United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
EPA-454/R-00-036a
July 2000
AIR
&EPA
Final Report
Testing of a 2-Stroke Lean Burn
Gas-Fired Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engine to Determine
the Effectiveness of an Oxidation
Catalyst System for Reduction of
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Volume 1 of 2
"«77^T^
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FINAL REPORT
TESTING OF A 2-STROKE LEAN BURN GAS-FIRED
RECIPROCATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE TO DETERMINE THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF AN OXIDATION CATALYST SYSTEM FOR
REDUCTION OF HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS
VOLUME 1 OF 2
Prepared for:
Terry Harrison (MD-19)
Work Assignment Manager
SMTG, EMC, EMAD, OAQPS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
July 2000
Submitted by:
PACIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.
5001 S. Miami Blvd., Suite 300
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2077
(919)941-0333 FAX (919) 941-0234
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5, Library (PL-12J)
77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th Roof
Chicago, IL 60604-3590
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DISCLAIMER
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc. (PES) prepared this document under EPA
Contract No. 68D98004, Work Assignment No. 3-01. PES reviewed this document in
accordance with its internal quality assurance procedures and approved it for distribution.
The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the U.S.
EPA. Mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement by the EPA or PES.
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DISTRIBUTION LIST
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Terry Harrison, Work Assignment Manager, OAQPS, EMC, SCGA
Laura P. Autry, Quality Assurance Manager, OAQPS, EMC
Kathy Weant, Contracting Officer, OAQPS, EMAD
Sims Roy, Lead Engineer, OAQPS, ESD, CG
ENGINES AND ENERGY CONVERSION LABORATORY
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
Dr. Bryan D. Wilson, Director, EECL
PACIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.
John T. Chehaske, Program Manager, Research Triangle Park, NC
Dennis A. Falgout, Project Manager, Herndon, VA
PIPELINE RESEARCH COMMITTEE INTERNATIONAL
Sam L. Clowney, Chairman, Compressor Research Supervisory Committee
GAS RESEARCH INSTITUTE
James M. McCarthy, Program Team Leader, Air Quality
11
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME 1 . Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1
2.0 SUMMARY OF RESULTS 2-1
2.1 EMISSIONS TEST LOG 2-1
2.2 ENGINE PARAMETERS AND EXHAUST FLOW RATES 2-6
2.3 FTIRS AND CEM MEASUREMENTS 2-6
2.4 GCMS MEASUREMENTS 2-7
2.5 POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBON (PAH)
MEASUREMENTS 2-12
2.6 DESTRUCTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS BY THE CATALYST 2-17
3.0 SOURCE DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 3-1
3.1 ENGINE DESCRIPTION 3-1
3.2 ENGINE OPERATION DURING TESTING 3-4
4.0 SAMPLING LOCATIONS 4-1
5.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS METHODS 5-1
5.1 LOCATION OF MEASUREMENT SITES AND SAMPLE/VELOCITY
TRAVERSE POINTS 5-1
5.2 DETERMINATION OF STACK GAS VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE... 5-3
5.3 DETERMINATION OF STACK GAS DRY OXYGEN AND CARBON
DIOXIDE CONTENT 5-4
5.4 DETERMINATION OF STACK GAS MOISTURE CONTENT 5-4
5.5 DETERMINATION OF NITROGEN OXIDES 5-5
5.6 DETERMINATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE 5-5
5.7 DETERMINATION OF METHANE AND NON-METHANE
HYDROCARBONS 5-7
5.8 DETERMINATION OF GASEOUS ORGANIC HAPS
USING FTIRS 5-7
5.9 DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC HAPS BY DIRECT
INTERFACE GCMS 5-8
in
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Concluded)
Page
5.10 DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
BY CARB 429 5-11
6.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES
AND RESULTS
6-1
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
FTIRS QA/QC PROCEDURES 6-1
CEMS QA/QC PROCEDURES 6-5
GCMS QA/QC PROCEDURES 6-14
CARB 429 QA/QC CHECKS 6-19
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS 6-26
DATA QUALITY ASSESSMENT 6-30
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
SUBCONTRACTOR TEST REPORT - COLORADO STATE
UNIVERSITY ENGINES AND ENERGY CONVERSION
LABORATORY, "EMISSIONS TESTING OF CONTROL DEVICES
FOR RECIPROCATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES IN
SUPPORT OF REGULATORY DEVELOPMENT BY THE U.S.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA) PHASE 1:
TWO-STROKE, LEAN BURN, NATURAL GAS FIRED INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINES"
SUBCONTRACTOR TEST REPORT - EMISSION MONITORING,
INC. "RESULTS OF DIRECT INTERFACE GCMS TESTING
CONDUCTED ON A 2-STROKE LEAD BURN ENGINE"
VOLUME 2
APPENDIX C SUBCONTRACTOR TEST REPORT - EASTERN RESEARCH
GROUP, INC. "CARB METHOD 429: SAMPLE ANALYSIS"
APPENDIX D CARB METHOD 429 FIELD DATA
IV
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LIST OF TABLES
VOLUME 1
Page
Table 2.1 Emissions Test Log 2-2
Table 2.2 Summary of Exhaust Gas Flow Rates 2-4
Table 2.3 Emission Rates of Detected FTIRS and CEM Compounds 2-8
Table 2.4 Emission Rates of Detected GCMS Compounds 2-10
Table 2.5 Summary of Stack Gas and Sampling Parameters CARB 429
Catalyst Inlet and Outlet 2-14
Table 2.6 Emission Rates of Detected PAHS at Catalyst Inlet 2-15
Table 2.7 Emission Rates of Detected PAHS at Catalyst Outlet 2-16
Table 2.8 Removal Efficiencies of Detected Organic Compounds 2-18
Table 3.1 Engine and Catalyst Specifications 3-2
Table 3.2 Summary of Nominal Engine Parameters 3-3
Table 3.3 Target Engine Operating Conditions During Testing 3-5
Table 3.4 Summary of Engine Parameters - Cooper Bessemer GMV-4-TF 3-7
Table 3.5 Summary of Engine Parameters During Baseline Runs 3-9
Table 5.1 Summary of Sampling and Analysis Methods 5-2
Table 6.1 Detection Limits of FTIRS and CEMS Compounds 6-7
Table 6.2 Types and Frequencies of CEMS Analyzer Calibrations 6-10
Table 6.3 Summary of Fuel Factor Values 6-13
Table 6.4 Summary of CEMS Analytical Detection Limits 6-14
Table 6.5 Summary of GCMS Continuing Calibrations And Audit Results 6-16
Table 6.6 Detection Limits of GCMS Compounds at Catalyst Inlet 6-17
Table 6.7 Detection Limits of GCMS Compounds at Catalyst Outlet 6-18
Table 6.8 CARB 429 Sample Train - Summary of Temperature Sensor
Calibration Data 6-20
Table 6.9 CARB 429 Sample Train - Summary of Dry Gas Meter and Orifice
Calibration Data 6-21
Table 6.10 Summary of CARB 429 Blank Results 6-24
Table 6.11 Summary of CARB 429 Surrogate Recoveries 6-25
Table 6.12 Detection Limits of PAH Compounds at Catalyst Inlet 6-27
Table 6.13 Detection Limits of PAH Compounds at Catalyst Outlet 6-28
Table 6.14 Summary of Corrective Actions 6-29
Table 6.15 Summary of engine and Method Performance 6-32
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LIST OF FIGURES
VOLUME 1 Page
Figure 1.1 Test Program Organization and Major Lines of Communication 1-3
Figure 4.1 Sample Port Locations for Velocity, CARB 429, FTIRS, CEMS,
and GCMS Sampling 4-3
Figure 4.2 Sample Point Locations for Velocity and CARB 429 Sampling 4-4
Figure 5.1 Schematic Diagram of EECL CEMS/FTIRS Sampling and
Analysis System 5-5
Figure 5.2 Schematic of GCMS Sampling and Analysis System 5-10
Figure 5.3 Schematic Diagram of CARB 429 PAH Sampling Train 5-12
VI
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is investigating
Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines (RICE) to characterize engine emissions and
catalyst control efficiencies of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). This document describes the
results of emissions testing conducted on a Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF natural-gas-fired
2-stroke, lean burn (2SLB) engine. Early in 1998, several industry and EPA representatives
agreed that the Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF engine, at the Colorado State University's
Engine and Energy Conversion Laboratory (CSU) is adequately representative of existing and
new natural-gas-fired 2SLB engines. The group agreed that a matrix of test results from
testing conducted at the EECL could be used to develop Maximum Achievable Control
Technology (MACT) standards for RICE. The group further agreed that an oxidation catalyst
installed on the Cooper GMV-4-TF could be used to determine the effectiveness of oxidation
catalysts for these engines, and that the EPA could use the results from testing at the 2SLB
matrix conditions at CSU as the basis for developing the MACT standard for natural-gas-
fired 2SLB engines.
Emissions testing was conducted to measure pollutant concentrations in the exhaust
gas both up- and downstream of an'oxidation catalyst. Miratech Corporation manufactured
the catalyst and CSU personnel installed it on the engine. Several sampling and analysis
methodologies were used to determine HAP emissions before and after the oxidation catalyst.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, or FTIRS, was used to measure formaldehyde,
acetaldehyde, and acrolein. Benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, (o,m,p)-xylenes, styrene,
hexane, and 1,3-butadiene, were measured using a direct-interface gas chromatograph with a
mass spectrometer detector, or GCMS. Continuous emission monitors (CEMs) were used to
measure oxygen, (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO),
total hydrocarbons (THC), and methane. Naphthalene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs) [acenaphthene, acenapthylene, anthracene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene,
benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(e)pyrene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, chrysene,
dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, fluoranthene, fluorene, indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene, 2-methylnapthalene,
perylene, phenanthrene, and pyrene] were determined using California Air Resources Board
(CARS) Method 429.
PES used three subcontractors for this effort. The CSU EECL provided the facility
and the engine for the test program, operated the engine at predefined conditions, and
recorded engine operational data during the testing. In addition, CSU EECL personnel
operated two FTIRS sampling and analysis systems and two CEM systems that measured
Final Report Cooper Bessemer GMV-4-TF 1-1 July 2000
-------
pollutants and diluents in the exhaust gas. Emissions Monitoring, Inc., (EMI) of Raleigh,
North Carolina provided emissions testing services and two direct-interface GCMS sample
extraction and analysis systems. Eastern Research Group (ERG) of Morrisville, North
Carolina, prepared filter media and XAD-2® sorbent resin traps and analyzed the CARB
Method 429 samples for PAHs using Low Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LRMS). Under a
separate work assignment, ERG personnel operated an EPA-owned dynamic spiking system
for the validation of the FTIRS systems for formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein.
The test program organization and major lines of communication employed during
this project are presented in Figure 1.1. The balance of this report contains the following
Sections:
Section 2.0 Summary of Results
Section 3.0 Source Description and Operation
Section 4.0 Sampling Locations
Section 5.0 Sampling and Analysis Methods
Section 6.0 Quality Assurance/Quality Control Procedures and Results
Copies of raw field data, quality assurance data, subcontractor reports, and example
calculations are included in the appendices to this document.
Final Report Cooper Bessemer GMV-4-TF 1 -2 July 2000
-------
Qualit
(
EPA/EMC
y Assurance Officer
Lara P. Autry
919) 541-5544
EPA/EMC
Work Assignment Manager
R. Terry Harrison
(919) 541-5233
PES
Project Manager
Dennis A. Falgout
(703)471-8383
PES
QA/QC Officer
Jeff Van Atten
(703)471-8383
-
EPA/ESD
Lead Engineer
Sims Roy
(919) 541-5263
Pretest
Site Survey
PES
Quality Assurance
Project Plan
PES
Subcontractor
CSU EECL
Subcontractor
Emissions Monitoring, Inc
Subcontractor
Eastern Research
Group, Inc.
-
-
Site Specific
Test Plan
PES
Subcontractor
CSU EECL
Subcontractor
Emissions Monitoring,
Subcontractor
Field
Testing
PES
Subcontractor
CSU EECL
Subcontractor
Eastern Research
Group, Inc.
Sample
Analysis
PES
Subcontractor
Emissions Monitoring, Inc.
Eastern Research
Group, Inc.
Draft Final
Reports
PES
Subcontractor
CSU EECL
Subcontractor
Emissions Monitoring, Inc.
Subcontractor
Eastern Research
Group Inc.
Figure 1.1. Test Program Organization and Major Lines of Communication
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
1-3
July 2000
-------
2.0 SUMMARY OF RESULTS
This section provides summaries of the stack gas parameters and HAP emissions
during the test program conducted on the Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF engine March 31
through April 2,1999. The following sub-sections present the test times and durations,
engine and stack gas parameters, and HAP concentrations and mass flow rates before and
after the oxidation catalyst. A discussion of catalyst removal efficiencies for various HAP is
included at the end of this section.
2.1 EMISSIONS TEST LOG
The test team conducted sampling at the EECL starting on March 30 and ending on
April 2, 1999. During that time period thirty-one test runs were conducted. These test runs
consisted of twelve 5-minute Quality Control (QC) runs, twelve 33-minute sampling runs for
collection of FTIRS, CEMS and GCMS data, three 2-hour CARD Method 429 runs, and four
5-minute daily baseline runs. Table 2.1 presents the emissions test log. The test log
summarizes the date and time that each run was conducted and the sampling methodologies
used during that particular run. Additional discussions of the engine operating parameters
may be found in Section 3.0 of this document.
In Table 2.1, the sampling runs are presented in the order that they were conducted.
In the tables that follow Table 2.1, the sampling runs are presented in numerical order.
During the test program, engine conditions were set by making small changes in engine
operation from run to run rather than large changes. The purpose of this approach was to
minimize both the time between test runs to change an engine condition as well as the time
required for the engine to stabilize after each change. The effect on the test program was that
the engine load conditions for which emissions data were sought were not conducted in the
same order that they were presented in the Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP). To
maintain consistency with the QAPP, the numbers denoting the engine test conditions were
not changed.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 2-1 July 2000
-------
TABLE 2.1
EMISSIONS TEST LOG
Date
3/30/99
3/31/99
3/31/99
3/31/99
3/31/99
3/31/99
3/31/99
3/31/99
3/31/99
3/31/99
3/31/99
3/31/99
3/31/99
3/31/99-4/1/99
4/1/99
4/1/99
4/1/99
4/1/99
4/1/99
4/1/99
4/1/99
4/1/99
4/1/99
Run Time
1256-1301
1207-1212
1319-1324
1340-1413
1539-1544
1600-1633
1741-1746
1805-1838
1943-1948
2305-2338
2105-2110
2130-2203
2310-2315
2335-0008
1135-1140
1200-1233
1319-1324
1340-1413
1534-1539
1627-1632
1650-1723
1817-1822
1840-1913
Run ID
Baseline No. 1
Baseline No. 2
Run 1A QC
Run 1A
Run 5 QC
Run 5
Run 6 QC
Run 6
Run 13 QC
Run 13
Run 14 QC
Run 14
RunSQC
Run 8
Run 3 QC
Run 3
Run 2/7 QC
Run 2/7
Baseline No. 3
Run 15 QC
Run 15
Run 16 QC
Run 16
Sampling Methodology
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
2-2
July 2000
-------
TABLE 2.1 (Concluded)
EMISSIONS TEST LOG
Date
4/1/99
4/1/99
4/1/99
4/1/99-4/2/99
4/2/99
4/2/99
4/2/99
4/2/99
Run Time
2025-2030
2050-2123
2340-2345
2355-0028
1204-1404
1625-1825
2000-2100
2100-2200
2315-2320
Run ID
RunlOQC
Run 10
Run 9A QC
Run9A
PAH 1 (Run 4)'
PAH2 (Run 8A)1
PAH3(Runll)'
PAH3 (Run 12)'
Baseline No. 4
Sampling Methodology
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS,
CARB Method 429
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS,
CARB Method 429
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS,
CARB Method 429
CEMS, FTIRS, GCMS
1 PAH testing was conducted at multiple load conditions, instead of one load condition as described in
the QAPP. The PAH testing was conducted in this fashion to make up for field delays. A discussion of this
issue may be found in Section 5.10.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
2-3
July 2000
-------
TABLE 2.2
SUMMARY OF EXHAUST GAS FLOW RATES
Run ID
Engine Speed , rpm
Engine Torque, ft-lb
Horsepower, bhp
Fuel Flow Rate, scfh
Equivalence Ratio, 4>
Higher Heating Value, Btu/cf
Heat Rate, MMBtu/hr
Dry Fuel Factor, Fd, dscf/MMBtu
RunIA
300
7723
441
3672
0.33
1072
3.94
8664
Run2-7
299
5285
302
2835
0.27
1090
3.09
8672
Run3
269
5286
272
2491
0.25
1090
2.72
8672
Run4
270
7324
377
3279
0.32
1032
3.38
8661
RunS
300
7731
441
3661
0.30
1072
3.92
8664
RunS
300
7727
442
3646
0.34
1072
3.91
8664
RunS
270
7360
378
3130
0.27
1072
3.35
8664
Run9A
299
7728
441
3626
0.33
1090
3.95
8672
RunIO
299
7729
442
3674
0.32
1090
4.01
8672
Catalyst Inlet
Gas Temperature, °F
Oxygen, % vol d.b.
Carbon Dioxide, % vol d.b.
Gas Volumetric Flow Rate, dscfrn
560
14.60
3.59
1885
482
15.80
2.93
1830
452
16.08
2.67
1701
524
14.70
3.48
1647
539
15.10
3.51
2041
574
14.34
3.90
1799
503
15.60
3.26
1910
537
14.50
3.59
1866
565
14.63
3.66
1929
Catalyst Outlet
Gas Temperature, °F
Oxygen, % vol d.b.
Carbon Dioxide, % vol d.b.
Gas Volumetric Flow Rate, dscfm
554
14.67
3.43
1907
480
15.80
2.83
1830
447
16.30
2.50
1782
517
14.80
3.33
1674
534
15.20
3.39
2077
567
14.17
3.71
1753
498
15.40
2.96
1840
527
14.60
3.56
1895
556
14.63
3.53
1929
rpm - revolutions per minute
ft-lb - foot-pounds
bhp - brake horsepower
scfh - standard cubic feet per hour @ 68°F and 29 92 in Hg
4> - reciprocal of % Excess Air
Btu/cf - British Thermal Units per cubic foot of natural gas
MMBtu/hr - million British Thermal units per hour
dscf/MMBtu - dry standard cubic feet of exhaust products per million Btu of heat input @ 0% excess air
•F - degrees Fahrenheit
% vol d b. - % volume dry basis
dscfm - dry standard cubic feet per minute @ 68 °F and 29.92 in. Hg
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
2-4
July 2000
-------
TABLE 2.2 (CONCLUDED)
SUMMARY OF EXHAUST FLOW RATES
Run ID
Engine Speed , rpm
Engine Torque, ft-lb
Horsepower, bhp
Fuel Flow Rate, scfh
Equivalence Ratio, 41
Higher Heating Value, Btu/cf
Heat Rate, MMBtu/hr
Dry Fuel Factor, Fd, dscf/MMBtu
Run11
270
7356
378
3277
0.30
1032
3.38
8661
Run12
270
7349
378
3271
0.29
1032
3.38
8661
Run13 Run14
300
7727
441
3727
0.33
1072
3.99
8664
300
7728
441
3585
0.32
1072
3.84
8664
Run15
299
7729
442
3715
0.32
1090
4.05
8672
Run16
299
7731
442
3713
0.33
1090
4.05
8672
PAH1
270
7326
377
3277
0.33
1032
3.38
8661
PAH2
270
7341
377
3300
0.29
1032
3.41
8661
PAH3
270
7353
378
3274
0.29
1032
3.38
8661
Catalyst Inlet
Gas Temperature, °F
Oxygen, % vol d.b.
Carbon Dioxide, % vol d.b.
Gas Volumetric Flow Rate, dscfm
507
15.20
3.05
1790
507
15.30
3.05
1819
574
14.60
3.64
1913
542
14.60
3.70
1840
599
14.70
3.78
1973
599
14.60
3.60
1941
524
14.58
3.44
1614
505
15.40
3.00
1868
507
15.25
3.05
1804
Catalyst Outlet
Gas Temperature, °F
Oxygen, % vol d.b.
Carbon Dioxide, % vol d.b.
Gas Volumetric Flow Rate, dscfm
500
15.40
3.01
1855
500
15.40
2.99
1852
568
14.50
3.55
1883
537
14.50
3.55
1812
590
14.70
3.76
1973
590
14.70
3.52
1972
517
14.73
3.35
1653
500
15.50
2.92
1903
. 500
15.40
3.00
1853
rpm - revolutions per minute
ft-lb - foot-pounds
bhp - brake horsepower
scfh - standard cubic feet per hour @ 68'F and 29.92 in Hg
t - reciprocal of % Excess Air
Btu/cf - British Thermal Units per cubic foot of natural gas
MMBtu/hr - million British Thermal units per hour
dscf/MMBtu - dry standard cubic feet of exhaust products per million Btu of heat input @ 0% excess air
•F - degrees Fahrenheit
% vol d.b. - % volume dry basis
dscfm - dry standard cubic feet per minute @ 68 °F and 29.92 in. Hg
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
2-5
July 2000
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2.2 ENGINE PARAMETERS AND EXHAUST FLOW RATES
Table 2.2 summarizes some of the engine and exhaust gas parameters that were
measured and/or calculated during the test program. The EECL's Data Acquisition System
(DAS), monitored and recorded approximately 200 engine operating parameters, as well as
gas temperatures, and concentrations of O2, CO2, and moisture at the catalyst inlet and
exhaust. (The test report generated by CSU EECL is presented in Appendix A).
The exhaust gas volumetric flow rates at before and after the catalyst are presented for
each sample run. These flow rates are calculated using a combustion products, or Fd, factor
and correcting for excess air as indicated by the measurements of O2 concentration at each
location. A new fuel factor was calculated daily based upon daily analysis of the
composition of the natural gas fuel.
2.3 FTIRS AND CEM MEASUREMENTS
Table 2.3 summarizes the mass flow rates of the FTIRS target compounds
(formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein) and the CEM target compounds (carbon
monoxide, nitrogen oxides, total hydrocarbons, or THC, methane, and non-methane
hydrocarbons, or NMHC).
EECL personnel operated two FTIRS sampling and analysis systems to quantify
concentrations of the FTIRS target compounds. Exhaust gas samples were extracted from
locations before and after the oxidation catalyst, conditioned, and transported to a Nicolet
Magna 560 FTIRS (pre-catalyst location) and a Nicolet Rega 7000 FTIRS (post-catalyst
location). The outlet FTIRS was also used to measure the moisture content in the exhaust
gas. Moisture measurements by the inlet FTIRS were determined by EECL to be inaccurate.
Therefore a carbon balance method was employed to calculate the moisture concentration at
the pre-catalyst sampling location.
Of the three target FTIRS compounds, only formaldehyde was detected.
Formaldehyde was detected before and after the catalyst during every sampling run that was
conducted. Results are presented for each of the 18 test runs in numerical order. Neither
acetaldehyde nor acrolein were detected during the sampling program. The final column of
Table 2.3 presents the average mass flow rate of the formaldehyde, or the average detection
limit of acetaldehyde and acrolein. Run by run detection limits for the FTIRS compounds are
presented in Table 5.2 of this document.
Table 2.3 also presents the calculated mass flow rates of the CEMS compounds.
EECL personnel operating two CEMS sampling and analysis systems. Engine exhaust gas
samples were extracted from locations before and after the catalyst, conditioned, and
transported to the CEMS analyzer racks. Moisture was removed from the gas sample prior to
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 2-6 July 2000
-------
introduction to the O2, CO2, CO, and NOX analyzers. All of the CEMS target compounds
were detected at both the inlet and the outlet locations. CEMS detection limits are presented
on a run by run basis in Table 5.2.
2.4 GCMS MEASUREMENTS
Table 2.4 presents the calculated mass flow rates of the GCMS compounds (1,3-
butadiene, hexane benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, (o,m,p)-xylenes, and styrene). EMI
personnel operated two Inficon Portable Gas Chromatographs with Mass Spectrometer
Detectors. (The test report generated by EMI is presented in Appendix B). Gas samples for
GCMS analysis were extracted from both the before and after catalyst locations through a
heated probe and quartz fiber filter, then transported via a heated Teflon® sample line to a
Peltier condenser for continuous moisture removal. The sample was then co-mixed with an
internal standard mixture (in a constant ratio of 10:1) in the GC sampling loop for 1 minute
before injection into the GCMS. After purging the sample loop for 1 minute, the sample was
injected onto the separatory column to resolve the target compounds for quantification by the
detector. Each sample run consisted on 4 injections. Each GCMS was supported by a
PC-based DAS to calculate peak areas of the target compounds.
The only target analytes that the GCMS detected at the catalyst inlet location were
hexane, benzene, and toluene. Concentration levels of hexane reached about 0.1 parts per
million (ppm, or 100 parts per billion ppb) which is approximately the instrument detection
limit for hexane. Concentration levels for benzene and toluene ranged from 0.05 to 0.1 ppm
(50 to 100 ppb), and 0.01 to 0.23 ppm (10 to 230 ppb), respectively, for the 16 engine test
conditions. Run number 1A had the lowest concentration levels for benzene and toluene with
only 0.05 and 0.02 ppm (50 and 20 ppb) detected, respectively. All other engine test
conditions produced higher concentration results for these compounds, but changes in engine
operation had little effect on the observed results. Benzene and toluene concentration levels
for runs 2/7, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9A, 10, 13, 14, 15, and 16 all approximated 0.07 ppm (70 ppb) for
benzene and 0.22 ppm (220 ppb) for toluene.
A gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer (GCMS) detector can
identify compounds that are not contained in the instrument specific calibration. The GCMS
identified two peaks that were not among the original matrix of target analytes. The
compounds, di-methyl ether (CAS#=115-10-6, MW=46 AMU) and nitromethane
(CAS#=75-52-5, MW=61 AMU), were tentatively identified in nearly every run at the inlet
location. Neither of these compounds are consider HAPs by EPA. We could not quantify the
compounds because we had no calibration analytes that are chemically similar, and therefore,
could not estimate instrument specific response factors to generate estimated concentrations.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 2-7 July 2000
-------
TABLE 2.3
EMISSION RATES OF DETECTED FTIR AND CEM COMPOUNDS
Run ID
RuntA
Run 2-7
Run 3
Run 4
RunS
Run 6
Run 8
RunSA
Run 10
Catalyst Inlet
.... mg/bhp-hr
Formaldehyde
mlb/hr
, . ,_, ,_ .. mg/bhp-hr
Acetaldehyde
mlb/hr
, . mg/bhp-hr
Acrolein
mlb/hr
Nitrogen Oxides (as NCy 9/bhp-hr
Ib/hr
_ . .. .. g/bhp-hr
Carbon Monoxide
Ib/hr
.. i,_ g/bhp-hr
Methane
Ib/hr
g/bhp-hr
Non-methane Hydrocarbons
Ib/hr
Total Hydrocarbons
Ib/hr
161
156
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.5
1.5
0.75
0.73
3.7
3.6
0.81
079
4.6
4.5
287
191
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.14
0.092
2.7
1.8
10.8
7.2
1.6
1.1
12
8.2
260
156
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.14
0.085
2.5
1.5
10.3
6.1
2.2
1 3
13
7.9
162
135
ND
ND
ND
ND
4.6
3.8
0.68
0.57
5.9
4.9
0.71
0.59
7.2
6.0
180
175
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.60
0.58
1.0
1.0
4.5
4.4
0.93
0.91
54
52
168
164
ND
ND
ND
ND
3.0
2.9
0.67
066
3.5
3.4
0.71
0.69
4.3
4.2
198
165
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.49
0.41
1.2
1.0
5.9
4.9
1.2
0.98
7.5
6.2
172
168
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.8
1.8
0.70
0.69
4.1
4.0
0.44
0.43
4.6
4.5
187
182
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.2
2.1
0.72
0.70
4.1
4.0
0.42
0.41
4.8
4.6
Catalyst Outlet
.... mg/bhp-hr
Formaldehyde
mlb/hr
. . , . . . mg/bhp-hr
Acetaldehyde
mlb/hr
. . mg/bhp-hr
Acrolein
mlb/hr
Nitrogen Oxides (as N02) 9/bhp"hr
Ib/hr
_ . .. .. g/bhp-hr
Carbon Monoxide
Ib/hr
g/bhp-hr
Methane
Ib/hr
Non-methane Hydrocarbons
Ib/hr
Total Hydrocarbons
Ib/hr
87
85
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.6
1.5
0.24
024
3.8
3.7
0.86
0.84
4.8
4.6
177
117
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.14
0.092
0.83
0.55
11
7.3
1.6
1.1
13
8.3
188
113
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.14
0.087
0.92
0.55
11
6.5
2.2
1.3
14
8.5
80 n
67
ND
ND
ND
ND
4.7
3.9
0.26
0.22
6.0
5.0
0.75
0.62
7.4
6.2
101
98
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.7
0.7
0.36
0.35
4.6
4.5
1.4
1.4
5.7
5.5
72 ~~l
70
ND
ND
ND
ND
3.0
2.9
0.24
0.23
3.4
3.3
0.77
0.75
4.3
4.2
97
81
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.53
0.44
0.39
0.33
57
4.8
1.4
1.2
7.1
6.0
84
82
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.0
1.9
0.25
0.25
4.2
4.1
0.41
0.40
4.9
4.7
85
83
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.3
2.2
0.25
0.25
4.1
4.0
0.42
0.41
5.0
48
mo/bhp-hr - milligrams per brake horsepower hour
mlb/bhp-hr - millipounds per brake horsepower hour
g/bhp-hr - grams per brake horsepower hour
Ib/hr - pounds per hour
ND - Not Detected. Refer to Table 61 for ruvby-oin summary of detection limits
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
2-8
July 2000
-------
TABLE 2.3 (CONCLUDED)
EMISSION RATES OF DETECTED FTIR AND CEM COMPOUNDS
KunID
Run 11
Run 12
Run 13
Run 14 | Run 15
Run 16
PAH1
PAH 2
PAH 3
Catalyst Inlet
mg/bhp-hr
ormaldehyde
mlb/hr
A .,..,.-. mg/bhp-hr
Acetaldehyde
mlb/hr
mg/bhp-hr
Acrolem
mlb/hr
Nitrogen Oxides (as NCy 9/bhp"hr
Ib/hr
„ . .. . . g/bhp-hr
Carbon Monoxide
Ib/hr
g/bhp-hr
Methane
Ib/hr
g/bhp-hr
Non-methane Hydrocarbon
Ib/hr
Q/bho-hr
Total Hydrocarbons a ^
Ib/hr
188
157
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.42
0.35
1.1
092
63
5.3
0.74
061
7.1
5.9
192
160
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.48
0.40
1.1
0.90
6.2
5 1
067
0.56
7.1
5.9
193
188
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.3
1.3
0.74
0.72
3.7
3.6
0.84
0.82
4.5
4.3
162
158
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.2
1.1
0.84
0.81
3.7
3.6
0.80
0.78
4.6
4.5
. 198
193
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.0
2.0
0.85
0.83
4.4
4.3
0.48
0.47
5.2
5.1
194
189
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.3
2.3
0.81
0.79
4.6
4.5
0.56
0.55
5.0
4.9
157
131
ND
ND
ND
ND
4.5
3.7
0.66
0.55
5.9
4.9
0.69
0.58
7.1
5.9
194
161
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.43
0.36
1.2
096
6.8
5.6
0.66
0.55
7.7
6.4
190
158
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.45
0.38
1.1
0.91
6.2
5.2
0.70
0.59
7.1
5.9
Catalyst Outlet
.... mg/bhp-hr
Formaldehyde
mlb/hr
.... mg/bhp-hr
Acetaldehyde
mlb/hr
, . mg/bhp-hr
Acrolem
mlb/hr
Nitrogen Oxides (as N02) 9/bnp~hr
Ib/hr
_ g/bhp-hr
Carbon Monoxide
Ib/hr
g/bhp-hr
Methane * ^
Ib/hr
g/bhp-hr
Non-methane Hydrocarbon
Ib/hr
Total Hydrocarbons 0/bhp^f
Ib/hr
119
99
ND
ND
ND
ND
050
041
0.46
0.38
6.6
55
0.76
0.63
7.6
6.4
116
96 •
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.55
0.45
0.43
0.36
6.3
5.3
0.81
0.67
7.6
6.3
93
90
ND
ND
ND
ND
1 4
1 4
0.27
0.26
3.7
3.6
0.84
0.82
4.5
4.4
79
76
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.2
1.2
0.28
0.27
3.6
3.5
0.86
0.84
4.6
4.5
94
92
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.1
2 1
0.28
0.27
4.4
4.3
0.47
0.46
5.4
5.2
92
89
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.5
2.4
0.27
0.27
4.7
4.6
0.44
0.43
5.4
5.2
80
67
ND
ND
ND
ND
47
3.9
0.26
0.22
6.1
5.1
0.75
0.62
7.3
6.1
119
99
ND
ND
ND
ND
049
0.41
0.46
0.38
6.9
5.8
0.71
0.59
8.1
6.7
117
98
ND
ND
ND
ND
052
043
0.45
0.37
6.5
5.4
0.78
0.65
7.6
63
mg/bhp-hr - milligrams per brake horsepower hour
mlb/bhp-hr - millipounds per brake horsepower hour
g/bhp-hr - grams per brake horsepower hour
Ib/hr - pounds per hour
NO - Not Detected. Refer to Table 6.1 for run-by-tun summary of detection limits.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
2-9
July 2000
-------
TABLE 2.4
EMISSION RATES OF DETECTED GCMS COMPOUNDS
Run ID
RunIA
Run2-7
Run3
Run4
RunS
Run6
RunS
Run9A
RunIO
Catalyst Inlet
(jg/bhp-hr
1 ,3-Butadiene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
Hexane
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
Benzene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
Toluene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
Ethyl Benzene
plb/hr
, v , pg/bhp-hr
m/p-Xylene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
Styrene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
o-Xylene
plb/hr
ND
ND
ND
ND
1000
1000
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2000
2000
8800
5800
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2000
1000
8800
5300
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
3000
3000
2000
2000
2300
1900
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2000
2000
6600
6400
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2000
2000
6100
5900
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2000
1000
7200
6000
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2000
2000
6000
5900
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2000
2000
6200
6100
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Catalyst Outlet
pg/bhp-hr
1,3-Butadiene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
Hexane
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
Benzene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
Toluene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
Ethyl Benzene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
m/p-Xylene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
Styrene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
o-Xylene
plb/hr
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND.
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
pg/bhp-hr • micrograms per brake horsepower hour
plb/hr - mcrapounds per hour
ND - Refer to Table 6 6 tor run-by-run detection linnets at the catalyst inlet, and Table 8 7 for run-by-run detection Hints at the catalyst outlet.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
2-10
July 2000
-------
TABLE 2.4 (CONCLUDED)
EMISSION RATES OF DETECTED GCMS COMPOUNDS
Run ID
pg/bhp-hr
,3-Butadiene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
Hexane
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
Benzene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
Toluene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
Ethyl Benzene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
m/p-Xylene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
Styrene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
o-Xylene
plb/hr
Run11
Run12
ND
ND
ND
ND
3000
2000
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2000
2000
2300
1900
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Run13
Run14
Catalyst Inlet
ND
ND
ND
ND
2000
2000
6400
6200
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1000
1000
6000
5800
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Run15
ND
ND
ND
ND
2000
2000
6400
6200
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Run16
ND
ND
3000
3000
2000
2000
6300
6100
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
PAH1
ND
ND
ND
ND
2000
2000
2200
1800
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
PAH2
ND
ND
ND
ND
2000
2000
2400
2000
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
PAH3
ND
ND
ND
ND
2000
2000
1700
1400
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Catalyst Outlet
pg/bhp-hr
1 ,3-Butadiene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
Hexane
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
Benzene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
Toluene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
£thyl Benzene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
m/p-Xylene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
Styrene
plb/hr
pg/bhp-hr
o-Xylene
plb/hr
ND
ND
ND
ND
500
400
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
500
400
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
500
500
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
500
400
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ug/bhp-hr • micrograrru per brake horsepower hour
ulb/hr • mcropound» per hour
ND - Refer to Table 6.6 (or nivby-run detection limits at the catalyst Met, and Table 6 7 tor rurnby-run detection limits at the catalyst outlet
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
2-11
July 2000
-------
The only target analyte detected at the catalyst outlet was benzene. The di-methyl
ether and nitromethane peaks were either absent or at very low concentrations at the outlet
location. The highest concentration level observed for benzene at the outlet was 0.03 ppm
(30 ppb) which occurred during Run 4.
2.5 POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBON (PAH) MEASUREMENTS
PES used CARS Method 429 to collect samples of the engine exhaust for
determination of PAHs. A sample of the exhaust gas stream was extracted through a glass
nozzle, heated glass-lined probe, a heated quartz filter, and a chilled sorbent trap containing
XAD-2 sorbent resin. The resin was extracted and combined with the front-half train rinses
and the filter and analyzed for PAH content by ERG using Low Resolution Mass
Spectrometry. (The analytical reported generated by ERG is contained in Appendix C).
Table 2.5 presents stack gas and sample train parameters for the CARB 429 testing.
Three 2-hour CARB 429 sample runs were conducted before and after the catalyst by PES
personnel. The first PAH run was conducted at Run Condition No. 4, and the second PAH
run was conducted at Run Condition 8. The last PAH run was conducted at Run Conditions
11 (for the first hour) and 12 (for the second hour). CARB 429 calls for testing to be
conducted at isokinetic conditions. The isokinetic sampling ratios should be 100 % ± 10%.
The (3-run) average isokinetic sampling ratio was 84.5 % before the catalyst and 84.8 % after
the catalyst. PES used a standard pitot tube for velocity traverses and used the pitot tube
coefficient for an S-type pitot tube in the pre-sampling calculations. This error resulted in
sampling at a velocity approximately 15 % less than the exhaust gas velocity.
Isokinetic sampling is used to ensure that the distribution of large versus small
particles in the collected sample is representative of the distribution of these particles in the
exhaust gas. If the exhaust is composed of both large and small particles, sampling at less
that isokinetic conditions will bias the particle distribution in the sample towards the larger
particles. The larger particles will be collected, but not the smaller particles. The effect of
sampling at less than isokinetic conditions is minimized because the larger particles compose
most of the mass of the sample. If the particles in the exhaust gas are composed of particles
that are the same size, as is most likely the case for an engine exhaust, then the effect of
anisokinetic sampling has a minimal effect on the particle size distribution in the sample.
Table 2.6 presents the mass emission rates of detected PAH target compounds at the
catalyst inlet. Napthalene and phenanthrene were the only PAHs detected during every run
before the catalyst. Acenapthene and flurorene were detected during the first run, and
acenapthylene was detected during the second run. No other PAH compounds were detected.
For these compounds, (3-run) average detection limit is presented hi the average column.
Table 6.12 presents the in-stack detection limits at the catalyst inlet for each compound on a
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 2-12 July 2000
-------
run-by-run basis. Table 2.7 presents the mass emission rates of detected PAH target
compounds at the catalyst outlet. Acenapthene, napthalene and phenanthrene were detected
during all three sampling runs. Emission rates of all other compounds were less than the
method detection limit. For these compounds, (3-run) average detection limit is presented in
the average column. Table 6.13 presents the in-stack detection limits at the catalyst outlet for
each compound on a run-by-run basis.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 2-13 July 2000
-------
TABLE 2.5
SUMMARY OF STACK GAS AND SAMPLING PARAMETERS
CARB 429 CATALYST INLET AND OUTLET
Run ID
Date
Time
PAH1
4/2/99
1204-1404
PAH 2
4/2/99
1625-1825
PAH 3
4/2/99
2000-2200
Average
Catalyst Inlet
Sampling Duration, minutes
Average Sampling Rate, dscfm a
Sample Volume, dscf
Gas Temperature, °F
Gas Pressure, in. Hg
02 Concentration, % by Volume
CO2 Concentration, % by Volume
Moisture, % by Volume
Gas Volumetric Flow Rate:
acfm b
dscfm a
Gas Velocity, ft/s
Isokinetic Sampling Ratio, %
120
0.615
73.787
600
25.50
14.6
3.4
8.4
4473
1738
95.0
82.8
120
0.648
77.723
616
25.50
15.4
3.0
7.6
4446
1717
94.4
88.3
120
0.612
73.475
620
25.50
15.3
3.1
7.4
4508
1740
95.7
82.4
0.625
74.995
612
25.50
15.1
3.2
7.8
4476
1732
95.0
84.5
Catalyst Outlet
Sampling Duration, minutes
Average Sampling Rate, dscfm a
Sample Volume, dscf
Gas Temperature, °F
Gas Pressure, in. Hg
O2 Concentration, % by Volume
CO2 Concentration, % by Volume
Moisture, % by Volume
Gas Volumetric Flow Rate:
acfm b
dscfm a
Gas Velocity, ft/s
Isokinetic Sampling Ratio, %
120
0.661
79.366
586
25.35
14.7
3.4
8.1
4,420
1,740
93.8
83.0
120
0.708
84.998
582
25.35
15.5
2.9
7.7
4,420
1,750
93.9
88.1
120
0.677
81.198
582
25.35
15.4
3.0
7.4
4,460
1,770
94.6
83.2
120
0.682
81.854
583
25.35
15.2
3.1
7.7
4,433
1,753
94.1
84.8
8 Dry standard cubic feet per minute corrected to 68° F (20° C) and 1 atm.
b Actual cubic feet per minute at exhaust gas conditions.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
2-14
July 2000
-------
TABLE 2.6
EMISSION RATES OF DETECTED PAHS AT CATALYST INLET
Run ID
Date
'ime
pg/bhp-hr a
Acenaphthene b
plb/hour
... , pg/bhp-hr
Acenaphthylene
jjlb/hour
. 1U pg/bhp-hr
Anthracene
plb/hour
_ , v xU |jg/bhp-hr
3enzo(a)anthracene
(jib/hour
Benzo(b)fluoranthene 'J9/bhp'nr
plb/hour
pg/bhp-hr
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
plb/hour
_ .... . pg/bhp-hr
Jenzo(g,h,i)perylene
plb/hour
pg/bhp-hr
Benzo(a)pyrene
plb/hour
_. pg/bhp-hr
Chrysene ra
plb/hour
pg/bhp-hr
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
|jlb/hour
_, .. pg/bhp-hr
Fluoranthene
(jib/hour
... pg/bhp-hr
-luorene
plb/hour
lndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyreneM9/bhp-hr
plb/hour
K, u.u i pg/bhp-hr
Naphthalene
plb/hour
,-,,. tu pg/bhp-hr
Phenanthrene
plb/hour
_. pg/bhp-hr
Pyrene ™ ^
plb/hour
PAH1
4/2/99
1204-1404
2.8
2.4
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
. ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
4.7
3.9
ND
ND
64
53
6.0
5.0
ND
ND
PAH 2
4/2/99
1625-1825
ND
ND
1.9
1.6
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
38
32
4.7
3.9
ND
ND
PAH 3
4/2/99
2000-2200
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
42
35
3.3
2.7
ND
ND
Average
< 2.2
< 1.8
< 1.9
< 1.6
< 1.8
< 1.5
< 1.8
< 1.5
< 1.8
< 1.5
< 1.8
< 1.5
< 3.7
< 3.1
< 1.8
< 1.5
< 1.8
< 1.5
< 3.7
< 3.1
< 1.8
< 1.5
< 2.8
< 2.3
< 3.7
< 3.1
48
40
4.6
3.9
< 1.8
< 1.5
Micrograms per brake horsepower hour
Micropounds per hour
NO indicates that the compound was not detected. Averages include detection limits.
Table 6.10 presents run-by-run detection limits for all PAHs.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
2-15
July 2000
-------
TABLE 2.7
EMISSION RATES OF DETECTED PAHS AT CATALYST OUTLET
Run ID
Date
Time
pg/bhp-hr a
Acenaphthene b
plb/hour
A u.u i pg/bhp-hr
Acenaphthylene
plb/hour
. .. ug/bhp-hr
Anthracene Ma K
plb/hour
, % n. pg/bhp-hr
Benzo(a)anthracene
plb/hour
Benzo(b)fluoranthene W^P^
plb/hour
Benzo(k)fluoranthene M9/bhp-hr
plb/hour
_. . . .. , pg/bhp-hr
3enzo(g,h,i)perylene
plb/hour
n / \ pg/bhp-hr
3enzo(a)pyrene
plb/hour
_, pg/bhp-hr
Chrysene ^a
plb/hour
rx-L. , •_» ,1. pg/bhp-hr
3ibenz(a,h)anthracene
plb/hour
c-i .u pg/bhp-hr
Fluoranthene Ka
plb/hour
i-i pg/bhp-hr
Fluorene " ^
plb/hour
/.. „ n ^ pg/bhp-hr
lndeno(1 ,2,3-cd)pyrene
plb/hour
Naphthalene W*"1^
plb/hour
P9/bhp-hr
Phenanthrene pa ^
plb/hour
Pyrene W1*^
plb/hour
PAH1
4/2/99
1204-1404
ND
ND
2.1
1.8
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
31
25
2.8
2.3
ND
ND
PAH 2
4/2/99
1625-1825
ND
ND
1.6
1.4
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
26
22
1.8
1.5
ND
ND
PAH 3
4/2/99
2000-2200
ND
ND
1.8
1.5
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
28
23
2.0
1.6
ND
ND
Average
< 1.7
< 1.4
1.9
1.5
< 1.7
< 1.4
< 1.7
< 1.4
< 1.7
< 1.4
< 1.7
< 1.4
< 3.4
< 2.8
< 1.7
< 1.4
< 1.7
< 1.4
< 3.4
< 2.8
< 1.7
< 1.4
< 1.7
< 1.4
< 3.4
< 2.8
28
24
2.2
1.8
< 1.7
< 1.4
8 Micrograms per brake horsepower hour
b Micropounds per hour
NO indicates that the compound was not detected. Averages include detection limits.
Table 6.11 presents run-by-run detection limits for all PAH at the catalyst outlet.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
2-16
July 2000
-------
2.6 DESTRUCTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS BY THE CATALYST
PES calculated the catalyst destruction efficiency of several of the target compounds.
These data are presented in Table 2.8. Several of the compounds that were on the target list
were not detected at the inlet or the outlet. PES did not attempt to calculate destruction
efficiencies for these compounds (acetaldehyde, acrolein, 1-3 butadiene, hexane, ethyl
benzene, styrene, xylenes, acenaphthene, acenapthylene, anthracene, benzo(a)anthracene,
benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(e)pyrene, benzo(k)fluoranthene,
benzo(g,h,i)perylene, chrysene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, fluoranthene, fluorene,
indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene, 2-methylnapthalene, perylene, and pyrene).
Formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, methane, non-methane
hydrocarbons, and total hydrocarbons were detected on every run, both before and after the
catalyst. PES calculated the destruction efficiencies of these compounds for every run using
the calculated mass flow data.
Benzene was detected before the catalyst during every sampling run, and toluene was
detected before the catalyst during every sampling run except for two. PES calculated the
removal efficiencies of these compounds when they were detected before the catalyst. The
benzene and the toluene detection limits after the catalyst were used to estimate destruction
efficiency for these two compounds.
At the direction of EPA, PES calculated the destruction efficiency of the PAH
compounds only when the compound was detected on two of three PAH sampling runs
before the catalyst. Napthalene and phenanthrene were detected on all three of the sampling
runs before and after the catalyst. PES calculated the destruction efficiencies of these
compounds for each PAH sampling run using the calculated mass flow data.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 2-17 July 2000
-------
TABLE 2.8
REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES OF DETECTED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Run ID
Formaldehyde
Nitrogen Oxides (as NO^
Carbon Monoxide
Methane
Non-methane Hydrocarbons
Total Hydrocarbons
Benzene
Toluene
Napthalene
Phenanthrene
RuntA
46%
-6%
67%
-2%
-6%
-4%
53%
-
-
-
Run 2-7
39%
-1%
69%
-1%
-1%
-2%
75%
86%
-
-
Run 3
28%
-2%
63%
-5%
3%
-8%
63%
85%
-
-
Run 4
50%
-3%
62%
-2%
-5%
-3%
79%
63%
-
-
Run 5
44%
-13%
65%
-2%
-49%
-5%
69%
86%
-
-
Run 6
57%
1%
64%
2%
-8%
1%
80%
87%
-
-
Run 8
51%
-9%
67%
3%
-19%
4%
72%
87%
-
-
RunSA
51%
-7%
64%
-3%
7%
-6%
71%
86%
-
-
Run 10
54%
-5%
65%
0%
0%
-4%
72%
87%
-
-
Run ID
Formaldehyde
Nitrogen Oxides (as NO2)
Carbon Monoxide
Methane
Non-methane Hydrocarbons
Total Hydrocarbons
Benzene
Toluene
Napthalene
Phenanthrene
Run 11
37%
-17%
58%
-4%
-3%
-7%
77%
-
-
-
Run 12
40%
-14%
60%
-2%
-21%
-6%
79%
58%
-
-
Run 13
52%
-5%
64%
1%
0%
-1%
74%
87%
-
-
Run 14
52%
-4%
67%
1%
-7%
0%
70%
86%
-
-
Run 15
52%
-6%
67%
0%
1%
-3%
74%
87%
-
-
Run 16
53%
-7%
66%
-2%
22%
-7%
75%
87%
-
-
PAH1
49%
-4%
60%
-3%
-8%
-3%
78%
61%
53%
54%
PAH 2
39%
-15%
60%
-2%
-8%
-5%
73%
60%
31%
62%
PAH 3
38%
-16%
59%
-3%
-11%
-7%
75%
44%
34%
41%
Average
46%
-7%
64%
-1%
-6%
-4%
73%
77%
39%
52%
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
2-18
July 2000
-------
3.0 SOURCE DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
This section presents discussions of the candidate engine and the catalyst that was
used for the test program. The sections that follow describe the engine and the operation of
the engine during testing.
3.1 ENGINE DESCRIPTION
The Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF stationary internal combustion engine is a four-
cylinder, 2-stroke internal combustion engine with a manufacturer's sea level rating of 440
brake-horsepower (bhp) at 300 rpm. Due to the elevation of the EECL, the unit is site-rated
at 378 bhp. The engine was originally manufactured in 1946, but was rebuilt and installed at
the EECL in 1993. The pistons are 14 inches in diameter with a 14-inch stroke. Air is
delivered to the engine via a supercharged air delivery system; air manifold pressures are
controlled by the EECL process control system. Engine loading is controlled by a computer-
controlled water brake dynamometer. Before the test program EECL installed an oxidation
catalyst, manufactured by MiraTech Corporation, on the engine. EECL aged the catalyst
under its normal operating condition (i.e., burned in the catalyst) before the test program.
This procedure ensured that the catalyst's HAP destruction efficiency approximated the HAP
destruction efficiency of mature catalysts installed on 2-stroke engines in industry. Table 3.1
presents specifications of the engine and the catalyst. Table 3.2 presents nominal engine
operating parameters.
The 2-stroke cycle requires only one revolution of the engine crankshaft for each
power stroke, compared to the 4-stroke cycle which requires two revolutions. When the
compressed air/fuel mixture is ignited, the piston travels down the chamber. Near the end of
the stroke, the piston uncovers ports in the wall of the cylinder chamber, and scavenging air is
introduced. This air consists of fresh air mixed with fuel. As the scavenging air enters the
cylinder, an exhaust valve opens which allows the exhaust products to escape. When the
piston returns up the cylinder, the ports are covered, the exhaust valve is closed, and the
air/fuel mixture is compressed in preparation for the next power stroke.
The GMV-4-TF engine was outfitted with lean-burn technology, which is used for the
control of NOX emissions. The lean-burn system uses pre-combustion chambers to ignite a
lean air/fuel mixture in the main combustion chambers. A relatively rich mixture of air and
fuel is drawn into the pre-combustion chamber and is ignited by a spark plug. The resulting
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 3 -1 July 2000
-------
TABLE 3.1
ENGINE AND CATALYST SPECIFICATIONS
Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF (2-stroke lean-burn, natural-gas-fired)
Engine Classification
Manufacturer and Type:
Number of Cylinders:
Bore and Stroke:
Nominal Engine Speed:
Ignition System Classification
Ignition System:
Pre-combustion Chamber Type:
Number of Pre-combustion Chambers:
Catalyst Classification
Manufacturer:
Date of Manufacture:
Model Number:
Serial Number:
Item Number:
Catalyst Material:
Element Size:
Effective Area:
Number of Elements:
Two-stroke, lean-burn, natural-gas-fired
Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
4
14 in. x 14 in.
300 rpm
Spark Ignited Pre-combustion Chamber
Altronic CPU-2000
Diesel Supply "Screw-In" Chamber
1 per cylinder
Oxidation Type
MiraTech Corporation
Tulsa, Oklahoma
December 1998
None. Custom-designed unit
None. Custom-designed unit
CSU-1216
Platinum/Palladium on Aluminum
Substrate. Manufactured in Finland by
Kemira.
12 in. x 16 in. x3 in.
llin.xl47/8"
2
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
3-2
July 2000
-------
TABLE 3.2
SUMMARY OF NOMINAL ENGINE PARAMETERS
Parameter
Torque
Speed
Jacket Water Temp (Outlet)
Oil Temperature (Outlet)
Air Manifold Temperature
Air Manifold Pressure
Exhaust Manifold Pressure
Ignition Timing, LPP1
Overall Air/Fuel Ratio
Inlet Air Humidity- Absolute
Fuel Flow
Oil Pressure Inlet
Inlet Air Flow
Average Exhaust Temp
Nominal Value
7720 ft-lb
300 rpm
165 °F
155 °F
110°F
Barometric + 7.5 in. Hg
Air Manifold Pressure -
2.5 in. Hg
18°ATDC
42/1
0.01 5 Ib. H2O/lbAir
3650 scfh
28 psig
1600-1 700 scfm
700 °F
Acceptable
Deviation
± 2% of value
± 5% of value
± 5% of value
± 5% of value
± 5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
± 5% of value
±5% of value
± 10% of value
± 5% of value
± 5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
Designation
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
For a GMV-4-TF engine operated in normal, i.e., not lean-burn, configuration, the manufacturer
calls for ignition timing to be set at 10° BTDC. Because the pre-combustion chamber spreads the flame
throughout the engine much faster than a standard spark ignition, the ignition timing had to be retarded. Timing
was retarded so that the Location of Peak Pressure (LPP) was consistent with an engine in the normal firing
configuration. LPP for this engine is 18° ATDC.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
3-3
July 2000
-------
flame is then directed into the main combustion chamber, which contains a lean mixture of
air and fuel. The jet from the pre-combustion chamber provides a sufficient source of
ignition for combustion of the air fuel mixture in the main chamber.
3.2 ENGINE OPERATION DURING TESTING
As stated in Section 2 of this document, there were four types of test runs that were
conducted during the test program: quality assurance runs, sampling runs for
FTIRS/CEMS/GCMS, CARB 429 sampling runs, and daily baseline runs. The operation of
the engine during these various runs is discussed in the following pages and tables.
Table 3.3 presents the test matrix for the Cooper-Bessemer engine. The test matrix
was originally presented in the Quality Assurance Project Plan. During the test program, the
six engine operating parameters that were expected to have the greatest impact on pollutant
formation were varied. These parameters were: engine speed (measured in revolutions per
minute or rpm), engine torque (measured in foot-pounds or ft-lb), air-to-fuel ratio (calculated
as an equivalence factor), engine timing (the location of the cylinder, relative to top dead
center, at the time of peak pressure in the combustion chamber), air manifold temperature
(measured in degrees Fahrenheit), and jacket water outlet temperature (also measured in
degrees Fahrenheit).
Table 3.4 presents engine parameters that were recorded during each test run and their
percent deviation from the target values. There were fifteen sampling runs conducted on the
engine during the four-day period. Run 1A was a make-up run for the original run at
Condition No. 1. The run was repeated because the EECL DAS recorded no data from the
FTIRS (neither up- nor downstream of the catalyst). Run 9 A is a repeat of Run 9. Run 9
was invalidated because the engine speed at the completion of the run did not agree with the
target engine speed for that condition. In the original test plan, the sampling runs for PAH
compounds were to be conducted at the single load condition at the end of the 16 test points.
Because of time constraints, two of these runs (PAH 1 and PAH 3) were combined with the
CEMS, FTIRS, and GCMS sampling. Run PAH 1 was conducted simultaneously with Run
4, and Run PAH 3 was conducted simultaneously with Runs 11 (for the first hour) and 12
(for the second hour). Sampling Run PAH 2 was conducted at Condition 8 but the PAH run
was not conducted simultaneously with the FTIRS, CEMS, and GCMS runs. The engine was
set up at parameters prescribed by Condition 8 a second time for run PAH 2. Further
discussions of these issues may be found in the report submitted by CSU EECL. This report
is included in Appendix A of this document.
Conditions 2 and 7 were combined because of factors surrounding the air/fuel ratio.
The air fuel ratios prescribed in the QAPP were unrealistically rich for the 2-stroke, lean-burn
engine. In order to meet the air/fuel ratios in the test plan, the air manifold pressure would
have had to be dropped below the manufacturer's minimum recommendation. Operating the
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 3-4 July 2000
-------
TABLE 3.3
TARGET ENGINE OPERATING CONDITIONS DURING TESTING
Operating
Conditions
Tested:
Condition 1
Condition 2
Condition 3
Condition 4
Condition 5
Condition 6
Condition 7
Condition 8
Condition 9
Condition 10
Condition 1 1
Condition 12
Condition 13
Condition 14
Condition 15
Condition 16
Speed
(rpm)
H
H
L
L
H
H
H
L
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
L = 270
H = 300
Torque
(% of
maximum)
H
L
L
H
H
H
L
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
L = 70
H=100
Air/Fuel
Ratio
(+)
N
N
N
N
L
H
H
L
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N = 0.33
L = 0.30
H = 0.36
Timing
(° BTDC)
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S ^
S
L
H
S
S
S = 2.5
L=l
H = 6
Air Manifold
Temperature
<°F>
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
L
H
S
S
S
S
S
S
S = 110
L = 90
H = 130
Jacket Water
Temperature
CD
s
S
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
L
H
S
s
s
s
S = 165
L=155
H = 175
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
3-5
July 2000
-------
engine this way could have damaged the engine. CSU set the air manifold over pressure to
7.75 inches of mercury, which resulted in an air/fuel ratio of 58.9, which corresponds to
364% excess air, or an equivalence factor, , of 0.27. The points were combined because this
air/fuel ratio was less than the prescribed air/fuel ratio for both of the two test points.
Table 3.5 presents engine parameters during baseline test points. The testing was
conducted over a period of four days. During that period the engine did not run continuously,
but was shut down each night. Test accuracy required that the overall engine operation did
not change over the four-day period. The stability of the engine over this period was
demonstrated by operating the engine at a "baseline" condition for one 5-minute period on
the first day of testing and for one 5-minute period on each subsequent day of the testing.
The baseline condition was corresponded to the manufacturer's recommended settings.
Changes to the baseline parameters would have indicated a change in the overall operating
characteristics of the engine. It would not have been possible to distinguish between
emission rate changes attributable to changes in the independent variables and emission rate
changes attributable to random changes in the performance of the engine. Table 3.5 presents
values of the stability parameters and their deviation from their proscribed values (see
Table 3.2) for the engine baseline run conducted on March 30,1999. The table presents the
data for the three remaining baseline checks, but the deviations reported are from the
measured parameter during the first baseline check. We present the data in this fashion
because stability of these parameters over the duration of the test program is more important
than the deviation of the parameters from the engine manufacturer's nominal values for them.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 3-6 July 2000
-------
TABLE 3.4
SUMMARY OF ENGINE PARAMETERS - COOPER BESSEMER GMV-4-TF
Run ID
Actual
Engine Speed, rpm Target
% diff
Actual
Engine Torque ft-lb Target
% diff
Actual
Equivalence Ratio, $ (= 1/%EA) Target
% diff
Actual
Timing, Location of Peak
Pressure, °ATDC 9
% diff
Actual
Air Manifold Temperature, "F Target
% diff
Actual
Jacket Water Temperature, °F Target
% diff
Horsepower bhp
Fuel Flow Rate scfh
Higher Heating Value Btu/cf
Heat Rate MMBtu/hr
Dry Fuel Factor, Fd dscf/MMBtu
RunIA
300
300
0%
7723
7720
0.0%
0.33
0.33
-1.4%
19.2
18.0
7%
111
110
0.1%
164
165
-0.5%
441
3672
1072
3.94
8664
Run 2-7
299
300
0%
5285
5404
-2.2%
0.27
0.33
-19.7%
18.5
18.0
3%
109
110
-0.1%
165
165
0.0%
302
2835
1090
3.09
8672
Run 3
269
270
0%
5286
5404
-2.2%
0.25
0.33
-23.6%
18.2
18.0
1%
110
110
0.0%
164
165
-0.5%
272
2491
1090
2.72
8672
Run 4
270
270
0%
7324
7720
-5.1%
0.32
0.33
-2.8%
17.2
18.0
-4%
110
110
0.0%
165
165
0.0%
377
3279
1032
3.38
8661
RunS
300
300
0%
7731
7720
0.1%
0.30
0.30
-0.4%
18.7
18.0
4%
111
110
0.1%
164
165
-0.4%
441
3661
1072
3.92
8664
Run 6
300
300
0%
7727
7720
0.1%
0.34
0.36
-6.4%
18.0
18.0
0%
110
110
0.0%
164
165
-0.5%
442
3646
1072
3.91
8664
Run 8
270
270
0%
7360
7720
-4.7%
0.27
0.30
-8.9%
18.0
18.0
0%
110
110
0.0%
165
165
-0.3%
378
3130
1072
3.35
8664
Run9A
299
300
0%
7728
7720
0.1%
0.33
0.33
0.3%
18.0
18.0
0%
92
90
0.3%
165
165
0.0%
441
3626
1090
3.95
8672
Run 10
299
300
0%
7729
7720
0.1%
0.32
0.33
-2.0%
18.3
18.0
2%
130
130
0.0%
165
165
-0.1%
442
3674
1090
4.01
8672
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
3-7
July 2000
-------
TABLE 3.4 (CONCLUDED)
SUMMARY OF ENGINE PARAMETERS - COOPER BESSEMER GMV-4-TF
Run ID
Actual
Engine Speed, rpm Target
% diff
Actual
Engine Torque ft-lb Target
% diff
Actual
Equivalence Ratio, 41 (= 1/%EA) Target
% diff
Actual
Timing, Location of Peak Taraet
Pressure, "ATDC 9
% diff
Actual
Air Manifold Temperature, *F Target
% diff
Actual
Jacket Water Temperature, °F Target
%diff
Horsepower bhp
Fuel Flow Rate scfh
Higher Heating Value Btu/cf
Heat Rate MMBtu/hr
Dry Fuel Factor, Fd dscf/MMBtu
Run 11
270
270
0%
7356
7720
-4.7%
0.30
0.33
-9.9%
18.9
18.0
5%
110
110
0.1%
154
155
-0.5%
378
3277
1032
3.38
8661
Run 12
270
270
0%
7349
7720
-4.8%
0.29
0.33
-11.6%
18.7
18.0
4%
110
110
0.1%
175
175
-0.3%
378
3271
1032
3.38
8661
Run 13
300
300
0%
7727
7720
0.1%
0.33
0.33
-1.5%
21.3
21.0
1%
110
110
0.1%
164
165
-0.6%
441
3727
1072
3.99
8664
Run 14
300
300
0%
7728
7720
0.1%
0.32
0.33
-1.7%
16.9
16.9
0%
110
110
0.0%
164
165
-0.4%
441
3585
1072
3.84
8664
Run 15
299
300
0%
7729
7720
0.1%
0.32
0.33
-3.5%
19.0
18.0
6%
111
110
0.1%
165
165
0.0%
442
3715
1090
4.05
8672
Run 16
299
300
0%
7731
7720
0.1%
0.33
0.33
-1.4%
19.0
18.0
6%
111
110
0.1%
164
165
-0.6%
442
3713
1090
4.05
8672
PAH1
270
270
0%
7326
7720
-5.1%
0.33
0.33
-0.7%
17.1
18.0
-5%
110
110
0.0%
165
165
0.0%
377
3277
1032
3.38
8661
270
270
0%
7341
7720
-4.9%
0.29
0.33
-13.1%
18.9
18.0
5%
110
110
0.1%
165
165
-0.2%
377
3300
1032
3.41
8661
270
300
-10%
7353
7720
-4.8%
0.29
0.33
-10.8%
18.8
18.0
4%
110
110
•0.1%
164
165
-0.4%
378
3274
1032
3.38
8661
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
3-8
July 2000
-------
TABLE 3.5
SUMMARY OF ENGINE PARAMETERS DURING BASELINE RUNS
Run ID
Actual
Engine Speed, rpm
Deviation 1
Actual
Engine Torque, ft-lb
Deviation
Actual
Air/Fuel Ratio
Deviation
Timing, Location of Peak Actual
Pressure, °ATDC Deviation
Actual
Air Manifold Temperature, "F
Deviation
Actual
Jacket Water Temperature, °F
Deviation
Actual
Oil Temperature, °F
Deviation
Actual
Air Manifold Pressure, in. Hg
Deviation
Exhaust Manifold Pressure, in. Actual
Hg Deviation
Actual
Inlet Air Humidity, ib H2O/lb air
Deviation
Actual
Fuel Flow, scfh
Deviation
Actual
Oil Pressure, psig
Deviation
Actual
Inlet Air Flow, scfh
Deviation
Actual
Exhaust Temperature, °F
Deviation
Baseline 1
299
-0.33%
7724
0.05%
41.51
-1.2%
18.5
2.7%
110
0.00%
165
0.00%
155
0.00%
7.76
3.5%
5.00
0.00%
0.01508
0.53%
3786
3.7%
27.59
-1.5%
1716
4.0%
694
-0.86%
Baseline 2
300
0.33%
7723
-0.01%
42.08
1.4%
18.4
-0.32%
110
0.00%
164
-0.61%
155
0.00%
7.75
-0.13%
5.00
0.00%
0.01497
-0.73%
3770
-0.42%
26.59
-3.6%
1734
1.0%
721
3.9%
Baseline 3
299
0.00%
7751
0.35%
42.40
2.1%
18.7
1.4%
110
0.00%
165
0.00%
154
-0.65%
7.74
-0.26%
4.97
-0.60%
0.01532
1.6%
3814
0.74%
32.47
18%
1767
3.0%
700
0.86%
Baseline 4
300
0.33%
7724
0.00%
42.55
2.5%
18.9
2.0%
110
0.00%
164
-0.61%
155
0.00%
7.75
-0.13%
4.99
-0.20%
0.01481
-1.8%
3873
2.3%
30.78
12%
1801
5.0%
692
-0.29%
1 Deviation for Baseline Run No. 1 is calculated with respect the manufacturer's recommended engine operating parameters.
For Baseline Run Nos. 2, 3, and 4, deviation is calculated with respect to the results of Baseline Run No. 1
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
3-9
July 2000
-------
4.0 SAMPLING LOCATIONS
Figure 4.1 presents a schematic drawing of the exhaust gas piping on the GMV-4-TF
engine. The exhaust piping consisted of a 12-inch internal diameter (ID) pipe that connected
the engine exhaust manifold to the catalyst. A second section of 12-inch pipe connected the
catalyst outlet to the exhaust silencer.
The sampling location before the catalyst consisted of several sets of sampling ports
used for isokinetic sampling, velocity traverses, and extraction of sample gas for the FTIRS,
CEM and GCMS systems. CARB 429 sampling before the catalyst was conducted using two
sample ports. One port, which was a 3-in ID port, was used for the CARB Method 429
sample probe. The second port (1-inch ID) was used for velocity traverses before and after
each test run. The nearest upstream disturbance from the isokinetic sampling port was
56 inches (4.58 diameters) upstream of the port. The disturbance consisted of a 90° pipe
elbow connecting the exhaust pipe to the engine's exhaust manifold. A flange, which
connected two sections of the exhaust pipe, was 23 inches upstream of the 3-inch ports, but
was not considered a flow disturbance. The nearest downstream disturbance from the 3-inch
port was another 90° pipe elbow, which was 52 inches (4.33 diameters) downstream of the
3-inch port. The nearest upstream disturbance from the 1-inch port, which was used for
velocity traverses, was the 90° pipe elbow that was 81.5 inches (6.79 diameters) upstream.
The nearest disturbance downstream of the 1-inch port was the second 90° pipe elbow, found
26.5 inches (2.21 diameters) downstream of the 1-inch sample port. PES conducted
isokinetic and velocity traverses through the horizontal ports using a twelve-point traverse
matrix. The sample point locations are presented in Figure 4.2 for the sampling locations
before and after the catalyst.
Multiple ports were also installed on the pipe after the catalyst. A 3-inch ID sample
port, located 9 inches downstream of the CARB 429 port, was used for the CARB 429
sample probe, and a 1-inch sample port, was used for velocity traverses. The nearest
upstream disturbance from the 3-inch ID sample port was the catalyst outlet, which was
96.5 inches (8.04 diameters) upstream of the port. The nearest downstream disturbance from
the 3-inch sample port was a 90° pipe elbow upstream of the exhaust silencer. The exact
distance to the pipe elbow could not be measured because the elbow was not accessible from
the roof. The elbow was greater than 89 inches (7.4 diameters) downstream of the 3-inch
sample port used for CARB sampling. The nearest upstream disturbance from the 1 -inch
port used for velocity traverses was the catalyst exit. The exit was 105.5 inches (8.79
diameters) upstream of the port. The 90° pipe elbow was greater than 80 inches
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 4-1 July 2000
-------
(6.67 diameters) downstream of the 1-inch sample port. PES used a four-point traverse
matrix for both the CARB 429 and the velocity sampling at this location. All four sample
points were on the horizontal traverse line.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 4-2 July 2000
-------
c
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CO
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CM '
1
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CM
1
1
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1
1
/
/-'
M" 12" 48"
^l M *• '
/ O O
1
/^ DO
O
0
/
i
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24"
r
L-
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Catalyst
3 1" ports
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—
53" 11" 32.5" 9" 34.5" 46"
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Figure 4.1 Sample Port Locations for Velocity, CARB 429, FTIRS, CEMS, AND GCMS Sampling
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
4-3
July 2000
-------
Catalyst Inlet
Traverse
Point
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Distance
from inside
wall (in.)
01/2
0 13/16
1 7/16
21/8
3
41/4
73/4
9
97/8
109/16
11 3/16
11 1/2
Catalyst Outlet
Traverse
Point
Number
Distance
from inside
wall (in.)
1
2
3
4
03/16
3
9
11 3/16
Figure 4.2 Sample Point Locations for Velocity and CARB 429 Sampling
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
4-4
July 2000
-------
5.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS METHODS
This section discusses the various sampling and analysis methods employed by PES,
EMI, and EECL to quantify the HAP emission rates before and after the oxidation catalyst.
PES selected the sampling and analysis procedures that would provide the information
required by during the planning stages of the project. The methods were selected to provide
the required data in the most economical fashion, while providing the quality required by
Emissions Standards Division (BSD).
PES divided these methods into two categories based upon quality control procedures
employed. Type I methods were typical source test methods, designed by EPA to be
portable, field test procedures. PES and the subcontractors followed QA and calibration
procedures described in 40 CFR 60, Appendix A (or other references as appropriate) for these
methods.
Type II methods were those that used permanently installed instruments housed in a
temperature-controlled environment and operated in the same fashion as continuous monitors
used by industry to show compliance with emission regulations. Because these instruments
are maintained in a laboratory-type environment (the control room at EECL), fewer QA
activities and calibrations adequately show their continuing accuracy. The only significant
change to the quality assurance activities was that fewer instrument calibrations were done to
quantify instrument drift. Historical calibration data for the instruments shows their stable
operation over extended, e.g., 24-hour, periods. Multipoint calibrations were conducted
(including the sampling system bias checks) on these instruments once at the beginning of
each engine test.
Table 5.1 summarizes the parameters measured, the sampling methods, the
classification, and measurement principle. The text that follows presents brief descriptions of
the sampling and analysis procedures used.
5.1 LOCATION OF MEASUREMENT SITES AND SAMPLE/VELOCITY
TRAVERSE POINTS
PES used EPA Method 1, "Sample and Velocity Traverses for Stationary Sources," to
select the measurement sites for velocity traverses and CARB 429 sampling up- and
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 5-1 July 2000
-------
TABLE 5.1
SUMMARY OF SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS METHODS
Parameter
Sample Point Location
Velocity and Volumetric Flow
Volumetric Flow
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
Moisture
Nitrogen Oxides
Carbon Monoxide
Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde,
Acrolein
1,3 -Butadiene, Hexane,
Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl
benzene, Xylenes, Styrene
Methane
Non-methane hydrocarbons
Total Hydrocarbons
Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
Test Method
EPA Method 1
EPA Method 2C
EPA Method 19
EPA Method 3A
EPA Method 4
GRI Protocol1
Carbon Balance2
EPA Method 7E
EPA Method 10
GRI Protocol
Alternate Method 17
EPA Method 25A (modified)
EPA Method 25A (modified)
EPA Method 25A
CARB 429
QA Category
Type I
Type I
Type II
Type II
Type I
Type I
Type I
Type II
Type II
Type II
Type I
Type II
Type II
Type II
Type I
Measurement
Principle
Linear Measurement
Differential Pressure
Stoichiometry
Paramagnetic and
Non-dispersive
Infrared Analyzers
Gravimetric
FTIRS Analyzer
Stoichiometry
Chemiluminescent
Analyzer
GFC/NDIR Analyzer
FTIRS Analyzer
Gas Chromatograph
w/ Mass Spectrometer
Detector
GC-FID Analyzer
GC-FID Analyzer
FID Analyzer
Low Resolution
GCMS
1 Measurement of Select Hazardous Air Pollutants, Criteria Pollutants, and Moisture Using Fourier
Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Presented as an Appendix to Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIRS) Method Validation at a Natural Gas-Fired Internal Combustion Engine (GRI-95/0271),
Gas Research Institute, December 1995.
2 Derivation of General Equation for Obtaining Engine Exhaust Emissions on a Mass Basis Using the
"Total Carbon" Method.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
5-2
July 2000
-------
downstream of the catalyst. PES used the cyclonic flow check procedure outlined in
Method 1 to evaluate the suitability of the inlet location for isokinetic sampling. The
measurement sites are discussed in Section 4.0.
5.2 DETERMINATION OF STACK GAS VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE
PES used two methods to calculate the volumetric flow of the stack gas up- and
downstream of the catalyst. During the PAH runs, Method 2C was used in direct support of
the CARB 429 sampling. The mass flow rates of the PAH compounds and the run-by-run
detection limits are calculated using the results of these velocity traverses. Method 19 was
used to calculate the volumetric flow rate of the exhaust gases for Runs 1A through 16 and
during the PAH runs. The mass flow rates of pollutants measured by CEMS, GCMS, and
FTIRS were calculated using the Method 19 flow data.
PES used EPA Method 2C, "Determination of Stack Gas Velocity and Volumetric
Flow Rate in Small Stacks or Ducts (Standard Pitot Tube)," to determine stack gas velocity
during CARB 429 sampling. The test crew used a standard pitot tube, constructed according
to specifications of Section 2.7 of Method 2 and having a coefficient (Cp) of 0.99. The pitot
tube was connected to an inclined/vertical manometer and the Ap measured at each traverse
point. Stack gas temperature was measured using a Type-K thermocouple. The average
stack gas velocity was calculated from the average of the square roots of the Ap values, the
average stack gas temperature, the stack gas molecular weight, and the absolute stack
pressure. The volumetric flow rate is the product of velocity and the stack cross-sectional
area of the duct at the sampling location. PES conducted a velocity traverse using the
standard pitot tube before each run and adjusted the sampling rate of the CARB 429 train
based upon these data. PES employed this approach with the approval of the WAM. Access
to the sampling locations was severely restricted due to the short runs of exhaust piping and
the profusion of sampling probes required during each sampling run.
EPA Method 19, "Determination of Sulfur Dioxide Removal Efficiency and
Particulate Matter, Sulfur Dioxide, and Nitrogen Oxides Emissions Rates," uses a fuel factor
to calculate the volume of combustion products generated upon combustion of specific fuel
types. EECL personnel analyzed a sample of the natural gas fuel during each day of testing.
The results of the compositional analysis were used to calculate the higher heating value and
oxygen-based F-factor, Fd. The EECL Engine Control and Monitoring System recorded
stack gas O2 concentrations and the fuel consumption rate during testing. These data were
used to calculate the exhaust gas flow rates by multiplying the fuel consumption by the fuel
factor and correcting for excess air. Exhaust gas flow rates were calculated before and after
the catalyst for each run. The natural gas heating values and the calculated F-factors used
for each test run are presented in Table 2.2.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 5-3 July 2000
-------
5.3 DETERMINATION OF STACK GAS DRY OXYGEN AND CARBON
DIOXIDE CONTENT
EECL used EPA Method 3 A, "Determination of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
Concentrations in Emissions from Stationary Sources (Instrumental Analyzer Procedure)," to
measure oxygen and carbon dioxide content of the exhaust gas during testing. EECL's
sample gas extraction and transport system extracted a gas sample from the exhaust gas
stream. The sample was conditioned to remove moisture and entrained particulate matter and
directed the Rosemount NGA-2000 gas analysis system. Oxygen was measured using the
paramagnetic detection principle. Carbon dioxide was measured using and non-dispersive
infrared (NDIR) analyzer. The oxygen and carbon dioxide monitors were calibrated with a
pre-purified zero gas and three upscale gas standards corresponding to approximately 30, 55,
and 85 percent of the instruments' analytical ranges. EECL used only EPA Protocol gas
standards certified by the gas manufacturer. The calibration gases that were used and the
calibration responses of the instruments are discussed in Section 6.0 of this document. A
schematic diagram of the CEMS/FTIRS sampling and analysis system is presented in
Figure 5.1.
5.4 DETERMINATION OF STACK GAS MOISTURE CONTENT
PES and EECL used three methods to determine the moisture concentration in the
exhaust gas before and after the catalyst. During the PAH runs, Method 4 was used in direct
support of the CARB 429 sampling. During the CEMS/GCMS/FTIRS runs, moisture was
measured using the FTIRS upstream of the catalyst, and by a carbon balance calculation
downstream from the catalyst. During the testing, EECL personnel determined that the
moisture concentrations after the catalyst, as measured by the Nicolet Magna 560 FTIRS
analyzer, were about 6 percent higher than actual. EECL calculated the moisture
concentration after the catalyst using a carbon balance method.
PES used EPA Method 4, "Determination of Moisture Content in Stack Gases," to
measure the flue gas moisture content during the CARB 429 sampling. The gas sample was
extracted from the exhaust pipe and pulled through an impinger train chilled by an ice bath.
The field technicians weighed the impinger train (including the XAD®-2 sorbent trap) before
and after sampling. PES then calculated the quantity of water collected in the train and the
moisture content of the stack gas.
EECL used methodology described in the document "Measurement of Select
Hazardous Air Pollutants, Criteria Pollutants, and Moisture Using Fourier Transform
Infrared (FTIRS) Spectroscopy"io measure moisture concentrations upstream of the catalyst
This document is referred to in this report as the GRI Protocol, and is presented as
Appendix B of a report published by the Gas Research Institute: "Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIRS) Method Validation at a Natural Gas-Fired Internal Combustion
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 5-4 July 2000
-------
Engine." A sample of the gas was extracted from the exhaust and directed to a Nicolet Rega
7000 FTIRS analyzer to measure the moisture concentration in the exhaust gas. The gas
sample was filtered to remove entrained particulate matter and transported to the analyzer via
a heated Teflon sampling line. Further discussion of the FTIRS sampling and analysis
method may be found in the report generated by the EECL and the GRI protocol, which is
contained in Appendix D.
Because the FTIRS analyzer downstream of the catalyst did not measure the moisture
concentration accurately, EECL used a carbon balance method to calculate the moisture
present in the gas stream downstream of the catalyst. The method used is discussed in the
EECL report in Appendix A.
5.5 DETERMINATION OF NITROGEN OXIDES
EPA Method 7E, "Determination of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Stationary
Sources (Instrumental Analyzer Procedure)," determined nitrogen oxide content of the
exhaust gases. These tests also provided the data needed to do the EPA Method 301
validation of the FTIRS for NOX emissions from this source. A gas sample was extracted
from the exhaust gas stream, conditioned to remove moisture, and the nitrogen oxide
concentration determined by an instrumental analyzer. The measurement principle for oxides
of nitrogen is chemiluminescence. The NOX monitor was calibrated with a pre-purified zero
gas, and three upscale gas standards corresponding to approximately 30, 55, and 85 percent
of the instruments analytical ranges. EECL used EPA Protocol gas standards certified by the
gas manufacturer. The calibration gases that were used and the calibration responses of the
instruments are discussed in Section 6.0 of this document. A schematic diagram of the
CEMS/FTIRS sampling and analysis system is presented in Figure 5.1.
5.6 DETERMINATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE
EPA Method 10, "Determination of Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Stationary
Sources," measured CO concentration of the exhaust gas during the testing. These tests also
provided the data needed to do the EPA Method 301 validation of the FTIRS sampling and
analysis system for CO emissions from this source. A gas sample was extracted from the
exhaust gas stream, conditioned to remove moisture, and the carbon monoxide concentration
determined by an instrumental analyzer. The measurement principle for carbon monoxide is
GFC/NDIR. The CO monitor was calibrated using a pre-purified zero gas and three upscale
gas standards corresponding to approximately 30, 55 and 85 percent of the instrument's
analytical range. All gas standards used for calibrations were prepared according to EPA
Protocol 1 and certified by the gas manufacturer. The calibration gases that were used and
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 5-5 July 2000
-------
on
Miratech
Oxidation
Catalyst
Exhaust
Flow
Heated Sample Line
Heated Sample Line
Nicole! Magna 560
FTIR Analyzer
CH./NMHC Analyzer
THC Analyzer
CO Analyzer
NO, Analyzer
Oj/CO, Analyzer
A A
Calibration Gas Cylinders
OJCO, Analyzer
NO, Analyzer
CO Analyzer
THC Analyzer
CH/NMHC Analyzer
Nicolet Rega 7000
FTIR Analyzer
Figure 5.1. Schematic Diagram of EECL CEMS/FTIRS Sampling and Analysis System
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
5-6
July 2000
-------
the calibration responses of the instruments are discussed in Section 6.0 of this document. A
schematic diagram of the CEMS/FTIRS sampling and analysis system is presented in
Figure 5.1.
5.7 DETERMINATION OF METHANE AND NON-METHANE
HYDROCARBONS
A modification of EPA Method 25 A, "Determination of Total Gaseous Organic
Concentration Using a Flame lonization Analyzer," determined the methane and non-
methane concentrations at the inlet and the outlet of the catalyst. Gas samples extracted from
each gas stream were transported to MSA 103 OH Methane/Non-Methane Analyzers. These
analyzers are single-purpose gas chromatographs that separate methane from the other
organic compounds in the sample by passing the sample through a separation column. The
methane elutes from the column first and is directed to the flame ionization detector. Then,
the analyzer reverses the flow through the column and the remaining organic compounds are
back flushed to the same detector. The analyzer sums the two fractions to yield the
concentration of total organic compounds. Because this unit is a gas chromatograph, it
cannot measure methane and non-methane concentrations continuously. During testing, each
analyzer determined concentrations once every five minutes. This frequency is sufficient for
testing on RICE because the operating conditions were maintained within close constraints.
Each analyzer was calibrated before the test program using methane and propane calibration
standards corresponding to approximately 30, 50, and 85 percent of the instrument span. The
calibration gases that were used and the calibration responses of the instruments are
discussed in Section 6.0 of this document. A schematic diagram of the CEMS/FTIRS
sampling and analysis system is presented in Figure 5.1.
5.8 DETERMINATION OF GASEOUS ORGANIC HAPS USING FTIRS
EECL used two FTIRS systems that met the sampling and analysis requirements set
forth in the GRI Protocol. EPA has approved the methodology outlined in the GRI protocol
for use on natural-gas-fired reciprocating internal combustion engines on July 21, 1995. The
extractive FTIRS continuously extracts a sample gas from the stack, transports the sample to
the FTIRS system, and does spectral analysis of the sample gas. The computer system
analyzes sample gas spectra for target analytes continuously and archives them for possible
later re-analysis.
The sampling and measurement system consists of the following components:
• heated probe;
• heated filter;
• heat-traced Teflon® sample line;
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 5-7 July 2000
-------
• Teflon® coated, heated-head sample pump;
• FTIRS spectrometer; and
• QA/QC apparatus.
EECL validated each sample extraction and analysis system for formaldehyde,
acetaldehyde, and acrolein before testing. The results of the FTIRS validation are discussed
in Section 6. The basic sampling procedure consisted of EEGL taking an initial
interferogram of the stack gas with the FTIRS measurement and analysis system before each
test to describe the sample matrix. This measured the concentrations of moisture and the
target pollutants and allowed for adjustments to the cell pathlength and the spectral analysis
regions if the concentrations differ from expectations. Sample conditioning was not
necessary at the EECL test site.
After QA/QC procedures and initial adjustments were completed for a given test day,
a gas sample was drawn continuously through the heated FTIRS cell while the system
collected spectral data. The FTIRS systems collected data simultaneously with the other
continuous monitors and with the manual train sampling for PAHs during CARS 429 runs.
The spectrometer collected one complete spectrum of the sample, as an interferogram, per
second and averaged interferograms over 1-minute periods. The FTIRS computer converted
these time-integrated interferogram into conventional wave number spectra, analyzed for the
target compounds and archived the data. Sample collection was 33 minutes in duration,
coinciding with the test runs.
5.9 DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC HAPS BY DIRECT INTERFACE GCMS
EMI conducted direct interface GC/MS sampling using EPA Alternate Method 17,
"Determination of Gaseous Organic Compounds by Direct Interface GC/MS." The sampling
and analytical procedures used during this testing program followed those detailed in the
method, which is presented in Appendix D of this document. The instrument was calibrated
specifically for this test project using a manufacturer's certified compressed gas mixture of
nine target analytes (benzene, toluene, o, m, p-xylenes, styrene, ethyl benzene, 1,3-butadiene,
and hexane). The instrument was also calibrated for all compounds identified in Section 1 of
the method approximately one month before this test; this calibration was used to identify
additional potential analytes not specific to this test program. Run-by-run detection limits for
the GCMS compounds are presented in Section 6 of this document.
Effluent gas samples were withdrawn at a constant flow rate from a single point near
the center of the duct. Effluent was withdrawn at approximately 1.5 liters per minute through
the sampling system for no less than 5 minutes before sample acquisition. This conditioning
period serves to equilibrate fully all of the sampling system components. EMI estimated that
the gas residence time through the sampling system at this flow rate is less than 1 minute.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 5-8 July 2000
-------
Figure 5.2 presents a schematic of the GCMS measurement system(s) used during the test
program.
Exhaust gas samples were acquired simultaneously from the catalyst inlet and outlet
sampling locations. A total of four samples was acquired from each location for each of the
designated engine test runs. The run duration was approximately 30 minutes. For the test
runs where PAH sampling trains were run, each GCMS measurement system acquired as
many samples as possible during the run duration.
The GCMS instrumentation was operated using a non-evaporative getter (NEG) pump
to maintain the requisite high internal vacuum needed to generate mass spectra. Internal
standards were co-added with every effluent sample in the GC sample loop before injection
into the GC. The internal standards used were 1,3,5-trifluoromethyl benzene (TRIS) and
bromopentafluoro benzene (BPFB). These compounds are not usually found in industrial
processes. They were used to tune the mass spectrometer, to assess the stability and
performance of the GCMS on each sample run, and to determine adherence to the method
QA/QC. The GC was operated isothermally at 60°C to separate and detect the target
analytes. The mass spectrometer was operated in a limited full scan mode (a 45-125 amu).
All internal GCMS components were maintained at 60°C. The procedures detailed in the
Alternate Method 17 were followed for this testing program.
Before the test program, instrument calibrations were conducted at the EMI
laboratory using a limited full scan mode of mass spectrometer operation (from 45 to
125 amu). The limited full scan mode of operation allowed for the lowest possible detection
limits for the specific target analytes while still generating all of the fragments in each target
compound's mass spectrum in every run. The calibration curve prepared in the EMI
laboratory was used to quantify all QA and effluent samples acquired in the field.
Establishing a valid calibration curve requires a 20 percent relative standard deviation
(%RSD) for each individual analyte over the calibration range.
Calibrations were done by conducting two successive GCMS runs at each of
4 concentration levels: 10 ppm, 3 ppm, 1 ppm, and 300 ppb. Section 10 of the method
describes the procedures used to calculate the %RSD for each analyte. Four calibration
points were used instead of the three specified by the method in order to obtain a wider
dynamic calibration range, particularly for 1,3-butadiene and hexane (whose Detection
Limits are higher than the other target analytes). The calibration and internal standards used
for this testing were certified by the manufacturers.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 5-9 July 2000
-------
Heated Probe 250°F
Sample Line Heated to 300°F
Probe Box Heated to 250°F
Sample Gas
(1.5 1pm constant
rate sampling)
Excess Sample Atmospheric Vent
Mass Flow Meter •
Mass Flow Meter •
w
8
Condenser Bypass
Flow Control
Connection Line
250 cc/min during GC-MS
sample acquisition)
Condenser
Flow Control
Condenser
System
GC-MS
Analyzer
Control Box Heated to 125°F
(or at least 5°F above saturation
temperature of sample gas)
Figure 5.2 Schematic of GCMS Sampling and Analysis System
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer-GMV-4-TF
5-10
July 2000
-------
5.10 DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS BY
CARB 429
PES used CARB Method 429, "Determination ofPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
(PAH) Emissions from Stationary Sources," to quantify PAH concentrations and emission
rates before and after the catalyst. Sample run times were 120 minutes in duration. The test
plan specified that the PAH tests consist of three sampling runs at the engine operational
condition that exhibited the highest emissions of BTEX compounds as measured by the
GCMS apparatus. The GCMS data collected before the PAH runs showed that BTEX
emissions were close to the analyte detection limits for most of the conditions, so PAH
testing was conducted at four different operational conditions. The first CARB 429 run was
conducted while the engine was run at Test Condition 4 and the second run was conducted
while the engine was run at Test Condition 8. During the third run, the engine was operated
at Test Condition 12 for the first part of the run and at Test Condition 13 for the second part
of the run. The difference in conditions was target temperature of the jacket cooling water,
which was not expected to affect formation of PAHs. The PAH testing was conducted in this
fashion to make up for delays during earlier phases of the test program. Figure 5.3 presents a
schematic diagram of the CARB 429 sample train.
PES field technicians recovered the CARB Method 429 sample train as described by
CARB Method 429. Method 429 specifies that sample recovery rinses be done with acetone,
hexane, and methylene chloride. PES collected blank samples of reagent grade water,
acetone, hexane, methylene chloride, unused filters, and XAD®-2 resin cartridges used during
the test program. The sample recovery apparatus consisted of pre-cleaned Teflon® or glass.
Field technicians performed three acetone rinses, three hexane rinses, and three methylene
chloride rinses of each sample train component from the nozzle to the front half of the filter.
They also rinsed the back half of the filter holder, the connector, and the condenser three
times with acetone. They soaked the back half of the filter holder, connector, and condenser
three times with acetone, hexane, and methylene chloride, for five minutes each time. PES
provided pre-cleaned amber glass sample bottles with Teflon seals for the recovery of solvent
rinses.
After sampling and recovery, the CARB .429 sample fractions were stored on ice and
transported by PES personnel from Fort Collins, Colorado to PES' laboratory facilities in
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The sample bottles were examined for breakage and
sample loss. The samples were then transferred by PES personnel to ERG laboratory
facilities in Morrisville, North Carolina for sample extraction and analysis. ERG extracted
the sample fractions for each PAH sampling run with methylene chloride, then combined the
extracts. The 6 extracts (3 inlet samples and 3 outlet samples) were concentrated to a volume
of about 15 ml using a Kuderna-Danish flask, then evaporated to dryness using a nitrogen
blowdown apparatus. The extracts were each reconstituted with 1 ml hexane before analysis
using a gas chromatograph with a low resolution mass spectrometer. ERG's analytical report
for the PAH samples is attached in Appendix C.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 5-11 July 2000
-------
Stack
Wall
Temp.
Readout
Pitot
Manometer
Oven
Cyclone (Optional)
Filter Assembly
Heated Probe,
S-type Pitot
&Temp. Sensor
Sorbent Module
(water cooled)
Orifice
Orifice
Manometer
Thermocouple
Dry Gas
Meter
Impingersin Ice Bath:
Bypass
Valve
Main
Valve
Pump
Figure 5.3. Schematic Diagram of CARS 429 PAH Sampling Train
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
5-12
July 2000
-------
6.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL
PROCEDURES AND RESULTS
Summarized in this section are the specific QA/QC procedures that PES, EECL,
EMI, and ERG personnel employed during the performance of this source testing program.
PES' quality assurance program was based upon the procedures and guidelines contained in
the "Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems, Volume III,
Stationary Source Specific Methods," EPA/600/R-94/038c, as well as in the test methods.
These procedures ensure the collection, analysis, and reporting of reliable source test data.
6.1 FTIRS QA/QC PROCEDURES
EECL calibrated the FTIRS instruments before each engine test series and at the
beginning and end of each test day. The calibration procedures employed were consistent
with procedures found in the following documents:
Gas Research Institute Report Number GRI-95/0271 entitled, "Fourier Transform
Infrared (FTIRS) Method Validation at a Natural Gas-Fired Internal Combustion
Engine"
This report was prepared for the Gas Research Institute by Radian Corporation.
Included as appendices are two additional documents, which also have relevance in the test
program:
"Measurement of Select Hazardous Air Pollutants, Criteria Pollutants, and Moisture
Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIRS) Spectroscopy" - Prepared by Radian
International for the Gas Research Institute.
"Protocol for Performing Extractive FTIRS Measurements to Characterize Various
Gas Industry Sources for Air Toxics" - Prepared by Radian International for the Gas
Research Institute.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 6-1 July 2000
-------
6.1.1 FTIRS System Preparation
Both FTIRS sampling systems (before and after the catalyst) were subjected to an
EPA Method 301 validation process for formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein. The
validation process quantified the precision and accuracy of each FTIRS analyzer for these
compounds. Besides the validation program, EECL personnel performed the following
calibration procedures before each engine test series.
1. Source Evaluation - Initial source data were acquired to verify concentration
ranges of target compounds and possible interferences. This was completed
before and during the Method 301 validation process for formaldehyde,
acetaldehyde, and acrolein, and during the test program for moisture.
2. Sample System Leak Check - A leak check was done on the portions of the
system between the sample filter and the pump outlet. A rotameter was connected
to the discharge side of the sample pump. The indicated sample flow rate was
recorded while the sample system operating at typical temperatures and pressures
(the sample pump pulled a slight vacuum on the suction side). The inlet was
closed off just downstream of the sample probe. A rotameter monitored the flow
rate. A leak rate of 4% or less of the standard sampling rate of 500 ml/min
indicated an acceptable leak check.
3. Analyzer Leak Check - Both FTIRS analyzers were checked to ensure that they
were operating at normal operating temperatures and pressures. The operating
pressures were recorded. The automatic pressure control device was disabled and
the inlet to the FTIRS was closed. The cell was evacuated to 20% or less of the
normal operating pressure. After the cell was evacuated, it was isolated and the
cell pressure was monitored with a dedicated pressure sensor. The leak rate of the
measurement cell must be less than 10 Torr per minute for 1 minute for the
analyzer leak to be considered acceptable.
4. Cell Pathlength Determination - The FTIRS cell pathlengths were to be
determined using the procedure outlined in the Field Procedure Section the
document entitled u Protocol for Performing Extractive FTIRS Measurements to
Characterize Various Gas Industry Sources for Air Toxics." Because each FTIRS
was a fixed pathlength unit (i.e., the pathlengths were not adjustable)
measurements of the cell pathlengths were deemed unnecessary. The cell
pathlengths specified by the manufacturer were used in the measurement
algorithms.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 6-2 July 2000
-------
6.1.2 FTIRS Daily Calibrations and OA Procedures
Before each day of testing, EECL personnel calibrated each FTIRS system following
the procedures outlined below.
1. Instrument Stabilization - Each of the following components were checked for
proper operation to ensure the stability of the .operation of the FTIRS instruments:
a) Instrument heaters and temperature controllers.
b) Pressure sensors and pressure controllers.
c) Sample system (pump, filters, flow meters, and water knockouts).
