16.
16.
17 .
17 .
17 .
17.
18.
18.
17.
20
19.
19.
18 .
18.
20.
19.
19.
18.
18 .
9 .
9
9 ,
9
9 .
11.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
13.
14 .
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
15.
14 .
15.
13.
14 .
15.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
.8
.4
. 6
.7
.4
•2
. 1
. 1
.2
. 1
. 9
.2
. 8
.0
.4
.3
,0
.4
•-J
•^
.7
.7
.0
. 9
.1
.1
. 9
.4
.1
. 2
4500
4500
4445
4500
4500
4224
4000
3989
3997
4000
3996
3991
4157
4310
4379
4409
4458
4412
4158
4439
4131
4218
4222
4274
4150
4239
4121
4098
4836
4709
91.6
93.4
92 .4
89.5
87.3
86.5
84 .9
84 . 1
82.5
75.4
94 .0
85.4
82.7
87 .0
87.2
81.0
70.8
82 3
79.8
75. 6
79 4
75.2
71.5
86.4
79.6
81.0
86.2
86.8
326
326
326
326
326
326
326
325
326
325
324
324
318
318
317
312
334
377
407
390
408
403
388
394
405
389
398
407
381
387
285
244
244
268
244
267
262
264
262
265
270
276
280
279
280
305
317
364
354
373
381
405
395
412
412
398
416
486
513
507
8 .
9
9 ,
8.
9 .
8.
8 .
8.
8.
7 .
7 .
7 .
7
B .
8.
7 _
7.
6.
6.
6 .
6 .
6 .
6.
6 .
5.
6.
5.
5.
5.
5.
. 2
. 3
. 2
. 6
. 3
•2
0
.0
.0
. 9
. 9
.8
.9
.1
.2
.7
•-J
.8
•-J
. 6
. 2
. 0
, 2
. 1
. 9
, 2
.8
.1
.4
4
154
142
142
149
142
152
154
155
154
155
157
159
157
155
155
162
165
182
183
183
193
199
195
200
203
196
204
227
219
220
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
o
0 .
1 .
1.
1 .
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1 .
. 874
.748
.748
.822
. 748
.818
.804
.813
.806
.816
.833
.855
. 884
. 880
. 889
. 977
, 949
. 981
. 878
975
. 950
. 018
.027
.062
.033
.034
060
227
376
338
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
n
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
. 0633
.0542
.0550
.0595
.0542
.0633
. 0655
.0663
.0657
.0663
.0676
.0692
. 0674
.0650
. 0642
.0695
.0715
.0848
.0876
0853
.0952
.0992
.0963
. 1002
.1032
.0968
.1036
. 1213
.1100
. 1118
22
21
21
21
21
24
28
28
28
28
27
28
2 8
30
31
31
31
31
30
32
32
31
32
30
29
33
31
30
34
33
. 1
.1
3
.8
.1
.1
. 3
.2
. 3
.2
. 9
.8
.8
.5
. 6
.5
.2
. 6
. 5
0
.5
.5
.2
. 1
.6
.1
.5
. 3
. 3
. 6
878
906
866
1027
1234
1226
1204
1189
1159
1100
1311
1215
1195
1249
1209
1150
1029
1185
1262
1136
1231
1071
1025
1389
1259
1216
1227
1243
PERCENT OF Other Cars:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
100
100
100
100
100
64
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.5
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
100
100
100
100
100
64
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
98
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
c
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.4
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 6
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
35.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
c
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
93.
89.
94 .
96.
95.
94.
73 .
57.
75.
57.
7 ^
52.
60.
54.
46.
43.
33.
0 .
19.
20.
. 6
.0
. 6
. 1
. 2
.7
. 6
. 0
.0
. 6
. 1
.8
3
.2
. 1
. 3
. 6
. 0
. 1
.4
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
38 .
42 .
25.
2 9 ,
25 .
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 9
. 9
. 2
.3
. 1
K-1D
-------
Table K-2
Appendix K
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Two-Cylinder Cars
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60
TIME
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1993
1994
1995
2004
2005
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1993
1994
1995
2004
2005
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
K-2D
-------
Table K-3
Appendix K
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Three-Cylinder Cars
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60
TIME
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
48
46
51
54
55
54
56
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
K-3D
-------
Table K-4
Appendix K
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Four-Cylinder Cars
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
ENGINE
CID HP
112
111
106
108
110
116
115
114
118
119
120
121
121
118
120
122
120
120
119
120
118
121
121
122
123
123
124
126
126
127
127
0-
60
TIME
15
15
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
. 1
.2
. 6
.7
Q
.8
. 6
. 9
.7
.3
.8
. 9
.8
. 6
. 1
. 6
.5
. 3
.4
. 3
.7
. 6
.5
.4
s
.4
.4
. 1
. 9
.8
f 7
TOP
SPD
102
102
103
103
102
102
103
102
103
105
107
106
107
108
110
112
113
114
113
114
117
118
118
118
118
119
119
121
123
123
124
0 .
0.
0.
0.
n
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0,
0.
0.
0.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
HP/
CID
. 716
.706
.742
. 727
707
. 681
. 693
. 686
. 694
.718
.752
.753
. 772
. 805
.840
. 901
. 913
. 947
. 930
. 955
.016
. 023
.024
. 044
.049
. 063
.067
. 099
. 135
. 142
. 163
0
0
0
0
n
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
HP/
WT
.0298
.0296
.0308
.0308
0300
. 0303
.0308
.0300
.0307
.0320
.0336
.0332
. 0336
. 0343
.0357
.0378
.0380
.0388
.0383
. 0390
.0413
.0420
.0420
.0422
.0420
.0425
.0425
.0440
.0449
.0456
.0463
TON
-MPG
27
29.
31 .
30.
29
31 .
32 .
34 .
35.
3 5
36.
36.
36.
37 .
37 .
37 .
37 .
38 .
38 .
39 .
39 .
39 .
40.
41 .
41 .
41 .
42 .
42 .
43.
44 .
44 .
6
~j
2
~j
8
0
7
4
2
8
1
5
5
2
2
5
6
2
8
3
9
8
1
2
3
1
3
4
T
3
4
CU-FT
-MPG
2178
2196
2121
2267
2515
2609
2737
2720
2774
2764
2733
2784
2724
2660
2686
2689
2778
2781
2851
2805
2801
2845
2805
2807
2880
2903
2979
3058
3046
CU-FT
TON-MP
2718
2731
2695
2891
3192
3367
3556
3586
3685
3741
3720
3790
3780
3783
3801
3854
3958
4010
4093
4093
4109
4271
4291
4294
4443
4532
4690
4813
4801
PERCENT OF Four-Cylinder Cars:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
K-4D
-------
Table K-5
Appendix K
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Five-Cylinder Cars
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60
TIME
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
.0
.0
.0
. 9
.0
. 9
.8
.3
.0
.4
. 3
.5
.4
.5
T
.5
.4
. 7
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0
0
0
58
38
41
40
35
29
6 8 .
67
97
94
96
9 7
93
85
89
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
. 0
. 0
.0
. 9
.0
. 9
.8
. 3
.0
.4
.3
.5
.4
.5
.7
.5
.4
_ 7
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0,
0.
0.
0.
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0,
0.
0.
0.
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
100.
100.
100.
41 .
62.
58.
5 9 .
64 .
71.
31 .
32.
2 ,
5 .
3 .
2.
6 ,
14 .
10.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
.0
.0
.0
. 1
.0
.1
. 2
. 7
.0
. 6
T
.5
.6
.5
. 3
.5
. 6
. 3
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
K-5D
-------
Table K-6
Appendix K
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Six-Cylinder Cars
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60
TIME
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
K-6D
-------
Table K-7
Appendix K
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Eight-Cylinder Cars
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60
TIME
TOP
SPD
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0,
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
1 .
HP/
CID
.446
.448
.455
.460
. 460
.439
. 440
.457
.482
. 483
.509
.511
. 520
. 544
. 535
. 597
. 669
.714
.736
. 776
. 803
. 841
.891
. 918
. 890
. 989
. 939
. 965
. 986
. 983
. 005
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
HP/
WT
.0354
.0352
.0356
.0371
.0368
.0346
.0337
.0355
.0364
.0371
.0389
.0403
.0407
.0430
.0423
.0441
.0504
.0523
.0542
.0566
.0575
.0602
.0620
.0647
.0635
.0697
.0657
.0680
.0669
.0666
.0695
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
6 .
7 .
6 .
5
3
^
6
6
6
^
7
7
8
9
11
9
10
7
. 2
. 7
.1
. 7
. 3
.1
.5
T
. 2
. 2
. 8
. 2
.3
.0
T
.1
.5
91
90
91
92
94
9 2
9 2
91
93
94
92
92
91
90
89
90
89
92
.5
.3
.4
_ 7
. 3
.8
^
.4
3
.8
.8
.1
.8
_ 7
.0
.3
9
.2
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
K-7D
-------
Appendix K
Table K-8 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Four-Cylinder Vans
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
17.5
17.0
PERCENT OF Four-Cylinder Vans:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
3498
3500
3500
3500
3500
3618
3644
3668
3567
3380
3409
3425
3401
3464
3505
3544
3791
3588
3638
3604
3621
3817
3831
3941
3999
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
118
120
120
120
120
120
120
111
118
136
142
146
143
145
149
149
148
145
147
149
143
142
142
165
166
148
148
148
148
148
148
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
K-8D
-------
Appendix K
Table K-9 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Five-Cylinder Vans
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CLD HP TIME SPD CID
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
16.6
16.8
19.1
PERCENT OF Five-Cylinder Vans:
MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVES
YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK FI PORT TBI CARB DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
K-9D
-------
Appendix K
Table K-10 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Six-Cylinder Vans
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CLD HP TIME SPD
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
117
128
107
152
96
114
119
121
117
144
182
391
566
735
777
935
742
902
1174
1160
1375
1230
1069
1250
1200
1523
961
1140
1148
985
1531
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.011
.010
.008
.011
. 007
.010
.011
.012
.011
.010
.013
.025
.038
.048
.054
.074
.059
.074
.089
.082
.091
. 094
.074
.086
.079
. 092
.062
.071
.073
.062
.089
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2 .1
81 .
13.
14.
15.
14.
14 .
15.
15.
15.
16.
15.
17.
17.
18.
19.
18.
18.
18.
18.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
.8
.7
. 3
. 6
. 1
. 6
. 9
. 9
. 1
.8
. 6
.8
. 6
. 0
. 9
. 9
.8
9
.2
. 0
.2
.4
.2
_ 7
.4
.8
.2
. 0
^
. 3
. 6
3967
4023
4039
4086
4233
4182
4191
4181
4206
4118
4002
4049
3930
3940
3992
4011
4084
4118
4047
4085
4050
4148
4178
4136
4254
4234
4310
4368
4345
4425
4413
271
271
278
280
263
266
268
266
265
272
269
237
219
213
212
208
212
213
208
213
221
214
213
214
218
212
210
214
215
218
214
102
102
113
119
121
118
117
111
110
112
136
132
149
149
146
144
147
149
152
154
155
167
169
177
178
180
191
199
199
204
207
16
17
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
13
14
12
12
12
13
13
13
12
12.
12
11
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
. 9
.1
. 9
.3
.5
. 6
. 9
^
.7
.2
.8
.2
.5
.5
.8
. 0
.0
.0
.6
.5
.4
. 9
9
.4
IT
.4
.0
.8
.7
_ 7
.5
101
101
105
106
106
105
105
103
103
104
113
111
117
117
116
115
115
116
117
118
118
121
122
125
124
125
128
129
130
130
131
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0 .
.380
.380
408
.430
.465
.449
.438
.419
.418
.413
.509
.574
.703
.722
.713
.705
.706
.711
.742
.734
.711
.788
.800
.826
.822
.860
.920
. 936
.933
. 943
. 974
0 .
0.
n
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
.0257
.0253
0280
.0293
.0287
.0284
.0279
.0266
.0263
.0273
.0343
.0327
.0381
. 0380
.0367
.0360
.0360
.0362
.0377
.0378
.0384
.0405
.0406
.0428
.0420
.0427
.0446
.0456
.0459
.0461
.0470
2 7 .
2 9 .
^0
30.
30.
32
33.
33.
^ ^
32.
35.
36.
36.
37 .
37 .
38 .
38.
39.
38.
38.
38.
40.
40.
40.
41.
41 .
43.
43.
44 .
44 .
45.
.8
9
9
.0
. 1
_ 7
. 3
.4
9
.8
.4
. 1
_ 7
.4
.8
. 0
.5
.0
.8
.8
9
. 3
.2
_ 7
.3
. 9
. 6
.8
.3
. 9
. 6
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
K-10D
-------
Appendix K
Table K-ll Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Eight-Cylinder Vans
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CLD HP TIME SPD
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.033
.030
.029
.033
. 027
.010
.011
.018
.024
.022
.023
.020
.019
.017
.019
.018
.012
.015
.012
.014
.013
. 009
.009
. 007
.009
.006
.016
.004
.004
. 007
.005
12
12
14
13
12
14
16
16
17
16
15
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
17
17
17
17
17
18
19
19
. 2
. 9
.0
.5
. 9
. 9
. 3
. 2
.1
.4
. 9
. 9
. 9
. 2
. 0
. 1
.1
.0
.5
. 2
.4
. 2
.0
. 9
.8
. 7
.6
.4
. 3
. 1
. 0
9
10
11
11
10
11
13
13
13.
13
12
13
13
13
13
13
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13
13.
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
. 9
. 3
.4
.0
.5
. 9
.0
.0
.6
.0
.6
.4
. 2
.4
. 2
. 2
.i
.i
.4
. 2
. 3
. 1
. 7
.5
.4
.5
. 3
.4
. 2
. 8
.5
11
12
12.
12
11
13
15
14
16
15
14
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
18
18
.1
.0
_ 7
.0
.4
_ 7
. 0
.8
.0
IT
.7
.8
.1
. 6
.5
_ 7
.8
.7
.4
.2
.3
. 2
.0
.1
.0
.8
. 9
.1
.8
. 6
.8
10.
11.
11.
11.
10.
12.
13.
13.
14.
14.
13.
14.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14 .
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
14 .
15.
16.
16.
.4
.0
. 9
.4
. 9
_ 7
.8
.8
. 6
.0
IT
.4
.4
_ 7
.5
. 6
. 6
. 5
9
_ 7
9
_ 7
.4
. 3
.2
. 1
.0
. 9
. 6
. 3
. 2
4278
4263
4312
4307
4643
4630
4530
4511
4560
4534
4542
4607
4603
4708
4689
4692
4724
4769
4784
4777
4734
4930
4965
5109
5101
5027
5406
5080
5399
5492
5577
334
342
347
346
342
334
316
316
318
317
314
312
319
322
326
332
331
332
334
331
336
332
322
322
322
322
313
321
319
314
315
158
161
163
159
152
152
148
153
152
154
157
155
167
168
174
186
186
196
202
207
199
219
228
231
233
237
248
241
261
267
274
12
12
12.
12
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
.8
. 5
.5
.7
.2
.0
. 0
.6
9
.7
.4
.7
.1
.2
. 9
. 2
.2
.8
.4
.2
. 5
. 0
.7
.8
.7
.5
.7
.4
.2
.2
.1
117
119
119
117
113
113
112
114
113
114
115
114
118
117
119
123
123
125
127
128
126
130
132
132
133
134
134
135
138
138
140
PERCENT OF Eight-Cylinder Vans:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAi:
FRONT 4W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
T
. 0
.0
. 0
.1
. 1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
31
0
11
2
18
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 3
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 2
.0
T
. 2
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
K-11D
-------
Appendix K
Table K-12 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Other SUVs
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
< FUEL ECONOMY >
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CLTY HWY 55/45
PERCENT OF Other
WGHT
LB
ENGINE
:ID HP
148
148
310
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
0-60
TIME
TOP
SPD
121
121
145
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
K-12D
-------
Appendix K
Table K-13 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Four-Cylinder SUVs
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
1975
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
PERCENT OF Four-Cylinder SUVs:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
K-13D
-------
Appendix K
Table K-14 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Five-Cylinder SUVs
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
< FUEL ECONOMY >
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CLTY HWY 55/45
PERCENT OF Five-Cylinder SUVs:
MODEL
YEAR
WGHT
LB
4885
4713
4771
ENGINE
:ID HP
154
154
154
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
0-60
TIME
11.4
11.0
11.1
TOP
SPD
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
K-14D
-------
Appendix K
Table K-15 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Six-Cylinder SUVs
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CLD HP TIME SPD
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
12
45
49
60
63
54
44
41
150
368
444
388
491
582
595
423
875
793
950
1152
1242
1285
1331
1499
1600
1751
2072
2611
2228
2673
2599
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.001
.004
.003
.004
.005
.005
. 004
.004
.015
.026
.031
.025
.033
.038
.041
.034
.070
.065
.072
.082
.082
.098
.092
.104
.105
.106
.133
.162
.141
.168
.152
17
15
16
16
16
17
18
18
21
21
21
20
21
21
21
20
20
19
20
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
21
20
21
21
21
. 8
. 7
. 7
.4
. 9
8
.5
. 9
. 3
. 3
.6
.8
.3
. 1
. 1
.5
.4
. 9
. 3
. 9
.8
.4
.3
. 6
.8
8
. 3
. 9
.5
. 8
. 7
14
12.
13
13
13
14
14
14
16.
16
16
16
16.
16.
16.
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16.
16
16.
16
16.
16.
. 7
. 7
.4
.1
. 9
. 4
8
. 9
.5
.6
.5
. 2
.3
. 2
.4
. 9
. 7
. 3
.6
.4
. 3
. 6
. 7
. 9
.1
. 1
.4
. 1
.4
. 6
.5
15
14
15
15
14
16
17
17
20
20
21
20
21
20
20
19
20
19
20
19
19
20
19
20
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
.5
.3
.2
.1
.8
.0
. 9
.8
IT
.5
.0
. 0
_ 7
.4
. 9
.1
.6
.0
. 6
. 5
. 3
9
.4
.2
. 3
. 9
. 6
.4
.8
.8
15.
13.
14.
13.
14 .
15.
15.
16.
18.
18.
18.
17.
18.
18.
18.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
16.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
18.
17.
18.
18.
18.
. 1
.4
. 2
9
. 3
. 1
.8
. 1
.2
. 1
.4
.7
. 2
. 0
. 0
.5
.4
.0
. 3
. 0
9
.4
.3
. 6
.7
_ 7
.2
.8
. 3
. 6
.5
3152
3255
3323
3217
3211
3590
3564
3601
3728
3677
3736
3670
3694
3681
3770
3813
4067
4071
4083
4185
4205
4189
4219
4190
4206
4183
4178
4300
4320
4312
4414
237
253
253
255
257
258
266
264
206
188
178
182
198
211
231
219
233
230
234
230
230
241
237
237
231
229
219
222
220
222
221
95
101
105
104
120
100
113
112
112
108
109
126
138
147
155
154
163
170
181
180
177
180
180
182
190
187
200
213
221
223
225
14
14
14
13
12
15
14
14
14
15
15
13
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
_ 7
.3
.1
.8
.4
.5
. 0
.3
.8
.1
.2
.4
_ 7
. 0
_ 7
. 9
9
.6
.0
. 3
. 5
. 3
.3
. 2
.8
. 9
.4
.1
.8
_ 7
. 9
105
106
107
107
114
104
109
108
107
106
105
112
116
119
121
120
121
123
127
125
124
125
125
126
128
128
132
135
137
138
137
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
1.
1.
1.
.399
.400
.413
.407
. 466
1 9 ^
.428
.426
.563
.590
.617
.701
.709
. 706
. 680
.716
.704
.743
.777
.785
.777
.751
.770
.778
.837
.829
. 930
. 972
.012
.013
.025
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
n
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
.0307
.0318
. 0320
.0327
.0379
0285
.0327
.0318
.0305
.0298
.0293
.0345
.0377
.0402
.0413
.0408
.0404
.0424
.0448
.0434
.0426
.0434
.0431
.0438
.0454
.0450
.0481
.0497
.0513
.0520
.0510
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
15.2
1 .5
K-15D
-------
Appendix K
Table K-16 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Eight-Cylinder SUVs
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CLD HP TIME SPD
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
169
199
234
321
323
112
78
103
116
186
198
194
175
194
208
170
91
96
237
295
378
454
729
738
877
1037
873
1110
1309
1509
1301
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.017
.016
.017
.022
023
.010
. 007
.011
.011
.013
.014
.013
.012
.013
.014
.014
.007
.008
.018
.021
.025
.035
.050
.051
.058
.063
.056
.069
.083
.095
. 076
12
13
14
14
11
13
15
16
16
15
15
16
15
16
16
16
16
15
16
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
. 8
.4
8
.i
8
. 9
. 2
.4
. 2
.4
.6
. 2
. 9
. 1
. 0
. 2
. 9
. 9
.0
.0
.5
.6
. 3
.4
. 6
. 7
. 0
.0
. 2
. 6
10
10
11
11
9
11
12
13
12.
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12.
12
12
13.
13
13
13.
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
.5
.8
. 9
. 3
8
.1
. 1
.0
.8
.1
. 2
.6
.4
.5
.4
.4
.4
.1
.8
.1
.0
. 3
.4
. 1
. 2
.4
. 7
. 8
.8
. 9
. 2
11
12
13
12
10
12.
14
15
15
14
14
15
15
15
15
16
16
15
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
.4
.2
.4
9
2
.8
.1
.4
.4
.5
. 9
.6
. 3
.5
. 6
. 2
.1
9
9
_ 7
.7
.4
.7
.4
.6
. 6
.4
. 0
.0
.2
. 6
10.
11.
12.
12.
10.
11.
12.
14.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
14.
14.
14.
14 .
15.
14 .
14.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
. 9
.4
.5
.0
n
.8
. 9
.0
.8
. 1
. 3
.8
. 6
_ 7
_ 7
.8
.8
. 6
.4
.5
. 5
. 9
. 1
.8
. 9
. 0
. 1
.4
.4
. 6
. 9
4281
4551
4423
4465
4825
4776
4790
4961
4962
4971
4977
4981
5090
5115
5196
5257
5293
5428
5019
5003
5066
4965
5084
5086
5138
5262
5380
5436
5576
5546
5552
337
354
348
354
353
339
329
333
339
336
335
330
336
338
336
338
339
340
334
334
334
328
323
320
319
311
310
311
311
315
316
151
149
152
157
151
154
150
145
148
156
162
159
181
183
186
192
199
201
209
209
206
225
228
225
236
243
255
271
266
281
293
116
113
115
116
111
112
111
109
110
112
114
113
118
118
119
120
122
121
128
128
126
132
131
131
133
134
136
140
138
142
145
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0 .
.445
.421
.435
.442
.426
.453
.459
.441
.442
.467
.486
.484
.537
.541
.551
.569
.589
.591
.629
.629
.621
. 687
.707
.707
.744
.783
.824
.871
.859
.892
. 927
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
.0363
.0334
.0348
.0356
.0314
. 0323
.0314
.0296
.0301
.0315
.0327
.0321
.0355
.0357
.0357
.0367
.0377
.0371
.0429
.0431
.0417
.0458
.0452
.0447
.0463
.0464
.0476
.0500
.0480
.0510
.0529
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETR.
FRONT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
87
88
86
91
66
82
84
79
80
79
71
75
73
74
76
73
70
73
47
81
82
78
75
75
58
69
6 7
64
61
62
67
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
K-16D
-------
Table K-17
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
Appendix K
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Other Pickups
< FUEL ECONOMY >
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CLTY HWY 55/45
WGHT
LB
ENGINE
:ID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
PERCENT OF Other
MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION
YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
HP/
WT
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
K-17D
-------
Appendix K
Table K-18 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Two-Cylinder Pickups
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CLD HP TIME SPD
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
15 .5
16.4
19.3
11.7
12.4
14 .7
135
135
135
PERCENT OF Two-Cylinder Pickups:
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
HP/
WT
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
K-18D
-------
Appendix K
Table K-19 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Four-Cylinder Pickups
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
< FUEL ECONOMY >
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CLTY HWY 55/45
WGHT
LB
ENGINE
:ID HP
0-60
TIME
TOP
SPD
PERCENT OF Four-Cylinder Pickups:
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAi:
FRONT 4W
0
0
0
0
0
4
6
6
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.8
. 7
. 6
. 3
.5
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0
0
0
6 .
20
20
23
23
18
20
22
19
17
15
15
13
12.
13
14
12.
15
9
5
11
10
7
8
12.
10
20
19
.0
.0
.0
. 9
.5
. 2
.0
.4
. 9
. 6
.4
. 8
. 3
. 2
. 3
. 1
.4
8
.8
. 2
. 3
.8
. 9
. 1
.5
. 9
. 7
.5
.6
.1
. 6
2817
2826
2819
2844
2832
2818
2841
2885
2921
2973
3034
3054
3050
3070
3084
3096
3119
3194
3210
3333
3425
3420
3457
3462
3451
3466
3501
3525
3527
3546
3786
116
117
122
120
123
124
130
133
135
134
141
139
140
142
143
144
145
143
143
141
147
142
140
145
147
145
145
149
142
151
161
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
13
12
12
12
12
11
12
11
11
_ 7
.6
.2
.7
. g
.5
.1
. 9
.8
. 9
.0
.2
.2
.2
_ 7
. 0
.2
.3
.2
.4
.8
.8
.2
_ 7
.7
_ 7
.5
_ 7
.5
.5
. 2
105
105
106
104
103
104
103
104
104
104
107
106
106
106
108
111
110
110
111
110
113
113
111
114
114
114
115
119
115
121
123
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0,
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
1.
.750
.757
.748
.731
. 692
.705
. 652
.657
.651
.661
.693
.696
. 686
. 685
.710
.765
.749
.767
.782
7QQ
.848
.871
.853
.877
.867
.879
.906
. 958
.933
. 979
.010
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0,
0.
0.
n
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
.0314
.0318
.0324
.0310
.0300
.0311
.0298
.0304
.0303
.0300
.0322
.0318
.0316
.0317
.0331
.0356
.0349
.0347
.0351
0^42
.0365
.0366
.0349
.0370
.0371
.0368
.0378
.0407
.0377
.0419
.0430
2 6 .
28.
32
32.
28 .
29.
34 .
34 .
34 .
34 .
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
35.
36.
36.
37.
38 .
39.
39.
40.
40.
39.
38 .
38.
39.
39.
39.
42 .
.8
.7
. 0
. 1
_ 7
. 9
. 1
. 6
.7
.7
s
.2
. 3
. 6
. 3
. 9
.4
9
.4
. 8
. 3
. 6
.7
. 1
.2
. 6
. 6
_ 7
.7
. 2
. 0
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
99.8
K-19D
-------
Appendix K
Table K-20 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Five-Cylinder Pickups
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
4117 211 215 9.6 137 1.019 0.0524 41.20
4137 211 215 9.6 137 1.019 0.0522 41.ID
MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVES
YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK FI PORT TBI CARB DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
K-20D
-------
Appendix K
Table K-21 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Six-Cylinder Pickups
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
SALES
000) FRAC
144
272
254
346
355
387
472
480
484
687
591
600
631
746
732
593
769
792
916
1057
679
628
674
729
794
921
854
842
852
687
610
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.014
.022
.018
.024
.026
.034
.045
.049
.047
.049
.041
.039
.042
.049
.051
.047
.061
.065
.069
.075
.045
.048
.047
.050
.052
.056
.055
.052
.054
.043
.036
LAB
55/<
17
18
19
18
17
19
20
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
20
21
21
21
21
21
20
21
21
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
15
. 1
. 9
.0
.5
.5
.1
. 1
T
.6
.0
T
.1
.4
.4
. 9
. 0
. 9
. 3
3
.8
.0
.5
. 3
. 9
. 9
^
. 6
. 9
. 6
. 1
FUEL E
ADJ
CITY
13
15
15
14
14
15
16
17
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16
16.
16.
16.
16.
15
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
. 7
.1
3
. 9
. 3
. 2
.0
.1
. 9
.4
. 9
.6
. 7
. 6
.3
. 3
.8
. 3
.4
.4
. 9
. 2
.5
.4
.1
. 2
.0
. 0
. 2
. 0
. 2
CONOMY
ADJ
HWY
15
17
17
16
15
17
18
20
20
20
20
19
20
20
20
2 0
21.
21
21
21.
20
20
21.
20
20
20
20
19
20
20
20
.8
.4
. 3
.8
. 6
_ 7
p 7
|T
.7
.1
.8
. 9
. 6
.8
.1
.4
. 5
.0
.1
.0
.6
_ 7
.2
. 9
^
.4
.1
. 9
^
. 0
.8
ADJ
55/'
14 .
16.
16.
15.
14 .
16.
17.
18.
18.
17.
18.
18.
18.
18.
17.
17 .
18.
18.
18.
18.
17.
17.
18.
18.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
18.
15
. 6
.0
. 2
.7
.8
. 3
. 1
IT
.4
. 9
|T
.0
. 3
. 3
.8
. 9
.7
. 1
.2
. 2
.7
. 9
^
. 1
.8
.8
.7
.5
.8
. 6
. 0
WGHT
LB
4020
4007
4044
4054
4173
4027
3934
3578
3653
3676
3588
3705
3647
3695
3869
3959
3807
3950
3944
3983
4122
4104
4100
4064
4045
4080
4127
4192
4251
4300
4361
ENGINE
CID HP
270
267
271
274
266
271
274
236
228
227
227
228
222
229
239
240
236
242
239
245
256
249
247
238
230
228
232
232
233
231
233
103
103
109
116
122
121
120
113
112
110
117
129
136
142
145
147
147
146
150
161
161
168
185
180
174
175
184
186
187
193
204
0-60
TIME
17
16
16
15
15
14
14
14
14
14
14
13
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
11
12
11
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
. 0
9
.2
. 5
.1
.8
. 6
.2
.6
.8
.0
^
.5
.2
.5
.5
.2
.6
.4
.8
.1
_ 7
.8
. 0
^
. 3
.0
. 0
.1
. 9
. 6
TOP
SPD
101
101
103
106
107
107
108
108
107
106
109
113
116
117
117
117
118
117
118
121
120
122
128
126
124
125
127
127
127
128
131
HP/
CID
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0 .
.384
.389
.405
.428
.464
.451
.444
.502
.516
.510
.535
.604
.638
. 644
. 627
. b3 /
.641
.622
.645
.675
.645
. 688
.753
.760
.763
.774
.798
.806
.807
.842
.874
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
u .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
HP/
WT
.0256
.0257
.0272
.0287
.0294
. 0300
. 0306
.0321
.0310
.0304
.0327
.0354
.0378
.0388
.0378
.0376
.0390
.0375
.0384
.0410
.0396
.0412
.0453
.0443
.0430
.0430
.0447
.0444
.0441
.0451
.0470
29.5
32.3
32 . 9
32.1
31 .3
32 . 9
33. 9
33.2
33.7
33.0
33.1
33.3
33.3
33.7
34 . 6
35. 6
35.5
35.7
35.9
36 . 2
36.5
36. 9
37.5
36 . 8
36.0
36.4
36.5
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAi:
FRONT 4W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
3
5
10
11
11
12
10
8
23
25
26
30
33
34
33
30
25
23
24
27
28
27
21
28
33
31
28
32
30
48
32
. 3
. 3
.8
.4
T
.6
. 2
. 9
.5
. 8
.8
. 7
.1
3
.6
.0
8
. 2
. 2
.0
.1
. 2
.5
. 7
. 0
.4
. 2
.5
.5
.1
. 6
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
K-21D
-------
Appendix K
Table K-22 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Eight-Cylinder Pickups
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000) FRAC
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP
LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CLD HP TIME SPD
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
10
10
11
11
11
12.
13
14
13.
13.
13.
13.
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13.
13
13
14
13
14
14
14
14
. 0
.6
. 7
.5
. 3
8
8
. 2
.6
. 3
. 2
T
.3
. 6
.5
.3
. 3
.5
.5
. 3
.5
. 9
. 6
. 9
.5
. 9
. 1
. 3
. 6
.5
11
12
12
12
12
14
16
16
16
15
15
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
.8
.0
. 9
. 5
.1
. 6
.1
IT
.1
. 9
.6
.4
. 0
. 9
. 0
.1
.1
.4
.7
.5
.2
_ 7
^
. 2
.0
.4
.0
. 0
.0
.5
. 6
10.
11.
12.
11.
11.
13.
14 .
15.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14.
14.
15.
15.
14.
15.
15.
15.
15.
16.
15.
15.
15.
16.
16.
.8
.2
. 2
9
. 6
. 6
.8
. 1
.7
.4
.2
.8
.4
. 9
. 9
_ 7
.8
9
. 1
. 0
.8
. 1
. 6
.4
^
. 0
^
. 6
.7
. 1
. 1
4274
4360
4366
4386
4566
4532
4311
4437
4430
4463
4437
4424
4482
4537
4502
4572
4542
4652
4691
4706
4751
4815
4933
4902
5043
4836
5022
5137
5133
5244
5344
353
359
360
353
346
331
312
317
317
316
315
311
320
329
330
335
331
330
331
334
333
332
318
323
324
313
316
310
311
309
318
158
155
164
162
156
150
143
150
152
154
159
157
169
180
184
189
190
190
200
205
201
226
228
232
245
249
252
261
265
271
291
12
13
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
9
9
9
_ 7
.1
. 6
.7
.8
. 9
.8
.7
IT
.4
.0
.1
. 6
.1
. 9
.8
.6
9
.3
.1
.4
.5
.6
.4
.2
_ 7
. 9
.8
.7
.8
.4
118
116
119
118
115
113
113
114
114
115
117
116
119
122
124
124
125
124
127
128
127
133
133
134
137
140
139
140
141
142
146
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0 .
.446
.430
.457
.460
.449
.453
.461
.475
.483
.489
.506
.503
.527
.544
.556
.561
.573
.573
.606
.615
.606
. 680
.721
.723
.758
.798
.801
.843
.854
.875
. 911
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
.0373
.0358
.0378
.0373
.0344
. 0333
.0334
.0341
.0346
.0347
.0361
.0356
.0379
.0397
.0411
.0414
.0420
.0410
.0429
. 0437
.0425
.0470
.0465
.0477
.0490
.0517
.0503
.0511
.0518
.0520
.0547
23.
24 .
2 6 .
26.
2 7 ,
31.
32 .
34 .
3 3
32.
31 .
32.
32 .
33.
33.
33.
33 ,
34 .
35.
35.
35.
36 .
38 .
37 .
39.
38 .
39.
40.
40.
42 .
43.
. 3
. 6
. 9
.4
. 0
. 3
. 2
.4
.3
. 6
. 9
. 9
.5
. 9
. 6
. 9
. 6
.7
. 6
.4
.2
.4
. 6
_ 7
.0
.8
. 1
. 1
^
. 3
. 0
PERCENT OF Eight-Cylinder Pickups:
4WD MANUAL LOCK
MODEL
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAi:
FRONT 4W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
18
2 7
27
34
10
28
17
20
25
29
27
30
34
38
38
38
38
40
43
45
48
45
52
52
62
54
51
52
51
55
50
.0
.5
~j
. 7
. 2
.5
.0
. 7
.6
. 1
.8
. 2
.1
.1
.8
.0
.5
. 7
.0
.4
. 9
.0
. 2
. 6
.5
. 1
. 2
.0
.5
. 3
.5
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
0.5
K-22D
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA420-R-05-001
July 2005
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2005
Appendix L: Data Stratified by Vehicle Type,
Engine Type, and Valves Per Cylinder
Robert M. Heavenrich D
Advanced Technology DivisionD
Office of Transportation and Air Quality D
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency D
NOTICED
This Technical Report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. D
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. D
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate an exchange q/D
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments. D
-------
Appendix L
Table L-l
Characteristics of 1986 to 2005 GARB 2 Valve Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
TON CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG -MPG TON-MPG
Table L-2
Characteristics of 1986 to 2005 GARB 3 Valve Cars
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADU ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
Table L-3
Characteristics of 1986 to 2005 GARB 4 Valve Cars
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
HP/
CID
MODEL DRIVETRAIN
YEAR FRONT 4WD
1987 100.0 0.0
1988 100.0 0.0
1989 100.0 0.0
L-1D
-------
Appendix L
Table L-4
Characteristics of 1986 to 2005 Diesel 2 Valve Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
HP/
CID
TON CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG -MPG TON-MPG
Table L-5
Characteristics of 1986 to 2005 Diesel 4 Valve Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
WT
Percent of Diesel
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0 .0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
L-2D
-------
Appendix L
Table L-6
Characteristics of 1986 to 2005 TBI 2 Valve Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
TON CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG -MPG TON-MPG
Table L-7
Characteristics of 1986 to 2005 TBI 3 Valve Cars
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
Percent of TBI 3 Valve Cars
MODEL
DRIVETRAIN
L-3D
-------
Appendix L
Table L-E
Characteristics of 1986 to 2005 TBI 4 Valve Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
HP/ TON CU-FT CU-FT-
WT -MPG -MPG TON-MPG
Percent of TBI 4 Valve Cars
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
L-4D
-------
Appendix L
Table L-9
Characteristics of 1986 to 2005 PORT 2 Valve Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
TON CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG -MPG TON-MPG
! .1
L-5D
-------
Appendix L
Table L-10
Characteristics of 1986 to 2005 PORT 3 Valve Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
TON CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG -MPG TON-MPG
0.015
0.017
0.026
0.057
0.044
0.053
0.041
0.025
0.019
0.011
0.009
0.009
0.015
0.021
0.013
0.021
0.020
0.023
0.021
0.025
MODEL
YEAR
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
L-6D
-------
Appendix L
Table L-ll
Characteristics of 1986 to 2005 PORT 4 Valve Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
TON CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG -MPG TON-MPG
MODEL
YEAR
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
2 .4
14 . 9
L-7D
-------
Appendix L
Table L-12
Characteristics of 1986 to 2005 PORT 5 Valve Cars
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD CID
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TON CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG -MPG TON-MPG
1.761 0.0937
1.761 0.1071
1.403 0.0494
1.257 0.0487
1.270 0 .0482
1.337 0.0515
1.402 0.0526
1.495 0.0527
1.489 0 .0517
1.482 0.0523
1.475 0.0528
Percent of PORT 5 Valve Cars
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
L-8D
-------
Appendix L
Table L-13 Characteristics of 1994 to 2005 TBI 2 Valve Vans
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
0-60 TOP HP/
TIME SPD CID
Table L-14 Characteristics of 1994 to 2005 PORT 2 Valve Vans
WGHT
LB
ENGINE
CID HP
2
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
L-9D
-------
Appendix L
Table L-15 Characteristics of 1994 to 2005 PORT 3 Valve Vans
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< ---- FUEL ECONOMY ---- > WGHT ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Percent of PORT 3 Valve Vans
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
Table L-16 Characteristics of 1994 to 2005 PORT 4 Valve Vans
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC LAB ADJ ADU
55/45 CITY HWY
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60
TIME
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Percent of PORT 4 Valve Vans
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
3.5 96.5
1.9 98.1
0.1 99.9
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 84.0
L-10D
-------
Appendix L
Table L-17 Characteristics of 1994 to 2005 Diesel 2 Valve SUVs
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< ---- FUEL ECONOMY ---- > WGHT ENGINE
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
Table L-18
Characteristics of 1994 to 2005 TBI 2 Valve SUVs
WGHT ENGINE
LB
CID
HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
L-11D
-------
Appendix L
Table L-19 Characteristics of 1994 to 2005 PORT 2 Valve SUVs
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY
ENGINE
CID HP
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Table L-20 Characteristics of 1994 to 2005 PORT 3 Valve SUVs
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/
FRAC LAB ADJ ADU ADU LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
L-12D
-------
Appendix L
Table L-21 Characteristics of 1994 to 2005 PORT 4 Valve SUVs
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY
ENGINE
CID HP
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
141 0.087
284 0.156
310 0.164
595 0.243
561 0.217
754 0.266
747 0.238
1351 0.392
1966 0.469
2198 0.534
2489 0.536
2407 0.542
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
.4
Table L-22 Characteristics of 1994 to 2005 PORT 5 Valve SUVs
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Percent of PORT 5 Valve SUVs
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
L-13D
-------
Appendix L
Table L-23
Characteristics of 1994 to 2005 CAKB 2 Valve Pickup Trucks
MODEL SALES < ---- FUEL ECONOMY ---- >
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
TRANSMISSION
MANUAL LOCK
Table L-24
Characteristics of 1994 to 2005 Diesel 2 Valve Pickup Trucks
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
Table L-25
Characteristics of 1994 to 2005 TBI 2 Valve Pickup Trucks
WGHT ENGINE
LB CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
14.7 18.7 16.3
14.4 18.5 16.0
Percent of TBI 2 Valve Pickup Trucks
MODEL
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
L-14D
-------
Appendix L
Table L-26
Characteristics of 1994 to 2005 PORT 2 Valve Pickup Trucks
MODEL SALES
YEAR (000)
< FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60
FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
Percent of PORT 2 Valve Pickup Trucks
Table L-27
Characteristics of 1994 to 2005 PORT 3 Valve Pickup Trucks
MODEL SALES < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
0.833 0.0387 31.7
0.918 0.0404 35.9
0.918 0.0405 35.5
0.909 0.0544 44.8
0.909 0.0520 45.5
L-15D
-------
Appendix L
Table L-28
Characteristics of 1994 to 2005 PORT 4 Valve Pickup Trucks
MODEL SALES < ---- FUEL ECONOMY ---- > WGHT ENGINE
YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP
55/45 CITY HWY 55/45
TOP
SPD
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
0.4
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
L-16D
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA420-R-05-001
July 2005
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2005
Appendix M: Data Stratified by
Vehicle Type and Marketing Group
Robert M. Heavenrich D
Advanced Technology DivisionD
Office of Transportation and Air Quality D
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency D
NOTICED
This Technical Report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. D
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. D
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate an exchange q/D
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments. D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-l Model Year 1975 to 2005 Cars Adjusted 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
12.9
14.2
15.2
16.4
16.5
18.8
20.0
21.0
20.2
21.0
22.0
23.3
23.5
24.2
23.6
23.4
23.3
22.9
23.5
23.6
23.4
24.1
24.1
23.6
23.5
23.7
24.1
24.4
24.3
24.9
24.7
12
14
14
16
16
19
20
21
21
22
22
23
22
23
23
22
23
23
23
23
23
22
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
22
23
.4
.5
.4
. 1
.6
. 1
.0
. 1
. 1
.2
.5
.0
.9
. 1
.2
.8
.4
. 1
.6
.2
.6
.8
.1
.5
.5
.2
.0
.3
.0
.3
.0
12
13
13
16
18
20
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
22
24
23
23
24
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
.8
.8
.9
.4
.1
.0
.0
.4
.6
.4
.4
.7
.2
.8
.5
.3
.3
.2
.6
. 7
.0
.5
.5
.3
.4
.5
.4
.2
.3
.7
.2
18
21
24
23
20
23
26
26
26
27
27
27
28
27
27
25
26
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
26
26
26
27
26
28
.1
.4
.6
.0
.4
.3
.4
.0
.9
.9
.3
.5
.1
.9
.2
.9
.1
.6
.7
.8
.6
.2
.4
.8
.9
.1
.7
.2
.5
.3
.1
26.7
28.0
30.8
28.8
24.6
24.6
26.0
28.2
29.9
29.9
28.7
28.6
27.9
27.1
26.6
25.8
25.9
26.5
27.5
27.4
28.0
27.2
27.5
27.3
26.4
26.5
27.5
27.3
27.9
28.3
28.3
21.
22.
23.
23.
22.
26.
25.
26.
27.
26.
25.
25.
25.
26.
25.
24.
24.
25.
24.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
23.
24.
24.
23.
24.
24.
5
8
1
0
7
4
8
0
7
9
1
8
1
2
7
2
7
5
9
5
0
8
3
8
3
9
2
7
8
4
9
29,
29,
29,
28,
28,
27,
26,
26,
27,
26,
27,
26,
26,
26,
25,
26,
25,
25,
25,
25,
.6
.3
. 1
.2
.2
.9
.6
.5
.9
.3
.1
.5
.2
.2
.7
.3
.9
.7
.3
.4
22.
23.
24.
23.
24.
26.
29.
28.
25.
24.
25.
25.
24.
25.
25.
24.
25.
24.
23.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
25.
24.
24.
5
4
6
2
4
3
1
1
6
3
6
2
7
7
8
6
4
9
1
1
6
2
6
6
3
6
3
9
2
7
3
18
18
19
19
20
23
22
23
22
22
21
21
21
21
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
21
21
21
20
20
21
22
22
22
.4
.4
.5
. 1
. 1
. 1
.7
.3
.7
.4
.4
.9
.9
.4
.4
.0
.1
.7
.2
.1
.2
.3
.5
.4
.2
.9
.9
.8
.3
.3
.3
13.4
14.9
15. 6
17. 0
17.3
20. 0
21.4
22.3
22. 0
22.4
23. 0
23. 9
24. 0
24.5
24. 1
23. 8
23. 9
23. 6
24. 0
23. 9
24.2
24.2
24.3
24.4
24. 1
24.1
24.4
24.6
24.7
24.8
24. 8
M-1D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-2 Model Year 1975 to 2005 Wagons Adjusted 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
12.
13.
14.
15.
15.
18.
19.
19.
20.
21.
21.
22.
22.
23.
22.
22.
22.
22.
23.
23.
23.
23.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
23.
25.
25.
25.
8
5
9
8
7
3
8
8
4
2
7
3
5
3
7
8
5
7
5
4
9
5
7
9
4
2
0
6
9
3
4
12
14
14
15
16
19
21
21
22
22
22
23
22
22
22
21
24
24
26
26
26
23
25
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
.3
.2
.2
.8
.9
.4
.4
.5
.0
.3
.8
.0
.7
.7
.0
.6
.5
.2
.5
.3
.3
.5
.0
.6
.3
.6
.0
.7
.8
.3
.5
13
14
14
15
15
16
22
23
23
23
23
23
23
24
24
21
18
18
22
21
21
23
22
22
23
21
21
21
21
.2
.5
.1
.1
.5
.3
.0
.8
.5
.9
.0
.8
.5
.4
.5
.4
.1
.1
.2
. 7
.9
.2
.8
.8
.0
.7
.9
.3
.6
19
21
23
21
21
23
24
24
29
28
29
27
27
26
26
25
26
24
25
25
26
26
30
29
30
.4
.0
.7
.7
.2
.3
.7
.9
.5
.8
.9
.3
.7
.8
.1
.5
.2
.6
.3
.2
.3
.1
.0
.6
.9
25.
27.
26.
25.
27.
28.
31.
31.
30.
29.
29.
29.
29.
29.
29.
24.
23.
23.
24.
24.
24.
23.
1
1
7
3
6
6
2
2
7
5
4
1
0
5
9
5
1
5
7
8
3
1
17. 8
23.4
23. 0
21.7
23.7
27.3
26.7
27.2
29.5
29. 9
25. 6
24. 1
23.7
23. 8
27.5
28.5
HK
VW
Others
All
25.8
26.0
25.2
24.7
24.7
23.
23.
24.
22.
21.
34.
34.
25.
26.
21.
22.
19.
22.
26.
25.
24.
23.
22.
20.
20.
20.
23.
21.
22.
22.
21.
20.
23.
24.
24.
24.
3
8
5
0
3
1
5
4
1
2
1
5
7
4
0
2
0
8
3
2
3
6
0
1
7
4
7
7
3
9
4
18
19
20
17
21
25
23
24
24
21
21
21
20
19
19
22
19
19
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
21
22
22
.7
.2
.6
.9
.4
.3
.4
.0
.3
.5
.1
.5
.7
.8
.7
. 1
.7
.9
.8
.1
.9
.2
.0
.3
.8
.9
.1
.1
13.
14.
15.
16.
16.
20.
21.
21.
23.
22.
23.
23.
23.
23.
22.
22.
23.
23.
25.
25.
25.
23.
24.
24.
23.
23.
23.
22.
24.
24.
23.
8
7
3
4
7
1
8
6
2
6
4
1
2
5
9
8
9
5
3
1
3
7
7
2
7
6
0
8
9
4
7
M-2D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-3 Model Year 1975 to 2005 Cars and Wagons Adjusted 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
12.9
14.2
15.2
16.3
16.4
18.8
20.0
20.9
20.3
21.0
21.9
23.2
23.4
24.2
23.6
23.4
23.3
22.9
23.5
23.6
23.4
24.1
24.1
23.7
23.5
23.7
24.1
24.4
24.4
24.9
24.8
12
14
14
16
16
19
20
21
21
22
22
23
22
23
23
22
23
23
24
23
23
22
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
22
23
.4
.5
.4
. 1
.6
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.6
.0
.8
. 1
.1
.7
.5
. 1
.0
.5
.9
.8
.3
.5
.5
.2
.0
.3
.0
.4
.0
12
14
13
16
17
19
22
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
22
24
23
23
24
23
23
23
23
23
23
22
.8
.0
.9
.2
.8
.8
.9
.4
.6
.5
.4
.7
.2
.9
.6
.3
.3
.2
.6
. 7
.0
.5
.5
.3
.4
.5
.3
.0
.1
.1
. 7
18
21
24
22
20
23
26
25
27
28
28
27
28
27
27
25
26
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
26
26
26
27
26
28
.8
.3
.5
.8
.5
.3
.3
.9
.7
.0
.0
.5
.0
.8
.1
.9
.1
.6
.7
.8
.6
.2
.4
.8
.9
.1
.7
.2
.7
.6
.3
26.7
27.8
30.2
28.6
24.7
24.8
26.2
28.4
30.0
29.9
28.8
28.6
28.0
27.1
26.7
25.9
25.8
26.4
27.4
27.4
27.9
27.1
27.4
27.3
26.4
26.5
27.5
27.3
27.9
28.3
28.3
21.
22.
23.
22.
22.
26.
25.
26.
27.
27.
25.
25.
25.
26.
25.
24.
24.
25.
24.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
23.
24.
24.
23.
24.
24.
4
9
1
8
8
6
9
1
9
2
1
5
0
0
7
2
7
5
9
5
0
8
3
8
3
9
2
7
8
4
9
29,
29,
29,
28,
28,
27,
26,
26,
27,
26,
27,
26,
26,
26,
25,
26,
25,
25,
25,
25,
.6
.3
. 1
.2
.2
.9
.6
.5
.9
.3
.1
.4
.2
.1
.6
.3
.9
.7
.3
.4
22.
23.
24.
23.
24.
26.
29.
28.
25.
24.
25.
25.
24.
25.
25.
24.
25.
24.
22.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
25.
24.
24.
6
4
6
2
4
6
2
0
6
2
4
1
6
8
8
6
3
8
9
0
4
1
5
5
2
3
0
8
1
7
3
18
18
19
18
20
23
22
23
22
22
21
21
21
21
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
21
21
21
20
21
21
22
22
22
.5
.5
.6
.9
. 1
. 1
.7
.3
.8
.3
.4
.9
.9
.4
.4
.0
.1
.7
.2
.1
.2
.3
.5
.4
.1
.9
.0
.8
.3
.3
.3
13.5
14.9
15. 6
16. 9
17.2
20. 0
21.4
22.2
22. 1
22.4
23. 0
23. 8
24. 0
24.4
24. 0
23.7
23. 9
23. 6
24. 1
24. 0
24.2
24.2
24.3
24.4
24. 1
24.1
24.3
24.5
24.7
24.7
24.7
M-3D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-4 Model Year 1975 to 2005 Vans Adjusted 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group
YEAR GM Ford DC Toyota Honda Nissan HK VW Others All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
12.2
11.9
12.7
11.9
12.4
14.2
15.3
15.2
16.0
15.5
15.9
16.5
16.9
17.2
17.3
17.6
17.8
17.8
17.7
17.9
17.6
18.3
18.7
18.9
18.8
18.9
19.6
19.1
19.8
18.9
18.7
10
11
13
12
10
13
14
13
13
14
13
16
16
16
17
16
17
17
17
17
18
18
17
19
17
18
15
18
19
18
20
.7
.4
.2
.8
.3
.8
.3
.8
.8
. 1
.8
.8
.7
.6
.1
.6
.0
.0
.8
.1
.5
.3
.7
.0
.9
.6
.8
.8
.1
.4
.0
10,
12,
11,
11,
11,
14,
14,
15,
15,
17,
17,
18,
19,
19,
19,
19,
19,
19,
20,
19,
19,
19,
19,
19,
19,
20,
20,
20,
20,
21,
21,
. 7
.1
. 7
.4
.7
.1
.8
.0
.3
.2
.9
.7
.0
.6
.3
.6
.4
.5
.2
.1
.6
.4
.4
.9
.6
.0
.0
.4
.9
.0
.1
17
22
22
22
21
21
21
19
19
18
18
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
21
21
.5
.9
.6
.3
.6
.9
.9
.5
.0
.6
.8
.2
.1
.0
.7
.6
.6
.1
.1
.1
.9
.4
21.
24.
21.
23.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
22.
7
3
2
0
6
5
5
7
7
7
0
19.
19.
18.
21.
22.
21.
18.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
21.
21.
, 0
, 0
, 9
,7
,2
, 8
, 6
,4
, 6
, 6
,3
,4
,7
,5
,3
,3 17.1
17.1
,0 18.1
,2 18.2
17.
17.
18.
17.
16.
16.
15.
18.
16.
17.
18.
16.
16.
16.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
16.
15.
16.
16.
17.
17.
17.
,6
,0
,9
,0
,0
,2
,8
,4
,4 17
,6 23
,1 18
,3 17
,1
,9
,7
,6
,7
,9
,1
,6
,8
,3
,2
,6
,8
,8
11. 1
11.8
12.5
12. 1
11.5
14. 1
14. 8
14.7
.1 15. 1
.2 16. 1
.5 16.5
.6 17.5
17. 8
18. 0
18. 0
18. 1
18.3
18.3
18.7
18.3
18. 6
19. 0
18. 8
19.4
19. 0
19.5
18. 9
19.7
20. 1
19.8
20.4
M-4D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-5 Model Year 1975 to 2005 SUVs Adjusted 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
10
11
12
11
9
12
13
16
17
17
17
17
18
18
17
17
18
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
.0
.1
.5
.9
.5
.7
.9
.6
.8
.6
.8
.5
.1
.3
.8
.3
.1
.3
.4
.4
.1
.4
.0
.1
.7
.3
.2
.3
. 1
.1
.9
12
12
13
12
11
13
14
14
14
16
16
17
17
17
16
15
17
17
17
17
16
16
16
16
16
16
18
17
16
17
17
.3
.8
.4
.7
.6
.5
.6
.5
.8
.2
.4
.0
.6
. 1
.3
.9
.1
. 1
.2
.1
.5
.7
.0
.0
.0
.1
.1
.1
.7
.2
.0
11.
11.
12.
11.
10.
11.
12.
12.
13.
11.
12.
13.
15.
16.
16.
17.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
17.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
17.
17.
17.
,1
,6
,0
,5
,6
,7
,8
,9
,2
,5
,8
,2
,1
,5
,4
,0
,6
,9
, 7
,4
,5
,5
,1
,5
,5
,6
, 7
,7
,9
,7
,5
10
9
11
10
11
11
12
12
12
14
18
19
19
17
16
16
15
14
14
14
15
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
.2
.3
.6
.9
.7
.7
.2
.1
.0
.7
.0
.8
.3
.2
.8
.6
.7
.5
.8
.8
.8
.3
.5
.5
.3
.0
.2
.2
.1
.6
.6
17.
16.
21.
21.
21.
22.
21.
22.
21.
21.
20.
2
6
0
6
8
1
5
4
3
1
8
15.
15.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
15.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
18.
17.
18.
, 9
, 8
, 1
, 6
, 6
,7
, 6
, 8
,2
, 9
,7
, 6
,7
,7
, 9
,9
, 6
,5
, 1
20,
19,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
19,
18,
20,
.7
.9
.2
.8
.8
.0
.3
.5
.3
.9
.0
11.2
14.5
21.8
23.1
18.0
16.3
16.3
14.9
16.4
17.2
17.1
16.5 17.5
16.7 17.8
11. 0
11.7
12. 8
12.3
10. 6
13.2
14.3
15. 0
16.2
16.4
16. 9
17.2
17. 6
17.4
17. 0
16. 9
17.3
16. 9
17. 0
16. 8
16.7
17. 1
17. 1
17. 1
17.2
17.1
17. 8
17.6
17. 8
17.8
18. 1
M-5D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-6 Model Year 1975 to 2005 Pickups Adjusted 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
12.
12.
12.
12.
13.
15.
17.
18.
18.
17.
17.
17.
18.
17.
17.
16.
18.
17.
17.
17.
17.
18.
17.
18.
16.
17.
17.
16.
17.
16.
17.
2
4
9
6
1
9
2
7
2
7
5
8
2
4
5
4
2
3
2
1
2
2
5
0
9
8
4
3
2
9
6
10
11
13
13
12
15
16
16
17
17
17
18
18
18
17
18
18
17
18
18
17
18
18
17
17
17
16
17
17
17
16
.7
.8
.6
.5
.7
.4
.6
.0
.9
.8
.3
.5
.8
.4
.9
. 1
.3
.8
.2
.5
.5
.3
.1
.9
.5
.6
.9
.1
.1
.3
.8
11
11
12
12
12
17
17
18
20
16
16
17
18
18
17
16
16
16
16
16
15
14
15
15
15
15
14
15
15
16
16
.0
.9
.3
.3
.8
.3
.2
.3
.5
.8
.4
.5
.4
.4
.5
.8
.7
.7
.4
.2
.3
.8
.1
.4
.2
.7
.8
.3
.5
.0
.0
18
18
23
20
16
18
22
21
21
21
23
22
22
21
20
19
20
20
20
20
19
20
17
20
19
17
18
17
17
17
18
.2
.9
.1
.9
.6
.3
.5
.8
.7
.4
.0
.5
.6
.4
.0
.7
.2
.1
.2
.7
.8
.1
.4
.2
.7
.7
.0
.8
.9
.8
.4
Nissan
20. 1
20.9
21.3
21.7
19.7
21.3
23. 6
23. 6
23.3
22.3
21. 8
21. 0
21.4
21. 0
21. 1
23. 1
22. 9
22. 8
22.5
21. 8
21.2
21.4
21.2
21.7
19. 8
18.6
18. 9
18.7
19. 1
19.2
16. 0
HK
VW
Others
All
26.7 15.9
31.4
33.3
27.9
21.1
19.3
17.8
14.8
18.5
15.2
11.
12.
13.
13.
13.
16.
17.
18.
18.
18.
18.
18.
19.
18.
18.
17.
18.
17.
18.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
16.
16.
17.
17.
17.
9
4
6
3
2
5
9
5
9
3
2
9
2
3
0
7
5
9
0
9
4
7
5
7
0
5
7
6
0
1
1
M-6D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-7 Model Year 1975 to 2005 Trucks Adjusted 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
12
12
12
12
12
15
16
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
16
18
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
.0
.2
.8
.4
.5
.3
.7
.9
.7
.2
.2
.4
.8
.6
.5
.9
.1
.4
.4
.4
.3
.8
.5
.2
.5
.8
.6
.1
.4
.2
.9
10
11
13
13
12
14
16
15
16
16
16
17
18
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
.9
.8
.5
.3
. 1
.8
.0
.3
.7
.9
.4
.8
.1
.8
.4
.4
.6
.4
.8
.9
.6
.7
.2
.3
.0
.1
.2
.3
.1
.3
.3
10,
12,
12,
11,
12,
16,
16,
16,
18,
16,
16,
17,
18,
18,
18,
18,
18,
18,
18,
17,
17,
17,
17,
17,
17,
17,
16,
17,
17,
18,
18,
.8
.0
.0
.8
.2
.0
.1
.7
.5
.5
.9
.9
.4
.4
.0
.3
.1
.3
.2
.5
.1
.2
.3
.1
.0
.4
.8
.1
.9
.0
.1
16
16
19
18
16
18
22
21
21
21
22
22
22
20
19
18
19
18
18
18
18
19
19
20
19
18
19
18
18
19
19
.1
.0
.5
.1
.4
.2
.3
.4
.2
.2
.5
.2
.0
.7
.7
.6
.0
.6
.8
.7
.0
.7
.3
.0
.6
.7
.0
.9
.7
.1
.5
17.
21.
19.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
2
7
2
0
7
5
3
1
6
1
0
1
20.
20.
21.
21.
19.
21.
23.
23.
23.
22.
21.
21.
20.
19.
20.
21.
21.
20.
20.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
18.
17.
17.
17.
18.
18.
18.
, 1
,9
,3
,7
,7
,3
, 6
, 6
,3
,3
, 8
, 0
, 0
,4
,2
, 6
, 1
,4
,2
,5
, 1
,5
, 0
, 0
, 1
,7
, 6
,6
,7
, 1
, 0
20,
19,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
19,
18,
18,
19,
.7
.9
.2
.8
.8
.0
.3
.4
.6
.6
.5
17.
17.
18.
17.
16.
21.
25.
23.
17.
17.
18.
16.
16.
16.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
16.
15.
16.
16.
17.
17.
17.
16.
16.
,6
,0
,9
,0
,0
,5
,1
,6
,3
,6
,1
,3
,1
,9
,7
,6
,7
,9
,1
,6
,8
,3
,2
,6
,8
,8
,5
, 7
11.
14.
17.
21.
18.
17.
19.
17.
14.
20.
17.
16.
16.
14.
16.
17.
17.
17.
17.
2
7
1
8
5
6
3
8
8
5
8
3
3
9
4
2
1
5
8
11. 6
12.2
13.3
12. 9
12.5
15. 8
17. 1
17.4
17. 8
17.4
17.5
18.3
18.4
18. 1
17. 8
17.7
18. 1
17. 8
17. 9
17.7
17.5
17. 8
17. 6
17. 8
17.5
17.7
17. 6
17.6
17. 8
17.9
18.2
M-7D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-8 Model Year 1975 to 2005 All Adjusted 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
12.7
13.7
14.7
15.3
15.4
18.3
19.4
20.3
19.7
20.2
20.7
21.6
21.8
21.7
21.3
21.0
21.3
20.8
20.9
20.6
20.5
21.3
21.0
21.0
20.5
20.6
20.6
20.0
19.9
20.1
20.5
12
13
14
15
15
17
18
19
19
20
20
20
20
21
20
20
20
20
21
20
20
20
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
.0
.6
.1
. 1
.0
.8
.8
.3
.5
. 1
.3
.7
.7
.0
.9
.5
.9
.4
.2
.6
.8
.1
.7
.7
.6
.7
.4
.4
.1
.1
.5
12
13
13
14
16
18
21
21
22
21
20
21
21
21
20
20
20
20
20
19
20
19
19
19
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
.4
.5
.5
.9
.0
.9
.6
.5
.1
.0
.9
.4
.3
.0
.6
.7
.8
.4
.3
.3
.0
.3
.4
.2
.9
.4
.0
.1
. 7
.7
.8
18
20
23
21
19
22
25
24
26
25
25
25
25
25
24
23
23
22
22
22
23
23
23
23
23
22
22
22
23
23
23
.4
.5
.6
.9
.5
.1
.4
.8
.0
.2
.6
.0
.5
.2
.6
.7
.5
.8
.7
.5
.0
.3
.1
.4
.1
.4
.6
.2
.1
.2
.5
26.7
27.8
30.2
28.6
24.7
24.8
26.2
28.4
30.0
29.9
28.8
28.6
28.0
27.1
26.7
25.9
25.8
26.4
27.4
26.9
27.6
26.5
26.4
26.4
25.3
25.1
25.5
25.4
24.8
24.9
25.1
21.
22.
22.
22.
22.
25.
25.
25.
27.
26.
24.
23.
23.
23.
24.
23.
23.
24.
23.
23.
22.
23.
22.
23.
22.
20.
20.
21.
21.
21.
21.
1
4
7
6
3
4
5
5
0
0
1
4
7
9
2
4
5
1
2
3
2
7
7
1
6
7
5
3
7
2
7
29,
29,
29,
28,
28,
27,
26,
26,
27,
25,
26,
25,
25,
25,
24,
24,
23,
23,
22,
22,
.6
.3
. 1
.2
.2
.9
.6
.5
.9
.9
.4
.4
.1
.0
.5
.8
.7
.1
.6
.3
22.
23.
24.
23.
23.
26.
28.
27.
24.
23.
24.
24.
24.
25.
25.
24.
24.
24.
22.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
23.
24.
25.
23.
23.
6
4
6
1
9
0
6
4
5
6
7
6
0
5
5
2
9
8
0
0
3
1
3
5
1
2
9
7
0
8
4
18
18
19
18
18
22
22
23
22
22
21
21
21
21
20
20
19
19
19
21
21
22
21
21
21
20
19
20
21
21
20
.5
.5
.6
.9
.3
. 1
.7
.3
.7
.3
.4
.9
.9
.4
.3
. 1
.3
.6
.7
.1
.2
.3
.5
.4
.1
.7
.9
.9
.3
.0
.8
13. 1
14.2
15. 1
15. 8
15. 9
19.2
20.5
21. 1
21. 0
21. 0
21.3
21. 9
22. 1
22. 1
21.7
21.5
21.7
21.3
21.4
21. 0
21. 1
21.2
20. 9
20. 9
20. 6
20.7
20.7
20.6
20. 8
20.8
21. 0
M-8D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-9 Model Year 1975 to 2005 Cars Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
15.2
16.7
17.9
19.2
19.4
22.1
23.4
24.6
23.7
24.5
25.7
27.2
27.4
28.3
27.6
27.4
27.2
26.8
27.4
27.5
27.4
28.2
28.1
27.6
27.4
27.6
28.1
28.5
28.4
29.0
28.9
14
17
17
18
19
22
23
24
24
26
26
26
26
27
27
26
27
27
27
27
27
26
27
27
27
27
26
27
26
26
26
.6
.0
.0
.9
.4
.4
.5
.8
.8
.0
.4
.9
.8
. 1
.1
.7
.4
.0
.7
.1
.6
.6
.0
.5
.4
.1
.9
.2
.8
.1
.9
15
16
16
19
21
23
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
26
28
27
27
28
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
.0
.2
.3
.2
.2
.5
.0
.4
.7
.5
.5
.8
.3
.9
.6
.4
.3
.2
. 7
.6
.1
.4
.5
.4
.3
.5
.3
.1
.3
.8
.1
21
25
28
27
23
27
31
30
31
32
32
32
33
32
31
30
30
28
28
29
30
29
29
30
30
30
31
30
32
30
32
.2
.0
.8
.0
.9
.4
.1
.5
.7
.8
.1
.3
.0
.7
.9
.4
.6
.9
.9
.0
.0
.5
.8
.2
.4
.5
.3
.7
.2
.7
.9
31.
32.
36.
34.
29.
28.
30.
33.
35.
35.
33.
33.
32.
31.
31.
30.
30.
31.
32.
32.
32.
31.
32.
32.
30.
31.
32.
32.
32.
33.
33.
4
9
2
0
0
9
6
2
2
1
7
5
8
8
2
3
4
0
2
1
9
9
2
0
9
0
2
0
7
1
1
25.
26.
27.
27.
26.
31.
30.
30.
32.
31.
29.
30.
29.
30.
30.
28.
29.
29.
29.
29.
29.
30.
29.
30.
29.
28.
28.
28.
27.
28.
29.
2
8
2
0
6
1
4
5
5
6
4
2
4
7
2
3
0
9
1
8
2
2
6
2
6
0
3
9
9
6
2
34,
34,
34,
33,
33,
32,
31,
31,
32,
30,
31,
31,
30,
30,
30,
30,
30,
30,
29,
29,
.9
.5
.3
.1
. 1
.7
.2
.1
.7
.9
.8
.0
.7
.6
.0
.7
.3
.1
.5
.8
26.
27.
28.
27.
28.
30.
34.
32.
30.
28.
30.
29.
29.
30.
30.
28.
29.
29.
27.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
29.
29.
28.
28.
