United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of
Underground Storage Tanks
Washington, D.C. 20460
EPA/530/UST-88/008
July 1990
vvEPA
Musts for USTs
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Musts for USTs
A Summary of the
Regulations for Underground
Storage Tank Systems
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Underground Storage Tanks
July 1990
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, WaBhington, D.C. 20402
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
What Are These Regulations About?.
What Do New Petroleum USTs Need?
What About Existing Petroleum USTs? 13
How Do You Correct Problems Caused By Leaks? 19
How Do You Close USTs? 23
What About Reporting And Recordkeeping? 25
For Chemical USTs Only 27
Technical Questions & Answers - 31
Videos, Brochures, and Handbooks on USTs 37
Industry Codes And Standards 40
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PAGE1
WHAT ARE THESE REGULATIONS ABOUT?
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has written regulations for many of the nation's
underground storage tank systems. This booklet briefly describes the technical requirements for these
systems, which include tanks and piping. You can find the complete regulations in the Federal Reg-
ister (September 23, 1988). Properly managed, underground storage tank systems - often called
USTs — will not threaten our health or our environment.
Why Has EPA Written These
Regulations?
Several million underground storage tank sys-
tems in the United States contain petroleum or
hazardous chemicals. Tens of thousands of
these USTs, including their piping, are cur-
rently leaking. Many more are expected to leak
in the future. Leaking USTs can cause fires or
explosions that threaten human safety. In addi-
tion, leaking USTs can contaminate nearby
ground water. Because many of us depend on
ground water for the water we drink, Federal
legislation seeks to safeguard our nation's
ground-water resources.
Congress responded in 1984 to the problem of
leaking USTs by adding Subtitle I to the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Subtitle I requires EPA to develop
regulations to protect human health and the
environment from leaking USTs.
What Are The Goals Of The
UST Regulations?
EPA has developed the UST regulations to
make sure the following goals are reached:
•* To prevent leaks and spills.
4 To find leaks and spills.
* To correct the problems created by
leaks and spills.
4 To make sure that owners and opera-
tors of USTs can pay for correcting
the problems created if their USTs
leak.
+ To make sure each State has a regu-
latory program for USTs that is as
strict as or stricter than the Federal
regulations.
50%
OF THE U.S.
POPULATION USES
GROUND WATER AS A
SOURCE OF DRINKING
WATER
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PAGE 2
WHY WORRY ABOUT LEAKS AND SPILLS?
Because your tank or its piping may leak. As
many as 25 percent of all underground storage
tanks (USTs) may now be leaking. Many more
will leak in the near future, possibly including
yours. Your tank or its piping might be leaking
right now. If a tank system is past its prime
(over 10 years
old), especially if
it's not protected
against corrosion,
the potential for
leaking increases
dramatically.
Newer tank
systems
(especially the
piping) can also
leak, and spills can
happen anytime.
Don't let your
profits drain away.
Because it's in your best interest.
Leaking UST sites can be very costly to
clean up. Imagine how much money
you'd lose if your tank could not be used
for weeks during lengthy cleanups or if
local residents sued you for property
damages. The
costs can run into
the thousands,
/perhaps as much
as $100,000 and
more. Detect and
clean up spills or
leaks -- before
they hurt you
financially.
• Because it's the law. But it's the law for good
reason. Much of our country depends on
ground water for drinking water, and leaked or
spilled petroleum can contaminate this vital
resource. Explosions are another potential
hazard. Many State and local governments,
therefore, already require specific steps to
prevent, detect, or clean up leaks and spills.
Others will soon have similar requirements.
Check with your local and State governments
to learn what requirements apply to you.
Because it's for the good of the
community and the environment. Leaks
and spills can have serious consequences.
Petroleum can contaminate soil, drinking
water supplies, and air. Petroleum and its
resulting vapors can also accumulate in
nearby confined spaces, such as septic
tanks, sewers, and the basements of
homes. These vapors are poisonous and
can cause a fire or explosion.
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PAGES
How Will These Regulations
Affect You?
The regulations describe the steps you - the
tank owner or operator ~ need to take to help
protect our health and environment. These
steps will also help you avoid the high cost of
cleaning up the environment and defending
yourself in legal actions that can result if your
tank or its piping leaks.
You should note the following major points of
the UST regulations:
* If you install an UST after December
1988, it must meet the requirements
for new USTs concerning correct instal-
lation, spill and overfill prevention,
corrosion protection, and leak
detection (see pages 7-11).
> If you have an UST that was installed
before December 1988, it must meet
two major requirements ~
1) Requirements for corrosion protec-
tion and spill and overfill preven-
tion (see page 13).
2) Leak detection requirements (see
pages 14-15).
4 You must take corrective action in re-
sponse to leaks (see pages 19-20).
* You must follow closure requirements
for tanks you temporarily or perma-
nently close (see pages 23-24).
4 You are financially responsible for the
cost of cleaning up a leak and compen-
sating other people for bodily injury
and property damage caused by your
leaking UST.
Although these points are discussed in the fol-
lowing sections, additional information appears
in the "Technical Questions & Answers" sec-
tion starting on page 31.
What's Your "Financial
Responsibility" For Petroleum
Leaks?
A complete explanation of your financial re-
sponsibility requirements appears in the Fed-
eral Register (October 26, 1988) and in an
EPA brochure, "Dollars and Sense."
In general, owners or operators of petroleum
USTs must be able to demonstrate their ability
to pay for damage that could be caused if their
tanks leaked. These payments would need to
cover the costs of cleaning up a site (see page
20) and compensating other people for bodily
injury and property damage.
Who Is "The Regulatory
Authority"?
This booklet describes EPA's basic require-
ments for USTs, but your State or local regula-
tory authority may have requirements that are
somewhat different or more strict You will
need to identify your regulatory authority and
its specific requirements for your USTs. If you
are not sure who your regulatory authority is,
call your local fire marshall for help.
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PAGE 4
What's An "UST"?
An UST is any tank, including underground
piping connected to the tank, that has at least
10 percent of its volume underground. The
regulations apply only to USTs storing either
petroleum or certain hazardous chemicals.
The "For Chemical USTs Only" section starting
on page 27 identifies hazardous chemicals and
special requirements for chemical USTs. Gen-
erally, the requirements for both petroleum and
chemical USTs are very similar.
Some kinds of tanks are not covered by these
regulations:
• Farm and residential tanks holding
1,100 gallons or less of motor fuel used
for noncommercial purposes.
• Tanks storing heating oil used on the
premises where it is stored.
+ Tanks on or above the floor of under-
ground areas, such as basements or
tunnels.
• Septic tanks and systems for collecting
storm water and wastewater.
* Flow-through process tanks.
4 Tanks holding 110 gallons or less.
+ Emergency spill and overfill tanks.