2. The FTIRS analyzers were purged with conditioned air for a minimum of
30 minutes before conducting background spectrum analysis. During periods
when the instruments were in stand-by mode (i.e., between sampling runs or
between test days), they were maintained at normal operating temperatures and
purged with conditioned air.
3. Background Spectrum Procedures - Each instrument was allowed to stabilize
while being purged with Ultrahigh Purity (UHP) nitrogen for 10 minutes. The
FTIRS spectra were monitored during this time, until CO and H2O concentrations
reached a steady state. The following procedures were then done:
a) The interferogram signal was checked using signal alignment software.
b) A single beam spectrum was collected and inspected for irregularities.
c) Using the single beam spectrum, the detector was checked for non-linearity,
and corrected if necessary.
d) The instrument alignment procedure was done.
e) A background spectrum consisting of 256 scans was collected.
4. Analyzer Diagnostics - Analyzer diagnostics were done by analyzing a diagnostic
standard. The standard was a 109 ppm CO EPA Protocol gas standard. EECL
uses CO because it has distinct spectral features that are sensitive to variations in
system operation and performance. The standard was introduced directly into
each instrument, and instrument readings were allowed to stabilize a 5-minute
period. The accuracy and precision of each instrument were calculated. The
pass/fail criterion for accuracy and precision was 10% of the concentration of the
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 6-3 July 2000
-------
standard gas. A second diagnostic standard consisting of a blend of CO2, CO,
CH4 and NOX was analyzed using the same procedure. Each instrument met the
precision and accuracy requirements. Analyzer diagnostic data is presented in the
report generated by EECL
5. Indicator Check & Sample Integrity Check - An indicator check was done by
analyzing an indicator standard. A 10.66 ppm formaldehyde standard was
introduced directly into each instrument. The instrument readings were allowed
to stabilize and a 5-minute data set was collected. The indicator standard was
then introduced into the sample system at the sample probe, just upstream of the
filter. The instrument readings were allowed to stabilize and a 5-minute set of
data was collected. The accuracy, precision, and recovery were calculated based
on equations hi the document entitled "Protocol for Performing Extractive FTIRS
Measurements to Characterize Various Gas Industry Sources for Ah" Toxics",
prepared by Radian International for the Gas Research Institute. The pass/fail
criterion for accuracy, precision, and recovery is 100 ± 10% of the known
standard (recovery shall be 100 ± 10% of the instrument reading when the
indicator gas was introduced directly into the instrument.) Each instrument met
these criteria. Indicator check and sample integrity data sheets are included with
the EECL report.
6.1.3 Background Assessment
During data acquisition procedures, the baseline absorbance was continually
monitored. If at any time the baseline spectrum changed by more than 0.1 absorbance units,
the instrument's interferometer was realigned and a new background spectrum collected.
6.1.4 Post Test Checks
Upon completion of the daily test program steps 4 and 5 of the pre-test calibration
procedures were repeated. Both of the FTIRS analyzers met all of the acceptance criteria for
the calibration and QA procedures. Post test calibration data sheets are included in the EECL
report.
6.1.5 FTIRS Validation
Before the initiation of testing on the engine, both FTIRS sampling and analysis
systems were validated for formaldehyde, acrolein, and acetaldehyde. The validation was
conducted by personnel from ERG, using procedures outlined in EPA Method 301 "Field
Validation of Pollutant Measurement Methods from Various Waste Media." The validation
was conducted by means of a dynamic spiking the sample gas with known concentrations of
formaldehyde, acrolein, and acetaldehyde. The spike gas consisted of a compressed gas
cylinder containing a mixture of acrolein and acetaldehyde. Formaldehyde was added to the
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 6-4 July 2000
-------
mixture by injecting a stock formalin solution onto a heated block at a fixed rate. The
acrolein/acetaldehyde gas standard was used as a carrier gas for the vaporized formaldehyde.
The three-component mixture was injected into each FTIRS sampling system at a point
upstream of each system's filter. Further discussions of the validation procedures employed
may be found in the report generated by EECL.
6.1.6 FTIRS Detection Limits
Table 6.1 presents the in-stack detection limits for formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and
acrolein as reported by CSU EECL. These detection limits have been used to calculate the
run-by-run mass detection limits for each of the target pollutants.
6.2 CEMS QA/QC PROCEDURES
The following paragraphs describe the CEMS quality assurance procedures that
EECL personnel used during the test program. The calibration and QC frequencies far
exceeded those required for permanently-installed, compliance analyzers, but are less than
those specified for compliance tests by EPA (40 CFR 60, Appendix A). EECL operates their
CEMS in a way that is more similar to permanently-installed analyzers.
6.2.1 Analyzer Calibration Gases
EECL used EPA Protocol calibration gases. The calibration gases were manufactured
by Scott Specialty Gases. For this program, EPA Protocol 1 calibration gases (RATA Class)
were used. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde/acrolein standards with concentration ranges
between 5-20 ppm were obtained for FTIRS calibrations. These gases are not available as
EPA Protocol Gases, so EECL specified the highest quality available. Scott supplied
certification sheets, which may be found in the Appendices of EECL's test report.
6.2.2 Response Time Tests
Response time tests were done on each sample system before initiation of the engine
test program. The response time tests were performed before the FTIRS validation process
for each sampling system. The response time of the slowest responding analyzer (Questar
Baseline) was determined. Response time tests conducted at the EECL indicated sampling
system response times of 1:10 minutes. This is the time for the Rosemount Oxygen Analyzer
(the slowest responding continuous analyzer) to stabilize to response output of the analyzer.
The Questar Baseline Industries CH4/Non-CH4 analyzers have a minimum cycle time of
4:50 minutes. The overall response time for these analyzers when their cycle is started
1:10 minutes after a sample source change is 5:50 minutes. When the CH4/Non-CH4
analyzer cycle time was initiated at a sample source change, the overall response time was
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 6-5 July 2000
-------
9:00 minutes. The response time was tested to assure that the analyzers' response was for
exhaust gas entering the sample system from each of the test point conditions.
6.2.3 Analyzer Calibrations
Zero and mid-level span calibration procedures were done on the CO, CO2, O2, NOX,
and THC analyzers before each test day. Zero and span drift .checks were performed upon
completion of each data point and upon completion of each test day. A zero and mid-level
gas was introduced individually directly to the back of the analyzers before testing for carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, total hydrocarbons, Methane/Non-Methane, and oxides
of nitrogen. The analyzers output response was set to the appropriate levels. Each analyzer's
stable response was recorded. From this data a linear fit was developed for each analyzer.
The voltages for each analyzer were recorded and used in the following formula:
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 6-6 July 2000
-------
TABLE 6.1
DETECTION LIMITS OF FTTRS AND CEMS COMPOUNDS
Run ID
Run 1A
Run 2-7
Run 3
Run 4
RunS
Run 6
Run 8
RunSA
Run 10
Catalyst Inlet
i- ._,!._. mg/bhp-hr
Formaldehyde
mlb/hr
. . , . . . mg/bhp-hr
Acetaldehyde
mlb/hr
. , . mg/bhp-hr
Acrolem
mlb/hr
Nitrogen Oxides (as N02) 9/bhp~hr
Ib/hr
_ . ., . g/bhp-hr
Carbon Monoxide
Ib/hr
g/bhp-hr
Methane
IWhr
Q/bhp-hr
Non-methane Hydocarbons
Ib/hr
....... . g/bhp-hr
Total Hydrocarbons
Ib/hr
3.6
3.5
18
18
18
17
0.001
0.001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.03
0.0002
00002
5.4
3.6
27
18
25
16
0.002
0.001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.04
0.03
0.0003
00002
5.8
3.5
29
17
25
15
0.002
0.001
0.02
001
0.2
0.1
0.04
0.03
0.0003
0.0002
3.2
2.6 -
16
13
19
16
0.001
0.001
0.02
001
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.02
0.0002
0.0002
3.9
3.8
19
19
18
18
0.002
0.001
0.02
0.02
01
0.1
0.03
0.03
0.0002
0.0002
3.5
3.4
18
17
18
17
0.001
0.001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.03
0.0002
0.0002
4.5
3.8
23
19
20
16
0.002
0.001
0.02
0.02
01
0.1
0.03
0.03
0.0002
0.0002
3.3
3.2
16
16
15
15
0.001
0.001
0.02
0.02
0 1
01
0.03
0.03
0.0002
0.0002
3.4
3.3
17
17
17
16
0.001
0.001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.03
0.0002
0.0002
Catalyst Outlet
<- I., i. _. mg/bhp-hr
Formaldehyde , ^
mlb/hr
A i u u j mg/bhp-hr
Acetaldehyde
mlb/hr
. . . mg/bhp-hr
Acrdem
mlb/hr
Nitrogen Oxides (as NO2) 9/bhp"hr
Ib/hr
„ . .. , g/bhp-hr
Carbon Monoxide
Ib/hr
.. L. g/bhp-hr
Methane
Ib/hr
Q/bhp-hr
Non-methane Hydocarbons
Ib/hr
T * i u -• -i. g/bhp-hr
Total Hydrocarbons
Ib/hr
4.3
4.2
18
17
80
78
0.001
0.001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.03
003
0.0002
0.0002
5.6
3.7
23
15
98
65
0.002
0.001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.04
0,03
0.0003
0.0002
6.4
3.8
26
16
103
62
0.002
0001
003
0.02
0.2
0.1
0.04
0.03
0.0003
0.0002
4.2
3.5
17
14
79
65
0.001
0001
002
0.01
0 1
0.1
0.03
0.03
0.0002
00002
4.6
4.5
19
18
83
80
0.002
0.001
002
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.03
003
00002
0.0002
3.9
3.8
16
16
73
71
0.001
0.001
002
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.03
0.0002
0.0002
4.4
3.6
18
15
74
62
0.002
0.001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.03
0.0002
0.0002
3.6
3.5
15
14
65
63
0.001
0001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1-
0.03
003
0.0002
0.0002
39
38
16
16
72
70
0001
0001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.03
00002
0.0002
0fchp-hr - grams per brake horsepower hour
Whr - pounds per hour
mg/bhp-hr - mttgrams per brake horsepower hour
n\Ubhp-tv - rrifcpounds per brake horsepower hour
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
6-7
July 2000
-------
TABLE 6.1 (CONCLUDED)
DETECTION LIMITS OF FTIRS AND CEMS COMPOUNDS
Run ID
Run 11 Run 12
Run 13
Run 14
Run 15
Run 16
PAH1
PAH 2
PAHS
Catalyst Inlet
.... mg/bhp-hr
Formaldehyde
mlb/hr
mg/bhp-hr
Acetaldehyde
mlb/hr
mg/bhp-hr
Acrolein
mlb/hr
Nitrogen Oxides (as NO2) 9*hp"hr
Ib/hr
~ ^_ .. •_, g/bhp-hr
Carbon Monoxide
Ib/hr
g/bhp-hr
Methane
Ib/hr
g/bhp-hr
Non-methane Hydocarbon
Ib/hr
g/bhp-hr
Total Hydrocarbons
Ib/hr
3.6
3.0
18
15
19
16
0.002
0.001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.03
0.0002
0.0002
3.7
3.0
18
15
19
16
0.002
0.001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.03
00002
0.0002
3.9
3.8
20
19
18
18
0.001
0.001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.03
0.0002
0.0002
3.6
3.5
18
18
17
16
0.001
0.001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.03
0.0002
0.0002
3.5
3.4
18
17
18
18
0.001
0.001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.03
0.0002
0.0002
3.5
3.4
18
17
18
18
0.001
0.001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.03
0.0002
0.0002
3.0
2.5
16
13
18
15
0.001
0001
0.02
0.01
0.1
0.1
0.03
0,02
0.0002
0.0002
3.4
2.8
18
15
19
16
0.002
0.001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.03
0.0002
0.0002
3.3
2.7
18
15
18
15
0.002
0001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.03
0.0002
0.0002
Catalyst Outlet
mg/bhp-hr
Formaldehyde
mlb/hr
mg/bhp-hr
Acetaldenyde
mlb/hr
mg/bhp-hr
Acrolein
mlb/hr
Nitrogen Oxides (as NO2) 9/^hp"hr
Ib/hr
. . . . g/bhp-hr
Carbon Monoxide
Ib/hr
g/bhp-hr
Methane M ^
Ib/hr
g/bhp-hr
Non-methane Hydocarbon
Ib/hr
Total Hydrocarbons 9'bhp-hr
Ib/hr
4.5
3.7
18
15
82
69
0.002
0.001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.03
0.0002
0.0002
4.4
3.7
18
15
81
68
0.002
0001
0.02
002
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.03
0.0002
0.0002
4.3
4.2
18
17
81
78
0.001
0.001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.03
00002
00002
3.9
3.8
16
16
73
71
0.001
0.001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0 1
0.03
0.03
0.0002
0.0002
4.3
4.2
18
17
82
79
0.001
0.001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.03
00002
0.0002
4.2
4.1
17
17
79
77
0.001
0.001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.03
0.0002
0.0002
4.1
34
16
14
78
65
0.001
0.001
0.02
0.01
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.02
0.0002
0.0002
4.7
3.9
19
16
85
71
0.002
0.001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.03
0.0002
0.0002
4.5
3.8
18
15
83
69
0.002
0.001
0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1
003
0.03
0.0002
0.0002
g/bhp-hr - grams per brake horsepower hour
Ib/hr • pounds per hour
mg/bhp-hr - mttgrams per brake horsepower hour
mb/bhp-hr - mttpounds per brake horsepower hour
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
6-8
July 2000
-------
Y = MX + B
Where: B = Intercept
M = Slope
X = Analyzer or transducer voltage
Y = Engineering Units
After each test point and upon completion of a test day, calibrations were conducted
by reintroducing the zero and span gases directly to the back of the analyzers. The analyzers'
stabilized responses were recorded. No adjustments were made during testing or during the
final calibration check. Initial calibration values and all calibration checks were recorded for
each analyzer during the daily test program.
The before and after calibrations checks were used to determine zero and span drift
for each test point for the CO, CO2, O2, THC, CH4/Non-CH4, and NOX analyzers. The zero
and span drift checks for all test points and all test days were less than ±2.0% of the span
value of each analyzer used during the daily test program. The calibration data sheets are
presented in the test report generated by EECL. Table 6.2 presents the types and frequencies
of the analyzer calibrations conducted by EECL.
6.2.4 Analyzer Linearity Check
Analyzer linearity checks were done before beginning the test program. The oxygen,
carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbon, methane/non-methane, and oxides of nitrogen analyzers
were "zeroed" using either zero grade nitrogen or hydrocarbon free air. The analyzers were
allowed to stabilize and their output recorded. The analyzers were then "spanned" using the
mid-level calibration gases. The analyzers were allowed to stabilize and their output
recorded. From this data a linear fit was developed for each analyzer. The voltage for each
analyzer was recorded and used in the following formula:
Y = MX + B
Where: B = Intercept
M = Slope
X = Analyzer or transducer voltage
Y = Engineering Units
Using the linear fit, the linear response of the analyzer was calculated. Low-level and
high-level calibration gases were individually introduced to the analyzers. For each
calibration gas, the analyzers were allowed to stabilize and their outputs were recorded. Each
analyzer's linearity was acceptable. The predicted values of a linear curve determined from
the zero and mid-level calibration gas responses agreed with the actual responses of the low-
level and high-level calibration gases within ±2.0% of the analyzer span value. The
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 6-9 July 2000
-------
TABLE 6.2
TYPES AND FREQUENCIES OF CEMS ANALYZER CALIBRATIONS
Calibration
Type
ACE (2>
ZSD (3)
SSB (4)
Gas
02, C02, CO,
NOX
Methane/Non-
Methane
Hydrocarbons
0» C02, CO,
NOX
Methane/Non-
Methane
Hydrocarbons
NOX
Methane/Non-
Methane
Hydrocarbons
Calibration Gas
Concentration (units
of %ofspan(I))
0 to 0.25,
40 to 60,
80 to 100
0 to 0.1,
25 to 35,
45 to 55,
80 to 90
0 to 0.25,
40 to 60 or
80tolOO(5)
25 to 35,
45 to 55
0 to 0.25,
40 to 60 or
80 to 90 (5)
0 to 0.25,
25 to 35,
45 to 55 or
80 to 90 (5>
Frequency
Before each
engine test
Before and
after each
test run
Before and
after each
test day
Before and
after each
test day
Calibrant
Injection
Point
Directly into
the analyzer
Directly into
the analyzer
Both directly
into the
analyzer and
into the inlet
of the sample
, line
Validation
Criterion
<2% of
analyzer span
for each gas
<5% of
respective cal.
gas value
All errors
<3% of span
All errors
<3% of span
Both errors
<5% of
analyzer span
(1) - The span must be 1.5 to 2.5 the concentration expected for each pollutant
(2) - Analyzer calibration error check
(3) - Zero and span drift check
(4) - Sampling system bias check
(5) - Whichever is closer to the exhaust gas concentration
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
6-10
July 2000
-------
methane/non-methane analyzers' linearity was acceptable as the predicted valued agreed with
the actual response of the low-level and high-level calibration gases within ±5.0% of the
actual calibration gas value. This procedure was done for one range setting for each analyzer.
The Linearity Check data sheets are presented the test report generated by EECL.
6.2.5 NO; Converter Check
EECL did NO2 converter checks before the test program began. A calibration gas
mixture of known concentration between 240 and 270 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and 160
to 190 ppm nitric oxide (NO) with a balance of nitrogen was used. The calibration gas
mixture was introduced to the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) analyzer until a stable response was
recorded. The converter was considered acceptable if the instrument response indicated a
90 percent or greater NO2 to NO conversion. The NO2 Converter Check data sheets are
presented in the test report generated by EECL.
6.2.6 Sample Line Leak Check
The sample lines were leak-checked before the engine test program. The leak check
procedure was performed for both pre-catalyst and post-catalyst sample trains. The
procedure was to close the valve on the inlet to the sample filter found just downstream of the
exhaust stack probe. With the sample pump operating, a vacuum was pulled on the exhaust
sample train. Once the maximum vacuum was reached, the valve on the pressure side of the
pump was closed, thus sealing off the vacuum section of the sampling system. The pump
was turned off and the pressure in the sample system was monitored. -The leak test was
acceptable as the vacuum gauge reading dropped by an amount less than 1 inch of mercury
over a period of 1 minute. The Sample Line Leak Check data sheets are presented the test
report generated by EECL.
6.2.7 Sample Line Integrity Check
A sample line integrity check was done before and upon completion of each test day.
The analyzers' response was tested by first introducing a mid-level calibration gas directly to
the NOX analyzer. The analyzer was allowed to stabilize and the response recorded. The
same mid-level calibration gas was then introduced to the analyzer through the sampling
system. The calibration gas was introduced into the sample line at the stack, upstream of the
inlet sample filter. The analyzer was allowed to stabilize and the response recorded. The
analyzer response values were compared and the percent difference did not to exceed ±5% of
the analyzer span value.
The sample line integrity check was to be done for both the NOX and methane/non-
methane analyzers. Due to time constraints, EECL performed the integrity check for the NOX
analyzers only. The SSB procedure was performed for the methane/non-methane analyzers
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 6-11 July 2000
-------
before and upon completion of the test program. The Sample Line Integrity Check data
sheets are presented in the test report generated by EECL.
6.2.8 Carbon Balance Check
One of the methods used to calculate mass emissions was a carbon balance
calculation developed by Southwest Research Institute specifically for the American Gas
Association. The calculations consist of a theoretical O2 calculation based upon measured
exhaust stack constituents and fuel gas composition. The theoretical exhaust O2 is then
compared to the measured exhaust O2. The percent difference between the actual and
theoretical O2 measurements was within ±5 % of the measured O2 reading. The O2 balance
was performed for every 1 -minute average and the 3 3 -minute averaged valued for each test
point.
6.2.9 Fuel Gas & Fuel Flow Measurement
Engine fuel gas was analyzed on a real time basis with a dedicated, Daniels Industries
GC. The GC was calibrated on a daily basis against a known standard. A gas analysis was
done on each test day. This analysis gave the actual specific gravity, mole fractions of
specific hydrocarbons, and BTU content so that fuel flow and mass emissions could be
accurately calculated. Fuel flow measurements were made with an AGA/PRCI-specified
orifice meter equipped with dedicated high accuracy pressure and temperature transmitters.
All fuel flow calculations were in accordance with AGA/PRCI Report #3. All stoichiometric
air to fuel ratios were calculated using the fuel gas analysis. From this information, the
equivalence ratios for each day of testing were determined. All fuel gas calibrations and
analysis, stoichiometric air to fuel ratio calculations, and fuel specific F Factor calculations
are presented in the test report generated by EECL. In addition, a blind fuel gas sample
provided by PES was analyzed. The result is presented in the test report generated by EECL.
6.2.10 Fuel Factor Quality Assurance Checks
Besides the CEM calibration and QC checks, carbon dioxide and oxygen
measurements were validated by calculating the fuel factor, F0, using the following equation:
20.9 -
F =
%CO
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 6-12 July 2000
-------
The values of F0 at the inlet and the outlet for each sampling run are presented in
Table 6.3. For natural gas combustion, the value of F0 should be between 1.60 and 1.84. The
F0 values were within the prescribed ranges for 32 of the sampling runs conducted. There
were four runs for which the F0 values were outside these limits. However, the maximum
exceedance was 1.6 % of the maximum F0 value. Based upon the results, the integrity of the
CEM sample stream was not compromised due to leaks in the sampling system.
TABLE 6.3
SUMMARY OF FUEL FACTOR VALUES
Run Number
1A
2/7
3
4
5
6
8
9A
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
PAH1
PAH 2
PAH 3
Inlet F0
1.76
1.74
1.81
1.78
1.65
1.68
1.63
1.78
1.71
1.87
1.84
1.73
1.70
1.64
1.75
1.84
1.83
1.85
Outlet F0
1.82
1.80
1.84
1.83
1.68
1.81
1.86
1.77
1.78
1.83
1.84
1.80
1.80
1.65
1.76
1.84
1.85
1.83
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
6-13
July 2000
-------
6.2.11 GEMS Detection Limits
For each of the sample runs, the mass detection limits of the CEMS were presented
previously in Table 6.1. For each run, the detection limit was calculated using analytical
detection limit data supplied by EECL. Table 6.4 summarizes these values.
TABLE 6.4
SUMMARY OF CEMS ANALYTICAL DETECTION LIMITS
Parameter
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrogen Oxides
Carbon Monoxide
Methane
Non-methane Hydrocarbons
Total Hydrocarbons
Inlet Detection
Limit
0.01 % volume
0.25 % volume
0.1 ppm
2ppm
20 ppm
2 ppm
0.04 ppm
Outlet Detection
Limit
0.01 % volume
0.1 % volume
0.1 ppm
2 ppm
20 ppm
2 ppm
0.04 ppm
6.3 GCMS QA/QC PROCEDURES
Each day the GCMS measurement system was tuned according to the criteria
identified in the method. Achieving the criteria for a valid mass spectral tune and achieving
the internal standard relative mass abundances during each GCMS run (see Tables 3 and 4 of
the method) verify the continuing instrument performance and ensure that the QA/QC of the
method is achieved. Achieving the criteria for a valid tune also allows searches of the NIST
Mass Spectral library for compounds that are not contained in the instrument specific
calibration.
Daily system calibrations were conducted to check both the validity of the initial
instrument calibration and the effectiveness of the sampling system to transport the target
analytes. Daily system calibration check procedures were conducted after accomplishing a
successful instrument tune using the blended mixture of the internal standards. Immediately
following the system continuing calibration, nitrogen was injected into the GCMS sampling
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
6-14
July 2000
-------
system and a system blank was acquired. No analytes were detected in any of the system
blank analyses.
The direct interface GCMS test method requires that continuing system calibrations
be conducted using a blended mixture of 6 surrogate compounds at 1 ppm. For this test
program, all of the target analytes were checked daily at the 1 ppm concentration level.
Besides the daily calibration check procedures, PES gave EMI an independent audit gas. The
identity of the compounds contained in the audit gas and their concentrations were not
revealed to EMI. Analysis of this audit gas was conducted using both GCMS measurement
systems. Table 6.5 presents the results from the daily system continuing calibrations and the
audit.
Additional QA procedures conducted during this testing program included analyte
spiking. Analyte spiking consists of adding an exact amount of calibration standard to the
effluent stream at a point upstream of the primary particulate matter filter within the sampling
system. This procedure checks the ability of both the sampling and analytical system to
transport and quantify effluent samples. Analyte spiking procedures were conducted on each
day of the test program at varying concentration levels. Concentrations of 100 ppb, 500 ppb,
and 1 ppm were used for the spiking. Spike recoveries of between 79% and 126% were
achieved at the 100 ppb concentration level for the target analytes detected using the inlet
GCMS measurement system. EMI achieved spike recoveries of between 74% and 136% at
the 100 ppb concentration level, 64% to 81% at the 500 ppb concentration level, and 100% -
105% at the 1 ppm level, for the target analytes detected using the outlet GCMS
measurement system.
6.3.1 GCMS Detection Limits
Table 6.6 presents the GCMS Detection Limits at the pre-catalyst and the post-
catalyst sampling locations. PES used the analytical detection limits supplied by EMI to
calculate the run-by-run mass detection limits.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 6-15 July 2000
-------
TABLE 6.5
SUMMARY OF GCMS CONTINUING CALIBRATIONS AND AUDIT RESULTS
Compound
3/31/99
Result
(ppm)
(%)
Diff.
4/1/99
Result
(ppm)
(%)
Diff.
4/2/99
Result
(ppm)
(%)
Diff.
Audit '
Result
(ppm)
(%)
Diff.
Catalyst Met
1,3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
1.23
1.02
1.02
0.78
1.07
2.22
0.86
1.04
19.4
-0.97
-1.9
-22.8
2.9
7.8
-17.3
0.97
1.03
0.82
0.86
0.8
1.04
2.09
0.93
1.06
0
-20.4
-17.3
-20.8
0
1.56
-10.6
2.9
1.06
1.03
1.02
1.01
1.11
2.19
1.11
1.08
2.9
0
-1.9
0
6.7
6.3
6.7
4.9
-
-
0.52
0.50
0.52
-
-
0.48
-
-
-3.7
-5.7
-2.0
-
-
-7.7
Catalyst Outlet
1,3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
0.78
1.11
1.06
1.08
1.05
2.13
1.04
1.07
-24.3
7.8
1.9
3.9
0.96
3.4
0
3.9
1.18
1
1.13
1.16
1.03
2.17
1.03
1.1
14.6
-2.9
8.7
11.5
-0.96
5.3
-0.96
6.8
1.11
0.88
0.93
1.01
0.99
2.15
0.81
1.12
7.8
-14.5
-10.6
-2.9
-4.8
4.4
-22.1
8.7
-
-
0.56
0.56
0.52
-
-
. 0.43
-
-
3.7
5.7
2.0
-
-
-17.3
1 The audit cylinder contained 540 ppb benzene, 530 ppb toluene, 510 ppb ethyl benzene, and 520 ppb
o-xylene. The analytical accuracy for each component was reported to be ± 5% by the manufacturer.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
6-16
July 2000
-------
TABLE 6.6
DETECTION LIMITS OF GCMS COMPOUNDS AT CATALYST INLET
Run ID
ppmvd
1,3-Butadiene pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
ppmvd
Hexane pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
ppmvd
Benzene pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
ppmvd
Toluene pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
ppmvd
Ethyl Benzene pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
ppmvd
m/p-Xylene pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
ppmvd
Styrene pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
ppmvd
o-Xylene pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
RunIA
050
8000
8000
0.09
2000
2000
0.01
200
200
0.02
500
500
0.02
600
600
001
300
300
0.02
600
600
0.02
600
600
Run2-7
0.50
12000
8000
0.11
5000
3000
0.01
300
200
0.02
800
500
0.02
900
600
0.01
500
300
0.02
900
600
002
900
600
Run3
0.50
12000
7000
0.10
3000
2000
0.01
300
200
0.02
800
500
0.02
1000
600
001
500
300
0.02
1000
600
0.02
1000
600
Run4
0.50
8000
7000
0.09
2000
2000
0.01
200
200
0.02
600
500
0.02
600
500
0.01
400
300
0.02
600
500
0.02
600
500
RunS
0.50
9000
9000
0.10
3000
3000
0.01
200
200
0.02
600
600
0.02
700
700
0.01
300
300
0.02
700
700
0.02
700
700
Run6
0.50
8000
8000
0.09
2000
2000
0.01
200
200
0.02
500
500
0.02
600
600
0.01
300
300
0.02
600
600
0.02
600
600
RunS
0.50
10000
8000
0.10
4000
3000
0.01
200
200
0.02
600
500
0.02
700
600
0.01
400
300
002
700
600
0.02
700
600
Run9A
0.50
8000
8000
0.09
2000
2000
001
200
200
0.02
500
500
0.02
600
600
0.01
300
300
0.02
600
600
0.02
600
600
RunIO
0.50
8000
8000
0.10
3000
3000
0.01
200
200
0.02
600
600
0.02
600
600
0.01
300
300
002
600
600
0.02
600
600
Run11
0.50
10000
8000
0.09
2000
2000
0.01
200
200
0.02
600
500
0.02
700
600
0.01
400
300
0.02
700
600
0.02
700
600
Run12
0.50
10000
8000
0.09
2000
2000
0.01
200
200
0.02
600
500
0.02
700
600
0.01
400
300
0.02
700
600
0.02
700
600
Run13
050
8000
8000
0.09
2000
2000
0.01
200
200
0.02
500
500
0.02
600
600
001
300
300
0.02
600
600
0.02
600
600
Run14
0.50
8000
8000
0.09
2000
2000
0.01
200
200
0.02
500
500
0.02
600
600
0.01
300
300
0.02
600
600
0.02
600
600
Run15
0.50
8000
8000
0.11
3000
3000
0.01
200
200
0.02
600
600
0.02
700
700
0.01
300
300
0.02
600
600
0.02
700
700
Run16
0.50
8000
8000
0.09
2000
2000
0.01
200
200
0.02
600
600
0.02
600
600
0.01
300
300
0.02
600
600
0.02
600
600
PAH1
0.50
8000
7000
0.09
2000
2000
0.01
200
200
0.02
600
500
0.02
600
500
0.01
400
300
0.02
600
500
0.02
600
500
PAH2
0.50
10000
8000
0.09
2000
2000
0.01
200
200
0.02
600
500
0.02
700
600
0.01
400
300
0.02
700
600
0.02
700
600
PAHS
0.50
10000
8000
0.09
2000
2000
0.01
200
200
002
600
500
0.02
700
600
0.01
400
300
0.02
700
600
0.02
700
600
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
6-17
July 2000
-------
TABLE 6.7
DETECTION LIMITS OF GCMS COMPOUNDS AT CATALYST OUTLET
Run ID
ppmvd
1,3-Butadiene pg/bhp-hr
ulb/hr
ppmvd
Hexane pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
ppmvd
Benzene pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
ppmvd
Toluene pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
ppmvd
Ethyl Benzene pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
ppmvd
m/p-Xylene pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
ppmvd
Styrene pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
ppmvd
o-Xylene pg/bhp-hr
plb/hr
RunIA
0.50
8000
8000
0.15
4000
4000
0.03
700
700
0.03
800
800
0.02
600
600
0.01
300
300
0.05
2000
2000
0.08
2000
2000
Run2-7
0.50
12000
8000
0.15
6000
4000
0.02
600
400
0.03
1200
800
0.02
900
600
0.01
500
300
0.05
2000
1000
0.08
3000
2000
Run3
0.50
12000
7000
0.15
7000
4000
0.02
700
400
0.03
1300
800
0.02
1000
600
0.01
500
300
0.05
2000
1000
0.08
3000
2000
Run4
0.50
8000
7000
0.15
4000
3000
0.02
500
400
0.03
800
700
0.02
700
600
0.01
400
300
0.05
1000
1000
0.08
2000
2000
RunS
0.50
9000
9000
0.15
4000
4000
0.02
500
500
0.03
900
900
0.02
700
700
0.01
300
300
0.05
2000
2000
0.08
3000
3000
Run6
0.50
7000
7000
0.15
4000
4000
0.02
400
400
0.03
800
800
0.02
600
600
0.01
300
300
0.05
1000
1000
0.08
2000
2000
RunS
050
10000
8000
0.15
5000
4000
0.02
500
400
0.03
1000
800
0.02
700
600
0.01
400
300
0.05
1000
1000
0.08
2000
2000
Run9A
0.50
8000
8000
0.15
4000
4000
0.02
500
500
0.03
800
800
0.02
600
600
0.01
300
300
0.05
2000
2000
0.08
2000
2000
RunIO
0.50
8000
8000
0.15
4000
4000
0.02
500
500
0.03
800
800
0.02
600
600
0.01
300
300
0.05
2000
2000
0.08
2000
2000
Run11
0.50
10000
8000
0.15
5000
4000
0.02
600
500
0.03
1000
800
002
700
600
0.01
400
300
0.05
2000
2000
008
2000
2000
Run12
0.50
10000
8000
0.15
5000
4000
0.02
500
400
0.03
1000
800
0.02
700
600
0.01
400
300
0.05
1000
1000
0.08
2000
2000
Run13
0.50
8000
8000
0.15
4000
4000
0.02
500
500
0.03
800
800
0.02
600
600
0.01
300
300
0.05
2000
2000
0.08
2000
2000
Run14
0.50
8000
8000
0.15
4000
4000
0.02
400
400
0.03
800
800
0.02
600
600
0.01
300
300
0.05
1000
1000
0.08
2000
2000
Run15
0.50
8000
8000
0.15
4000
4000
0.02
500
500
0.03
800
800
0.02
700
700
0.01
300
300
0.05
2000
2000
0.08
2000
2000
Run16
0.50
8000
8000
0.15
4000
4000
0.02
500
500
0.03
800
800
0.02
700
700
0.01
300
300
0.05
2000
2000
0.08
2000
2000
PAH1
0.50
8000
7000
0.15
4000
3000
0.02
500
400
0.03
800
700
0.02
600
500
0.01
400
300
0.05
1000
1000
0.08
2000
2000
PAH2
0.50
10000
8000
0.15
5000
4000
0.02
600
500
0.03
1000
800
0.02
700
600
0.01
400
300
0.05
2000
2000
0.08
2000
2000
PAH3
0.50
10000
8000
0.15
5000
4000
0.02
600
500
0.03
1000
800
0.02
700
600
0.01
400
300
0.05
2000
2000
0.08
2000
2000
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
6-18
July 2000
-------
6.4 CARS 429 QA/QC PROCEDURES
The following text describes the QA/QC procedures employed by PES and ERG
during the PAH sampling and analysis.
6.4.1 Calibration of CARS 429 Sampling Apparatus
Because no mechanism exists for an independent measurement of emissions from the
source, careful preparation, checkout, and calibration of the sampling and analysis equipment
is essential to ensure collection of high quality data. PES maintains a comprehensive
schedule for preventive maintenance, calibration, and preparation of the source testing
equipment.
6.4.1.1 Barometers. PES used aneroid barometers calibrated against a station pressure
value reported by a nearby National Weather Service Station and corrected for elevation.
6.4.1.2 Temperature Sensors. The responses of the Type K thermocouples used in the field
testing program were checked using Calibration Procedure 2e as described in the Quality
Assurance Handbook. The response of each temperature sensor was recorded when
immersed in an ice water bath, at ambient temperature, and in a boiling water bath; each
response was checked against an ASTM 3F reference thermometer. Table 6.8 summarizes
the results of the thermocouple checks and the acceptable levels of variance. Digital
temperature readouts were checked for calibration using a thermocouple simulator having a
range of 0-2400 °F.
6.4.1.3 Pitot Tubes. PES used Type S Pitot tubes or Standard Pitot tubes constructed
according to EPA Method 2 specifications. Type S Pitot tubes were calibrated against the
dimensional criteria described in Method 2 using Calibration Procedure 2a as described in the
Quality Assurance Handbook, Volume III, 1994. Type S Pitot tubes meeting these criteria
are assigned a pitot coefficient (Cp) of 0.84. Standard Pitot tubes were checked for
dimensional criteria using Calibration Procedure 2b as described in the Quality Assurance
Handbook, Volume III, 1994. Standard Pitot tubes meeting these criteria were assigned a
pitot coefficient (Cp) of 0.99.
6.4.1.4 Differential Pressure Gauges. PES used Dwyer inclined/vertical manometers to
measure differential pressures including: velocity pressure, static pressure, and orifice meter
pressure. PES chose manometers having sufficient sensitivity to accurately measure
pressures over the entire range of expected values. Manometers are primary standards and
require no calibration.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 6-19 July 2000
-------
TABLE 6.8
CARS 429 SAMPLE TRAIN
SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE SENSOR CALIBRATION DATA
Temp.
Sensor
I.D.
RT-14
RT-15
RMB-15
RMB-15
MB-10
MB-10
SH-1
SH-5
Usage
Stack Gas
Stack Gas
Dry Gas Meter
Inlet
Dry Gas Meter
Outlet
Dry Gas Meter
Inlet
Dry Gas Meter
Outlet
Impinger Exit
Impinger Exit
Temperature, °R
Reference
492
532
670
492
530
670
493
534
668
493
534
668
493
536
666
492
536
666
492
536
668
492
531
667
Sensor
492
529
671
493
530
670
495
534
670
493
535
668
494
536
665
494
537
665
492
536
668
493
531
667
Absolute
Difference
%
0
0.56
0.15
0.20
0
0
0.41
0
0.30
0
0.19
0
0.20
0
0.15
0.41
0.19
0.15
0
0
0
0.20
0
0
EPA
Criteria
%
<±1.5
<±1.5
<±1.5
<±1.5
<±1.5
<±1.5
-------
6.4.1.5 Dry Gas Meter and Orifice. The GARB Method 429 dry gas meters and orifices
were calibrated according to Calibration Procedure 5 in the Quality Assurance Handbook.
This procedure requires direct comparison of the dry gas meter to a reference dry test meter.
PES calibrates its reference dry test meter annually against a wet test meter. Before its initial
use in the field, the metering system was calibrated at several flow rates over the normal
operating range of the metering system. Individual meter calibration factors (y) cannot differ
from the average by more than 0.02, and the results of individual meter orifice factors (AH@)
cannot differ from the average by more than 0.20. After field use, the metering system
calibration was checked at the average flow rate and highest vacuum observed during the test
period. The results of the post-test meter correction factor check cannot differ by more than
5% from the average meter correction factor obtained during the initial, or thereafter, the
annual calibration. Table 6.9 presents the results of the dry gas meter and orifice calibrations.
All dry gas meters and orifices used in this test program met the method calibration
requirements.
TABLE 6.9
CARB 429 SAMPLE TRAIN
SUMMARY OF DRY GAS METER AND ORIFICE CALIBRATION DATA
Meter
Box No.
MB-10
RMB-15
Dry Gas Meter Correction Factor (y)
Pre-
test
1.015
1.001
Post-test
1.013
0.998
% Diff.
-0.27
-0.29
EPA Criteria
<5%
<5% '
Meter Orifice Coefficient (AH@)
Average
1.84
1.87
Range
1.82-1.92
1.79-1.98
EPA Criteria
1.64-2.04
1.67-2.07
6.4.2 Reagents and Glassware Preparation
Before field testing, PES pre-cleaned all sample train glassware following the
procedures in CARB Method 429. Specifically, the glassware was cleaned according to the
following protocol.
1. Wash in hot soapy water with Alconox.
2. Rinse three tunes with tap water.
3. Rinse three times with reagent (i.e., deionized) water.
4. Soak hi 10% (v/v) nitric acid (HNO3) solution for a minimum of 4 hours.
5. Rinse three times each with pesticide-grade acetone, hexane, and methylene
chloride, and allow to air dry.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
6-21
July 2000
-------
After preparation of the glassware, the openings were sealed with Teflon tape to
prevent contamination, and the glassware wrapped and packed for transport to the EECL.
ERG prepared the XAD-2® sorbent resin traps. ERG then pre-spiked the traps with
surrogates and capped them with glass balls and sockets. Impinger water used was organic-
free, reagent grade. Pesticide-grade acetone, hexane, and methylene chloride were used as
recovery solvents.
6.4.3 On-site Measurements
The on-site QA/QC activities included:
6.4.3.1 Measurement Sites. Before sampling, PES checked the dimensions of the
exhaust duct to assure that the port locations complied with Method 1 criteria. PES
confirmed the distances to upstream and downstream disturbances and test port locations.
PES also measured inside stack dimensions through perpendicular ports to assure uniformity
of the stack cross sectional area. PES measured the inside stack dimensions, stack wall
thickness, and sample port lengths to the nearest 0.1 inch.
6.4.3.2 Velocity Measurements. PES assembled, leveled, zeroed, and leak-checked all
velocity measurement apparatus before and after each sampling run. The stack static
pressure was determined at a single point. PES selected a point of average velocity pressure
found during the pre-test velocity traverse.
6.4.3.3 Moisture. During sampling, the exit gas temperature of the last impinger in each
sampling train was maintained below 68°F to ensure condensation of stack gas water vapor.
The moisture gain in the impinger train due to flue gas moisture was determined
gravimetrically using a digital top-loading electronic balance with a resolution of 0.1 g.
6.4.4 Analytical Quality Assurance
PES and ERG personnel employed several methods to ensure the quality of the PAH
analytical data. These methods included analysis of reagent blanks, a laboratory method
blank, and field blanks. In addition, the XAD-2 sorbent traps were spiked with isotopically
labeled internal standards. The recovery efficiency of the internal standards is used to
evaluate method performance. The results of these QA checks are discussed in the following
paragraphs.
6.4.4.1 Blank Analyses. During the field testing, PES personnel collected blanks of the
CARB 429 sampling train reagents to quantify contamination levels. Field blank trains were
assembled, transported to each sampling site, and leak checked. The field blank trains were
then returned to the PES field laboratory, where were recovered in the same manner as the
trains used for sampling. The field blank train impingers and connecting glassware were the
same components used during actual sampling. Since the sampling glassware is cleaned after
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 6-22 July 2000
-------
each run and reused, analysis of field blank trains is used to find out if poor cleanup
technique caused cross-contamination between sampling runs. Per CARB Method 429, PES
did not correct any of the PAH results for blank results. The results of the reagent and field
blank analyses are presented in Table 6.10. The levels of any unlabeled analyte quantified in
the blank train must not exceed 20 percent of the level of that analyte in the sampling train.
At the inlet location, naphthalene was present in the blank train at a magnitude
approximately 30% of naphthalene in samples collected during runs PAH 2 and PAH 3.
Naphthalene was present in all samples and the XAD laboratory blank and the field blanks.
The presence of naphthalene is due to the ubiquitous nature of this compound. For chrysene,
the inlet field blank result was 21.7 % of the mass of chrysene in the sample for run PAH 1.
In the remaining cases at the inlet, the blank levels were less than 20% of the levels in the
samples.
At the outlet, naphthalene was also present at levels that exceeded the acceptable
level. For runs PAH 1, PAH 2, and PAH 3 at the outlet, the blank levels were 38.9 %,
42.5 %, and 42.4 % of the levels in the sample trains. The only other compound detected in
the outlet blank train was phenanthrene, which was present at levels well below 20% of the
levels in the sample trains.
6.4.4.2 Internal Standard Recoveries. Table 6.11 presents the recovery efficiencies of
isotopically labeled surrogate compounds. Recovery efficiency gives a measure of the
capture efficiency and the efficiency of the solvent extraction for specific compounds.
Recoveries for each of the internal standards must be greater than 50 percent and less than
150 percent of the known value. This criterion is used to assess method performance.
Because this is an isotope dilution technique, it should be independent of internal standard
recovery. Lower recoveries do not necessarily invalidate the analytical results for PAH, but
they may result in higher detection limits.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 6-23 July 2000
-------
TABLE 6.10
SUMMARY OF CARS 429 BLANK RESULTS
Compound
Naphthalene
Acenaphthylene
Acenaphthene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo(a)anthracene
Chrysene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Indeno(l ,2,3-cd)pyrene
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
Laboratory
Blank
Result (u.g)
0.378
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Reagent
Blank
Result
(W)1
0.018
ND
ND
ND
0.049
0.008
0.006
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Inlet Field
Blank
Result (fig)
3.352
ND
ND
ND
0.054
ND
ND
0.029
ND
0.046
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Outlet
Field Blank
Result (ug)
3.425
ND
ND
ND
0.043
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1 The reagent blank value is the sum of separate analyses hexane, acetone, methylene chloride, and
distilled water blank samples.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
6-24
July 2000
-------
TABLE 6.11
SUMMARY OF CARS 429 SURROGATE RECOVERIES
Surrogate
Compound
Naphthalene-d8
Acenaphthylene-d8
Acenaphthene-d 1 0
Fluorene-dlO
Phenanthrene-d 1 0
Anthracene-dlO
Fluoranthene-dlO
Pyrene-dlO
Benzo(a)anthracene-d 1 2
Chrysene-dl2
Benzo(b)fluoranthene-d 1 2
Benzo(k)fluoranthene-d 1 2
Benzo(a)pyrene-dl 2
Indeno( 1 ,2,3 -cd)pyrene-d 1 2
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene-d 1 4
Benzo(g,h,i)pery lene-d 1 2
Lab
Blank
(%)
86
45
64
80
73
1
73
39
10
68
74
73
ND
32
34
ND
Field Blanks
Inlet
(%)
74
48
70
74
70
10
76
71
68
85
109
82
ND
77
82
53
Outlet
(%)
81
24
74
76
71
11
73
61
46
76
87
76
ND
48
57
7
PAH Run 1
Inlet
(%)
83
51
70
85
80
29
94
91
107
144
98
86
9
58
63
47
Outlet
(%)
106
69
97
92
73
30
63
60
73
63
96
80
29
97
107
98
PAH Run 2
Inlet
(%)
96
58
83
97
116
30
137
133
111
125
143
127
13
70
80
57
Outlet
(%)
111
69
93
99
69
34
67
65
61
71
0
0
32
49
54
46
PAH Run 3
Inlet
(%)
89
58
72
91
88
34
101
100
110
113
113
108
19
61
70
54
Outlet
(%)
117
63
86
100
88
50
109
107
113
115
125
107
47
71
81
70
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
6-25
July 2000
-------
6.4.5 CARB 429 Detection Limits
Tables 6.12 and 6.13 present the in-stack detection limits of each PAH compound
before the catalyst and after the catalyst. The volumes of the CARB 429 samples averaged
2.12 dry standard cubic meters (dscm) before the catalyst and 2.32 dscm after the catalyst.
The expected sample volume defined in the QAPP was 2.5 dscm, and the in-stack detection
limits on the PAH compounds were based on this volume. Because the actual sample
volumes were less than the anticipated volumes by approximately 15% the in-stack detection
limits for the PAHs are approximately 15% higher than those presented in the QAPP.
6.5 CORRECTIVE ACTIONS
During the field testing, PES and EPA made several changes to the QAPP describing
the field testing. Field and engine operating conditions mandated these changes. These
changes are presented in Table 6.14.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 6-26 July 2000
-------
TABLE 6.12
DETECTION LIMITS OF PAH COMPOUNDS AT CATALYST INLET
Run ID
Date
Time
pg/bhp-hr a
Acenaphthene .... b
(jib/hour
A uiu , pg/bhp-hr
Acenaphthylene
Mlb/hour
. .. (jg/bhp-hr
Anthracene
pita/hour
/ x pg/bhp-hr
Benzo(a)anthracene
|jlb/hour
pg/bhp-hr
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
plb/hour
uq/bhp-hr
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
(jib/hour
_ .... . pg/bhp-hr
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
(jib/hour
_ , . pg/bhp-hr
Benzo(a)pyrene
plb/hour
Chrysene ™'^
Mlb/hour
pq/bhp-hr
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
plb/hour
ug/bhp-hr
Fluoranthene Ha K
plb/hour
... pg/bhp-hr
Fluorene a
plb/hour
lndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene M9/bhp"hr
plb/hour
.. .... pg/bhp-hr
Naphthalene
plb/hour
pg/bhp-hr
Phenanthrene
plb/hour
Pyrene M9/bhp-hr
plb/hour
PAH1
4/2/99
1204-1404
1.9
1.6
1.9
1.6
1.9
1.6
1.9
1.6
1.9
1.6
1.9
1.6
3.7
3.1
1.9
1.6
1.9
1.6
3.7
3.1
1.9
1.6
1.9
1.6
3.7
3.1
1.9
1.6
1.9
1.6
1.9
1.6
PAH 2
4/2/99
1625-1825
1.8
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.8
1.5
3.5
2.9
1.8
1.5
1.8
1.5
3.5
2.9
1.8
1.5
1.8
1.5
3.5
2.9
1.8
1.5
1.8
1.5 •
1.8
1.5
PAHS
4/2/99
2000-2200
1.9
1.6
1.9
1.6
1.9
1.6
1.9
1.6
1.9
1.6
1.9
1.6
3.8
3.1
1.9
1.6
1.9
1.6
3.8
3.1
1.9
1.6
1.9
1.6
3.8
3.1
1.9
1.6
1.9
1.6
1.9
1.6
Average
1.8
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.8
1.5
3.7
3.1
1.8
1.5
1.8
1.5
3.7
3.1
1.8
1.5
1.8
1.5
3.7
3.1
1.8
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.8
1.5
Micrograms per brake horsepower hour
Micropounds per hour
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
6-27
July 2000
-------
TABLE 6.13
DETECTION LIMITS OF PAH COMPUNDS AT CATALYST OUTLET
Run ID
Date
Time
|jg/bhp-hr a
Acenaphthene ,. „ b
r plb/hour D
A utu i pg/bhp-hr
Acenaphthylene
plb/hour
. i, pg/bhp-hr
Anthracene
plb/hour
_ . . .. pg/bhp-hr
3enzo(a)anthracene
plb/hour
pg/bhp-hr
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
plb/hour
pg/bhp-hr
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
plb/hour
, ... . pg/bhp-hr
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
plb/hour
pg/bhp-hr
Benzo(a)pyrene
plb/hour
pg/bhp-hr
Chrysene
plb/hour
pg/bhp-hr
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
plb/hour
,-, tu pg/bhp-hr
Fluoranthene
plb/hour
._. pg/bhp-hr
Fluorene
plb/hour
pg/bhp-hr
lndeno(1 ,2,3-cd)pyrene
plb/hour
Naphthalene *******
plb/hour
pg/bhp-hr
Phenanthrene
plb/hour
_ pg/bhp-hr
Pyrene , K
plb/hour
PAH1
4/2/99
1204-1404
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
3.5
2.9
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
3.5
2.9
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
3.5
2.9
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
PAH 2
4/2/99
1625-1825
1.6
1.4
1.6
1.4
1.6
1.4
1.6
1.4
1.6
1.4
1.6
1.4
3.3
2.7
1.6
1.4
1.6
1.4
3.3
2.7
1.6
1.4
1.6
1.4
3.3
2.7
1.6
1.4
1.6
1.4
1.6
1.4
PAH 3
4/2/99
2000-2200
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
3.5
2.9
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
3.5
2.9
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
3.5
2.9
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
Average
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
3.4
2.8
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
3.4
2.8
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
3.4
2.8
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
8 Micrograms per brake horsepower hour
Micropounds per hour
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
July 2000
-------
TABLE 6.14
SUMMARY OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS
Corrective
Action No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Date
3/29/99
3/29/99
3/29/99
3/29/99
3/30/99
3/30/99
3/30/99
3/30/99
3/30/99
3/31/99
3/31/99
3/31/99
Time
1200
1600
1600
1600
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Problem
CARS 429 Traverse points" on
outlet (12) more than minimum
required.
5-min spiking regimen will take
too much time
Conventional CARS 429 sample
train will be impossible to use,
given engine exhaust geometry
Separate FTIRS validation for
formaldehyde and actetaldehye /
acrolein will take too much time
On baseline tests, engine ignition
set to 0.4° BTDC rather than 10°
specified in QAPP
Inlet air humidity target value in
QAPP (0.0015 Ib. water / Ib. air)
incorrect
Cylinder values acetaldehyde
standards seem incorrect
Ignition timing on Run 1 does not
agree with value in QA PP
Oil pressure during QA check
outside tolerance level
Ignition timing for Run 5
changed to 2.8° BTDC
Analyzer drift checks between
Runs 13 and 14 take too much
time
Impinger on outlet moisture train
broken. No spare is available
Corrective Action Planned
Minimum number of points (8) used
5-min spikes changed to 2-min spikes
Heated flexible sample line inserted
into sample train split after heated
filter box
Acetaldehyde / acrolein cylinder used
as make-up air for formalin solution
New baseline set-point will be 0.4°
BTDC, which reflects lean-burn
modification to engine
New value of 0.015 Ib. water / Ib. air
used
Value of 30 ppm acetaldehyde will be
used instead of 100 ppm on cylinder
New timing values defined as 1 .8° for
normal, 0.3° for advanced, 5.3° for
retarded
No corrective action planned since oil
pressure is a secondary parameter
For subsequent runs, ignition timing
will be set to yield a cylinder peak
pressure at 18°ATDC
Checks between Runs 13 and 14 will
be dropped, and observed drift over
the entire period will be applied to
Run 13 and Run 14 data sets
Outlet impinger train for moisture will
use 3 impingers instead of one
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
July 2000
-------
6.6 DATA QUALITY ASSESSMENT
EPA used the Data Quality Objective (DQO) Process to plan the test program. The
DQO Process consists of seven distinct steps.
1. State the problem.
2. Identify the decision.
3. Define inputs to the decision.
4. Define the study boundaries.
5. Develop the decision rule.
6. Specify tolerable limits on decision errors
7. Optimize the design for obtaining data.
The DQO outputs for this test program were presented in the Quality Assurance
Project Plan. The problem was defined in the QAPP and is restated below.
EPA believes that there is a need to conduct emission tests on a subset of engines of
differing designs to evaluate the following issues:
• the effectiveness of after-combustion control systems on HAP emissions, and
• the effectiveness of combustion modifications (engine operating parameters) on
HAP emissions.
EPA then developed a decision statement. The decision statement defined the process
that would be used to answer the stated problem. The decision statement is restated below:
If EPA can identify a range of engine operating conditions for a defined set of
engines with specified after-combustion treatment systems and a list of pollutants of
interest, and EPA collects data to determine emissions of those pollutants for each
engine operated at each engine operating condition, then EPA can make a
determination of the control effectiveness of after-combustion and combustion
modifications. In addition, EPA can obtain information on HAP emissions
throughout the engine operating range.
PES, EECL, and EMI conducted the test program on the Cooper-Bessemer
GMV-4-TF, natural gas-fired, 2-stroke, lean-burn, reciprocating internal combustion engine.
The MiraTech oxidation catalyst was designed to provide the information required by the
decision statement. Based upon the inputs, EPA will make decisions that will be used to
regulate this engine subcategory. Inputs to the decision were defined, agreed to, and
documented in the QAPP. These inputs consisted of agreement on a finite list of engines to
test, the after-combustion control systems to test, the range of engine operating conditions,
the catalyst conditioning process, the target list of pollutants, and the sampling and analysis
methods, and sample durations.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 6-30 July 2000
-------
During conduct of the test program, there were deviations from the QAPP. These
deviations were presented in the previous sub-section, as well as in Table 6.14. Additional
deviations to the QAPP are discussed in Section 3.0 for deviations in engine operation, and
Section 5.0 for deviations in Sampling and Analysis procedures.
Table 6.15 presents a summary of engine and sample method performance compared
to the QAPP requirements. Outlier and data validation issues have been discussed in
previous sections. Based upon the engine and method performance, the data quality is
evaluated on a run-by-run basis for suitability in the assessment of pollutant emissions and
destruction efficiency of HAPs by the catalyst.
Six engine parameters were varied over the course of the test program. The
parameters were changed so that emissions data and HAP destruction efficiency could be
evaluated at a range of engine operating conditions. These conditions are expected to
simulate the range of engine operating conditions in industry. Table 6.15 identifies the
number of engine parameters that were within the tolerances proscribed in the QAPP. The
target engine operating conditions were estimates based upon manufacturer's
recommendations. There are differences between these recommendations and the nominal
engine operating parameters of the GMV-4-TF engine located at the EECL. When testing
was conducted some of the proscribed engine parameters could not be met. The fact that a
pre-set engine parameter could not be met is considered to be minor. The testing was
conducted over a range of engine operating conditions, and these operating conditions are
documented.
The remainder of the table assesses data quality using a three-tiered system. A (/ +)
indicates that all method performance parameters defined in the QAPP and/or the sampling
method were met. A (S) indicates that at least 90 % of the method performance parameters
were met. In the case of FTIRS and CEMS detection limits, there were no detection limits
specified in the QAPP..The calculated detection limits are reasonable for this test program.
A (/ -) indicates that fewer than 90 % of the method performance parameters were
met. This was the case in the QA/QC requirement for GCMS at the catalyst inlet, and for the
PAH sampling runs at the catalyst inlet and outlet locations. At the catalyst inlet, the results
of the GCMS continuing calibrations for toluene were slightly outside of the requirement of
± 20 % for three of the four days of testing. The continuing calibration for hexane was
slightly outside of the limit on one day. For the PAH testing the isokinetic sampling ratios
were not met. Because the sampling ratios were low, the volume collected during each PAH
sampling run was also low, which resulted in PAH in-stack detection limits approximately
15% higher than those proscribed in the QAPP.
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF 6-31 July 2000
-------
TABLE 6.15
SUMMARY OF ENGINE AND METHOD PERFORMANCE
Run ID
Engine Parameters Met
1A
5/6
2/7
5/6
3
5/6
4
5/6
5
6/6
6
5/6
8
5/6
9A
6/6
10
6/6
11
5/6
12
5/6
13
6/6
14
6/6
15
5/6
16
5/6
PAH1
5/6
PAH 2
5/6
PAH 3
5/6
Catalyst Met
FTIR QA Requirements
FTIR Detection Limits '
CEMS QA Requirements
CEMS Detection Limits '
GCMS QA Requirements
GCMS Detection Limits
PAH QA Requirements
PAH Detection Limits
/ +
/ +
/ +
_
/ +
/ +
/-
*
/ +
/ +
/ +
_
/
/ +
/-
.
/ +
/ +
S-
S +
_
S +
S
/ +
s-
,
^ +
/
/ +
~
'*
/ +
/.
~
X +
/ +
^ +
_
^ +
/ +
/ +
~
/ +
/ +
/ +
_
/
/ +
S-
~
/ +
s
/ ' +
_
/ +
J
S +
_
/ +
/ +
/*
_
/ +
,
/*
/-
'*
^ +
^ +
/-
/ +
,
/ +
/-
Catalyst Outlet
FTIR QA Requirements
FTIR Detection Limits '
CEMS QA Requirements
CEMS Detection Limits *
GCMS QA Requirements
GCMS Detection Limits
PAH QA Requirements
PAH Detection Limits
,
/ +
/ +
-
/
/ +
/ +
~
'
/
/ +
_
/
/+'
/ +
_
'
/ +
/ +
_
/
J
S +
~
/
/ +
/ +
~
'
/ +
/ +
_
'
/ +
/*
_
,
/ +
/ +
~
'
J
/ +
~
^
/
/ +
~
/
/ +
/ +
~
•^
/ +
/ +
*
,
/ +
/ +
"
,
/ +
/*
/-
/
/ +
/ +
/-
•^
/ +
/ +
/-
Assessment of Data Quality
Catalyst Inlet Mass Flow
Catalyst Outlet Mass Flow
HAP Destruction Efficiency
/
/ +
/
/
/ +
/
/
/-r
'
/
/ +
^
/
/ +
/
s
/-
'
/
/ +
'
/
/ +
^
/
/ +
/
/
/ +
^
S
/ +
'
s
s +
'
/
/ +
^
/
/ +
'
'
s +
'
/
/
^
/
/
'
S
/
/
Neither FTIRS nor CEMS detection limits were specified in the QAPP
Final Report Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
6-32
July 2000
-------
APPENDIX A
SUBCONTRACTOR TEST REPORT
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY ENGINES AND ENERGY CONVERSION
LABORATORY
"EMISSIONS TESTING OF CONTROL DEVICES FOR RECIPROCATING INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINES IN SUPPORT OF REGULATORY DEVELOPMENT BY THE
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA) PHASE 1: TWO-STROKE,
LEAN BURN, NATURAL GAS FIRED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES"
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
EMISSIONS TESTING OF CONTROL DEVICES
FOR
RECIPROCATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
IN SUPPORT OF REGULATORY DEVELOPMENT
BY THE
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA)
PHASE 1: TWO-STROKE, LEAN BURN, NATURAL GAS FIRED
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
Prepared for:
PACIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
Submitted by:
Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Colorado State University
Mechanical Engineering Department
MAY 18,1999
Statement of Confidentiality
This report has been submitted for the sole and exclusive use of Pacific Environmental Services, and shall not be disclosed or provided to
any other entity, corporation, or third part for purposes beyond the specific scope or intent of this document without the express written
consent of Colorado State University
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
1.2 Background
2.0 TEST PROGRAM
2.1 Objective
2.2 Incentives
2.3 Work Plan
3.0 DEVIATIONS TO TEST PROGRAM
3.1 FTIR Validation
3.2 FTIR Post Catalyst Water Analysis
3.3 Baseline Engine Operating Conditions
3.4 Two-Stroke engine Test Matrix
4.0 TEST SAMPLING PROCEDURES
4.1 General Test Procedures
4.2 Test Specifics-Data Collection
4.3 Test Specifics-Engine Stability
4.4 Test Specifics-Data Collection Hardware
4.5 Test Specifics-Data Collection Process
4.6 Test Specifics-Emissions Analyzer General Test Procedures
4.7 Test Specifics-Emissions Analyzer Checks and Calibrations
4.8 Test Specifics-FTIR Calibration Procedures
4.9 Test Specifics- FTIR Validation Procedures
4.10 Test Specifics-General Calibration
4.11 Test Specifics-Test Bed General Description
Statement of Confidentiality
This report has been submitted for the sole and exclusive use of Pacific Environmental Services, and shall not be disclosed or provided to
any other entity, corporation, or third part for purposes beyond the specific scope or intent of this document -without the express written
consent of Colorado State University.
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX
Appendix A Engine Test Data
Appendix B Daily Baseline Data Points
Appendix C Test Point QC Checks
Appendix D Test Points
Appendix E Reference Method Analyzers Calibrations
Appendix F FTIR Calibration
Appendix G FTIR Validation
Appendix H Calibration Gas Certification Sheets
Appendix I Baseline Methane/Non-Methane Analyzer
Appendix J Pressure and Temperature Calibrations
Appendix K Equipment Certification Sheets
Appendix L Dynamometer Calibration
Appendix M Dynamometer Calibration Procedure
Appendix N Gas Analysis
Appendix O Gas Analysis Calibrations
Appendix P Gas Analysis Calculations - Fuel Specific F Factor
Appendix Q Stoichiometric Air/Fuel Calculations
Appendix R Computing Air/Fuel Ratio from Exhaust Composition
Appendix S "An Investigation on Inlet Air Humidity Effects on a Large-Bore, Two Stroke
Natural Gas Fired Engine"
Appendix T "Derivation of General Equation for Obtaining Engine Exhaust Emissions on a Mass
Basis Using the "Total Carbon" Method"
Appendix U Annubar Flow Calculations
Appendix V Additional Calculations
Appendix W "Compilation of Emissions Data for Stationary Reciprocating Gas Engines and Gas
Turbines in Use by American Gas Association Member Companies"
Appendix X Exhaust Piping Schematic
Statement of Confidentiality
This report has been submitted for the sole and exclusive use of Pacific Environmental Services, and shall not be disclosed or provided to
any other entity, corporation, or third pan for purposes beyond the specific scope or intent of this document without the express written
consent of Colorado State University.
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW
Natural gas fueled and diesel fueled reciprocating engines represent a large portion of the
horsepower in operation within the oil and gas industry and power generation markets. With
stringent emissions regulations being required by federal, state, and local agencies, information about
current engine emission levels and development of new technologies to reduce and control emissions
levels has become essential for federal agencies, engine manufacturers, and equipment operators.
Criteria pollutants and Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPS) issues are of major concern for both two-
stroke and four-stroke engine operators. Current Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and
natural gas industry funded test programs are directed toward evaluating emission levels from
existing engines, determining formation mechanisms for the exhaust gas constituents of interest, and
developing new technologies to reduce the emissions levels of these constituents. The investigation
of the application of commercially available techniques designed to address the HAPs emissions
from reciprocating internal combustion engines (RICEs) will allow the EPA to quantify the
effectiveness of current commercially available control devices. These devices have been identified
as having the potential to reduce HAPs emissions from stationary RICE sources. Information gained
through this program will assist the EPA in the regulatory development effort.
Accurate information on emission levels from operational facilities is difficult to obtain. Based upon
a recommendation from the Internal Combustion Coordinating Rulemaking Committee (ICCR) to
the EPA, testing is being conducted on industrial class engines at the Industrial Engine Test Facility
operated by Colorado State University. Testing is being conducted on both two-stroke and four-
stroke, natural gas and diesel fueled industrial class engines. The test program for two-stroke, lean
burn, natural gas fueled internal combustion engine has been performed during Phase One of this test
program. The results of Phase One testing are contained within this document.
1.2 BACKGROUND
The 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act include provisions that significantly impact the
operation of stationary reciprocating internal combustion engines. Of the ten titles to these
amendments, four have direct bearing. They are as follows:
Title I - Attainment of Air Quality Standards
Defines ambient air quality standards, defines non-attainment areas based, imposes
emissions reductions to achieve attainment per specified timeline per reasonably
available control technology (RACT).
Emissions Testing 1 . l Pacif,c Environmental Services
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By the U.S. EPA.
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COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
Title III - Hazardous Air Pollutants
Defines 189 pollutants classified as hazardous air pollutants (HAPS), specifies
thresholds in tons per year (TPY) for any one of these pollutants or a combination of
these compounds, introduces maximum achievable control technology (MACT) for
sources triggering thresholds.
Title V - Operating Permits
Imposes requirement to obtain federal operating permits for major sources, imposes
requirement to provide annual certification of compliance, defines emissions fees based
on actual emissions.
Title VII - Enforcement
Establish mechanisms to enhance and strengthen enforcement of CAA, establishes
criminal penalties, gives authority to issue administrative orders (fines / penalties)
without going to federal court for certain violations.
Because of the significant economic and operational impacts of the CAAA and subsequent
rulemakings by the EPA and state agencies, reciprocating internal combustion engine research has
focused efforts into research programs directed at cost-effective reduction and monitoring of
emissions from these sources. Specifically, much of the work performed to date has focused on the
reduction of NOX emissions, with very good success. These efforts have developed control
strategies for NOX reductions by either altering the combustion process or by means of exhaust gas
after treatment. Currently, none of these strategies focus on the formation / reduction of air toxins.
The EPA in conjunction with the RICE Work Group of the ICCR process has determined that
additional emissions data for HAPs exhaust gas constituents is necessary to support the regulatory
development process. In a RICE Emissions Test Plan Document dated November 1997, a five
component test plan to acquire additional HAPs emissions test data was set forth. The five
components include the following:
Engines, Fuels, and Emissions Controls to be tested
Matrix of Operating Conditions to be tested
Pollutants to be Measured During Testing
Test Methods to Quantify Emissions
Prioritization
Seven HAPs pollutants are included in the test plan. These compounds are BTEX ( Benzene,
Toluene, Ethlybenzene, and Xylene), formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein. Naphthalene, 1-3
Butadiene, and PAH's are also included. N-hexane and metals are included for diesel fuel engines.
Emissions Testing 1 - 2 Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
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By the U.S. EPA.
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
Criteria pollutants are measured for all engines and particulate matter will be measured for the diesel
engine, depending upon available funding.
Insight gained through the test program will provide information on the engine operating conditions
thut affect the formation / reduction mechanisms of HAPs. The investigation of the application of
commercially available techniques designed to address the HAPs emissions from RICEs will allow
the EPA to quantify the effectiveness of current commercially available control devices. These
devices have been identified as having the potential to reduce HAPs emissions from stationary RICE
sources. Information gained through this program will assist the EPA in the regulatory development
effort.
Emissions Testing 1 - 3 Pacific Environmental Services
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2.0 TEST PROGRAM
2.1 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this program is to evaluate commercially available catalyst technologies which have
been identified as having the potential to control both formaldehyde and other Hazardous Air
Pollutants (HAPS) as well as existing criteria pollutants from reciprocating internal combustion
engines (RICE). The specific internal combustion engine class tested under the Phase One test
program was the two-stroke, lean burn, natural gas fueled internal combustion engines. The catalyst
hardware was evaluated according to the 16-point test matrix developed by the EPA, and the
Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine (RICE) Work Group of the ICCR process. Investigation
of catalyst performance during operation at various engine operating conditions provides insight into
the effectiveness of catalysts at various conditions. The information gained through the test program
will assist the EPA in regulatory development efforts for control of HAPs emissions and criteria
pollutants from RICE sources.
2.2 INCENTIVES
Title III of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendment requires the development of Maximum Achievable
Control Technology (MACT) standards for major sources of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)
emissions. A MACT major source is defined as one that emits greater than 10 tons per year of any
single HAP or 25 tons per year for all HAPs. For most source categories (RICE included), the
MACT standards will require existing major sources apply HAPs emissions control technologies that
reduce emissions to a level achieved by the best performing existing sources. In some cases,
depending upon the cost of the control technology and the amount and toxicity of the HAPs
removed, more stringent standards may be set. The MACT standards for RICEs are scheduled to be
promulgated by the year 2000.
Of the HAPs listed, the EPA in conjunction with the Internal Combustion Coordinating Rulemaking
Committee (ICCR) have identified compounds which may be present in the exhaust of reciprocating
internal combustion engines. Existing test data indicates that the only HAPs present in the exhaust
of RICEs at levels approaching 10 tons per year is formaldehyde. Currently, commercially available
technologies which may have the potential ability toward reducing HAPs emissions from RICEs are
after treatment technologies (catalyst).
Commercially available after-treatment technologies (catalysts) for the control of organic compound
emissions are currently in operation on RICEs. These technologies have demonstrated performance
for control of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and products of incomplete combustion.
However, there is limited information on the effectiveness of these technologies for reducing organic
Emissions Testing 2 - 1 Pacific Environmental Services
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-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
HAPs emissions. Determining the effectiveness and longevity of exhaust catalyst will aid the EPA
in evaluating current technologies for control of HAPs emissions from RICE sources as well as
provide information in support of regulatory development by the EPA for these sources.
2.3
WORK PLAN
Pacific Environmental Services (PES) serves as the prime contractor responsible for providing
information to the EPA. CSU is a subcontractor to PES. Testing was conducted at the Colorado
State University 's Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory. The engine and catalyst type tested
is described in Table 1.
TABLE 1
ENGINE AND CATALYST TYPE
Engine Classification
Manufacturer and type
Number of Cylinders
Bore and Stroke
Engine Speed
Ignition System Classification
Ignition System
Precombustion Chamber Type
Number of Precombustion Chambers
Catalyst Classification
Manufacturer
Element Size
Number of Elements
Two-Stroke, Lean Burn, Natural Gas Fueled
Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
4
14"xl4"
300 RPM
Spark Ignited Precombustion Chamber
Altronic CPU-2000
Diesel Supply "Screw In" Chamber
1 Per Cylinder
Oxidation Type
Miratech Corporation
12"xl6"x3"
2
The test matrix as defined, is described in Table 2 with engine baseline conditions shown in Table 3.
Deviations from the described test conditions are detailed in Section 3 of this report. Each test point
consisted of collecting thirty-three minutes of data. The raw data was averaged into thirty-three one-
minute data points. The data points were then averaged to provide the results for the single test
point. The results are presented in tabular form in Appendix A of this report.
Emissions Testing
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2-2
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-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
TABLE 2
SIXTEEN POINT TEST MATRIX
ENGINE OPERATING CONDITIONS
COOPER-BESSEMER GMV-4VTF (2-STROKE LFAN BURN, NATURAL-GAS-FIRED)
US EPA ICCR RICE HAP EMISSION TESTING
Operating
Conditions to be
Tested:
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Run 4
Run 5
Run 6
Run?
Run 8
Run 9
Run 10
Run 11
Run 12
Run 13
Run 14
Run 15
Run 16
Speed
(rpm)
H
H
L
L
H
H
H
L
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
L = 270
H = 300
Torque (%
of baseline)
H
L
L
H
H
H
L
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
L = 70
H=100
Air-to-Fuel
Ratio
N
N
N
N
L
H
H
L
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N = 0.33
L = 0.30
H = 0.36
Timing
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
L
H
S
S
S = 2.5
L=l
H = 6
Air
Manifold
Temp.
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
L
H
S
S
S
S
S
S
S = 110
L = 90
H=130
Jacket
Water
Temp.
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
L
H
S
S
S
S
S=165
L=155
H=175
Emissions Testing
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By the U.S. EPA.
2-3
Pacific Environmental Services
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
TABLE 3
COOPER BESSEMER GMV - 4TF BASELINE CONDITIONS
Engine Operating Parameters
Engine Torque
Engine Speed
Jacket Water Temperature Outlet
Engine Oil Temperature Outlet
Air Manifold Temperature
Air Manifold Pressure
Exhaust Manifold Pressure
Ignition Timing*
Overall Air/Fuel Ratio
Inlet Air Humidity-Absolute
Engine Fuel Flow SCFH
Engine Oil Pressure Inlet
Inlet Air Flow
Average Engine Exhaust Temperature
Nominal Value
7,702 ft-lb.
300 RPM
165°F
155°F
110°F
7. 5 "Hg above Atm.
2.5"Hg below AMP
10°BTDC
42:1
0.001 5 Ib. H2O/lb.
Air
3,650 SCFH
28 Ib.
1,600-1, 700 SCFM
700°F
Acceptable Range
± 2% of value
± 5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
± 10% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
± 5% of value
±5% of value
Designation
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
*Note: Actual engine ignition timing was at 0.4°BTDC for baseline conditions. This was
due to the use of precombustion chambers as the ignition source. The standard
ignition timing in the test matrix was set at 1.8°BTDC. Actual ignition timing
during test program was determined based on setting location of peak pressure at
nominal conditions. Deviations are detailed in Section 3 of this report.
Emissions Testing
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By the U.S. EPA.
2-4
Pacific Environmental Services
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
3.0 DEVIATIONS TO TEST PROGRAM
Testing on the two-stroke, lean burn, natural gas fired 1C engine was conducted between March 31,
1999 and April 2, 1999. Prior to initiation of the 16 point test matrix, a validation procedure was
performed on the two FTIR analyzers. The analyzers were validated for formaldehyde, acrolein, and
acetaldehyde. Modifications to the baseline engine operating conditions were made prior to the
beginning of the test matrix. The variances from the original test program are described below:
3.1 FTIR VALIDATION
A validation procedure was performed on the two FTIR analyzers. Eastern Research Group (ERG)
performed the validation procedures on March 30, 1999. The validation procedure was conducted in
basic accordance with procedures outlined in EPA Method 301-"Field Validation of Pollutant
Measurement Methods from Various Waste Media". Validation procedures for aldehydes utilized an
analyte spiking technique as specified in Method 301. Validation procedures for NOX, CO, and
moisture were not performed. The validation for the criteria pollutants will use the data collected
during the test program to perform the validation procedures. Comparative sampling to the
appropriate EPA reference methods, (Method 7E & 20, Method 10, and Method 4, respectively), for
these compounds will be performed by comparing FTIR analyzer data to reference methods data
generated during the test program. If requested, validation procedures for CO2 and THC could be
performed. The appropriate EPA reference method for comparative sampling would be Method 20
and Method 25A, respectively. Deviations from the described procedures are as follows:
Analyte Spiking:
The validation for the target aldehyde compounds was carried out by means of dynamic
analyte spiking of the sample gas. The sample stream of the exhaust gas was spiked with all
of the specific analytes simultaneously. This change had no impact on the test procedure or
results.
Formaldehyde:
Formaldehyde spike gas was generated by volatilization of a formalin solution prepared
from a stock formalin solution of 37% formaldehyde by weight. The solution was
vaporized by means of a heated vaporization block. The vaporized formalin solution
then mixed with a carrier gas and flowed into the sample exhaust stream. Carrier gas
flow rate was measured by a mass flow meter equipped with readout. The carrier gas
was to be Nitrogen; however, since it was determined to perform the validation process
for all aldehyde compounds simultaneously, the Acetaldehyde/Acrolein blend calibration
gas was used as a carrier gas for the vaporized Formaldehyde. No impact on the quality
of the validation data resulted from this deviation in procedure.
Emissions Testing 3 - 1 Pacific Environmental Services
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COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
Acetlyaldehyde/Acrolein
Acetlyaldehyde and acrolein spiked samples were generated from a certified gas
standard (Scott Specialty Gases, ±2% analytical accuracy) which contain both analyte
species and a sulfur hexaflouride (SFg) tracer gas. The gas flow rate was measured by a
mass flow meter equipped with readout. The validation of Acetaldehyde/Acrolein was
conducted in conjunction with the Formaldehyde validation. No impact on the quality of
the validation data resulted from this deviation in procedure.
Upon investigation, it was determined that the Acetaldehyde calibration gas standards
supplied by Scott Specialty Gases were inaccurate. The Nicolet Rega 7000 FTIR, which
had previously been validated for Acetaldehyde, showed that the calibration gases for
Acetaldehyde were reading lower ppm values than the certification indicated. The
spectra for the Acetaldehyde were analyzed and the calibration gases were found to have
an impurity in the standard. A method was developed to compensate for the impurity so
that the Acetaldehyde standards could be analyzed on the Nicolet Magna 560 FTIR.
The two component standard for Acetaldehyde/Acrolein was used to perform the
validation process. The concentration of the Acetaldehyde in the two component
standard was determined by analyzing the spectra with both FTIRs. Both units were in
agreement on the value of the Acetaldehyde concentration in the calibration standard.
The validation process was conducted, and upon completion, the calibration gas standard
was shipped to PES for evaluation. Scott Specialty Gases was contacted and informed of
the situation. The other calibration standards for Acetaldehyde were returned to Scott
Specialty Gases for analysis. Scott Specialty Gases have not made a final determination
on all the gases. PES will provide information on the two component standard used for
the validation process.
Impact on the validation process:
1. The calibration gas standard is analyzed and found to be in agreement with the field
evaluation. The validation for the Acetaldehyde will be complete.
2. The calibration gas standard is analyzed and found to not be in agreement with the
field evaluation. In this event, several options are available:
- The validation for the Acetaldehyde will need to be performed and data
adjusted if the initial validation is deemed inaccurate.
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- Third party analysis of the spectra to determine if the Acetaldehyde
concentration values are correct. It is anticipated that this would be performed
by ERG.
- Other options may exist and should be explored with the assistance of EPA,
PES, ERG, and CSU.
- Acceptance of data based upon analysis of the calibration gas by the Nicolet
Rega 7000, which has previously been validated for Acetaldehyde, Acrolein,
and Formaldehyde.
3.2 FTIR POST CATALYST WATER ANALYSIS
Analysis method on the Nicolet Magna 560 FTIR analyzer gave water measurements that were
excessively high for post-catalyst emissions measurements. The spectra for H2O, provided by
Nicolet, on the Magna 560 calculated water content to be approximately 6% higher than actual
exhaust gas concentrations. Carbon balance calculations for each one-minute data point, at all test
conditions, agreed with the H2O readings from the Rega 7000 FTIR analyzer, pre-catalyst emissions
measurement. The measurements agreed within ±0.5% to ±1% water content. The carbon balance
calculations for the post catalyst water content agreed with the pre catalyst measurements within
±0.5% to ±1% water content at all test conditions. The carbon balance measurements are based upon
the pre-catalyst and post-catalyst reference method analyzers. Since the pre-catalyst and post-
catalyst measurements were made with separate analyzers, the variability in the H2O calculation
could be caused by variability in emissions analyzers.
Water content in the exhaust is dependent upon the actual combustion process within the engine's
combustion chambers. Since water is one of the major products of combustion, as the combustion
process varies, so will the water content in the exhaust. Changes in engine operating parameters over
the sixteen-point test matrix caused changes in the products of combustion, water being one of these
products. As the actual combustion process was being modified based on the varying engine
operating conditions at each test point, the water content in the exhaust changed with these
variations.
The changes in the water content were calculated by the carbon balance method and detected by the
FTIR analyzer. Based on the agreement between the post-catalyst FTIR measurements and the
carbon balance calculation for water content, at every test condition, and between the pre-catalyst
and post-catalyst calculations, the water content from the post-catalyst FTIR measurements were
used to convert the wet FTIR measurements to dry measurements. New water spectra will be
generated for the Nicolet Magna 560 FTIR analyzer and the spectra re-analyzed for water content.
As both FTIR analyzers passed the validation process and passed all QC checks, the variation in
water readings from the Nicolet Magna 560 analyzer has no impact on the results of the testing
conducted during Phase One of the overall test program.
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3.3 BASELINE ENGINE OPERATING CONDITIONS
Baseline engine operating conditions as described in the Scope of Work are presented in Table 3 of
this report. Deviations from the Baseline engine operating conditions as presented are as follows:
Engine Torque:
Full load engine torque is 7720 foot pounds of torque. The baseline torque was stated as
7702 ft.lbs. This is a misprint. Documentation should be corrected to show 7720 ft.lbs. as
full load torque.
Humidity Ratio:
Baseline humidity ratio is 0.015-lb. H2O/lb. air. The baseline humidity ratio was stated as
0.0015-lb. H2O/lb. air . This is a misprint. Documentation should be corrected to show
0.015-lb. H2O/lb. air as baseline humidity ratio.
Ignition Timing:
Ignition timing for the baseline was documented as 10°BTDC. This is correct for the engine
when operating with standard spark plug ignition. When operating in a lean burn
configuration, spark ignited precombustion chambers are required. A high energy ignition
source is required to light the lean air/fuel ratios. The ignition timing is retarded to
compensate for the increase in released energy from the precombustion chambers and
accelerated burn durations. The ignition timing is typically set between 0°BTDC and
4°BTDC for precombustion chamber operation depending upon the engine. The adjustments
in ignition timing are made to maintain engine power cylinder operation at design peak
pressure and location of peak pressure. If ignition timing was maintained at 10°BTDC and
not retarded to compensate for the higher energy ignition source (precombustion chamber),
power cylinder peak pressures and temperatures would exceed manufacturer's safety factors.
Engine NOx emissions would increase exponentially, and operation of the engine in this
manner would lead to a catastrophic failure.
Ignition timing for the Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4TF was set at 0.4°BTDC. At this ignition
timing, engine power cylinder peak pressures and location of peak pressures agreed with
engine data when operating with standard spark plugs at 10°BTDC. Average location of
peak pressure for the power cylinders was maintained at approximately 18°ATDC. Average
power cylinder peak pressure was approximately 500 psia. This adjustment was made for
the engine baseline point.
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Operation of the engine in this manner is typical of field engine operation. All two-stroke,
lean burn, natural gas fueled engines equipped with precombustion chambers have ignition
timing which is retarded in relation to their standard spark plug ignited counterparts. Testing
results generated are typical of all large-bore, two-stroke, lean burn, natural gas fired 1C
engines.
3.4 TWO-STROKE ENGINE TEST MATRIX
The two-stroke engine sixteen point test matrix and associated engine operating conditions as
described in the Scope of Work are presented in Table 3 of this report. During testing discrepancies
between the CSU "Scope of Work" and the QAPP in relation to engine operating conditions were
identified. The QAPP referenced engine operating data in relation to field engines originally
proposed in the ICCR process and not the engines at Colorado State University. Deviations from the
engine operating conditions described in the sixteen-point test matrix are referenced to the CSU
"Scope of Work". Deviation from the described engine operating conditions are as follows:
Global Deviation in Engine Operating Conditions
Ignition Timing:
Ignition timing for the nominal engine operating condition was documented as 2.5°BTDC.
Ignition timing for the Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4TF was set at 1.8°BTDC as the nominal
engine ignition timing. At this ignition timing, engine power cylinder peak pressures and
location of peak pressures agreed with field engine data. This operating point is the designed
operating point for this engine. Average location of peak pressure for the power cylinders
was maintained at approximately 18°ATDC. Average power cylinder peak pressure was
approximately 500 psia. Similar conditions are achieved when operating with standard spark
plugs at an ignition timing of 10°BTDC. This adjustment was made for the engine at
nominal test conditions, Test Point 1. Engine ignition timing was adjusted to maintain an
average location of peak pressure for all power cylinders at 18°ATDC. The only exceptions
were at test conditions where cylinder imbalance was adjusted (Test Points 15 and 16), or
where ignition timing was intentionally varied (Test Points 13 and 14). At these conditions,
the average location of peak pressures were allowed to deviate from the nominal condition.
Because of the adjustment to the nominal ignition timing, the low "L" and high "H" ignition
timings, relative to nominal conditions, were determined to be 0.2°BTDC and 3.9°BTDC,
respectively.
Operation of the engine in this manner is typical of field engine operation. Although field
installations typically do not have ability to monitor power cylinder pressures and make
adjustments on a real time basis, routine maintenance and pressure balancing procedures
ensure the engine is operating at the design condition. Since the test facility is designed to
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simulate multiple engine configurations at varying operating conditions, continual
monitoring and adjustment of ignition timing is required to maintain design operation.
Testing results generated are typical of large-bore, two-stroke, lean burn, natural gas fired 1C
engines used in field operation.
Test Point Specific Variances
Only deviations, which were not previously described in the "Global Deviation" section, will
be described.
Test Point 1A:
Test Point 1A is a complete set of data for Test Point 1. The original Test Point 1 was taken
on MarchSO, 1999. The test point was found to be missing data from the FTIR analyzers;
therefore, the point was duplicated on March 1, 1999 and renamed Test Point 1A.
Test Point 2 and Test Point 7:
Test Point 2 and Test Point 7 were combined during the engine test program. The test points
are described in the following table.
TABLE 4
ENGINE OPERATING CONDITIONS
COOPER-BESSEMER GMV-4VTF (2-STROKE LEAN BURN, NATURAL-GAS-FIRED)
US EPA ICCR RICE HAP EMISSION TESTING
Operating
Conditions to be
Tested:
Run 2
Run 7
Speed
(rpm)
H
H
L = 270
H = 300
Torque (%
of baseline)
L
L
L = 70
H=100
Air-to-Fuel
Ratio
N
H
N = 0.33
L = 0.30
H = 0.36
Timing
S
S
S = 2.5
L=l
H = 6
Air
Manifold
Temp.
S
S
S= 110
L = 90
H=130
Jacket
Water
Temp.
S
S
S= 165
L=155
H=175
The engine parameter, which was modified for these test conditions, was overall engine air-
fuel-ratio. The air-to-fuel ratio was described in terms of overall equivalence ratios for the
"N" and "H" values. The values presented in the test plan were unrealistically rich for two-
stroke engines operating under these conditions. The minimum amount of air that would be
delivered by a two-stroke engine, either lean burn or piston scavenged, corresponds to a
piston scavenged unit. A piston scavenged engine delivers air to the engine by means of air
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compressor pistons (scavenging pistons) driven directly off of the engine crankshaft. Air
delivery in this manner is typically lower than air delivery from standard turbocharged
configurations, supercharger configurations, or turbocharged, lean burn configurations.
Additionally, air delivery on piston scavenged engines is proportional to engine speed.
To achieve the desired air-to-fuel ratios described in the test plan would have required
dropping engine air manifold pressure below the minimum air manifold pressure that would
be supplied by a piston scavenged unit at the same conditions. Therefore, it was determined
to operate the engine at an air manifold pressure typical of a piston-scavenged unit at similar
operating conditions. Based on testing at CSU and field engine operating data (example
contained in Appendix W), the boost pressure required to achieve similar conditions has
been determined to be 7.75"Hg (3.75"Hg boost achieve similar air manifold pressure + 4"Hg
boost to provide similar barometric pressure). At this air manifold pressure, the overall air-
to-fuel ratio was 58.9, which was leaner than the requested air-to-fuel ratio for either Test
Point 2 or Test Point 7. It was decided to combine the two test points into one since neither
of the two original test points was realistic of field engine operating conditions. Data, which
was gathered at the new "combined" test point, is realistic of field operating conditions.
Test Point 3:
Test Point 3 was collected with the engine operating at a leaner air-to-fuel ratio than
described in the original test matrix. The test point, as originally described in the test matrix,
is presented in the following table.
TABLE 5
ENGINE OPERATING CONDITIONS
COOPER-BESSEMER GMV-4VTF (2-STROKE LEAN BURN, NATURAL-GAS-FIRED)
US EPA ICCR RICE HAP EMISSION TESTING
Operating
Conditions to be
Tested:
Run 3
Speed
(rpm)
L
L = 270
H = 300
Torque (%
of baseline)
L
L = 70
H=100
Air-to-Fuel
Ratio
N
N = 0.33
L = 0.30
H = 0.36
Timing
S
S = 2.5
L= 1
H = 6
Air
Manifold
Temp.
S
S=110
L = 90
H=130
Jacket
Water
Temp.
S
S = 165
L=155
H=175
The engine parameters, which were modified for this test condition, was engine speed and
load. The air-to-fuel ratio was described in terms of overall equivalence ratios for the "N"
value. The value presented in the test plan was unrealistically rich for two-stroke engines
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operating under these conditions. The minimum amount of air that would be delivered by a
two-stroke engine, either lean burn or piston scavenged, corresponds to a piston scavenged
unit. A piston scavenged engine delivers air to the engine by means of air compressor
pistons (scavenging pistons) driven directly off of the engine crankshaft. Air delivery in this
manner is typically lower than air delivery from standard turbocharged configurations,
supercharger configurations, or turbocharged, lean burn configurations. Additionally, air
delivery on piston scavenged engines is proportional to engine speed.
To achieve the desired air-to-fuel ratio described in the test plan would have required
dropping engine air manifold pressures below the minimum air manifold pressure that would
be supplied by a piston scavenged unit at the same conditions. Therefore, it was determined
to operate the engine at an air manifold pressure typical of a piston-scavenged unit at similar
operating conditions. Based on testing at CSU and field engine operating data (example
contained in Appendix W), the boost pressure required to achieve similar conditions has
been determined to be 6.8"Hg (2.8"Hg boost achieve similar air manifold pressure + 4"Hg
boost to provide similar barometric pressure). At this air manifold pressure, the overall air to
fuel ratio was 64.1, which is leaner than described in the original test matrix. It was decided
to operate the engine at an air manifold pressure indicative of piston scavenged engine
operation at low speed conditions. Data, which was gathered at the new test condition, is
realistic of field operating conditions.
Test Point 4 and Test Point 8:
Test Point 4 and Test Point 8 were collected with the engine operating at 95% load. This was
the highest load achievable at this engine speed. The test points are described in the
following table.
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TABLE 6
ENGINE OPERATING CONDITIONS
COOPER-BESSEMER GMV-4VTF (2-STROKE LEAN BURN, NATURAL-GAS-FIRED)
US EPA ICCR RICE HAP EMISSION TESTING
Operating
Conditions to be
Tested:
Run 4
Run 8
Speed
(rpm)
L
L
L = 270
H = 300
Torque (%
of baseline)
H
H
L = 70
H=100
Air-to-Fuel
Ratio
N
L
N = 0.33
L = 0.30
H = 0.36
Timing
S
S
S = 2.5
L=l-
H = 6
Air
Manifold
Temp.
S
S
S= 110
L = 90
H= 130
Jacket
Water
Temp.
S
S
S = 165
L= 155
H=175
The engine parameter, which was modified for these test conditions, was engine speed and
load. The air-to-fuel ratio was described in terms of overall equivalence ratios for the "N"
and "L" values. Due to reduced engine speed, the highest achievable torque was 95%. At
reduced torque, engine exhaust temperatures will be lower than at full torque. NOX
emissions will typically be lower, and THC and CO emissions are usually higher. As a
general statement, HAPs emissions typically trend with the THC and CO emissions in lean
burn engines. The catalyst temperatures at these points are approximately 40°F - 60°F lower
than nominal conditions, Test Point 1A, and 50°F - 70°F higher than the coolest catalyst
temperatures achieved during the test program.
Typical engine operation in the field would allow for engines to operate at 80% - 100%
torque at lower speed operation. Piston scavenged units and standard turbocharged units
have the ability to run higher torque at reduced speeds. Lean bum engines, which place a
higher demand on turbocharger performance, have a harder time maintaining full torque at
lower speeds. The energy delivered to the turbocharger is insufficient to maintain engine
operation at full torque conditions at low speed operation.
When an engine is capable of achieving full torque conditions under slow speed operation,
engine exhaust temperatures would have been similar (lean burn) or slightly higher (piston
scavenged & standard turbocharger operation) when compared to nominal engine operating
conditions. The engine emissions would also be similar, with NOX emissions being the same
(lean burn) or higher (piston scavenged or standard turbocharger operation), and CO
emissions being the same or lower, lean burn or piston scavenged and standard turbocharger
operation respectively. Catalyst efficiencies would be similar or slightly increased if higher
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exhaust temperatures were present. The test data indicates that even at reduced torque, the
catalyst efficiencies are similar to nominal engine operating conditions. The operation of the
engine at 95% torque at low speed conditions is indicative of field engine operation at low
speed conditions.
Test Point 9A:
Test Point 9A is a complete set of data for Test Point 9. The original Test Point 9 was taken
and found to have a low engine speed. The point was duplicated and renamed Test Point 9A.
The humidity system, which was used to maintain constant inlet air humidity, was shut down
during this test point. The system experienced a failure prior to initiation of the test point
and it was determined to conduct the test point without inlet air humidity control. The set
point for humidity ratio for all test points is 0.015 Ibs. water / Ibs. dry air. The actual
humidity ratio for Test Point 9A was 0.0015 Ibs. water / Ibs. dry air.
Appendix S contains a paper entitled "An Investigation on Inlet Air Humidity Effects on a
Large-Bore, Two-Stroke Natural Gas Fired Engine" presented at the 1998 Gas Machinery
Conference. The paper presents work funded by the PRCI and GRI. The draft report for the
project is currently in review and final report is due to be released later this year. The paper
details the effects of variations in humidity on engine performance and emissions.
Results from investigation into the effects of humidity on engine emissions show the
following (Appendix S: Figure 27 - Figure 30):
- With increasing humidity ratio, NOX emissions decrease.
- With increasing humidity ratio formaldehyde production increases.
- With increasing humidity ratio, CO emissions decrease slightly while THC
emissions remain fairly constant.
- With increasing humidity ratio exhaust temperatures increase slightly,
approximately 5°F over the range of humidity ratios at the air manifold boost
pressure for Test Point 9A(Appendix S: Figure 9).
Over the range which the humidity ratio deviated from the test matrix for Test Point 9A, the
engine emissions should be similar to engine emissions at the specified humidity ratio. The
most dramatic effect will be on NOX emissions as can be seen from the data and the graphs
presented in Appendix S. At reduced air manifold temperatures (with engine operating
parameters remaining constant), reduction in NOX emissions would be the most noticeable
change. NOX emissions would be reduced due to the lower inlet air temperature and
increased inlet air density. At a constant humidity ratio, it would be expected that CH2O
emissions would either remain constant or increase slightly with similar changes in CO and
THC emissions.
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The data collected at Test Point 9A is indicative of engine field data under similar operating
conditions. The variation in humidity ratio represents minimal impact on the overall
emissions obtained for this data point. The most noticeable impact would be increased NOX
emissions due to changes in ambient conditions, which would result in elevated in-cylinder
temperatures and reduce heat capacity of the inlet air charge.
Test Point 11 and Test Point 12:
Test Point 11 and Test Point 12 were collected with the engine operating at different
conditions than presented in the original test plan. The original test points are described in
the following table.
TABLE 8
ENGINE OPERATING CONDITIONS
COOPER-BESSEMER GMV-4VTF (2-STROKE LEAN BURN, NATURAL-GAS-FIRED)
US EPA ICCR RICE HAP EMISSION TESTING
Operating
Conditions to be
Tested:
Run 11
Run 12
Speed
(rpm)
H
H
L = 270
H = 300
Torque (%
of baseline)
H
H
L = 70
H=100
Air-to-Fuel
Ratio
N
N
N = 0.33
L = 0.30
H = 0.36
Timing
S
S
S = 2.5
L= 1
H = 6
Air
Manifold
Temp.
S
S
S= 110
L = 90
H=130
Jacket
Water
Temp.
L
H
S=165
L=155
H=175
The engine parameter, which was modified for these test conditions, was overall engine
jacket water temperature. The jacket water temperatures were varied according to the
original test matrix, but the engine was not operating at the nominal conditions specified.