4
5
8
2
6
8
1
9
0
5
0
6
0
2
3
9
8
1
0
2
8
3
8
8
4
8
5
1
5
9
4
21.6
21.6
22.9
22.3
23.6
27.2
26.7
27.3
26.7
26.2
25.1
25.7
25.7
25.1
23.9
23.4
23.5
24.2
24.8
24.7
24.7
26.1
25.1
24.9
24.7
24.5
24.5
25.5
26.1
26.1
26.1
15. 8
17.5
18.4
20. 0
20.3
23.5
25. 1
26. 1
25.7
26.3
26. 9
28. 0
28.2
28. 6
28.2
27. 8
28. 0
27. 6
28. 1
28. 0
28.3
28.3
28.4
28.5
28.2
28.2
28.5
28.8
28. 9
29.0
29. 1
M-9D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-10 Model Year 1975 to 2005 Wagons Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
15.
15.
17.
18.
18.
21.
23.
23.
23.
24.
25.
26.
26.
27.
26.
26.
26.
26.
27.
27.
27.
27.
28.
29.
28.
28.
28.
27.
30.
29.
29.
0
9
5
5
5
4
2
1
9
8
4
1
3
3
6
7
4
6
5
3
9
5
9
1
6
4
1
6
4
6
7
14
16
16
18
19
22
25
25
25
26
26
27
26
26
25
25
28
28
31
30
30
27
29
27
27
27
26
27
27
27
27
.4
.6
.6
.5
.9
.8
. 1
.3
.8
. 1
.8
.0
.5
.5
.8
.3
.6
.3
.0
.8
.8
.5
.2
.6
.2
.6
.9
.8
.9
.3
.5
15
17
16
17
18
19
25
27
27
28
27
28
27
28
28
25
21
21
26
25
25
27
26
26
27
25
25
24
25
.5
.0
.5
.7
.2
.2
.8
.9
.7
.1
.0
.0
.6
.7
.8
.1
.2
.3
.0
.4
. 7
.2
. 7
.7
.0
.4
.6
.9
.3
22
24
27
25
24
27
29
29
34
33
35
32
32
31
30
29
30
28
29
29
30
30
35
34
36
.8
.6
.8
.5
.9
.4
.1
.3
.8
.9
.1
.1
.6
.5
.6
.9
.8
.9
.7
.5
.8
.6
.2
.8
.3
29.
31.
31.
29.
32.
33.
36.
36.
36.
34.
34.
34.
34.
34.
35.
28.
27.
27.
29.
29.
28.
27.
4
9
5
9
5
7
7
7
1
8
6
2
2
7
2
7
1
6
0
0
5
2
20. 9
27.4
27. 1
25.5
27. 9
32.2
31.4
32. 0
34. 6
35. 1
30. 0
28.2
27. 8
28. 0
32.3
33.5
HK
VW
Others
All
30.2
30.4
29.5
28.9
28.9
27.
27.
28.
25.
25.
40.
40.
29.
30.
24.
25.
22.
26.
31.
29.
28.
26.
26.
23.
23.
23.
27.
24.
25.
26.
25.
24.
27.
28.
29.
28.
2
9
7
7
0
1
6
8
6
8
9
8
7
0
3
3
9
7
7
6
7
6
6
9
5
0
2
7
4
2
5
21
22
24
21
25
29
27
28
28
25
24
25
24
23
23
25
23
23
24
23
24
23
24
24
25
25
25
25
.9
.5
.2
.0
.2
.9
.5
.3
.6
.3
.8
.3
.3
.3
.2
.9
.2
.2
.3
.5
.4
.6
.5
.9
.5
.6
.8
.8
16.
17.
18.
19.
19.
23.
25.
25.
27.
26.
27.
27.
27.
27.
26.
26.
28.
27.
29.
29.
29.
27.
28.
28.
27.
27.
26.
26.
29.
28.
27.
1
3
0
2
7
6
6
3
2
4
5
1
2
6
9
7
0
5
6
4
6
7
9
3
7
7
9
7
1
6
8
M-10D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-ll Model Year 1975 to 2005 Cars and Wagons Lab. 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
15.2
16.7
17.9
19.2
19.3
22.0
23.4
24.4
23.7
24.6
25.7
27.1
27.3
28.2
27.5
27.3
27.2
26.8
27.4
27.5
27.4
28.1
28.2
27.6
27.5
27.7
28.1
28.5
28.6
29.1
28.9
14
17
16
18
19
22
23
24
24
26
26
26
26
27
27
26
27
27
28
27
27
26
27
27
27
27
26
27
26
26
26
.6
.0
.9
.8
.5
.5
.8
.8
.9
. 1
.5
.9
.8
.0
.0
.6
.5
. 1
.0
.4
.9
.7
.2
.5
.4
.1
.9
.2
.9
.2
.9
15
16
16
19
20
23
26
27
27
27
27
27
27
28
27
27
27
27
27
26
28
27
27
28
27
27
27
26
27
27
26
.1
.4
.3
.0
.9
.2
.8
.5
.7
.6
.5
.8
.3
.0
.6
.3
.3
.2
.6
.5
.1
.4
.5
.4
.3
.5
.3
.9
.1
.0
.6
22
25
28
26
24
27
30
30
32
32
32
32
32
32
31
30
30
28
29
29
30
29
29
30
30
30
31
30
32
31
33
.0
.0
.7
.8
.0
.4
.9
.4
.6
.9
.8
.3
.9
.7
.8
.4
.6
.9
.0
.1
.0
.5
.8
.2
.4
.5
.3
.7
.4
.1
.1
31.
32.
35.
33.
29.
29.
30.
33.
35.
35.
33.
33.
32.
31.
31.
30.
30.
30.
32.
32.
32.
31.
32.
32.
30.
31.
32.
32.
32.
33.
33.
4
6
5
7
0
2
8
4
3
2
8
6
8
8
3
4
3
9
2
1
8
8
1
0
9
0
2
0
7
1
1
25.
26.
27.
26.
26.
31.
30.
30.
32.
31.
29.
29.
29.
30.
30.
28.
29.
29.
29.
29.
29.
30.
29.
30.
29.
28.
28.
28.
27.
28.
29.
0
9
2
8
8
2
5
7
7
9
5
9
3
6
2
4
0
9
1
8
2
2
6
2
6
0
3
9
9
6
2
34,
34,
34,
33,
33,
32,
31,
31,
32,
30,
31,
30,
30,
30,
29,
30,
30,
30,
29,
29,
.9
.5
.3
.1
. 1
.7
.2
.1
.7
.9
.7
.9
.6
.5
.9
.7
.3
.1
.5
.8
26.
27.
28.
27.
28.
31.
34.
32.
30.
28.
29.
29.
28.
30.
30.
28.
29.
29.
26.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
29.
29.
28.
28.
5
5
8
2
6
2
2
8
1
4
9
4
9
3
2
9
7
0
8
1
6
2
6
6
3
5
1
0
3
9
4
21.7
21.7
22.9
22.1
23.6
27.2
26.7
27.4
26.7
26.2
25.1
25.7
25.7
25.1
23.9
23.4
23.5
24.2
24.8
24.7
24.7
26.1
25.1
24.9
24.7
24.5
24.5
25.5
26.1
26.1
26.1
15. 8
17.5
18.3
19. 9
20.3
23.5
25. 1
26. 0
25. 9
26.3
27. 0
27. 9
28. 1
28. 6
28. 1
27. 8
28. 0
27. 6
28.2
28. 1
28.3
28.3
28.4
28.5
28.2
28.2
28.4
28.6
28. 9
28.9
28. 9
M-11D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-12 Model Year 1975 to 2005 Vans Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
14.4
14.0
15.0
14.1
14.7
16.7
18.0
17.9
18.9
18.2
18.7
19.4
19.8
20.2
20.2
20.7
20.8
20.8
20.7
21.0
20.6
21.5
21.9
22.2
22.0
22.1
22.9
22.3
23.2
22.1
21.9
12
13
15
15
12
16
16
16
16
16
16
19
19
19
20
19
19
19
20
20
21
21
20
22
20
21
18
22
22
21
23
.6
.4
.5
.0
. 1
.2
.8
.2
.3
.6
.2
.7
.6
.4
.0
.5
.9
.9
.9
.0
.6
.4
.7
.3
.9
.8
.5
.1
.4
.5
.5
12.
14.
13.
13.
13.
16.
17.
17.
18.
20.
21.
22.
22.
23.
22.
23.
22.
22.
23.
22.
23.
22.
22.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
24.
24.
24.
,6
,2
,8
,4
,8
,6
,4
,7
,0
,3
,0
,0
,3
,0
,6
,0
,8
,9
, 7
,4
,0
,8
, 7
,3
,0
,4
,4
,8
,5
,5
, 7
20
27
26
26
25
25
25
22
22
21
22
22
22
22
24
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
.5
.0
.6
.3
.5
.8
.9
.9
.3
.9
.0
.6
.4
.3
.2
.1
.1
.7
.7
.7
.6
.0
25.
28.
24.
27.
24.
23.
24.
24.
24.
24.
25.
5
5
9
0
1
9
0
2
2
2
7
22.
22.
22.
25.
26.
25.
21.
22.
23.
22.
22.
22.
23.
22.
22.
22.
24.
24.
,4
,3
,2
,4
, 0
, 6
, 8
,7
, 0
, 9
, 6
,7
, 1
,8
, 6
,6 20.0
20.0
,6 21.1
,8 21.3
20.
19.
22.
20.
18.
19.
18.
21.
19.
20.
21.
19.
18.
19.
20.
20.
20.
21.
20.
19.
18.
19.
19.
20.
20.
20.
, 7
,9
,2
,0
,7
,0
,5
,7
,3 20
,7 27
,3 21
,2 20
,9
,9
,8
,8
,9
,0
,1
,6
,5
,1
,0
, 7
,9
,9
13. 1
13.9
14.7
14.2
13.5
16. 6
17.5
17.3
.2 17.7
.4 18. 9
.6 19.5
.8 20.6
20. 9
21.2
21. 1
21.2
21.4
21.5
21. 9
21.5
21. 8
22.2
22. 1
22.7
22.3
22.8
22. 1
23.0
23.5
23.2
23. 8
M-12D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-13 Model Year 1975 to 2005 SUVs Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
11.
13.
14.
14.
11.
14.
16.
19.
20.
20.
20.
20.
21.
21.
20.
20.
21.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
19.
21.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
21.
8
1
7
0
3
9
3
5
8
6
8
6
2
5
9
3
2
2
4
4
1
4
9
2
7
3
2
2
0
0
0
14
15
15
15
13
15
17
17
17
19
19
20
20
20
19
18
20
20
20
20
19
19
18
18
18
18
21
20
19
20
20
.5
.0
.8
.0
.7
.9
.2
. 1
.4
. 1
.3
.0
.6
. 1
.2
.6
.1
.0
.1
.0
.4
.5
.7
.7
.7
.8
.2
.1
.5
.1
.0
13.
13.
14.
13.
12.
13.
15.
15.
15.
13.
15.
15.
17.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
20.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
21.
20.
20.
,0
,6
,0
,5
,5
,8
,0
,1
,5
,6
,0
,6
,8
,3
,3
,9
,5
,9
,5
,2
,3
,3
,0
,3
,3
,5
,5
,5
,0
,7
,5
12
10
13
12
13
13
14
14
14
17
21
23
22
20
19
19
18
17
17
17
18
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
23
.0
.9
.6
.7
.8
.8
.3
.2
.1
.3
.1
.3
.7
.3
.7
.5
.5
.0
.4
.4
.5
.7
.9
.9
.7
.4
.5
.6
.4
.9
.0
20.
19.
24.
25.
25.
26.
25.
26.
25.
24.
24.
2
4
7
4
7
0
3
3
0
8
4
18.
18.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
18.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
21.
20.
21.
,7
,5
, 0
,5
,5
, 6
,4
, 6
, 1
, 8
, 6
,5
,5
,6
, 8
,9
, 8
,5
,2
24,
23,
23,
24,
24,
23,
23,
24,
22,
22,
23,
.3
.4
.7
.4
.4
.5
.8
.0
.6
.1
.4
13.1
17.1
25.6
27.3
21.3
19.2
19.2
17.5
19.2
20.1
20.0
19.3 20.5
19.5 20.9
13. 0
13.8
15. 1
14.4
12. 6
15.5
16. 8
17. 6
19. 1
19.3
19. 8
20.2
20. 6
20.4
20. 0
19. 8
20.3
19. 9
19. 9
19.7
19. 6
20. 0
20. 1
20. 1
20. 1
20.1
20. 8
20.6
20. 8
20.9
21.2
M-13D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-14 Model Year 1975 to 2005 Pickups Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group
YEAR GM Ford DC Toyota Honda Nissan HK VW Others All
23. 6 14. 0
24.5 14.6
25. 0 16.0
25.6 15.7
23.2 15.5
25.1 31.3 18.7 19.4
27.7 36.9 21.0
27.8 39.2 21.7
27.4 32.8 22.2
26.2 24.9 21.5
25.7 21.4
24.7 22.2
25.1 22.8 22.5
24.7 20.8 21.5
24.8 17.4 21.2
27. 1 21.8 20.7
26.9 17.9 21.7
26.7 20. 9
26.4 21.1
25.6 21.0
24.9 20.4
25.2 20.8
24.9 20.4
25.5 20.7
23.3 19. 9
21.8 20.5
22.2 19.6
22.0 19.5
22.4 19. 9
22.5 20.0
18.7 20.0
M-14D
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
14.
14.
15.
14.
15.
18.
20.
21.
21.
20.
20.
20.
21.
20.
20.
19.
21.
20.
20.
20.
20.
21.
20.
21.
19.
20.
20.
19.
20.
19.
20.
3
6
2
8
5
6
2
9
4
8
5
9
3
4
5
2
4
3
2
0
2
3
5
1
8
8
4
1
1
9
7
12
13
16
15
14
18
19
18
21
20
20
21
22
21
21
21
21
20
21
21
20
21
21
21
20
20
19
20
20
20
19
.6
.9
.0
.9
.8
. 1
.5
.9
.0
.9
.3
.7
.1
.6
.1
.3
.4
.8
.3
.7
.5
.4
.2
.0
.5
.6
.9
.1
.1
.3
.7
13
14
14
14
15
20
20
21
24
19
19
20
21
21
20
19
19
19
19
19
18
17
17
18
17
18
17
17
18
18
18
.0
.0
.4
.5
.1
.3
.2
.5
.1
.7
.3
.6
.6
.6
.5
.8
.6
.6
.2
.0
.0
.4
. 7
.0
. 7
.4
.3
.9
.2
.8
. 7
21
22
27
24
19
21
26
25
25
25
27
26
26
25
23
23
23
23
23
24
23
23
20
23
23
20
21
20
21
20
21
.3
.1
.2
.6
.5
.5
.5
.6
.5
.1
.0
.4
.6
.1
.5
.1
.8
.7
.8
.3
.3
.6
.4
.7
.2
.8
.2
.9
.0
.9
.6
-------
Appendix M
Table M-15 Model Year 1975 to 2005 Trucks Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
14.1
14.3
15.1
14.6
14.7
18.0
19.6
21.1
20.8
20.2
20.2
20.4
20.9
20.6
20.6
19.8
21.2
20.4
20.4
20.3
20.2
20.9
20.5
21.3
20.5
20.8
20.6
20.0
20.4
20.2
21.0
12
13
15
15
14
17
18
18
19
19
19
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
.8
.9
.9
.6
.2
.4
.8
.0
.6
.8
.3
.9
.2
.9
.5
.4
.7
.4
.9
.9
.7
.8
.2
.3
.9
.1
.2
.3
.1
.3
.3
12,
14,
14,
13,
14,
18,
18,
19,
21,
19,
19,
21,
21,
21,
21,
21,
21,
21,
21,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
19,
20,
19,
20,
21,
21,
21,
. 7
.1
.1
.9
.4
.9
.9
.7
.7
.4
.9
.1
.6
.6
.1
.5
.2
.5
.3
.6
.1
.2
.2
.1
.9
.4
.6
.0
.0
.1
.2
18
18
22
21
19
21
26
25
25
24
26
26
25
24
23
21
22
21
22
22
21
23
22
23
23
22
22
22
22
22
22
.9
.8
.9
.3
.2
.4
.2
.2
.0
.9
.5
.1
.9
.4
.2
.8
.4
.9
.1
.0
.2
.1
.6
.4
.0
.0
.3
.2
.0
.4
.9
20.2
25.5
22.5
24.7
25.5
25.2
25.0
24.7
25.3
24.8
24.6
24.8
23.
24.
25.
25.
23.
25.
27.
27.
27.
26.
25.
24.
23.
22.
23.
25.
24.
24.
23.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
21.
20.
20.
20.
21.
21.
21.
, 6
,5
, 0
, 6
,2
, 1
,7
, 8
,4
,2
,7
,7
,5
,7
,7
,3
, 8
, 0
,7
, 9
,4
, 9
,3
,3
,2
,8
,7
,7
, 9
,2
, 0
24,
23,
23,
24,
24,
23,
23,
22,
21,
21,
22,
.3
.4
.7
.4
.4
.5
.8
.8
.9
.8
.9
20.
19.
22.
20.
18.
25.
29.
27.
20.
20.
21.
19.
18.
19.
20.
20.
20.
21.
20.
19.
18.
19.
19.
20.
20.
20.
19.
19.
, 7
,9
,2
,0
,7
,2
,5
,8
,3
,7
,3
,2
,9
,9
,8
,8
,9
,0
,1
,6
,5
,1
,0
, 7
,9
,9
,3
,5
13
17
20
25
21
20
22
20
17
24
21
19
19
17
19
20
20
20
20
. 1
.3
.2
.7
.6
.9
.8
.8
.4
.2
.0
.2
.2
.5
.2
.1
.0
.5
.9
13.7
14.4
15. 6
15.2
14.7
18. 6
20. 1
20.5
20. 9
20.5
20. 6
21.4
21. 6
21.2
20. 9
20.7
21.3
20. 8
21. 0
20. 8
20.5
20. 8
20. 6
20. 9
20.5
20.8
20. 6
20.6
20. 9
20.9
21.3
M-15D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-16 Model Year 1975 to 2005 All Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
14.9
16.1
17.3
18.0
18.1
21.4
22.8
23.8
23.1
23.6
24.2
25.3
25.5
25.5
24.9
24.6
24.9
24.3
24.5
24.2
24.0
25.0
24.5
24.6
23.9
24.1
24.1
23.4
23.3
23.6
24.0
14
16
16
17
17
20
22
22
22
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
24
23
24
24
24
23
23
23
22
23
22
22
22
22
22
.1
.0
.6
.7
.6
.9
. 1
.6
.8
.6
.9
.3
.3
.7
.5
. 1
.5
.9
.8
.1
.3
.6
.1
.1
.9
.0
.7
.7
.4
.4
.8
14
15
15
17
18
22
25
25
26
24
24
25
25
24
24
24
24
23
23
22
23
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
.6
.9
.9
.5
.8
.2
.4
.3
.0
.7
.5
.1
.0
.7
.1
.2
.3
.9
.8
.6
.4
.5
.8
.4
.1
.8
.2
.3
.0
.1
.2
21
24
27
25
22
25
29
29
30
29
30
29
30
29
28
27
27
26
26
26
27
27
27
27
27
26
26
26
27
27
27
.6
.0
.7
.7
.9
.9
.9
.1
.5
.7
.0
.4
.0
.6
.9
.8
.5
.8
.7
.4
.0
.4
.1
.4
.1
.2
.5
.0
.1
.2
.5
31.4
32.6
35.5
33.7
29.0
29.2
30.8
33.4
35.3
35.2
33.8
33.6
32.8
31.8
31.3
30.4
30.3
30.9
32.2
31.5
32.4
31.1
31.0
30.9
29.6
29.4
29.9
29.8
29.1
29.2
29.3
24.
26.
26.
26.
26.
29.
30.
30.
31.
30.
28.
27.
27.
28.
28.
27.
27.
28.
27.
27.
26.
27.
26.
27.
26.
24.
24.
25.
25.
24.
25.
7
3
7
5
2
8
0
0
7
5
4
5
8
1
4
5
6
2
1
3
1
7
6
1
5
3
1
0
4
9
4
34,
34,
34,
33,
33,
32,
31,
31,
32,
30,
30,
29,
29,
29,
28,
29,
27,
27,
26,
26,
.9
.5
.3
.1
. 1
.7
.2
.1
.7
.4
.9
.7
.4
.3
.7
.0
.8
.0
.5
.1
26.
27.
28.
27.
28.
30.
33.
32.
28.
27.
29.
28.
28.
30.
29.
28.
29.
29.
25.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
29.
27.
27.
5
4
8
1
0
5
5
2
7
7
0
9
2
0
9
3
2
0
8
1
4
2
5
6
2
4
0
8
2
9
3
21.7
21.7
22.9
22.1
21.5
25.9
26.7
27.4
26.6
26.2
25.1
25.6
25.6
25.1
23.8
23.5
22.6
22.9
23.1
24.7
24.7
26.1
25.1
24.9
24.7
24.2
23.2
24.5
24.9
24.5
24.3
15.3
16.7
17.7
18. 6
18.7
22.5
24. 1
24.7
24. 6
24. 6
25. 0
25.7
25. 9
25. 9
25.4
25.2
25.4
24. 9
25. 1
24. 6
24.7
24. 8
24.5
24.5
24. 1
24.3
24.2
24.1
24.3
24.4
24. 6
M-16D
-------
Table M-17
Appendix M
Model Year 1975 To 2005 Cars Inertia Weight by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
4469
4358
4140
3744
3713
3337
3395
3307
3407
3311
3283
3127
3146
3119
3157
3234
3228
3289
3248
3266
3331
3295
3303
3364
3404
3433
3438
3404
3485
3429
3484
4039
4079
4212
3803
3543
3134
3057
3030
3092
3085
3105
3142
3165
3211
3249
3334
3245
3380
3290
3382
3367
3441
3400
3338
3371
3433
3454
3447
3584
3634
3631
4233
4141
4180
3683
3424
3025
2804
2968
2972
2926
2972
2956
2947
2989
3102
3184
3191
3223
3215
3352
3238
3324
3358
3274
3499
3441
3496
3503
3539
3538
3657
2746
2742
2623
2611
2708
2622
2555
2576
2744
2712
2778
2769
2822
2778
2829
2959
2920
3096
3144
3144
3175
3204
3232
3313
3304
3260
3242
3352
3217
3415
3269
2000
2001
2058
2113
2313
2337
2351
2363
2389
2387
2440
2576
2639
2772
2805
2889
2899
3004
2969
3047
2986
3041
3013
3173
3220
3195
3189
3218
3283
3271
3285
2589
2547
2537
2510
2502
2469
2535
2575
2523
2653
2749
2777
2875
2776
2837
3026
3081
3026
3097
3035
3143
3121
3122
3283
3341
3381
3305
3368
3430
3478
3546
2500
2500
2500
2580
2636
2628
2768
2786
2672
2805
2710
2791
2798
2883
2942
2965
3066
3114
3201
3223
2353
2336
2348
2406
2388
2379
2400
2470
2521
2621
2643
2642
2682
2667
2715
2882
2887
2940
3081
3070
3083
3118
3117
3190
3228
3228
3281
3370
3400
3454
3626
2761
2810
2727
2662
2769
2716
2856
2759
2924
2965
3180
2967
2935
3023
3198
3363
3430
3549
3628
3648
3741
3468
3552
3560
3584
3626
3678
3642
3571
3574
3560
4071
4044
3936
3572
3468
3092
3079
3039
3121
3091
3091
3026
3013
3035
3088
3167
3147
3234
3210
3251
3266
3276
3274
3305
3361
3366
3366
3379
3421
3445
3481
M-17D
-------
Table M-18
Appendix M
Model Year 1975 To 2005 Wagons Inertia Weight by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
4480
4619
4339
3950
3932
3677
3609
3562
3472
3408
3419
3407
3416
3422
3498
3461
3559
3552
3381
3412
3350
3409
3231
3215
3292
3388
3724
3703
3411
3484
3402
4148
4372
4202
3797
3536
3211
2956
3091
3124
3188
3152
3211
3283
3294
3376
3457
3221
3295
3034
3079
3044
3526
3306
3469
3582
3571
3623
3602
3553
3553
3540
4394
4192
4221
4116
3987
3886
2882
2892
2900
2841
3045
2997
3053
2983
2970
3400
4000
4000
3485
3675
3728
4000
4000
4000
3516
3522
3514
4020
4030
2693
2703
2661
2701
2622
2605
2584
2562
2498
2573
2515
2618
2902
2919
2941
2995
2937
3073
3096
3205
3230
3227
3000
2939
2939
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2317
2374
2390
2599
2536
2666
3238
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3000
2693
2646
2668
2457
2415
2497
2511
2466
2458
2626
2935
2999
2977
2767
2692
VW
Others
All
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2750
2806
3122
3066
3245
2847
2553
2766
3176
3386
3359
3634
3790
3702
3711
3793
3739
3675
3612
3882
3695
3757
3740
3797
2908
2848
2771
2812
3057
3500
2930
3273
2944
3224
3187
3174
3500
3500
3500
3019
3463
3942
3994
4000
4000
4000
3751
3844
3862
3826
3802
3641
3957
4182
4005
3723
3637
3231
3040
3188
3047
3175
3112
3215
3248
3242
3327
3367
3305
3391
3154
3217
3189
3453
3283
3356
3460
3468
3631
3610
3425
3551
3661
M-18D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-19 Model Year 1975 To 2005 Cars and Wagons Inertia Weight by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
4470
4376
4156
3761
3735
3354
3407
3333
3413
3321
3295
3149
3169
3136
3173
3245
3240
3298
3253
3271
3332
3300
3300
3357
3399
3431
3451
3420
3479
3434
3477
4054
4117
4211
3802
3542
3142
3040
3038
3096
3095
3109
3149
3179
3218
3259
3343
3243
3373
3258
3351
3335
3447
3393
3346
3383
3441
3465
3457
3582
3629
3625
4251
4151
4188
3745
3478
3077
2813
2960
2964
2919
2976
2958
2951
2988
3100
3185
3193
3225
3220
3357
3243
3324
3358
3277
3502
3444
3499
3506
3536
3651
3752
2718
2735
2628
2622
2701
2620
2557
2575
2663
2697
2708
2761
2831
2786
2836
2961
2921
3096
3142
3145
3177
3204
3232
3313
3304
3260
3242
3352
3200
3360
3244
2000
2021
2085
2126
2308
2330
2343
2354
2380
2380
2432
2565
2633
2770
2800
2884
2913
3015
2977
3055
2995
3046
3019
3173
3220
3195
3189
3218
3283
3271
3285
2606
2568
2555
2534
2494
2461
2530
2568
2516
2633
2738
2801
2882
2786
2836
3025
3081
3026
3097
3035
3143
3121
3122
3283
3341
3381
3305
3368
3430
3478
3546
2500
2500
2500
2580
2636
2628
2768
2786
2672
2805
2728
2800
2803
2888
2946
2965
3066
3114
3201
3223
2371
2343
2358
2410
2389
2385
2403
2478
2526
2630
2655
2653
2687
2657
2716
2893
2903
2955
3104
3086
3102
3140
3138
3209
3256
3255
3331
3400
3443
3485
3649
2775
2812
2730
2686
2781
2719
2862
2768
2924
2980
3180
2972
2938
3026
3202
3362
3430
3560
3637
3655
3745
3468
3552
3560
3596
3630
3683
3647
3576
3577
3560
4058
4059
3944
3588
3485
3101
3076
3054
3112
3099
3093
3041
3031
3047
3099
3176
3154
3240
3207
3250
3263
3282
3274
3306
3365
3369
3380
3391
3421
3454
3497
M-19D
-------
Table M-20
YEAR
GM
Appendix M
Model Year 1975 To 2005 Vans Inertia Weight by Marketing Group
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
4183
4225
4276
4313
4553
4338
4374
4447
4551
4523
4287
4240
4214
4210
4215
4265
4289
4304
4364
4316
4337
4419
4354
4291
4327
4323
4275
4307
4347
4605
4718
4135
4081
4110
4088
4665
4625
4509
4544
4516
4389
4464
4218
4247
4358
4250
4269
4234
4376
4266
4406
4179
4211
4398
4208
4578
4470
5155
4508
4519
4565
4425
4263
4326
4404
4387
4450
4137
4050
4031
4099
3678
3644
3674
3699
3791
3822
3873
3971
3940
3814
3968
3837
4155
4152
4141
4170
4157
4430
4374
4286
4372
4255
3500
3396
3274
3435
3285
3515
3552
4000
4000
4000
4025
4104
4065
4137
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4500
4500
3500
3500
3500
3500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
3500
3611
3738
3452
3382
3500
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4500
4500
3497
3500
3500
3500
3500
3619
3644
3668
3625
3627
3656
3764
3818
3868
4042
4020
4021
4157
4260
5000
5490
4897
5116
4850
5000 4638
5000 4564
5000
5000
4196
4200
4252
4250
4541
4353
4324
4342
3818 4414
2940 4075
4000 3975
5500 3998
3972
4053
4057
4095
4133
4151
4105
4156
4110
4195
4241
4183
4307
4276
4519
4394
4393
4520
4466
M-20D
-------
Table M-21
YEAR
GM
Appendix M
Model Year 1975 To 2005 SUVs Inertia Weight by Marketing Group
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
4867
4906
4692
4702
5152
4900
4948
5049
4317
4232
4142
3991
3913
3925
4135
4246
4005
4097
4343
4374
4499
4568
4731
4356
4398
4672
4742
4891
5007
5077
4896
3462
3627
3767
3941
3998
3877
3902
3903
3836
3706
3784
3784
3715
3921
4319
4404
4371
4360
4373
4371
4543
4522
4729
4751
4821
4812
4238
4409
4769
4666
4809
4635
4695
4784
4844
4659
4616
4505
4653
4500
4634
4564
4517
4034
3646
3651
3592
3603
3515
3766
3752
3731
3811
3836
4128
4315
4276
4323
4408
4290
4272
4479
4000
4082
4030
4078
4039
4001
4239
4342
4463
3939
3727
4029
3730
4018
4103
4276
4492
4515
4499
4484
4379
3735
3633
3861
4112
4174
4197
4215
4302
4371
4428
4000
4329
3689
3617
3605
3617
3809
3778
4020
4012
4073
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4304
4352
4204
4000
4399
4398
4338
4293
4306
4296
4234
4686
4782
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3734
3819
4152
4158
4123
4375
4443
2750
3000
3443
3556
3546
5000
4797
5000
5014
5513 4778
5500 4598
4202
4312
4232
4270
4509
4236
4208
4349
4137
3999
4018
3921
3840
3859
4018
4045
4070
4085
4157
4209
4255
4283
4329
4340
4400
4458
4378
4508
4611
4640
4649
M-21D
-------
Table M-22
Appendix M
Model Year 1975 To 2005 Pickups Inertia Weight by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
4073
4193
4214
4210
4417
4111
3963
3834
3919
3951
3918
3884
3748
4013
3976
4250
3845
4088
4189
4256
4270
4304
4597
4311
4763
4401
4592
4988
4699
5032
4882
4176
4218
4181
4213
4140
4013
3852
3881
3510
3585
3689
3633
3583
3712
3890
3904
3896
4107
4068
4042
4292
4065
4294
4243
4251
4285
4533
4497
4571
4656
5030
4337
4347
4344
4208
4018
3369
3541
3464
3269
3606
3689
3531
3535
3545
3603
3852
3871
3954
4054
4286
4466
4694
4765
4783
4795
4662
4905
5011
5108
4848
4960
2750
2819
2780
2866
2814
2865
2888
3013
3033
3036
3107
3129
3114
3181
3377
3396
3413
3366
3394
3382
3533
3508
4086
3432
3549
4110
4046
4140
4148
4199
4446
Nissan
2750
2750
2750
2786
2781
2830
2893
2894
3041
3156
3137
3229
3169
3239
3239
3167
3203
3229
3257
3333
3365
3355
3350
3604
3788
3918
3880
3944
3945
3903
5152
HK
VW
Others
All
2265
2318
2310
2516
4012
4122
4092
4104
4142
4436 3740
3679
3629
3544
2500 3619
3642
3574
3550 3526
4000 3737
4000 3803
3500 3928
4000 3779
3976
3996
4056
4182
4190
4415
4282
4487
4340
4552
4690
4642
4744
4905
M-22D
-------
Table M-23
Appendix M
Model Year 1975 To 2005 Trucks Inertia Weight by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
4159
4265
4266
4272
4523
4203
4073
4007
4109
4116
4051
3996
3915
4029
4066
4254
3971
4143
4271
4304
4365
4432
4601
4323
4563
4487
4623
4861
4813
5014
4873
4088
4125
4117
4147
4187
4072
3942
4006
3705
3717
3827
3774
3750
3882
4056
4058
4111
4234
4195
4188
4298
4251
4456
4431
4518
4521
4496
4455
4660
4652
4842
4307
4353
4399
4332
4221
3620
3752
3710
3529
3718
3721
3661
3658
3683
3725
3799
3858
3854
3832
3977
3942
4174
4210
4308
4376
4307
4543
4562
4521
4414
4520
2966
3037
3018
3066
2862
2880
2906
3042
3069
3133
3175
3248
3208
3303
3457
3675
3759
3685
3657
3686
3895
3618
3676
3713
3925
4117
4123
4168
4230
4322
4446
4000
3500
3969
3653
3605
3843
4036
4095
4092
4162
4146
4201
2750
2750
2750
2786
2781
2830
2893
2894
3041
3156
3137
3229
3338
3444
3352
3335
3383
3476
3603
3718
3741
3694
3841
3985
4112
4104
4157
4163
4164
4528
4831
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3734
4147
4378
4392
4331
3497
3500
3500
3500
3500
2770
2652
3002
3488
3627
3656
3764
3818
3868
4042
4020
4021
4157
4260
5000
5490
4897
5116
4850
4638
4564
5513
5500
4375
4442
3818
2647
4000
5433
3550
4000
4000
3254
3485
3556
3546
5000
4797
5000
5014
4778
4598
4072
4155
4135
4151
4252
3869
3806
3806
3763
3782
3795
3738
3713
3841
3921
4005
3948
4056
4073
4125
4184
4225
4344
4283
4412
4375
4463
4546
4586
4650
4688
M-23D
-------
Table M-24
YEAR
GM
Appendix M
Model Year 1975 To 2005 All Inertia Weight by Marketing Group
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
4408
4353
4176
3870
3895
3462
3498
3453
3547
3470
3466
3332
3346
3401
3451
3540
3485
3567
3605
3680
3739
3718
3818
3758
3902
3910
3992
4166
4227
4273
4225
4062
4119
4183
3906
3728
3379
3306
3288
3301
3302
3320
3391
3402
3435
3518
3595
3569
3725
3620
3725
3737
3821
3944
3933
3969
3988
4037
4033
4218
4232
4293
4261
4189
4225
3875
3656
3181
2939
3123
3097
3141
3210
3191
3200
3302
3393
3472
3470
3546
3551
3724
3592
3838
3853
3941
4063
3964
4108
4130
4124
4120
4195
2748
2773
2685
2694
2733
2672
2621
2677
2754
2845
2889
2959
2966
2942
3004
3132
3173
3242
3285
3317
3369
3322
3371
3455
3536
3623
3639
3732
3624
3720
3790
2000
2021
2085
2126
2308
2330
2343
2354
2380
2380
2432
2565
2633
2770
2800
2884
2913
3015
2977
3084
3016
3099
3096
3231
3345
3381
3427
3461
3626
3609
3632
2640
2610
2595
2580
2541
2531
2596
2637
2603
2748
2845
2981
2984
2955
2956
3109
3170
3132
3261
3249
3381
3280
3375
3510
3570
3701
3710
3680
3694
3931
4041
2500
2500
2500
2580
2636
2628
2768
2786
2672
2847
2783
2896
2917
2992
3034
3120
3366
3494
3590
3731
2374
2350
2366
2420
2433
2420
2437
2539
2617
2702
2724
2691
2742
2679
2749
2947
2949
2955
3261
3090
3126
3140
3161
3209
3269
3268
3343
3417
3455
3640
3811
2775
2812
2730
2686
2980
2861
2862
2768
2934
2963
3182
3000
2946
3027
3212
3345
3448
3559
3613
3655
3745
3468
3552
3560
3596
3667
3898
3858
3794
3863
3873
4060
4079
3982
3715
3655
3228
3202
3202
3257
3262
3271
3238
3221
3283
3351
3426
3410
3512
3519
3603
3613
3659
3727
3744
3835
3821
3879
3951
3999
4038
4089
M-24D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-25 Model Year 1975 To 2005 Cars UNADJUSTED TON MPG by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
34.0
36.5
37.1
36.2
36.2
36.9
39.8
40.9
40.5
40.9
42.3
42.8
43.3
44.3
43.7
44.4
44.1
44.1
44.6
45.1
45.6
46.4
46.4
46.4
46.7
47.4
48.4
48.5
49.5
49.8
50.3
30
34
35
36
34
35
36
37
38
40
41
42
42
43
44
44
44
45
45
45
46
45
46
45
46
46
46
47
48
47
48
.0
.9
.9
.0
.4
.2
. 1
.8
.6
.6
.4
.5
.5
.6
.1
.6
.6
.6
.6
.9
.7
.9
.0
.9
.3
.6
.6
.0
.1
.5
.9
32
34
34
36
36
35
38
41
41
40
41
41
40
42
43
43
43
43
44
44
45
45
46
46
47
47
47
47
48
49
49
.4
.1
.6
.0
.6
.8
.1
.0
.8
.6
.0
.5
.3
.0
.1
.6
.7
.9
.6
.5
.5
.6
.2
.6
.8
.3
.8
.6
.5
.4
. 7
29
34
38
35
32
36
40
39
43
44
44
44
46
45
45
45
44
44
45
45
47
47
48
50
50
49
51
52
52
53
54
.2
.4
.3
.9
.7
.2
.0
.5
.6
.7
.8
.8
.7
.5
.2
.1
.7
.6
.4
.6
.6
.2
.2
.3
.3
.9
.5
.1
.3
.7
.8
31.5
33.2
38.2
36.3
33.6
34.0
36.2
39.5
42.4
42.3
41.4
43.4
43.5
44.4
44.1
44.2
44.4
47.3
48.3
49.3
49.4
48.8
48.9
50.9
50.0
49.8
51.9
51.8
54.4
54.7
55.0
33.
34.
35.
34.
33.
38.
38.
40.
41.
42.
40.
42.
42.
42.
42.
43.
45.
45.
45.
45.
46.
47.
46.
49.
49.
47.
46.
49.
48.
50.
51.
4
8
4
6
7
7
9
0
6
5
8
2
4
9
9
0
0
7
3
5
1
4
4
6
5
3
8
1
2
1
8
43,
43,
43,
42,
43,
43,
43,
43,
43,
43,
43,
43,
43,
44,
44,
45,
46,
46,
47,
48,
.7
.2
.0
.9
.8
.2
.2
.4
.9
.6
.3
.4
.0
.1
.1
.5
.6
.9
.4
.0
31.
32.
34.
34.
35.
38.
43.
42.
39.
38.
40.
40.
39.
40.
41.
41.
43.
43.
41.
43.
44.
44.
45.
46.
46.
47.
47.
50.
50.
50.
52.
1
2
6
0
8
6
1
9
1
6
9
0
2
5
4
8
4
0
6
4
5
5
3
8
4
3
5
1
8
4
1
30.3
30.5
31.5
30.0
33.1
37.1
38.4
38.2
39.4
39.3
40.4
38.2
37.6
38.3
38.8
39.8
40.6
43.1
45.2
45.2
46.4
45.6
44.8
44.5
44.5
44.4
45.2
46.8
46.9
46.8
46.8
32.4
35.4
36.4
35. 9
35.4
36.5
38. 9
40. 1
40.5
41. 0
41. 9
42. 6
42.7
43.7
43.7
44.2
44.2
44. 8
45.3
45.7
46.3
46.5
46. 6
47.3
47.5
47.6
48.3
48.9
49. 8
50.4
51. 0
M-25D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-26 Model Year 1975 To 2005 Wagons UNADJUSTED TON MPG by Marketing Group
YEAR GM Ford DC Toyota Honda Nissan HK VW Others All
34.1 32.0 32.2
34.9 32.3 36.2
36.4 34.2 36.3
32.4 29.9 35.8
31.3 39.3 35.8
50.5 52.4 38.4
50.7 40.4 39.1
41.8 46.3 40.4
45.2 42.2 41.6
40.4 41.0 42.1
39.9 39.6 42.7
37.1 40.1 43.4
38.4 42.5 44.1
39.6 40.8 44.6
40.4 40.6 44.6
44.7 39.1 45.0
45.5 40.1 46.3
44.7 45.7 46.7
43.1 48.4 46.8
44.7 47.0 47.5
43.9 48.8 47.3
45.3 55.0 47.9
45.6 47.0 47.5
44.3 48.5 47.4
43.4 48.9 47.4 47.9
43.4 45.4 46.1 48.0
47.2 47.9 49.0
52.1 49.3 48.4
55.6 49.1 50.4
56.8 49.1 51.0
55.7 47.0 51.1
M-26D
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
33.
36.
38.
36.
36.
39.
42.
41.
41.
42.
43.
44.
44.
46.
46.
46.
46.
46.
46.
46.
46.
46.
46.
46.
47.
48.
52.
51.
51.
51.
50.
6
6
1
7
5
5
0
3
5
3
2
1
6
4
2
1
7
9
2
5
6
8
6
9
1
1
3
2
9
8
9
30
36
35
35
35
36
37
39
40
42
42
43
43
43
43
43
46
46
47
47
47
48
48
47
48
49
48
49
49
48
48
.6
.4
.1
.2
.2
.7
.4
.2
.2
.0
.4
.5
.7
.8
.5
.7
.3
.8
.2
.8
.2
.4
.2
.7
.6
.3
.9
.9
.5
.5
.7
33
36
35
36
36
37
37
40
40
40
41
42
42
43
43
42
42
42
45
46
47
54
53
53
47
44
45
49
50
.9
.2
.0
.6
.5
.5
.3
.5
.5
.0
.3
.0
.1
.0
.0
.9
.4
.5
.2
. 7
.8
.4
.4
.5
.5
.8
.0
.9
.8
30
33
37
34
32
35
37
37
43
43
44
42
47
46
45
45
45
44
46
47
49
49
52
51
53
.8
.4
.2
.9
.9
.9
.7
.5
.5
.8
.2
.2
.3
.1
.1
.0
.4
.5
.3
.2
.6
.3
.9
.3
.4
33.
36.
35.
33.
36.
38.
41.
41.
40.
40.
41.
41.
44.
44.
47.
46.
47.
48.
50.
50.
50.
47.
1
1
6
7
9
0
6
5
7
5
1
0
6
2
0
6
5
3
8
9
0
8
31.5
37.0
36.2
34. 6
34.3
39. 0
39.5
40. 6
42.7
43.4
39. 9
41. 6
41. 9
41. 8
44.7
45. 1
-------
Appendix M
Table M-27 Model Year 1975 To 2005 Cars and Wagons UNADJUSTED TON MPG by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
34.0
36.5
37.2
36.2
36.2
37.0
39.9
41.0
40.6
41.0
42.4
42.9
43.4
44.4
43.8
44.4
44.1
44.2
44.7
45.1
45.7
46.5
46.4
46.4
46.7
47.4
48.6
48.7
49.7
50.0
50.4
30
35
35
35
34
35
36
38
38
40
41
42
42
43
44
44
44
45
45
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
47
48
47
48
.1
.1
.8
.9
.5
.4
.4
.0
.8
.7
.5
.6
.7
.6
.0
.5
.7
.7
.8
.1
.7
.1
.2
.1
.4
.8
.8
.1
.2
.6
.9
32
34
34
36
36
35
38
41
41
40
41
41
40
42
43
43
43
43
44
44
45
45
46
46
47
47
47
47
48
49
50
.5
.5
. 7
.1
.5
.9
.0
.0
.6
.5
.1
.5
.4
.0
.1
.6
.6
.9
.6
.5
.5
.6
.2
.6
.9
.3
.8
.1
.1
.5
.0
30
34
38
35
32
36
39
39
43
44
44
44
46
45
45
45
44
44
45
45
47
47
48
50
50
49
51
52
52
53
54
.0
.3
.2
.8
.7
.2
.8
.3
.6
.6
.6
.7
.7
.6
.2
.1
.7
.6
.5
.6
.7
.3
.2
.3
.3
.9
.5
.1
.3
.4
.7
31.5
33.2
37.9
36.3
33.6
34.2
36.3
39.7
42.3
42.2
41.4
43.3
43.4
44.4
44.1
44.2
44.5
47.3
48.3
49.3
49.5
48.8
48.8
50.9
50.0
49.8
51.9
51.8
54.4
54.7
55.0
33.
35.
35.
34.
33.
38.
38.
40.
41.
42.
40.
42.
42.
42.
42.
43.
45.
45.
45.
45.
46.
47.
46.
49.
49.
47.
46.
49.
48.
50.
51.
3
1
5
6
8
7
9
1
7
6
7
1
4
8
9
0
0
7
3
5
1
4
4
6
5
3
8
1
2
1
8
43,
43,
43,
42,
43,
43,
43,
43,
43,
43,
43,
43,
43,
44,
44,
45,
46,
46,
47,
48,
.7
.2
.0
.9
.8
.2
.2
.4
.9
.6
.4
.5
.0
.1
.1
.5
.6
.9
.4
.0
31.
32.
34.
33.
35.
39.
43.
42.
39.
38.
40.
39.
39.
40.
41.
41.
43.
43.
41.
43.
44.
44.
45.
46.
46.
47.
47.
50.
51.
51.
52.
5
3
7
9
8
2
4
9
2
6
9
9
2
4
4
9
5
0
7
5
5
9
4
8
5
1
4
3
4
1
6
30.4
30.7
31.7
30.0
33.4
37.1
38.6
38.3
39.5
39.4
40.3
38.3
37.7
38.3
38.8
39.8
40.6
43.2
45.2
45.3
46.4
45.6
44.8
44.5
44.6
44.5
45.3
46.8
47.0
46.9
46.8
32.3
35.5
36.4
35. 9
35.4
36. 6
38. 9
40. 1
40.7
41. 1
42. 0
42. 6
42. 8
43.7
43. 8
44.2
44.3
44. 9
45.4
45.7
46.4
46.5
46.7
47.3
47.5
47.6
48.4
48.9
49. 9
50.5
51. 0
M-27D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-28 Model Year 1975 To 2005 Vans UNADJUSTED TON MPG by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
30.9
30.6
32.4
31.1
33.9
36.4
39.5
39.8
43.4
41.3
40.5
41.4
42.0
42.8
42.9
44.3
44.9
45.1
45.3
45.5
44.9
47.5
47.7
47.6
47.7
48.0
49.3
48.6
50.5
50.9
51.7
26
28
32
31
28
37
38
37
37
36
36
41
42
42
42
41
42
43
44
44
45
45
45
46
48
48
47
49
50
49
52
.4
.0
.2
.2
.6
.9
.3
. 1
. 1
.8
.4
.8
.0
.5
.8
.8
.3
.6
.6
.2
.3
.2
.5
.8
.1
.8
.8
.8
.7
.2
.0
27.
30.
30.
29.
31.
34.
35.
35.
37.
38.
38.
40.
41.
43.
43.
44.
45.
45.
45.
44.
44.
47.
47.
48.
48.
48.
52.
52.
52.
53.
52.
,4
,8
,5
,7
,0
,6
,6
,9
,3
,4
,9
,8
,7
,8
,7
,8
,6
,4
,3
,8
,5
,6
,3
,4
,0
,9
,0
,4
,6
,5
,5
35.9
45.9
43.6
45.2
41.8
45.4
45.9
45.7
44.6
43.8
44.3
46.3
45.5
46.0
48.4
48.2
48.2
49.5
49.5
49.5
57.7
56.2
44.
49.
43.
47.
54.
53.
54.
54.
54.
54.
57.
7
8
6
2
2
8
0
5
5
5
9
39.
40.
41.
43.
44.
44.
43.
45.
46.
45.
45.
45.
46.
45.
45.
45.
55.
55.
, 1
,3
,4
, 9
, 0
, 8
,5
,4
, 0
, 8
,2
,4
, 1
,7
, 1
, 1
,3
, 9
36.
34.
38.
35.
32.
34.
33.
42.
35.
37.
39.
36.
36.
38.
42.
41.
42.
43.
42.
48.
50.
46.
48.
50.
50.0 48.
50.0 47.
52.9
53.3
,2
,9
,9
,0
,9
,4
,8
,1
,3 40
,5 42
,0 43
,2 57
,2
,6
,2
,9
,1
, 7
,8
,9
,8
, 7
,5
,0
,3
,6
28. 1
29.7
31.7
30. 8
31.3
36.4
38. 0
38. 0
.5 39.7
.2 39.3
.1 39.3
.1 41.5
41.7
43.2
43.2
43. 8
44.5
44. 8
45. 0
44. 9
45. 0
46. 8
46. 9
47.7
48. 1
48.9
50.3
50.9
51.7
52.5
53.3
M-28D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-29 Model Year 1975 To 2005 SUVs UNADJUSTED TON MPG by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
29.0
32.2
34.7
33.2
29.2
36.2
40.4
50.1
45.2
43.7
43.2
41.0
41.1
41.8
42.9
42.6
42.4
41.2
44.0
44.4
44.9
46.3
46.9
46.0
45.5
47.1
47.6
49.3
49.9
50.7
51.1
24
27
29
29
27
30
33
33
33
35
36
38
38
39
41
41
43
43
44
43
44
44
44
44
44
45
45
44
46
46
48
.8
.0
.5
. 1
.4
.8
.6
.3
.3
.6
.8
. 1
.5
.4
.7
.3
.9
.7
.1
.8
.2
.3
.2
.4
.9
.1
.1
.2
.3
.7
.0
30,
32,
33,
32,
29,
31,
33,
35,
35,
31,
34,
35,
36,
35,
35,
35,
35,
35,
36,
36,
35,
36,
38,
40,
41,
41,
42,
43,
45,
44,
45,
.4
.1
. 7
.7
.3
.8
.9
.2
.1
.8
.4
.6
.4
.4
.4
.8
.3
.0
.8
.1
.9
.9
.6
.0
.8
.8
.4
.1
.0
.2
.9
24.
22.
28.
26.
27.
27.
30.
30.
31.
35.
41.
47.
43.
41.
41.
41.
41.
38.
39.
39.
40.
42.
41.
44.
46.
46.
47.
47.
48.
50.
51.
0
3
3
4
8
6
3
9
6
1
2
8
4
4
1
8
8
7
1
0
8
5
7
4
6
6
3
6
1
3
0
40.4
42.1
45.8
46.1
46.5
47.1
48.1
49.6
50.2
49.7
49.7
37.
37.
37.
39.
39.
39.
41.
40.
40.
39.
43.
42.
42.
42.
42.
42.
46.
48.
50.
,4
, 1
, 9
, 0
, 0
,2
, 8
,4
, 0
,7
, 1
, 9
,4
,0
,7
,7
,5
,0
,7
42,
41,
41,
42,
42,
41,
44,
46,
47,
46,
48,
.7
.0
.6
.7
.7
.1
.8
.0
.4
.2 53.3
.5 54.0
29.
39.
35.
41.
36.
34.
34.
43.
46.
50.
50.
48.
47.
2
9
1
0
8
2
1
6
1
4
2
9
8
27. 1
29.6
31. 8
30. 6
28.3
32. 9
35.4
39.2
40. 1
39. 1
40.3
39. 9
39.7
39.5
40.3
40. 0
41.4
40. 6
41.3
41. 6
41.7
42. 9
43.5
43.7
44.3
44.7
45. 6
46.4
48. 0
48.4
49.4
M-29D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-30 Model Year 1975 To 2005 Pickups UNADJUSTED TON MPG by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
29.
31.
32.
32.
35.
38.
40.
42.
42.
41.
40.
40.
40.
41.
41.
41.
41.
41.
42.
42.
43.
46.
47.
45.
47.
45.
46.
47.
47.
49.
50.
6
1
5
0
0
7
3
2
2
2
4
7
2
2
0
0
2
6
2
9
6
2
2
9
1
9
7
5
3
9
4
27
30
34
34
31
37
38
37
37
38
38
39
40
40
41
41
42
43
43
44
44
44
45
44
43
44
45
45
46
47
49
.0
.2
.6
.6
.6
.0
.3
.5
.9
.5
.2
.9
.0
.4
.2
.8
.1
.2
.6
.1
.3
.0
.7
.6
.6
.1
.0
.2
.0
.1
.2
28
30
31
30
31
34
35
37
40
36
36
37
38
38
37
38
38
38
39
40
40
40
42
43
42
43
42
44
46
45
46
.3
.7
.5
.8
.2
.4
.9
.6
.2
.6
.5
.1
.8
.8
.5
.5
.2
.9
.0
.9
.5
.8
.2
.1
.5
.0
.6
.9
.5
.6
. 7
29
31
37
35
27
30
38
39
38
38
42
41
41
40
40
39
40
40
40
41
41
41
41
40
41
42
42
43
43
43
48
.3
.1
.8
.3
.5
.9
.7
.0
.8
.3
.2
.6
.6
.1
.0
.6
.8
.3
.8
.4
.2
.3
.7
.8
.2
.5
.9
.3
.6
.9
.1
Nissan
32.5
33.8
34.4
35.7
32.4
35. 8
40. 9
40. 9
42. 0
41.7
40.
39.
39.
40.
40.
43. 1
43. 1
43.3
43.2
42.7
42. 0
42.2
41.7
46. 1
44.3
43.1
43.5
43.6
44.3
44.0
48.4
HK
VW
Others
All
37.6
43.6
46.2
42.6
28.
30.
33.
33.
32.
43.3 36.
39.
40.
40.
31.1 39.
39.
40.
40.5 40.
41.7 40.
34.8 40.
38.2 41.
35.7 41.
41.
42.
43.
43.
43.
45.
44.
44.
44.
44.
45.
46.
47.
49.
8
9
4
1
9
7
3
1
0
4
6
1
1
5
5
1
4
8
4
0
1
9
3
6
7
4
7
6
3
4
1
M-30D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-31 Model Year 1975 To 2005 Trucks UNADJUSTED TON MPG by Marketing Group
YEAR GM Ford DC Toyota Honda Nissan HK VW Others All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
29.8
31.1
32.7
31.9
34.1
38.2
40.2
42.4
42.9
41.8
41.2
40.9
40.9
41.7
41.9
42.3
42.2
42.3
43.4
43.9
44.3
46.4
47.2
46.3
46.7
46.7
47.5
48.6
49.0
50.5
50.9
26
29
33
33
30
36
37
36
37
37
37
39
40
40
41
41
42
43
44
44
44
44
45
45
44
45
45
45
46
47
49
.6
.4
.5
. 1
.5
. 1
.7
.8
.2
.6
.6
.9
.1
.7
.8
.7
.7
.4
.0
.0
.7
.4
.2
.0
.8
.4
.4
.2
.7
.1
.2
27.
30.
31.
30.
31.
34.
35.
36.
39.
37.
37.
39.
40.
40.
40.
41.
41.
41.
41.
41.
40.
42.
43.
43.
44.
44.
45.
46.
47.
46.
48.
,8
,8
,1
,4
,1
,4
,7
,9
,3
,2
,8
,2
,2
,3
,0
,4
,5
,9
,2
,3
,0
, 7
,0
,6
,0
,4
,1
,1
, 7
,9
,4
28.
29.
36.
33.
27.
30.
38.
38.
38.
39.
42.
42.
41.
40.
40.
40.
42.
40.
40.
40.
41.
41.
41.
43.
45.
45.
46.
46.
46.
48.
51.
5
6
0
8
5
9
6
8
7
4
4
6
8
5
4
3
3
7
9
9
4
9
7
6
1
3
0
3
6
6
0
40.4
44.7
45.5
45.4
46.2
48.6
50.3
50.6
51.7
51.5
51.0
52.2
32.
33.
34.
35.
32.
35.
40.
40.
42.
41.
40.
39.
39.
39.
39.
42.
42.
42.
42.
42.
42.
42.
42.
44.
43.
42.
43.
43.
46.
48.
51.
,5
,8
,4
,7
,4
, 8
, 9
, 9
, 0
,7
,3
, 9
,4
,4
, 8
,5
,2
, 0
, 9
, 8
,2
,4
, 8
, 6
, 8
,9
, 1
, 1
, 0
,2
, 1
42,
41,
41,
42,
42,
41,
44,
47,
48,
48,
49,
.7
.0
.6
.7
.7
.1
.8
.1
.1
.1
.6
36.
34.
38.
35.
32.
36.
41.
44.
36.
37.
39.
36.
36.
38.
42.
41.
42.
43.
42.
48.
50.
46.
48.
50.
48.
47.
53.
54.
,2
,9
,9
,0
,9
,4
,2
,1
,2
,5
,0
,2
,2
,6
,2
,9
,1
, 7
,8
,9
,8
, 7
,5
,0
,3
,6
,3
,0
29.
40.
40.
34.
43.
56.
40.
41.
34.
39.
36.
34.
34.
43.
46.
50.
50.
48.
47.
2
3
5
8
1
6
5
7
8
6
7
2
1
6
1
4
2
9
8
28.4
30.5
33. 0
32.4
32. 1
36.3
38. 8
39.7
39. 9
39.3
39. 6
40.4
40.5
40. 9
41.2
41. 8
42.2
42.4
42. 9
43. 0
43.2
44.3
44. 9
44. 9
45.3
45.6
46. 1
46.9
48. 0
48.7
50. 1
M-31D
-------
Table M-32
Appendix M
Model Year 1975 To 2005 All UNADJUSTED TON MPG by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
33.
35.
36.
35.
35.
37.
40.
41.
41.
41.
42.
42.
42.
43.
43.
43.
43.
43.
44.
44.
45.
46.
46.
46.
46.
47.
48.
48.
49.
50.
50.
2
4
4
3
8
2
0
2
1
2
1
5
8
6
2
8
5
6
2
6
1
4
7
3
7
1
1
7
3
3
7
29
33
35
35
33
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
41
42
43
43
44
44
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
46
46
46
47
47
49
.2
.6
.1
. 1
.3
.5
.8
.7
.3
.7
.3
.5
.6
.7
.3
.5
.0
.8
.1
.2
.9
.3
.7
.5
.6
.1
.0
.0
.3
.3
.0
31
33
34
34
35
35
37
40
41
39
40
40
40
41
41
42
42
42
42
42
42
43
44
44
45
45
46
46
47
47
49
. 7
.8
.1
.8
.2
.6
.7
.1
.1
.6
.0
.7
.3
.3
.6
.6
.7
.9
.8
.6
.8
.8
.3
. 7
.3
.5
.2
.6
.9
.9
.1
29
33
37
35
31
35
39
39
42
42
43
43
45
44
43
44
44
43
44
44
46
45
46
47
48
48
49
49
50
51
53
.8
.7
.9
.4
.7
.1
.6
.2
.5
.8
.8
.8
.0
.0
.9
.0
.0
.6
.2
.1
.0
.7
.2
.9
.4
.0
.0
.4
.0
.6
.0
31.5
33.2
37.9
36.3
33.6
34.2
36.3
39.7
42.3
42.2
41.4
43.3
43.4
44.4
44.1
44.2
44.5
47.3
48.3
49.0
49.3
48.6
48.4
50.3
49.7
49.9
51.5
51.8
53.3
53.3
53.9
33.
34.
35.
34.
33.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
40.
41.
41.
41.
42.
42.
44.
44.
44.
44.
44.
46.
45.
48.
47.
45.
45.
46.
47.
49.
51.
1
8
3
8
6
2
3
2
8
4
6
1
7
9
2
9
2
8
5
7
6
0
2
0
8
4
1
7
4
2
5
43,
43,
43,
42,
43,
43,
43,
43,
43,
43,
43,
43,
43,
43,
43,
45,
46,
47,
47,
48,
.7
.2
.0
.9
.8
.2
.2
.4
.9
.6
.2
.2
.0
.8
.6
.4
.7
.3
.6
.8
31.
32.
34.
33.
35.
38.
43.
43.
38.
38.
40.
39.
39.
40.
41.
41.
43.
43.
42.
43.
44.
44.
45.
46.
46.
47.
47.
50.
51.
51.
52.
5
4
7
9
7
9
1
0
9
5
7
8
0
4
4
9
4
0
0
5
6
9
4
8
5
2
5
2
3
3
7
30.
30.
31.
30.
32.
37.
38.
38.
39.
39.
40.
38.
37.
38.
38.
39.
39.
41.
42.
45.
46.
45.
44.
44.
44.
44.
45.
47.
47.
47.
47.