Other storage areas that might be considered
"tanks" are also excluded, such as surface im-
poundments and pits. Some "tanks," such as
field-constructed tanks, have been deferred
from most of the regulations. The regulations
published in the Federal Register fully iden-
tify various tank types and which requirements
apply to them.
Excluded
by Congress
Excluded
by EPA
Petroleum
Chemical
Deferred
UST Program Scope
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WHY DO USTs CAUSE PROBLEMS?
PAGES
No Corrosion Protection
Most of the UST systems
already in the ground have tanks
and piping made of bare steel.
When unprotected steel is buried
in the ground, it can be eaten
away by corrosion. The UST
regulations require corrosion
protection for all USTs. The
"Technical Questions &
Answers" section explains how
corrosion works and ways to de-
feat it (see pages 31 and 32).
Spills and Overfills
In addition to leaks from tanks and
piping, spills and overfills cause
many UST releases. When more
petroleum is delivered into the tank
than it can hold, an overfill happens.
When the delivery truck's hose is
disconnected incorrectly, a spill
results. The "Technical Questions
& Answers" section identifies ways
to combat spills and overfills (see
page 33).
Installation Mistakes
Tanks and piping also leak if they
are not put in the ground properly.
For example, if poorly selected or
compacted backfill material is used
when covering the UST, or if pipe
fittings are inadequately attached to
the UST, then leaking can result.
You can avoid mistakes made
during installation by using an
installer who carefully follows
approved installation procedures.
The "Technical Questions &
Answers" section identifies ap-
proved installation procedures (see
page 33).
Piping Failures
EPA studies show that most leaks
result from piping failure. Piping is
smaller and less sturdy than tanks.
It is assembled in the field with nu-
merous connections and usually in-
stalled near the ground's surface.
As a result, piping suffers much
more than tanks from the effects of
installation mistakes, excessive
surface loads, the stress of
underground movement, and corro-
sion. Using a skilled installer is
even more critical to the proper
installation of piping. It is impor-
tant to remember that the regula-
tions apply to the entire UST system
- both tanks and piping.
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PAGE?
WHAT DO NEW PETROLEUM USTs NEED?
You must meet four requirements when you in-
stall a new UST system:
4 You must certify that the tank and pip-
ing are installed properly according to
industry codes.
* You must equip the UST with devices
that prevent spills and overfills. Also,
you must follow correct tank
filling practices.
4 You must protect the tank and piping
from corrosion.
• You must equip both the tank and pip-
ing with leak detection.
The following sections provide basic informa-
tion on these requirements. Also, see the
"Technical Questions & Answers" section start-
ing on page 31 for more information.
El
Properly
Installed
M
Spill And
Overfill
Protection
Protected
From
Corrosion
^Equipped
With
Leak
Detection
REMEMBER...
New UST systems are those that are installed
after December
Those USTs installed between May 1985 and
December: 1988 must meet two minimum re*
quirements;
* TJifr UST must prevent releases due la
corrosion or structural failure.
+ the stored contents must be compat-
ible with the tank's interior wall.
After Dumber I9S8, these older USTs must
meet the requirement* for existing USTs (see
pages 13-l
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PAGES
Installing UST Systems The Right
Way
First, install USTs correctly by using qualified
installers who follow industry codes. Faulty
installation is a significant cause of UST fail-
ures, particularly piping failures. (See pages
33, 37 and 40 for information on correct instal-
lation practices and industry codes.) You must
also make sure that the contents you store are
compatible with the UST system.
Second, you will also need to certify on a noti-
fication form (see page 25) that you have used
a qualified installer who can assure you that
your UST has been installed correctly.
Preventing Spills And Overfills
Because human error causes most spills and
overfills, these mistakes can be avoided by fol-
lowing the correct tank filling practices re-
quired by the UST regulations. If you and your
distributor follow these practices, nearly all
spills and overfills can be prevented from hap-
pening. Also, the UST regulations require the
use of mechanical devices, such as spill catch-
ment basins and overfill alarms, to prevent
these releases from harming the environment.
(Correct tank filling practices and preventive
devices are identified on page 33.)
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PAGE 9
Protecting Tanks And Piping From
Corrosion
Tanks and piping must be protected or they will
be eaten away by corrosion:
• Steel tanks and piping can be coated
with a corrosion-resistant coating and
"cathodically" protected. (Cathodic
protection uses either sacrificial anodes
or impressed current, methods described
on page 31.)
Tanks and piping can be protected by
other methods approved by the regula-
tory authority.
Tanks and piping can be made totally of
a noncorrodible material, such as fiber-
glass-reinforced plastic. (Metal piping
connected to noncorrodible tanks still
requires corrosion protection.)
Steel tanks (but not piping) can be pro-
tected using a method in which a thick
layer of noncorrodible material is
bonded to the tank.
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PAGE 10
Detecting Leaks From Tanks
You must check your tanks at least once a
month to see if they are leaking.
You must use one (or a combination) of the
following monthly monitoring methods:
• Automatic tank gauging.
+ Monitoring for vapors in the soil.
• Interstitial monitoring.
• Monitoring for liquids on the
ground water.
• Other approved methods.
Information on these leak detection methods
appears in the 'Technical Questions & An-
swers" section on pages 34-35. (Special re-
quirements for USTs containing hazardous
chemicals are described in the "For Chemical
USTs Only" section on pages 27-30. These
USTs must use secondary containment and
interstitial monitoring.)
For Young Tanks...
An Alternate Leak Detection Method
You have one additional leak detection choice,
but only for 10 years after you install your
UST. Instead of using one of the monthly
monitoring methods noted above, you can
check for leaks by combining monthly inven-
tory control with tank tightness testing every 5
years. After 10 years, you must use one of the
monthly monitoring methods listed above.
For Small Tanks...
An Alternate Leak Detection Method
Some small tanks may be able to use manual
tank gauging as a leak detection method, ei-
ther by itself or in combination with tank tight-
ness testing. The several requirements of man-
ual tank gauging are described on page 35.
Leak Detection Alternatives
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PAGE 11
Detecting Leaks From Piping
Because most leaks come from piping, your
piping must have leak detection.
If your piping is pressurized, you must meet
the following requirements:
• The piping must have devices to auto-
matically shut off or restrict flow or
have an alarm that indicates a leak.
• You must either conduct an annual
tightness test of the piping or use one of
the following monthly methods noted
above for tanks: vapor monitoring,
ground-water monitoring, interstitial
monitoring, or other approved monthly
methods.
If your UST has suction piping, your leak de-
tection requirements will depend on which type
of suction piping you have:
4 The most commonly used suction piping
requires either monthly monitoring
(using one of the four monthly methods
noted above for use on pressurized pip-
ing) or tightness testing of the piping
every 3 years.