The engine was operating at conditions described in Test Point 8. The engine was operating
at low speed, 95% torque (full load torque at low speed application), and lean air to fuel
ratio. It was determined during the test program to acquire the data for Test Point 11 and
Test Point 12 at the Test Point 8 Conditions. This would allow one point of the PAH test
program to be taken simultaneously with these two points of the original test matrix. The
effects of variations in engine jacket water temperature can be quantified at either nominal
(standard) operating conditions, or at the operating conditions described in Test Point 8. The
data collected under the actual operating conditions for Test Point 11 and Test Point 12 is
indicative of engine field data under similar operating conditions and variations in engine
jacket water temperature at other load and speed conditions.
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Test Point 13 and Test Point 14:
Test Point 13 and Test Point 14 were collected with the engine operating at different ignition
timing than the ignition timing presented in the original test plan. The original test points
are described in the following table.
TABLE 7
ENGINE OPERATING CONDITIONS
COOPER-BESSEMER GMV-4VTF (2-STROKE LEAN BURN, NATURAL-GAS-FIRED)
US EPA ICCR RICE HAP EMISSION TESTING
Operating
Conditions to be
Tested:
Run 13
Run 14
Speed
(rpm)
H
H
L = 270
H = 300
Torque (%
of baseline)
H
H
L = 70
H=100
Air-to-Fuel
Ratio
N
N
N = 0.33
L = 0.30
H = 0.36
Timing
L
H
S = 2.5
L= 1
H = 6
Air
Manifold
Temp.
S
S
S- 110
L = 90
H= 130
Jacket
Water
Temp.
S
S
S= 165
L=155
H=175
The engine parameter, which was modified for these test conditions, was overall engine
ignition timing. The ignition timing for Test Point 13 and Test Point 14 was 0.2°BTDC and
3.9°BTDC, respectively. The "L" and "H" values were changed in accordance with the
change associated with the nominal ignition timing for precombustion chamber operation.
Refer to the Sections 3:2 and 3:3 for description of global deviation in ignition timing.
The difference in ignition timing of 1.5 degrees between the nominal and "L" condition was
achieved. The difference in ignition timing of 3.5 degrees between the nominal and "H"
condition was not achieved. A difference of 2.1 degrees was achieved between the nominal
and "H" condition. Advancing the ignition timing was limited to 2.1 degrees to prevent
unsafe operation of the engine. Ignition timing can only be advanced to the point at which
power cylinder peak pressures and/or cylinder temperatures reach a maximum allowable
operating limit. Operation of the engine above these limits could result in a catastrophic
failure of engine components. As described in documents provided to PES, and in the
original test matrix, values specified in the test matrix are target values and may vary slightly
depending on the engine's ability to accommodate the various operational swings. The data
collected under the actual operating conditions for Test Point 13 and Test Point 14 is
indicative of engine field data under similar operating conditions.
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PAH Test Points:
Although not described in the original CSU "Scope of Work", three two hour PAH test runs
were to be conducted upon completion of the sixteen point test matrix. The PAH test runs
were to be conducted at a one test point condition. The test point condition was to be
determined based on test data collected from the GCMS. Based on engine test data, it was
determined to operate the engine at the following test conditions:
PAH Test Run 1: Test Point 4
PAH Test Run 2: Test Point 8
PAH Test Run 3: Test Point 8 *
*Note: Test Points 11 and 12 were conducted during this PAH Test Run 3. Engine
jacket water temperature was varied during this test condition.
Conducting the PAH testing in this manner met with the guide lines of acquiring PAH data at
engine operating conditions, which were determined by data from GCMS measurements to
have the potential to generate PAH emissions.
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4.0 TEST SAMPLING PROCEDURES
Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Industrial Engine Test Facility
Colorado State University
To aid industrial engine research, Colorado State University was commissioned to design and
install a dedicated test facility for industrial class, reciprocating internal combustion engines.
The Industrial Engine Test Facility was installed at the Engines & Energy Conversion
Laboratory to provide a vehicle by which environmental and technological issues related to
industrial class engines could be evaluated in an independent, economical and efficient manner.
The facility would also provide a level of expertise and understanding not obtainable from field
testing.
4.1 GENERAL TEST PROCEDURES
As with any viable testing program, a procedure has been established which affords accurate and
repeatable results. The test program developed for the Industrial Engine Test Facility located at
the Colorado State University's Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory is no exception to this
rule. Testing criteria established for the test facility ensures that the data collected has a high
degree of accuracy and can be repeated if warranted. However, since the Industrial Engine Test
Facility was designed to allow for several different industrial engine types to be tested in a
laboratory environment, testing procedures differ somewhat from field test procedures and are
unique to this facility. The sampling procedure and calibration procedures are described under
their respective sections of the TEST SPECIFICS portion of this report.
4.2 TEST SPECIFICS -DATA COLLECTION
The data collection process has been standardized to afford accurate and repeatable results
throughout a test program. The high degree of accuracy, which can be obtained at the Industrial
Engine Test Facility, is due to the sophisticated level of instrumentation utilized at the facility.
However, without proper implementation no amount of instrumentation can assure accurate or
repeatable results. Therefore a specific outline of the data collection process has been developed
for the Industrial Engine Test Facility.
Data Point Definition
A typical data point consisted of engine operating data taken over a specified time period
and averaged. During normal field operations, engine-operating parameters will fluctuate.
Variations in facility process conditions can effect engine speed and load. Minimal control
equipment or equipment which is not specialized to provide precision control required for
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engine research, can also generate unstable operation. Changes in environmental
conditions during the course of a test program will introduce additional unknowns into
typical emissions field data. The Industrial Engine Test Facility was developed through an
initiative to provide a facility, which would provide accurate and repeatable data by
reducing variations in engine operation. Under controlled conditions at the EECL, these
fluctuations related to engine load, speed, environmental conditions, etc. have been
minimized. This type of effort has allowed for accurate and repeatable engine data to be
collected in a reduced time frame when compared to field research programs.
A standard data point collected at the EECL consists of engine operating data being
gathered over either a three-minute or five-minute period and averaged. It has been
determined, based on previous tests, that 3-5 minutes provides an acceptable time period
required for an appropriate data set to be collected and an average for each parameter
calculated.
The Large Bore Engine Testbed, which has been functional since 1993, used as a bench
mark for the other test beds at the EECL. A data point at the LBET consists of 101 engine-
operating parameters, which are collected and averaged for each data point. The data point
consists of 30 parameters which provide basic engine operating information, twenty
parameters which are received from the emissions computer and the remaining 51
parameters are engine combustion parameters calculated with a combustion analysis
system. For each data point an average value, minimum value, maximum value, and
standard deviation are obtained for all engine operation and emissions parameters
collected.
For the work conducted under this test program, a test point consisted of a series of data
points taken in succession and averaged. The data was gathered in 1-minute averages over
a 33-minute test period. Using a data set consisting of thirty-three, one-minute data points
would highlight any large fluctuations in load and other parameters that would have a
significant effect on emissions data. No fluctuations in data occurred during any test
points. This demonstrated that the engine was operating at a steady condition and the data
recorded in the individual data points was repeatable.
Table 9 provides information on the nominal number of samples collected under each data
point / test run scenario for the LBET.
Emissions Testing 4 - 2 Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
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By the U.S. EPA.
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TABLE 9
SAMPLING SPECIFICATIONS
Measured
Parameters
Engine
Operation
Emissions
CEMS
Emissions
FTIR
WGC
Cylinder
Combustion
DSP
Cylinder
Combustion
Number of Samples Collected
1 Minute
Data Point
30-60
30-60
45-50
200-266
432 K
30 Minute
Test Run
900-1800
900-1800
1350-1500
6000-7980
1296K
4.3 TEST SPECIFICS - ENGINE STABILITY
For data taken during testing to be reliable, the engine was operated in a state of equilibrium at
each test point. The engine control system allowed for engine operation data to be monitored so
that engine stability could be easily recognized. The stability of each specific engine's operation
was not only determined on a test point by test point basis, but also on a daily basis. Since
combustion parameters for each engine type will vary, engine-operating parameters were used to
determine engine stability. Procedures used for determining acceptable engine stability are as
follows:
Engine Stability: Engine Start Up Procedures
Prior to the beginning of data collection each day, the engine was "warmed up" and a
thermal equilibrium state established. This was nominally determined when the engine
coolant water systems and lubricating oil reached a steady state temperature. Once steady
state operation was achieved, a daily "baseline" data point was gathered. The length of
time required to obtain steady state operation was highly dependent upon the ambient
temperature and the temperature of the engine when started. Due to the dependence on
these factors, there was no pre-determined warm-up time.
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Engine Stability: Daily Baseline Data Point
The Scope of Work for the project required that a specified number of test points be
collected on the engine. The data collection process encompassed multiple days of testing.
To ensure that the engine was operating in a similar manner on each test day, a set of
engine "baseline" data was collected. An initial set of engine "baseline" data (one five-
minute data point) was collected prior to the first data point. On the ensuing test days, a
"baseline" data point was collected to verify the data collection for that day. The primary
engine operating parameters of the data point must compare to within a specified
acceptable range of the values of the primary engine operating parameters on the original
"baseline" data set for engine stability and to the baseline operating conditions specified in
Table 3. If primary engine operating parameters did not compare to within the
predetermined range, corrective measures were taken to isolate and correct the cause of the
unacceptable values for the primary engine operating parameters. Both CSU and PES
representatives initialized the daily "baseline" data set. All baseline data points were
acceptable during the test program. The primary/secondary engine operating parameters,
acceptable ranges, and their nominal values for a "baseline" data set are presented below in
Table 10:
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TABLE 10
COOPER BESSEMER GMV- 4-TF BASELINE CONDITIONS
Engine Operating Parameters
Engine Torque
Engine Speed
Jacket Water Temperature Outlet
Engine Oil Temperature Outlet
Air Manifold Temperature
Air Manifold Pressure
Exhaust Manifold Pressure
Ignition Timing
Overall Air/Fuel Ratio
Inlet Air Humidity-Absolute
Engine Fuel Flow SCFH
Engine Oil Pressure Inlet
Inlet Air Flow
Average Engine Exhaust
Temperature
Nominal Value
7720 ft-lb.
300 RPM
165°F
155°F
110°F
7.5"Hg above
Atm.
2.5"Hg below
AMP
0.4°BTDC
42/1
.015 lbH2O/lbAir
3650 SCFH
28 Ib.
1600-1 700 SCFM
700°F
Acceptable Range
±2% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
± 10% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
Designation
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
• Note: Based on Actual Engine Test Data
Engine Stability: Pre-Data Point Test Procedures
As with the daily engine "baseline" data point, the engine must maintain a stable mode of
operation prior to and during a test run. Changing various operating parameters to achieve
the desired test condition will cause the engine to operate in an unstable mode during the
transition period from one condition to the next. The engine parameter, which has the
most effect on engine equilibrium, is engine load. Fluctuations in load will result in erratic
and inaccurate emissions data and for this reason load was closely monitored during
testing. Changes in load will also affect the engine's thermal equilibrium and will require
the longest time for the engine to return to a thermal equilibrium state.
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Although the effects are not as significant as those of changing engine load, any changes in
air manifold pressure, temperature, exhaust back-pressure, or ignition timing also affected
the engine's equilibrium. As with load changes, the engine must be closely monitored for
return to an equilibrium state after any changes are made. Typically, the engine will return
to equilibrium, steady-state condition within 30-45 minutes. Prior to initiating a test run, a
pre-test run data point was gathered. The data point was five-minutes in length. For each
pre-test run data point, an average value, minimum value, maximum value, and standard
deviation were obtained for all engine operation and emissions parameters collected.
Primary engine operating parameters specified at a test condition must agree with the test
condition value within +/- 2% to +/-10% of the requested value dependent upon the engine
parameter. The relative standard deviations of the primary operating variables were below
1.0% for engine operating parameters and below 3.0% for the engine emissions
parameters. The primary engine operating parameters and their nominal values for a "pre-
test run" data point are presented below in Table 11.
If primary engine operating parameters did not agree with the requested test condition
values within the predetermined range, corrective measures was taken to isolate and
correct the cause of the unacceptable values for the primary engine operating parameters.
All pre-test run data points were acceptable for the test program. Both CSU and PES
representatives initialized each "pre-test run" data point.
Engine Stability: Test Run Stability
A test run consisted of a set of one-minute averaged data points taken consecutively over a
33-minute time period. For each data point, the average value for each primary engine
operating parameter must compare to within the acceptable range of the specified target
value at the test condition for engine stability and the data collection process to be valid for
the specific test condition. If primary engine operating parameters did not compare to
within the predetermined range, the data point was invalid, and corrective measures were
taken to isolate and correct the cause of the unacceptable values for the primary engine
operating parameters.
Engine stability was maintained throughout the data collection process for each test run.
The relative standard deviation of the primary operating variables was below 1.0% for
engine operating parameters and below 3.0% for the engine emissions parameters at each
data point.
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Both CSU and PES representatives initialized each data point of a test run. The tabular format of
the primary engine operating parameters, designation, and the acceptance criteria is presented in
Table 11:
TABLE 11
TEST POINT - ENGINE STABILITY
Engine Operating Parameters
Engine Torque
Engine Speed
Jacket Water Temperature Outlet
Engine Oil Temperature Outlet
Air Manifold Temperature
Air Manifold Pressure
Exhaust Manifold Pressure
Ignition Timing
Overall Air/Fuel Ratio
Inlet Air Humidity-Absolute
Engine Fuel Flow SCFH / Gal./Hr.
Engine Oil Pressure Inlet
Inlet Air Flow
Average Engine Exhaust
Temperature
NOX Emissions (PPM)
CO Emissions (PPM)
THC Emissions (PPM)
CO2 (%)
O2 (%)
Exhaust Air Flow
Acceptable Range
±2% of value
± 5% of value
± 5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
± 5% of value
±5% of value
± 10% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
± 5% of value
±5% of value
±5% of value
Standard Deviation
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.Q
< 1.0
<1.0
<1.0
< 1.0
< 1.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
<3.0
Designation
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Note: Based on Actual Engine Test Data
4.4 TEST SPECIFICS - DATA COLLECTION HARDWARE
The design of the test facility provides a platform for accurate and versatile performance and
emission research on industrial engines. Control and measurement systems installed on the
Industrial Engine Test-Beds are as follows:
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Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF: Two-Stroke Lean Burn
Engine Control and Monitoring:
Combustion Analysis System:
Emission Analysis Systems:
Pre Catalyst Emissions
Emission Analysis System:
Pre Catalyst Emissions
Emission Analysis Systems:
Post Catalyst Emissions
Emission Analysis System:
Post Catalyst Emissions
Ignition Analysis System:
Woodward "Smart 3000" and "Optrend"
Monitor system
DSP Redline combustion analysis system
Woodward Governor CAS system.
Rosemount NGA-2000 Five Gas
Analyzer Rack for NOX, CO, CO2, O2,
&THC
Nicolet Rega 7000
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)
Exhaust Gas Analyzer
Five Gas Analyzer Rack
TECO NOX, CO, & THC
Servomex CO2 & O2
Nicolet Magna 560
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)
Exhaust Gas Analyzer
Altronic Diagnostic Module
Hickok "Watchdog 2000"
Ignition Analysis System
4.5 TEST SPECIFICS - DATA COLLECTION PROCESS
The data collection process consisted of acquiring information from the various control and
monitoring systems. The engine control and monitoring system (ECMS) collected all engine
operating and emissions parameters (criteria pollutants only). All engine operating parameters
were direct measurements of the ECMS, while emissions parameters (criteria pollutants) were
passed by communication link from a computer dedicated to emissions hardware control and
monitoring. All emissions parameters measured with an FTIR were collected and stored on a
computer dedicated to individual FTIR operation.
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After engine stability had been confirmed, the data collection process for a test run condition
commenced. The data collection process was performed as follows:
Data Collection Process:
1.) Verification of engine stability confirmed, accepted, and initialized by PES
and CSU representatives.
2.) Proper file names are assigned to all data acquisition hardware.
3.) Commence acquisition of data point for specified test condition
4.) At completion of data point, electronic files are saved and hard copies are
printed out.
5.) PES and CSU representatives initialize hard copies verifying acceptable data
point.
6.) Move engine operation to next test condition.
4.6 TEST SPECIFICS - EMISSION ANALYZER GENERAL TEST PROCEDURES
Introduction
The following general test procedures and calibration checks guaranteed the integrity of our
sampling system and the accuracy of our data. The testing was conducted in basic accordance
with approved Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) test methods as described in the Code of
Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 60, Appendix A.
General Procedure
Exhaust oxygen and oxides of nitrogen concentrations from the engine were determined in basic
compliance with EPA Method 20, "Determination of Nitrogen Oxides, Sulfur Dioxide, and
Diluent Emissions From Stationary Gas Turbines"and EPA Method 7E, "Determination of
Nitrogen Oxides Emissions From Stationary Sources (Instrumental Analyzer Procedure)". The
sampling procedure for CO concentrations was based on EPA Method 10, "Determination of
Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Stationary Sources." EPA Method 25A, "Determination of
Total Gaseous Organic Concentration Using a Flame lonization Analyzer" was the sample
procedure used to determine THC emission concentrations. A modified EPA Method 18A was
used for the sampling procedures for Methane/Non-Methane Analysis. The method for
calculating mass emissions levels was based upon an EPA Method 19 "Determination of Sulfur
Dioxide Removal Efficiency and Particulate Matter, Sulfur Dioxide, and nitrogen Oxides
Emission Rates" calculation. Mass emissions were also calculated using carbon balance
calculations developed by Southwest Research Institute specifically for the American Gas
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Association. Calibration and test procedures are detailed under their respective sections of the
TEST SPECIFICS portion of this report.
Sampling System
Dedicated analyzers were used to determine the NOX, CO, THC, CC>2, and C>2 emissions
level on a dry basis for both pre and post catalyst emissions. Dedicated analyzers were
used to determine the Methane/Non-Methane emissions on a wet basis for both pre and
post catalyst emissions. FTIR analyzers were used to determine aldehyde emissions on a
wet basis for both pre and post catalyst emissions. Refer to Table 12 for the analyzers and
the methods of analysis.
Exhaust gas entered the system through a 3/8" stainless steel multi-point probe. Sample
points were located in accordance with procedures described in Method 1. Exhaust gas
then passed through a heated 3-way sample valve and glass wool filter assembly. The
sample was transported via a heat-traced Teflon sample lines and heated sample
distribution manifold. Sample for the "dry" gas analyzers then passed through a 4-pass
minimum contact condenser specifically designed to dry the sample. The "dry" sample
then entered a stainless steel sample pump. The discharge of the pump passed through
3/8" Teflon tubing to a Balston Microfibre coalescing filter, moisture sensor, and then to
the sample manifold. The sample manifold was maintained at a constant pressure by
means of a pressure bypass regulator. A flowmeter, placed in line at the exhaust of each
analyzer, monitored exact sample flows. Heated sample flow for all "wet" measurement
analyzers will be provided by means of a heated sample distribution manifold prior to
sample gas entering the "dry" gas analyzer platform. Each heated analyzer had a dedicated
sample pump, and heat traced line from the main sample train to the analyzer.
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TABLE 12
CURRENT INSTRUMENTATION
Post Catalyst Emissions
Manufacturer and Model
Rosemount NGA-2000
CLD Analyzer
Rosemount NGA-2000
NDIR Analyzer
Rosemount NGA-2000
NDIR Analyzer
Rosemount NGA-2000
FID Analyzer
Rosemount NGA-2000
PMD Analyzer
Questar Baseline 103 OH
HeatedGC / FID
Nicolet Magna 560
Parameters
NOorNOx
CO
CO2
THC
02
CH4
Non-CH4
Multiple
See Attached
Detection Principle
Thermal reduction of NO2 to
NO. Chemiluminescent
reaction NO with 03.
NDIR with Gas Filter
Correlation
NDIR
Flame lonization
Paramagnetic
Gas Chromatograph
Flame lonization
FTIR analysis utilizing a
medium range IR source.
Range
Variable to
10000 PPM
Variable to 2000
PPM
Variable to 20%
Variable to
10000 PPM
Variable to
100%
Variable to
5000 PPM
Variable
Pre Catalyst Emissions
Manufacturer and Model
TECO Model 42H
CLD Analyzer
TECO Model 48H
NDIR Analyzer
Servomex NDIR Analyzer
TECO Model 51
FID Analyzer
Servomex
PMD Analyzer
Questar Baseline 1030H
HeatedGC / FID
Nicolet Rega-7000
Parameters
NO or NOX
CO
CO2
THC
02
CH4
Non-CH4
Multiple
See Attached
Detection Principle
Thermal reduction of NO2 to
NO. Chemiluminescent
reaction NO with 03 .
NDIR with Gas Filter
Correlation
NDIR
Flame lonization
Paramagnetic
Gas Chromatograph
Flame lonization
FTIR analysis utilizing a
medium range IR source.
Range
Variable to
5000 PPM
Variable to
20000 PPM
0-25%
Variable to
10000 PPM
0-5%
0-25%
Variable to
50000 PPM
Variable
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TABLE 13
COMPONENTS MEASURED BY NICOLET FTIR
Component Formula
Component Name
H20
CO
CC-2
NO
NO2
N2O
NHs
NOX
CH4
C2H2
C2H4
C2H6
C3H6
H2CO
CHsOH
C3H8
I-C4Hio
N-C4Hi0
CHsCHO
S02
THC
Water
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Nitric Oxide
Nitrogen Dioxide
Nitrous Oxide
Ammonia
Oxides of Nitrogen
Methane
Acetylene
Ethylene
Ethane
Propene
Formaldehyde
Methanol
Propane
Iso-Butylene
Normal-Butane
Acetaldehyde
Sulfur Dioxide
Total Hydrocarbons
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FIGURE II: Typical Flow Schematic for "Dry" Exhaust Sampling System
V.ntOutild.
2«roGnj Spin Ga> , fa—
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4.7 TEST SPECIFICS - EMISSION ANALYZERS CHECKS AND CALIBRATIONS
The following instrument checks and calibrations guaranteed the integrity of our sampling
system and the accuracy of our data.
Analyzer Calibration Gases
Standard calibration gases used at the facility are Scott Specialty Gases EPA Protocol Gas
Standard calibration gases with a ±1.0% or ±2.0% accuracy. For this program, EPA Protocol 1
calibration gases (RATA Class) were used. Manufacturer supplied certification sheets were
available during the testing procedure and copies of the current inventory of gases, which were
used for calibration and integrity checks on the reference method and FTIR analyzers, are
provided within this document.
EPA Protocol 1 gases (Rata Class) were used to calibrate the reference method analyzers and
FTIR analyzers. Formaldehyde standards with a concentration range between 5-20 PPM were
obtained. Acetylaldehyde/acrolein standards were also acquired. Any calibration standards
which were not EPA Protocol 1 gases, were the highest quality standard available.
Analyzer Specifications
Vendor instrument data concerning interference response and analyzer specifications will be
available during the test program. Information supplied by the manufacturer on the factory
specification sheets will be furnished if requested.
Response Time Tests (Prior to initiation of engine test program)
Response time tests were performed on each sample system. The response time tests were
performed prior to the FTIR validation process for each sampling system. The response time of
the slowest responding analyzer (Questar Baseline) was determined. Response time tests
conducted at the EECL indicated sampling system response times of 1:10 minutes. This is the
time for the Rosemount Oxygen Analyzer (slowest responding analyzer which continuously
monitors) to stabilize to response output of the analyzer. The Questar Baseline Industries
CH4/Non-CH4 analyzers have a minimum cycle time of 4:50 minutes. The overall response
time for these analyzers when their cycle is started 1:10 minutes after a sample source change is
5:50 minutes. When the CH4/Non-CH4 analyzer cycle time was initiated at a sample source
change, the overall response time is 9:00 minutes. The response time was tested to assure that
the analyzers' response was for exhaust gas entering the sample system from each of the test
point conditions.
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Calibration (Daily)
Zero and mid-level span calibration procedures were performed on the reference method
analyzer prior to each test day. Zero and span drift checks were performed upon completion
of each data point and upon completion of each test day. This procedure is referenced as
ZSD (zero and span drift check) in the CSU "Scope of Work". A zero and a mid-level gas
was introduced individually directly to the back of the analyzers before testing for carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, total hydrocarbons, Methane/Non-Methane, and oxides
of nitrogen. The analyzers' output response was set to the appropriate levels. Each
analyzer's stable response was recorded. From this data a linear fit was developed for each
analyzer. The voltage for each analyzer were recorded and used in the following formula:
Y = MX+B
Where: B = Intercept
M= Slope
X= Analyzer or transducer voltage
Y= Engineering Units
After each test point and upon completion of a test day, calibration checks were conducted by re-
introducing the zero and span gases directly to the back of the analyzers. The analyzers'
stabilized responses were recorded. No adjustments were made during testing or during the final
calibration check. Initial calibration values and all calibration checks were recorded for each
analyzer during the daily test program.
The before and after calibrations checks will be used to determine a zero and span drift for each
test point for the CO, CC>2, C>2, THC, CH4/Non-CH4, and NOX analyzers. The zero and span
drift checks for each test point and each test day were less than ±2.0% of the span value (specific
range setting) of each analyzer used during the daily test program. The calibration data sheets
are presented in Appendix E of this document.
Linearity Check (Prior to initiation of engine test program)
Prior to initiation of the test program, analyzer linearity checks were performed. This
procedure is referenced as ACE (analyzer calibration error check) in the CSU "Scope of
Work". The oxygen, carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbon, methane/non-methane and oxides
of nitrogen analyzers were "zeroed" using either zero grade nitrogen, or hydrocarbon free air.
The analyzers were allowed stabilize and their output recorded. The analyzers were then
"spanned" using the mid-level calibration gases. The analyzers were allowed to stabilize, and
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their output recorded. From this data a linear fit was developed for each analyzer. The
voltage for each analyzer were recorded and used in the following formula:
Where: B = Intercept
M= Slope
X= Analyzer or transducer voltage
Y= Engineering Units
Using the linear fit, the linear response of the analyzer was calculated. Low level and high level
calibration gases were individually introduced to the analyzers. For each calibration gas, the
analyzers were allowed to stabilize and their outputs were recorded. Each analyzers' linearity
was acceptable as the predicted values of a linear curve determined from the zero and mid-level
calibration gas responses agreed with the actual responses of the low level and high level
calibration gases within ±2.0% of the analyzer span value^The methane/non-methane analyzers'
linearity was acceptable as the predicted values agreed with the actual response of the low level
and high level calibration gases within ±5.0% of the actual calibration gas value. This procedure
was performed for one range setting for each analyzer. The Linearity Check data sheets are
presented in Appendix E of this document.
NO2 Converter Check (Prior to initiation of engine test program)
Prior to initiation of the test program, NC>2 converter checks were performed. A calibration gas
mixture of known concentrations between 240 and 270 PPM nitrogen dioxide (NC>2) and 160 to
190 PPM nitric oxide (NO) with a balance of nitrogen was used. The calibration gas mixture
was be introduced to the oxides of nitrogen (NOX) analyzer until a stable response was recorded.
The converter will be considered acceptable if the instrument response indicated a 90 percent or
greater NC>2 to NO conversion. The NO2 Converter Check data sheets are presented in
Appendix E of this document.
Sample Line Leak Check (Prior to initiation of engine test program)
The sample lines were leak checked before the engine test program. The leak check procedure
was performed for both pre-catalyst and post-catalyst sample trains. The procedure involved
closing the valve on the inlet to the sample filter located just downstream of the exhaust stack
probe. With the sample pump operating, a vacuum was pulled on the exhaust sample train.
Once the maximum vacuum was reached, the valve on the pressure side of the pump was closed
thus sealing off the vacuum section of the sampling system. The pump was turned off and the
pressure in the sample system was monitored. The leak test was acceptable as the vacuum gauge
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reading dropped by an amount less than 1 inch of mercury over a period of 1 minute. The
Sample Line Leak Check data sheets are presented in Appendix E of this document.
Sample Line Integrity Check (Daily)
A sample line integrity check was performed prior to and upon completion of each test day. This
procedure is referenced as SSB (Sampling System Bias Check) in the CSU "Scope of Work".
The analyzer's response was tested by first introducing the mid level calibration gas directly to
the NOX analyzer. The analyzer was allowed to stabilize and the response recorded. The same
mid level calibration gas was then introduced to the analyzer through the sampling system. The
calibration gas was introduced into the sample line at the stack, upstream of the inlet sample
filter. The analyzer was allowed to stabilize and the response recorded. The analyzer response
values were compared and the percent difference did not to exceed ±5 % of the analyzer span
value (range setting).
The SSB procedure was to be performed for both the NOX and methane/non-methane analyzers.
It was determined to perform the integrity check for the NOX analyzers only. The SSB
procedure was performed for the methane/non-methane analyzers prior to and upon completion
of the test program. The Sample Line Integrity Check data sheets are presented in Appendix E
of this document.
Carbon Balance Check (Continuous)
One of the methods used to calculate mass emissions was a carbon balance calculations
developed by Southwest Research Institute specifically for the American Gas Association. As
part of a QC check, the calculations involve performing a theoretical C>2 calculation based upon
measured exhaust stack constituents and fuel gas composition. The theoretical exhaust C<2 is
then compared to the measured exhaust (>?. The percent difference between the actual and
theoretical C>2 measurements was within ±5 % of the measured C>2 reading. The C>2 balance was
performed for every one-minute average and the thirty-three minute averaged value for each test
point. The averaged value for each test point is included in the test point data in Appendix A.
Fuel Gas Analysis & Fuel Flow Measurements
Natural Gas Fuel Gas:
Engine fuel gas was analyzed on a real time basis with a dedicated Daniels Industries
GC. The GC was calibrated on a daily basis against a known standard. A daily gas
analysis was acquired for each test day. This analysis gave the actual specific gravity,
mole fractions of specific hydrocarbons and BTU content so that fuel flow and mass
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COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
emissions could be accurately calculated. Fuel flow measurements were made using an
AGA specified orifice meter run equipped with dedicated high accuracy pressure and
temperature transmitters. All fuel flow calculations were in accordance with AGA
Report #3. Additionally, stoichiometric air to fuel ratio calculations were made using
the fuel gas analysis. From this information, the equivalence ratios for each day of
testing were determined. All fuel gas calibrations and analysis are presented in
Appendix O and Appendix N, respectively. Stoichiometric air to fuel ratio calculations
are presented in Appendix Q. Calculations for fuel flow, stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio
calculations, and fuel specific F Factor are presented in Appendix V, Appendix Q, and
Appendix P, respectively.
A blind sample provided by PES was analyzed. The results are included in Appendix N
of this report.
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4.8 TEST SPECIFICS: FTIR CALIBRATION PROCEDURES
Calibration was performed on the FTIR instrument prior to each phase of the test program and at
the beginning and end of each test day. The calibration procedures described within this
document are consistent with procedures found in the following documents:
"Measurement of Select Hazardous Air Pollutants, Criteria Pollutants, and Moisture
Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy" - Prepared by Radian
International for the Gas Research Institute.
"Protocol for Performing Extractive FTIR Measurements to Characterize Various Gas
Industry Sources for Air Toxics" - Prepared by Radian International for the Gas
Research Institute.
Both documents are contained with the Gas Research Institute Report Number GRI-
95/0271 entitled, "Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Method Validation at a Natural
Gas-Fired Internal Combustion Engine" - Prepared by Radian International for the Gas
Research Institute.
Instrument Description
Dedicated FTIR analyzers and sampling conditioning systems were used to measure pre-catalyst
and post-catalyst exhaust emissions. A description of each unit is presented in Table 14:
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COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
TABLE 14
FTIR EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION
Pre Catalyst Analyzer
Manufacturer and Type
Spectral Resolution
Detector Type
Cell Type
Cell Temperature
Cell Pressure
Cell Window Material
Post Catalyst Analyzer
Manufacturer and Type
Spectral Resolution
Detector Type
Cell Type
Cell Temperature
Cell Pressure
Cell Window Material
Nicolet Rega 7000
O.Scnr1
MCT-A
4.2 Meter - Fixed Path Length
185°C
600 Ton-
Zinc Cellinide
Nicolet Magna 560
0.5cm-1
MCT-A
2.0 Meter - Fixed Path Length
165°C
600 Torr
KBr
Each unit and the associated test method have been designed for measurement of raw exhaust
gases from internal combustion engines. Dedicated temperature controllers maintained cell
temperature and associated sample lines at the appropriate the design temperature. Pressure was
controlled by means of an MKS pressure controller for each system. Sample flow to each
analyzer was between 8-15 liters/minute. The units utilized a high-energy mid-range IR source
and are equipped with modulating, potassium bromide beamsplitter with MCT-A liquid nitrogen
cooled detectors. The cells have been equipped with specific optical windows to prevent signal
degradation from damaged optics due to moisture and corrosive gases present in the exhaust
stream.
Pre Engine Test Calibration
Prior to initiation of an engine specific test program, the FTIR sampling systems, both pre and
post catalyst sample trains underwent an EPA Method 301 validation process. The validation
process was to verify the sample and analytical system performance in relation to precision and
accuracy of data collected. Additional calibration procedures prior to testing of the engine were
as follows:
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1.) Source Evaluation - Acquired initial source data to verify concentration ranges of target
compounds and possible interferants. This was accomplished prior to and during the
Method 301 validation process
2.) Sample System Leak Check -Sample system leak checks were performed. The leak
check procedure encompassed the sample train from the sample filter to the pump outlet.
A dedicated rotameter has been installed on the discharge side of the sample pump. With
the sample system operating at typical temperatures and pressures (sample pump will
pull a slight vacuum on the suction side), the sample flow rate from the rotameter was
recorded. The inlet to the sample filter located just downstream of the sample probe was
closed and the flow rate through the rotameter was monitored. The flow rate through the
rotameter went to zero. The leak checks were determined to be acceptable, as the leak
rate was less than 4% of the standard sampling rate or 500ml/min, whichever is less.
Sample system leak check data sheets are provided in Appendix F of this document.
3.) Analyzer Leak Check - With the FTIR analyzers operating at normal operating
temperatures and pressures, the operating pressures were recorded. The automatic
pressure controllers were then disabled, and the inlet valves to the FTIR analyzers were
then closed. The measurement cells were then evacuated to 20% or less of their normal
operating pressure. After the measurement cells were evacuated, each measurement cell
was then isolated and the cell pressure monitored with a dedicated pressure sensor. The
leak rate of each measurement cell was less than 10 Torr per minute for a one-minute
period. The analyzer leak rate was determined to be acceptable. Analyzer leak check
data sheets are provided in Appendix F of this document.
4.) Cell Pathlength Determination - The cell pathlength was to be determined using the
measurement procedures as outlined in the Field Procedure Section of the document
entitled "Protocol For Performing Extractive FTIR Measurements To Characterize
Various Gas Industry Sources For Air Toxics", prepared by Radian International for the
Gas Research Institute. Because the units are fixed pathlength (non-adjustable)
measurement cells which are stationary units dedicated to a specific task, the pathlength
determination process was determined not to be necessary. The units are "as specified"
from the manufacturer, and have passed all validation and calibration procedures at this
fixed pathlength.
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Daily Calibration Procedures - Pre Test
The following daily calibration procedures were performed prior to the initiation of each day's
testing.
1.) Instrument Stabilization - To ensure the FTIR instruments were operating in a stable
manner, verification of the operation of the following components at the beginning
of each day was performed:
a.) All instrument heated devices and temperature controller were at operating
temperature and performing properly.
b.) Pressure sensor and pressure controllers were at operating conditions and
performing properly.
c.) Sample systems (pumps, filters, flow meters, and water knockouts) were
functioning properly.
2.) Instruments were operated on a conditioned air source for a minimum of 30 minutes
prior to conducting background spectrum procedures. When the instruments were in
stand by mode, between test days, the analyzers and all components were kept at
normal operating temperatures. The analyzers operated on a conditioned air at all
times when not involved with data acquisition.
3.) Background spectrum procedures - After purging with a conditioned air source for a
minimum of 30 minutes, the instruments were allowed to stabilize by flowing an
ultra high purity N2 gas through the measurement cell for a minimum of ten
minutes. During the stabilization process, the FTIR spectra were monitored until the
concentrations of CO and H2O were reduced and normal steady state background
levels had been achieved. The following procedures were then performed:
a.) Check for proper interferogram signal using alignment software
b.) Collect a single beam spectrum and inspect for irregularities
c.) Check the single beam spectrum for detector non-linearity and correct if
necessary
d.) Perform an instrument alignment procedure
e.) Collect a background spectrum - The background spectrum was comprised 256
scans, which was equal to or greater than the number of scans used for sample
analysis.
4.) Analyzer Diagnostics - Perform an analyzer diagnostic procedure by analyzing a
diagnostic standard. The standard was a EPA Protocol 1 CO gas standard at
concentration levels indicative of the emissions source, 109 ppm. A CO standard
was recommended due to the distinct spectral features, which are sensitive to
variations in system operation and performance. The standard was introduced
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COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
directly into the instrument. The instrument readings were allowed to stabilize and a
five-minute set of data was acquired. The calculated accuracy and precision based
on equations from the document entitled "Protocol for Performing Extractive FTIR
Measurements To Characterize Various Gas Industry Sources for Air Toxics",
prepared by Radian International for the Gas Research Institute, was acceptable.
The pass/fail criteria for accuracy and precision was ± 10% of the known standard
for the instrument to be acceptable. Each instrument meets this criteria for all daily
calibrations. Analyzer diagnostic data sheets are provided in Appendix F of this
document.
5.) Additional Analyzer Diagnostic - An additional diagnostic check was performed to
ensure system operation and performance. A second diagnostic standard comprised
of a multi-gas composition was analyzed by the same procedure. The gas consisted
of CC>2, CO, CH4, and NOX in concentrations similar to exhaust gas composition.
The same pass/fail criteria was used to evaluate each analyzer's performance when
analyzing the multi-gas standard. Each instrument meets this criteria for all daily
calibrations. Analyzer diagnostic data sheets are provided in Appendix F of this
document.
6.) Indicator Check & Sample Integrity Check - An indicator check procedure was
performed on each analyzer by analyzing a certified indicator standard. The standard
was either a NIST traceable, EPA Protocol 1 gas standard, or highest grade standard
available of a surrogate/analyte gas concentration at levels indicative of the
emissions source. A formaldehyde standard (concentration of 10.66 ppm) was used
due to the fact that formaldehyde represents a sampling challenge because of its
solubility in water. The standard was introduced directly into the instrument. The
instrument readings were allowed to stabilize and a five-minute set of data was
acquired. Next, the indicator standard was introduced into the sample system at the
sample filter located just downstream of the sample probe. The instrument readings
were allowed to stabilize and a five-minute set of data was acquired. The calculated
accuracy and precision based on equations from the document entitled "Protocol For
Performing Extractive FTIR Measurements To Characterize Various Gas Industry
Sources For Air Toxics", prepared by Radian International for the Gas Research
Institute. The pass/fail criteria for accuracy, precision, and recovery was ± 10% of
the known standard ( recovery was ± 10% of the instrument reading with the
indicator gas introduced directly into the instrument.) for the instrument to be
acceptable. Each instrument meets this criteria for all daily calibrations. Indicator
check and sample integrity check data sheets are provided in Appendix F of this
document.
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Daily Calibration Procedures - Background assessment
The baseline absorbance was continually monitored during data acquisition procedures. If it was
determined by PES, ERG, and CSU personnel that the baseline had changed by more than 0.1
absorbance units, the instrument interferometer was realigned and a background spectrum
collected.
Daily Calibration Procedures - Post Test
Upon completion of the daily test program steps 4-6 of the pre test calibration procedures were
repeated. Both analyzers meet all acceptance criteria for calibration procedures. All post test
calibration data sheets are presented in Appendix F of this document.
4.9 TEST SPECIFIC - FTIR VALIDATION PROCEDURES
To ensure the accuracy of data collected during testing , the test program required procedures to
evaluate instrument performance. Prior to collecting test data, a validation procedure was
performed on each FTIR sample train, both pre-catalyst and post-catalyst, for the natural gas
fueled engine classification. The specific sample trains are as follows:
1.) Pre-catalyst emissions sample trains from the exhaust of natural gas fueled engines.
This will encompass two-stroke lean burn engine class, four-stroke lean burn engine
class, and four-stroke rich burn engine class.
2.) Post-catalyst emissions sample trains from the exhaust of natural gas fueled engines.
This will encompass two-stroke lean burn engine class, four-stroke lean burn engine
class, and four-stroke rich burn engine class.
Each sample train will be validated for the following target compounds:
1.) Formaldehyde
2.) Acetaldehyde
3.) Acrolein
Other compounds, which may be validated based on comparing FTTR analyzer data to reference
methods data generated during the test program, are as follows:
1.) Carbon Dioxide
2.) Total Hydrocarbons
3.) Carbon Monoxide
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4.) Oxides of Nitrogen
5.) Moisture Content
Instrument Description
Refer to FTIR calibration procedures for FTIR instrument description.
Procedures
Eastern Research Group, ERG, performed the validation for the target aldehyde compounds.
The validation procedure was conducted in basic accordance with procedures outlined in Method
301-"Field Validation of Pollutant Measurement Methods from Various Waste Media".
Validation procedures for aldehydes utilized an analyte spiking technique as specified in Method
301. Validation procedures for criteria pollutants and moisture will use comparative sampling to
the appropriate EPA reference methods. Paired sampling was not performed under the validation
procedure. The paired samples will be generated from FTIR analyzer data and reference method
analyzer data collected during the test program. The procedures for the validation process are as
follows:
Analyte Spiking:
The process was carried out by means of dynamic analyte spiking of the sample gas.
The sample stream of the exhaust gas was spiked with the specific analyte after the
sample probe, and before the sample filter. Spike levels for the specific aldehydes were
determined and the spike gas concentrations were generated for the specific aldehydes
using the following methods:
Formaldehyde:
Formaldehyde spike gas was generated by volatilization of a formalin solution
prepared from a stock formalin solution of 37% formaldehyde by weight. The
solution was injected into a heated vaporization block. The vaporized formalin
solution was mixed with a acetylaldehyde/acrolein carrier gas and carried into the
sample exhaust stream. Carrier gas flow rate was measured by a mass flow meter
equipped with readout
Acetlyaldehyde/Acrolein:
Acetlyaldehyde and acrolein spike samples were generated from a certified gas
standard (Scott Specialty Gases, ±2% analytical accuracy) which contained both
analyte species and a sulfur hexaflouride (SF6) tracer gas. Carrier gas flow rate was
measured by a mass flow meter equipped with readout.
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Analyte specific spike gas was introduced to the FUR sample train upstream of the
sample system filter. The spike gas was introduced at a known flow rate. The spike gas
flow was controlled by a three-way solenoid valve, which directed gas either into the
sample stream or diverted the spike gas to the atmosphere. This allowed for
uninterrupted flow of the analyte spike gas source during the validation procedures.
The formaldehyde and acetylaldehyde/acrolein validation runs were conducted
simultaneously. The validation test runs consisted of 24 test runs, 12 spiked and 12
unspiked runs, which were paired and grouped further into six groups of 2
spiked/unspiked pairs to simulate the "quad train" approach used for Method 301
statistical calculations. Samples were one minute in duration. Measurement procedures
for acquiring the spiked/unspiked pairs are as follows:
1.) Verify stable engine operation
2.) Begin measurement of the unspiked native exhaust stack gas.
3.) Upon completion of acquiring the unspiked sample, initiate spike gas flow into
sample stream.
4.) Let system equilibrate.
5.) Begin measurement of the spiked exhaust gas sample.
6.) Upon completion of acquiring the spiked sample, divert spike gas flow to
atmosphere.
7.) Let system equilibrate.
8.) Repeat items 2 through 7.
This procedure was performed twelve times to acquire the appropriate number of
spiked/unspiked pairs. To ensure stable engine operation during the validation
procedure, engine operating data was collected during the spiking process.
4.10 TEST SPECIFIC - GENERAL CALIBRATION
To ensure the accuracy of data collected during testing, the test procedure required that all
instrumentation be routinely calibrated. Calibrations and/or calibration checks were performed
within one week before initiation of testing, and upon completion of the entire test program to
ensure that no "drift" has occurred. The devices calibrated included the dynamometer 5000-lb.
load cell and amplifier, all thermocouples, pressure transducers, and all pressure transmitters.
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Dynamometer Load Cell and Amplifier (Daily)
The 5000 pound load cell and amplifier was calibrated prior to the engine test section. The
calibration procedure is outlined in a document contained in Appendix M of this document.
Calibration of the load cell and amplifier were then be verified by applying the full range of load
without any adjustments to the offset or gain of the instrumentation. Calibration checks were
performed on a daily basis prior to starting the engine to identify and correct any drift in the load
cell or amplifier. These checks used the same procedure as the calibration verification. If the
daily calibration check showed an indicated load that exceeded ±1.0% of the torque applied by
the standard weights, the full calibration procedure was performed. The dynamometer was
within acceptable limits during the test program. Dynamometer calibration data sheets are
provided in Appendix L of this document.
Thermocouples (Within one week prior to initiation of each engine test program)
K-type insertion thermocouples are used throughout the Large Bore Engine Testbed with
compensation performed through the engine control and data acquisition hardware. The
thermocouples were calibrated using a Ronan X88 portable calibrator calibrated within ±1.0°F of
N.I.S.T. standard by an independent laboratory. The thermocouple signal was zeroed and the
gain adjusted at full span until the value displayed by the NetCon 5000 matched the setting of the
Ronan X88 within ±2.0°F. Once the zero and gain have been set a minimum of two mid-point
temperatures were checked to verify the calibration. Thermocouple calibration data sheets are
provided in Appendix J of this report.
Pressure Transducers (Within one week prior to initiation of each engine test program)
A 3-way valve has been installed to allow pressure transducer calibration without removing the
sensor from the system. The Model 320 Beta calibrator used for transducers calibration provides
an accuracy of 0.05% of reading or 0.02% of full span and is calibrated to N.I.S.T. standards by
an independent laboratory. The transducer was zeroed and the gain adjusted at full span until the
value displayed by the NetCon 5000 was within ±1.0 psig of the pressure supplied by the
pressure calibration standard. A minimum of two midpoints was checked to verify calibration.
Pressure transducer calibration data sheets are provided in Appendix J of this report.
Pressure Transmitters (Within one week prior to initiation of each engine test program)
Pressures, which were critical to control, and emissions calculations were measured using
Rosemount® 3051C transmitters. The calibration was performed at the transmitter and no
adjustments are made to the current loop. A known pressure was supplied to the sensing port of
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COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
the transmitter using the Model 320 Beta calibrator. The transmitter was zeroed and then
spanned at the full range value of the system. Once spanned, the value displayed by the NetCon
5000 within ±0.5% of the full range value. A minimum of two mid-span points was checked to
verify calibration. Pressure transmitter calibration data sheets are provided in Appendix J of this
report.
4.11 TEST SPECIFICS - TEST BED GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Colorado State University's Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
The continued operation of stationary reciprocating internal combustion engines is faced with
tremendous challenges in meeting ever tightening restrictions on air borne pollutants. The
regulatory environment continues to evolve toward lower allowable limits for criteria pollutants,
including new limitations on hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), even as current statutes are being
implemented. Although ominous the task of meeting compliance, difficulties involved in
complying with tightening emissions regulations have advanced the knowledge and
understanding of engine emissions and performance. The mechanism, which has elevated the
understanding of exhaust emissions, is research and development. To aid in this effort the
Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory was established at Colorado State University. The
engines located at the Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory (EECL) located at Colorado
State University, and are representative of the types used by the oil and gas industries as well as
power generation markets. The CSU facility currently operates the only independent large-bore
industrial engine test facility in North America. Engines that are located at the facility are as
follows:
• Cooper -Bessemer GMV-4-TF , Two-Stroke Lean Burn Natural Gas Fired
Engine
• Waukesha 3521GL, Four-Stroke Lean Burn Natural Gas Fired Engine
• White Superior 6G825, Four Stroke, Rich Burn Natural Gas Fired Engine
• Caterpillar 3508, Four Stroke, Lean Burn Diesel Fueled Engine
Industry is currently supporting the installation of three four-stroke engines in the same manner
as the original engine installation. The program sponsor for the installation of the engines is the
Gas Research Institute (GRI). The additional engines will be installed at the facility to assist
research efforts in addressing needs, both emissions and performance related, on multiple engine
types. The high-speed, four-cycle, industrial engines (approximately 1000 rpm) represent a large
portion of the current horsepower in operation within the oil and gas industry and power
generation markets.
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COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
The facility has both a research and educational mission. Not only is the facility designed to
develop technologies for the engines of the future, but it will also provide a training ground for
engineers and technicians required to operate and understand these technological breakthroughs.
The laboratory currently employs 6 graduate students and 30 undergraduate students as research
assistants. In addition to the work being conducted for the American Gas Association in the field
of stationary engines, the facility supports research projects in the areas of alternative fuels and
conducts unique educational programs. In a program sponsored by the National Science
Foundation, the EECL is constructing three engine test cells, which can be accessed remotely by
students anywhere in the world through a dialup connection and eventually the Internet. The
"Global Engine Project" is supported by numerous industrial co-sponsors including Briggs &
Stratton, Kistler, Micro-Motion, and SuperFlow.
The EECL is best known to the natural gas industry for the research work conducted on the
Large Bore Engine Testbed. The initial program, funded through the Gas Research Institute
(GRI) with Woodward Governor Company as a research partner, was to develop and evaluate the
operation of electronic gas admission valves on large-bore, two-stroke, natural gas fired engines.
Successful upon program completion in 1994, the development of the electronic fuel valve
technology brought about an additional research initiative to enhance in-cylinder mixing of air
and fuel through high pressure direct fuel gas injection. High pressure fuel gas was injected into
the combustion chamber at pressures ranging from 300 to 700 psig. Results from the test
program show that high pressure fuel injection can improve the combustion process. The end
user can "tailor" the combustion process to a particular operating condition. Other important
projects have included "Comparative Testing of Ignition Sources for Large-Bored Natural Gas
Engines", funded by a consortium of pipeline companies and "Evaluation of Emissions
Reduction Technology for Large-Bore Natural Gas Fired Engines" funded by Tenneco Gas.
The Large Bore Engine Testbed
Colorado State University was commissioned by the Pipeline Research Council International
(PRC7) of the American Gas Association (AGA) in 1992 to install a test engine representative of
those engines in use in the gas transmission industry. The charter of the facility was to provide
an independent research facility to aid in the development of new technologies that would
address the future engine emissions and performance requirements. The project, funded by the
PRC7 and highly leveraged by equipment donations from member pipeline companies and
industry vendors, was completed, and the test facility became functional in late 1993. The test-
bed incorporates a Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4TF engine donated from Southern California
Natural Gas and installed in the old Fort Collins power plant, which was donated by the City of
Fort Collins to Colorado State University for this purpose.
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COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
The Large Bore Engine Testbed (LBET) was established at Colorado State University to aid in
the development of new technologies for large bore natural gas engines. The heart of the testbed
is a 4-cylinder Cooper GMV-TF engine. This is a slow speed (300 rpm) 2-stroke cycle engine
with a 14" bore, 14" stroke. The engine is loaded with a computer-controlled water brake
dynamometer to provide very precise load control. The engine is highly instrumented, with over
100 different engine parameters automatically recorded at each test point.
Each cylinder of the engine is equipped with piezoelectric combustion pressure sensors; a digital
signal processor (DSP) allows real time measurement of peak pressure, location of peak
pressure, and indicated mean effective pressure (imep) from every cylinder on every stroke.
Engine emissions are measured with state-of-the-art 5-gas emissions benches.
The laboratory operates Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) instruments, which will allow for
detailed speciation studies of the hydrocarbon stream; this is required for the study of Hazardous
Air Pollutants (HAPs) such as formaldehyde.
A unique feature of the testbed is a computer-controlled turbocharger simulator, which consists
of a variable speed Lysholm-screw blower to supply air and a variable exhaust restriction to
control exhaust backpressure. The turbocharger simulator can mimic the characteristics of any
turbocharger, which would be used on a large bore engine. The temperature and humidity of the
air entering the engine is controlled. These capabilities allow the facility to be well suited for
testing the engine under a wide variety of environmental conditions.
Emissions Testing 4 - 30 Pacific Environmental Services
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COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX A
ENGINE TEST DATA
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By the U.S. EPA.
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Colorado State University
March 30-April 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
ENGINE OPERATING PARAMETERS
Ignition Type
Dynamometer Torque (ft-lb)
Brake Horsepower
BSFC (BTU/BHP-HR)
Engine Speed (RPM)
Timing (Degrees BTDC)
Average Fuel Valve Timing - SOA (Degrees BTDC)
Average Fuel Valve Duration (Degrees)
Avg. Loc of Peak Pressure (Degrees)
Air/Fuel Ratio
Pressures
Air Manifold (in Hg)
Exhaust Manifold (in. Hg)
Fuel Manifold (psig)
Average Cylinder Peak (psia)
Temperatures (°F)
Air Manifold
Fuel Manifold
Average Cylinder Exhaust
Exhaust Stack
Jacket Water Inlet
Jacket Water Outlet
Lube Oil Inlet
Lube Oil Outlet
Pre-Catalyst
Post-Catalyst
Fuel Flow Measurements
Static Fuel (psia)
Fuel Differential (in H20)
Fuel Temperature (F)
Fuel Consumption (scfh)
Higher Heating Value-Dry (Btu)
Lower Heating Value-Dry (Btu)
Fuel Tube I D. (in.)
Fuel Orifice 0 D (in )
Annubar Flow Rates
Inlet Air Flow (scfm)
Exhaust Flow (scfm) f
Ambient Conditions
Barometric Pressure (in. Hg)
Dry Bulb Temperature (F)
Relative Humidity (%)
Absolute Humidity (Ib/lb)
Absolute Humidity (gr/lb)
Air Manifold Conditions
Boost Pressure (in Hg)
Dry Bulb Temperature (F)
Relative Humidity (%)
Relative Humidity (%) - Corrected'
Absolute Humidity (Ib/lb)
Absolute Humidity (gr/lb)
RunlA
PCC
7723
441
8055
300
1.80
120
25.0
192
502
1326
1020
4671
5075
110.6
129.3
644.0
5553
156.0
164.2
1420
153 1
560
554
594
473
805
3672
1072
968
3068
0.5
2005.0
1979.2
12.01
683
11.1
0.0020
13.8589
13.26
110.6
32.9
48.5
001468
10273
Run2-7
PCC
5285
302
9089
299
440
120
250
18.5
589
774
499
31.00
379.0
1094
1120
559.6
4829
1585
1650
143.2
1520
482
480
606
267
598
2835
1072
968
3.068
05
18286
1700.5
1203
406
48.9
00032
22.1185
7.74
109.4
28.5
47.5
0.01438
10065
Run3
PCC
5286
272
8874
269
3.90
120
250
18.2
64 1
6.80
4.30
24.07
3859
110.2
1158
520.4
451 2
1583
1643
144.7
151 9
452
447
60.9
206
614
2491
1072
968
3068
05
1754.4
1601 2
12.03
41 5
497
00033
23.3376
680
110.2
280
493
0.01492
104.44
Run4
PCC
7324
377
8106
270
1.30
120
250
17.2
50 1
801
544
41 05
501.8
110.2
117.3
6030
5180
1574
1650
143 7
1549
524
517
60.3
350
637
3279
1032
931
3068
0.5
1787.8
1621 7
12.04
34.2
597
00030
20.9993
8.01
110.2
28.6
483
0.01463
10244
*Air manifold relative humidity corrected to the reference ambient
conditions of 90°F, 14.696 psi
-------
Colorado State University
March 30 - April 2, 1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
COMBUSTION ANALYSIS
Ignition Type
Air Manifold Pressure ("Hg)
Engine Horse Power
AVG./STD. Cylinder Peak Pressure (psia)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
AVG./STD. Location Peak Pressure (Deg.ATDC)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
COV. Cylinder IMEP
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
AVG./STD. Burn Duration 0-10% (Degrees)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
AVG./STD. Burn Duration 10-90% (Degrees)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
Total Misfires /600 Engine Cycles
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Total
Cylinder Exhaust Temperatures (Degrees F)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
Runt A
PCC
13.26
441
4993/290
506.9 / 25 1
508.3/34.6
515.5/22.9
507.5/27.9
19.5/1.6
19.0/1 5
19.8/1 9
186/1 3
19.2 / 1.6
29
1.6
2.3
1 7
2.13
117/17
117/12
125/1.8
11 1/12
11.8/1.5
185/340
18.3/22
17.9/3.5
185/2.3
18.3/10.5
1 0
00
0.0
00
0.25
587.3
715.7
5998
673.2
643.99
Run2-7
PCC
7.74
302
378.7 / 37.0
3737/32.2
379.4/40.7
384.0/276
379.0/34.4
17.8/40
195/28
18.4/58
18.6/2.0
18.5/3.7
59
32
6.0
3.5
4.65
77/1.8
95/21
95/24
7.8/1.7
8.6 / 2.0
25.3 / 7.9
25 7 / 3 9
23.5 / 5 5
24 7 / 4.2
24.8 / 5.4
30
50
17.0
0.0
6.25
5044
623.5
532.7
577.8
559.59
Run3
PCC
6.80
272
391 0/35.6
381.2/27.4
380.6/40.1
390.9/26.0
385.9/32.3
17.5/2.0
18.7 / 1,8
18.5/3.9
17.9/1.7
18.2/2.4
58
24
5.2
28
4.05
68/13
82/15
82/18
7.2/1 4
7.6/1.5
25.5/52
22.8/37
300/5.7
20 5 / 3 9
24.7/4.6
0.0
00
00
0.0
0.00
462.7
582.6
489.9
546.5
520.43
Run4
PCC
8.01
377
504.0 / 24.6
499.2/18.3
504.9/255
499.0/205
501.8/22.2
17.2/12
17 1 /I 1
17.2/13
172/1.3
17.2 / 1.2
23
1.3
20
1 3
1.73
98/09
10 1 / 1 0
98/10
10.0 / 1.0
9.9/1.0
157/24
156/19
136/2.2
16 1 /20
15.3/2.1
00
00
00
00
0.00
5505
6809
5527
6278
602.98
-------
Colorado State University
March 30 - April 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
MEASURED EMISSIONS
Ignition Type
Air Manifold Pressure ("Hg)
Engine Horsepower (BHP)
Emissions Measured (Dry)
NOV (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
NO, (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
THC(ppm) Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
02 % Pre-Catalyst
O2 % Post-Catalyst
C02 % Pre-Catalyst
CO2 % Post-Catalyst
Emissions Measured (Wet)
Methane (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm). Post-Catalyst
F I IK Measured Emissions (Wet)
Water-H20
Carbon Monoxide-CO (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Carbon Monoxide-CO (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Carbon Dioxide-C02 (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Carbon Dioxide-CO2 (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Nitric Oxide-NO (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Nitric Oxide-NO (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Nitrogen Dioxide-N02 (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
Nitrogen Dioxide-NO2 (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Nitrous Oxide-N2O (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Nitrous Oxide-N20 (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
Ammoma-NHj (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
Ammonia-NHj (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Oxides of Nitrogen-N0x (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Oxides of Nitrogen-NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane-CKi (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane-CH4 (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Acetylene-C2H2 (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
Acetylene-C2H2 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Ethylene-C2Hj (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Ethylene-C2H4 (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
Ethane-C2H,j (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Ethane-CjHs (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Propene-CjHs (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Propene-CjHs (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Formaldehyde-H2CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Formaldehyde-H2CO (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
Methanol-CHjOH (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methanol-CHjOH (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Propane-C3H, (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Propane-CjH, (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Sulfur Dioxide-S02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Sulfur Dioxide-SO2 (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Total Hydrocarbons-THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Total Hydrocarbons-THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde-CH3CHO (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde-CHjCHO (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
Acrolein CH2=CHCHO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Acrolein CH2=CHCHO (ppm). Post-Catalyst
1-3 Butadiene (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1-3 Butadiene (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Isoburylene (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Isobutylene (ppm): Post-Catalyst
RunlA
PCC
13.26
441
107.81
113 11
88.63
28.60
95008
97549
14.60
1467
359
343
70589
684.41
56.06
58.26
89510
84458
16257
32884
33411
71 817
9] 610
30 178
17.644
0.000
0000
0000
0000
101.995
109.363
779.025
784.772
0.000
0.000
10320
3851
68.270
89068
0.000
0.000
16,229
8.632
0.591
0.000
23.784
17.865
0.000
0833
997 425
1106522
0000
0000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0000
Run2-7
PCC
7.74
302
6.99
7.03
223.82
69.24
1791.18
1824.75
15.80
15.80
2.93
283
1465 15
124860
78.29 '
7861
78831
216757
55976
27393
28193
0.000
0000
11 409
0.000
0.000
0000
0000
0000
11 753
0.000
1626.025
1537.996
0.000
0.000
17.669
12.237
101.145
126.969
0.000
0.000
19.200
12.641
1.312
0.000
24466
23.002
5.962
0.332
1923.185
2051.879
0000
0000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.071
0.000
Run3
PCC
6.80
272
7.00
6.79
199.90
71 18
1861.23
191645
1608
1630
2.67
250
1349.94
95266
105.91
9775
75894
204248
60413
26080
26994
0000
0000
11 609
0.000
0.000
0000
0.000
0.000
11.896
0.000
1513227
1448.995
0000
0000
21.265
18.215
160.393
207.747
0.000
0.000
16.943
12480
1.082
0.000
39.545
35778
4.527
0.441
1972.543
2152.756
0.000
0.000
0.028
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Run4
PCC
8.01
377
321.47
325.04
78.70
2973
1463 54
1477.64
14.70
1480
348
333
1092.41
1049.49
48 14
4949
88558
77450
18493
32336
33010
271 776
283 687
28583
17086
0.000
0.000
0.000
0000
300.359
300 773
1328236
1279813
0.000
0000
6341
3 114
64.385
81.020
0.000
0.000
14.686
7.757
0617
0.000
21.788
18. ""72
4 445
0.000
1525 433
1647.035
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
o onn
\j.\j\j\j
Ct flAfl
u.wu
A nrtfi
v.UUv
-------
Colorado State University
March 30 - April 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
MEASURED EMISSIONS
Ignition Type
Air Manifold Pressure ("Hg)
Engine Horsepower (BHP)
Calculated Carbon Balance Emissions
Exhaust H20% (Pre-Catalyst)
Exhaust H20% (Post-Catalyst)
Oj %
02 Balance
Exhaust Flow (LB/HR)
Fuel Consumption (BSFC)
Air Flow (LB/HR)
Trapped Air/Fuel Ratio
In Cylinder Temperature
Air/Fuel Ratio
F-Factor Emissions Calculations (dry)
NO, (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
NO, (g/bhp-hr)' Pre-Catalyst
NO, (Ib/hr) Pre-Catalyst
NO, (ppm) Post-Catalyst
NO, (g/bhp-hr) Post-Catalyst
NO, (Ib/hr) Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
THC (g/bhp-hr) Pre-Catalyst
THC (Ib/hr) Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm) Post-Catalyst
THC (g/bhp-hr) Post-Catalyst
THC (Ib/hr) Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
CO (g/bhp-hr) Pre-Catalyst
CO (Ib/hr)- Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO (g/bhp-hr) Post-Catalyst
CO (Ib/hr) Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Methane (g/bhp-hr) Pre-Catalyst
Methane (Ib/hr)- Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Methane (g/bhp-hr) Post-Catalyst
Methane (Ib/hr) Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr). Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (Ib/hr)- Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr) Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (Ib/hr): Post-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (g/bhp-hr). Pre-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (Ib/hr)- Pre-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (g/bhp-hr) Post-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (Ib/hr): Post-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (Ib/hr)- Pre-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (g/bhp-hr) Post-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (Ib/hr)- Post-Catalyst
Acrolein (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Acrolem (g/bhp-hr). Pre-Catalyst
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr). Pre-Catalyst
Acrolein (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr). Post-Catalyst
Acrolein (Ib/hr): Post-Catalyst
Calculated Catalyst Efficiency (FTIR wet)
Carbon Monoxide-CO (%)
Formaldehyde-HjCO (%)
Run I A
PCC
13.26
441
8.41
8.13
1461
-004
89442
8055
8769.5
254
29295
50.2
107.814
1.497
1 456
113.111
1.571
1 528
950 075
4673
4 544
975486
4798
4666
88635
0761
0740
28597
0.246
0239
775 286
3813
3.708
751.696
3697
3595
61.569
0832
0809
63.984
0865
0.841
17.825
0.164
0.160
9480
0.087
0085
0.000
0.000
0000
0.000
0000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0000
0000
80.75%
46.82%
Run2-7
PCC
7.74
302
731
7.12
15.72
033
80779
9089
79430
288
2539.7
589
6992
0135
0.090
7027
0.136
0.091
1791 178
12280
8 171
1824752
12510
8.324
223 819
2.679
1 783
69.241
0829
0551
1590.530
10.904
7.256
1355.446
9292
6183
84.987
1.601
1.066
85340
1.608
1.070
20843
0.267
0.178
13.722
0.176
0.117
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0000
0.000
0000
74 18%
34.16%
Run3
PCC
6.80
272
6.95
665
1618
-0.47
77208
8874
7602.3
29.7
3059.8
64.1
7.000
0.140
0084
6790
0.136
0.081
1861.229
13.171
7.888
1916448
13.562
8 122
199.900
2.470
1.479
71.179
0.879
0527
1460.808
10.338
6.191
1030.904
7.295
4.369
114.611
2.229
1.335
105.778
2058
1.232
18.335
0.243
0145
13.505
0179
0.107
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.030
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
70.42%
26.34%
Run4
PCC
8.01
377
832
806
1474
-0 16
7745.7
8106
7594.1
238
35526
501
321 466
4568
3792
325 038
4619
3834
1463 537
7.366
6 114
1477636
7437
6 173
78700
0692
0.574
29731
0.261
0217
1198.552
6032
5007
1151.464
5.795
4.810
52812
0731
0606
54299
0.751
0624
16 113
0.152
0 126
8.510
0080
0.067
0000
0000
0000
0.000
0000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0000
76.12%
47 18%
-------
Colorado State University
March 30 - April 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
ENGINE OPERATING PARAMETERS
Ignition Type
Dynamometer Torque (ft-lb)
Brake Horsepower
BSFC (BTU/BHP-HR)
Engine Speed (RPM)
Timing (Degrees BTDC)
Average Fuel Valve Timing - SOA (Degrees BTDC)
Average Fuel Valve Duration (Degrees)
Avg Loc. of Peak Pressure (Degrees)
Air/Fuel Ratio
Pressures
Air Manifold (in. Hg)
Exhaust Manifold (in Hg)
Fuel Manifold (psig)
Average Cylinder Peak (psia)
Temperatures (°F)
Air Manifold
Fuel Manifold
Average Cylinder Exhaust
Exhaust Stack
Jacket Water Inlet
Jacket Water Outlet
Lube Oil Inlet
Lube Oil Outlet
Pre-Catalyst
Post-Catalyst
Fuel Flow Measurements
Static Fuel (psia)
Fuel Differential (in H20)
Fuel Temperature (F)
Fuel Consumption (scfh)
Higher Heating Value-Dry (Btu)
Lower Heating Value-Dry (Btu)
Fuel Tube ID (in.)
Fuel Orifice O.D. (in )
Annubar Flow Rates
Inlet Air Flow (scfm)
Exhaust Flow (scfm)
Ambient Conditions
Barometric Pressure (in Hg)
Dry Bulb Temperature (F)
Relative Humidity (%)
Absolute Humidity (Ib/lb)
Absolute Humidity (gr/lb)
Air Manifold Conditions
Boost Pressure (in. Hg)
Dry Bulb Temperature (F)
Relative Humidity (%)
Relative Humidity (%) - Corrected*
Absolute Humidity (Ib/lb)
Absolute Humidity (gr/lb)
RunS
PCC
7731
441
8023
300
280
120
250
187
51 2
1508
11 71
4509
515.1
1106
1297
6103
537.0
156 1
1644
141 9
1523
539
534
593
472
833
3661
1072
968
3068
05
21684
2111 4
12.01
680
130
0.0023
159473
15.08
110.6
345
48.5
0.01470
102.89
Run6
PCC
7727
442
7991
300
1.80
120
25.0
18.0
464
1201
9.31
4529
5188
1102
1334
669.0
567.2
1550
164 1
1424
1540
574
567
593
468
82.6
3646
1072
968
3.068
05
18482
1800 1
1201
628
16.2
00024
167217
12.01
110.2
296
44.7
0.01352
9463
RunS
PCC
7360
378
8003
270
2.60
120
25.0
18.0
54.4
1287
1006
35.14
5025
109.9
1290
574.1
4996
157.1
1645
1436
1538
503
498
600
33.8
76.4
3130
1072
968
3068
05
19680
1843 1
1201
494
439
00040
27 8314
12.87
1099
34.2
499
0.01511
105.74
Run9A
PCC
7728
441
8092
299
1.80
120
250
180
53.6
11.83
9 13
4923
5202
916
114.4
6488
5478
1566
1649
1438
1540
537
527
597
458
655
3626
1090
985
3.068
05
1900.1
17836
12.03
31 0
498
00022
153701
11 83
91 6
5.5
48
000142
9 9i
•Air manifold relative humidity corrected to the reference ambient
conditions of 90°F, 14 696 psi.
-------
Colorado State University
March 30 - April 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
COMBUSTION ANALYSIS
Ignition Type
Air Manifold Pressure ("Hg)
Engine Horse Power
AVG./STD. Cylinder Peak Pressure (psia)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
AVG./STD. Location Peak Pressure (Deg.ATDC)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
COV. Cylinder IMEP
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
AVG./STD. Burn Duration 0-10% (Degrees)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinders
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
AVG./STD. Burn Duration 10-90% (Degrees)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
Total Misfires /600 Engine Cycles
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Total
Cylinder Exhaust Temperatures (Degrees F)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
RunS
PCC
15.08
441
510.3/334
514.4/27.5
504.8 / 36 9
530.9 / 26.0
515.1/31.0
190/ 1 8
184/1.5
196/2.2
17.8/1 4
18.7/1.7
1.7
! 4
1.5
0.0
1.15
9 1 / .2
9.3 / .0
9 1 / .1
90/ 0
9.11 .1
156/27
165/20
13.6/20
16.8/20
15.6/2.2
00
00
0.0
00
0.00
556.5
6798
567.5
637.4
610.30
Run6
PCC
12.01
442
5236/25.0
5120/21.8
522.3/27.8
517.4/21.4
518.8/24.0
17.9 / 1 3
17.9 / 1.3
18.3/1.5
17.8/1 3
18.0/1.4
1 6
1.3
1.9
0.0
1.20
104/1 1
108/1 0
108/1 3
103/09
10.6/1.1
164/2.3
164/1 9
145/2 1
17.0/2 1
16.1/2.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
616.5
7424
6144
702.7
669.02
RunS
PCC
12.87
378
498.1/32.1
4950/24.2
501.1/34.3
515.9/23.9
502.5/28.6
183/1.6
17.9/1.4
18.6/1 7
17.2/1 3
18.0/1.5
2.8
1 7
2.5
1 6
2.15
7.9/1 3
86/1.2
86/12
77/10
8.2 / 1.2
17 1/34
188/2.4
17.1/30
18.4/25
17.9/2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
00
0.00
517.8
641.0
532.7
605.0
574.13
Run9A
PCC
11.83
441
521.5/246
511.1/223
534.8/25.2
513.5/224
520.2/23.6
18.0/1 3
182/1.3
17.8/1.3
18.0/1.3
18.0 / 1.3
1 5
1.2
1.6
0.0
1.08
88/10
9.4/1 1
88/10
90/10
9.0 / 1.0
168/26
17.5/20
159/23
178/2 1
17.0/2.3
00
00
0.0
00
0.00
5972
724.3
5952
678.4
648.77
-------
Colorado State University
March 30 - April 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
MEASURED EMISSIONS
Ignition Type
Air Manifold Pressure ("Hg)
Engine Horsepower (BHP)
Emissions Measured (Dry)
NO, (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
NO, (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm) Post-Catalyst
02 % Pre-Catalyst
02 % Post-Catalyst
C02 % Pre-Catalyst
CO, % Post-Catalyst
Emissions Measured (Wet)
Methane (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm)' Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm) Post-Catalyst
hi IK Measured Emissions (Wet)
Water-H2O
Carbon Monoxide-CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Carbon Monoxide-CO (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Carbon Dioxide-C02 (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
Carbon Dioxide-C02 (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Nitric Oxide-NO (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
Nitric Oxide-NO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Nitrogen Dioxide-NO2 (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Nitrogen Dioxide-NO2 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Nitrous Oxide-N2O (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
Nitrous Oxide-N2O (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Ammonia-NHj (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Ammonia-NH] (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Oxides of Nitrogen-NOx (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Oxides of Nitrogen-NOx (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Methane-CH4 (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Methane-CH4 (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
Acetylene-C2H2 (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Acetylene-C2H2 (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Ethylene-C2H4 (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
Ethylene-C2Hj (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Ethane-CjHj (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
Ethane-C2Hi (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Propene-C3H
-------
Colorado State University
March 30 - April 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Cooper-Bessemer CMV-4-TF
MEASURED EMISSIONS
Ignition Type
Air Manifold Pressure ("Hg)
Engine Horsepower (BHP)
Calculated Carbon Balance Emissions
Exhaust H20% (Pre-Catalyst)
Exhaust H2O% (Post-Catalyst)
O2 %
O2 Balance
Exhaust Flow (LB/HR)
Fuel Consumption (BSFC)
Air Flow (LB/HR)
Trapped Air/Fuel Ratio
In Cylinder Temperature
Air/Fuel Ratio
F-Factor Emissions Calculations (dry)
NO, (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
NO, (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
NO, (Ib/hr)' Pre-Catalyst
NO, (ppm) Post-Catalyst
NO., (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
NO, (Ib/hr). Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (g/bhp-hr)' Pre-Catalyst
THC (Ib/hr): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm) Post-Catalyst
THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
THC (Ib/hr)' Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm)' Pre-Catalyst
CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
CO (Ib/hr). Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm). Post-Catalyst
CO (g/bhp-hr). Post-Catalyst
CO (Ib/hr)- Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
Methane (g/bhp-hr). Pre-Catalyst
Methane (Ib/hr): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Methane (g/bhp-hr) Post-Catalyst
Methane (Ib/hr) Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm)' Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr) Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (Ib/hr): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr)' Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (Ib/hr) Post-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (Ib/hr). Pre-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (Ib/hr). Post-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (g/bhp-hr)' Pre-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (Ib/hr): Pre-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (Ib/hr)' Post-Catalyst
Acrolein (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
Acrolein (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
Acrolein (Ib/hr): Post-Catalyst
Calculated Catalyst Efficiency (FTIR wet)
Carbon Monoxide-CO (%)
Formaldehyde-HjCO (%)
RunS
PCC
15.08
441
829
8.08
1475
1.50
9081 7
8023
8907.6
26.3
28237
51 2
39858
0.599
0.583
44379
0667
0.649
1026.129
5460
5.314
1063430
5659
5508
113609
1 055
1.027
38741
0.360
0.350
862 890
4591
4469
962.155
5.120
4983
64886
0.949
0.924
94.974
1 389
1 352
16882
0.168
0.164
10.115
0.101
0.098
0.000
0000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.077
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0000
76.77%
40.08%
Run6
PCC
12.01
442
874
8.43
14.09
1 15
8224.8
7991
8051.3
243
3007.0
46.4
226419
2998
2.918
229 272
3.035
2954
941 959
4.417
4299
953.514
4471
4351
83.745
0.686
0.667
30.652
0.251
0244
758.125
3555
3.460
735.494
3448
3.357
56408
0.727
0.708
62 114
0.800
0779
17.891
0.157
0.153
8.529
0075
0.073
0.000
0.000
0000
0.000
0000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0000
0.000
0.000
0.000
80.08%
52.33%
RunS
PCC
12.87
378
7.94
7.43
15.17
1.80
82476
8003
8098.7
27.1
31216
54.4
29872
0490
0409
33709
0.553
0.461
1307.186
7.593
6334
1298 197
7541
6290
120811
1225
1 022
41.018
0416
0.347
1036.012
6018
5.020
977.321
5.677
4.735
75.131
1.200
1.001
92.133
1471
1.227
17087
0.186
0.155
9.368
0102
0.085
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
75 52%
45.18%
Run9A
PCC
11.83
441
6.43
6.37
15.16
-073
96956
8092
9518.1
260
28837
536
132938
1 826
1.777
140.616
1.932
1 880
963 994
4690
4563
1002 779
4878
4747
84215
0715
0696
29.969
0.255
0.248
859814
4,183
4.070
753 389
3665
3566
33858
0453
0441
30.736
0.411
0400
18 142
0.165
0.161
9.274
0.084
0.082
0.000
0000
0000
0000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0000
0.000
0.000
76.25%
48 88%
-------
Colorado State University
March 30 - April 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
ENGINE OPERATING PARAMETERS
Ignition Type
Dynamometer Torque (ft-lb)
Brake Horsepower
BSFC (BTU/BHP-HR)
Engine Speed (RPM)
Timing (Degrees BTDC)
Average Fuel Valve Timing - SOA (Degrees BTDC)
Average Fuel Valve Duration (Degrees)
Avg Loc. of Peak Pressure (Degrees)
Air/Fuel Ratio
Pressures
Air Manifold (in. Hg)
Exhaust Manifold (in. Hg)
Fuel Manifold (psig)
Average Cylinder Peak (psia)
Temperatures (*F)
Air Manifold
Fuel Manifold
Average Cylinder Exhaust
Exhaust Stack
Jacket Water Inlet
Jacket Water Outlet
Lube Oil Inlet
Lube Oil Outlet
Pre-Catalyst
Post-Catalyst
Fuel Flow Measurements
Static Fuel (psia)
Fuel Differential (in. H2O)
Fuel Temperature (F)
Fuel Consumption (scfh)
Higher Heating Value-Dry (Btu)
Lower Heating Value-Dry (Btu)
Fuel Tube ID (in )
Fuel Orifice O D. (in )
Annubar Flow Rates
Inlet Air Flow (scfm)
Exhaust Flow (scfm)
Ambient Conditions
Barometric Pressure (in. Hg)
Dry Bulb Temperature (F)
Relative Humidity (%)
Absolute Humidity (Ib/lb)
Absolute Humidity (gr/lb)
Air Manifold Conditions
Boost Pressure (in Hg)
Dry Bulb Temperature (F)
Relative Humidity (%)
Relative Humidity (%) - Corrected*
Absolute Humidity (Ib/lb)
Absolute Humidity (gr/lb)
RunlO
PCC
7729
442
8195
299
1.80
120
250
183
492
1324
10.25
51.00
5189
1300
1140
6560
558.4
1560
1649
142.1
1539
565
556
597
469
64.1
3674
1090
985
3068
05
20691
18575
1203
31 5
526
00024
16 5973
1324
1300
190
480
0.01454
101.79
Runll
PCC
7356
378
8063
270
2.60
120
25.0
189
569
12.87
10.06
41.53
491 1
110.4
120.0
579 I
5029
147.0
154.2
1426
153.0
507
500
603
35 1
654
3277
1032
931
3068
05
20193
18364
1204
29.3
674
00028
194075
1287
1104
33.3
49.2
001491
104.38
Runl2
PCC
7349
378
8062
270
2.60
120
25.0
18.7
56.9
12.87
10.06
42.00
492.9
110.3
1235
5836
508 1
1677
1745
143.6
1534
507
500
603
35 1
664
3271
1032
931
3068
05
20147
1809 1
1204
304
69.3
00030
20 9592
1287
110.3
33.6
49.6
001501
10509
Runl3
PCC
7727
441
8170
300
0.20
120
250
21 3
49.6
1351
10.48
4700
4766
1105
1326
660 1
569 1
1554
164.0
141 3
1530
574
568
59.2
490
825
3727
1072
968
3.068
0.5
2026.5
19488
1201
590
186
00024
1 6 7003
13 51
110.5
33.7
49.1
001487
104.08
*Air manifold relative humidity corrected to the reference ambient
conditions of 90°F, 14 696 psi
-------
Colorado State University
March 30 - April 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Cooper-Bessemer CMV-4-TF
COMBUSTION ANALYSIS
Ignition Type
Air Manifold Pressure ("Hg)
Engine Horse Power
AVG./STD. Cylinder Peak Pressure (psia)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder!
Cylinders
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
AVG./STD. Location Peak Pressure (Deg.ATDC)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
COV. Cylinder IMEP
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Jngine Average
AVG./STD. Burn Duration 0-10% (Degrees)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
AVG./STD. Burn Duration 10-90% (Degrees)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
Total Misfires /600 Engine Cycles
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Total
Cylinder Exhaust Temperatures (Degrees F)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
RunlO
PCC
13.24
442
516.5/26 1
523.8/224
520.4/284
5149/233
518.9/25.1
185/ 4
18 O/ .3
185/ 4
182/ 3
18.3 / .4
1 7
1.4
1 8
1 4
1.58
94/ I
95/ 1
96/ 2
92/ 0
9.4 / .1
178/29
170/2 1
170/24
18.1/20
17.5/2.4
00
00
0.0
00
0.00
601.8
7386
598.1
685.6
656.05
Runll
PCC
12.87
378
4889/381
493 0 / 25 6
485.3/38.2
497 1 / 25.3
491.1/31.8
192/2 1
184/1 5
195/2.3
183/14
18.9 / 1.8
32
1 4
28
1.6
2.25
102/1.5
102/1.2
11.1 /1.5
9.9/1.2
10.4/1.4
19.4/44
197/2.3
23.1/33
19.8/2.5
20.5/3.1
0.0
00
0.0
0.0
0.00
527.4
647.7
536.0
605.4
579.12
Run 12
PCC
12.87
378
490 9 / 36 6
493.6 / 25 4
487.4 / 39.2
499.9/25.3
492.9/31.6
19 1 /2.0
18.3/1.4
194/2.3
18.2/1.4
18.7/1.8
2.8
1 3
25
1.5
2.03
10.5/1 7
103/1.2
10.8/1 5
98/1.3
10.4 / 1.4
23 5 / 3 4
19.9/26
204/3.2
195/2.4
20.8/2.9
2.0
0.0
00
00
0.50
531 4
6508
541.3
611.0
583.62
Run 13
PCC
13.51
441
4769/28.9
4786/237
467.6/324
483.1/239
476.6/27.2
21.4/1 8
21.1 /1.5
22 0 / 2 4
20 9 / 1 5
21.3/1.8
00
00
00
00
0.00
118/13
11 8/1.2
124/1 5
114/11
11.9/1.3
20 0 / 20 0
180/182
195/183
208/189
19.6 / 18.9
00
00
0.0
00
0.00
608 5
7322
610.5
6893
660.11
-------
Colorado State University
March 30 - April 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
MEASURED EMISSIONS
Ignition Type
Air Manifold Pressure ("Hg)
Engine Horsepower (BHP)
Emissions Measured (Dry)
NO, (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOV (ppm)' Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
02 % Pre-Catalyst
O2 %: Post-Catalyst
C02 %. Pre-Catalyst
C02 % Post-Catalyst
Emissions Measured (Wet)
Methane (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm) Post-Catalyst
FTIR Measured Emissions (Wet)
Water-H20
Carbon Monoxide-CO (ppm) Pre-Cataiyst
Carbon Monoxide-CO (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Carbon Dioxide-CO2 (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Carbon Dioxide-CO2 (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Nitric Oxide-NO (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
NitricOxide-NO(ppm) Post-Catalyst
Nitrogen Dioxide-NO2 (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Nitrogen Dioxide-NO2 (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Nitrous Oxide-N2O (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Nitrous Oxide-N20 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Ammonia-NHj (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Ammonia-NH3 (ppm)' Post-Catalyst
Oxides of Nitrogen-NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Oxides of Nitrogen-N0x (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Methane-CH; (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
Methane-CK, (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Acetylene-C2H2 (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Acetylene-C2H2 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Ethylene-C2H4 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Ethylene-CjHi (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Ethane-CA (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
Ethane-C2H« (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Propene-CjHs (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Propene-CsHs (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Formaldehyde-H2CO (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Formaldehyde-H2CO (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Methanol-CHjOH (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methanol-CH3OH (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Propane-CjH, (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Propane-CjH, (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Sulfur Dioxide-S02 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Sulfur Dioxide-S02 (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Total Hydrocarbons-THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Total Hydrocarbons-THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde-CH3CHO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde-CH3CHO (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Acrolein CH2=CHCHO (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Acrolein CH2=CHCHO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1 -3 Butadiene (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
1-3 Butadiene (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Isobutylene (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
Isobutylene (ppm): Post-Catalyst
RunlO
PCC
13.24
442
154.87
162.39
8380
29 17
96461
1005.77
1463
1463
3.66
353
765.26
717.99
2833
2826
82746
85099
19372
33706
33623
119538
135415
30820
18.216
0.000
0000
0.000
0000
150358
153632
912712
866 329
0.000
0000
7565
2935
42.719
54.840
0.000
0000
16.931
8.45!
0.541
0.000
15.335
11.967
5.930
4.124
1053.709
1114.227
0.000
0000
0052
0.000
0000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Runll
PCC
12.87
378
2763
31 15
118.45
4746
1326 18
137555
15.20
15.40
305
3.01
1090.06
102697
4622
45.58
82706
117 185
35480
28780
29371
8319
20799
22.220
0000
0.000
0000
0.000
0.000
30.539
18981
1253 789
1206 837
0.000
0.000
8 112
4920
56.880
71 402
0.000
0.000
15.954
10.453
0.675
0.000
20690
18.184
4.654
0.000
1435.990
1548931
0.000
0.000
0.028
0000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Runl2
PCC
12.87
378
30.46
34.24
113.56
4461
1311 63
1364.57
15.30
1540
3.05
299
1048.79
1121.69
41 20
4866
82567
112.958
33.003
28730
29445
10466
24349
22.754
2 100
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
33219
26.448
1238.013
1 190.839
0.000
0000
7927
4.545
55.834
69.739
0.000
0000
15.992
10.212
0.661
0.000
21.642
18.641
4.895
0.000
1420.413
1528.571
0.000
0000
0.070
0.000
0.000
0000
0.000
0.000
Runl3
PCC
13.51
441
94.42
10057
86.07
31.67
910.54
93566
1460
1450
3,64
355
69657
61909
5692
5738
93229
82.650
17.551
34317
34248
59781
79 148
31.178
17.282
0.000
0.000
0000
0000
90.959
96.431
760.130
750 865
0000
0000
11.363
4.415
67.021
86275
0.000
0.000
17.589
9.295
0656
0000
22.461
17092
0.000
1.909
977 452
1061.838
0.000
0000
0000
0.000
0.097
0000
0.000
0.000
-------
Colorado State University
March 30 - April 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
MEASURED EMISSIONS
gnition Type
Air Manifold Pressure ("Hg)
Engine Horsepower (BHP)
Calculated Carbon Balance Emissions
Exhaust H20% (Pre-Catalyst)
Exhaust H2O% (Post-Catalyst)
02 %
02 Balance
Exhaust Flow (LB/HR)
Fuel Consumption (BSFC)
Air Flow (LB/HR)
Trapped Air/Fuel Ratio
In Cylinder Temperature
Air/Fuel Ratio
^-Factor Emissions Calculations (dry)
NO, (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
NO, (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
NO, (Ib/hr)' Pre-Catalyst
NO, (ppm) Post-Catalyst
NO, (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
NO, (lb/hr) Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
THC (lb/hr). Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm) Post-Catalyst
THC (g/bhp-hr) Post-Catalyst
THC (lb/hr), Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
CO (g/bhp-hr) Pre-Catalyst
CO (lb/hr) Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm). Post-Catalyst
CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
CO (lb/hr): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm)' Pre-Catalyst
Methane (g/bhp-hr) Pre-Catalyst
Methane (lb/hr). Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
Methane (g/bhp-hr) Post-Catalyst
Methane (lb/hr) Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (lb/hr) Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr) Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (lb/hr). Post-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (ppm)' Pre-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (lb/hr). Pre-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (g/bhp-hr)' Post-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (lb/hr)' Post-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (lb/hr): Pre-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (g/bhp-hr)' Post-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (lb/hr): Post-Catalyst
Acrolein (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
Acrolein (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr). Post-Catalyst
Acrolein (Ib/hr)- Post-Catalyst
Calculated Catalyst Efficiency (FTIR wet)
Carbon Monoxide-CO (%)
Formaldehyde-HjCO (%)
RunlO
PCC
13.24
442
840
8 19
14.55
0.36
90249
8195
8845 1
24.3
2996.8
49.2
154.868
2.199
2 140
162387
2.305
2.244
964 607
4850
4.722
1005.769
5.057
4923
83.798
0.736
0.716
29174
0.256
0.249
834 295
4.195
4.084
782.760
3.936
3831
30.888
0427
0416
30.808
0.426
0.414
18.458
0.174
0.169
9.213
0.087
0.084
0000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.056
0.001
0001
0.000
0.000
0.000
77.24%
50 09%
Run 11
PCC
12.87
378
7.65
7.58
1548
-1.28
87628
8063
8611.3
27.3
3131 3
569
27630
0425
0.354
31 151
0479
0.399
1326.179
7.221
6023
1375553
7.490
6247
118446
1 126
0939
47457
0.451
0.376
1188.347
6471
5.397
1119.563
6.096
5085
50.388
0754
0.629
49693
0.744
0.620
17.392
0177
0.148
11.396
0.116
0.097
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.030
0001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
69.72%
34.48%
Runl2
PCC
12.87
378
7.67
7.56
15.48
-0.85
8754.4
8062
86032
274
3129.1
56.9
30463
0477
0.397
34239
0.536
0.446
1311.625
7269
6052
1364.567
7.563
6.297
113.556
1.099
0.915
44.612
0.432
0359
1143.181
6.336
5.275
1222.638
6776
5642
44.911
0684
0.570
53041
0.808
0.673
17.431
0.181
0.151
11.132
0.115
0.096
0.000
0.000
0000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.076
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
70.78%
36.14%
Runl3
PCC
13.51
441
8.51
8.36
14.52
033
8973.0
8170
8795.7
25.2
28978
496
94418
1.330
1.294
100 570
1.417
1.379
910545
4.542
4420
935.659
4668
4542
86069
0750
0729
31.668
0276
0.268
768.188
3.832
3.729
682 744
3406
3314
62768
0.861
0.838
63.285
0.868
0844
19.398
0.181
0.176
10.250
0.096
0.093
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0000
0.000
0000
78.77%
47.16%
-------
Colorado State University
March 30 - April 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
ENGINE OPERATING PARAMETERS
Ignition Type
Dynamometer Torque (ft-lb)
Brake Horsepower
BSFC (BTU/BHP-HR)
Engine Speed (RPM)
Timing (Degrees BTDC)
Average Fuel Valve Timing - SOA (Degrees BTDC)
Average Fuel Valve Duration (Degrees)
Avg Loc of Peak Pressure (Degrees)
Air/Fuel Ratio
Pressures
Air Manifold (in Hg)
Exhaust Manifold (in. Hg)
Fuel Manifold (psig)
Average Cylinder Peak (psia)
Temperatures (°F)
Air Manifold
Fuel Manifold
Average Cylinder Exhaust
Exhaust Stack
Jacket Water Inlet
Jacket Water Outlet
Lube Oil Inlet
Lube Oil Outlet
Pre-Catalyst
Post-Catalyst
Fuel Flow Measurements
Static Fuel (psia)
Fuel Differential (in H2O)
Fuel Temperature (F)
Fuel Consumption (scfh)
Higher Heating Value-Dry (Btu)
Lower Heating Value-Dry (Btu)
Fuel Tube I.D (in.)
Fuel Orifice O.D (in )
Annubar Flow Rates
Inlet Air Flow (scfm)
Exhaust Flow (scfm)
Ambient Conditions
Barometric Pressure (in. Hg)
Dry Bulb Temperature (F)
Relative Humidity (%)
Absolute Humidity (Ib/lb)
Absolute Humidity (gr/lb)
Air Manifold Conditions
Boost Pressure (in. Hg)
Dry Bulb Temperature (F)
Relative Humidity (%)
Relative Humidity (%) - Corrected*
Absolute Humidity (Ib/lb)
Absolute Humidity (gr/lb)
RunI4
PCC
7728
441
7857
300
3.90
120
250
169
488
1339
10.35
45.00
541 3
110 1
1294
6232
5380
156.2
1643
141.2
152.7
542
537
594
45 1
81 8
3585
1072
968
3.068
05
2040.!