4
7
7
0
8
4
6
3
5
2
4
5
7
3
7
8
3
3
3
3
4
6
8
5
6
5
4
4
5
4
1
31. 6
34.4
35.7
35. 1
34.7
36. 6
38. 9
40. 0
40.5
40.7
41.4
42. 0
42. 1
42. 9
43. 0
43.5
43. 6
44. 1
44.5
44. 6
45.2
45. 6
45. 9
46.3
46.5
46.7
47.3
47.9
49. 0
49.6
50.5
M-32D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-33 Model Year 1975 To 2005 Cars Engine Size (CID) by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
341
327
311
286
281
220
222
207
219
208
205
187
188
177
184
181
185
190
186
184
189
184
182
190
187
188
189
192
191
189
190
291
290
307
270
239
197
185
175
188
184
185
181
179
183
180
185
175
192
181
191
185
188
187
177
179
184
185
179
191
196
190
302
294
300
250
220
173
150
162
160
154
158
155
157
155
153
154
157
160
165
172
155
156
157
147
162
160
167
165
172
175
187
129
116
108
112
113
115
114
118
124
118
122
116
115
111
115
122
121
129
132
131
135
134
137
143
142
141
141
154
143
158
143
83
83
88
90
98
100
100
101
102
105
105
108
110
115
113
120
123
125
119
121
117
124
122
128
135
134
134
136
141
138
140
117
112
111
110
112
106
114
118
118
125
128
129
125
117
124
144
143
137
138
135
148
145
146
146
148
158
150
165
177
170
171
90
90
90
99
103
102
101
105
98
109
104
109
109
115
116
118
122
126
136
137
96
100
99
98
98
100
106
109
118
119
114
115
114
112
112
117
115
121
140
130
133
133
132
131
131
131
131
127
127
133
137
111
119
117
115
123
117
125
122
129
140
161
149
144
144
158
167
163
154
164
166
171
169
183
184
179
181
186
178
172
172
173
293
288
281
252
239
188
184
175
185
180
179
168
162
160
162
163
163
170
167
168
168
166
164
165
166
166
165
166
168
171
172
M-33D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-34 Model Year 1975 To 2005 Wagons Engine Size (CID) by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
313
324
307
278
272
240
230
219
207
182
182
178
180
181
189
172
184
190
172
178
161
161
138
136
139
146
155
151
133
139
139
282
293
292
256
223
195
150
166
169
179
176
169
167
172
181
182
160
170
144
146
141
155
147
148
159
148
146
146
145
153
158
301
280
282
270
260
233
157
145
145
141
142
145
148
141
114
141
181
181
150
159
165
195
195
195
149
150
149
177
195
113
114
109
114
107
114
116
115
97
95
98
98
116
113
115
115
111
122
130
130
131
131
110
105
105
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
93
92
92
119
132
132
132
132
132
132
119
109
110
115
96
98
105
105
107
106
123
120
128
122
98
98
110
109
110
121
121
VW
89
97
96
97
97
90
97
105
108
125
121
136
124
111
116
118
123
129
170
169
166
156
168
150
131
154
150
138
135
134
133
Others
107
98
103
109
129
141
110
129
112
128
125
128
124
132
132
117
131
150
152
170
154
189
169
159
160
158
152
152
All
256
276
266
243
234
189
165
178
161
166
158
162
162
163
171
165
158
171
150
154
147
155
142
143
148
147
150
149
135
145
161
M-34D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-35 Model Year 1975 To 2005 Cars and Wagons Engine Size (CID) by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
339
327
311
285
280
221
222
208
218
205
203
186
187
177
184
180
185
190
185
184
188
183
180
188
185
186
187
190
186
185
186
290
291
305
269
238
196
179
174
186
183
184
179
178
182
180
185
173
190
176
186
180
186
184
175
178
182
183
177
189
193
187
302
291
296
253
224
177
151
160
159
153
157
154
157
155
153
154
157
160
165
172
155
156
157
147
162
160
164
163
169
175
189
121
115
108
113
113
115
114
118
115
116
116
115
115
111
115
122
120
129
132
131
135
134
137
143
142
141
141
154
140
152
140
83
84
88
90
97
100
100
100
101
104
104
107
109
115
112
119
122
125
119
121
117
124
122
128
135
134
134
136
141
138
140
117
112
111
111
109
105
113
117
116
123
128
128
125
118
124
144
143
137
138
135
148
145
146
146
148
158
150
165
177
170
171
90
90
90
99
103
102
101
105
98
109
104
109
109
115
117
118
122
126
136
137
95
100
99
98
98
99
106
109
118
119
115
115
114
112
112
117
115
121
142
131
134
134
133
132
131
132
133
128
128
133
136
110
117
116
114
123
117
124
122
128
139
159
149
144
144
158
167
162
154
164
166
171
169
183
184
180
180
186
178
172
172
173
288
287
279
251
238
188
182
175
182
179
177
167
162
160
163
163
163
170
166
168
167
165
164
164
166
165
165
166
166
168
171
M-35D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-36 Model Year 1975 To 2005 Vans Engine Size (CID) by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
306
321
325
328
319
297
285
291
306
301
286
279
284
286
290
258
262
266
269
265
269
257
248
240
243
241
234
235
228
249
243
334
336
343
335
336
314
310
314
313
313
311
242
236
240
225
230
226
230
218
232
237
233
227
226
238
225
276
232
232
246
223
313
314
327
327
321
278
271
276
270
201
188
186
192
188
187
200
199
195
193
208
201
208
208
203
208
204
213
210
213
211
211
133
122
122
137
137
137
137
149
149
148
149
149
149
149
183
183
183
183
183
183
202
202
132
132
132
138
212
212
212
212
212
212
212
146
146
146
146
146
146
181
181
181
181
181
181
200
200
200
200
213
213
213
213
213
213
VW
109
120
120
120
120
120
120
111
119
117
117
129
129
129
129
129
129
150
150
150
170
170
170
170
170
170
Others
219
151
249
149
All
318
324
332
329
322
288
284
287
294
249
236
228
226
229
225
225
220
222
218
226
231
220
220
217
223
217
229
218
219
226
219
M-36D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-37 Model Year 1975 To 2005 SUVs Engine Size (CID) by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
350
359
357
355
369
325
311
315
233
223
212
202
197
211
250
245
239
237
254
241
255
265
278
250
253
262
259
264
266
274
260
305
312
313
331
305
282
281
280
282
221
211
212
229
217
235
250
237
238
240
239
254
260
277
278
277
277
230
241
253
246
249
357
362
363
366
325
329
321
318
291
322
312
296
227
248
243
239
230
228
248
249
238
255
238
256
262
255
251
244
236
248
251
257
258
258
258
258
258
258
258
258
194
170
151
157
175
180
178
190
179
195
196
187
185
178
180
188
193
190
194
212
219
222
300
255
190
191
137
136
135
131
149
163
175
175
180
175
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
200
200
200
200
199
207
204
210
258
246
96
97
145
164
161
122
122
122
122
122
122
139
146
182
194
177
215
223
268
212
203
207
215
198
All
328
335
332
339
331
295
290
294
254
227
216
207
209
219
242
232
230
229
242
238
241
252
246
246
246
245
229
236
238
245
239
M-37D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-38 Model Year 1975 To 2005 Pickups Engine Size (CID) by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
321
329
325
317
296
264
254
242
243
242
240
237
231
270
275
302
257
276
281
287
278
273
289
267
293
272
279
302
275
297
284
323
330
333
326
317
284
275
279
222
225
251
222
208
222
232
235
234
243
242
234
260
230
246
241
243
245
265
260
260
250
273
336
333
340
322
269
199
213
212
180
218
236
216
213
213
224
239
245
247
257
277
291
305
309
299
307
292
306
290
294
283
292
133
133
134
134
134
134
143
143
144
144
144
144
144
147
154
156
154
154
155
152
171
174
203
170
175
219
210
218
219
217
244
Nissan
119
119
119
119
119
119
133
133
141
145
146
151
151
151
152
149
149
150
150
152
153
146
146
146
166
177
178
179
182
180
318
HK
VW
Others
94
99
99
103
228
59
161
275
318
151
262
All
306
316
313
306
287
236
237
228
212
215
221
206
202
229
236
247
232
245
244
248
257
251
264
252
267
255
269
271
264
266
279
M-38D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-39 Model Year 1975 To 2005 Trucks Engine Size (CID) by Marketing Group
YEAR
GM
Ford
DC
Toyota Honda
Nissan
HK
VW
Others
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
321
331
328
322
308
273
262
254
253
247
241
238
234
258
271
277
253
264
271
269
268
268
277
256
271
263
263
273
264
278
266
324
329
333
329
318
288
280
285
244
235
250
224
219
225
230
235
233
239
234
235
250
241
254
252
255
253
252
247
254
248
255
321
325
335
327
292
225
237
238
208
216
214
202
203
209
211
217
216
212
223
236
237
245
246
250
255
245
259
247
245
246
248
153
155
158
154
139
136
144
145
147
143
143
144
145
150
156
163
159
157
161
163
175
178
180
177
183
201
196
201
213
217
225
190
132
166
136
136
155
170
175
184
186
185
189
119
119
119
119
119
119
133
133
141
145
146
151
154
158
156
154
156
160
161
165
167
170
172
173
191
191
198
196
204
239
260
122
122
122
122
122
122
139
165
190
200
185
109
120
120
120
120
104
104
105
117
117
117
129
129
129
129
129
129
150
150
150
170
170
170
170
170
170
215
223
300
252
219
90
249
148
161
275
318
124
154
164
161
268
212
203
207
215
198
311
319
318
314
298
248
247
243
231
224
224
211
210
227
234
237
228
234
235
239
244
243
248
242
249
242
243
244
243
248
247
M-39D
-------
Appendix M
Table M-40 Model Year 1975 To 2005 All Engine Size (CID) by Marketing Group
YEAR GM Ford DC Toyota Honda Nissan HK VW Others All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
335
328
314
293
286
228
228
216
224
213
212
197
198
201
211
209
208
214
215
217
220
214
219
216
222
221
222
233
230
235
229
298
301
313
287
261
220
209
203
205
201
203
196
194
196
196
202
196
210
199
208
210
211
220
217
217
218
221
218
227
225
224
305
298
303
270
240
186
162
177
170
170
175
170
173
179
180
184
182
186
196
210
196
210
208
213
222
211
220
213
215
219
223
125
120
115
119
118
119
119
124
122
125
126
127
125
123
126
132
132
136
140
141
146
147
150
155
157
166
165
176
170
176
179
83
84
88
90
97
100
100
100
101
104
104
107
109
115
112
119
122
125
119
123
118
126
124
129
139
142
145
149
159
156
158
118
114
112
112
111
107
116
120
120
128
133
137
131
128
132
147
147
142
146
144
156
152
155
155
161
172
173
177
187
200
205
90
90
90
99
103
102
101
105
98
110
106
111
111
116
117
122
134
146
156
159
95
100
99
98
99
100
106
109
118
119
115
116
115
113
112
117
115
121
143
131
134
134
134
132
131
133
133
129
129
140
144
110
117
116
114
146
128
124
122
129
136
160
149
144
144
160
161
159
156
163
166
171
169
183
184
180
183
191
182
177
182
181
293
294
287
266
252
198
193
188
193
190
189
180
175
180
185
185
184
191
191
197
196
197
199
199
203
200
201
203
204
207
209
M-40D
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA420-R-05-001
July 2005
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2005
Appendix N: Fuel Economy and Ton-MPG by
Marketing Group, Vehicle Type, and Size
Robert M. Heavenrich D
Advanced Technology DivisionD
Office of Transportation and Air Quality D
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency D
NOTICED
This Technical Report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. D
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. D
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate an exchange q/D
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments. D
-------
Table N-l
Appendix N
Laboratory Fuel Economy Values by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Size for GM
YEAR D Small
Cars
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
16
18
18
20
20
24
26
27
27
28
29
29
30
30
29
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
31
30
29
29
30
30
30
30
31
.8
.5
.9
.3
.9
.2
.1
.0
.6
.0
.2
.8
.1
.5
.9
.3
.2
.0
.4
.1
.2
.9
.0
.7
. 6
.9
.4
.5
.4
.6
.3
Midsize Large
Cars
15
16
17
20
20
21
23
24
23
24
25
26
26
27
27
26
26
25
25
25
25
26
26
26
26
26
27
27
27
28
27
.3
.8
.5
.0
.0
.9
.1
.5
.8
.0
.0
.1
. 6
.2
.3
.6
.0
.2
.7
.7
.6
.3
.2
.2
. 1
.5
.0
.5
.6
.8
.8
Cars
13
14
17
17
17
19
21
21
20
20
22
24
24
25
24
24
23
23
24
24
24
24
25
24
24
25
26
26
27
27
27
.3
.3
. 1
.5
.5
.2
.0
.0
.3
.7
.9
.6
.5
.1
. 6
.1
.8
.7
.2
.4
.7
.6
.3
.9
.9
.8
.3
. 6
.0
. 6
.0
Small
Wagons
23
24
27
26
27
26
29
29
29
30
30
29
29
30
30
27
28
28
29
29
31
31
31
32
32
31
32
28
33
33
32
.3
.0
.3
.2
.0
.7
.7
.6
.6
.3
.2
.8
.3
.0
.5
.9
.2
. 6
.1
.2
.9
.8
.9
.7
.1
.7
.2
.2
.4
.0
. 1
Midsize Larg
Wagons Wago:
13
14
15
19
19
20
21
22
22
23
24
25
25
27
27
26
26
26
26
26
27
26
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
.9
.8
.4
.1
.2
.8
.9
.4
.2
.7
.8
.7
.7
.8
.4
.7
.1
.1
.4
.2
.5
.9
.3
.4
.2
.6
.6
.4
.4
.8
.4
12.2
13.6
17.0
16.4
16.0
19.4
20.4
19.0
19.5
19.9
21.0
22.0
22.3
22.9
22.4
22.8
22 .8
22 .7
22 .5
22 .9
22. 8
23.2
Small
Midsize Large
Vans Vans
14.4
14.0 13.9
15.0
14.1
14.7
16.7
18
17
18
18
18
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
20
22
22
22
23
23
24
23
24
23
22
.0
.9
.9
.2
.8
.4
.8
.2
.3
.7
.8
.9
.7
.0
.7
.2
.5
.9
.0
.1
.2
.4
.0
.8
.9
14
14
13
14
14
17
17
18
18
18
18
17
18
17
18
19
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
.3
.7
.9
.1
.7
.0
.3
.0
.1
.3
.1
.9
.1
.5
.3
.0
.2
.1
.0
.1
.2
.3
.3
.3
Small
SUVs
25.7
25.2
25
25
24
28
28
33
33
33
29
28
28
27
28
26
28
28
27
24
25
26
25
25
26
25
27
.2
.0
.9
.8
.8
.1
.1
.3
.6
.5
.3
.9
.0
.5
.5
.1
.9
.4
.7
.0
.6
.4
.5
.9
. 6
Midsize Large
SUVs SUVs
11.8 12.2
13.1 12.7
14.9 13.6
14.2 13.2
11.8 11.0
14.9 14.0
16.
19.
21.
21.
21.
20.
20.
20.
21.
20.
21.
20.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
20.
21.
21.
21.
24.
23.
24.
8
5
7
5
6
5
6
9
1
0
1
4
6
0
0
3
1
4
9
0
2
7
3
7
8
15
18
17
16
16
16
17
16
16
16
16
15
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
19
18
19
20
.3
.9
.6
.9
.9
.8
.0
.6
.7
.7
.6
.8
.4
.5
.6
.4
. 6
.5
.9
.6
.0
.3
.8
.3
.2
Small Midsize
Pickups Pickups
22.3
25.0
25.0
26.5
25.5
26.4
29.1
32.8 26
33.2 25
32.1 24
31.1 24
29.3 24
29.8 25
25
25
24
25
24
24
25
25
26
25
25
24
24
22
20
26.3 23
26.6 22
26.6 24
.2
.3
.2
.9
.6
.2
.9
.1
.9
.0
.3
.2
.0
.7
.1
.2
.9
.8
.2
.5
.9
.4
.2
.5
Large
Picku*
14 .0
14 .3
14.8
14.3
14. 6
17.4
18.9
19.5
19.0
18.5
17.8
18 .2
18 .0
18 .2
18 .3
18.1
18.5
18. 6
18.8
18.5
18.0
19.2
19.0
18.9
18.7
19.7
19.8
18 .8
19.0
19.5
20.1
N-1D
-------
Table N-2
Appendix N
Laboratory Fuel Economy Values by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Size for Ford
YEAR D Small
Cars
1975 16.8
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
18
18
22
22
23
26
28
27
28
29
28
28
29
29
28
29
29
30
30
30
29
31
30
30
29
29
29
28
28
28
.9
.8
.9
.1
.5
.6
.0
.1
.4
.1
.5
.5
.0
.2
.8
.5
.4
.3
.1
.6
. 6
.3
.0
.2
.8
.8
.0
.9
.3
.8
Midsize Large
Cars Cars
11.7 12.1
14.7
15.5
17.7
17.8
22.1
21.6
21.3
22.4
23.1
23.4
25.4
25.5
26.4
26.4
26.4
26.5
26.3
26.3
25.9
26.1
25.8
25.6
26.3
26.5
25.2
25.3
25.6
26.3
26.3
26.4
14.2
13.9
15.3
16.9
18.9
18.8
19.7
19.8
19.9
20.7
22 .0
21.8
22. 6
22.9
22.8
23.2
24.2
24.0
23.6
23.2
23.1
23.1
23.0
23.3
25.0
24.7
25.5
25.2
23.9
25.1
Small
Wagons
20.2
21
21
21
23
25
29
30
30
32
33
31
32
32
32
33
34
35
34
35
34
32
33
33
34
28
30
28
28
28
28
.8
.2
.2
.3
.1
.2
.4
.3
.8
.2
.6
.3
.9
.3
.0
.2
.1
. 6
.8
.3
.5
.7
.0
.4
.0
.0
.7
.8
.9
.2
Midsize Large Small Midsize Large
Wagons Wagons Vans Vans Vans
12.3 11.4 12.6
15.4
15.8
19.5
20.0
22.7
21.2
22.0
24.1
24.7
24.6
25.4
25.0
24.9
24 .8
24.8
26.0
26.4
26.4
26.1
26.2
25.4
25.2
24.9
25.5
27.6
26.8
27.8
27.8
27.3
27.4
13
13
15
16
18
18
19
19
19
20
22
21
22
22
22
23
.6
.9
.0
.5
.4
.5
.9
.8
.9
.7
.0
.8
.6
.8
.5
.5
19
22
22
22
22
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
22
22
22
22
23
22
24
.3
.3
.2
.0
.2
.2
.4
.5
.3
.0
.8
.7
.1
.2
.3
.5
.8
.9
.3
.4
.1
13.4
15.5
15.0
12.1
16.2
16.8
16.2
16.3
16.6
16.2
17.7
17.1
17.0
16.9
16.5
16.7
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
16.6
18.4
18.5
17.9
18 .3
17.7
18.7
18. 6
18.9
18.7
Small
SUVs
16.8
17
18
17
16
18
20
21
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
16
17
16
.2
.2
.8
.8
.8
.7
.1
.1
.4
.8
.0
.4
.2
.2
.4
.8
.1
.7
Midsize Larg
SUVs SUVs
12.1
13
14
13
11
13
15
15
15
17
17
18
19
16
16
16
20
20
20
20
19
19
19
20
20
20
22
22
20
21
20
.4
.4
.7
. 6
. 8
.3
.2
.3
.4
.9
.8
.3
.2
.1
.1
.1
.0
.1
. 0
. 4
.5
. 6
.0
. 1
.0
.2
.5
.9
.2
.9
17.5
17.3
17.2
17.5
19.2
19.1
17.7
18.2
18.6
Small Midsize Large
Pickups Pickups Pickups
16.8
18.2
24.5
20.7
20.2
20.7
22 .0
22.0
21
22
29
29
26
26
27
29
26
26
26
26
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
24
25
25
25
24
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
.1
.9
.5
.3
.3
.2
.1
.7
.8
.4
.1
.4
.9
.7
.8
.5
.7
.7
.4
.8
.8
.4
.7
.0
.6
.5
.1
.3
.7
.5
.7
12 .0
13 .4
15.2
15.2
14.1
17.0
18.4
17.8
17.2
17.4
18.0
18 .7
17.8
18 .1
18 .1
18.3
18.3
18.1
18.5
18.6
18.5
18.0
19.7
19.3
19.0
19.2
18 .9
19.1
19.1
19.5
18.8
N-2D
-------
Table N-3
Appendix N
Laboratory Fuel Economy Values by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Size for DC
YEAR D Small
Cars
1975 18.5
1976 19.5
1977 20.0
1978 23.6
1979 27.8
1980 28.3
1981 30.3
1982 31.4
1983 31.8
1984 29.7
1985 29.7
1986 30.2
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
29
29
29
28
28
28
29
28
29
29
29
29
28
29
28
28
27
29
28
. 1
.4
.1
.5
.2
.0
.0
.3
.8
.1
.3
.6
.7
. 6
. 6
.4
.8
.2
.2
Midsize Large
Cars Cars
12.6 13.8
14.1 13.0
15.0 12.9
16.1 12.8
18.6 17.1
19.3 17.2
24.3 17.8
25.1
25.2
25.4
25.8
26.1
25.
26.
26.
26.
26.
26.
27.
27.
27.
27.
27.
27.
27.
26.
27.
26.
26.
27.
27.
4
5
1
1
5
8
8
7
3
7
7
7
5
7
2
9
6
2
9
24
23
24
24
22
24
23
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
24
.0
.7
.2
.4
. 7
.6
.9
.7
.3
.2
.6
.8
.5
.3
.2
.3
.0
.5
Small
Wagons
23.0
25.5
24.1
27.0
25. 6
24.3
31
32
32
27
25
25
27
27
.5
.1
.5
.0
.4
.6
.4
.6
Midsize Large
Wagons Wagons
13.9 12.6
17.1 12.1
16.9 12.1
17.4
18 .1
18 .7
25.8
27.9
27.7
28.1
27.0
28.0
27
28
23
21
21
21
26
25
25
27
26
26
26
25
25
23
25
.6
.0
.4
.1
.2
.3
.0
.4
. 7
.2
.7
.7
.1
.3
.8
.7 22.1
.2 22.3
Small
Vans
29.8
27.7
27.0
26,
25,
25,
24,
25,
27,
28,
27,
26,
26,
.3
. 6
.5
.1
.7
.0
.2
.0
.5
.2
Midsize Large
Vans Vans
12. 6
14.2
13.8
13.4
13.8
17.1 13.3
17.6 15.0
17.9 14.5
18.1 14.7
20.1 13.7
20.9 13.8
21.7 14.5
22
23
22
23
22
22
23
22
23
22
22
23
23
24
24
24
25
24
24
.1
.0
.7
.0
.8
.6
.6
.4
.0
.8
.7
.4
.1
.1
.1
.5
.0
.5
.7
14
14
14
16
16
15
16
16
15
16
15
17
17
17
17
16
17
.7
.6
.4
.0
.2
.3
.1
.5
.8
.4
.9
.2
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
Small
SUVs
21.2
21.4
21.9
22 .0
21
20
20
20
21
20
21
21
21
20
20
19
20
19
19
19
21
18
.5
.7
.4
.6
.1
.9
.1
.0
. 7
.5
.3
.7
.0
.9
.4
.9
.0
.7
Midsize Larg
SUVs SUVs
13.0
13. 6
14.0
13.5
12 .5
13.8
15.0
15. 1
14.7
13. 0
14. 6
14.4
14.
18.
18.
19.
19.
19.
19.
18 .
18 .
19.
19.
19.
20.
20.
20.
19.
22.
21.
21.
2
9
9
6
0
5
3
9
8
3
5
9
5
3
3
9
1
7
8
17.5
16.8
17.7
17.9
18.4
19.1
18.1
18.2
Small Midsize Large
Pickups Pickups Pickups
13 .0
23.9
24.7
29.3
30.9
28 .1
23
24
24
25
28
27
27
27
24
23
22
22
21
20
19
20
21
20
19
20
19
19
19
18
18
19
.9
.7
.6
.6
.0
.3
.6
.5
.5
.6
.7
.4
.1
.2
.7
.9
.0
.3
.8
.5
.2
.7
.6
.2
.1
.9
14 .0
14 .4
14.5
13.5
16.8
18.2
18.7
18.5
16.8
16.5
16.2
16.9
16.6
16.2
16.1
16.1
16.9
16.8
17.0
16.2
16.5
16.9
17.0
17.1
18.1
17.0
17.8
18 .2
18 .1
18 .7
N-3D
-------
Appendix N
Table N-4
Laboratory Fuel Economy Values by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Size for Toyota
YEAR D Small
Cars
1975 21.2
1976 25.0
1977 28.8
1978 27.0
1979 23.9
1980 27.4
1981 31.1
1982 30.5
1983 31.7
1984 32.8
1985 32.1
1986 32.3
1987 33.0
1988 32.7
1989 31.9
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
31
31
31
31
32
33
33
31
33
32
33
34
34
36
35
34
.0
.2
.2
.7
.2
.4
.4
.7
.9
.8
.4
.5
.2
.8
.0
.7
Midsize Large
Cars Cars
23
23
26
26
26
27
26
28
28
29
28
29
29
29
29
31
.4
.2
.0
.1
.1
.1
.9
.4
.6
.0
.8
.3
.2
.7
.8
.8
28
28
28
27
28
28
26
28
27
26
23
.3
.1
. 6
.8
.1
.1
.7
.4
.4
.2
.8
Small Midsize Large
Wagons Wagons Wagons
22 .8
24.6
27.8
25.5
24.9
27.4
29.1
29.3
34.8
33.9
35.5 24.5
33.7 23.8
32.8 23.6
31.5
30.6
29
30
31
34
33
35
35
35
34
36
.9
.8
.8 25.2
.2 25.7
.8 25.6
.2 27.2
.3 26.9
.2
.8
.3
Small Mids
Vans Vans
20.5
27.0
26.6
26.3
25.5
25.8
25.9
22
22
21
22
22
22
22
24
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
.9
.3
.9
.0
. 6
.4
.3
.2
.1
.1
.7
.7
.7
.6
.0
Vans
Small
SUVs
12 .0
10 .9
13 .7
13.0
13 .8
13.8
14.3
14.2
29
25
28
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
.3
.5
.9
.0
.2
.2
.5
.5
. 6
.5
Midsize Large
SUVs SUVs
9.5
12.7
11.5
13.3
14.1
17.3
21. 1
23.3
22. 7
20.3
19. 7
19.5
19.6 14.9
17.7 14.5
17.8 15.6
17.8 15.5
18.
21.
21.
21.
22.
21.
22 .
22 .
22 .
23.
23.
, 7
, 7
,2
,5
,4
,9
,2
,8
,5
,2
,3
16,
16,
16,
17,
17,
17,
20,
17,
17,
17,
18 ,
.7
.7
.7
.3
.1
.1
.1
.8
.9
.3
.7
Small Midsize Large
Pickups Pickups Pickup:
21.3 D
22.1 D
27.2 D
24.6 D
19.5 D
21.5 D
26.5 D
25.6 D
25.5 D
25.1 D
27.0 27.9 D
26.4 29.0 D
26.6 29.0 D
25.1 24.5 D
23.5 24.5 D
23.1 23.9 D
23.8 23.5 D
23.7 23.5 D
26.1 19. 5D
24.5 20. 5D
23,
24,
24,
23,
26,
26,
22,
22,
22,
22,
.8
.3
.0
.2 D
.6
.7
.7
.6
.9
.4
21
21
20
20
20
20
18
19
18
21
.60
.5D
.40
-7D
.on
.40
.8D
.20
.70
. 6D
N-4D
-------
Table N-5
Appendix N
Laboratory Fuel Economy Values by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Size for Honda
YEAR D Small Mids
Cars
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
31.
32 ,
36,
34,
29,
28 ,
30,
33,
35,
35,
33,
33,
32 ,
31,
31.
30,
30,
31,
32 ,
32 ,
32 ,
32 ,
32 ,
35,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38 ,
37,
38 ,
.4
.9
.2
.0
.0
.9
.6
.2
.2
.1
.7
.5
.8
.8
.2
.3
.4
.0
.2
.1
.9
.1
.4
.1
.7
.4
.6
.5
.0
.7
.3
Cars
24.5
24.5
29. 1
28.5
28.4
28. 8
28.6
29. 8
30. 0
30. 1
Large Small Midsize Large Small
Cars Wagons Wagons Wagons Vans
29,
31,
31.
29,
32 ,
33,
36,
36,
36,
34,
34,
34,
34,
34,
35,
28 ,
27,
27,
29,
29,
28 ,
.4
.9
.5
.9
.5
.7
.7
.7
.1
.8
.6
.2
.2
.7
.2
.7
.1
.6
.0
.0
.5
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
27.2
Midsize Large Small
Vans Vans SUVs
25.5 D
28.5
24.9
27.0
24.1
23.9
24.0
24.2
24.2
24.2
25.7
Midsize Large Small Midsize Large
SUVs SUVs Pickups Pickups Pickups
20.2 D
19
24.7
25.4
25.7
26.0
25.3
26.3
25.0
24.8
24.4
4 D
D
N-5D
-------
Table N-6
Appendix N
Laboratory Fuel Economy Values by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Size for Nissan
YEAR D Small Mids
Cars
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
25
26
27
27
26
31
30
30
32
31
29
30
29
30
31
29
31
32
30
31
30
32
31
31
31
29
30
33
27
29
29
.2
.8
.2
.0
.6
.1
.4
.5
.5
.6
.4
.2
.4
.7
.8
.8
.0
. 1
.3
.2
.4
.5
.1
.9
.0
.5
.0
.5
.8
.1
.2
Cars
25.3
24.9
24.6
24.8
25. 1
24.4
27.0
27.3
27. 0
27.3
27. 0
26. 6
25. 7
27.5
27. 9
28.3
29. 1
Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large
Cars Wagons Wagons Wagons Vans Vans Vans SUVs SUVs SUVs Pickups Pickups Pickups
20.9
27.4
27.1
25.5
27.9
32.2
31.4
32.0
34.6
35.1
30.0
31.7
28.4
29.7
32.3
33.5
27.0
26.4
26.5
22 .4
22 .3
22 .2
25.4
26.0
25.6
21.8
22.7
23.0
22.9
22. 6
22.7
23.1
22.8
22. 6
22. 6
24.6
24.8
19.7
18. 7
18.5
19. 0
19.5
19.5
19. 6
19.4
18.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.8
19.9
20. 6
22.5
25.7
23.7
18.5
20.1
23. 6
24.5
25.0
25.6
23.2
25.1
27.7
27.8
27.4
26.2
25.7
24.7
25.1
24.7
24.8
27.1
26.9
26.7
26.4
25. 6
24.9
25.2
24.9
25.5
23.3
26.0
26.
26.
26.2
19.5
20 .0
20 .0
20 .9
22.5
18 .4
N-6D
-------
Appendix N
Table N-7
Laboratory Fuel Economy Values by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Size for HK
YEAR D Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large
Cars Cars Cars Wagons Wagons Wagons Vans Vans Vans SUVs SUVs SUVs Pickups Pickups Pickups
1975 D
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979 D
1980 D
1981 D
1982 D
1983 D
1984 D
1985 D
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
34
34
34
34
35
34
32
32
32
32
32
31
31
31
30
32
32
31
32
31
.9 D
.5 D
.3 D
.8
.7
.9
.5
.4
.9
.5
.4
.9
.5
.3
.6
.2
.1
.3
.2
.4
26.5 D
26. 0 D
25.5 D
24. 9 D
25.2 D
24. 9 D
25.8
27.0
25.8
25.8
26.7
26.8
26.3
26.4
26.8
27.7 22.6
29.6 23.1
30.2
30.4
29.5
28.9
28.9
20.0
20.0
21.1
21.3
24.4 D
23 .3
22 .9
23.1
24.3 D
23.4 D
23.7 D
24.4 D
23. 6 D
24.2 D
24.2 D
22 . 6 D
22.1 D
23.4 D
N-7D
-------
Table N-E
Appendix N
Laboratory Fuel Economy Values by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Size for VW
Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large
Wagons Vans Vans Vans SUVs SUVs SUVs Pickups Pickups Pickups
YEAR D Small
Cars
1975 26.4
1976 27.5
1977 28.8
1978 27.2
1979 28.6
1980 30.8
1981 34.1
1982 32.9
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
30
30
32
31
29
30
31
30
31
30
28
28
29
28
29
29
29
29
29
29
30
29
29
.0
.5
.5
.6
.8
.6
.0
.2
.3
.8
.2
.2
.3
.3
.0
.4
.3
.7
.4
.9
.3
.5
.0
Midsize Large Small Mids
Cars Cars Wagons Wago:
27.2
27.9
28 .7
25.7
25.0
40.1
40.6
29.8
22
22
23
23
23
23
24
25
25
24
24
28
26
26
26
25
25
26
27
27
27
. 9
. 6
. 0
.5
. 8
.5
.4
.3
.5
.3
.5
.2
. 6
.2
.3
.5
.4
. 9
.2
.4
.4
30
26
28
22
27
31
31
31
22
22
23
23
24
24
24
13.8 26
22.8 25
23.1 27
22.6 29
23.1 33
22.2 33
21.6 31
.6
.2
.7
.7
.5
.4
.7
.7
.8
.9
.5
.4
.1
.2
.5
.2
.8
.0
.8
.6
.9
.2
22
22
22
23
23
23
26
26
27
24
23
24
30
25
29
26
25
23
26
26
25
27
.4
.7
.9
.3
.4
.3
.8
.9
.6
.0
.9
.0
.8
.1
.2
.5
.0
.3
.4
.0
.7
.1
20.7
19.9
22.2
20.0
18.7
19.0
18.5
21.7
19.3
20.7
21.3
19.2
18.9
19.9
20.8
20.8
20.9
21.0
20.1
19.5
19.7
20.7
21.0
20.0
19.6
18 .5
18 .5
18 .5
20.0
20.9
31.3
36.9
39.2
32.8
19.3
19.5
N-8D
-------
Table N-9
Appendix N
Laboratory Fuel Economy Values by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Size for Others
Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large
Wagons Vans Vans Vans SUVs SUVs SUVs Pickups Pickups Pickups
YEAR D Small
Cars
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
21
21
23
22
23
27
27
28
26
26
25
26
25
26
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
26
25
25
24
24
24
25
26
26
26
.7
.6
.1
.5
.9
.5
.2
.0
.8
.6
.3
.1
.8
.9
.8
.5
.1
.5
.7
.2
.2
.7
.5
.4
.9
.7
.8
.7
.4
.3
.6
Midsize Large
Cars
17
11
17
17
16
18
16
13
14
10
10
13
15
17
17
19
18
19
20
21
21
15
21
22
21
21
21
25
25
.4
.0
. 6
. 7
. 7
.5
. 6
.4
.6
. 7
. 9
.4
.2
. 9
. 9
.5
. 6
.3
.3
. 0
.9
. 8
. 9
. 6
.3
. 7
. 0
. 7
.4
Cars
27
16
20
10
18
20
20
13
13
13
22
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
24
23
.6
.3
.8
.4
.1
. 6
.7
. 6
. 6
.6
.0
.5
.3
.3
.4
.4
. 6
.5
.1
.4
Small Mids
Wagons Wago:
22
22
23
20
24
27
28
29
26
26
26
23
24
23
24
23
24
24
25
25
25
25
.5
.5
.3
.6
.0
.2
.2
.0
.8
.1
.3
.2
.3
.5
.4
.6
.5
.9
.5
.6
.8
.8
19,
22,
28,
26,
27,
29,
28,
28,
27,
24,
24,
24,
24,
23,
23,
25,
23,
23,
25,
.7
.3
.5
.0
.0
.9
.5
.3
.1
.5
.0
.6
.3
.3
.2
.9
.2
.2
.7
27.6
39.0
38.6
12.8
12 .7
21. 6
25 .6
27 .3
21.3
19.3
19.3
12.9
16.8
18.7
18.5
21.8
22.0
15.6
18.1
17.5
19.2
20.1
20.0
20.0
20.0
18 .7
24.9
20 .0
20 .8
17.4
21.8
17.9
N-9D
-------
Table N-10
Appendix N
Laboratory Fuel Economy Values by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Size for All
YEAR D
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Small
Cars
18 .3
19.9
20.7
23.2
23 .3
26.1
28 .5
29.1
29.4
29.4
29.8
30.0
30.1
30.5
30.2
29.8
30.0
30.0
30 .5
30 .4
30.7
30.8
30.9
30.9
30.3
30.3
30.7
30.7
30.6
30.7
30.9
Midsize
Cars
13. 6
15.7
16.4
18.6
19.1
21.6
22.9
24.0
23.9
24.1
24.9
25.9
26.0
26.7
26.6
26.2
26.0
25.8
26.1
25.9
26.1
26.5
26.5
27.1
27.1
27.0
27.2
27.7
28.3
28.8
29.0
Large
Cars
13.1
14.2
15.9
16.8
17.4
19.1
20.4
20.7
20.2
20.5
22 .3
23.9
23.9
24.2
24.0
23.7
23.6
23.8
24.2
24.1
24.5
24.3
24.5
24.6
24.8
25.6
25.4
26.0
26.0
25.8
25.7
Small
Wagons
22 .4
23.9
25.5
24.3
25.7
28.6
30.0
30.6
32.2
31.9
32.5
31.0
30.7
31.3
31.5
29. 6
30. 6
30.2
32.5
32.9
33.3
31.6
32.2
32.1
31.5
29.2
27.3
26.1
30.2
31.5
30.9
Midsize
Wagons
13.2
16.0
16.3
18 .6
19.1
21.1
23.1
23.7
24.4
25.0
25.2
26.0
25.6
26.2
25.6
25.3
25.9
26.2
26.2
26.0
26.6
26.3
26.3
26.2
26.3
27.3
26.6
27.4
27.2
27.3
26.6
Large
Wagons
11.9
13.5
15.5
15.9
16.1
19.1
19.9
19.2
19.6
19.9
20.9
22.0
22.1
22.8
22.5
22.7
22 .9
22 .7
22 .5
22 .9
22.8
23.2
22.1
22 .3
Small
Vans
20.6
19.9
22.2
20.0
18.7
19.0
18 .5
21.7
19.7
25. 6
25.5
25.7
24.3
24.5
25.0
23.9
24.0
27.0
28.2
27.0
26.5
26.2
Midsize
Vans
13.3
14.1
14.3
13.8
14.3
16.9
17.9
17.9
18.7
19.2
19.8
20.8
21.2
21.8
21.8
21.8
21.9
21.8
22.3
22.0
22.2
22 .8
22 .6
23.3
23.0
23.5
24.0
23.7
24.1
23.8
24.2
Large
Vans
12. 6
13.4
15.5
15.0
12.1
16.0
16.8
16.1
16.2
16.4
16.1
17.6
17.0
16.9
16.8
16.5
16.7
16.9
17.0
17.0
17.1
17.1
18.6
18.3
17.9
18 .0
17.7
17.9
18.7
19.2
19.1
Small
SUVs
16.1
15.9
17 .0
16.9
16.7
18 .8
20.4
20.5
21.4
21.6
22 .1
23.7
24.2
24 .2
22 .8
23 .4
23. 6
23.4
23.2
24.1
24.2
28 .5
22 .8
23.8
24.1
22 .5
24 .9
24 .7
25 .2
23.6
25.0
Midsize
SUVs
12.1
13.3
14. 6
13.8
11.9
14.3
15. 6
16. 4
18.8
18.9
19.7
19.7
19.8
19.5
19.5
19.1
20.2
19.9
20.0
19. 8
19.6
20. 0
20.5
20.8
21.0
21.0
21.7
21.8
22.4
22.5
22 .7
Large
SUVs
12.2
12.7
13.6
13.2
11.1
14.3
15.3
18 .9
17.6
16.9
16.9
16.8
17.0
16.6
16.7
16.7
16.2
15.7
16.3
16.4
16.6
17.3
17.5
17.4
17.2
17.6
18.5
19.1
18.8
18.9
19.7
Small
Pickups
22.5
23.8
25.5
25.6
22.8
24.3
28 .2
27.3
26.9
26.1
26.7
25.9
26.0
25.0
23.9
24.8
25.0
24.6
26.3
24.9
24.4
24.6
24.9
24.5
23.2
26.3
26.5
23.2
23.2
23.0
24.9
Midsize
Pickups
21.1
22.9
29.5
29.3
25.9
25.9
26.4
26.7
26.5
25.7
25.7
26.1
25.4
25.3
24.8
24.7
24.6
23.8
23.7
24.0
24.7
24.8
24 .2
23.9
22 .5
22 .8
21.8
21.1
22.8
21.6
23.4
Large
Pickups
13 .1
13.9
14.9
14.7
14.3
17.2
18.6
18.6
18.1
17.8
17.7
18 .2
17.7
18 .0
18 .1
18.0
18.2
18.3
18.7
18.4
18.0
18.2
18.9
18.6
18.5
19.3
18 .9
18 .7
18 .9
19.4
19.5
N-10D
-------
Table N-ll
Appendix N
Laboratory Ton-MPG by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Size for GM
YEAR D Small
Cars
1975 33.1
1976 35.4
1977 36.8
1978 35.7
1979 35.8
1980 35.3
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
37
39
40
41
41
42
42
43
43
43
43
43
43
44
45
45
45
45
46
46
47
47
48
48
49
.1
.1
.1
.0
.9
.4
.9
.6
.4
.7
.5
.1
.4
.4
.2
.9
.9
.8
. 6
.9
.5
.3
.5
.5
.0
Midsize Large
Cars Cars
34.8 34.8
37.8 37.0
38.9 36.1
35.7 37.2
35.7 37.2
36.9 40.4
39
41
40
40
42
42
43
44
43
44
43
44
45
45
45
46
47
46
46
46
48
48
49
49
50
.8
.6
.4
.3
.1
.2
.2
. 7
.5
.9
.4
.9
.5
.3
.5
.5
.0
.9
.5
.7
.2
.6
.5
.9
.8
44
43
41
41
43
44
44
45
44
44
46
45
46
46
46
48
46
46
47
49
50
50
50
51
51
.1
.1
.3
.9
.4
.7
.2
. 6
. 6
.7
.1
.0
.1
.5
.9
.1
.9
.5
.6
.4
.4
.8
.9
.3
.6
Small
Wagons
33.6
35.0
38.1
35.8
36.1
33.4
37
39
40
41
41
41
41
42
43
44
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
47
51
51
51
.3
.6
.6
.8
.4
.0
.5
.6
.0
. 6
.0
. 6
.2
.2
.3
.1
.6
.8
.7
.8
.9
.8
.2
.6
.1
Midsize Large Small Midsize Large
Wagons Wagons Vans Vans Vans
33.8 33.5 30.9
36.6 37.6 30.6 28.9
37.7 38.3 32.4
36.6 37.1 31.1
36.9 36.1 33.9
39.1 44.7 36.4
41
41
40
40
42
44
45
47
45
46
45
45
46
45
46
46
47
47
47
48
53
52
52
51
50
.0
.0
.5
.9
.5
.1
.4
.4
.6
.5
.7
.6
.1
.9
.4
.6
.3
.5
.7
.7
.2
.6
.8
.9
.6
47.
43.
44.
44.
47.
49.
50.
51.
50.
51.
51.
51.
50.
51.
51.
52.
0
4
0
9
3
6
2
5
4
2
3
1
7
6
3
2
39
39
43
41
40
41
41
42
42
44
44
45
45
45
44
47
47
47
48
48
50
49
50
49
50
.5
.8
.4
.3
.5
.4
.9
. 7
.9
.3
.9
.1
.3
.5
.9
.8
.7
.9
.2
. 6
.1
.2
.2
.6
.9
38.
39.
37.
38 .
39.
46.
46.
46.
47.
47.
45.
45.
46.
44.
45.
47.
45.
45.
45.
45.
45.
52.
53.
54.
5
4
5
6
8
2
9
2
2
2
0
7
0
7
9
7
8
5
3
7
9
7
5
3
Small
SUVs
25.7
25.2
25
26
27
32
32
37
37
37
38
39
39
39
39
38
39
40
40
43
44
44
44
45
45
45
48
.2
.9
.0
.4
.4
.2
.2
.4
.8
.5
. 6
.5
.5
.9
.4
.1
.5
.3
.3
.5
.3
.6
.5
.6
. 6
Midsize Large
SUVs SUVs
29.0 28.9
32.3 31.2
34.9 33.7
33.3 32.8
29.3 29.2
36.9 36.8
41
50
45
43
43
40
40
42
42
41
42
40
43
45
45
46
46
46
45
45
45
45
47
48
48
. 7
. 4
.0
. 6
.0
.7
.8
.0
.5
.2
.2
.7
.8
. 1
.2
.3
.1
.7
. 1
.9
. 6
.5
.8
.5
.9
39
52
48
45
44
44
46
46
47
47
47
44
46
47
46
48
49
47
47
50
50
50
50
51
51
.3
.7
.7
.3
.9
.5
.9
.0
.9
.8
.5
.7
.7
.0
.5
.4
.2
.3
.3
.1
.4
.7
.8
.4
.6
Small
Pickups
30.6
34.5
34.7
36.5
35.7
37.0
41
47
47
46
44
42
37
50
53
53
.5
.0
.6
.4
.2
.3
.2
.9
.4
.4
Midsize
Pickups
38
41
39
40
39
40
41
41
40
41
40
39
44
46
48
47
47
45
44
43
43
44
46
47
.8
.0
.5
.0
.6
.0
.9
.4
.9
.0
.2
.9
.1
.1
.1
.0
.5
.9
.1
.1
.8
.9
.0
.5
Large
Pickups
29.6
30.9
32.3
31.5
34.9
39.1
40.1
43.9
42.5
41.7
40.4
41.0
40.4
40.8
40.7
41.0
41.5
42.3
43.3
42.4
42.2
45.1
47.2
44.8
47.4
46.6
47.8
48 .1
48 .1
50.3
50.8
N-11D
-------
Table N-12
Appendix N
Laboratory Ton-MPG by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Size for Ford
YEAR D Small
Cars
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
30
34
35
35
33
34
36
38
38
40
41
41
42
42
42
42
42
42
43
44
46
45
46
46
46
47
47
47
47
46
47
.2
.5
.9
.8
.5
.4
.9
.3
.7
. 6
.4
.9
.1
.6
.0
.2
.7
.9
.8
.7
.7
.8
.3
.3
.3
.0
.7
.1
.2
.9
.5
Midsize Large
Cars
28. 8
35.3
36.3
35.5
35.0
35.5
34.1
35.2
37.5
41.5
41.4
44.0
43.2
44.8
46.7
47.3
47.0
47.0
46.9
46.8
46.7
45.8
45.5
45.4
46.1
45.7
45.7
46.0
48.3
48.5
48.6
Cars
30. 6
36.1
35.5
37.7
35.7
38.8
37.6
39.5
39.6
39.8
41.5
43.9
43.7
45.3
45.7
45. 6
46.4
48.3
48.0
47.2
46.4
46.3
46.3
45.9
46.5
46.7
45.7
47.2
49.0
47.8
50.6
Small
Wagons
32
35
34
34
35
37
37
39
38
41
42
41
43
43
42
44
47
48
47
49
47
46
47
46
47
49
52
50
50
50
50
.1
.6
. 6
.5
.9
.3
.9
.3
.6
.7
.2
.9
.3
.5
.8
.7
.1
.3
.8
.3
.9
.8
.4
.6
.4
.0
.6
.2
.4
.5
.3
Midsize Large Small Midsize Large
Wagons
29
37
36
34
34
35
36
38
42
43
43
44
43
43
43
43
45
46
46
45
45
49
49
48
49
49
48
49
49
48
48
.1
.1
.4
.2
. 1
.5
.2
.9
.4
.3
.4
.6
.9
.7
.4
.5
.6
.2
.3
.8
.9
.3
.2
.4
.1
.4
.7
.9
.3
.4
.6
Wagons Vans Vans
30
36
34
37
36
39
37
39
39
39
41
43
43
45
45
45
46
.6
.5
.7
.8
.2
.3
.8
.7
.6
.8
.4
.9
.7
.3
.5
.0
.9
38
42
43
43
43
42
42
43
44
44
45
45
44
46
48
49
45
50
51
49
52
.5
.8
. 6
.5
.9
.3
.7
.5
.8
.3
.5
.6
.4
.5
.7
.1
. 6
.1
.3
.2
.3
Vans
26
28
32
31
28
37
38
37
37
36
36
40
39
41
40
40
41
43
43
43
44
43
47
48
46
46
48
48
47
49
49
.4
.0
.2
.2
.6
.9
.3
.1
.1
.8
.4
.8
.8
.4
.8
. 6
.3
.7
.7
.9
.3
.3
.7
.3
.2
.9
.3
.1
.8
.0
.1
Small
SUVs
23
24
25
25
26
29
31
30
30
35
38
38
38
39
42
42
33
34
33
.2
.2
.6
.0
.7
. 6
. 6
.2
.3
.7
.2
.5
.9
.0
.7
.7
. 6
.3
.5
Midsize Large
SUVs SUVs
26.9
29.7
32 .4
31.5
28 .2
32. 1
35. 1
35.2
35.6
35.4
36.0
37.9
38.3
40.5
40.4
40.0
43.9
43.7
44.1
43. 8
44.3
44.3
43.9 45.0
43.2 46.0
43.3 47.0
43.3 47.4
45.5 44.4
43.1 44.8
44.2 49.8
44.5 50.8
45.5 52.2
Small Midsize
Pickups Pickups
25.8 31
28.0 34
39.0 44
44
40
39
31.6 40
30.5 43
31.8 39
34.0 40
38.5 39
41
40
40
41
42
43
44
44
44
46
45
46
44
42
42
41
42
43
43
43
. 6
.9
.5
.4
.3
.9
.3
.6
.4
.4
.2
.0
.8
.8
.8
.2
.1
.8
.5
.7
.8
.8
.9
.1
.1
.5
.8
.4
.9
.5
.7
Large
Pickups
26.4
29.8
33. 6
33. 6
30. 6
36.4
37.9
36.7
36.4
36.6
37.6
38 .9
38 .8
39.9
40.7
41.4
41.2
41.9
42.9
43.3
43.0
41.8
45.2
45.0
44.8
45.5
46.5
46.6
47.0
48.5
51.0
N-12D
-------
Appendix N
Table N-13
Laboratory Ton-MPG by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Size for DC
YEAR D Small
Cars
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
34
35
36
37
37
36
39
43
44
41
41
41
40
42
43
43
43
44
44
44
45
44
45
45
45
46
46
47
48
48
47
.2
.6
.6
.0
.0
.4
.2
.5
.5
.5
.7
.9
. 1
.2
.9
.5
.7
.2
.8
.7
.1
.3
.2
.5
.5
.0
.8
.0
.0
.6
.9
Midsize Large
Cars
29
32
33
35
36
35
36
39
39
39
40
41
40
42
42
43
43
43
44
41
45
47
47
49
49
47
49
48
50
50
50
. 0
.2
.1
.0
.2
.2
.9
.2
.6
.5
.5
.1
. 6
.1
. 6
.5
.5
.1
.0
.6
.4
.4
.9
.0
.4
.7
.0
.2
. 1
. 1
.8
Cars
34
33
33
32
36
34
35
36
36
44
43
44
44
45
46
46
46
46
49
48
48
47
49
50
52
.8
.9
.2
.8
.7
.4
.8
.0
.3
.9
.8
.2
.9
.4
.5
.7
.8
.2
.1
.8
.2
.9
.6
. 6
. 1
Small
Wagons
31
35
33
39
37
36
43
43
43
47
44
45
48
48
.8
.4
.8
.8
.9
.4
.4
.9
.7
.3
.7
.0
.2
.5
Midsize Larg
Wagons Wago:
35
36
35
36
36
37
37
40
40
40
41
42
42
42
41
42
42
42
45
46
47
54
53
53
52
50
51
51
52
.0
.5
.2
.4
.4
.6
.3
.5
.5
.0
.3
.0
.1
.9
.1
.2
.4
.5
.2
.7
.8
.4
.4
.5
.3
.6
.7
.0
.2
34.6
33.4
33.4
52.3
52.5
Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large
Vans Vans Vans SUVs SUVs SUVs Pickups Pickups Pickups
41
40
40
40
41
40
39
40
43
42
44
42
44
.0
.2
.2
. 6
.3
.0
.0
.0
.5
.9
.0
.1
.8
27
30
30
29
31
34
35
36
37
38
38
40
41
44
43
44
45
45
45
44
44
47
47
48
48
49
52
53
53
53
52
.4
.8
.5
.7
.0
.9
.6
.0
.4
.3
.9
.9
.9
.1
.9
.9
. 7
.6
.4
.8
.5
.6
.3
.4
.1
.5
.8
.2
.2
.5
.5
32
34
33
34
33
33
35
35
35
34
39
39
39
39
40
40
41
41
44
45
41
43
39
42
.5
.9
.8
.8
.5
.4
.2
.9
.5
.6
.3
.2
.3
.5
.9
.1
.1
.5
.7
.5
.7
.0
.6
.6
37
37
38
38
37
35
35
35
37
34
34
33
33
38
35
38
38
39
38
39
41
35
.2
.6
.4
.5
.6
.7
.6
.7
.0
.3
.5
.9
.8
. 6
.7
.2
.9
.0
.4
.4
.6
.8
30
32
33
32
29
31
33
35
34
31
34
34
34
35
35
35
34
35
37
36
36
36
38
39
42
40
41
43
45
44
46
.4
.1
.7
.7
.3
.8
.9
.2
.7
. 1
. 0
.8
. 6
.3
.3
.8
. 7
.2
.2
.5
.5
. 9
.5
. 8
. 6
.9
. 6
.1
.2
.2
. 6
43
41
44
45
45
47
47
46
.0
.3
.7
.4
.1
.0
.3
.9
32.9
34.0
37.3
40.6
37.1
33
34
35
37
41
40
39
39
40
39
38
39
38
39
39
41
41
40
40
42
40
42
41
41
41
44
.0
.0
.4
.8
.6
.2
.9
.3
.1
.5
.3
.9
.9
.1
.1
.3
.8
.3
.9
.1
.4
.1
.3
.9
.7
.8
28 .3
30 .7
31.5
30 .8
30.7
34.8
36.2
37.6
38.0
34.7
34.6
34.8
35.7
36.3
35.3
35.9
36.1
37.7
38.0
40.4
39.5
41.0
42.8
43.7
43.6
43.2
42.8
45.6
46.8
46.1
46.7
N-13D
-------
Appendix N
Table N-14
Laboratory Ton-MPG by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Size for Toyota
YEAR D Small
Cars
1975 29.2
1976 34.4
1977 38.3
1978 35.9
1979 32.7
1980 36.2
1981 40.0
1982 39.5
1983 43.6
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
44
44
44
46
45
45
45
44
43
44
44
46
46
45
49
48
48
51
52
52
52
51
.7
.8
.8
.7
.5
.2
.0
. 6
.7
.5
.8
.8
.5
.5
.2
.9
.8
.6
.9
.7
.5
.6
Midsize Large
Cars Cars
46
46
46
46
46
48
47
50
51
51
51
52
52
52
54
58
.8
.5
.0
. 6
.5
.2
.5
.3
.2
.6
.2
.2
.0
.4
.3
.3
49
49
50
48
49
49
48
49
49
51
53
.6
.1
.0
.7
.1
.2
.6
.7
.6
.6
.6
Small Mids
Wagons Wago:
30.8
33.4
37.2
34.9
32.9
35.9
37.7
37.5
43.5
43
44
42
47
46
45
45
45
44
47
46
48
48
52
51
53
.8
.3
.3
.4
.1
.1
.0
.4
.7
.1
.6
.4
.6
.9
.3
.4
42
41
41
44
45
47
50
50
.9
.7
.3
.3
.3
.8
.8
.0
Large Small
Wagons Vans
35.9
45.9
43.6
45.2
41.8
45.4
45.9
Midsize Large
Vans Vans
45.7
44.6
43.8
44.3
46.3
45.5
46.0
48.4
48.
48.
49.
49.
49.
57.7
56.3
Small
SUVs
24 .0
22 .3
28 .2
26.4
27 .6
27. 6
30.3
30.9
43
41
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
.7
.4
.2
.4
.5
.7
.5
.7
.8
.9
Midsize Large
SUVs SUVs
21.3
29.3
26.5
29.9
31.6
35.1
41.2
47. 8
43. 4
41.4
41. 1
41.8
42.9 37.2
39.1 36.3
39.2 38.9
39.1 38.9
40,
41,
42,
42,
45,
46,
46,
46,
47,
50,
51,
.7
.9
.0
.3
.7
.1
.0
.8
. 6
.7
.3
41,
41,
41,
49,
51,
51,
48,
49,
50,
50,
52 ,
.8
.8
.8
.2
.3
.3
.5
.8
.1
.5
.3
Small Midsize Large
Pickups Pickups Pickups
29.3 D
31.1 D
37.8 D
35.3 D
27.5 D
30.9 D
38.7 D
39.0 D
38.8 D
38.3 D
42.2 41.8 D
41.6 43.5 D
41.6 43.5 D
40.1 36.8 D
39.9 42.9 D
39.6 41.8 D
40.8 41.1 D
40.3 41.1 D
42.3 37. 4D
41.6 37. 8D
40,
40,
40,
41,
40,
42,
43,
43,
42,
45,
.8
.8
.6
.2 D
.1
.6
.0
.1
.7
.0
42
42
41
42
42
42
43
44
45
48
.90
.9D
.7D
.70
.90
.9D
.70
.3D
.5D
.20
N-14D
-------
Appendix N
Table N-15
Laboratory Ton-MPG by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Size for Honda
YEAR D Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large
Cars Cars Cars Wagons Wagons Wagons Vans Vans Vans SUVs SUVs SUVs Pickups Pickups Pickups
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
31
33
38
36
33
34
36
39
42
42
41
43
43
44
44
44
44
47
48
49
49
48
48
50
49
49
53
53
56
55
56
.5
.2
.2
.3
.6
.0
.2
.5
.4
.3
.4
.4
.5
.4
.1
.2
.4
.3
.3
.3
.4
.8
.8
.6
.6
.5
.2
.0
.5
.8
.3
49
49
51
50
50
50
50
53
53
54
. 0
. 0
.2
.3
. 0
. 6
.9
. 0
. 9
. 1
33.1
36.1
35.
41.5
40.7
40,
41,
.6 D
33.7 D
36.9 D
38 .0 D
41.6 D
D
D
D
D
41.0 D
44
44
47
46
47
48
50
50
50
47
.6
.2
.0
.6
.5
.3
.8
.9
.0
.8
D
D
D
D
D
D
44.7 D
49.8
43. 6
47.2
54.2
53.8
54.0
54.5
54.5
54.5
57.9
40.4 D
42
45
46
46
47
48
49
50
49.7
49.7
N-15D
-------
Appendix N
Table N-16
YEAR D Small Mids
Cars
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
33
34
35
34
33
38
38
40
41
42
40
42
42
42
42
42
45
46
45
45
45
47
45
50
50
48
47
50
46
48
49
.4
.8
.4
.6
.7
.7
.9
.0
.6
.5
.8
.2
.4
.9
.6
.6
.4
.2
.6
.8
.5
.0
.8
.3
.4
.0
.8
.6
.8
.3
.7
Cars
44.2
44.3
44.2
44.3
44.3
44. 1
47.6
47. 9
47. 7
48.2
47. 7
46. 6
45. 1
48.5
49. 1
51.2
52.5
Laboratory Ton-MPG by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Size for Nissan
Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large
Cars Wagons Wagons Wagons Vans Vans Vans SUVs SUVs SUVs Pickups Pickups Pickups
31.5
37.0
36.2
34. 6
34.3
39.0
39.5
40. 6
42.7
43.4
39.9
41.2 41.7
42.7 39.8
42.9 40.7
44.7
45.1
39.1
40.3
41.4
43.9
44.0
44.8
43.5
45.4
46.0
45.8
45.2
45.4
46.1
45.7
45.1
45.1
55.3
55.9
42 .0
37. 4
37.1
37. 9
39.0
39. 0
39.2
41.8
40.4
40.0
39.7
43.1
42.9
42.4
42.0
42.7
42.7
44.2
47.2
51.3
32
33
34
35
32
35
40
40
42
41
40
39
39
40
40
43
43
43
43
42
42
42
41
46
44
45
46
45
49.7 46
48.8
50.5
.5
.8
.4
.7
.4
.8
.9
.9
.0
.7
.3
.9
.9
.1
.2
.1
.1
.3
.2
.7
.0
.2
.7
. 1
.3
.7
.2
.9
.0
41.1
41.5
42
43
44 .0
48 .1
N-16D
-------
Table N-17
Appendix N
Laboratory Ton-MPG by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Size for HK
YEAR D Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large
Cars Cars Cars Wagons Wagons Wagons Vans Vans Vans SUVs SUVs SUVs Pickups Pickups Pickups
1975 D
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979 D
1980 D
1981 D
1982 D
1983 D
1984 D
1985 D
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
43
43
43
43
44
43
43
43
43
44
43
43
43
43
43
45
46
46
47
45
.7 D
.2 D
.0 D
.5
.7
.7
.1
.2
.9
.1
.4
.8
.4
.7
.7
.0
.3
.7
.3
.9
39. 8 D
40.7 D
40. 8 D
43. 8 D
44.3 D
43. 8 D
41.5
41.9
40.6
39.9
46.8
46.9
47.5
47.2
47.5
47.7 45.3
48.8 46.1
45.3
45.6
44.3
43.4
43.4
50.0
50.0
52.9
53.3
42
40
40
40
42.7 D
41.0 D
41. 6 D
42.7 D
41.3 D
46.4 D
47.3 D
47.4 D
46.2 D
48 .5 D
N-17D
-------
Appendix N
Table N-18
Laboratory Ton-MPG by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Size for VW
YEAR D Small
Cars
1975 31.1
1976 32.2
1977 34.6
1978 34.0
1979 35.8
1980 38.6
1981 43.1
1982 42.9
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
39
39
42
40
39
40
41
41
43
42
41
43
44
43
44
46
45
47
47
50
50
50
52
.1
.5
.3
.9
.5
.6
.5
.5
.4
.7
.3
.4
.8
.7
.8
.3
.8
.2
.7
.4
.9
.3
.2
Midsize Large Small Mids
Cars Cars Wagons Wago:
34.1
34.9
36.4
32 .4
31.3
50.5
50.7
41.8
34
35
35
37
37
41
43
43
43
42
41
51
51
48
47
47
46
48
50
50
51
. 9
. 0
. 6
.3
.5
. 1
.0
. 7
. 6
.3
. 7
.5
.4
. 8
. 9
. 7
. 6
.9
.4
.5
. 7
45
40
40
34
37
39
39
39
45
45
46
46
48
48
47
38.0 47
51.2 46
52.1 49
51.8 55
52.2 64
54.7 63
53.4 59
.2
.9
.0
.1
.9
.6
.6
.6
.5
.9
.9
.7
.3
.4
.2
.3
.8
.0
.2
.6
.4
.9
39
39
40
40
40
43
47
45
44
42
41
41
59
45
51
49
45
46
50
50
50
53
.3
.8
.2
.7
.9
.1
.4
.5
.6
.1
.8
.9
.9
.1
.3
.1
.3
.6
.0
.1
.3
.0
Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large
Wagons Vans Vans Vans SUVs SUVs SUVs Pickups Pickups Pickups
36.2
34.9
38.9
35.0
32.9
34.4
33.8
42.
.1
35.3
37.5
39.0
36.
36.
38.
42.
41.9
42.1
43.7
42.8
43.9
44.4
50.0
47.2
55.1
48.9
50.8
51.0
51.0
55.1
47.1
37.6
43.6
46.2
42.6
53.3
54.0
N-18D
-------
Appendix N
Table N-19
Laboratory Ton-MPG by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Size for Others
YEAR D Small
Cars
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
30
30
31
29
33
37
38
38
39
39
40
38
37
38
38
39
40
43
45
45
45
45
43
43
44
43
44
46
46
46
46
.2
.5
.3
.8
.1
.1
.5
.3
.3
.4
.5
.3
.7
.5
.8
.8
.7
.2
.4
.6
.8
.2
.9
.6
.1
.9
.6
.2
.3
.2
.2
Midsize Large
Cars
34
24
36
36
34
37
35
31
34
26
27
29
31
36
38
39
40
40
43
42
49
43
50
50
49
49
47
46
46
. 8
. 7
.2
.2
.2
.5
. 9
. 6
.6
. 9
.2
. 9
. 7
. 8
.2
.8
.2
.2
. 6
.5
.5
.3
.3
. 9
. 1
.3
.5
.3
.2
Cars
62
40
42
31
38
36
36
40
44
44
49
50
50
50
50
50
53
53
54
53
.1
.4
.0
.3
.4
.0
.2
.7
.2
.2
. 6
.7
.3
. 6
.7
.8
.2
.0
.7
.5
Small Mids
Wagons Wago:
30,
30,
30,
28 ,
33,
37,
38 ,
40,
37,
36,
36,
46,
48 ,
47,
48,
47,
46,
47,
49,
49,
49,
47,
.6
.6
.1
.5
.2
.5
.9
.1
.2
.1
.3
.4
.5
.0
.8
.4
.1
.9
.3
.1
.1
.0
38
40
50
46
47
52
49
49
47
43
42
43
42
40
40
39
40
40
38
.1
.8
.0
.9
.9
.4
.9
.5
.5
.2
.1
.1
.5
.8
.6
.1
.1
.2
.6
Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large Small Midsize Large
Wagons Vans Vans Vans SUVs SUVs SUVs Pickups Pickups Pickups
62.1
44.0
43.7
43.1
36.4
36.3
57.1
35 .1
28.3
39.0
37.4
37.0
43. 6
44.0
37.9
42.8
43.
46.
50.4
50.2
51.4
51.1
43 .3
31.1
40.5
34.8
38.2
35.7
40 .0
41.7
N-19D
-------
Table N-20
Appendix N
Laboratory Ton-MPG by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Size for All
YEAR D
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Small
Cars
31.9
34.8
36.4
35.6
34 .6
35 .8
38 .2
39.6
40.8
41.4
41.8
42 .4
42 .5
43.3
43.3
43.5
43.7
44.2
44 .6
45 .4
46.2
46.1
46.2
46.9
46.9
47.0
48 .2
48 .5
49.3
49.4
49.7
Midsize
Cars
31. 9
36.1
37.1
35.5
35.6
36.5
38.5
40.2
39.9
40.2
41.5
42.1
42.3
44.0
44.2
45.3
44.5
45.4
46.0
45.7
46.3
46.7
47.2
48 .1
48.1
48.0
48.7
49.3
50.6
51.6
52.4
Large
Cars
33.9
36. 6
35.7
37.2
36.8
39.8
42.6
42.1
40.9
41.3
42 .9
44.5
44.1
45.2
44.7
45.0
46.0
46.1
46.4
46.4
46.8
47.4
46.9
46.5
47.9
48 .3
48.1
49.0
49.9
50.1
51.3
Small
Wagons
32 .1
35.0
36.2
34. 6
35.0
37.6
38.2
39.6
41.5
42.1
42.2
41.3
43.2
43.3
43.7
44.9
46.1
46.5
47.1
48.1
47.8
46.7
46.8
46.2
46.2
45.5
47.4
46.1
50.1
51.0
51.1
Midsize
Wagons
32 .1
36.7
36.1
35.8
36.1
37.5
38.1
40.3
41.0
41.4
42.4
43.6
44.0
44.5
44 .1
44.4
45.5
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.5
48.2
48.1
48.2
48.6
48.8
50.5
51.1
51.0
50 .5
50 .8
Large
Wagons
32.7
36.9
36.9
37.3
36.1
43.2
44.7
42. 6
43.0
43. 6
45.6
48.3
48.2
49.7
48.8
49.2
50.4
51.1
50.7
51.6
51.3
52.2
52.3
52 .5
Small
Vans
36.1
34.9
38.9
35.0
32.9
34.4
33.8
42 .1
35.7
42.8
41.9
42. 6
40.3
41.9
42.5
42.6
40.7
43.5
42.9
44.0
42.1
44.8
Midsize
Vans
28.8
30.7
31.4
30.5
32.6
35.9
38.2
38.3
41.5
39.7
39.7
41.5
42.3
43.5
43. 6
44.2
44.8
45.0
45.1
45.0
45.0
47.0
46.8
47.7
48 .4
49.3
51.3
51.5
52.0
52.6
53.3
Large
Vans
26.4
28.0
32.2
31.2
28.6
37.6
38.2
37.0
37.0
36.6
36.3
40.8
39.8
41.3
40.7
40.7
41.4
43. 6
43.7
43.8
44.3
44.1
47.6
47.2
45.9
44.8
47.3
45.3
48.9
52.2
53.0
Small
SUVs
23 .3
24 .0
26.1
25.2
26.7
29.3
31.4
30.0
30.2
35.6
38 .0
38 .2
38 .3
37.9
39.4
39.1
38 .1
36.7
36. 6
37.1
36.3
41.4
39.8
41.9
43.0
42 .6
43 .9
44 .4
44 .6
43 .9
44.9
Midsize
SUVs
28. 6
31.5
33.8
32 .3
28 . 6
34. 1
36. 8
40. 1
41.5
39.5
40.3
39.9
39.7
39.5
39.7
39.1
41.7
40.9
41.4
41. 6
41.6
42.2
43.4
43.3
44.0
43.8
44.7
44.8
46.5
46.9
48 .0
Large
SUVs
28.9
31.2
33.7
32.8
29.3
37.3
39.3
52 .7
48.7
45.3
44.9
44.5
46.9
46.0
47.9
47.8
45.3
43.8
46.2
46.2
46.3
47.9
46.9
45. 6
45. 6
47.6
47.9
48.2
50.2
50.8
51.2
Small
Pickups
31.1
33.1
35.5
35.9
32.2
34.5
40.5
40.4
40.6
40.1
41. 6
40.9
40.9
40.1
40.0
41.2
41.8
41.2
42.7
42.0
41.5
41.4
41.7
42 .5
41.8
43.5
44.5
43.5
44.0
43.2
50.3
Midsize
Pickups
31. 6
34.9
44.5
44.4
39.2
38.6
39.0
39.5
40.3
40 .1
39.7
40 .4
40 .4
40.8
40.9
41.4
41.5
41.9
42.0
43.9
45.5
46.0
45.8
45.1
42 .9
43.1
42.1
42.7
44.3
44.5
45.2
Large
Picku;
28 .3
30 .5
32.7
32.3
32.7
37.6
38.8
40.1
39.4
38.6
38.4
39.3
39.0
40.2
40.3
40.8
41.1
42.0
42. 6
42.5
42.2
43.1
45.4
44.6
45.9
45.1
45.5
46.7
47.1
48.7
49. 6
N-20D
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA420-R-05-001
July 2005
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2005
Appendix O: Fuel Economy by Marketing Group,
Vehicle Type, and Weight Class
Robert M. Heavenrich D
Advanced Technology DivisionD
Office of Transportation and Air Quality D
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency D
NOTICED
This Technical Report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. D
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. D
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate an exchange q/D
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments. D
-------
Table O-l
YEAR
Appendix O
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 GM Cars
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
57.
55.
56.
51.
59.
65.
65.
65.
65.
65.
4
9
8
6
4
3
3
3
3
8
46
41
45
50
48
47
50
48
53
52
54
53
50
50
. 1
.8
.0
.8
.7
.7
. 1
.9
.7
.3
.4
.6
.3
.8
27.1
29.6
31.1
31.3
33.1
30.3
32.3
34.5
34.7
35.7
40.3
40.3
39.5
40.0
39.7
36.7
36.6
38.6
35.9
36.6
39.5
37.3
37.9
38.9
38.4
38.0
37.7
21
27
26
27
28
27
29
32
32
33
33
34
33
34
33
34
36
34
35
35
36
37
36
37
36
36
36
36
.6
.1
.6
. 7
.6
.1
.3
.3
.8
.3
.4
.2
.9
.6
.2
.8
.2
.6
.3
.2
.4
.1
.9
.1
.7
.3
.2
. 7
27
26
28
26
27
28
30
30
31
30
31
31
31
32
31
31
31
32
33
33
33
33
34
34
34
34
33
34
34
.0
.9
.6
.1
.3
.8
.1
.9
.0
.2
.4
.9
.8
.0
.4
.6
.4
.2
.0
.3
.0
.5
.4
.4
.6
. 7
.4
.5
.5
22.4
23.5
25.3
25.9
25.6
23.9
25.2
27.2
26.5
26.5
27.3
27.7
28.4
28.6
28.2
28.4
27.7
27.8
28.1
29.2
29.8
30.4
30.4
30.1
30.4
30.4
30.8
30.5
31.9
32.1
32.9
19.4
20.4
20.7
20.3
20.2
20.9
22.5
22.4
22.6
22.5
23.3
24.4
24.5
25.7
25.2
25.7
25.3
25.1
25.8
25.6
25.9
26.3
26.6
26.4
26.5
26.9
27.5
27.9
28.2
28.7
28.8
16
17
18
18
17
19
20
20
20
20
22
23
22
22
23
22
23
22
22
23
23
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
.6
.9
.0
.0
.6
.0
.8
.8
.4
. 7
.4
.0
.5
.9
.1
.6
.1
.8
.8
.1
.3
.2
.1
.0
.3
.1
.4
.5
.6
.5
.6
15
16
17
16
17
19
20
25
20
20
26
22
22
20
22
22
22
22
22
23
21
.0 13
.3 14
.0 14
.3 14
.0 18
.0 13
.5 12
.6 11
.3 11
.8 11
.2
.9
.4
.5
.0
.7
.5
.9
.8
.2
.4
.9 12
.8 13
.7 13
.7 12
.9 11
.2
.3
.8
.8
.8
17
18
18
18
19
17
18
20
20
.6
.4
.3
.4
.2
.6
.3
.6
.2
.5
.2
.3
.0
.1
17. 6
19.3
18.3
18.2
18.6
18. 8
19.0
15.2
16.7
17.9
19.2
19.4
22.1
23.4
24.6
23.7
24.5
25.7
27.2
27.4
28.3
27.6
27.4
27.2
26.8
27.4
27.5
27.4
28.2
28.1
27.6
27.4
27.6
28.1
28.5
28.4
29.0
28.9
0-1D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-2
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 GM Wagons
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
25,
28,
29,
27,
28,
26,
29,
32,
32,
33,
34,
33,
32,
32,
35,
35,
37,
38,
33,
33,
33,
.5
.0
.9
.5
.1
.7
. 7
.6
.5
. 7
.0
.1
.2
.9
.9
.8
.8
.0
.8
.9
.7
24
28
29
30
29
29
30
31
31
29
30
30
31
32
33
33
33
34
34
34
34
33
.9
.3
.1
.2
.9
.7
.4
.2
.4
.8
. 7
.5
.1
.4
.3
.5
.5
.0
.6
.4
.0
.8
22.
23.
25.
26.
26.
28.
29.
29.
29.
28.
28.
28.