• Another kind of suction piping is safer
and does not require leak detection.
This safer method has two main charac-
teristics:
-- Below-grade piping is sloped so that
the piping's contents will drain back
into the storage tank if the suction is
released.
-- Only one check valve is included in
each suction line and is located di-
rectly below the suction pump.
Vent Pipes
Tank Truck
Delivery Hose
Line Leak
Detectors
Product Dispensers
Product Delivery Line
A Typical Tank Facility
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PAGE 13
WHAT ABOUT EXISTING PETROLEUM USTs?
Existing UST systems are those installed be-
fore December 1988. In addition to immedi-
ately starting tank filling procedures that will
prevent spills and overfills, you will need to
meet the following requirements for corrosion
protection, spill and overfill prevention, and
leak detection. (The chart on pages 16-17 dis-
plays these requirements and when you must
meet them.)
Deadline For Corrosion Protection
And For Devices To Prevent Spills
And Overfills
By December 1998 (10 years after the UST
regulations become effective), USTs that were
installed before December 1988 must have:
4 Corrosion protection for steel tanks
and piping (see page 9).
• Devices that prevent spills and
overfills (see page 8).
Although the regulatory deadline is in 1998,
you should make these improvements as soon
as possible to reduce the chance that you will
be liable for damages caused by releases from
substandard USTs.
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PAGE 14
Deadlines And Choices For Leak
Detection
Deadlines...
Leak detection requirements are being phased
in for existing USTs depending on their age:
If the tank was
installed...
It must have leak
detection by
December of...
before 1965 or unknown........— 1$>89
1965-1969 . ,..„. 1990
1970-1974 .—. , 1991
1975-1979 ,. 1992
1980-Dec.l988 ....* „„...,....,.. 1993
This schedule will make sure that the older
USTs, which are more likely to leak, have leak
detection first
Choices For Existing Tanks...
You have three basic choices for making sure
your tanks are checked at least monthly to see
if they are leaking:
You can use any of the monthly
monitoring methods listed for new tanks
on page 10. Also, very small tanks may
be able to use manual tank gauging, as
described on page 35.
If your UST has corrosion protection or
internal tank lining and devices that
prevent spills and overfills, you can
combine monthly inventory control
with tank tightness testing every 5
years. This choice, however, can only
be used for 10 years after adding
corrosion protection or internally lining
the tank (or until December 1998,
whichever date is later). After 10 years,
you must use one of the monthly
monitoring methods on page 10.
• If your UST does not have corrosion
protection or internal tank lining and
devices that prevent spills and overfills,
you can combine monthly inventory
control with annual tank tightness
testing. Please note, however, that this
method is allowed only until December
1998. After that, your UST -- now
equipped with corrosion protection or an
internal tank lining, and devices that
prevent spills and overfills — must use
one of the first two leak detection choices
noted above.
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Some Choices May Be Better...
Choices For Existing Piping...
You have a leak detection advantage if your
UST has been "upgraded" with corrosion pro-
tection and devices to prevent spills and over-
fills. For 10 years after "upgrading," you can
use a leak detection method that will be less
costly and easier to apply than most other leak
detection methods. This method requires you
to conduct monthly inventory control and to
have tank tightness tests performed every 5
years (see page 14). By contrast, USTs that
have not been "upgraded" must have tank
tightness tests every year.
You have two basic choices of leak detection
for piping depending on the type of piping you
use:
4 By December 1990, existing
pressurized piping must meet the leak
detection requirements for new
pressurized piping (see page 11).
* Existing suction piping must meet the
requirements for new suction piping
(see page 11) at the same time the tank
meets the leak detection schedule
given above.
REMEMBER...
Ho matter which leak detection methods you
use for tanks and piping, they must be work-
ing by the deadlines described above. If not,
you must close your UST or replace it with a
new UST.
The chart on pages 16-17 displays all
these leak detection requirements and
the ones for corrosion protection and
spill and overfill prevention.
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PAGE 16
WHAT DO YOU HAVE TO DO? Minimum Requirements
You must have Leak Detection, Corrosion Protection, and Spill/Overfill Prevention.
For WHEN you have to add these to your tank system, see the chart on the right. r»-
££AK DETECTION : * ,\ .\ , '% , 'w'O ^'"'., -jfj &
NEW TANKS
2 Choices
EXISTING TANKS
3 Choices
The chart at the bottom of
the next page displays
these choices.
NEW & EXISTING
PRESSURIZED PIPING
Choice of one from each set
NEW & EXISTING
SUCTION PIPING
3 Choices
• Monthly Monitoring*
• Monthly Inventory Control and Tank Tightness Testing Every 5 Years
(You can only use this choice for 10 years after installation.)**
• Monthly Monitoring*
• Monthly Inventory Control and Annual Tank Tightness Testing
(This choice can only be used until December 1998.)
• Monthly Inventory Control and Tank Tightness Testing Every 5 Years
(This choice can only be used for 10 years after adding corrosion protection and
spill/overfill prevention or until December 1998, whichever date is later.)**
• Automatic Flow Restrictor • Annual Line Testing
• Automatic Shutoff Device -and- • Monthly Monitoring*
• Continuous Alarm System
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PAGE 17
WHEN DO YOU HAVE TO ACT? Important Deadlines
For WHAT you have to do, see the chart on the left.
•5$&*i 0f*f- -',,- »*]
I^Hfl'J^pNOl'T^I
New Tanks and Piping*
Existing Tanks**
Installed:
Before 1 965 or unknown
1965-1969
1970-1974
1975-1979
1980 - December 1988
Existing Piping**
Pressurized
Suction
I JJSAK- * * %
; pETiSTIQN */;
At installation
By No Later Than:
December 1989
December 1990
December 1991
December 1992
December 1993
December 1990
Same as existing
tanks
# CORROStQlCf ;
^f»OTiCTIOtf-ri
At installation
i
t
• December 1998
December 1 998
December 1998
•fj-j^iit • ' f Jf%\ £s£Xv'iE(i • •
' S "UfjT^llM'lM f ^^f YiEFUl llmM> f
At installation
V
• December 1 998
7
Does not apply
Does not apply
* New tanks and piping are those installed after December 1988
** Existing tanks and piping are those installed before December 1988
IF YOU CHOOSE TANK TIGHTNESS TESTING AT EXISTING USTs ...
If you don't use monthly monitoring at existing USTs, you must use a combination of periodic tank
tightness tests and monthly inventory control. This combined method can only be used for a few
years, as the chart below displays.
Was the UST "upgraded",
which means does it have
corrosion protection and
spill/overfill prevention
devices?
NO
Do monthly inventory
control and a tank tightness
test every year until 1998;
then "upgrade". For
"upgraded" USTs, use the
box on the right.