19392
1201
54.5
31.5
00034
24 0549
1339
110 1
34.2
49.5
0.01500
10497
RunIS
PCC
7729
442
8285
299
1 80
120
250
190
47.6
1324
1025
4900
5055
1107
113.6
652 1
558.8
1560
1649
141.4
1520
599
590
597
475
598
3715
1090
985
3.068
05
2037.1
1891 5
1203
37.7
579
0.0033
23 4370
13.24
1107
325
48.1
0.01455
101.85
Runl6
PCC
7731
442
8282
299
1.80
120
250
190
49.9
13.24
1025
51.00
5074
1108
112 1
651.2
5567
1554
1640
141.9
1526
599
590
597
473
58.3
3713
1090
985
3.068
05
20305
18794
1203
34.3
56 1
00028
198211
13.24
1108
32.5
482
0.01460
102.23
•Air manifold relative humidity corrected to the reference ambient
conditions of 90°F, 14 696 psi
-------
Colorado State University
March 30 - April 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
COMBUSTION ANALYSIS
Ignition Type
Air Manifold Pressure ("Hg)
Engine Horse Power
AVG./STD. Cylinder Peak Pressure (psia)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
AVG./STD. Location Peak Pressure (Deg.ATDQ
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
COV. Cylinder IMEP
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
AVG./STD. Burn Duration 0-10% (Degrees)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
AVG./STD. Burn Duration 10-90% (Degrees)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
Total Misfires 7600 Engine Cycles
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Total
Cylinder Exhaust Temperatures (Degrees F)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
Runl4
PCC
13.39
441
545.4/30.6
537.7/25.7
531.5/354
550.8/23.0
541.3/28.7
17.0/1.6
167/1.4
178/1 9
16.2/1.2
16.9/1.5
2.1
1.4
1 8
1 5
1.70
74/16
75/1.1
82/1 5
6.9/09
7.5 / 1.3
17.5/3 1
175/24
168/27
17.3/23
17.3/2.6
00
0.0
00
0.0
0.00
S70.2
694.2
574.1
654.3
623.20
RunlS
PCC
13.24
442
518.3/26.2
521.7/22.6
456.5 / 34.0
5257/24.1
505.5/26.7
18.8/1.4
184/1.4
20 7 / 2 9
18.3/1.4
19.0 / 1.8
1 7
1 3
3 1
1 5
1.90
9.7/1.1
97/10
11 1/1.8
96/1.1
10.0 / 1.3
18.4/3.4
173/1.9
21.1/39
17.9/2.0
L_ 18.7/2.8
0.0
00
0.0
00
0.00
601.0
733.6
584.8
689.0
652.10
Run 16
PCC
13.24
442
4906/29.0
542.7 / 22.7
495.3/302
500.9/23.4
507.4/26.3
196/1.5
17.9/1.3
19.6/17
18.9/1.4
19.0/1.5
20
1 3
20
1.3
1.65
100/1.2
93/09
10.3/1 3
97/1.0
9.8/1.1
20.3 / 3 2
16.3/1 8
18.4/2.9
1 8 9 / 2.2
18.5/2.5
00
00
0.0
00
0.00
5923
751.0
589.3
672.1
651.17
-------
Colorado State University
March 30 - April 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
MEASURED EMISSIONS
Ignition Type
Air Manifold Pressure ("Hg)
Engine Horsepower (BHP)
Emissions Measured (Dry)
NO, (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
NO, (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm) Post-Catalyst
O2 %' Pre-Catalyst
O2 % Post-Catalyst
C02 % Pre-Catalyst
CO2 %. Post-Catalyst
Emissions Measured (Wet)
Methane (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm) Post-Catalyst
FTIR Measured Emissions (Wet)
Water-H20
Carbon Monoxide-CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Carbon Monoxide-CO (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Carbon Dioxide-CO2 (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Carbon Dioxide-C02 (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Nitric Oxide-NO (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Nitric Oxide-NO (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Nitrogen Dioxide-NO2 (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
Nitrogen Dioxide-NO2 (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Nitrous Oxide-N20 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Nitrous Oxide-N2O (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Ammonia-NH3 (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
Ammonia-NH; (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Oxides of Nitrogen-NOx (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Oxides of Nitrogen-NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane-CH, (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
Methane-CR, (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Acetylene-C2H2 (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Acetylene-C2H2 (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Ethylene-C2H4 (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
Ethylene-CjH, (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Ethane-C2H6 (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Ethane-CjH^ (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
Propene-CjH^ (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
Propene-CjHj (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Formaldehyde-HjCO (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Formaldehyde-H2CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
MethanoI-CH,OH (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methanol-CHjOH (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
Propane-C3H, (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Propane-CjHj (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Sulfur Dioxide-SOj (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Sulfur Dioxide-SO2 (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Total Hydrocarbons-THC (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
Total Hydrocarbons-THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde-CH3CHO (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde-CH3CHO (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Acrolein CH2=CHCHO (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Acrolein CH2=CHCHO (ppm) Post-Catalyst
1-3 Butadiene (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1-3 Butadiene (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Isobutylene (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
sobutylene (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Ruol4
PCC
13.39
441
87.22
92.46
101 43
34.46
977.71
995.13
1460
14.50
370
355
708.75
651.84
5677
61 41
90337
97.128
22.621
32797
32923
58678
74808
26813
15645
0.000
0000
0000
0000
85489
90454
808 142
803 684
0.000
0.000
9.854
4519
71.323
92231
0000
0.000
15.324
8.204
0.566
0.000
23.654
18.572
0.000
1.578
1032.064
1136766
0.000
0.000
0000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0000
RunlS
PCC
13.24
442
139.54
147.42
9647
3147
1034 86
1061.81
14.70
14.70
378
376
79202
74646
31 46
30.97
89956
97.130
21 615
33469
33452
105276
120451
29001
16879
0000
0.000
0000
0000
134.277
137.330
958841
909 333
0.000
0.000
8289
3.259
46.134
58.578
0.000
0000
17.476
9.053
0.725
0.000
15.278
11.960
6.043
0.179
1107.570
1169.970
0.000
0000
0.060
0000
0.000
0.000
0000
0000
Runl6
PCC
13.24
442
162.53
171.22
93.55
31 09
1012.64
106233
14.60
14.70
3.60
352
84462
768.28
37.70
28.71
90039
94505
21.575
33495
33561
126214
141.909
29.364
18035
0.000
0000
0000
0.000
155.576
159943
960581
915.309
0.000
0.000
8.247
3.272
45.785
58708
0000
0.000
17491
8.803
0.686
0.000
15.268
12.092
5.433
0.800
1108.000
1177.322
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0000
-------
Colorado State University
March 30 - April 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
MEASURED EMISSIONS
Ignition Type
Air Manifold Pressure ("Hg)
Engine Horsepower (BHP)
Calculated Carbon Balance Emissions
Exhaust HaO% (Pre-Catalyst)
Exhaust H20% (Post-Catalyst)
Oj %
O2 Balance
Exhaust Flow (LB/HR)
Fuel Consumption (BSFC)
Air Flow (LB/HR)
Trapped Air/Fuel Ratio
[n Cylinder Temperature
Air/Fuel Ratio
F-Factor Emissions Calculations (dry)
NO, (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NO, (g/bhp-hr). Pre-Catalyst
NO, (Ib/hr) Pre-Catalyst
NO, (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
NO, (g/bhp-hr) Post-Catalyst
NO, (Ib/hr) Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
THC (g/bhp-hr) Pre-Catalyst
THC (Ib/hr). Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm) Post-Catalyst
THC (g/bhp-hr) Post-Catalyst
THC (Ib/hr) Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
CO (g/bhp-hr) Pre-Catalyst
CO (Ib/hr) Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm) Post-Catalyst
CO (g/bhp-hr)- Post-Catalyst
CO (Ib/hr) Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Methane (g/bhp-hr)- Pre-Catalyst
Methane (Ib/hr) Pre-Catalyst
Methane (pprn) Post-Catalyst
Methane (g/bhp-hr) Post-Catalyst
Methane (Ib/hr): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr). Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (Ib/hr): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr)- Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (Ib/hr) Post-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (Ib/hr): Pre-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (Ib/hr)' Post-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (Ib/hr)- Pre-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (Ib/hr): Post-Catalyst
Acrolein (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Acrolein (g/bnp-hr). Pre-Catalyst
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr). Pre-Catalyst
Acrolein (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
Acrolein (Ib/hr) Post-Catalyst
Calculated Catalyst Efficiency (FTIR wet)
Carbon Monoxide-CO (%)
Formaldehyde-H2CO (%)
Run 14
PCC
13.39
441
8.63
838
1442
078
8484.3
7857
83138
255
2961 6
488
87219
1.182
1.150
92465
1.253
1 219
97771!
4691
4565
995 125
4774
4647
101 426
0850
0.827
34457
0.289
0281
779.138
3.738
3.638
716.571
3438
3.346
62403
0823
0801
67.511
0.890
0.867
16.846
0151
0 147
9.019
0.081
0.079
0.000
0.000
0000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0000
0.000
0.000
0.000
76.71%
46.46%
RunlS
PCC
13.24
442
8.60
856
14.34
1.54
8833 1
8285
8651 3
24.3
2909.5
47.6
139.537
2026
1.972
147418
2 140
2.084
1034859
5321
5.180
1061 811
5.460
5.315
96.474
0.866
0.843
31 469
0.283
0.275
870 309
4475
4357
820.247
4218
4.106
34571
0489
0.476
34028
0.481
0.468
19.203
0.185
0.180
9.948
0.096
0.093
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.066
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
77.75%
48.20%
Run 16
PCC
13.24
442
8.32
8.18
14.64
-018
9241.1
8282
90594
247
29000
499
162.533
2321
2260
171.216
2.445
2381
1012638
5 122
4.987
1062.331
5.374
5.232
93553
0.826
0804
31.089
0.275
0.267
928 192
4.695
4.571
844.296
4.271
4.158
41.430
0576
0.561
31.548
0439
0.427
19.222
0.182
0.177
9.674
0.092
0089
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0000
0.000
0.000
0.000
77.17%
49.67%
-------
Colorado State University
March 30 - April 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
ENGINE OPERATING PARAMETERS
Ignition Type
Dynamometer Torque (ft-lb)
Brake Horsepower
BSFC (BTU/BHP-HR)
Engine Speed (RPM)
Timing (Degrees BTDC)
Average Fuel Valve Timing - SOA (Degrees BTDC)
Average Fuel Valve Duration (Degrees)
Avg Loc. of Peak Pressure (Degrees)
Air/Fuel Ratio
Pressures
Air Manifold (in Hg)
Exhaust Manifold (in Hg)
Fuel Manifold (psig)
Average Cylinder Peak (psia)
Temperatures (°F)
Air Manifold
Fuel Manifold
Average Cylinder Exhaust
Exhaust Stack
Jacket Water Inlet
Jacket Water Outlet
Lube Oil Inlet
Lube Oil Outlet
Pre-Catalyst
Post-Catalyst
Fuel Flow Measurements
Static Fuel (psia)
Fuel Differential (in H2O)
Fuel Temperature (F)
Fuel Consumption (scfh)
Higher Heating Value-Dry (Btu)
Lower Heating Value-Dry (Btu)
Fuel Tube I D. (in.)
Fuel Orifice O.D (in )
Annubar Flow Rates
Inlet Air Flow (scfm)
Exhaust Flow (scfm)
Ambient Conditions
Barometric Pressure (in Hg)
Dry Bulb Temperature (F)
Relative Humidity (%)
Absolute Humidity (Ib/lb)
Absolute Humidity (gr/lb)
Air Manifold Conditions
Boost Pressure (in. Hg)
Dry Bulb Temperature (F)
Relative Humidity (%)
Relative Humidity (%) - Corrected*
Absolute Humidity (Ib/lb)
Absolute Humidity (gr/lb)
PAH1
PCC
7326
377
8099
270
1 30
120
250
17.1
506
8.01
544
41 04
501.9
1102
1179
6030
518.6
157.4
1650
1434
154.7
524
517
604
350
643
3277
1032
931
3068
05
17870
16309
1204
34.1
57.7
00029
202350
801
110.2
284
480
0.01452
101.64
PAH2
PCC
7341
377
8143
270
260
120
25.0
18.9
577
1287
10.06
4200
489.7
110.4
1190
5747
502.3
157.4
1647
1424
1520
505
500
603
356
648
3300
1032
931
3.068
05
2051 6
1851 5,
12.04
325
61.5
00029
20 1949
12.87
1104
336
49.7
0.01505
105.36
PAH3
PCC
7353
378
8062
270
260
120
250
18.8
56.9
12.87
10.06
41 77
492.0
110.3
121 8
581.4
5055
157.3
164.3
143 1
1532
507
500
603
35.1
65.9
3274
1032
931
3068
05
20170
1822.7
12.04
29.9
684
0.0029
20.1710
12.87
110.3
33.5
494
0.01496
104.74
*Air manifold relative humidity corrected to the reference ambient
conditions of 90°F, 14.696 psi.
-------
Colorado State University
March 30 - April 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
COMBUSTION ANALYSIS
gnition Type
Air Manifold Pressure ("Hg)
Engine Horse Power
AVG./STD. Cylinder Peak Pressure (psia)
Cylinder 1
Cylinders
Cylinders
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
AVG./STD. Location Peak Pressure (Deg.ATDC)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinders
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
COV. Cylinder IMEP
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylmder3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
AVG./STD. Burn Duration 0-10% (Degrees)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinders
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
AVG./STD. Burn Duration 10-90% (Degrees)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
Total Misfires /600 Engine Cycles
Cylinder !
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Total
Cylinder Exhaust Temperatures (Degrees F)
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Engine Average
PAHI
PCC
8.01
377
5046/24.5
499.4/18.2
504.4/254
499 1 / 20.5
501.9/22.1
17.2/1.2
17.0/1.2
17.2/1.3
17.2/12
17.1/1.2
2.3
1.3
20
1 3
1.73
9.8/09
10.1 M.O
98/10
100/1.0
9.9 / 1.0
157/2.4
15.6/1 9
13.6/22
16.1/2.0
15.3/2.1
0.0
00
0.0
00
0.00
550.9
681.1
552.1
627.7
602.96
PAH2
PCC
12.87
377
4832/393
493.0/25.7
484.8/39.0
4980/26.0
489.7/32.5
19.3/2.5
185/1.5
196/2.4
184/14
18.9/2.0
33
1 4
30
1 5
2.30
106/1 6
10.2/1.2
11.0/1 7
98/12
10.4/1.4
22 8 / 4.4
19.6/24
20 1 / 3 5
195/2.8
20.5 / 3.3
00
00
0.0
0.0
0.00
521.5
642.2
533.5
601.5
574.69
PAH3
PCC
12.87
378
4899/373
493.3/25.5
486.4/38.7
498.5/253
492.0/31.7
19 1/2.1
18.4/1.5
19.5/23
18.3/1.4
18.8/1.8
2.8
1.3
2.5
1.5
2.03
10.5/1.7
10.3/1.2
I0.8/ 1.5
98/13
10.4 / 1.4
23.5/34
19.9/2.6
204/3.2
19.5/2.4
20.8/2.9
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.50
5294
649.2
538.7
608.2
581.37
-------
Colorado State University
March 30 - April 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
MEASURED EMISSIONS
Ignition Type
Air Manifold Pressure ("Hg)
Engine Horsepower (BHP)
Emissions Measured (Dry)
NO, (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
NO, (ppm). Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm). Post-Catalyst
O2 %. Pre-Catalyst
02 %. Post-Catalyst
C02 %: Pre-Catalyst
C02 %. Post-Catalyst
Emissions Measured (Wet)
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm)' Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
FTIR Measured Emissions (Wet)
Water-H2O
Carbon Monoxide-CO (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Carbon Monoxide-CO (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Carbon Dioxide-C02 (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Carbon Dioxide-CO2 (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
Nitric Oxide-NO (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Nitric Oxide-NO (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Nitrogen Dioxide-NO2 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Nitrogen Dioxide-N02 (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
Nitrous Oxide-N2O (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Nitrous Oxide-N20 (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Ammonia-NH3 (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
Ammoma-NH3 (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Oxides of Nitrogen-NOx (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
Oxides of Nitrogen-NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane-CK, (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Methane-CH, (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Acetylene-C2H2 (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
Acetylene-C2H2 (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Ethylene-C2H4 (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
Ethylene-C2H, (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Ethane-C2H4 (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Ethane-C2H« (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Propene-CjUj (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
Propene-CsHe (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Formaldehyde-H2CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Formaldehyde-H2CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methanol-CHjOH (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methanol-CHjOH (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Propane-C3H, (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
Propane-CjH, (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Sulfur Dioxide-SO2 (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Sulfur Dioxide-SOj (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Total Hydrocarbons-THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Total Hydrocarbons-THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde-CH3CHO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde-CH3CHO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Acrolein CH2=CHCHO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Acrolein CH2=CHCHO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1 -3 Butadiene (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
1-3 Butadiene (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Isobutylene (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
Isobutylene (ppm) Post-Catalyst
PAH1
PCC
8.01
377
324 10
327.44
78.18
3047
1462.52
1474.74
14.58
14.73
344
335
1127.15
104643
47.74
5009
88327
77.258
18946
32332
32936
274.754
286.934
28714
16963
0.000
0000
0000
0000
303.467
303 897
1330833
1277.346
0000
0000
6249
3 105
64.843
81 623
0000
0.000
14.588
7.867
0.648
0.000
21.324
18.509
4.229
0195
1527.323
1644594
0000
0.000
0080
0000
0000
0.000
0.000
0.000
PAH2
PCC
12.87
377
2659
30.11
118.14
46 16
1376.98
1423.14
15.40
15.50
3.00
2.92
1118.49
103080
3940
41.48
81574
116746
34473
28247
28873
7.724
21.377
22 113
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
29.838
18787
1305 385
1247 156
0000
0000
7.729
4.685
54.491
68.863
0.000
0.000
15.774
10.213
0.704
0.000
18.551
16.180
5.844
0.000
1476.985
1582888
0.000
0.000
0026
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
PAH3
PCC
12.87
378
29.05
32.70
116.00
46.03
1318.90
137006
15.25
15.40
3.05
3.00
106943
1074 33
4371
47.12
82590
115.103
34242
28757
29408
9.402
22.574
22488
1050
0000
0.000
0000
0000
31.890
22.715
1245.310
1198838
0.000
0000
8020
4.733
56.325
70.570
0.000
0.000
15.970
10.333
0.672
0.000
21.162
18.412
4.658
0.000
1427.528
1538751
0000
0.000
0032
0000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-------
Colorado State University
March 30 - April 2,1999
EPA RICE Testing
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
MEASURED EMISSIONS
Ignition Type
Air Manifold Pressure ("Hg)
Engine Horsepower (BHP)
Calculated Carbon Balance Emissions
Exhaust H2O% (Pre-Catalyst)
Exhaust H20% (Post-Catalyst)
02 %
O; Balance
Exhaust Flow (LB/HR)
Fuel Consumption (BSFC)
Air Flow (LB/HR)
Trapped Air/Fuel Ratio
In Cylinder Temperature
Air/Fuel Ratio
F-Factor Emissions Calculations (dry)
NO, (ppm): Pre-Cataiyst
NO, (g/bhp-hr) Pre-Catalyst
NO, (Ib/hr) Pre-Catalyst
NO, (ppm): Post-Catalyst
NO, (g/bhp-hr) Post-Catalyst
NO, (Ib/hr) Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
THC (g/bhp-hr) Pre-Catalyst
THC (Ib/hr) Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
THC (g/bhp-hr) Post-Catalyst
THC (Ib/hr)- Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
CO (Ib/hr): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm) Post-Catalyst
CO (g/bhp-hr) Post-Catalyst
CO (Ib/hr): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm)-. Pre-Catalyst
Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (Ib/hr). Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
Methane (Ib/hr): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (Ib/hr): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (Ib/hr) Post-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (Ib/hr): Pre-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
Formaldehyde (Ib/hr): Post-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (g/bhp-hr). Pre-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (Ib/hr)- Pre-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (g/bhp-hr)- Post-Catalyst
Acetaldehyde (Ib/hr): Post-Catalyst
Acrolein (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
Acrolein (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Acrolein (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
Acrolein (Ib/hr): Post-Catalyst
Calculated Catalyst Efficiency (FTIR wet)
Carbon Monoxide-CO (%)
Formaldehyde-HjCO (%)
PAH1
PCC
8.01
377
824
807
14.80
-0.96
7812.9
8099
7661.5
23.9
35695
50.6
324 102
4513
3.747
327.445
4559
3.786
1462.516
7212
5.989
1474.743
7.272
6039
78.182
0.673
0559
30474
0.262
0.218
1236.352
6.097
5.063
1147818
5660
4700
52.367
0.710
0589
54.941
0745
0.618
16.002
0148
0.123
8.596
0.079
0.066
0.000
0.000
0000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.088
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
75 48%
46 07%
PAH2
PCC
12.87
377
7.59
745
1557
-0.79
89532
8143
8800.7
274
3154.2
57.7
26.592
0428
0356
30.113
0485
0.403
1376975
7.848
6528
1423 145
8.111
6746
118 135
1.176
0978
46.164
0459
0.382
1217 829
6941
5773
1122.351
6.397
5320
42.901
0.672
0.559
45 165
0708
0.589
17.175
0.183
0.152
11.121
0.119
0.099
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0000
0.028
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
70.47%
35.25%
PAH3
PCC
12.87
378
7.66
7.57
15.48
-1.06
87586
8062
8607.3
274
3130.1
56.9
29047
0.451
0.375
32.695
0.507
0423
1318902
7245
6.037
1370.060
7526
6272
116.001
1.113
0.927
46.034
0.442
0368
1165.703
6.403
5.336
1171.044
6.433
5361
47.647
0.719
0600
51.364
0.776
0.646
17.408
0.179
0.149
11.263
0.116
0.097
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.035
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
70.25%
35 30%
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX B
BASELINE
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
Colorado State Universitv: Enaines and Enerav Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Baseline 440BHP 7.5/2.5
Data Point Number: 033099-Baseline
Description
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/lbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVGERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr). Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B S. NOx (g/bhp-hr)- Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr). Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
C02 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
.4BTDC PCC
Date:
Average
74.65
12.03
3.00
7.76
29.29
0.01508
110.10
1716.01
1708.54
5.00
58890
643.23
764.15
635.73
732.48
29900
29942
52020
441 23
8252.88
961.70
3786 07
0.62
8831
51 42
59.01
48.00
139.16
41.50
387
3.23
3.14
50.89
54.66
0.43
0 14
13.60
1350
6406
19.92
4.31
4.16
822.20
821.92
998.10
1025.97
1189.25
1230.14
922.18
917.38
63.27
63.78
03/30/99
Min
73.00
12.03
3.00
772
28.00
108.10
1688.00
1691.00
4.85
587.00
640.00
761.00
633.00
730.00
299.00
297.00
518.00
434.90
8127.00
961.70
3738 00
0.62
88.15
50.13
58.94
48.00
138.00
41.10
3.22
3.23
3.14
49.30
52.40
0.43
0.14
13.60
13.50
63.30
19.80
4.31
4.16
816.40
792.00
998.10
985.50
1157.70
1175.20
911.70
855.20
62.90
62.30
Time:
Max
77.00
12.03
3.00
7.79
30.00
111.80
1738.00
1725.00
5.11
589.00
646.00
767.00
639.00
736.00
29900
302.00
527.00
447.30
8372.00
961 70
3837.00
0.62
88.50
53.15
59.10
48.00
141.00
41.79
3.88
3.23
3.14
52.70
58.30
0.43
0.14
13.60
13.50
64.70
20.30
4.31
416
830.30
860.00
998.10
1077.20
1232.00
1320.70
944.10
933.70
65.40
65.10
12:56:17
STDV
0.89
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.96
0.65
9.01
6.41
0.04
0.44
1.10
1.34
1.15
1.19
0.00
1.45
2.41
2.54
46.47
000
19.46
000
008
0.56
0.03
0.00
0.87
0.25
0.04
0.00
000
072
1 11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.43
0.21
0.00
0.00
306
16.02
0.00
20.88
14.57
26.04
14.86
30.82
0.89
1.40
Variance
1.20
0.00
0.00
0.16
3.28
0.59
0.53
0.38
0.79
007
0.17
0.17
0.18
016
0.00
048
0.46
0.57
056
0.00
0.51
000
009
1.08
0.05
0.00
0.63
061
1.03
0.00
0.00
1 42
2.04
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.66
1.07
0.00
0.00
0.37
1.95
000
2.04
1.22
2 12
1.61
3.36
140
2.19
-------
Colorado State Universitv: Engines and Enerav Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Baseline 440BHP 7.5/2.5
Data Point Number: 033099-Baseline
Description
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor- Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor- Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
.4BTDC PCC
Date:
Average
16.60
7723.54
9119.87
134.00
140.61
121.03
133.87
157.01
164.95
142.00
155.00
27.59
0.45
0.14
11.63
11.83
5.21
5.18
502.12
487.26
500.84
494.15
21.66
18.93
24.74
23.49
18.18
18.60
18.31
1883
1.41
1.28
1.40
154
30099
274.02
308.84
28641
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.32
0.72
1.83
0.99
41.69
25.00
12000
2500
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
03/30/99
Min
16.52
7669.00
9080.00
134.00
140.00
121.00
133.00
153.00
162.00
142.00
155.00
25.00
0.45
0.14
11.63
11.77
5.21
5 11
498.60
482.50
49760
489.00
1626
12.73
18.37
17.98
17.98
18.29
1810
18.56
1.11
0.92
1.21
1.16
30030
273.50
306.80
285.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.09
0.68
1.38
0.75
41.30
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
Time:
Max
16.69
7789.00
9240.00
134.00
143.00
123.00
135.00
160.00
168.00
142.00
155,00
30.00
0.45
0.14
11,63
12.35
5.21
5.69
504.40
49070
503.80
498.30
26.48
22.53
27.92
29.60
18.65
18.75
18.55
19.27
1.69
1.48
1.62
2.01
301.20
274.10
312.90
286.60
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
1.54
0.86
2.18
1.24
42.10
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
12:56:17
STDV
0.03
23.78
42.18
0.00
0.73
0.23
0.99
1 30
1.54
0.00
0.00
1.39
0.00
000
0.00
0.12
0.00
0 18
1.94
2.41
1.74
2.51
2.91
3.15
2.70
395
0.18
013
0.14
0.25
0.19
0.18
0.12
0.28
0.25
0.19
1.96
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.05
0.22
0.14
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Variance
0.21
0.31
0.46
0.00
052
0.19
074
0.83
0.93
0.00
0.00
5.05
0.00
000
0.00
1.04
0.00
3.49
039
0.49
0.35
0.51
1342
16.67
10.93
1682
0.98
0.70
0.77
1.32
13.18
1427
890
18.06
0.08
007
0.63
0.07
000
0.00
0.00
000
9.73
6.94
12.14
14.37
0.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Baseline 440 bhp 7.75/2.75
Data Point Number: 033199-baseline
Description
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/lbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVGERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B S. NOx (g/bhp-hr)- Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr). Pre-Catalyst
B.S THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
.4btdc pec
Date:
Average
62.54
12.01
17.00
7.75
29.11
0.01497
110.01
1734.21
1717.18
5.00
589.55
642.27
775.51
624.85
741.40
300.00
29943
51849
441.06
8249.01
965.10
3770.73
0.62
7728
4959
59.37
49.00
127.27
42.08
3.64
0.12
0.03
11.31
1259
488
5.36
13.30
13.40
72.63
21.57
4.44
4.13
788.82
872.35
997.60
1099.31
1178.18
1174.65
815.64
825.79
60.38
68.48
03/31/99
Min
60.00
12.01
17.00
7.73
28.00
10860
1707.00
1701.00
4.92
589.00
641.00
774.00
623.00
73900
30000
29700
515.00
435.80
8130.00
965.10
3734.00
062
77.19
4862
59.30
49.00
127.00
42.00
3.64
012
003
11 31
12.59
4.88
5.36
13.30
13.40
71.70
20.80
4.44
4.13
782.70
853.40
997.60
1074.70
1142.50
1125.10
807.00
818.80
55.20
66.20
Time:
Max
65.00
12.01
17.00
7.79
30.00
111.60
1760.00
1733.00
5.09
591.00
647.00
779.00
62700
745.00
300.00
302.00
525.00
447.50
8362.00
965.10
3810.00
062
77.36
50.82
59.44
49.00
129.00
42.70
3.64
0 12
0.03
11.31
12.59
4.88
5.36
13.30
13.40
73.50
22.10
4.44
4.13
795.60
877.50
997.60
1102.00
1220.70
1255.80
839.90
859.90
62.40
71.50
12:07:50
STDV
0.89
0.00
0.00
0.01
1.00
0.56
8.99
5.78
0.04
0.89
1.63
1.02
0.76
1.25
0.00
1 49
367
2.29
54.02
000
15.78
0.00
003
043
0.03
000
068
0.17
000
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.49
0.26
0.00
0.00
1.59
4.49
0.00
5.62
19.36
27.04
13.91
14.72
3.24
2.63
Variance
1.42
0.00
0.00
0.19
3.42
051
0.52
0.34
0.71
0.15
0.25
0.13
0.12
0 17
0.00
0.50
071
0.52
0.65
0.00
0.42
0.00
004
087
0.05
0.00
0.54
0 39
000
000
0.00
0.00
000
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.67
1.20
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.51
0.00
0.51
1.64
2.30
1.71
1.78
5.36
3.84
-------
Colorado State Universitv: Enaines and Enerav Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Baseline 440 bhp 7.75/2.75
Data Point Number: 033199-baseline
Description
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor. Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor. Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
.4btdc pec
Date:
Average
16.60
7722.99
9091.60
12140
12568
108.77
119.00
155.00
164.01
142.13
154.96
26.59
0.14
023
11 13
12.27
5.02
5,19
504.67
49606
49670
498.49
2346
20.56
24.52
27.76
18.03
1851
18.19
1897
1.32
1.35
1.30
1.70
299.62
272.86
303.68
28538
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.20
0.75
1.52
1.06
42.25
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
24.90
120.00
25.00
12000
03/31/99
Win
16.53
7677.00
9030.00
121.00
124.00
107.00
119.00
155.00
164.00
141.00
153.00
23.00
0.14
0.23
11.13
12.27
5.02
5.19
500.30
490.20
490.30
492.80
1859
15.55
20.99
21.05
17.72
18.22
17.93
18.60
1.13
1.02
1.06
1 44
29910
272.40
303.20
284.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.62
1 37
0.91
42.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
24.90
120.00
25.00
120.00
Time:
Max
16.65
7762.00
9200.00
123.00
127.00
109.00
119.00
155.00
166.00
144.00
157.00
29.00
0.14
0.23
11 13
12.27
5.02
5.19
510.90
500.00
499.80
503.00
30.73
30.29
28.33
35.28
18.42
18.94
18.79
19.35
1.73
2.08
1.58
2.14
300.10
273.20
304.00
285.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.46
1.09
1.75
1.30
42.60
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
24.90
120.00
25.00
120.00
12:07:50
STDV
0.02
15.69
61.07
0.80
0.58
0.64
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.57
0.32
1.50
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.19
2.98
3.02
2.50
3.24
4.47
2.17
4.00
0.17
0.24
0.27
0.23
0.19
0.29
0.19
0.22
0.31
0.27
0.28
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.13
0.11
0.12
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Variance
0.13
0.20
0.67
0.66
0.46
0.58
0.00
000
0.07
0.40
0.21
5.63
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
000
0.00
063
0.60
0.61
0.50
13.81
21.74
8.86
1441
0.96
1.30
1.47
1.19
14.17
21.11
14.52
13.12
0.10
0.10
009
0 10
#DIWO!
#DlV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
12.53
17.36
7.28
11.03
0.27
000
000
000
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Baseline - 440BHP 300RPM 7.75/2.75
Data Point Number: 040199-Baseline
Description Average
0.4BTDC PCC A/F42.4 CAT599/590
Date: 04/01/99 Time: 15:34:52
Min Max STDV Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/lbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVGERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B S CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B S. NOx (g/bhp-hr)- Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
C02 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
39.74
12.03
56.63
7.74
29.56
0.01532
110.30
1767.66
1652.75
4.97
590.98
636.64
787.87
631.75
745.59
299.00
299.41
519.49
442.74
8462.64
982.20
3814.88
0.64
6001
5027
5958
51.00
114.19
4240
374
0.50
000
11.26
12.63
5.35
5.43
13.60
13.70
79.94
25.81
4.09
4.10
789.84
878.70
995.80
1098.01
1178.89
1189.51
831 .46
877.46
31.40
35.49
38.00
12.03
55.00
7.73
29.00
108.10
1748.00
1633.00
4.94
589.00
634.00
786.00
629.00
741 00
299.00
297.00
518.00
43840
8349.00
982.20
3782.00
0.64
59.87
49.35
59.50
51.00
113.00
42.29
3.74
0.50
0.00
11.26
12.63
5.35
5.43
1360
1370
78.90
24.00
4.09
4.10
788.30
867.20
995.80
1083.80
1149.40
1140.10
807.00
872.80
31.40
31.70
42.00
12.03
57.00
111
31.00
112.30
1791.00
1670.00
5.00
591.00
640.00
790.00
635.00
749.00
299.00
30200
52500
447.40
8575.00
982.20
3848 00
0.64
60.18
51.11
59.65
51.00
11500
43.00
3.74
0.50
0.00
11.26
12.63
5.35
5.43
13.60
13.70
81 40
28.80
4.09
4.10
794.70
884.80
995.80
1100.80
1228.30
1286.50
869.70
891.90
31.40
37.30
0.81
0.00
0.78
0.01
0.90
0.77
8.14
6.65
0.01
0.20
1.80
1.50
1.33
1 96
0.00
1.52
2.55
2.18
52.13
0.00
13.93
0.00
0.08
0.38
0.03
0.00
0.98
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.74
0.75
0.00
0.00
2.74
3.55
0.00
4.53
14.56
22.13
29.84
8.21
0.00
2.62
2.03
0.00
1 37
0.12
3.04
0.70
0.46
0.40
0.29
0.03
028
0.19
0.21
0.26
000
0.51
0.49
0.49
0.62
0.00
0.37
000
0.13
0.75
0.05
0.00
0.86
0.12
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.93
2.90
0.00
0.00
0.35
0.40
0.00
0.41
1.24
1 86
3.59
0.94
0.00
7.39
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Baseline - 440BHP 300RPM 7.75/2.75
Data Point Number: 040199-Baseline
Description Average
0.4BTDC PCC A/F42.4 CAT599/590
Date: 04/01/99 Time: 15:34.52
Win Max STDV Variance
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor. Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor. Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
1664
7750.63
9098.40
114.49
119.97
89.41
102.76
155.02
164.89
142.00
154.46
3247
0 18
0.01
11.77
12.78
537
5.55
49834
49559
49762
492 12
23.28
21.18
22.32
2621
1832
18.82
18.36
1947
1.33
1.46
1.30
1.77
303.11
276.86
307.48
289.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.04
0.80
1.49
1.03
45.70
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.59
7721.00
9060.00
113.00
118.00
88.00
101.00
155.00
163.00
142.00
154.00
30.00
0.18
0.01
11.77
12.78
5.37
5.55
495.10
492.80
494.90
487.80
18.21
16.02
19.60
20.67
18.13
18.62
17.95
19.20
1.09
1.27
1.10
1.58
302.50
276.50
306.90
288.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.90
0.63
1.20
0.91
45.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.68
7779.00
9200.00
115.00
12000
91.00
103.00
157.00
165.00
142.00
156.00
35.00
0.18
0.01
11.77
12.78
5.37
5.55
501.60
49840
503 10
497.00
28.22
28.42
28.40
35.80
18.64
19.27
18.75
19.86
1.58
1.74
1.46
2.69
303.40
277.00
307.80
289.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.29
1.02
1.70
1.49
46.60
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.01
9.71
50.91
0.87
0.23
0.64
065
0.20
0.46
0.00
0.84
1.23
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
1.67
1.93
1.88
261
3.43
3.82
2.32
3.33
0.15
0.20
0.23
0.23
0.16
0.15
0.10
0.17
0.29
0.20
0.28
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.10
0.14
0.09
0.47
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.13
0.56
076
0.19
0.72
0.63
0.13
0.28
0.00
055
3.79
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.34
0.39
0.38
0.53
14.74
1805
10.37
12.72
0.83
1.04
1.23
1.17
11.93
10.47
7.59
9.76
0.10
0.07
0.09
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.39
13.05
9.32
8.67
1.03
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Baseline - 440BHP 300RPM 0.4BTDC 7.75/2.75 PCC CAT587/580
Data Point Number: 040299-Baseline Date: 04/02/99 Time:
Description Average Win Max STDV
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (Ib^/ib*)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr). Post-Catalyst
B.S THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
29.04
12.02
65.00
775
29.00
0.01481
109.81
1801.47
1681.32
499
586.91
634.55
763.63
63786
730.06
300.15
300.44
519.90
44232
8129.10
928.50
3872.92
0.60
67.59
49.75
59.61
51.49
120.58
42.55
3.86
0.51
0.00
11.48
11 72
5.20
5 11
1360
13.70
73.03
30.64
4.03
4.02
792.87
792.89
985.64
987.66
1148.56
1178.89
870.01
852.14
38.44
3643
27.00
12.02
. 65.00
7.73
29.00
107.90
1778.00
1663.00
495
584.00
631.00
75900
635.00
72700
299.00
297.00
51500
437.50
8028.00
928.50
3839.00
0.60
67.34
48.69
59.56
50.00
119.00
4240
3.86
0.51
0.00
11 48
11 36
5.20
5 11
13.60
13.70
72.10
30.20
4.03
4.02
777.00
764.00
966.80
950.80
1097.20
1111.40
855.10
841.70
38.00
35.90
31.00
12.02
65.00
7.79
29.00
112.30
1819.00
1700.00
5.02
588.00
637.00
768.00
642.00
733.00
301.00
304.00
52300
447.60
8237.00
928.50
3910.00
0.60
67.89
50.83
59.67
52.00
121.00
43.00
386
0.51
0.00
11.48
11.91
5.20
5.11
1360
1370
73.70
31.10
4.03
4.02
815.40
813.40
1015.00
1014.00
1190.70
1238.70
949.80
861.80
39.20
41.30
0.90
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.64
7.89
6.90
0.02
1.01
1.59
2.13
2.01
1.70
0.99
1.79
355
2.42
46.30
000
17.09
0.00
0.16
0.44
0.02
0.87
082
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.25
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.62
0.28
0.00
0.00
9.20
11.47
11.37
14.49
20.14
27.44
33.13
9.49
0.58
1.34
23:15:55
Variance
3.11
0.00
0.00
022
0.00
0.58
0.44
0.41
0.34
0.17
0.25
0.28
0.31
0.23
0.33
0.60
0.68
0.55
0.57
0.00
044
0.00
0.23
0.88
004
1.69
0.68
0.59
0.00
000
. 0.00
0.00
2.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.85
0.90
0.00
0.00
1.16
1.45
1.15
1.47
1.75
2.33
3.81
1.11
1.51
3.67
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Baseline - 440BHP 300RPM 0.4BTDC 7.75/2.75 PCC CAT587/580
Data Point Number: 040299-Baseline
Description
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor. Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
Average
16.60
7724.20
9075.17
112.00
117.03
81.91
94.00
155.05
164.00
142.06
154.99
30.78
0.50
0.00
11.27
11.14
4.91
4.89
49870
484.06
507.82
48345
23.68
19.13
25.06
26.85
18.51
19.07
18.30
1952
1.20
1.28
1.35
1.94
302.69
275.51
306.77
288.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.30
0.67
1.61
1.07
50.98
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
Date:
Min
16.55
7687.00
9000.00
112.00
117.00
80.00
94.00
155.00
164.00
142.00
153.00
2900
0.50
0.00
11.01
11.10
491
4.90
493.70
480.70
502.00
477.20
17.08
16.50
20.70
20.20
18.20
18.64
17.93
19.06
0.92
1.05
1.02
1.34
302.20
27480
305.80
287.50
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.10
0.53
1.21
0.78
43.30
2500
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
04/02/99
Max
16.65
7759.00
9130.00
112.00
119.00
83.00
94.00
157.00
164.00
144.00
155.00
34.00
0.50
0.00
11.53
11.69
491
4.90
501.90
487.80
512.00
490.70
2803
24.16
32.16
37.31
18.94
19.47
18.77
19.99
1.50
1.61
1.72
3.59
303.40
276.40
307.70
289.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.72
0.81
1.96
2.02
71.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
Time:
STDV
0.02
12.62
49.05
0.00
0.23
0.56
0.00
0.30
0.00
0.34
0 16
1.46
0.00
000
0.26
0.15
000
0.00
2.73
2.27
3 17
4.10
2.76
2.47
3.48
4.97
0.18
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.63
0.48
061
0.52
0.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.19
0.10
0.19
0.34
9.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
23:15:55
Variance
0.11
0.16
0.54
0.00
0.20
0.68
0.00
0.20
0.00
0.24
0.11
4.75
0.00
0.00
2.32
1.33
0.00
0.00
055
0.47
0.62
0.85
11.63
12.94
1387
18.49
0.97
1.26
1.35
1.34
12.37
13.57
13.87
32.54
0 16
022
0 17
0.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
14.32
14.33
11.67
31.86
18.24
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX C
QC CHECK
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
Colorado State Universitv: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 1a - 440BHP 300RPM
Data Point Number: 033199-QCcheck-Runla
Description
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (Ibw/lb*)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE f'H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE fH2O)
B.S CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S NOx (g/bhp-hr)- Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S THC (g/bhp-hr)- Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
C02 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
1.8BTDC13.
Average
66.39
12.01
11.81
13.26
31.91
0.01457
111.39
2018.57
1990.00
10.20
556.53
588.40
716.50
599.69
674.45
300.00
299.52
528.62
440.93
8037.38
964.90
3672.83
0.62
7935
47.22
5939
46.59
127.97
4952
4.16
0.71
0.03
1.79
1.95
4.82
5.22
1460
14.70
88.32
26.85
3.57
3.43
106.43
110.00
112.34
116.06
956.99
975.10
736.07
682.14
51.19
58.42
.28/3.04 PCC
Date:
Min
65.00
12.01
11.00
13.20
30.00
109.50
2001.00
197400
10.10
555.00
583.00
715.00
59700
673.00
300.00
297.00
528.00
436.30
7928.00
964.90
3631.00
0.62
79.16
46.41
59.31
45.00
126.00
48.90
4.16
0.71
0.03
1.79
1.95
4.82
5.22
14.60
14.70
86.80
26.00
3.57
3.43
102.50
102.10
108.40
107.50
931.40
930.60
682.70
675.10
48.20
57.20
CAT56CV554
03/31/99
Max
68.00
12.01
13.00
13.31
34.00
113.20
2038.00
2004.00
10.29
559.00
591 00
721.00
603.00
677.00
300.00
302.00
530.00
446.80
8157.00
964.90
3708.00
0.62
7951
48.26
59.46
47.00
130.00
4979
4.16
0.71
003
1.79
1.95
4.82
5.22
14.60
14.70
9000
27.80
3.57
343
111.20
122.40
117.40
128.90
980.20
1007.20
744.80
736.70
56.90
59.90
Time:
STDV
0.75
0.00
0.98
0.02
0.82
0.66
7.65
576
0.04
0.56
1 30
1.54
1 20
0.91
000
1.52
0.93
2.39
49.22
0.00
14.83
0.00
0.09
0.38
0.03
0.81
0.40
034
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.81
0.40
0.00
0.00
2.72
3.88
2.74
4.06
10.83
15.27
21.57
16.75
4.14
1.35
13:19:42
Variance
1.13
0.00
8.33
0.12
2.57
0.59
0.38
0.29
0.41
010
022
0.22
020
0.14
0.00
051
0.18
0.54
0.61
0.00
0.40
0.00
012
0.81
0.06
1.73
0.32
0.69
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.92
1 49
0.00
0.00
2.55
353
2.44
3.50
1.13
1.57
2.93
2.46
8.08
2.30
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 1a - 440BHP 300RPM
Data Point Number: 033199-QCcheck-Runla
Description
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor- Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor- Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor. Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
1.8BTDC
Average
16.59
7719.82
9264.37
125.00
130.95
111 88
122.29
155.99
16496
141.19
152.99
2910
0.72
0.23
1.80
1.89
481
503
49932
506.59
509.22
515.63
28.49
24.87
31.51
22.40
1961
19.00
1978
1860
1.65
1 40
1.71
1.37
351.00
319.62
356.56
332.97
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.36
0.79
1.61
0.88
40.81
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
1 3.28/3.04 PCC
Date:
Min
16.55
7688.00
9250.00
125.00
130.00
111 00
122.00
154.00
16300
140.00
151 00
28.00
0.72
0.23
1.80
1 89
4.81
5.03
492.50
504.60
504.70
511.30
21.93
20.83
26.71
18.71
19.43
18.86
19.43
18.32
1.39
1 14
1.43
1.04
350.90
319.60
356.30
332.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.10
0.64
1.41
0.76
40.70
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
CAT560/554
03/31/99
Max
16.66
7766.00
9290.00
125.00
132.00
114.00
124.00
156.00
165.00
143.00
153.00
32.00
0.72
023
1.80
1 89
4.81
5.03
503.20
509.70
516.10
519.50
32.94
31.44
3991
31.13
19.86
19.17
20.09
18.89
1.89
1.65
2.00
1.84
351.40
319.80
356.80
333.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.55
0.94
1.78
1.00
40.90
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
Time:
STDV
0.02
15.36
13.93
0.00
1.00
072
0.71
0.16
028
0.61
012
'1.27
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
2.83
1.81
3.35
267
3.29
3.27
3.28
3.78
0.12
0.10
0.17
0.16
0.12
0 16
0.19
0.25
011
0.06
0.14
0.10
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.09
0.13
0.08
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
13:19-42
Variance
0.13
0.20
0.15
0.00
0.76
064
0.58
0.10
0.17
0.43
008
4.37
0.00
000
0.00
000
000
000
057
0.36
0.66
052
11.56
13.14
10.41
1689
0.61
0.54
085
0.87
7.51
11.21
10.84
1800
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.03
000
000
0.00
0.00
9.81
11.42
8.17
944
0.24
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Enaines and Enerav Conversion Laboratorv
Test Description: Run2-7 - 300BHP 300RPM 7.75/2.75 4.4BTDC PCC
Data Point Number: 0401 99-QCcheck-Run2-7 Date:
Description Average Min
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/lbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVGERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S THC (g/bhp-hr)- Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%) Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm). Post-Catalyst
41.26
12.03
47.83
7.74
28.80
0.01435
108.98
1826.38
1709.82
4.99
481.71
504.23
623.72
531.99
57490
299.00
299.45
38502
301.66
9080.53
96490
2838.63
062
59.98
26.56
60.63
30.41
112.84
58.48
3.19
2.25
075
0.33
0.00
11.75
12.57
15.80
1580
226.30
68.81
2.93
2.83
8.10
8.08
700
6.98
1777.40
1819.60
1321.55
1157.45
110.84
104.56
39.00
12.03
47.00
7.72
27.00
107.20
1805.00
1690.00
4.87
481.00
502.00
622.00
529.00
572.00
299.00
296.00
383.00
296.90
8746.00
964.90
2758.00
0.62
5986
2523
60.51
30.00
111 00
58.10
3.19
2.25
0.75
0.33
0.00
11.08
11.74
15.80
15.80
222.40
64.30
2.93
2.83
8.10
7.30
7.00
6.30
1712.60
1736.50
1302.80
1123.90
110.70
94.00
A/F58 CAT482/480
04/01/99 Time:
Max STDV
43.00
12.03
49.00
7.75
29.00
110.20
1850.00
1732.00
5.04
483.00
506.00
626.00
535.00
578.00
29900
303.00
391 .00
305.50
9619.00
96490
2991.00
062
6012
2961
60.70
33.00
11300
59.50
3.19
2.25
0.75
0.33
0.00
12.38
13.88
15.80
15.80
230.80
71.00
2.93
2.83
8.10
10.20
7.00
8.70
1889.80
2036.20
1335.30
1202.80
112.10
106.20
0.94
0.00
0.99
0.01
0.60
059
8.61
6.51
002
0.96
0.90
1.01
1.25
1.45
0.00
1.47
303
1.55
111.10
0.00
31.30
000
004
0.58
0.03
0.57
0.54
037
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.37
052
0.00
0.00
2.16
1.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.46
0.00
0.38
40.37
57.25
16.08
38.27
043
3.41
13:19:47
Variance
2.28
0.00
206
0 19
2.09
0.54
0.47
038
0.31
020
0.18
0.16
024
0.25
000
0.49
079
052
1.22
0.00
1 10
0.00
007
2 19
0.04
1.87
048
0.63
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
315
4.14
0.00
0.00
0.95
1 71
0.00
000
000
5.65
0.00
541
2.27
3.15
1.22
3.31
0.39
3.26
-------
Colorado State Universitv: Engines and Enerav Conversion Laboratorv
Test Description: Run2-7 - 300BHP 300RPM 7.75/2.75 4.4BTDC PCC
Data Point Number. 040199-QCcheck-Run2-7 Date:
Description Average Min
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
13.03
5281.36
6756.77
107.83
114.31
77.70
89.01
157.15
164.01
14306
151.58
33.03
1.68
0.53
0.22
0.35
8.31
8.63
378.15
375.75
381.84
384.00
35.89
31.56
36.72
26.34
17.78
19.39
18.80
18.52
4.02
2.81
490
2.18
301.96
274.21
307.49
286.56
0.00
0.00
0.27
0.00
3.74
1.61
4.00
1.46
37.38
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
12.99
5258.00
6730.00
107.00
11300
77.00
89.00
157.00
16300
143.00
151.00
31.00
1.68
053
0.22
0.35
7.81
8.35
373.10
371.10
376.60
377.70
30.88
2483
28.26
20.60
17.17
18.85
17.72
18.10
2.08
1.82
3.23
1.44
301.40
273.80
307.10
286.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.10
0.94
2.37
1.28
37.10
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
A/F58 CAT482/480
04/01/99 Time:
Max STDV
13.07
5307.00
6860.00
110.00
116.00
79.00
91.00
159.00
166.00
145.00
15300
36.00
1.68
0.53
0.22
0.35
8.52
9.61
385.60
381.50
387.00
391.80
42.48
36.25
43.45
3987
18.49
1987
1979
18.80
5.24
3.67
6.69
4.16
302.30
274.40
307.70
286.70
0.00
0.00
1.35
0.00
5.01
2.74
8.31
1.90
38.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.01
10.22
48.57
0.60
0.85
0.96
0.16
0.52
0.24
0.34
0.91
1.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.24
032
3.62
3.29
3.20
3.24
3.11
3.88
4.85
5.18
0.39
0.27
0.65
0.21
1.14
0.74
0.98
0.77
0.28
0.21
0.21
0.16
0.00
0.00
0.54
0.00
0.55
0.45
2.17
0.13
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
13:19:47
Variance
0.11
0.19
0.72
0.56
0.75
1.23
0.18
0.33
0.15
0.24
060
4.21
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
2.88
3.68
0.96
0.88
084
0.84
8.67
12.31
13.19
1967
2.19
1 38
3.46
1.11
28.38
26.23
19.99
3555
0.09
0.08
0 07
0.06
0.00
0.00
198.27
0.00
14.65
27.77
54.17
9.01
0.26
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State Universitv: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratorv
Test Description: Run3 - 270BHP 270RPM
Data Point Number: 033199-QCcheck-Run3
Description
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/lbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVGERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr). Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
02 (%). Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm)' Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm). Post-Catalyst
6.8/2.5 3.9BTDC PCC A/F62
Date: 04/01/99
Average Min
40.42
12.03
52.03
6.80
28.37
0.01502
11003
1766.70
1625.44
4.30
450.33
459.44
580.11
48749
544.37
26900
269.42
34468
271.91
8922.25
96490
2513.80
062
61.30
2080
6087
24.16
117.01
6298
3.11
2.11
0.82
0.33
0.08
13.41
14 33
1600
16.60
199.90
72.44
2.62
2.15
8.80
8.74
7.00
6.91
1904.82
1965.79
1335.08
891.93
98.17
90.33
39.00
12.03
51.00
6.75
27.00
108.40
1744.00
1606.00
4.15
448.00
457.00
579.00
48600
543.00
26900
266.00
342.00
268.00
8603.00
964.90
2426.00
0.62
61.18
19.12
60.79
24.00
117.00
61.60
3.11
2.11
0.82
0.33
0.08
12.92
13.38
16.00
16.60
199.90
69.80
2.62
2.15
8.80
7.90
7.00
6.30
1854.60
1884.90
1302.80
891.90
86.90
90.00
CAT452/447
Time:
Max
43.00
12.03
53.00
6.83
29.00
111.80
1794.00
1640.00
4.35
452.00
461.00
582.00
488.00
547.00
269.00
273.00
349.00
276.00
9557.00
964.90
2653.00
0.62
61.47
22.60
60.95
26.00
119.00
63.10
3.11
2.11
0.82
0.33
0.08
14.26
15.18
16.00
16.60
199.90 -
75.50
2.62
2.15
8.80
10.40
7.00
8.20
1973.50
2097.70
1396.90
893.10
100.70
91.20
11:35:14
STDV
0.88
0.00
1.00
0.01
093
0.67
8.96
6.15
0.03
0.77
1.10
0.99
0.88
1.03
0.00
1.55
277
1.74
118.95
0.00
32.60
0.00
0.06
0.54
0.02
0.54
0.12
0.17
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.30
0.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.43
0.00
0.33
28.25
42.18
44.72
0.18
5.34
0.54
Variance
2.18
0.00
1.92
0.22
3.28
0.61
0.51
0.38
0.64
0.17
0.24
017
0.18
0.19
0.00
0.57
0.80
064
1.33
000
1 30
0.00
0.10
2.62
004
2.25
0.10
0.27
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.27
2.48
000
0.00
0.00
1.52
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.92
0.00
4.83
148
2.15
3.35
0.02
544
0.59
-------
Test Description: Run3 - 270BHP 270RPM
Data Point Number: 033199-QCcheck-Run3
Description
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Posl-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
6.8/2.5 3.9BTDC PCC A/F62
Date: 04/01/99
Average Min
13.04
5289.81
6714.53
103.96
11001
7574
85.31
157.87
164.08
144.98
152.87
29.08
1.11
0.58
0.22
0.35
8.58
9.01
388.58
382.84
379.10
391.96
37.97
27.33
41.49
26.00
17.37
18.69
18.45
17.92
2.60
1.72
3.96
1.71
290.23
264.51
294.38
27671
0.00
0.00
1.51
0.00
3.95
1.36
3.55
1.48
36.25
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
13.01
5256.00
6660.00
102.00
108.00
74.00
85.00
157.00
163.00
143.00
151.00
27.00
1 11
058
0.22
0.35
8.58
8.39
380.90
37690
372.30
387.40
29.39
23.91
34.99
19.17
16.54
18.24
16.96
17.40
1.55
1.36
1.83
1.35
289.80
264.00
293.90
276.10
0.00
0.00
1.51
0.00
3.06
1.07
2.64
1.03
36.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
2500
120.00
25.00
120.00
!»%.• uiwn i
CAT452/447
Time:
Max
13.07
5313.00
6800.00
104.00
112.00
77.00
87.00
159.00
166.00
145.00
153.00
32.00
1.11
0.58
0.22
0.35
8.58
943
39430
389.10
388.10
396.10
47.01
30.62
48.95
31.28
18.18
19.30
19.57
18.53
4.20 '
2.22
6.14
3.10
290.60
265.00
295.10
277.20
0.00
0.00
1.51
0.00
5.86
1.79
5.59
2.44
36.50
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
-HU»-.l CJI'
11:35:14
STDV
0.01
8.14
52.01
0.28
0.26
0.56
0.72
0.99
0.66
0.20
0.49
1.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.22
3.82
3.94
4.67
240
5.40
2.21
470
3.62
0.46
0.35
0.85
0.29
0.86
0.23
1.23
0.49
0.25
0.30
0.33
0.33
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.86
0.19
0.89
0.38
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SilJL
Variance
0.09
015
0.77
0.27
0.24
0.74
0.85
0.63
0.40
0.14
0.32
4.43
0.00
000
000
0.00
0.00
244
0.98
1.03
1 23
061
14.22
8.07
11.32
13.93
2.65
1 85
4.60
1.61
32.99
1335
3098
28.70
0.08
0.12
0.11
0.12
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
21.72
14.24
24.98
26.00
0.31
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State U rersity: Engines and Energy CoK rsion Laboratory
Test Description: Run4 QC check - 110%trq 270RPM 1.3BTDC 8/2.55
Data Point Number: 040299-Run4 qc check Date:
Description Average Min
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/lb/0
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
B S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
C02 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
33.73
12.04
57.80
8.01
29.00
0.01493
110.39
1788.48
1636.27
5.44
515.97
549.70
679.94
552.97
627.57
270.00
269.60
446.65
375.68
8276.33
947.90
3280.28
0.61
60.54
34.90
60.34
41.00
114.45
50.49
3.27
0.51
0.13
4.22
4.45
7.49
7.98
14.90
14.70
78.30
28.91
3.42
3.25
290.72
298.48
302.23
306.60
1472.86
1486.82
1143.99
1002.76
45.20
49.07
31.00
12.04
57.00
7.99
29.00
108.60
1767.00
1622.00
5.39
514.00
548.00
678.00
551.00
626.00
270.00
267.00
442.00
372.50
8120.00
947.90
3239.00
061
60.28
33.96
60.27
41.00
113.00
50.29
327
051
0.13
3.72
4 45
7.41
766
14.90
1470
78.10
28.60
3.42
3.25
285.70
286.10
297.30
293.40
1419.10
1400.30
1136.90
959.00
45.20
43.50
PCC CAT524/517
04/02/99 Time:
Max STDV
36.00
12.04
59.00
8.04
29.00
112.10
1810.00
1653.00
5.47
518.00
552.00
682.00
555.00
630.00
270.00
272.00
450.00
380.10
8442.00
947.90
3324.00
061
60.87
35.76
6040
41 00
116.00
51.29
3.27
0.51
0.13
4.23
4.45
8.03
8.34
14.90
14.70
78.60
29.20
3.42
3.25
294.90
315.10
306.40
324.50
1530.90
1577.60
1202.50
1057.40
45.20
5040
0.79
0.00
0.98
0.01
0.00
0.71
7.93
6.13
0.01
0.28
1.15
0.96
0.95
1.04
000
1.55
3.00
2.16
57.26
0.00
14.98
0.00
0.14
0.35
0.02
0.00
070
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.20
0.27
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.25
0.00
0.00
2.50
5.20
2.46
5.47
21.82
33.51
' 19.91
48.35
0.00
270
J
11:12:30
Variance
2.34
0.00
1.70
0.09
0.00
0.64
0.44
0.37
0.23
0.05
0.21
0.14
0.17
0.17
0.00
0.57
0.67
058
0.69
0.00
0.46
0.00
023
1.00
0.04
0.00
0.61
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.55
0.00
2.71
3.41
0.00
0.00
0.31
0.85
0.00
0.00
0.86
1.74
0.81
1.78
1.48
2.25
1.74
4.82
000
5.51
-------
Colorado State I/' /ersitv: Engines and Energy COE rsion Laboratory
Test Description: Run4 QC check - 110%trq 270RPM 1.3BTDC 8/2.55
Data Point Number: 040299-Run4 qc check Date:
Description Average Win
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor- Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor. Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor. Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.00
7313.75
8697.97
98.02
101.00
75.40
85.99
157.56
165.01
143.33
154.57
26.67
0.57
0.00
3.41
380
6.29
6.50
502.11
49855
504.23
498.64
22.66
18.08
26.50
19.11
17.26
17.13
17.39
17.20
1.15
1.10
1.39
1.16
305.52
279.34
309.73
293.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.58
0.70
1.61
0.78
38.96
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
15.97
7293.00
8620.00
98.00
101.00
74.00
84.00
156.00
165.00
143.00
153.00
24.00
0.57
0.00
3.42
3.80
6.15
6.50
49850
494.10
500.60
494.50
18.61
13.69
21.48
15.31
17.01
16.72
17.13
16.74
085
0.87
1.10
0.92
305.20
278.90
308.60
292.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.19
0.56
1.41
0.67
38.80
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
PCC CAT524/517
04/02/99 Time:
Max STDV
16.03
7329.00
8760.00
100.00
101.00
77.00
86.00
159.00
167.00
145.00
155.00
29.00
0.57
0.00
3.42
3.80
6.66
6.50
505.60
500.80
507.40
503.10
27.02
23.02
29.46
27.58
17.53
17.43
17.71
17.59
1.38
1.50
1.61
1.39
305.80
279.70
310.40
293.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.95
0.85
1.73
0.89
39.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.01
7.43
57.92
0.20
0.00
0.66
0.12
0.79
0.16
0.74
0.83
1.24
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
.0.23
0.00
2.06
2.04
2.24
2.76
281
2.73
2.41
3.43
0.16
0.19
0.16
0.28
0.17
017
0.18
0.17
0.25
0.27
0.46
0.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.08
0.10
0.07
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
11:12:30
Variance
0.06
0.10
0.67
0.20
0.00
088
0.13
0.50
0.10
0.52
0.53
4.65
000
0.00
000
0.00
3.65
0.00
041
0.41
0.44
0.55
12.40
15.09
9.10
17.95
0.94
1.12
0 94
1.65
14.48
15.34
13.27
14.46
0.08
0.10
0.15
0.12
0.00
0.00
Q.OO
0.00
12.62
12.11
6.03
8.33
0.20
000
000
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State Universitv: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 5 - 440BHP 300RPM 2.8BTDC 15.09/3.39 A/F54 CAT539/534 PCC
Data Point Number: 033199-QCcheck-Run5
Description
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY <%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE fHg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/ib/0
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B S NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
02 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%)• Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Average
67.69
12.01
11.00
15.08
35.35
0.01526
111 06
2167.41
2116.34
11.70
537.01
556.97
681.25
566.77
637.84
300.00
299.47
521.65
441.41
8001.33
964.90
3660.38
0.62
8281
47.23
5935
4505
129.66
54.01
461
0.78
000
0.91
0.99
5.65
6.28
15.10
15.20
113.86
37.22
3.51
3.39
41.69
46.09
40.26
44.77
1029.49
1070.77
808.26
880.38
57.70
87.16
Date:
Min
66.00
12.01
11.00
15.06
34.00
109.50
2138.00
2102.00
11.55
537.00
554.00
677.00
565.00
636.00
300.00
297.00
520.00
432 10
7878.00
964.90
3621.00
062
82.67
46.10
59.28
45.00
128.00
53.00
4.61
0.78
0.00
0.91
0.99
5.44
6.26
15.10
15.20
11260
35.40
3.51
3.39
40.40
42.90
39.20
41.70
1008.30
1036.70
807.00
879.20
57.70
85.60
03/31/99
Max
70.00
12.01
11.00
15.13
3600
112.80
2187.00
2131 00
11.82
539.00
560.00
684.00
569.00
640.00
300.00
302.00
530.00
446.50
8312.00
964.90
3725 00
0.62
8292
49.49
59.40
47.00
131.00
54.10
4.61
0.78
0.00
0.91
0.99
5.97
6.79
15.10
15.20
115.60
39.10
3.51
3.39
43.90
54.60
42.30
52.90
1107.10
1235.20
869 10
880.40
5770
68.30
Time:
STDV
0.87
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.94
0.60
9.37
5.10
004
016
1.17
1.14
0.91
1 05
0.00
1.55
2.82
2.50
54.95
0.00
15.53
0.00
005
0.42
003
0.32
0.78
012
000
000
0.00
0.00
000
0.26
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.78
0.56
0.00
0.00
0.91
1.78
0.87
1.72
17.12
25.69
6.15
0.14
000
1.34
15:39-00
Variance
1.29
0.00
000
0.10
2.66
0.54
0.43
024
0.33
0.03
0.21
0.17
0.16
0.16
000
0.52
0.54
0.57
0.69
0.00
0.42
000
0.06
088
004
0.72
060
0.23
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
000
4.54
1.43
0.00
0.00
068
1.50
000
0.00
2.19
386
2.16
385
1.66
2.40
076
0.02
0.00
1.53
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 5 - 440BHP 300RPM
Data Point Number: 033199-QCcheck-Run5
Description
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (tt-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (tt-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pro-Catalyst
CO F-Factor. Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor- Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
2.8BTDC 15.
Average
16.60
7724.71
9145.00
130.17
135.99
114.00
125.41
156.19
16494
141.96
152.06
28.69
078
0.23
0.90
095
5.68
6.02
510.02
515.94
505.38
530.29
33.19
27.83
3523
27.18
18.92
18.34
1945
17.80
221
1.51
2.25
1 42
370 17
335.87
375.46
350.16
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.72
0.88
2.31
1.02
40.49
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
09/3.39A/F54
Date:
Min
16.52
7673.00
9130.00
130.00
134.00
11400
124.00
156.00
16300
140.00
152.00
27.00
0.78
0.23
0.90
095
5.34
5.99
50270
509.50
497.20
528.20
2920
20.49
26.51
21.45
18.46
18.06
18.87
1764
1 50
1.25
1.43
1 25
369.20
335.20
37470
34950
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.49
078
1.87
0.80
40.30
25.00
120.00
25.00
12000
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
CAT539/534
03/31/99
Max
16.67
7774.00
9280.00
132.00
136.00
114.00
127.00
158.00
165.00
14300
154.00
32.00
0.78
023
090
0.95
5.93
6.52
516.50
521.10
516.50
532.00
' 4080
36.52
46.18
31 57
19.64
18,62
1985
18.06
3.89
1.78
4.09
1 60
370.60
336.10
37580
350.30
1.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.89
0.99
3.10
1.19
41.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
PCC
Time:
STDV
0.02
16.94
45.08
0.55
0.16
0.00
0.61
059
0.34
0.48
0.34
1.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.29
0.09
4.84
3.01
500
1.41
3.79
4.75
4.40
328
0.33
0.18
0.26
0.14
077
0.16
0.86
0.11
0.40
0.26
026
0.22
0.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.73
0.06
0.35
0.12
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
15:39:00
Variance
0.14
0.22
0.49
043
0.12
000
0.49
0.38
0.21
0.34
022
4.26
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
5.15
1.47
095
0.58
099
027
11.41
1708
12.50
1208
1.76
0.97
1.36
0.78
3475
10.28
36.27
7.69
0.11
008
007
0.06
300.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
10031
6.53
15.10
11.81
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and
Test Description: Run 5 - 440BHP 300RPM 1 .8BTDC 12.
Data Point Number: 033199-QCcheck-Run6 Date:
Description Average
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg>
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/lbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVGERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B S THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
65.38
12.01
13.00
12.01
28.77
0.01326
110.62
1845.88
1825.79
9.31
566.67
618.14
741.61
614.44
702.93
300.00
299.49
517.50
441 41
7968.41
964.90
3645 07
0.62
83.79
4695
59.31
45.25
134.12
45.61
3.60
0.63
0.00
2.71
2.70
4.23
4.55
14.40
14.20
82.58
28.70
3.88
3.68
209.73
204.18
232.22
233.71
929.06
952.13
717.91
669.17
54.78
56.93
Energy Conversion
01/2.7 A/F54 CAT574/567
03/31/99 Time:
Min Max
63.00
12.01
13.00
11.97
28.00
107.90
1822.00
1782.00
9.21
* 566.00
615.00
738.00
612.00
700.00
300.00
297.00
515.00
436.40
7833 00
964.90
3609.00
0.62
83.71
4599
5919
45.00
134.00
45.29
3.60
0.63
0.00
2.71
2.70
423
4.55
14.40
14.20
81.40
28.00
3.88
3.68
199.20
187.70
220.90
214.10
902.10
913.90
662.00
660.60
53.80
55.90
67.00
12.01
13.00
12.04
30.00
113.00
1874.00
1848.00
937
56800
619.00
744.00
617.00
706.00
300.00
302.00
526.00
446.60
8074.00
964.90
3685.00
0.62
8389
48.07
59.38
47.00
136.00
46.10
3.60
063
000
2.71
2.70
423
4.55
14.40
14.20
83.40
29.00
3.88
3.68
215.00
219.60
238.50
252.10
946.00
984.60
757.00
681.10
54.90
57.20
i Laborat<
17:41:52
STDV
0.80
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.98
0.76
8.78
14.30
0.03
0.94
1.06
1.66
1.50
1.28
0.00
1.50
3.01
2.40
49.39
0.00
14.69
0.00
0.04
0.39
0.04
0.67
0.48
032
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.68
0.30
0.00
0.00
3.83
6.87
4.66
8.23
9.91
15.34
46.26
10.02
0.34
0.53
ajy
Variance
1.22
0.00
0.00
0 12
3.39
0.69
0.48
0.78
0.37
0.17
0.17
0.22
0.24
0.18
000
0.50
0.58
0.54
062
0.00
0.40
000
0.05
0.84
007
1 47
0.35
0.70
000
0.00
000
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.82
1 03
0.00
0.00
1.83
3.36
2.01
3.52
1.07
1.61
6.44
1.50
0.63
0.93
-------
Colorado State Universitv: Enaines and Enerav Conversion Laboratorv
Test Description: Run 5 - 440BHP 300RPM 1 .8BTDC 12.01/2.7 A/F54 CAT574/567
Data Point Number: 033199-QCcheck-Run6 Date: 03/31/99 Time:
Description Average Min Max
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor. Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.60
7729.37
9071.40
132.05
139.59
114.00
124.11
156.73
165.90
142.21
154.02
28.73
028
0.23
2.84
2.61
4.41
4.38
526.05
511.07
524.78
518.13
2425
21.25
29.49
21.41
17.81
17.95
18.06
17.73
1.33
1.29
1.55
1.19
340.86
310.44
346.10
323.62
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.98
0.64
1.51
0.88
40.68
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.55
7691.00
9030.00
132.00
138.00
114.00
124.00
15600
164.00
14000
154.00
27.00
0.28
0.23
2.84
261
4.41
4.38
519.20
50330
519.90
515.40
19.74
14.95
23.79
17.28
1743
17.72
17.78
17.50
1.09
1.04
1.14
1.01
340.10
309.90
345.20
323.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.79
0.48
1.37
0.74
40.50
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.66
7767.00
9220.00
134.00
140.00
114.00
126.00
158.00
166.00
144.00
156.00
32.00
0.28
0.23
2.84
2.61
4.41
4.38
532.40
515.60
532.80
521.00
29.47
26.83
33.81
25.48
18.49
18.25
18.36
18.06
1.50
1.49
1.90
1.50
341.10
310.60
346.80
323.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.17
0.83
1.73
1.06
40.90
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
17:41:52
STDV
0.02
15.94
48.04
0.32
0.81
0.00
0.45
0.97
0.44
0.87
0.20
1.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.98
3.42
4.14
1.71
2.46
3.42
3.01
2.64
0.20
0.14
0.18
0.17
0.15
0.15
0.20
0.09
0.37
025
0.35
0.24
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
Variance
0.14
0.21
0.53
0.24
0.58
0.00
0.36
0.62
0.26
0.61
0.13
5.06
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
076
0.67
0.79
0.33
10.14
16.07
10.20
12.31
1.11
0.79
1.02
0.93
11.55
11.60
13.02
7.17
0.11
0.08
0.10
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.79
15.30
6.88
9.69
0.18
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Test Description: Run8 - 380BHP 270RPM 12.87/2.81 2.6BTDC PCC A/F55 CAT503/498
Data Point Number: 0331 99-QCcheck-Run8 Date: 03/31/99 Time: 23:10:01
Description Average Win Max STDV
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE (HHg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/lbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVGERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr)- Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B S NOx (g/bhp-hr). Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S. THC (g/bhp-hr). Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%). Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm)' Post-Catalyst
50.42
12.01
43.00
12.67
33.80
0.01521
110.50
1968.45
1884.55
10.06
499.01
517.75
641.85
531.89
606.33
270.00
269.43
447.31
37832
8002.17
964.90
3137.18
062
7844
33.99
6000
35.15
130.75
54.90
3.68
1.45
0.56
000
0.50
6.96
7.65
15.60
15.40
118.16
39.81
3.26
2.96
34.47
37.47
30.75
34.45
1303.48
1297.87
919.93
82942
71.41
84.33
49.00
12.01
43.00
12.83
32.00
108.40
1941.00
1873.00
9.95
499.00
516.00
640.00
531.00
602.00
270.00
267.00
444.00
37410
7854.00
964.90
3094.00
062
7830
33.14
59.95
35.00
129.00
54.70
3.68
1.45
0.56
0.00
0.50
6.91
7.18
15.60
1540
116.70
38.20
3.26
2.96
33.70
34.80
30.40
32.00
1267.10
1239.10
904.50
787.40
71.20
75.90
52.00
12.01
43.00
12.91
34.00
112.80
2001.00
1897.00
10.14
501.00
520.00
644.00
533.00
608.00
270.00
272.00
452.00
382.70
8141.00
964.90
3184.00
0.62
78.60
35.11
60.07
37.00
131.00
55.79
3.68
1.45
0.56
0.00
0.50
7.41
7.77
15.60
15.40
120.50
41.40
3.26
2.96
35.20
41.20
31.40
37.80
1331.80
1357.10
967.90
903.40
72.10
87.40
0.92
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.60
0.77
9.18
4.86
0.04
0.16
0.92
1.17
1.00
1.46
0.00
1.53
3.44
2.26
61.71
0.00
15.63
0.00
006
0.34
0.02
0.52
0.66
0.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.16
0.00
0.00
1.02
0.61
0.00
0.00
0.53
1.08
0.48
0.97
14.99
23.85
27.25
55.58
0.38
5.09
i-i-f-
Variance
1.83
0.00
0.00
0.13
1.78
0.69
0.47
0.26
0.39
0.03
0.18
0.18
019
0.24
0.00
0.57
0.77
060
0.77
0.00
0.50
000
0.08
1.01
0.04
1.49
0.50
0.59
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.22
2.14
0.00
0.00
0.87
1.54
0.00
000
1.55
2.88
1.55
2.83
1.15
1.84
2.96
6.70
0.53
6.04
-------
Test Description: RunS - 380BHP 270RPM 12.87/2.81 2.6BTDC PCC A/F55 CAT503/498
Data Point Number: 033199-QCcheck-Run8 Date: 03/31/99 Time: 23:10:01
Description Average Min Max STDV
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.07
7360.77
8717.57
125.09
130.39
93.33
103 17
15762
165.01
143.92
153.87
25.25
1.41
0.23
0.05
033
640
6 19
497.80
493.89
50375
51622
31.68
25.29
33.52
22.83
18.20
17.94
18.43
17.11
1.58
1.52
1.70
1.21
347.81
316.83
351.14
332.66
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.86
0.88
1.86
0.90
38.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120,00
25.00
120.00
16.04
7340.00
8660.00
125.00
129.00
93.00
103.00
156.00
165.00
142.00
153.00
23.00
1.41
0.23
0.06
0.33
6.34
619
492.80
489.30
499.10
513.90
24.39
20.82
25.93
18.44
17.95
17.36
17.98
16.84
1.44
1.10
1.23
1.03
347.40
316.40
350.70
332.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.56
0.75
1.39
0.80
38.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.10
7381.00
8810.00
127.00
131.00
95.00
105.00
160.00
167.00
146.00
155.00
28.00
1.41
0.23
0.06
0.33
6.86
6.19
504.90
49980
511.90
522.00
35.50
31.35
42.41
28.84
18.55
18.27
18.92
17.42
1.89
2.02
1.94
1.32
348.20
317.20
351.80
333.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.20
1.07
2.28
1.06
38.20
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.01
7.99
59.85
0.42
0.92
0.74
0.56
0.53
0.12
0.67
0.99
1.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.17
0.00
3 16
2.71
4 14
2.23
2.66
3.07
5.34
2.79
0 17
0.24
0.28
0.19
0.15
0.22
0.23
008
0.27
0.28
0.31
0.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.21
0.09
0.27
0.09
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
f-i-t-
Variance
0.07
0.11
0.69
0.34
0,71
0,79
0.55
0.34
0.07
0.47
0.65
4.38
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
2.69
0.00
0.64
0.55
0.82
0.43
8.38
12.16
15.92
12.24
0.96
1.31
1.50
1.10
9.24
14.51
1350
6.60
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
11.49
9.99
14.76
9.65
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Test Description: RunSa - 380BHP 270RPM 2.6BTDC 12.
Data Point Number: 040299-QCcheck-Run8a
Description Average
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (ItWItv)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
B S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%)• Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
C02 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
33.46
12.04
54.88
12.87
32.59
0.01473
110.74
2052 62
1862.90
10.06
502.01
520.00
641.54
532.67
600.84
270.00
269.39
451.37
37740
8126.37
928.50
3303.49
0.60
64.45
35.50
60.33
42.00
119.00
57.23
4.07
1.16
0.00
0.00
0.50
8.04
8.49
15.40
15.50
116.65
44.78
2.99
2.92
28.75
33.10
26.70
29.90
1378.25
1421.10
1089.59
1018.30
41.99
45.50
.87/2.81 PCC
Date:
Win
32.00
12.04
53.00
12.85
31.00
10840
2023.00
1844.00
10.00
502.00
518.00
640.00
52900
598.00
270.00
267.00
448.00
372.80
7967.00
928.50
3252.00
060
64.22
34.48
60.24
42.00
119.00
57.10
4.07
1.16
0.00
000
0.50
8.04
8.24
15.40
15.50
114.70
42.40
2.99
2.92
27.40
30.50
25.80
27.60
1315.90
1334.70
1073.70
1018.30
34.60
45.50
A/F55 CAT505/500
04/02/99 Time:
Max STDV
35.00
12.04
55.00
12.92
33.00
112.50
2087.00
1882.00
10.11
504.00
522.00
644.00
537.00
602.00
270.00
272.00
455.00
382.20
8350.00
928.50
3354.00
0.60
64.66
36.48
60.40
42.00
119.00
57.29
4.07
1.16
0.00
0.00
0.50
8.04
9.02
15.40
15.50
118.90
46.50
2.99
2.92
30.70
35.70
28.40
32.30
1428.90
1508.00
1138.10
1018.30
44.90
45.50
0.78
0.00
Q.48
0.02
0.81
0.70
10.81
6.88
0.02
0.12
1.20
0.92
1.66
1.21
0.00
1.63
3.42
2.42
68.58
0.00
17.76
0.00
011
0.38
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.24
000
0.00
1.16
0.74
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.08
0.85
0.99
26.09
35.77
26.44
0.00
4.64
000
'-i-j-
16:10:40
Variance
2.32
0.00
0.87
013
2.49
0.63
0.53
0.37
0.19
0.02
0.23
0.14
0.31
0.20
0.00
0.61
0.76
0.64
0.84
000
0.54
0.00
0.17
1.08
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.09
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
286
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.65
0.00
0.00
3.47
3.26
320
3.32
1.89
2.52
2.43
0.00
11.05
0.00
-------
Test Description: RunSa - 380BHP 270RPM 2.6BTDC 12.87/2.81 PCC
Data Point Number: 040299-QCcheck-RunSa Date:
Description Average Win
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.04
7341.33
8791.23
107.00
114.69
79.90
89.95
157.99
164.85
142.83
152.04
29.14
0.95
0.00
0.00
000
6.49
6.83
481.62
492.19
486.56
497.36
38.09
24.90
37.70
24.18
19.32
1849
19.49
18.35
2.46
1.46
2.62
1.40
352.03
320.99
355.61
336.69
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.85
0.91
2.20
0.97
38.93
25.00
12000
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.00
7319.00
8720.00
107.00
113.00
78.00
88.00
156.00
164.00
141.00
152.00
27.00
0.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.49
6.83
475.90
484.70
481.20
492.50
26.72
22.06
30.66
21.81
18.72
18.12
18.92
18.12
1.60
1.28
1.74
1.15
351.60
320.40
355.00
336.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.17
0.80
1.86
0.83
38.80
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
•>HT*»I»J1^I1 HJ.^%^1 «J IV.
A/F55 CAT505/500
04/02/99 Time:
Max STDV
16.07
7361.00
8870.00
107.00
115.00
80.00
92.00
158.00
166.00
144.00
154.00
32.00
0.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.49
6.83
486.50
497.40
491 60
502.50
4894
31.14
43.96
26.39
19.84
18.75
20.01
18.72
3.70
1.71
3.38
1.69
352.60
321.70
356.20
337.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.56
1.01
2.73
1.20
39.20
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.01
8.40
70.34
0.00
0.73
0.44
0.36
0.16
0.99
0.51
0.28
1.26
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
3.49
3.16
3.07
3.06
6.66
2.59
4.48
1.63
0.35
0.19
0.36
0.24
0.74
0.17
0.59
0.13
0.32
0.42
0.37
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.44
0.07
0.30
0.11
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
16:10:40
Variance
0.08
0.11
0.80
0.00
0.63
0.55
0.40
0.10
0.60
0.36
0.18
4.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.72
0.64
0.63
0.61
17.48
10.39
11.89
6.75
1.81
1.03
1.84
1.28
30.04
11.98
22.60
9.47
0.09
0.13
0.10
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
15.32
7.28
13.54
11.09
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run9-a - 440BHP 300RPM 1.8BTDC 11.8/2.75 PCC 90AMT CAT537/527
Data Point Number: 040199-QCcheck-Run9-a
Description
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (ltWlbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr)- Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr)- Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
Average
30.24
12.03
53.00
11.84
9.41
0.00212
87.48
2424.15
2306.55
9.13
513.35
510.99
62547
527.78
574.53
299.79
300.04
526.56
442.29
8238.72
982.20
3709.72
064
66.10
48 05
59.64
51.00
110.99
60.95
5.61
1.08
0.50
0.53
0.60
7.70
8 12
15.85
15.97
114.02
44.24
2.74
2.76
31.84
36.16
27.22
30.16
1207.21
1244.18
911.23
995.33
36.01
40.18
Date:
Win
28.00
12.03
53.00
11.73
8.00
86.10
2355.00
2255.00
9.05
511.00
505.00
617.00
522.00
566.00
299.00
297.00
520.00
435.40
8100.00
982.20
3669.00
064
65.97
46.80
59.55
51.00
110.00
57.10
5.00
1.08
0.50
053
0.60
7.28
7.81
15.50
15.60
109.90
40.70
2.74
2.76
28.60
28.60
23.80
23.30
1144.50
1161.60
901.10
930.20
33.90
33.00
04/01/99
Max
32.00
12.03
53.00
11.89
14.00
88.90
2500.00
2368.00
9.25
521.00
523.00
639.00
539.00
58700
303.00
305.00
540.00
450.50
8389.00
982.20
3772.00
0.64
66.20
49.61
5972
51.00
113.00
63.10
5.66
1.08
0.50
0.53
0.60
8.38
842
16.00
16.10
120.50
48.00
2.74
2.76
3510
41.20
29.90
35.00
1270.80
1318.70
932.40
1066.50
36.50
41.00
Time:
STDV
0.84
0.00
0.00
0.04
1.61
0.61
36.63
29.55
0.04
2.29
4.06
4.94
345
4.29
1.54
1.93
6.13
2.75
56.97
0.00
21 16
0.00
0.04
057
0.04
0.00
1 08
1.17
0.09
0.00
0.00
000
000
042
0.26
0.23
0.22
3.91
1.92
0.00
0.00
1.90
3.04
2.07
2.90
35.93
39.71
14.57
67.72
1.02
1.95
23:40:00
Variance
2.78
0.00
0.00
0.31
17.12
0.70
1.51
1.28
0.43
0.45
0.79
0.79
0.65
075
0.51
064
1.16
0.62
069
0.00
0.57
000
0.07
1.19
0.06
0.00
0.98
1.93
1.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.41
3.23
1.44
1.39
3.43
4.34
0.00
0.00
5.96
8.40
7.60
9.61
2.98
3.19
1.60
6.80
2.84
4.86
-------
Test Description: Run9-a - 440BHP 300RPM 1.8BTDC 11.8/2.75 PCC
Data Point Number: 040199-QCcheck-Run9-a Date:
Description Average Win
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.61
7730 35
9208.77
115.00
121.09
83.99
95.63
157.01
164.00
14262
15200
2991
1.10
0.51
0 54
0.61
7.93
8.25
470.37
491.11
47536
489 17
34 14
25.95
38.74
25.98
20.72
19.98
20.72
19.93
1.68
1.47
264
1 52
35887
324.14
364.94
338.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.38
0.99
2.70
1.13
43.68
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.51
7665.00
9120.00
115.00
120.00
82.00
94.00
157.00
164.00
141.00
152.00
28.00
1.10
0.51
0.54
0.61
7.25
7.61
459.20
481.20
45980
47700
2607
20.24
33.26
21.58
20.20
19.24
19.91
19.24
1.39
1.33
1.74
1.28
354.60
321.30
361.10
334.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.82
0.92
2.16
0.95
4200
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
^11»%»UIWII t-^«»-H-HCHV
90AMT CAT537/527
04/01/99 Time:
Max STDV
16.69
7779.00
9350.00
115.00
122.00
84.00
98.00
159.00
164.00
145.00
152.00
33.00
1.10
0.51
0.54
0.61
8.35
8.85
479.60
496.30
489.30
499.50
40.77
31.22
45.02
35.48
21.30
20.70
21.48
20.86
1.93
1.77
4.88
1.95
360.00
325.20
366.40
33940
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.91
1.13
3.28
1.39
59.10
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.03
22.45
75.27
0.00
1.00
0.16
0.71
0.12
0.00
065
0.00
1.49
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.36
0.42
6.64
4.16
8.69
7.14
4.31
3.39
4.11
4.04
0.39
0.35
0.41
0.49
0.17
0.11
0.99
0.23
1.52
1.12
1.44
1.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.23
0.07
0.36
0.14
3.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
ii-f.
23:40:00
Variance
0.20
0.29
0.82
0.00
0.82
0.19
0.75
0.07
0.00
0.45
000
499
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.54
5.10
1.41
0.85
1 83
1 46
12.62
13.06
10.62
15.57
1.90
1.77
2.00
2.46
10.38
7.73
37.67
15.04
0.42
0.35
0.39
0.42
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.59
7.07
13.31
1266
8.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State Universitv: Enaines and Energy Conversion Laboratorv
Test Description: RunIO - 440BHP 300RPM 13.24/2.99
Data Point Number: 040199-QCcheck-RunlO
Description Average
1.8BTDC PCC 130AMT CAT565/556
Date: 04/01/99 Time: 20:25:00
Min Max STDV Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lOw/lb*)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr) Post-Catalyst
B.S NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr)- Post-Catalyst
02 (%). Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%)• Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
32.99
12.03
55.44
13.24
19.00
0.01448
129.88
2065.88
1858.01
10.25
557.99
600.64
738.75
597.82
685.40
29900
29933
520.91
441.48
818533
982.20
3679.45
0.64
58.27
46.44
59.78
51.00
113.98
49.38
4.45
0.79
0.00
2.13
2.30
5.16
5.17
14.40
14.40
84.05
2949
3.84
3.54
144.66
152.27
151.87
159.23
969.52
100919
787.41
744.84
29.19
27.99
31.00
12.03
55.00
13.19
19.00
128.30
2038.00
1844,00
1020
556.00
598.00
737.00
595.00
683.00
299.00
297.00
516.00
436.30
8070 00
982.20
3643 00
0.64
58.17
45.54
59.68
51.00
112.00
49.29
3.98
0.79
0.00
2.13
2.30
5 16
5.17
14.40
14.40
83.20
28.80
3.84
3.54
139.10
141.60
145.70
147.80
950.30
966.40
776.80
717.40
29.00
27.50
35.00
12.03
57.00
13.29
19.00
131.30
2092.00
1869.00
1031
558.00
602.00
743.00
59900
688.00
299.00
302.00
526.00
446.70
8320.00
982.20
3713.00
0.64
58.39
47.28
59.84
51.00
114.00
50.20
4.59
0.79
0.00
2.13
2.30
516
5.17
14.40
1440
8480
30.00
3.84
3.54
153.20
170.60
160.50
178.40
994.00
1040.50
808.20
756.80
30.10
29.00
0.82
0.00
0.83
0.02
0.00
0.59
10.21
4.90
0.02
0.12
0.95
1.32
1.21
1.16
0.00
1.52
4.28
2.42
4824
0.00
1420
0.00
0.04
0.37
0.04
000
0.20
023
0.23
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
051
0.34
0.00
0.00
3.29
4.99
3.53
5.33
10.32
14.02
14.60
18.00
0.42
0.70
2.49
0.00
1.50
0.14
000
0.45
0.49
0.26
0.20
0.02
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.17
0.00
0.51
0.82
055
0.59
000
039
0.00
0.07
0.80
006
000
0.17
0.47
5.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
000
0.00
000
0.00
0.61
1.17
0.00
000
2.28
328
2.33
3.35
1.06
1.39
1 85
242
1.44
2.52
-------
Test Description: RunIO - 440BHP 300RPM 13.24/2.99 1
Data Point Number: 040199-QCcheck-RunlO
Description Average
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor. Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor- Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor- Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.61
7729.51
9125.10
11500
123.99
86.99
98.31
155.99
16483
143.01
154.41
2977
0.91
0.01
222
229
488
5.21
51630
523.01
521 83
514.24
2674
22.50
27.64
2270
1855
18 11
18.54
18.29
1.31
1.35
1 41
1 32
35590
323.80
360.39
337.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.08
0.75
1.51
0.89
4273
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
2500
120.00
25.00
120.00
.8BTDC PCC 130AMT CAT565/556
Date: 04/01/99 Time:
Min Max STDV
16.53
7680.00
9040.00
115.00
123.00
85.00
97.00
154.00
163.00
143.00
153.00
28.00
0.92
0.01
2.22
2.29
4.88
5.21
512.60
517.10
513.80
510.80
22.36
17.56
21.61
17.08
18.28
17.79
18.01
17.98
1.17
1.19
1 22
1.20
355.00
323.10
359.30
336.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.89
0.60
1.37
0.76
42.50
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.66
7764.00
9220.00
115.00
125.00
87.00
101.00
156.00
165.00
145.00
155.00
32.00
0.92
001
222
2.29
4.88
5.21
520.00
527.30
530.50
517.00
30.77
29.56
33.10
27.17
18.97
1845
19.01
18.58
1.55
1.55
1.74
1.48
356.60
324.30
361.20
337.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.34
0.88
1.75
0.98
42.90
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.02
17.29
73.45
0.00
1.00
0.12
064
0.12
0.55
0.12
0.92
1.37
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
203
3.14
4.99
1.81
2.72
3.36
4.01
2.86
0.20
0.27
028
0.19
012
0.10
0.14
0.07
0.49
0.38
0.58
0.47
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.07
0.12
0.07
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
tl_f_
20:25:00
Variance
0.15
0.22
0.80
0.00
0.81
0.13
0.65
0.07
0.34
0.08
0.59
4.60
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
039
0.60
096
035
10.18
14.93
14.49
1262
1 08
1.48
1.50
1 01
9.49
7.60
10.00
5.54
0.14
0.12
0 16
0.14
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
10.25
9.89
7.76
7.46
0.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Test Description: Run11 - 380BHP 270RPM 2.6BTDC 12.87/2.81 PCC JWO155 CAT507/500
Data Point Number: 040299-QCcheck-Run11 Date: 04/02/99 Time:
Description Average Min Max STDV
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (Ibw/lbjJ
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr). Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
30.83
12.04
69.00
12.87
33.59
0.01512
11057
2017.48
1796.13
10.06
504.79
528.00
648.24
536.74
605.59
270.00
269.59
45222
37797
8060.25
928.50
3280.80
0.60
65 12
35.09
60.27
41.47
121.61
56.26
4.05
1.10
0.00
0.00
0.50
7.28
7.95
15.20
15.40
116.95
46.90
3.05
3.01
29.58
34.34
28.28
31.85
1310.35
1366.27
1018.04
975.98
38.46
43.52
29.00
12.04
69.00
12.85
33.00
108.80
1993.00
1783.00
10.01
503.00
525.00
645.00
535.00
603.00
270.00
26700
448.00
373.50
7870.00
928.50
3235 00
0.60
64.97
34.06
60.18
40.00
120.00
55.29
4.05
1.10
0.00
0.00
0.50
7.28
7.46
15.20
15.40
115.40
45.20
3.05
3.01
28.70
31.60
27.40
29.30
1280.60
1305.30
1010.60
959.00
36.90
42.70
32.00
12.04
69.00
12.91
35.00
112.10
2045.00
1814.00
10.11
505.00
531.00
651.00
539.00
608.00
270.00
273.00
456.00
38290
8204.00
928.50
3323.00
0.60
65.27
36.13
60.34
42.00
123.00
56.40
405
1.10
0.00
0.00
050
7.28
8.00
15.20
15.40
117.50
48.60
3.05
3.01
30.30
36.60
29.00
34.00
1336.50
1416.00
1107.70
1038.50
40.40
44.10
0.59
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.92
0.58
10.17
5.37
0.02
0.61
1.46
1.18
0.86
1.09
0.00
1.70
3.10
2.29
66.39
000
16.93
0.00
008
0.36
0.02
089
0.77
0.22
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.69
0.75
0.00
0.00
0.40
1.03
0.39
0.96
13.65
25.16
25.88
31.74
1.74
0.69
<" t
21:21:22
Variance
1.90
0.00
0.00
0.13
2.72
0.53
0.50
030
0.20
0.12
0.28
0.18
0.16
0.18
0.00
0.63
0.69
0.61
0.82
0.00
0.52
000
0 12
1.02
0.04
2.14
0.63
0.39
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.11
0.00
0.00
0.59
1.59
0.00
0.00
1.34
3.00
1.40
3.02
1.04
1.84
2.54
3.25
4.53
1.59
-------
Colorado State Universitv: Engines and Enerav Conversion Laboratorv
Test Description: Run11 - 380BHP 270RPM 2.6BTDC 12.87/2.81 PCC
Data Point Number: 040299-QCcheck-Run1 1 Date:
Description Average Min
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.06
7354.02
8808.37
109.00
114.51
78.55
88.96
146.72
153.09
142.98
153.00
28.92
089
0.00
0.00
0.47
5.89
6.49
490.81
492.91
484.55
498.44
37.88
24.18
41.64
24.26
19.19
18.37
19.47
18.22
2.03
1.46
2.77
1.40
351.44
320.18
354.56
335.86
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.54
0.92
2.48
0.90
38.80
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.03
7328.00
8730.00
109.00
113.00
77.00
87.00
144.00
153.00
141.00
153.00
27.00
0.89
0.00
0.00
0.47
5.76
6.49
483.40
48670
479.70
492.90
28.48
1736
33.58
19.31
18.65
18.04
19.06
17.75
1.35
1 08
1.71
1.16
350.70
319.60
354.10
335.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.04
0.74
2.17
0.66
38.80
25.00
120.00
25.00
12000
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
JWO155CAT507/500
04/02/99 Time:
Max STDV
16.09
7375.00
8880.00
109.00
115.00
79.00
89.00
147.00
155.00
143.00
153.00
32.00
0.89
0.00
0.00
0.47
6.28
6.49
499.10
496.40
490.50
508.80
44.57
28.67
52.84
31.66
19.64
18.66
19.96
18.74
3.72
1.64
3.76
1 78
351.90
320.90
355.20
33650
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.74
1.19
3.06
1.11
39.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.01
7.72
64.77
0.00
0.86
0.83
0.28
0.71
0.42
0.20
0.00
1.45
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.22
0.00
3.76
2.69
339
455
4.68
3.02
5.82
4.12
0.27
0.18
0.27
0.30
0.65
0.18
0.80
0.21
0.37
0.34
0.35
0.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.41
0.12
0.27
0.14
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
21:21:22
Variance
0.07
0.10
0.74
0.00
0.75
1.06
0.32
0.48
0.28
0.14
0.00
5.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.81
000
0.77
0.55
0.70
0.91
12.36
12.50
13.98
16.98
1.40
0.97
1.40
1.63
31.94
12.08
29.03
14.69
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
16.01
13.08
10.76
15.40
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run12 - 380BHP 270RPM 2.6BTDC 12.87/2.81 PCC JW0175 CAT512/506
Data Point Number: 040299-QCcheck-Run12
Description
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbWlbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B S NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S THC (g/bhp-hr)- Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%). Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Average
30.13
12.04
69.00
12.88
34.06
0.01500
109.81
2020.26
1794.21
10.06
507.98
530.57
65047
541.14
609.42
270.00
269.35
450.62
377.80
8069.73
928.50
3283.23
0.60
6602
3522
60.26
42.00
122.93
56.24
4.08
1.06
0.00
090
0.79
7.57
7.93
15.24
15.27
113.89
45.19
3.17
3.09
31.06
36.14
29.30
33.43
1314.22
1369.36
1161.59
1105.97
39.90
49.11
Date:
Min
28.00
12.04
6900
12.83
33.00
108.10
1994.00
1776.00
9.99
506.00
528.00
649.00
54000
60800
270.00
26600
447.00
373.50
7893.00
928.50
3242.00
0.60
65.94
3424
6019
42.00
121.00
55.20
4.08
1 06
0.00
0.90
0.52
7.48
7.66
15.20
15.20
112.70
43.70
3.05
2.99
30.00
34.40
28.40
31.80
1267.30
1303.40
1106.50
1037.30
33.50
4840
04/02/99
Max
32.00
12.04
6900
12.92
35.00
111 40
2062.00
1809.00
10.11
508.00
532.00
653.00
544.00
612.00
270.00
273.00
455.00
382.50
8242.00
928.50
3327 00
0.60
6610
36.37
6031
42.00
124.00
56.40
4.08
1.07
0.00
090
0.93
7.62
8.35
15.30
15.40
11640
47.20
3.23
3.15
31.90
39.00
29.90
36.10
1364.50
1460.10
1170.90
1116.70
5060
49.70
Time:
STDV
0.91
0.00
000
0.02
1 00
0.60
11.41
5.36
0.02
0.20
1.16
1.33
1.15
1.06
0.00
1.56
3.07
2.34
64.81
000
16.24
0.00
0.03
0.36
0.02
0.00
0.44
0.27
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.20
0.07
0.13
0.05
010
0.99
0.77
0.09
0.08
0.44
0.91
0.37
0.83
21.80
30.44
21.14
26.58
8.29
0.65
20:06:06
Variance
3.01
000
0.00
0.16
2.94
0.55
056
0.30
0.23
0.04
0.22
0.20
021
0.17
0.00
058
0.68
0.62
0.80
0.00
0.49
0.00
004
1.03
0.04
0.00
0.35
0.48
0.00
0.45
0.00
000
24.92
0.88
1.64
0.31
0.63
0.87
1.71
2.72
2.47
1.42
2.51
1.26
2.48
1.66
2.22
1.82
2.40
20.78
1.32
-------
Test Description: Run12 - 380BHP 270RPM 2.6BTDC 12
Data Point Number: 040299-QCcheck-Run12
Description Average
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor. Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.05
7349.44
8774.60
108.99
114.58
78.37
88.05
167.97
174.09
143.07
153.00
28.56
0.96
0.00
0.75
0.47
6 17
6.51
489.57
49051
48623
50047
35.17
23.85
36.67
24.25
19.06
18.46
19.53
18.15
2.08
1.45
2.01
1.35
351 41
32030
354.59
336.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.39
0.86
2.07
0.89
38.90
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
.87/2.81 PCC JWO175CAT512/506
Date: 04/02/99 Time:
Win Max STDV
16.02
7326.00
8710.00
107.00
113.00
77.00
88.00
166.00
174.00
143.00
153.00
2600
0.89
0.00
0.75
0.47
6.09
648
48570
487.90
479.10
49680
3022
21.25
28.49
21.75
18.75
18.10
19.25
17.81
1.33
1.32
1.43
1.20
350.80
319.70
354.10
335.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.68
0.77
1.68
0.75
38.80
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.09
7376.00
8860.00
109.00
115.00
80.00
90.00
170.00
176.00
145.00
153.00
32.00
1.00
0.00
0.75
0.47
621
6.53
492.90
493.40
491.90
504.50
41.00
28.47
46.28
28.07
19.33
18.74
19.93
18.53
359
1.64
3.56
1.51
352.00
321.00
355.10
337.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.01
0.94
2.58
1.06
39.10
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.01
8.69
63.39
0.12
0.82
0.87
0.30
0.53
0.41
0.36
0.00
1.32
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.02
2.23
1.94
3.46
2.73
3.38
2.15
5.55
1.72
0.17
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.70
0.12
057
0.12
0.37
0.40
0.33
0.49
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.41
0.05
0.25
0.10
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
"-*•
20:06:06
Variance
0.08
0.12
0.72
0.11
0.71
1.11
0.34
0.31
0.23
025
0.00
4.63
563
0.00
000
0.00
0.87
0.35
0.45
0.39
0.71
0.55
960
9.03
15.12
7.08
090
1.14
1 07
1.24
33.79
8 12
28.52
8.73
0.10
0.12
0.09
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
17.03
5.66
12.00
11.50
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 13 - 440BHP 300RPM 0.2BTDC 13.5/3.04 A/F49.1 PCC CAT574/568
Data Point Number: 033199-Run13
Description
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE fHg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (Ibw/lb^
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE fHg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE C'H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%). Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%)• Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Average
59.04
12.01
18.56
13.51
33.66
0.01487
110.45
2026.48
1948.75
10.48
569.13
608.46
732.16
61054
689.30
300.00
299.39
527.08
441 39
814084
964.90
3724.20
0.62
82.55
48.96
59.23
47.00
132.62
48.31
4.14
066
0.00
1.41
1.49
4.64
467
14.60
14.50
86.07
31.67
3.64
3.55
89.30
93.28
94.41
100.57
910.53
935.65
696.59
619.09
56.93
57.39
Date:
Min
57.00
12.01
17.00
13.44
32.00
108.10
1993.00
192900
10.35
568.00
605.00
728.00
60800
685.00
300.00
297.00
520.00
433.90
8002.00
964.90
3688.00
0.62
81.91
47.81
59.13
47.00
131.00
48.20
4.14
066
0.00
1.41
1.49
4.64
4.67
14.60
14.50
83.40
30.40
3.64
3.55
83.40
84.50
88.10
90.90
882.50
888.30
67410
567.50
49.40
54.60
03/31/99
Max
6200
12.01
21.00
13.56
36.00
113.00
2060.00
1967.00
10.58
571.00
613.00
736.00
614.00
693.00
300.00
303.00
528.00
446.70
8383.00
964.90
3788 00
0.62
83.25
50.60
59.32
47.00
134.00
49 10
4.14
066
000
1.41
1 49
4.64
467
14.60
14.50
87.80
32.80
3.64
3.55
93.70
103.40
99.10
111.90
941.10
981.70
735.10
663.00
61.30
63.60
Time:
STDV
0.82
0.00
1.19
0.02
0.92
0.83
9.99
570
0.04
0.92
1.43
1.36
1.28
1.27
000
1.55
1.29
2.40
5246
0.00
14.77
0.00
037
040
0.04
000
0.62
0.15
000
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.81
0.36
0.00
0.00
1.98
303
2.09
3.31
10.18
14.49
21.75
29.86
3.18
2.96
20:05:00
Variance
1.38
0.00
6.42
0.13
2.74
0.75
0.49
0.29
0.37
0.16
024
0.19
0.21
0.18
000
0.52
024
054
0.64
0.00
0.40
000
045
0.81
0.06
0.00
0.47
030
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.94
1 14
0.00
0.00
2.22
3.25
2.22
329
1.12
1.55
3 12
4.82
5.58
515
-------
Colorado State Universitv: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 13 - 440BHP 300RPM 0.2BTDC 13.5/3.04 A/F49.1 PCC CAT574/568
Data Point Number: 033199-Run1 3 Date: 03/31/99 Time:
Description Average Min Max STDV
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOi TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor. Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor- Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor. Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.60
7726.84
9238.78
130.99
137.34
108.06
119.04
155.36
16401
141.29
152.97
2907
0.28
0.22
1 42
1.46
4.67
4.53
476.95
478.59
467.64
483.14
28.85
2368
3243
2385
21.40
21.08
22.00
20.90
1.75
1.54
2.43
1.47
35306
321 .04
357.41
334.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.39
0.91
1.93
0.99
41.20
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.53
7677.00
9120.00
129.00
136.00
107.00
118.00
153.00
162.00
139.00
151.00
27.00
0.28
0.23
1.29
1.35
4.62
4.53
468.30
473.40
453.90
474.00
21.09
16.36
22.66
1588
20.67
20.68
21 10
20.41
1 27
1.23
1 43
1 14
352.70
320.80
356.90
334.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.04
0.64
1.26
0.75
41.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.70
7798.00
9280.00
133.00
139.00
110.00
121.00
157.00
166.00
143.00
153.00
32.00
0.28
0.23
1.42
1.46
467
4.71
48560
486.00
476.70
488.90
38.23
31.36
40.52
34 13
21.95
21.40
22.56
21.54
4.40
1.95
5.38
328
354.00
321.50
35780
334.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.45
1.20
4.06
1.74
41.60
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.02
16.15
20.88
0.17
0.57
051
0.56
0.72
0.21
0.73
026
1.27
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.01
3.76
2.58
4 10
2.79
4.29
337
4.16
3.46
0.26
0.16
0.30
0.19
0.52
0.15
0.95
0.29
0.22
0.17
0.18
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.12
0.37
0.14
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
20:05:00
Variance
0.14
0.21
0.23
0 13
0.42
047
0.47
0.46
013
0.52
0.17
4.38
0.00
0.00
0.30
0.24
004
013
079
054
0.88
0.58
14.87
1422
1281
14.52
1.22
0.78
1.37
089
29.78
9.96
38.97
19.73
006
005
005
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
18.15
13.13
1940
14.28
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run14 - 440BHP 300RPM 13.39/3.04 3.9BTDC PCC A/F50.7 CAT542/537
Data Point Number: 033199-QCcheck-Run14 Date: 03/31/99 Time: 21:05:38
Description Average Min Max STDV
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (low/lb*)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVGERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B S NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S THC (g/bhp-hr). Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm) Post-Catalyst
56.03
12.01
2900
13.39
33.05
0.01441
109.92
2043.01
1989.52
1034
539.11
569.25
693.32
574.62
654.39
300.00
299.34
525.47
441.92
7839.66
964.90
3590.15
0.62
82.95
45.41
59.38
45.00
13003
50.65
4.17
0.65
0.00
1.24
1.37
4.47
5.16
14.60
14.50
100.61
36.15
3.70
3.55
88.70
92.09
89.05
94.29
967.58
99645
694.39
635.57
61.16
61.41
54.00
12.01
29.00
13.32
32.00
108.40
2015.00
1970.00
10.21
538.00
567.00
690.00
573.00
653.00
300.00
297.00
518.00
43740
7724.00
964.90
3559.00
0.62
82.87
44.54
59.31
45.00
130.00
49.79
4.17
0.65
0.00
1.24
1.37
4.47
4.84
14.60
14.50
99.30
34.90
3.70
3.55
86.70
85.60
87.20
87.50
941.10
942.40
674.10
624.30
60.10
61.20
57.00
12.01
29.00
13.45
34.00
112.10
2068.00
2005.00
10.45
540.00
573.00
696.00
577.00
655.00
300.00
302.00
527.00
447.00
7949.00
96490
3628.00
062
83.02
4640
59.43
45.00
13200
50.70
4.17
0.65
0.00
1.24
1.37
4.47
5 35
14.60
14.50
102.00
37.50
3.70
3.55
91.80
98.30
92.30
100.70
989.90
1033.70
705.80
644.90
61.30
62.30
0.97
0.00
0.00
0.03
1.00
0.70
10.08
5.75
0.04
1.00
1.32
1.39
0.84
0.92
0.00
1.51
2.53
2.36
44.08
0.00
13.26
0.00
0.03
0.36
002
0.00
0.23
019
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.25
0.00
0.00
074
0.50
0.00
0.00
1.29
2.66
1.22
2.73
10.90
16.50
15.24
9.22
0.39
043
Variance
1.74
0.00
0.00
0.19
3.03
0.64
0.49
0.29
0.38
0.18
0.23
0.20
0.15
0.14
0.00
0.50
0.48
0.53
0.56
0.00
0.37
000
0.04
0.78
004
0.00
0.18
0.38
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
000
0.00
4.76
0.00
0.00
0.73
1.38
0.00
0.00
1.45
2.89
1.37
2.90
1.13
1.66
2.19
1.45
0.63
0.70
-------
Test Description: Run14 - 440BHP 300RPM 13.39/3.04 3.9BTDC PCC
Data Point Number: 033199-QCcheck-Run14 Date: 03/31/99
Description Average Win
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor. Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.61
7734.57
9209.07
130.05
137.00
107.55
118.99
155.98
163.33
141.81
152.99
28.97
0.78
0.23
1 29
1 35
5.12
5.05
545.66
539.04
52963
55260
3098
2593
37.19
22.82
16.89
16.60
17.90
16.14
1.58
1.43
1.86
1.31
353.50
321.46
358.76
335.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.25
0.73
1.84
0.88
40.30
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.58
7709.00
9070.00
129.00
137.00
106.00
117.00
154.00
16300
140.00
151.00
28.00
0.78
023
1.29
1.35
5 12
473
542.30
535.80
516.50
549.00
2673
21 15
3057
18.12
16.56
16.22
17.32
15.87
1.29
1.24
1.62
1.10
353.30
321.20
358.50
335.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.96
0.62
1.35
0.80
40.30
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
>*HWWIW1WH *-**f+*SI ««.*.