29.
29.
29.
29.
29.
28.
28.
29.
29.
29.
29.
29.
32.
34.
34.
34.
5
2
4
3
0
5
2
4
0
0
7
5
3
6
7
5
1
5
8
8
7
4
5
5
1
4
9
4
20
20
21
21
22
23
23
24
25
25
27
26
26
26
26
27
26
27
26
27
27
27
27
28
27
27
28
28
.8
.8
.4
.8
.8
.3
.0
.1
.1
.5
.3
.6
.5
.2
.8
.0
.5
.3
.8
.1
.2
.2
.7
.2
.6
.7
.2
.5
18.
18.
20.
21.
21.
19.
26.
25.
27.
27.
27.
27.
25.
2
5
1
9
6
8
3
7
4
2
2
2
3
14
15
17
16
16
19
20
19
19
19
21
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
23
.6 13.6 12.2
.3 14.8 13.6
.0 14.9
.3 22.0
.0
.5
.4
.0
.5
.9
.0
.0
.3
.9
.4
.8
.8
.7
.5
.9
.8
.2
All
15.0
15.9
17.5
18.5
18.5
21.4
23.2
23.1
23.9
24.8
25.4
26.
26.
27.
26.
26.7
26.4
26.6
27.5
27.3
27.9
27.5
28.9
29.1
1
3
.3
6
28.
28.
28.
27.6
30.4
29.6
29.7
0-2D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-3
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 GM Cars and Wagons
YEAR 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
57.
55.
56.
51.
59.
65.
65.
65.
65.
65.
4
9
8
6
4
3
3
3
3
8
46.1
41.8
45.0
50.8
48.7
47.7
50.1
48.9
53.7
52.3
54.4
53.6
50.3
50.8
27.1
29.6
31.1
31.3
33.1
30.3
32.3
34.5
34.7
35.7
40.3
40.3
39.5
40.0
39.7
36.7
36.6
38.6
35.9
36.6
39.5
37.3
37.9
38.9
38.4
38.0
37.7
22
27
28
27
28
27
29
32
32
33
33
34
33
34
33
34
36
34
35
35
36
37
36
37
36
36
36
36
.6
.5
.3
.6
.5
.0
.4
.3
. 7
.3
.4
.1
.9
.6
.2
.8
.2
.6
.3
.2
.4
.1
.9
.0
.6
.3
.2
. 7
25
26
28
26
27
28
29
30
30
30
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
32
33
33
33
33
34
34
34
34
33
34
34
.8
.9
.6
.1
.3
.7
.8
. 7
.7
.1
.2
.8
.8
.9
.4
.5
.4
.2
.0
.3
.0
.6
.4
.4
.6
. 7
.4
.5
.5
22.4
23.4
25.4
25.9
25.6
23.9
25.2
27.2
26.5
26.6
27.3
27.7
28.4
28.6
28.2
28.4
27.8
27.9
28.1
29.2
29.8
30.4
30.4
30.1
30.3
30.3
30.8
30.5
32.3
32.3
33.0
19.4
20.4
20.7
20.3
20.3
20.9
22.4
22.5
22.7
22.5
23.4
24.4
24.6
25.8
25.2
25.8
25.4
25.2
25.9
25.7
25.9
26.4
26.6
26.4
26.5
26.9
27.5
27.9
28.2
28.6
28.8
16
17
18
18
17
19
20
20
20
20
22
23
22
22
23
22
23
22
22
23
23
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
.6
.9
.0
.1
.7
.1
.9
.8
.4
. 7
.4
.0
.5
.9
.1
.6
.1
.8
.8
.1
.3
.2
.1
.0
.3
.1
.6
. 7
.8
.7
.6
15
16
17
16
16
19
20
21
19
20
21
22
22
22
22
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
21
.0 13
.3 14
.0 14
.3 15
.8 18
.1 13
.5 12
.0 11
.8 11
.2 11
.0
.0
.3
.9
.4
.3
.4
.7
.5
.9
.8
.2
.4
.9 12
.8 13
.8 13
.3 12
.9 11
.2
.3
.8
.8
.8
17
18
18
18
19
17
18
20
20
.5
.5
.3
.4
.2
.6
.3
.6
.2
.5
.2
.3
.0
.1
17. 6
19.3
18.3
18.2
18.6
18. 8
19.0
All
15.2
16.7
17.9
19.2
19.3
22.0
23.4
24.4
23.7
24.6
25.7
27.1
27.3
28.2
27.5
27.3
27.2
26.8
27.4
27.5
27.4
28.1
28.2
27.6
27.5
27.7
28.1
28.5
28.6
29.1
28.9
0-3D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-4
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 GM Vans
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
All
23.9
26.4
24.7
25.5
24.4
23.5
23.7
23.7
23.7
23.7
23.7
28.1
24.9
27.0
26.9
15.
15.
16.
16.
18.
18.
19.
19.
19.
20.
21.
21.
21.
21.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
23.
23.
23.
24.
24.
25.
25.
25.
25.
24.
3
1
6
4
6
5
3
6
7
0
8
4
7
9
2
6
9
5
5
7
8
8
8
8
2
4
3
2
4
2
2
12
12
13
12
14
16
17
17
18
18
16
17
17
17
17
19
19
19
20
20
19
21
21
21
20
20
21
20
21
20
23
.4
.6
.4
.8
.5
.0
. 7
.7
.5
.1
.7
.3
.4
.9
.9
.2
.5
.8
.0
.0
.5
.1
.2
.4
.9
.9
.1
.5
.8
.7
.2
12.
12.
13.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
19.
17.
16.
17.
17.
18.
17.
18.
17.
19.
19.
19.
18.
18.
19.
18.
18.
18.
18.
17.
19.
19.
19.
7
6
3
4
3
3
8
0
7
3
8
0
4
1
6
3
4
2
1
1
5
7
2
6
4
5
4
8
0
1
5
11
12
11
20
17
13
13
17
17
17
17
17
16
16
17
17
17
18
18
17
17
17
18
19
18
19
.1
.8
.9
.1
.3
.9
.9
.0
.3
.5
.3
.2
.7
.9
.2
.7
.6
.4
.0
.9
.4
.8
.1
.0
.6
.6
11.
11.
13.
12.
11.
21.
23.
22.
21.
21.
21.
20.
20.
21.
20.
20.
17.
18.
19.
18.
1
9
0
5
9
3
1
9
7
3
5
4
1
3
6
4
3
5
7
5
10.6 14.4
11.5 14.0
12.3 15.0
11.7 14.1
14.7
16.7
18.0
17.9
18.9
18.2
18.7
19.4
19.8
20.2
20.2
20.7
20.8
20.8
20.7
21.0
20.6
21.5
21.9
22.2
22.0
22.1
22.9
22.3
23.2
22.1
21.9
0-4D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-5
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 GM SUVs
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
All
25.7
25.2
25.2
25.2 24.8
25.2 24.8
28.8
28.8
33.1
33.1
33.3
33.4 31
31
31
30
29
29
29
29
28
28
.3
.9
.2
.0
.4
.4
. 7
.3
.4
.5
29.
28.
28.
29.
29.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
31.
31.
31.
3
7
9
0
0
6
4
3
4
5
0
1
0
25.
28.
27.
29.
28.
28.
27.
27.
27.
27.
28.
28.
28.
30.
28.
23.
8
3
2
0
4
0
9
8
6
4
3
3
4
0
2
5
14.3
16.6
24.5
23.3
23.4
22.4
22.5
23.1
22.9
22.3
23.1
22.6
22.9
22.1
26.6
25.6
25.6
25.3
26.3
26.7
26.7
28.1
15
17
18
17
19
22
22
22
20
20
21
21
20
21
20
21
20
20
22
21
21
21
21
22
22
23
23
24
.6
.3
.0
.6
.3
.0
.1
.0
.3
.7
.2
.5
.6
.1
.3
.8
.9
. 7
.0
.5
.6
.4
.6
.7
. 7
.2
.7
.4
14
14
15
15
12
16
17
18
18
20
21
21
21
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
21
21
.0
.8
.9
.1
.3
.4
.2
.9
.9
.3
.0
.3
.0
.9
.2
.5
.8
.1
.6
.8
.3
.3
11.2
12.7
12.9
12.6
11.7
14.6
16.4
17.1
17.0
17.1
17.0
17.1
16.6
16.5
16.8
16.6
16.5
16.1
16.9
16.9
17.7
18.4
19.1
18.1
18.0
17.2
19.5
19.6
20.0
19.8
10.2
11.4
11.5
11.6
10.6
13.8
14.1
21.2
20.2
17.9
16.1
15.7
16.8
16.5
17.5
17.3
17.2
16.3
16.8
16.8
16.9
17.4
17.8
17.4
17.8
18.2
18.4
18.7
18.9
18.9
19.1
10.
11.
11.
11.
13.
21.
20.
21.
21.
22.
20.
18.
15.
16.
15.
14.
15.
16.
15.
16.
16.
16.
16.
17.
18.
17.
18.
18.
3
9
9
4
4
2
8
0
4
1
9
3
8
0
7 20
9
8
1
7
8
7
8
8
0
0
7
0
5
11.8
13.1
14.7
14.0
11.3
14.9
16.3
19.5
20.8
20.6
20.8
20.6
21.2
21.5
20.9
20.3
.2 21.2
20.2
20.4
20.4
20.1
20.4
19.9
21.2
20.7
20.3
20.2
20.2
20.0
20.0
21.0
0-5D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-6
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 GM Pickups
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
All
22.3
25.0
25.1 24.3
27.2 27.0 25.0
25.0 27.5 27.4 23.4
25.2 26.0 27.7 24.6
25.2 28.4 28.5 30.0
24.8 29.8 29.9 26.0
24.8 29.6 32.2 26.7
28.8 29.9 31.1 25.5
29.6 31.0 26.1
30.0 30.2 26.7
29.8 30.0 26.6
28.3
27.9
27.4
26.9
26.2
25.4
28.1
27.2
31.3
31.3
15
15
16
18
19
19
21
21
24
23
23
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
25
26
28
27
27
27
25
24
22
25
24
25
.0
.8
.5
.1
.8
.9
.4
.0
.0
.3
.1
.0
.1
.8
.7
.5
.5
.3
.6
.2
.5
.3
.6
.8
.1
.5
.8
.4
.3
.3
.4
15.
15.
16.
15.
17.
18.
19.
19.
19.
19.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
21.
21.
21.
21.
22.
22.
21.
21.
20.
20.
22.
23.
24.
24.
1
8
5
3
9
7
3
6
6
9
5
5
5
2
8
3
9
3
6
4
4
5
2
8
1
9
8
2
2
1
1
11
12
13
13
15
16
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
19
18
18
19
20
20
20
20
20
19
20
20
21
.3
.5
.4
.5
.0
.7
.0
.4
.2
.0
.3
.8
.7
.9
.8
.6
.2
.5
.2
.5
.5
.9
.5
.0
.4
.5
.8
.8
.2
.6
.7
11.0
11.9
13.1
12.7
13.7
16.8
18.2
20.6
19.1
18.0
17.1
17.0
16.5
17.0
16.8
17.0
16.6
16.8
17.1
17.0
16.9
18.1
18.8
17.8
18.7
18.9
19.4
18.9
19.0
19.7
20.2
10.5
11.8
11.8
12.0
12.1
13.5
22.4
22.1
21.9
21.1
21.1
21.1
16.9
19.2
18.6
17.6
16.4
17.1
17.4
17.5
18.1
17.6
17.4
16.9
16.4
16.3
17.9
17.4
18.4
18.7
12.
10.
9.
19.
19.
21.
20.
19.
18.
18.
18.
18.
19.
16.
17.
18.
18.
18.
7
9
9
6
6
2
5
5
1
1
7
7
0
9
9
0
6
6
14.3
14.6
15.2
11.8 14.8
15.5
12.0 18.6
20.2
21.9
21.4
20.8
20.5
20.9
21.3
20.4
20.5
19.2
21.4
20.3
20.2
20.0
20.2
21.3
20.5
21.1
19.8
20.8
20.4
19.1
20.1
19.9
11.9 20.7
0-6D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-7
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 GM Trucks
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
All
25.7
25.2
25.2
25.2
25.2
27
25.0 27
26
28
24.8 29
24.8 29
28.8 29
28.8 29
33.1 30
33.1 29
33.3
33.4 31
31
31
30
29
29
29
29
28
28
.2
.5
.0
.4
.8
.6
.9
.6
.0
.8
.3
.9
.2
.0
.4
.4
. 7
.3
.4
.5
22
25
25
27
27
27
28
29
32
31
31
30
30
29
28
28
29
29
28
28
28
28
28
31
31
31
.3
.0
.1
.0
.4
.7
.5
.9
.2
.1
.0
.2
.0
.3
.7
.9
.0
.0
.6
.4
.3
.4
.5
.0
.1
.0
24.3
25.0
23.4
24.6
30.0
26.0
26.7
25.6
26.1
26.7
26.6
28.3
27.9
27.4
26.9
26.3
25.7
28.0
27.6
27.8
27.7
27.4
28.3
28.3
28.4
30.0
28.2
23.5
15.0
15.8
16.5
18.1
19.8
19.9
21.4
21.0
24.1
23.3
23.3
22.4
22.3
22.9
22.8
22.5
23.4
23.2
23.5
24.7
26.5
28.3
27.5
27.6
26.5
25.5
25.1
25.9
26.0
26.5
27.5
15
15
16
15
18
18
19
19
20
21
21
20
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
24
24
24
.2
. 7
.5
.5
.0
.6
.3
.6
.4
.0
.6
.8
.2
.2
.5
.2
.4
.2
.9
.6
.6
.6
. 7
.6
.7
.9
.3
.6
.4
.4
.3
11
12
13
13
14
16
17
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
22
.9
. 7
.9
.6
.9
.5
.9
.2
.3
.0
.1
.6
.6
.9
.8
.3
.8
.1
.6
.6
.6
.5
.9
.8
.5
.7
.4
.4
.7
.1
.0
11.2
12.3
13.1
12.6
13.1
16.1
17.2
19.3
18.5
17.5
17.0
17.1
16.7
17.0
16.8
17.0
16.6
17.1
17.3
17.2
17.1
18.2
18.9
18.0
18.5
18.8
19.3
18.9
19.2
19.8
20.0
10.5
11.7
11.7
12.0
11.4
13.6
14.1
21.7
20.7
18.7
16.7
16.1
16.9
16.6
17.6
17.4
17.2
16.3
16.8
16.9
16.9
17.5
17 .7
17.4
17.6
18.1
18.3
18.6
18.7
18.7
19.0
10.
11.
12.
11.
10.
12.
21.
20.
21.
21.
22.
21.
18.
15.
16.
15.
14.
15.
16.
15.
16.
16.
18.
16.
16.
17.
18.
17.
18.
18.
9
9
4
8
9
9
1
8
0
4
2
2
7
8
0
8
9
8
2
8
8
7
0
9
8
0
0
8
1
5
10.6 14.1
11.5 14.3
12.3 15.1
11.7 14.6
14.7
12.0 18.0
19.6
21.1
20.8
20.2
20.2
20.4
20.9
20.6
20.6
19.8
20.2 21.2
20.4
20.4
20.3
20.2
20.9
20.5
21.3
20.5
20.8
20.6
20.0
20.4
20.2
11.9 21.0
0-7D
-------
Table O-E
YEAR
Appendix O
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 GM All
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
25
25
25
25
25
57.4
55. 9
56.8 46
51.6 41
59.4 45
65.3 50
65.3 48
65.3 47
65.3 50
65.8 48
53
52
54
53
50
50
.7
.2
.2
.2
.2
. 1
.8
.0
.8
.7
.7
. 1
.9
.7
.3
.4
.6
.3
.8
27.1
29.6
31.1
31.3
33.1
30.3
32.3
34.3
34.0
35.3
39.4
38.8
37.2
36.7
39.4
36.7
36.6
38.6
35.9
36.6
39.5
37.3
37.9
38.9
38.4
38.0
37.7
22
27
28
27
28
27
29
32
32
33
33
34
33
34
32
34
35
33
34
33
35
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
.6
.5
.3
.6
.4
.0
.3
.3
. 7
.2
.3
.1
.9
.6
.4
.1
.5
.7
.4
.8
.4
.8
.6
.4
.6
.3
.2
. 7
23.
25.
25.
27.
27.
26.
27.
28.
30.
30.
30.
30.
31.
31.
31.
31.
31.
31.
31.
31.
32.
32.
32.
33.
34.
34.
34.
34.
33.
34.
34.
3
3
2
0
4
3
5
8
0
7
7
1
1
8
8
8
3
4
3
8
4
5
8
4
4
4
6
7
4
5
5
22.4
23.4
25.3
25.8
24.9
23.9
25.4
26.9
26.5
26.5
27.2
27.6
28.2
28.6
28.2
28.3
27.6
27.6
27.7
29.1
29.6
30.2
30.3
30.0
30.2
30.2
30.6
30.5
32.1
32.3
33.0
18.0
18.9
19.8
20.3
20.3
20.9
22.4
22.4
22.8
22.6
23.4
24.2
24.3
25.4
24.9
25.6
25.0
25.0
25.6
25.5
26.0
26.6
26.7
26.6
26.5
26.7
27.1
27.6
27.7
28.4
28.6
15
17
17
17
17
19
20
20
20
20
22
21
21
21
21
21
22
21
22
22
22
23
23
23
23
24
24
24
25
25
25
.9
.0
.6
.4
.7
.0
.5
.6
.4
.8
.2
.8
.8
.6
. 7
.7
.2
.9
.3
.2
.4
.4
.3
.2
.4
.0
.5
. 7
.1
.1
.0
14
15
16
15
16
18
19
19
18
18
17
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
22
.7
.8
.5
.2
.0
.1
.4
.3
.9
. 7
.8
.4
.4
.6
.4
.6
.2
.7
.9
.9
.8
.8
.9
.8
.5
.7
.4
.4
.7
.1
.0
13.4
14.2
14.0
13.0
13.3
16.0
17.1
19.2
18.5
17.5
17.0
17.1
16.7
17.0
16.8
17.0
16.6
17.1
17.3
17.2
17.1
18.2
18.9
18.0
18.5
18.8
19.3
18.9
19.2
19.8
20.0
12.4
13.3
12.3
12.2
11.4
13.6
14.1
21.7
20.7
18.7
16.7
16.1
16.9
16.6
17.6
17.4
17.2
16.3
16.9
16.9
17.0
17.5
17 .7
17.4
17.6
18.1
18.3
18.6
18.7
18.7
19.0
10.
11.
12.
11.
10.
12.
21.
20.
21.
21.
22.
21.
18.
15.
16.
15.
14.
15.
16.
15.
16.
16.
18.
16.
16.
17.
18.
17.
18.
18.
9
9
4
8
9
9
1
8
0
4
2
2
7
8
0
8
9
9
2
8
8
7
0
9
8
0
0
8
1
5
10.6 14.9
11.5 16.1
12.3 17.3
11.7 18.0
18.1
12.0 21.4
22.8
23.8
23.1
23.6
24.2
25.3
25.5
25.5
24.9
24.6
20.2 24.9
24.3
24.5
24.2
24.0
25.0
24.5
24.6
23.9
24.1
24.1
23.4
23.3
23.6
11.9 24.0
0-8D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-9
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Ford Cars
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
29.2
37.3
32.1
29.8
38.5
45.7
41.4
44.4
43.8
44.7
44.9
24
25
31
33
30
31
33
35
35
37
37
35
35
33
33
37
37
37
37
41
41
39
42
.5
.7
.3
.9
.4
.7
.5
.3
.3
.1
.3
.3
.1
.1
.2
.8
.7
.7
.6
.1
.1
.8
.5
22.
21.
28.
22.
26.
30.
28.
31.
31.
33.
34.
33.
33.
33.
35.
34.
35.
32.
32.
31.
31.
31.
31.
1
5
1
5
4
0
5
1
8
7
3
9
6
7
5
4
5
9
8
0
7
1
1
20
24
25
25
24
24
29
29
30
29
30
30
30
31
31
32
32
32
32
33
34
35
34
33
34
33
33
32
31
29
28
.9
.5
.4
.3
.0
.5
.5
.4
.5
.2
.6
.5
.6
.9
.6
.2
.9
.4
.7
. 7
.9
.0
.4
.8
.0
.4
.1
.9
.5
.8
.4
21.4
24.4
23.2
22.2
21.9
23.4
23.0
22.8
23.2
25.8
27.6
27.3
26.7
27.3
27.9
27.9
26.5
27.6
28.3
28.5
30.5
29.5
30.2
30.5
30.4
31.9
32.6
31.7
32.2
31.9
32.8
17
18
19
19
19
20
20
21
22
23
23
24
24
25
25
25
25
26
26
26
26
26
25
26
26
26
25
26
26
26
26
.1
.8
.1
.6
.4
.1
.8
.6
.6
.3
.2
.5
.9
.4
.8
.8
.9
.3
.2
.1
.4
.0
.7
.1
.4
.3
.8
.5
.4
.0
.1
13
17
18
18
17
18
18
19
19
20
20
21
21
22
23
23
23
24
24
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
24
24
25
.6
.1
.3
.0
.8
.6
. 7
.8
.9
.0
.6
.7
.7
.6
.4
.5
. 7
.2
.2
.8
.4
.4
.3
.0
.4
.5
.7
.6
.0
.5
.5
13
15
16
16
16
18
12
11
11
10
10
10
10
16
17
17
17
15
15
17
21
22
19
19
20
21
22
23
22
23
.4
.0
.3
. 7
.1
.1
.0
.2
.2
.4
.4
.9
.9
.5
.0
.0
.0
.3
.9
.2
.4
.2
.6
.7
.3
.9
.3
.5
.5
.1
11.
14.
14.
14.
13.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
17.
17.
4
6
3
6
9
3
3
3
3
9
9
9
9
4
4
11.4
13.2
12.7
13.5
All
14.6
17.0
17.0
18.9
19.4
22.4
23.5
24.8
24.8
26.0
26.4
26.9
26.8
27.1
27.1
26.7
27.4
27.0
27.7
27.1
27.6
26.6
27.0
27.5
27.4
27.1
26.9
27.2
26.8
26.1
26.9
0-9D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-10
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Ford Wagons
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
33.7
34.6
34.5
33.4
31.3
31.3
31.3
24,
28,
30,
31,
28,
30,
31,
30,
32,
33,
32,
34,
33,
33,
36,
.5
.4
.9
.4
.7
.1
.3
. 7
.4
.2
.9
.1
.7
.8
.1
15
21
41
41
36
32
32
31
32
34
35
34
35
34
33
34
33
34
.9
.3
.1
.1
.6
.4
.3
.3
.5
.2
.1
.6
.8
. 7
. 7
.4
.8
.4
21.
25.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
26.
25.
33.
32.
31.
31.
31.
33.
5
3
3
5
3
9
4
8
8
3
9
6
7
4
0
18
19
19
19
19
20
20
22
24
24
24
25
25
24
24
24
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
27
29
28
28
26
26
.9
.0
.3
.3
.5
.9
.9
.1
.1
.7
.6
.3
.0
.9
.8
.8
.0
.4
.4
.1
.2
.3
.3
.4
.8
.4
.3
.7
.8
.1
.5
14
14
15
14
18
18
18
19
19
19
20
21
21
22
22
22
23
23
25
24
24
25
24
24
25
25
25
25
.5 13.3 11.1
.5 13.9 15.0
.7 14.6 14.4
.8 13.6 15.2
.3 16.0
.9 18.0
.8 17.2
.9
.8
.9
.7
.6
.6
.6
.8
.5
.5
.5
.1
.9
.5
.0
.7
.0
. 7
.3
.1
.2
11.0
13.6
12.7
13.5
All
14.4
6
6
.5
16.
16.
18.
19.9
22.8
25.1
25.3
25.8
26.1
26.8
27.0
26.5
26.5
25.8
25.3
28.6
28.3
31.0
30.8
30.8
27.5
29.2
27.6
27.2
27.6
26.9
27.8
27.9
27.3
27.5
o-i on
-------
Appendix O
Table O-ll
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Ford Cars and Wagons
YEAR 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
29.2
37.3
32.1
29.8
38.5
45.7
41.4
44.4
43.8
44.7
44.9
24
25
31
33
30
32
33
35
35
37
37
35
35
33
33
37
37
37
37
41
41
39
42
.5
.7
.3
.9
.4
.0
.5
.3
.3
.1
.3
.3
.1
.1
.2
.8
.7
.7
.6
.1
.1
.8
.5
23
22
29
22
31
28
28
30
29
31
32
33
34
33
33
33
35
34
35
32
32
31
31
31
31
.0
.0
.9
.5
.4
.7
.5
.3
.1
.4
.0
.5
.3
.9
.6
.7
.5
.4
.5
.9
.8
.0
. 7
.1
.1
19
24
25
25
24
24
29
29
30
29
30
30
30
31
31
32
33
32
33
34
34
34
34
33
34
33
33
32
31
29
28
.6
.2
.4
.3
.0
.5
.5
.4
.5
.3
.6
.6
.7
.9
.6
.2
.1
.8
.3
.2
.8
. 7
.4
.8
.1
.4
.1
.9
.5
.8
.4
21.4
24.6
23.2
22.3
22.1
23.5
23.0
22.8
23.2
25.8
27.6
27.3
26.7
27.3
27.9
27.9
26.5
27.6
28.3
28.5
30.5
29.5
30.2
30.5
30.4
32.0
32.7
31.7
32.1
31.9
32.8
17
18
19
19
19
20
20
21
22
23
23
24
24
25
25
25
25
26
26
26
26
26
25
26
26
26
25
26
26
26
26
.2
.8
.2
.5
.4
.2
.8
.7
.8
.5
.4
.7
.9
.3
.6
.6
.9
.3
.2
.1
.4
.0
.7
.1
.4
.4
.9
.5
.5
.0
.1
13
17
18
17
17
18
18
19
19
20
20
21
21
22
23
23
23
24
24
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
24
24
24
25
.6
.1
.3
.9
.9
.6
. 7
.8
.9
.0
.6
.7
.7
.6
.4
.5
. 7
.2
.2
.8
.4
.6
.5
.2
.6
.6
.7
.0
.3
.7
.5
13
14
16
16
16
18
17
12
11
11
10
10
10
10
16
17
17
17
15
15
17
21
22
19
19
20
21
22
23
22
23
.4
.9
.2
. 7
.1
.1
.2
.0
.2
.2
.4
.4
.9
.9
.5
.0
.0
.0
.3
.9
.2
.4
.2
.6
.7
.3
.9
.3
.5
.5
.1
11.
14.
14.
14.
13.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
17.
17.
4
7
3
7
9
3
3
3
3
9
9
9
9
4
4
11.3
13.3
12.7
13.5
All
14.6
17.0
16.9
18.8
19.5
22.5
23.8
24.8
24.9
26.1
26.5
26.9
26.8
27.0
27.0
26.6
27.5
27.1
28.0
27.4
27.9
26.7
27.2
27.5
27.4
27.
26.
27.
26.
26.2
26.9
0-1 ID
-------
Appendix O
Table O-12
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Ford Vans
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
All
29.0 23
30.9 23
22
22
22
23
23
23
23
23
23
22
.3
.3
.5
.7
.9
.2
.9
.7
.7
.4
.5
.3
13.
13.
16.
15.
15.
19.
19.
19.
18.
18.
18.
21.
21.
21.
22.
21.
21.
21.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
23.
22.
23.
22.
23.
23.
23.
25.
0
4
0
4
6
7
9
3
8
8
9
4
9
8
1
1
3
7
4
1
8
8
4
3
8
0
8
0
7
7
6
11
13
14
13
12
17
16
16
16
15
15
18
17
18
17
17
18
19
19
20
19
19
19
19
22
22
22
23
22
23
.5
.5
.0
.8
.4
.1
.9
.1
.2
. 7
.5
.3
.8
.4
.8
.9
.0
.6
.9
.0
.4
.8
.3
.2
.2
.4
.9
.2
.1
.4
11.1
11.4
11.7
11.9
11.1
14.6
14.6
14.8
15.0
14.8
15.0
16.0
15.8
16.7
16.5
16.3
16.6
17.3
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.1
19.0
19.3
18.1
18.5
19.6
19.1
19.1
19.0
19.2
11
12
13
13
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
14
15
16
16
16
16
15
17
17
17
18
17
17
17
19
19
.0
.4
.4
.4
.1
.1
.3
.8
.6
.6
.6
.2
.0
.0
.0
.1
.2
.8
.2
.4
.4
.0
.4
.8
.3
.5
.0
10.
10.
14.
15.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
17.
17.
16.
6
9
8
5
0
1
4
4
1
2
0
1
4
9
12.6
13.4
15.5
15.0
12.1
16.2
16.8
16.2
16.3
16.6
16.2
19.7
19.6
19.4
20.0
19.5
19.9
19.9
20.9
20.0
21.6
21.4
20.7
22.3
20.9
14.2 21.8
18.5
22.1
22.4
21.5
23.5
0-12 D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-13
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Ford SUVs
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
23.6
23.2
22.6
All
16.8
17.8
18.6
18.1
20.8
15.
16.
16.
17.
19.
20.
20.
20.
22.
24.
24.
22.
4
8
8
2
7
9
2
5
6
2
0
8
15
16
17
21
21
21
22
22
23
23
24
24
24
24
25
.6
.3
.2
.0
.3
.6
.1
.2
.1
.2
.1
.4
.3
.3
.7
13.
13.
14.
14.
16.
17.
17.
20.
20.
16.
19.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
20.
21.
22.
20.
21.
21.
20.
21.
21.
21.
22.
23.
2
7
7
5
8
0
3
5
3
7
1
8
9
1
2
6
9
6
3
9
2
4
9
2
0
2
1
9
12
12
13
13
13
13
15
15
15
15
15
15
14
17
15
16
20
19
20
20
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
19
20
20
19
.3
.9
.7
.6
.1
.8
.8
.4
.9
.2
.5
.7
.1
.1
.8
.5
.1
.9
.1
.0
.8
.8
.3
.4
.4
.6
.9
.6
.0
.4
.7
10.
13.
14.
13.
11.
13.
13.
13.
13.
14.
14.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
17.
16.
16.
18.
18.
17.
18.
16.
18.
18.
18.
18.
6
7
5
2
0
1
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
1
2
3
0
8
5
0 16.9
1 16.8 16.0
4 17.2 16.4
5 17.3 16.2
8 15. 6
6 17.3 15.9
7 17.6 16.9
7 19.5 17.2
6 19.0 18.1
14.5
15.0
15.8
15.0
13.7
15.9
17.2
17.1
17.4
19.1
19.3
20.0
20.6
20.1
19.2
18.6
20.1
20.0
20.1
20.0
19.4
19.5
18.7
18.7
18.7
18.8
21.2
20.1
19.5
20.1
20.0
0-13D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-14
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Ford Pickups
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
30.2
28.9
29.6
28.5
29.4
28.6
28.8
29.0
20.
22.
29.
29.
26.
26.
26.
27.
25.
26.
25.
27.
27.
27.
27.
28.
28.
28.
28.
29.
7
4
1
3
6
3
7
5
7
6
7
2
0
4
8
9
7
1
8
8
14.2
17.5
20.7
19.6
18.4
17.5
21.6
22.2
21.6
21.9
22.9
23.1
23.3
22.6
23.5
23.2
24.4
26.0
25.6
25.7
26.9
26.3
27.2
25.2
24.1
24.4
24.2
24.8
26.2
25.4
25.5
12
14
17
17
15
18
19
18
17
18
18
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
20
22
21
21
21
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
.7
. 7
.1
.1
.4
.9
.2
.3
.9
.2
.4
.0
.2
.6
.2
.2
.2
.3
.7
.9
.0
.8
.6
.2
.5
.8
.4
.4
.1
.3
.3
11
12
14
13
13
14
15
14
15
15
16
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
18
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
19
.8
.6
.0
.9
.4
.6
.0
.3
.6
. 7
.4
.5
.1
.9
.2
.6
.4
.5
.1
.1
.0
.4
.0
.1
.1
.1
.4
.3
.6
.0
.7
10.9
11.5
12.7
12.9
11.0
13.3
13.6
14.2
13.6
14.7
13.3
15.3
15.9
15.6
16.0
15.9
16.2
16.9
17.0
17.5
17.4
17.1
18.4
18.0
17.9
18.4
18.6
18.8
18.8
19.1
19.7
9.
10.
12.
12.
9.
12.
13.
15.
16.
16.
15.
16.
17.
17.
17.
19.
18.
3
8
0
4
5
5
3
6
4
6
9
6
4
5
3
3
7
10. 9
15. 9
15.8
18. 0
18.2
All
12.
13.
16.0
15.9
14.8
18.1
19.5
18.9
21.0
20.9
20.3
21.7
22.1
21.6
21.1
21.3
21.4
20.8
21.3
21.7
20.5
21.4
21.2
21.0
20
20
19
20
20
20
19.7
0-14D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-15
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Ford Trucks
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
All
16.8 20.7
17.8 21.0
18.6 26.2
18.1 25.4
20.8 22.0
30.2 23.3
28.9 23.9
23.6 29.6 24.1
23.2 28.5 24.5
22.6 29.4 25.5
28.6 25.5
28.8 27.2
29.0 26.9
27.4
27.8
28.9
28.7
28.1
28.8
29.8
14
17
20
19
15
16
21
22
21
21
21
22
22
22
23
23
24
25
25
25
26
26
27
25
24
24
24
24
24
24
25
.2
.5
.7
.6
.7
.4
.4
.2
.6
.4
.6
.2
.6
.4
.3
.2
.3
.9
.5
.6
.8
.2
.0
.2
.1
.4
.1
.5
.9
.5
.6
12.
14.
16.
16.
15.
18.
19.
18.
18.
18.
18.
19.
20.
20.
21.
21.
21.
21.
22.
21.
22.
22.
21.
22.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
23.
8
2
6
4
4
9
2
4
0
3
5
7
6
7
7
0
1
5
1
4
7
7
9
3
2
2
0
0
5
7
2
11
12
13
13
13
14
15
15
15
15
16
17
17
17
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
.8
.8
.9
.9
.1
.9
.8
.4
.9
.6
.0
.5
.0
.9
.1
.5
.2
.1
.5
.5
.3
.3
.6
.7
.3
.6
.8
.2
.9
.5
.8
10.9
11.7
13.1
13.1
11.0
13.6
13.9
14.2
14.1
14.4
14.3
15.9
15.9
16.3
16.2
16.1
16.3
16.9
17.0
17.4
17.3
16.9
18.4
18.2
17.9
18.5
18.7
18.8
18.8
18.8
19.0
9.3
10.8
12.0
12.4
9.7
12.4
13.3
13.4
12.1
12.1
12.3
12.8
13.6
13.6
13.6
14.2
15.0
16.0
16.0
16.1
16.2
15.8
16.9
16.8
17.1
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.5
19.3
18.8
10.
10.
10.
14.
15.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
15.
15.
16.
17.
18.
9
6
9
8
5
0
1
4
0
4
2
8
9
9
4
2
12.8
13.9
15.9
15.6
14.2
17.4
18.8
18.0
19.6
19.8
19.3
20.9
21.2
20.9
20.5
20.4
20.7
20.4
20.9
20.9
20.7
20.8
20.2
20.3
19.9
14.2 20.1
20.2
20.3
20.1
20.3
20.3
0-15D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-16
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Ford All
YEAR 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
All
29.2
37.3
32.1
29.8
38.5
45.7
41.4
44.4
43.8
44.7
44.9
24.5
25.7
31.3
33.9
30.4
32.0
33.5
35.3
35.3
37.1
37.3
35.3
35.1
33.1
33.2
37.8
37 .7
37.7
37.6
41.1
41.1
39.8
42.5
23.0
22.0
29.9
22.5
31.4
28.7
28.5
30.1
28.8
31.3
32.0
33.5
34.3
33.9
33.6
33.7
35.5
34.4
35.5
32.9
32.8
31.0
31.7
31.1
31.1
18.1
20.8
23.1
22.8
23.9
24.5
29.3
29.5
28.9
29.3
30.4
30.4
30.5
31.9
31.6
32.2
33.1
32.8
33.3
34.2
34.8
34.7
34.4
33.8
34.1
33.4
33.1
32.9
31.5
29.8
28.4
21.3
23.9
24.0
22.7
22.1
23.5
23.1
23.0
23.7
25.6
26.5
27.3
26.8
27.4
27.8
28.1
27.0
27.6
28.4
28.6
30.5
29.5
30.2
30.5
30.4
32.0
32.7
31.7
32.1
31.9
32.8
17.2
18.8
19.2
19.5
19.1
20.0
20.9
21.7
22.7
22.9
22.9
23.7
23.9
24.5
25.1
25.0
25.5
26.2
26.0
25.9
26.5
26.1
26.1
25.8
25.8
25.9
25.3
25.8
25.9
25.4
26.0
13.1
15.6
17.4
16.5
16.5
18.8
19.0
19.1
19.1
19.3
19.8
20.7
21.2
21.9
22.7
22.5
22.4
23.1
23.1
22.7
23.0
23.2
22.8
22.6
22.3
22.4
22.4
22.6
22.6
23.1
24.4
12.7
13.9
15.3
15.8
14.9
15.7
15.9
15.4
15.9
15.6
16.0
17.5
17.0
17.9
18.1
18.4
19.2
19.1
19.5
19.5
19.3
19.3
19.6
19.7
20.3
20.6
20.8
20.2
21.5
21.0
21.4
11.3
14.1
14.1
14.2
12.2
13.6
13.9
14.2
14.1
14.4
14.3
15.9
15.9
16.3
16.2
16.1
16.3
16.9
17.0
17.4
17.3
16.9
18.4
18.2
17.9
18.5
18.7
18.8
18.8
18.8
19.0
11.1
13.0
12.6
13.0
9.7
12.4
13.3
13.4
12.1
12.1
12.3
12.8
13.6
13.6
13.6
14.2
15.0
16.0
16.0
16.1
16.2
15.8
16.9
16.8
17.1
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.5
19.3
18.8
10. 9
10. 6
10. 9
14.8
15.5
16. 0
16. 1
16.4
16. 0
16.4
16.2
15. 8
15. 9
16.9
17.4
18.2
14.1
16.0
16.6
17.7
17.6
20.9
22.1
22.6
22.8
23.6
23.9
24.3
24.3
24.7
24.5
24.1
24.5
23.9
24.8
24.1
24.3
23.6
23.1
23.1
22.9
14.2 23.0
22.7
22.7
22.4
22.4
22.8
0-16D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-17
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 DC Cars
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
37.6
38.8
41.7
41.7
42.8
44.8
34.
38.
35.
31.
34.
36.
35.
36.
40.
40.
39.
39.
42.
41.
41.
40.
2
6
9
3
1
5
4
1
4
7
6
7
6
8
8
0
23.
28.
29.
28.
28.
27.
29.
32.
34.
31.
31.
32.
30.
33.
36.
34.
35.
35.
36.
36.
35.
36.
38.
37.
37.
37.
37.
36.
7
6
5
7
1
4
6
6
0
5
7
1
7
0
3
3
6
4
9
0
7
1
8
9
1
9
1
8
22
24
22
30
25
25
26
28
30
29
29
29
29
30
30
31
31
32
31
32
31
31
31
31
31
32
32
35
35
37
37
.2
.5
.4
.0
.2
.8
.8
.8
.2
.0
.8
.8
.3
.3
.8
.7
.8
.1
.9
.4
.9
.1
.6
.8
.1
.8
.6
.1
.6
.1
.1
25.5
25.6
24.4
24.4
23.1
26.3
25.7
26.6
26.2
26.9
26.5
27.7
28.6
28.7
28.6
28.8
29.1
28.5
29.0
29.4
29.4
29.8
28.8
30.6
31.8
31.4
32.5
31.7
32.1
20.0
20.1
22.6
21.0
21.2
20.7
22.9
23.6
24.4
25.0
24.5
23.4
24.4
24.6
24.7
25.2
25.2
25.3
25.6
25.3
26.3
26.2
26.5
26.9
27.3
26.8
27.0
26.9
27.6
28.0
27.8
16.
17.
17.
17.
18.
18.
19.
21.
21.
20.
21.
20.
20.
20.
19.
22.
22.
23.
24.
23.
24.
24.
24.
26.
25.
25.
24.
24.
24.
24.
25.
3
7
2
5
1
0
6
2
0
9
6
9
7
1
4
4
3
1
0
6
3
3
3
5
1
2
8
6
3
6
5
12
14
14
15
16
16
17
17
18
19
20
22
22
22
21
22
21
22
22
20
21
22
.7
.1
.6
.4
.3
.8
.5
.8
.8
.8
.1
.2
.6
.0
.6
.1
.9
.2
.0
.5
.5
.6
13.
13.
13.
13.
17.
18.
20.
19.
19.
20.
20.
20.
19.
19.
17.
17.
7 12.6
5 12.4
1 12.1
2 11.0
3
9 15.6
0 16.1
8
9
2
2
1
2
1
0
1
All
15.0
16.2
16.3
19.2
21.2
23.5
27.0
27.4
27.7
27.5
27.5
27.8
27.3
27.9
27.6
27.4
27.3
27.2
27.7
26.
28.
27.
27.
16.2
16.2
28.4
27.3
27.5
27.3
27.1
27.3
27.8
27.1
0-17D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-18
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 DC Wagons
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
23,
25,
24,
31,
30,
26,
29,
30,
28,
33,
33,
32,
35.0 32,
36.2 31,
34.1 32,
.0
.5
.1
.1
.4
.6
.2
. 7
.9
.1
.8
.0
.8
.5
.3
25.
24.
24.
26.
24.
25.
26.
27.
27.
28.
27.
29.
27.
26.
7
4
3
2
8
6
9
9
6
5
7
2
7
1
18.
17.
18.
18.
18.
20.
29.
29.
29.
26.
26.
20.
21.
21.
21.
21.
26.0 24.
26.1 24.
26.1 25.
27.
26.
26.
27.0 26.
25.4 25.
25.6 25.
27.5 25.
27.7 26.
13.9 12.6
3 14.0 14.0 12.1
7 13.9 13.9 12.1
2 16.1 14.6
2 15.9
7
2
3
4
0
9
6
6
0
1
2
3
3
2
2
2
7
7
1
5
4
5 22.4 21.8
2 22.8 21.8
All
15.5
17.0
16.5
17.7
18.2
19.2
25.8
27.9
27.7
28.1
27.0
28.0
27.6
28.7
28.8
25.1
21.2
21.3
26.0
25.4
25.7
27.2
26.7
26.7
27.0
25.4
25.6
24.9
25.3
0-18 D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-19
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 DC Cars and Wagons
YEAR 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004 37.1 31.7 27.8 24.6 22.0 21.7 16.2
2005 37.1 32.1 27.8 25.7 22.7 21.6 16.2
37.6
38.8
41.7
41.7
42.8
44.8
34.
38.
35.
31.
34.
36.
35.
36.
40.
40.
39.
39.
42.
41.
41.
40.
2
6
9
3
1
5
4
1
4
7
6
7
6
8
8
0
23
28
29
28
28
27
29
32
34
31
31
32
30
33
36
34
35
35
36
36
35
36
38
37
37
37
37
36
.7
.6
.5
. 7
.1
.4
.6
.6
.0
.5
.7
.1
.7
.2
.3
.3
.6
.4
.9
.0
. 7
.1
.8
.9
.1
.9
.1
.8
23
24
22
30
25
25
26
28
30
29
29
29
29
30
30
31
31
32
31
32
31
31
31
31
31
32
32
35
35
37
37
.0
.8
.7
.1
.3
.8
. 7
.8
.2
.0
.8
.8
.3
.3
.8
.7
.8
.1
.9
.4
.9
.1
.6
.8
.1
.8
.6
.1
.6
.1
.1
25.5
25.6
24.4
24.3
23.1
26.3
25.5
26.6
26.3
27.0
26.6
27.7
28.5
28.7
28.6
28.8
29.0
28.5
29.0
29.4
29.4
29.8
28.8
30.6
31.8
31.4
32.5
31.7
32.1
20.0
20.1
22.6
21.0
21.2
20.7
22.9
23.6
24.4
25.0
24.5
23.4
24.4
24.6
24.7
25.2
25.2
25.3
25.6
25.3
26.3
26.2
26.5
26.9
27.3
26.8
27.0
26.5
27.1
27.8
27.8
16.
17.
17.
17.
18.
18.
19.
21.
21.
21.
21.
20.
20.
20.
19.
22.
22.
23.
24.
23.
24.
24.
24.
26.
25.
25.
24.
24.
24.
24.
25.
3
9
4
7
1
1
6
3
1
0
6
9
8
1
5
3
2
0
0
6
4
3
3
6
1
2
8
6
3
6
7
12
14
14
15
16
16
17
17
18
19
20
22
22
22
21
22
21
22
22
20
22
22
.7
.1
.6
.5
.3
.8
.5
.8
.8
.8
.1
.2
.6
.0
.6
.1
.9
.2
.0
.5
.0
.7
13.
13.
13.
13.
17.
18.
20.
19.
19.
20.
20.
20.
19.
19.
21.
21.
7 12.6
6 12.3
3 12.1
5 11.0
3
9 15.6
0 16.1
8
9
2
2
1
2
1
7
6
All
15.1
16.4
16.3
19.0
20.9
23.2
26.8
27.5
27.7
27.6
27.5
27.8
27.3
28.0
27.6
27.3
27.3
27.2
27.6
26.5
28.
27.
27.
28.
27.3
27.5
27.3
26.9
27.1
27.0
26.6
0-19 D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-20
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 DC Vans
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.3
25.1
25.8
26.5
26.8
27.4
26.3
25.6
26.2
28.3
28.5
28.4
27.7
27.7
18
19
19
19
18
19
20
23
23
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
24
25
25
.8
.5
.6
.2
.3
.9
.4
.9
.2
.1
.4
.6
.3
.3
.7
.8
.3
.7
.1
.9
14.
14.
15.
14.
15.
17.
17.
18.
18.
16.
17.
18.
21.
22.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
24.
23.
24.
23.
24.
24.
25.
26.
25.
25.
3
9
5
9
8
7
8
0
6
7
2
4
2
8
2
0
2
1
2
0
0
0
7
2
9
5
8
8
0
7
7
11
13
13
12
13
14
15
15
15
14
15
16
16
17
16
16
17
17
18
17
17
20
20
21
21
21
23
23
23
24
23
.5
.6
.3
.9
.7
.8
.6
.4
.9
. 7
.1
.5
.7
.4
.4
.9
.9
.0
.2
.9
.1
.5
.6
.8
.8
.7
.7
.6
.9
.1
.8
11.
11.
12.
12.
11.
12.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
15.
15.
15.
15.
16.
16.
15.
16.
16.
16.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
18.
17.
18.
22.
2
5
3
6
7
8
3
2
0
1
3
0
2
7
5
2
2
3
2
6
4
1
5
3
8
4
9
3
3
5
10.6
11.2
11.1
11.2
12.0
12.2
12.0
12.9
12.2
12.4
14.6
15.2
15.7
15.3
14.7
14.9
17.1
17.2
15.7
16.4
15.5
16.1
14.4
14. 0
16. 0
15. 8
16. 0
All
12.6
14.2
13.8
13.4
13.8
16.6
17.4
17.7
18.0
20.3
21.0
22.0
22.3
23.0
22.6
23.0
22.8
22.9
23.7
22.4
23.0
22.8
22.7
23.3
23.0
23.4
23.4
23.8
24.5
24.5
24.7
0-20D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-21
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 DC SUVs
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
22.
22.
22.
23.
22.
22.
22.
22.
24.
24.
8
2
2
3
6
7
4
4
5
3
21
21
21
22
21
20
20
20
19
19
19
19
19
20
21
20
21
20
20
21
25
24
23
.2
.4
.9
.0
.5
.3
.3
.5
.9
.6
.8
.8
.6
.0
.0
.5
.6
.4
.7
.8
.5
.7
.8
13
16
16
16
16
17
17
19
19
19
19
19
18
18
18
19
19
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
.7
.1
.4
.4
.6
.6
.3
.3
.7
.6
.3
.1
.5
.4
.9
.5
.9
.5
.5
.3
.3
.2
.4
.7
14
14
15
14
12
14
15
15
15
14
14
15
16
14
14
14
14
19
19
18
18
19
20
20
18
18
19
19
21
20
21
.1
.5
.3
.4
.4
.2
.1
.8
.2
.2
.9
.8
.4
.6
.5
.6
.4
.0
.1
.8
.8
.2
.0
.0
.8
.8
.6
.5
.1
.8
.5
12.
12.
13.
13.
14.
12.
14.
13.
13.
14.
13.
14.
14.
15.
15.
16.
17.
17.
16.
18.
19.
18.
18.
10.6
11.2
11.9
12.0
1
4
6
7
1
1
0
6
1
6
2
3
9
0
3
5
2
1 20.4
8 20.8
3
0 17.4
3 18.0
6 17.3
17.0
15. 9
15.1
All
13.0
13.6
14.0
13.5
12.5
13.8
15.0
15.1
15.5
13.6
15.0
15.6
17.8
19.3
19.3
19.9
19.5
19.9
19.5
19.2
19.3
19.3
20.0
19.3
19.3
19.5
19.5
19.5
21.0
20.7
20.5
0-2 ID
-------
Appendix O
Table O-22
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 DC Pickups
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
All
23.9
24.7
25.1 24.2
29.6 27.8 24.8
33.7 29.1 27.2
30.0 27.9 26.3
28.5 26.6
28.7 25.2
29.8 27.4
29.6 26.9
29.6 27.3
24.8
24.7
24.7
25.0
25.5
26.0
25.1
18
19
19
19
18
20
22
25
20
22
24
22
21
20
22
23
22
22
23
26
23
24
26
26
25
25
26
.7
.8
.9
.1
.2
.2
.5
.2
.9
.5
.2
.1
.7
.7
.8
.1
.9
.0
.5
.0
.2
.6
.8
.4
.7
.6
.0
13
15
15
15
16
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
18
19
18
19
19
19
19
20
20
19
20
20
20
21
20
20
21
21
.2
.4
.7
.3
.5
.0
.4
.6
.9
. 7
.2
.8
.6
.0
.2
.7
.3
.3
.5
. 7
.3
.9
.3
.9
.2
.3
.4
.8
.1
.5
12
13
13
13
12
14
15
15
15
14
15
14
15
16
15
16
16
17
17
18
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
20
20
.8
.1
.7
.3
.3
.1
.0
.4
.2
.2
.0
.9
.2
.1
.5
.0
.0
.3
.3
.1
.5
.6
.0
.6
.0
.9
.9
.2
.9
.2
.8
11.
12.
13.
13.
12.
13.
13.
13.
13.
14.
14.
14.
15.
15.
15.
15.
16.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
18.
18.
18.
18.
7
8
7
4
5
4
0
7
8
0
0
2
2
8
9
8
6
1
0
3
0
1
3
9
3
4
10
11
11
12
11
11
12
13
14
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
15
16
17
16
17
.8
.3
.9
.0
.7
.4
.4
.9
.2
.2
.1
.1
.0
.3 15.5
.2 16.2
.1 15. 8
.5 15. 8
.5 15.3
.1 16.1
.8 16. 1
.2 16.2
13.0
14.0
14.4
14.5
15.1
20.3
20.2
21.5
24.1
19.7
19.3
20.6
21.6
21.6
20.5
19.8
19.6
19.6
19.2
19.0
18.0
17.4
17.7
18.0
17.7
18.4
17.3
17.9
18.2
18.8
18.7
0-22D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-23
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 DC Trucks
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
All
23.9
24.7
25.1 24.2
29.6 27.8 24.8
33.7 29.1 27.2
30.0 28.4 25.7
28.6 26.0
28.8 26.0
29.8 27.2
29.6 26.5
29.6 25.5
23.7
25.0
25.0
24.2
23.5
22.9
24.7
24.3
18
19
19
19
18
20
21
24
23
23
24
23
22
22
22
21
21
22
22
22
20
21
21
21
20
21
21
25
24
23
.8
.7
.8
.1
.3
.1
.6
.9
.3
.2
.0
.5
.2
.0
.8
.3
.5
.6
.0
.6
.5
.1
.0
.9
.6
.0
.9
.5
.7
.8
14
15
15
15
16
17
18
18
18
17
17
17
19
21
21
22
22
22
20
21
20
21
21
21
22
22
21
21
22
22
23
.0
.2
.6
.2
.2
.9
.1
.3
.8
.2
.2
.9
.5
.8
.8
.2
.3
.3
.9
.1
.2
. 7
.6
.9
.0
.3
.2
. 7
.9
.0
.7
11
13
13
13
13
14
15
15
15
14
15
15
16
16
15
16
16
17
17
18
17
19
19
20
19
19
21
21
22
22
22
.9
.5
.6
.1
.0
.3
.3
.5
.5
.4
.0
.9
.2
.2
. 7
.2
.8
.4
.8
.1
.6
.5
.6
.1
.4
.7
.3
.0
.2
.7
.4
11.
11.
12.
12.
11.
12.
13.
13.
13.
12.
13.
13.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
15.
15.
16.
15.
16.
17.
16.
17.
17.
17.
18.
18.
18.
18.
2
5
3
6
8
7
4
6
6
3
7
9
0
5
0
7
9
2
8
0
8
6
1
8
3
1
1
2
9
4
5
10.7
11.3
11.9
12.0
10.6
11.2
11.1
11.2
12.0
12.2
12.0
12.9
12.2
12.4
12.4
14.6
14.7
15.3
15.1
15.1
16.0
16.3
16.3
17.8
16.5
16.5
17.1
17.6
17.3
14.4
15.5
16. 1
15. 8
15. 8
15.3
16.1
16. 0
16.0
12.7
14.1
14.1
13.9
14.4
18.9
18.9
19.7
21.7
19.4
19.9
21.1
21.6
21.6
21.1
21.5
21.2
21.5
21.3
20.6
20.1
20.2
20.2
20.1
19.9
20.4
19.6
20.0
21.0
21.1
21.2
0-23D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-24
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 DC All
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
All
37.6
38.8
41.7
41.7
42.8
44.8
34
38
35
31
34
36
35
36
40
40
39
39
42
41
41
40
.2
.6
.9
.3
.1
.5
.4
.1
.4
.7
.6
.7
.6
.8
.8
.0
23
28
29
28
28
27
29
32
34
31
31
32
30
33
36
34
35
35
36
36
35
36
38
37
37
37
37
36
.7
.6
.5
. 7
.1
.4
.6
.2
.0
.4
.7
.1
.7
.2
.3
.3
.6
.4
.9
.0
. 7
.1
.8
.9
.1
.9
.1
.8
23
24
22
30
24
24
26
28
30
28
29
29
29
30
30
31
31
32
31
32
31
31
31
31
31
32
32
35
35
37
37
.0
.8
.7
.1
.5
.7
.6
.8
.1
.9
.6
.6
.4
.2
. 7
.7
.8
.1
.9
.4
.9
.1
.6
.8
.1
.8
.6
.1
.6
.1
.1
25.5
25.6
24.4
24.3
23.5
26.0
25.8
26.5
26.3
26.9
26.7
27.6
28.1
28.0
28.3
28.2
28.5
27.8
26.7
29.2
29.4
29.8
28.8
30.6
31.8
31.4
32.5
31.7
32.1
19
20
22
20
21
20
22
22
24
23
23
23
23
22
23
23
23
23
24
23
24
23
24
25
26
25
26
26
27
27
27
.9
.0
.2
.8
.2
.6
.1
.4
.6
.3
.2
.9
.6
.7
.0
.9
.5
.4
.0
.5
.5
.9
.6
.3
.6
.4
.5
.4
.0
.6
.4
15
17
17
17
17
18
19
20
20
19
19
19
20
21
21
22
22
22
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
23
22
24
.2
.4
.2
.2
.7
.1
.1
.1
.1
.0
.7
.7
.2
.3
.4
.2
.3
.4
.1
.6
.0
.1
.1
.1
.6
.8
.0
.5
.2
.6
.4
12
13
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
14
15
16
16
16
15
16
16
17
17
18
18
19
19
20
19
19
21
21
22
22
22
.5
.9
.2
.3
.5
.3
.3
.5
.5
.4
.0
.0
.2
.2
. 7
.3
.9
.5
.9
.1
.0
.6
. 7
.2
.5
.9
.4
.1
.0
.6
.5
13.7
13.6
13.2
13.4
11.8
12.7
13.4
13.6
13.6
12.3
13.7
13.9
14.0
14.5
14.0
14.7
14.9
16.2
17.5
16.5
16.3
16.7
17.3
16.9
17.3
17.1
17.1
18.2
18.9
18.7
18.7
12.2
12.1
12.1
11.4
10.6
11.2
11.1
11.2
12.0
12.2
12.0
12.9
12.2
12.4
12.4
14.6
15.2
15.3
15.1
15.1
16.0
16.3
16.3
17.8
16.5
16.5
17.1
17.6
17.3
14.6
15.9
15.9
17.5
18.8
22.2
25.4
25.3
26.0
24.7
24.5
25.1
25.0
24.7
24.1
24.2
24.3
23.9
23.8
22.6
23.4
22.5
14.4 22.8
15.5 22.4
16.1 22.1
15.8 22.8
15.8 22.2
15.3 22.3
16.1 23.0
16.0 16.2 23.1
16.0 16.2 23.2
0-24D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-25
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Toyota Cars
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
37.0
44.0
43.8
47.4
47.2
41
39
31
34
36
35
37
38
39
38
41
38
37
38
36
37
37
38
40
40
40
40
40
43
43
43
45
45
45
.0
.0
.7
.1
.6
.3
.9
.4
.6
.6
.3
.5
.7
.3
.2
.1
.1
.3
.1
.0
.8
.3
.3
.1
.5
.4
.1
.4
.3
23
26
30
28
26
29
30
30
33
36
34
35
35
34
34
34
33
33
33
32
39
38
36
37
37
38
39
39
40
38
40
.9
.8
.2
.9
.6
.0
.0
.1
.6
.2
.8
.2
.6
.7
. 7
.7
.0
.4
.3
.5
.1
.4
.4
.5
.2
.4
.7
.5
.8
.6
.9
20
25
24
26
28
33
33
34
33
32
33
33
32
32
32
33
33
34
34
33
36
36
36
38
37
38
38
39
.8
.6
.5
.6
.4
.1
.2
.1
.2
.9
.1
.3
.2
.6
.4
.4
.2
.2
.1
.3
.6
.5
.1
.1
.9
.0
.5
.3
22.
23.
24.
21.
20.
23.
27.
26.
29.
29.
30.
31.
33.
32.
31.
31.
31.
29.
29.
29.
29.
28.
28.
28.
28.
30.
48.
53.
53.
64.
34.
6
4
6
4
8
2
4
9
0
2
4
2
1
1
9
3
0
3
0
9
1
8
4
5
6
1
9
6
2
9
8
24.
24.
24.
24.
23.
23.
24.
24.
24.
24.
26.
26.
26.
27.
27.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
29.
29.
29.
31.
3
6
3
1
6
6
6
6
4
6
3
6
5
4
1
1
7
7
6
6
3
5
0
0
23.2
23.1
23.3
23.0
23.4
23.2
23.0
23.1
23.4
23.9
24.9
24.7
24.4
24.8
24.5
24.0
24.0
24.0
26.8 23.9
26.8 23.8
All
21.2
25.0
28.8
27.0
23.9
27.4
31.1
30.5
31.7
32.8
32.1
32.3
33.0
32.7
31.9
30.4
30.6
28.9
28.9
29.0
30.0
29.5
29.8
30.2
30.4
30.5
31.3
30.7
32.2
30.7
32.9
0-25D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-26
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Toyota Wagons
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
24
26
29
29
26
28
29
29
38.7 34
34
38.5 35
33
32
35
35
35
35
35
.2
.2
.8
.0
.8
.9
.6
.8
. 7
.9
.4
.7
.8
.1
.0
.3
.5
.5
33
33
32
33
32
34
33
35
35
.0
.0
.9
.1
.7
.2
.8
.2
.3
20.
22.
24.
21.
20.
22.
26.
25.
32.
31.
31.
30.
30.
28.
8
5
4
5
6
8
8
9
7
6
0
7
7
7
25
25
24
23
23
24
24
24
24
25
25
27
27
27
.1
.1
.5
.8
.6
.6
.3
.3
.1
.2
.7
.4
.7
.1
23.9
26.8
26.5
All
22.8
24.6
27.8
25.5
24.9
27.4
29.1
29.3
34.8
33.9
35.1
32.1
32.6
31.5
30.6
29.9
30.8
28.9
29.7
29.5
30.8
30.6
35.2
37.6 34.0
38.3 35.7
35.2
34.8
36.3
0-26D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-27
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Toyota Cars and Wagons
YEAR 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
37.0
44.0
43.8
47.4
47.2
41
39
31
34
36
35
38
38
39
38
41
38
37
38
36
37
37
38
40
40
40
40
40
43
43
43
45
45
45
.0
.0
.7
.1
.6
.3
.0
.4
.6
.6
.3
.5
.7
.3
.2
.1
.1
.3
.1
.0
.8
.3
.3
.1
.5
.4
.1
.4
.3
24
26
30
28
26
29
29
30
34
35
35
35
35
34
34
34
33
33
33
32
39
38
36
37
37
38
39
39
40
38
40
.2
.6
.1
.9
.6
.0
.9
.0
.6
.9
.1
.0
.4
.7
. 7
.7
.0
.4
.3
.5
.1
.4
.4
.5
.2
.4
.7
.5
.8
.6
.9
20
25
24
26
28
33
33
34
33
32
33
33
32
32
32
33
33
34
34
33
36
36
36
38
37
38
38
39
.8
.6
.5
.6
.4
.1
.2
.1
.2
.9
.1
.3
.3
. 7
.4
.4
.2
.3
.1
.3
.6
.5
.1
.1
.9
.0
.3
.2
21.
23.
24.
21.
20.
23.
27.
26.
29.
29.
30.
31.
33.
32.
31.
31.
31.
29.
29.
29.
29.
28.
28.
28.
28.
30.
48.
53.
37.
39.
35.
1
3
5
4
8
1
4
8
0
2
4
2
0
0
8
3
0
3
0
9
1
8
4
5
6
1
9
6
1
6
1
24
24
24
24
23
23
24
24
24
24
26
26
26
27
27
28
28
28
28
28
29
29
29
31
.3
.6
.4
.1
.6
.6
.6
.5
.4
.6
.2
.6
.5
.5
.1
.1
.7
.7
.6
.6
.3
.5
.0
.0
23.2
23.1
23.3
23.0
23.4
23.2
23.0
23.1
23.4
24.1
25.0
24.7
24.4
24.8
24.5
24.0
24.0
24.0
26.8 23.9
26.8 23.8
All
22.0
25.0
28.7
26.8
24.0
27.4
30.9
30.4
32.6
32.9
32.8
32.3
32.9
32.7
31.8
30.4
30.6
28.9
29.0
29.1
30.0
29.5
29.8
30.2
30.4
30.5
31.3
30.7
32.4
31.1
33.1
0-27D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-28
YEAR
1975
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979 D
1980 D
1981 D
1982 D
1983 D
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990 D
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Toyota Vans
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
20.5
27.0
26.6
26.7
26.0
26.6
26.8
27.0
26.7
26.3
25.1 24
26.0 23
26.1 23
22
22
21
22
22
22
22
24
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
.3
.9
. 7
.9
.3
.9
.0
. 7
.6
.6
.2
.1
.1
.7
. 7
.7
.7
.1
21.6
22.1
21.4
21.4
All
20.5D
25.6
25.0
27.OD
26.6D
26.3D
25.5D
25.8D
25.9D
22.9D
22.3D
21.9D
22.OD
22.6D
22.4D
22.3D
24.2D
24.ID
24.ID
24.7D
24.7D
24.7D
25.6D
25.OD
0-28D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-29
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Toyota SUVs
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
30.9
All
29.
28.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
2
0
2
5
5
4
3
3
9
9
22
25
25
25
25
23
23
26
27
28
28
28
28
28
28
.1
.3
.7
.2
.6
.5
.1
.7
.8
.1
.3
.5
.6
.3
.3
12.
10.
13.
13.
13.
13.
14.
14.
14.
24.
23.
21.
21.
20.
21.
18.
18.
18.
21.
21.
20.
21.
22.
22.
23.
23.
23.
25.
25.
0
7
7
0
8
8
5
5
5
4
5
1
3
5
3
3
8
7
5
1
8
1
7
7
4
3
9
0
9
11.
12.
11.
13.
13.
14.
14.
14.
13.
13.
13.
13.
15.
15.
18.
19.
17.
17.
17.
17.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
22.
22.
6
7
5
3
3
1
1
1
5
5
7
7
4
4
7
1
5
5
6
5
9
9
5
5
6
8
7
14.
14.
15.
15.
16.
16.
16.
19.
19.
19.
9
5
6
5
7
7
7
3
3
7
17.4 17.
17.
17.
17.6 16.
18.1 16.
18.2 17.
18.0 17.
19.1 17.
1
1
1
5
5
0
0
0
12.0
10.9
13.6
12.7
13.8
13.8
14.3
14.2
14.1
17.3
21.1
23.3
22.7
20.3
19.7
19.5
18.5
17.0
17.4
17.4
18.5
22.7
22.9
22.9
22.7
22.4
22.5
22.6
22.4
22.9
23.0
0-29D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-30
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Toyota Pickups
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
21.3
22.3
27.4
24.9
19.7
22.7
27.0
26.6
27.6
26.2
31.0
29.9
29.8
26.9
26.5
26.0
28.2
20.
25.
19.
20.
26.
26.
25.
26.
27.
27.
27.
26.
27.
28.
27.
27.
28.
28.
27.
27.
27.
27.
26.
27.
27.
27.
27.
9
0
1
2
6
6
6
2
2
0
7
1
5
2
5
7
4
0
4
1
2
2
7
1
7
7
4
20
22
19
16
19
22
22
23
24
24
24
24
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
24
22
22
22
23
25
26
25
27
.5
.0
.8
.9
.4
.8
.8
.2
.2
.5
.3
.6
.6
.4
.9
.9
.1
.4
.4
.4
.2
.8
.5
.4
.5
.7
.6
.9
.0
17.
17.
17.
20.
19.
19.
18.
18.
19.
20.
21.
20.
20.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
23.
8
9
8
3
7
8
7
9
9
6
0
6
7
4
4
6
3
3
1
5
19,
19,
19,
19,
19,
19,
19,
19,
19,
21,
.8
.8
.0
.3
.2
.1
.1
.5
.6
.3
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
18.
18.
18.
18.
18.
19.
5
4
1
1
0
1
0
0
2
3 17.9
5 18.7
All
21.3
22.1
27.2
24.6
19.5
21.5
26.5
25.6
25.5
25.1
27.0
26.4
26.6
25.1
23.5
23.1
23.8
23.7
23.8
24.3
23.3
23.6
20.4
23.7
23.2
20.8
21.2
20.9
21.0
20.9
21.6
0-30D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-31
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Toyota Trucks
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
21.3
22.3
27.4
24.9
19.7
22.7
27.0
26.6
27.6
26.2
31.0
29.9
29.8
26.9
26.5
26.0
28.2
30.8
29.8
30.9
20.9
25.0
19.1
20.2
26.6
26.6
25.6
26.4
27.0
27.0
27.0
26.1
27.5
28.2
27.5
27.7
28.4
28.0
27.4
27.8
28.0
28.0
28.3
27.9
29.1
29.5
29.4
29.3
30.9
20
20
22
19
16
19
22
22
24
24
24
24
24
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
24
24
24
25
27
27
27
27
.5
.5
.0
.8
.9
.4
.8
.8
.2
.8
.9
.5
.7
.9
.4
.9
.9
.1
.4
.4
.4
.1
.5
.3
.1
.6
.3
.9
.1
.8
12
10
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
22
21
20
20
20
21
20
20
20
21
21
20
21
22
22
23
23
23
23
24
.0
. 7
.7
.0
.8
.8
.5
.5
.5
.0
.1
.1
. 7
.1
.8
.4
.0
.0
.2
.1
.8
.9
.7
.9
.2
.0
.0
.2
.5
11.