YES
Was it "upgraded"
before
December 1988?
NO
Do monthly inventory
control and a tank tightness
test every 5 years for 10
years after "upgrading";
then do monthly monitoring.
YES
Do monthly inventory
control and a tank tightness
test every 5 years until
1998; then do monthly
monitoring.
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PAGE 19
HOW DO YOU CORRECT PROBLEMS
CAUSED BY LEAKS?
What Do You Do When You Suspect
Your Petroleum UST Is Leaking?
Various warning signals indicate that your UST
may be leaking and creating problems for the
environment and your business. You can avoid
most of these problems by paying careful atten-
tion to these warning signals and by taking the
appropriate actions.
Warnings From Equipment
You should suspect a leak when you discover
the following warning signals from equipment:
• Unusual operating conditions (such as
erratic behavior of the dispensing
pump).
• Results from leak detection monitoring
and testing that indicate a leak.
You need to confirm quickly whether these sus-
pected leaks are real. What at first appears to be
a leak may be the result of faulty equipment that
is part of your UST system or its leak detection.
Double check this equipment carefully for fail-
ures. You may simply need to repair or replace
equipment that is not working.
If repair or replacement of faulty equipment
does not solve the problem, then you must report
this finding to the regulatory authority and con-
duct tightness tests of the entire UST system. If
these tests indicate a leak, you need to report to
the regulatory authority and follow the actions
for a confirmed leak (see page 20).
Warnings In The Environment
You should also suspect a leak if evidence of
leaked petroleum appears at or near your site.
For example, neighbors might tell you they
have smelled petroleum vapors in their base-
ments or tasted petroleum in their drinking
water. You might even discover evidence of
environmental damage as you investigate the
suspected equipment failures discussed above.
Whenever evidence of environmental damage
is discovered, you must take the following ac-
tions:
* Report this discovery immediately to
the regulatory authority.
* Conduct tightness tests of the entire
UST system.
4 Investigate the UST site for additional
information on the extent and nature of
the environmental damage.
The results of these system tests and site checks
will help answer the crucial question: "Is my
UST leaking?" If the answer is yes, then you
will need to follow the actions for responding
to confirmed leaks (see page 20).
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PAGE 20
What Do You Do When Your
Petroleum UST Leaks?
Your response to confirmed leaks and spills
(including overfills) comes in two stages:
short-term and long-term.
Short-Term Actions
4 Take immediate action to stop and
contain the leak or spill.
Tell the regulatory authority within 24
hours that there is a leak or spill. How-
ever, petroleum spills and overfills of
less than 25 gallons do not have to be
reported if you immediately contain and
clean up these releases.
Make sure the leak or spill poses no im-
mediate hazard to human health and
safety by removing explosive vapors
and fire hazards. Your fire department
should be able to help or advise you
with this task. You must also make sure
you handle contaminated soil properly
so that it poses no hazard (for example,
from vapors or direct contact).
• Find out how far the petroleum has
moved and begin to recover the leaked
petroleum (such as product floating on
the water table).
• Report your progress and any informa-
tion you have collected to the regulatory
authority no later than 20 days after you
have confirmed a leak or spill.
4 Investigate to determine if the leak has
damaged or might damage the environ-
ment. You must report to the regulatory
authority what you have learned from a
full investigation of your site within 45
days of confirming a leak or spill. At
the same time, you must also submit a
report explaining how you plan to re-
move the leaked petroleum, if you have
found contaminated ground water. Ad-
ditional site studies may be required if
necessary.
These actions are fully explained in the UST
regulations and in a brochure (see page 38).
Some leaks and spills will require additional,
long-term attention to correct the problem.
Long-Term Actions
Based on the information you have provided,
the regulatory authority will decide if you must
take further action at your site. You may need
to take two more actions:
• Develop and submit a Corrective Action
Plan that shows how you will meet
requirements established for your site
by the regulatory authority.
4 Make sure you meet the requirements
approved by the regulatory authority for
your site.
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PAGE 21
Can Leaking Tanks Be Repaired?
You can repair a leaking tank if the person who
does the repair carefully follows standard in-
dustry codes that establish the correct way to
conduct repairs. (See page 40 for repair
codes.)
Within 30 days of the repair, you must prove
that the tank repair has worked by doing one of
the following:
• Having the tank inspected internally or
tightness tested following standard
industry codes.
• Using one of the monthly leak detection
monitoring methods (except for the
method combining inventory control
and tank tightness testing).
4 Using other methods approved by the
regulatory authority.
Can Leaking Piping Be Repaired?
Damaged metal piping cannot be repaired
and must be replaced. Loose fittings can sim-
ply be tightened, however, if that solves the
problem.
Within 6 months of repair, USTs with cathodic
protection must be tested to show that the
cathodic protection is working properly.
You must keep records for each repair as long
as you keep the UST in service.
Piping made of fiberglass-reinforced plastic,
however, can be repaired, but only in accor-
dance with the manufacturer's instructions or
national codes of practice. Within 30 days of
the repair, piping must be tested in the same
ways noted above for testing tank repairs (ex-
cept for internal inspection).
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PAGE 23
HOW DO YOU CLOSE USTs?
You can close your UST permanently or tem-
porarily.
Three Exceptions To Permanent
Closure
Closing Permanently
If your tank is not protected from corrosion and
it remains closed for more than 12 months or
you decide to close it permanently, you must
follow requirements for permanent closure:
* You must notify the regulatory authority
30 days before you close your UST.
4 You must determine if leaks from your
tank have damaged the surrounding
environment. If there is damage, then
you will have to take the corrective ac-
tions described on page 20.
4 You can either remove the UST from
the ground or leave it in the ground. In
both cases, the tank must be emptied
and cleaned by removing all liquids,
dangerous vapor levels, and accumu-
lated sludge. These potentially very
hazardous actions need to be carried out
carefully by following standard safety
practices. (See pages 37 and 40 for
sources of information on good closure
practices.) If you leave the UST in the
ground, you must also fill it with a
harmless, chemically inactive solid, like
sand. The regulatory authority will help
you decide how best to close your UST
so that it meets all local requirements
for closure.
The requirements for permanent closure may
not apply to your UST if it meets one of the
following conditions:
4 If your UST meets the requirements for
a new or upgraded UST, then it can re-
main "temporarily" closed indefinitely
as long as it meets the requirements
below for a temporarily closed UST.
4 The regulatory authority can grant an
extension beyond the 12-month limit on
temporary closure for USTs unprotected
from corrosion.
4 You can change the contents of your
UST to an unregulated substance, such
as water. Before you make this change,
you must notify the regulatory author-
ity, clean and empty the UST, and deter-
mine if any damage to the environment
was caused while the UST held regu-
lated substances. If there is damage,
then you must take the corrective ac-
tions described on page 20.