A/F50.7 CAT542/537
Time: 21:05:38
Max STDV
16.65
7761.00
9240.00
131.00
137.00
108.00
119.00
156.00
165.00
142.00
153.00
32.00
0.78
023
1.29
1.35
5.12
523
552.40
544.20
537.50
555.90
4018
34.01
47.13
28.71
17.17
16.93
18.60
16.38
2.62
1.59
2.26
1.49
35430
322.20
359.50
336.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.93
0.86
2.16
0.96
40.30
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.02
11.05
47.11
1.00
0.00
0.84
0.16
0.20
0.74
0.58
0.12
1.28
0.00
000
0.00
000
0.00
0.24
2.70
2.26
5.45
1 94
3.86
3.46
5.74
3.16
0.15
0.20
0.32
0.16
0.38
0.12
0.17
0.12
0.29
0.33
0.40
0.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.08
0.21
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
HJL
Variance
0.10
0.14
0.51
0.77
0.00
0.78
0.14
0.13
0.45
0.41
0.08
4.43
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
481
0.49
0.42
1.03
035
12.45
13.35
15.45
1387
0.91
1.19
1.76
0.98
24.06
8.22
930
8.95
0.08
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
19.85
11.16
11.13
4.93
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run15 - 440BHP 300RPM 13.24/2.99 1.8BTDC PCC #3 60-70PSI
Data Point Number: 0401 99-QCcheck-Run1 5 2.99 Date: 04/01/99
Description Average Min Max
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (ltWlbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVGERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 {%): Pre-Catalyst
02 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
37.56
12.03
57.54
13.24
32.67
0.01490
111.35
2041.47
1891.62
10.25
55861
600.29
732.97
584.36
688.46
29900
299.46
521.88
441.73
8260 92
982.20
371560
0.64
59.60
4755
59.68
49.00
113.44
4931
4.51
0.62
000
1.81
1.96
5.63
5.80
14.70
14.70
95.51
31.54
3.78
3.76
137.02
145.53
144.99
153.12
1044.03
1066.31
812.22
763.31
34.09
31.80
36.00
12.03
57.00
13.20
31.00
109.10
2016.00
1874.00
10.21
557.00
598.00
730.00
583.00
686.00
299.00
297.00
520.00
436.00
8142.00
982.20
3679.00
0.64
59.53
46.70
59.60
49.00
113.00
49.20
4.51
0.62
000
1.81
1.96
5.63
5.80
14.70
14.70
94.20
30.70
3.78
3.76
132.00
137.00
139.60
143.90
1018.30
1019.10
807.00
736.50
26.40
31.80
39.00
12.03
59.00
13.29
33.00
113.00
2062.00
1906.00
10.30
559.00
602.00
736.00
587.00
690.00
299.00
302.00
529.00
446.90
8380 00
982.20
3748 00
0.64
59.69
48.46
59.73
49.00
115.00
50.10
4.51
0.62
000
1.81
1.96
5.63
5.80
14.70
14.70
97.70
32.40
3.78
3.76
139.60
154.80
147.60
162.80
1058.40
1104.00
868.50
775.90
45.30
31.80
LOW CAT599/590
Time: 16:27:12
STDV Variance
0.74
0.00
0.89
0.02
0.74
0.75
8.87
5.19
0.02
0.79
1.11
1.30
1.07
1.51
0.00
1.60
2.56
2.46
52.60
0.00
14.79
0.00
003
038
0.02
0.00
083
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
086
0.38
0.00
0.00
2.19
3.44
2.34
3.70
9.46
15.23
16.63
1824
9.30
0.00
1.97
0.00
1.55
0.13
2.27
0.67
0.43
0.27
020
0.14
0.18
0.18
0 18
022
0.00
0.53
0.49
0.56
064
000
0.40
0.00
005
0.80
004
000
073
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.90
1.19
0.00
0.00
1.60
2.37
1.61
2.41
0.91
1.43
2.05
239
27.28
0.00
-------
Test Description: Runt 5 - 440BHP 300RPM 13.24/2.99 1
Data Point Number: 040199-QCcheck-Run15 2.99
Description Average
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.61
7732.69
9142.00
115.00
122.09
90.56
102.87
157.00
165.07
141.83
152.00
32.16
0.68
0.01
2 38
2.05
5.68
5.87
518.19
52257
458.50
527.47
2664
22.55
35.49
24.02
18.78
18.39
20.47
18.22
1.47
1.34
3.33
1.25
357.59
325.31
361.21
339.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.17
0.71
2.12
0.87
42.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
*— ••>»• y f — ^xn» v»i wiwi i
.8BTDC PCC #3 60-70PSI
Date: 04/01/99
Min Max
16.55
7691.00
9100.00
115.00
122.00
89.00
101.00
157.00
165.00
140.00
152.00
31.00
0.68
0.01
2.38
2.05
5.68
5.87
511.40
52040
453.10
52430
21 42
19.79
29.60
18.82
1853
18 16
20.06
17.98
1.20
1 16
1.52
1.05
356.90
324.80
360.60
338.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.98
0.62
1.65
0.77
41.80
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.66
7770.00
9270.00
115.00
124.00
92.00
103.00
157.00
167.00
142.00
152.00
36.00
0.68
0.01
2.38
205
5.68
5.87
522.70
524.70
464.30
530.00
3337
31.45
43.71
27.68
19.16
18.64
21.18
1849
1.71
1.50
4.50
1.53
35800
325.60
361.50
339.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.37
0.87
2.81
0.97
42.20
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
1-a.jwi mwi y
LOW CAT599/590
Time: 16:27:12
STDV Variance
0.02
15.60
44.97
0.00
0.42
0.78
0.49
0.00
0.38
0.55
0.00
1.37
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.49
1.23
3.83
1.98
3.82
2.22
4.09
2.66
0.20
0 11
0.35
0.17
0.16
0.10
0.90
0.13
0.25
0.20
0.26
0.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.08
0.33
0.07
0.06
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.20
049
0.00
0.35
0.86
0.47
0.00
0.23
0.39
0.00
4.27
0.00
000
000
0.00
000
000
0.67
0.24
083
0.37
14.35
987
11.52
11.07
1.07
062
1.73
0.93
10.90
7.76
27 18
10.30
0.07
006
007
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
8.89
10.81
15.53
7.71
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State Universitv: Engines and Enerav Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run16 - 440BHP 300RPM 13.24/2.99
Data Point Number: 040199-QCcheck-Run16
Description Average
1.8BTDC PCC #2 60PSI HIGH CAT599/590
Date: 04/01/99 Time: 18:17:51
Min Max STDV Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Kg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (IIWIbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVGERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S THC (g/bhp-hr)- Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
C02 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
35.79
12.03
57.00
13.24
31.93
0.01401
110.07
2035.65
1883.99
10.25
556.78
590.61
749.66
588.79
670.13
299.00
299.51
520.77
441.36
8254.46
98220
3709.21
064
59.53
47.36
59.71
51.00
113.00
49.36
4.35
0.75
0.00
2.16
224
5.13
5.35
14.60
14.70
94.23
31.13
3.60
3.52
152.16
161.22
15958
168.38
964.50
1064.88
855.36
767.34
3560
31.05
34.00
12.03
57.00
13.18
31.00
108.40
2017.00
1863.00
10.18
555.00
589.00
748.00
587.00
667.00
299.00
297.00
520.00
436.20
8127.00
982.20
3676.00
0.64
59.28
46.43
59.64
51.00
113.00
49.29
4.35
0.75
000
2.16
2.24
4.72
535
14.60
14.70
92.60
30.30
3.60
3.52
149.00
150.60
157.60
157.50
916.30
1026.90
807.00
755.60
26.40
29.00
38.00
12.03
57.00
13.28
33.00
112.30
2059.00
1900.00
10.30
559.00
593.00
752.00
591.00
673.00
299.00
302.00
528.00
44650
8366.00
982.20
3737.00
0.64
59.76
48.05
59.77
51.00
113.00
4940
4.35
0.75
0.00
2.16
224
5.22
5.35
14.60
14.70
95.20
32.00
3.60
3.52
157.20
175.10
164.70
182.80
1008.60
1103.00
869.70
834.50
39.00
33.00
0.96
0.00
0.00
0.02
1.00
0.67
8.79
6.33
0.02
0.61
1.29
1.15
0.92
1.08
0.00
1 58
2.37
2.40
52.68
0.00
13.46
0.00
0.13
0.35
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.79
0.40
0.00
0.00
1.78
4.64
1.88
4.91
28.92
13.57
25.18
26.82
5.60
2.00
2.69
0.00
0.00
0.18
3.13
0.61
0.43
0.34
0.24
0.11
0.22
0.15
0.16
0.16
0.00
0.53
0.45
0.54
0.64
0.00
0.36
0.00
0.21
0.74
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
000
3.81
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.84
1.29
0.00
0.00
1.17
2.88
1.18
2.91
3.00
1.27
2.94
3.50
15.74
6.45
-------
Colorado State University; Engines and Enerav Conversion Laboratorv
Test Description: Run16 - 440BHP 300RPM 13.24/2.99
Data Point Number: 040199-QCcheck-Run16
Description Average
1.8BTDC PCC #2 60PSI HIGH CAT599/590
Date: 04/01/99 Time: 18:17:51
Win Max STDV Variance
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor- Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor- Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor. Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor. Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.60
7726.61
9125.60
116.23
125.98
90.02
102.00
155.99
164.89
141.02
152.00
3295
0.78
0.01
2.23
2.28
5.26
5.41
492.35
543.29
495.19
50024
2876
21.87
31.69
24.25
1945
17.87
19.57
18.89
1.47
1 28
1.93
1.32
35744
32655
362.19
33848
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.45
0.71
1.79
089
43.25
2500
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.55
7688.00
9110.00
115.00
124.00
9000
102.00
154.00
163.00
141.00
152.00
31.00
0.78
0.01
2.23
2.28
4.84
5.41
486.70
540.10
49070
496.20
21.72
17.08
2341
2019
19 19
17.66
19.09
18.52
1.21
1 08
1.28
1.11
356.60
325.90
361.40
337.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.07
0.63
1.38
0.80
42.80
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.64
7756.00
9250.00
117.00
126.00
92.00
102.00
156.00
165.00
143.00
152.00
36.00
0.78
0.01
2.23
2.28
5.34
541
497.80
548.10
498.10
506.30
38.43
2471
39.92
28.78
2006
18.14
19.97
19.34
1.69
1.55
3.31
1.55
357.70
326.80
362.50
338.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.12
0.79
2.12
0.97
43.60
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.01
9.73
41.21
098
0.20
0.20
0.00
0.12
0.46
0.20
0.00
1.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.19
000
3.17
2.38
2.20
2.78
507
232
4.29
2.43
024
012
0.23
0.21
0.16
0.16
0.70
0.14
0.33
029
0.36
0.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.28
0.04
0.18
0.06
0.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.13
0.45
0.84
016
0.22
0.00
007
0.28
0 14
0.00
4.42
000
0.00
000
0.00
3.58
000
0.64
0.44
0.44
056
17.63
10.59
1352
1002
1.22
0.67
1 17
1.13
10.80
12.39
36.28
10.48
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
19.29
6.12
10.06
6.31
0.40
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX D
TEST POINTS
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Enerav Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 1a 440 bhp
Data Point Number: 033199-Runla
Description
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/lbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVGERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr). Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr)- Pre-Catalyst
B.S THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
02 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%)• Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1 3.28/3.04 1.8btdc pec
Date:
Average
68.29
12.01
11.15
13.26
32.92
0.01468
110.56
2005.03
1979.22
10.20
555.34
587.30
715.66
599.83
673.16
300.00
29950
52775
441 10
8030.52
96490
3670 26
0.62
8054
47.27
59.38
46.71
129.31
49.47
4.16
070
0.03
1.69
1.47
4.78
521
1460
14.67
8863
28.60
3.59
3.43
102.12
106.87
107.82
113.11
950.09
97553
705.89
684.41
56.06
58.26
03/31/99
Min
65.00
12.01
11.00
13.22
30.00
108.10
1975.00
1963.00
10.07
554.00
583.00
712.00
596.00
66900
300.00
297.00
519.00
43610
7897.00
964.90
3631.00
0.62
80 10
46.15
5926
45.00
127.00
48.90
4.16
0.69
0.03
1.41
1.45
4.68
5.17
14.60
14.60
86.40
27.10
3.57
3.42
96.70
96.00
102.30
101.60
921.60
932.50
682.70
654.50
49.30
55.90
Time:
Max
71.00
12.01
13.00
13.29
36.00
113.00
2030.00
1995.00
10.29
557.00
590.00
720.00
604.00
678.00
300.00
302.00
531.00
447.10
8197.00
964.90
3722.00
0.62
80.86
48.75
59.46
47.00
131.00
49.79
4.16
0.71
0.03
1.79
1.54
482
5.22
14.60
14.70
90.70
29.80
3.64
3.43
107.30
118.00
113.50
125.50
985.10
1024.90
744.80
716.10
63.60
61.20
13:40:00
STDV
0.98
0.00
0.52
0.02
1.23
0.76
9.01
5.32
004
0.63
1 50
1.50
1.30
1.56
000
1.54
1.90
2.45
50.01
000
15.77
O.QQ
0.18
0.42
0.03
0.71
0.68
0.37
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.17
0.04
0.06
0.02
0.00
0.04
0.90
0.46
0.03
0.00
2.07
3.65
2.14
3.92
10.58
15.88
22.25
23 19
5.52
1.67
Variance
1.44
0.00
4.66
0.12
374
0.69
0.45
0.27
0.37
0.11
0.26
0.21
0.22
023
0.00
051
0.36
056
062
0.00
043
000
0.22
0.88
0.06
1 52
0.52
075
0.00
1.27
0.00
10.07
2.73
1 31
0.43
0.00
0.30
1.02
1.60
0.87
013
2.03
3.42
1.99
3.46
1.11
1.63
3.15
3.39
9.84
2.86 .
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 1a 440 bhp 13.28/3
Data Point Number: 033199-Runla
Description
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
.04 1.8btdcpcc
Date:
Average
16.60
7722.81
9247.79
126.22
132.09
113.83
124.06
15600
164.20
141 98
153.08
28.97
0.72
0.22
1 70
1.41
4.80
5.01
499.27
506.88
508.33
515.50
2896
25.09
34.64
22.94
19.55
18.96
19.77
18.61
1.58
1 48
1.94
1.31
35091
319.54
356.49
332.81
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.38
0.82
1.68
0.91
40.81
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
03/31/99
Min
16.53
7675.00
9090.00
125.00
130.00
112.00
122.00
156.00
163.00
140.00
152.00
28.00
0.71
0.23
1.44
1.38
4.76
4.94
491.30
499.60
494.30
505.80
18.58
19.74
22.45
14.81
18.82
18.55
1904
18.12
1.13
1 09
1.46
0.96
350.60
319.30
355.80
332.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.57
1.33
0.66
40.80
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
Time:
Max
16.67
7775.00
9300.00
128.00
13500
114.00
126.00
158.00
166.00
144.00
155.00
32.00
072
0.23
1 80
1.49
4.81
5.03
507.20
512.70
51880
521 60
3926
32.75
44.73
32.97
20.09
19.36
20.54
19.02
3.12
1.89
3.38
1.82
352.40
320.50
358.30
333.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.53
1.13
2.15
1.20
41.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
13:40:00
STDV
0.02
17.21
33.90
0.55
0.45
0.55
0.37
0.09
0.53
0.52
0.63
1 21
0.00
0.00
0 16
0.05
0.02
004
3.43
2.92
4.02
2.93
4.07
289
5.00
3.67
0.23
0.19
0.24
0.18
0.32
0.17
0.45
0.18
0.28
0.21
0.54
0.24
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.31
0.10
0.18
0.10
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Variance
0.15
0.22
0.37
0.44
0.34
0.49
0.30
0.06
0.32
037
041
4 18
0.38
0.00
9.42
3.43
0.51
0.85
0.69
0.58
0.79
0.57
14.07
11 54
14.43
15.98
1.17
0.99
1.21
0.97
19.96
11.57
23.21
13.35
0.08
0.07
0.15
0.07
#DIV/Oi
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
22.17
12.38
10.56
11.34
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
000
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run2-7 - 300BHP 300RPM 7.75/2.75 4.4BTDC PCC A/F62 CAT484/480
Data Point Number: 040199-Run2-7 Date: 04/01/99 Time: 13:40:00
Description Average Win Max STDV Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/lbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVGERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr)- Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
8 S THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%)• Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%)• Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
40.57
12.03
4889
7.74
28.48
0.01438
10944
1828.62
1700.54
4.99
482.86
504.39
62349
532.68
577.80
299.00
299.50
384.86
301 .83
9137.49
98300
2807.12
0.62
59.85
26.67
60.63
31.00
112.05
58.27
3.60
2.25
0.75
0.33
0.00
12.01
12.73
15.80
15.80
223.82
69.24
2.93
2.83
8.09
8.18
6.99
7.03
1791.18
1824.75
1465.15
1248.60
78.29
78.61
38.00
12.03
47.00
7.70
27.00
107.00
1799.00
1682.00
4.85
481.00
499.00
618.00
527.00
57400
299.00
295.00
382.00
297.20
8868.00
983.00
2734.00
0.62
59.42
25.10
60.50
31 00
110.00
57.90
3.03
2.25
0.75
0.33
000
11.38
11.99
15.80
15.80
217.90
6560
2.93
2.83
6.90
7.30
6.00
6.30
1723.50
1724.80
1238.80
1182.50
62.80
69.70
43.00
12.03
49.00
7.78
29.00
112.10
1858.00
1719.00
5.03
484.00
508.00
62700
536.00
581.00
29900
303.00
392.00
306.20
9628.00
983.00
2962.00
0.62
60.20
30.07
60.71
3300
114.00
59.40
3.63
2.25
0.75
0.33
0.00
13.15
14.47
15.80
15.80
229.30
73.00
2.93
2.83
8.10
9.70
7.00
8.20
1915.30
2037.20
1892.70
1358.20
94.50
84.50
0.95
0.00
0.45
0.01
0.88
0.87
8.51
5.85
0.02
1.01
1.49
1.63
1.52
1.41
0.00
1 46
1.78
1.59
99.06
0.00
28.89
0.00
0.23
0.57
0.03
0.06
0.29
0.34
0.08
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.29
0.39
0.00
0.00
2.01
1.20
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.44
0.09
0.34
33.60
48.22
229.24
63.59
10.01
4.47
2.35
000
0.91
0.16
3.07
0.80
0.47
0.34
0.33
0.21
0.29
0.26
029
0.24
000
049
046
0.53
1.08
000
1.03
0.00
038
2.13
0.05
0.21
0.26
0.58
2.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.42
3.07
0.00
0.00
0.90
1.73
0.00
0.00
1.33
5.38
1.28
4.78
1.88
2.64
15.65
5.09
12.79
5.69
-------
Test Description: Run2-7 - 300BHP 300RPM 7.75/2.75 4
Data Point Number: 040199-Run2-7
Description Average
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
13.03
5284.75
6747.32
109.71
116.17
7834
89.91
158.55
164.96
143.19
151.97
32.73
1.68
0.52
0.22
0.35
863
8.89
378.74
373.66
379.45
384.01
37.02
32.18
40.67
27.56
17.78
19.46
18.35
18.58
4.04
2.78
5.80
201
302.35
274.18
307.63
286.63
0.12
0.06
0.14
0.00
4.10
2.05
4.12
1.56
37.39
2500
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
.4BTDC PCC
Date:
Win
12.99
5253.00
6710.00
108.00
114.00
77.00
89.00
157.00
163.00
141.00
150.00
31.00
1.68
0.53
0.22
0.35
8.38
8.38
371 .00
36660
370.50
376.40
28.68
22.73
29.23
19.15
16.46
18.60
16.45
17.80
1.57
1.73
1.90
1.26
301.50
273.50
306.60
285.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.49
1.23
2.29
1.19
37.20
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
A/F62 CAT484/480
04/01/99 Time:
Max STDV
13.07
5310.00
6870.00
110.00
118.00
80.00
92.00
160.00
165.00
145.00
152.00
36.00
1 68
0.53
0.22
035
9.35
10.14
386.00
381.90
388.80
390.40
44 87
40.65
49.98
35.44
18.80
20.14
20.16
19.12
5.91
453
8.01
4.14
302.60
274.60
307.90
286.80
2.73
2.70
1.35
0.00
10.04
8.46
8.62
3.49
37.90
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.01
9.79
31.09
0.70
063
0.66
0.57
0.66
0.27
0.51
0.23
1.42
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.19
029
332
3.53
383
3.18
3.75
401
4.25
3.49
0.48
0.34
0.75
0.26
1.00
090
1.10
067
0.24
022
0.29
0.22
0.46
0.36
0.41
0.00
1.58
1.35
1.62
0.37
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
"' f
13:40:00
Variance
0.11
0.19
0.46
0.64
054
0.84
063
0.42
0.16
0.36
0.15
4.35
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
226
3.26
088
0.95
1 01
083
10 13
12.45
10.45
12.68
268
1.73
4.11
1.39
24.80
32.49
1893
33.42
0.08
008
0.09
0.08
370.11
608.71
293.60
0.00
38.51
65.83
39.45
23.48
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State Universitv: Enaines and Enerav Conversion Laboratorv
Test Description: Run3 - 270BHP 270RPM
Data Point Number: 040199-Run3
Description
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/lbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVGERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%)• Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
C02 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
6.8/2.5 3.9BTDC PCC A/F62
Date: 04/01/99
Average Min
41.52
12.03
49.72
6.80
28.03
0.01492
110.22
1754.41
1601.19
4.30
451.21
462.70
582.56
489.95
54652
269.00
269.61
345.01
271 65
8892 06
964.90
2503.38
062
61.40
20.60
60.89
2407
115.78
62.22
3 11
2.19
0.80
0.33
0.08
12.92
1373
1608
16.30
199.90
71.18
2.67
2.50
8.44
8.56
7.00
6.79
1861.19
1916.40
1349.90
952.85
105.93
97.76
39.00
12.03
47.00
6.75
27.00
107.90
1717.00
1555.00
4.15
448.00
457.00
579.00
486.00
542.00
269.00
266.00
342.00
267.60
8561.00
964.90
2421.00
0.62
61.13
19.12
60.80
2400
114.00
60.60
3.11
2.11
0.80
0.33
0.08
11.82
12.43
16.00
16.20
199.90
67.40
2.62
2.15
8.30
7.30
7.00
5.80
1751.40
1774.60
1302.80
891.90
86.90
90.00
CAT452/447
Time:
Max
45.00
12.03
53.00
6.83
29.00
112.30
1789.00
1640.00
4.36
454.00
467.00
587.00
49400
551.00
269.00
273.00
349.00
276.00
9259.00
96490
2615.00
0.62
61 71
22.78
60.96
2600
118.00
63.20
3.12
2.22
0.82
0 33
0.08
14.26
15.38
16 10
16.60
'199.90
75.50
2.68
2.61
8.80
1040
7.00
8.20
1982.00
2111.40
1396.90
1261.40
13480
148.10
11:35:14
STDV
1.00
0.00
1.50
0.01
1.00
0.73
12.81
19.90
0.02
1.00
2.50
1.67
1.77
1.84
0.00
1.55
2.79
1.61
108.76
0.00
2970
0.00
0.15
0.48
0.03
0.36
1.31
0.59
0.00
005
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.44
0.53
0.04
0.17
0.00
1.33
0.03
0.20
0.22
0.43
0.00
0.29
41.86
51.58
36.14
136.02
13.01
17.77
Variance
2.41
0.00
3.01
0.17
3.57
0.66
0.73
1.24
0.45
022
054
029
0.36
0.34
0.00
058
0.81
0.59
1.22
000
1.19
0.00
0.25
235
004
1 51
1 13
094
0.09
214
1 06
000
000
340
3.85
0.27
1.05
000
1.88
0.96
785
2.66
5.06
O.CO
4.30
2.25
2.69
2.68
14.27
12.29
18.18
-------
Colorado State Universitv: Enaines and Enerav Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run3 - 270BHP 270RPM
Data Point Number: 040199-Run3
Description
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor- Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
6.8/2.5 3.9BTDC PCC A/F62
Date: 04/01/99
Average Min
13.03
5285.78
671-9.39
104.03
11065
75.78
85.68
158.32
164.26
144.66
151.92
29.06
1.34
052
022
0.35
8.22
8.62
391.00
381.22
380.57
390.90
35.58
27.36
4008
26.00
17.52
18.72
18.51
17.93
2.05
1 85
389
1.68
290.19
264.44
294.17
276.69
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
3.52
1.39
3.30
1.38
36.29
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
12.99
5256.00
6640.00
102.00
10900
74.00
85.00
157.00
162.00
142.00
150.00
27.00
1.11
0.51
0.22
035
7.90
7.99
380.90
372.60
371.50
382.90
26.79
1957
3065
16.77
16.54
18.24
16.96
17.34
1.21
1.19
1.52
1.10
289.60
263.80
293.50
276.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.29
0.94
2.45
0.96
36.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
CAT452/447
Time:
Max
13.07
5313.00
6800.00
106.00
113.00
78.00
88.00
160.00
166.00
146.00
153.00
32.00
1.42
0.58
0.22
0.35
8.58
9.64
400.80
38910
392.60
403.00
47.01
36.26
49.80
35.05
18.18
19.30
19.57
18.53
4.20
3.49
6.56
3.43
290.80
265.20
295.10
277.30
0.00
0.00
1.51
0.00
7.24
2.45
5.76
2.44
36.70
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
11:35:14
STDV
0.01
8.64
53.54
0.28
0.52
0.83
0.42
0.88
0.72
0.75
0.86
1.39
0.13
0.03
0.00
0.00
031
0.30
4.39
3.38
4.51
3.29
4.72
3.33
4.47
3.74
0.34
0.25
0.54
0.26
0.77
0.38
1.14
0.50
0.29
0.32
0.39
0.36
0.00
0.00
0.18
0.00
0.83
0.24
0.64
0.25
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Variance
0.10
0.16
0.80
026
0.47
1.10
0.49
0.56
0.44
0.52
0.56
479
9.71
6.27
0.00
0.00
3.76
346
1.12
0.89
1 19
0.84
1328
12 19
11.14
14.39
1.93
1.36
2.91
1.45
37.79
20.65
29.19
29.66
0.10
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.00
0.00
835.37
0.00
23.54
17.55
19.40
17.87
0.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State Universitv: Engines and Enerav Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run4 QC - 110%trq
Data Point Number: 040299-Run4
Description
270RPM 1.3BTDC 8/2.55 PCC CAT524/517
Date: 04/02/99
Average Min Max
Time: 12:14:13
STDV Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Kg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/lbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scth)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B S CO (g/bhp-hr)- Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr). Pre-Catalyst
B S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm)' Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
34.21
12.04
59.69
801
28.59
0.01463
110.22
1787.82
1621.66
5.44
518.04
55049
68095
552.67
627.81
270.00
269.56
447.50
376.51
8102.28
928.90
3284.86
0.61
6370
35.05
6031
41.05
117.26
5008
341
0.65
013
4.23
4.53
7 52
7.70
14.70
14.80
78.70
29.73
3.48
3.33
304.62
315.10
321.47
325.04
1463.54
1477.64
1092.41
1049.49
48.14
4949
32.00
12.04
57.00
7.98
27.00
108.10
1763.00
1598.00
5.40
517.00
548.00
677.00
54900
62400
270.00
267.00
443.00
372.50
7925.00
928.90
3240.00
0.61
63.25
33.99
60.21
41.00
11500
49.50
341
0.65
0.13
4.23
4.46
7.52
7.31
14.70
14.80
77.00
29.00
3.48
3.33
290.50
294.50
307.80
303.90
139850
1355.30
1043.30
959.00
42.90
44.90
37.00
12.04
61.00
8.04
29.00
112.50
1812.00
1666.00
547
520.00
554.00
685.00
555.00
632.00
270.00
27200
451.00
381.20
8248.00
928.90
3337.00
0.61
6428
36.20
60.40
4300
11900
50.60
3.41
0.65
0.13
423
4.98
7.52
8.13
14.70
14.80
81.20
30.70
3.48
3.33
316.30
339.70
331.90
350.50
1535.80
1582.50
1235.30
1135.70
54.80
52.00
0.77
0.00
1.08
001
0.81
0.72
7.88
14.93
0.01
0.85
1.23
1 39
1.13
1.25
0.00
1.56
3.10
2.21
61.10
0.00
1495
0.00
0.27
0.32
0.03
0.30
0.61
0.42
0.00
0.00
000
000
0.17
0.00
0.24
0.00
0.00
0.79
0.27
0.00
0.00
4.61
7.11
5.20
7.48
22.39
34.49
37.95
41.38
5.39
2.20
2.25
0.00
1.81
0.14
2.83
0.65
0.44
0.92
0.24
0.16
0.22
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.00
0.58
0.69
0.59
075
0.00
0.45
0.00
0.42
0.92
0.06
0.73
0.52
0.84
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.86
0.00
3.08
0.00
0.00
1.01
091
0.00
0.00
1.51
2.26
1.62
2.30
1.53
2.33
3.47
3.94
11.20
4.45
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run4 QC - 110%trq 270RPM 1.3BTDC 8/2.55 PCC CAT524/517
Data Point Number: 040299-Run4
Description
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor. Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
Average
16.02
7323.79
8714.81
103.23
108.53
79.25
89.33
157.41
164.98
143.66
154.85
28.80
0.56
0.00
3.67
3.80
5.91
6.27
504.02
499.24
504.88
498.99
2456
18.30
25.49
20.48
1720
17.08
17.24
17.20
1.25
1.14
1.31
1.26
304.94
278.94
308.48
292.56
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.57
0.68
1.62
0.82
38.90
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
Date:
Win
15.97
7297.00
8630.00
101.00
107.00
79.00
88.00
155.00
163.00
142.00
153.00
26.00
0.56
000
3.67
380
5.86
574
49650
493.30
499.80
492.40
17.24
12.93
18.54
15.48
16.81
16.68
16.74
16.80
0.94
0.94
0.99
0.94
304.30
278.40
307.80
292.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.19
0.55
1.25
0.66
38.90
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
04/02799
Max
16.05
7347.00
8780.00
105.00
111.00
82.00
91.00
159.00
165.00
145.00
155.00
32.00
0.56
0.00
367
3.80
6.41
6.48
50990
503.70
510.10
503.80
3577
26.89
3307
26.77
17.84
17.48
17.69
17.63
1.64
1.66
1.69
1.80
305.60
279.70
309.50
293.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.93
0.95
2.03
1.00
39.10
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
Time:
STDV
0.01
7.81
61 39
0.63
0.89
0.51
0.49
0.67
0.18
0.61
0.53
1 43
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.09
301
226
2.76
2.28
3.23
272
3.25
2.86
0.22
0.20
0.23
0.18
0.14
0.15
0.14
0.19
0.31
0.34
0.38
0.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.08
0.16
0.08
002
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
12:14:13
Variance
0.07
0 11
0.70
061
082
0.64
0.54
0.43
0.11
0.42
034
4.96
000
000
000
0.00
250
1.49
060
0.45
055
0.46
13.16
14.86
12.76
13.94
1.27
1.16
1.36
1.03
11.37
12.86
10.84
15.16
0 10
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
9.86
11.80
9.76
9.36
0.06
000
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
000
0,00
0.00
-------
Colorado State Universitv: Enaines and Enerav Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run4 carb 429 - 110%trq 270RPM 1.3BTDC 8/2.55 PCC CAT524/517
Data Point Number: 040299-Run4-429 Date: 04/02/99 Time:
Description Average Win Max STDV
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/lbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
34.12
12.04
56.95
8.01
28.28
0.01448
110.24
1786.78
1633.63
5.44
518.81
551.07
681.21
551.93
627.60
270.00
26953
447.04
376.70
8089.26
928.62
3282.27
060
64.50
35.04
60.36
41.04
118.21
5043
3.41
0.65
0.13
4.47
4.58
7.47
7.63
14.56
1473
78.16
30.78
3.44
3.36
305.98
318.78
325.90
329.20
1464.67
1476.56
1146.21
1048.90
47.90
50.52
31.00
12.04
55.00
7.97
27.00
108.10
1758.00
1597.00
537
517.00
549.00
677.00
549.00
624.00
270.00
267.00
443.00
372.50
7925.00
928.50
3237.00
0.60
64 10
33.96
60.22
41 00
116.00
49.60
3.41
065
013
4.23
4.43
7.45
7.32
14.50
14.70
77.00
2960
3.42
3.33
292.50
296.30
312.90
306.30
1399.70
1368.00
1074.90
940.10
41.80
43.50
37.00
12.04
59.00
8.07
2900
112.50
1813.00
1667.00
5.48
520.00
555.00
686.00
556.00
631.00
270.00
272.00
451.00
381.50
8249.00
928.90
3326.00
061
6483
35.91
60.47
43.00
120.00
50.60
341
065
0.13
458
4.96
7.52
8.21
14.70
1480
79.60
32.10
348
3.37
315.80
339.70
337.50
351.30
1530.90
1573.60
1235.30
1155.80
55.90
57.50
0.83
0.00
0.80
0.01
0.96
0.74
8.08
14.49
0.01
068
1.14
1.34
1.21
1.35
0.00
1.58
3.01
221
61.06
0.19
1434
000
017
0.31
0.04
0.27
0.56
0.17
0.00
0.00
000
0.16
0.15
003
0.19
0.09
0.05
0.48
058
0.03
002
3.81
6.42
4.15
6.70
20.10
31.77
57.32
52.33
4.48
3.23
12:48:00
Variance
2.44
0.00
1.41
0.16
3.40
0.67
0.45
0.89
0.25
0.13
0.21
020
0.22
0.21
0.00
0.59
0.67
0.59
0.75
002
0.44
0.23
0.26
0.89
0.07
0.65
0.48
0.34
0.00
000
0.00
3.62
3.17
0.43
2.53
0.64
031
0.61
1.89
0.81
0.55
1.24
2.01
1.27
2.03
1.37
2.15
5.00
4.99
9.35
6.39
-------
Test Description: Run4 carb 429 - 1 10%trq 270RPM 1.3BTDC 8/2.55 PCC CAT524/517
Data Point Number: 040299-Run4~429 Date: 04/02/99 Time:
Description Average Min Max STDV
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor- Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor- Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.02
7327.00
8706.06
105.55
112.16
80.12
90.08
157.43
164.99
143.31
154.58
28.94
054
0.00
3.68
375
5.91
6.32
50477
49943
504 19
49919
2446
1808
2533
2043
17 13
17.04
17.22
17.16
1.22
1 15
1 32
1.24
30488
27889
307.98
292.58
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
1.58
0.67
1.60
0.81
3890
25.00
120.00
25.00
12000
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
15.98
7296.00
8630.00
104.00
109.00
78.00
90.00
155.00
163.00
142.00
153,00
26.00
0.53
0.00
3.67
372
5.89
5.76
495.40
491.80
498.40
492.50
16.93
12.55
16.70
12.87
16.62
16.48
16.69
16.74
0.84
0.80
1.01
0.78
304.00
278.10
307.50
291.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.15
0.46
1.20
0.64
38.70
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.05
7350.00
8780.00
106.00
114.00
82.00
92.00
159,00
165.00
146.00
155.00
3200
0.56
0.00
3.69
3.80
5.92
6.48
512.70
506.00
510.00
507.30
35.53
2877
37.16
30.49
1777
17.63
17.65
17.60
1.68
1.62
1.77
1.71
305.50
27970
308.70
293.40
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.99
0.89
1.98
1.00
38.90
25.00
120.00
2500
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.01
7.74
57.48
0.83
1.28
0.72
0.40
0.71
0.14
0.74
0.81
1.37
001
0.00
0.01
004
0.01
0.10
296
247
2.87
2.63
3.22
2.86
3.55
306
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.21
0.15
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.31
0.32
0.28
035
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.16
0.07
0.14
0.08
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
**« J
12:48:00
Variance
0.07
0.11
0.66
0.79
1.14
0.89
0.45
0.45
009
0.51
053
4.73
2.49
0.00
0 18
1.00
0 18
1.65
0.59
049
0.57
0.53
13.14
1580
14.03
14.97
1.22
1.20
1.09
1.24
12.16
14.82
12 13
13.20
0.10
0 12
009
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
10.13
11.13
8.93
9.54
002
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 5 - 440BHP
Data Point Number: 033199-Run5
Description
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/lbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVGERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr)- Pre-Catalyst
B.S CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S NOx (g/bhp-hr) Pre-Catalyst
B.S NOx (g/bhp-hr)- Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
C02 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
300RPM 2.8BTDC 15
Date:
Average
67.96
12.01
12.97
15.08
34.53
0.01470
110.59
2168.43
2111.39
11.71
536.96
556.47
679.82
567.55
637.36
300.00
29954
52254
441 49
7996.98
96490
3659 09
062
83.28
47.25
59.34
45.09
129.74
54.04
4.61
0.78
0.00
0.91
0.99
549
5.99
15.10
15.20
113.61
38.74
3.51
3.39
41.34
45.72
39.86
44.38
1026.13
1063.43
789.56
880.39
59.37
86.90
.09/3.39 A/F54
03/31/99
Min
66.00
12.01
11.00
15.02
32.00
10860
2129.00
2092.00
11.52
53500
552.00
675.00
564.00
634.00
300.00
29700
519.00
43510
7824 00
964.90
3613.00
062
83.04
46.10
59.25
45.00
128.00
53.00
4.61
078
000
091
0.99
547
598
15.10
15.20
111.80
37.10
3.51
3.39
39.40
42.00
38.40
40.70
989.90
1009.20
743.60
879.20
53.20
84.40
CAT539/534
Time:
Max
71.00
12.01
13.00
15.13
36.00
112.80
2200.00
2135.00
11.82
537.00
559.00
683.00
571.00
640.00
300.00
302.00
531.00
44770
8285.00
964.90
3748.00
0.62
83.55
48.67
59.40
47.00
132.00
54.10
4.61
078
0.00
0.91
0.99
6.00
7.13
15.10
15.20
117.50
41.40
3.51
3.39
4390
52.50
41.90
51.00
1116.90
1265.70
808.20
880.40
67.60
88.30
16:00:00
STDV
0.95
0.00
0.26
0.02
1.09
0.71
9.93
6.21
0.04
0.28
1.33
1.44
1.21
1.17
000
1.56
3.11
247
55.08
0.00
1532
0.00
0 14
0.41
0.03
042
0.77
0.16
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.08
0.07
0.00
0.00
1.12
0.67
0.00
000
0.78
1.55
0.72
1.53
14.40
19.79
23.16
0.11
501
1.25
Variance
140
0.00
2.00
0.12
3.17
065
0.46
0.29
0.31
0.05
0.24
0.21
0.21
0 18
000
052
0.60
0.56
0.69
000
042
0.00
0 17
0.87
005
092
0.59
0.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.39
1 19
0.00
0.00
0.98
1.73
0.00
0.00
1.90
3.38
1.80
3.44
1.40
1.86
2.93
0.01
8.45
1.44
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 5 - 440BHP 300RPM 2.8BTDC 15.09/3.39 A/F54 CAT539/534
Data Point Number: 033199-Run5
Description
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor- Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor. Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
Date:
Average
16.61
7730.59
9159.94
131.26
137.29
114.00
125.87
156.12
164.39
141.93
152.34
29.13
0.78
0.22
0.90
0.95
5.46
572
510.27
514.38
504.79
530.94
33.43
27.54
36.89
25.96
18.97
18.43
19.57
17.76
1.83
1.53
2.22
1.35
370.21
33598
375.60
350.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.71
0.89
2.13
0.96
40.44
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
03/31/99
Min
16.53
7676.00
9100.00
130.00
135.00
114.00
124.00
155.00
162.00
14000
152.00
27.00
0.78
0.23
0.90
0.95
5.44
5.71
498.60
509.70
495.70
524.40
27.87
17.23
27.22
17.39
18.04
1794
1874
17.45
1.25
1.13
1.39
1.01
369.00
335.20
374.50
349.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.27
0.65
1.40
0.75
40.20
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
Time:
Max
16.67
7771.00
9310.00
133.00
140.00
11400
128.00
158.00
167.00
143.00
154.00
32.00
0.78
0.23
0.90
0.95
5.99
6.82
521.80
519.70
514.20
536.60
41.07
36.12
60.24
32.74
19.56
18.81
20.12
18.31
3.97
2.10
4.33
1.79
370.90
336.30
376.30
350.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.80
1.19
4.70
1.17
40.80
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16:00:00
STDV
0.02
14.17
52.34
0.57
0.70
0.00
0.51
0.99
0.74
0.63
0.75
1.33
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.06
453
211
4.29
2.69
3.39
3.80
567
3.55
0.27
0.16
0.31
0.18
0.52
0.18
0.70
0.17
0.39
0.30
0.38
0.33
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.29
0.11
0.40
0.09
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Variance
0.12
0.18
0.57
0.44
0.51
0.00
0.41
0.64
0.45
045
0.50
4.56
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.85
1.10
0.89
041
0.85
051
10.13
1381
15.37
13.67
1 41
0.90
1.58
0.99
28.64
11.89
31 70
1270
0.11
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
17.19
11.83
18.66
9.87
0.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Enaines and Enerav Conversion Laboratorv
Test Description: Run 6 - 440BHP 300RPM 1.8BTDC 12.01/2.7 A/F54
Data Point Number: 033199-Run6 Date: 03/31/99
Description Average Min
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY {%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/lbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVGERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfti)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
B S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr). Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
62.84
12.01
16.24
12.01
29.64
0.01352
11024
1848.22
1800.07
9.31
567.25
616.50
742.39
61444
70274
30000
299.39
519.59
441.50
7965.48
964.90
3643.92
0.62
82.58
46.81
59.35
45.29
133.39
4560
4.08
0.62
0.00
2.70
2.76
4.22
4.54
14.34
14.17
83.74
30.65
3.90
3.71
203.59
200.12
226.44
229.27
942.00
953.53
686.52
666.04
51.09
56.24
60.00
12.01
15.00
11.95
28.00
107.70
1819.00
1784.00
9.21
567.00
612.00
738.00
611.00
699.00
300.00
297.00
51500
435.60
7837.00
964.90
3599 00
0.62
82.10
45.76
59.25
45.00
132.00
44.70
3.59
0.61
0.00
2.68
2.70
419
4.52
14.20
14.10
82.40
29.50
3.88
3.68
191.90
180.90
212.90
207.30
911.80
911.90
662.00
640.00
47.10
54.60
CAT574/567
Time:
Max
66.00
12.01
17.00
12.06
30.00
112.50
1874.00
1820.00
941
569.00
62000
748.00
61700
707.00
300.00
302.00
536.00
448.70
8095.00
964.90
3690.00
0.62
83.17
47.93
59.44
47.00
136.00
46.10
4.12
0.63
0.00
2.71
293
4.23
4-.S5
14.40
14.20
84.60
31.80
3.94
3.79
215.00
224.70
240.40
257.50
970.40
1000.30
726.50
741.50
56.90
61.20
18:05:00
STDV
1.09
0.00
0.97
0.02
0.77
0.73
9.45
5.56
0.04
0.66
1.43
1.58
1.21
1.39
0.00
1.49
4.05
2.41
48.39
000
1510
000
0.24
0.39
0.04
0.71
0.79
0.32
0.13
0.01
0.00
0.01
010
0.02
0.01
0.09
0.04
0.56
0.40
0.03
0.05
5.40
7.35
6.04
8.59
10.38
14.72
28.57
32.36
3.55
2.04
Variance
1.74
0.00
5.98
0.13
2.58
0.66
0.51
0.31
0.39
0 12
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.20
0.00
0.50
0.78
0.55
0.61
000
0.41
0.00
0.29
0.84
0.06
1.56
0.59
0.69
3.14
1.44
0.00
0.50
3.74
0.43
0.30
0.63
0.32
0.67
1.29
0.69
1.33
2.65
3.68
2.67
3.75
1.10
1.54
4.16
4.86
6.95
3.62
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 6 - 440BHP 300RPM 1.8BTDC 12.01/2.7 A/F54
Data Point Number: 0331 99-Run6 Date: 03/31/99
Description Average Win
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor. Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.60
7727.01
9107.39
132.74
139.11
112.21
123.09
155.04
164.12
14241
154.03
28.90
0.28
0.22
2.82
2.68
440
4.39
52364
511 95
522.33
517.41
2502
21.79
27.79
21.42
17.92
17.93
18.28
17.81
1.34
1.34
1.52
1.26
340.67
310.34
346.89
323.53
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.94
0.67
1.66
0.87
40.69
2500
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
2500
120.00
16.53
7671.00
9020.00
131.00
138.00
110.00
120.00
154.00
162.00
140.00
154.00
27.00
0.28
0.23
2.79
261
4.35
4.38
516.30
507.00
513.60
510.30
17.22
13.63
20.41
13.76
17.45
17.48
1778
17.34
1.06
1 04
1.14
0.98
339.80
309.70
344.30
322.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.70
0.49
1.24
0.74
40.50
25.00
120.00
25.00
12000
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
CAT574/567
Time:
Max
16.71
7801.00
9390.00
134.00
141.00
114.00
124.00
156.00
165.00
145.00
156.00
32.00
028
0.23
284
2.87
441
4.39
531.30
519.40
52940
524.40
37.82
2878
36.23
29.56
18.57
18.45
18.94
18.24
1.75
1.76
2.04
1.82
341.20
31070
35850
323.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.29
0.88
3.16
1.03
40.90
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
18:05:00
STDV
0.03
17.40
70.50
0.46
0.47
0.98
1.00
0.94
0.80
0.73
0.24
1.37
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.11
003
0.00
300
2.33
3.35
3.14
3.48
2.98
3.87
3.28
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.18
0.16
0.16
0.19
0.15
0.33
0.25
3.34
0.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.08
0.35
0.08
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Variance
0.15
0.23
0.77
0.35
0.34
0.88
081
0.60
049
0.51
0.16
4.73
0.00
0.00
0.68
4.25
0.66
0.08
0.57
046
064
061
13.89
13.67
13.94
15.29
1.11
1.12
1.17
1.03
11.67
1210
12.52
12.11
0.10
0.08
0.96
009
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
12.73
12.04
21.22
8.93
016
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratoty
Test Description: Run8 - 380BHP 270RPM 12.87/2.81 2
Data Point Number: 033199-Run8 Date:
Description Average
6BTDC PCC A/F55 CAT503/498
03/31/99 Time: 23:35:14
Win Max STDV Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLO PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (IMb^
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVGERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%). Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%)• Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected)- Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
49.35
12.01
43.93
12.87
34.18
0.01511
109.87
1968.02
1843.07
10.06
499.56
51777
641.02
532.71
605.01
270.00
269.64
44866
37836
8000.36
964.90
3136.27
0.62
76.39
33.82
60.03
35 14
129.01
55.03
3.68
1 45
0.56
0.00
0.50
7.09
7.50
15.60
15.40
120.81
41.02
3.26
2.96
33.36
36.74
29.87
33.71
1307.19
1298.20
948.11
894.39
68.76
84.32
47.00
12.01
43.00
12.80
34.00
107.40
1939.00
1825.00
9.92
498.00
514.00
63800
53000
602.00
270.00
267.00
444.00
373.90
7802.00
964.90
3092.00
062
75.07
32.82
59.95
35.00
127.00
54.70
368
1.45
0.56
0.00
0.50
6.95
7.18
15.60
15.40
118.30
39.20
3.26
2.96
31.50
33.80
28.50
31.00
1264.60
1222.40
842.30
845.40
62.70
78.50
52.00
12.01
45.00
12.95
36.00
111.80
2000.00
1867.00
10.18
502.00
522.00
645.00
536.00
608.00
270.00
273.00
452.00
383.00
8190.00
964.90
3222.00
0.62
77.62
35.19
60.12
37.00
131.00
55.79
3.68
1.45
0.56
0.00
0.50
7.51
8.01
15.60
1540
123.90
43.50
3.26
2.96
35.20
41.20
31.40
37.80
1342.70
1368.80
995.90
961.40
76.20
92.50
0.89
0.00
1.00
0.02
0.58
0.75
9.59
5.86
0.04
0.59
1.03
1.46
1.08
1.24
0.00
1.69
3.23
2.32
61.38
000
15.90
0.00
0.76
0.36
0.03
051
034
0.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.23
0.21
0.00
0.00
1.11
0.67
0.00
0.00
0.75
1.12
0.64
1.04
14.81
24.76
49.79
41.06
4.30
4.42
1.80
000
2.27
0.17
1.68
0.68
0.49
0.32
0.41
0.12
0.20
0.23
0.20
020
000
0.63
0.72
0.61
0.77
0.00
0.51
0.00
1.00
1.06
0.05
1.45
0.26
0.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.31
2.84
0.00
0.00
0.92
1.63
0.00
0.00
2.24
3.05
2.13
3.08
1.13
1.91
5.25
459
6.25
5.24
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run8 - 380BHP 270RPM 12.87/2.81 2
Data Point Number: 033199-Run8 Date:
Description Average
.6BTDC PCC A/F55 CAT503/498
03/31/99 Time: 23:35:14
Min Max STDV Variance
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor- Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor- Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor- Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.07
7359.67
873613
123.02
126.38
93.57
103.13
157.13
164.53
143 60
15380
25.35
1.41
022
005
0.33
6.34
628
498 12
49500
501.09
51587
32.15
24,16
34.27
23.90
18.29
17.89
18.55
17.19
1.58
1 38
1.71
1.29
347.88
317.04
351.54
332.83
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.97
0.89
2.00
0.92
38.03
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.03
7325.00
8650.00
121.00
124.00
91.00
103.00
155.00
163.00
142.00
152.00
2300
1 41
0.23
0.06
0.33
634
6.11
489.10
484.40
489.80
507.00
24.38
17.66
24.85
16.82
17.59
17.39
17.96
16.81
1.17
1.09
1.24
1.02
347.20
316.30
351.00
332.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.42
0.68
1.48
0.72
37.90
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.10
7384.00
8810.00
125.00
129.00
95.00
105.00
159.00
165.00
14600
155.00
28.00
1.41
0.23
0.06
0.33
6.34
6.71
505.40
502.90
512.20
523.00
43.75
31.87
46.00
29.71
18.76
18.59
19.19
17.60
2.94
1.84
3.42
1.82
348.50
317.70
352.20
333.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.13
1.18
2.70
1.25
38.30
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.01
7.86
64.73
0.75
1.19
0.66
0.50
0.78
0.85
0.65
0.80
1.27
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.23
3.88
3.48
4.28
273
4.24
3.15
4.63
2.70
0.26
0.27
0.25
0.19
0.24
0.16
0.38
0.15
0.34
0.37
0.30
0.38
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.29
0.10
0.24
0.10
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.11
0.74
0.61
0.94
0.70
0.48
0.50
0.52
0.45
052
5.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.60
078
0.70
085
053
13.18
13.03
1350
11.28
1.41
1.50
1 32
1.11
15.26
11.21
22.52
11.97
0 10
0.12
0.09
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1487
11.77
12.10
11.26
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State Universitv: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratorv
Test Description: Run 8a - 380BHP 270RPM 2.6BTDC 12.87/2.81 PCC A/F55 CAT505/500
Data Point Number: 040299-RunSa
Description
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (Ibw/lb/d
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE fHg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scth)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE f'H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B S CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr). Post-Catalyst
B S NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr). Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%). Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%). Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Average
33.32
12.04
55.94
1287
34.01
001529
110.51
2050.22
1841 18
10.06
502.03
52063
642.03
533.26
601.11
270.00
26949
451.91
37744
8122.04
928.50
3301.64
060
6496
3548
60.34
4200
118.80
56.75
4.23
1 16
0.00
0.00
0.50
801
8.51
15.40
15.50
118 10
45.43
299
2.92
28.86
33.10
26.54
29.96
1376.31
1420.95
1087.22
1014.78
40.75
44.16
Date:
Min
31.00
12.04
53.00
12.80
31.00
108.10
2022.00
1819.00
9.98
500.00
518.00
638.00
531 .00
598.00
270.00
263.00
448.00
371 40
7943.00
928.50
3250.00
060
64.53
3427
60.24
42.00
117.00
56.00
3.62
1.16
0.00
000
050
7.54
7.98
1540
15.50
114.70
43.70
2.99
2.92
27.40
30.30
25.40
27.40
1315.90
1326.90
1043.30
940.10
31.20
40.20
04/02/99
Max
36.00
12.04
57.00
12.94
35.00
113.00
2081.00
186900
10.12
50400
525.00
646.00
537.00
605.00
270.00
273.00
456.00
382.10
8395.00
928.50
3361 .00
060
65.43
37.90
60.43
42.00
121.00
57.29
433
1.16
0.00
0.00
0.50
8.30
9.72
15.40
15.50
122.40
49.10
2.99
2.92
30.00
37.50
27.40
34.00
1458.00
1610.90
1138.10
1096.60
55.30
46.90
Time:
STDV
0.83
0.00
1.07
0.02
1.07
0.78
9.99
9.60
0.02
0.31
1.25
1.31
1.15
1.30
0.00
1.72
2.97
2.35
67.69
0.00
1776
0.00
0.28
0.40
0.03
0.00
0.61
0.53
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.25
0.00
0.00
1.29
0.82
0.00
0.00
0.54
1.05
0.49
0.95
23.84
33.70
37.64
47.01
646
1.94
16:32:00
Variance
2.50
0.00
1.91
0.14
3.15
070
0.49
0.52
0.21
0.06
0.24
0.20
0.22
0.22
0.00
0.64
0.66
0.62
083
000
0.54
0.00
043
1.14
0.05
000
0.51
0.93
2.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.86
291
0.00
0.00
1.09
1.81
0.00
0.00
1.87
316
1.83
3.18
1.73
2.37
346
4.63
15.84
4.39
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratorv
Test Description: Run 8a - 380BHP 270RPM 2.6BTDC 12.87/2.81 PCC A/F55 CAT505/500
Data Point Number: 040299-Run8a Date: 04/02/99 Time:
Description Average Win Max STDV
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor- Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor. Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDERS LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.04
7341 .82
8800.89
107.59
114.67
80.00
90.34
157.38
164.77
142.25
152.02
29.15
0.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.49
6.84
48443
493.14
484.36
497.73
39.33
25.89
39.24
26.56
19.25
18.47
19.58
18.39
2.24
1.51
2.45
1 47
352.04
320.78
355.42
336.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.98
095
2.36
1.01
38.91
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
15.98
7316.00
8720.00
106.00
113.00
78.00
89.00
155.00
162.00
141.00
15200
27.00
0.95
000
000
0.00
649
6.72
474.50
485.80
476.70
492.10
29.09
1898
30.29
17.86
17.89
17.83
18.89
17.98
1.44
1 13
1.41
1.06
351.10
319.90
354.90
335.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.12
0.75
1.79
0.77
38.80
25.00
12000
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.08
7365.00
8880.00
108.00
115.00
80.00
92.00
160.00
166.00
14400
154.00
32.00
0.95
000
0.00
0.00
6.49
7.82
49340
500.60
495.70
507.80
51.42
3359
48.60
33.60
19.98
19.07
20.43
18.83
500
2.01
5.26
1.95
352.70
321.50
35610
337.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.37
1.21
4.08
1.23
39.50
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.01
8.60
59.58
0.54
0.74
0.09
0.54
0.55
0.63
0.67
0.22
1.27
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
352
3.17
4.29
315
4.77
367
4.74
3.66
0.34
0.23
0.31
0.22
0.77
0.19
087
0.21
0.34
0.34
0.30
0.38
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.80
0.12
0.40
0.11
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
16:32:00
Variance
0.08
0.12
0.68
0.50
0.65
0.11
0.60
0.35
0.38
0.47
0 14
437
0.00
000
000
000
000
1.59
073
064
089
0.63
12.14
14 18
1207
13.78
1 76
1.26
1.61
1.22
3413
12.85
3558
1400
0 10
011
0.09
0.11
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
26.76
12 11
16.90
10.49
017
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run8-b - 380BHP 270RPM 2.6BTDC 12.87/2.81 PCC A/F55 CAT505/499
Data Point Number: 040199-Run8-b
Description
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/lbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr). Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected). Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Average
32.45
12.04
61.97
12.87
33.34
0.01498
110.51
2051 88
1850.30
10.06
501.97
521 19
641.93
533.16
601.21
270.00
269.52
451 80
376.94
8142.01
928.50
3304.72
0.60
64.59
3554
60.33
42.00
118.87
56.86
4.12
1 16
0.00
0.00
0.50
8.00
8.54
15.40
15.50
118.51
46.36
2.99
2.92
28.76
33.25
26.56
30.09
1379.96
1425.68
1152.91
1031.04
41 43
41.28
Date:
Min
29.00
12.04
57.00
12.76
31.00
107.70
2020.00
1816.00
9.82
500.00
518.00
639.00
529.00
59800
270.00
266.00
448.00
372.20
7904.00
928.50
3243.00
0.60
64.07
34.17
60.19
42.00
11600
56.00
3.58
1.16
0.00
0.00
0.50
7.61
8.02
15.40
15.50
114.70
44.40
2.99
2.92
27.40
30.00
25.40
27.20
1320.70
1344.50
1043.30
940.10
31.20
35.90
04/02/99
Max
35.00
12.04
69.00
12.96
35.00
112.80
2079.00
1902.00
10.16
504.00
526.00
646.00
537.00
606.00
270.00
27300
456.00
383.60
8466.00
928.50
3394.00
0.60
65.40
37.35
60.44
42.00
121.00
57.40
4.39
1.16
0.00
0.00
0.50
8.63
10.02
1540
15.50
122.40
49.20
2.99
2.92
30.00
38.40
27.90
34.70
1487.20
1670.60
1235.30
1135.70
56.40
46.90
Time:
STDV
1.07
0.00
3.58
0.02
0.85
0.78
9.54
23.24
0.03
0.64
1.73
1.29
1.37
1.63
0.00
1.71
3.27
2.33
70.15
0.00
19.45
0.00
0.41
0.43
0.04
0.00
0.86
051
0.16
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.17
0.23
0.00
0.00
1.14
0.77
0.00
0.00
0.57
1.07
0.51
0.96
23.01
33.12
59.10
52.91
6.98
2.70
17:05:00
Variance
3.30
0.00
5.78
0.16
2.56
0.71
0.46
1.26
0.27
0.13
0.33
0.20
0.26
0.27
0.00
0.63
0.72
0.62
0.86
0.00
0.59
0.00
0.64
1.22
0.07
0.00
073
089
3.77
0.00
0.00
000
000
2.16
2.70
0.00
0.00
0.96
1.67
0.00
0.00
1.97
3.21
1.93
3.20
1.67
2.32
5.13
5.13
16.84
6.55
-------
Test Description: Run8-b - 380BHP 270RPM 2.6BTDC 12.87/2.81 PCC A/F55 CAT505/499
Data Point Number: 0401 99-Run8-b Date: 04/02/99 Time:
Description Average Min Max STDV
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor- Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.04
7340.33
8799.59
107.78
114.35
79.89
90.54
157.32
164.65
142.36
152.01
29.08
0.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
648
6.90
482.44
49336
48540
49831
39.80
25.83
38.81
2603
19.25
18.45
1954
18.35
2.56
1.52
241
1.43
352.21
321.05
355.76
336.74
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.02
0.96
2.34
1.01
38.93
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.00
7311.00
8720.00
106.00
112.00
78.00
89.00
155.00
163.00
140.00
152.00
27.00
0.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.45
6.50
473.50
486.90
47540
490.70
26.84
18.12
27.24
18.38
18.36
17.86
18.33
17.72
1.41
1.05
1.30
1.07
351.40
320.30
355.10
335.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.07
0.66
1.69
0.70
38.70
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.08
7374.00
8880.00
110.00
115.00
82.00
92.00
159.00
166.00
144.00
154.00
32.00
0.95
0.00
0.00
000
7.01
8.08
493.30
500.10
49530
509.30
5293
36.04
56.42
34.05
20.10
18.95
20.36
18.84
4.52
2.25
5.94
1.90
353.20
322.10
356.50
337.90
1.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
11.33
1.42
3.62
1.28
39.20
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.01
9.30
64.00
0.59
0.94
0.56
0.69
080
0.60
0.68
0.16
1.26
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.09
0 19
3.97
2.89
4.14
3.26
5.12
3.42
5.87
3.51
0.30
0.21
0.32
0.24
0.86
0.21
0.85
0.18
0.37
0.39
0.32
0.43
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.94
0.12
0.35
0.12
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
•**• J
17:05:00
Variance
0.08
0.13
0.73
0.54
0.82
0.70
0.76
0.51
0.37
0.48
0.10
4.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.46
2.79
082
059
0.85
0.65
12.86
13.23
15.12
13.48
1.58
1.13
1.63
1.30
33.75
13.53
35.25
12.59
0.11
0.12
0.09
0.13
1108.49
0.00
0.00
0.00
31.21
12.98
15.10
11.51
0.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Test Description: Run9-a - 440BHP 300RPM 1 .8BTDC 1 1 .8/2.75 PCC
Data Point Number: 040199-Run9-a Date:
Description Average Min
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/lbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm}
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S CO (g/bhp-hr)- Post-Catalyst
B.S NOx (g/bhp-hr). Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B S THC (g/bhp-hr)- Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%)• Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%)• Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm) Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm)- Post-Catalyst
30.95
12.03
49.82
11.83
5.52
0.00142
91.59
1900.12
1783.65
9.13
547.76
597,15
724.33
595.22
678.38
299.00
29943
519.89
441.39
8070.36
982.20
3627.13
0.64
65.53
45.78
59.74
49.23
114.43
48.91
3.95
1.08
0.50
1 50
1.61
4.76
5.26
14.50
14.60
84.22
29.97
3.29
3.26
122.35
131.73
132.94
140.62
963.99
1002.78
797.00
698.35
31.38
28.49
28.00
12.03
49.00
11.73
4.00
86.80
1866.00
1764.00
9.02
540.00
587.00
715.00
590.00
669.00
299.00
297.00
517.00
43570
7932 00
982.20
3586.00
0.64
65.11
44.76
59.68
49.00
113.00
48.40
3.59
1.08
0.50
1.03
1.11
4.74
5.26
14.50
14.60
81.90
28.70
3.29
3.26
9810
107.20
105.80
113.20
940.60
967.30
776.80
677.90
26.40
26.30
90AMT CAT537/527
04/01/99 Time:
Max STDV
33.00
12.03
53.00
11.91
6.00
94.20
1934.00
1810.00
9.20
551.00
602.00
729.00
600.00
68300
299.00
302.00
528.00
447.40
8191.00
982.20
3679.00
0.64
65.94
4677
59.83
51.00
116.00
49.29
4.33
1.08
0.50
1.53
1.62
5.26
5.26
14.50
1460
86.70
31.00
3.29
3.26
136.00
149.20
146.70
159.40
994.00
1060.10
80820
717.40
40.10
34.40
0.71
0.00
1.03
0.02
0.86
1.56
9.31
6.70
0.02
2.38
2.24
2.59
1.55
2.47
0.00
1 47
3.32
2.45
49.12
0.00
15.07
0.00
027
0.40
0.02
0.64
1.01
0.39
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.07
0.09
000
0.00
0.00
1.05
0.43
0.00
0.00
7.26
7.32
7.92
8.10
901
14.26
14.57
17.07
4.18
1.90
23:55:00
Variance
2.28
0.00
2.07
0.15
15.52
1.70
0.49
0.38
0.24
0.43
0.37
036
026
0.36
0.00
0.49
0.64
056
0.61
0.00
0.42
0.00
0.42
0.87
0.04
1.30
0.89
0.80
476
0.00
0.00
763
4.11
1.88
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.25
143
0.00
0.00
5.93
5.56
5.96
5.76
0.94
1.42
1.83
2.44
13.31
6.66
-------
Test Description: Run9-a - 440BHP 300RPM 1.8BTDC 11.8/2.75 PCC
Data Point Number: 040199-Run9-a Date:
Description Average Min
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (tt-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor- Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor- Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor- Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.60
7727.98
9110.99
114.95
121.21
8457
9591
156.59
16492
14380
153.95
2941
1.10
0.51
1.52
1.65
5 15
494
521.45
511.07
53482
51354
24.56
22.26
25 18
22.37
18.02
18 15
1776
18.02
1.29
1 31
1.30
1.26
348 58
317.12
353.88
33047
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.98
0.71
1.38
0.83
42.02
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.53
7677.00
9050.00
113.00
119.00
83.00
95.00
154.00
16300
142.00
152.00
28.00
1.10
0.51
1.04
1.13
5.15
4.94
509.90
501.20
527.20
506.40
1871
15.62
17.57
16.04
17.61
17.77
17.48
17.63
0.99
0.96
1.05
0.85
347.30
316.00
352.50
329.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.76
0.56
1.21
0.63
41.70
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
^••.^•^•^•i — >.^^i^i.>
90AMT CAT537/527
04/01/99 Time:
Max STDV
16.68
7781.00
9260.00
115.00
122.00
86.00
97.00
159.00
167.00
146.00
154.00
32.00
1.10
051
1.56
1.66
5.15
4.94
528.20
517.10
544.00
521.90
31 18
30.26
31.77
28.70
18.68
18.63
18.25
18.46
1 63
1 65
1.59
1.61
349.50
317.80
355.40
331.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.26
0.92
1.66
0.98
42.40
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.03
21.31
57.62
0.32
0.72
0.63
1.00
0.80
0.58
0.75
0.30
1.26
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.07
0.00
0.00
4.20
324
3.40
274
279
3.11
3.11
3.24
0.22
0.20
0.19
0.20
0.12
0.14
0.13
0.15
0.48
0.39
0.56
0.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.08
0.10
0.08
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
£iJL
23:55:00
Variance
0.19
0.28
0.63
0.28
0.60
0.75
1.04
0.51
0.35
0.52
0.20
4.30
000
0.00
8.15
4.13
0.00
0.00
0.81
0.63
064
0.53
11.37
1397
12.36
14.48
1.22
1.09
1.08
1.11
9.52
1094
9 81
11.59
0.14
0.12
0 16
0.12
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
12.32
11.71
7.45
9.51
0.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: RunIO-440BHP
Data Point Number: 040199-RunlO
Description
300RPM 13.24/2.99 1.8BTDC PCC 130AMT CAT565/556
Date: 04/01/99 Time: 20:50:00
Average Min Max STDV Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/lbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
B.S CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr)- Post-Catalyst
B S THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr)- Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
02 (%). Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected)- Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm). Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
31.49
12.03
52.62
13.24
19.00
0.01454
130.05
2069.14
1857.54
10.25
55842
601.84
738.62
598.10
685.63
299.00
299.52
518.32
441.60
8170.16
98220
3672 80
0.64
6407
46.89
59.70
51.00
114.04
4929
4.37
0.68
0.00
2.15
2.19
495
5.19
14.63
14.63
83.80
29.18
3.66
3.53
14827
155.68
154.85
162.36
964.57
1005.80
765.24
717.95
28.35
28.25
29.00
12.03
51.00
13.19
19.00
127.60
2029.00
1835 00
10.19
556.00
598.00
735.00
595.00
680.00
299.00
297.00
516.00
436.00
8050.00
982.20
3636.00
0.64
62.21
4590
59.61
51.00
113.00
4850
3.70
0.65
0.00
2.13
2.15
4.89
5.17
14.40
14.40
82.50
28.20
3.60
353
139.10
137.40
145.70
143.40
935.80
954.60
744.20
697.00
22.60
26.30
34.00
12.03
55.00
13.28
19.00
132.00
2105.00
1885.00
10.31
560.00
60500
741.00
602.00
690.00
299.00
302.00
526.00
447.30
8297.00
982.20
3707.00
0.64
65.08
47.85
5978
51.00
116.00
50.10
4.41
079
0.00
2.15
2.30
5.16
5.20
14.70
14.70
85.80
30.10
3.84
3.54
158.10
171.00
165.60
178.90
998.90
1065.90
776.80
756.80
35.10
30.30
0.97
0.00
0.94
0.02
0.00
0.77
11.09
6.47
002
073
1.32
1.48
1.37
1.55
0.00
1 54
2.29
2.42
50.61
0.00
13.63
0.00
0.72
0.38
0.03
0.00
041
0.07
003
0.06
0.00
001
0.06
0.11
0.01
013
0.13
0.67
0.35
010
0.00
428
5.43
4.62
5.84
11.98
17.95
15.59
19.90
4.62
1.56
3.09
0.00
1.78
0.12
0.00
0.60
0.54
0.35
0.18
0 13
0.22
0.20
023
0.23
000
0.51
0.44
0.55
062
0.00
0.37
000
1.12
080
0.05
0.00
0.36
0.14
0.78
8.72
0.00
040
2.92
2.32
0.25
0.87
0.87
080
1.21
279
0.12
2.89
349
2.99
3.60
1.24
1.78
2.04
2.77
16.31
5.53
-------
Test Description: RunIO - 440BHP 300RPM 13.24/2.99 1
Data Point Number: 040199-RunlO
Description Average
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor. Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.61
7729.45
9080.47
115.00
123.31
86.30
98.28
156.03
164.90
142 13
153.91
29.60
0.74
0.01
2.23
2.21
5.01
5.23
516.46
52380
520.41
51493
26.08
22.42
28.43
23.34
18.46
18.00
18.52
18.17
1.38
1.31
1.45
1 33
356.15
323.99
360.62
337.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.09
0.70
1.50
0.87
42.84
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
12000
25.00
120.00
^-•T>»T>IT wn»wuiwn i-aumaL
.8BTDC PCC 130AMT CAT565/556
Date: 04/01/99 Time:
Min Max STDV
16.53
7678.00
9040.00
115.00
123.00
84.00
96.00
154.00
163.00
141.00
152.00
28.00
0.68
0.01
222
2.19
4.88
5.21
510.20
51640
511.40
509.70
19.86
15.42
21.04
16.51
18.10
17.51
1820
17.82
1.04
1.05
1.09
1.00
355.10
322.90
359.40
336.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.87
0.54
1.24
0.67
42.50
2500
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.67
7770.00
9210.00
115.00
125.00
88.00
100.00
158.00
167.00
144.00
155.00
32.00
092
0.01
2.24
2.29
505
524
522.60
531.50
528.20
520.40
35.88
2917
3669
3205
18.87
18.67
19.01
18.65
1.79
1.61
1.80
1.91
356.50
324.30
361.10
337.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.44
0.87
1.70
1.09
43.10
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.02
16.98
39.92
0.00
0.72
0.75
0.88
0.79
0.49
0.58
0.31
1.32
0.10
0.00
0.01
0.04
0.07
0.01
2.65
2.94
3.12
2.42
347
2.94
3.44
318
0.16
0.19
0.18
0.16
0.15
0.13
0.14
0.18
0.33
0.28
0.35
0.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.07
0.12
0.10
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
my
20:50:00
Variance
0.15
0.22
0.44
0.00
0.59
0.87
0.89
0.51
0.30
0.41
0.20
4.45
13.54
0.00
0.27
1.98
1.44
0.25
0.51
0.56
060
047
13.29
13.09
12.09
13.61
087
1.08
0.95
0.89
11 25
9.92
9.98
13.44
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
11.98
9.83
8.30
11.14
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run11 - 380BHP 270RPM 2.6BTDC 12.87/2.81 PCC JWO155 CAT507/500
Data Point Number: 040299-Run1 1
Description
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (Ibvv/lbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Average
29.25
12.04
67.40
1287
33.34
0.01491
110.36
2019.25
1836.40
10.06
502.92
527.37
647.67
53603
605.40
27000
269.57
452.32
378.33
8056 15
92850
3281.85
060
65.40
35.14
60.29
41.53
120.01
55.24
408
1.10
0.00
0.00
0.50
7.38
8.02
15.20
15.40
118.45
47.46
3.05
3.01
29.87
33.55
27.63
31.15
1326.18
1375.55
1090.06
1026.97
46.22
45.58
Date:
Min
27.00
12.04
67.00
12.73
31.00
108.10
1987.00
1489.00
9.86
501.00
524.00
644.00
53300
60200
27000
266.00
448.00
373.40
7867.00
92850
3230.00
0.60
64.95
34.10
60.19
40.00
11800
54.29
3.22
1.10
0.00
000
0.50
7.36
7.45
15.20
15.40
115.90
42.20
3.05
3.01
28.60
29.40
26.30
27.20
1267.30
1292.60
1010.60
959.00
41.50
41.30
04/02/99
Max
31.00
12.04
69.00
13.07
35.00
112.80
2065.00
1878.00
10.30
505.00
532.00
65200
540.00
608.00
270.00
273.00
456.00
382.80
8363.00
928.50
3421 00
0.60
65.83
38.26
60.37
42.00
122.00
56.29
4.17
1.10
0.00
000
0.50
7.88
9.10
15.20
15.40
121.90
50,50
3.05
3.01
31.30
38.90
29.00
34.70
1437.40
1571.70
1138.10
1116.70
50.60
51.10
Time:
STDV
0.94
0.00
0.80
0.03
1.00
0.81
11.07
41.47
0.04
0.45
1.52
1.35
1.34
1.38
0.00
1.70
3.33
2.33
65.07
0.00
16.95
0.00
028
0.37
003
0.85
0.19
0.09
010
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
009
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.98
0.92
0.00
0.00
0.56
1.10
0.55
1.02
21.34
28.23
40.66
54.15
2.29
2.69
21:38:46
Variance
3.20
0.00
1.19
0.24
301
0.73
0.55
2.26
0.40
0.09
0.29
021
0.25
0.23
0.00
0.63
074
0.61
0.81
000
052
0.00
042
1.06
0.05
2.04
0.16
0 17
236
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
1.28
2.39
0.00
0.00
0.83
1.94
0.00
0.00
1.89
3.28
1 98
3.26
1.61
2.05
3.73
5.27
4.95
5.90
-------
Test Description: Run11 - 380BHP 270RPM 2.6BTDC 12.87/2.81 PCC JWO155 CAT507/500
Data Point Number: 040299-Run11 Date: 04/02/99 Time:
Description Average Min Max STDV
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor. Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor- Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.06
7355.91
8807.25
109.12
114.71
77.96
88.14
147.01
154.19
142.58
152.97
29.21
0.89
0.00
0.00
0.47
627
6.40
488.91
493.03
485.35
497.08
38.06
25.63
38.21
25.26
19.18
18.43
19.54
18.34
2.11
1.48
2.30
1.42
351.64
320.39
354.86
336.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
2.63
0.92
2.25
0.97
38.77
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.00
7312.00
8720.00
108.00
113.00
76.00
86.00
145.00
153.00
141.00
151.00
27.00
0.89
0.00
0.00
0.47
6.27
6.11
479.50
484.20
477.00
489.30
28.24
17.59
26.72
18.03
18.46
17.89
18.71
17.89
1.32
1.17
1.30
1.05
350.70
319.30
354.10
335.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.86
0.73
1.47
0.73
38.70
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.10
7379.00
8880.00
111.00
115.00
80.00
90.00
149.00
156.00
144.00
153.00
32.00
0.89
0.00
0.00
0.47
627
6.88
49890
499.80
495.90
504.40
50.51
34.55
49.06
35.37
19.76
18.86
20.13
18.90
5.15
1.99
4.40
1.96
352.20
321 .40
355.60
33710
0.00
0.00
1.51
0.00
9.60
1.08
11.12
1.33
39.10
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.01
8.50
63.02
0.45
0.70
0.58
0.59
0.27
0.53
0.79
0.26
1.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
4.29
2.87
4.37
3.00
4.68
3.89
4.79
3.93
0.32
0.22
0.33
0.23
0.71
0.18
0.81
0 19
0.39
0.42
0.34
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.00
0.98
0.09
0.86
0.12
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
vry
21:38:46
Variance
0.08
0.12
0.72
0.41
0.61
0.75
0.67
0.18
0.34
0.56
0.17
4.60
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.07
0.88
0.58
0.90
0.60
12.30
15.19
12.53
15.55
1.64
1.18
1.70
1.24
33.72
12.44
3526
13.59
0.11
0.13
0.10
0.13
0.00
0.00
1108.49
0.00
37.18
10.08
38.13
12.63
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State Universitv: Engines and Enerav Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run12 - 380BHP 270RPM 2.6BTDC 12
Data Point Number: 040299-Run12
Description Average
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (llWlbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm)' Post-Catalyst
30.45
12.04
69.31
12.87
33.62
0.01501
110.29
2014.71
1809.06
10.06
508.11
531.39
650.79
541.31
610.98
27000
269.51
451.09
37767
8055.50
928.50
3276.43
0.60
66.45
35.08
60.29
42.00
123.55
56.26
4.02
1.07
0.00
0.50
0.52
748
7.90
15.30
15.40
11356
44.61
3.05
2.99
31.97
37.05
30.46
34.24
1311.63
1364.57
1048.79
1121.69
41.20
48.66
.87/2.81 PCCJWO175CAT507/500
Date: 04/02/99 Time:
Win Max STDV
28.00
12.04
69.00
12.80
31.00
107.20
1982.00
1767.00
1000
508.00
527.00
648.00
538.00
607.00
270.00
264.00
447.00
372.60
7888.00
928.50
3230.00
0.60
6600
34.11
60.19
42.00
122.00
55.20
3.57
1.07
0.00
0.50
0.52
7.48
766
15.30
15.40
110.70
42.10
3.05
2.99
30.50
34.00
28.90
31.50
1257.50
1286.70
1009.30
979.20
31.20
41.30
33.00
12.04
71.00
12.94
35.00
112.30
2044 00
1848.00
10.13
510.00
534.00
654.00
544.00
614.00
270.00
273.00
455.00
382.80
8317.00
928.50
3342 00
0.60
66.75
36.24
6037
42.00
124.00
56.40
4.32
1.07
000
0.50
0.52
7.48
8.97
15.30
15.40
116.90
47.30
3.05
2.99
33.60
42.40
31.50
39.10
1393.60
1555.00
1138.10
1783.00
4600
75.90
0.71
0.00
0.73
0.02
1.03
0.71
11.17
12.64
0.03
0.46
1.20
1.31
1.18
1.42
0.00
1.64
3.22
2.32
65.91
0.00
16.74
0.00
0.19
0.37
0.03
0.00
0.84
0.23
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.00
0.00
1.15
0.68
0.00
0.00
0.68
1.13
0.63
1.05
21.68
30.89
4078
250.92
4.93
10.34
20:15:00
Variance
2.33
0.00
1.05
0.17
3.07
0.65
0.55
0.70
0.27
0.09
023
0.20
0.22
0.23
0.00
061
0.71
0.61
0.82
0.00
0.51
0.00
0.28
1.04
0.05
0.00
0.68
0.41
3.83
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1 61
0.00
0.00
1.01
1.53
0.00
0.00
2.12
3.06
2.07
3.08
1.65
2.26
3.89
22.37
11.97
21.25
-------
Test Description: Run12 - 380BHP 270RPM 2.6BTDC 12
Data Point Number: 040299-Run12
Description Average
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.05
7349.23
8785.15
109.00
114.54
78.74
88.88
167.66
174.51
143.57
153.35
28.98
0.89
0.00
0.00
047
6.09
6.39
490.92
493.56
487.35
499.88
36.55
25.43
39.16
25.35
19.05
18.29
19.39
18.16
2.02
1 44
2.34
1.38
351.22
320.11
354.33
335.87
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.32
0.89
2.10
0.95
38,89
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
.87/2.81 PCC JWO175 CAT507/500
Date: 04/02/99 Time:
Min Max STDV
16.01
7325.00
8700.00
107.00
113.00
76.00
87.00
165.00
173.00
142.00
153.00
26.00
0.89
0.00
0.00
0.47
6.09
6.23
478.10
485.20
477.80
491.70
26.18
1779
29.21
18.58
18.56
17.80
18.57
17.63
1.33
1 00
1.37
1.00
350.50
319.50
353.60
335.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.56
0.66
1.53
0.72
38.70
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.09
7378.00
8860.00
109.00
115.00
79.00
91.00
170.00
177.00
145.00
155.00
32.00
0.89
0.00
000
0.47
6.09
7.31
501.20
503.70
496.80
508.50
49.02
32.53
51.01
38.62
19.48
18.96
20.13
18.71
4.39
1.86
4.42
1.87
352.10
321.00
355.10
336.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.55
1.13
3.09
1.36
39.50
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.01
8.64
63.57
0.06
0.84
0.67
0.56
0.78
0.69
0.66
0.76
1.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.17
4.09
3.50
4.25
3.48
501
3.18
4.74
4.06
0.26
0.22
0.32
0.26
0.67
0.19
0.75
0.20
0.38
0.37
0.35
0.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.40
0.11
0.31
0.12
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
"J.
20:15:00
Variance
0.08
0.12
0.72
0.06
0.73
0.85
0.63
0.47
0.40
0.46
0.50
4.65
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
2.63
0.83
0.71
0.87
070
13.72
12.49
12.11
1602
1.36
1.21
1.66
1.45
33.29
12.88
32.18
14.30
0.11
0.12
0.10
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
17.32
12.17
14.93
13.14
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University; Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 13 - 440BHP 300RPM
Data Point Number: 033199-Run13QCcheck
Description
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lt>w/lbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfrn)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVGERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr)- Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
' CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected). Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
.2BTDC13,
Date:
Average
59.04
12.01
18.56
13.51
33.66
0.01487
110.45
2026.48
1948.75
10.48
569.13
608.46
732.16
610.54
689.30
300.00
299.39
527.08
441.39
8140.84
96490
3724 20
0.62
82.55
48.96
5923
47.00
132.62
48.31
4.14
0.66
0.00
1.41
1.49
4.64
4.67
14.60
14.50
86.07
31.67
3.64
3.55
89.30
93.28
94.41
100.57
910.53
935.65
696.59
619.09
56.93
57.39
.51/3.04A/F49.