12.
11.
13.
13.
14.
14.
14.
13.
13.
13.
13.
15.
15.
18.
19.
17.
17.
17.
17.
20.
19.
19.
20.
19.
19.
19.
20.
22.
23.
6
7
5
3
3
1
1
1
5
5
7
7
4
4
7
1
5
5
6
9
0
4
3
9
7
8
7
1
8
4
13.
13.
14.
14.
14.
15.
16.
16.
16.
18.
18.
18.
18.
18.
19.
5
4
3
0
7
5
7
7
7
1
0
0
6
6
5
17.4
17.6
18.1
18.2
17.9
19.0
17. 1
17. 1
17. 1
16.5
16.5
17.0
17. 0
17.0
All
18.9
18.8
22.9
21.3
19.2
21.4
26.2
25.2
25.0
24.9
26.5
26.1
25.9
24.4
23.2
21.8
22.4
21.9
22.1
22.0
21.2
23.1
22.6
23.4
23.0
22.0
22.3
22.2
22.0
22.4
22.9
0-31D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-32
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Toyota All
YEAR 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
All
37.0
44.0
43.8
47.4
47.2
41
39
31
34
36
35
38
38
39
38
41
38
37
38
36
37
37
38
40
40
40
40
40
43
43
43
45
45
45
.0
.0
.7
.1
.6
.3
.0
.4
.6
.6
.3
.5
.7
.3
.2
.1
.1
.3
.1
.0
.8
.3
.3
.1
.5
.4
.1
.4
.3
24
26
30
28
26
29
29
30
34
35
35
35
35
34
34
34
33
33
33
32
39
38
36
37
37
38
39
39
40
38
40
.2
.6
.1
.9
.6
.0
.9
.0
.6
.9
.1
.0
.4
.7
. 7
.7
.0
.4
.3
.5
.1
.4
.4
.5
.2
.4
.7
.5
.8
.6
.9
20
22
26
24
19
23
27
27
29
29
32
31
30
29
30
31
32
32
33
33
34
34
33
36
36
36
38
37
38
38
39
.9
.3
.5
.6
.7
.0
.0
.6
.9
.4
.6
.8
.7
.2
.8
.3
. 7
.0
.4
.2
.3
.0
.2
.6
.5
.1
.1
.9
.0
.3
.2
21.1
23.3
24.5
22.4
20.6
22.5
27.2
26.8
27.9
27.8
28.3
29.3
31.7
30.9
30.9
30.8
30.1
28.4
28.5
28.2
27.6
27.9
28.0
28.0
28.3
28.2
32.1
33.3
33.7
36.1
34.3
20
20
22
19
16
19
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
26
27
26
27
27
28
28
28
29
29
28
30
.5
.5
.0
.8
.9
.4
.4
.8
.3
.6
.6
.4
.7
.2
.0
.3
.9
.9
.0
.0
.5
.5
.9
.1
.1
.0
.1
.3
.9
.6
12
10
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
22
22
21
21
21
22
21
21
21
22
21
21
22
22
23
23
23
23
24
25
.0
. 7
.7
.0
.8
.8
.5
.5
.5
.2
.3
.1
.2
.4
.1
.7
.6
.4
.0
.9
.3
.4
.9
.0
.3
.1
.1
.3
.3
11.
12.
11.
13.
13.
14.
14.
14.
13.
13.
13.
13.
15.
15.
18.
19.
17.
17.
17.
17.
20.
19.
19.
20.
19.
19.
19.
20.
23.
23.
6
7
5
3
3
1
1
1
5
5
7
7
4
4
7
1
5
5
6
9
0
4
3
9
7
8
7
1
0
4
13.5
13.4
14.3
14.0
14.7
15.5
16.7
16.7
16.7
18.1
18.0
18.0
18.6
18.6
19.5
17.4 17.1
17. 1
17. 1
17.6 16.5
18.1 16.5
18.2 17.0
17.9 17.0
19.0 17.0
21.6
24.0
27.7
25.7
22.9
25.9
29.9
29.1
30.5
29.7
30.0
29.4
30.0
29.6
28.9
27.8
27.5
26.8
26.7
26.4
27.0
27.4
27.1
27.4
27.1
26.2
26.5
26.0
27.1
27.2
27.5
0-32D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-33
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Honda Cars
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
31.4
32.9
36.4
33.5
30.9
33.6
36.1
40.5
44.7
44.0
44.4
47.6
52.0
60.4
60.3
76.4
75.6
75.3
75.1
73.8
74.3
32.
35.
34.
33.
35.
36.
36.
36.
38.
38.
39.
39.
44.
44.
52.
52.
50.
55.
66.
66.
66.
66.
66.
5
6
5
6
9
5
0
4
0
1
8
6
4
7
8
3
5
6
4
4
4
4
4
27
27
28
30
33
33
32
32
33
35
34
37
37
41
41
42
41
41
41
41
40
40
.9
.1
.5
.8
.6
.5
.1
.2
.3
.8
.9
.3
.3
.4
.5
.9
.4
.3
.8
.3
.9
.7
30
31
31
31
32
31
32
36
36
35
36
37
36
37
36
36
39
39
38
38
38
.4
.8
.8
.9
.6
.5
.9
.9
.5
.9
.6
.0
.9
.2
.2
.0
.3
.3
.9
.7
.9
29.
29.
28.
28.
29.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
32.
32.
29.
29.
31.
38.
38.
38.
7
2
9
8
8
1
5
6
8
7
0
1
9
3
4
6
3
6
24.
24.
23.
23.
23.
24.
26.
27.
30.
28.
28.
28.
29.
28.
28.
28.
28.
30.
30.
30.
7
3
6
4
4
3
1
1
0
9
1
0
1
6
5
7
9
1
5
8
24.2
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.3
24.3
24.3
23.5
23.2
26.0
25.5
26.5
27.0
26.4
All
31.4
32.9
36.2
34.0
29.0
28.9
30.6
33.2
35.2
35.1
33.7
33.5
32.8
31.8
31.2
30.3
30.4
31.0
32.2
32.1
32.9
31
32.2
32.0
30.9
31.0
32.2
32.0
32.7
33.1
33.1
0-33D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-34
YEAR
1975 D
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988 D
1989 D
1990 D
1991 D
1992 D
1993 D
1994 D
1995 D
1996 D
1997 D
1998 D
1999 D
2000 D
2001 D
2002 D
2003 D
2004 D
2005 D
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Honda Wagons
1750 2000 2250 D 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
29.4 D
31.9 D
31.5 D
29.9 D
32.5 D
33.7 D
36.7 D
36.7 D
36.1 D
36.1 D 31.6
37.7 D 31.9
37.3 D 32.1
37.0
35.6
38.5
38.4
30.6
30.0
33.7
33.4
29.9
29.7
26.6
27.1
27.6
29.0
29.0
28.5
27.2
All
29.4D
31.9D
31.5D
29.9D
32.5D
33.7D
36.7D
36.7D
36.ID
34.8D
34.6D
34.2D
34.2D
34.7D
35.2D
28.7D
27.ID
27.6D
29.OD
29.OD
28.5D
27.2D
0-34D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-35
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Honda Cars and Wagons
YEAR 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
31.
32.
36.
33.
30.
33.
36.
40.
44.
44.
44.
47.
52.
60.
60.
76.
75.
75.
75.
73.
74.
4
9
4
5
9
6
1
5
7
0
4
6
0
4
3
4
6
3
1
8
3
29.5
33.9
33.9
29.9
32.5
33.6
36.1
36.6
36.0
36.4
37.9
38.1
39.8
39.6
44.4
44.7
52.8
52.3
50.5
55.6
66.4
66.4
66.4
66.4
66.4
27
27
28
30
33
33
32
32
33
35
34
37
37
41
41
42
41
41
41
41
40
40
.9
.1
.5
.8
.6
.5
.1
.2
.1
.9
.9
.3
.3
.4
.5
.9
.4
.3
.8
.3
.9
.7
30
31
31
31
32
31
32
36
36
35
36
37
36
37
36
36
39
39
38
38
38
.4
.8
.8
.9
.6
.7
.9
.9
.5
.9
.6
.0
.9
.2
.2
.0
.3
.3
.9
.7
.9
29.
29.
28.
28.
29.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
32.
32.
29.
29.
31.
38.
38.
38.
7
2
9
8
8
1
5
6
8
7
0
1
9
3
4
6
3
6
24
24
23
23
23
24
26
27
29
28
28
28
29
28
28
28
28
30
30
30
.7
.3
.6
.4
.4
.7
.2
.1
.9
.9
.2
.0
.1
.6
.5
.7
.9
.1
.5
.8
24.2
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.3
24.3
24.3
23.5
23.2
26.0
25.5
26.5
27.0
26.4
All
31.4
32.6
35.5
33.7
29.0
29.2
30.8
33.4
35.3
35.2
33.8
33.6
32.8
31.8
31.3
30.4
30.3
30.9
32.2
32.1
32.8
31.8
32.1
32.0
30.9
31.0
32.2
32.0
32.7
33.1
33.1
0-35D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-36D
YEAR
1975 D
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979 D
1980 D
1981 D
1982 D
1983 D
1984 D
1985 D
1986 D
1987 D
1988 D
1989 D
1990 D
1991 D
1992 D
1993 D
1994 D
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Honda Vans
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
All
25.5
28.5
24.9
27.0
24.1
23.9
24.0
24.2
24.2
24.2
25.7
25.5D
28.5D
24.9D
27.OD
24.ID
23.9D
24.OD
24.2D
24.2D
24.2D
25.7D
0-36D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-37D
YEAR
1975 D
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979 D
1980 D
1981 D
1982 D
1983 D
1984 D
1985 D
1986 D
1987 D
1988 D
1989 D
1990 D
1991 D
1992 D
1993 D
1994
1995 D
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Honda SUVs
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
26.9
27.0
27.2
27.2
27.2
28.2
28.0
27.7
28.3
4000
20.2
19.9
19.4
21.1
21.1
21.2
21.7
21.7
26.5
26.4
26.4
4500
19.2
19.2
19.
19.
20.
22.2
22.4
22.5
22.2
21.8
5000
5500
6000
6500
All
20.2D
19.4D
24.7D
25.4D
25.7D
26.OD
25.3D
26.3D
25.OD
24.8D
24.4D
0-37D
-------
Appendix O
Table O-38D
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Honda Pickups
YEAR 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
1975 D
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979 D
1980 D
1981 D
1982 D
1983 D
1984 D
1985 D
1986 D
1987 D
1988 D
1989 D
1990 D
1991 D
1992 D
1993 D
1994 D
1995 D
1996 D
1997 D
1998 D
1999 D
2000 D
2001 D
2002 D
2003 D
2004 D
2005 D
A11D
0-38D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-39D
YEAR
1975 D
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979 D
1980 D
1981 D
1982 D
1983 D
1984 D
1985 D
1986 D
1987 D
1988 D
1989 D
1990 D
1991 D
1992 D
1993 D
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Honda Trucks
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
20.2
4500
25.
28.
26.
27.
27.
27.
27.
28.
28.
27.
28.
5
5
4
0
2
2
2
2
0
7
3
19.
19.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
26.
26.
26.
9
4
1
1
2
7
7
5
4
4
19
19
19
24
23
23
23
23
23
23
.2
.2
.4
.0
.6
.5
.7
.3
.1
.4
5000
5500
6000
6500
All
20.2D
25.5D
22.5D
24.7D
25.5D
25.2D
25.OD
24.7D
25.3D
24.8D
24.6D
24.8D
0-39D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-40
YEAR
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Honda All
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
31,
32,
36,
33,
30,
33,
36,
40,
44,
44,
44,
47,
52,
60,
60,
76,
75,
75,
75,
73,
74,
.4
.9
.4
.5
.9
.6
.1
.5
.7
.0
.4
.6
.0
.4
.3
.4
.6
.3
.1
.8
.3
29.
33.
33.
29.
32.
33.
36.
36.
36.
36.
37.
38.
39.
39.
44.
44.
52.
52.
50.
55.
66.
66.
66.
66.
66.
5
9
9
9 27.9
5 27.1
6 28.5
1 30.8
6 33.6
0 33.5
4 32.1
9 32.2
1 33.1
8 35.9
6 34.9
4 37.3
7 37.3
8 41.4
3 41.5
5 42.9
6 41.4
41.3
41.8
41.3
40.9
40.7
4
4
4
4
4
30.
31.
31.
31.
32.
31.
32.
36.
36.
35.
36.
37.
36.
37.
36.
36.
39.
39.
38.
38.
38.
,4
,8
,8
,9
,6
,7
,9
,9
,5
,9
,6
,0
,9
,2
,2
,0
,3
,3
,9
,7
,9
29.
29.
28.
28.
29.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
32.
32.
29.
29.
31.
38.
38.
38.
7
2
9
8
8
1
5
6
8
7
0
1
9
3
4
6
3
6
24.7
24.3
23.6
23.4
23.4
24.7
26.2
27.1
29.9
28.4
28.2
27.4
28.6
28.3
28.3
28.4
28.8
29.5
29.7
30.2
24.
24.
22.
24.
23.
23.
22.
21.
22.
24.
25.
26.
26.
26.
2
0
2
0
1
2
6
8
4
9
3
5
8
4
19.2
19.2
19.4
24.0
23.6
23.5
23.7
23.3
23.1
23.4
5000
5500
6000
6500
All
31.4
32.6
35.5
33.7
29.0
29.2
30.8
33.4
35.3
35.2
33.8
33.6
32.8
31.8
31.3
30.4
30.3
30.9
32.2
31.5
32.4
31.1
31.0
30.9
29.6
29.4
29.9
29.8
29.1
29.2
29.3
0-40D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-41
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Nissan Cars
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
32.1 27
32.5 29
33.2 28
31.4 27
30.5 26
33.2 32
34.0 31
41.3 34.9 33
46.2 37.5 32
38.4 32
36.4 31
37.3 33
37.5 34
36.6 34
36.0 34
35
37
37
37
37
39
38
39
38
.4
.6
.3
.4
.5
.6
.3
.8
.6
.1
.2
.8
.1
.5
.6
.5
.1
.0
.4
.5
.6
.9
.0
.4
25.
26.
26.
26.
24.
31.
30.
32.
28.
28.
30.
31.
32.
33.
35.
35.
34.
34.
36.
36.
36.
35.
35.
34.
34.
35.
36.
36.
36.
5
2
1
1
9
1
9
5
5
3
6
4
3
1
5
8
4
7
1
4
0
9
8
1
3
5
5
1
1
19.
20.
19.
20.
21.
23.
23.
25.
26.
26.
27.
28.
27.
27.
26.
26.
27.
27.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
30.
30.
30.
30.
33.
34.
35.
33.
3
0
9
3
1
1
8
1
0
6
9
1
6
9
7
9
9
9
6
7
4
5
3
7
8
8
7
6
3
2
9
30
27
24
23
22
24
24
23
25
25
25
25
25
25
27
27
27
28
28
27
26
27
27
27
29
.5
.7
.6
.3
.9
.1
.2
.9
.2
.0
.1
.3
.7
.1
.2
.4
.3
.6
.5
.1
.7
.7
.1
.6
.7
22.
22.
22.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
22.
23.
23.
26.
25.
2
2
0
1
0
1
0
5
1
0
1
9
3
0
1
8
18.9
18.9
19.4
19.8
20.2
All
25.2
26.8
27.2
27.0
26.
31.
30.
30.
32.
31.6
29.4
30.2
29.4
30.7
30.2
28.3
6
1
4
.5
5
29.0
29.9
29.1
29.8
29.2
30.2
29.6
30.2
29.6
28.0
28.
28.
27.
28.6
29.2
0-41D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-42D
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Nissan Wagons
YEAR 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991 D
1992 D
1993 D
1994 D
1995 D
1996 D
1997 D
1998 D
1999 D
2000 D
2001 D
2002 D
2003 D
2004 D
2005 D
33.4
33.8
32.6
30.7
32.4
34.2
35.1
36.9
37.9
35.7
36.1
26.8
31.1
32.8
44.2
34.1
34.2
35.8
36.4
26.3
26.1
26.0
25.4
32.0
30.4
30.5
31.6
32.6
32.7
20.
24.
22.
18.8
21.9
23.3
23.8
23.4
27.6
27.4
26.9
27.3
29.5
30.5
32.0
26.7
25.8
21.9
24.6
24.2
23.8
All
20.9D
27.4D
27.ID
25.5D
27.9D
32.2D
31.4D
32.OD
34.6D
35.ID
30.OD
28.2D
27.8D
28.OD
32.3D
33.5D
0-42D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-43
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Nissan Cars and Wagons
YEAR 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
32.1 27
32.6 29
33.3 28
31.5 27
30.6 26
33.1 32
34.0 31
41.3 34.9 33
46.2 37.4 32
38.3 32
36.3 31
37.2 33
37.5 34
36.6 34
36.0 34
35
37
37
37
37
39
38
39
38
.4
.6
.3
.4
.7
.6
.2
. 7
.6
.1
.2
.8
.1
.5
.6
.5
.1
.0
.4
.5
.6
.9
.0
.4
25.
26.
26.
26.
25.
31.
30.
32.
28.
28.
30.
31.
32.
33.
35.
35.
34.
34.
36.
36.
36.
35.
35.
34.
34.
35.
36.
36.
36.
5
2
1
1
1
3
8
5
5
3
6
4
3
0
5
8
4
7
1
4
0
9
8
1
3
5
5
1
1
19.
20.
20.
20.
21.
23.
23.
25.
26.
26.
27.
27.
27.
27.
26.
26.
27.
27.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
30.
30.
30.
30.
33.
34.
35.
33.
5
7
3
1
1
1
8
0
0
6
9
8
5
8
7
9
9
9
6
7
4
5
3
7
8
8
7
6
3
2
9
30
28
25
23
22
24
24
23
25
25
25
25
25
25
27
27
27
28
28
27
26
27
27
27
29
.5
.7
.5
.6
.8
.1
.2
.9
.2
.0
.1
.3
.7
.1
.2
.4
.3
.6
.5
.1
.7
.7
.1
.6
.7
22.
22.
22.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
22.
23.
23.
26.
25.
2
2
0
1
0
1
0
5
1
0
1
9
3
0
1
8
18.9
18.9
19.4
19.8
20.2
All
25.0
26.9
27.2
26.8
26.8
31.2
30.5
30.7
32.7
31.9
29.5
29.9
29.3
30.6
30.2
28.4
29.0
29.9
29.1
29.8
29.2
30.2
29.6
30.2
29.6
28.0
28.
28.
27.
28.6
29.2
0-43D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-44D
YEAR
1975 D
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979 D
1980 D
1981 D
1982 D
1983 D
1984 D
1985 D
1986 D
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003 D
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Nissan Vans
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
27.5
27.6
22
22
22
25
25
25
.4
.5
.5
.3
.6
.6
21.
21.
21.
21.
22.
23.
22.
22.
22.
23.
22.
22.
22.
8
8
3
8
7
0
9
6
7
1
8
6
6
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
24.6
24.8
All
22.4D
22.3D
22.2D
25.4D
26.OD
25.6D
21.8D
22.7D
23.OD
22.9D
22.6D
22.7D
23.ID
22.8D
22.6D
22.6D
24.6D
24.8D
0-44D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-45D
YEAR
1975 D
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979 D
1980 D
1981 D
1982 D
1983 D
1984 D
1985 D
1986 D
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Nissan SUVs
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
18.7
18.5
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
19.
19.
19.
19.
20.
19.
19.
19.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
23.
23.
25.
0
5
5
6
3
0
4
8
4
3
2
1
3
5
4
8
7
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
21
.9
.4
.6
.4
.3
.3
.2
.5
.4
.2
.5 18.4 18.0
.3 20.5 18.1
17.4
17.4
All
18.7D
18.5D
19.OD
19.5D
19.5D
19.6D
19.4D
18.6D
19.ID
19.8D
19.6D
19.5D
19.5D
19.6D
19.8D
19.9D
21.8D
20.5D
21.20
0-45D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-46
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Nissan Pickups
YEAR 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005 25.7 18.5 17.9
23.6
24.5
25.0
25.9
23.7
26.6
29.0
28.3
30.2
29.2
23.
27.
27.
27.
28.
26.
26.
26.
26.
27.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
27.
27.
26.
28.
1
2
9
9
4
9
3
9
7
0
8
6
7
6
3
5
4
6
8
20
15
16
22
23
24
23
22
22
22
23
22
24
24
25
25
25
25
24
25
26
25
26
26
26
26
25
.6
.5
.3
.1
.9
.0
.0
.9
.8
.1
.0
.5
.3
.9
.0
.2
.6
.5
.8
.1
.6
.9
.1
.3
.1
.2
.2
17
17
17
17
17
20
19
19
19
21
21
21
21
21
20
21
21
22
20
19
20
20
21
21
25
. 7
.4
.5
.6
.5
.8
.1
.8
.8
.2
.6
.3
.1
.2
.4
.2
.2
.4
.4
. 7
.2
.3
.2
.4
.7
19.0
19.6
19.4
19.6
19.6
20.2
20.7
All
23.6
24.5
25.0
25.6
23.2
25.1
27.7
27.8
27.4
26.2
25.7
24.7
25.1
24.7
24.8
27.1
26.9
26.7
26.4
25.6
24.9
25.2
24.9
25.5
23.3
21.8
22.2
22.0
22.4
22.5
18.7
0-46D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-47
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Nissan Trucks
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
23.6
24.5
25.0
25.9
23.7
26.6
29.0
28.3
30.2
29.2
23.
27.
27.
27.
28.
26.
26.
26.
26.
27.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
27.
27.
26.
28.
1
2
9
9
4
9
3
9
7
0
8
6
7
6
3
5
4
6
8
20
15
16
22
23
24
23
22
22
22
22
22
24
24
25
25
25
25
24
25
26
25
26
26
26
26
25
.6
.5
.3
.1
.9
.0
.0
.9
.8
.2
.8
.5
.7
.9
.0
.2
.6
.5
.8
.1
.6
.9
.1
.3
.1
.2
.2
17
17
17
17
17
20
18
19
19
20
20
19
21
21
20
21
21
22
21
20
20
20
22
23
25
. 7
.4
.5
.6
.5
.8
.8
.0
.3
.0
.0
.9
.1
.5
.9
.2
. 7
.0
.6
. 7
.7
.8
.9
.2
.7
18,
18,
18,
19,
19,
19,
19,
19,
19,
20,
21,
23,
.9
.4
.6
.4
.3
.3
.3
.5
.4
.2
.8 18.4 18.0 17.4
.6 19.8 17.9 17.4
All
23.6
24.5
25.0
25.6
23.2
25.1
27.7
27.8
27.4
26.2
25.7
24.7
23.5
22.7
23.7
25.3
24.8
24.0
23.7
22.9
22.4
22.9
22.3
22.3
21.2
20.8
20.7
20.7
21.9
21.2
21.0
0-47D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-48
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Nissan All
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
32.1
32.6
33.3
31.5
30.6
33.1
34.0
41.3 34.9
46.2 37.4
38.3
36.3
37.2
37.5
36.6
36.0
27
29
28
27
26
32
31
33
32
32
31
33
34
34
34
35
37
37
37
37
39
38
39
38
.4
.6
.3
.4
.7
.6
.2
. 7
.6
.1
.2
.8
.1
.5
.6
.5
.1
.0
.4
.5
.6
.9
.0
.4
24
25
25
26
24
28
30
28
30
32
28
28
30
31
32
33
35
35
34
34
36
36
36
35
35
34
34
35
36
36
36
.1
.2
.5
.0
.1
.9
.1
.3
.2
.1
.5
.3
.6
.4
.3
.0
.5
.8
.4
. 7
.1
.4
.0
.9
.8
.1
.3
.5
.5
.1
.1
19.
20.
20.
20.
21.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
27.
26.
27.
27.
26.
27.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
27.
30.
30.
30.
30.
33.
34.
35.
33.
5
7
3
1
1
1
7
6
5
4
1
7
2
2
8
7
2
2
6
5
1
2
9
4
8
8
7
6
3
2
9
20.6
15.5
16.3
25.2
27.1
24.7
23.3
22.8
23.7
23.9
23.7
24.7
24.9
25.1
25.3
25.6
25.2
26.9
27.0
26.8
28.2
28.3
26.9
26.6
27.5
27.0
27.4
29.7
17
17
17
17
17
20
18
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
21
22
22
21
20
20
20
22
24
25
. 7
.4
.5
.6
.5
.8
.8
.0
.3
.6
.6
.4
.7
.9
.2
.3
.0
.1
.7
. 7
.7
.9
.9
.3
.8
18,
18,
18,
18,
18,
19,
19,
19,
19,
19,
19,
20,
21,
23,
.9
.9
.9
.5
.6
.4
.3
.3
.3
.5
.4
.2
.8 18.4 18.0 17.4
.6 19.8 17.9 17.4
All
24.7
26.3
26.7
26.5
26.2
29.8
30.0
30.0
31.7
30.5
28.4
27.5
27.8
28.1
28.4
27.5
27.6
28.2
27.1
27.3
26.1
27.7
26.6
27.1
26.5
24.3
24.1
25.0
25.4
24.9
25.4
0-48D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-49
YEAR
1975 D
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979 D
1980 D
1981 D
1982 D
1983 D
1984 D
1985 D
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 HK Cars
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
34.
34.
34.
34.
35.
34.
34.
35.
35.
36.
35.
35.
35.
35.
36.
33.
36.
36.
36.
,9
,5
,3
,8
,7
,9
,9
,0
,8
,8
,9
,8
,6
,8
,5
,7
,6
,6
,6
28
28
30
30
29
30
30
30
30
31
33
34
33
33
.8
.6
.2
.1
.3
.8
.8
.7
.9
.7
.2
.1
.3
.4
26.
26.
26.
28.
29.
29.
28.
29.
28.
28.
29.
29.
31.
31.
31.
32.
32.
5
9
9
9
2
2
6
3
9
5
6
7
9
1
1
6
6
23
23
24
25
24
23
24
23
23
26
26
26
26
26
26
27
.8
.7
.9
.2
.9
.7
.5
.8
.1
.7
.8
.6
.8
.8
.8
.4
25.
24.
23.
23.
23.
4
1
4
0
9
All
34.9D
34.5D
34.3D
33.ID
33.ID
32.7D
31.2D
31.ID
32.7D
30.9D
31.8D
31.OD
30.7D
30.6D
30.OD
30.7D
30.3D
30.ID
29.5D
29.8D
0-49D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-50D
YEAR
1975 D
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979 D
1980 D
1981 D
1982 D
1983 D
1984 D
1985 D
1986 D
1987 D
1988 D
1989 D
1990 D
1991 D
1992 D
1993 D
1994 D
1995 D
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001 D
2002 D
2003 D
2004 D
2005 D
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 HK Wagons
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
All
30.2
30.4
29.5
28.9
28.9
30.2D
30.4D
29.5D
28.9D
28.9D
0-50D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-51
YEAR
1975 D
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979 D
1980 D
1981 D
1982 D
1983 D
1984 D
1985 D
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 HK Cars and Wagons
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
34.
34.
34.
34.
35.
34.
34.
35.
35.
36.
35.
35.
35.
35.
36.
33.
36.
36.
36.
,9
,5
,3
,8
,7
,9
,9
,0
,8
,8
,9
,8
,6
,8
,5
,7
,6
,6
,6
28
28
30
30
29
30
30
30
30
31
33
34
33
33
.8
.6
.2
.1
.3
.8
.8
.7
.9
.7
.2
.1
.3
.4
26.
26.
26.
28.
29.
29.
28.
29.
29.
28.
29.
29.
31.
31.
31.
32.
32.
5
9
9
9
2
2
6
5
1
6
5
6
9
1
1
6
6
23
23
24
25
24
23
24
23
23
26
26
26
26
26
26
27
.8
.7
.9
.2
.9
.7
.5
.8
.1
.7
.8
.6
.8
.8
.8
.4
25.
24.
23.
23.
23.
4
1
4
0
9
All
34.9D
34.5D
34.3D
33.ID
33.ID
32.7D
31.2D
31.ID
32.7D
30.9D
31.7D
30.9D
30.6D
30.5D
29.9D
30.7D
30.3D
30.ID
29.5D
29.8D
0-51D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-52D
YEAR
1975 D
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979 D
1980 D
1981 D
1982 D
1983 D
1984 D
1985 D
1986 D
1987 D
1988 D
1989 D
1990 D
1991 D
1992 D
1993 D
1994 D
1995 D
1996 D
1997 D
1998 D
1999 D
2000 D
2001 D
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 HK Vans
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
All
20.0
20.0
21.1
21.3
20.on
20.on
21.ID
21.3D
0-52D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-53D
YEAR
1975 D
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979 D
1980 D
1981 D
1982 D
1983 D
1984 D
1985 D
1986 D
1987 D
1988 D
1989 D
1990 D
1991 D
1992 D
1993 D
1994 D
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 HK SUVs
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
24.3
23.4
23.7
24.4
24.4
23.5
22.9
23.2
28.2
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
All
25.0
24.5
24.4
23.3
24.8
19.3
19.9
20.6
24.3D
23.4D
23.7D
24.4D
24.4D
23.5D
23.8D
24.OD
22.6D
22.ID
23.4D
0-53D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-54D
YEAR
1975 D
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979 D
1980 D
1981 D
1982 D
1983 D
1984 D
1985 D
1986 D
1987 D
1988 D
1989 D
1990 D
1991 D
1992 D
1993 D
1994 D
1995 D
1996 D
1997 D
1998 D
1999 D
2000 D
2001 D
2002 D
2003 D
2004 D
2005 D
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 HK Pickups
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
A11D
0-54D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-55D
YEAR
1975 D
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979 D
1980 D
1981 D
1982 D
1983 D
1984 D
1985 D
1986 D
1987 D
1988 D
1989 D
1990 D
1991 D
1992 D
1993 D
1994 D
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 HK Trucks
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
24.3
23.4
23.7
24.4
24.4
23.5
22.9
23.2
28.2
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
25.0
24.5
24.4
23.3
24.8
19.3
19.9
20.6
20.0
20.0
21.1
21.3
All
24.3D
23.4D
23.7D
24.4D
24.4D
23.5D
23.8D
22.8D
21.9D
21.8D
22.9D
0-55D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-56
YEAR
1975 D
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979 D
1980 D
1981 D
1982 D
1983 D
1984 D
1985 D
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 HK All
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
34.
34.
34.
34.
35.
34.
34.
35.
35.
36.
35.
35.
35.
35.
36.
33.
36.
36.
36.
9
5
3
8
7
9
9
0
8
8
9
8
6
8
5
7
6
6
6
28
28
30
30
29
30
30
30
30
31
33
34
33
33
.8
.6
.2
.1
.3
.8
.8
.7
.9
.7
.2
.1
.3
.4
26.
26.
26.
28.
29.
29.
28.
29.
29.
28.
29.
29.
31.
31.
31.
32.
32.
5
9
9
9
2
2
6
5
1
6
5
6
9
1
1
6
6
23
23
24
25
24
24
23
23
24
25
24
24
25
26
26
27
.8
.7
.9
.2
.9
.0
.6
.8
.2
.3
.8
.8
.6
.8
.8
.6
25.1
24.4 20.0
24.3 19.3 20.0
23.2 19.9 21.1
24.6 20.6 21.3
All
34.9D
34.5D
34.3D
33.ID
33.ID
32.7D
31.2D
31.ID
32.7D
30.4D
30.9D
29.7D
29.4D
29.3D
28.7D
29.OD
27.8D
27.OD
26.5D
26.ID
0-56D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-57
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 VW Cars
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
27.4 25.4
28.5 26.8
30.5 28.4
30.4 25.8
31.5 27.9
33.6 28.3
38.9 31.4
38.3 33.9
33.6 32.6
35.4 30.8
33.8
32.9
31.8
31.3
31.1
31.8
32.6
32.7
32.7
19.
20.
17.
22.
25.
28.
29.
25.
25.
26.
27.
30.
31.
30.
31.
31.
30.
31.
31.
30.
31.
31.
5
7
8
9
4
0
5
0
9
0
8
6
4
9
8
3
7
0
7
1
1
0
21.
21.
20.
19.
19.
22.
23.
22.
24.
23.
22.
22.
23.
25.
25.
27.
26.
26.
27.
29.
29.
29.
29.
30.
30.
30.
31.
31.
32.
31.
32.
6
0
5
5
7
2
0
1
0
5
8
8
4
7
3
0
3
4
5
1
9
0
6
2
1
9
2
6
1
7
2
14
13
19
18
18
20
21
22
23
22
23
23
24
25
25
23
24
24
26
26
27
26
26
26
29
29
29
29
.1
.3
.4
.5
.9
.0
.2
.0
.4
.4
.3
.5
.8
.0
.1
.8
.2
.3
.2
.4
.1
.7
.7
.8
.3
.4
.4
.6
18.
18.
18.
21.
22.
22.
23.
23.
24.
23.
23.
23.
23.
22.
24.
25.
25.
26.
4
1
5
9
4
5
3
4
1
9
3
1
0
9
2
5
3
8
22.8
23.2
20.6
21.3
23.0
22.5
5000
5500
16.0
6000
6500
All
19.7
15.0
14.9
15.2
16.1
17.8
17.7
26.4
27.5
28.8
27.2
28.6
30.8
34.1
32.9
30.0
28.5
30.0
29.6
29.0
30.2
30.3
28.9
29.8
29.1
27.0
28.2
28.8
28.3
28.8
14. 9 28.8
28.4
15. 0 28.8
15.0 15.2 28.5
14.5 15.2 29.1
13.8 15.2 29.5
13. 8 28.9
13. 8 28.4
0-57D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-58
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 VW Wagons
YEAR 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
27.2
27.9
28.7
25.7
25.0
40.1
40.6
29.8
33.8 23.2
42.0 23.0
29.0 22.1
22.7
32.6 22.8
31.9 22.7
31.7
31.7 27.8
27.8
28.1
22
22
22
23
23
23
27
27
27
24
23
24
30
25
27
28
25
27
29
32
33
31
.4
.7
.9
.3
.4
.6
.1
.1
.1
.0
.9
.0
.8
.1
.7
.5
.7
.7
.9
.1
.1
.3
22
23
23
22
22
23
23
24
24
24
23
22
23
25
25
25
27
.9
.1
.2
.8
.9
.5
.4
.1
.2
.1
.4
.9
.1
.1
.4
.7
.6
20.3
18.7
21.6
21.5
21.5
All
27.2
27.9
28.7
25.7
25.0
40.1
40.6
29.8
30.6
24.8
25.9
22.8
26.7
31.0
29.3
28.3
26.9
26.7
23.7
23.6
23.7
27.6
24.6
25.9
26.5
25.0
24.2
27.7
28.4
29.2
28.5
0-58D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-59
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 VW Cars and Wagons
YEAR 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
All
27.4
28.5
30.5
30.4
31.5
33.6
38.9
38.3
33.6
35.4
26
27
28
25
27
31
32
33
32
30
33
32
31
31
31
31
32
32
32
.1
.0
.5
.8
.8
.0
.3
.9
.6
.8
.8
.9
.8
.4
.1
.8
.6
. 7
.7
19.
20.
17.
22.
25.
28.
30.
26.
26.
26.
27.
30.
31.
30.
31.
31.
30.
31.
31.
30.
31.
31.
5
7
8
9
4
5
3
0
4
0
8
6
4
9
8
3
7
0
7
1
1
0
21.
21.
20.
19.
19.
22.
23.
22.
24.
23.
22.
22.
23.
25.
25.
27.
26.
26.
27.
29.
29.
29.
29.
30.
30.
30.
31.
31.
32.
31.
32.
6
0
5
5
7
2
0
1
0
5
8
8
3
5
3
0
5
6
5
1
9
0
6
2
1
9
2
6
1
7
2
14
13
19
18
18
20
21
22
23
22
23
23
25
25
25
23
24
24
26
26
27
26
26
26
29
29
29
29
.1
.3
.4
.5
.9
.0
.4
.1
.3
.4
.3
.5
.1
.2
.2
.8
.2
.2
.7
.3
.1
.9
.5
.9
.4
.8
.9
.9
18.
18.
22.
18.
22.
22.
22.
23.
23.
24.
24.
23.
23.
23.
23.
24.
25.
25.
26.
4
1
9
8
1
5
6
4
4
1
0
4
2 16.0
0 22.8
0 20.9
4 20.3
5 21.6
4 22.1
9 22.2 19.7
26.5
27.5
28.8
27.2
28.6
31.2
34.2
32.8
30.1
28.4
29.9
29.4
28.9
30.3
30.2
28.9
29.7
29.0
26.8
28.1
28.6
28.2
28.6
15.0 14.9 28.6
14.9 28.3
15.2 15.0 28.5
15.0 15.2 28.1
16.1 14.5 15.2 29.0
13.8 15.2 29.3
17.8 13. 8 28.9
17.7 13.8 28.4
0-59D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-60
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 VW Vans
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000
21.2
3500
4000
4500
20
19
22
20
18
19
18
21
19
20
21
20
20
20
.7
.9
.2
.0
.7
.2
.8
.8
.5
.9
.5
.3
.3
.3
18.
18.
21.
18.
20.
20.
18.
18.
19.
21.
20.
21.
21.
21.
4
0
4
6
1
9
4
3
7
1
9
0
3
0
18.
18.
18.
20.
19.
20.
19.
19.
21.
21.
20.
6
5
5
3
4
1
5
7
0
0
9
5000
5500
6000
6500
19.6
18.5
18.5
18.5
20.0
20.0
20.0
All
20.7
19.9
22.2
20.0
18.7
19.0
18.5
21.7
19.3
20.7
21.3
19.2
18.9
19.9
20.8
20.8
20.9
21.0
20.1
19.6
18.5
19.1
19.0
20.7
20.9
20.9
0-60D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-610
YEAR
1975 D
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979 D
1980 D
1981 D
1982 D
1983 D
1984 D
1985 D
1986 D
1987 D
1988 D
1989 D
1990 D
1991 D
1992 D
1993 D
1994 D
1995 D
1996 D
1997 D
1998 D
1999 D
2000 D
2001 D
2002 D
2003 D
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 VW SUVs
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
All
19.2
19.5
19.3D
19.5D
0-61D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-62D
YEAR
1975 D
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979 D
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984 D
1985 D
1986 D
1987 D
1988 D
1989 D
1990 D
1991 D
1992 D
1993 D
1994 D
1995 D
1996 D
1997 D
1998 D
1999 D
2000 D
2001 D
2002 D
2003 D
2004 D
2005 D
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 VW Pickups
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
All
32.0
41.5
43.5
43.9
23.7
28.5
29.9
30.3
20.9
31.3D
36.9D
39.2D
32.8D
0-62D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-63
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 VW Trucks
1750
2000
2250 2500 2750
32.0 23.7
41.5 28.5
43.5 29.9
43.9 30.3
3000 3500
21.2 20.7
19.9
22.2
20.0
18
19
18
21
19
20
21
20
20
20
.7
.2
.8
.8
.5
.9
.5
.3
.3
.3
4000
18.
18.
21.
18.
20.
20.
18.
18.
19.
21.
20.
21.
21.
21.
4
0
4
6
1
9
4
3
7
1
9
0
3
0
4500
18.6
18.5
18.5
20.3
19.4
20.1
5000
19.6
5500
18.5
19.
19.
21.
21.
20.
,5
, 7
,0
,0
,9
18.5
18.5
20.0
20.0
20.0
19.2
19.5
6000
6500
22.
All
20.7
19.9
22.2
20.0
18.7
25.2
29.5
27.8
20.3
20.7
21.3
19.2
18.9
19.9
20.8
20.8
20.9
21.0
20.1
19.6
18.5
19.1
19.0
20.7
20.9
20.9
19.3
19.5
0-63D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-64
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 VW All
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
All
27.4
28.5
30.5
30.4
31.5
33.5
39.1
38.8
33.7
35.4
26
27
28
25
27
30
31
33
32
30
33
32
31
31
31
31
32
32
32
.1
.0
.5
.8
.8
.8
.8
. 7
.5
.8
.8
.9
.8
.4
.1
.8
.6
. 7
.7
19.
20.
17.
22.
25.
28.
30.
26.
26.
26.
27.
30.
31.
30.
31.
31.
30.
31.
31.
30.
31.
31.
5
7
8
9
4
5
3
0
4
0
8
6
4
9
8
3
7
0
7
1
1
0
21.6
21.0
20.5
19.5
19.7
22.2
23.0
22.1
24.0
23.5
22.8
22.8
23.3
25.5
25.3
27.0
26.5
26.6
27.5
29.1
29.9
29.0
29.6
30.2
30.1
30.9
31.2
31.6
32.1
31.7
32.2
20.7
19.9
22.2
17.8
17.7
19.3
18.7
21.2
19.6
21.1
21.8
22.3
21.9
22.4
23.5
25.1
25.2
25.2
23.8
24.2
24.2
26.7
26.3
27.1
26.9
26.5
26.9
29.4
29.8
29.9
29.9
18.
18.
21.
18.
20.
20.
18.
18.
19.
21.
20.
21.
22.
21.
23.
23.
24.
24.
23.
23.
23.
23.
24.
25.
25.
26.
4
0
4
6
1
9
4
2
7
2
2
3
5
6
2
4
1
0
4
2
0
0
4
5
4
9
18
18
18
20
19
20
19
20
20
20
21
22
22
.6
.5
.5
.3
.4
19.6
.1 18.5
15.0
.5 16.0 18.0
.8 18.5
.9 20.0
.6 19.6
.3 20.0
.1 19.0
.2 19.7 19.2
26.5
27.4
28.8
27.1
28.0
30.5
33.5
32.2
28.7
27.7
29.0
28.9
28.2
30.0
29.9
28.3
29.2
29.0
25.8
28.1
28.4
28.2
28.5
14. 9 28.6
28.2
15. 0 28.4
15.0 15.2 28.0
14.5 15.2 28.8
13.8 15.2 29.2
18. 8 27.9
13.8 27.3
0-64D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-65
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Others Cars
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
All
31.9
31.9
30.1
30.8
31.0
33.3
32.9
34.8
36.9
31.9
33.5
37.7
43.8
46.5
43.2
46.5
26.6 23,
24.6 24,
26.8 22,
23.6 22,
28.5 27,
30.4 28,
30.0 29,
30.0 29,
29,
30,
29,
29,
29,
32.9 29,
38.3
38.5
37.9 32,
38.4
19,
22,
22,
29.2
.3
.0
.6
.2
.4
.5
.6
.5
.8
.7
.1
.1
.2
.2
.1
.7
.2
.2
22
21
22
21
22
28
28
28
29
28
28
27
27
27
26
29
28
27
20
24
23
23
35
35
34
35
.0
.5
.2
.4
.7
.0
.0
.8
.3
.7
.8
.2
.5
.7
.6
.9
.1
.2
.7
.2
.6
.6
.5
.6
.7
.4
21.1
20.5
23.6
22.6
20.5
23.6
24.0
23.5
24.1
25.5
26.3
26.5
25.4
24.4
23.5
23.1
25.5
28.1
29.0
29.5
29.0
30.3
28.0
27.0
25.1
25.3
25.6
27.4
29.4
29.9
31.0
16
18
19
19
21
23
25
24
22
23
23
23
22
22
22
22
22
24
25
26
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
.5
.2
.4
.3
.1
.8
.0
.0
.5
.1
.5
.3
.8
.9
.9
.9
.7
.1
.9
.0
.9
.4
.2
.3
.4
.4
.4
.9
.8
.5
.3
15.
18.
17.
16.
15.
18.
18.
18.
18.
21.
20.
18.
19.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
22.
22.
23.
12.
22.
22.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
24.
24.
8
8
7
9
8
6
8
5
8
1
4
4
3
6
8
3
6
3
9
4
4
5
4
3
7
1
5
7
8
1
1
12
14
14
14
13
17
18
16
27
17
16
16
16
16
16
19
18
22
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
24
23
.4
.2
.9
.1
.9
.6
.6
.2
.6
.9
.2
.5
.7
.7
. 7
.5
.9
.0
.8
.3
.4
.4
.3
.1
.6
.6
.3
.4
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
11.
12.
12.
17.
18.
18.
20.
20.
20.
3
0
8
8
7
9
7
4
4
4
4
3
2
3
3
3
10
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
10
12
12
13
13
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
14
16
16
17
17
.2
.3
.1
.8
.8
.7
.5
.1
.9
.0
.0
.0
.9
.2
.5
.1
.2
.1
.0
.0
.1
.7
.0
.0
.9
.1
.1
.0
.0
21.6
21.6
22.9
22.3
23.6
27.2
26.7
27.3
26.7
26.2
10. 1 25.1
10.1 25.7
10.4 25.7
11. 8 25.1
23.9
23.4
23.5
24.2
13.6 24.8
13.9 13.6 24.7
13.9 13.6 24.7
14.9 26.1
14.9 14.9 25.1
13.8 24.9
24.7
15.2 24.5
15.2 24.5
25.5
26.1
26.1
26.1
0-65D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-66
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Others Wagons
YEAR 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
26.!
24.2
24.2
24.8
30.4
24,
24,
22,
20,
24,
27,
28,
29,
26,
26,
26,
.4
.0
.3
.7
.0
.2
.2
.0
.8
.1
.3
20.
20.
19.
18.
26.
26.
26.
25.
5
5
8
9
0
5
4
7
22
22
28
26
27
29
28
28
27
24
24
24
24
23
23
23
23
23
.0
.3
.5
.0
.0
.9
.5
.3
.1
.5
.0
.6
.3
.3
.2
.2
.0
.0
23.2
24.3
23.5
24.4
25.5
26.0
26.9
26.7
26.4
25.9
23.6
23.6
24.4
25.1
25.1
25.5
25.5
14.0
27.6
All
21.9
22.5
24.2
21.0
25.2
29.
27.
28.
28.6
25.3
24.8
25.3
24.3
23.3
23.2
25.9
23.2
23.2
24.3
23.5
24.4
23.6
24.5
24.9
25.5
25.6
25.8
25.8
0-66D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-67
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Others Cars and Wagons
YEAR 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
All
31.9
31.9
30.1
30.8
31.0
33.3
32.9
34.8
36.9
31.9
33.5
37.7
43.8
46.5
43.2
46.5
26.6
24.6
26.8
23.6
28.5
30.4
30.0
30.0
32.9
38.3
38.5
37.9
38.4
29.2
23,
24,
22,
22,
27,
28,
29,
29,
29,
30,
29,
29,
29,
29,
32,
19,
22,
22,
.4
.1
.6
.2
.4
.5
.6
.5
.8
.7
.1
.1
.2
.2
.1
.7
.2
.2
22
21
22
21
22
28
27
28
29
28
28
27
27
27
26
29
28
27
20
24
23
23
35
35
34
35
.0
.6
.2
.1
.7
.0
.9
. 7
.3
.5
.5
.0
.5
.7
.6
.9
.1
.2
.7
.2
.6
.6
.5
.6
.7
.4
21.0
20.5
22.1
22.0
20.5
23.6
24.0
23.5
24.1
25.5
26.3
26.5
25.4
24.4
23.5
23.2
25.5
28.1
29.0
29.5
29.0
30.3
28.0
27.0
25.1
25.3
25.6
27.4
29.4
29.9
31.0
17
18
20
19
21
23
25
24
22
23
23
23
22
22
23
22
22
24
25
26
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
.1
.4
.0
.9
.7
.9
.3
.3
.6
.2
.6
.4
.9
.9
.0
.9
.8
.1
.9
.0
.9
.4
.2
.3
.4
.4
.4
.9
.8
.5
.3
15.
18.
17.
16.
15.
18.
18.
18.
18.
21.
20.
18.
19.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
22.
23.
12.
22.
22.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
24.
24.
8
8
7
9
8
6
8
5
8
1
4
4
3
6
8
3
6
4
0
4
4
5
4
3
7
1
6
8
9
1
1
13
14
14
14
13
17
18
16
27
17
16
16
16
16
16
19
18
22
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
24
23
.6
.2
.9
.1
.9
.6
.6
.2
.6
.9
.2
.5
.7
.7
. 7
.5
.9
.0
.8
.3
.4
.4
.3
.1
.6
.6
.3
.4
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
11.
12.
12.
17.
18.
18.
20.
20.
20.
3
0
8
8
7
9
7
4
4
4
4
3
2
3
3
3
10
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
10
12
12
13
13
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
14
16
16
17
17
.2
.3
.1
.8
.8
.7
.5
.1
.9
.0
.0
.0
.9
.2
.5
.1
.2
.1
.0
.0
.1
.7
.0
.0
.9
.1
.1
.0
.0
21.7
21.7
22.9
22.1
23.6
27.2
26.7
27.4
26.7
26.2
10. 1 25.1
10.1 25.7
10.4 25.7
11. 8 25.1
23.9
23.4
23.5
24.2
13.6 24.8
13.9 13.6 24.7
13.9 13.6 24.7
14.9 26.1
14.9 14.9 25.1
13.8 24.9
24.7
15.2 24.5
15.2 24.5
25.5
26.1
26.1
26.1
0-67D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-68D
YEAR
1975 D
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979 D
1980 D
1981 D
1982 D
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987 D
1988 D
1989 D
1990 D
1991 D
1992 D
1993 D
1994 D
1995 D
1996 D
1997 D
1998 D
1999 D
2000 D
2001 D
2002 D
2003 D
2004 D
2005 D
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Others Vans
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500 All
39.0
38.6
21.6
12.9
12.6
20.8
12. 6
12.9
20.2D
27.4D
21.6D
20.8D
0-68D
-------
Table 0-69D
YEAR
1975 D
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979
1980
1981 D
1982 D
1983 D
1984 D
1985 D
1986
1987 D
1988 D
1989 D
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994 D
1995 D
1996 D
1997 D
1998 D
1999 D
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Appendix O
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Others SUVs
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
25.6
27.3
27.0
20.8
19.3
19.3
4000
18.7
18.5
21.8
22.0
4500
13.5 13.0
16.4 17.2
20.2
5000
17.5
18.5
20.1
20.0
20.8
20.6
5500
6000
6500
18.0
18.1
18.0
All
13.ID
17.ID
25.6D
27.3D
21.3D
19.2D
19.2D
17.5D
19.2D
20.ID
20.OD
20.5D
20.9D
0-69D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-70D
YEAR
1975 D
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979 D
1980
1981 D
1982 D
1983 D
1984
1985 D
1986 D
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992 D
1993 D
1994 D
1995 D
1996 D
1997 D
1998 D
1999 D
2000 D
2001 D
2002 D
2003 D
2004 D
2005 D
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Others Pickups
1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
All
16.6
19.1
24.9
23.2 20.0
20.8
17.4
21.8
17.9
18.7D
24.9D
22.8D
20.8D
17.4D
21.8D
17.9D
0-70D
-------
Table 0-7 ID
YEAR
1975 D
1976 D
1977 D
1978 D
1979
1980
1981 D
1982 D
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994 D
1995 D
1996 D
1997 D
1998 D
1999 D
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Appendix O
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Others Trucks
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
39.0
38.6
24.9
25.6
4000
13.5
16.4
21.6
27
27
.3
.0
23
21
20
19
19
.2
.8
.8
.3
.3
20.
20.
17.
17.
18.
18.
0
8
4
9
7
5
21.8
22.0
4500
13.0
17.4
20.2
5000
17.5
18.5
20.1
20.0
20.8
20.6
5500
6000
6500 All
12.9
12.6
20.8
12. 6
12.9
18.0
18.1
18.0
13.ID
17.3D
20.2D
25.7D
21.6D
20.9D
22.8D
20.8D
17.4D
24.2D
21.OD
19.2D
19.2D
17.5D
19.2D
20.ID
20.OD
20.5D
20.9D
0-71D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-72
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 Others All
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
All
31.9
31.9
30.1
30.8
31.0
33.3
32.9
34.8
36.9
31.9
33.5
37.7
43.8
46.5
43.2
46.5
26
24
26
23
28
30
30
30
39
38
32
38
38
37
38
29
.6
.6
.8
.6
.5
.4
.0
.0
.0
.6
.9
.3
.5
.9
.4
.2
23,
24,
22,
22,
27,
28,
29,
29,
29,
29,
29,
29,
29,
29,
32,
19,
22,
22,
.4
.1
.6
.2
.4
.5
.6
.5
.8
.8
.1
.1
.2
.2
.1
.7
.2
.2
22
21
22
21
22
28
27
28
29
28
28
27
27
27
26
29
28
27
20
24
23
23
35
35
34
35
.0
.6
.2
.1
.7
.0
.9
. 7
.3
.5
.5
.0
.5
.7
.6
.9
.1
.2
.7
.2
.6
.6
.5
.6
.7
.4
21.
20.
22.
22.
20.
23.
24.
23.
24.
25.
26.
26.
25.
24.
23.
24.
25.
28.
29.
29.
29.
30.
28.
27.
25.
25.
25.
27.
29.
29.
31.
0
5
1
0
5
6
0
5
1
5
3
5
4
4
5
4
7
1
0
5
0
3
0
0
1
3
6
4
4
9
0
17
18
20
19
21
23
25
24
22
23
23
23
22
22
23
22
21
22
22
26
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
.1
.4
.0
.9
.7
.9
.3
.3
.6
.2
.6
.4
.9
.9
.0
.7
.5
.3
.9
.0
.9
.4
.2
.3
.4
.4
.4
.9
.8
.5
.3
15.
18.
17.
16.
14.
18.
18.
18.
18.
21.
20.
18.
19.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
22.
22.
23.
12.
22.
22.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
22.
8
8
7
9
9
2
8
5
8
1
4
4
4
7
6
3
1
0
4
4
4
5
4
3
7
1
6
8
9
3
9
13
14
14
14
13
17
18
16
27
17
16
16
16
16
16
19
18
22
21
22
22
22
22
21
23
23
24
23
.6
.2
.9
.1
.1
.4
.6
.2
.6
.9
.2
.5
.7
.7
. 7
.5
.9
.0
.8
.3
.4
.4
.3
.1
.6
.6
.3
.4
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
11.
12.
12.
17.
17.
18.
20.
20.
20.
20.
3
0
8
8
7
9
7
4
4
4
4
5
5
1
0
8
6
10
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
12
11
11
18
10
12
12
13
13
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
14
16
16
18
18
18
.2
.3
.1
.8
.8
.7
.5
.1
.0
.8
.0
.7
.9
.2
.5
.1
.2
.1
.0
.0
.1
.7
.0
.0
.9
.1
.1
.0
.1
.0
21.7
21.7
22.9
22.1
21.5
25.9
26.7
27.4
12.6 26.6
12.9 26.2
10. 1 25.1
10. 1 25.6
10.4 25.6
11. 8 25.1
23.8
23.5
22.6
22.9
13.6 23.1
13.9 13.6 24.7
13.9 13.6 24.7
14.9 26.1
14.9 14.9 25.1
13.8 24.9
24.7
15.2 24.2
15.2 23.2
24.5
24.9
24.5
24.3
0-72D
-------
Table 0-73
YEAR
Appendix O
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 All Cars
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
57.4
55. 9
56. 8
51. 6
59.4
65.3
65.3
65.3
65.3
65. 8
31.4
32.6
36.0
34.9
32.0
33.0
38.4
40.3
43.6
44.3
44.4
36.6
40.0
43.6
43.5
47.5
47.1
47.3
48.6
48.9
53.7
52.3
54.4
53.6
50.3
61.6
75.6
75.3
75.1
73.8
74.3
28.3
29.6
32.1
31.9
31.5
32.3
34.5
35.6
36.1
37.1
37.7
38.5
39.0
38.9
38.7
39.6
38.1
39.7
38.7
39.6
40.4
38.9
39.3
39.0
38.6
39.6
39.3
51.5
50.8
62.6
33.8
23.9
26.1
29.2
28.0
27.9
27.9
29.2
31.1
31.9
32.6
32.5
33.8
33.4
34.2
34.3
35.1
35.8
35.9
36.5
36.0
37.5
37.4
37.0
37.4
35.9
36.7
36.2
37.3
40.8
38.6
40.9
21.7
24.3
24.7
24.9
24.0
25.9
27.8
28.8
30.3
30.1
30.6
30.7
30.8
31.5
31.8
31.9
32.4
32.5
32.8
33.5
33.9
33.9
34.0
34.6
34.6
34.3
36.0
36.3
37.1
36.9
37.1
21.4
23.4
23.0
22.4
22.0
23.6
24.4
25.7
25.8
26.4
27.1
27.5
27.8
28.4
28.4
28.5
28.1
28.4
28.7
29.1
29.7
30.0
30.0
30.1
30.1
30.6
31.6
31.4
32.7
33.3
33.3
18.1
19.4
20.3
20.2
20.2
20.7
22.3
22.4
22.7
22.8
23.3
24.3
24.5
25.3
25.1
25.5
25.3
25.5
26.0
26.1
26.4
26.5
26.7
27.1
27.2
27.1
27.2
27.8
28.1
28.2
28.6
15.6
17.6
17.9
18.0
17.7
18.8
20.3
20.6
20.3
20.6
21.8
22.1
21.7
22.2
23.0
23.0
23.3
23.4
23.6
23.5
23.5
23.8
23.8
23.8
24.1
24.3
24.5
24.6
24.9
25.4
25.7
14.3
15.7
16.5
16.3
16.6
18.9
20.5
25.5
20.3
20.8
23.2
16.8
10.9
22.4
21.2
19.4
19.9
21.9
22.0
22.3
22.4
22.9
22.2
22.0
22.1
21.9
22.2
22.3
22.9
22.7
23.0
12.9
14.6
14.0
14.4
14.4
12.5
11.7
11.2
11.5
11.2
10.9
10.7
11.4
12.3
12.4
10.9
17.3
18.9
20.0
19.8
19.9
20.2
20.2
19.7
18.3
18.2
19.1
19.6
18.3
18.0
12.3
13.2
12.7
12.7
11.0
10.7
10.5
10.1
10.9
11.0
11.0
11.0
10.9
12.2
12.5
13.1
13.2
14.1
15.6
17 .7
18.2
17.8
18.1
17.0
14.9
18.1
16.1
16.1
17.9
17.8
10. 1
10. 1
10.4
11. 8
17. 6
13. 9
13. 9
14. 9
14. 9
14. 9
19.3
15. 0
17.6
17. 6
18.2
16.5
16.3
13.6
13.6
14.9
13.8
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
16.2
16.2
15.8
17.5
18.4
20.0
20.3
23.5
25.1
26.1
25.7
26.3
26.9
28.0
28.2
28.6
28.2
27.8
28.0
27.6
28.1
28.0
28.3
28.3
28.4
28.5
28.2
28.2
28.5
28.8
28.9
29.0
29.1
0-73D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-74
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 All Wagons
YEAR 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
31.2
32.2
32.0
30.3
32.6
34.0
35.9
37.2
37.2
35.9
36.9
37.3
25
26
29
27
27
29
30
31
33
33
34
33
33
33
34
36
38
35
35
35
37
38
33
33
33
.0
.8
.7
.8
.9
.2
.2
.4
.1
.3
.4
.0
.5
.8
.5
.6
.4
.5
.9
.8
.8
.0
.8
.9
. 7
21
25
25
24
25
32
27
28
29
30
30
29
30
31
31
32
33
34
34
35
34
33
34
33
34
34
34
33
37
38
.9
.4
.7
.0
.3
.0
.1
. 7
.6
.0
.0
.9
.9
.6
.5
.1
.8
.0
.2
.2
.6
.8
.2
.9
.5
.4
.0
.8
.6
.3
21.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
24.
25.
25.
27.
27.
27.
29.
28.
29.
29.
29.
29.
29.
29.
28.
29.
29.
29.
29.
31.
32.
31.
34.
33.
34.
5
9
9
1
2
8
2
6
8
4
5
9
0
9
3
6
8
5
1
1
5
2
9
7
2
1
4
6
3
8
6
18.9
19.0
19.5
19.7
20.1
21.2
21.3
22.6
23.9
23.8
24.1
25.2
25.1
25.5
25.2
25.4
26.1
26.5
26.5
26.5
26.7
26.9
27.0
27.1
27.2
27.3
27.3
26.3
27.0
28.2
28.0
14.
18.
17.
18.
18.
19.
20.
21.
20.
20.
21.
21.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
24.
23.
24.
25.
24.
24.
24.
24.
25.
26.
26.
26.
25.
5
2
7
1
3
3
5
0
1
3
0
6
0
2
5
3
8
2
2
9
9
1
9
6
9
7
4
2
2
2
9
13
14
16
16
16
19
20
19
19
19
21
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
23
20
18
21
22
22
.9 12.6
.5 14.7
.5 14.5
.2 15.3
.0
.2
.2
.0
.5
.9
.0
.0
.3
.9
.4
.8
.8
. 7
.5
.9
.8
.2
.3
. 7
.6
.3 21.8
.7 21.8
11.9
13.5
12.4
13.5
All
16.1
17.3
18.0
19.2
19.7
23.6
25.6
25.3
27.2
26.4
27.5
27.1
27.2
27.6
26.9
26.7
28.0
27.5
29.6
29.4
29.6
27.7
28.9
28.3
27.7
27.7
26.9
26.7
29.1
28.6
27.8
0-74D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-75
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 All Cars and Wagons
YEAR 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
57.4
55. 9
56. 8
51. 6
59.4
65.3
65.3
65.3
65.3
65. 8
31.4
32.6
36.0
34.9
32.0
33.0
38.4
40.3
43.6
44.3
44.4
36.6
40.0
43.6
43.5
47.5
47.1
47.3
48.6
48.9
53.7
52.3
54.4
53.6
50.3
61.6
75.6
75.3
75.1
73.8
74.3
28.3
29.6
32.1
31.9
31.4
32.4
34.4
35.6
36.2
37.1
37.5
38.5
39.0
38.9
38.7
39.6
38.1
39.7
38.7
39.6
40.4
38.9
39.3
39.0
38.6
39.6
39.3
51.5
50.8
62.6
33.8
24.4
26.2
29.3
27.9
27.9
28.0
29.4
31.2
32.2
32.7
32.8
33.7
33.4
34.1
34.4
35.1
35.8
35.9
36.5
36.0
37.5
37.4
37.0
37.3
35.9
36.7
36.2
37.3
40.8
38.6
40.9
21.7
24.5
24.8
24.8
24.0
26.1
27 . 7
28.8
30.2
30.1
30.6
30.6
30.8
31.5
31.8
31.9
32.5
32.6
33.0
33.6
33.9
33.9
34.0
34.6
34.6
34.3
35.9
36.3
37.1
37.0
37.2
21.4
23.5
23.2
22.5
22.1
23.6
24.4
25.7
25.8
26.4
27.1
27.5
27.9
28.4
28.4
28.6
28.1
28.4
28.7
29.1
29.7
29.9
30.0
30.1
30.1
30.6
31.6
31.4
32.8
33.4
33.4
18.2
19.4
20.2
20.2
20.2
20.7
22.2
22.4
22.8
22.9
23.4
24.4
24.6
25.4
25.1
25.5
25.4
25.6
26.0
26.1
26.4
26.5
26.7
27.1
27.2
27.1
27.2
27 .7
28.0
28.2
28.6
15.6
17.7
17.9
18.0
17.8
18.8
20.3
20.6
20.3
20.6
21.7
22.1
21.7
22.2
23.0
23.0
23.3
23.4
23.6
23.5
23.5
23.9
23.8
23.8
24.2
24.4
24.6
24.8
25.0
25.4
25.7
14.3
15.7
16.5
16.3
16.5
19.0
20.4
21.0
19.9
20.2
21.0
21.5
22.3
22.6
21.8
20.3
20.9
22.1
22.1
22.4
22.4
22.9
22.2
22.0
22.1
21.9
22.0
22.3
22.8
22.6
22.9
12.9
14.6
14.1
14.6
14.4
12.5
11.7
11.2
11.5
11.2
10.9
10.7
11.4
12.3
12.4
10.9
17.3
18.9
20.0
19.8
19.9
20.2
20.2
19.7
18.3
18.2
19.1
19.6
21.7
21.6
12.2
13.3
12.6
12.8
11.0
10.7
10.5
10.1
10.9
11.0
11.0
11.0
10.9
12.2
12.5
13.1
13.2
14.1
15.6
17 .7
18.2
17.8
18.1
17.0
14.9
18.1
16.1
16.1
17.9
17.8
10. 1
10. 1
10.4
11. 8
17. 6
13. 9
13. 9
14. 9
14. 9
14. 9
19.3
15. 0
17.6
17. 6
18.2
16.5
16.3
13.6
13.6
14.9
13.8
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
16.2
16.2
15.8
17.5
18.3
19.9
20.3
23.5
25.1
26.0
25.9
26.3
27.0
27.9
28.1
28.6
28.1
27.8
28.0
27.6
28.2
28.1
28.3
28.3
28.4
28.5
28.2
28.2
28.4
28.6
28.9
28.9
28.9
0-75D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-76
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 All Vans
1750
2000
2250
2500
39.0
38.6
2750
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.3
3000
21.
25.
26.
26.
26.
27.
26.
26.
26.
28.
28.
28.
27.
27.
2
7
1
9
6
4
3
4
2
3
5
4
7
7
3500
19.0
19.5
20.2
19.4
18.7
19.0
19.3
20.9
19.5
24.2
23.5
24.3
24.1
24.5
24.3
25.2
25.3
25.7
25.3
24.7
25.1
27.0
24.2
27.0
26.9
4000
14.
14.
16.
15.
16.
18.
18.
18.
18.
18.
19.
21.
21.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
23.
23.
23.
23.
24.
24.
24.
25.
25.
25.
0
1
1
6
5
4
7
8
8
0
8
1
7
2
5
2
5
6
6
7
9
5
4
8
9
2
6
9
4
2
4
4500
11
13
13
13
13
16
17
16
17
17
16
17
17
17
17
18
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
21
22
22
23
23
23
23
24
.6
.3
.5
.0
.6
.3
.1
.8
.3
.0
.1
.5
.3
.9
.5
.7
.1
.2
.8
.3
.1
.6
. 7
.5
.1
.3
.5
.3
.6
.7
.2
5000
12.0
12.4
12.4
12.5
11.8
14.2
14.8
15.1
17.1
15.6
15.4
16.0
15.9
16.7
16.5
16.5
16.6
17.5
17.7
17.6
17.8
17.8
19.0
18.6
18.2
18.4
19.1
18.7
19.3
20.1
20.6
5500
11.1
11.4
12.4
12.3
13.4
18.2
14.5
12.9
15.0
14.6
14.2
14.4
14.4
15.2
15.9
16.1
16.2
16.2
15.8
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.2
17.4
17.5
18.2
18.7
19.5
6000
11.
11.
13.
12.
10.
10.
11.
12.
12.
21.
23.
22.
21.
21.
21.
20.
15.
21.
15.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
17.
18.
19.
18.
1
9
0
5
6
9
9
6
9
3
1
9
7
3
5
4
0
3
5
1
1
3
4
0
2
0
1
5
3
3
6500 All
10.6 13.1
11.5 13.9
12.3 14.7
11.7 14.2
13.5
16.6
17.5
17.3
17.7
18.9
19.5
20.6
20.9
21.2
21.1
21.2
21.4
21.5
21.9
21.5
21.8
22.2
22.1
22.7
22.3
14.2 22.8
22.1
23.0
23.5
23.2
23.8
0-76D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-77
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 All SUVs
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
All
25.7
25.2
25.2
25.2 24.8
25.2 24.8
28.8
28.8
33.1
33.1
33.3
33.4
23
23
22
31
31
31
30
29
29
29
29
28
28
.6
.2
.6
.3
.9
.2
.0
.4
.4
. 7
.3
.4
.5
16.
17.
18.
18.
20.
25.
29.
28.
28.
29.
29.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
31.
31.
31.