-------
PAGE 24
Closing Temporarily
Tanks not used for 3 to 12 months must follow
requirements for temporary closure:
If your UST has corrosion protection
and leak detection, you must continue to
operate these protective systems. If a
leak is found, you will have to respond
just as you would for a leak from an
active UST, as described on page 20.
(If your UST is empty, however, you do
not need to maintain leak detection.)
You must cap all lines, except the vent-
line, attached to your UST.
-------
PAGE 25
WHAT ABOUT REPORTING AND
RECORDKEEPING?
What Do You Need To Report?
In general, you will only need to report to the
regulatory authority at the beginning and end of
your UST system's operating life:
When you install an UST, you have to
fill out a notification form available
from your State. This form provides
information about your UST, including
a certification of correct installation.
(You should have already used this
form to identify your existing USTs. If
you haven't done that yet, be sure you
do so now.)
You must report suspected releases to
the regulatory authority (see page 19).
• You must report confirmed releases to
your regulatory authority. You must
also report follow-up actions you plan or
have taken to correct the damage caused
by your UST (see page 20).
* You must notify the regulatory authority
30 days before you permanently close
your UST (see page 23).
You need to check with your regulatory author-
ity about the particular reporting requirements
in your area, including any additional or more
stringent requirements than those noted above.
REPORTING
INSTALLATION
SUSPECTED
RELEASE
CORRECTIVE
ACTION
CLOSURE
-------
PAGE 26
What Records Must You Keep?
You will have to keep records that can be pro-
vided to an inspector during an on-site visit that
prove your facility meets certain requirements.
These records must be kept long enough to
show your facility's recent compliance status in
four major areas:
You should check with your regulatory author-
ity about the particular recordkeeping require-
ments in your area. Generally, you should
follow this useful rule of thumb for recordkeep-
ing: When in doubt, keep it.
You will have to keep records of leak
detection performance and upkeep:
— The last year's monitoring results,
and the most recent tightness
test.
— Copies of performance claims
provided by leak detection
manufacturers.
— Records of recent maintenance,
repair, and calibration of leak
detection equipment installed
on-site.
PETAtLED
RKOROS
You will have to keep records showing
that the last two inspections of your
corrosion protection system were
carried out by properly trained
professionals.
You must keep records showing that a
repaired or upgraded UST system
was properly repaired or upgraded.
For at least 3 years after closing an
UST, you must keep records of the site
assessment results required for
permanent closure. (These results
show what impact your UST has had
on the surrounding area.)
-------
PAGE 27
FOR CHEMICAL USTs ONLY
What Chemicals Are Included In The
UST Regulations?
Several hundred chemicals were designated as
"hazardous" in Section 101(14) of the Com-
prehensive Environmental Response, Compen-
sation, and Liability Act of 1980, better known
as CERCLA or "Superfund."
The UST regulations apply to the same hazard-
ous chemicals identified by CERCLA, except
for those listed as hazardous wastes. These
hazardous wastes are already regulated under
Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act and are not covered by the UST
regulations. (See 40 CFR Parts 260-270 for the
hazardous waste regulations.)
Information on the CERCLA hazardous chemi-
cals is available from EPA through the RCRA/
CERCLA Hotline at l-(800)-424-9346 or (202)
382-3000.
The following pages describe requirements for
USTs that contain hazardous chemicals ~ more
simply referred to as chemical USTs.
REMEMBER...
New UST systems are those that are installed
after December 1988.
Those USTs installed between May 1985 and
December 1988 must meet iwo minimum re-
quirements: : •';•"
corrosion or structural failure.
The stored contents must be compat-
ible with the tank*s interior
After December 1988, these older USTs must
meet the requirements for existing chemical
USTs (see page 29},
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LIST
(Partial Listing Only)
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylene
Acetaldehyde
Aceuldehyde, chloro-
Aceuldehyde, tricloro-
Chromic sulfate
dioronuum
CHROMIUM AND COMPOUNDS
Chromous chloride
Chrysene
Cobaltous bromide
Cobaltous formate
Cobaltous sulfamate
Copper
r cyanide t
^
Famphur
Feme ammonium citrate
Ferric ammonium oxalate
Ferric chloride
Ferric dextrin
Ferric fluoride
Ferric nitrate
Ferric sulfate
Keithane
Kepone
Lasiocarpine
LEAD AND COMPOUNDS
Lead
Lead acetate
Leadaraenate
Lead chloride
Lead fluoborate
Lead iodide
Zinc nitrite
Zinc phenoculfonate
Zinc phosphide
Zinc silicoflouride
Zinc sulfate
Zirconium nitrate
Zirconium sulfate
Zirconium tetrachloride
CASRN*
83329
208968
75070
107200
75876
10101538
7440473
10049055
218019
7789437
544183
14017415
7440508
54492
^
52857
1185575
2944674
7705080
9004664
7783508
10421484
10028225
^
115322
143500
303344
7439921
301042
7784409
7758954
13814965
10101630
7779886
127882
1314847
16871719
7733020
13746899
14644612
10026116
^Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number
-------
PAGE 28
What Requirements Apply To New
Chemical USTs?
New chemical USTs have to meet the same
requirements described earlier for new petro-
leum USTs concerning correct installation,
corrosion protection, spill and overfill preven-
tion, corrective action, and closure.
However, they must have secondary contain-
ment and interstitial monitoring as described
below.
Secondary Containment
All new chemical USTs must have "secondary
containment." A single-walled tank is the first
or "primary" containment. Using only pri-
mary containment, a leak can escape into the
environment. But by enclosing an UST within
a second wall, leaks can be contained and de-
tected quickly before harming the environment.
There are several ways to construct secondary
containment:
• Placing one tank inside another tank or
one pipe inside another pipe (making
them double-walled systems).
+ Placing the UST system inside a
concrete vault.
• Lining the excavation zone around the
UST system with a liner that cannot be
penetrated by the chemical.
Interstitial Monitoring
The chemical UST must have a leak detection
system that can indicate the presence of a leak
in the confined space between the first and the
second wall. Several devices are available to
monitor this confined "interstitial" space.
("Interstitial" simply means "between the
walls.") The UST regulations describe these
various methods and the requirements for their
proper use.
You can apply for an exception, called a vari-
ance, from the requirement for secondary con-
tainment and interstitial monitoring. Getting a
variance will require a lot of work. You will
have to convince your regulatory authority that
your alternative leak detection method will
work effectively by providing detailed studies
of your site, proposed leak detection method,
and available methods for corrective action.
Also, some States may not allow variances.
-------
PAGE 29
What About Existing Chemical USTs?
Existing UST systems are those installed before
December 1988. In addition to immediately
starting tank filling procedures that prevent
spills and overfills, you will need to meet the
following requirements for existing USTs.