03/31/99
Win
57.00
12.01
17.00
13.44
32.00
108.10
1993.00
1929.00
10.35
568.00
605.00
728.00
608.00
685.00
300.00
297.00
520.00
433.90
8002.00
964.90
3688.00
0.62
81.91
47.81
59.13
47.00
131.00
48.20
4.14
0.66
0.00
1.41
1.49
4.64
4.67
14.60
14.50
83.40
30.40
3.64
3.55
83.40
84.50
88.10
90.90
882.50
888.30
674.10
567.50
49.40
54.60
1 CAT574/568
Time: 20:05:00
Max STDV
62.00
12.01
21.00
13.56
36.00
113.00
2060.00
1967.00
10.58
571.00
613.00
736.00
614.00
693.00
300.00
303.00
528.00
446.70
8383.00
964.90
3788.00
0.62
83.25
50.60
59.32
47.00
134.00
49.10
4.14
0.66
0.00
1.41
1.49
4.64
4.67
14.60
14.50
87.80
32.80
3.64
3.55
93.70
103.40
99.10
111.90
941.10
981 .70
735.10
663.00
61.30
63.60
0.82
0.00
1.19
0.02
0.92
0.83
9.99
5.70
0.04
0.92
1.43
1.36
1.28
1.27
0.00
1.55
1.29
2.40
52.46
0,00
1477
0.00
0.37
0.40
0.04
0.00
0.62
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.81
0.36
0.00
0.00
1.98
3.03
2.09
3.31
10.18
14.49
21.75
29.86
3.18
2.96
Variance
1.38
0.00
6.42
0.13
2.74
0.75
0.49
0.29
0.37
0.16
024
0.19
0.21
0.18
0.00
0.52
0.24
0.54
0.64
0.00
0.40
000
0.45
0.81
0.06
0.00
0.47
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.94
1.14
0.00
0.00
2.22
3.25
2.22
3.29
1.12
1.55
3.12
4.82
5.58
5.15
-------
Colorado State Universitv: Engines and Enerav Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run 13 - 440BHP 300RPM .2BTDC 13
Data Point Number: 033199-Run13QCcheck Date:
Description Average
.51/3.04 A/F49.1 CAT574/568
03/31/99 Time: 20:05:00
Min Max STDV Variance
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor- Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.60
7726.84
9238.78
130.99
137.34
108.06
11904
155.36
164.01
141.29
152.97
2907
028
0.22
1.42
1 46
4.67
453
476.95
47859
467.64
483.14
28.85
23.68
32.43
23.85
21.40
21.08
22.00
20.90
1.75
1.54
2.43
1 47
353.06
321.04
35741
334.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.39
0.91
1.93
0.99
41.20
25.00
120.00
25.00
12000
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.53
7677.00
9120.00
129.00
136.00
107.00
118.00
153.00
162.00
139.00
151.00
27.00
0.28
0.23
1.29
1.35
4.62
4.53
468.30
473.40
453.90
474.00
21 09
16.36
22.66
15.88
20.67
20.68
21.10
20.41
1.27
1.23
1.43
1.14
352.70
320.80
356.90
334.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.04
0.64
1.26
0.75
41.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.70
7798.00
9280.00
133.00
139.00
110.00
121.00
157.00
166.00
143.00
153.00
32.00
0.28
0.23
1.42
1.46
4.67
4.71
485.60
486.00
476.70
48890
38.23
31.36
40.52
34.13
21.95
21.40
22.56
21.54
4.40
1.95
5.38
3.28
354.00
321.50
357.80
334.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.45
1.20
4.06
1.74
41.60
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.02
16.15
20.88
0.17
0.57
0.51
0.56
0.72
0.21
0.73
0.26
1.27
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
3.76
2.58
4.10
2.79
4.29
3.37
4.16
3.46
0.26
0.16
0.30
0.19
0.52
0.15
0.95
0.29
0.22
0.17
0.18
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.12
0.37
0.14
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.21
023
0.13
0.42
0.47
0.47
0.46
0.13
0.52
0.17
4.38
0.00
0.00
0.30
0.24
0.04
0 13
0.79
0.54
088
0.58
1487
14.22
12.81
14.52
1.22
0.78
1.37
0.89
29.78
9.96
38.97
19.73
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1815
13.13
19.40
14.28
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University; Engines and Enerav Conversion Laboratorv
Test Description: Run14 - 440BHP 300RPM 13.39/3.04 3.9BTDC PCC A/F50.7 CAT542/537
Data Point Number: 0331 99-Run14 Date: 03/31/99 Time: 21:30:00
Description Average Win Max STDV
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (Ibw/lb*)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVGERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2OJ
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr); Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr). Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr). Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
02 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm) Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
54.47
12.01
31.47
13.39
34.15
0.01500
110.12
2040.06
1939.25
1035
537.96
570.18
694.24
574.09
654.29
30000
299.47
52645
441.49
7836.50
96490
3585.40
0.62
81,78
45.14
59.44
45.00
129.41
50.00
4 17
0.65
0.00
1.24
1.37
4.56
5.35
14.60
14.50
101.43
34.46
3.70
3.55
87.97
90.09
87.22
92.46
977.71
995.13
708.75
651.84
56.77
61.41
52.00
12.01
31.00
13.29
32.00
107.70
2010.00
1919.00
10.22
536.00
566.00
690.00
570.00
652.00
300.00
296.00
524.00
435.80
7703.00
964.90
3551.00
0.62
80.64
44.00
59.36
45.00
127.00
4979
4.17
0.65
0.00
1.24
1.37
4.47
5.35
14.60
14.50
99.30
32.50
3.70
3.55
83.40
77.20
82.30
79.20
946.00
953.20
674.10
643.70
50.50
59.90
57.00
12.01
33.00
13.45
36.00
112.10
2068.00
1955.00
1045
54000
574.00
698.00
577.00
657.00
300.00
302.00
527.00
446.90
7966 00
964.90
3626.00
0.62
82.49
46.14
59.54
45.00
131.00
50.70
417
0.65
0.00
1.24
1.37
4.99
5.35
14.60
14.50
103.90
36.40
3.70
3.55
93.70
101.00
92.30
103.60
1025.40
1058.30
735.10
663.00
61.30
64.90
0.91
0.00
0.85
0.02
0.87
0.70
9.62
5.35
0.04
045
1.27
1.38
1.05
1.26
000
1.55
0.93
2.42
50.O7
0.00
14.11
0.00
057
0.36
0.04
0.00
0.75
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.95
0.60
0.00
0.00
1.81
3.26
1.87
3.37
12.76
14.99
19.12
9.53
3.66
1.78
Variance
1.68
0.00
2.70
0.18
2.54
0.64
0.47
0.28
0.37
0.08
0.22
0.20
0.18
019
0.00
0.52
0.18
0.55
064
0.00
0.39
0.00
0.70
0.79
0.06
0.00
0.58
0.59
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
4.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.93
1.74
0.00
0.00
2.06
3.62
2.15
3.65
1.31
1.51
2.70
1.46
644
2.90
-------
Test Description: Run14 - 440BHP 300RPM 13.39/3.04 3.9BTDC PCC A/F50.7 CAT542/537
Data Point Number: 0331 99-Run1 4 Date: 03/31/99 Time: 21:30:00
Description Average Min Max STDV
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.60
7728.08
9220.19
129.25
135.76
105.85
116.63
156.18
164.34
141.18
152.66
29.13
0.78
0.22
1.29
1 35
5.12
5.26
545.37
537.69
531.48
550.83
30.62
2570
35.42
23.03
17.00
16.66
17.82
16.18
1.56
1.42
1.87
1.24
353.47
321.51
358.55
335.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.19
0.73
1.78
0.88
40.19
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.54
7684.00
9190.00
128.00
134.00
104.00
116.00
154.00
163.00
139.00
151.00
27.00
0.78
0.23
1.29
1.35
5.12
5.26
538.40
529.70
524.00
54370
20.09
15.31
26.16
16.10
16.47
16.24
17.39
15.73
1.15
1.10
1.37
0.95
353.30
321.30
358.00
334.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.81
0.55
1.40
0.67
40.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.68
7778.00
9250.00
131.00
138.00
108.00
118.00
158.00
166.00
143.00
153.00
32.00
0.78
0.23
1.29
1.35
5.12
5.26
553.70
543.80
542.90
55900
44.41
39.53
52.35
32.60
17.42
17.16
18.25
16.47
2.76
2.16
3.12
1.80
354.00
321.80
358.90
335.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.34
1.11
2.31
1.16
40.20
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.02
14.04
12.19
0.59
0.89
0.59
0.93
0.51
0.64
0.71
0.75
1.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.22
2.98
3.93
289
4.75
4.08
4.81
3.35
0.20
0.16
0.19
0.15
0.29
0.19
0.35
0.17
0.14
0.13
0.18
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.35
0.10
0.19
0.09
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
f" f
Variance
0.12
0.18
0.13
0.45
0.66
0.56
0.80
0.33
0.39
0.51
0.49
4.45
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
059
055
0.74
052
15.53
15.88
13.59
14.55
1.15
0.97
1.04
0.92
18.83
13.42
18.85
13.57
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
29.00
13.35
10.61
9.92
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University; Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run15 - 440BHP 300RPM 13.24/2.99
Data Point Number: 040199-Run15
Description Average
1.8BTDC PCC #3 60-70PSI LOW CAT599/590
Date: 04/01/99 Time: 16:50:00
Win Max STDV Variance
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (?)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.61
7729.34
9138.96
115.01
124.17
90.74
102.82
156.02
164.93
141.35
152.02
32.63
0.68
0.01
1 85
2.05
568
556
518.29
521.68
456.51
525.67
26.19
22.58
3402
24.09
1879
1837
20.68
18.31
1.38
1.37
291
1.35
35791
32545
361.40
339.16
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.15
0.77
2.06
0.90
41.96
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.54
7687.00
9100.00
115.00
122.00
88.00
101.00
155.00
163.00
140.00
152.00
31.00
0.68
001
1.85
2.05
568
535
511.90
514.70
450.80
51900
18.18
14.95
27.89
18.22
18.41
18.06
19.50
1797
1.03
1.03
1.56
0.98
357.00
324.80
360.50
338.40
0.00
000
000
0.00
0.86
0.52
1.61
0.61
41.90
2500
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.68
7777.00
9300 00
117.00
127.00
93.00
104.00
158.00
165.00
143.00
154.00
36.00
068
0.01
1.85
2.05
568
5.90
52380
527.20
464 70
530.40
33.80
33.57
43.67
30.88
19.23
1872
21.40
18.71
1.89
1.86
5.20
1.89
358.40
325.80
361.80
339.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.40
1.01
3.05
1 10
42.10
25.00
120.00
25.00
12000
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.02
14.36
41.49
0.14
0.55
0.53
0.52
0.34
0.36
0.64
0.21
1.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.26
2.87
2.72
3.17
2.52
316
3 15
3.29
2.85
0.17
0.16
0.42
0.16
0.14
0.19
1.04
0.16
0.31
0.26
0.30
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.08
0.28
0.10
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.19
0.45
0.12
0.44
0.58
0.50
0.22
0.22
0.46
0.14
4.15
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.60
055
0.52
070
048
12.06
13.96
9.66
11.84
0.93
0.85
2.03
0.85
10.43
13.68
35.84
11.74
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.40
10.61
13.C3
10.90
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run15-440BHP 300RPM 13.24/2.99
Data Point Number: 040199-Run15
Description Average
1.8BTDC PCC #3 60-70PSI LOW CAT599/590
Date: 04/01/99 Time: 16:50:00
Win Max STDV Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/lbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVGERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H20)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr)- Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
37.72
12.03
57.88
13.24
32.51
0.01455
110.72
2037.06
1891.52
10.25
558.82
600.98
733.58
584.81
68904
299.00
29949
521.51
441.59
8263.02
982.20
3713.77
0.64
5980
47.51
59.70
49.00
113.65
49.29
4.49
0.62
0.00
1.81
1.96
5.32
5.58
14.70
1470
96.47
31.47
3.78
3.76
132.15
140.33
139.54
147.42
1034.86
1061.81
792.02
746.46
31.46
30.97
35.00
12.03
55.00
13.19
31.00
107.90
2010.00
1870.00
10.19
557.00
598.00
730.00
581.00
686.00
299.00
297.00
520.00
436.30
8112.00
982.20
3682.00
0.64
59.46
46.57
59.62
49.00
11300
48.50
3.82
0.62
0.00
1.81
1.96
5 11
5.28
14.70
14.70
92.60
30.30
3.78
3.76
126.40
128.50
132.60
134.60
1002.50
1011.30
744.20
71620
25.10
28.90
40.00
12.03
59.00
13.31
33.00
113.20
2065.00
1928.00
10.30
559.00
604.00
737.00
588.00
693.00
299.00
302.00
531.00
447.20
8392.00
982.20
3753.00
0.64
60.17
48.67
59.78
49.00
116.00
50.10
4.57
062
0.00
1.81
1.96
5.63
5.87
14.70
14.70
100.50
32.70
3.78
3.76
138.10
154.30
145.70
162.40
1071.70
1121.60
869.70
796.30
39.00
34.50
0.79
0.00
1.03
0.02
0.86
0.76
9.10
6.24
0.02
0.57
1.30
1.33
1.25
1.24
0.00
1.52
2.41
2.48
54.46
0.00
13.89
0.00
0.18
0.37
0.03
0.00
0.70
0.05
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.26
0.26
0.00
0.00
1.48
0.41
0.00
0.00
2.37
3.96
2.54
4.24
12.11
18.13
34.13
28.97
4.60
1.94
2.09
0.00
1.78
0.12
2.66
0.69
0.45
0.33
0.17
0.10
0.22
0.18
0.21
0.18
0.00
0.51
046
0.56
066
000
0.37
0.00
0.30
0.78
0.06
0.00
0.62
0.09
1.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
4.81
4.60
0.00
0.00
1.53
1.32
0.00
0.00
1.79
2.82
1.82
287
1.17
1.71
4.31
388
14.62
6.27
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run16 - 440BHP 300RPM 13.24/2.99
Data Point Number: 04Q199-Run16
Description Average
1.8BTDC PCC #2 60PSI HIGH CAT599/590
Date: 04/01/99 Time: 18:40:00
Min Max STDV Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/lbA)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVGERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr). Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
34.29
12.03
56.12
13.24
32.54
0.01460
110.81
2030.52
1879.43
10.25
556.71
592.30
751.02
589.26
672.09
29900
299.46
521.37
441.62
8257.55
982.20
3713.13
0.64
58.31
47.31
5974
51.00
112.13
50.29
4.47
0.75
0.00
2.16
2.24
5.01
5.35
14.60
14.70
93.55
31.09
3.60
3.52
154.07
163.50
162.53
171.22
1029.23
1074.16
840.59
774.45
37.70
28.47
31.00
12.03
55.00
13.20
31.00
108.60
1999.00
1862.00
10.20
555.00
588.00
747.00
587.00
669.00
29900
297.00
519.00
435.70
8120.00
982.20
3677.00
064
57.95
46.44
59.65
51.00
110.00
49.20
3.81
0.75
0.00
2.16
2.24
5.01
535
14.60
14.70
91.30
29.80
3.60
3.52
143.20
144.40
151.50
150.70
1019.50
1040.50
839.50
755.60
37.70
27.50
37.00
12.03
57.00
13.31
35.00
112.80
2061.00
1894.00
10.32
557.00
596.00
755.00
592.00
67600
299.00
302.00
530.00
447.80
8385.00
982.20
3745.00
0.64
58.95
48.27
59.81
51.00
114.00
50.70
464
0.75
0.00
2.16
2.24
5.01
5.52
14.60
14.70
9570
36.40
3.60
3.52
164.60
183.20
172.20
192.00
1042.60
1114.70
869.70
775.90
37.70
28.90
0.93
0.00
0.99
0.01
1.33
0.82
8.61
5.06
0.02
0.70
1.39
1.49
1.11
1.22
000
1.53
2.69
2.45
50.82
0.00
13.49
0.00
0.24
035
0.03
0.00
0.66
0.64
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.88
0.55
0.00
0.00
3.51
5.02
3.62
5.34
7.31
7.48
5.53
5.09
0.00
0.65
2.71
0.00
1.77
011
4.07
074
0.42
0.27
0.16
0.13
0.23
0.20
0.19
0.18
0.00
0.51
0.52
055
062
0.00
0.36
0.00
041
0.75
0.05
0.00
059
1.28
1.63
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.47
0.00
0.00
0.94
1.77
0.00
0.00
2.28
3.07
2.23
3.12
0.71
0.70
0.66
0.66
0.00
2.27
-------
Test Description: Run16 - 440BHP 300RPM
Data Point Number: 040199-Run16
Description
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor. Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
13.24/2,991
Average
16.61
7730.92
9131.41
115.32
12536
88.80
100.63
15545
16401
141 88
152.58
32.69
0.78
0.01
2.23
2.28
5 10
541
49058
542.74
495.30
50095
28.97
2273
30.18
23.35
19.56
17.92
19.63
18.89
1.55
1 29
1 70
1.37
357.62
326.59
362.23
338.56
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.39
0.72
1.65
0.89
43.19
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
2500
120.00
25.00
120.00
.8BTDC PCC #2 60PSI HIGH
Date: 04/01/99
Min Max
16.54
7688.00
9070.00
115.00
123.00
87.00
10000
154.00
162.00
140.00
151.00
31.00
0.78
001
2.23
2.28
5.10
5.41
481.60
535.00
487.60
49560
1842
15.31
21.74
14.38
1910
17.44
19.20
1852
1.06
0.91
1.21
098
356.60
32570
361.20
337.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.98
0.53
1.37
0.69
42.80
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.67
7778.00
9280.00
117.00
127.00
91.00
102.00
157.00
166.00
142.00
154.00
36.00
0.78
0.01
2.23
2.28
5.10
5.57
498.50
549.50
504.60
50900
3632
33.22
42.45
32.70
20.05
18.29
19.97
19.36
3.06
1.67
4.26
1.69
358.20
326.80
362.80
338.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.18
1.00
2.33
1.09
43.90
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
CAT599/590
Time: 18:40:00
STDV Variance
0.02
14.53
47.14
0.73
0.78
0.64
0.93
0.70
0.26
0.47
0.57
1.42
0.00
0.00
000
000
0.00
0.02
3.13
2.85
341
2.59
4.11
3.56
4.36
3.64
0.17
0.18
0 18
0.17
0.30
0.18
0.52
0.14
0.31
0.29
0.34
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.21
0.10
0.20
0.09
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.19
0.52
0.63
062
0.72
0.92
0.45
0.16
0.33
0.37
4.36
000
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
044
064
052
0.69
0.52
14.18
15.66
14.46
15.59
0.87
099
0.93
0.91
19.66
13.62
30.72
9.87
0.09
0.09
0.09
009
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
15.29
13.25
12.09
9.97
0.52
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX E
REFERENCE METHOD ANALYZERS CALIBRATIONS
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing:
Description: Reference Method Analyzers Dally Calibrations
Date: April 2,1999
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Engine Type: Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
Test Points: Test Runs 4, PAH -8,11, & 12
OC_Apr.2_1999_1«:51:11
Gas
Pre_CO
Pre_CO2
Pr«_02
Pra_M«th«u
Pre_Non_Methane
Pie_NOx
PreJHC
Post_CO
Posl_CO2
Post_O2
Poil_Methim
Post_Non_M«thane
Post_NOx
PosflHC
aC_Apr,2_1999 14-40:53
Gn
Pr»_CO
Pre CO2
PreJD2
Pre_Melhane
Pre_Non_Methane
Pre_NOx
PreltHC
Post_CO
Poit_CO2
Post~O2
Post_Mathane
Post~Non_Methane
Posl_NOx
PosIJTHC
QC_Apr,J_1999_10:20:41
Gas
Pre CO
Pre_C02
Pie_02
PreJUelhane
Pre_Non_Methane
Pre_NOx
Pre_THC
Post_CO
Description: Po»l Run PAHf 2 . Tetl Point B 2«ro Check
Posl_O2
Pojl_Melhine
Poil_Non_Melhsne
PosfNOx"
Posl THC
Slop* Intercept
4958S -0023
25.005 -0 061
24766
497411
52679
49999
497.446
-0057
-900696
.58 959
-0252
-0019
Zere_Avg Span_Avg Range
0 0 500
0 002 0 002 20
0002 0002 25
1007 1007 2000
1119 1098 200
0005 0005 500
0 0 5000
40118 -0005
1989 -0001
4988 0
485 375 -484 729
51.797 -54.14
99464 0023
400 924 -0 031
0
0
0
0999
1045
0
0
0028
0
0
0999
1 127
0001
0
200
20
25
2000
200
500
1000
Description: Pott Run 4 Ztro Chick
Slope Intercept
49565 -0023
25005 -0061
24786 -0057
497411 -500696
52679
49999
497446
-58959
-0252
-0019
Z*ro_Avg Span_Avg Rang*
0 0004 500
0 002 0 002 5
0002 0002 5
1007 1007 2000
1119 109 200
0 005 0 005 500
0 0 5000
40118 -0005
1999 -0001
4999 0
485 375 -494.729
51797
99464
400.924
-54.14
0023
-0031
0
0
0
0999
1045
0
0
0031
0
0
0999
1 128
0001
0
200
20
25
2000
200
500
1000
Description: Analyzer Calibration
Slop* Intercept
49 565 -0023
25005 -0.081
24796 -0057
497411 -500696
52678 -59959
49 999 -0 252
497446 -0019
40119 -0005
1999 -0001
49B8 0
495 375 -494 729
51 797 -54 14
99 464 0 023
400924 -0031
QC_Apr.2_1999_19 03.45
Gai
Pre_CO
Pre_CO2
Pre_02
Pre_Me(han«
Pre_Non_Methane
Pre_NOx
PrellHC
Posl_CO
Posl_CO2
Po»t_02
PosMKethane
Posl_Non_Melhane
Post_NOx
Post_THC
QC_Apr.2_1999_14-58-07
Ga>
Pre_CO
Pre_CO2
Pre_02
Pre_M«lhane
Pre_Non_Methan0
Pre~NOx~
Pr«~THC
Post_CO
Posl_CO2
Post_02
Post_Methane
Post_Non_Melhane
Posl_NOx
Post_THC
QC_Apr,2_1999_10.28:04
Gat
Pre_CO
Pre_CO2
Pn>_02
Pre_Malhan«
Pre_Non Methane
Pre_THC
Posl_CO
Posl_CO2
Posl_02
Post_M«lhane
Poil Non Malhane
tsMM»
PosfTHC
Description: Poll Run PAH»2. Test Point I Span Chack
Slope Intercept
49 565 -0 023
25 005 -0 061
24 786 -0 057
497411 -500696
52678
49999
497 446
^ Ztro_Avg Span_Avg Range
0 "317 5C
-58 959:
-0252
-0019
40 118
1 989
4983
-0005
-0001
0
485 375 -484 729
51 797 -54 14
99464
400924
0023
-0031
Description- Post Run 4 Span Check
Slope Intercept
49 565 -0 023
25 005 -0 061
24786
497411
52678
49999
497 446
-0057
-500696
-58 959
-0252
-0019
40118
1 989
4988
-0005
-0001
0
485 375 -484 729
51 797 -54 14
99464
400924
0023
-0031
Zero_Avg Span_Avg Range
0 318 500
0 002 0 359 20
0 002 0 482 25
1.007 2 853 2000
1119 2888 200
0005 6139 500
0 5 493 5000
0 747 200
2621 20
2 403 25
2936 2000
2868 200
3069 500
2 228 1000
Description: Sample Bias Check NOx
Slope Intercept Cal^Gas Zero_Avg Span_Avg Range |
49565 -0023 157 " 0 3168 500
25005 -0061 904 0002 0364 5
24786 -0057 12 0002 0486 5
497411 -500696 901 1007 2818 2000
52678 -58959 911 1.119 2849 200
497446 -0019
40118 -0005
1989 -0001
4988 0
485 375 -484 729
51.797 -54 14
asyjKRMta
nm;
400924 -0031
2750
289
516
12
901
91 1
mm
901
5528
5000
0
0
0
0999
1.045
072 200
2 595 20
2406 25
2 855 2000
2804 200
2247
1000
2750
289
516
12
901
91 1
mm
901
% Error
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing:
Description: Reference Method Analyzers Dally Calibrations
Date: April 2,1999
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Engine Type: Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
Test Points: Test Runs 4, PAH -8,11, & 12
QC_Apr._OJ_1999_2J:25:2S Inscription: Sample Bl» Ch.ck NO*
QC_Apr.J>2_1999_23.3»:18 Description: Sample Bia> Check CH4 / Non-CH4
Pre_CO
Pre_CO2
Pre_02
Pra_Methane
Pre~Non Methane
Pre_THC
Posl_CO
Post_C02
Post_O2
Posl_Methane
Post Non Methane
Slope Intercept C«l_Gis Zero. Avg Span.Avg Range ppm_or,%
49 565 -0 023
25 005 -0 061
24 786 -0 057
497411 -500696
52.679 -58 9S9
497 446
-0019
40118 -0005
1 989 -0 001
4988 0
485375 -484729
51.797 -54 14
157
904
12
901
911
2750
389
516
12
901
91 1
0
0002
0002
1007
1.119
0
0
0
0999
1045
318
0366
0488
2853
2802
5471
0754
2643
2396
2 896
2858
500 157591
20 9081
25 12 046
2000 91837
200 88659
5000 2721507
200 30 257
20 5 255
25 11 953
2000 920917
200 93 884
% Error
01182
0205
0184
08685
-1 2205
Post THO
400924 -0031
901
2228
1000 893 101
-056986
06785
0475
-0188
099585
1392
-0 7899
Gas
Pre_CO
Pre_C02
Pre~O2
Slope Intercept Cal_Gas ZeroJVvg Spin_Avg Range ppm_or_%
49565 -0023 157
25 005 -0 061 9 04
24 786 -0 057 12
0 318
0002 0366
0002 0488
500 157 591
20 9081
25 12 046
% Error
01182
0205
0.184
OC_Apr.J>2_1999_22:44:3« Description: Analyzer Calibration NOx 2000 ppm Range
Gas
Pre_CO
Pre"cO2
Pre_02
Pre_Melhane
Pre_Non_Methane
Pre_NOx"
Pre_THC
Posl_CO
Posl_CO2
Poi!_O2
PostJUelhane
PD5t_Non_MeIhar»
PosfNOx
PosflHC
QC_Apr.2_1999_22 21:02
G.s
Pre_CO
PreIcO2
Pre_O2
PreJHethane
Pra_Non_Mathane
Pra~NOx
Pra_THC
Post_CO
Posl_CO2
Posfrj2
Posl_Melhane
Posl_Non_Methane
Post_NOx"
Post THC
Slope Intercept
49 565 -0 023
25005 -0061
24786 -0057
497411 -500696
52678
199.411
497 446
-58 959
-1005
-0019
40118 -0005
1989 -0001
4988 0
485375 -484729
•5414
0093
51.797
398051
400924
-0031
Zero Avg Span Avg Range
318 500
0366 20
0 488 25
2 853 2000
2 802 200
4 594 2000
5471 5000
0754 200
2643 20
2396 25
2896 2000
2 858 200
2 298 2000
2 228 1000
Description: Post Run 11,12 Zero Check
Slope Intercept ^J@II3 Zera_Avg Sp«n_Avg Range
49 565 -0 023
25 005 -0 061
24786 -OOS7
497411 -500696
52678
49999
497 446
-58959
-0252
-0019
40118 -0005
1989 -0001
4986 0
485 375 -484 729
-5414
0023
51797
99464
400924
-0031
QC_Apr.2_1999_22:32.03
Gas
Pre_CO
Pre_CO2
Pre~02
PreJHethane
Pre_Non_Melhane
Pre_NOx~
PreJTHC
Posl_CO
Post CO2
Non Methane
Description: Post Run 11,12 Spen Check
Slope
49565
25005
24786
497411
52678
49999
497 446
40118
1 989
4988
485 375
51797
99464
400 924
Intercept i
-0023,
-0061
-0057
-500696
-58959!
-0252!
-0019!
-0005]
-0001]
0
-484 729J
-54 14
0023
-0 031
Zero_Avg Spen_Avg Range
318 500
0366 20
0 488 25
2 853 2000
2 802 200
6123 500
5471 5000
0754
2643
2396
2896
2858
3113
2228
200
20
25
2000
200
500
1000
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing:
Description: Reference Method Analyzers Daily Calibrations
Date: April 1,1999
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Engine Type: Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
Test Points: Test Runs 2/7,15,16, 9A, 9, & 10
OC_Apr,1_1 999_14:27.59
G»
Pre_CO
Pre_CO2
Pro"o2
Pre_Methane
Pre_Non_Me(hane
PnTNOx
PreJTHC
Poil_CO
Posfc02
Post_O2
Post_Melh«»
Pos(_Non_Mettiane
Poit_NOx
Post_THC
QC_Apr,1_1999 11:11:21
G»
Pre_CO
Pre_CO2
Prt~O2
Pre_Methane
Pre_Non Methane
Pre_NOx~
Pre_THC
Poit_CO
Post_CO2
Post~O2
Post_Methane
Post_Non_Methane
Posl_NOx
Posl_THC
QC_Apr,1_1999 12:55:40
Gas
Pre.CO
Pre~CO2
Pra_O2
PreJUellMne
Pra_Non_Methane
Pre^NOx
PreJHC
Po$l_CO
Posl_CO2
Po»l_O2
Post_Methane
Posl_Non_Methani>
Posl_NOx
Post THC
Description: Poll Run 2/7 Zero Chick
Slop* Intercept
49 43 -0 023
25 002 -0 061
24805 -0059
493 993 -497 255
54766
99616
496912
-04506
-0502
-0019
40862 -0188
1 992 -0 001
4989 0
489 53 -488 878
52197
19907
39965
-56.728
0047
-0031
Description: Anilyi.r Calibration CO Re-range to 500 ppm
Slop* Intercept j~"*"'"*™'" "
4943 -0023
25002 -0061
24805 -0059
493 993 -497.255
54 766 -64.508
99616 -0.502
496912 -0019
40862 -0198
1 992 -0 001
4989 0
489 53 -488 878
52 197
19907
39965
-56.728
0047
-0031
Description: Analyzer Calibration - Zero Drift CO 200 ppm Rang*
Slops Intercept
19995 -0009
25002 -0081
24805 -0059
493 993 -497 255
54766
99616
496912
-84506
-0502
-0019
40862 -0188
1992 -0001
4989 0
489 53 -488 878
52197
19907
39965
-56728
0047
-0031
Zero_Avg Span_Avg Range
0 0002
0002 0364
0002 0486
1 007 2 831
1 178 2841
0005 4572
0 5534
0.712 200
259 10
2 405 25
2 839 2000
2 832 200
2 327 1000
2 255 2000
QC_Apr,1_1999 14 41 00
Gas
Pre CO
Pre_C02
Pre_O2
Pre_Methane
Pre_Non_Melhano
Pre_NOx
PrellHC
Posl_CO
Posl CO2
Posl_O2
Posl_Melhane
Post_Non_Methan«
Pos(_NOx
Posl THC
Description: Post Run 2/7 Span Check
QC_Apr,1_1995_13:04 56
Gas
Pre_CO
Pre_C02
Pre_O2
Pre_Mathane
Pre_Non_Melhane
Pre_NO*
Pre_THC
Posl_CO
Post_CO2
Post_O2
Post_Melhane
Post_Non_Melhane
Posl_NOx
PosflHC
Slope Intercept
49 43 -0 023
25 002 -0 061
24805
493 993
54766
99616
496912
-0059
497 255
-64506
-0502
-0019
40862
1992
4989
-0188
-0001
0
489 53 -488 878
52 197 -56 728
19907
39965
0047
-0031
Zero_Avg Span_Avg Range
0 3173 500
0 002 0 364 25
0 002 0 488 25
1007 2 765 2000
1178 2788 200
0 005 4 653 1000
0 5 598 5000
0 691 200
2 644 10
2411 25
2 843 2000
2 765 200
2317 1000
2 262 2000
Description- Analyzer Calibration - Span Drift CO 200 ppm Range
Zero_Avg Span_Avg
40862
1992
4989
48953
52 197
19907
39965
0005
0
0
0999
1 087
0
0
0712 200
259 10
2 405 25
2 839 2000
2 832 200
2 327 1000
2 255 2000
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing:
Description: Reference Method Analyzers Dally Calibrations
Date: April 1,1999
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Engine Type: Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
Test Points: Test Runs 2/7,15,16, 9A, 9, & 10
QC_Apr._02_1999J>0:54:03 Description: Simple Bins Chick NOx
Gas
Pre_CO
Pre_CO2
Pre_O2
Pre_Melhane
Pre Nan Methane
Pre_THC
Post_CO
Post_CO2
Posl_O2
PostJWetliane
Post Non Methane
Slop,
4943
25002
24805
493993
54766
-**!
496912
Intercept Ca)_Gas Zero_Avg Span_Avg
.0023
-4061
-0059
-497 255
-64506
157
904
12
901
911
D
0002
0002
1007
1 178
3171
037
0493
266
2805
Range ppm_or_%
500 156734
25
25
2000
200
9192
12163
915617
89104
-0019
40862 -0188
1 992 -0 001
4989 0
489 53 -488 878
52 197 -56 728
2750
289
516
12
901
91.1
0005
0
0
0999
1087
5589
0664
2641
2415
2821
2785
Pojl THC
901
2273
4943
25002
24805
493.993
54.766
99616
496912
40862
1992
4989
48953
52197
19907
39965
-0023
-0061
-0059
-497.255
-64 506
-0.502!
-0019J
-0188]
-0001
0
-488878
-56.728
0047
-0.031 1
QC Apr. 02.1999 00.33:02 Description: Post Run *A,«, 10 Zero Check
Gas " " Slop. Intercept §^§1 Z.ro_Avg Span_AvB
Pre_CO
Pre_C02
PreJ32
Pre_Mathane
Pre_Non_Me(hane
PrelNOx"
PreJTHC
Post_CO
PosfcO2
Posl_O2
Posf Methane
Post_Non_Methane
PO§CNO«"
Posf THC
QC_Apr.1_1999_19:J4:45
Gas
Pre_CO
Pre_CO2
Pre_O2
PraJKaihana
Pre_Non_Melhana
Pre_NOx
Pre~THC
Daacriptlon: Post Run IS, If Zero Check
Slope Intercept fffiHHM Zaro_Avg Sp.n_Avg Range
49.43 -0023HHHJ 0 0 500
25002 -008lHHi| 0002 0002 25
-0059BB 0002 0003 25
1007 1007 2000
n78 ' l77 20°
0005 °°°5 100°
-0019lnl 0 0 5000
24.805
493993 -497255
54766
99616
Posl_CO
Posf_CO2
Post_O2
Posl_M«lhane
Poj|_Non_Melhane
Posl_NOx~
Posf THC
496912
40862 -0188
1992 -0001
4989 0
489 S3 -488 878
52 197 -56 728
19907 0047
399 65 -0 031
0
0008
0
0999
1 097
0
0
200
10
25
2000
200
1000
2000
•I, Error
-0 0532
0608
0652
0 73085
-0998
5000 2777 29
200 28 945
10 5261
25 12049
2000 891973
200 88614
05458
-0 9775
1 01
0196
-045135
-1243
2000 908 533
037665
QC_Apr _02_1999_00 47.10 Description: Post Run 9A. », 10 Span Check
Gas
Pre_CO
PreJD2
Pre_Melhane
Pre_Non_Melhane
Pre_NOx
PreJTHC
Post_CO
Post_CO2
Posl_O2
Post_Methane
Post_Non_Melhane
PosLNOx
Post_THC
QC_Apr.1_1999_19-40-50
Gas
Pr»_CO
Pre_CO2
Pre_O2
Pre_Melhane
Pre_Non_Methane
Pre_NOx
Pre_THC
Posl_CO
Post_CO2
Post_O2
Post^Melhano
Post_Noi\_Melhane
Posl_NOx
Posl THC
40 862 -0 188
1 992 -0 001
4 989 0
489 53 -488 878
-56 728
0047
52 197
19907
39965
-0031
Description: Post Run 15,16 Span Check
Slope Intercept
49 43 -0 023
25 002 -0 061
24 805 -0 059
493 993 -497 255
54766
99616
496912
-64506
-0502
-0019
40 862 -0 188
1 992 -0 001
4989 0
489 53 -488 878
52197
19907
39965
-56 728
0047
-0031
0 664 200
2641 10
2415 25
2 821 2000
2 785 200
2309 1000
2 273 2000
Zaro_Avg Span_Avg Range
3163
0369
0491
2894
2857
4663
5579
500
25
25
2000
200
1000
5000
0678 2001
2657 10
2415 25
286 2000
2758 200
2 352 1000
2 272 2000:
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing: Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Description: Reference Method Analyzers Dally Calibrations Engine Type: Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
Date: April 1,1999 Test Points: Test Runs 2/7,15,16,9A, 9, & 10
QC_Apr.1_1999_10:04:15
G«
Pr» CO
Pr«j:02
Pr«_O2
PnTMethina
Pre_Non_M«lnan«
Pr«_NOx
Pr«_THC
Port_CO
Po»fc02
Po$t_O2
Poitjultlhww
Po»l_Non_M«thin«
Po»l_NOx
PosfjHC
Description: Analyzer Calibration
Slope Intercept
19995 -0009
25002 -0061
24805 -0059
493993 -497.255
54 766 -64.506
99616 -0502
496912 -0019
40 662 -0 168
1.992 -0.001
4989 0
48953 -488876
52.197 -56.728
19907 0047
39965 -0031
QC_Apr,1_1999JO:14 47 Daicripllon: Sampl. Bill Check NO.
G»
Pre CO
Pre_CO2
Pr«_O2
Pre_Melhane
Pro Nun Melding
Slop*
19995
25002
24805
493 993
54766
lnurc.pt C»I_G»« Z«ro Avg Spin Avg
-0009
-0061
-0059
-497 255
-64506
109
904
12
901
91 1
0
0002
0002
1007
1 178
5452
0364
0486
2831
2841
Rang* ppn" or_%
200
25
25
2000
200
109
904
12
901
91.1
Pr»_THC
Ptat_CO
Post__CO2
Post_O2
Poit_Mothan«
l Non Malhina
^KiM^'
s^S&
Post THC
496912 -0019
40662 -0188
1 992 -0 OOt
4989 0
489 53 -488 676
52 197 -56 7?6
2750
269
516
12
901
91.1
•JH0|
901
0005
0
0
0999
1087
5534
0712
259
2405
2839
2.832
Bi^B!
2255
5000
200
10
25
2000
200
BfifiS
2000
2750
269
516
12
901
91.1
me
901
% Error
o
o
0
0
0
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Teat Program: EPA RICE Tasting:
Description: Reference Method Analyzers Daily Calibrations
Date: March 31,1999
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Engine Type: Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
Test Points: Test Runs 1 A, 5, 6,14, & 8
QC_Apr.J>1_1999J10-44-07 Description: S»mp1. Bi» Check NO*
Gi> Slop« Intercept Cal_Gas 2ero_Avg Sp«n_Ava
Pre.CO
Pr«_CO2
Pr»~O2
Pre_Methane
Pro Non Methane
1982
25267
24 MB
499012
48873
-0009
-0063
-0103
-503373
-49802
109
904
12
901
91.1
0
0002
0004
1009
1019
5504
0369
0491
2821
2832
Range ppm_or_%
200 109075
25
25
2000
200
9258
1216
904 534
88601
Pre_THC
Post CO
Post_C02
Po»t__O2
Posl_Melhane
Post Nan Methane
mm*--
Post THC
499.769
-004
40 461 -0 002
1997 -0.005
5002 -0019
494 606 -494 148
55 248 -54.793
2750
269
516
12
901
91 1
0
0003
0004
0999
0992
5656
0737
2634
2395
2787
2622
,WZ4j
222
5000 2826 58)
200 29 836
10 5 256
25 11961
2000 884 107
200 90 077
2000 893 122
QC_Apr.J>1_1999_00:19:07 Description: Post Run I Zero Check
Gas
Pre_CO
Pra_CO2
Pre~O2
PreJlAethane
Pre_Non_Melnane
Pre~NOx
PreJTHC
Po«_CO
Poil_C02
Po»fO2
Po>l_Methane
Po>l_Non_Melhane
Po»t_NOx
PosCTHC
QC Mar.31 1999_22:16:11
Gas
Pre CO
Pn~C02
Pr«_O2
Prejbklhane
Pre Non_Melhane
PnJHO*
Pr»_THC
Po»l_CO
Post_CO2
Post_O2
Po0-33:41 Description. Pott Run 8 Span Check
Gas ~ ~ Slope Intercept |^(jO«4|j Zaro_Avcj Span.Avg
Pre_CO
Pre_C02
Pre_O2
Pre_Methane
Pre_Non_Methane
Pre_NOx
Pre THC
Post_CO
Pos(_CO2
Post O2
Post_M«thane
Post_Non_Methane
Posl_NOx
Posl_THC
QC_Mar,31_1999_22:31.57
Gas
Pre_CO
Pre_C02
Pre~02
Pro_Uelhano
Pre_Non_Methane
Pre_NOx"
Pra_THC
Posl_CO
Posl_CO2
Posl_O2
Post Methane
Post_Non_Melhane
Posl_NOx
Post THC
494 606 -494 148
55 248 -54 793
199 393
402 323
Description- Post Run 14 Span Check
Slope Intercept
1982 -0009
25267 -0063
24 988 -0 103
499 082 -503 373
48 873 -49 802
99741 -0016
499 769 -0 04
40461 -0002
1 997 -0005
5002 -0019^
494 606 -494 146
55248
199393
402 323
-54793
-0554
-0031
Zero Avg Span Avg Range
547 200
0369 25
0 489 25
2 821 2000
2854 200
1076 1000
5599 5000
0 76 200
264 10;
2 395 25
2 787 2000
2 622 200
055 lOOO;
2213
2000
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing: Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited. Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Description: Reference Method Analyzers Daily Calibrations Engine Type: Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
Date: March 31,1999 Test Points: Test Runs 1A, 5, 6,14, & 8
QC_Mar,31_1999_19:14C2 Description: Post Run < Zero Check
Pre_CO
Pre_CO2
PnTo2
Pr»_Methan«
Pre_Non_Methane
Pra_NOx
Pre_THC
Posl_CO
Posl_CO2
Post_O2
Post_Methane
Post_Non_Methane
Poil_MOx
PosflHC
QC_Mar,}1 1999 17:01:1!
G»
Pr»_CO
Pr«_CO2
Pre_O2
Pre_Melhane
Pr»_Non_Methan«
Pnj_NOx~
Pr»_THC
Posl_CO
PosfcO2
Posl_O2
Posl_Methane
Posl_Non_Melhane
Po«t_NOx
Post THC
Slopa Intercept
19 82 -0 009
25 267 -0 063
24.988 -0103
499 082 -503 373
48873
S9741
499.769
-49802
-0016
-004
40461 -0002
1.997 -0005
5.002 -0019
494 606 -494 148
55248
199393
402 323
-54793
-0554
-0031
Description: Post Run 5 Zero Check
Slop* Intarcapt
1982 -0009
25 267 -0 083
24 988 -0 103
499082 -503373
48873
99741
499769
-49802
-0016
-004
40461 -0002
1 997 -0 005
5002 -0019
494606 -494148
55 248 -54 793
199.393 -0.554
402 323 -0 031
Zero_Avg Span_Avg Range
0 0008 200
0002 0002 25
0 004 0 004 25
1009 1 007 2000
1019 1 129 200
0 0 1000
0 0017 5000
0 0 200
0003 0005 10
0 004 0 004 25
0 999 0 999 2000
0 992 1 04 200
0003 0004 1000
0 0 2000
QC_Mar,31_1999_14:23:29 Description: Post Run 1A Zaro Chack
Gat
Pr»_CO
Pre~CO2
P«_02
Pn»_Methane
Pra_Non_Melhane
Pra_NOx
Pi»_THC
Poit_CO
Po$CcO2
Po«t_02
Po»l_M«thana
Posl_Non_M«thane
Posl_NOx
PosfTHC
Slop* Intarcapt
19 82 -0 009
25267 -0063
24.988 -0103
499 082 -503 373
48873
99741
499769
-49802
-0016
-004
Zero_Avg Span_Avg Ranga
200
25
25
2000
200
1000
5000
40461 -0002
1 997 -0 005
5002 -0019
494 608 -494 148
55248
199393
402 323
-54793
-0554
-0031
0
0002
0004
1009
1019
0
0
0
0003
0004
0999
0992
0003
0
0008
0002
0003
1007
1 151
0
0
0
0003
0
0999
1065
0004
0
200
10
25
2000
200
1000
2000
Description. Post Run 6 Span Chack
Slope
1982
25267
24988
499 082
48873
99741
499 769
QC_Mar,31_1999_19 32.21
Gas
Pre_CO
Pre_C02
Pre_O2
Pre_Melhane
Pre_Non_Methane
Pr«_NOx
Pre_THC
Posl_CO
Posl_CO2
Posl_O2
Post_Methane
Post_Non_Methane
Post_NOx
Posl_THC
QC_Mar.31jl999_17-23:59 Description. Post Run 5 Span Check
tS Zero_Avg Span^Avg Range
0 749 200
2641 10
239 25
287 2000
2 662 200
056 1000
2206 2000
Gas
Pt«_CO
Pre_CO2
Pre_02
Pre_Melhane
Pre_Non_Methane
Pre_NOx
Pre_THC
Post_CO
Poit_CO2
Posl_O2
Post_M0thane
Post_Non_Methane
Posl_NOx
Posl_THC
QC_Mar,31_1999_14,56;32
Ga<
Pre_CO
Pre_CO2
Pte_O2
Pre_Methane
Pre_Non_Melhane
Pre~NOx
PreJTHC
Posl_CO
Posl_CO2
Posl_O2
Post Mcslharw
Post_Non_Methane
Posl_NOx
Posl_THC
Slope Intercapt
19 82 -0 009
25 267 -0 063
24988
499 082
48873
99741
-0103
-503 373
-49 802
-0016
-004
499 769
40461
1 997
5002
494606 -494148
55 248 -54 793
199393
402 323
Description: Post Run 1A Span
Slope Intercept
1982 -0009
25 267 -0 063
24 988 -0 103
499 082 -503 373
48 873 -49 802
99741 -0016
499769 -004
0
0003
0004
0999
0992
0003
0
0741 200
2621 10
2 388 25
2862 2000
2615 200
0561 1000
2206 2000
Check
Zero_Avg Span_Avg
548
0362
0484
275
2816
1 103
5412
40461
1997
5002
-0002
-0005
-0019
494 606 -494 148
55 248 -54 793
199393
402 323
-0554
-0031
Range
200
25
25
2000
200
1000
5000
0734 200 tr
259 10
2 392 25
2779 2000
2 591 200
0.551 1000
2211 2000f
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Tasting: Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Description: Reference Method Analyzers Daily Calibrations Engine Type: Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
Dale: March 31,1999 Test Points: Test Runs 1A, 5, 6,14, & 8
QC_Mar,J1_1999_11:10:01 Description: Simple Bl» Ctwck NOx
Git
Pre_CO
Pr*_CO2
Pn~02
Pre_Melhsne
Pre Non Methane
Pr»_THC
Post_CO
PosfcO2
Pos(_O2
Po»t_M«riina
I Non Methane
Slop* Intercept C«l_G»i 2*ro_Avg Span_Avg Ring* ppro_or_X
1902 -0009
43 546 -0 108
24 988 .0 103
499 082 -503.373
48873 -49802
499.769
-004
40 461 -0 002
1 997 -0 005
5002 -0019
494606 -494148
55 248 -54.793
109
904
12
901
91.1
mm
2750
269
516
12
901
91.1
0
0002
0004
1009
1019
0
0003
0004
0.999
0.992
55
021
0484
28)4
2883
5503
0714
2586
2403
2821
2.641
200 109
25 904
25 12
2000 901
200 91.1
5000
2750
200 289
10 516
25 12
2000 901
200 91 1
Posl_THC
QC_Mar,31_19S9 11:00:59
Ga«
Pre_CO
Pr*_CO2
Pm_O2
PraJMefhm
Pr*_Non_M«than»
Pre_NOx
Pie~THC
Po«_CO
Po>l_CO2
Po«_O2
Posl_Melh»n«
Po»l_Non_Melhan*
Posl_NOx
Pojt_THC
OCJ»«r.J1_19S9_09:2S:17
Ga»
Pm.CO
PnTcO2
Pr*_O2
PnfMelhan*
Pr*_Non_M«1han*
Pro NOx
PmJTHC
Posl_CO
Po»fcO2
Posl_O2
Post_Melhan«
Poit_Non_Methane
Poil_NOx
Post THC
De.cripUon: Analyier Calibration
Slop* lnt*rc*pt
1982 -0009
43 S46 -0 101
24 988 -0 103
499 082 -503 373
48 873 -49.802
99741 -0016
499 769 -0.04
40 461 -0 002
1997 -0005
5 002 -0 019
494 606 -494 148
55248
199393
402 323
-54.793,
-OS54
-0.031
41254 -0987
1995 -0.001
4993 0
479601 -480036
-52.899
0022
50866
198 762
399635
QC Check
Z*ro_Avg. Span_Avfl Rang*
0 5407 200
0 002 0 349 25
0002 0475 25
1007 2889 2000
1.02S 2 815 200
0 005 4 593 1000
0 5 323 5000
0024 0718 200 2864
0 262 10 5228
0 2391 25 11938
901 1.001 2828 2000 876322
91 1 104 2 836 200 91365
-0031
460
901
2262
2228
1000 449667
2000 89023
QC_Mar,31_1999_11:29.23
Gas
Pr*_CO
Pr«_CO2
Pr* 02
Description: Sampl* Slat Check CH4 / Non-Ch4
Slop* Intercept Cal_Gaa Z*ro_Avg Span_Avg Rang* ppm_or_%
1962 -0009 109 0 55 200 109
43546 -0108 9.04 0002 021 25 904
24966 -0103 12 0004 0464 25 12
Pr*_NOx
Pr*_THC
Pos(_CO
Post_C02
Post_O2
99741
499 769
460
1170
4606
2129
40461 -0002 289 0 0714
1997 -0005 516 0003 2586
5002 -0019 12 0004 2403
1000 459415
5000 1063 956
200 28.9
10 516
25 12
Poit_NOx
Posl THC
199 393
402 323
1000 458011
2000 1113.508
OCJHJr,31J999_10.06.16 Description: Post Calaly*! QC Check
Ga>
Pra_CO
Pre_CO2
Pf*_M*thane
Pr«_Non_Methan*
Pr«_NOx
Pr*_THC
PoSt_CO
PosfcO2
Po3t_O2
Post_Methane
Post_Non_Methane
Posl_NOx
Posl_THC
Slop*
20112
25261
24801
491296
50554
99846
498 408
lnt*rc*pt Cal_G*a Z*ro_Avg Span.Avg
-0009 109 0 9999
-0062
-0059
-494 54
-51 799
-0503
-0019
9.04
12
901
91 1
460
2750
0002
0004
1007
1025
0
0
0002
0002
2889
2815
0
0
Rang* f
200
25
25
2000
200
1000
5000
ipm_or_%
201 085
0001
0001
925035
90505
-0488
0
41254
1995
4993
479 601
50866
198 762
399 635
0024 0627 200
0 2 516 10
0 2 393 25
1001 2 828 2000
1 04 2 836 200
0 2318 1000
0 2 294 2000
-00585
-212088
0
0
0
-0.1989
-28246
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing: Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Description: Reference Method Analyzers Dally Calibrations Engine Type: Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
Date: March 30,1999 Test Points: Analyzer Linerity - CH4/Non-CH4
QC Mir.,30 1999 10.51:05
OM
Pre_CO
Pre_C02
Pra_O2
PreJUIelhana
Pra_Non Mattiana
Pra_NOx~
Pre_THC
Posl_CO
Posl_C02
Po«t_O2
Posl.Mettum
Poil_Non_Mathana
Post_NOx
Pos(_THC
QCJMar.,10 1999 10:44:00
Gas
Pr«_CO
Praj:O2
Pre_Q2
Pre_Mathana
Pre.Non_Melh»n«
Pra_NOx
Pre~THC
Poit_CO
Po»I_CO2
Po»fo2
PoUJMalriana
PoK_Non Malhana
Poal_NOx~
Po«l_THC
Daacriptlon: Analyzer Lliwarlly - Low Valua
Slop* InUrc.pt Cal_Gaa Zaro.Avg Span.Avg Rang* ppm_or_%
20112 -0009 109 0 542 200 109
25261 4062 904 0002 036 25 904
24801 -0059 12 0002 0486 25 12
491.296 -494^MHif ' °°7 ' 927
50554 -51799HR|f| 1025 1959
99846 -0503 460 0005 4612 1000 460
498408 -0019 2750 0 5518 5000 2750
% Error
QC_Mar.,30_1999_11:13:22 DMCription: Analyzar Llnaarlty - High Valua
10449
-025
0769 0
4993 0
479601 -480038
50 866 -52 899
198 762
399635
0022
-0031
732
199
12
460
901
0024
0
0
1001
104
0
0
0724
200
732
2586 20
2 403 25
1.967 2000
1927 200
2314 1000
2 255 2000
Daacriptlon: Analyzar Calibration - CH4/Non-CH4
Slop* Intareapl Cal Gaa Zaro Avg Span_Avg Ranga ppm_or %
20112
25261
24801
491.296
50554
99.846
498.408
10449 -025
0.769 0
4993 0
479601 -480036
SO 866 -52 899
198762
399.635 -0031
0022
Gat
Pra_CO
Pre_CO2
Pra_O2
Pra_Methana
Pre_Non_Methane
Pra_NOx
Pra_THC
Post_CO
Posl_C02
Poil_O2
Poil_Mathana
Post_Non_Mothano
Posl_NOx
Post THC
Slopa Intarcapt Cal_Gaa Zaro_Avg Span_Avg Range
20112 -0009
25 261 -0 062
24801 -0059
491 296 -494 54
50 554 -51 799
99 846 -0 503
498 408 -0 019
109
542
200
0 002 0 36 25
0 002 0 486 25
1007 4 718 2000
1025 461 200
460 0005 4612 1000
2750
5518
5000
0 724 200
2.566 20
2.403 25
4 76 2000
4668 200
2314 1000
2 255 2000
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing: Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Description: Reference Method Analyzers Dally Calibrations Engine Type: Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
Date: March 30,1999 Test Points: NOx Converter Efficiency NO/NO2 Calibration Gas: 259.4ppm/181.3ppm
QC_M«r.,30_1999_10:51:05 Dturlption: No« Convnter EHIctoncy
Slop* Inlimpt C«t_G«« Z.ro_Avg Sp«n_Avg Rang* ppm_or_X
Pre_CO
Pr«IcO2
Pr*_02
Pn_Ma(lun>
Pre Non Methane
Pre.THC
Posl_CO
Poll CO2
Posfo2
PosfNon_Melh«ne
20112
25261
24801
491.296
50554
498 408
41254
1995
4993
479601
50 886
-0009
-0082
-0059
-49454
-51799
-0019
-0987
-0001
0
-480036
-52.899
109
904
12
1800
181
2750
289
516
12
1800
181
0
0002
0002
1007
1.025
0
0024
0
0
1001
104
542
036
0486
4718
461
5518
0724
2586
2403
476
4668
200
25
25
2000
200
5000
200
10
25
2000
200
WHti**!&m
109
904
12
1623 595
161241
2750
289
516
12
1802 742
184544
% Error
0
0
0
1 17975
01205
0
0
0
01371
1 772
Post THC
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing:
Description: Reference Method Analyzers Dally Calibrations
Date: March 30,1999
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Engine Type: Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
Test Points: FTIR Validation
QC_Mar.,30_1999_23.59:50 Description: Poit Test Zero Drift Check
G" Slop* lnl.rc.pl |gi|iifi Z.ro_AvB Span_Avg Rang*
20112 """^BallHH °
25261 -0062^BHHH| 0002
24801 -OOSSJHHH 0002
491 296 -494 54 BBHi 1 007
50554 -51799I^^Bi 1025
Pre_CO
Pr»_CO2
Pra_02
Pre_Mettiane
Pre_Non_Mmhane
Pre_NOx
Pre~THC
Post_CO
Posl_CO2
Post~O2
Posl^Mnlhan.
Poil_Non_M«lhan«
Post_NOx
Posl_THC
99846
498 408
-0503
-0019
41.254 -0987
1 995 -0 001
4993 0
479601 -480036
50866
198 762
399 635
-52899
0022
-0031
0005
0
0024
0
0
1001
104
0
0
0
0002
0002
1008
1092
0
0068
0019
0007
0002
0999
1099
0004
0
QC_Mar.,30 1999 21:15:01
Gas
Pre_CO
Pre_CO2
Pre_O2
Pre_M«lhan«
Pre_Non_Melhan*
Description:
Slope
20 112
25261
24801
491296
50554
: Sample Bias Ch.ck NOx
lnt.rc.pt Cal Gas Zero Avg Span Avg Rang* ppm or %
-0009
-0062
-0059
-49454
-51 799
109
904
12
1800
181
0
0002
0002
1007
1025
542
036
0486
4718
461
200
25
25
2000
200
109
904
12
1823 595
181 241
PreJTHC
Post_CO
PosfcO2
Posfo2
Post_Methane
Po«t_Non_Melhane
498 408
-0019
41254 -0987
1.995 -0001
4993 0
479 601 -480 036
50866 -52899
2750
289
516
12
1800
181
0024
0
0
1001
104
5518
0724
2586
2403
476
4668
5000
2750
200 289
10 516
25 12
2000 1802 742
200 184 544
QC_Mar.,31_1999_00:24-01 Description: Post Test Span Drift Check
Post_THC
QC.M
Pr«_CO
Pre_CO2
Pre_O2
Pre_Melhane
Pre_Non_Methan«
Pre_NOx
Pre~THC
Poil_CO
Posl_CO2
Post_02
Post_M«than«
Post_Non_Methana
Posl_NOx
Post THC
Slop* Intercept
20112 -0009
25261 -0062
24801
491296
50554
99846
498 408
41254
1 995
4993
479601
50866
198 762
399 635
-0059
-494 54
-51799
-0503
-0019
QC_Mar.,30_1999_10 44:00 Description: Analyz*r Calibration - CH4 / Non-CH4
Gas
Pre_CO
Pre_CO2
Pre_02
Pr«_Methane
Pn>_Non_Methane
Pre_NOx
Pre_THC
Post_CO
PosfcO2
Posl_O2
Post_Methane
Post_Non_Methane
Post_NOx
Post THC
Slop* Intercept
20112 -0009
25 261 -0 062
24801
491296
50554
99846
498 408
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing: Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Bum Engine
Description: Reference Method Analyzers Dally Calibrations Engine Type: Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
Date: March 28,1999 Test Points: Analyzer Unarity - Pro Catalyst
QC M«r..2« 1999_16:19:24
6*1
Pre.CO
Pre CO2
PnTtM
PraJIfetlurw
Pr»JJon_M«trnn«
Pr»_NOx
Pr«_THC
PoH_CO
Po«t.C02
Po«l_O2
Pott.Melharw
Po«_Non_M«lh«n*
Po«(_NOx
Pan THC
Ducrlptlon: Arnlyur Umartly - Low V*lu*
Slop*
19855
25175
24996
0
0
99853
499221
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
InUrctpl
-0455
-0061
-0084
0
0
-0.85
-0019
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
10
1.31
5.16
12
10
10
305
901
Z«ro_Avg Spin.Avg
0023
0002
0003
0
0
0.007
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
QC_M»r,JO_1999_11:36:30 Dncriptlon: Ar*lyi«rCalibration
Oat
Pr»_CO
Pl»_CO2
Pr«~O2
PmZlMhm
Pre_Non_M«lhane
Pr«_NO»
Pr«lTHC
Po«l_CO
PoifcOJ
Po»l_O2
Po»t_Melhine
Poit_Non_M«lhan«
Posl_NOx
Po»t~THC
732
518
12
10
10
305
801
CH4/Non-CHI
200
10
25
20
20
1000
2000
QC_Mar.,2I_1999_1s:13:45 Description: Arulyztr Llnority - High V»li»
G»
Pre_CO
Pre_CO2
Pre_O2
PralMathane
Pre_Non_M«thane
Pr«_NOx
Pf»_THC
Po»l_CO
Poil_CO2
Poal_O2
Po>I_Melhane
PostNon_Melh»ne
Poj|_NOx
Post_THC
Slop* lnt.rc.pt
19 855 -04S5
25175 -0061
24996
0
0
99853
498221
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Z*ro_Avg Span_Avg Ring*
0023
0002
0003
0
0
0007
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8013
0838
0842
0
0
9341
9172
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
200
-50
•SO
-3.es
-51 6
-48
-50
.50
-305
-45 05
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing: Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Description: Reference Method Analyzers Dally Calibrations Engine Type: Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
Date: March 28,1999 Test Points: Analyzer Linerlty - Post Catalyst
QC_Mar..J«_1999J18:4S:Ze OncripHon: An.lyi.r Llnurity - Low Valu.
Gu
Pre CO
Pr»~CO2
PraJD2
Pre_Me(hana
Pra_Non_MelhCo2
Post.Methine
Poj(_Non_Meth«no
Po»t_NOx
PosCTHC
Slop. Intercapt C«l_Gat Zaro_Avg Span_Avg Ring. (
19855 -0455 438 0023 2188 200
25175
24996
0
0
99,853
498221
-0061
-0084
0
0
.055
-0019
5.16
438
10
10
112
901
0002
0003
0
0
0007
0
0214
0178
0
0
1.1Z
1835
25
25
20
20
1000
5000
ipm_or_%
42.989
533
4369
0
0
111 165
914097
% Error
-0 4055
068
-0044
-50
-50
•00835
026194
0
0
0
-50
-50
0
0
Ga>
Pre_CO
Pre_C02
Pre_O2
Pre_Mathane
Pr»_Non_M»lhans
Pre_NO«
Pr»_THC
Posl_CO
Post_C02
POSIJ32
Post_M«tham
PoJt_Non_Melhane
Post_NOx
Post THC
Slop* tntarc.pt Cal_Gat Z«ro_Avg Span_Avg Ranga ppm_or_%
19855
25175
24996
0
0
99853
-0455
-0061
-0084
0
0
-065
438
516
438
10
10
112
0023
0002
0003
0
a
0007
2188
0214
0178
0
0
1 12
200
25
25
20
20
1000
42989
533
4369
0
0
111.165
498 221 -0019
1835
5000 914.097
108 200
4531 10
4 232 25
0 20
0 20
4645 1000
4462 2000
-------
SAMPLE LINE
LEAK CHECK
STATION Colorado State
DATE J/JoA
Pre ;Jesl Leak Check
TIME OF DAY
DURATION
INITIAL VACUUM
FINAL VACUUM
LAT
Post-Jest Leak Check
TIME OF DAY
DURATION
INITIAL VACUUM
FINAL VACUUM
,, . ,~ . „ r kM^
/u • " - °c s~t^
P.M.
± MIN.
z / in. HG
2 I in. HG
• ..:•'•.; ^>3^^^'Sv"^fc^•
/£> :ZS : OC- ^-^
QLM-
1 MIN.
^/ in.HG
ij in.HG
-------
SAMPLE SYSTEM
RESPONSE TIME
STATION Colorado State
DATE
-Catalyst Sample System
TIME OF DAY
: CX>
DURATION
/'/O
MINI.
ANALYSER TYPE
NGfl-ZQQQ
INITIAL READING
%
FINAL READING
:-Catalyst Sample System
TIME OF DAY
: 40 :
DURATION
MIN
ANALYSER TYPE
Oz.
INITIAL READING
FINAL READING
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX F
FTIR CALIBRATIONS
Emissions Testing Paciflc Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing: Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Description: FTIR Dally Calibrations - Nlcolet Rega 7000 Engine Type: Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
Date: March 31,1999 through April 2,1999 Test Points: Pre Catalyst
ai-Mtr-93 COLO
Measured Actual
(PPM) (PPM)
Pre Test
H2CO
H2CO Integrity
H2CO Recovery
CO 112104 109
Multl GU
Post Test
H2CO
H2CO Recovery
H2CO Integrity 113 603 109
CO
Multl Gas
COLO
1-Apr-99 Measured Actual
(PPM) (PPM)
Pre Test
H2CO
H2CO Integrity
H2CO Recovery
CO 115219 109
Multl Gas
Post Test
H2CO
H2CO Integrity
H2CO Recovery
CO 115398 109
Multl Gas
C02
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
655231 68000
68512 2 68000
CO2
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
6939123 68000
69078 51 68000
NO
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
250 2046 260
252 558 260
NO
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
254156
255 167 260
CH4
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
1296117 1300
CH4
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
1269906
1296117 1352599
H2CO
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
10293 1066
10434 1066
10434 10293
10362 1066
10221 1086
10221 10362
H2CO
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
10575 1066
10362 1066
10 362 10 575
10541 1066
10374 1066
10 374 10 541
CO
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
112104
190 7273
113603
193213
CO
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
115219
196009
115398
200681
NOX
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
! 251.9382 263
254 158 263
I.OX
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
255 882 263
257 087 263
Percent
Error
Percent
Error
2-Apr-99
Pre Test
H2CO
H2CO Integrity
H2CO Recovery
CO
Multl Gas
Post Test
H2CO
H2CO Integrity
H2CO Recovery
CO
Multl Gas
COLO
Measured Actual
(PPM) (PPM)
11294
11605
109
109
CO2
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
68648 98 68000
66225 06 68000
NO
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
251 7678 260
255 762
260
CH4
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
1269906 129913
1296117 1343133
H2CO
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
10352 1066
10514 1066
10514 10352
1064 1066
10308 1066
10308 1064
CO
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
11294
194 1578
11605
198 848
NOX
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
I 253 7322 263
257 331 263
Percent
Error
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing: Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Description: FTIR Dally Calibrations - Nlcolet Magna 560 Engine Type: Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
Date: March 31,1999 through April 2,1999 Test Points: Post Catalyst
31-Mar-99 COLO
Measured Actual
(PPM) (PPM)
Pre Test
H2CO
H2CO Integrity
H2CO Recovery
CO 10887926
MultlGu 1858193
Post Test
H2CO
H2CO Integrity
H2CO Recovery
CO 108 852
MuttlGis 184408
CO2 NO
Percent Measured Actual Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM) Error (PPM) (PPM)
i 64956 493 68000
66591 17 68000
249 23538 260
248 732 260
CH4
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
1292 8957 1300
1292748 1300
H2CO
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
105295 1066
1043 1066
1043 105295
1032046 1066
10322 1066
10322 10320461
NOX
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
25134166 263
Percent
Error
250954
263
1-Apr-99 COLO
Measured Actual
(PPM) (PPM)
Pre Test
K2CO
H2CO Integrity
H2CO Recovery
CO 10958
MuM Gas 184 78834
Post Test
H2CO
H2CO Integrity
H2CO Recovery
CO 10697
MultlGas 183442
CO2 NO
Percent Measured Actual Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM) Error (PPM) (PPM)
i 65990 545 68000
65492 46 68000
249 48742 260
248 01 260
CH4
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
12888787 1300
1284456 1300
Percent Measured
Error (PPM)
H2CO
Actual
(PPM)
10608 1066
10486 1066
10486 10.608
10532 1066
10634 1066
10634 10532
NOX
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
251 55548 263
Percent
Error
250172
263
2-Apr-99
Pre Test
H2CO
H2CO Integrity
H2CO Recovery
CO
Multl Gas
Post Test
H2CO
H2CO Integrity
H2CO Recovery
CO
Multl Gas
COLO
Measured Actual
(PPM) (PPM)
108 674
186.446
109596
187406
CO2 NO
Percent Measured Actual Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM) Error (PPM) (PPM)
6602165 68000
65016 21 68000
250 794 260
251 398 260
CH4
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
1288228 1300
1300498 1300
H2CO
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
10 726 10 66
10672 1068
10672 10726
10902 1066
11112 1066
11112 10902
NOX
Percent Measured Actual
Error (PPM) (PPM)
Percent
Error
252756
253 482
263
263
-------
FTIR
ANALYZER
LEAK CHECK
STATION Colorado State
DATE
Pre-Catalyst Sample System
TIME OF DAY
DURATION
INITIAL PRESSURE
FINAL PRESSURE
Post-Catalyst Sample System
TIME OF DAY
DURATION
INITIAL PRESSURE
FINAL PRESSURE
x, LA^t^^^^/J
&* :4
-------
FTIR
SAMPLE SYSTEM
LEAK CHECK
STATION Colorado State
DATE
CAT
Pre-7^ Leak Check
TIME OF DAY
DURATION
INITIAL FLOW RATE
FINAL FLOW RATE
Post-Testieak Check
TIME OF DAY
DURATION
INITIAL FLOW RATE
FINAL FLOW RATE
Of : ^ ^ v ' „ !
06, : £5 : On
d. MIN.
^"^ ^~r ^V^l ^^
Oi n T" n rr
"•• l u"
Oj n — T*n rr
TTH r\**i
N , ,;^^^^^e-
Cf? : O4- : C>O fli^\
1_ MIN.
\^^ ift. 1 Olr*'
(3 in.Tbrr
-------
COLORADO STA TE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX G
FTIR VALmATION
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
VALIDATION OF FTIR FOR THE ANALYSIS OF FORMALDEHYDE
Date Conducted: 30 March 1999
ANALYTE SPIKING: QUAD TRAINS
OUTLET
FEDERAL REGISTER CALCULATION METHOD
ENTER VALUE OF SPIKED LEVEL (CS)=
Dilution Factor for Unspiked Samples =
19.3
0.80
ENTER SPIKED AND UNSPIKED CONCENTRATIONS (COMPARABLE UNITS ASSUMED)
RUN#
1
2
3
4
5
6
AVERAGE:
CONCENTRATION IN PPM (WET)
SPIKED SAMPLES
A
24.20
24.40
24.30
24.20
24.20
24.60
Sm=
STANDARD DEVIATION:
BIAS'
B
24.70
23.80
23.60
24.40
23.90
24.60
[_ 24.24
SPIKED SDs=
UNSPIKED SDu=
RELATIVE STD RSDs=
RELATIVE STD RSDu=
UNSPIKED SAMPLES
C
8.78
7.45
7.47
7.50
7.44
7.87
Mm=
0.32
0.41
1.3%
5.5%
Corrected Unspiked Cone =
B=
STD OF MEAN SDm=
t-VALUE=
CRITICAL t-VALUE=
(n=12, alpha=95%)
-1.114
0.524
2.127
2.201
D
7.45
7.41
7.36
7.30
7.43
7.38
7.57
A-B
-0.50
0.60
0.70
-0.20
0.30
0.00
(A-B)A2
0.25
0.36
0.49
0.04
C-D
1.33
0.04
0.11
0.20
0.09 | 0.01
0.00
(acceptable)
(acceptable)
6.06
Bias not statistically significant, CF not needed.
I CORRECTION FACTOR
1.061
(Acceptable)
0.49
(C-D)A2
1.77
0.00
0.01
0.04
0.00
0.24
-------
VALIDATION OF FTIR FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ACETALDEHYDE
Date Conducted: 30 March 1999 OUTLET
ANALYTE SPIKING: QUAD TRAINS
FEDERAL REGISTER CALCULATION METHOD
ENTER VALUE OF SPIKED LEVEL (CS)= 4.8
Dilution Factor for Unspiked Samples = 0.80
ENTER SPIKED AND UNSPIKED CONCENTRATIONS (COMPARABLE UNITS ASSUMED)
CONCENTRATION IN PPM (WET)
SPIKED SAMPLES UNSPIKED SAMPLES
RUN# A
1 4.50
2 4.50
3 4.60
4 4.30
5 4.50
6 4.30
B
4.50
4.40
4.50
4.50
4.20
4.40
c
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
D
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
A-B (A-B)A2
0.00
0.10
0.10
-0.20
0.30
-0.10
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.09
0.01
C-D (C-D)A2
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
AVERAGE:
Sm=
4.43 Mm=
0.00
STANDARD DEVIATION:
SPIKED SDs=
0.12
UNSPIKED SDu=
RELATIVE STD RSDs=
0.00
2.6% (acceptable)
RELATIVE STD RSDu= #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
BIAS:
Corrected Unspiked Cone =
B= -0.367
0.00
STD OF MEAN SDm=
0.115
t-VALUE= 3.175
CRITICAL t-VALUE= 2.201
(n=12, alpha=95%)
Bias is statistically significant
CORRECTION FACTOR 1.083 (Acceptable)
-------
VALIDATION OF FTIR FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ACROLEIN
Date Conducted: 3 0 March 1999 OUTLET
ANALYTE SPIKING: QUAD TRAINS
FEDERAL REGISTER CALCULATION METHOD
ENTER VALUE OF SPIKED LEVEL (CS)= 17.0
Dilution Factor for Unspiked Samples = 0.80
ENTER SPIKED AND UNSPIKED CONCENTRATIONS (COMPARABLE UNITS ASSUMED)
CONCENTRATION IN PPM (WET)
SPIKED SAMPLES UNSPIKED SAMPLES
RUN#
1
2
3
4
5
6
AVERAGE:
STANDARD
A
17.70
18.20
18.40
17.40
18.20
17.90
Sm=
DEVIATION:
SPIKED SDs=
UNSPIKED SDu=
18
17,
18
17
17
19
B
.10
.90
.40
.40
.90
.00
18.04
c
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Mm=
0.36
0.00
D
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
A-B (A-B)A2
-0
0
0
0
0
-1
.40
.30
.00
.00
.30
.10
0.16
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.09
1.21
C-D (C-D)A2
0
0
0
0
0
0
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
BIAS:
RELATIVE STD RSDs= 2.0% (acceptable)
RELATIVE STD RSDu= #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Corrected Unspiked Cone =
B= 1.042
0.00
STD OF MEAN SDm=
0.359
t-VALUE= 2.898
CRITICAL t-VALUE= 2.201
(n=12, alpha=95%)
Bias is statistically significant
CORRECTION FACTOR 0.942 (Acceptable)
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Pagel
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing:
Description: FTIR Daily Calibrations - Nicolet Magna 560
Date: March 30,1999 Time: 19.58.54 to
22 06 21
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Engine Type: Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
Test Points: Post Catalyst Validation
time
5682
11614
17671
23604
29661
35594
4165
47582
53512
59573
65502
71559
774.9
83551
89605
95664
101595
107656
1137 1
119774
125899
131759
1378 16
143752
149803
1557 37
161792
1677 31
173781
179715
18577
191709
19776
203819
209749
215815
221738
2278 16
233853
2397 92
2457 16
2517 76
2578 31
263769
26982
2757 53
281 809
287744
2938
2997.4
305791
311853
317903
323838
329892
335832
3417.55
3478.16
H2CO
24.17
2472
24.44
2395
878
7.45
827
235
24.35
23.83
19.29
7.45
741
1472
2418
2427
2363
15.77
7.47
7.36
717
21 85
2423
24.46
7.54
726
7.44
21.29
2416
23.87
1403
7.44
7.43
19.88
24.58
24.6
7.87
7.38
9.78
23.95
23.78
2033
7.46
7.44
7.27
7.39
7.4
7.36
7.27
7.3
7.28
7.26
7.14
7.23
6.48
093
096
2.46
IHH2CO
048
048
049
049
0.43
0.41
0.41
047
048
0.48
0.46
041
0.41
0.43
0.47
0.47
047
0.44
0.43
042
042
0.46
048
0.48
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.47
0.48
0.47
0.45
0.42
0.42
0.45
0.49
0.49
0.43
0.43
0.42
0.48
0.48
0.47
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.42
042
0.42
0.42
0.42
042
0.4
0.31
0.3
0.32
ACROL
17.95
17.71
18.11
18.15
0
0
0
18.28
18.22
17.86
12.52
0
0
8.31
17.72
18.37
18.37
9.7
0
0
0
16.94
17.39
17.44
0
0
0
16.49
18.23
17.85
7.89
0
0
15.06
17.92
19
0
0
0
18.19
1858
14.32
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
C
0
0
0
(•HACROl
5.02
5.11
509
508
4.35
4.3
43
5.01
498
506
4.91
4.27
428
4.58
5.07
502
5.13
4.71
432
4.34
4.24
4.92
5.13
5.14
4.33
4.39
425
487
SOS
5.18
4.75
4.42
4.38
4.92
5.21
5.21
4.52
4.39
4.49
5.16
5.17
4.96
4.51
4.39
4.36
4.42
4.5
4.48
4.42
4.47
4.46
4.46
4.5
4.52
4.44
2.23
1.96
246
MECHO
469
448
4.45
46
0
0
0
4.71
4.54
4.37
3
0
0
1.66
4.2
4.55
445
1.87
0
0
0
4.22
4.33
4.45
0
0
0
3.88
4.48
421
0
0
0
3.68
4.26
4.36
0
0
0
4.5
4.22
3.64
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.25
0
093
+-1MECHC CRUD
1.34
1.36
1.37
1.37
1.2
1 15
1.16
1.32
1 36
1.36
1 3
1.16
1.15
1 22
1.33
1.33
1.33
1.25
1.2
1.19
1.18
1.3
1 35
1.35
1.16
1.17
1.19
1.31
1.34
1.34
1.27
1.18
1.19
1.28
1.38
1.37
1.21
1.2
.19
.36
.36
.32
.19
.19
.19
.18
.21
1.2
.17
.19
.18
.19
.17
.19
13
088
085
09
026
025
025
026
0
0
0
026
026
025
015
0
0
0
025
026
026
008
0
0
0
023
024
026
0
0
0
022
026
025
0
0
0
019
025
026
0
0
0
026
026
019
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(+OCRUD
006
006
006
006
007
007
007
006
006
006
007
007
007
007
006
006
006
007
007
007
007
008
006
006
007
007
007
006
006
007
007
007
007
007
007
006
007
007
007
006
006
007
007
007
007
007
007
007
007
007
007
007
007
007
007
002
002
003
COLO
909
905
917
907
1185
1217
1197
933
924
935
997
1217
1221
1057
918
907
917
1046
1211
1208
1225
924
917
921
11 98
1206
1218
955
93
916
1084
1202
1225
976
926
922
1199
1216
1168
919
906
979
1202
1218
1216
1216
1192
1203
1214
1212
1204
1207
1218
1219
1061
0
035
322
(+-1COLO CO2
078 2849845
077 2872013
0 78 28781 54
076 285141
067 3474305
066 3545967
068 3495754
076 2866509
075 2853446
075 2873448
072 3069929
065 3529343
064 3537521
068 3241289
0 74 28671 21
076 2850337
074 2858471
073 318898
065 3538603
066 3549309
067 3524063
0 72 29089 8
077 2894417
078 2859665
067 3519452
069 3533538
069 3516705
075 2917761
078 2836399
081 2860463
074 3280477
068 3525089
069 3516507
0 76 29871 38
078 2871955
079 2838529
069 3512898
068 3528735
0 69 33931 62
078 2850938
077 2641817
0 78 29680 98
069 3506211
068 3518682
068 3513226
069 3519815
069 3540361
069 35157.11
069 3514095
07 3539668
0 68 35272 5
069 351903
07 3528246
07 3527864
068 3140341
0 34 696 84
03 73415
0 38 8737 88
(+-1CO2
72615
73862
73285
73313
66537
65935
67225
72227
7235
73087
71674
65644
66499
68628
72503
72445
73577
711 12
66994
6645
65785
71973
73826
74258
66351
67586
65812
6998
72807
74733
71391
67677
6726
72441
75943
751 04
69015
68542
68356
741 5
73379
73434
691 48
678
68063
68592
6935
67923
68082
68688
69198
68062
6886
6989
68888
35735
31316
3951
NO
1204
12729
12756
121 05
15563
16903
15245
13213
12548
1189
13821
1564
15305
14898
11592
12056
12408
13287
16013
16032
15333
13088
12907
11728
161 8
15961
1523
13525
12551
11814
15343
16018
14907
13302
121 59
11734
1616
161 23
14568
12402
1246
12307
15258
162.27
1532
161,69
16706
1518
15532
16265
151 44
15008
15838
15332
12398
0
0
324
(+-1NO
862
876
877
861
786
803
781
852
857
856
848
764
761
81
839
841
855
808
775
782
758
829
87
856
787
797
77
845
865
881
848
798
78
85
889
878
82
806
792
874
882
862
795
807
786
805
831
801
801
818
803
797
81
815
757
35
306
381
NO2
2072
2125
21
2068
2426
252
2385
21 26
2099
2051
221
24 17
238
233
2045
2061
2089
223
2479
2464
2404
21 71
21 17
2031
246
2439
2381
21 59
2077
2035
2368
2453
2346
21 64
205
20
2423
2446
2316
2045
2042
2095
2367
244
2379
246
2492
237
2407
2471
24
2383
2445
2428
2276
1012
918
1237
(+-1N02
1713
1728
1739
1717
1482
1484
1489
1673
1692
1705
1648
146
1454
1547
1695
1688
1704
1605
1463
1473
1462
1649
1724
1734
1495
1513
1503
1665
1742
179
1655
1532
1527
1695
1782
1775
1575
1546
1553
1759
1767
1735
1552
1537
1521
1537
1553
1542
1532
1549
1548
1547
1545
1571
1523
937
8.79
95
NOX
141 12
14854
14856
14173
1799
19423
1763
15339
14647
13941
1603
18057
17685
17228
13637
141 18
14497
15518
18492
18496
17738
15258
15024
13759
18641
18401
17611
15684
14628
13849
17711
18471
17253
15465
14209
13734
18583
18569
16884
14447
14502
14402
176.26
18667
17699
18629
19198
17549
179.4
18736
17544
17392
18283
1776
14674
0
0
4477
(t-)NOX
2576
2603
2616
2578
2268
2288
2271
2525
2548
2561
2495
2224
2215
2357
2533
2529
2559
2413
2239
2255
2221
2478
2594
259
2282
231
2273
251
2608
267
2503
233
2307
2545
2672
2652
2395
2352
2346
2632
2649
2598
2347
2344
2306
2342
2384
2343
2333
2367
2351
2344
2354
2385
228
1287
11 85
133
CH4
63089
64019
641 67
63591
781 22
79695
79237
63744
63978
63439
671 38
79282
80442
72816
63917
63689
62976
71684
81807
80477
79294
84773
65077
63757
78976
80509
79718
65575
6304
6392
73993
78782
79919
66889
63581
63336
79485
80246
76919
631 57
63681
66514
79578
80087
79046
80606
79305
79017
79715
789.03
80258
8012
79645
79624
671 47
11.11
866
15242
(+-)CH4
1105
11
1094
1095
11 14
11 41
11 28
1088
1084
1077
1075
1086
1075
1064
1052
1057
1061
1087
1081
11 13
11 19
1093
1092
1098
11 54
116
1185
11 24
11 33
11 48
11 81
1182
11 81
11 38
11 2
11 25
11 6
11,67
11.57
11 2
11 18
11 31
11 57
1162
11 54
1154
1153
1154
1155
11.53
115
1158
11 57
11 59
986
1 18
109
288
time
5682
11614
17671
23604
29661
35594
4165
47582
53512
59573
65502
71559
7749
83551
89605
95664
101595
107656
11371
119774
125699
131759
1378 16
1437 52
149803
155737
161792
1677 31
1737 81
1797 15
18577
191709
1977.6
203819
209749
215815
221738
227816
233853
2397.92
2457.16
251776
257831
263769
26982
2757.53
281809
2877.44
2938
2997.4
305791
311853
317903
323838
329892
335832
341755
347816
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Page 2
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing:
Description: FTIR Daily Calibrations - Nicolet Magna 560
Date: March 30,1999 Time: 19:58:54 to
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Engine Type: Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
Test Points: Post Catalyst Validation
C2H4
222
216
224
228
292
303
299
221
228
215
251
299
306
261
216
225
223
248
305
297
296
217
226
226
279
298
308
224
229
229
283
296
294
222
218
227
267
295
277
221
216
238
31
305
297
292
295
288
303
291
281
29
308
287
251
0
0
0
(+-1C2H4
1 18
12
12
1 2
102
101
101
1 18
1 17
1 19
1 16
101
1 01
108
1 19
1 18
1 21
1 11
102
1 02
1
1.16
1.21
1 21
1 02
1.04
1
1 15
1 19
122
1 12
1 04
1.03
1 16
1 23
1.23
1 07
1.03
106
1 21
122
1 17
106
103
103
104
106
106
1 04
105
105
105
106
107
105
052
046
058
C2H6
6462
6569
6569
6534
7813
7966
7951
6541
6566
6495
6818
7879
8002
7321
6511
6506
6441
7228
81 52
8007
7896
6623
6643
6537
7925
8069
798
6732
6508
657
7515
7897
8017
6848
6557
6529
7979
8051
7767
6548
6601
6878
80.27
81 05
7994
81 5
8012
7974
8056
7929
808
8066
8023
8011
6927
291
252
1909
{+-IC2H6
668
67
674
669
639
63
634
663
668
668
655
636
638
643
667
668
665
648
636
64
634
658
676
674
638
637
635
661
669
675
654
636
635
656
676
675
642
64
637
672
677
664
643
643
6.38
64
643
64
641
637
639
638
637
64
58
1 71
151
242
C3HB
1315
1326
1319
1324
1379
1354
1363
1308
1309
1311
1298
1345
1355
1326
1304
1309
1275
1333
1368
1352
1361
13
1302
1302
1351
1357
1368
1325
1302
1317
1342
1338
1364
1309
131
1319
1363
1372
1353
1309
132
1304
1369
137
1357
1372
1342
1353
1367
133
1348
1359
1319
13.1
11 29
1 22
1 17
35
(+-1C3H8
43
431
434
431
411
406
408
426
43
43
421
409
411
413
429
43
428
417
409
412
408
423
435
433
41
41
409
425
43
434
421
409
408
422
435
434
413
412
41
432
435
427
413
414
411
412
413
412
412
41
411
411
41
412
373
1 1
097
1 56
THC
871 02
88366
88526
87838
10679
108784
108262
87963
88286
87532
92307
1081 26
109694
99712
88079
87847
868 17
98266
111542
109721
108212
89237
89636
8796
107849
109886
108887
90427
871 09
88257
101481
1075 69
1091 44
92062
87812
87527
108511
109598
105251
87323
88031
91714
108825
109535
1081 07
1101 81
108381
108008
109013
1077 35
109568
109436
10874
108628
92017
0
0
2169
(+-)THC H2O
7002 1667878
7045 1674169
7072 1682597
6968 1671153
6492 1524364
653 150931 8
6531 1512717
6928 1650336
6962 166181 2
7017 1667486
6811 1638167
6468 1504924
6418 1509329
6619 1582154
6872 1668121
69 41 166822 8
6946 1673981
6742 1608394
6428 1507152
6513 1519489
646 1506409
68 26 163788
7051 1677735
70 51 168248 7
6564 152474
6555 152981 7
6528 1521636
6863 1641906
7084 1674928
71 63 169436
6934 1619265
659 1536165
6606 1534091
693 164721 5
71 4 169557
71 42 169485 1
6682 1568387
6588 1547737
6666 1556701
706 1687583
71 54 1693649
7019 1671486
6677 1563188
6617 1549826
66 1539048
667 154731 4
669 1559548
6637 1551258
6596 1544888
6629 155306
6652 1553575
6646 1548743
6627 1549662
6704 1561795
61 86 1512632
23 89 76832 5
21 45 66430 98
29 92 84791 53
(+-IH2O
2046 62
204403
197662
204714
2428 37
2447 81
2487 89
2131 47
2073 26
2061 66
2171 92
24503
246911
231293
2041 68
203981
203756
2289 19
2493 81
2436 69
2451 57
218669
2020 91
200394
24185
244696
24083
2106 27
201 1 09
1939 15
2246 43
2430 37
2422 38
2151 22
1961 97
194591
2367 14
2422 72
2391 01
196875
190908
204586
239085
2389 89
2435 34
24263
240945
23895
241665
2409 16
24258
2402 78
2427 39
2420 65
2564 15
171974
14823
19379
SF6
034
033
033
034
0
0
0
034
034
033
023
0
0
015
033
034
034
016
0
0
0
032
033
033
0
0
0
031
034
033
012
0
0
028
033
034
0
0
005
034
034
027
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(+-1SF6
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
001
001
001
MEOH
616
614
621
591
0
0
0
551
605
655
443
0
0
0
67
624
64
0
0
0
0
527
692
654
0
0
0
485
642
672
0
0
0
432
662
621
0
0
0
544
641
516
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(+-1MEOH
437
441
435
452
379
374
377
419
445
434
425
37
377
395
439
437
443
412
365
384
37
423
445
445
376
374
372
423
435
445
412
379
383
423
446
445
39
38
396
457
44
441
407
387
379
38
393
387
382
389
389
38
377
393
381
195
1 67
223
NMHC
871 02
88366
88526
87838
10679
108784
108262
87963
88286
67532
92307
1081 26
109694
99712
88079
87847
86817
98266
111542
109721
108212
89237
89636
8796
107849
1098 86
108887
90427
871 09
882.57
101481
1075 69
1091 44
92062
87812
87527
108511
109598
105251
87323
88031
91714
108825
109535
1081 07
1101 81
108381
108008
109013
1077 35
109568
1094 36
10874
108628
92017
0
0
2169
(+-1NMHC
7002
7045
7072
6968
6492
653
6531
6928
6962
7017
6811
6468
6418
6619
6872
6941
6946
6742
6428
6513
646
6826
7051
7051
6564
6555
6528
6863
7084
71 63
6934
659
6606
693
71 4
71 42
6682
6588
6666
706
71 54
7019
6677
6617
66
667
669
6637
6596
6629
6652
6646
6627
6704
6186
2389
21 45
2992
-------
VALIDATION OF FTIR FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ACROLEIN
Date Conducted: 30 March 1999 INLET
ANALYTE SPIKING: QUAD TRAINS
FEDERAL REGISTER CALCULATION METHOD
ENTER VALUE OF SPIKED LEVEL (CS)= 15.0
Dilution Factor for Unspiked Samples = 0.80
ENTER SPIKED AND UNSPIKED CONCENTRATIONS (COMPARABLE UNITS ASSUMED)
CONCENTRATION IN PPM (WET)
SPIKED SAMPLES UNSPIKED SAMPLES
RUN# A
1 14.90
2 14.40 '
3 14.40
4 14.90
5 14.60
6 14.50
B
14.80
14.60
14.20
14.80
14.70
14.70
c
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
D
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
A-B
0.10
-0.20
0.20
0.10
-0.10
-0.20
(A-B)A2
0.01
0.04
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.04
C-D (C-D)A2
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
AVERAGE:
Sm=
14.63 Mm= 0.00
STANDARD DEVIATION:
SPIKED SDs=
0.11
UNSPIKED SDu=
0.00
RELATIVE STD RSDs= 0.8% (acceptable)
RELATIVE STD RSDu= #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
BIAS:
Corrected Unspiked Cone =
B= -0.375
0.00
STD OF MEAN SDm=
0.112
t-VALUE= 3.354
CRITICAL t-VALUE= 2.201
(n=12, alpha=95%)
Bias is statistically significant
CORRECTION FACTOR 1.026 (Acceptable)
-------
H2CO-INLET
VALIDATION OF FTIR FOR THE ANALYSIS OF FORMALDEHYDE
Date Conducted: 30 March 1999
ANALYTE SPIKING: QUAD TRAINS
INLET
FEDERAL REGISTER CALCULATION METHOD
ENTER VALUE OF SPIKED LEVEL (CS)=
Dilution Factor for Unspiked
Samples =
20.9
0.80
ENTER SPIKED AND UNSPIKED CONCENTRATIONS (COMPARABLE UNITS ASSUMED)
CONCENTRATION IN PPM (WET)
RUN#
1
2
3
4
5
6
SPIKED SAMPLES
A
34.70
34.40
34.10
34.30
35.10
34.90
UNSPIKED SAMPLES
B C
34.40 15.80
34.30 15.90
34.90 1 15.80
35.00 16.00
35.30 16.00
35.20 16.00
D A-B
15.90i 0.30
16.00 0.10
15.90J -0.80
(A-B)A2l C-D_
0.09 -0.10
(C-D)A2
0.01
0.01 -0.10 | 0.01
0.64 | -0.10 0.01
16.10J -0.70 0.49 -0.10 0.01
15.90[ -0.20 0.04 0.10 , 0.01
16.00 -0.30 0.09 0.00 0.00
i
AVERAGE:
Sm=
34.72 Mm=
j
1
STANDARD
DEVIATION:
15.94
| I
SPIKED SDs= ' 0.34
1
1 UNSPIKED SDu=
RELATIVE STD RSDs=
0.06
1.0%
(acceptable)
i i
1 RELATIVE STD RSDu=
0.4%
(acceptable)
i
BIAS:
1 Corrected Unspiked Cone =
B=
STD OF MEAN SDm=
t-VALUE=
| CRITICAL t-VALUE=
(n=12,alpha=95%)
1.063
0.343
3.102
12.75_
I
2.201
Bias is statistically significant
CORRECTION FACTOR 0.952
|
i
I
1
1
I
'(Acceptable) ' '
END OF ANALYTE SPIKING SPREADSHEET. PRESS "HOME"-KEY TO RETURN.