8
8
6
1
8
6
3
7
9
0
0
6
4
5
6
5
0
1
0
15.4
16.8
16.8
17.2
19.7
20.9
20.3
20.5
22.7
24.2
24.0
22.8
22.8
22.2
23.4
27.0
23.7
24.1
23.8
23.5
28.2
27.9
28.9
29.4
29.3
29.5
30.3
29.6
30.7
30.9
14.3
15.6
16.3
17.2
16.6
24.4
21.7
22.2
21.9
22.3
21.4
21.1
21.0
20.5
20.0
19.9
20.2
19.8
20.4
22.6
24.0
25.3
24.0
24.7
25.8
26.2
25.9
27.3
13
13
14
14
14
16
16
19
21
21
22
21
20
20
21
20
20
20
20
19
19
19
20
20
21
21
21
21
22
22
23
.2
.3
.5
.2
.4
.0
.9
.4
.9
.8
.0
.1
.4
.8
.2
.5
.9
.4
.5
. 7
.5
.9
.2
.7
.2
.1
.7
.9
.9
.7
.9
13
13
15
14
12
14
15
15
15
14
15
15
14
15
14
17
19
19
19
19
19
20
19
20
19
19
20
19
20
21
21
.5
.9
.4
.7
.9
.5
.8
. 7
.7
.8
.0
.6
.6
.0
.9
.5
.8
.4
.7
.9
.9
.2
.8
.1
.7
.9
.4
.9
.7
.2
.1
11.1
12.8
13.6
13.0
11.4
14.0
15.3
15.1
15.7
15.3
15.7
16.4
15.7
16.1
15.9
16.0
15.8
15.7
16.1
16.5
17.0
17.0
18.0
17.3
17.4
17.6
17.1
18.9
19.3
19.4
19.4
10.5
11.2
11.7
11.8
10.6
13.8
14.1
21.2
20.2
17.9
16.1
15.7
16.8
16.5
17.5
17.3
17.2
16.3
16.8
16.8
16.9
17.4
17.4
17.0
17.5
18.2
18.5
18.4
18.3
18.6
18.8
10.
11.
11.
11.
13.
21.
20.
21.
21.
22.
20.
18.
15.
16.
15.
14.
15.
16.
15.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
17.
17.
17.
18.
3
9
9
4
4
2
8
0
4
1
9
3
8
0
7 20.2
9
8
1
7
8
7
1
5
6
8
7
4
7
3
13.0
13.8
15.1
14.4
12.6
15.5
16.8
17.6
19.1
19.3
19.8
20.2
20.6
20.4
20.0
19.8
20.3
19.9
19.9
19.7
19.6
20.0
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.8
20.6
20.8
20.9
21.2
0-77D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-78
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 All Pickups
YEAR 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
All
27.2
25.0 27.5
25.2 32.0 25.8
25.2 41.5 28.4
43.1 29.7
39.2 32.6
28.8 28.1
29.6
30.0
29.8
22
24
25
25
22
25
27
28
28
28
29
29
29
27
27
26
28
. 7
.1
.7
.8
.7
.2
.9
.3
.8
.2
.9
.5
. 7
.8
.6
.0
.2
20.7
22.3
28.6
27.5
23.9
23.6
27.1
26.4
26.4
26.6
26.3
26.8
27.0
27.4
27.6
28.2
27.5
27.1
27.4
28.0
27.3
27.2
26.6
27.3
27.2
26.7
27.1
27.7
27.7
27.4
15
16
17
18
18
18
21
22
23
22
23
23
22
22
22
23
23
24
24
25
26
26
27
26
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
.1
.5
.1
.5
.9
.7
.3
.3
.4
.7
.3
.2
.9
.8
.6
.1
.9
.7
.5
.3
.3
.3
.0
.1
.9
.9
.5
.9
.7
.4
.7
14.
15.
16.
16.
15.
18.
19.
18.
18.
18.
18.
19.
19.
19.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
21.
21.
21.
20.
20.
20.
20.
21.
21.
23.
1
3
7
1
9
7
2
7
5
5
5
2
1
7
1
2
4
4
5
9
9
6
5
3
7
8
7
9
4
8
1
11
12
13
13
14
15
16
17
17
16
16
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
19
18
18
18
19
19
19
20
20
19
20
20
20
.8
.6
.7
.6
.2
.7
.8
.1
.0
.8
.8
.4
.2
.8
.8
.0
.1
.4
.0
. 7
.6
.9
.8
.8
.9
.0
.0
.8
.2
.2
.8
11.0
11.7
12.9
12.8
12.9
15.9
16.9
18.9
18.0
17.4
16.3
16.3
16.0
16.4
16.0
16.4
16.2
16.7
16.9
17.0
16.8
17.3
18.2
17.6
18.1
18.4
18.6
18.7
18.9
19.1
19.4
10.0
11.4
11.8
12.1
11.3
13.3
13.3
22.4
22.1
21.9
21.1
21.1
21.1
16.9
19.2
18.6
17.5
16.3
17.0
16.9
15.9
15.3
17.0
16.4
16.3
16.2
16.3
17.0
17.2
18.6
18.4
12.
10.
9.
19.
19.
21.
20.
19.
18.
18.
18.
18.
15.
16.
15.
15.
17.
17.
18.
18.
6
9
9
6
6
2
5
5
1
1
7
7
6
8
8
8
5
6
4
3
14.0
14.6
16.0
11.8 15.7
15.5
12.0 19.4
21.0
21.7
22.2
21.5
21.4
22.2
22.5
21.5
21.2
20.7
21.7
20.9
21.1
21.0
20.4
20.8
20.4
20.7
19.9
20.5
19.6
19.5
19.9
20.0
11.9 20.0
0-78D
-------
Appendix O
Table 0-79
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 All Trucks
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
All
25.7
25.2
25.2
25.2
25.2
25.0
32.0
41.5
39.1
28.4
31.1
28.8
33.1
33.1
33.3
33.4
27.2
27.5
25.8
28.4
27.6
28.2
27.0
29.6
30.0
29.8
31.3
31.9
31.2
30.0
29.4
29.4
29.7
29.3
28.4
28.5
21.0
22.5
24.2
23.5
22.6
25.2
27.9
28.3
28.8
28.3
29.9
29.5
29.7
27.8
27.6
26.8
28.9
28.6
29.0
28.6
28.4
28.5
28.6
28.5
31.0
31.1
31.0
20.7
21.0
26.0
25.2
21.9
22.7
25.9
25.9
25.7
26.0
26.2
26.8
26.9
27.4
27.4
27.8
27.5
26.9
27.0
27.2
25.7
27.6
27.5
27.9
28.3
28.0
28.9
29.6
29.1
29.3
30.9
16.1
16.9
17.5
18.6
16.9
18.3
20.9
22.1
23.3
22.7
23.0
23.0
23.0
22.6
22.5
23.0
22.8
23.2
23.5
24.2
24.7
24.5
24.9
25.3
25.1
24.5
24.6
25.6
26.0
25.8
26.9
14.1
15.0
16.5
15.9
15.9
18.6
19.1
18.7
19.0
18.9
19.6
20.1
20.5
21.1
21.5
21.3
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.3
21.4
22.0
21.8
22.1
22.0
22.2
22.1
22.4
23.2
22.9
24.0
11.9
12.9
13.8
13.5
13.9
15.7
16.8
16.8
17.0
16.7
16.4
17.3
17.1
17.7
17.6
18.2
18.8
18.9
19.3
19.3
19.2
19.8
19.9
20.2
20.3
20.5
20.9
20.6
21.3
21.7
22.2
11.1
12.1
13.1
12.8
12.3
15.1
15.8
17.0
17.0
16.0
15.9
16.3
15.9
16.4
16.1
16.4
16.2
16.8
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.4
18.3
17.7
17.9
18.2
18.4
18.7
19.1
19.3
19.5
10.0
11.4
11.8
12.1
11.1
13.1
13.7
21.5
20.4
17.9
16.1
16.0
16.7
16.2
17.2
16.8
16.7
16.2
16.6
16.7
16.6
16.6
17.2
16.9
17.0
17.8
17.6
17 .7
17.8
18.6
18.6
10. 9
11. 9
12.4
11. 8
10. 8
12.3
21.1
20.2
20.4
21.4
22.2
21.2
18.7
15. 8
16.0
15. 8
14. 9
15. 8
16. 1
15. 8
16.7
16.7
15. 9
16.7
16. 6
16.5
17.7
17.5
17. 9
18.3
10.6 13.7
11.5 14.4
12.3 15.6
11.7 15.2
14.7
12.0 18.6
20.1
20.5
20.9
20.5
20.6
21.4
21.6
21.2
20.9
20.7
20.2 21.3
20.8
21.0
20.8
20.5
20.8
20.6
20.9
20.5
14.2 20.8
20.6
20.6
20.9
20.9
11.9 21.3
0-79D
-------
Table 0-80
YEAR
Appendix O
Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by Marketing Group, Vehicle Type and Inertia Weight
Model Year 1975 to 2005 All All
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
31
32
36
34
32
32
38
40
43
44
57.4 44
55.9 36
56.8 40
51.6 43
59.4 43
65.3 47
65.3 47
65.3 47
65.3 48
65.8 48
53
52
54
53
50
61
75
75
75
73
74
.4
.6
.0
.9
.0
.8
.3
.1
. 1
.3
.4
.6
.0
.6
.5
.5
. 1
.3
.6
.9
.7
.3
.4
.6
.3
.6
.6
.3
.1
.8
.3
28
29
32
31
31
32
34
35
36
37
37
38
38
37
38
39
38
39
38
39
40
38
39
39
38
39
39
51
50
62
33
.3
.6
.1
.9
.4
.4
.5
.6
.2
.0
.4
.2
.2
.8
.6
.6
.1
.7
.7
.6
.4
.9
.3
.0
.6
.6
.3
.5
.8
.6
.8
24
26
29
27
27
28
29
31
32
32
32
33
33
34
34
35
35
35
36
35
37
37
36
36
35
36
36
37
40
38
40
.4
.2
.3
.9
.9
.0
.3
.1
.0
.6
.8
.7
.4
.1
.3
.0
.7
.6
.2
.5
.1
.3
.9
.9
.9
. 7
.2
.3
.8
.6
.9
21
23
24
24
23
25
27
28
29
29
30
30
30
31
31
31
32
32
32
33
33
33
34
34
34
34
35
36
37
37
37
.4
.5
.5
.4
.5
.8
.8
. 7
.8
.9
.5
.5
. 7
.2
.5
.7
.4
.4
.9
.5
.8
.6
.0
.5
.6
.3
.9
.3
.1
.0
.2
21.4
23.3
23.6
22.8
22.1
23.5
24.6
25.7
25.8
26.3
26.9
27.3
27.7
28.2
28.2
28.5
28.0
28.1
28.4
28.8
29.1
29.7
29.7
29.8
29.9
30.5
31.4
31.3
32.7
33.2
33.4
18.1
19.2
19.9
20.1
20.1
20.6
22.1
22.4
22.9
22.9
23.3
24.0
24.0
24.5
24.4
24.9
24.7
25.1
25.4
25.5
26.0
26.1
26.3
26.7
26.8
26.6
26.7
27.3
27.6
27.8
28.4
14.
16.
17.
17.
17.
18.
19.
20.
20.
20.
21.
21.
21.
21.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
23.
23.
23.
23.
24.
8
5
5
1
3
8
9
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
0
1
2
3
2
1
2
7
6
6
7
9
1
3
8
9
8
13
15
15
15
15
17
18
17
17
17
16
17
17
18
17
18
18
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
21
20
21
21
22
.8
.0
.9
.3
.4
.1
.3
.9
.6
.3
.8
.7
.6
.1
.9
.3
.9
.1
.5
.4
.3
.0
.0
.2
.3
.5
.0
. 7
.5
.8
.3
12.6
14.1
13.9
13.8
12.7
15.1
15.8
16.9
16.9
15.9
15.8
16.2
15.8
16.4
16.1
16.4
16.2
16.8
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.4
18.3
17.7
17.9
18.2
18.4
18.7
19.1
19.4
19.5
12.0
13.1
12.4
12.4
11.1
13.1
13.5
21.4
20.3
17.9
16.1
16.0
16.6
16.2
17.1
16.7
16.6
16.2
16.6
16.7
16.7
16.6
17.2
16.9
17.0
17.8
17.6
17 .7
17.8
18.6
18.6
10.
11.
12.
11.
10.
12.
21.
20.
20.
21.
22.
21.
18.
15.
16.
15.
14.
15.
16.
15.
16.
16.
15.
16.
16.
16.
17.
17.
17.
18.
9
9
4
8
8
3
1
2
4
3
1
0
7
8
0
8
9
9
1
8
7
7
9
7
6
6
7
5
9
3
10,
11,
12,
11,
12,
20,
13,
13,
14,
13,
15,
15,
15,
15,
16,
16,
.6
.5
.3
.7
.0
.2
.6
.6
.9
.8
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
15.3
16.7
17.7
18.6
18.7
22.5
24.1
24.7
24.6
24.6
25.0
25.7
25.9
25.9
25.4
25.2
25.4
24.9
25.1
24.6
24.7
24.8
24.5
24.5
24.1
24.3
24.2
24.1
24.3
24.4
24.6
0-80D
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA420-R-05-001
July 2005
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2005
Appendix P: MY20Q5 Fuel Economy by
Vehicle Type, Weight, and Marketing Group
Robert M. Heavenrich D
Advanced Technology DivisionD
Office of Transportation and Air Quality D
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency D
NOTICED
This Technical Report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. D
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. D
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate an exchange q/D
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments. D
-------
Table P-l
Weight
GM
Appendix P
Model Year 2005 Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by
Inertia Weight Class and Marketing Group for Cars
Ford DC Toyota Honda Nissan HK VW
Others All
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
All
34,
32,
28,
25,
21,
20,
19,
28,
.5
.9
.8
.6
.4
.1
.0
.9
28 ,
32 ,
26,
25,
23,
26,
.4
.8
.1
.5
.1
.9
37
32
27
25
22
17
16
27
.1
. 1
.8
.5
. 6
.1
.2
.1
45.3
40.9
39.3
34.8
31.0
26.8
23.8
32.9
74,
66,
38 ,
38 ,
30,
26,
33,
.3
.4
.9
.6
.8
.4
.1
36,
33,
29,
25,
29,
.1
.9
.7
.8
.2
36.
33.
32.
27.
23.
29.
6
4
6
4
9
8
32
29
26
22
19
17
13
28
.2
.6
.8
.5
.7
.7
.8
.4
29
35
31
25
24
23
20
17
26
.2
.4
.0
.3
.1
.4
.3
.0
.1
74.3
33.8
40.9
37.1
33.3
28 .6
25.7
23.0
18.0
17.8
16.3
16.2
29.1
Table P-2
Weight
GM
Model Year 2005 Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by
Inertia Weight Class and Marketing Group for Wagons
Ford DC Toyota Honda Nissan HK VW
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
D
D
D
D
D
34.4 D 33.0
28.5 D 26.5
25.3 D 25.2
D
D
D
D
D
27
26
22
21
38.3
35.7
.7
.2
.8
.8
31.3
27.6
21.5
Others All
25.9
25.5
All
29.7 D 27.5
25.3
36.3
28.5
25.!
38 .3D
34.6D
28 .OD
25.9D
22 .70
21.8D
27.!
P-1D
-------
Appendix P
Table P-3
Model Year 2005 Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by
Inertia Weight Class and Marketing Group for Cars and Wagons
Weight GM Ford DC Toyota Honda Nissan HK
All
VW
28.9
26.9
26.6
33.1
33.1
29.2
29.!
28.4
Others All
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
34,
33,
28,
25,
21,
20,
19,
.5
.0
.8
.6
.4
.1
.0
28 ,
32 ,
26,
25,
23,
.4
.8
.1
.5
.1
37
32
27
25
22
21
16
.1
.1
.8
.7
.7
. 6
.2
45
40
39
35
31
26
23
.3
.9
.2
.1
.0
.8
.8
74,
66,
38 ,
38 ,
30,
26,
.3
.4
.9
.6
.8
.4
36.
33.
29.
25.
,1
,9
,7
,8
36.
33.
32.
27.
23.
6
4
6
4
9
32
29
26
22
19
17
13
.2
.9
.9
.2
.7
.7
.8
29
35
31
25
24
23
20
17
.2
.4
.0
.3
.1
.4
.3
.0
74,
33,
40,
37,
33,
28 ,
25,
22 ,
21,
17,
16,
16,
.3
.8
.9
.2
.4
.6
.7
.9
.6
.8
.3
.2
26.1
28.9
Table P-4
Weight
All
GM
Model Year 2005 Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by
Inertia Weight Class and Marketing Group for Vans
Ford DC Toyota Honda Nissan HK VW
1750 D
2000 D
2250 D
2500 D
2750 D
3000 D
3500 D
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500 D
24,
23,
19,
19,
18,
.2
.2
.5
.6
.5
D
D
D
D
D
25,
23,
19,
19,
16,
.6 25.7
.4 23.8
.2
.0
.9
25.1
25.0
21.9 D 23.5
24.7
25.0
25.7
24 .8
25.7
24 .8
21.3
21.3
Others All
25.4
24.2
20.6
19.5
18 .3
23.!
P-2D
-------
Appendix P
Table P-5D
Weight
GM
Model Year 2005 Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by
Inertia Weight Class and Marketing Group for SUVs
Ford DC Toyota Honda Nissan HK VW
Others All
1750 D
2000 D
2250 D
2500 D
2750 D
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500 D
28
24
21
19
19
18
.1
.4
.3
.8
.1
.5
25,
23,
19,
18 ,
19,
18 ,
.7
.9
.7
.6
.0
.1
23
21
21
18
17
15
.8
.7
.5
.6
.3
.1
30
28
25
22
19
19
17
.9
.3 28.3
.9 26.4
.7 21.8
.7
.1
.0
25.
21.
20 .
18.
17.
7
3
5
1
4
28.2
24.8
20.6
All
21.0
20.0
20.5
23.0
24.4
21.2
23.4
19.5
19.5
22.0
20.6
18.0
20.9
30.9D
27.3D
23.9D
21.ID
19.4D
18.8D
18.3D
21.2
Table P-6D
Weight
GM
Model Year 2005 Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by
Inertia Weight Class and Marketing Group for Pickups
Ford DC Toyota Honda Nissan HK VW
Others All
1750 D
2000 D
2250 D
2500 D
2750 D
3000 D
3500 25,
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
All
24,
21,
20,
18,
18,
11,
20,
.4
.1
.7
.2
.7
.6
.9
.7
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
25,
21,
19,
19,
18 ,
18 ,
19,
.5
.3
.7
.7
.7
.2
.7
20
18
17
16
18
.8
.4
.2
.2
.7
27.
23.
21.
19.
18.
21.
0
5
3
5
7
6
25.7
18.5
17.9
18 .7
25.7
23.1
20.8
19.4
18 .4
18 .3
11.9
20.0
P-3D
-------
Appendix P
Table P-7
Weight
All
GM
Model Year 2005 Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by
Inertia Weight Class and Marketing Group for Trucks
Toyota Honda Nissan HK
21.(
Ford
DC
1750 D
2000 D
2250 D
2500 D
2750 D
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
27
24
22
20
19
18
11
.5
.3
.0
.0
.0
.5
.9
25,
23,
20,
19,
18 ,
18 ,
.6
.2
.8
.0
.8
.2
23.8
23.7
22.4
18.5
17.3
16.0
30.9
27.8
24.5
23.4
19.5
19.0
17.0
28
26
23
.3
.4
.4
25.
23.
19.
17.
17.
7
6
8
9
4
28.2
24.8
20.6
21.3
20.3
21.2
22.9
24.!
21.(
22.9
VW
19.5
19.5
Others All
22.0
20.6
18.0
20.9
30.9D
26.9D
24.OD
22.2D
19.5D
18.6D
18.3D
11.9D
21.3D
Table P-E
Weight
GM
Model Year 2005 Laboratory 55/45 Fuel Economy by
Inertia Weight Class and Marketing Group for All
Ford DC Toyota Honda Nissan HK VW
Others All
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
All
34.
33.
28.
25.
22.
20.
19.
18.
11.
24.
,5
,0
,6
,0
,0
,0
,0
,5
,9
,0
28 ,
32 ,
26,
24,
21,
19,
18 ,
18,
22 ,
.4
.8
.0
.4
.4
.0
.8
.2
.8
37
32
27
24
22
18
17
16
16
23
. 1
. 1
.4
.4
.5
.7
.3
.0
.2
.2
45.3
40.9
39.2
34.3
30. 6
25.3
23.4
19.5
19.0
17.0
27.5
74,
66,
38 ,
38 ,
30,
26,
23,
29,
.3
.4
.9
.6
.2
.4
.4
.3
36.
33.
29.
25.
23.
19.
17.
17.
25.
,1
,9
,7
,8
,6
,8
,9
,4
,4
36.
33.
32.
27.
24.
20.
21.
26.
6
4
6
6
6
6
3
1
32.2
29.9
26.9
22.2
19.7
19.2
13.8
27.3
29
35
31
25
22
23
20
18
24
.2
.4
.0
.3
.9
.4
. 6
.0
.3
74.3
33.8
40.9
37.2
33.4
28 .4
24.8
22 .3
19.5
18 .6
18.3
16.1
24.6
P-4D
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA420-R-05-001
July 2005
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2005
Appendix Q: Data Stratified by
Marketing Group and Vehicle Type
Robert M. Heavenrich D
Advanced Technology DivisionD
Office of Transportation and Air Quality D
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency D
NOTICED
This Technical Report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. D
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. D
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate an exchange q/D
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments. D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-l
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 GM Marketing Group s Cars
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
< FUEL EC
LAB CITY
15.2 11.9
16
17
19
19
22
23
24
23
24
25
27
27
28
2 7
27
2 7
26
2 7
27
27
28
28
27
2 7
27
28
28
28
29
28
. 7
. 9
. 2
.4
.1
.4
. 6
. 7
.5
. 7
.4
. 3
. 6
.4
. 2
.8
i\
.5
.4
. 2
. 1
. 6
.4
. 6
.1
.5
.4
.0
. 9
13
14
15
15
17
18
18
18
18
19
20
20
21.
20
20
20
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
21.
21.
21
21.
. 2
.1
.0
3
.2
.1
_ 7
. 0
.6
.4
. 5
. 6
.2
. 6
.3
. 2
.7
?
.4
.2
.8
.8
.4
. 3
.4
.8
.2
.0
.4
.4
ONOMY
HWY
14 .4
15.
16.
18.
18.
21.
2 2 ,
24 .
23.
24.
2 6 ,
9 •-i
28 .
29 .
28 .
28.
28 .
28.
29.
29 .
29 .
29 .
29.
29.
29.
29.
29 .
29 .
30.
31.
30.
. 9
.8
^
. 1
^
. 9
_ 7
. 9
.8
. 3
9
. 3
. 3
.8
.8
.8
. 6
n
.0
. 1
. 9
.8
. 2
. 0
.4
.8
9
. 1
.1
. 6
55/45
12 . 9
14 .
15.
16.
16.
18.
20 .
21 .
20 .
21 .
2 2 .
23.
23.
24 .
23.
23.
23.
22.
23 .
2 3
2 3
24 .
24 .
23.
23.
23.
24 .
24 .
24 .
24 .
24 .
. 2
.2
.4
S
.8
. 0
. 0
. 2
.0
. 0
. 3
.5
.2
. 6
.4
. 3
. 9
5
. 6
.4
. 1
. 1
. 6
.5
. 7
. 1
.4
. 3
. 9
.7
WGHT
LB
4469
4358
4140
3744
3713
3337
3395
3307
3407
3311
3283
3127
3146
3119
3157
3234
3228
3289
3248
3266
3331
3295
3303
3364
3404
3433
3438
3404
3485
3429
3484
VOL
CU-FT
112
111
112
109
112
110
113
109
111
108
109
109
110
109
108
109
109
108
110
109
110
111
110
111
111
111
112
112
112
.8
. 9
.1
.5
.0
. 8
. 8
.1
.0
.8
.4
.4
. 3
.6
. 9
.8
. 4
~j
. 9
.5
. 0
. 2
.5
.4
.6
.1
.8
.5
ENGINE
CID HP
341 150
327
311
286
281
220
222
207
219
208
205
187
188
177
184
181
185
190
186
184
189
184
182
190
187
188
189
192
191
189
190
147
144
134
135
113
110
109
116
115
116
115
122
121
132
136
138
146
145
148
164
164
168
174
170
173
176
178
182
182
189
0-60
TIME
14 .0
14 .
13.
13.
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
13.
13 .
13.
13.
12.
12.
11 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9
9
9 ,
9 .
. 0
. 6
.4
.2
.8
. 3
. 2
.8
. 6
.4
. 1
. 6
. 5
.8
.8
. 6
3
2
.2
.4
.4
. 2
.1
. 3
. 3
.1
. 9
.8
. 7
. 7
TOP
SPEED
113
113
114
113
114
109
108
108
110
110
111
112
114
114
118
119
120
122
122
123
128
128
130
131
130
130
131
133
133
134
135
HP/
CID
0.452
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
.463
.469
.481
.497
.545
.528
.562
.557
.583
.598
.645
.679
.713
.743
.778
.778
.801
. 810
.826
.887
.898
.929
.918
.919
.924
.940
.943
. 974
. 980
. 007
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
HP/
WT
.0334
.0333
.0346
.0355
.0360
.0337
.0322
.0328
.0338
. 0343
.0351
.0362
. 0383
.0384
.0414
.0416
.0423
.0438
.0442
.0446
.0487
.0487
.0500
.0508
.0494
.0496
.0507
.0517
.0520
.0527
.0534
TON
-MPG
34 .0
36 .
37 .
36.
36.
36.
39 ,
40.
40.
40.
42 .
42.
43.
44 .
43.
44 .
44 .
44 .
44 .
45.
45.
46.
46.
46.
46.
47.
48.
48.
49.
49.
50.
.5
. 1
.2
.2
. 9
.8
. 9
.5
9
. 3
.8
. 3
. 3
.7
.4
.1
.1
. 6
.1
. 6
.4
.4
.4
.7
.4
.4
.5
.5
. 8
Q
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
2043
2191
2209
2455
2660
2780
2736
2721
2902
3022
3056
3149
3089
3034
3010
2980
304 6
3043
3073
3121
3113
3090
3054
3096
3160
3192
3218
3287
3270
4193D
4058D
4067D
4066D
4491D
4561D
4619D
4464D
4709D
4663D
4745D
4856D
4823D
4867D
4809D
4853D
4897D
4912D
5068D
5096D
5113D
5166D
5168D
5296D
5412D
5410D
5600D
5621D
5662D
PERCENT OF GM Ca
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVESD
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
Q-1D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-2
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 GM Marketing Group s Wagons
YEAR < FUEL ECONOMY >
LAB CITY HWY 55/45
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
HP/
WT
2638
2681
2677
3007
3219
3223
3285
3422
3514
3614
3631
3763
3693
3606
3635
3648
3619
3663
3701
3654
3663
3650
3626
3596
3616
3431
3652
3732
3659
5657
5283
5232
5566
5830
5687
5643
5767
5959
6128
6179
6421
6437
6236
6499
6505
6132
6258
6199
6229
5898
5859
5955
6085
6725
6365
6202
6459
6178
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING D
FI PORT TBI
CARB D DSL
NUMBER OF VALVESD
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
Q-2D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-3 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 GM Marketing Group s Cars and Wagons
YEAR
WGHT
LB
4470
4376
4156
3761
3735
3354
3407
3333
3413
3321
3295
3149
3169
3136
3173
3245
3240
3298
3253
3271
3332
3300
3300
3357
3399
3431
3451
3420
3479
3434
3477
VOL
CU-FT
115
114
115
111
113
113
115
111
113
111
111
110
111
110
109
110
110
109
111
110
110
111
111
112
112
111
113
113
113
~j
. 6
. 1
.0
.3
.5
. 9
. 9
.4
. 1
. 7
. 9
.6
8
. 9
~j
. 3
.4
.5
.4
. 7
. 9
.1
.4
.8
. 3
.6
.0
ENGINE
CID HP
339 150
327
311
285
280
221
222
208
218
205
203
186
187
177
184
180
185
190
185
184
188
183
180
188
185
186
187
190
186
185
186
147
144
134
135
113
109
109
115
114
116
114
121
121
131
135
138
146
145
148
164
163
167
172
169
172
176
178
180
180
187
0-60
TIME
14.1
14.
13.
13.
13.
13.
14.
14 .
13.
13.
13.
13.
12.
12.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9 .
9.
9 .
9.
. 1
.7
.4
. 2
. 9
.4
. 2
9
_ 7
. 5
. 2
_ 7
. 6
. 9
.8
.7
^
.2
. 2
.4
.4
. 3
. 1
. 3
. 3
.1
9
.8
.8
.8
TOP
SPEED
113
113
113
113
114
109
108
108
110
110
111
111
114
114
118
119
120
122
122
123
128
128
130
131
129
130
131
132
133
133
135
HP/
CID
0.455
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
.464
.471
.483
.497
.543
.527
.561
.559
.588
.603
. 646
.679
.712
.740
.779
.777
.805
.811
.828
.888
. 901
. 934
.924
.926
.931
.947
.955
.990
. 995
.027
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
HP/
WT
.0332
.0332
.0344
.0354
.0357
.0335
.0320
.0326
.0335
.0340
.0349
.0358
.0378
.0381
.0411
.0414
.0421
.0438
.0440
.0445
.0485
.0485
.0498
.0505
.0492
.0495
.0504
.0515
.0515
.0521
.0531
TON
-MPG
34 .0
36.
37.
36.
36.
37 .
3 9
41 .
40.
41.
42.
42 .
43.
44 .
43.
44 .
44 .
44 .
44 .
45.
45.
46.
46.
46.
46.
47.
48.
48.
49.
50.
50.
S
.2
. 2
. 2
. 0
9
. 0
. 6
. 0
.4
. 9
.4
.4
.8
.4
. 1
.2
.7
. 1
t 7
.5
.4
.4
.7
.4
. 6
.7
_ 7
.0
.4
CU-FT CU-FT-
-MPG TON-MPG
2091
2232
2255
2483
2691
2826
2790
2793
2958
3070
3104
3184
3116
3061
3031
3003
3069
3062
3092
3143
3137
3117
3078
3119
3181
3205
3254
3326
3303
4311
4162
4182
4142
4564
4 676
4719
4597
4824
4782
4865
4944
4898
4932
4868
4910
4946
4953
5103
5143
5148
5199
5201
5333
5474
5463
5650
5694
5706
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVESD
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
Q-3D
-------
Appendix Q
Table
YEAR
Q-4
< FUEL
LAB
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
14
14
15
14
14
16
18
17
18
18
18
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
20
21
21
22
22
22
2 2
22
23
22
21
.4
.0
.0
. 1
. 7
. 7
.0
. 9
. 9
. 2
T
.4
. 8
. 2
. 2
T
.8
.8
. 7
.0
. 6
.5
. 9
. 2
.0
.1
Q
. 3
. 2
. 1
. 9
EC
CITY
11
11
12
11
12.
13
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
15
16
15
16
16
16
16
16
17
16
17
16
16
.6
. 6
.4
_ 7
. 3
. 3
^
^
. 9
^
.3
. 3
.5
p 7
. 6
q
.0
.0
.8
.1
.8
.4
_ 7
. 9
. 7
. 9
?
. 9
.5
.8
. 6
Characteristics of 1975
ONOMY > WGHT ENGINE
HWY
13.
12.
13.
12.
12.
15.
16.
16.
17.
17.
17.
18.
19.
19.
19.
20.
20.
20.
20.
21.
20.
21.
21.
22 .
2 2 .
22 .
23.
23.
2 2 .
2 2 .
.0
. 3
.0
. 2
. 6
. 6
.8
IT
.7
.2
. 6
. 3
. 0
. 6
.8
. 3
. 6
. 6
. 6
.0
.5
^
.8
. 1
. 0
. 1
?
.8
_ 7
.2
. 2
55/45
12.
11.
12.
11 .
12.
14 .
15.
15.
16.
15.
15.
16.
16.
17 .
17 .
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17 .
18.
18 .
18.
18 .
18.
19 .
19.
19.
18 .
18 .
.2
. 9
.7
. 9
.4
. 2
.3
.2
.0
^
. 9
.5
. 9
. 2
. 3
. 6
.8
.8
_ 7
9
. 6
.3
_ 7
. 9
.8
. 9
. 6
. i
.8
. 9
_ 7
LB
4183
4225
4276
4313
4553
4338
4374
4447
4551
4523
4287
4240
4214
4210
4215
4265
4289
4304
4364
4316
4337
4419
4354
4291
4327
4323
4275
4307
4347
4605
4718
CID
306
321
325
328
319
297
285
291
306
301
286
279
284
286
290
258
262
266
269
265
269
257
248
240
243
241
234
235
228
249
243
HP
136
136
141
153
130
145
143
151
153
148
154
150
169
168
169
155
156
165
173
174
179
194
201
199
193
193
193
193
195
212
212
to 2005 GM Marketing Groi
0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON
TIME
14.
14.
14.
13.
15.
13.
14.
13.
13.
14.
13.
13.
11.
12.
12.
13.
13.
12.
12.
12.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
. 3
. 3
.0
. 2
. 6
.8
.0
.8
. 9
. 1
.0
. 2
. 9
. 0
. 0
.2
. 1
. 6
. 2
.0
_ 7
. 1
. 6
. 6
. 9
. 9
a
. 9
. 9
. 7
. 9
SPEED
111
111
112
116
107
113
112
114
114
112
116
115
121
121
121
116
116
119
121
122
123
127
130
130
128
128
128
128
128
131
130
CID
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
n
0.
0.
0.
0 .
.442
.424
.435
. 4 68
.418
.491
.504
.515
.502
.491
.543
.541
.596
. 590
.580
.606
.600
.623
.647
.662
. 674
.769
.825
.844
.810
.813
. 838
.834
.860
.855
.877
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
n
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
WT
.0325
. 0323
.0332
.0356
.0288
.0334
.0328
.0338
.0336
.0327
.0361
.0354
.0401
.0399
.0398
.0361
.0362
.0382
.0396
.0403
.0414
.0439
.0463
.0465
.0447
.0447
. 0453
.0449
.0449
.0459
.0449
TON-
30.
30.
32.
31 .
33 .
36 .
39.
39
43.
41.
40.
41 .
42 .
42 .
42 .
44 .
44 .
45.
45.
45.
44 .
47.
47 .
47.
47.
48.
49 .
48.
50.
50.
51 .
-M
9
. 6
.4
. 1
. 9
.4
S
.8
.4
.3
S
.4
. 0
.8
. 9
.3
9
. 1
. 3
.5
. 9
.5
_ 7
. 6
.7
.0
3
. 6
.5
9
_ 7
PERCENT OF GM Vans:
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING D
FI PORT TBI
CARB D DSL
NUMBER OF VALVESD
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
99.
99.
99 .
99.
99 .
99.
99 .
99.
99.
99.
99 .
99 .
99 .
98.
83.
85.
8 7 .
8 2 .
83.
83.
83.
85.
6 6 .
75.
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 9
. 2
. 1
. 1
.2
.4
. 3
. 3
. 6
.4
.4
.2
.4
.8
. 1
. 2
. 0
.4
9
. 6
. 3
. 5
.4
. 3
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
1 .
16.
14 .
13.
17 .
16.
16.
16.
14 .
33 .
24 .
.on
.on
.on
.on
.on
.on
.on
.in
.80
.90
.90
.80
.60
.70
.70
.40
.60
.60
.80
. 6
.2
. 9
.8
. 0
. 6
. 1
.4
.7
.5
. 6
_ 7
Q-4D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-5
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 GM Marketing Group s SUVs
0-60
TIME
14 .
14.
13.
13.
15.
14.
14.
16.
15.
15.
15.
14 .
14.
13.
12.
13.
12.
12.
11.
12.
12.
11.
11.
10.
10.
11.
10.
9.
10.
9 .
9 .
. 0
_ 7
.8
.2
9
. 6
IT
.2
. 6
.4
.4
_ 7
.0
. 6
. 6
. 2
.8
.5
.7
. 1
. 1
.4
.2
. 9
.8
. 0
_ 7
. 9
. 1
.7
.8
TOP
SPEED
114
111
114
116
108
112
112
107
106
107
106
108
111
112
117
115
116
119
124
122
122
126
128
128
129
129
131
139
138
142
140
HP/
CID
PERCENT OF GM SUVs:
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING D
FI PORT TBI CARB D DSL
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
5
7
4
13
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.4
. 7
. 3
.4
8
72
7 7
73
80
42
63
66
63
74
71
69
7 7
75
78
75
74
73
68
68
68
7 7
69
68
73
55
73
59
63
61
62
62
.6
. 8
. 2
. 2
. 9
.4
. 0
.5
8
. 3
. 1
3
. 2
T
.0
.0
.6
.5
.3
.4
. 8
. 9
.0
.4
.6
.5
8
8
.3
. 1
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
84 .
81 .
80.
84 .
72 .
72 .
FIVE
Q-5D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-6
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 GM Marketing Group s Pickups
WGHT
LB
ENGINE
CID HP
11.4
11.7
12 .5
12.3
12.8
14 .8
16. 1
17.3
16.7
16.2
16.0
16.4
16.6
15.8
15.9
14 .8
16.4
15.6
15.5
15.4
15.5
16.3
15.6
16.1
15.3
16.1
15.8
14 .8
15.5
15.4
15.9
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
17 .
18.
20 .
20.
20 .
19.
19.
20.
19.
20.
18.
21.
20 .
20 .
19.
19.
21.
20.
21.
19.
20.
19.
18.
19.
19.
20.
.4
. 3
.4
. 0
. 6
. 3
.7
_ 7
^
. 0
_ 7
. 8
~j
. 8
.0
.8
.1
. 1
. 0
. 7
.8
.1
.5
.1
.4
.3
8
.6
.8
^
.4
12.
12 .
12 .
12 .
13.
15.
17.
18.
18.
17 .
17.
17.
18.
17.
17.
16.
18.
17 .
17 .
17 .
17.
18.
17.
18.
16.
17 .
17.
16.
17.
16.
17.
.2
.4
. 9
. 6
. 1
. 9
.2
_ 7
.2
.7
.5
. 8
, 2
.4
.5
.4
, 2
0
. 2
. 1
, 2
. 2
.5
.0
. 9
.8
4
.3
2
9
6
4073
4193
4214
4210
4417
4111
3963
3834
3919
3951
3918
3884
3748
4013
3976
4250
3845
4088
4189
4256
4270
4304
4597
4311
4763
4401
4592
4988
4699
5032
4882
PERCENT OF GM Pickups:
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0-60
TIME
13.
13.
13.
13.
15.
14 .
14 .
14 .
13.
14 .
13.
13.
12.
12.
11.
11.
12 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9 .
10.
9 .
9 .
. 1
.8
. 6
. 3
.4
.5
.4
. 0
. 9
. 2
. 7
.4
.8
, 2
.8
.6
.0
. 8
. 7
.5
. 9
.0
.8
. 9
.5
.4
. 3
.8
.4
7
IT
TOP
SPEED
116
113
114
115
107
109
109
111
111
110
112
112
116
119
121
124
120
121
123
124
122
129
131
129
134
134
135
140
136
142
143
HP/
CID
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.468
.438
.459
.484
.469
.521
.516
.548
.557
.551
.571
.588
.628
. 605
.608
.602
.614
. 614
. 624
. 643
.655
.740
.751
.770
.785
.808
.815
.846
.852
895
935
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
HP/
WT
.0362
.0338
.0345
.0354
.0293
.0313
.0317
. 0333
.0331
.0323
.0337
.0344
.0371
.0393
.0409
.0420
.0400
.0406
.0413
.0420
.0403
.0452
.0459
.0457
.0477
0489
0488
0515
0491
0526
0538
FUEL METERING D
FI PORT TBI
CARB D DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
Q-6D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-7
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 GM Marketing Group s Trucks
WGHT
LB
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
14
14
15
14
14
18
19
21
20
20 .
20 .
20 .
20.
20 .
20.
19.
21 .
20 .
20 .
20 .
20.
20.
20.
21 .
20.
20.
20.
20.
20 .
20.
21 .
.1
. 3
. 1
. 6
~j
.0
.6
.1
.8
. 2
. 2
.4
9
. 6
. 6
.8
.2
.4
.4
. 3
.2
. 9
.5
. 3
.5
8
. 6
.0
.4
, 2
.0
11
11
12
12.
12.
14 .
15.
16.
16.
15.
15.
16.
16.
16.
15.
15.
16.
15.
15.
15.
15.
16.
15.
16.
15.
16.
16.
15.
15.
15.
16.
.3
. 6
.5
. 1
.2
. 3
. 6
. 6
.2
_ 7
_ 7
. 0
.2
. 0
9
. 3
. 3
. 7
. 6
. 7
.5
.0
~j
. 3
8
. 1
.0
.3
. 6
.5
.0
12.
13.
13.
12 .
12.
16.
18.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
20.
20 .
20.
19.
20.
20 .
20 .
19.
19.
20.
20.
21.
20.
20.
20.
19.
20.
20.
21.
9
. 0
. 3
.8
.8
_ 7
.2
. 9
. 9
. 6
. 6
.5
. 3
.0
.0
.4
. 9
, 2
. 1
. 9
. 9
~j
.4
, 2
.1
.4
.0
9
. 3
.0
0
12.
12 .
12 .
12 .
12.
15.
16.
17.
17.
17 .
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
16.
18.
17 .
17 .
17 .
17.
17.
17.
18.
17.
17 .
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
.0
. 2
.8
.4
.5
. 3
.7
. 9
T
.2
.2
.4
.8
. 6
.5
. 9
.1
.4
.4
.4
. 3
.8
.5
.2
.5
.8
6
1
4
2
9
PERCENT OF GM Trucks:
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING D
FI PORT TBI
CARB D DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
! .4
. 1
Q-7D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-E
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 GM Marketing Group s All
YEAR
< FUEL ECONOMY >
LAB CITY HWY 55/45
WGHT
LB
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
PERCENT OF GM All:
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
VEHICLE TYPE
DSL Van SUV PICKUP TWO
NUMBER OF VALVES
THREE FOUR FIVE
2
4
4
6
3.
3.
3
3
6
6
8
8
9
11
11
10
12
11
13.
16
18
18
20
20 .
. 9
.5
. 1
. 2
.1
. 9
. 2
.3
.4
.6
. 1
.1
. 7
.6
. 2
. 7
. 9
.4
.8
^
.8
.8
. 0
.5
12
11
8
11
12
17
15
15
12
13
12
15
14
15
13
12
17
15
14
13
13
11
9
9
. 9
. 9
. 7
.0
. 3
. 9
.3
.4
. 9
T
. 1
.4
. 2
. 9
. 6
.5
.5
. 2
.1
. 2
.1
.8
. 7
. 8
2 . 1
Q-8D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-9
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Ford Marketing Group s Cars
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
11
13
13
14
15
17
18
19
19
20
20
20
20
2 0
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
19
20
.3
.5
.4
. 6
.1
.4
^
.1
.0
.1
.4
_ 7
.4
. 6
.7
.3
.8
.4
. 9
. 3
. 6
.8
.1
IT
.5
^
.1
. 5
. 2
.7
. 3
14.
16.
16.
18.
18.
21.
22 .
24.
24.
25.
25.
2 6 ,
26,
27 ,
9 •-i
9 T
9 •-i
27 .
28 .
28 .
28 .
9 •-i
28.
28.
28 .
28.
27 .
9 "7
27 .
26.
27 .
. 1
. 0
. 0
.4
.8
.8
. 6
. 3
.4
.5
. 9
. 6
9
. 3
.0
. 6
.5
. 2
. 0
. 9
.8
.2
.7
. 6
.0
. 9
.8
.5
.8
.4
12.
14 .
14 .
16.
16.
19.
20.
21.
21 .
2 2 .
22 .
23.
22.
23 .
23.
22.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
22.
2 3
2 3
23.
2 3
23.
23 .
23.
22.
23.
.4
.5
.4
. 1
. 6
. 1
.0
.1
. 1
. 2
.5
. 0
9
. 1
.2
.8
.4
. 1
. 6
. 2
. 6
.8
. 1
S
.5
.2
. 0
.3
. 0
. 3
. 0
4039
4079
4212
3803
3543
3134
3057
3030
3092
3085
3105
3142
3165
3211
3249
3334
3245
3380
3290
3382
3367
3441
3400
3338
3371
3433
3454
3447
3584
3634
3631
106
107
106
100
106
101
105
106
107
107
107
109
110
109
109
113
110
111
110
112
112
109
109
111
111
110
113
113
115
. 3
. 1
.0
.5
.4
. 2
.4
. 8
. 0
. 2
.4
. 1
. 3
. 9
. 9
.4
. 7
.5
. 9
.4
.5
.5
. 9
. 3
. 8
~j
.5
.4
.0
291
290
307
270
239
197
185
175
188
184
185
181
179
183
180
185
175
192
181
191
185
188
187
177
179
184
185
179
191
196
190
135
125
138
127
117
102
99
96
103
102
114
116
114
125
119
124
131
144
138
144
150
156
155
154
162
175
169
170
183
190
191
14.
15.
14 .
14 .
13.
14 .
14.
14.
14.
14 .
13.
12.
13.
12 .
12.
12.
12.
11.
12.
11.
11.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9 .
9.
.4
. 3
. 2
. 0
. 9
. 2
. 1
.5
. 1
. 2
.1
. 9
.2
. 5
9
.8
.2
.8
. 0
.8
.5
.2
.2
. 9
. 6
^
.5
.4
. 1
.8
.8
111
108
111
110
109
107
107
106
107
107
112
112
111
115
113
114
117
120
119
120
122
124
124
124
127
131
129
129
132
134
134
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 ,
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
1.
.480
.446
.467
.496
.528
.557
.588
.597
.592
. 601
.659
. 681
.672
.722
.708
.718
.777
. 768
.787
.780
.842
.857
.850
.899
. 933
.965
. 941
.974
. 977
999
.037
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
.0328
.0302
.0324
.0329
.0331
.0323
.0326
.0314
.0327
.0327
.0361
.0364
.0355
. 0384
.0364
.0371
.0397
.0417
.0412
.0419
.0435
.0446
.0446
.0454
.0473
.0499
.0484
.0487
.0505
.0519
.0522
30.
34 .
35.
36 .
34 .
35.
36.
^ 7
38.
40.
41.
42 .
42.
43 .
44 .
44 .
44 .
45.
45.
45.
46.
45.
46.
45.
46.
46.
46.
47.
48 .
47.
48 .
.0
. 9
. 9
. 0
.4
. 2
. 1
.8
. 6
. 6
.4
.5
.5
. 6
. 1
. 6
. 6
. 6
. 6
. 9
_ 7
9
.0
. 9
. 3
. 6
. 6
.0
. 1
.5
. 9
1834
2098
2103
2282
2567
2561
2710
2887
2927
2949
2929
3020
3040
2975
3066
3086
3102
3071
3118
3026
3074
3038
3037
3048
3042
3051
3082
2998
3137
3822
3863
3669
3570
3851
3833
4097
4347
4450
4571
4586
4779
4888
4928
4931
5206
5072
5145
5181
5164
5178
5028
5096
5197
5218
5209
5483
5408
5655
PERCENT OF Ford Cars:
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVESD
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
o. on
Q-9D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-10
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Ford Marketing Group s Wagons
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
< FUEL ECONOMY
LAB CITY HWY
14.4 11.1 14.1
16
16
18
19
22
25
25
25
2 6 .
2 6 .
26.
2 6 .
25
25
28
28
31
30
30
27
29
27
27
27
2 6 .
27 .
27 .
2 7
. 6
. 6
.5
. 9
8
.1
.8
. 1
.8
0
.5
.5
.8
. 3
.6
. 3
.0
8
8
.5
. 2
.6
. 2
.6
. 9
.8
. 9
. 3
.5
13
13
14
15
17
19
19
19
20
20
2 0
20
20
19
19
21
21
23
23
23
20
21
20
20
20
20
21.
21
20
20
.1
.1
.4
IT
.8
.4
. 0
.8
.2
.8
.2
.1
.4
.0
. 5
.0
.4
n
.2
.6
. 9
.7
.4
. 9
. 6
. 3
.8
.8
15.
15.
17.
19.
21.
24.
24 .
25.
25.
2 6 .
2 6 .
26.
2 6 ,
26.
25.
29 .
29.
31.
32 .
31.
28.
30.
28.
28 .
28.
2 6 .
9 7
28 .
9 7
27 .
_ 7
.8
.8
.0
. 9
. 5
. 0
.4
. 6
. 0
. 6
.8
. 3
9
.4
. 6
. 6
n
.7
. 5
.2
.4
. 2
.0
_ 7
. 6
. u
.4
.8
55/45
12.3
14 .
14 .
15.
16.
19.
21 .
21 .
22.
2 2 ,
22 ,
23 ,
22,
2 2 ,
22.
21 .
24 .
24 .
2 6 .
2 6 .
2 6 .
23 .
25 .
2 3
23.
2 3
23.
23 .
23 .
23.
23.
. 2
. 2
.8
. 9
.4
.4
.0
. 3
.8
. u
.7
_ 7
.0
. 6
.5
. 2
.5
^
. 3
.5
.0
. 6
. 3
. 6
. 0
.7
. 8
. 3
.5
WGHT
LB
4148
4372
4202
3797
3536
3211
2956
3091
3124
3188
3152
3211
3283
3294
3376
3457
3221
3295
3034
3079
3044
3526
3306
3469
3582
3571
3623
3602
3553
3553
3540
VOL
CU-FT
139 . 6
138 . 6
136. 9
132 .3
126.7
128 . 4
130.0
132 . 6
131.6
133.1
136.0
136.8
139 . 7
141.6
136.2
138 . 1
128 . 6
1 99 . 1
128 .3
132.0
129.8
131.3
135.1
135.8
135.0
135.1
134.2
135. 9
134 .5
ENGINE
CID HP
282 132
293
292
256
223
195
150
166
169
179
176
169
167
172
181
182
160
170
144
146
141
155
147
148
159
148
146
146
145
153
158
134
134
122
110
99
95
93
96
100
110
116
120
125
128
134
120
125
107
116
112
139
131
150
156
150
167
163
162
177
181
0-60
TIME
14.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14,
14 .
14.
15.
14.
14 .
13.
13.
13.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
13.
12.
13.
12.
12.
11.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
. 6
. 9
. 6
.5
.7
_ 7
. 1
.1
. 9
_ 7
.5
. 1
.0
. 6
. 6
. 3
9
. 6
. 3
. 9
. 1
IT
. 1
.4
. 3
.8
.8
9
.8
.2
. 0
TOP
SPEED
110
109
110
109
107
105
106
104
105
106
110
112
112
114
115
116
113
114
110
113
112
117
116
122
123
121
126
125
125
130
132
HP/
CID
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
0 .
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
.527
.492
.491
.500
.526
.548
.721
.615
.619
. 616
.681
.717
.745
.760
.736
.764
.763
.754
.761
.803
.800
.896
.891
.010
.987
.014
. 155
.130
. 127
.159
. 150
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
HP/
WT
.0318
.0305
.0314
.0318
.0309
.0308
.0325
.0298
.0303
.0310
.0345
.0358
.0362
.0377
.0376
.0386
.0367
.0376
.0350
.0371
. 0362
.0390
.0395
.0429
.0432
.0416
. 0460
.0452
.0453
.0496
.0511
48.
48 .
PERCENT OF Ford Wagons:
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
0
0
0
0
0
52
44
42
39
43
63
74
7 7
75
72
84
86
93
94
97
96
97
79
87
86
74
77
86
7 7 ,
85.
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 1
. 7
.8
.6
. 9
. 3
8
.4
. 3
.2
. 3
~j
. 6
.5
. 1
.8
.4
.1
. 3
.4
. 3
.8
.5
. 0
.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 .
0 .
18.
12.
13.
25.
22.
13.
9 -^
14 .
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.4
9
_ 7
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 5
_ 7
. 6
_ 7
.2
. 0
. 0
.5
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
Q-10D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-ll Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Ford Marketing Group s Cars and Wagons
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
< FUEL ECONOMY
LAB CITY HWY
14
17
16
18
19
22
23
24
24
2 6 .
2 6 .
2 6 .
26
2 7
27
26
27
2 7
28
2 7
26
27
27
27
27
2 6 .
27
2 6 .
26
2 6 .
.6
.0
. 9
8
.5
.5
. 8
. 9
. 1
.5
. 9
.8
. 0
.0
.6
.5
. 1
n
.4
Q
T
. 2
.5
.4
.1
Q
. 9
. 9
11
13
13
14
15
17
18
19
19
20
20
2 0
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
20
20
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
19
20
.3
.4
. 3
. 6
.1
.4
IT
.1
.1
.1
.4
.4
. 6
.6
.2
9
.4
2
. 6
R
q
3
|T
.5
.4
2
.6
. 3
.7
. 3
14.
16.
16.
18.
18.
21.
2 2
24.
24.
25.
25.
2 6 ,
26.
27 .
9 "7
26.
9 •-i
27 .
28 .
28 .
29.
9 •-i
28.
28.
28 .
28.
2 7 .
9 "7
27 .
26.
27 .
. 1
. 0
. 0
. 3
.8
.8
9
. 3
. 6
.5
. 9
. 6
9
. 1
.2
9
.8
_ 7
. 6
.4
1
9
.4
.7
. 6
.0
a
.8
.5
.8
.4
55/45
12.
14 .
14 .
16.
16.
19.
20 .
21.
21 .
2 2 .
22 .
23 .
22.
23.
23.
22.
23.
23.
24 .
23.
23 .
22.
2 3
2 3
23.
2 3
23 .
23 .
23.
22.
23.
.4
.5
.4
. 1
. 6
. 2
. 2
.2
. 2
. 6
. u
.8
. 1
. 1
.7
.5
. 1
n
.5
Q
.8
.3
S
.5
.2
n
.3
. 0
.4
. 0
WGHT
LB
4054
4117
4211
3802
3542
3142
3040
3038
3096
3095
3109
3149
3179
3218
3259
3343
3243
3373
3258
3351
3335
3447
3393
3346
3383
3441
3465
3457
3582
3629
3625
VOL
CU-FT
110.0
110.7
109 .3
103. 9
109 . 9
104 .8
108.4
109 .3
109.2
109.9
110.8
111.5
112.6
112.2
112.2
115.4
112.9
113.4
112.6
113.7
113.9
110.8
111.3
112.7
113.4
112.2
114.6
115.0
116.3
ENGINE
CID HP
290
291
305
269
238
196
179
174
186
183
184
179
178
182
180
185
173
190
176
186
180
186
184
175
178
182
183
177
189
193
187
134
126
137
126
116
101
99
96
102
102
114
116
114
125
120
125
130
142
134
141
146
155
153
154
161
174
169
170
182
189
190
0-60
TIME
14.
15.
14 .
14 .
14.
14 .
14 .
14.
14.
14 .
13.
13 .
13.
12.
12.
12.
12.
11.
12 .
11.
11 .
11.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9 .
9.
.4
. 3
. 3
. 1
.0
. 2
. 1
. 6
.2
. 2
.1
. 0
.2
.5
9
.8
. 3
. 9
. 1
. 9
. 6
^
^
.0
. 6
.4
5
.4
. 2
9
.8
TOP
SPEED
111
108
111
110
109
107
107
105
107
107
112
112
111
115
113
114
116
120
118
119
121
123
123
124
127
130
128
129
132
134
134
HP/
CID
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
n
0.
0 .
1.
1.
.487
.452
.469
.496
.528
.556
. 611
.599
.595
. 603
.661
. 684
.681
.725
.710
.722
.776
. 767
. 783
.782
. 838
.860
.853
.906
.936
.967
956
. 983
. 985
.011
.045
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
n
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
HP/
WT
.0327
.0302
.0323
.0328
.0328
.0322
. 0326
.0312
.0324
.0325
.0360
.0364
.0356
.0383
.0365
.0372
.0394
.0414
. 0405
.0414
"428
.0443
.0442
.0452
.0471
.0494
.0482
.0485
.0502
.0517
.0522
PERCENT OF Ford Cars and Wagons:
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVESD
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
O.OD
Q-11D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-12
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Ford Marketing Group s Vans
ENGINE
CID
334
336
343
335
336
314
310
314
313
313
311
242
236
240
225
230
226
230
218
232
237
233
227
226
238
225
276
232
232
246
223
HP
148
151
158
145
163
132
128
130
134
142
145
131
149
150
148
154
155
156
157
160
149
177
176
185
198
196
230
202
204
205
202
0-
60
TIME
13.
13.
12.
13.
13.
15.
15.
15.
15.
14 .
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
13.
13.
12 .
13.
12 .
12 .
13.
11.
12.
11.
11.
11.
11 .
10.
10.
10.
10.
.7
. 3
. 6
. 3
. 5
. 6
. 6
. 5
. 1
3
.3
. 8
.3
.5
. 3
.0
. 9
.1
. 7
. 9
. 1
.6
.0
.1
. 2
.1
. 0
9
8
9
7
TOP
SPEED
115
117
119
114
116
107
106
107
108
111
112
109
115
114
115
116
117
116
117
117
115
124
122
127
127
127
131
129
130
129
130
HP/
c
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
:ID
.434
.444
.459
.430
.480
.419
.413
.416
.429
. 452
.464
.570
.671
. 661
.696
.700
.713
.710
.747
.716
. 645
.774
.784
.823
. 837
.886
.848
.877
889
844
934
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
n
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
HP/
WT
.0356
.0370
.0385
.0354
.0348
.0286
.0284
.0288
.0297
n3?4
.0325
.0311
.0352
.0346
.0351
.0363
.0368
.0359
.0371
.0365
.0358
.0424
.0399
.0442
.0433
0438
0444
0449
0453
0450
0459
TON
TON-
26.
28 .
32.
31 .
28.
37 .
38.
37 .
37 .
36.
36.
41.
42 .
42 .
42 .
41.
42.
43.
44 .
44 .
45.
45.
45.
46.
48 .
48.
47.
49.
50.
49.
52 .
-M
.4
. 0
.2
. 2
. 6
. 9
. 3
.1
.1
. 8
.4
. 8
. 0
.5
.8
.8
. 3
.6
. 6
.2
. 3
. 2
s
.8
.1
8
8
8
7
2
0
PERCENT OF Ford Vans:
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVESD
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
O.OD
Q-12D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-13
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Ford Marketing Group s SUVs
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60
TIME
12.
13.
13.
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
13.
12.
12.
13.
13.
12.
12 .
12 .
12 .
12.
12.
12.
11 .
11.
11 .
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
. 6
.4
. 3
. 1
.0
. 6
.4
.4
.0
. 6
.6
.3
.1
.4
, 2
.0
.0
. 1
.0
.0
.4
.6
.0
. 9
,4
. 3
.1
.1
3
2
2
TOP
SPEED
116
112
113
114
114
108
108
108
110
107
108
113
119
117
115
116
121
121
121
121
119
119
123
123
127
128
133
134
134
135
135
HP/
(
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
:ID
.422
.398
.413
.413
.470
.433
.441
.444
.447
.541
.581
.656
.668
.708
.676
. 664
.727
.722
.724
.725
.680
.651
.683
. 686
,741
.748
.915
. 909
917
946
959
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
HP/
WT
.0389
.0353
.0353
.0355
.0358
.0309
.0315
.0315
.0327
.0310
.0310
.0351
.0400
.0380
.0353
.0360
.0394
.0393
.0396
. 0396
.0379
.0372
.0401
.0401
,0427
0432
0493
0493
0484
0493
0487
PERCENT OF Ford SUVs:
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
GARB
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
Q-13D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-14
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Ford Marketing Group s Pickups
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
HP/
WT
138
138
155
146
155
126
119
122
106
110
126
120
123
129
134
137
142
142
152
151
160
147
186
182
184
188
216
215
215
210
238
14 .
14 .
13,
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
13.
14 .
13.
13.
13.
13.
12 .
13.
12 .
12.
12.
12.
11.
11 .
11 .
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
. 3
. 4
. 1
. 6
.0
. 6
. 6
.5
. 9
. 9
~-i
. 1
T
.5
.4
, 2
. 9
.4
T
T
.6
. 9
.4
.4
.3
. 3
.5
. 5
6
9
6
111
111
117
114
117
109
108
108
106
106
111
110
111
112
112
113
115
113
117
117
118
115
125
125
125
126
132
132
132
130
134
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
n
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
.444
. 43z
.473
.455
.491
.456
.452
.452
.511
.521
.519
.579
.618
.606
.610
. 620
. 638
. 614
.651
.670
.644
.675
.761
.760
. 764
.773
.818
.831
832
839
867
0 .
u .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
n
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
.0328
.0326
.0367
.0345
.0368
. 0310
.0308
.0313
.0300
. 0304
.0337
. 0328
.0340
.0344
.0344
.0352
.0364
.0346
.0372
.0373
.0372
.0361
.0428
.0425
.0430
0434
0473
0473
0467
0450
0468
27 .
30 .
34 .
34 .
31 .
37 .
38.
37 .
37 .
38.
38.
39
40.
40.
41.
41 .
42 .
43.
43.
44 .
44 .
44 .
45.
44 .
43.
44.
45.
45.
46.
47.
49.
. u
. 6
. 6
. 6
. 0
. 3
.5
. 9
.5
, 2
9
.0
.4
, 2
. 8
. 1
.2
.6
.1
. 3
.0
i 7
. 6
. 6
1
0
2
0
1
2
PERCENT OF Ford Pickups:
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
GARB
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVESD
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
Q-14D
-------
Table Q-15
Appendix Q
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Ford Marketing Group s Trucks
PERCENT OF Ford Trucks:
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
GARB
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
3
24
19
4
17
12
16
16
14
14
14
16
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
. 6
.1
. 9
.5
.8
. 2
. 7
. 0
.3
.4
22
26
27
34
28
31
22
25
24
37
40
34
35
29
2 6 .
29
39
32
29
33
33
31
40
36
37
36
38
43
41
49
45
.8
.1
.5
.5
. 9
. 2
.8
.8
. 9
.4
. 8
.3
.4
.2
. 7
.1
.1
.8
.4
8
. 9
.0
. 6
.5
.5
. 2
. 0
. 0
.3
. 0
.4
23.4
Q-15D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-16
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Ford Marketing Group s All
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
14
16
16
17
17
20
22
22
22
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
24
23
24
24
24
23
23
23
22
23
22
22
22
22
. 1
. 0
.6
. 7
.6
. 9
.1
. 6
8
. 6
. 9
. 3
. 3
~j
.5
. 1
.5
. 9
.8
.1
. 3
.6
.1
. 1
. 9
.0
. 7
~j
.4
.4
11
12
13
13
13
16
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
. 0
_ 7
.1
. 9
9
.4
.3
_ 7
.8
.4
.6
.8
.7
. 9
.8
.4
_ 7
. 2
.8
. 3
.3
.8
.5
.4
. 3
^
. 3
^
.0
.0
MY
->
WY 55/45
.5
. 0
. 6
. 9
. 6
. 9
.0
f 7
. 0
. 6
.0
.5
.8
3
.2
. 0
.4
. 0
. 0
.4
9
. 1
. 4
. 5
. 3
^
. 9
.8
.5
^
. 9
12 .
13.
14 ,
15.
15.
17.
18.
19.
19.
20.
20.
20.
20.
21 .
20.
20 .
20 .
20 .
21 .
20.
20.
20.
19 .
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
. 0
. 6
. 1
. 1
.0
.8
.8
. 3
.5
. 1
.3
_ 7
.7
.0
. 9
.5
. 9
.4
. 2
. 6
.8
. 1
7
.7
. 6
.7
.4
.4
. 1
. 1
.5
WGHT
LB
4062
4119
4183
3906
3728
3379
3306
3288
3301
3302
3320
3391
3402
3435
3518
3595
3569
3725
3620
3725
3737
3821
3944
3933
3969
3988
4037
4033
4218
4232
4293
ENGINE
CID
298
301
313
287
261
220
209
203
205
201
203
196
194
196
196
202
196
210
199
208
210
211
220
217
217
218
221
218
227
225
224
HP
136
130
142
132
127
107
105
103
105
106
118
119
122
129
127
132
139
146
143
149
151
158
170
171
179
186
194
195
204
206
212
0-60
TIME
14 .
15.
13.
13.
13.
14.
14.
14 .
14.
14 .
13.
13.
13.
12.
13.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
11.
11 .
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
. 3
. 0
9
. 9
.7
. 3
.2
. 6
.4
.4
.4
.4
.2
.8
. 1
. 9
.4
. 3
. 3
.2
. 1
.8
. 5
. 3
. 0
.8
.5
.4
. 3
.2
. 2
TOP
SPEED
111
109
112
111
111
107
107
106
107
107
111
111
112
114
113
114
117
118
118
119
119
121
124
124
126
128
131
131
132
133
134
HP/
(
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
:ID
.475
.446
.468
.480
.516
.528
.562
.559
.560
.574
.621
. 649
.665
.695
.689
.696
.740
.725
.750
.742
.760
.784
70^
.819
.849
.875
. 904
.921
.922
.944
. 974
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
n
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
HP/
WT
.0330
.0312
.0336
.0334
.0339
.0318
.0320
.0311
.0317
.0319
.0351
.0351
.0356
.0372
.0359
. 0366
.0386
.0392
.0394
.0397
.0403
.0415
0428
.0435
.0449
.0464
.0480
.0482
.0485
.0491
.0496
TON
TON-
29.
33.
35 .
35.
33.
35.
36.
37 .
38.
39.
40.
41 .
41.
42.
43.
43.
44 .
44 .
45.
45.
45.
45.
45 .
45.
45.
46.
46.
46.
47.
47.
49.
-M
.2
. 6
. 1
. 1
. 3
.5
.8
_ 7
. 3
_ 7
.3
.5
. 6
.7
.3
.5
. 0
.8
. 1
.2
9
. 3
7
.5
. 6
. 1
. 0
.0
.3
.3
. 0
PERCENT OF Ford All:
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
0
0
3
1
^
18
27
23
31
32
33
37
40
43
39
43
37
46
37
51
45
35
43
43
41
40
38
34 .
32.
36 .
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 9
.5
T
.1
.4
.6
. 7
. 1
.3
.6
.5
. 9
.4
.4
.0
8
.0
.1
_ 7
.7
_ 7
^
. 0
.2
.5
.2
. 6
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
GARB
VEHICLE TYPE
DSL Van SUV PICKUP
NUMBER OF VALVES
THREE FOUR FIVE
Q-16D
-------
Table Q-17
Appendix Q
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 DC Marketing Group s Cars
PERCENT OF DC Cars:
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVESD
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
Q-17D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-18
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 DC Marketing Group s Wagons
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
0
0
0
0
0
89
96
97
97
94
100
94
92
63
37
0
0
90
78
65
0
0
0
96
95
96
75
53
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.4
. 3
. 2
. 9
. 0
. 7
.5
. 9
.4
.0
.0
~j
8
.4
.0
.0
.0
. 9
.6
.1
.1
. 9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
20
24
50
37
4
3
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
22
14
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
.3
. 2
.8
. 3
. 9
. 9
.4
.0
.0
.0
T
. 3
. 9
. 3
. 7
)5/'
13 .
14 .
14 .
15.
15.
16.
22 .
23 .
23 .
23 .
23.
23.
2 3 .
24 .
24 .
21 .
18.
18 .
22 .
21.
21 .
23.
22.
22 .
23.
21 .
21.
21.
21.
->
15
.5
. 1
. 1
.5
. 3
. 0
.8
.5
. 9
.0
.8
.5
,4
.5
.4
.1
.1
2
7
9
2
8
8
0
7
9
3
6
WGHT
LB
4394
4192
4221
4116
3987
3886
2882
2892
2900
2841
3045
2997
3053
2983
2970
3400
4000
4000
3485
3675
3728
4000
4000
4000
3516
3522
3514
4020
4030
VOL
CU-FT
141
138
137.