There is a special deadline for pressurized
piping in December 1990. At that time, exist-
ing pressurized piping must meet the require-
ments for new pressurized piping (described on
page 11).
Protection From Corrosion And
Prevention Of Spills And Overfills
By December 1998 (10 years after the UST
regulations become effective), you must im-
prove your USTs installed before December
1988:
• By adding corrosion protection to steel
tanks and piping.
• By using devices that prevent spills and
overfills.
Although the regulatory deadline is in 1998,
you should make these improvements as soon
as you can to reduce the chance that you will
be liable for damages caused by your sub-
standard UST.
Leak Detection
Leak detection requirements are being phased
in for existing USTs depending on their age:
If the tank was
installed...
It must have leak
detection by
December of...
before 1965 or unknown............ 1989
AjFOw™A'"Oj' -****»«*»»»«*K4-*4*t**A*»***+» «-*«+».**», J^fjf V
19704974 .,.,.„ , 1991
1975-1979 1992
1980-Dec,1988 , 1993
Choosing Leak Detection Methods
For Existing Chemical USTs
You can meet the leak detection requirements
in one of the following three ways:
4 After December 1998, your UST must
meet the same requirements for
secondary containment and interstitial
monitoring that apply to new
chemical USTs.
* After December 1988, a variance can be
granted if you meet the same
requirements described above for getting
a variance for a new chemical UST.
• Until December 1998, you can use any of
the leak detection methods, other than
interstitial monitoring, described on page
14 but only if the method you choose can
effectively detect releases of the
hazardous chemical stored in the UST.
(Variances are not required in these
cases before December 1998.)
After December 1998, you must either
use secondary containment and
interstitial monitoring or get a variance.
This schedule will make sure that the older
USTs, which are more likely to leak, have leak
detection first.
NOTE..
JNo matter which leak detection methods you
use for tanks and piping, they must be work-
ing by tfie deadlines described above. If not,
you toast close your UST or replade it with a
new UST. :
-------
PAGE 30
What Do You Do If You Have A
Hazardous Chemical Leak Or Spill?
You must follow the same short-term and long-
term actions described earlier for petroleum
leaks and spills -- except for two modified
short-term actions.
First, you must immediately report hazardous
chemical spills or overfills that meet or exceed
their "reportable quantities" to the National
Response Center at l-(800)-424-8802 or (202)
267-2675.
Second, you must also report hazardous chemi-
cal spills or overfills that meet or exceed their
"reportable quantities" to the regulatory au-
thority within 24 hours. However, if these
spills or overfills are smaller than their "re-
portable quantities" and are immediately con-
tained and cleaned up, they do not need to be
reported.
You can get information on the "reportable
quantities" by calling the RCRA/CERCLA
Hotline l-(800)-424-9346 or (202) 382-3000.
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PAGE 31
TECHNICAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Q. How does "corrosion" cause USTs to
leak? How can USTs be protected from cor-
rosion?
A. Unprotected steel USTs are frequently dam-
aged by corrosion. When this happens, the
metal UST system and its underground sur-
roundings act like a battery. Part of the UST
can become negatively charged and another
part positively charged. Moisture in the soil
provides the connecting link that finally turns
these UST "batteries" on. Then, the negatively
charged part of the UST system ~ where the
current exits from the tank or its piping ~
begins to deteriorate. As electric current passes
through this part, the hard metal begins to turn
into soft ore, holes form, and leaks begin.
Steel tanks and piping can be protected by coat-
ing them with a corrosion-resistant coating and
by using "cathodic" protection. Cathodic
protection reverses the electric current that
causes corrosion and comes in two forms:
* "Sacrificial anodes" can be attached to
the UST. Sacrificial anodes are pieces of
metal more electrically active than the
steel UST. Because these anodes are
more active, the electric current will exit
from them rather than the UST. Thus, the
UST is the "cathode" and is protected
from corrosion while the attached
"anode" is sacrificed.
+ An "impressed current" protection
system introduces an electric current into
the ground through a series of anodes that
are not attached to the UST. Because the
electric current flowing from these anodes
to the tank system is greater than the
corrosive current attempting to flow from
it, the UST is protected from corrosion.
In addition, steel USTs can also be protected
from corrosion if they are bonded to a thick
layer of noncorrodible material, such as
fiberglass-reinforced plastic. Cathodic protec-
tion is not needed with this method of corrosion
protection. Also, the corrosion problem can be
totally avoided by using tanks and piping made
completely of noncorrodible material, such as
fiberglass.
For more information on how corrosion works
and how USTs can be protected from corrosion,
contact the National Association of Corrosion
Engineers or other corrosion professionals. See
page 40 for industry codes on corrosion protec-
tion.
-------
PAGE 32
Q. How can existing USTs (those installed
before December 1988) be "upgraded" to
meet the corrosion protection requirements
by December 1998?
A. When you add corrosion protection to exist-
ing UST systems, you have several choices.
Your first choice is to meet the corrosion pro-
tection requirements for new tanks and piping
(see page 9). Your other choices, described
below, depend on whether you are protecting
the tank or the piping.
Protecting Tanks
You have three choices for "upgrading" your
tank for corrosion protection:
+ The interior of a tank can be lined
according to industry codes (see page 40
for codes). Tanks using only an interior
lining for corrosion protection must pass
an inspection in 10 years and
reinspections every 5 years after that to
ensure that the lining and tank are
structurally sound.
• Tanks using only cathodic protection
must meet the general requirements for
cathodic protection and satisfy one of the
methods below to make sure that the tank
is structurally sound:
— If the tank is less than 10 years old,
you can use one of the monthly leak
detection monitoring methods noted on
page 10.
— If the tank is less than 10 years old,
you can have two tank tightness tests
conducted. The first test must take
place before you install cathodic
protection, and the second test must
take place between 3 and 6 months
later.
— If the tank is 10 years old or more,
it must be internally inspected and
assessed to make sure that the tank is
structurally sound and free of corrosion
holes before a cathodic protection
system is installed.
You can combine tank interior lining with
cathodic protection. If you use this
combined method, you are not required to
have the interior lining periodically
inspected.
Protecting Piping
Unless the existing piping is made of noncor-
rodible material, it must meet the requirements
for cathodic protection of new metal piping,
except that the existing piping does not need to
be coated with a corrosion-resistant coating
(see page 9).
-------
PAGE 33
Q. What are "installation mistakes" and
how can they be avoided?
A. Improper installation is a significant cause
of fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) and steel
UST failures, particularly piping failures.