Pagel
-------
VALIDATION OF FTIR FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ACETALDEHYDE
Date Conducted: 30 March 1999 INLET
ANALYTE SPIKING: QUAD TRAINS
FEDERAL REGISTER CALCULATION METHOD
ENTER VALUE OF SPIKED LEVEL (CS)= 4.5
Dilution Factor for Unspiked Samples = 0.80
ENTER SPIKED AND UNSPIKED CONCENTRATIONS (COMPARABLE UNITS ASSUMED)
CONCENTRATION IN PPM (WET)
SPIKED SAMPLES UNSPIKED SAMPLES
RUN# A
1 3.90
2 3.50
3 3.70
4 3.90
5 3.70
6 4.00
B
3.80
3.60
3.50
3.80
3.70
3.80
c
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
D
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
A-B
0.10
-0.10
0.20
0.10
0.00
0.20
(A-B)A2
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.01
0.00
0.04
C-D (C-D)A2
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
AVERAGE:
Sm=
3.74 Mm= 0.00
STANDARD DEVIATION:
SPIKED SDs=
0.10
UNSPIKED SDu=
RELATIVE STD RSDs=
0.00
2.6% (acceptable)
RELATIVE STD RSDu= #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
BIAS:
Corrected Unspiked Cone =
B= -0.758
0.00
STD OF MEAN SDm=
0.096
t-VALUE= 7.921
CRITICAL t-VALUE= 2.201
(n=12, alpha=95%)
Bias is statistically significant
CORRECTION FACTOR 1.203 (Acceptable)
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Pagel
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing:
Description: FTIR Daily Calibrations - Nicolet Rega 7000
Date: March 30,1999 Time: 1942:34 to
22:0212
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Engine Type: Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
Test Points: Pre Catalyst Validation
time
5835
11478
17122
22765
28407
34052
39695
45337
5098
56623
62265
67908
73552
791 92
84835
90478
961 2
1017.63
1074 07
1130.48
118692
1243 35
1299.78
13562
141263
146905
152548
158192
163833
169478
1751 2
1807.63
1864.07
192048
1976.92
203335
2089.78
214622
220263
225907
23155
2371 92
2428.35
2484 78
2541.2
2597.63
2654 05
271048
276692
2823 35
2879 77
29362
299263
304905
3105 48
3161 92
321833
3274 77
3331 2
338763
3444 05
35005
H2CO
15.67
15.81
1S.91
19.6
33.85
31.34
37.35
3524
34.7
34.41
34.78
2781
1S.8
15.87
21.61
34.39
3432
34.32
28.03
15.92
16
20.77
33.42
34.06
34.9
33.01
16.4
15.79
15.93
20.04
34.27
34.99
32.41
16.07
15.94
16.03
29.6
35.07
35.29
29.37
15.98
15.9
21.47
34.87
35.16
29.36
16.02
15.96
20.97
34.56
35.1
31.75
16.19
15.92
15.91
15.87
1593
1594
1597
1583
15.87
15.89
I+-)H2CO
035
0.35
0.35
0.38
0.53
051
057
0.54
0.54
0.53
0.54
0.46
0.35
0.35
0.39
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.46
0.35
0.36
0.39
0.53
0.53
0.54
0.51
0.36
0.35
0.35
0.38
0.53
0.54
0.51
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.48
0.54
0.55
0.48
035
0.35
0.4
0.54
0.54
0.48
0.35
0.35
039
0.53
0.54
0.51
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
035
0.35
0.35
0.35
035
ACROL
0.35
033
0.44
4.93
17.83
21.34
14.18
14.86
14.89
14.83
15.01
10.5
0.78
0.89
4.97
14.35
14.58
14.32
10.19
0.81
0.57
4.66
13.76
14.41
14.18
13.18
1.13
0.21
0.73
4.68
14.86
14.75
12.81
0.6
0.5
0.4
12.27
14.58
14.67
1025
0.91
0.36
5.37
14.5
14.67
11.1
0.37
0.82
5.47
14.86
14.91
12.87
0.45
083
0.17
0.61
0.77
05
061
0.44
047
0.45
(t-)ACROl
1.23
1 21
1.25
1.3
1.86
1.9
1.71
1.73
1.69
1.74
1.73
1.57
1.23
1.18
1.35
1.68
1.73
1.71
1.6
1.25
1.27
1.4
1.71
1.69
1.73
1.67
1.28
1.25
1.24
1.27
1.7
1.71
169
1.23
1.25
1.23
1.62
1.66
1.81
1.53
1.17
1.21
1.41
1.72
1.75
.57
.24
.21
.37
.74
.75
1.69
1.26
1 21
1.17
1.28
1.26
1 25
1.2
123
1.26
121
MECHO
-0.83
-0.73
-0.68
0.94
5.1
6.64
3.64
388
3.85
382
3.68
2.34
-0.81
-0.78
0.83
352
3.6
3.65
2.07
-0.79
-085
0.81
344
3.66
3.51
335
-0.5
-0.77
•0.7
0.39
3.88
3.83
303
-0.71
•0.9
-0.94
3.09
3.7
366
2.44
-0.83
-082
0.76
4.03
3.79
2.66
-084
-0.73
0.66
3.93
3.99
3.29
-0.72
-0.79
-08
-0.63
-0.66
•08
•O.87
-068
-0.73
•O71
I+-JMECHC COLO
1.19
1.21
1.2
1.29
1.76
1.7
186
1.78
1.77
1.76
1.77
1.52
1.21
1.2
1.34
1.76
1.75
1.75
1.54
1.2
1.22
1.33
1.74
1.74
1.78
1.7
1.22
1.19
1.21
1.3
1.76
1.79
1.7
1.2
1.21
1.22
1.59
1.78
1.8
1.6
1.2
1.19
1.37
1.77
1.77
1.58
1.21
1.2
1.33
1.76
1.79
1.68
1.2
1.2
1 2
1.21
1.21
1.21
1.2
1.2
1.19
1.2
7834
7935
7888
7368
6081
5867
6415
64 18
6359
6298
6362
6899
786
7985
741
6475
6463
6454
6917
7962
7969
7325
6399
6378
6382
6544
7865
7913
7894
7456
6363
6371
658
7895
7876
6026
6645
6471
643
6783
7851
797
7375
6432
6403
693
793
7992
7492
6384
6319
6658
7922
7899
7969
7955
7876
7919
7942
7981
7849
7912
(+-JCOLO
04
042
041
037
028
027
03
03
029
029
03
035
04
042
038
03
029
031
033
042
043
034
031
03
029
031
041
041
041
038
03
029
031
041
04
042
03
029
03
032
041
04
037
03
031
033
042
043
036
03
029
031
04
039
042
041
041
041
04
043
04
041
CO2
34981 95
34939 74
3510564
33069 85
27079 87
2615293
28828 72
28456 12
28389 28
28462 56
28455 76
30548 39
34961 12
34962 05
32737 4
2874817
2865914
28592 88
3060259
34901 92
3501788
33045 71
2873S 94
28541 24
28542 44
2905596
34683 26
35043 82
3498295
33074 57
28625 97
2841788
29222 95
3495313
35039 03
34943 37
29727 87
28471 76
28298 01
30430 24
350519
34907 65
32722 43
28558 05
28264 66
3020842
35017 59
34882 01
3276615
28539 39
28471 51
2929034
34819 19
35043 49
34936 94
3509678
35055 92
3513438
34945 82
35131 55
35032 84
34861 55
(+-)CO2
444 16
43894
44082
45476
51756
49761
52861
50883
51438
51862
52992
50785
44674
44361
47001
51806
51774
53341
50018
44765
45446
47137
5136
51694
52657
51629
4499
44315
44736
46869
52225
52761
521 99
44356
44894
45336
5051
52604
531 13
507,04
44571
44484
47334
51987
53202
50547
45079
4454
47074
52062
531 85
50528
45205
44042
44375
44381
4505
43555
44743
44473
43841
45049
NO
151 73
14632
14858
14739
11059
10869
12895
11833
12294
12695
121 31
12679
15809
15386
1362
13084
12067
11627
13642
14803
14227
1481
11554
11594
1236
11785
141 85
15931
14323
13763
12887
12127
11784
15296
15101
1421
13368
12472
11394
13254
15756
14297
13531
12362
11235
1264
15669
14625
1348
12328
121 03
11727
14208
15289
14493
15221
15584
15219
13944
15554
1496
13847
(t-)NO
849
83
84
849
823
783
875
834
843
863
847
817
871
865
821
875
839
835
861
836
82
86
815
82
862
823
815
878
824
817
861
852
834
853
85
821
853
856
833
849
875
817
821
858
83
835
868
828
811
856
849
813
819
856
831
855
869
858
809
869
845
806
NO2
2968
2945
2941
272
1935
1994
2049
2063
2087
2066
2051
2351
2949
2955
2639
2104
2093
2057
2375
2947
2953
269
21 17
21 02
2044
21 45
2938
2991
2955
2729
21 25
2064
21 48
2973
2967
297
2306
21 12
2058
2341
2988
2991
26,81
2092
2032
232
2976
2998
2702
2093
2098
2235
2954
2979
299
302
3004
3009
3016
3022
30
3002
(+-)N02
59
592
592
593
724
656
721
706
696
709
711
635
592
595
603
703
703
724
652
594
596
607
693
7
729
691
593
593
596
598
691
726
712
593
595
594
656
704
736
661
597
596
607
71
735
662
596
592
601
717
721
675
596
595
595
594
597
596
598
596
599
598
NOX
181 4
17577
17799
17459
12995
12863
14944
13896
1438
1476
141 82
1503
18758
18342
16259
151 88
141 6
13683
16018
17749
171 8
175
13871
13697
14404
1393
171 24
18921
17278
16493
15013
141 91
13931
18269
18069
171 8
15673
14584
13452
15595
18744
17288
16212
14454
13267
14959
18645
17623
161 82
14421
14201
13962
171 61
18268
17483
18241
18588
18228
1696
18576
17959
16849
(•HNOX
1439
1422
1433
1442
1547
1439
1596
1541
1538
1572
1558
1453
1483
146
1425
1579
1541
1559
1513
1429
14 16
1467
1509
152
1591
1514
1408
1471
142
1415
1553
1578
1545
1447
1445
14 14
1509
1559
1569
151
1471
1413
1428
15.68
15.65
1497
1464
14.21
14.12
15.73
157
1487
14 14
1451
1425
1449
1466
1454
1407
1464
1444
1403
CH4
81394
810
80783
76425
631 69
60638
65887
65465
65554
66325
65965
702
80133
80024
751 99
66551
66452
65725
69674
79353
8046
76018
66375
66235
65556
6735
79707
82649
79941
75818
6595
661 9
67738
79338
81049
801 65
68636
65534
65824
70345
79775
79984
75706
661 32
65246
69699
80567
80874
75219
65629
658.72
67869
79707
8056
79769
80588
80204
79224
801 88
79571
79759
79928
(+-1CH4
731
731
732
737
77
735
794
782
779
782
783
756
73
732
741
781
781
779
759
73
731
74
776
778
781
776
73
732
73
737
777
783
775
728
731
729
761
779
784
764
729
729
74
781
78
762
729
728
737
779
781
769
729
729
727
726
729
726
728
727
728
728
C2H4
879
89
899
835
703
693
738
735
728
731
736
791
886
904
854
741
747
747
804
901
906
843
737
7.34
742
753
681
894
907
857
73
731
758
89
899
919
768
732
745
784
902
894
853
736
74
79
906
911
852
738
734
765
9
902
9
901
914
917
91
899
908
905
(+-JC2H4
025
025
025
026
038
039
035
035
034
035
035
032
025
024
027
034
035
035
033
025
026
028
035
034
035
034
026
025
025
026
035
035
034
025
025
025
033
034
037
031
024
025
029
035
036
0.32
025
024
028
035
036
034
026
025
024
026
026
025
024
025
026
0.25
C2H6
6298
628
6265
5959
4965
4767
5162
51 13
5126
5191
5169
5463
6194
6194
5854
5222
5216
51 61
5438
61 36
6222
5929
5201
51 91
5134
5259
61.48
639
6164
5888
51.57
51 91
5316
61 47
6287
6211
5396
51 54
51 79
55 06
61 82
61 96
5903
5201
5137
546
6256
6276
5889
51.77
5193
5344
6203
6283
6227
6301
6263
61.9
8251
6194
6208
62.1
-------
Colorado State University: Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Page 2
Test Program: EPA RICE Testing:
Description: FTIR Daily Calibrations - Nicolet Rega 7000
Date: March 30,1999 Time: 19:4234 to
Engine Class: Natural Gas Fueled, Spark Ignited, Two-Stroke, Lean Burn Engine
Engine Type: Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF
Test Points: Pre Catalyst Validation
time (+-C2H6
58.35
11478
171 22
22765
28407
34052
39695
45337
5098
56623
62265
67908
73552
79192
84835
90478
961 2
101763
107407
113048
118682
124335
129978
13562
141263
146905
1525 48
1581 92
163833
169476
1751.2
180763
186407
192048
197692
203335
208978
214622
220263
2259 07
23155
2371 92
2428 35
248478
2541 2
259763
265405
2710 48
276692
2823.35
2879 77
29362
299263
304905
3105 48
3161 92
321833
3274 77
3331 2
338763
3444 05
35005
496
496
498
508
555
535
567
559
557
557
559
532
497
499
5 13
557
557
557
535
498
497
511
553
555
558
551
498
494
498
509
555
558
55
497
497
497
538
557
56
537
497
497
5 11
558
559
537
496
494
51
557
558
545
497
496
495
494
496
496
496
496
496
495
C3H8 (+-1C3H8
1874
1884
1875
179
1517
14 16
1625
1588
159
1598
159
1658
1845
1847
1765
1615
1608
1592
1656
1839
1847
1774
16
1593
1588
1612
1829
1685
1834
1771
1589
159
1615
1832
1851
184
1635
1587
1586
167
1839
1842
1769
1602
1581
1658
1864
1865
1765
1592
1596
163
1842
1856
1846
1866
185
1839
1842
1841
1828
1829
44
44
441
4.5
493
475
503
496
494
495
496
472
441
443
455
494
494
494
474
442
441
453
491
492
495
489
442
439
442
451
492
495
488
441
441
441
478
494
497
477
441
4.41
454
495
496
477
44
439
452
494
4.95
484
441
44
439
438
44
44
44
44
44
439
THC (+-ITHC
100502
100037
99877
94774
79056
75638
82723
81879
82108
82927
82461
87298
99014
98948
93286
83305
831 81
82325
86963
98326
99446
94252
83056
82805
81974
84281
9835
1020 98
98774
93975
82444
82732
84604
98006
100062
98972
85486
82075
82478
87654
98549
98849
93833
82728
81814
8688
99789
99968
93335
821 16
82536
84847
98591
99566
9865
100043
99269
98216
99221
98461
9868
98642
3849
3381
3872
3466
3808
3676
3878
3834
3811
3828
3833
3657
3389
3878
3501
3813
3819
3812
3665
3872
3872
3504
3794
3802
3834
3772
3384
3848
3387
3474
3793
3842
3787
3401
34
3399
388
3804
3862
3701
3396
3887
349
3821
3828
3685
38.67
382
34.99
3837
3838
3759
3407
3868
3366
3841
3404
3882
387
3867
3882
3386
H2O
952545
95859 85
97673 82
103725 8
1287677
1207395
128160
1261801
1250783
126772.2
127281
115989
96248 65
97823 52
1067986
1253532
1253357
1277663
1173139
9636402
97062 82
1065843
124252 1
1244899
1283083
1242584
9630672
95916 24
97040 13
103064 2
1240274
1278493
1262061
95828 07
9692108
96666.19
1185089
1255751
128837
1183724
962349
95191 76
1062075
126271 8
128998
1194115
97265.23
9538945
1050558
127077.6
1270722
1211856
970902
9682843
96069.77
95429
97591 07
9670276
95366 31
95931 7
97211 45
9610881
(+-)H20
131716
130299
1311 18
137409
165211
1578 73
1674 58
16104
16262
164251
16794
157428
1326 79
132045
142783
163608
18356
169055
1551 63
132999
1351 01
142992
161989
183214
1670 28
1626 38
133762
131513
133003
141486
164741
167346
184717
131622
133425
134735
157567
166352
1687.41
157724
13233
13194
143687
1644 85
169079
157574
13405
1321 56
142654
164896
168496
158422
134485
130872
131769
131591
134006
129359
132724
131944
13035
133815
SFS (+-)SF6 CH3OH (»-)CH3OH (<-)SF6 MEOH (HMEOH
0
-001
•001
009
036
043
028
03
03
03
03
02
0
0
01
029
029
029
019
0
0
009
028
029
029
026
001
0
0
008
03
03
025
0
-001
-0.01
024
03
03
021
0
0
01
03
03
022
0
0
01
03
03
025
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
051
05
044
211
817
65
949
825
806
816
825
549
033
054
268
782
806
813
557
043
049
24
755
792
825
738
073
045
053
218
758
813
725
064
034
042
58
811
817
575
045
049
257
793
821
581
053
05
235
778
8
682
066
046
053
051
041
042
052
035
044
039
032
033
034
035
044
042
044
043
042
044
043
039
033
034
035
043
043
043
039
031
033
034
041
043
044
042
034
033
033
036
043
043
042
032
033
034
039
044
043
04
034
031
035
042
044
041
033
033
035
042
043
042
033
033
032
033
034
033
033
034
033
032
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
003
001
001
001
616
614
621
591
0
0
0
551
605
655
443
0
0
0
67
624
64
0
0
0
0
527
692
654
0
0
0
485
642
672
0
0
0
432
662
621
0
0
0
544
641
516
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
437
441
435
452
379
374
377
419
445
434
425
37
377
395
439
437
443
4 12
365
384
37
423
445
445
376
374
372
423
435
445
412
379
383
423
446
445
39
38
396
457
44
441
407
387
379
38
393
387
382
389
389
38
377
393
381
1 95
1 67
223
NMHC (+-)NMHC
871 02
88366
88526
87838
10679
1087 84
108262
87963
88286
87532
92307
1081 26
109694
99712
88079
87847
86817
98266
111542
109721
108212
89237
89636
8796
1078 49
109886
1088 87
90427
87109
88257
101481
107569
1091 44
92062
87812
87527
108511
109598
105251
87323
88031
91714
108825
109535
1081 07
110181
1083 81
108008
109013
1077 35
109568
109436
10874
108628
92017
0
0
2169
7002
7045
7072
6968
6492
653
6531
6928
6962
7017
68 11
6468
64 18
6619
6872
6941
6946
6742
6428
6513
646
6826
7051
7051
6564
6555
6528
6863
7084
71 63
6934
659
6606
693
71 4
7142
8682
6588
6666
706
71 54
7019
6677
6617
66
687
669
6637
6596
6829
6652
6646
6827
6704
61 86
2389
21 45
2992
-------
Colorado State Universitv: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratorv
Test Description: Baseline - 440BHP
Data Point Number: 033099-Baseline
Description
300RPM 0.4BTDC 7.75/2.75 PCC CAT597/590
Date: 03/30/99 Time: 12.56:17
Duration (minutes): 5.00
Average Min Max STDV Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (Ibw/lb*)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
74.65
12.03
3.00
7.76
29.29
0.01508
110.10
1716.01
1708.54
5.00
588.90
643.23
764.15
635.73
73248
299.00
29942
520.20
441.23
8252.88
961 70
3786.07
0.62
88.31
51.42
59.01
48.00
139.16
41.50
387
3.23
3.14
50.89
54.66
0.43
0.14
13.60
13.50
64.06
19.92
4.31
4.16
822.20
821.92
998.10
1025.97
1189.25
1230.14
922.18
917.38
63.27
63.78
73,00
12.03
3.00
7.72
28.00
108.10
1688.00
1691.00
4.85
587.00
640.00
761.00
633.00
730.00
299.00
297.00
518.00
434.90
8127.00
961 .70
3738.00
0.62
8815
50.13
58.94
48.00
138.00
41.10
3.22
3.23
3.14
49.30
52.40
043
0.14
13.60
13.50
63.30
19.80
4.31
4.16
816.40
792.00
998.10
985.50
1157.70
1175.20
911.70
855.20
62.90
62.30
77.00
12.03
3.00
7.79
30.00
111.80
1738.00
1725.00
511
58900
646.00
767.00
639.00
736.00
299.00
302.00
527.00
447.30
8372.00
961 .70
3837.00
0.62
88.50
53.15
59.10
48.00
141.00
41.79
3.88
3.23
3.14
52.70
58.30
0.43
0.14
13.60
13.50
64.70
20.30
4.31
4.16
830.30
860.00
998.10
1077.20
1232.00
1320.70
944.10
933.70
65.40
65.10
0.89
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.96
0.65
9.01
6.41
0.04
0.44
1.10
1.34
1.15
1.19
000
1.45
2.41
2.54
4647
0.00
19.46
0.00
0.08
056
0.03
0.00
0.87
0.25
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.72
1.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.43
0.21
0.00
000
3.06
16.02
0.00
20.88
14.57
26.04
14.86
30.82
0.89
1.40
1.20
0.00
0.00
0..6
3.28
0.59
0.53
0.38
079
0.07
0.17
0.17
0.18
0.16
0.00
0.48
0.46
0.57
0.56
0.00
0.51
0.00
0.09
1 08
0.05
0.00
063
0.61
1.03
0.00
000
1.42
2.04
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.66
1.07
0.00
0.00
0.37
1.95
0.00
2.04
1.22
2.12
1.61
3.36
1.40
2.19
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Baseline - 440BHP
Data Point Number: 033099-Baseline
Description
300RPM 0.4BTDC 7.75/2.75 PCC CAT597/590
Date: 03/30/99 Time: 12:56:17
Duration (minutes): 5.00
Average Min Max STDV Variance
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F;
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEPSTDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
16.60
7723.54
9119.87
134.00
140.61
121.03
133.87
157.01
164.95
142.00
155.00
27.59
0.45
0.14
11.63
11 83
5.21
5.18
502.12
487.26
500.84
494.15
21 66
18.93
2474
2349
18.18
18.60
18.31
1883
1.41
1.28
1.40
1.54
300.99
274.02
308.84
286.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.32
0.72
1.83
0.99
41.69
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.52
7669.00
9080.00
134.00
140.00
121.00
133.00
153.00
162.00
142.00
155.00
25.00
0.45
0.14
11.63
11.77
5.21
5.11
498.60
482.50
497.60
489.00
16.26
12.73
1837
17.98
17.98
18.29
18.10
18.56
1.11
0.92
1.21
1.16
300.30
273.50
306.80
285.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.09
0.68
1.38
0.75
41.30
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
16.69
7789.00
9240.00
134.00
143.00
123.00
135.00
160.00
168.00
142.00
155.00
30.00
0.45
0.14
11.63
12.35
5.21
5.69
504.40
490.70
503.80
498.30
26.48
22.53
27.92
29.60
18.65
18.75
18.55
19.27
1.69
1.48
1.62
2.01
301.20
274.10
312.90
286.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.54
0.86
2.18
1.24
42.10
25.00
120.00
25.00
120.00
2500
120.00
25.00
120.00
0.03
23.78
42.18
0.00
0.73
0.23
0.99
1.30
1.54
0.00
0.00
1.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.00
0.18
1.94
2.41
1.74
2.51
2.91
3.15
2.70
3.95
0.18
0.13
0.14
025
0.19
018
0.12
0.28
0.25
0.19
1.96
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.05
0.22
0.14
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.21
0.31
0.46
0.00
0.52
019
0.74
0.83
0.93
0.00
0.00
5.05
0.00
0.00
000
1.04
0.00
3.49
0.39
0.49
0.35
051
13.42 '
16.67
1093
16.82
0.98
0.70
0.77
1.32
13.18
14.27
890
18.06
0.08
0.07
063
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.73
6.94
12.14
14.37
0.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run1 - 440BHP 300RPM 1.8BTDC 12.0/2.75 PCC CAT570/564
Data Point Number: 033099-Run1
Description
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Cataiyst
THC F-Factor Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEPSTDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEPSTDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEPSTDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEPSTDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
Average
16.60
7726.81
8938.63
141.47
146.76
117.98
129.78
156.15
164.13
141.43
154.00
2823
0.45
0.14
2.51
2.67
4.99
460
512.45
512.91
517.07
512.21
25.24
21.74
27.63
23.18
18.20
17.94
1847
17.85
1.51
1.29
1.47
1.37
341 .49
311 05
355.62
323.81
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.14
0.70
1.84
0.92
40.42
25.20
120.00
25.40
120.00
24.77
120.00
24.60
120.00
Date:
Min
16.52
7669.00
8880.00
141.00
145.00
116.00
129.00
155.00
163.00
141.00
154.00
26.00
045
0.14
251
2.67
4.99
4.60
50660
508.80
50920
509.00
21.76
18.29
22.99
17.28
17.75
17.59
18.06
17.42
1 15
1.06
1.35
1.04
340.90
310.40
353.30
323.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.98
0.61
1.48
0.78
4020
25.20
120.00
25.40
120.00
24.70
120.00
24.50
120.00
03/30/99
Duration
Max
16.69
7787.00
9090.00
143.00
147.00
119.00
131.00
157.00
166.00
143.00
154.00
31.00
0.45
0.14
2.51
267
4.99
4.60
517.60
518.30
524.00
517.60
28.12
26.54
35.79
29.10
18.58
18.16
18.90
18.09
2.76
1 59
1.64
1.56
341 .80
311.20
359.60
324.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.33
0.87
2.19
1.06
40.60
25.30
120.00
25.40
120.00
24.80
120.00
24.60
120.00
Time:
(minutes):
STDV
0.04
27.59
57.31
0.85
0.65
0.50
0.98
0.99
0.39
0.83
0.00
1.34
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.19
353
4.37
2.55
2.23
2.74
4.00
3.42
0.21
0.18
0.22
0 19
0.43
0.16
0.10
0.16
0.32
0.26
1.88
0.31
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.08
0.21
0.08
0.09
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
000
0.02
0.00
18:32:28
500
Variance
0.24
0.36
0.64
0.60
0.44
0.43
0.75
0.63
0.24
0.58
000
474
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.62
069
0.84
050
885
12.58
14.46
14.75
1.13
0.98
1.19
1 08
28.26
12.05
7.04
11.44
0.09
0.08
0.53
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1034
11.27
11.46
8.95
0.23
0.08
0.00
0.00
000
0.19
0.00
008
000
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run1 -440BHP 300RPM 1.8BTDC 12.
Data Point Number: 033099-Run1
Description
Average
0/2.75 PCC CAT570/564
Date: 03/30/99 Time: 18.32:28
Duration (minutes): 5.00
Win Max STDV Variance
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (Iby/lb^
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE fH2O)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm)' Post-Catalyst
69.05
12.03
3.12
12.01
32.27
0.01515
111.20
1863.00
1783.40
9.26
562.78
610.57
740.51
611.86
692.59
299.00
299.60
510.21
441.21
7936.74
961.70
3640.87
0.62
90.11
47.64
59.08
45.95
14049
45.14
4.06
0.56
0.16
2.56
2.26
4.32
4.70
14.90
14.30
79.84
21.49
3.94
3.71
186.93
178.93
194.27
200.48
966.33
981.54
788.20
499.44
47.71
38.58
67.00
12.03
3.00
11.98
30.00
109.50
1836.00
1763.00
915
561.00
607.00
736.00
609.00
687.00
299.00
297.00
507.00
435.30
781400
961.70
3594.00
0.62
89.94
4620
59.00
44.00
139.00
44.40
4.06
0.56
016
2.56
2.26
4.32
4.70
14.90
14.30
78.80
21.10
3.94
3.71
173.10
160.50
179.90
178.10
943.40
949.70
788.20
466.30
47.00
35.10
71.00
12.03
5.00
12.05
34.00
113.00
1897.00
1801.00
9.34
564.00
613,00
744.00
615.00
695.00
299.00
302.00
518.00
447.60
8050.00
961.70
3691.00
0.62
90.27
48.93
59.15
46.00
141.00
45.79
4.06
0.56
0.16
2.56
2.26
4.32
4.70
14.90
14.30
81.20
21.70
3.94
3.71
198.00
194.70
205.50
218.90
983.60
1012.20
788.20
507.30
53.10
40.90
0.63
0.00
0.48
0.01
1.19
0.62
9.85
6.88
0.04
0.64
1.32
1.75
1.25
1.77
000
1.59
3.16
2.61
52.43
0.00
18.25
0.00
0.08
0.50
0.03
032
0.87
0.26
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.78
0.24
0.00
0.00
6.82
8.40
7.32
9.89
9.67
1581
0.00
15.40
1.96
2.85
0.91
0.00
15.25
0.12
370
0.55
0.53
0.39
0.39
0.11
0.22
0.24
0.20
0.26
000
0.53
0.62
0.59
0.66
0.00
0.50
0.00
0.08
1.05
0.06
0.70
0.62
0.57
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.98
1.12
0.00
0.00
3.65
4.69
3.77
493
1 00
1.61
0.00
3.08
4.11
7.38
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratorv
Test Description: Run1-1 - 440BHP 300RPM
Data Point Number: 033099-Run1-1
Description
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/lb/0
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1.8BTDC
Average
66.73
12.03
5.00
12.01
32.94
0.01513
110.44
1861.81
1778.24
9.26
559.10
611.10
742.14
611.92
694.35
29900
29941
511.97
441.02
7920.86
961.70
3632.90
0.62
87.75
4713
59.21
46.00
136.21
49.03
4.07
0.59
0.16
2.13
2.25
4.44
493
13.43
12.88
77.75
19.25
3.39
3.24
148.69
140.14
180.07
178.82
914.85
899.77
648.88
725.17
54.41
59.21
12.0/2.75 PCC
Date:
Min
65.00
12.03
5.00
11.94
32.00
108.40
1836.00
1762.00
910
558.00
608.00
738.00
609.00
693.00
299.00
297.00
506.00
434.70
7800.00
961 .70
3599 00
0.62
87.68
46.20
59.12
46.00
134.00
45.70
3.56
0.59
0.16
2.13
2.25
4.44
4.93
12.10
11.50
69.30
17.50
3.39
3.24
106.10
92.90
154.80
146.50
816.80
795.50
615.40
709.90
50.70
58.10
CAT567/558
03/30/99
Duration
Max
69.00
12.03
5.00
12.08
34.00
112.50
1888.00
1795.00
9.37
560.00
614.00
744.00
614.00
69700
299.00
302.00
521.00
447.60
8044.00
961.70
3680.00
0.62
87.81
4825
59.30
46.00
137.00
53.90
4.08
0.59
0.16
2.13
2.25
4.44
4.93
1440
13.90
83.80
20.90
3.39
3.24
183.30
185.90
197.70
210.10
1001.90
1018.10
651.40
752.10
59.40
59.60
Time:
(minutes):
STDV
0.81
0.00
0.00
0.02
1.00
0.79
8.95
6.19
0.05
1.00
1.11
1.43
0.94
1.30
0.00
1.43
4.22
2.58
47.30
0.00
15.40
0.00
0.03
0.39
0.03
0.00
0.76
3.69
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
1.08
1.13
5.73
1.67
0.00
0.00
29.61
34.39
11.81
17.81
69.64
77.44
8.73
19.82
4.31
0.66
19:34:45
5.00
Variance
1.22
0.00
0.00
0.18
3.04
0.71
0.48
0.35
0.49
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.15
0 19
0.00
048
0.83
0.59
0.60
0.00
0.42
000
0.03
0.84
0.05
0.00
0.56
7.53
0.73
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
8.05
8.77
7.37
8.69
0.00
0.00
19.91
2454
6.56
9.96
7.61
8.61
1.35
2.73
7.92
1.11
-------
Colorado State University: Enqines and Enerav Conversion
Test Description: Run1-1 - 440BHP 300RPM
Data Point Number: 033099-Run1-1
Description
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor. Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor. Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
1.8BTDC
Average
16.59
7721.91
8973.50
140.86
144.69
116.00
12797
156.85
165.43
141.48
152.62
2875
0.45
0 14
211
207
3.84
3.76
511.54
512.00
51244
510.99
26.99
21.46
28.63
22.92
1826
18.02
18.68
1797
1.38
1.34
1.52
1.33
341.27
311.10
346.45
323.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.68
1.82
0.92
4044
25.20
120.00
25.40
120.00
24.70
120.00
24.60
120.00
12.0/2.75 PCC
Date:
Win
16.50
7658.00
8870.00
139.00
143.00
116.00
126.00
155.00
164.00
139.00
152.00
26.00
0.45
0.14
1.87
1.48
2.87
3.10
504.80
50640
505.70
505.50
21.36
17.98
23.20
18.93
17.90
17.82
1837
17.49
1.17
1.20
1.27
1.04
340.60
310.60
346.10
323.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.70
0.58
1.62
0.74
40.30
25.20
120.00
25.40
120.00
24.70
120.00
24.60
120.00
CAT567/558
03/30/99
Duration
Max
16.68
7781.00
9130.00
141.00
145.00
116.00
128.00
157.00
166.00
14400
154.00
31.00
0.45
0.14
2.37
2.55
4.54
4.34
517.00
514.50
517.80
517.10
30.75
25.36
35.98
30.43
18.64
18.32
18.94
18.52
1.67
1.61
1.74
1.65
341 60
311.30
346.70
324.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.19
0.77
2.04
1.20
40.50
25.20
120.00
25.40
120.00
24.70
120.00
24.60
120.00
Laboratorv
Time:
(minutes):
STDV
0.04
25.63
72.63
0.51
0.72
0.00
0.23
0.53
0.91
0.65
0.93
1.19
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.49
0.79
0.61
3.20
221
4.29
3.73
2.88
2.13
3.15
2.98
0.23
0.18
0.21
0.26
0.12
0.07
0.15
0.17
0.31
0.24
0.22
0.26
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.06
0.13
0.12
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
19:34:45
5.00
Variance
0.22
0.33
0.81
0.36
0.50
0.00
018
0.34
0.55
0.46
061
415
0.00
0.00
11.87
23.80
20.58
16.25
063
043
0.84
073
10.66
9.92
11.01
12.99
1.24
1.00
1.14
1.47
8.94
5.59
9.52
12.76
0.09
0.08
0.06
008
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
13.81
8.79
7.09
13.35
0.23
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratorv
Test Description: Run1-2 - 440BHP 300RPM
Data Point Number: 033099-Run1-2
Description
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE ("Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (lbw/lb/0
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (bhp)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B S. NOx (g/bhp-hr). Pre-Catalyst
B S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr)- Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%)• Pre-Catalyst
O2 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm)- Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1.8BTDC
Average
66.24
12.03
5.00
12.01
32.27
0.01457
109.88
1862.32
1777.17
9.26
561.17
611.27
741 .69
610.61
692.93
299.00
299.56
511.92
441.16
7916.86
961.70
3631.18
0.62
87.30
47.04
59.20
45.82
136.27
48.73
3.98
0.59
0.16
2.11
2.29
4.46
4.78
13.69
13.26
76.30
2030
3.61
3.50
145.21
144.36
173.23
180.52
919.84
925.28
753.26
634.89
48.54
55.13
12.0/2.75 PCC
Date:
Win
65.00
12.03
5.00
11.97
30.00
108.10
1836.00
1760.00
9.14
559.00
610.00
740.00
608.00
691.00
299.00
297.00
509.00
435.30
778400
961.70
3587.00
062
87.10
45.84
59.13
44.00
135.00
45.70
3.98
0.59
0.16
2.09
2.25
444
4.60
12.50
11.90
68.70
17.60
3.39
3.20
106.00
89.30
151.60
139.70
821.70
806.20
752.20
588.10
47.00
48.10
CAT568/561
03/30/99
Duration
Max
69.00
12.03
5.00
12.06
34.00
111.80
1888.00
1796.00
9.34
563.00
614.00
744.00
613.00
697.00
299.00
302.00
521.00
447.10
8030.00
961.70
3671 .00
0.62
87.47
48.37
59.27
46.00
138.00
53.90
3.98
0.59
0.16
2.13
2.35
4.48
4.93
14.50
14.20
83.40
21.70
3.88
3.70
180.20
186.90
193.60
210.10
992.10
1022.00
753.40
690.00
51.90
56.80
Time:
(minutes):
STDV
0.65
0.00
0.00
0.02
1.15
0.61
9.54
5.79
0.04
0.58
1.07
1 03
1.38
1.40
0.00
1.49
3.15
2.63
52.02
0.00
16.40
0.00
0.09
0.44
0.03
057
0.59
3.71
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.16
0.95
1.08
6.55
1.74
0.24
0.25
30.27
34.91
14.62
19.04
68.31
69.81
0.39
5087
2.28
3.32
19:50:19
5.00
Variance
0.98
0.00
0.00
0.15
3.56
0.55
0.51
0.33
0.43
0.10
0.17
0.14
0.23
0.20
0.00
0.50
0.61
0.60
0.66
0.00
045
0.00
0.10
0.94
0.05
1.25
044
7.62
000
0.00
0.00
0.94
2.17
0.45
3.44
6.94
8.15
8.58
8.58
6.76
7.02
20.85
24.18
8.44
10.55
7.43
7.55
0.05
8.01
4.69
6.02
-------
Colorado State University: Ermines and Enerav Conversion
Test Description: Run1-2 - 440BHP 300RPM
Data Point Number: 033099-Run1-2
Description
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-lbf)
INDICATED TORQUE (n-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEPSTDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
1.8BTDC
Average
16.60
7726.58
8970.87
139.82
144.11
115.73
127.00
156.27
164.11
140.92
153.77
28.37
0.45
0.14
2.07
1.93
4.15
3.78
512.85
510.99
512.40
511.02
24.95
21.18
28.36
21.82
18.21
18.02
18.62
17.91
1.46
1.37
1.50
1.20
341.38
311.41
346.59
324.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.10
0.69
1.81
0.92
40.43
25.27
120.00
25.40
120.00
24.70
120.00
24.60
120.00
12.0/2.75 PCC
Date:
Min
16.50
7660.00
8920.00
139.00
143.00
114.00
127.00
155.00
164.00
14000
152.00
26.00
0.45
0.14
1.92
1.48
3.34
2.73
504.00
504.20
507.20
504.90
19.06
17.89
21.34
15.94
17.86
17.74
18.25
17.63
1.17
1.10
1.26
0.93
340.60
310.80
345.90
323.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.89
0.52
1.39
0.74
40.30
25.20
120.00
25.40
12000
24.70
120.00
24.60
120.00
CAT568/561
03/30/99
Duration
Max
16.68
7782.00
9120.00
141.00
145.00
116.00
127.00
158.00
166.00
143.00
15400
31.00
0.45
0.14
2.24
2.30
4.77
4.46
517.30
51610
51950
518.00
31.98
2630
3337
30.39
18.54
18.25
19.04
18.16
1.62
1.58
1.78
1.58
341.70
311.60
346.70
324.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.26
0.86
2.11
1.06
40.70
25.30
120.00
25.40
120.00
24.70
120.00
24.60
120.00
Laboratory
Time:
(minutes):
STDV
0.04
24.11
53.80
0.99
1.00
0.68
0.00
0.70
0.46
089
0.64
1.26
0.00
0.00
0.16
038
067
0.80
4.25
3.26
3.58
3.53
3.65
2.29
3.17
4.03
0.19
013
0.25
0.13
0.16
015
0.15
0.20
0.33
0.24
0.23
0.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.09
0.20
0.09
0.10
0.04
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
19:50:19
5.00
Variance
0.21
0.31
0.60
0.70
0.69
0.59
0.00
0.45
0.28
063
0.42
446
000
0.00
7.74
1963
16.14
21.23
0.83
064
0.70
0.69
14.62
10.83
11.18
18.49
1 06
0.72
1.35
0.73
11.20
10.88
10.20
16.47
0.10
0.08
0.07
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.78
12.95
10.88
9.92
025
0.18
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Colorado State University: Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory
Test Description: Run1-3 - 440BHP 300RPM
Data Point Number: 033099-Run1-3
Description
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE (F)
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (psia)
AMBIENT HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE f Hg)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY (%)
AIR MANIFOLD HUMIDITY RATIO (Ibw/lb*)
AIR MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
INTAKE AIR FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST FLOW (scfm)
EXHAUST PRESSURE ("Hg)
STACK TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 1 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 2 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 3 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
CYLINDER 4 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (F)
AVERAGE SPEED (rpm)
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED (rpm)
INDICATED HORSEPOWER
HORSEPOWER (blip)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (BSFC)
FUEL HEATING VALUE (Btu)
FUEL FLOW (scfh)
FUEL SPECIFIC GRAVITY
FUEL TEMPERATURE (F)
FUEL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
FUEL STATIC PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL PRESSURE (psig)
FUEL MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE (F)
AIR/FUEL RATIO
CATALYST DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ("H2O)
B.S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B S. CO (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. NOx (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Pre-Catalyst
B.S. THC (g/bhp-hr): Post-Catalyst
O2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
02 (%): Post-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
CO (ppm): Post-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Pre-Catalyst
CO2 (%): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected)' Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm - Corrected): Post-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
NOx (ppm): Post-Catalyst
THC (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
THC (ppm). Post-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Pre-Catalyst
Non-Methane (ppm): Post-Catalyst
1.8BTDC
Average
63.43
12.03
5.00
13.26
33.77
0.01502
110.50
2009.41
1918.64
10.22
552.31
591.10
713.73
596.76
66228
29900
299.50
522.79
441.50
7926.73
961 70
3638.54
062
85.19
47.01
59.27
46.00
133.20
48.63
4.48
0.71
0.14
1.00
1.12
4.76
5.05
1500
14.70
87.22
24.95
3.57
3.41
78.30
81.57
77.21
85.13
993.25
974.99
816.05
740.79
52.53
53.43
1 3.24/3.04 PCC
Date:
Min
61.00
12.03
5.00
13.20
32.00
107.90
1974.00
1900.00
1010
550.00
586.00
709.00
593.00
657.00
299.00
297.00
515.00
435.00
7772.00
961.70
3586.00
062
84.99
45.71
59.17
4600
131.00
47.79
4.05
0.71
0.14
1.00
1.12
4.76
5.05
15.00
14.70
85.10
23.70
3.57
3.41
71.60
71.70
70.70
74.70
958.10
925.30
788.20
709.90
43.30
50.90
CAT556/550
03/30/99 Time:
Duration (minutes):
Max STDV
66.00
12.03
5.00
13.32
36.00
112.50
2044.00
1933.00
10.33
554.00
595.00
718.00
601.00
66500
299.00
302.00
525.00
447.90
8072.00
961.70
3680.00
0.62
85.32
48.13
59.36
46.00
135.00
49.40
4.83
0.71
0.14
1.00
1.12
4.76
5.05
15.00
14.70
88.60
25.90
3.57
3.41
85.70
91.40
84.60
95.60
102260
1022.90
856.60
772.00
59.40
5660
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
1.09
0.80
10.46
5.30
0.04
1.12
1.47
1.37
1.39
1.54
0.00
1.54
1.95
2.56
50.92
0.00
15.08
0.00
0.06
0.41
0.03
000
0.71
0.15
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.75
0.45
0.00
0.00
2.86
3.62
2.84
3.89
11.01
15.45
21.92
17.62
5.34
1.83
22:35:00
33.00
Variance
1.57
0.00
0.00
0.15
3.23
0.73
0.52
0.28
0.40
0.20
0.25
0.19
0.23
023
0.00
051
0.37
0.58
0.64
0.00
0.41
0.00
0.07
0.87
0.06
0.00
0.53
0.30
495
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.00
086
1.80
0.00
0.00
3.66
4.44
3.68
457
1.11
1.58
2.69
2.38
10.16
3.43
-------
Test Description: Run1-3 - 440BHP 300RPM
Data Point Number: 033099-Run1-3
Description
DYNO LOAD SIGNAL (mA)
DYNO CALCULATED TORQUE (ft-!bf)
INDICATED TORQUE (tt-lbf)
DYNO INBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO OUTBOARD BEARING TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER IN TEMPERATURE (F)
DYNO WATER OUT TEMPERATURE (F)
JWI TEMPERATURE (F)
JWO TEMPERATURE (F)
LOI TEMPERATURE (F)
LOO TEMPERATURE (F)
OIL PRESSURE (psig)
CO F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
CO F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Pre-Catalyst
NOx F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
THC F-Factor- Pre-Catalyst
THC F-Factor: Post-Catalyst
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 2 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 3 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 4 PEAK PRESSURE STDV
CYLINDER 1 LPP
CYLINDER 2 LPP
CYLINDER 3 LPP
CYLINDER 4 LPP
CYLINDER 1 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 2 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 3 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 4 LPP STDV
CYLINDER 1 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 2 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 3 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 4 COMPRESSION PRESSURE (psig)
CYLINDER 1 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 2 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 3 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 4 MISFIRE PERCENTAGE
CYLINDER 1 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 2 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 3 IMEP STDV
CYLINDER 4 IMEP STDV
GOVERNOR CONTROL OUTPUT
CYLINDER 1 DURATION
CYLINDER 1 SOA
CYLINDER 2 DURATION
CYLINDER 2 SOA
CYLINDER 3 DURATION
CYLINDER 3 SOA
CYLINDER 4 DURATION
CYLINDER 4 SOA
1.8BTDC
Average
16.60
7728.92
9161.03
135.01
141.52
113.99
124.01
155.52
164.25
141.96
153.00
28.37
0.77
0.27
1 08
1.09
5.27
4.93
499.57
499.50
500.30
499.60
29.42
24.92
33.14
23.56
1964
19.19
20.01
18.99
1.59
1.50
1.87
1.37
352.25
320.45
357.42
333.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.33
0.84
1.86
0.94
40.38
25.33
120.00
25.22
120.00
2498
120.00
24.33
120.00
1 3.24/3.04 PCC
Date:
Min
16.51
7664.00
9020.00
133.00
140.00
112.00
124.00
154.00
162.00
140.00
153.00
26.00
0.77
0.27'
1.08
1.09
5.27
4.93
489.80
492.00
487.90
491.10
20.36
20.29
2483
14.64
19.04
18.72
19.28
18.57
1.16
1.14
1.33
1.09
351.90
320.10
356.90
33320
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.02
0.61
1.41
0.67
40.20
25.30
120.00
25.20
120.00
24.90
120.00
24.30
120.00
CAT556/550
03/30/99 Time:
Duration (minutes):
Max STDV
16.72
7806.00
9210.00
137.00
143.00
114.00
126.00
157.00
165.00
143.00
153.00
31.00
0.77
0.27
1.08
1.09
5.27
4.93
508.00
509.50
511.30
507.80
39.66
32.72
42.42
36.49
20.12
19.62
20.63
19.50
3.29
1.85
3.29
1.82
353.20
321.20
358.60
334.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.95
1.17
2.38
1.23
40.60
25.40
120.00
25.30
120.00
25.00
120.00
24.40
120.00
0.03
23.71
32.03
0.14
0.84
0.13
0.17
0.64
0.89
0.62
0.00
1.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.92
342
4.20
3.91
4.01
2.85
4.32
3.72
020
0.19
0.26
0.20
035
0.16
0.45
0.16
0.24
0.17
0.25
0.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
0.17
0.12
0.19
0.11
0.09
0.05
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.04
0.00
22:35:00
33.00
Variance
0.21
0.31
0.35
0.11
0.60
0.11
0 14
041
0.54
0.44
0.00
4.25
000
0.00
0.00
000
0.00
0.00
0.78
0.68
0.84
078
13.64
11 42
13.02
15.77
1 03
1 01
1.28
1.06
21.98
10.81
23.88
11.72
0.07
0.05
0.07
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
12.93
13.68
9.98
11.19
0.22
0.18
0.00
016
0.00
0.15
0.00
0.18
0.00
-------
Colorado State University
Engine and Energy Conversion Laboratory
FTIR System Verification Results
DRAFT REPORT
Prepared by
Jeffrey P. LaCosse, Ph.D.
Radian International, LLC
P.O. Box 13000
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
January 1997
-------
i Table of Contents
1 1.0 Executive Summary [[[ 1-1
• 2.0 Introduction [[[ 2-1
3.0 Verification Procedure [[[ 3-1
i
> 4.0 Results and Discussion [[[ 4-1
5.0 References [[[ 5-1
| List of Figures
\ 3-1 FTIR System Verification Apparatus [[[ 3-2
?
t
List of Tables
*
-------
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
An independent verification of the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) system at
Colorado State University (CSU) Engine and Energy Conversion Laboratory (EECL) was
conducted on 16 and 17 January 1997. The verification test was performed on the CSU
FTIR system for formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein utilizing the validation test
procedures according to EPA Method 301. The sample matrix measured in the system
evaluation was exhaust gas from the natural gas-fired Cooper GMV 2-cycle large-bore
internal combustion (1C) engine operated under lean combustion conditions located at the
EECL facility.
The CSU FTIR system met the EPA Method 301 validation criteria for all three
analytes (i.e., formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein). Relative standard deviation was
significantly less than the Method 301 precision criteria of 50 percent in all cases and
measurement bias was statistically insignificant for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. The
results indicate that no bias correction factor for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde is
required. However, the acrolein data generated using the CSU FTIR system must be
multiplied by a bias correction factor of 0.96 before subsequent use. Table 1-1
summarizes the results of the CSU FTIR system verification.
Table 1-1. FUR System Verification Summary
^Analyte
Formaldehyde
Acetaldehyde
Acrolein
Percent RSI>
(unspiked)
0.6
12.0
0.0(1)
Percent RSB
{spiked)
4.2
2.3
0.7
: Bias, "~
Significant? -
No
No
Yes
'"* Correction !
Factor \
.
_
0.96
(1) Not detected in native sample gas during validation run.
RSD - Relative standard deviation
C:\jdg\Hja\csu\draftdoc
1-1
-------
! 2.0 INTRODUCTION
1 Radian International, LLC was retained by Enginuity International, Inc. to conduct
an independent verification of the CSU EECL FTIR system using EPA Method 301
{ validation procedures. The verification testing was conducted for formaldehyde,
I
acetaldehyde, and acrolein in exhaust gases generated from natural gas-fired 1C engines.
7 The verification testing of the CSU FTIR system was essentially identical to that used in
' the EP A-approved validation tests performed by Radian for the Gas Research
Institute [1]. The verification testing was conducted at the CSU site during 16 and
17 January 1997.
1
C:\sdg\Iisa\csuViraftdoc 2-1
-------
3.0 VERIFICATION PROCEDURE
The FTIR verification testing was carried out by dynamic analyte spiking of the
sample gas. Formaldehyde spike gas was generated by volatilization of formalin solution
(Aldrich, 37 % H2CO by weight) and subsequent mixing with a nitrogen carrier gas.
Acetaldehyde and acrolein spikes were generated from a certified gas standard (Scott
Specialty Gases, ±2% analytical accuracy) containing both analyte species in addition to a
sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) dilution tracer. The formaldehyde and acetaldehyde/acrolein
verification runs were conducted separately on 16 and 17 January 1997, respectively.
The verification was conducted on the FTIR system in an 'as found' condition,
with no adjustments or optimizations carried out prior to or during the verification testing.
CSU personnel operated the FTIR system throughout the verification testing.
Figure 3-1 is a diagram of the FTIR system verification apparatus. Spike gas at a
known flow rate was injected into the FTIR sampling and analysis system upstream of the
sampling system filter. Spike gas flow into the sample stream was controlled via a
solenoid operated 3-way valve. The valve directs the spike gas either into the sample
stream or to the atmosphere, allowing uninterrupted flow of the spike gas source.
Spike gas (or carrier gas for formaldehyde) flow rate is measured by a mass flow
meter equipped with a digital readout. Formaldehyde vapor flow rate was governed by
the liquid injection rate of the syringe pump used to pump the formalin solution into the
volatilization block. System flow rate was measured with an orifice placed before the
FTIR gas cell. All flow devices were calibrated using a bubble flow meter before arrival
on site and immediately after the validation testing.
Table 3-1 gives the dynamic spiking operating parameters used in this study. The
formaldehyde dilution and spike level were constrained by the minimum syringe pump
flow rate. The carrier gas flow was set to 2.07 SLM to ensure proper conduction of the
formaldehyde vapor into the sample stream. Acetaldehyde and acrolein spike levels and
dilution factors are typical for spikes generated from certified gas standards.
C:\sdgMisa\csu\draftdoc
-------
Figure 3-1.
FTTR System Verification Apparatus
J-W.y Solenoid V.tve
Spike Gu
FllUr
He»Ud line (100 f««t)
Metering Valve
Spiking Solution Man Flow
(if required) Meter
CrWc.1 .riAc. .»d ,
preuuredlrr.renti.li.uge (««merg«for
Kiluooo ipike)
Legend
^.Btiitf tut **«• Sftet»
Jterm»l«3Et W&M* » Gnlii
Table 3-1. Dynamic Spiking Parameters
.. :
AnaJytfi',
Formaldehyde
Acetaldehyde
Acrolein
Sample Gas
"" ^ ¥&w< • >•
8.37
8.37
8.37
Spike Gas
x" ' Flow5 -
2.53
0.837
0.837
Spike Gas
' €
-------
The following procedure was used for generation of spiked and unspiked samples:
• Measure native stack gas for a 5 minute period;
• Start spike gas flow into sample stream;
• Let system equilibrate for 5 minutes;
• Measure spiked sample stream for 5 minutes;
• Turn off spike gas flow;
• Let system equilibrate for 5 minutes; and
• Repeat cycle.
This cycle is repeated 12 times to provide 12 spiked/unspiked pairs. These pairs were
grouped further into six groups of 2 spiked/unspiked pairs to simulate a 'quad train'
approach used for the Method 301 statistical calculations.
Spike level was computed from mass balance for formaldehyde, and by dilution
measured from the SFg dilution tracer for acetaldehyde and acrolern. The equations for
computing spike level can be easily derived or can be found in the GRIFTIR validation
report [1].
C:\sdg\lisa\csu\draftdoc 3.3
-------
1
i 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1 Tables 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 present the CSU FTIR system verification results for
formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein, respectively. These tables are taken directly
\ from the Method 301 validation spreadsheet available from the EPA EMTIC electronic
; bulletin board. Verification test data were grouped into 'quad train' sets to facilitate the
.? use of the EPA spreadsheet. As previously summarized in Table 1-1, the CSU FTIR
j system met the EPA Method 301 validation criteria for all three analytes (i.e.,
formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein).
~|
i
As indicated in Table 4-1 through 4-3, all three analytes were well within the
I Method 301 precision criteria of 50% RSD. The highest RSD observed is 12 percent for
the unspiked acetaldehyde validation. Acrolein unspiked data were set to zero since
j acrolein was not detected in any of the unspiked validation runs. Formaldehyde and
' acetaldehyde do not show any statistically significant bias, while acrolein shows a small
but statistically significant bias of + 4 percent. This is easily within the Method 301
criteria of+/- 30 percent bias. As a result, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde data from the
CSU EECL FTER. system do not require any bias correction, while acrolein results should
| be multiplied by a bias correction factor of 0.96 before final use.
Table 4-4 presents the calibration data for all flow measurement devices used in
the study. As indicated, the difference between pre- and post- validation calibrations is
j less than 4 percent in all cases.
1
j
C:\sdg\iisa\csu\draftdoc 4-1
-------
Table 4-1. Verification Results for Formaldehyde
VALIDATION OF FTIR FOR THE ANALYSIS OF FORMALDEHYDE
Date Conducted: 16 January 1997
ANALYTE SPIKING: QUAD TRAINS
FEDERAL REGISTER CALCULATION METHOD
ENTER VALUE OF SPIKED LEVEL (CS) = 35.4
Dilution Factor for Unspiked Samples =
0.70
ENTER SPIKED AND UNSPIKED CONCENTRATIONS (COMPARABLE UNITS ASSUMED)
CONCENTRATION IN PPM (WET)
RUN*
1
2
3
4
5
6
AVERAGE:
STANDARD
SPIKED
A
53.59
53.27
58.21
52.33
54.44
53.17
Sm=
SAMPLES
B
55.53
49.12
52.52
50.73
54.51
51.06
53.21
UNSPIKED SAMPLES
C D A-B (A-B)A2 C-D (C-D)A2
18.72 19.05 -1.94 3.76 -0.33 0.11
18.93 18.79 4.15 17.22 0.14 0.02
18.70 18.71 5.69 32.38 -0.01 0.00
18.54 18.54 1.60 2.56 0.00 0.00
18.61 18.63 -0.07 0.00 -0.02 0.00
18.57 18.66 2.11 4.45 -0.09 0.01
Mm= 18.70
DEVIATION:
SPIKED Sds -
UNSPIKED
RELATIVE
Sdu =
STD RSDs =
RELATIVE STD RSDu=
2.24
0.11
4.2% (acceptable)
0.6% (acceptable)
BIAS:
Corrected Unspiked Cone =
B =
STD OF MEAN SDm =
t-VALUE =
CRITICAL t-VALUE =
13.09
4.714
2.246
2.099
2.201
(n=12, alpha=95%)
Bias not statistically significant, CF not needed.
C:\sdg\lisa\csu\draftdoc
4-2
-------
Table 4-2. Verification Results for Acetaldehyde
VALIDATION OF FTIR FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ACETALDEHYDE
Date Conducted: 17 January 1997
ANALYTE SPIKING: QUAD TRAINS
FEDERAL REGISTER CALCULATION METHOD
ENTER VALUE OF SPIKED LEVEL (CS)=
10.10
Dilution Factor for Unspiked Samples
0.90
ENTER SPIKED AND UNSPIKED CONCENTRATIONS (COMPARABLE UNITS ASSUMED)
CONCENTRATION IN PPM (WET)
RUN#
1
SPIKED SAMPLES
10.96
12.15
12.42
12.94
12.89
13.15
B
11.50
12.34
12.90
12.32
13.01
13.18
UNSPIKED SAMPLES
0.35
1.87
2.59
3.05
2.82
3.00
1.17
2.15
2.88
2.76
2.97
3.22
A-B
-0.54
-0.19
-0.48
0.62
-0.12
-0.03
(A-B)A2
0.29
0.04
0.23
0.38
0.01
0.00
C-D
-0.82
-0.28
-0.29
0.29
-0.15
-0.22
(C-D)A2
0.67
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.02
0.05
AVERAGE:
Sm=
12.48
Mm =
2.40
STANDARD DEVIATION:
BIAS:
SPIKED SdS =
0.28
UNSPIKED Sdu
0.29
RELATIVE STD RSDs = 2.3% (acceptable)
RELATIVE STD RSDu= 12.0% (acceptable)
Corrected Unspiked Cone;
2.16
B =
0.218
STD OF MEAN Sdm =
0.403
t-VALUE = 0.540
CRITICAL t-VALUE
2.201
(n=12, alpha = 95%)
Bias not statistically significant, CF not needed.
C:\sdg\lisa\csu\draftdoc
4-3
-------
Table 4-3. Verification Results for Acrolein
VALIDATION OF FTIR FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ACROLEIN
Date Conducted: 17 January 1997
ANALYTE SPIKING: QUAD TRAINS
FEDERAL REGISTER CALCULATION METHOD
ENTER VALUE OF SPIKED LEVEL (CS) =
9.30
Dilution Factor for Unspiked Samples =
0.90
ENTER SPIKED AND UNSPIKED CONCENTRATIONS (COMPARABLE UNITS ASSUMED)
CONCENTRATION IN PPM (WET)
SPIKED SAMPLES
UNSPIKED SAMPLES
RUN*
B
A-B
(A-B)A2
C-D
(C-D)A2
1
9.33
9.38
0.00
0.00
-0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.67
9.68
0.00
0.00
-0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.64
9.75
0.00
0.00
-0.11
0.01
0.00
0.00
9.70
9.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.86
9.72
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.02
0.00
0.00
6
9.91
10.05
0.00
0.00
-0.14
0.02
0.00
0.00
AVERAGE:
Sm=
9.70
Mm=
0.00
STANDARD DEVIATION:
SPIKED SDs=
0.07
UNSPIKED SDu=
0.00
RELATIVE STD RSDs= 0.7% (acceptable)
RELATIVE STD RSDu= 0.0% (acceptable)
BIAS:
Corrected Unspiked Cone =
0.00
B=
0.399
STD OF MEAN SDm=
0.067
t-VALUE= 5.956
CRITICAL t-VALUE=
2.201
(n=12, alpha=95%)
Bias is statistically significant
Correction Factor=
0.959 (Acceptable)
C:\sdgMUa\csuUnAdoc
4-4
-------
"1
Table 4-4. Post-Verification Flow Meter Calibration Results
1
Rotameter Calibrations Baro.P= 25.15
Dynamic Spiking console Channel 1 Std. P= 29.96
Readout
0.65
0.65
0.65
average
1.75
1.75
average
Time
(Sec)
36.09
24.08
47.96
24.43
24.29
Volume
(I)
0.6
0.4
0.8
1
1
Flow
(l/min)
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.46
2.47
Flow (SLM)
(Post test)
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
2.06
2.07
2.07
Flow (SLM)
(Pre test)
0.85
2.00
% Difference
(post - pre)
-1.2
3.5
Orifice cal (dp = 0.60 inch H2O)
Time (sec)
average
9.81
9.58
9.71
Volume (I)
1.6
1.6
1.6
Flow
(l/min)
9.79
10.02
9.89
9.90
Flow (SLM)
(Post test)
8.21
8.41
8.30
8.31
Pretest cal
(SLM)
8.30
<1
Syringe pump
Time
(min)
10
Vol
(ml)
3.5
Post Test
Flow
(ml/min)
0.35
Pretest cal
(ml/min)
0.34
2.9
j
C:\sdg\lisa\csu\drafidoc
4-5
-------
5.0 REFERENCES
1 L.D. Ogle, G.S.-Shareef, and J.P. LaCosse. "Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)
Method Validation at a Natural Gas-Fired Internal Combustion Engine", Radian
Corporation under Contract to Gas Research Institute, Document GRI-95/0271,
May 1995.
C:\sdg\list\csu\draftdoc
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX H
CALIBRATION GAS CERTIFICATION SHEETS
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
COMPLIANCE CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD,LONGMONT,CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635
Fax: 303-772-7673
TM
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free Multi-Component EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT,CO 80501
P.O. No.: 814671
Project No.: 08-54617-001
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
Certified to exceed the minimum specifications of EPA Protocol 1 Procedure #G2.
Cylinder Number: ALM068001
Cylinder Pressure***: 1786 PSIG
COMPONENT
CARBON DIOXIDE
CARBON MONOXIDE
METHANE
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN - OXYGEN FREE
TOTAL OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Certification Date: 3/16/99 Exp. Date: 3/16/2001
ACCURACY** TRACEABILITY
CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION
6 . 80 %
190 PPM
1,300 PPM
262 PPM
BALANCE
+ /- 2%
+ 1-2%
+ 1- 2%
+ /- 2%
263.
PPM
NIST
NIST
GMIS
GMIS
Reference Value Only
*** Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO.
EXPIRATION DATE
NTRM 5000 7/17/01
NTRM 2636 2/01/03
CH4/AIR 50PP 2/18/01
GMIS 1/06/01
INSTRUMENTATION
CYLINDER NUMBER
AIM049007
ALM066877
ALM014418
ALM039666
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIALtf
CONCENTRATION
5 032 %
248.7 PPM
50.20 PPM
497.0 PPM
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
COMPONENT
C02/N2
CARBON MONOXIDE
METHANE
NO/N2
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
C02/AIA-220/570497012
HPGC/5710A/2010A99310
HPGC/5890/3115A34623
FTIR System/8220/AAB9400251
03/12/99
03/09/99
03/08/99
03/05/99
NDIR
FID
FID
Scott Enhanced FTIR
APPROVED BY:
Devon VonFeldt
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
COMPLIANCE CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
1290 COMBERMERE STREET,TROY,MI 48083
Ph-.nt-: ?.43-539-2950 Fax: 248-539-2134
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
P.O. No.: 814671
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES Project No.: 05-42293-002
1290 COMBERMERE STREET
TROY.MI 48083
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM050151 Certification Date: 3/11/99 Exp. Date: 3/11/2001
Cylinder Pressure***: 1400 PSlG
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
COMPONENT
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
NITROGEN - OXYGEN FREE
TOTAL OXIDES OF NITROGEN
CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION
259.4
181.3
PPM
PPM
BALANCE
ACCURACY**
-r/- 2%
+ /- 2%
440.7 BALANCE
TRACEABILITY
NT5T
NIST
Reference Value Only
'' * Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of tne measurement processes
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO. EXPIRATION DATE
NTRM 2631 7/01/99
NTRM 2654 ' " 11/01/99
CYLINDER NUMBER
ALM0587I8
ALM049028
CONCENTRATION
M'I .' Pf-vl
51'H 0 Pful
COMPONENT
NITRIC OXIDE:
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
INSTRUMENTATION
1NSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL#
BECKMAN/951/0101177
BECKMAN/951/0101177
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
03.1 1/99
03'1 Ii99
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
CHEMILUMINESCENSE
CHEMILUMINESCENSE
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY:1
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD,LONGMONT,CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
TM
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT,CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: P165299
Project No.: 08-52254-003
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number:
Cylinder Pressure***:
COMPONENT
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN - OXYGEN FREE
NOX
ALM040676
1912 PSIG
Certification Date:
1/12/99
Exp. Date: 1/12/2001
CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION
112
112.
PPM
BALANCE
PPM
ANALYTICAL
ACCURACY**
+ /- 1%
TRACEABILITY
NIST
Reference Value Only
*"*Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Product certified as+/- 1% analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO.
NTRM 1685
EXPIRATION DATE
7/10/01
CYLINDER NUMBER
ALM050868
CONCENTRATION
247.5 PPM
COMPONENT
NO/N2
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL#
FTIR System/8220/AAB9400251
ANALYZER READINGS
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
12/24/98
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
Scott Enhanced FTIR
First Triad Analysis
(Z = ZeroGas R = Reference Gas T=TestGas
Second Triad Analysis
r = Correlation Coefficient)
Calibration Curve
NITRIC OXIDE
Date: 01/04/99 Response Unit: PPM
Z1--0.110 R1-Z46.S5 T1-111.80
R2-247.55 Z2--0.031 T2-112.15
Z3-O.OOS6 T3-112.16 R3-248.10
Avg. Concentration: 112.0 PPM
Date: 01/12/99 Response Unit: PPM
Z1--0.059 R1-247.41 T1-111.87
R2-247.S8 Z2-0.1289 T2-112.07
Z3-0.176S T3-112.13 R3-247.51
Avg. Concentration: 112.0 PPM
Concentration - A •*• Bx + Cx2 + Dx3 + Ex4
r-0.999990
Constants: A -0.000000
B- 1.000000 C- 0.000000
D-0.000000 E-0.000000
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY: "T\ i !<^ I
Devon VonFeldt
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD.LONGMONT.CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
TM
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free Multi-Component EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory Customer
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT,CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: P165299
Project No.: 08-52254-004
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: AAL7933 Certification Date: 1/12/99 Exp. Date: 1/12/2001
Cylinder Pressure* * *: 1 928 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY** TRACEABILITY
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN - OXYGEN FREE
NOX
162
162.
PPM
BALANCE
PPM
+ /- V
NIST
Reference Value Only
•"Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
*• Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Product certified as + /- 1% analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO.
NTRM 1685
EXPIRATION DATE
7/10/01
CYLINDER NUMBER
ALM050868
CONCENTRATION
247.5 PPM
COMPONENT
NO/N2
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/IV!ODEL/SERIAL#
FTIR System/8220/AAB9400251
ANALYZER READINGS
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
12/24/98
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
Scott Enhanced FTIR
First Triad Analysis
(Z = ZeroGas R = Reference Gas T = TestGas
Second Triad Analysis
NITRIC OXIDE
Date: 01/04/99 Response Unit: PPM
Z1--0.110 R1-246.8S T1-162.17
R2-247.55 .Z2i.-0.031 T2-162.41
Z3-0.0056 T3» 162.37 R3-248.10
Avg. Concentration: 162.3 PPM
Data: 01/12/99 Response Unit: PPM
Z1--0.059 R1- 247.41 T1.162.05
R2- 247.58 Z2-0.1289 T2-162.32
Z3-0.1765 T3-162.30 R3-247.51
Avg. Concentration: 162.2 PPM
r = Correlation Coefficient)
Calibration Curve
Concentration - A + Bx + Cx2 + 0x3 + Ex4
r-0.999990
Constants: A - 0.000000
B- 1.000000 C. 0.000000
D. 0.000000 E-0.000000
Special Notes:
Devon VonFeldt
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD,LONGMONT,CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free Multi-Component EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory Customer
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT,CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: P1 65299
Project No.: 08-52254-005
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM043082 Certification Date: 1/19/99 Exp. Date: 1/19/2001
Cylinder Pressure***: 1922 PSiG
ANALYTICAL
ACCURACY**
COMPONENT
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN -OXYGEN FREE
NOX
CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION
304
305.
PPM
BALANCE
PPM
+ /- 1%
TRACEABILITY
NIST
Reference Value Only
*** Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Product certified as + /- 1% analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRIVI NO.
NTRM 1685
EXPIRATION DATE
7/10/01
CYLINDER NUMBER
ALM050868
CONCENTRATION
247.5 PPM
COMPONENT
NO/N2
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT;MODEL/SERIAL#
FTIR System/8220/AAB9400251
ANALYZER READINGS
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
12/24/98
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
Scott Enhanced FTIR
(Z = ZeroGas R = Reference Gas T = TestGas r = Correlation Coefficient)
First Triad Analysis Second Triad Analysis Calibration Curve
NITRIC OXIDE
Data: 01/08/99 Response Unit: PPM
Z1-0.2720 R1-247.Z2 T1-303.89
R2-247.75 Z2-0.2750 T2-304.60
23- 0.6268 T3- 304.SO R3 = 247.52
Avg. Concentration: 304.3 PPM
Date: 01/19/99 Response Unit: PPM
Z1--0.073 R1-247.27 T1-304.31
R2- 247.66 Z2--O.OS8 T2-304.77
Z3-0.0358 T3-304.37 R3-247.57
Avg. Concentration: 304.5 PPM
Concentration » A •*- Bx + Cx2 + Dx3 •*• Ex4
r-0.999990
Constants: A-0.000000
B-1.000000 C-0.000000
D« 0.000000 E- 0.000000
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY:
Devon VonFeldt
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD,LONGMONT,CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635
Fax: 303-772-7673
TM
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free Multi-Component EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory Customer
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT.CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: P165299
Project No.: 08-52254-006
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM042989 Certification Date: 1/20/99 Exp. Date: 1/20/2001
Cylinder Pressure* * *: 1 948 PSIG
COMPONENT
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN - OXYGEN FREE
NOX
CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION
457 PPM
BALANCE
ANALYTICAL
ACCURACY*"
+ /- 1%
460.
PPM
TRACEABILITY
NIST
Reference Value Only
•**Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
*• Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Product certified asW- 1% analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO.
NTRM 1685
EXPIRATION DATE
7/10/01
CYLINDER NUMBER
ALM050868
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIALff
FTIR System/8220/AAB9400251
ANALYZER READINGS
CONCENTRATION
247.5 PPM
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
12/24/98
COMPONENT
NO/N2
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
Scott Enhanced FTIR
(Z = Zero Gas R = Reference Gas T = Test Gas r = Correlation Coefficient)
First Triad Analysis Second Triad Analysis Calibration Curve
NITRIC OXIDE
Date: 01/08/99 ' .Response Unit: PPM
Z1 -0.2720 R1-247.22 T1 -456.33
R2-247.75 ' Z2-0.2750 T2-456.29
Z3-0.6268 73^456.56 R3-247.52
Avg. Concentration: •• 456.4 PPM
Date: 01/20/99 Reipoiue Unit: PPM
Z1--0.073 R1-247.27 T1-456.73
R2-247.66 Z2--O.OS8 T2-457.16
Z3- 0.0358 T3-456.30 R3-247.57
Avg. Concentration: 456.7 PPM
Concentration - A + Bx + Cx2 + Dx3 + Ex4
r-0.999990
Constanta: A-0.000000
B-1.000000 C-0.000000
D- 0.000000 E- 0.000000
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY: l)l/J7rr
Devon VonFeldt
-------
SCOtt
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD,LONGMONT,CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
TM
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT.CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: P165299
Project No.: 08-52254-007
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: AAL9916 Certification Date: 1/20/99 Exp. Date: 1/20/2001
Cylinder Pressure***: 1858 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY** TRACEABILITY
NITRIC OXIDE ' 908 PPM +/-1% NIST
NITROGEN - OXYGEN FREE BALANCE
NOX
915.
PPM
Reference Value Only
•••Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Product certified as+/- 1% analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO.
NTRM 2631
EXPIRATION DATE
7/01/99
CYLINDER NUMBER
ALM058587
CONCENTRATION
2817 PPM
COMPONENT
NO/N2
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIALff
FTIR System/8220/AAB9400251
ANALYZER READINGS
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
1 2/24/98
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
Scott Enhanced FTIR
First Triad Analysis
(Z = Zero Gas R = Reference Gas T = Test Gas
Second Triad Analysis
r = Correlation Coefficient)
Calibration Curve
NITRIC OXIDE
Date: 01/08/99 "•- Response Unit: PPM
21-0.3845 R1-2814.3 T1-908.26
R2-2817.8 Z2-1.9699 T2-907.11
23-1.5249 T3-907.77 R3-2818.9
Avg. Concentration: 907.7 PPM
Date: 01/20/99 Response Unit: PPM
21-0.2134 R1-2816.5 T1-906.60
R2-2817.0 Z2-1.3007 T2-907.86
23-0.8967 T3-907.68 R3-2817.5
Avg. Concentration: 907.4 PPM
Concentration- A + Bx + Cx2 + Dx3 +Ex
t- 0.999990
Constants: A-0.000000
B - 1.000000 C - 0.000000
0-0.000000 E-0.000000
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY:
Devon VonFeldt
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
COMPLIANCE CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD,LONGMONT,CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635
Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
P.O. No.: 814671
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES Project No.: 08-54121-005
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT,CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceabllity Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM058561
Cylinder Pressure***: 2000 PSIG
COMPONENT
METHANE
PROPANE
AIR
Certification Date:
CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION
449 PPM
45.8 PPM
BALANCE
3/10/99
Exp. Date: 3/09/2002
ANALYTICAL
ACCURACY**
+ 1-2%
+ 1-2%
TRACEABIL1TY
GMIS
GMIS
•"Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO. EXPIRATION DATE CYLINDER NUMBER
CH4/AIR 10PP 2/18/01 AAL4185
C3/AIR 50PPM 3/04/01 ALM052292
CONCENTRATION
1001 PPM
50.40 PPM
COMPONENT
METHANE
PROPANE
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL#
HPGC/5710A/2010A99310
HPGC/5890/3115 A34623
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
03/03/99
03/10/99
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
FID
FID
APPROVED BY:
'"
**" 'w »-* .**""* .
STEVE SHOCKITES
-------
SCOtt
COMPLIANCE CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD.LONGMONT.CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635
Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
P.O. No.: 814671
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES Project No.: 08-54121-002
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT,CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM016431
Cylinder Pressure* * * : 1 878 PSIG
COMPONENT
METHANE
PROPANE
AIR
Certification Date:
CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION
3/10/99
Exp. Date: 3/09/2002
901
91.1
PPM
PPM
BALANCE
ANALYTICAL
ACCURACY*
+1-2%
+1-2%
TRACEABILITY
GMIS
NIST
*** Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO. EXPIRATION DATE CYLINDER NUMBER CONCENTRATION COMPONENT
CH4/AIR 50PP 2/18/01 ALM014418 50.20 PPM METHANE
NTRM 1669 10/02/02 ALM006765 497.0 PPM PROPANE
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIALl
HPGC/5710A/2010A99310
HPGC/5890/3115A34623
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
03/08/99
03/08/99
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
FID
FID
APPROVED BY:
VIRGINIA CHANDLER
-------
SCOtt
GclSeS
COMPLIANCE CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD.LONGMONT.CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT, CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: VERBAL PER GARY
Project No.: 08-54121-003
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceablllty Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: AAL13109
Cylinder Pressure* * * : 1 906 PSIG
COMPONENT
METHANE
PROPANE
AIR
Certification Date:
CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION
1,800 PPM
181 PPM
BALANCE
3/09/99
Exp. Date: 3/08/2002
ANALYTICAL
ACCURACY**
+1-2%
+1-2%
TRACEABILITY
GMIS
NIST
•**Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO. EXPIRATION DATE CYLINDER NUMBER CONCENTRATION COMPONENT
CH4/AIR 50PP 2/18/01 ALM014418 50 20 PPM METHANE
NTRM 1669 10/02/02 ALM006765 497.0 PPM PROPANE
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL*
HPGC/5710A/2010A99310
HPGC/5890/3115A34623
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
03/08/99
03/08,99
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
FID
FID
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY:
VIRGINIA CHANDLER
-------
05/13/99 07:04 FAX 3037727673
J w1/ A W P J f U . V J, U «• ^ *-»^i i jrEui.nui i
Scott Specialty Gases
COMPLLiJMCE CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
G141 EA5TON ROAD, BLDG l.PLUWSTEAOVILLE.PA 169*3.0310
Phone: 215-766 6881
Fax: 215-766-2070
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: EPA Protocol Gas
COLORADO STA"E UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAO
430 NORTH CCL-EGE
FORT COLLINS CD 80524
Assay LiboraTDry
P.O. No.: P165299
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES Project No.: 01-12606-002
6141 EASTDN ROAD, BLDG 1
PLUM5TEADVILLE.PA 18949-0310
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION ________
llns ccrii(Mi«jo w^v 9»rto"TiBd according lo EPA Traceabillty Protocol For AJSBV & Certrticitlcr, of Gaseous Ca'ISra'ion Standards;
Proocdutu »G1: Soptcmbor. 1S97.
Cylmdef iNumbef : ALM01743? C*rtlf)e«ion Date: 2/02/99 Exp. Date: 2/D-I/20O1
2000 PS1G
ANALYTICAL
CEHTIPIEO COMCgMTRATIQN ACCURACY** TRACEABJUTY
7 32 PPM -/- 2% ~ NIST
BALANCE
CYfinder Pressure' ":
COMPONENT
CARBON rAONQXIDE
N17HDGE^
••* Do not M» *h«o jyllnelar erostufi i< a»l3w 150 pifg.
'' Anivtol aceufie^ it ineiativt o* utm'
-------
COMPLIANCE CLASS
SCOtt Specialty GaSeS Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD,LONGMONT,CO 80501 Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
TM
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory Customer
P.O. No.: P1 65299 COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES Project No.: 08-52254-022
500 WEAVER PARK RD ENERGY LAB
LONGMONT.CO 80501 430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceabliity Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM038359 Certification Date: 1/25/99 Exp. Date: 1/25/2002
Cylinder Pressure* * *: 1930 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY** TRACEABILITY
CARBON MONOXIDE 28.9 PPM +1-2% NIST
NITROGEN BALANCE
**• Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO. EXPIRATION DATE CYLINDER NUMBER CONCENTRATION COMPONENT
NTRM 1678 5/24/01 ALM041017 49.90 PPM CO/N2
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL# DATE LAST CALIBRATED ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
FT1R System/8220/AAB9400251 12/31/99 Scott Enhanced FTIR
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY:
Devon VonFeldt
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
COMPLIANCE CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD,LONGMONT,CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT,CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: PI 65299
Project No.: 08-52254-023
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification, was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM027362 Certification Date: 1/15/99 Exp. Date: 1/15/2002
Cylinder Pressure***: 1982 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY** TRACEABILITY
CARBON MONOXIDE
NITROGEN
43.8
PPM
BALANCE
/- 2%
NIST
* * * Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO. EXPIRATION DATE CYLINDER NUMBER
NTRM 1678 ' ' 5/24/01 ALM041017
CONCENTRATION
49.90 PPM
COMPONENT
CO/N2
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL#
FTIR System/8220/AAB9400251
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
12/31/98
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
Scott Enhanced FTIR
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY:
Devon VonFeldt
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD,LONGMONT,CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT.CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: P165299
Project No.: 08-52254-034
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceabllity Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM047090 Certification Date: 1/15/99
Cylinder Pressure* * *: 1 970 PSIG
Exp. Date: 1/15/2002
COMPONENT
CARBON MONOXIDE
NITROGEN
CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION
109
PPM
BALANCE
ANALYTICAL
ACCURACY*"
+ /- 1%
TRACEABiLITY
NIST
•** Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Product certified as+/- 1% analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO.
NTRM 1680 *-•""
EXPIRATION DATE
4/09/99
CYLINDER NUMBER
ALM066528
CONCENTRATION
498.8 PPM
COMPONENT
CO/N2
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL#
FTIR System/8220/AAB9400251
l
ANALYZER READINGS
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
12/31/98
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
Scott Enhanced FTIR
First Triad Analysis
(Z = Zero Gas R = Reference Gas T = Test Gas
Second Triad Analysis
r = Correlation Coefficient)
Calibration Curve
CARBON MONOXIDE
Date: 01/08/99 Response Unit: PPM
Z1--0.192 R1-498.5S T1-109.22
R2-499.18 ' Z2.-0.014 T2-109.23
Z3--0.10S . - T3-109.33 R3-498.67
Avg. Concentration: ] 109.3 PPM
Data: 01/15/99 Response Unit: PPM
21.-0.304 R1-498.97 T1 « 109.35
R2-499.05 22--0.218 TZ-109.30
Z3--0.226 T3-109.16 R3-498.37
Avg. Concentration: 109.3 PPM
Concentration »• A + Bx -f Cx2 + Dx3 + Ex4
r-0.999990
Constants: A-0.000000
B- 1.000000 C-0.000000
D-0.000000 E-0.000000
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY:
Devon VonFeldt
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD,LONGMONT,CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635
Fax: 303-772-7673
TM
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT,CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: P165299
Project No.: 08-52254-025
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #01; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM039419 Certification Date: 1/15/99 Exp. Date: 1/15/2002
Cylinder Pressure* * *: 1746 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY** TRACEABILITY
CARBON MONOXIDE
NITROGEN
157
PPM
BALANCE
+ /- 1'
NIST
* * * Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes
Product certified as-*-/- 1% analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO.
NTRM 1680
EXPIRATION DATE
4/09/99
CYLINDER NUMBER
AIM066528
CONCENTRATION
498.8 PPM
COMPONENT
CO/N2
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL#
FTIR System/8220/AA89400251
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
12/31/98
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
Scott Enhanced FTIR
ANALYZER READINGS
First Triad Analysis
(Z = Zero Gas R=,Reference Gas T = Test Gas
Second Triad Analysis
r = Correlation Coefficient)
Calibration Curve
CARBON MONOXIDE
Date: 01/08/99 Response Unit: PPM
Z1--0.192 R1-498.55 T1-1S7.23
R2-499.18 "v Z2--0.014 T2-157.29
Z3--0.105 ; / T3-157.37 R3-498.67
Avg. Concentration-. \ 157.3 PPM
Date: 01/15/99 Response Unit: PPM
Z1--0.304 R1-498.97 T1-157.48
R2-499.05 Z2--0.218 T2-157.32
Z3--0.226 T3-157.43 R3-498.37
Aug. Concentration: 157.4 PPM
Concentration - A + B« + Cx2 + Dx3 + Ex4
r.0.999990
Constants: A-0.000000
B - 1.000000 C - 0.000000
D-0.000000 E-0.000000
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY:
*, I
Devon VonFeldt
-------
RATA CLASS
SCOtt Specialty GclSCS Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD.LONGMONT.CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
TM
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT,CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: P165299
Project No.: 08-52254-031
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM052548 Certification Date: 1/19/99 Exp. Date: 1/19/2002
Cylinder Pressure* * *: 1 998 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY** TRACEABILITY
CARBON DIOXIDE 1.99 % +/-1% NIST
NITROGEN ' BALANCE
*** Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Product certified as + /- 1% analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD'
TYPE/SRM NO. EXPIRATION DATE
NTRM 5000 . ' 7/17/01
CYLINDER NUMBER
ALM04S931
CONCENTRATION
5.032 %
COMPONENT
C02/N2
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL#
C02/AIA-220/570497012
ANALYZER READINGS
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
01/19/99
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
NDIR
(Z = Zero Gas R = Reference Gas T= Test Gas r = Correlation Coefficient)
First Triad Analysis Second Triad Analysis Calibration Curve
CARBON DIOXIDE
Date: 01/19/99 Response Unit: %
21--0.002 R1-5.0380 T1-1.9920
R2-5.0340 ~^Z2--0.001 T2-1.9910
Z3--0.001 • .T3-1.9940 R3-S.0320
Avg. Concentration: ; 1.992 %
Concentration » A + Bx + Cx2 + Dx3 + Ex4
r-0.999999
Constants: A--O.OO9819
B-0.730591 C-0.046295
D-0.005346 E-0.000000
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY:
Devon VonFeldt
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD,LONGMONT,CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
P.O. No.: P165299
Project No.: 08-52254-032
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT,CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceabllity Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: 1L3264 Certification Date: 1/15/99
Cylinder Pressure* * *: 1 966 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY**
CARBON DIOXIDE 5.16 % +/-1%
NITROGEN • BALANCE
Exp. Date: 1/15/2002
TRACEABILITY
NIST
*** Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Product certified as-/- 1% analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO.
NTRM 5000 . •
EXPIRATION DATE
7/17/01
CYLINDER NUMBER
ALM048931
CONCENTRATION
5.032 %
COMPONENT
C02/N2
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL*
C02/AIA-220/570497012
ANALYZER READINGS
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
01/15/99
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
NDIR
First Triad Analysis
(Z = 2eroGas R = Reference Gas T = Test Gas
Second Triad Analysis
r = Correlation Coefficient)
Calibration Curve
CARBON DIOXIDE
Date: 01/15/99 Response Unit: %
Z1-0.0020 R1-S.0490 T1-5.1700
R2-S.0660 ' xZ2-0.0000 T2-S.1550
Z3.0.0170 .'.''„*.T3-S.1640 R3-5.0590
Avg. Concentration:/- 5.163 %
Concentration - A + Bx + Cx2 + Dx3 + Ex4
r-0.999996
Conitants: A- -0.011101
B-1.253540 C> 0.004333
0-0.037326 E-O.OOOOOO
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY:
Devon VonFeldt
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD.LONGMONT.CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT.CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: P165299
Project No.: 08-52254-033
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceabllity Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: AAL14777 Certification Date: 1/15/99 Exp. Date: 1/15/2002
Cylinder Pressure***: 1971 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY** TRACEAB1LITY
CARBON DIOXIDE 9-04 % +/-1% NIST
NITROGEN BALANCE
**• Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
•* Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes
Product certified as+/- 1% analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO. EXPIRATION DATE CYLINDER NUMBER
NTRM 5000 ^ ' ' 7/17/01 ALM048931
CONCENTRATION
5 032 %
COMPONENT
C02/N2
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL#
C02/AIA-220/57049701 2
ANALYZER READINGS
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
01/15/99
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
NDIR
(Z = Zero Gas R = Reference Gas T = Test Gas r = Correlation Coefficient)
First Triad Analysis Second Triad Analysis Calibration Curve
CARBON DIOXIDE
Date: 01/15/99 Response Unit: %
Z1- 0.0020 R1- 5.0490 T1-9.0470
R2-5.0660 .VXZ2-0.0000 T2-9.0190
23-0.0170 -• VT3-9.04.30 R3-5.0590
Avg. Concentration:" j 9.036 %
Concentration » A + Bx •"• Cx2 + 0x3 + Ex4
r-0.999996
Constants: A--O.011101
B-1.253540 C- 0.004333
D-0.037926 E-0.000000
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY:
Devon VonFeldt
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD,LONGMONT,CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: Interference Free EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT.CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: VERBAL PER GARY
Project No.: 08-54131-014
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceabliity Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM008282 Certification Date: 3/03/99 Exp. Date: 3/03/2002
Cylinder Pressure***: 1862 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY** TRACEAB1LITY
CARBON DIOXIDE
NITROGEN
21.3
+ /- 1 %
NIST
BALANCE
•** Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
" Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Product certified as +/• 1 % analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO. EXPIRATION DATE CYLINDER NUMBER CONCENTRATION COMPONENT
NTRM 1675 1/01/03 ALM008792
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRU MENT/MODEL/SERIAL*
13.96 % C02/N2
DATE LAST CALIBRATED ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
C02/AIA-220/57Q497012
ANALYZER READINGS
02/23/99
NDIR
First Triad Analysis
(Z = ZeroGas R = Reference Gas T = Test Gas
Second Triad Analysis
CARBON DIOXIDE
Date: 03/03/99 Response Unit: %
21-0.1000 R1-13.850 T1-21.390
R2-13.910 22-0.0500 T2-21.270
Z3-0.0300 T3-21.240 R3-13.920
Avg. Concentration: 21.30 %
r = Correlation Coefficient)
Calibration Curve
Concentration - A -t- Bx + Cx2 •*• Dx3 + Ex4
t- 0.999968
Constants: A» -0.044800
8-6.531250 C--2.667969
D-0.48Z666 E-0.000000
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY:
Devon VonFeldt
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD.LONGMONT.CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT,CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: VERBAL PER GARY
Project No.: 08-54131-012
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM062109 Certification Date: 3/02/99 Exp. Date: 3/01/2002
Cylinder Pressure***: 2010 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY** TRACEABILITY
OXYGEN
NITROGEN
4.38
%
BALANCE
+ /- 1 %
NIST
*** Do noi use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
"* Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Product certified as + /- 1% analytical accuracy is directly traceable to MIST standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO. EXPIRATION DATE' CYLINDER NUMBER
NTRM 2658 1/02/01 ALM031952
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL*
PARAMAG 02/SERVOMEX/244/701/1446
ANALYZER READINGS
CONCENTRATION
9.680 %
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
02/20/99
COMPONENT
OXYGEN
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
PARAMAGNETIC
First Triad Analysis
(2 = ZeroGas R = Reference Gas T=TestGas r = Correlation Coefficient)
Second Triad Analysis Calibration Curve
OXYGEN
Data: 03/02/99 Response Unit: PCT
Z1-0.0010 R1-4.3800 T1 -9.7000
R2-9.6700 Z2-0.0010 T2-4.3800
Z3-0.0019 T3-4.3700 R3-9.6700
Avg. Concentration: 4.377 %
Concentration - A + Bx + Cx2 + Ox3 + Ex4
r- 0.999978
Constants: A--0.008155
B-10.046744 C-0.00000
D> 0.00000 E-0.00000
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY:
DIANA BEEHLER
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD,LONGMONT,CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT.CO 80501
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: P1 65299
Project No.: 08-52254-029
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certification was performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: ALM036531 Certification Date: 1/19/99 Exp. Date: 1/18/2002
Cylinder Pressure* * *: 1995 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY** TRACEABILITY
OXYGEN
NITROGEN
12.0
+ /- 1 %
NIST
BALANCE
*"* Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig.
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Product certified as -*• /- 1 % analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO.
NTRM 2659 .. -
EXPIRATION PATE
1/02/01
CYLINDER NUMBER
ALM031719
CONCENTRATION
20.72 %
COMPONENT
OXYGEN
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL*
PARAMAG 02/SERVOMEX/244/701/1446
ANALYZER READINGS
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
01/12/99
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
PARAMAGNETIC
(Z = Zero Gas R = Reference Gas T = Test Gas r = Correlation Coefficient)
First Triad Analysis Second Triad Analysis Calibration Curve
OXYGEN
Dlte:Oln9/99 Response Unit: PCT
21-0.0005 R1- 20.720 T1 - 12.030
R2-20.720 '".Z2-0.0007 T2-12.010
23-0.0008 . T3-20.720 R3-12.000
Avg. Concentration: -4
12.02
Concentration a A +
r- 0.999999
Constants:
B- 24.9961 53
O- 0.00000
Bx + Cx2+Dx3+-Ex4
A -43.005293
C- 0.00000
E- 0.00000
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY:
DIANA BEEHLER
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
RATA CLASS
Dual-Analyzed Calibration Standard
500 WEAVER PARK RD,LONGMONT,CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635 Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY: EPA Protocol Gas
Assay Laboratory
SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT,CO 80501
,.t
" «J
ANALYTICAL INFORMATION
P.O. No.: P165299
Project No.: 08-52254-030
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO 80524
This certificatioawas performed according to EPA Traceability Protocol For Assay & Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards;
Procedure #G1; September, 1997.
Cylinder Number: AAL2794 Certification Date: 1/19/99 Exp. Date: 1/18/2002
Cylinder Pressure* * *: 1995 PSIG
ANALYTICAL
COMPONENT CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION ACCURACY** TRACEABILITY
OXYGEN
NITROGEN
21.1
%
BALANCE
+ /-
NIST
""Do not use when cylinder pressure is below 150 psig
** Analytical accuracy is inclusive of usual known error sources which at least include precision of the measurement processes.
Product certified as + /- 1% analytical accuracy is directly traceable to NIST standards.
REFERENCE STANDARD
TYPE/SRM NO.
NTRM 2659 ._•-''
EXPIRATION DATE
1/02/01
CYLINDER NUMBER
ALM031719
CONCENTRATION
20.72 %
COMPONENT
OXYGEN
INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENT/MODEL/SERIAL*
PARAMAG 02/SERVOMEX/244/701/1446
DATE LAST CALIBRATED
01/12/99
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLE
PARAMAGNETIC
ANALYZER READINGS
(Z = Zero Gas R = Reference Gas T = TestGas r = Correlation Coefficient)
First Triad Analysis Second Triad Analysis Calibration Curve
OXYGEN i->.
D»te: 01/19/99 Response Unit: PCT
Z1-0.0005 R1-20.720 T1=21.110
R2-20.720 " 22-0.0007 T2-21.110
Z3-0.0008 • • T3-21.100 R3-20.720
---•; .-i
Avg. Concentration: '-% 21.11 %
Concentration » A + Bx + Cx2 •*• Dx3 + Ex4
r-0.999999
Constants: A.-0.005293
B-24.996153 C-0.00000
D> 0.00000 E-0.00000
Special Notes:
APPROVED BY:
DIANA BEEHLER
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
Slfrl EASTOW ROAD, DLDC
PO BOX 310
jped
From:
PLUMSTEADVILLE
Phone: 215-766-8861
CERTIFICATE
PA 18949-0310
O F
Fax: 215-766-2070
ANALYS IS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
PO # 814671
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS CO
80524
PROJECT #: 01-14795-002
P0#: 814671
ITEM #: 0102F2002304AL
DATE: 3/17/99
CYLINDER #: ALM018968
FILL PRESSURE: 2015 PSIA
ANALYTICAL ACCURACY: +/-5%
PRODUCT EXPIRATION: 9/19/1999
BLEND TYPE
COMPONENT
FORMALDEHYDE
NITROGEN
CERTIFIED MASTER GAS
'REQUESTED GAS
CONC MOLES
ANALYSIS
(MOLES)
10.
PPM
BALANCE
10 .66
PPM
BALANCE
ANALYST -.
CHRIS ABER'
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
Tpped
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635
CERTIFICATE OF
Fax: 303-772-7673
ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS
CO 80524
PROJECT #: 08-54127-002
P0#: VERBAL PER GARY
ITEM #: 0802N0005201XL
DATE: 3/02/99
CYLINDER #: PGS9650
FILL PRESSURE: 232 PSIG
ANALYTICAL ACCURACY:
PRODUCT EXPIRATION:
BLEND TYPE : GRAVIMETRIC MASTER GAS
COMPONENT
N-BUTANE
CARBON DIOXIDE
ETHANE
N-HEXANE
ISOBUTANE
ISOPENTANE
NITROGEN
N-PENTANE
PROPANE
METHANE
CGA 510
REQUESTED GAS
CONC MOLES
.2 %
2 .
4 .
.2
.2
.2
2.
.2
1.
BALANCE
3/02/2000
ANALYSIS
(MOLES)
0.200 %
2 . 00 %
4. 00 %
0.200 %
0.201 %
0.200 %
1. 98 %
0.200 %
1. 00 %
232 PSIA
GRAVIMETRICALLY PREPARED
BALANCE
EXPOSURE TO TEMPERATURE BELOW 32 DEC F MAY CAUSE
COMPONENTS TO LIQUIFY. KEEP CYLINDER ABOVE 70 DEG F FOR
1-2 DAYS OR HEAT FOR 1-2 HOURS. ROLL CYLINDER FOR 15
MINUTES BEFORE USING.
************************************************************
DO NOT HEAT ABOVE 120 DEG F.
ALWAYS USE ADEQUATE TEMPERATURE CONTROL.
************************************************************
ANALYST:
M
NIST TRACEABILITY: BY WEIGHTS
VIRGINIA CHANDLER
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
Dped
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635
CERTIFICATE OF
Fax: 303-772-7673
ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS
PROJECT #: 08-52623-005
P0#: DP0763155
ITEM #: 0801817 A
DATE: 1/13/99
CO 80524
CYLINDER #: XA9251
FILL PRESSURE: 2200 PSIG
PURE MATERIAL: NITROGEN
GRADE: HIGH PURITY
PURITY: 99.99%
CAS# 7727-37-9
CGA 580
2200 PSIG
ANALYST:
WAYNE JOHNSON
"so:
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT
Phone: 888-253-1635
CO 80501
Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS
CO 80524
PROJECT #: 08-52623-004
P0#: DP0763155
ITEM #: 0801809 A
DATE: 1/13/99
CYLINDER #: 1A022741
FILL PRESSURE: 2200 PSIG
PURE MATERIAL: NITROGEN
GRADE: ULTRA-HI PURITY
PURITY: 99.9995%
CAS# 7727-37-9
IMPURITY
THC
O2
CO
C02
H20
MAXIMUM
CONCENTRATIONS
0.5 PPM
0.5 PPM
1 PPM
1 PPM
2 PPM
ACTUAL
CONCENTRATIONS
< 0.5 PPM
< 0.5 PPM
< 1 PPM
< 1 PPM
< 2 PPM
CGA 580
2200 PSIG
ANALYST:
^w
' •^"'l/tf //TV
WAYNE JOHNSON
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
sped
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635
CERTIFICATE OF
Fax: 303-772-7673
ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS
PROJECT #: 08-52623-004
P0#: DP0763155
ITEM #: 0801809 A
DATE: 1/13/99
CO 80524
CYLINDER #: 1A013516
FILL PRESSURE: 2200 PSIG
PURE MATERIAL: NITROGEN
GRADE: ULTRA-HI PURITY
CAS# 7727-37-9
PURITY: 99.9995%
IMPURITY
THC
02
CO
C02
H2O
MAXIMUM
CONCENTRATIONS
0
0
PPM
PPM
1 PPM
1
2
PPM
PPM
ACTUAL
CONCENTRATIONS
< 0.5 PPM
< 0.5 PPM
< 1 PPM
< 1 PPM
< 2 PPM
CGA 580
2200 PSIG
ANALYST:
(J.
WAYNE'JOHNSON
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
iped
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT
Phone: 888-253-1635
CO 80501
Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS
CO 80524
PROJECT #: 08-52623-004
P0#: DP0763155
ITEM #: 0801809 A
DATE: 1/13/99
CYLINDER #: 1A014410
FILL PRESSURE: 2200 PSIG
PURE MATERIAL: NITROGEN
GRADE: ULTRA-HI PURITY
PURITY: 99.9995%
CAS# 7727-37-9
IMPURITY
THC
02
CO
C02
H20
MAXIMUM
CONCENTRATIONS
0
0.
1
1
2
PPM
PPM
PPM
PPM
PPM
ACTUAL
CONCENTRATIONS
< 0.5 PPM
< 0.5 PPM
< 1 PPM
< 1 PPM
< 2 PPM
CGA 580
2200 PSIG
ANALYST:
WAYNE JOHNSON
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT
Phone: 888-253-1635
CO 80501
Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS
CO 80524
PROJECT #: 08-52623-003
P0#: DP0763155
ITEM #: 0801022 A
DATE: 1/13/99
CYLINDER #: XA6046
FILL PRESSURE: 2200 PSIG
PURE MATERIAL: AIR
GRADE: HYDROCARBONFREE
CAS# 132259-10-0
IMPURITY
02 CONTENT
CO
C02
H2O
THC(CH4)
MAXIMUM
CONCENTRATIONS
20 TO 21%
0.5PPM
1PPM
5PPM
0.1PPM
ACTUAL
CONCENTRATIONS
= 20 TO 21%
< 0.5 PPM
< 1 PPM
< 5 PPM
< 0.1 PPM
CGA 590
2200 PSIG
ANALYST:
WAYNE JOHNSO:
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
sped
From :
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT
Phone: 888-253-1635
CO 80501
CERTIFICATE
O F
Fax: 303-772-7673
ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS
CO 80524
PROJECT #: 08-52623-003
P0#: DP0763155
ITEM #: 0801022 A
DATE: 1/13/99
CYLINDER #: A021890
FILL PRESSURE: 2200 PSIG
PURE MATERIAL: AIR
GRADE: KYDROCARBONFREE
CAS# 132259-10-0
IMPURITY
O2 CONTENT
CO
C02
H2O
THC(CH4)
MAXIMUM
CONCENTRATIONS
20 TO 21%
0.5PPM
1PPM
5PPM
0.1PPM
ACTUAL
CONCENTRATIONS
= 20 TO 21%
< 0.5 PPM
< 1 PPM
< 5 PPM
< 0.1 PPM
CGA 590
2200 PSIG
ANALYST:
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
sped
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635
CERTIFICATE OF
Fax: 303-772-7673
ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS
CO 80524
PROJECT #: 08-52623-003
P0#: DP0763155
ITEM #: 0801022 A
DATE: 1/13/99
CYLINDER #: XA5689
FILL PRESSURE: 2200 PSIG
PURE MATERIAL: AIR
GRADE: HYDROCARBONFREE
CASH 132259-10-0
IMPURITY
02 CONTENT
CO
C02
H20
THC(CH4)
MAXIMUM
CONCENTRATIONS
20 TO 21%
0.5PPM
1PPM
5PPM
0.1PPM
ACTUAL
CONCENTRATIONS
= 20 TO 21%
< 0.5 PPM
< 1 PPM
< 5 PPM
< 0 . 1 PPM
CGA 590
2200 PSIG
ANALYST:
WAYNE JOHNSON
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
CHECK CLASS
Noncertified Calibration Standard
suu wtAvti-rrAflK RD,UJNGMUNT,T;O ouooi
Phone: 8o8-^b3-i635
Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF CONFORMANCE: Check Class Calibration Standard
Product Information
Project No.: 08-52623-001
Item No.: 08023333 YA
P.O. No.: DP0763155
Folio #:
Cylinder Number: 1A8708
Cylinder Size: A
Certification Date: 1/12/1999
Customer
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS, CO 80524
CERTIFIED CONCENTRATION
Component Name
OXYGEN
NITROGEN
Concentration
(Moles)
40.
Accuracy
%
BALANCE
APPROVED BY:
DATE:
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
Dped
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT
Phone: 888-253-1635
CO 80501
Fax: 303-772-7673
CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS
CO 80524
PROJECT #: 08-54125-001
P0#: VERBAL PER GARY
ITEM #: 080153501 AL
DATE: 2/16/99
CYLINDER #: ALM035715
FILL PRESSURE: 2000 PSIG
PURE MATERIAL: HELIUM
GRADE: NGG1
PURITY: 99.999%
CAS# 7440-59-7
CGA 580
2000 PSIG
ANALYST:
WAYNE ffOHNSO:
f
U--t.
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
jsrtpped
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635
CERTIFICATE OF
Fax: 303-772-7673
ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS
CO 80524
PROJECT #: 08-54125-001
P0#: VERBAL PER GARY
ITEM #: 080153501 AL
DATE: 2/16/99
CYLINDER #: ALM022162
FILL PRESSURE: 2000 PSIG
PURE MATERIAL: HELIUM
GRADE: NGG1
PURITY: 99.999%
CAS# 7440-59-7
CGA 580
2000 PSIG
ANALYST:
WAYNE JOHNSCjN
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
jped
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT
Phone: 888-253-1635
CERTIFICATE
CO 80501
O F
Fax: 303-772-7673
ANALYS I S
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS
CO 80524
PROJECT #: 08-54125-002
P0#: VERBAL PER GARY
ITEM #: 0801543 AL
DATE: 2/16/99
CYLINDER #: ALM044013
FILL PRESSURE: 2000 PSIG
PURE MATERIAL: HYDROGEN
GRADE: ZERO GAS
PURITY: 99.99%
IMPURITY
THC
CAS# 1333-74-0
MAXIMUM
CONCENTRATIONS
0.5 PPM
ACTUAL
CONCENTRATIONS
< 0.5 PPM
CGA 350
'2000 PSIG
ANALYST:
WAYNKJOHNSON
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
From :
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT
Phone: 888-253-1635
CERTIFICATE
CO 80501
O F
Fax: 303-772-7673
ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS
CO 80524
PROJECT #: 08-54125-002
P0#: VERBAL PER GARY
ITEM #: 0801543 AL
DATE: 2/16/99
CYLINDER #: ALM007853
FILL PRESSURE: 2000 PSIG
PURE MATERIAL: HYDROGEN
GRADE: ZERO GAS
PURITY: 99.99%
IMPURITY
THC
CAS# 1333-74-0
MAXIMUM
CONCENTRATIONS
0.5 PPM
ACTUAL
CONCENTRATIONS
< 0.5 PPM
CGA 350
2000 PSIG
ANALYST:
WAYNE JOHNS0N
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635
CERTIFICATE OF
Fax: 303-772-7673
ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS
PROJECT #: 08-52623-002
P0#: DP0763155
ITEM #: 08022333 5A
DATE: 1/12/99
CO 80524
CYLINDER #: 1C1367
FILL PRESSURE: 2255 PSIG
ANALYTICAL ACCURACY: +/-2%
PRODUCT EXPIRATION: 1/08/2002
BLEND TYPE
COMPONENT
HYDROGEN
HELIUM
CERTIFIED WORKING STD
REQUESTED GAS
CONC MOLES
40 .
ANALYSIS
(MOLES)
40.0 %
, BALANCE
BALANCE
CGA 350
2255 PSIG
ANALYST:
2VE SHOCKITES
-------
Scott Specialty Gases
Dped
From:
500 WEAVER PARK RD
LONGMONT CO 80501
Phone: 888-253-1635
CERTIFICATE OF
Fax: 303-772-7673
ANALYSIS
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
ENERGY LAB
430 NORTH COLLEGE
FORT COLLINS
CO 80524
PROJECT #: 08-52623-002
P0#: DP0763155
ITEM #: 08022333 5A
DATE: 1/12/99
CYLINDER #: A2171
FILL PRESSURE: 2248 PSIG
ANALYTICAL ACCURACY: +/-2%
PRODUCT EXPIRATION: 1/08/2002
BLEND TYPE
COMPONENT
HYDROGEN
HELIUM
CERTIFIED WORKING STD
REQUESTED GAS
CONC MOLES
40.