136.
131 .
130 .
131 .
130 .
130.
130.
130.
127.
119.
124 .
136.
136.
138.
141.
140 .
141 .
141 .
141 .
120.
120.
120.
138.
136.
.6
.1
.4
. 5
. 6
. 9
.4
. 1
^
.0
. 3
.0
. 9
8
.2
, 2
.1
, 7
.5
.5
IT
.5
.7
5
2
1
0
ENGINE
CID
301
280
282
270
260
233
157
145
145
141
142
145
148
141
114
141
181
181
150
159
165
195
195
195
149
150
149
177
195
HP
165
133
126
131
119
103
97
94
95
93
103
98
101
97
101
133
177
177
146
157
168
221
218
221
149
153
158
230
238
0-60
TIME
12 . "
14 .
15.
14 .
15.
16.
13.
14 .
13.
14 .
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
13.
12 .
11.
11 .
11.
11.
11.
9.
9 .
9 .
11.
11 .
10.
8.
8.
. o
.8
. 6
. 5
. 3
.8
. 6
. 0
.9
. 0
~j
.1
.0
, 2
. 9
. 7
.0
.0
IT
.5
1
2
^
2
4
2
9
9
8
TOP
SPEED
118
110
107
110
107
102
108
106
107
106
109
107
108
107
108
115
126
126
120
122
125
140
140
140
121
123
124
144
146
HP/
CID
0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
1.
1.
1 .
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
. 64 /
.482
.445
.495
.463
.453
. 632
.651
.655
. 661
.729
.681
.685
, 708
.882
. 932
.978
. 978
.973
982
008
133
120
133
998
018
059
328
260
u
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
n
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
HP/
WT
. 0375
.0313
. 0295
.0317
.0300
.0268
.0340
.0326
.0328
. 0328
.0339
.0327
.0330
.0324
.0334
.0379
.0442
.0442
.0418
.0424
.0447
.0552
.0546
.0552
.0424
.0434
.0449
.0580
.0593
PERCENT OF DC Wagons:
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
o
7
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.
4
4
32
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
~J
. 2
. 8
.3
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
37
95
89
64
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.6
.8
. 9
.4
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
FIVE
Q-18D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-19 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 DC Marketing Group s Cars and Wagons
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
ENG
CID
302
291
296
253
224
177
151
160
159
153
157
154
157
155
153
154
157
160
165
172
155
156
157
147
162
160
164
163
169
175
189
INE
HP
146
141
138
127
113
89
91
95
96
100
111
111
111
112
115
124
129
134
138
148
156
163
164
158
182
177
178
186
183
204
218
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
PERCENT OF DC Cars and Wagons:
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVESD
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
14 .0
1 . 9
o. on
Q-19D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-20
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 DC Marketing Group s Vans
->
5/45
10.
12.
11.
11 .
11 .
14 .
14 .
15.
15.
17.
17 .
18.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
20 .
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
20.
20.
20.
20.
21 .
21 .
.7
. 1
_ 7
.4
_ 7
. 1
.8
.0
. 3
.2
. 9
.7
. 0
. 6
. 3
. 6
.4
^
. 2
.1
. 6
.4
.4
9
. 6
.0
. 0
.4
. 9
. 0
. 1
WGHT
LB
4263
4326
4404
4387
4450
4137
4050
4031
4099
3678
3644
3674
3699
3791
3822
3873
3971
3940
3814
3968
3837
4155
4152
4141
4170
4157
4430
4374
4286
4372
4255
ENGINE
CID
313
314
327
327
321
278
271
276
270
201
188
186
192
188
187
200
199
195
193
208
201
208
208
203
208
204
213
210
213
211
211
HP
145
149
155
151
145
125
119
123
118
108
111
109
124
133
132
142
142
142
144
153
154
162
161
164
165
163
190
189
191
193
193
0-60
TIME
13.
13.
13.
13.
14 .
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
14 .
15.
13.
13.
13.
12.
13.
13.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
11.
11.
11.
11.
10.
.7
.7
.4
.5
. 2
. 1
. 6
. 1
. 9
. 3
. 9
.2
. 9
.4
. 6
. 9
. 2
. 1
. 6
.4
. 0
.2
. 3
. 1
.0
. 1
. 3
. 3
.0
. 1
.8
TOP
SPEED
113
114
115
114
112
108
106
108
106
105
106
105
111
113
112
115
114
115
117
118
120
120
119
120
120
120
126
126
127
127
129
HP/
(
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
:ID
.462
.472
.473
.462
.451
.449
.437
.442
.434
.583
. 625
. 619
. 679
.730
.731
.721
.721
.740
.750
.741
.770
.792
.783
.815
.805
.810
. 898
. 904
. 901
.914
.914
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
HP/
WT
.0340
.0344
.0352
.0344
.0326
.0302
.0293
.0303
.0286
.0295
.0303
.0295
. 0336
.0352
.0344
.0366
.0355
.0360
.0377
.0383
.0400
.0390
.0387
.0394
.0395
.0393
.0429
.0431
.0444
.0440
.0454
PERCENT OF DC Vans:
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING D
FI PORT TBI
CARB D DSL
16
15
10
11
11
21
21
17
20
20
11
10
7
4
3
1
1
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
.1
.4
.1
. 2
.4
. 2
. 1
. 2
.6
.0
.8
. 9
. 2
.3
. 7
. 3
.8
.4
.8
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
0
0
0
0
22
59
69
52
34
12
6.
20
56
78
62
95
98
95
98
97
98
99
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 9
.6
. 6
.5
. 3
.0
.6
.2
.1
.5
.4
.5
.0
.3
.0
. 5
.1
.1
.1
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
40.
99 .
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 9
.5
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.
0.
0.
40.
70 .
62.
7 6 .
77.
89.
92.
94 .
93.
100 .
100 .
100 .
100.
100 .
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
_ 7
.4
. 6
.5
9
.7
. 1
. 5
.7
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
0
0
0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
29 .
37 .
23 .
22.
10.
7 .
5 .
6.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 2
. 0
.4
.5
. 1
. 3
9
. 5
. 3
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100 .
100.
100.
100.
59.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 1
.5
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
Q-20D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-21
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 DC Marketing Group s SUVs
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
13
13
14
13
12
13
15
15
15
13
15
15
17
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
19
19
19
19
19
21
20
20
.0
.6
. 0
.5
.5
.8
. 0
.1
.5
.6
.0
.6
8
. 3
. 3
. 9
.5
. 9
.5
. 2
.3
. 3
.0
. 3
. 3
.5
.5
.5
.0
. 7
.5
10
10
10
10
10
11
12
12
12.
10
12
12
14
15
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
14
15
14
14
15
14
15
16
15
15
.2
^
. 9
. 6
. 3
.0
. 0
.0
.5
.7
.1
.4
. 2
.0
.1
.4
.2
.4
. 9
.8
. 9
.8
. 5
.8
.8
.0
. 9
.1
.2
.8
.7
ENGINE
CID
357
362
363
366
325
329
321
318
291
322
312
296
227
248
243
239
230
228
248
249
238
255
238
256
262
255
251
244
236
248
251
HP
168
174
169
168
147
150
144
146
139
152
150
144
128
155
158
160
170
181
189
189
184
195
181
194
206
205
203
214
205
218
228
0-60
TIME
13.
12.
13.
13.
14 .
14.
14 .
14.
14.
14.
14 .
14.
14 .
11.
11.
11.
10.
9 .
9.
9.
10.
9 .
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9.
9 .
.0
.8
. 3
.4
.4
. 1
. 3
.4
. 6
. 1
. 0
. 3
. 3
. 6
.4
. 1
.5
.8
. 9
. 9
. 1
.8
. 5
. 5
.4
. 3
.5
. 3
.4
. 9
. 9
TOP
SPEED
117
119
117
116
111
112
111
111
110
113
113
111
109
122
123
124
128
133
133
133
131
134
129
130
132
132
131
133
132
136
137
HP/
(
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
:ID
.470
.480
.465
.459
.452
.455
.450
.460
.494
.482
.489
.508
. 604
. 642
.666
.684
.750
.796
.772
.769
.786
.771
.767
.773
.801
.816
.814
.880
.881
.878
.914
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
HP/
WT
.0362
.0370
.0352
.0346
.0315
.0324
.0320
.0314
. 0309
.0326
.0328
.0319
.0316
.0429
.0437
.0447
.0475
.0516
.0503
.0504
.0493
.0513
.0471
.0472
.0478
.0481
.0470
.0485
.0478
.0508
.0506
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
FUEL METERING D
FI PORT TBI
GARB D DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
Q-21D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-22
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 DC Marketing Group s Pickups
ENGINE
CID
336
333
340
322
269
199
213
212
180
218
236
216
213
213
224
239
245
247
257
277
291
305
309
299
307
292
306
290
294
283
292
HP
157
159
160
148
130
109
107
108
101
108
121
115
116
122
124
138
141
151
154
195
199
210
209
207
215
214
221
225
240
250
267
0-60
TIME
13.
13.
12.
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
15.
14 .
14 .
13
13.
13.
13.
12.
12 .
12 .
10.
11 .
10.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9 .
9 .
.0
.0
.8
. 3
. 1
.0
.8
.4
.5
.0
.1
. 0
Q
.5
.5
.1
, 9
, 7
8
8
. 1
. 9
.0
, 2
. 9
.7
. 9
. 9
6
9
6
TOP
SPEED
116
117
117
115
110
108
106
107
106
106
109
109
109
111
111
114
115
118
118
129
128
130
129
128
130
131
131
131
134
140
143
HP/
(
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
n
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
:ID
.467
.476
.471
.460
.515
. 594
.543
.544
.601
.532
.550
.584
.580
.606
.584
.599
, 603
.616
.595
.713
. 690
.697
.686
. 698
.704
.737
.725
.783
818
880
912
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
n
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
HP/
WT
.0362
.0365
.0368
.0351
.0326
.0330
.0307
.0315
.0314
.0301
.0326
.0326
0329
.0344
.0345
.0359
,0366
,0380
,0377
,0455
,0443
,0449
,0441
,0434
,0449
0460
0450
0451
0469
0515
0537
TON
TON-
28.
30.
31.
30.
31 .
34 .
35.
37 .
40.
36.
36.
37 .
38 .
38 .
37 .
38 .
3 8
38.
39.
40.
40.
40.
42.
43.
42.
43.
42.
44 .
46.
45.
46.
-M
.3
.7
.5
.8
. 2
.4
. 9
.6
.2
,6
,5
, 1
. 8
,8
,5
,5
,2
. 9
,0
, 9
,5
,8
,2
,1
S
0
6
9
5
6
7
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
Q-22D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-23
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 DC Marketing Group s Trucks
YEAR
ENGINE
CID HP
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
12
14
14
13
14
18
18
19
21
19.
19.
21 .
21 .
21 .
21 .
21 .
21 .
21 .
21 .
20 .
20 .
20.
20.
20.
19.
20.
19.
20.
21 .
21 .
21 .
T
. 1
.1
. 9
.4
. 9
9
.7
.7
.4
, 9
. 1
. 6
. 6
. 1
IT
. 2
.5
. 3
. 6
. 1
.2
.2
.1
. 9
.4
, 6
.0
. 0
.1
. 2
10
11
11
11.
11.
15.
15.
15.
17.
15.
15.
16.
17.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
16.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
14 .
15.
16.
16.
16.
.4
. 0
.2
. 2
.8
. 2
.2
. 6
. 3
. 3
, 9
_ 7
.0
.8
IT
.6
.5
. 6
. 3
8
.5
.4
.4
, 2
, 2
.5
. 9
.4
. 1
.0
.1
10.
12 .
12.
11 .
12.
16.
16.
16.
18.
16.
16.
17.
18.
18.
18.
18.
18 .
18 .
18 .
17.
17 .
17.
17.
17.
17 .
17.
16.
17.
17.
18.
18.
.8
. 0
. 0
.8
.2
. 0
. 1
.7
.5
.5
. 9
. 9
.4
.4
.0
. 3
.1
. 3
.2
.5
. 1
, 2
. 3
.1
. 0
.4
8
1
9
0
1
4307
4353
4399
4332
4221
3620
3752
3710
3529
3718
3721
3661
3658
3683
3725
3799
3858
3854
3832
3977
3942
4174
4210
4308
4376
4307
4543
4562
4521
4414
4520
0-60
TIME
13.
13.
13.
13.
14 .
14 .
15.
14 .
14 .
15.
14 .
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
12.
12.
12 .
11 .
11.
11 .
11.
11.
11.
11 .
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
.5
. 3
.1
.4
. 1
. 3
. 1
.7
9
. 1
. 6
0
.0
.0
.0
.5
.5
. 3
. 6
. 3
.0
.1
.4
, 2
. 0
.0
. 9
.7
. 6
2
2
TOP
SPEED
114
116
116
114
111
108
106
107
106
106
108
107
110
115
115
117
118
119
123
125
126
126
125
126
128
128
129
131
131
134
135
HP/
(
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
n
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
:ID
.463
.474
.472
.461
.487
.550
.502
.504
.552
.556
.589
602
.634
.672
.679
. 689
.704
.727
.735
.743
.758
.763
.751
.767
.780
.800
.808
.861
869
888
913
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
n
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
HP/
WT
.0346
.0355
.0359
.0347
.0325
.0322
.0303
.0311
.0306
.0299
,0313
0307
,0332
,0368
,0369
,0385
,0387
,0396
,0424
, 0436
,0448
,0442
,0430
,0436
,0445
0448
0452
0461
0465
0492
0496
TON
TON-
27.
30.
31.
30.
31 .
34 .
35.
36.
39 .
37 .
37 .
39
40.
40.
40.
41.
41.
41 .
41 .
41.
40.
42.
43.
43.
44 .
44.
45.
46.
47 .
46.
48.
-M
.8
.8
.1
.4
. 1
.4
•-J
. 9
. 3
, 2
, 8
, 2
3
,0
,4
,5
, 9
,2
. 3
,0
•-J
,0
,6
,0
4
1
1
7
9
4
PERCENT OF DC Trucks:
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
Q-23D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-24
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 DC Marketing Group s All
YEAR
49.1
PERCENT OF DC All:
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
VEHICLE TYPE
DSL Van SUV PICKUP
TWO
NUMBER OF VALVES
THREE FOUR FIVE
Q-24D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-25
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Toyota Marketing Group s Cars
WGHT
LB
2746
2742
2623
2611
2708
2622
2555
2576
2744
2712
2778
2769
2822
2778
2829
2959
2920
3096
3144
3144
3175
3204
3232
3313
3304
3260
3242
3352
3217
3415
3269
VOL
CU-FT
84
88
86
89
88
89
95
97
95
97
95
94
94
95
96
101
103
104 .
105.
106.
106.
108.
107.
107.
106.
Ill .
Ill .
113.
108.
.5
. 2
. 3
. 3
.8
9
. 3
.5
. 7
. 1
.3
.8
. 7
. 9
3
.2
.8
2
. 3
.7
.2
3
.8
. 6
. 9
.1
.0
.8
. 9
ENGINE
CID HP
129 94
116
108
112
113
115
114
118
124
118
122
116
115
111
115
122
121
129
132
131
135
134
137
143
142
141
141
154
143
158
143
85
79
82
81
78
76
81
92
89
101
99
107
105
110
122
121
131
138
131
139
134
142
152
153
155
156
170
161
175
159
0-60
TIME
13.3
14
14
14
14
14
15
14
14
14
13
13
12
12
12
12.
11.
11.
11 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
.4
f 7
.4
. 9
9
.1
.6
.1
. 3
.3
.5
. 8
~j
.4
.0
, 9
.7
.4
. 8
.4
.8
IT
.0
.0
.6
. 7
, 2
, 2
.1
.5
TOP
SPEED
108
104
102
104
103
102
101
103
106
105
110
109
112
111
113
116
116
118
120
118
121
119
121
124
125
126
127
130
129
131
127
HP/
CID
0.727
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
1 .
1 .
1
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1.
1.
1 .
1 .
1.
1.
.741
.743
.741
.729
.682
.668
.684
.732
.744
.819
.839
. 919
.932
.952
992
998
017
039
002
029
997
030
057
070
107
106
107
134
103
115
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
n
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
HP/
WT
.0341
.0309
.0301
.0313
.0299
.0298
.0294
.0309
.0327
.0323
.0356
.0349
.0371
.0371
.0384
.0403
. 0406
.0416
. 0430
0412
.0431
.0415
.0432
.0456
.0459
.0475
.0477
.0503
.0497
.0508
.0481
TON
-MPG
29.2
34
38
35
32
36
40
39
43
44
44
44
46
45.
45.
45.
44 .
44 .
45.
45 .
47 .
47.
48.
50.
50.
49.
51 .
52 .
52 .
53.
54 .
.4
. 3
. 9
.7
.2
.0
.5
. 6
T
. 8
. 8
_ 7
.5
. 2
. 1
t 7
. 6
.4
. 6
. 6
, 3
, 3
, 9
,5
, 1
, 3
T
.8
CU-FT CU-FT
-MPG TON-MP'
2514
2444
2116
2516
2821
2798
3123
3287
3156
3198
3225
3151
3072
2956
2988
2969
3062
3074
3201
3183
3190
3317
3310
3331
3441
3494
3645
3626
3712
3244
3157
2821
3234
3548
3549
4160
4364
4303
4354
4450
4321
4290
4330
4311
4525
4729
4758
5020
5045
5135
5449
5425
5382
5501
5794
5800
6103
5992
PERCENT OF Toyota Cars:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
•^
.4
. 1
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
78
65
77
70
65
64
59
57
56
46
46
40
40
34
29
23
27
21
19
17
10
8
5
4
4
7
6
5
4
4
10
.5
T
. 3
.6
. 6
.8
. 9
.4
. 9
.4
.4
.6
.6
.0
. 0
. 2
.1
.5
.1
.8
. 2
T
.0
. 9
. 7
.4
.4
. 9
.3
.5
4 .5
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
Q-25D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-26 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Toyota Marketing Group s Wagons
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60
TIME
14.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
15.
15.
15.
16.
16.
16.
13.
12 .
12 .
12.
12.
12.
11 .
11.
11 .
11.
10.
10.
11.
.4
IT
.8
.5
.8
.8
. 3
. 3
. 7
.8
. 8
.4
.3
. 9
. 6
, 2
,4
.0
, 2
i 7
.5
7
q
9
^
TOP
SPEED
104
104
102
104
102
102
101
101
99
98
97
99
110
111
112
114
113
117
121
118
119
118
122
122
119
HP/
(
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
1.
1.
1.
1 .
1.
1 .
1.
1.
1 .
1 .
:ID
.748
.744
.740
.742
.743
. 689
.653
.653
.720
.708
. 648
.724
.890
. 939
. 959
.017
,014
.036
.052
.018
. 035
016
227
257
200
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
HP/
WT
.0311
.0310
.0300
.0309
.0301
.0301
.0291
.0292
.0279
.0260
.0253
.0271
.0356
.0363
.0372
.0388
,0381
,0404
,0436
0410
0417
0409
0450
0450
0430
PERCENT OF Toyota Wagons:
YEAR
0
0
0
0
0
0
95
52
96
0
8
10
13
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
22
7
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.5
.4
.4
.0
. 2
8
8
.8
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 9
.5
.8
60
51
49
46
44
43
56
58
42
51
17
2 6
2 7
20
24
24
15
18
16
12
18
40
25
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
45.4
.5
3068
2830
2729
3094
3208
3260
3421
4104
4156
3957
4028
3857
3741
3660
374 8
3694
3940
3906
4079
4062
3927
4058
4173
4063
3786
3560
4010
4146
4174
4268
5243
5217
5132
5845
5599
5445
5433
5472
5656
6048
6182
6527
6484
5891
5959
6129
FIVE
100.0
4 .2
0.0
77 .3
95.8
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
Q-26D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-27 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Toyota Marketing Group s Cars and Wagons
VOL
CU-FT
88
90
88
91
90
91
96
99
101
98
98
96
96
97
97
101
104
104 .
105.
107.
106.
108.
107.
107.
106.
Ill .
Ill .
114 .
109.
.1
. 1
.0
. 5
.4
. 2
.8
. 6
.4
. 7
. 3
.3
.1
3
9
_ 7
. 8
. 9
. 1
.2
. 3
.8
. 6
. 9
.1
.0
.1
. 3
ENGINE
CID HP
121 89
115
108
113
113
115
114
118
115
116
116
115
115
111
115
122
120
129
132
131
135
134
137
143
142
141
141
154
140
152
140
85
8 0
82
81
78
76
81
85
87
91
97
107
105
110
121
120
131
138
131
139
134
142
152
153
155
156
170
159
170
157
0-60
TIME
13.9
14
14
14
14
14
15
14
14
14
14
13
12
12
12
12.
11.
11.
11 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
11 .
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
. 5
.8
.4
. 9
9
.1
.7
. 6
.5
. 2
. 6
. 9
. 7
.4
.0
, 9
.8
.4
. 8
.4
.8
IT
.0
.0
.6
. 7
, 2
, 2
, 2
.5
TOP HP/
SPEED CID
106 0.738
104
102
104
102
102
101
103
104
105
106
108
111
111
113
116
116
118
120
118
121
119
121
124
125
126
127
130
128
130
127
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.
0.
1 .
1 .
1
1 .
0.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1.
1.
1 .
1 .
1.
1.
.741
.742
.741
. 730
.682
.667
.682
.728
.740
.774
.833
. 916
. 932
.952
.994
.999
.017
. 039
002
. 030
. 997
.030
.057
.070
.107
. 106
. 107
. 142
.120
.122
0
0
u
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
n
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
HP/
WT
.0325
.0309
. U3ul
.0313
.0299
.0298
.0294
.0308
.0311
.0316
.0329
.0345
.0369
.0371
.0383
.0402
.0405
.0415
.0430
0412
.0431
.0414
.0432
.0456
.0459
.0475
.0477
.0503
.0493
.0501
.0477
TON
-MPG
30.0
34
38
35
32
36
39
39
43
44
44
44
46
45
45.
45.
44 .
44 .
45.
45 .
47 .
47.
48.
50.
50.
49.
51 .
52 .
52 .
53.
54 .
.3
.8
.7
.2
.8
. 3
. 6
.6
. 6
.7
_ 7
.6
. 2
. 1
t 7
. 6
.5
. 6
. 3
. 3
. 3
. 9
.5
. 1
. 3
.4
, 7
CU-FT CU-FT
-MPG TON-MP'
2593
2491
2166
2561
2851
2829
3221
3372
3420
3240
3320
3192
3113
2993
3023
2989
3091
3094
3222
3196
3190
3317
3310
3331
3441
3494
3668
3675
3747
3361
3233
2882
3295
3595
3591
4196
4455
4544
4397
4616
4396
4359
4387
4363
4558
4774
4792
5056
5066
5135
5449
5425
5382
5501
5794
5808
6086
6002
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
0.0
14.3
17.0
17.3
11.9
15.2
12.4
13.0
13.5 86.
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
FIVE
Q-27D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-28
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Toyota Marketing Group s Vans
YEAR
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
Q-28D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-29
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Toyota Marketing Group s SUVs
YEAR
< FUEL
LAB
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
12
10
13
12
13
13
14
14
14
17 .
21 ,
23 .
22 .
20.
19.
19.
18 .
17 .
17 .
17 .
18 .
22 .
22 .
22 .
2 2 .
22 .
2 2 .
22 .
2 2 .
22 .
23.
.0
. 9
. 6
. 7
.8
. 8
.3
.2
.1
. 3
.1
. 3
.7
^
.7
IT
.5
. 0
.4
.4
.5
~j
. 9
. 9
. 7
.4
.5
.6
.4
. 9
.0
EC
CITY
9
8
10
9.
11.
11.
11 .
11 .
11 .
13.
16.
18 .
18.
16.
15.
15.
14 .
13.
13.
13.
14 .
18.
18.
18.
17 .
17.
17 .
17.
17 .
17.
18 .
.0
.1
_ 7
_ 7
.0
. 0
. 3
.2
.2
. 6
.8
_ 7
.2
. 1
.7
. 3
.5
.5
. 7
. 7
. 6
.0
.1
, 2
. 9
.6
, 6
T
.4
.8
.0
ONOMY >
HWY
12.
11.
13.
12 .
12.
12 .
13.
13.
13.
16.
19.
21 .
20.
18.
18.
18.
17.
16.
16.
16.
17 .
21.
21.
21.
21 .
21.
21 .
21.
21 .
22 .
2 2 .
.2
.4
. 0
_ 7
.7
.8
.4
.4
. 3
. 3
t 7
.4
T
.8
.4
.6
. 6
.0
, 2
. 3
.5
.1
.4
.4
.4
.1
.5
.6
.5
.2
.1
55/45
10.
9 .
11.
10.
11 .
11 .
12.
12.
12.
14 .
18.
19.
19.
17.
16.
16.
15.
14 .
14 .
14 .
15.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
.2
. 3
. 6
. 9
.7
_ 7
.2
. 1
.0
.7
. 0
.8
. 3
. 2
.8
.6
.7
.5
. 8
. 8
. 8
. 3
.5
.5
. 3
.0
. 2
.2
1
6
6
WGHT
LB
4000
4082
4030
4078
4039
4001
4239
4342
4463
3939
3727
4029
3730
4018
4103
4276
4492
4515
4499
4484
4379
3735
3633
3861
4112
4174
4197
4215
4302
4371
4428
ENGINE
CID
257
258
258
258
258
258
258
258
258
194
170
151
157
175
180
178
190
179
195
196
187
185
178
180
188
193
190
194
212
219
222
HP
110
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
109
118
117
118
134
140
147
149
150
160
161
154
165
163
169
188
191
199
200
212
220
231
0-60
TIME
15.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
15.
15.
15.
14 .
15.
14 .
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
11.
10.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9 .
9.
.7
.4
. 3
.4
. 3
. 2
.8
. 1
.4
. 6
. 0
.1
.1
T
.5
.4
8
8
, 2
.1
, 2
.1
. 9
, 2
. 8
.8
.4
.4
.1
9
7
TOP
SPEED
104
108
109
108
109
109
107
107
106
104
109
106
108
112
113
114
113
113
116
116
115
124
125
124
128
129
131
131
134
136
138
HP/
(
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
1.
1 .
1.
1 .
1.
1.
:ID
.428
.484
.484
.484
.484
.484
.484
.484
.484
.587
.733
.793
7 7 S
.777
.785
.826
.793
.836
.822
.822
.828
. 907
.925
.951
.017
.004
.082
.070
.045
032
056
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
HP/
WT
.0275
.0307
.0310
.0307
.0310
.0312
.0296
.0289
.0280
.0276
,0319
.0292
.0317
.0334
.0340
.0344
.0332
.0332
.0354
.0357
.0352
.0439
.0447
.0436
.0460
0460
0479
0479
0498
0509
0522
PERCENT OF Toyota SUVs:
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
100
9 7
94
84
92
100
100
100
0
0
o
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
33
54
31
19
14
21
21.
17
13
15
.0
9
.1
.4
.1
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.2
. 3
. 9
^
.7
.8
.0
^
. 9
. 9
0.
2 .
5.
15.
7 .
0.
0.
0.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
80.
82.
82.
81.
92.
52.
38 .
60.
70.
79 .
42.
58 .
64.
74 .
6 6 .
.0
. 1
9
. 6
, 9
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
9
9
. 5
. 0
.4
. 3
.4
. 1
. 6
.4
.4
. 1
.5
. 1
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
20 .
17.
17.
18.
8 .
14 .
7 i
7
10.
IT
35.
20 .
18.
11 .
18 .
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 1
. 1
.5
. 0
.4
. 3
.8
.4
.7
.8
. 6
.7
. 6
. 0
79.1
18.5
0.0 98 . 1
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 99.9
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
Q-29D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-30
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Toyota Marketing Group s Pickups
PERCENT OF Toyota Pickups:
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
FUEL METERING D
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
Q-30D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-31
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Toyota Marketing Group s Trucks
YEAR
PERCENT OF Toyota Trucks:
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING D
FI PORT TBI
GARB D DSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
87 . 3
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
Q-31D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-32
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Toyota Marketing Group s All
YEAR
ENGINE
CID
125
120
115
119
118
119
119
124
122
125
126
127
125
123
126
132
132
136
140
141
146
147
150
155
157
166
165
176
170
176
179
HP
90
8 7
82
85
83
81
79
84
88
91
96
101
107
108
114
124
124
131
136
131
141
142
149
158
163
171
175
184
178
186
192
0-60
TIME
13.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 ,
13.
13.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12 .
11 .
12.
11 .
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
. 9
. 4
. 6
. 3
.7
_ 7
9
. 6
. 5
.4
. 0
. 7
.1
.8
.6
, 2
3
. 1
8
, 2
. 7
.5
. 3
. 9
. 9
.6
.5
. 3
2
2
1
TOP
SPEED
106
104
103
104
103
103
102
104
105
105
107
108
110
111
113
115
115
117
118
117
120
120
122
125
126
128
129
131
130
132
132
HP/
(
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1 .
1.
1 .
1.
1.
1.
1.
:ID
.730
. 732
. 730
.728
.718
. 685
. 664
.676
.716
.723
.760
.798
.852
.882
.908
.948
. 949
. 969
. 977
. 940
. 980
.976
.997
.023
.041
.050
.073
.066
083
074
091
0.
u .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
HP/
WT
.0326
. u312
.0306
.0314
.0303
.0304
.0300
.0310
.0314
.0316
,0331
.0340
.0357
.0365
.0377
.0392
.0389
.0400
.0411
.0395
.0418
.0425
.0437
.0455
.0460
0472
0479
0492
0491
0498
0501
TON
TON-
29.
33 .
37 .
35.
31 .
35.
39 .
39 .
42.
42.
43.
43.
45.
44 .
43.
44 .
44 .
43.
44 .
44 .
46.
45.
46.
47.
48 .
48.
49.
49.
50.
51.
53.
-M
.8
. 9
.4
.7
. 1
.6
.2
.5
. 8
, 8
. 8
.0
.0
. 9
.0
.0
. 6
.2
.1
.0
•-J
.2
. 9
.4
0
0
4
0
6
0
PERCENT OF Toyota All:
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
0
0
0
0
0
14
16
19
22
36
21
48
52
65
6 6
69
59
45
66
64
45
70
69
68
67
66
60
60
63
6 6
65
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.5
. 7
.6
.0
.0
. 9
.5
. 2
. 6
. 0
.4
. 2
. 7
.0
. 3
.4
.4
. 1
.0
.4
.0
.8
. 6
. 9
.3
. 0
4WD
0
0
0
0
1
6 .
6 .
8
33
14
29
15
16
15
14
14
13
11
12.
18
15
15
18
16
19
19
20
19
19
20
19
.0
.0
.0
.0
3
. 7
.4
.6
.5
.5
. 0
.5
. 0
. 8
. 0
. 3
. 8
.8
.5
.0
. 2
8
. 7
.0
. 2
.5
.8
. 9
. 3
. 8
. 2
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
GARB
VEHICLE TYPE
DSL Van SUV PICKUP
TWO
NUMBER OF VALVES
THREE FOUR FIVE
20.6 62.2
0.0 96.6
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
Q-32D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-33
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Honda Marketing Group s Cars
YEAR
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60 TOP HP/
TIME SPEED CID
HP/
WT
PERCENT OF Honda Cars:
YEAR
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
96
100
99
9 9
9 9
9 9
99
99
100
100
100
9 9
98
98
9 9
99
97
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 1
.0
. 6
.8
. 9
. 9
. 9
. 9
.0
.0
.0
.0
.8
. 8
.1
. 1
. 1
4WD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 9
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 2
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
3 5
37
37
51
52
53
59
60
64
64
64
64
72
7 2
7 7
81
82
83
83
83
79
81
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.6
. 7
.6
.4
.5
. 7
.0
. 9
.4
. 3
.1
. 1
3
.4
. 2
.0
.0
.0
.4
.1
.4
.5
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
8.
3 9 .
39.
65.
73.
9 9
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 8
.1
. 0
. 0
.5
.4
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
3 9
39
42
48
76
74
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 8
.1
. 0
. 9
. 7
. 3
. 2
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.1
1. 9
47.3
56.2
56.7
49.9
56.0
59.8
54 .5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0 . 0
0 . 0
0 . 0
0.0
0 . 0
0.0
0 . 0
0.0
0 . 0
0 . 0
0 . 0
0.0
0 . 0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0 . 0
0 . 0
0 . 0
0 . 0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0 . 0
0.0
0 . 0
0 . 0
Q-33D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-34
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Honda Marketing Group s Wagons
ENGINE
CID HP
87.0
88.0
87 .4
110.7
101. 9
101. 9
101.8
111.4
111.4
111.4
111.4
116.8
116.8
116.8
122.9
125.9
125.9
119.9
119.9
120 .0
119.9
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
93
92
92
119
132
132
132
132
132
132
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
HP/
WT
33.
36.
35.
33 .
36.
38 .
41 .
41 .
40.
40.
41 .
41 .
44 .
44 .
47 .
46.
47.
48.
50.
50.
50.
47.
. 1
. 1
. 6
_ y
. 9
.0
.6
.5
.7
.5
. 1
. 0
. 6
, 2
. 0
.6
,5
.3
.8
9
0
8
2790
2786
2620
3629
3443
3764
3756
4033
3907
3878
3833
4029
4081
4139
3578
3417
3478
3481
3487
3425
3279
YEAR
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
73
66
66
60
85
85
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 1
T
.1
.4
. 6
.6
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
4WD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2 6
33
33
39
14
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 9
. 3
. 9
.6
.4
.4
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
NUMBER OF VALVESD
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
39
14
14
7 6
100
100
100
100
100
100
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.6
.4
.4
.5
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
60
85
85
23
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.4
. 6
.6
.5
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Q-34D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-35 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Honda Marketing Group s Cars and Wagons
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
HP/
WT
15.
15.
14 .
14 .
15.
15.
14 .
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
13.
13.
12.
12 .
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11 .
11 .
11 .
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
. 9
. 6
.8
.8
.5
. 1
. 6
. 6
.5
.0
, 2
, 6
, 6
.6
. 1
. 5
,1
0
5
2
2
0
1
9
6
5
5
4
1
1
1
97
97
100
100
99
100
102
102
102
107
107
108
108
112
114
117
120
121
118
120
120
121
121
123
126
126
126
127
131
131
132
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
1.
1.
1.
1 .
1.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1.
1.
1 .
1.
1.
.653
.671
.716
.701
.666
.685
.716
.715
.728
.809
.813
. 828
.840
.912
. 986
.021
,056
087
061
114
126
094
100
136
142
157
150
160
193
212
215
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.0271
.0278
.0300
.0297
.0279
.0293
.0305
.0304
.0309
.0354
.0347
.0347
.0348
.0375
.0392
.0418
.0440
.0446
.0418
.0435
.0434
.0440
.0438
.0451
.0470
.0476
.0478
.0483
.0510
.0509
.0514
GARB
DSL
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
97
98
52
43
43
50
44
40
45
42
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 9
.1
_ 7
.8
. 3
.1
.0
.2
.5
. 3
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
2 ,
1.
47.
56.
56.
49.
56.
59.
54 .
57.
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 1
9
. 3
.2
_ 7
. 9
.0
.8
.5
_ 7
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
Q-35D
-------
Table Q-36
Appendix Q
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Honda Marketing Group s Vans
PERCENT OF Honda Vans:
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
FIVE
Q-36D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-37
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Honda Marketing Group s SUVs
49.7
PERCENT OF Honda SUVs:
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
9.1 0.0 90.9
4.2 0.0 95.8
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
FIVE
Q-37D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-38 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Honda Marketing Group s Pickups
YEAR < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON
LAB CITY HWY 55/45 LB CID HP TIME SPEED CID WT TON-MPG
PERCENT OF Honda Pickups:
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING VEHICLE SIZE NUMBER OF VALVES
FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK FI PORT TBI CARB DSL SMALL MID LARGE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
Q-38D
-------
Table Q-39
Appendix Q
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Honda Marketing Group s Trucks
PERCENT OF Honda Trucks:
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
9.1 0.0 90.9
0.0 0.0 100.0
2.4 0.0 97.6
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
FIVE
Q-39D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-40
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Honda Marketing Group s All
ENGINE
CID
83
84
88
90
97
100
100
100
101
104
104
107
109
115
112
119
122
125
119
123
118
126
124
129
139
142
145
149
159
156
158
HP
54
56
62
63
64
68
71
71
74
84
84
90
93
105
110
121
130
135
125
134
131
136
134
144
156
159
162
171
186
185
192
0-60
TIME
15.
15.
14 .
14 .
15.
15.
14 .
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
13.
13.
12.
12 .
11.
11.
11.
11 .
11.
11 .
11.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9 .
. 9
. 6
.8
.8
.5
. 1
. 6
. 6
.5
.0
. 2
. 6
. 6
.6
.1
.5
, 1
.0
.5
. 2
, 2
.1
. 3
.1
~j
~j
. 6
. 3
.1
.1
9
TOP
SPEED
97
97
100
100
99
100
102
102
102
107
107
108
108
112
114
117
120
121
118
120
120
121
120
122
125
126
127
129
132
132
134
HP/
(
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
1.
1.
1.
1 .
1.
1 .
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1.
1.
:ID
.653
.671
.716
.701
.666
.685
.716
.715
.728
.809
.813
.828
.840
.912
. 986
.021
,056
.087
.061
.107
. 124
.091
.091
.125
.139
.141
.135
.149
.170
.182
201
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
HP/
WT
.0271
.0278
.0300
.0297
.0279
.0293
.0305
.0304
.0309
.0354
.0347
.0347
.0348
.0375
.0392
.0418
,0440
,0446
,0418
,0434
,0432
,0439
,0431
,0444
,0464
,0468
0471
0488
0507
0507
0519
PERCENT OF Honda All:
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
DRI1.
/STRAIN
FRONT
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
98
98
9 9
99
95
99
9 9
99
9 9
97
9 9
96
90
89
87
89
86
85
75
74
74
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
. 2
.5
. 9
. 7
.6
. 8
. 9
. 9
. 9
. 7
.1
. 7
. 9
8
. 3
.8
.5
. 7
.5
4WD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
2.
0
0
7
9
10
8
12
13.
24
24
25
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 7
. 9
.8
.5
. 1
.3
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.6
.4
.8
.5
.1
.1
.0
. 7
. 0
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
GARB
VEHICLE TYPE
DSL Van SUV PICKUP
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 100.0
0.0 97.7
Q-40D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-41
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Nissan Marketing Group s Cars
ff
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-42
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Nissan Marketing Group s Wagons
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
Q-42D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-43 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Nissan Marketing Group s Cars and Wagons
FIVE
Q-43D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-44 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Nissan Marketing Group s Vans
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
HP/
WT
0.0303
0.0294
0.0285
0.0399
0.0410
0.0394
0.0377
0.0377
0.0378
0.0377
0.0377
0.0377
0.0425
0.0425
0.0425
0.0425
0.0533
0.0533
PERCENT OF Nissan Vans:
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
Q-44D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-45
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Nissan Marketing Group s SUVs
YEAR
PERCENT OF Nissan SUVs:
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
GARB
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
Q-45D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-46
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Nissan Marketing Group s Pickups
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
HP/
WT
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
23
24
25
25
23
25
27
27
27
26.
25.
24 .
25 .
24 .
24 .
o 7
26 .
26.
2 6 .
25.
24 .
25.
24 .
25.
2 3 .
21.
2 2 .
2 2 .
2 2 .
22 .
18 .
.6
.5
. 0
. 6
. 2
.1
.7
.8
.4
.2
_ 7
_ 7
. 1
.7
.8
. 1
. 9
.7
.4
. 6
. 9
.2
. 9
.5
. 3
.8
, 2
. 0
.4
.5
, 7
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
FUEL METERING D
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVESD
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
0
0
0
0
0
14
28
24
24
31
26
25
14
23
25
18
20
22
22
29
25
18
20
24
38
25
21
24
28
28
48
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 2
.5
. 2
. 3
. 6
. 8
. 1
. 1
.6
.4
. 3
.0
. 3
.0
8
. 6
. 9
.4
. 9
•^
.1
. 0
.1
on
on
o
o
o
o
o
Q-46D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-47
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Nissan Marketing Group s Trucks
ENGINE
CID
119
119
119
119
119
119
133
133
141
145
146
151
154
158
156
154
156
160
161
165
167
170
172
173
191
191
198
196
204
239
260
HP
107
109
109
107
92
92
92
91
100
103
103
109
114
118
117
138
139
141
142
144
145
148
149
154
164
165
192
186
214
239
270
0-60
TIME
12.
11.
11.
12 .
13.
13 .
14 .
14 .
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
11.
11.
11.
11 .
12.
12 .
11.
12.
12.
11.
11.
10.
11 .
10.
9 .
9 .
.0
.8
.8
. 1
. 6
.8
. 3
. 5
. 6
.8
. 7
.4
.3
. 3
. 1
.4
,5
.6
. 9
.1
. 1
.8
.1
, 2
. 9
.8
.8
. 0
0
7
1
TOP
SPEED
113
114
114
113
107
106
106
105
108
108
108
109
110
111
111
119
119
119
118
118
118
119
118
119
121
121
129
127
136
140
146
HP/
(
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
1.
1.
1.
:ID
.901
.917
.914
.899
. 773
.770
. 693
.685
.716
.709
.705
.725
.738
.745
.748
.899
, 892
.885
. 885
. 876
.872
.876
.875
.899
.866
.872
.965
. 950
042
015
064
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
HP/
WT
.0390
.0397
.0396
.0385
.0332
.0325
.0320
.0317
. 0332
.0327
. 0330
.0340
.0343
.0344
. 0350
.0418
,0415
.0410
.0400
.0393
.0393
.0402
.0392
.0388
.0401
0404
0461
0447
0513
0526
0560
TON
TON-
32.
3 3
34 .
35.
32 .
35 .
40.
40.
42.
41.
40.
39 .
39.
39 .
39.
42 .
42.
42.
42 .
42.
42 .
42.
42.
44 .
43.
42.
43.
43.
46.
48.
51.
-M
.5
.8
.4
_ 7
.4
.8
. 9
. 9
. 0
T
O
. 9
.4
.4
. 8
.5
,2
.0
. 9
. 8
.2
.4
.8
.6
.8
9
1
1
0
2
1
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING D
FI PORT TBI
GARB D DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
90
90
85
87
88
91
94
94
95
91
86
87
69
67
75
69
67
63
54
47
47
42
40
36
14
18
14
15
9
2
1
.0
.0
.4
.6
.5
. 9
. 6
.5
. 6
. 2
T
. 2
. 1
.0
. 7
.5
. 9
.5
.8
T
.8
. 6
. 7
.4
. 9
. 2
.0
.1
. 9
. 2
. 6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
8
13.
12
30
33
24
30
32
36
45
52
52
57
59
63
85
81
86
84
70
83
85
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.4
.8
.8
. 9
. 0
.3
.5
.1
.5
. 3
.4
. 3
. 6
.1
8
.0
. 9
.8
.2
.8
Q-47D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-48
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Nissan Marketing Group s All
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
HP/
WT
11.
11.
11.
11 .
13 .
14 .
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
14 .
12.
11.
10.
10.
11 .
11.
10.
10.
10.
11.
11.
10.
10.
9.
9.
9 .
9 .
.7
. 9
. 9
. 9
9
.0
.8
.8
.4
.0
.1
. 2
.9
.1
.4
, 2
, 9
. 9
.0
. 2
8
.6
.8
.1
.0
.5
. 3
. 9
.1
.4
2
116
115
114
114
106
105
107
107
108
110
110
110
108
107
113
121
123
122
122
122
125
126
125
124
124
129
131
134
142
140
142
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
1.
1 .
1.
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1.
1.
.944
. 939
.941
. 933
.776
.759
.745
.751
.783
.767
.764
.769
.767
. 868
.938
, 993
.011
.008
.008
. 999
.032
.009
.018
.008
.033
. 062
.086
.140
.111
134
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
u .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
.0416
.0405
.0404
.0403
. u331
.0327
.0340
.0338
.0347
.0363
.0356
.0351
. 0336
.0330
.0381
.0439
,0452
,0449
,0445
,0440
,0457
,0469
,0458
,0444
,0447
0481
0491
0521
0579
0555
0563
33.1
34 .8
35.3
34 .8
33. 6
38.2
39.3
40.2
41.8
42.4
40.6
41.1
41.7
41.9
42 .2
42.9
44 .2
44 .8
44.5
44 .7
44.6
46.0
45.2
48.0
51.5
PERCENT OF Nissan All:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
GARB
VEHICLE TYPE
DSL Van SUV PICKUP
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
81
77
74
74
75
75
71
64
6 6
66
60
67
50
53
51
48
44
40
34
29
32
31
22
20
11
13
10
12
10
.3
T
.8
. 9
.6
. 1
. 1
. 3
. 3
.8
.8
. 9
. 7
.5
. 6
.1
. 6
. 3
.0
. 1
.5
. 7
. 3
. 2
T
. 3
. 9
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
18
32
32
38
32
49
46
48
51
55
59
65
70
68
68
77
79
88
86
89
87
82
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 3
.4
8
.4
T
. 2
.1
•^
.5
.4
. 9
.4
.8
T
.0
. 9
.5
. 3
T
8
. 3
T
.1
Q-48D
-------
Table Q-49
Appendix Q
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 HK Marketing Group s Cars
PERCENT OF HK Cars:
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
100 .0
100 .0
100 .0
100 .0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100
100.0
100 .0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
100.0
100
100.0
100 .0
100
0
0
0
0
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
8 .4
.0 0.0
.0 0.0
.0 0.0
.0 16.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
Q-49D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-50
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 HK Marketing Group s Wagons
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0
Q-50D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-51 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 HK Marketing Group s Cars and Wagons
YEAR
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
HP/
CID
.756
.756
.756
.758
.873
.878
. 980
. 989
.982
.024
.068
. 080
.088
.091
.099
.081
.070
. 078
.064
.057
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
HP/
WT
.0272
.0272
. 0272
.0287
.0335
.0335
.0352
.0369
.0360
.0391
,0407
.0418
.0420
.0433
.0434
.0426
.0420
0432
0443
0441
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
.0 0.0
.0 0.0
.0 0.0
.0 16.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100 .0
.0 100.0
.0 100 .0
.0 100 .0
.0 100 .0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100 .0
.0 100 .0
.0 100.0
.0 100 .0
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
Q-51D
-------
Table Q-52
Appendix Q
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 HK Marketing Group s Vans
PERCENT OF HK Vans:
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
GARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
Q-52D
-------
Table Q-53
Appendix Q
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 HK Marketing Group s SUVs
PERCENT OF HK SUVs:
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
49.5 0.0 50.5
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
FIVE
Q-53D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-54 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 HK Marketing Group s Pickups
YEAR < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON
LAB CITY HWY 55/45 LB CID HP TIME SPEED CID WT TON-MPG
PERCENT OF HK Pickups:
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING VEHICLE SIZE NUMBER OF VALVES
FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK FI PORT TBI CARB DSL SMALL MID LARGE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
Q-54D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-55
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 HK Marketing Group s Trucks
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60
TIME
14.
12.
12.
12 .
12 .
12.
12.
12.
11.
11 .
11 .
.5
. 5
. 6
. 6
. 6
. 6
.2
.0
. 6
. 3
. 6
TOP
SPEED
107
115
115
115
115
115
118
121
124
126
124
HP/
(
0.
1 .
1.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
0.
0.
0 .
:ID
.899
.066
.066
. 066
.066
.066
.054
.015
.964
.950
.985
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
HP/
WT
.0313
.0371
.0371
.0371
.0371
.0371
.0390
.0398
.0416
.0432
.0416
42.7
41.0
41.6
42.7
42.7
41.1
44.8
47.1
48.1
48.1
49.6
PERCENT OF HK Trucks:
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
49.5 0.0 50.5
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
0.0 0.0 100.0
FIVE
Q-55D
-------
Table Q-56
Appendix Q
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 HK Marketing Group s All
ENGINE
CID HP
0-
60
TIME
15
16
16
15
13
13
13
12
13
12
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
. 9
.0
. 0
.5
. 6
.7
.2
.7
. 0
. 3
.8
f 7
. 7
.4
.4
.5
. 6
. 3
. 1
3
TOP
SPEED
9 9
9 9
99
101
106
106
109
111
110
113
115
117
117
118
119
119
119
121
123
123
PERCENT OF HK All:
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
GARB
VEHICLE TYPE
DSL Van SUV PICKUP
NUMBER OF VALVES
THREE FOUR FIVE
.0 0.0
.0 0.0
.0 0.0
.0 16.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
.0 100.0
0.0
Q-56D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-57
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 VW Marketing Group s Cars
PERCENT OF VW Cars:
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
NUMBER OF VALVESD
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
Q-57D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-58
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 VW Marketing Group s Wagons
PERCENT OF VW Wagons:
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING D
FI PORT TBI
GARB D DSL
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
49.4
42 .0
77 .9
54 .3
0 .0
97 .5
100 .0
57 .3
47.4
35 . 9
34 .0
49.1
76.0
96.6
87 . 1
39 . 6
43.1
44.2
28 .7
20.9
33 . 9
39 . 6
20 . 1
23 . 1
21 .4
17 .4
18 .3
24 .6
27 .4
21 .4
0 .0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0 .0
0.0
0 .0
0 .0
0 .0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0 .0
0.0
0 .0
60 . 4
56. 9
55.8
71.3
79.1
66.1
60 .4
79.9
76.9
78.6
o
0
0
0
0
9
0
3
0
1
0
0
0
o
0
o
0
o
0
0
0
2
8
0
0
0
0
9
1
7
1
0
100
89
100
100
4
0
94
68
82
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
75
97
100
100
100
100
94
87
78
83
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 9
.0
. 3
.0
.1
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 2
.8
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 9
.1
. 7
.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
100.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0,
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
0 .
0.
11.
0.
0 .
95 .
100.
5.
32 .
17.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
24 .
2.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
IT
12.
21 .
16.
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 1
. 0
_ 7
. 0
. 9
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.8
.2
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 1
. 9
. 3
. 9
Q-58D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-59 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 VW Marketing Group s Cars and Wagons
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
GARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
Q-59D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-60
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 VW Marketing Group s Vans
YEAR
WGHT
LB
ENGINE
CID HP
0-
60
TIME
21
20
20
20
20
21
21
23
21
18
18
17
17
18
18
19
18
16
16
19
17
15
16
11
11
11
.0
. 9
.8
. 9
9
.4
. 6
.4
.0
.4
.5
. 6
.8
. 1
.7
.0
f 7
. 6
.8
.1
.1
.6
.1
.6
. 2
.0
TOP
SPEED
92
92
92
92
92
91
91
89
92
97
96
99
98
98
97
97
97
103
102
98
105
108
107
126
128
128
HP/
WT
PERCENT OF VW Vans:
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1993
1994
1995
1997
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
DRI1.
/STRAIN
FRONT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
4WD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
18
0
8
51
6.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
.0
.5
. 7
.8
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
DSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
Q-60D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-61 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 VW Marketing Group s SUVs
YEAR < FUEL ECONOMY > WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/
LAB CITY HWY 55/45 LB CID HP TIME SPEED CID WT
YEAR DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING VEHICLE SIZE NUMBER OF VALVES
FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK FI PORT TBI CARB DSL SMALL MID LARGE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
Q-61D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-62
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 VW Marketing Group s Pickups
YEAR < FUEL ECONOMY >
LAB CITY HWY 55/45
WGHT
LB
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
HP/
CID
HP/
WT
PERCENT OF VW Pickups:
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
Q-62D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-63
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 VW Marketing Group s Trucks
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
HP/
WT
16
15
17
15
14
19.
23.
22.
16.
16.
17.
15.
15.
16.
17.
17 .
17 .
16.
15.
15.
14 .
14 .
14 .
16.
16.
16.
14 .
14.
.1
.2
.8
. 3
. 6
.1
. 6
.2
_ 7
. 6
3
.2
. 2
. 0
_ 7
.8
. 5
.2
. 5
.4
. 1
.4
.4
. 6
.8
19.
20.
21.
19.
17.
24 .
27 .
24 .
19.
18 .
19.
17 .
16.
17.
18.
18 .
18 .
19.
19.
18.
18.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
.8
. 1
. 5
. 1
. 6
. 2
.8
. 9
. 0
. 9
.2
. 1
.7
. 6
.2
. 1
_ 7
. 6
.2
.2
. 3
.2
. 2
, 8
, 8
.8
, 6
.6
17 .
17 .
18.
17 .
16.
21 .
25.
23 .
17.
17 .
18.
16.
16.
16.
17.
17 .
17 .
17 .
17.
16.
15.
16.
16.
17 .
17 .
17.
16.
16.
. 6
. 0
9
. 0
.0
. l>
. 1
. 6
. 3
. 6
. 1
. 3
. 1
. 9
.7
. 6
.7
.9
.1
.6
.8
. 3
.2
. 6
. 8
.8
.5
•-J
3497
3500
3500
3500
3500
2770
2652
3002
3488
3627
3656
3764
3818
3868
4042
4020
4021
4157
4260
5000
5490
4897
5116
4850
4638
4564
5513
5500
109
120
120
120
120
104
104
105
117
117
117
129
129
129
129
129
129
150
150
150
170
170
170
170
170
170
215
223
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
.0192
.0191
.0191
.0191
.0191
.0249
.0236
.0208
.0201
.0227
.0225
.0240
.0237
.0234
.0223
.0224
.0224
.0263
.0257
.0218
.0255
.0289
.0276
.0418
.0435
.0441
.0449
.0493
36.
34 .
38.
35.
32.
36.
41 .
44 .
36.
37 .
3 9 .
36.
36.
38.
42.
41 .
42 .
43.
42.
48.
50.
46.
48 .
50.
48 .
47.
53.
54 .
. 2
. 9
9
. 0
9
.4
.2
. 1
. 2
.5
.0
. 2
.2
.6
.2
.9
.1
.7
.8
. 9
.8
•-J
.5
. 0
q
.6
Q
.0
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
GARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1993
1994
1995
1997
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
0
0
0
0
62
74
49
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
0
0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 7
8
.0
.8
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
18
0
8
51
6.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
100
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
. 0
.5
. 7
.8
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
64
52
56
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.3
.0
. 2
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
73 .
45.
43.
92.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
100.
97 .
100.
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 2
.5
. 2
. 7
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.5
.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
97
100
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.5
.0
Q-63D
-------
Table Q-64
Appendix Q
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 VW Marketing Group s All
PERCENT OF VW All:
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
GARB
VEHICLE TYPE
DSL Van SUV PICKUP
NUMBER OF VALVES
THREE FOUR FIVE
75
72
80
73
79
84
86
79
77
66
63
6 2
69
75
70
56
57
58
54
52
60
57
57
5 3
36
. 3
.0
8
8
. 3
.5
.4
. 9
.8
. 7
.4
. 6
. 0
.5
.3
.4
.5
.6
. 3
.1
. 9
.0
.4
.4
.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
18
21
43
47
39
43
42
46
63
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
3
.0
.8
. 9
.1
.0
. 6
.6
.5
7
8
6
6
6
4
8
0
9
9
1
6
0
0
5
9
8
8
0
0
0
8
8
6
4
6
2
1
1
3
0
45
38
64
85
74
54
45
60
75
79
84
94
100
100
97
98
95
98
100
100
100
96
97
94
97
94
95
92
93
93
93
.4
. 9
. 7
. 6
. 7
.6
. 9
.1
. 7
. 1
. 6
. 0
.0
.5
. 9
8
.8
.0
.0
.0
.8
8
.6
.4
.6
. 2
. 1
. 1
. 3
.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
.0
Q-64D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-65
Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Others Marketing Group s Cars
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
21
21
22
22
23
27
26
2 7
2 6
2 6
25
25
25
25
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
26
25
24
24
24
24
25
2 6 .
26
2 6 .
. 6
. 6
. 9
.3
.6
. 2
T
. 3
. 7
. 2
.1
. 7
^
.1
. 9
.4
.5
. 2
. 8
T
T
.1
.1
. 9
. 7
.5
.5
.5
. 1
.1
. 1
16
16
17
17
18
21.
21
21
20
20
19
19
19
19
18
17
17
18
18
18
18
19
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
. 9
_ 7
.6
.1
.3
.5
.0
. 6
. 9
.4
.2
. 6
.7
.4
^
.8
_ 7
.1
.4
. 3
.3
. 5
_ 7
.6
. 3
.1
. 2
.0
.4
^
.4
WGHT
LB
2761
2810
2727
2662
2769
2716
2856
2759
2924
2965
3180
2967
2935
3023
3198
3363
3430
3549
3628
3648
3741
3468
3552
3560
3584
3626
3678
3642
3571
3574
3560
VOL
CU-
84
83
85
86
86
89
94
95
91
89
89
93
94
96
94
94
97
95
96
84
89
89
88
90
91
93
91
93
94
FT
.6
. 0
.8
3
.1
8
. 6
.5
. 9
. 3
.8
.4
. 7
.5
. 0
. 8
. 0
. 9
.0
. 7
.4
. 3
. 3
.1
. 9
.1
. 3
.8
.0
ENGINE
CID HP
111 86
119 91
117 91
115 89
123 92
117 87
125 98
122 94
129 109
140 120
161 132
149 128
144 133
144 139
158 165
167 176
163 178
154 183
164 197
166 201
171 209
169 194
183 208
184 208
179 210
181 206
186 228
178 228
172 219
172 220
173 224
0-60
TIME
15.
14 .
14,
14 .
14.
14.
13.
14 .
13.
12.
11.
12.
11.
12.
10.
10.
10.
9.
9.
9 .
9 .
9 .
9.
9 .
9.
9 .
8
8.
8
8.
8 .
. 0
. 6
.2
. 1
. 1
.8
.8
. 0
.1
. 1
. 9
. 1
.7
.0
.4
. 1
. 1
. 9
.5
. 5
.4
.4
. 0
.0
. 0
.2
. 6
.7
.8
.8
_ 7
TOP
SPEED
104
105
106
106
106
104
108
107
111
116
119
118
120
121
130
132
132
132
136
138
139
138
141
141
142
140
147
147
145
145
147
HP/
(
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
:ID
.788
.784
.794
.791
.767
.742
.799
.781
.852
.871
.832
.856
.915
.941
.045
.056
. 113
. 190
.214
.220
.231
.162
.144
.141
. 172
.138
.232
.278
.275
.276
.301
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
HP/
WT
.0305
.0317
.0328
.0330
.0329
.0314
.0342
. 0336
. 0366
.0403
.0416
.0420
.0439
.0435
.0503
.0512
.0510
.0510
.0539
.0546
.0556
.0554
.0580
.0580
.0588
.0569
.0624
.0624
.0608
.0608
.0621
1989
1914
2098
2417
2363
2548
2596
2572
2362
2350
2366
2496
2412
2383
2297
2347
2433
2387
2398
2239
2255
2236
2204
2220
2265
2416
2421
2481
2493
2696
2532
2847
3237
3353
3457
3742
3764
3732
3433
3394
3587
3683
3852
3838
4103
4393
4343
4486
3905
4058
4041
4009
4087
4215
4417
4339
4436
4448
PERCENT OF Others Cars:
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
13.
5.
FIVE
Q-65D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-66 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Others Marketing Group s Wagons
WGHT VOL
LB CU-FT
ENGINE
CID HP
0-60 TOP
TIME SPEED
2908
2848
2771
2812
3057
3500
2930
3273
2944
3224
3187
3174
3500
3500
3500
3019
3463
3942
3994
4000
4000
4000
3751
3844
3862
3826
3802
3641
115
119
120
133.
124.
129 .
125.
129 .
128.
128 .
134 .
147.
147.
133.
146.
123.
120.
120.
120.
128.
122.
121 .
121 .
120.
116.
116.
.8
. 2
9
. 0
.2
.5
.1
.5
.8
. 6
. 1
. 6
~-i
. 7
. 6
. 6
. 9
.8
.8
. 3
•^
. 6
. 2
.1
3
3
107
98
103
109
129
141
110
129
112
128
125
128
124
132
132
117
131
150
152
170
154
189
169
159
160
158
152
152
99
98
98
103
100
93
100
96
101
103
104
108
109
116
115
112
114
128
129
135
130
136
132
132
132
132
130
132
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
1 .
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
.752
.758
.724
.778
.622
.504
.744
.599
.763
.726
.758
.824
.918
.009
. 988
. 949
. 984
.202
.235
.197
.233
.105
106
202
200
202
211
211
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
.0264
.0260
.0264
.0302
.0265
. 0203
.0275
.0232
.0284
. 0289
.0300
.0333
.0327
.0380
.0372
. 0367
.0371
.0457
.0469
0509
0474
0521
0497
0494
0495
0496
0486
0507
32 .
32 .
34 .
29 .
39 .
52.
40.
46.
42.
41.
3 9 .
40.
42 .
40.
40.
39.
40.
45.
48.
47.
48.
47.
46.
47 .
49.
49.
49.
47.
. 0
. 3
.2
. 9
. 3
.4
.4
.3
.2
. 0
.6
. 1
.5
.8
.6
. 1
. 1
i 7
.4
0
8
4
1
9
3
1
1
0
2868
2527
3090
3983
3425
3664
3597
3303
3209
3258
3259
3439
3425
3464
3401
2869
2932
2839
2945
3040
3007
3033
3098
3083
3006
3004
PERCENT OF Others Wagons:
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
GARB
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
28
3 5
35
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
. 0
. 0
. 0
.0
. 0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
8
61
67
60
67
51
40
53
6 6
5 5
31
31
23
0
23
11
98
20
4
0
0
0
8
11
15
21
9
. 1
. 9
T
.4
.6
.0
. 2
.5
.1
.0
.1
. 2
.1
. 1
.5
.3
.5
.0
.1
.0
.0
.0
8
. 1
.4
.5
Q-66D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-67 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Others Marketing Group s Cars and Wagons
YEAR
ENGINE
CID
110
117
116
114
123
117
124
122
128
139
159
149
144
144
158
167
162
154
164
166
171
169
183
184
180
180
186
178
172
172
173
HP
85
89
89
89
92
87
96
94
108
118
131
127
133
139
165
176
178
183
197
201
209
194
208
208
210
205
227
228
218
219
224
0-60
TIME
15.
14 .
14.
14 .
14.
14.
14.
14.
13.
12.
12.
12.
11.
12.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9.
9 .
9.
9 .
9.
9 .
9.
9 .
8
8
8
8.
8.
.2
.8
.4
. 2
.2
.8
.0
. 1
.2
. 3
. 0
. 1
_ 7
.0
.4
. 1
.1
.0
.5
. 5
.4
.4
. 0
.0
. 0
.2
. 6
_ 7
.8
.8
.7
TOP
SPEED
103
105
105
106
106
104
107
107
111
115
118
118
120
121
130
132
132
132
136
137
139
138
141
141
142
140
147
147
145
145
147
HP/
(
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
:ID
.784
.782
.789
.789
.761
.741
.794
.778
.849
. 863
.829
.855
. 915
.942
.044
.056
.112
.190
.215
.219
.231
.162
. 144
.141
. 170
.137
.231
.276
.273
.275
.300
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
HP/
WT
.0301
.0313
.0324
.0325
.0327
.0313
.0337
.0334
.0363
. 0396
.0410
.0418
.0438
.0434
.0501
.0512
.0509
.0509
.0537
.0545
.0555
.0554
. 0580
.0580
.0586
.0567
. 0620
.0621
.0605
.0607
.0621
2048
2012
2137
2421
2444
2567
2632
2613
2402
2372
2371
2502
2425
2386
2308
2361
2445
2396
2406
2239
2255
2236
2229
2248
2288
2432
2436
2488
2497
2788
2700
2924
3248
3481
3500
3798
3852
3798
3476
3405
3603
3713
3856
3857
4146
4427
4369
4507
3905
4058
4041
4070
4142
4263
4454
4375
4452
4455
YEAR D DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
Z ARE
DSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVESD
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
Q-67D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-68 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Others Marketing Group s Vans
FIVE
Q-68D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-69 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Others Marketing Group s SUVs
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
Z ARE
DSL
VEHICLE SIZE
SMALL MID LARGE
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
Q-69D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-70 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Others Marketing Group s Pickups
PERCENT OF Others Pickups:
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
Q-70D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-71 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Others Marketing Group s Trucks
NUMBER OF VALVES
TWO THREE FOUR
FIVE
Q-71D
-------
Appendix Q
Table Q-72 Characteristics of 1975 to 2005 Others Marketing Group s All
WGHT
LB
2775
2812
2730
2686
2980
2861
2862
2768
2934
2963
3182
3000
2946
3027
3212
3345
3448
3559
3613
3655
3745
3468
3552
3560
3596
3667
3898
3858
3794
3863
3873
ENGINE
CID
110
117
116
114
146
128
124
122
129
136
160
149
144
144
160
161
159
156
163
166
171
169
183
184
180
183
191
182
177
182
181
HP
85
89
89
89
96
89
96
94
108
115
131
127
133
139
165
163
154
170
177
201
209
194
208
208
210
207
231
230
223
231
231
0-60
TIME
15.
14 .
14 .
14 .
14 .
15.
14 .
14 .
13.
12 .
12.
12.
11 .
12.
10.
10.
12 .
10.
10.
9 .
9 .
9.
9 .
9.
9 .
9.
8 .
8.
9 .
8
9 .
i2
.8
.4
.2
. 5
.0
. 0
. 1
. 3
_ 7
.0
.8
,0
.5
. 9
.0
8
T
.5
.4
.4
.0
. 0
.0
, 2
.8
, 9
.0
. 9
.0
TOP
SPEED
103
105
105
106
106
104
107
107
111
114
118
118
120
121
129
127
123
128
130
137
139
138
141
141
142
140
145
145
144
145
145
HP/
CID
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
0.
1 .
1.
1.
1.
1 .
1.
1 .
1.
1 .
1.
1.
1.
1 .
1.
.784
.782
.789
.789
.717
.717
.794
.778
.845
.853
.828
.854
.911
,941
.038
.014
. 970
.094
.090
.219
.231
. 162
.144
. 141
.170
. 135
.222
,266
,263
,268
,285
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
HP/
WT
.0301
.0313
.0324
.0325
.0321
.0308
. 0337
. 0334
.0362
.0386
,0410
,0416
,0436
,0434
,0500
,0477
,0440
,0474
,0485
,0545
,0555
,0554
,0580
,0580
,0586
,0567
,0599
,0600
,0588
,0595
,0596
PERCENT OF Others All:
YEAR
DRIVETRAIN
FRONT 4WD
FUEL METERING
FI PORT TBI
CARB
VEHICLE TYPE
Van SUV PICKUP
NUMBER OF VALVESD
TWO THREE FOUR FIVED
Q-72D
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA420-R-05-001
July 2005
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and
Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2005
Appendix R: Characteristics of Fleets Comprised of
Fuel Efficient Vehicles
Robert M. Heavenrich D
Advanced Technology DivisionD
Office of Transportation and Air Quality D
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency D
NOTICED
This Technical Report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. D
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. D
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate an exchange q/D
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments. D
-------
Appendix R
Table R-l
Best Four Model Year 2005 Cars by Vehicle Size Class
Size Class
Two-Seater
Minicompact
Subcompact
Compact
Midsize Sedan
Large Sedan
Small Wagon
Midsize Wagon
Large Wagon
Manufacturer Model Name
< Fuel Economy >
Lab Adj Adj Adj
55/45 City Hwy 55/45
MPG MPG MPG MPG
Honda
Toyota
Lotus
Mazda
BMW
VW
VW
Mitsubishi
Toyota
Toyota
Honda
GM
Honda
Toyota
Toyota
Honda
Toyota
Honda
Hyundai
GM
GM
GM
Ford
GM
Toyota
GM
Toyota
VW
Ford
VW
Subaru
Volvo
INSIGHT
MR 2
ELISE-EXIGE
MX- 5 MIATA
MINI COOPER
NEW BEETLE CONVERTIBLE
TT
ECLIPSE SPYDER
SCION XA
CELICA
RSX
COBALT
CIVIC HYBRID
ECHO
COROLLA
CIVIC
PRIUS
ACCORD HYBRID
ELANTRA
CLASSIC
MALIBU MAXX
IMPALA
MONT EGO AWD
LE SABRE
SCION XB
VIBE
COROLLA MATRIX
JETTA WAGON
FOCUS
PASSAT
LEGACY
V70
68.