Proper installation is crucial to ensure the
structural integrity of both the tank and its pip-
ing. Installation includes excavation, tank
system siting, burial depth, tank system assem-
bly, backfilling of the tank system, and surface
grading. Many mistakes can be made during
installation. For example, mishandling of the
tank during installation can cause structural
failure of FRP tanks or damage to steel tank
coatings and cathodic protection. Improper
layout of piping runs, incomplete tightening of
joints, inadequate cover pad construction, and
construction accidents can lead to failure of
delivery piping.
Installation problems result from careless in-
stallation practices that do not follow recog-
nized industry codes and procedures. If owners
and operators make sure that their installers
carefully follow the correct installation proce-
dures called for by industry codes, the number
of installation mistakes will be significantly
reduced. See page 40 for industry codes on in-
stallation. See page 37 for sources of informa-
tion on installation.
Q. What are spills and overfills? How can
they be stopped?
A. Many of the leaks at UST systems are actu-
ally the result of spills and overfills (which are
two separate problems). In fact, these releases
are at least twice as numerous as tank or piping
releases. Spills most often occur at the fill pipe
opening when the delivery truck's hose is dis-
connected, usually releasing only a few gallons.
Repeated releases of even small volumes, how-
ever, can create real environmental problems.
Overfills occur less frequently but usually re-
lease much larger volumes. When a tank is
overfilled, large volumes can be released
through untight fittings on the top of the tank
or the vent pipe. The tightness of these fittings
normally would not be a problem as long as the
tank was not filled beyond its capacity.
There are three keys to solving the problems of
spills and overfills. First, you must make sure
that the volume available in the tank is greater
than the volume of product to be transferred to
the tank before the transfer is made.
Second, you have to make sure that the transfer
operation is watched constantly to prevent
overfilling and spilling. See page 40 for appro-
priate industry codes.
Third, you must use equipment that can pre-
vent or severely limit spills and overfills (see
below for when you have to do this). Spill
prevention devices, such as spill catchment
basins or dry disconnect couplings, are readily
available. Overfill prevention devices auto-
matically shut off flow when the tank is nearly
full. Other overfill devices either restrict flow
or trigger an alarm when the tank is nearly full.
Your new UST system must be equipped with
both spill and overfill prevention devices when
it is installed. Your existing USTs must have
these devices by December 1998. The only
exception to this requirement is if your UST
system is filled only by separate transfers of no
more than 25 gallons. In these cases, you do
not have to follow the spill and overfill equip-
ment requirements.
-------
PAGE 34
Q. What leak detection methods will satisfy
the leak detection requirements for new or
"upgraded" petroleum USTs?
A. You must provide your UST system with a
method, or combination of methods, of leak
detection that allows you to meet the following
three basic requirements:
* You can detect a leak from any portion of
the tank or its piping that routinely
contains petroleum;
• Your leak detection equipment is
installed, calibrated, operated, and
maintained in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions; and
• Your leak detection equipment meets the
performance requirements described in
the Federal regulations, sections 280.43
or 280.44.
EPA is developing materials that fully describe
the various ways you can meet the leak detec-
tion requirements (see page 38). One of these
materials is "Straight Talk on Tanks," a booklet
summarizing leak detection methods for petro-
leum USTs. The descriptions below briefly
identify leak detection methods for tanks and
piping.
Leak Detection for Tanks
Leak detection for tanks can consist of one or a
combination of the following methods:
Automatic Tank Gauging Systems
This method uses automated processes to moni-
tor product level and inventory control.
Monitoring for Vapors in the Soil
This method samples vapors in the soil gas
surrounding the UST. Leaked petroleum pro-
duces vapors that can be detected in the soil
gas. The regulations describe several require-
ments for using this leak detection method. For
example, this method requires using porous
soils in the backfill and locating the monitoring
devices in these porous soils near the UST sys-
tem.
Monitoring for Liquids on the Ground Water
This method monitors the ground water table
near an UST for the presence of released free
product on the water table. Monitoring wells
near the UST are checked frequently to see if
petroleum can be detected. The regulations
allow manual and automatic methods for de-
tecting petroleum in the monitoring wells. The
regulations also describe several requirements
for the use of this method. For example, this
method cannot be used if the water table is
more than 20 feet below the surface of the
ground.
-------
PAGE 35
Interstitial Monitoring
This method detects leaks in the space between
the UST and a second barrier or wall. The
regulations describe several general perform-
ance requirements for the application of inter-
stitial monitoring with double-walled USTs,
USTs fitted with internal liners, and USTs us-
ing partial interception barriers located below
the UST.
Other Methods Approved by the Regulatory
Authority
If other methods can be shown to work as ef-
fectively as the methods described above for
leak detection, then these alternative methods
can be approved by the regulatory authority.
Tank Tightness Testing Combined with
Inventory Control
This method combines manual inventory con-
trol information (measured daily and compiled
monthly) with tank tightness testing every 5
years. Tank tightness testing requires taking
the UST out of service while changes in level
or volume over time are measured. This method
can be used only by new or upgraded USTs
during their first 10 years of operation (or until
1998, whichever is later). After that, one of the
monthly monitoring methods below must be
used.
One Additional Method with Restricted Use
Manual tank gauging can be used as the sole
method of leak detection only for small tanks
up to 1,000 gallons. This method involves
keeping the tank undisturbed for at least 36
hours, during which you measure the tank's
contents each week, twice at the beginning and
twice at the end of the test period. Tanks be-
tween 1,000 and 2,000 gallons can use this
method only in combination with tank tightness
testing. This combined method, however, can
be used only during the first 10 years following
tank installation or upgrade.
Leak Detection for Piping
If you have pressurized piping, you need to do
two things:
• Install an automatic line leak detector,
and
• Either conduct an annual line tightness
test,
Or conduct monthly leak detection
monitoring using one of the following
methods noted above for tanks: vapor
monitoring, ground-water monitoring,
interstitial monitoring, or other approved
monthly methods.
If you have suction piping, you need to do one
of two things:
• Either conduct line tightness tests every 3
years,
Or conduct monthly leak detection
monitoring as described above for
pressurized piping.
You do not need to have leak detection if your
suction piping meets some basic design re-
quirements:
• Below-grade piping is sloped so that the
piping's contents will drain back into the
storage tank if the suction is released.
• Only one check valve is included in each
suction line and is located directly below
the suction pump.
-------
PAGE 37
AUDIOVISUALS, BROCHURES, AND
HANDBOOKS ON USTs
Audiovisual Programs...
Installation
"Doing It Right" - Installation for the crews
who do it
"Recommended Practices on Tank
Installation" — Companion booklet
Order from:
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20005
or
Petroleum Equipment Institute
Box 2380
Tulsa, OK 74101
$16.00 prepaid
Available from both API and PEI
$10.00 prepaid
"A Question of When: Tank Installation for
Inspectors"
"In Your Own Backyard" - Shorter version of
inspector video for tank owners
Order from:
National Fire Protection Association
Attn: Jim Smalley
Batterymarch Park
Quincy, MA 02269
$22.85 each prepaid
Leak Detection
"Straight Talk on Leak Detection'1
Available from:
Environmental Media Center
1050 17th Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20036
$25.00
Closure
"Tank Closure Without Tears: An
Inspector's Safety Guide"
Order from:
New England Interstate Water
Pollution Control Commission
Attn: VIDEOS
85 Merrimac Street
Boston, MA 02114
$20.00 prepaid
Companion booklet
$5.00 prepaid
To borrow:
New England Regional Wastewater Institute
2 Fort Road
South Portland, ME 04106
Video and booklet
$5.00 prepaid
-------
PAGE 38
Closure (cont.)
"What Do We Have Here?: A Guide to Site
Assessment at Closure"
Order from:
New England Interstate Water
Pollution Control Commission
Attn: VIDEOS
85 Merrimac Street
Boston, MA 02114
$40.00 prepaid
Companion booklet
$5.00 prepaid
Tank Program Management
"Managing Underground Storage Tanks
185-Slide Presentation Action Plan
Order from:
National Audiovisual Center
Customer Services Section/WD
8700 Edgeworth Drive
Capitol Heights, MD 20743-3701
(301) 763-1891
$120.00 prepaid
Brochures...
Technical Requirements
"Musts for USTs" -- A Summary of the Regu-
lations for Underground Storage Tank Systems
Stock No. 055-000-00294-1
$2.50
Order from:
Superintendent of Documents
U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, DC 20402
(202) 783-3238
"Normas y Procedimientos para T.S.A." ~
Spanish Language Version of "Musts for USTs"
Free
Order from:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Underground Storage Tanks
P.O. Box 6044
Rockville, MD 20850
Financial Responsibility
"Dollars and Sense" - A Summary of the Fi-
nancial Responsibility Regulations for Under-
ground Storage Tank Systems
Stock No. 055-000-00293-2
$1.25
Order from:
Superintendent of Documents
U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, DC 20402
(202) 783-3238
-------
PAGE 39
Leak Detection
Order from:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Underground Storage Tanks
P.O. Box 6044
Rockville, MD 20850
"Leak Lookout" - Using External Leak De-
tectors to Prevent Petroleum Contamination
from Underground Storage Tanks
Free
"Straight Talk on Tanks" - A Summary of
Leak Detection Methods for Petroleum Under
ground Storage Tank Systems
Free
Order from:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Underground Storage Tanks
P.O. Box 6044
Rockville, MD 20850
Emergency Response
"Oh No!" - Petroleum Leaks and Spills:
What Do You Do?
Free
Handbooks...
Technology
"Cleanup of Releases from Petroleum USTs:
Selected Technologies"
Stock No. 055-000-00272-0
$7.50
"Petroleum Tank Releases Under Control:
A Compendium of Current Practices for
State UST Inspectors"
Stock No. 055-000-00295-9
$8.50
"Processes Affecting Subsurface Transport
of Leaking Underground Tank Fluids"
Stock No. 055-000-00269-0
$3.25
"Survey of Vendors of External Petroleum
Leak Monitoring Devkes for Use with USTs"
Stock No. 055-000-00277-1
$4.25
Order from:
Superintendent of Documents
U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, DC 20402
(202) 783-3238
~E
-------
PAGE 40
INDUSTRY CODES AND STANDARDS*
Installation
Corrosion Protection
API Publication 1615, 1987, "Installation of
Underground Petroleum Storage Systems,"
Recommended Practice, 4th Edition
PEI RP-100-90, 1990, "Recommended Prac-
tices for Installation of Underground Liquid
Storage Systems"
Tank Filling Practices
API Publication 1621, 1977, "Recommended
Practice for Bulk Liquid Stock Control at Re-
tail Outlets," 3rd Edition (A revised edition
is now available.)
NFPA 385, 1985, "Standard for Tank Vehicles
for Flammable and Combustible Liquids"
Closure
API Bulletin 1604, 1987, "Removal and Dis-
posal of Used Underground Petroleum Storage
Tanks," Recommended Practice, 2nd
Edition
Lining
API Publication 1631, 1987, "Interior Lining
of Underground Storage Tanks," Recom-
mended Practice, 2nd Edition
NLPA Standard 631, 1990, "Spill Prevention:
Minimum 10 Year Life Extension of Existing
Steel Underground Storage Tanks by Lining
Without the Addition of Cathodic Protection"
API Publication 1632, 1987, "Cathodic Protec-
tion of Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks
and Piping Systems," Recommended Practice,
2nd Edition
NACE RP-0169-83, 1983, "Recommended
Practice: Control of Corrosion on Underground
or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems"
NACE RP-0285-85, 1985, "Recommended
Practice: Control of External Corrosion on
Metallic Buried, Partially Buried, or Sub-
merged Liquid Storage Systems"
General (Repair, Spill and Overfill,
Installation, Compatibility)
API Publication 1626, 1985, "Storing and Han-
dling Ethanol and Gasoline-Ethanol Blends at
Distribution Terminals and Service Stations,"
1st Edition
API Publication 1627, 1986, "Storage and
Handling of Gasoline-Methanol/Cosolvent
Blends at Distribution Terminals and Service
Stations"
API Recommended Practice 1635, 1987,
"Management of Underground Petroleum Stor-
age Systems at Marketing and Distribution
Facilities," Recommended Practice, 3rd
Edition
NFPA 30, 1987, "Flammable and Combustible
Liquids Code"
NFPA 30A, 1987, "Automotive and Marine
Service Station Code"
*This list includes the most relevant codes and
standards for underground storage tank
systems. Organizations are identified on
page 41.
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PAGE 41
ORGANIZATIONS TO CONTACT FOR TANK INFORMATION
ACT ~ Association for Composite Tanks
1900 Frankfurst Ave.
Baltimore, MD 21226
(301) 235-6000 (for information requests)
API - American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20005
(202) 682-8000
Fiberglass Petroleum Tank and
Pipe Institute
One SeaGate, Suite 1001
Toledo, OH 43604-1560
(419) 247-5412
FAX: (419) 247-5421
NACE ~ National Association of Corrosion
Engineers
Box 218340
Houston, TX 77218
(713) 492-0535
NFPA - National Fire Protection Association
1 Batterymarch Park
P.O. Box 9109
Quincy, MA 02269
(617) 770-3000
NLPA — National Leak Prevention Association
7685 Fields Ertel Rd.
Cincinnati, OH 45241
(513) 489-9844
l-(800)-322-6572
PFJ ~ Petroleum Equipment Institute
Box 2380
Tulsa, OK 74101
(918) 494-9696
Steel Tank Institute
570 Oakwood Rd.
Lake Zurich, IL 60047
(708) 438-TANK [8265]
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