33.
29.
28.
33.
29.
27.
27.
40.
36.
35.
34.
56.
42.
39.
38.
65.
37.
33.
33.
30.
28.
27.
27.
38.
35.
35.
29.
33.
28.
28.
23.
6
6
2
4
6
5
8
0
0
3
1
9
3
2
1
9
8
5
9
1
3
1
1
1
3
6
3
9
0
5
3
7
57,
26,
23,
22,
25,
22,
21,
20,
31,
28,
27,
26,
47,
33,
30,
30,
59,
29,
26,
24,
22,
20,
20,
19,
31,
28,
27,
22,
25,
21,
21,
17,
.8
.2
.2
.1
.7
. 1
. 1
.4
.5
.2
.4
.3
.4
.3
. 1
. 1
.9
.0
.0
.9
.4
.6
.4
.8
.0
.0
.8
.8
.7
.2
.5
.9
58.
32.
27.
27.
33.
30.
28.
27.
37.
35.
33.
35.
47.
39.
38.
37.
50.
36.
33.
34.
32.
30.
27.
29.
34.
33.
33.
29.
31.
29.
28.
24.
4
5
2
4
4
5
1
5
9
1
8
7
9
6
2
7
5
6
5
0
2
6
8
5
5
8
5
7
9
9
4
3
58,
28,
24,
24,
28,
25,
23,
23,
34,
30,
29,
29,
47,
35,
33,
33,
55,
32,
28,
28,
26,
24,
23,
23,
32,
30,
30,
25,
28,
24,
24,
20,
.1
.7
.9
.2
.7
.2
.7
.1
.1
.9
.9
.8
.6
.9
.3
. 1
.3
.0
.9
.3
.0
.1
.2
.2
.5
.3
.1
.5
. 1
.4
.1
.3
DC
PACIFICA
22.3 16.:
22.9 19.1
R-1D
-------
Appendix R
Table R-2
Best. Four 2005 Trucks by Size Class
Size Class
Midsize Van
Large Van
Small SUV
Midsize SUV
Large SUV
Small Pickup
Midsize Pickup
Large Pickup
Manufacturer Model Name
Honda
Toyota
GM
Nissan
GM
Ford
Ford
Toyota
Subaru
Suzuki
DC
Ford
Honda
Mitsubishi
Honda
GM
GM
Suzuki
Volvo
Subaru
Toyota
GM
Ford
Nissan
Toyota
GM
GM
ODYSSEY D
SIENNA D
VENTURE D
QUEST D
CHEVY VAN D
ECONOLINE D
CLUB WAGON D
RAV4 D
FORESTER D
GRAND VITARA D
WRANGLER-TJ D
ESCAPE HEV D
CR-V D
OUTLANDER D
ELEMENT D
RENDEZVOUS D
EQUINOXD
GRAND VITARA XL-7 D
XC 90 D
BAJA D
TOYOTA TUNDRA D
CANYON D
RANGER PICKUP D
FRONTIER D
TOYOTA TACOMA D
CANYON CREW CAB D
SILVERADO HYBRID D
< Fuel Economy >
Lab Adj Adj Adj
55/45 City Hwy 55/45
MPG MPG MPG MPG
24,
25,
25,
24,
19,
19,
17,
29,
28,
23,
18,
38,
28,
27,
26,
24,
24,
22,
21,
26,
22,
24,
22,
25,
23,
23,
22,
.9
.0
. 1
.8
.3
.2
.6
.5
.4
.6
.7
.1
.5
.1
.7
.8
.5
.6
.3
.6
.4
.5
.6
.2
.5
.0
.2
18.
18.
18.
18.
14.
14.
13.
23.
22.
18.
14.
34.
22.
21.
21.
18.
18.
17.
16.
20.
17.
18.
17.
19.
18.
17.
17.
8
7
7
6
8
8
6
3
0
7
5
2
2
1
3
5
5
4
3
5
5
7
5
8
3
6
7
25,
26,
26,
25,
19,
18,
17,
27,
27,
22,
18,
29,
27,
26,
24,
25,
25,
22,
21,
26,
21,
24,
21,
24,
22,
22,
20,
.4
.0
. 1
.7
.2
.9
.4
.7
.6
.1
.0
.7
.2
.0
.9
.8
.0
.2
.3
.2
.6
.4
.9
.0
.8
.9
.5
21.
21.
21.
21.
16.
16.
15.
25.
24.
20.
15.
32.
24.
23.
22.
21.
21.
19.
18.
22.
19.
20.
19.
21.
20.
19.
18.
3
4
4
2
5
4
1
1
2
1
9
1
2
1
7
2
0
3
2
7
1
9
2
5
0
6
9
R-2D
-------
Appendix R
Table R-3
MY2005 Best in Car Size Class Role Models
Size Class Rank Manufacturer Model Name
Two Seater
Minicompact ID
Subcompact
Compact
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
ID
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Honda D
Honda D
ToyotaD
ToyotaD
Mazda D
Mazda D
Lotus D
Mazda D
BMW D
VW D
DC D
BMW D
BMW D
D BMW D
D BMW D
D BMW D
D BMW D
D VW D
D VW D
D Mitsubishi
D VW D
D VW D
D VW D
D VW D
VW D
VW D
ToyotaD
ToyotaD
ToyotaD
Honda D
GM D
ToyotaD
Honda D
GM D
ToyotaD
Toyota D
Honda D
Honda D
VW D
Honda D
ToyotaD
ToyotaD
Honda D
VW D
VW D
ToyotaD
ToyotaD
Honda D
INSIGHT D
INSIGHT D
MR2 D
MR2 D
MX-5 MIATA D
MX-5 MIATA D
ELISE-EXIGE D
MX-5 MIATA D
Z4 ROADSTER D
TT ROADSTER QUATTROD
CROSSFIRE COUPE D
Z4 ROADSTER D
MINI COOPER D
MINI COOPER CONVERTIBLE
MINI COOPER D
MINI COOPER CONVERTIBLE
MINI COOPER S D
NEW BEETLE CONVERTIBLE
NEW BEETLE CONVERTIBLE
DECLIPSE SPYDER D
NEW BEETLE CONVERTIBLE
NEW BEETLE CONVERTIBLE
TT COUPE QUATTROD
TT COUPE D
NEW BEETLE D
NEW BEETLE D
SCION XA D
SCION XA D
CELICA D
RSX D
COBALT D
CELICA D
RSX D
COBALT D
CELICA D
CELICA D
CIVIC HYBRID D
CIVIC HYBRID D
JETTA D
CIVIC D
ECHO D
ECHO D
CIVIC D
JETTA D
GOLF D
ECHO D
COROLLA D
CIVIC D
Inertia
Weight Drive
Engine
HP CID
Trans
Lab
55/45
MPG
D
D
D
D
2000
2250
2500
2500
2750
2750
2250
2750
3000
4000
3500
3000
2750
D3000
2750
D3000
3000
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3000
3000
3500
2750
2750
2750
3000
3000
2750
3000
3000
2750
3000
3000
3000
3000
2750
2250
2500
2750
3500
3500
2500
2750
2750
Front
Front
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
4wd
Rear
Rear
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
4wd
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
73
65
138
138
142
142
190
142
225
250
168
225
114
114
114
114
168
150
115
147
150
115
250
180
100
100
108
108
140
160
140
140
160
140
180
180
85
85
100
117
108
108
117
100
100
108
130
115
61
61
110
110
110
110
110
110
182
195
196
182
98
98
98
98
98
109
121
143
109
121
195
109
116
116
91
91
110
122
134
110
122
134
110
110
82
82
116
102
91
91
102
116
116
91
110
102
M5
CVT
M6
M5
M5
M6
M6
L4
M6
L6
L5
L6
M5
M5
CVT
CVT
M6
M5
M5
M5
L6
L6
L6
L6
M5
L6
L4
M5
L4
M5
M5
M5
L5
L4
M6
L4
M5
CVT
M5
M5
M5
M5
CVT
L5
L5
L4
M5
M5
74
66
33
33
29
29
29
28
27
27
27
27
36
35
34
33
32
31
31
30
29
29
28
27
48
45
40
39
37
35
34
34
33
33
32
32
56
56
48
46
45
44
43
42
42
41
41
40
.3
.4
.7
.6
.7
.4
.2
.6
.8
.7
.6
.4
.6
.7
.2
.5
.2
.4
.0
.3
.3
.0
.2
.8
.2
.0
.1
.9
.2
.1
.9
.3
.3
.1
.3
.1
.6
.3
.2
. 1
.3
.8
.5
.4
.4
.9
.8
.1
R-3D
-------
Appendix R
Table R-3 (continued)
MY2005 Best in Car Size Class Role Models
Size Class Rank Manufacturer Model Name
Midsize D
Large D
Small
Wagon D
Midsize
Wagon D
Large
Wagon
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
Toyota
Honda
VW
Mercedes
Hyundai
Honda
GM
GM
Toyota
Kia
Kia
Hyundai
GM
GM
Ford
GM
DC
GM
GM
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
DC
VW
VW
Toyota
GM
Toyota
Toyota
GM
Toyota
GM
Toyota
GM
Toyota
VW
Ford
Ford
Subaru
Subaru
VW
Subaru
Subaru
VW
VW
Volvo
Volvo
DC
DC
DC
PRIUS D
ACCORD HYBRID
PASSAT D
E320 GDI D
ELANTRA D
ACCORD D
CLASSIC D
MALIBU D
CAMRY D
KIA SPECTRA D
KIA SPECTRA D
ELANTRA D
MALIBU MAXX D
IMPALA D
FIVE HUNDRED D
IMPALA D
300C-SRT-8 D
LE SABRE D
IMPALA D
TAURUS D
FIVE HUNDRED D
TAURUS D
TAURUS D
300C-SRT-8 D
JETTA D
JETTA D
SCION XB D
VIBE D
COROLLA MATRIX
SCION XB D
VIBE D
COROLLA MATRIX
VIBE D
COROLLA MATRIX
VIBE D
COROLLA MATRIX
PASSAT D
FOCUS D
FOCUS D
LEGACY D
LEGACY D
PASSAT D
OUTBACK D
OUTBACK D
PASSAT D
PASSAT D
V70 FWD D
V70 FWD D
PACIFICA 2WD D
PACIFICA 2WD D
PACIFICA AWD D
D
D
D
D
D
Inertia
Weight Drive
Engine
HP CID
Trans
Lab
55/45
MPG
3000
3500
3500
4000
3000
3500
3000
3500
3500
3000
3000
3000
3500
3500
4000
3500
4000
4000
3500
3500
4000
3500
3500
4000
3500
3500
2750
3000
3000
2750
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
4000
3000
3000
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
4000
3500
4000
4500
4500
5000
Front
Front
Front
Rear
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Rear
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Rear
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
4wd
4wd
Front
Front
Front
Front
4wd
4wd
Front
4wd
4wd
Front
4wd
Front
Front
Front
Front
4wd
76
232
134
201
138
160
140
140
151
138
132
138
200
180
203
200
200
205
200
200
203
155
155
253
100
100
108
130
130
108
130
130
170
123
123
170
134
136
130
165
168
170
168
168
170
170
168
208
215
249
249
91
183
121
197
121
144
134
134
144
121
121
121
213
204
182
231
165
231
231
182
182
182
182
215
116
116
91
110
110
91
110
110
110
110
110
110
121
121
121
150
150
109
150
150
109
109
149
154
231
215
215
CVT
L5
L5
L5
M5
M5
L4
L4
L5
M5
L4
L4
L4
L4
L6
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
CVT
L4
L4
L4
M5
L5
L4
M5
M5
M5
L4
L4
M6
L4
L4
M6
L5
M5
L4
M5
L4
M5
M5
L4
L5
M5
M5
L5
L4
L4
L4
65,
37,
36,
35,
34,
34,
33,
32,
32,
32,
32,
32,
30,
29,
28,
27,
27,
27,
26,
26,
26,
26,
26,
25,
47,
42,
38,
38,
38,
37,
36,
36,
32,
32,
32,
32,
36,
33,
33,
29,
29,
29,
29,
29,
28,
28,
28,
28,
23,
22,
21,
.8
.5
.1
.5
.7
. 1
. 1
.9
.5
.4
.4
.1
.3
. 1
.0
.5
.5
.1
.7
.5
.5
.4
.0
.8
.5
.4
.5
.4
.2
.9
.2
.1
.9
.8
.8
.6
. 1
.9
.0
.6
.6
.5
.4
.0
.8
.8
.6
.1
.6
.4
.8
R-4D
-------
Appendix R
Table R-4
MY2005 Best in Truck Size Class Role Models
Size
Class
Rank Manufacturer Model Name
Inertia Engine Lab
Weight Drive HP CID Trans 55/45
MPG
Midsize
Van
Large
Van D
Small
SUV D
Midsize
SUV
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Ford
Honda
DC
DC
Nissan
Toyota
GM
Honda
Ford
DC
Nissan
Mazda
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
Ford
Ford
GM
GM
GM
Ford
Ford
Toyota
Toyota
Subaru
Subaru
Toyota
Toyota
Subaru
Subaru
DC
Suzuki
Suzuki
Suzuki
Ford
Ford
Ford
GM
Honda
GM
Kia
Hyundai
Toyota
Mitsubishi
Honda
Kia
FREESTYLE D
ODYSSEY D
CARAVAN D
CARAVAN D
QUEST D
SIENNA D
VENTURE D
ODYSSEY D
FREESTYLE D
TOWN & COUNTRY D
QUEST D
MPV D
G1500-2500 CHEVY VAN D
G1500-2500 CHEVY VAN D
G1500-2500 CHEVY VAN D
HIS 00 CHEVY VAN D
G1500-2500 CHEVY VAN D
E150 ECONOLINE D
E150 CLUB WAGON D
H1500-2500 CHEVY VAN D
G15-25CHEV VAN D
G1500-2500 CHEVY EXPRESS
E150 ECONOLINE D
E150 CLUB WAGON D
RAV4 D
RAV4 D
FORESTER D
FORESTER D
RAV4 D
RAV4 D
FORESTER D
FORESTER D
WRANGLER-TJ D
GRAND VITARA D
GRAND VITARA D
GRAND VITARA D
ESCAPE HEV D
ESCAPE HEV D
ESCAPE D
VUE D
CR-V D
VUE D
S PORTAGE D
TUCSON D
HIGHLANDER D
OUT LANDER D
CR-V D
S PORTAGE D
4000
4500
4000
4000
4500
4500
4000
4500
4500
4500
4500
4000
5000
5000
5500
6000
5500
5000
5500
5500
6000
6000
5000
6000
3000
3000
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
4000
4000
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
4000
3500
3500
3500
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
4wd
Front
Front
Front
Rear
Rear
Rear
4wd
Rear
Rear
Rear
4wd
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Front
Front
4wd
4wd
4wd
4wd
4wd
4wd
4wd
Rear
4wd
Rear
Front
4wd
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
4wd
Front
203
255
150
180
240
230
185
255
203
180
240
200
195
295
295
295
200
231
231
295
200
285
255
255
161
161
165
165
161
161
210
210
150
165
165
165
135
135
153
140
160
140
140
140
155
160
160
140
182
212
148
201
213
202
204
212
182
201
213
183
262
325
325
325
262
280
280
325
262
325
330
330
144
144
150
150
144
144
150
150
148
152
152
152
140
140
140
134
144
134
120
121
144
145
144
120
CVT
L5
L4
L4
L4
L5
L4
L5
CVT
L4
L5
L5
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
M5
M5
L4
L4
M5
L4
M5
M6
L4
M5
M5
CVT
CVT
M5
M5
L5
CVT
M5
M5
L4
M5
L5
L4
26,
26,
25,
25,
25,
25,
25,
24,
24,
24,
24,
24,
20,
20,
19,
19,
19,
19,
19,
19,
18,
18,
18,
16,
30,
30,
29,
29,
28,
27,
25,
24,
23,
23,
23,
23,
39,
36,
31,
29,
29,
29,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
.5
.5
.9
.6
.2
. 1
. 1
.9
.5
.4
.3
.0
.8
.5
.9
.5
.5
.5
.0
.0
.5
. 1
.0
.9
.9
.8
.6
.0
.3
.9
.3
.8
.8
.7
.6
.5
.5
.7
.0
.7
.7
.1
.6
.5
.3
.3
.2
.2
R-5D
-------
Appendix R
Table R-4 (continued)
MY2005 Best in Truck Size Class Role Models
Size Rank Manufacturer Model Name
Class
Inertia Engine Lab
Weight Drive HP CID Trans 55/45
MPG
Large
SUV
Small
Pickup
Midsize
Pickup
Large
Pickup
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
Volvo
Suzuki
Nissan
Suzuki
Volvo
Suzuki
Subaru
Subaru
Subaru
Subaru
Toyota
Toyota
Ford
Ford
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
Nissan
Toyota
GM
Toyota
Toyota
GM
Nissan
Toyota
GM
GM
Toyota
Toyota
RENDEZVOi
RENDEZVOl
EQUINOX
EQUINOX
RENDEZVOi
RENDEZVOl
XC 90
GRAND VI1
FX35
GRAND VI1
XC 90
GRAND VI1
BAJA
BAJA
BAJA
BAJA
TUNDRA
TUNDRA
RANGER
RANGER
COLORADO
COLORADO
COLORADO
COLORADO
COLORADO
COLORADO
COLORADO
COLORADO
COLORADO
COLORADO
FRONTIER
TACOMA
COLORADO
TACOMA
TACOMA
COLORADO
FRONTIER
TACOMA
COLORADO
COLORADO
TACOMA
TACOMA
4000
4000
4000
4000
4500
4500
4500
4000
4500
4000
4500
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
3500
3500
3500
4000
3500
4000
3500
4000
4000
4000
3500
4000
4000
3500
4000
3500
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
Front
Front
4wd
Front
4wd
4wd
Front
Rear
Rear
4wd
4wd
Rear
4wd
4wd
4wd
4wd
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
4wd
4wd
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
4wd
Rear
4wd
Rear
Rear
Rear
4wd
185
245
185
185
185
245
208
185
280
185
208
185
165
165
210
210
245
245
140
140
170
170
215
215
215
170
215
170
170
215
151
164
170
164
164
170
151
164
170
215
245
245
204
218
204
204
204
218
154
167
213
167
154
167
150
150
150
150
241
241
140
140
169
169
211
211
211
169
211
169
169
211
152
164
169
164
164
169
152
164
169
211
241
241
L4
L4
L5
L5
L4
L4
L5
L5
L5
L5
L5
M5
L4
M5
M5
L4
L5
M6
M5
L5
M5
M5
M5
M5
L4
M5
M5
L4
L4
L4
M5
L4
M5
M5
L4
M5
L5
M5
L4
L4
L5
L5
25.
24.
24.
24.
24.
23.
23.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
27.
27.
24.
23.
23.
20.
30.
27.
27.
26.
25.
25.
24.
24.
24.
23.
23.
23.
27.
27.
26.
26.
26.
24.
24.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
1
9
5
5
5
8
0
9
7
5
4
3
8
5
6
8
5
8
1
7
2
8
2
2
4
3
2
8
8
5
3
3
8
7
5
3
2
9
8
5
5
3
R-6D
-------
Appendix R
Table R-5
MY2005 Best in Car Weight Class Role Models
Inertia D
Weight Rank Manufacturer Model Name D
2000
Honda
Engine Lab
Size Class Drive HP CID Trans 55/45
MPG
INSIGHT D
Two-Seater
Front 73 61
M5
74.3
2250
2500
2750
3000
3500
D 1
2
3
D 1
2
3
4
D 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
D 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
D 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Honda
Toyota
Lotus
Toyota
Toyota
Hyundai
Toyota
Honda
Honda
Toyota
Toyota
Toyota
Honda
Toyota
Toyota
Honda
Toyota
Toyota
DC
Toyota
Honda
Honda
VW
VW
Honda
GM
Toyota
GM
Toyota
Nissan
BMW
VW
VW
VW
VW
Honda
VW
Honda
GM
Toyota
Honda
Toyota
Toyota
INSIGHT D
ECHO D
ELISE-EXIGE D
ECHO D
ECHO D
ACCENT-BRIO D
MR2 D
CIVIC D
CIVIC D
COROLLA D
SCION XA D
SCION XA D
CIVIC D
COROLLA D
SCION XB D
CIVIC D
SCION XB D
CELICA D
NEON-SRT-4-SX 2.0 D
PRITJS D
CIVIC HYBRID D
CIVIC HYBRID D
JETTA D
NEW BEETLE D
CIVIC D
VIBE D
COROLLA MATRIX D
VIBE D
COROLLA MATRIX D
SENTRA D
MINI COOPER CONVERTIBLE
JETTA
NEW BEETLE
JETTA
JETTA
ACCORD HYBRID
PASSAT
ACCORD
MALIBU
CAMRY
ACCORD
CAMRY
CAMRY SOLARA
Two-Seater
Compact
Two-Seater
Compact
Compact
Compact
Two-Seater
Compact
Compact
Compact
Subcompact
Subcompact
Compact
Compact
Small Wagon
Compact
Small Wagon
Subcompact
Compact
Midsize
Compact
Compact
Compact
Subcompact
Compact
Small Wagon
Small Wagon
Small Wagon
Small Wagon
Compact
Minicompact
Small Wagon
Subcompact
Small Wagon
Compact
Midsize
Midsize
Midsize
Midsize
Midsize
Midsize
Midsize
Compact
Front
Front
Rear
Front
Front
Front
Rear
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
Front
65
108
190
108
108
90
138
117
117
130
108
108
127
130
108
115
108
140
132
76
85
85
100
100
127
130
130
130
130
126
114
100
100
100
100
232
134
160
140
151
160
159
159
61
91
110
91
91
91
110
102
102
110
91
91
102
110
91
102
91
110
122
91
82
82
116
116
102
110
110
110
110
108
98
116
116
116
116
183
121
144
134
144
144
144
144
CVT
M5
M6
M5
L4
M5
M6
M5
CVT
M5
L4
M5
M5
L4
L4
L4
M5
L4
M5
CVT
M5
CVT
M5
M5
L4
M5
M5
L4
L4
L4
M5
M5
L6
L5
L5
L5
L5
M5
L4
L5
L5
M5
M5
66.
45.
29.
44.
41.
36.
33.
46.
43.
41.
40.
39.
39.
39.
38.
38.
37.
37.
37.
65.
56.
56.
48.
48.
39.
38.
38.
36.
36.
35.
35.
47.
45.
42.
42.
37.
36.
34.
32.
32.
32.
32.
32.
4
3
2
8
9
6
7
1
5
8
1
9
7
1
5
3
9
2
1
8
6
3
2
2
4
4
2
2
1
7
7
5
0
4
4
5
1
1
9
5
0
0
0
R-7D
-------
Appendix R
Table R-5 (continued)
MY2005 Best in Car Weight Class Role Models
Inertia D
Weight Rank Manufacturer Model Name D
Engine Lab
Size Class Drive HP CID Trans 55/45
MPG
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
1
2
VW
Mercedes
VW
VW
VW
VW
VW
VW
VW
VW
Saab
Volvo
BMW
BMW
Mercedes
Ford
Mercedes
Toyota
DC
VW
VW
DC
DC
DC
DC
BMW
VW
Mercedes
Mercedes
VW
GM
Phantom
VW
Bentley
GM
Bentley
Mercedes
Mercedes
PASSAT WAGON
E320 GDI
A4
A4 CABRIOLET
A4 AVANT QUATTRO
A4 QUATTRO
A4 AVANT QUATTRO
A4 QUATTRO
PASSAT WAGON 4MOTION
A4 AVANT QUATTRO
9-3 CONVERTIBLE
V70
7451
645CI CONVERTIBLE
E320 4MATIC
GRAND MARQUIS
S430
LS 430
PACIFICA
A8 L
A8
MAGNUM
300 C
MAGNUM
PACIFICA
7601
A8 L
CL65 AMG
S600
PHAETON
LIMOUSINE
PHANTOM
PHAETON
CONTINENTAL GT
ARMORED DEVILLE
ARNAGE
MAY BACH 62
MAY BACH 57
Midsize Wagon
Midsize
Compact
Subcompact
Small Wagon
Compact
Small Wagon
Compact
Midsize Wagon
Small Wagon
Subcompact
Midsize Wagon
Large
Subcompact
Midsize Wagon
Large
Large
Large
Large Wagon
Large
Midsize
Midsize Wagon
Large
Midsize Wagon
Large Wagon
Large
Large
Compact
Large
Large
Large
Midsize
Large
Compact
Large
Midsize
Large
Large
Front
Rear
Front
Front
4wd
4wd
4wd
4wd
4wd
4wd
Front
Front
Rear
Rear
4wd
Rear
Rear
Rear
Front
4wd
4wd
4wd
4wd
Rear
4wd
Rear
4wd
Rear
Rear
4wd
Front
Rear
4wd
4wd
Front
Rear
Rear
Rear
134
201
200
170
200
200
200
200
170
170
210
208
328
328
221
220
275
290
215
335
335
340
340
330
249
429
450
603
493
335
275
453
420
552
275
450
543
543
121
197
121
109
121
121
121
121
109
109
122
154
268
268
195
281
260
262
231
255
255
348
348
348
215
364
366
365
336
255
279
412
366
366
279
412
336
336
L5
L5
CVT
CVT
M6
M6
L6
L6
M5
M6
M5
L5
L6
L6
L5
L4
L7
L6
L4
L6
L6
L5
L5
L5
L4
L6
L6
L5
L5
L6
L4
L6
L5
L6
L4
L4
L5
L5
36.
35.
31.
30.
29.
29.
29.
29.
28.
28.
28.
28.
24.
24.
24.
24.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
21.
20.
19.
17.
17.
21.
20.
17.
16.
15.
19.
13.
16.
16.
1
5
8
1
6
6
0
0
8
7
2
1
4
4
1
0
9
8
6
4
4
1
1
0
8
3
7
1
0
1
1
0
9
7
0
8
2
2
R-8D
-------
Appendix R
Table R-6D
MY2005 Best in Truck Weight Class Role Models
nertia D
"eight Rank Manufacturer CModel Name
Size Class
Drive
Engine
HP CID
Trans .
Lab.
55/45
MPG
3000
3000
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
ToyotaD
Toyota D
Ford
Ford
GM
Honda
Subaru
GM
Subaru
Kia
Hyundai
Toyota
Mitsubishi
Honda
Ford
Ford
Toyota
Subaru
Subaru
Nissan
Kia
Hyundai
Toyota
GM
Toyota
DC
Honda
Nissan
Toyota
Honda
GM
GM
Ford
DC
Nissan
Toyota
Toyota
Toyota
RAV4 D
RAV4 D
ESCAPE D
RANGER D
VUE D
CR-V D
FORESTER D
VUE D
FORESTER D
KIA S PORTAGE D
TUCSON D
RAV4 D
OUT LANDER D
CR-V D
ESCAPE HEV D
ESCAPE HEV D
HIGHLANDER D
BAJA D
BAJA D
FRONTIER D
S PORTAGE D
TUCSON D
HIGHLANDER D
COLORADO D
TACOMA D
LIBERTY-CHEROKEE D
ODYSSEY D
QUEST D
SIENNA D
ODYSSEY D
RENDEZVOUS D
AZTEK D
FREESTYLE D
TOWN & COUNTRY D
QUEST D
HIGHLANDER D
RX 330 D
SIENNA D
Small SUV
Small SUV
Midsize SUV
Midsize Pickup
Midsize SUV
Midsize SUV
Small SUV
Midsize SUV
Small SUV
Midsize SUV
Midsize SUV
Small SUV
Midsize SUV
Midsize SUV
Midsize SUV
Midsize SUV
Midsize SUV
Small Pickup
Small Pickup
Large Pickup
Midsize SUV
Midsize SUV
Midsize SUV
Midsize Pickup
Large Pickup
Midsize SUV
Midsize Van
Midsize Van
Midsize Van
Midsize Van
Large SUV
Midsize SUV
Midsize Van
Midsize Van
Midsize Van
Midsize SUV
Midsize SUV
Midsize Van
Front
Front
Front
Rear
Front
Front
4wd
Front
4wd
Front
Front
4wd
Front
4wd
Front
4wd
Front
4wd
4wd
Rear
4wd
Front
4wd
Rear
Rear
Rear
Front
Front
Front
Front
4wd
4wd
4wd
Front
Front
4wd
4wd
4wd
161
161
153
140
140
160
165
140
165
140
140
161
160
160
135
135
155
165
165
151
140
140
155
170
164
150
255
240
230
255
185
185
203
180
240
230
230
230
144
144
140
140
134
144
150
134
150
120
121
144
145
144
140
140
144
150
150
152
120
121
144
169
164
148
212
213
202
212
204
204
182
201
213
202
202
202
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
L4
M5
M5
M5
M5
L5
M5
CVT
L4
M5
M5
L4
M5
L5
CVT
CVT
L4
L4
M5
M5
M5
M5
L4
M5
M5
M6
L5
L4
L5
L5
L4
L4
CVT
L4
L5
L5
L5
L5
30.
30.
31.
30.
29.
29.
29.
29.
29.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
39.
36.
28.
27.
27.
27.
27.
27.
27.
26.
26.
26.
26.
25.
25.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
23.
9
8
0
1
7
7
6
1
0
6
5
3
3
2
5
7
3
8
5
3
1
1
0
8
7
7
5
2
1
9
5
5
5
4
3
1
0
9
R-9D
-------
Appendix R
Table R-6 (continued)
MY2005 Best in Truck Weight Class Role Models
Inertia
Weight Rank Manufacturer Model Name
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
5500
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
GM
GM
GM
DC
Volvo
Nissan
GM
Kia
BMW
BMW
DC
DC
VW
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
Toyota
Ford
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
GM
Ford
Ford
Land Rover
Ford
Ford
6500
GM
UPLANDER
MONTANA SVX
CIS SILVERADO HYBRID
RAM 1500
XC 90
PATHFINDER
C1500 SILVERADO
SEDONA
X5
X5 4.SIS
DAKOTA
DURANGO
TOUAREG
K15 SILVERADO HYBRID
ENVOY XUV
K1500 TAHOE
CIS00 TAHOE
K1500 SILVERADO
CIS00 TAHOE
G1500-2500 CHEVY VAN
CIS00 SUBURBAN
G1500-2500 CHEVY VAN
SEQUOIA
E150 CLUB WAGON
K1500 TAHOE
H1500 CHEVY EXPRESS
CIS00 YUKON XL
CIS00 AVALANCHE
G15-25 CHEV VAN CONV
K1500 SUBURBAN
K1500 AVALANCHE
EXPEDITION
F150
LR3
EXPEDITION
F150
K2500 HD SILVERADO
Size Class
Midsize Van
Midsize Van
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Pickup
Pickup
SUV
SUV
Pickup
Midsize Van
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
Large
SUV
SUV
Pickup
SUV
SUV
Pickup
SUV
SUV
SUV
Pickup
SUV
Van
SUV
Van
SUV
Van
SUV
Van
SUV
Pickup
Van
SUV
Pickup
SUV
Pickup
SUV
SUV
Pickup
Drive
4wd
4wd
Rear
Rear
4wd
Rear
Rear
Front
4wd
4wd
4wd
Rear
4wd
4wd
Rear
4wd
Rear
4wd
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
Rear
4wd
4wd
Rear
Rear
Rear
4wd
4wd
Rear
Rear
4wd
4wd
4wd
Engine
HP CID Trans .
200 213 L4
200
295
215
208
270
270
195
325
355
215
215
237
295
280
270
270
270
295
295
295
200
282
231
295
295
295
295
200
295
295
300
300
300
300
300
213
325
226
154
241
293
213
268
293
226
226
195
325
325
293
293
293
325
325
325
262
285
280
325
325
325
325
262
325
325
330
330
268
330
330
L4
L4
M6
L5
L5
L4
L5
L6
L6
M6
L4
L6
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L5
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
L6
L4
L4
Lab.
55/45
MPG
22.4
22
22
22
22
21
21
21
21
21
20
20
21
21
20
20
20
20
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
.4
.4
.2
.1
.6
.3
.3
.2
.1
.9
.9
.1
.0
.4
.3
.3
.3
.9
.9
.7
.5
.4
.0
.5
.5
.9
.9
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.3
.3
.3
Large Pickup
4wd
300 364
L4
11.9
R-10D
-------
Appendix R
Table R-7
Characteristics of 1975 TO 2005 Cars
Using Each Year s Size Class Mix
0-60 55/45
Year Time Vol Weight CID HP Lab.
MPG
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
14
14
13
13
13
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
.2
.4
.9
.7
.7
.1
.1
.2
.9
.7
.2
.2
.0
.8
.4
. 1
.8
.5
.6
.4
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
.3
.3
. 1
.0
.8
.8
110
109
109
104
106
106
109
108
108
107
107
107
108
107
107
108
108
108
109
109
109
109
109
110
109
109
109
111
112
4059
4060
3947
3588
3476
3084
3043
3027
3101
3097
3091
3041
3030
3047
3099
3176
3153
3240
3207
3250
3262
3281
3274
3306
3365
3370
3381
3392
3424
3459
3500
289
287
280
252
238
186
178
172
181
179
177
167
162
160
163
163
163
170
166
168
167
165
164
164
166
165
165
166
166
169
171
136
134
134
125
120
101
99
99
104
106
111
111
112
116
121
129
132
141
138
143
152
154
156
159
164
168
169
173
177
183
187
15
17
18
19
20
23
24
25
25
26
26
27
28
28
28
27
28
27
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
.8
.4
.3
.8
.1
.2
.9
.9
.8
.2
.9
.9
.1
.6
.1
.8
.0
.6
.2
.1
.3
.3
.4
.5
.1
.1
.4
.6
.8
.8
.8
Using 1981 Size Class Mix
0-60 55/45
Time Vol Weight CID HP Lab.
MPG
14.1
14.3
14.0
13.8
13.8
14.1
14.1
14.2
13.9
13.6
13.3
13.2
13.0
12.8
12.4
12.1
11.8
11.6
11.6
11.4
10.9
10.8
10.8
10.6
10.5
10.3
10.1
9.8
9.8
9.6
106
105
106
106
106
106
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
108
108
108
108
107
107
108
108
108
108
106
107
106
107
4012
3926
3804
3454
3387
3128
3043
3043
3067
3100
3065
3048
3053
3057
3098
3186
3182
3230
3210
3263
3283
3272
3237
3263
3282
3299
3389
3406
3465
3478
286
274
263
236
226
191
178
175
179
180
175
170
166
162
164
163
166
167
166
169
170
167
162
165
164
164
174
178
175
174
135
130
128
119
115
103
99
100
103
108
110
112
115
118
122
129
134
139
139
145
154
154
156
160
162
168
177
185
187
190
15.
17.
19.
20.
20.
22.
24.
25.
26.
26.
27.
27.
27.
28.
28.
27.
27.
27.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
27.
27.
27.
28.
8
9
0
5
6
9
9
7
0
0
1
7
9
5
1
8
9
8
3
0
2
5
5
5
3
2
6
7
7
1
9.6 108 3481 172 191
28.4
R-11D
-------
Appendix R
Table R-8
Characteristics of 1975 TO 2005 Trucks
Using Each Year s Size Class Mix
0-60 55/45
Year Time Weight CID HP Lab.
MPG
Using 1981 Size Class Mix
0-60 55/45
Time Weight CID HP Lab.
MPG
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
13,
13,
13,
13,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
13,
13,
12,
12,
12,
12,
12,
12,
12,
12,
11,
11,
11,
11,
11,
10,
10,
10,
10,
.6
.8
.3
.3
.2
.4
.4
. 1
.4
.6
.1
.9
.3
.9
.8
.6
.5
.5
. 1
.0
.0
.5
.4
.2
.0
.0
.6
.4
.4
.1
4072
4155
4135
4149
4239
3848
3841
3766
3732
3770
3787
3732
3710
3838
3919
4003
3946
4055
4073
4125
4184
4224
4344
4282
4412
4375
4463
4546
4586
4649
311
319
318
314
297
247
252
243
228
223
223
211
210
227
234
237
228
234
235
239
244
243
248
242
249
242
243
244
243
248
142
141
147
146
138
121
121
122
118
118
124
123
131
141
146
151
150
155
162
166
168
179
187
187
197
197
209
219
221
231
13
14
15
15
14
18
19
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
20
20
21
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
. 7
.4
.6
.2
.7
.4
.7
.0
.6
.3
.5
.4
.6
.2
.9
.7
.3
.8
.0
.8
.5
.8
.6
.9
.5
.8
.6
.6
.9
.9
13
14
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
.8
. 1
.6
.7
.3
.4
.4
. 1
.2
.3
.7
.7
. 1
.7
.6
.4
.4
.6
.2
.0
.0
.4
.2
.9
.8
.7
.7
.5
.5
.4
3879
3919
3931
3939
4073
3939
3841
3872
3925
3934
3941
3951
4009
4071
4110
4147
4143
4209
4187
4255
4290
4315
4353
4364
4486
4277
4383
4541
4543
4606
281
283
287
283
277
258
252
256
255
251
252
247
255
261
264
264
261
260
255
263
264
262
254
257
263
245
247
254
252
253
134
131
138
136
132
124
121
126
127
126
133
133
145
152
156
160
160
159
164
170
171
186
193
198
207
200
205
217
218
225
14,
15,
16,
16,
15,
18,
19,
19,
19,
19,
19,
20,
19,
19,
19,
19,
19,
19,
20,
20,
19,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
.5
.5
.7
.4
.4
. 1
.7
.4
.5
.3
.5
.0
.7
.8
.6
.7
.9
.9
.3
.0
.7
.0
.5
.3
.0
.8
.6
.1
.5
.6
2005 10.0 4688 247 237 21.3
10.0 4660 253 238 21.2
R-12D
-------
Appendix R
Table R-9
Characteristics of 1975 TO 2005 Cars
Using Each Year s Weight Mix
0-60 55/45
Year Time Vol Weight CID HP Lab.
MPG
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
14,
14,
13,
13,
13,
14,
14,
14,
13,
13,
13,
13,
13,
12,
12,
12,
11,
11,
11,
11,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
9,
9,
.2
.4
.9
.7
.7
. 1
. 1
.2
.9
.7
.2
.2
.0
.8
.4
.1
.8
.5
.6
.4
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
.3
.3
.1
.0
.8
.8
110
109
109
104
106
106
109
108
108
107
107
107
108
107
107
108
108
108
109
109
109
109
109
110
109
109
109
111
112
4059
4060
3947
3588
3476
3084
3043
3027
3101
3097
3091
3041
3030
3047
3099
3176
3153
3240
3207
3250
3262
3281
3274
3306
3365
3370
3381
3392
3424
3459
3500
289
287
280
252
238
186
178
172
181
179
177
167
162
160
163
163
163
170
166
168
167
165
164
164
166
165
165
166
166
169
171
136
134
134
125
120
101
99
99
104
106
111
111
112
116
121
129
132
141
138
143
152
154
156
159
164
168
169
173
177
183
187
15,
17,
18,
19,
20,
23,
24,
25,
25,
26,
26,
27,
28,
28,
28,
27,
28,
27,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
.8
.4
.3
.8
.1
.2
.9
.9
.8
.2
.9
.9
.1
.6
.1
.8
.0
.6
.2
.1
.3
.3
.4
.5
.1
.1
.4
.6
.8
.8
.8
Using 1981 Weight Mix
0-60
Time
Vol
Weight
CID
HP
55/45
Lab.
MPG
14.
15.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
13.
13.
13.
13.
12.
12.
12.
12.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
8
0
4
1
1
2
1
2
0
7
3
3
2
9
7
4
0
8
8
9
4
3
4
2
1
8
9
6
2
1
94
100
100
103
106
106
107
106
107
107
107
107
107
104
105
105
106
105
105
106
104
104
102
104
104
102
104
103
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
3043
169
168
171
182
182
180
178
175
175
175
173
171
167
164
160
154
155
154
155
152
150
150
146
145
143
142
140
140
138
139
95
93
98
102
101
99
99
100
102
104
109
110
112
114
116
120
126
129
128
130
138
138
139
141
141
146
144
146
153
155
20.
22.
23.
23.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
26.
27.
28.
28.
28.
28.
29.
29.
29.
29.
29.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
31.
32.
33.
33.
6
5
3
0
7
5
9
7
3
6
4
0
1
8
9
2
2
5
7
9
4
5
5
6
5
9
4
4
2
1
9.7 99 3043 140 165
31.9
R-13D
-------
Appendix R
Table R-10
Characteristics of 1975 TO 2005 Trucks
Using Each Year s Weight Mix
0-60 55/45
Year Time Weight CID HP Lab.
MPG
Using 1981 Weight Mix
0-60 55/45
Time Weight CID HP Lab.
MPG
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
.6
.8
.3
.3
.2
.4
.4
.1
.4
.6
.1
.9
.3
.9
.8
.6
.5
.5
.1
.0
.0
.5
.4
.2
.0
.0
.6
.4
.4
.1
4072
4155
4135
4149
4239
3848
3841
3766
3732
3770
3787
3732
3710
3838
3919
4003
3946
4055
4073
4125
4184
4224
4344
4282
4412
4375
4463
4546
4586
4649
311
319
318
314
297
247
252
243
228
223
223
211
210
227
234
237
228
234
235
239
244
243
248
242
249
242
243
244
243
248
142
141
147
146
138
121
121
122
118
118
124
123
131
141
146
151
150
155
162
166
168
179
187
187
197
197
209
219
221
231
13
14
15
15
14
18
19
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
20
20
21
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
.7
.4
.6
.2
.7
.4
.7
.0
.6
.3
.5
.4
.6
.2
.9
.7
.3
.8
.0
.8
.5
.8
.6
.9
.5
.8
.6
.6
.9
.9
13.
14.
13.
13.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
13.
13.
13.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
9
0
5
5
1
5
4
1
5
6
9
9
3
9
8
8
9
6
5
3
1
7
5
4
3
3
9
3
4
0
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
3841
282
285
287
282
264
250
252
253
243
239
237
229
226
229
227
221
214
214
212
212
212
208
205
205
202
199
198
191
189
194
132
130
135
134
127
121
121
124
121
121
128
127
136
141
142
143
142
145
150
152
153
161
163
166
168
168
175
185
185
192
14.
15.
17.
16.
16.
18.
19.
19.
20.
19.
20.
20.
20.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
22.
22.
21.
22.
22.
22.
23.
23.
23.
24.
24.
24.
6
6
1
6
4
5
7
6
0
8
2
8
9
3
3
5
8
9
1
0
9
5
6
7
1
2
4
0
8
5
2005 10.0 4688 247 237 21.3
10.1 3841 187 192 30.2
R-14D
-------
Appendix R
Table R-12
Effect of 0 to 60 Time Mix, 0 to 60 Time & Size Mix, and
0 to 60 Time & Weight Mix Changes on MY1975 to MY2005 Cars
Vehicle Characteristics > <- Laboratory 55/45 MPG ->
From Using Each Year s
0 to 60 Time Mix
From 1981 s
0 to 60 Time Mix
From Using:
Year 0-60 Vol
Time
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
14.2
14.4
13.9
13.7
13.7
14.1
14.1
14.2
13.9
13.7
13.2
13.2
13.0
12.8
12.4
12.1
11.8
11.5
11.6
11.4
10.9
10.8
10.7
10.6
10.5
10.
10.
10.
10.0
9.8
110
109
109
104
106
106
109
108
108
107
107
107
108
107
107
108
108
108
109
109
109
109
109
110
109
109
109
111
Wt. CID HP
4059 289 136
4060 287 134
3947 280 134
3588 252 125
3476 238 120
3084 186 101
3043 178 99
3027 172 99
3101 181 104
3097 179 106
3091 177 111
3041 167 111
3030 162 112
3047 160 116
3099 163 121
3176 163 129
3153 163 132
3240 170 141
3207 166 138
3250 168 143
3262 167 152
3281 165 154
3274 164 156
3306 164 159
3365 166 164
3370 165 168
3381 165 169
3392 166 173
3424 166 177
3459 169 183
0-60 VOL
Time
Wt. CID HP
14.0 4077 288 135
14.1 4075 287 135
14.1 108 3861 264 127
14.1 108 3519 235 116
14.2 107 3360 216 110
14.1 103 3043 180 100
14.1 106 3043 178 99
14.1 107 3056 175 100
14.2 108 3062 173 100
14.2 107 3025 166 99
14.1 106 2911 152 96
14.1 105 2860 144 94
14.1 106 2878 142 95
14.1 105 2856 135 94
14.1 106 2971 141 98
14.0 105 3063 144 101
14.1 101 2729 115 90
14.1 101 2777 116 92
14.0 103 2815 119 94
14.0 103 2751 114 92
14.1 108 2746 109 91
14.1 107 2773 110 93
14.1 101 2666 105 88
14.2 102 2648 92 87
14.1 100 2674 96 88
14.1 104 2811 102 93
14.1 109 2888 103 96
14.0 120 2978 108 99
14.1 116 3150 113 103
14.0 111 3254 123 108
Each Just
Year s 1981
Actual 0-60
Mix
15
17
18
19
20
23
24
25
25
26
26
27
28
28
28
27
28
27
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
.8
.4
.3
.8
.1
.2
.9
.9
.8
.2
.9
.9
.1
.6
.1
.8
.0
.6
.2
.1
.3
.3
.4
.5
.1
.1
.4
.6
.8
.8
Mix
15
17
18
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
29
29
29
30
30
29
33
32
33
33
34
33
35
36
35
34
33
33
31
30
.8
.4
.8
.4
.0
.5
.9
.7
.3
.1
.1
.8
.7
.9
.1
.6
.2
.6
.0
.8
.9
.7
.2
.2
.1
.4
.3
.3
.6
.0
Both
1981
Size&
0-60
16.
18.
18.
20.
20.
23.
24.
25.
26.
26.
27.
28.
28.
30.
30.
29.
31.
31.
30.
32.
32.
35.
35.
37.
36.
35.
35.
35.
35.
34.
0
0
9
3
8
1
9
8
3
8
6
5
6
1
0
6
6
0
5
4
4
5
6
8
1
9
3
5
4
6
BothD
1981D
Wt &D
0-60D
20.
21.
22.
22.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
28.
28.
29.
29.
29.
29.
30.
30.
31.
33.
34.
34.
35.
35.
35.
35.
37.
37.
36.
2
8
6
9
8
5
9
7
5
1
0
2
0
5
3
5
7
3
5
4
4
5
9
2
3
1
8
2
4
7
2005 9.8 112 3500 171 187 14.0 111 3248 122 107
28.!
29.8 37.1 36.4
R-15D
-------
Appendix R
Table R-13
Effect of 0 to 60 Time Mix, 0 to 60 Time & Size Mix, and
0 to 60 Time & Weight Mix Changes on MY1975 to MY2005 Trucks
Vehicle Characteristics
From Using Each Year s
0 to 60 Time Mix
From 1981 s
0 to 60 Time Mix
Year 0-60 Wt. CID
Time
HP
0-60 Wt. CID HP
Time
-> <- Laboratory 55/45 MPG ->
From Using:
Each Just Both Both
Year s 1981 1981 1981
Actual 0-60 Size& Wt.&
Mix Mix 0-60 0-60
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
13,
13,
13,
13,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
13,
13,
12,
12,
12,
12,
12,
12,
12,
12,
11,
11,
11,
11,
11,
10,
10,
10,
10,
.6
.8
.3
.3
.2
.4
.4
.1
.4
.6
.1
.9
.3
.9
.8
.6
.5
.5
.1
.0
.0
.5
.4
.2
.0
.0
.6
.4
.4
.1
4072
4155
4135
4149
4239
3848
3841
3766
3732
3770
3787
3732
3710
3838
3919
4003
3946
4055
4073
4125
4184
4224
4344
4282
4412
4375
4463
4546
4586
4649
311
319
318
314
297
247
252
243
228
223
223
211
210
227
234
237
228
234
235
239
244
243
248
242
249
242
243
244
243
248
142
141
147
146
138
121
121
122
118
118
124
123
131
141
146
151
150
155
162
166
168
179
187
187
197
197
209
219
221
231
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
.3
.4
.4
.4
.3
.4
.4
.4
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.3
.4
.3
.2
.3
.3
.3
.4
.2
.1
.2
.2
4207
4313
4172
4193
4181
3866
3841
3814
3696
3776
3770
3782
3640
3756
3905
3984
3849
4129
4112
4008
4142
4246
3931
3909
4091
4495
3994
4144
4059
4532
301
317
296
294
280
249
252
247
226
228
217
210
192
200
212
213
192
214
208
190
208
213
166
158
164
192
151
161
154
190
134
136
133
134
133
122
121
120
117
120
120
120
116
120
124
127
123
131
131
128
132
136
127
125
130
141
129
136
132
150
13,
14,
15,
15,
14,
18,
19,
20,
20,
20,
20,
21,
21,
21,
20,
20,
21,
20,
21,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
20,
.7
.4
.6
.2
.7
.4
.7
.0
.6
.3
.5
.4
.6
.2
.9
.7
.3
.8
.0
.8
.5
.8
.6
.9
.5
.8
.6
.6
.9
.9
13,
14,
16,
15,
15,
18,
19,
19,
20,
20,
20,
21,
22,
21,
21,
21,
22,
21,
21,
22,
21,
21,
23,
24,
23,
21,
22,
21,
23,
21,
.1
.0
.2
.8
.2
.3
.7
.5
.6
.3
.8
.3
.1
.9
.1
.3
.3
. 1
.5
.6
.8
.1
.3
.1
.3
.4
.8
.9
.0
.2
12.
14.
16.
16.
15.
18.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
20.
20.
19.
21.
25.
24.
21.
22.
27.
23.
23.
22.
8
1
4
3
7
2
7
2
1
4
6
8
1
4
0
5
8
6
2
4
9
3
3
2
8
4
6
4
6
9
13.0
14.6
17.0
17.0
15.9
18.4
19.7
19.1
19.4
19.4
19.6
21.1
20.7
21.0
21.2
22.0
21.8
22.6
23.0
23.3
23.4
24.2
24.5
25.3
25.1
25.2
24.8
25.0
25.9
27.0
2005 10.0 4688 247 237
14.2 4585 189 152
21.3
20.9 25.0 28.5
R-16D
-------
Appendix R
Table R-14
Characteristics of 1975 TO 2005 Cars
Using Each Year s Size Class Mix
0-60 55/45
Year Time Vol Weight CID HP Lab.
MPG
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
14
14
13
13
13
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
.2
.4
.9
.7
.7
.1
. 1
.2
.9
.7
.2
.2
.0
.8
.4
.1
.8
.5
.6
.4
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
.3
.3
. 1
.0
.8
.8
110
109
109
104
106
106
109
108
108
107
107
107
108
107
107
108
108
108
109
109
109
109
109
110
109
109
109
111
112
4059
4060
3947
3588
3476
3084
3043
3027
3101
3097
3091
3041
3030
3047
3099
3176
3153
3240
3207
3250
3262
3281
3274
3306
3365
3370
3381
3392
3424
3459
3500
289
287
280
252
238
186
178
172
181
179
177
167
162
160
163
163
163
170
166
168
167
165
164
164
166
165
165
166
166
169
171
136
134
134
125
120
101
99
99
104
106
111
111
112
116
121
129
132
141
138
143
152
154
156
159
164
168
169
173
177
183
187
15,
17,
18,
19,
20,
23,
24,
25,
25,
26,
26,
27,
28,
28,
28,
27,
28,
27,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
.8
.4
.3
.8
.1
.2
.9
.9
.8
.2
.9
.9
.1
.6
.1
.8
.0
.6
.2
.1
.3
.3
.4
.5
.1
.1
.4
.6
.8
.8
.8
Using 1987 Size Class Mix
0-60 55/45
Time Vol Weight CID HP Lab.
MPG
14.1
14.5
14.1
13.9
13.8
14.0
14.0
14.2
14.0
13.8
13.3
13.2
13.0
12.8
12.5
12.1
11.9
11.6
11.6
11.5
10.9
10.8
10.8
10.6
10.6
10.5
10.3
10.1
10.0
9.8
108
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
108
108
108
108
107
107
107
107
107
107
106
106
106
107
4065
4030
3949
3540
3504
3198
3029
3011
3045
3055
3033
3024
3030
3050
3074
3161
3164
3212
3179
3225
3227
3229
3191
3211
3260
3252
3300
3315
3367
3393
294
286
278
243
240
198
174
167
173
173
169
165
162
160
160
161
162
166
164
165
164
162
159
160
161
158
163
165
165
166
137
132
132
121
119
106
100
98
102
104
109
110
112
116
120
128
132
139
137
142
151
152
152
156
159
161
167
173
176
180
15.
17.
18.
20.
19.
22.
24.
26.
26.
26.
27.
28.
28.
28.
28.
27.
27.
27.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
7
5
3
0
8
2
9
1
2
6
4
0
1
5
3
9
9
7
4
2
6
7
8
8
6
7
6
7
7
9
9.8 108 3405 165 182
29.2
R-17D
-------
Appendix R
Table R-15
Characteristics of 1975 TO 2005 Trucks
Using Each Year s Size Class Mix
0-60 55/45
Year Time Weight CID HP Lab.
MPG
Using 1987 Size Class Mix
0-60 55/45
Time Weight CID HP Lab.
MPG
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
.6
.8
.3
.3
.2
.4
.4
.1
.4
.6
.1
.9
.3
.9
.8
.6
.5
.5
.1
.0
.0
.5
.4
.2
.0
.0
.6
.4
.4
.1
4072
4155
4135
4149
4239
3848
3841
3766
3732
3770
3787
3732
3710
3838
3919
4003
3946
4055
4073
4125
4184
4224
4344
4282
4412
4375
4463
4546
4586
4649
311
319
318
314
297
247
252
243
228
223
223
211
210
227
234
237
228
234
235
239
244
243
248
242
249
242
243
244
243
248
142
141
147
146
138
121
121
122
118
118
124
123
131
141
146
151
150
155
162
166
168
179
187
187
197
197
209
219
221
231
13
14
15
15
14
18
19
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
20
20
21
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
.7
.4
.6
.2
.7
.4
.7
.0
.6
.3
.5
.4
.6
.2
.9
.7
.3
.8
.0
.8
.5
.8
.6
.9
.5
.8
.6
.6
.9
.9
15.
15.
14.
14.
15.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
13.
13.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
0
3
7
6
0
9
8
3
6
7
2
0
3
0
9
7
7
6
2
1
1
8
7
4
3
3
0
8
9
5
3727
3755
3761
3766
3871
3761
3719
3729
3732
3698
3673
3677
3710
3754
3811
3849
3853
3901
3882
3952
3955
3984
3946
3935
4016
3942
3993
4109
4079
4189
242
245
251
251
247
232
227
233
224
212
208
203
210
215
220
219
218
220
219
222
222
218
218
218
222
213
213
221
214
225
118
116
121
122
119
115
114
120
117
115
119
121
131
137
140
144
144
148
152
157
157
165
169
173
178
176
184
195
191
205
15.
16.
18.
17.
16.
18.
20.
20.
20.
20.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
22.
22.
22.
21.
22.
22.
21.
22.
22.
5
5
1
6
4
7
0
0
6
9
3
8
6
7
5
4
7
5
8
6
7
1
0
1
6
1
1
6
3
0
2005 10.0 4688 247 237 21.3
10.4 4150 215 206 22.9
R-18D
-------
Appendix R
Table R-16
Characteristics of 1975 TO 2005 Cars
Using Each Year s Weight Mix
0-60 55/45
Year Time Vol Weight CID HP Lab.
MPG
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
14
14
13
13
13
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
.2
.4
.9
.7
.7
.1
. 1
.2
.9
.7
.2
.2
.0
.8
.4
.1
.8
.5
.6
.4
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
.3
.3
. 1
.0
.8
.8
110
109
109
104
106
106
109
108
108
107
107
107
108
107
107
108
108
108
109
109
109
109
109
110
109
109
109
111
112
4059
4060
3947
3588
3476
3084
3043
3027
3101
3097
3091
3041
3030
3047
3099
3176
3153
3240
3207
3250
3262
3281
3274
3306
3365
3370
3381
3392
3424
3459
3500
289
287
280
252
238
186
178
172
181
179
177
167
162
160
163
163
163
170
166
168
167
165
164
164
166
165
165
166
166
169
171
136
134
134
125
120
101
99
99
104
106
111
111
112
116
121
129
132
141
138
143
152
154
156
159
164
168
169
173
177
183
187
15,
17,
18,
19,
20,
23,
24,
25,
25,
26,
26,
27,
28,
28,
28,
27,
28,
27,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
28,
.8
.4
.3
.8
.1
.2
.9
.9
.8
.2
.9
.9
.1
.6
.1
.8
.0
.6
.2
.1
.3
.3
.4
.5
.1
.1
.4
.6
.8
.8
.8
Using 1987 Weight Mix
0-60
Time
Vol Weight
CID
HP
55/45
Lab.
MPG
14.6
14.9
14.3
14.0
14.0
14.1
14.1
14.1
13.9
13.7
13.2
13.2
13.0
12.8
12.6
12.3
12.0
11.8
11.8
11.8
11.3
11.2
11.2
11.1
11.1
10.9
11.0
10.7
10.5
10.3
92
99
98
102
106
105
107
105
107
107
107
107
107
104
104
104
105
104
105
105
104
104
103
104
104
104
104
102
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
3030
163
163
165
177
177
177
174
171
171
170
168
166
162
159
155
149
150
149
150
147
145
144
142
141
139
138
136
137
134
135
96
93
98
102
101
99
99
100
102
104
109
110
112
115
116
120
124
127
127
127
136
137
137
138
138
141
140
143
147
150
20.
22.
23.
23.
22.
23.
25.
25.
26.
26.
27.
27.
28.
28.
28.
29.
29.
29.
29.
29.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
31.
31.
32.
33.
33.
6
6
3
0
7
7
0
9
5
8
3
9
1
7
8
1
1
4
7
9
5
6
6
8
7
0
5
1
1
0
10.3 103 3030 133 152
32.
R-19D
-------
Appendix R
Table R-17
Characteristics of 1975 TO 2005 Trucks
Using Each Year s Weight Mix
0-60 55/45
Year Time Weight CID HP Lab.
MPG
Using 1987 Weight Mix
0-60 55/45
Time Weight CID HP Lab.
MPG
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
.6
.8
.3
.3
.2
.4
.4
.1
.4
.6
.1
.9
.3
.9
.8
.6
.5
.5
.1
.0
.0
.5
.4
.2
.0
.0
.6
.4
.4
.1
4072
4155
4135
4149
4239
3848
3841
3766
3732
3770
3787
3732
3710
3838
3919
4003
3946
4055
4073
4125
4184
4224
4344
4282
4412
4375
4463
4546
4586
4649
311
319
318
314
297
247
252
243
228
223
223
211
210
227
234
237
228
234
235
239
244
243
248
242
249
242
243
244
243
248
142
141
147
146
138
121
121
122
118
118
124
123
131
141
146
151
150
155
162
166
168
179
187
187
197
197
209
219
221
231
13
14
15
15
14
18
19
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
20
20
21
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
.7
.4
.6
.2
.7
.4
.7
.0
.6
.3
.5
.4
.6
.2
.9
.7
.3
.8
.0
.8
.5
.8
.6
.9
.5
.8
.6
.6
.9
.9
14.
14.
13.
13.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
13.
13.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
10.
10.
10.
10.
1
2
7
8
5
8
5
3
6
7
2
9
3
9
8
6
7
5
3
2
0
7
7
6
4
3
9
5
6
1
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
3710
271
276
281
266
252
232
240
234
219
214
213
207
210
215
216
211
209
206
205
202
201
197
191
190
187
186
183
180
179
184
128
125
131
128
119
115
116
118
116
115
120
122
131
136
138
141
140
142
146
147
149
155
154
157
160
161
169
176
174
184
15.
16.
17.
17.
16.
18.
20.
20.
20.
20.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
24.
24.
25.
25.
2
1
6
6
7
5
2
3
9
7
0
6
6
8
9
2
4
5
7
8
7
3
5
7
8
8
0
6
2
0
2005 10.0 4688 247 237 21.3
10.2 3710 178 182 28.3
R-20D
-------
Appendix R
Table R-18
Effect of 0 to 60 Time Mix, 0 to 60 Time & Size Mix, and
0 to 60 Time & Weight Mix Changes on MY1975 to MY2005 Cars
Vehicle Characteristics
From Using Each Year s
0 to 60 Time Mix
From 1987 s
0 to 60 Time Mix
> <-Laboratory 55/45 MPG->
From Using:
Year 0-60 Vol
Time
Wt. CID HP
4059 289 136
4060 287 134
3947 280 134
3588 252 125
3476 238 120
3084 186 101
3043 178 99
3027 172 99
3101 181 104
3097 179 106
3091 177 111
3041 167 111
3030 162 112
3047 160 116
3099 163 121
3176 163 129
3153 163 132
3240 170 141
3207 166 138
3250 168 143
3262 167 152
3281 165 154
3274 164 156
3306 164 159
3365 166 164
3370 165 168
3381 165 169
3392 166 173
3424 166 177
3459 169 183
2005 9.8 112 3500 171 187 13.0 104 3184 120 118
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
14,
14,
13,
13,
13,
14,
14,
14,
13,
13,
13,
13,
13,
12,
12,
12,
11,
11,
11,
11,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
10,
9,
.2
.4
.9
.7
.7
.1
.1
.2
.9
.7
.2
.2
.0
.8
.4
.1
.8
.5
.6
.4
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
.3
.3
.1
.0
.8
110
109
109
104
106
106
109
108
108
107
107
107
108
107
107
108
108
108
109
109
109
109
109
110
109
109
109
111
0-60
Time
13.0
13.1
13.1
13.1
13.1
13.1
13.1
13.1
13.1
13.1
13.1
13.1
13.0
13.1
13.1
13.0
13.1
13.1
13.1
13.0
13.1
13.0
13.1
13.1
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.1
13.1
VOL
Wt.
CID
HP
Each Just
Year s 1987
Actual 0-60
Mix
110
109
109
104
98
101
105
104
107
106
107
107
107
105
104
104
105
105
106
106
104
103
101
105
106
109
105
105
4182
4172
3997
3661
3578
3217
3043
3116
3173
3090
3090
3035
3030
3004
3046
3097
2960
2969
2987
2960
2895
2964
2917
2815
2861
2971
2990
2972
3098
3203
315
315
299
271
261
214
182
187
196
183
178
168
162
155
154
152
139
137
139
133
124
124
125
110
114
119
116
112
115
121
154
153
146
135
131
117
111
114
116
113
114
112
112
111
112
115
110
110
111
110
107
110
109
105
108
111
111
111
114
118
15
17
18
19
20
23
24
25
25
26
26
27
28
28
28
27
28
27
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
.8
.4
.3
.8
.1
.2
.9
.9
.8
.2
.9
.9
.1
.6
.1
.8
.0
.6
.2
.1
.3
.3
.4
.5
.1
.1
.4
.6
.8
.8
Mix
15,
16,
17,
19,
19,
21,
23,
24,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
28,
28,
30,
30,
30,
31,
33,
31,
32,
33,
32,
32,
32,
33,
32,
31,
.0
.6
.6
.2
.4
.8
.9
.2
.5
.6
. 7
.8
.1
.1
.9
.9
.3
.6
.9
.3
.0
.8
.4
.9
.8
.5
.6
.0
.1
.3
Both
1987
Size&
0-60
15.
16.
17.
18.
18.
21.
23.
24.
25.
26.
26.
27.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
29.
29.
29.
29.
31.
31.
31.
31.
31.
31.
31.
32.
32.
0
5
2
8
6
6
7
5
0
0
9
8
1
9
4
5
8
2
6
9
8
6
6
4
0
4
1
8
1
9
BothD
1987D
Wt &D
0-60D
18.
20.
21.
21.
21.
22.
23.
25.
25.
26.
27.
27.
28.
28.
28.
29.
29.
29.
30.
30.
31.
31.
31.
31.
31.
31.
32.
33.
33.
34.
2
3
5
9
7
7
9
1
7
0
2
9
1
8
9
1
3
7
0
9
6
5
6
7
5
7
0
2
5
4
28.!
31.3 34.7 34.2
R-21D
-------
Appendix R
Table R-19
Effect of 0 to 60 Time Mix, 0 to 60 Time & Size Mix, and
0 to 60 Time & Weight Mix Changes on MY1975 to MY2005 Trucks
Vehicle Characteristics
From Using Each Year s
0 to 60 Time Mix
From 1987 s
0 to 60 Time Mix
Year 0-60 Wt. CID
Time
HP
0-60 Wt. CID HP
Time
-> <- Laboratory 55/45 MPG ->
From Using:
Each Just Both Both
Year s 1987 1987 1987
Actual 0-60 Size& Wt.&
Mix Mix 0-60 0-60
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
.6
.8
.3
.3
.2
.4
.4
.1
.4
.6
.1
.9
.3
.9
.8
.6
.5
.5
.1
.0
.0
.5
.4
.2
.0
.0
.6
.4
.4
.1
4072
4155
4135
4149
4239
3848
3841
3766
3732
3770
3787
3732
3710
3838
3919
4003
3946
4055
4073
4125
4184
4224
4344
4282
4412
4375
4463
4546
4586
4649
311
319
318
314
297
247
252
243
228
223
223
211
210
227
234
237
228
234
235
239
244
243
248
242
249
242
243
244
243
248
142
141
147
146
138
121
121
122
118
118
124
123
131
141
146
151
150
155
162
166
168
179
187
187
197
197
209
219
221
231
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
.3
.3
.3
.4
.3
.4
.4
.4
.3
.4
.4
.4
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
.2
.1
.1
.2
4162
4165
4163
4140
4185
3970
3753
3791
3792
3922
3870
3685
3710
3822
3963
3999
3866
4080
4070
4043
4163
4234
4034
4055
4242
4458
4114
4199
4252
4503
320
325
320
313
306
281
264
261
252
253
244
212
210
220
231
229
212
226
219
210
223
219
188
184
192
203
171
175
178
194
146
146
147
145
147
138
130
133
134
139
137
128
131
136
140
142
138
144
144
144
148
151
145
145
152
157
149
153
155
163
13
14
15
15
14
18
19
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
20
20
21
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
.7
.4
.6
.2
. 7
.4
. 7
.0
.6
.3
.5
.4
.6
.2
.9
.7
.3
.8
.0
.8
.5
.8
.6
.9
.5
.8
.6
.6
.9
.9
13
14
15
15
14
17
18
19
20
18
19
21
21
21
20
20
21
20
21
21
21
21
22
22
22
21
22
21
22
21
.0
.0
.5
.3
.6
.0
.9
.7
. 1
.4
.5
.4
.6
.3
.7
.9
.8
.9
.4
.9
.1
.2
.5
.9
.1
.3
.3
.9
.3
.6
11
13
14
14
13
17
19
19
20
18
20
22
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
22
23
23
22
23
24
22
23
23
.8
.0
.8
.6
.8
.1
.1
.7
. 1
.9
.9
.0
.6
.6
.0
. 1
.3
.0
.6
.7
.3
.7
.3
.0
.4
.0
.8
.9
.4
.5
12.4
14.9
16.5
16.5
14.9
17.5
19.0
19.8
20.2
19.2
20.5
20.9
21.6
21.7
21.8
22.0
22.1
22.6
23.2
23.1
23.2
23.9
23.8
23.9
24.0
24.4
24.6
24.5
25.5
26.0
2005 10.0 4688 247 237
13.2 4461 187 162
21.3
22.1 24.2 27.3
R-22D
------- |