ANALYSIS
(MOLES)
39.9 %
BALANCE
BALANCE
CGA 350
2248 PSIG
ANALYS T.-
STEVE SHOCKITES
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX I
BASELINE METHANE/NON-METHANE ANALYZER
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
12/31/98
Page 1 of 6
1030H SOURCE METHANE/NON-METHANE
BASELINE FINAL TEST PROCEDURE
ORDER: | CSU I
A VISUAL INSPECTION
1 Visual check per BLI Quality Assurance standards.
2 All cable connections secure and not damaged.
3 All solder connections clean, no cold solder joints.
4 Power cord and back panel plumbing fittings are provided.
5 All PC boards are serialized, with matching test slips in the unit file.
6 Verify plumbing according to attached application document.
7 Verify options according to attached engineering document.
8 Prior work order routings signed and completed.
B FUNCTIONAL CHECK
1 470 ohm resistors correct.
2 Air and H2 regulators turn and lock correctly, gauges reflect pressure change.
3 Range switches function correctly.
4 Signal selection switch set to two position and centered on panel.
5 Power, Pump, Zero, and H2 switches work correctly.
6 Span pots turn easily and are set correctly
MOTHERBOARD
1 AC Power supply wired for correct source(110V/220V).
2 -5V, + 15VISO, and -15V regulator isolated from chassis ground.
3 Ignite button jumps cut.(For Auto Ignite Option)
4 Confirm orientation on all capacitors.
SERIAL #:
1322
110V
11.97
ELECTRICAL CHECK
1 AC transformer voltages checked at J11.
2 DC regulator voltages checked at motherboard
a +12VDC
b -5VDC =
c 15VDC =
d -15VDC =
e 15V ISO =
f
+ 5 VDC =
-5.05
14.9
-15.29
15.25
3 Collector Voltage checked at E2
a -150V supply =
b -15V supply =
c Custom supply =
OPTIONS INSTALLED
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
Custom Collector Voltage Board
Jumper selectable Collector Voltage
Secondary trim pot on Amp board at P1
Dual 4-20mA Modules
0-1V to 0-10V converters(on each 4-20mA module)
Auto Ignite
Dual Range switch
-------
12/31/98
Page 2 of 6
INTERFACE BOARD INSTALLATION
1 Install interface board on an extender card in slot 4
2 Place unit in "manual" mode, enter the logic codes listed below.
3 Check the voltages at the pins indicated.
Pin #
REST
LOGIC
RESET
VOLTS
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
15
16
17
18
20
22
L
N
P
S
U
V
0 VDC
OVDC
0 VDC
OVDC
OVDC
OVDC
OVDC
5 VDC
OVDC
5 VDC
OVDC
OVDC
OVDC
OVDC
OVDC
OVDC
OVDC
5 VDC
OVDC
OVDC
OVDC
OVDC
OVDC
01
11
21
31
41
51
61
XI
15 or 25 & X1
X1
33
55
13
23
45
25
15
X5
65
35
X1
03
05
XX,00
XX.OO
XX.OO
XX.OO
XX.OO
XX.OO
XX.OO
00
16,26,00
00
XX.OO
XX.OO
14,00
24,00
46,00
26,00
16,00
00
XX, 00
XX.OO
00
04,00
06,00
5 VDC
5 VDC
5 VDC
5 VDC
5 VDC
5 VDC
5 VDC
OVDC
15 VDC (unloaded)
OVDC
5 VDC
5 VDC
1 5 VDC (unloaded)
1 5 VDC (unloaded)
5 VDC
5 VDC
5 VDC
OVDC
5 VDC
5 VDC
15 VDC (unloaded)
5 VDC
5 VDC
4 Remove the extender card and replace the interface board in slot 4.
G AMPLIFIER BOARD INSTALLATION
1 Plug the amplifier board on the extender card in slot 7.
2 Clip a jumper between the bottom side of R4 and the upper right pin
on the detector plug matrix.(DET 1)
3 In the MANUAL mode enter code OO(reset).
4 Set the RANGES to 2, the SPAN pots to 10, and the SIGNAL to Methane.
special Set the Dual Range (HIGH/LOW) switch to LOW.
5 Adjust the voltage at pin 10 of U2 to O.OmVDC with P2.
special Adjust the voltage at pin 12 of U2 to O.OmVDC with P1.
6 Enter code 01 (enable detector 1 signal out).
7 Adjust the voltage at pin 12 of U4 to O.OmVDC with P4.
8 Enter code OO(reset).
9 Adjust the voltage at pin 10 of U8 to O.OmVDC with P12.
10 Adjust the voltage at pin 12 of U8 to O.OmVDC with P13.
11 Enter code 01 and 05(SPAN).
12 Adjust the voltage at pin 10 of U8 to 1.00VDC with P3.
13 Remove the jumper and plug the ribbon cable into the electrometer.
14 Remove the extender card and replace the Amplifier board in slot 7.
-------
12/31/98
Page 3 of 6
H
AUTO IGNITE BOARD CHECK
1 Make sure programmed PAL chip is in position U3 on the Auto Ignite board.
2 Adjust the voltage at test point 1 to 3.00V with P1.
3 Attach auto ignite test fixture to test points 1-12.
4 Adjust P2 until diode 10(occilation frequency) turns on every 10 seconds.
5 Turn unit off, then on to reset. Diodes 6-9 on the test fixture should step
through a binary count sequence, with diode 4(coil on) lighting every other step.
6 Diode 5(H2 Shutoff) should remain lit until a binary count of 10.
Afterwards, diode 5 should respond to the front panel H2 ON/OFF switch
and diode 4(coil on) should respond to the Ignite button.
7 Short terminal 7 on the back panel to ground. The sequence should reset.
SAMPLE PUMP SETUP
1 Turn on the pump with the front panel switch.
2 Check that the fittings and lines are not vibrating against the case as they
pass through the oven wall.
3 Check that the internal lines are not vibrating against each other.
4 If vibration is a problem, adjust the pump shock mount spacing.
TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER SETUP
1 Access the setup menu on the Watlow temperature controller by pressing
the UP and DOWN keys simultaneously for three seconds.
2 Use the UP/DOWN keys to change variables within a selection and the
M(mode) key to advance to the next selection.
3 The normal values used by MSA-Baseline are:
LOG
In
dEC
C F
0
H
0
C
rL
rH
Ot 1
HSC
-200
1250
ht
2
Ot2
HSA
LAt
SIL
dEA
2
nLA
OFF
rtd
rP
rt
PL
void
OFF
void
100
4 Access the operation menu by pressing the M(mode) key.
5 Use the UP/DOWN keys to change variables within a selection and the
M(mode) key to advance to the next selection.
6 The normal values used by MSA-Baseline are:
Pb1
rE1
rA1
3
0.15
0.33
Ct1
Pb2
rE2
5
void
void
rA2
Ct2
ALO
void
void
-25
ALH
CAL
AUt
25
-20
0
7 Note: Most values in the operation menu will set themselves by setting the
AUt selection to 2. See the Watlow Manual for more information.
8 Use the UP/DOWN keys to select a set point. Normally set at 200.
9 Monitor oven temperature with an external temperature probe. You will
have to adjust the CAL value in the operation menu so that the Watlow
controllers Temp. Read matches the external probe.
11 After athe temperature has stabilized, note the final value.
Watlow Display Oven Chamber CAL Value
SET=| 200 I MAIN =
READ= 200 FID =
CAL =
-18
-------
12/31/98
Page 4 of 6
J
special
special
INTEGRATOR BOARD TEST
Set integrator board dip switch to 4(may have to be adjusted w/custom ranges)
special
special
special
special
special
1 Note dip switch setting
2 Set signal switch to Methane and the methane Range to 50.
Set the Dual Range switch to LOW
3 Enter code 00, 05, 01. Wait 50 seconds. Enter code 02.
4 Adjust the methane span pot until the display reads 50.0
Change the range to 20, display should read 20.0
Change the range to 10, display should read 10.0
Change the range to 5, display should read 5.00
Change the range to 2, display should read 2.00
Note methane span pot setting
Note: When a multiplication factor is involved on an instrument,
multiply both the range and the display by the same amount.
For example, a range of 50ppm (x10) is 500ppm, and the display of
50.0 (x10) is also 500.
5 Attach volt meter between pin 5(methane out) and pin 1 (methane iso-ground).
Output should be 20.0 mA(w/4-20mA module) or 1.000V. | 1
7 Change the methane range back to 50.
8 Enter code 00, 05, 01. Wait 25 seconds. Enter code 02.
9 Value displayed should be 25.0
Output at pin 5 should be 12.0mA(w/4-20mA module) or 0.500V.
11 Set the signal switch to Non-Methane.
12 Enter code 00, 05, 11. Wait 50 seconds. Enter code 12.
13 Adjust the non-methane span pot until the display reads 50.0
Change the range to 20, display should read 20.0
Change the range to 10, display should read 10.0
Change the range to 5, display should read 5.00
Change the range to 2, display should read 2.00
Output should be 20.0mA(w/4-20mA module) or1.000 VDC.
16 Change the non-methane range back to 50.
17 Enter code 00, 05, 11. Wait 25 seconds. Enter code 12.
18 Value displayed should be 25.0
Output at pin 5 should be 12mA(w/4-20mA module) orO.500 VDC.
19 Note non methane span pot setting.
K
4-20mA OUTPUT OPTION (Methane)
-------
12/31/98
Page 5 of 6
Note: check all values below at the 4-20mA modules mounted on the instruments
left side panel
1 Check for AC line voltage on dual 20V module.
2 Check U1 20V output
3 Check U2 20V output
4 Check 0-10V signal in at U on the mA module.
5 Check 4-20mA output between T (gnd) and I (signal) on the same side .
6 Indicate exaxt results using the span signal as the input.
input output
OO.OmV
10.11V
4.05
20.02
special
Check that the x10V board is operating correctlylpin 4 = 0-1V in, pin 3
(Non-Methane)
7 Check for AC line voltage on dual 20V module.
8 Check U1 20V output
9 Check U2 20V output
10 Check 0-10V signal in at UE on mA module.
11 Check 4-20mA output between terminal T (gnd) and I (signal) on the same side.
12 Indicate exaxt results using the span signal as the input.
input output
0-10V out)
OO.OmV
10.11V
3.99
20.02
special Check that the x10V board is operating correctly(pin 4 = 0-1V in, pin 3 = 0-10V out)
FLOW CALIBRATION
1 Attach H2 and HCF Air to their respective inlets on the back panel.
Bottle pressure should be 40PSI in both cases.
Note: It is common to "T" the Air line to provide pressure for both the
combustion Air inlet and the SP (valve actuation) inlet.
2 Attach a flow meter to the outlet side of the built in H2 regulator.
Adjust the pressure until a flow of 40 cc/min is obtained.
3 Attach a flow meter to the outlet side of the Air regulator.
Adjust to pressure until a flow of 200cc/min is obtained.
4 Note exact results.
Air =
H2 =
27
21
PSIat
PSIat
200
40
cc/min.
cc/min
5 Attach carrier gas to CARRIER IN port, (normally HCF Air or Zero N2)
6 Adjust carrier gas bottle pressure until a flow of 45cc/min is obtained.
Note: Flow must be measured at the FID inside the oven. H2 flow must be cut
prior to measurement, and the temperature must have stabilized at the normal
operational setting. Normally a bottle pressure of 25 PSI will produce the desired
flow rate. Use a high temperature flow rate probe.
7 Note exact results for inject (03) and backflush (04) modes.
PSI AT BOTTLE I
M
INJECT
BACKFLUSH
8 Reopen H2 bottle.
IGNITE FID
22
22
cc/min
cc/min
28
-------
12/31/98
Page 6 of 6
M
special
N
1 Install FID in the oven. Connect Fuel and Air lines. Make sure the
extender and chimney locking collars are set tightly.
2 Attach the electrometer board to the extender as it emerges from
the oven wall. After checking that the FID ignites, reattach the electrometer
inside its shield with insulation.
3 Turn unit off, then on to reset the auto ignite sequence. Check for flame
by looking for condensation on cold steel at the chimney vent.
4 Confirm that the ignite LED on the front panel lights when the flame does.
5 If the flame does not light:
a Manually light the flame by holding open the H2 ON/OFF switch
and pressing the ignite button.
b Try increasing the H2 pressure slightly
c Remove the FID chimney and check that the coil is glowing
brightly when the ignite button is pressed.
DISPLAY METER. RANGE. AND SIGNAL OUT TEST
The Dual Range swith adds a multiplier to the amp board circuit
prior to the span signal, and so it should have no impact on this test.
1 Connect the multimeter to back panel terminals number 10(ground)
and number 3(0 to 100mVDC signal out)
2 Enter code OO(reset). Ranges set to 2. Signal set to Methane.
3 Voltage at terminal 3 = 00.0 mVDC.
5 Enter code 01 (enable output)
6 Voltage at terminal 3 = 0.0 mVDC.
7 Enter code 05 (span)'.
8 Voltage at terminal 3 = 100.0 mVDC.
9 Range Set to 5. Voltage at terminal 3 = 40.0 mVDC.
11 Range Set to 10. Voltage at terminal 3 = 20.0 mVDC.
12 Range Set to 20. Voltage at terminal 3 = 10.0 mVDC.
14 Range Set to 50. Voltage at terminal 3 = 4.0 mVDC.
15 Enter code OO(reset)
16 Voltage at terminal 2 = 0.000 VDC.
17 Enter code 01 (enable output) and 05(span)
18 Voltage at terminal 2 = 10.0 VDC.
BURN IN
1 Let unit run for 48 hours with the sample pump drawing from a zero
nitrogen stream at a slight overpressure.
START BURN IN
Time=[ 8:00 AM |
STOP BURN IN
Time = I 8:00 AMI
Date = | 12/28/98|
CODE 01 CODE 11
Actual Values Found
100
39.8
20
10
04.0
100
37.8
20
9.9
3.9
05.0
10.07
Date = | 12/31/98|
COMPLETED BY
I AFN
-------
12/31/98
1030H SOURCE METHANE / NON-METHANE
BASELINE APPLICATION DATA SHEET
ORDER:
Ranges
Columns
Sample lo
. — - " --- .
Program
CSU
COLLECTOR VOLTAGE:
C1
C2
QB.
S1
Step
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
99
Low
high
-15.18
-99.8
SERIAL #:
DETECTOR:
DUAL(x100)200,500,1000,2000,5000{x1000)2K,5K,10K,20K,50K
Part #
SC001020
SC001021
Arangement:
Material
3S unibeads
1 S unibeads
tubing
6' x 1/8" SS
5' x 1/8" SS
Port 7 on the valve to C2 to C1 to Port 6 on the valve
10.7" x,085 I.D. SS
Time
oeiso
oerTT"
04-^93 —
04*53—
•Q&Q&-
•63.30 ~
04:30~
tWT^F
-©4:50-
-00*65-
LINEARITY TEST (LOW)
50(x100) range
peak
1
3
Code
03 Q 0 tf 0
L15 00 if
01 Q( / 9
02 £(37
04 $ i v 6
1 1 0 3t <
12 Q *,£4
00 £?>!,<>'
99 0 3
-------
csu
UNIT: 1030H M/N
SERIAL 0 1322
DATE 12/31/98 BY A.N.
Separation Test
1 5000 ppm Methane
2 5000 ppm Propane
3 1 % Methane
4 1% Propane
BALANCE HCF Air
high range
FLOW SETTINGS
PSI STREAM
27 AIR
21 H2
28 Carier Inj.
RATE
200 cc/min
40 cc/min
22 cc/min
28 Carrier Bk. 22 cc/min
TRIM POT SETTINGS
Methane 5.89
Non-Methane 2.26
ELECTROMETER
1 MEGOHM
1 MICROFARAD
1 SECT.C.
10K/100KatR6
normal zero circuit
OVEN TEMPERATURES
TYPE: WATLOW
200 SET
200 READ
198.4°C MAIN OVEN
-18 CAL
DETECTOR
TYPE: FID
COLLECTOR VOLTS:
-99.8
RANGE
Methane
50000 ppm
50 POSITION
(xlOOO)
Non-Methane
50000 ppm
50 POSITION
CHART REC. SETTINGS
-------
UNIT:
SERIAL*
DATE 12/31/98
1030H M/N
1322
BY A.N.
Separation Test
1 500 ppm Methane
2 500 ppm Propane
3 BOOOppm Methane
4 5000ppm Propane
BALANCE HCF Air
low range
FLOW SETTINGS
PSr STREAM
27 AIR
21 H2
28 Carier Inj.
28 Carrier Bk.
TRIM POT SETTINGS
Methane 6.10
Non-Methane 2.31
RATE
200 cc/min
40 cc/min
22 cc/min
22 cc/min
ELECTROMETER
1 MEGOHM
1 MICROFARAD
1 SECT.C.
10K/100KatR6
normal zero circuit
OVEN TEMPERATURES
TYPE: WATLOW
200 SET
200 READ
198.4°C MAIN OVEN
-18 CAL
DETECTOR
TYPE : FID
COLLECTOR VOLTS:
-15
RANGE
Methane
5000 ppm
50 POSITION
(x100)
Non-Methane
5000 ppm
50 POSITION
CHART REC. SETTINGS
SPEED: . 5 mm/min
FULL SCALE: 1 0OmV
-------
12/31/98
Page 1 of 6
SERIAL #:
1030H SOURCE METHANE/NON-METHANE
BASELINE FINAL TEST PROCEDURE
ORDER: | CSU 1
A VISUAL INSPECTION
1 Visual check per BLI Quality Assurance standards.
2 All cable connections secure and not damaged.
3 All solder connections clean, no cold solder joints.
4 Power cord and back panel plumbing finings are provided.
5 All PC boards are serialized, with matching test slips in the unit file.
6 Verify plumbing according to attached application document.
7 Verify options according to attached engineering document.
8 Prior work order routings signed and completed.
B FUNCTIONAL CHECK
1 470 ohm resistors correct.
2 Air and H2 regulators turn and lock correctly, gauges reflect pressure change.
3 Range switches function correctly.
4 Signal selection switch set to two position and centered on panel.
5 Power, Pump, Zero, and H2 switches work correctly.
6 Span pots turn easily and are set correctly
MOTHERBOARD
1 AC Power supply wired for correct sourced 10V/220V).
2 -5V, + 15VISO, and -15V regulator isolated from chassis ground.
3 Ignite button jumps cut.(For Auto Ignite Option)
4 Confirm orientation on all capacitors.
1321
110V
a
b
c
d
e
f
11.82
ELECTRICAL CHECK
1 AC transformer voltages checked at J11.
2 DC regulator voltages checked at motherboard
+12VDC
-5 VDC =
15 VDC •
-15 VDC =
15V ISO =
+ 5 VDC =
-5.02
14.94
-15.17
15.01
3 Collector Voltage checked at E2
a -150V supply =
b -15V supply =
c Custom supply =
OPTIONS INSTALLED
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
Custom Collector Voltage Board
Jumper selectable Collector Voltage
Secondary trim pot on Amp board at P1
Dual 4-20mA Modules
0-1V to 0-10V converters(on each 4-20mA module)
Auto Ignite
Dual Range switch
-------
12/31/98
Page 2 of 6
INTERFACE BOARD INSTALLATION
1 Install interface board on an extender card in slot 4
2 Place unit in "manual" mode, enter the logic codes listed below.
3 Check the voltages at the pins indicated.
REST
LOGIC
RESET
VOLTS
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
15
16
17
18
20
22
L
N
P
S
U
V
0 VDC
OVDC
0 VDC
OVDC
OVDC
OVDC
OVDC
5 VDC
OVDC
5 VDC
OVDC
OVDC
OVDC
OVDC
OVDC
OVDC
OVDC
5 VDC
OVDC
OVDC
OVDC
OVDC
OVDC
01
11
21
31
41
51
61
X1
15 or 25 &X1
X1
33
55
13
23
45
25
15
X5
65
35
X1
03
05
XX,00
XX,00
XX,00
XX, 00
XX.OO
XX,00
xx,oo
00
16,26,00
00
XX.OO
XX,00
14,00
24,00
46,00
26,00
16,00
00
XX,00
XX,00
00
04,00
06,00
5 VDC
5 VDC
5 VDC
5 VDC
5 VDC
5 VDC
5 VDC
OVDC
1 5 VDC (unloaded)
OVDC
5 VDC
5 VDC
15 VDC (unloaded)
15 VDC (unloaded)
5 VDC
5 VDC
5 VDC
OVDC
5 VDC
5 VDC
15 VDC (unloaded)
5 VDC
5 VDC
4 Remove the extender card and replace the interface board in slot 4.
G AMPLIFIER BOARD INSTALLATION
1 Plug the amplifier board on the extender card in slot 7.
2 Clip a jumper between the bottom side of R4 and the upper right pin
on the detector plug matrix.(DET 1)
3 In the MANUAL mode enter code OO(reset).
4 Set the RANGES to 2, the SPAN pots to 10, and the SIGNAL to Methane.
special Set the Dual Range (HIGH/LOW) switch to LOW.
5 Adjust the voltage at pin 10 of U2 to O.OmVDC with P2.
special Adjust the voltage at pin 12 of U2 to O.OmVDC with P1.
6 Enter code 01 (enable detector 1 signal out).
7 Adjust the voltage at pin 12 of U4 to O.OmVDC with P4.
8 Enter code OO(reset).
9 Adjust the voltage at pin 10 of US to O.OmVDC with P12.
10 Adjust the voltage at pin 12 of U8 to O.OmVDC with P13.
11 Enter code 01 and 05(SPAN).
12 Adjust the voltage at pin 10 of U8 to 1 .OOVDC with P3.
13 Remove the jumper and plug the ribbon cable into the electrometer.
14 Remove the extender card and replace the Amplifier board in slot 7.
-------
12/31/98
Page 3 of 6
H AUTO IGNITE BOARD CHECK
1 Make sure programmed PAL chip is in position U3 on the Auto Ignite board.
2 Adjust the voltage at test point 1 to 3.00V with P1.
3 Attach auto ignite test fixture to test points 1-12.
4 Adjust P2 until diode 10(occilation frequency) turns on every 10 seconds.
5 Turn unit off, then on to reset. Diodes 6-9 on the test fixture should step
through a binary count sequence, with diode 4(coil on) lighting every other step.
6 Diode 5(H2 Shutoff) should remain lit until a binary count of 10.
Afterwards, diode 5 should respond to the front panel H2 ON/OFF switch
and diode 4(coil on) should respond to the Ignite button.
7 Short terminal 7 on the back panel to ground. The sequence should reset.
I SAMPLE PUMP SETUP
1 Turn on the pump with the front panel switch.
2 Check that the fittings and lines are not vibrating against the case as they
pass through the oven wall.
3 Check that the internal lines are not vibrating against each other.
4 If vibration is a problem, adjust the pump shock mount spacing.
I TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER SETUP
1 Access the setup menu on the Watlow temperature controller by pressing
the UP and DOWN keys simultaneously for three seconds.
2 Use the UP/DOWN keys to change variables within a selection and the
M(mode) key to advance to the next selection.
3 The normal values used by MSA-Baseline are:
LOC
In
dEC
C F
0
H
0
C
rl_
rH
Ot 1
HSC
-200
1250
ht
2
Ot2
HSA
LAt
SIL
dEA
2
nl_A
OFF
rtd
rP
rt
PL
void
OFF
void
100
4 Access the operation menu by pressing the M(mode) key.
5 Use the UP/DOWN keys to change variables within a selection and the
M(mode) key to advance to the next selection.
6 The normal values used by MSA-Baseline are:
Pb1
rE1
rA1
3
0.15
0.33
Ct1
Pb2
rE2
5
void
void
rA2
Ct2
ALO
void
void
-25
ALH
CAL
AUt
25
-20
0
7 Note: Most values in the operation menu will set themselves by setting the
AUt selection to 2. See the Watlow Manual for more information.
8 Use the UP/DOWN keys to select a set point. Normally set at 200.
9 Monitor oven temperature with an external temperature probe. You will
have to adjust the CAL value in the operation menu so that the Watlow
controllers Temp. Read matches the external probe.
11 After athe temperature has stabilized, note the final value.
Watlow Display iOven Chamber CAL Value
MAIN *
FID =
CAL=| -11
-------
12/31/98
Page 4 of 6
J
special
special
special
special
special
special
special
INTEGRATOR BOARD TEST
Set integrator board dip switch to 4(may have to be adjusted w/custom ranges)
8
Actual value found
1 Note dip switch setting
2 Set signal switch to Methane and the methane Range to 50.
Set the Dual Range switch to LOW
3 Enter code 00, 05, 01. Wait 50 seconds. Enter code 02.
4 Adjust the methane span pot until the display reads 50.0
Change the range to 20, display should read 20.0
Change the range to 10, display should read 10.0
Change the range to 5, display should read 5.00
Change the range to 2, display should read 2.00
Note methane span pot setting
Note: When a multiplication factor is involved on an instrument,
multiply both the range and the display by the same amount.
For example, a range of 50ppm 1x10) is 500ppm, and the display of
50.0 (x10) is also 500.
5 Attach volt meter between pin 5(methane out) and pin 1 (methane iso-ground).
Output should be 20.0 mA(w/4-20mA module) or 1.000V.
7 Change the methane range back to 50.
8 Enter code 00, 05, 01. Wait 25 seconds. Enter code 02.
9 Value displayed should be 25.0
Output at pin 5 should be 12.0mA(w/4-20mA module) or 0.500V.
11 Set the signal switch to Non-Methane.
12 Enter code 00, 05, 11. Wait 50 seconds. Enter code 12.
13 Adjust the non-methane span pot until the display reads 50.0
Change the range to 20, display should read 20.0
Change the range to 10, display should read 10.0
Change the range to 5, display should read 5.00
Change the range to 2, display should read 2.00
14 Attach volt meter between pin 6(non-methane out) and pin 9(non-nm
Output should be 20.0mA(w/4-20mA module) or1.000 VDC.
16 Change the non-methane range back to 50.
17 Enter code 00, 05, 11. Wait 25 seconds. Enter code 12.
18 Value displayed should be 25.0
Output at pin 5 should be 12mA(w/4-20mA module) orO.500 VDC.
19 Note non methane span pot setting.
1
K
4-20mA OUTPUT OPTION (Methane)
-------
12/31/98
Page 5 of 6
Note: check all values below at the 4-2OmA modules mounted on the instruments
left side panel
1 Check for AC line voltage on dual 20V module.
2 Check U1 20V output
3 Check U2 20V output
4 Check 0-10V signal in at U on the mA module.
5 Check 4-20mA output between T (gnd) and I (signal) on the same side
6 Indicate exaxt results using the span signal as the input.
input output
OO.OmV
10.11V
3.98
20.02
special
Check that the x10V board is operating correctlylpin 4 = 0-1V in, pin 3
(Non-Methane)
7 Check for AC line voltage on dual 20V module.
8 Check U1 20V output
9 Check U2 20V output
10 Check 0-10V signal in at UE on mA module.
11 Check 4-20mA output between terminal T (gnd) and I (signal) on the same side.
12 Indicate exaxt results using the span signal as the input.
input output
0-1QV out)
OO.OmV
10.11V
3.97
19.93
special Check that the x10V board is operating correctly(pin 4 » 0-1V in, pin 3 = 0-10V out)
FLOW CALIBRATION
1 Attach H2 and HCF Air to their respective inlets on the back panel.
Bottle pressure should be 40PSI in both cases.
Note: It is common to "T" the Air line to provide pressure for both the
combustion Air inlet and the SP (valve actuation) inlet.
2 Attach a flow meter to the outlet side of the built in H2 regulator.
Adjust the pressure until a flow of 40 cc/min is obtained.
3 Attach a flow meter to the outlet side of the Air regulator.
Adjust to pressure until a flow of 200cc/min is obtained.
4 Note exact results.
IPSI at
Air =
H2 =
24
22
PSIat
200
40
cc/min.
cc/min
5 Attach carrier gas to CARRIER IN port, (normally HCF Air or Zero N2)
6 Adjust carrier gas bottle pressure until a flow of 45cc/min is obtained.
Note: Flow must be measured at the FID inside the oven. H2 flow must be cut
prior to measurement, and the temperature must have stabilized at the normal
operational setting. Normally a bottle pressure of 25 PSI will produce the desired
flow rate. Use a high temperature flow rate probe.
7 Note exact results for inject (03) and backflush (04) modes.
PSI AT BOTTLE I
M
INJECT
' BACKFLUSH
8 Reopen H2 bottle.
IGNITE FID
18
18
cc/min
cc/min
26
-------
12/31/98
Page 6 of 6
M
special
N
1 Install FID m the oven. Connect Fuel and Air lines. Make sure the
extender and chimney locking collars are set tightly.
2 Attach the electrometer board to the extender as it emerges from
the oven wall. After checking that the FID ignites, reattach the electrometer
inside its shield with insulation.
3 Turn unit off, then on to reset the auto ignite sequence. Check for flame
by looking for condensation on cold steel at the chimney vent.
4 Confirm that the ignite LED on the front panel lights when the flame does.
5 If the flame does not light:
a Manually light the flame by holding open the H2 ON/OFF switch
and pressing the ignite button.
b Try increasing the H2 pressure slightly
c Remove the FID chimney and check that the coil is glowing
brightly when the ignite button is pressed.
DISPLAY METER. RANGE. AND SIGNAL OUT TEST
The Dual Range swith adds a multiplier to the amp board circuit
prior to the span signal, and so it should have no impact on this test.
1 Connect the multimeter to back panel terminals number 10(ground)
and number 3(0 to 100mVDC signal out)
2 Enter code OO(reset). Ranges set to 2. Signal set to Methane.
3 Voltage at terminal 3 = 00.0 mVDC.
5 Enter code 01 (enable output)
6 Voltage at terminal 3= 0.0 mVDC.
7 Enter code 05(span).
8 Voltage at terminal 3 = 100.0 mVDC.
9 Range Set to 5. Voltage at terminal 3 = 40.0 mVDC.
11 Range Set to 10. Voltage at terminal 3 = 20.0 mVDC.
12 Range Set to 20. Voltage at terminal 3
14 Range Set to 50. Voltage at terminal 3
15 Enter code OO(reset)
16 Voltage at terminal 2 = 0.000 VDC.
17 Enter code 01 (enable output) and 05(span)
18 Voltage at terminal 2= 10.0 VDC.
= 10.0mVDC.
4.0 mVDC.
BURN IN
1 Let unit run for 48 hours with the sample pump drawing from a zero
nitrogen stream at a slight overpressure.
START BURN IN
Time = I 8:00 AM]
STOP BURN IN
Date -1 12/28/98|
CODE 01 CODE 11
Actual Values Found
Time = | 8:00 AM|
Date = | 12/31/98|
COMPLETED BY
I AFN
-------
12/31/98
1030H SOURCE METHANE / NON-METHANE
BASELINE APPLICATION DATA SHEET
ORDER:
Ranaes
Columns
CSU
COLLECTOR VOLTAGE:
C1
C2
Sample loop
Proa ram
S1
Step
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
99
Low
high
-15.18
-15.18
SERIAL #:
DETECTOR:
DUAL 1x10)20,50,100,200,5001x100)200,500,1000,2000,5000
Part*
SCO01020
SCO01021
Arangement:
Material
3S unibeads
1 S unibeads
tubing
6' x 1/8" SS
5' x 1/8" SS
Port 7 on the valve to C2 to C1 to Port 6 on the valve
10.7" x ,085 I.D. SS
Time
eOiOO
OQ; 15
-Q*&5
01-. DO
02iOO-
&3*15-
fiiVTin
IACI . &\J
04c45
04-*©
Q&Q&
LINEARITY TEST (LOW)
501x100) range
peak
1
3
Code
03 OQ'QQ
15 OQtf
01 0A15
02 £/5"-£
04 O1Q&
11 0335"
1 2 O$]-8
00 0^3> 0
99 oyys
00 00Q,S
aproximately 1 mL volume
1321
FID
Description
Inject valve one
Enable detector one output
Open peak one(methane) window
Close peak one(methane) window
Back-flush valve one
Open peak two(non-methane) window
Close peak two(non-methane) window
Reset logic
Look to Recycle
Recycle
Note: Dip switch on integrator card set to 8.
Methane Peak
PPM
5.00
50.0
Methane Span:
Curves Used:
CURVE SHEETS ATTACHED
1
2
3
4
HIGH LINEARITY
LOW LINEARITY
FLOWS
stream
Air
H2
Sample
Carrier I
CarrierB
m
2$
20
pump
26
26
cc/min
200
40
2.2LPM
18
18
COMPLETED BY
Display '
05.1
49.9
i/^§4rf38-
2
50(x100) range
peak
2
4
Non Methane Peak
PPM
5.00
50.0
Non-Meth Span:
Display
05.0
50.2
I •7£'}_48
Note: MEQ factors were not used since the Non-Methane
peak can be independently scaled and ranged at the
operators discretion.
SEE CURVE SHEETS FOR HIGH RANGE LINEARITY
After shipment, run clean carrier gas through columns
for 24 hours for best results
ELECTROMETER
10
0.1
1
1 0k/1 00k
normal
Carrier Gas Used:
AFN
MegOhm
uF
T.C.
at R6
Zero circuit
HCF Air
OVEN TEMPERATUR
Controller Type:
Temperature Set:
Temperature Read:
Main Oven:
DATE
12/31/98
ES
WATLOW
200
200
198.8C
-------
UNIT:
SERIAL #
DATE 12/31/98
1030H M/N
1321
BY A.N.
Separation Test
1 50 ppm
2 50 ppm
3 500ppm
4 500ppm
Methane
Propane
Methane
Propane
BALANCE HCF Air
low range
FLOW SETTINGS
PSI STREAM RATE
24 AIR 200 cc/min
22 H2 *16.30-cc/min
26 Carier Inj. 18 cc/min
26 Carrier Bk. 18 cc/min^
TRIM POT SETTINGS
Methane 4.08
Non-Methane 1.48
ELECTROMETER
10 MEGOHM
0.1 MICROFARAD
1 SECT.C.
10K/100KatR6
normal zero circuit
OVEN TEMPERATURES
TYPE-. WATLOW
200 SET
200 READ
198.8°C MAIN OVEN
-11 CAL
DETECTOR
TYPE : FID
COLLECTOR VOLTS:
-15.18
RANGE
Methane
500 ppm
50 POSITION
(x10)
Non-Methane
500 ppm
50 POSITION
CHART REC. SETTINGS
SPEED: 5 mm/min
FULL SCALE: 100mV
-------
csu
UNIT:
SERIAL #
1030H M/N
1321
BY A.N.
Separation Test
1 500 ppm Methane
2 500 ppm Propane
3 5000ppm Methane
4 SOOOppm Propane
BALANCE HCF Air
j}i0h__rariig£
ps' STREAM RATE
24 AIR 2oo cc/rnin
22 H2 Hc-30 cc/min
26 Carier Inj. 18 cc/min
^|^!er_BJ<._18^cMiin
Methane 4 QQ
I __^hane__ 1.43
ELECTROMETER
10 MEGOHM
0.1 MICROFARAD
1 SECT.C.
10K/100KatR6
normal zero circuit
TYPE: WATLOW
200 SET
200 READ
198.8°C
DETECTOR
TYPE
MAIN OVEN
JLLCAL
FID
COLLECTOR VOLTS: -15.18
RANGE
Methane
5000 ppm
50 POSITION
SPEED:
U100)
Non-Methane
5000 ppm
50 POSITION
5 mm/min
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX J
PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE CALIBRATIONS
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
Pressure Calibrations
Test Program: C
Date:
Air Manifold- 3051 C
Exh Manifold- 3051 C
Fuel Manifold - Omega
Fuel Line - Omega
Lube Oil - Omega
Orifice Diff. -305 1C
Orifice Static -305 1C
Intake Static -305 1C
Intake Diff. -3051C
Exh Static- 3051 C
Exh Diff -305 1C
HPFuelRun-3051C
Norwalk Oil Press - Omega
HP Volume Tank- 3051 C
SC Oil Press - Omega
Starting Air Press - 3051 C
Catalyst Diff. - 2024
0 - 40 "hg
0-18"hg
0 - 50 psig
0 - 80 psig
0 - 40 psig
0-100H20
0 - 70 psig
0 - 40 "hg
0-13.9"H20
0-11.1"H20
0-12.9"H20
0-1200 psig
0 -50 psig
0- 1200 psig
0 - 30 psig
0 - 300 psig
0 - 80 "H20
NA
NA
C t'
O-o
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
-2.2-S-3
NA
NA
NA
NA
|. 00
l.OCD
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
D.'l'tO
NA
NA
St:.c^'/7C|,c,£
40.^/3% r?
SO.OO/^.'f0!
'
-------
Pressure Calibrations
Test Program: £- lM i'
Date: vo^-il
V*
s
Air Manifold -305 1C
Exh Manifold- 3051 C
Fuel Manifold - Omega
Fuel Line - Omega
Lube Oil - Omega
Orifice Diff. -305 1C
Orifice Static -305 1C
Intake Static- 3051 C
Intake Diff. -3051C
Exh Static- 3051 C
Exh Diff -305 1C
HPFuelRun-3051C
Norwalk Oil Press - Omega
HP Volume Tank- 3051 C
SC Oil Press - Omega
Starting Air Press - 305 1C
Catalyst Diff. - 2024
0 - 40 "hg
0-18"hg
0 - 50 psig
0 - 80 psig
0 - 40 psig
0-100H20
0 - 70 psig
0 - 40 "hg
0-13.9"H20
0-11.1"H20
0 - 12.9 "H20
0-1 200 psig
0 -50 psig
0- 1200 psig
0 - 30 psig
0 - 300 psig
0 - 80 "H20
NA
NA
I. fo<5
NA
NA
L NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1, 00^> ,
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7, 562/7.595
2. k39 /Z. 4, -z-z.
CjO.Z- /6O.I7
55.00/55. o/
feS". 6 / 0».fc.<35/ ^-92
12, ^O) l2.'-5fS*
f!
-------
LARGE BORE ENGINE TESTBED CALIBRATIONS
DATE:
TEST: -
TEMPERATURES:
Location
Cylinder #1 Exhaust
Cylinder #2 Exhaust
Cylinder #3 Exhaust
Cylinder #4 Exhaust
Cylinder #1 Piezo
Cylinder #2 Piezo
Cylinder #3 Piezo
Cylinder #4 Piezo
Air Manifold
Fuel Manifold
Exhaust Stack
Engine Jacket Water In
Engine Jacket Water Out
Lube Oil In
Lube Oil Out
Dynamometer Water In
Dynamometer Water Out
Inboard Dynamometer Bearing
Outboard Dynamometer Bearing
T-. , , , • r- i j
-.F-ueUvlaiiiiQla —
Range
0-850°F
0-850°F
0-S50°F
0-850°F
0-300°F
0-300°F
0-300°F
0-300°F
0-200°F
0-200°F
0-850°F
0-200°F
0-200°F
0-200°F
0-200°F
0-200°F
0-200°F
0-300°F
0-300°F
A OHO. 17
U— ZUU-Jp
Offset
-,T.9^
'S.Liur*
3 , / Oft
~L( .3^
-I.^^U
-3.oor
-. •> o t--^
-iXoft
-^. I5-&
-3. uoo
2,SQn
-4. OfoO
-3, ^o
-if( ^^^
-2.5SO
- - ,
-------
LARGE BORE ENGINE TESTBED CALIBRATIONS
DATE:
TEST:
TEMPERATURES:
Location
/Inner Cooler Water Temp In
Ambient Air Temperature
.Thrust Bearing 1
- Thrust Bearing 2
Jiigh Pressure Meter Run
Range
0-200°F
0-150°F
0-300°F
0-300°F
0-300°F
0-300°F
0-300°F
0-300°F
0-300°F
0-300°F
0-200°F
0-200°F
Offset
O.Ooo
Gain
\.0zo
Setpoint
?5"
Reading
9M.^
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX K
EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION SHEETS
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
El Paso Energy
Tennessee Gas Pipeline Measurement Services
Metrology Center Laboratory Report
Important Document
These documents certify that the instrument indicated has been inspected in accordance with
accepted measurement practices and quality control procedures established for this laboratory
and demonstrates reliable performance made by direct comparison to standards maintained by
the Metrology Center. The Metrology Center standards are serviced and re-certified on a
periodic basis with an unbroken chain of measurements traceable to the U.S. National metrology
standards retained by the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST).
Duplicate copies of these documents are maintained on file for five years. The statistical information
from our prior certifications provides the basis for assignment of certification period validity and
preventative maintenance procedures.
The Metrology Center is a controlled environment facility located 30 06 15 North and 95 50 14
West at an elevation of 253ft above sea level. For additional information, duplicates of this
document, or a complete file copy, please write to P.O. box 280, Hockley TX 77447 or call
(713) 757-6685, and talk to Tim Hannan the Lead Metrology Specialist.
Report # 99031903
-------
El Paso Energy
Tennessee Gas Pipeline Measurement Services
Metrology Center Laboratory Report # 99031903
Receiving Report
Date Received in Lab: 3/17/99
Serial Numbers 11514
Model Numbers Beta 0-5, 0-100
Inspections:
1. Received with or without freight damage decribed as follows: None
2. Received missing parts listed as follows: None
3. Received with physical damage described as follows: None
4. Received without case? No
5. Received with damaged case? No
6. Received with calibration tag removed? No
7. Received partially or completely assembled? No
8. Received with apparent fluid or particle contamination? No
9. Received with quick connects or valves? No
(quick connects and valves will be removed for testing.)
Maintenance & Repair Report
The information below is in reference to any preventative or repair measures provided
during the certification procedures.
1. Inspected connectors & cables for electrical integrity as applicable. OK
2. Tested battery and charger as applicable
Parts used: qty Description/Reason for usage
1
Recommendations: None
Comments:
-------
El Paso Energy
Tennessee Gas Pipeline Measurement Services
Metrology Center Laboratory Report # 99031903
Standards of Comparison
The primary and secondary standards below are the comparison basis for the
equipment under test. These instruments are periodically tested by approved
authorities and may be traced to the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Equipment
Range
Accuracy
Certification Date
Re-certification Due
[. DH Hydraulic piston
fe cyl. No. 3342
200 psi/kg
0.01 % of reading
04/30/98
04/30/00
L DH 1502 Divider No.
4087
0-20 psid
0.01 % of reading
04/22/98
04/22/00
..DH IQKGMassSetNo.
2590
0-10 kg
0.002% of reading
07/17/97
07/17/99
•. DH Pneumatic piston
fc cyl. No. 3674A
250 psig/kg
0.01 % of reading
07/24/97
07/23/99
. Ametek PK Ball &
Nozzle No. 82579
654 In. H2O
0.015 % of reading
07/31/98
07/31/99
. Ametek PK Mass Set
lo. 82579
4&10"wtc+654"WC
Included
07/31/98
07/31/99
. Paroscientific Mdl 760-15G
[o. 67204
0-15psig
.01%FS
08/10/98
08/10/99
, Hart Scientific Mdl 9105
0.82563
, Ametek / M & G RK-200 SS
o. 72793
-13 to+284 degrees F
.1 degreesF
0-200 psig
0.025% of reading
02/13/98
02/13/99
08/14/98
08/14/99
-------
Report # 99031903
DATE: 3/19/99
DIVISION / OWNER:
INSTRUMENT TYPE:
INSTRUMENT MFG.:
GRAVITY:
SERIAL #:
TEST STANDARD:
Certificate of Accuracy
Gary Hutcherson
Beta 320,0-5
Hathaway
N/A
11514
AMETEK - PK TESTER (.015% OF READING)
COMMENTS: Tested with Paroscientific Standard. The following results are based on 73 degree data.. Prior to testing
the unit was powered up for 30 minutes. Cycled unit from zero to span several times before testing.
* Unit left within manufacturers specifications.
AMETEK PK STANDARD
(IN. H2O)
CORRECTED FOR SITE
GRAVITY + A.G.A. TEMP.
0.00
30.00
60.00
90.00
120.00
140.00
120.00
90.00
60.00
30.00
0.00
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0.00
30.00
60.00
90.00
120.00
140.00
120.00
90.00
60.00
30.00
0.00
Calibration Date
Calibration Due Date
230UPDN.WK3
3/19/99
9/16/99
AS
RECEIVED
INST. % READ % F.S.
READING ERROR ERROR
0.000
30.140
60.210
90.190
120.030
139.820
120.050
90.240
60.260
30.190
0.000
0.000
0.467
0.350
0.211
0.025
0.129
0.042
0.267
0.433
0.633
0.000
0.000
0.009
0.014
0.013
0.002
0.012
0.003
0.016
0.017
0.013
0.000
AFTER
CALIBRATION
INST. % READ % F.S.
READING ERROR ERROR
0.000
29.990
59.990
89.990
120.020
140.000
120.020
90.010
60.010
30.000
0.000
0.000
0.033
0.017
0.011
0.017
0.000
0.017
0.011
0.017
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
BY: Rene Elizalde
signature:
6-S7
PCM 1997
-------
Report# 98072101
DATE: 3/19/99
DIVISION / OWNER:
INSTRUMENT TYPE:
INSTRUMENT MFG.:
GRAVITY:
SERIAL #:
TEST STANDARD:
Certificate of Accuracy
Gary Hutcherson
Beta 320 ,0-100
Hathaway
N/A
11514
AmetekHL-200-SS D.W. (.05% OF READING)
COMMENTS: Tested with Paroscientific Standard. The following results are based on 73 degree data.. Prior to testing
the unit was powered up for 30 minutes. Cycled unit from zero to span several times before testing.
' Unit left within manufacturers specifications.
Ametek STANDARD (PSIG)
CORRECTED FOR SITE
GRAVITY
* 979.308(lab)/980.665(standard)
0.00
25.00
50.00
75.00
100.00
75.00
50.00
25.00
0.00
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=z
0.00
24.965
49.931
74.896
99.862
74.896
49.931
24.965
0.00
AS
RECEIVED
INST. % READ % F.S.
READING ERROR ERROR
0.000
24.96
49.94
74.94
99.90
74.95
49.94
24.97
0.000
0.000
0.022
0.018
0.058
0.038
0.072
0.018
0.018
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.001
•o.ooo
0.000
AFTER
CALIBRATION
INST. % READ % F.S.
READING ERROR ERROR
0.000
24.95
49.93
74.89
99.85
74.88
49.93
24.95
0.000
0.000
0.062
0.002
0.008
0.012
0.022
0.002
0.062
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
Calibration Date : 3/19/99
Calibration Due Date : 9/16/99
'.30UPDN.WK3
•97
BY: Tim Hannan
signature:
PCM 1997
-------
MANSFIELD & GREEN DIVISION
8600 SOMERSET DRIVE, LARGO, FLORIDA 34643 TELEPHONE: (813) 536-7831
CERTIFICATION OF ACCURACY FROM M & G STANDARDS LABORATORY
M & G Model PK2-254WC-SS
Purchase Order No. PW840
Serial No. 84809
Certification Date: 12/13/95
Recommended Recertification Date: 12/13/96
ACCURACY: THE INSTRUMENT IS CERTIFIED TO BE ACCURATE WITHIN A
MAXIMUM ERROR OF .025% OF INDICATED READING.
CERTIFICATION PROCEDURE
This Certification was made by direct comparison with Ametek/Mansfield & Green Division Laboratory master
standards, which are periodically referred to one or more of the primary standards traceable to NIST or other
national physical measures recognized as equivalent by NIST. This calibration procedure meets the requirements
of MIL-STD-45662A, ANSI/ASME N45.2, and 10CFR50 Appendix B. The above standards are traceable to the
National Institute of Standards and Technology on Report Numbers:
PISTON & CYLINDER/BALL & NOZZLE AREA REFERENCED TO 23 DEC. C
MODEL" ' ' S"Q.:- INT-"NTST"AREA REPORT NUMBERS (CAL DATE)
RK
RK. . .
PK
HK. . .- . . .'
IO,T,R,WG,HL:
'
.02
.05
.10
P-8436 (12/21/92)
P-8476(5/17/94)
P-8436(12/21/92)
""'••P-8365 (10/22/90)
-JP-8469(01/10/94)
-.P-8469(01/10/94)
- P-8390X10/04/91),P-8469(01/10/94)
- P-8390(10/04/91)
MASS @ 35% RELATIVE HUMIDITY. ^
NIST MASS REPORT NUMBERS:
822/MET56, (09/17/92); 822/MET55, (4/23/93)
822/MET57, (10/01/93); 822/253849, (07/21/94)
731/243669, (03/03/93)
PRESSURE READINGS ARE REFERENCED TO A GRAVITY OF 980.6650 GALS.
CERTIFIED CORRECT
THE SERVICE WAS PROCESSED IN ACCORDANCE
WITH QA MANUAL REV. 25 DATED 12/1/34.
DUTCH
ACCRf BTATION COUNCIL FOR
•OARO CERTIFICATION
FORM 71 - 7 REV. 10 OCT 1994
by-
AMETEK
MANSFIELD & GREEN DIVISION
QUALltY ASSURANCE MANAGER
-------
ROMAN
CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION
CUSTOMER NAME:
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
CENTRAL RECEIVING
FORT COLLINS, CO 80523-6011
MODEL NO.: X88
DESCRIPTION: CALIBRATOR
SERIAL NO.: 00447
DATE CALIB.: 02/10/99
REPORT NO.: 92-3998TR
PURCHASE ORDER NO.: DPO767588
PROCEDURE: QCTX88FINAL
TEMPERATURE: 78 DEGREES F.
ITEM CONDITION
AS RECEIVED: IN TOLERANCE
AS LEFT: IN TOLERANCE
CALIB. DUE : 02/10/2000
Ronan Engineering Company does hereby certify the above listed instrument meets or exceeds all
published specifications and has been calibrated using standards whose accuracies are traceable to the
National Institute of Standards and Technology. Our "Calibration System Requirements" satisfy MTL-
STD-45662A.
I/DNO.
STANDARDS EMPLOYED
MANUFACTURER MOD. NO. DUE DATE NIST
CC24311
CC88401
CC86TE35
NB-101A
NB-102A
NB-103
DATA PRECISION
FLUKE
RONAN
JULIE RESEARCH
JULIE RESEARCH
JULIE RESEARCH
8200
8840A
X86
10 OHM
100 OHM
IK OHM
^
10/23/99
11/03/99
09/28/99
06/11/99
06/11/99
06/1 1/99
^?/.
6599
15803
254980
PRO-106LT
PRO-106LT
PRO-106LT
''/&?
QUALITY ASS
CE
DATE
RONAN ENGINEERING COMPANY
P.O. Box 1275 • Woodland Hills, California 91365
21200 Oxnard Street • Woodland Hills, California 91367 • (818) 883-5211
FAX (818) 992-6435
-------
MODEL X88 CALIBRATOR
SERIAL NUMBER
TEST DATA SHEET BY
DA
^M A^- ^ a— 5^ %
INPUT
150mV
1.5V
15V INPUT
10V OUTPUT
150V
100mA
1 50 ohms
1 .5 kohms
CALIBRATOR
INPUT
00.00 mV
1 00.00 mV
1 49.90 mV
.0000V
1 .0000 V
1 .4990 V
0.000 V
10.000V
14.990V
10.00V
100.00V
149.90V
20mA
100mA
I D Vl~^
00.00 ohms
1 0.00 ohms
100.00 ohms
1 00.0 ohms
1 000.0 ohms
DISPLAY
CO - O O
too «oo
H-l.^l
' oco o
U oooo
V. o o
\ oo.oo
\^-1.9\
s-o, OO
\co.oo
CAUBRATOR
LIMIT
±.01
±.02
±.03
+ .0001
± .0002
± .0003
±.001
±.002
±.003
±.01
±.02
±.03
+ .01
±.02
o.*V. o o
1 o. 00
OCKOO
| 0. 0 0
( 00-0 O
±.01
±.01
±.02
I O O . O
looO.o
±.1
±.2
^—0
TE ^- - I t) — °? 9
/
OUTPUT
DISPLAY
00.00 mV
1 00.00 mV
MEASURED
0 O . O O 2-
loo. oof
^C~C°"^°-00^
CALIBRATION
UMIT
** +.01
±.02
0.000 V
9.999 V
10.000V
O ,
\ 0. o oo o
* ± .001
±.001
±.001
1.00mA
20.00 mA
60.00 mA
| » o o*^
'^o.C02L
Go, o o |
** ±.01
±.01
±.02
X
\-/ C) 1^*
ECOARSEADJ. w l^-
X3RNEADJ. O VC
i^ — "*7 "^~~
\~s> *~ v ^y ( V — y — f • VJ <^_
0 j
&AUTO SEQUENCE O V^
O2-WIRE TRANSMITTER SUPPLY O \<^
Record data to .XXXX (4 places).
' Record data to .XXX (3 places).
-------
YAISALA INC
121002
VAISflLA
Calibration Laboratory
REPORT OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY CALIBRATION
Report #: 99-1-0122-L11
S.O. #: N/A
Calibration Date: 1/22/99
Instrument Model: HMP233
Serial Number: JT4310021
Calibration Procedure: 3-19-20c.doc
Instrument Range: 0 to 100% RH
Accuracy: Relative Humidity; il% RH (0 to 90% RH), ±2% RH (90 to 100% RH)
Temperature; = 0.2° C @ 20" C Due Date: 1 vear from above date __
Customer: COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
City, State: FT. COLLINS. CO
Calibration Information
This unit was calibrated by comparing its readings at 0.0 and 75.5% RH to a reference humidity instrument: Vaisala
model HMP 233, S/N: R1630017 . Additional instrument verification checkpoints were made at 11.3% and 97.6%
RH. respectively. Calibration and instrument verification sequences utilize dry nitrogen and a set of Controlled
Aqueous Salt Solutions. Vaisala S/N: P1940000 . Interval: 6 months. Laboratory ambient conditions are maintained
at a temperature of 22= 1°C with a relative humidity level of 50% ±5% RH. Sensor Stabilization time is > 30
nxnutcs prior to adjustment. Calibration uncertainty is iO.6% RH @ 22°C. The temperature is checked at ambient
temperature against NIST standard iracsablc through a F250 (SN*U297-030-597), PRT ASL T25/02 (SN# S257).
Calibration Data
Temperature
Standard
Unit Under Test
Hamidity
Sdution Nominal Value
.Dry Nitrogen 0.1%RH
NaCl 75.5% RH
LiCl 11.3%RH
K2S04 97.6% RH
Unit as Calibrated
22.8
22.9
(UUT) (REF)
0.1% 0.1%
74.9% 74.9%
10.8%
Acceptance Limits
; (Low) (High)
-0 9% 1.1%
73.9%
103%
95.6%
75.9%
99.6%
Tolerance
±0.2° C
il.O%RH
= I.O%RH
±1.0%RH
±2.0%RH
Service De^partment Supervisor
Service Technician
Tliis calibration report is tracsable to the Nattoiul Institute of Standards and Technology through NIST Test Report
Number TN 261093 dated 10 December. 1998. Due date: 12/10/1999. Vaisala's calibration system complies with the
requirements ANS1/NCSL Z540-1-1994. This certificate can not be reproduced except in full, without the expressed
written consent of Vaisala.
Moiling address:
Vaisala Inc.
100 Commerce Way
Wcbum, MA 01801-1068
TeL(78D933-45CO
Fax (7811 933-8029
http://
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX L
DYNAMOMETER CALIBRATION
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
Colorado Stata (/diversity
Eat*inea «& Eaqina Conversion Laboratory
r;tt Bore Eaqinu Tcsc Qcd
Dace:
L'moaain*
4026
UQIl?
Unloading
5026
LijadLng
Unloading
1 CD
/ GO'- -
6021
Loading
Unloading
7013
Loading
Unloading
70/5-
lot*
8002
Loading
Unloading
/(JO -II
8997
Loading
o/
Unloading
. r
IOO,
% Actual Torqua
Av«ra(« Calculated Torque
Actual Tun|uc
-------
Colorado Sbta University
Eai;inc3 & Engine Conversion Laboratory
Lirqe Core Enqiae Tear Octl
Teat ^
Dace:
Unioaain*
4026
Laadin*
Unioadin*
L/L 2
5026
Unloading
6021
Loading
Unloading
7013
Loading
Unloading
/CO- 4
8002
Loading
Unloading
3C57
8997
Loading
Unloading
% Actual Tarqua -
Av«ra(t Calculated Torqu*
Actual Titr'iur
-------
Colorado Stata (Jaiv«nity
Eaijinca & £at»ina Conversion Laboratory
L»r;e Core Enninti Tac Q«U
Teat S
Dace:
•?fl;rTP*^t7r \—-
7-Tucaue'^-.-
Unloading
O
402 £
Unloading
101.6"
S~0
Unloading
5"o 7 v
.°>r
Unloading
^071
7013
Loading
Unloading
Loading
Unloading
Loading
Unloading
% Actual Torqua
Avtraft Calculated Torqu*
Actual Tonjur;
-------
"i I" .
•
rr'OPI
t
C'QOl
Surpoofufj
4 'GO!
70/1
ClOi
ro0i
03
Svjpaojufl
7/7
^.'tfOl
Sujpnoriff]
9tO~
9IC
iurimr-]
^••.•ilscrcray]^
-------
Test S
Dace:
Colorado Stato
& Eaqine Convcnioo Laboratory
Bore Eauine Test Qctl
HP A
jjutcniaEi i
a:.-.
^, • ——-••• .. •• r ~iJ1
7-Tucauehr .-T?^::
^SS^^SsS^ll^^SH??.1-^'
Ljuvirt'j
L'nioaaut
Loadin
4026
5026
Unloading
6021
Loading
Unloading
GOGa
Loading
7013
Unloading
1 01-2^
Loading
8002
Unloading
1,003
Loading
8997
Unloading
% Actual Torqua'
Av«raft Calculated Torqu*
Actual Tur'|ur
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX M
DYNAMOMETER CALIBRATION PROCEDURE
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
DYNAMOMETER CALIBRATION PROCEEDURE
Prepared by Roger Popp
Woodward Governor Company
275
-------
INTRODUCTION
This document describes the procedure for applying and removing
test weights to the dyno calibration arm and the associated
procedure for entering calibration data into the dyno control
program, resident in the Smart 3000.
Two sections follow. One addresses the actual calibration, the
other describes a periodic calibration "checking " procedure which
is used to simply re-confirm a previous calibration.
Significant frictional hysteresis exists in the dyno support
structure and load cell suspension which must be properly resolved
during the calibration procedure to minimize undesirable errors
during operation of the dyno. The calibration procedure must be
meticulously followed to assure minimization of these errors due to
frictional effects;
CALIBRATION
PRIOR TO STARTING THIS PROCEDURE, THE DYNO LOAD CELL AND ITS
ELECTRONIC CONTROL PANEL MUST HAVE BEEN WARKED UP AND CALIBRATED
PER THE ESTABLISHED PROCEDURE DESCRIBED IN THE ATTACHED DOCUMENT,
THAT INCLUDES BETTING THE ZERO AND SPAN OF THE DISPLAY AND THE ZERO
AND SPAN OF THE PANEL 4-20 mA OUTPUT TO THE SMART. The dyno load
cell is thereby calibrated so that 0 to 10,000 ft-lbs of applied
torque will result in a panel indicator reading of 0-10000 ft-lbs
and an output of 4 to 20 mA to the SMART.
IMPORTANT
DO NOT "TARE" the dyno load cell at any time except as directed
during the formal procedure for calibrating the load cell panel
meter indicator reading and output signal.
1) Enable the dyno calibration program from the SMART TREND menu.
2) Print out a copy of the existing calibration screen for record
purposes if one does not already exist,
3) Click on "Initialize Calibration" box to enable a new
calibration.
4} Using a pry bar, apply a torque (more than 200 ft-lbs) to the
dyno case in one direction, letting off slowly. Remove the bar
without bumping the dyno or support structure. Record the
stabilized panel meter reading.
-------
5) Again using the pry bar, apply a torque (more than 200 ft-lbs)
in the other direction. Carefully remove bar and record
stabilized reading,
6) Repeat 4 and 5 above two more times. Average each of the two
sets of readings and find the mid-point value between these
two average values. Record the mid-point value.
i t
7) Apply a torque'to the dyno case to achieve a stabilized panel
meter reading equal to the established mid-point value. Push
the "TARE" button on the panel meter to "zero" the indicated
reading at this torque value.
8) Apply a torque to the dyno case to achieve a meter indicated
value equal to the lower of the two values obtained by
averaging three previous readings. While this value is
carefully maintained on the meter, wait for its corresponding
value to stabilize on the SMART calibration screen, then click
on the M#l - increasing" box of the dyno calibration screen.
This will log the first load cell meter output (mA) value into
the SMART program. Remove the applied load from the dyno case.
9) Install the calibration arm on the dyno.
10) Apply calibration weights #1 and #2 and steady weight hanger
to stop it from swinging. Push up on the arm to induce a
reduction of 200 (min) ft-lbs of torque; l«t off slowly. Once
the readings have stabilized on the SMART calibration screen,
click on the data point t2 - increasing box to log this torque
value.
11) Repeat step #10, applying weights #3 thru #7, in numerical
order, clicking on the respective data point boxes on the
calibration screen for each weight condition.
12) Apply additional weight (pull down) on the calibration arm to
achieve an additional torque of 200 (min) ft-lbs. Let this
weight off slowly. Log the stabilized value by clicking on the
#7 - decreasing box on the screen.
13) Repeat step #12, removing each of weights #6 through #3,
clicking on the respective data point boxes on the calibration
. screen for each weight condition.
Note that the. calibration program will calculate the mid-point
values between the increasing and decreasing torque values logged
as the weights were applied and removed. The spread between these
increasing and decreasing torque values reflects the frictional
hysteresis of the dyno support system, load cell suspension, and
instrumentation.
-------
The SMART calibration program has programmable values entered for
automatically indicating if the logged torque values fall within or
outside pre-established hysteresis limits. These have been
initially entered as 1 percent. That is, if the logged torque
values (increasing and decreasing) for any particular applied
weight differ by more than 1%, an "OUT" indication will be
displayed. Otherwise an "OK" message is displayed for each mid-
point value.
The SMART calibration program interpolates between the mid-point
values, providing a continuous torque calibration curve.
13) Print a copy of the calibration screen. Make notations on this
print-out of any pertinent observations regarding the
calibration procedure or special circumstances.
14) Prepare for entering the mid-point values into the SMART by
establishing the top level SMART mode. This is where the SMART
service panel display reads "WOODWARD GOVERNOR , NETCON
OPERATING VERSION 1.04-1". This mode can be achieved by keying
in "EXIT, EXIT, SCRN up arrow".
15) Key-in following:
a) SCRN down arrow (IX)
b) ; SCRN > until display "Debug"
c) ENTER, Key in 1112, ENTER
d) SCRN > until "DYNO CAL"
e) SCRN up arrow until "TORQUE. CURVE_2D"
f) SCRN > (IX) "TORQUE.CURVE_2D X__l"
g) Adjust X_l value to mid-point value #1
h) SCRN > FOR "X_2"
i) Repeat for remaining 6 mid-point values.
j) EXIT (2X)
X) SCRN up arrow (returns to top level SMART mode)
16) Perform calibration CHECK procedure below. Be sure to write
check values on the calibration sheet to document successful
calibration. Date and initial all records.
-------
CALIBRATION CHECK PROCEDURE
INTRODUCTION
The following procedure is for use in confirming or re-validating
a prior dyno calibration. The same care and preparation required
for an initial calibration is required here.
IMPORTANT
DO NOT "TARE" the dyno load cell at any time except as directed
during the formal procedure for calibrating the load cell panel
meter indicator reading and output signal.
l) Print out a copy of the existing SMART calibration screen.
2) Install the calibration arm to the dyno. Apply calibration
weights #1 and #2 and steady weight hanger to stop it from
swinging. Push up on the arm to induce a reduction of 200
(itdn) ft-lbs of torque; let off slowly. Once the readings have
stabilized on the SMART calibration screen, record the
indicated torque reading shown there.
3) Pull GOTO on the calibration arm to induce a torque increase
of 200 (min) ft-lbs/ let up slovly. Once the readings have
stabilized on the SMART calibration screen, record the
indicated torque reading shown there.
4) Calculate the mid-point between the two torque readings.
Record this value in the appropriate box on the right side of
the SMART calibration screen print-out sheet,
5) Repeat steps /2 through #4, applying weights #3 thru #7, in
numerical order, recording all corresponding mid-point values
on the calibration sheet.
6} Divide each recorded mid-point value by its corresponding
"Real Torque" value from the left most column of the data
sheet. Record the calculated results as percentages to the
right of each of the recorded mid-point values. Plot the
percentage values on the calibration data log graph, and
decide if the calibration is satisfactorily accurate. Date and
initial all records.
The following criteria will be used in judging the calibration
accuracy:
1) If the data point error percentages, calculated as
described above, all fall within 100 +/- JU&9=f, the
calibration is to be considered acceptable. ' °/'c
-------
2) If any of these percentages exceed 100 +l_St=t£%-, but does
not exceed 100 +/_ 2.0%, the SMART must be re-calibrated
so as to satisfy the criteria (1) above. If after this
re-calibration the percentages again fall outside the 100
+/ I'/cO^S^i correct suspected problems and re-calibrate
both the load call and the SMART.
3) If after a", calibration check any of the percentages fall
outside the 100 +/_ 2.0% band, not only the SMART, but
also the load cell must be recelebrated to satisfy the
criteria of (1) above.
25 Feb 94
R. Popp
Woodward Governor Co.
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX N
GAS ANALYSIS
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
Methane
Ethane
Propane
l-butane
N-butane
l-pentane
N-pentane
Hexanes
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrogen
03
17
Compressibility
High Heating Value Dry
Low Heating Value Dry
High Heating Value Wet
Low Heating Value Wet
Specific Gravity
102),
-------
Calculation Results from CO St U Stream 1 Tue Mar 30 10:08:02 1999
MolPct BTUGross
n-HEXANE 0.0369
PROPANE 1.0497
i-BUTANE 0.1027
n-BUTANE 0.1201
NEOPENTANE 0.0000
i-PENTANE 0.0292
n-PENTANE 0.0204
NITROGEN 0.7384
METHANE 89.3239
CARBON DIOXIDE 1.6101
ETHANE 6.9686
1
26
3
3
0
1
0
0
904
0
123
TOTAL 100.0000 1065
Compressibility Factor
Heating Value Gross BTU Dry
Heating Value Gross BTU Sat
Heating Value Gross BTU Act
Heating Value Net BTU Act.
Relative Density Gas Corr .
Total Unnormalized Cone.
Gas Density lbm/1000 ft3
•
.95
.47
.35
.93
.00
.17
.82
.00
.23
.00
.60
.52
=
=
RelDens
0.0012
0.0160
0.0021
0.0024
0.0000
0.0007
0.0005
0.0071
0.4948
0.0245
0.0723
0.6216
1.0024
1068 .11
1049.52
1068 .11
964 .30
0.6229
100.134
47. 650
-------
Iculation Results from CO St U Stream 1 Wed Mar 31 10:47:06 1999
MolPct BTUGross
HEXANE 0.0335
OPANE 1.1695
BUTANE 0.1280
BUTANE 0.1505
DPENTANE 0.0000
PENTANE 0.0370
PENTANE 0.0236
TROGEN 0.6442
THANE 89.6529
RBON DIOXIDE 1.4643
SANE 6.6964
1
29
4
4
0
1
0
0
907
0
118
PAL 100.0000 1069
Tipressibility Factor
ating Value Gross BTU Dry
ating Value Gross BTU Sat
ating Value Gross BTU Act
ating Value Net BTU Act.
lative Density Gas Corr .
:al Unnormalized Cone.
3 Density lbm/1000 ft3
•
.77
.49
.17
.92
.00
.49
.95
.00
.56
.00
.77
. 13
=
=
RelDens
0.0011
0.0178
0.0026
0.0030
0.0000
0.0009
0.0006
0.0062
0.4966
0.0223
0. 0695
0.6206
1.0024
1071.73
1053 . 08
1071.73
967.60
0.6219
99.933
47.571
-------
:alculation Results from CO St U Stream 1 Thu Apr 01 12:32:52 1999
MolPct BTUGross
i-HEXANE 0.0228 1.21
3ROPANE 1.3951 35.18
.-BUTANE 0.1260 4.11
i-BUTANE 0.1538 5.03
lEOPENTANE 0.0000 0.00
.-PENTANE 0.0313 1.26
l-PENTANE 0.0203 0.81
NITROGEN 0.5617 0.00
METHANE 86.5755 876.40
:ARBON DIOXIDE 1.9007 o.oo
3THANE 9.2129 163.41
TOTAL 100.0000 1087.41
Compressibility Factor
Seating Value Gross BTU Dry
Seating Value Gross BTU Sat.
leating Value Gross BTU Act.
Seating Value Net BTU Act.
Relative Density Gas Corr. =
Total Unnormalized Cone.
3as Density lbm/1000 ft3
RelDens
0.0008
0.0212
0.0025
0.0031
0.0000
0.0008
0.0005
0.0054
0.4795
0.0289
0.0956
0.6384
1.0026
1090.22
1071.25
1090.22
984 .98
0.6398
101.914
48.943
3,fc?
-------
Iculation Results from CO St U Stream 1 Fri Apr 02 10:58:38 1999
MolPct BTUGross
1EXANE 0.0452
DPANE 0.6437
BUTANE 0.0986
BUTANE 0.1148
DPENTANE 0.0000
PENTANE 0.0383
PENTANE 0.0266
TROGEN 1.2024
THANE 92.6941
^BON DIOXIDE 1.5694
iANE 3.5669
2
16
3
3
0
1
1
0
938
0
63
TAL 100.0000 1029
npressibility Factor
ating Value Gross BTU Dry
ating Value Gross BTU Sat
ating Value Gross BTU Act
ating Value Net BTU Act.
Lative Density Gas Corr.
:al Unnormalized Cone.
3 Density lbm/1000 ft3
.
.
.39
.23
.21
.75
.00
.54
.07
.00
.34
.00
.27
. 81
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
RelDens
0.0015
0.0098
0.0020
0.0023
0.0000
0.0010
0.0007
0.0116
0.5134
0.0238
0.0370
0.6031
1.0022
1032 .10
1014.14
1032.10
930.84
0.6042
99.973
46.223
A/F*
-------
HEXANE 0.0642 3.40
-OPANE 5.6997 143.74
BUTANE 2.8552 93.06
BUTANE 2.8895 94.48
iOPENTANE 0.0000 0.00
PENTANE 0.9944 39.88
PENTANE 1.0239 41.14
-TROGEN 4.9212 0.00
]THANE 69.5123 703.67
JIBON DIOXIDE 1.0768 0.00
nHANE 10.9627 194.45
)TAL 100.0000 1313.82
impressibility Factor
Bating Value Gross BTU Dry
mating Value Gross BTU Sat.
mating Value Gross BTU Act.
mating Value Net BTU Act.
jlative Density Gas Corr.
)tal Unnormalized Cone. =
is Density lbm/1000 ft3
0.0021
0.0868
0.0573
0.0580
0.0000
0.0248
0.0255
0.0476
0.3850
0.0164
0.1138
0.8173
1.0041
1319.16
1296.21
1319.16
1199.68
0.8203
102.542
62.748
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX O
GAS ANALYSIS CALIBRATIONS
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
Calibration
Run 3 of 3
ate-Time: 03/30/99 09:04
:ream: 1 Stream 1
)alyzer: CO St U
ompany: Daniel Industries
Analysis Time: 440 Cycle Time: 455
Mode: FCAL Cycle Start Time: 08:57
Strm Seq:l
COMPONENT
NAME
-HEXANE
^OPANE
-BUTANE
-BUTANE
50PENTANE
-PENTANE
-PENTANE
[TROGEN
ETHANE
^RBON DIOXIDE
:HANE
:TIVE ALARMS
CAL
CONC.
0.20000
1.00000
0.20100
0.20000
0.00000
0.20000
0.20000
1.98000
90.01900
2.00000
4 .00000
RAW DATA
8.90044e+5
2.88958e+6
6.7546e+5
6.91092e+5
0.00000
7.1876e+5
6.69376e+5
3.34409e+6
1.24621e+8
3.58061e+6
6.7867e+6
NEW RF
4.45022e+6
2.88958e+6
3.36056+6
3.45546e+6
0.00000
3.5938e+6
3.34688e+6
1.688936+6
1.384386+6
1.7903e+6
1.696686+6
RF
DEV.
-0.
-1.
-1.
-1.
-0.
-1.
-3.
-0.
-0.
-2.
-4.
NEW RT
51
01
44
51
26
84
19
88
95
59
81
67
124
156
171
0
245
268
317
325
377
416
.8
.3
.9
.9
. 0
.4
.6
.8
.3
.2
. 8
RT
DEV.
0.
0.
0.
0.
-0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
00
20
26
23
17
29
26
11
11
08
07
-------
:alculation Results from CO St U Stream 1 Tue Mar 30 09:10:04 1999
i-HEXANE
.-BUTANE
i- BUTANE
JEOPENTANE
.-PENTANE
i-PENTANE
NITROGEN
1ETHANE
:ARBON DIOXIDE
ETHANE .
TOTAL
Tompressibility Factor
leating Value Gross BTU Dry
leating Value Gross BTU Sat.
Seating Value Gross BTU Act.
Seating Value Net BTU Act.
Relative Density Gas Corr .
Total Unnormalized Cone.
3as Density lbm/1000 ft3
MolPct
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
89
2
4
100
.1999
.0010
.2020
.2009
.0000
.2013
.2029
.9768
.8754
.0206
.1192
.0000
BTUGross
10
25
6
6
0
8
8
0
909
0
73
1048
.57
.24
.58
.57
.00
.07
.15
.00
.81
.00
.06
.07
RelDens
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0066
.0152
.0041
.0040
.0000
.0050
.0051
.0191
.4978
.0307
.0428
.6304
1.0024
1050.54
1032.26
1050.54
948.44
0.6317
99.894
48.321
J
-------
Calibration
Run 3 of 3
)ate-Time: 03/31/99 09:43
itream: 1 Stream 1
'lalyzer: CO St U
:ompany: Daniel Industries
Analysis Time: 440 Cycle Time: 455
Mode: FCAL Cycle Start Time: 09:36
Strm Seq:l
COMPONENT
NAME
L-HEXANE
'ROPANE
-BUTANE
.-BUTANE
'EOPENTANE
-PENTANE
- PENTANE
ITROGEN
ETHANE
ARBON DIOXIDE
THANE
CAL
CONC.
0.20000
1.00000
0 .20100
0.20000
0 .00000
0.20000
0.20000
1.98000
90.01900
2.00000
4.00000
R
9
2
6
6
5
3
1
3
6
RAW DATA
02712e+5
91049e+6
81304e+5
974e+005
0.00000
6.8648e+5
88928e+5
35962e+6
25301e+8
41969e+6
6.00441e+6
NEW RF
4.51356e+6
2.91049e+6
3.38957e+6
3.487e+006
0.00000
3.4324e+6
2.94464e+6
1.696786+6
1.391946+6
1.70984e+6
1.5011e+6
RF
DEV.
-0.09
0.16
0.26
0.09
-0.26
-0.38
-0.48
-0.16
0 .00
1.87
4.53
NEW RT
67.8
125.2
158.2
173 .4
0.0
248.0
271.4
318.5
326.1
378 .2
418 .0
RT
DEV.
0.00
0.72
0.83
0.87
-0.17
1.06
1.04
0.22
0.25
0.27
0.29
CTIVE ALARMS
one
C
-------
Jalculation Results from CO St U Stream 1 Wed Mar 31 10:01:21 1999
i-HEXANE
)PANE
.-BUTANE
i-BUTANE
JEOPENTANE
,-PENTANE
i-PENTANE
NITROGEN
METHANE
:ARBON DIOXIDE
3THANE
TOTAL
MolPct
0.2001
0.9998
0.2006
0.1996
0.0000
0.2017
0.2030
1.9811
90.0359
1.9890
3.9892
100.0000
BTUGross
10.59
25.21
6.54
6.53
0.00
8.09
8.16
0.00
911.43
0.00
70.76
1047.30
Tompressibility Factor
ieating Value Gross BTU Dry
Seating Value Gross BTU Sat.
-ieating Value Gross BTU Act.
ieating Value Net BTU Act.
Relative Density Gas Corr.
Total Unnormalized Cone.
3as Density lbm/1000 ft3
RelDens
0.0066
0.0152
0.0040
0.0040
0.0000
0.0050
0.0051
0.0192
0.4987
0.0302
0.0414
0.6295
1.0024
1049.76
1031.50
1049.76
947.71
0.6307
99.936
48.247
-------
Calibration
Run 3 of 3
ate-Time: 04/01/99 10:11
tream: 1 Stream 1
''.alyzer: CO St U
ompany: Daniel Industries
Analysis Time: 500 Cycle Time: 515
Mode: FCAL Cycle Start Time: 10:03
Strm Seq:l
COMPONENT
NAME
-HEXANE
ROPANE
-BUTANE
-BUTANE
ZOPENTANE
- PENTANE
- PENTANE
ITROGEN
3THANE
\RBON DIOXIDE
THANE
CAL
RAW DATA
NEW RF
CONC.
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
90
2
4
.20000
.00000
.20100
.20000
.00000
.20000
.20000
.98000
.01900
.00000
.00000
1
3
7
7
7
6
3
1
1
.01376e+6
.07751e+6
.19112e+5
.36268e+5
0.00000
.18312e+5
.10704e+5
.54483e+6
.32068e+8
1. 9636e+6
.48435e+6
5
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
9
3
.06882e+6
.07751e+6
.57767e+6
.68134e+6
0.00000
.59156e+6
.05352e+6
.79032e+6
.46711e+6
.818e+005
.71088e+5
RF
DEV
12
5
5
5
-0
4
2
5
5
-42
-75
NEW RT RT
.
.43
.79
.55
.62
.26
.22
.51
.45
.36
.79
.49
67
128
162
178
0
255
279
336
344
397
439
.8
.7
.9
.5
.0
.4
.6
.9
.6
.2
.0
DEV.
0.
2 .
-0.
0 .
-0 .
-0.
-0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
00
80
06
28
17
23
14
87
76
81
15
:TIVE ALARMS
Dne
-------
:alculation Results from CO St U Stream 1 Thu Apr 01 11:56:39 1999
MolPct BTUGross
i-HEXANE 0.1998
j"*)PANE 0.9998
i-BUTANE 0.2008
a-BUTANE 0.1996
SIEOPENTANE 0.0000
i-PENTANE 0.1997
n-PENTANE 0.1991
NITROGEN 1.9711
METHANE 89.9739
CARBON DIOXIDE 2.0097
ETHANE 4.0466
10
25
6
6
0
8
8
0
910
0
71
TOTAL 100.0000 1047
Compressibility Factor
Heating Value Gross BTU Dry
Heating Value Gross BTU Sat
Heating Value Gross BTU Act
Heating Value Net BTU Act.
Relative Density Gas Corr .
Total Unnormalized Cone.
3as Density lbm/1000 ft3
.
.
.56
.21
.54
.53
.00
.01
.00
.00
.81
.00
.77
.44
—
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
RelDens
0.0066
0.0152
0.0040
0.0040
0.0000
0.0050
0.0050
0.0191
0.4984
0.0305
0.0420
0.6298
1.0024
1049 .91
1031.64
1049.91
947 .85
0.6310
100.097
48.271
-------
ite-Time: 04/02/99 10:22
iream: 1 Stream 1
Lalyzer: CO St U
)mpany: Daniel Industries
Calibration
Run 3 of 3
Analysis Time: 500 Cycle Time: 515
Mode: FCAL Cycle Start Time: 10:13
Strm Seq:l
COMPONENT
NAME
•HEXANE
10 PANE
•BUTANE
BUTANE
10PENTANE
PENTANE
PENTANE
TROGEN
;THANE
JIBON DIOXIDE
'HANE
CAL
RAW DATA
NEW RF
CONG.
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
90
2
4
.20000
.00000
.20100
.20000
.00000
.20000
.20000
.98000
.01900
.00000
.00000
1
3
7
7
7
6
3
1
1
1
.02768e+6
.10594e+6
.25668e+5
.40228e+5
0.00000
.19592e+5
.04808e+5
.57092e+6
.32971e+8
.86444e+6
.30797e+6
5
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
3
.13838e+6
.10594e+6
.61029e+6
. 70114e+6
0.00000
.59796e+6
.02404e+6
.80349e+6
.47714e+6
9.3222e+5
.26992e+5
RF
DEV
1
0
0
0
-0
0
-1
-0
0
-3
-8
NEW RT RT
,
.39
.83
.61
.45
.26
.21
.12
.20
.77
.57
.45
67
129
163
179
0
256
280
337
344
397
439
.8
.0
.4
. 0
.0
.2
.4
.1
.8
.2
.2
DEV.
0.00
0.16
0.25
0.20
-0.17
0.23
0.25
0.03
0 .03
0 .00
0 .05
:TIVE ALARMS
;cess Response Factor Deviation
-------
Talculation Results from CO St U Stream 1 Fri Apr 02 10:36:14 1999
MolPct BTUGross
i^HEXANE 0.2013
"^PANE 1.0026
.-BUTANE 0.2013
i-BUTANE 0.2000
JEOPENTANE 0.0000
L - PENTANE 0.1996
i-PENTANE 0.1969
NITROGEN 1.9639
4ETHANE 90.2045
ZARBON DIOXIDE 1.9667
ZTHANE 3.8632
10.
25.
6.
6.
0.
8.
7.
0.
913.
0.
68.
TOTAL 100.0000 1046.
Compressibility Factor
Seating Value Gross BTU Dry
Seating Value Gross BTU Sat
Seating Value Gross BTU Act
Seating Value Net BTU Act.
Relative Density Gas Corr.
Total Unnormalized Cone.
3as Density lbm/1000 ft3
.
.
64
28
56
54
00
00
91
00
14
00
52
61
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
RelDens
0.0067
0.0153
0.0040
0.0040
0.0000
0.0050
0.0049
0.0190
0.4996
0.0299
0. 0401
0.6285
1.0024
1049.07
1030.81
1049.07
947.04
0.6297
100.587
48.172
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX P
GAS ANALYSIS CALCULATIONS
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
GAS ANALYSIS CALCULATIONS
Gas Analysis Date || 29-Mar-99 || 30-Mar-99 || 31-Mar-99 || 1-Apr-99 || 2-Apr-99 ||
Constituent II Mol. Fraction || Mol. Fraction || Mol. Fraction || Mol. Fraction ]| Mol. Fraction
NITROGEN
CARBON DIOX.
METHANE
ETHANE
PROPANE
I-BUTANE
N-BUTANE
I-PENTANE
N-PENTANE
HEXANE +
1 .0400
1 .5371
92.0703
4.4622
0.6198
0.0819
00933
0.0319
0.0214
0.0421
0.7384
1.6101
89.3239
6.9686
1 .0497
0.1027
0.1201
0.0292
0.0204
0.0369
0.6442
1.4643
89.6529
66964
1 1695
0.1280
0.1505
0.0370
0.0236
0.0335
0.5617
1.9007
86.5755
9.2129
1.3951
0.1260
0.1538
00313
00203
0.0228
1 .2024
1 .5694
92.6941
35669
0.6437
0.0986
0.1148
0.0383
00266
0.0452
Heating Values ||
Lower Dry
Upper Dry
937.44
1039.2
964.30
I 1068.1
967.60
1071.7
984.98 _j
10902
930.84
1032.10
| Properties II
Specific Gravity
Density
|| 0 6065
|| 0.0464
0 6229
00476
0 6219
0 0476
0.6398 j
0.0489 |
0 6042 ||
0 0462 ||
Constituent || Mass Fraction || Mass Fraction || Mass Fraction || Mass Fraction ]} Mass Fraction ||
NITROGEN
CARBON DIOX.
METHANE
ETHANE
PROPANE
I-BUTANE
N-BUTANE
I-PENTANE
N-PENTANE
HEXANE +
0.2913
06765
147710
1.3418
0.2733
00476
00542
0.0230
0.0154
00404
0.2069
07086
143304
2.0955
04629
0.0597
00698
0.0211
0.0147
0.0354
0.1805
06444
14.3831
2.0136
05157
0.0744
00875
00267
00170
00321
0.1574
0.8365
138894
27703
0.6152
0.0732
00894
00226
0.0146
0.0219
0.3368
0.6907
148711
1.0726
0.2839
0.0573
0.0667
00276
0.0192
0.0434
Fuel MW Total
Fuel MW HC
|| 17.5346
|| 16.5668
180049 j
17.0894
17.9751 _]
17.1502 |
18.4906 |
17.4967 |
1 ^ .4693
16.4417
Constituent || Density || Density || Density || Density || Density ||
NITROGEN
CARBON DIOX.
METHANE
ETHANE
PROPANE
I-BUTANE
N-BUTANE
I-PENTANE
N-PENTANE
HEXANE +
00769
0.1787
3.9010
03544
0.0722
0.0126
0.0143
0.0061
00041
0.0135
00546
0.1872
37847
05534
01223
0.0158
0.0184
00056
00039
0.0118
0 0477
0.1702
3.7986
0.5318
01362
0.0197
0.0231
0.0071
00045
0.0107
0.0416
0.2209
3.6682
0.7317
0.1625
0.0193
0.0236
0.0060
0.0039
0.0073
0.0890
01824
3.9274
02833
00750
0.0151
0.0176
00073
0.0051
0.0145
(Calculated Density || 0.0463 || 0.0476 || 0 0475
0.0488 |
0.0462 || |l
Carbon In Fuel
Pet. Carbon In Fuel
Comb. Carbon In HC
Comb. Hydrogen In HC
105.6111
00602
1040740
402.9938
1093809
0.0608
107.7708
410 8446
109.6365
0.0610
108.1722
4121272
112.6013 I
0.0609
110.7006
416.4766 J
104.7777
0.0600
103.2083
400.8730
...
H/C Ratio-Total Fuel
H/C Ratio-HC Only
H/C Ratio-Non CH4
3.8158
38722
28918
37561
38122
29029
3 7590 || 3.6987
3.8099 3.7622
2 8897 II 2 9088
3 8259
3.8841
28625
H
LJ
-------
GAS ANALYSIS CALCULATIONS
Fuel Calculations
Total HC in Fuel(Hh)
HC1/Hh
HC2/HH
HC3/HH
HC4/Hh
HC5/Hh
HCS/Hh
97.4229
0.9451
0.0458
0.0064
0.0018
0.0005
0.0004
97.6515
0.9147
00714
0.0107
0.0023
0.0005
0.0004
97.8914
0.9158
0.0684
0.0119
0.0028
0.0006
0.0003
97.5377
0.8876
0.0945
0.0143
0.0029
0.0005
0.0002
97.2282
0.9534
0.0367
0.0066
0.0022
0.0007
0.0005
MW of HC in Fuel
17.0050
17.5004
17.5197
179384
169104
Non CH4 Fuel Calc.
Total HC - Non CH4
NmC2/Nmh
NmC3/Nmh
NmC4/Nmh
NmC5/Nmh
NmC6/Nmh
5.3526
0.8337
0.1158
0.0327
0.0100
0.0079
8.3276
0.8368
0.1261
0.0268
0.0060
0.0044
8.2385
0.8128
0.1420
0.0338
0.0074
0.0041
10.9622
0.8404
0.1273
0.0255
0.0047
0.0021
4.5341
0.7867
0.1420
0.0471
0.0143
0.0100
MW of Non CH4 HC
33.5501
33.1316
33.5874
32.9066
346413
Constituent || Mol. Fraction || Mol. Fraction || Mol. Fraction l| Mol. Fraction
NITROGEN
CARBON DIOX.
METHANE
ETHANE
PROPANE
I-BUTANE
N-BUTANE
I-PENTANE
N-PENTANE
HEXANE +
1 .0400
1 5371
92.0703
4.4622
0.6198
0.0819
0.0933
00319
0.0214
00421
0.7384
1.6101
89.3239
6.9686
1 .0497
0 1027
0.1201
00292
0.0204
0.0369
0.6442
1.4643
89 6529
6.6964
1.1695
0.1280
0.1505
0.0370
0.0236
0.0335
0.5617
1.9007
86.5755
9.2129
1.3951
0.1260
0.1538
00313
0.0203
0.0228
Mol. Fraction J|
1 .2024
1 .5694
92.6941
3.5669
0.6437
00986
0.1148
00383
0.0266
0.0452
F-Factor Calculation ||
Constituent || Mol. Fraction || Mol. Fraction || Mol. Fraction || Mol. Fraction U Mol. Fraction ||
NITROGEN
CARBON DIOX.
METHANE
ETHANE
PROPANE
I-BUTANE
N-BUTANE
I-PENTANE
N-PENTANE
HEXANE +
0.010400
0.015371
0.920703
0.044622
0.006198
0.000819
0.000933
0.000319
0.000214
0.000421
0.007384
0.016101
0.893239
0 069686
0.010497
0.001027
0.001201
0.000292
0 000204
0.000369
0.006442
0.014643
0.896529
0.066964
0.011695
0.001280
0.001505
0.000370
0.000236
0.000335
0.005617
0.019007
0 865755
0.092129
0.013951
0.001260
0.001538
0.000313
0.000203
0.000228
0.012024
0.015694
0.926941
0.035669
0.006437
0.000986
0.001148
0.000383
0.000266
0.000452
-------
GAS ANALYSIS CALCULATIONS
[Fuel MW Total
17.5346
18.0049
|Upper Dry Heating Value
|Fuel Density
|| 1039.24
_|| 0.04639
I
|
1068.11
0.04764
1071.73
0.04757
1090.22
0.04894 j
1032.10
0.04621
lEPA F-Factor (dscf/MMBtu)
8660.0
86649
Carbon Content
Constituent
NITROGEN
CARBON DIOX.
METHANE
ETHANE
PROPANE
I-BUTANE
N-BUTANE
I-PENTANE
N-PENTANE
HEXANE +
0.000000
0.015371
0.920703
0 08S244
0018594
0.003276
0.003732
0.001595
0.001070
0.002820
Carbon Wt %• II 0.723655
0.000000
0.016101
0.893239
0 139372
0.031491
0.004108
0 004804
0.001460
0001020
0.002471
0.729878
0.000000
0.014643
0 896529
0.133928
0.035085
0.005120
0.006020
0001850
0.001180
0.002244
0.000000
0.019007
0.865755
0184258
0.041853
0.005040
0.006152
0001565
0.001015
0.001527
0.000000
0.015694
0 926941
0.071338
0.019311
0 003944
0.004592
0.001915
0.001330
0.003027
0.732778 || 0.731563 || 0.720647
=
Hydrogen Content
Constituent
NITROGEN
CARBON DIOX
METHANE
ETHANE
PROPANE
I-BUTANE
N-BUTANE
I-PENTANE
N-PENTANE
HEXANE +
0.000000 |[ 0.000000
0.000000 || 0.000000
3.682812 || 3.572956
0.267732 || 0.418116
0 049584 || 0.083976
0.008190 || 0.010270
0.009330 || 0.012010
0.003828 || 0 003504
0.002568 || 0.002448
0.006481 || 0.005681
Hydrogen Wt. %: || 0.231700 || 0.230039
[ 0.000000 || 0.000000 |
[ 0.000000 || 0.000000 ]
| 3.586116 || 3.463020 ]
| 0.401784 _j 0.552774 J
| 0.093560 | 0.111608 |
| 0.012800 0.012600
| 0.015050 0.015380
| 0.004440 | 0.003756
| 0.002832 | 0.002436
| 0.005157 || 0.003510
| 0.231137 || 0.227056
0.000000 || |
0.000000 ||
3.707764 |
0.214014
0 051 496
0.009860
0 011480
0.004596 ||
0.003192 ||
0.006958
0.231346
Oxygen Content
Constituent
NITROGEN
CARBON DIOX.
METHANE
ETHANE
PROPANE
I-BUTANE
N-BUTANE
I-PENTANE
N-PENTANE
HEXANE +
Oxygen Wt. %:
0 000000 || 0.000000 || 0.000000
0.030742 || 0.032202 || 0.029286
0.000000 || 0.000000 || 0.000000
0 000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000 || 0.000000
0.000000 || 0.000000
0.000000 || 0.000000 |
0038014
0.000000
0.031388 |
0.000000
o.oobbdb || o.oooobo
0.000000 || 0.000000
0.000000 || 0.000000 || 0.000000 || 0.000000
0.000000 || 0.000000
0.000000 || 0.000000
0.000000 || 0.000000
0.000000 || 0.000000
0 000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.028050 || 0.028615 || 0.026067 |] 0.032892 || 0.028747
_
=
=
Nitrogen Content
Constituent
NITROGEN
CARBON DIOX.
METHANE
ETHANE
PROPANE
I-BUTANE
N-BUTANE
I-PENTANE
N-PENTANE
HEXANE +
0.020800 || 0.014768
0.000000 || 0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000 || 0.000000
0.000000 J[ 0.000000
0 000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000 || 0.000000
0.000000 || 0.000000
Nitrogen Wt %• || 0016615 || 0.011489
0.012884 ||_ 0.011234 ]
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000 || 0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
i 0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
[ 0.000000 || 0.000000
I o.oooooo J| o.oooooo
[ 0.010040 || 0.008510
0.024048
0.000000
H
o.oooooo li
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
I 0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.019281
—
=
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX Q
STOICHIOMETRIC AIR/FUEL CALCULATION
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
MWave= 17.5673
MWave = 28.58935
of Elements
Urban and Sharp, 1994
A/Fstoich! 16.1532
-------
Stoichiometric Air/Fuel Ratio Calculation
Combustion Stoichiometry
Analysis Date: 3/30/99
Fuel
Constit.
Mole
MW
MW*
C content
H content
O content
N content
Fraction
Mole. Frac.
:H4
89.3239
0.893239
16.0426
14.329876
0.893239
3.572956
;2H6
6.9686
0.069686
30.0694
2.09541621
0.139372
0.418116
C3H8
1.0497
0.01050
44.0962
0.46287781
0.031491
0.083976
:4H10
0.2228
0.00223
58.123
0.12949804
0.008912
0.02228
C6H14
0.0369
0.00037
86.1766
0.03179917
0.002214
0.005166
10H22
0.0496
0.00050
142.2838
0.07057276
0.00496
0.010912
0.7384
0.007384
28.0134
0.20685095
0.014768
O2
31.9988
CO2
1.6101
0.016101
44.0098
0.70860179
0.016101
0.032202
Sums
100
4.113406 0.032202
0.014768
Air
Constit.
Mole
MW
MW*
O2 normal
Fraction
Mole. Frac.
N2
77.1626572
0.77162657
28.0134
21.6158838
3.77372542
O2
20.4473428
0.20447343
31.9988
6.54290433
1
H20
2.39
0.0239
18.0152
0.43056328
0.1168856
Sums
1
MW of Elements
12.011
1.0079
N
14.0067
15.9994
Urban and Sharp, 1994
y =
3.752118
z =
0.029373
f =
0.01347
A =
1.923342
A/Fs =
A/Fstoich
-------
Stoichiometric Air/Fuel Ratio Calculation
Combustion Stoichiometry
Analysis Date: 3/31/99
Fuel
Constit.
Mole
MW
MW*
C content
H content
O content
N content
Fraction
Mole. Frac.
89.6529
0.896529
16.0426
14.3826561
0.896529
3.586116
6.6964
0.066964
30.0694
2.0135673
0.133928
0.401784
1.1695
0.01170
44.0962
0.51570506
0.035085
0.09356
C4H10
0.2785
0.00279
58.123
0.16187256
0.01114
0.02785
C6H14
0.0335
0.00034
86.1766
0.02886916
0.00201
0.00469
C10H22
0.0606
0.00061
142.2838
0.08622398
0.00606
0.013332
N2
0.6442
0.006442
28.0134
0.18046232
0.012884
O2
31.9988
CO2
1.4644
0.014644
44.0098
0.64447951
0.014644
0.029288
Air
Constit.
Mole
MW
MW*
O2 normal
Fraction
Mole. Frac.
N2
77.1626572
0.77162657
28.0134
21.6158838
3.77372542
O2
20.4473428
0.20447343
31.9988
6.54290433
1
H20
2.39
0.0239
18.0152
0.43056328
0.1168856
Sums
1
MW of Elements
C
12.011
1.0079
14.0067
O
15.9994
Urban and Sharp, 1994
y =
3.75418139
z =
0.02664008
f =
0.01171916
A =
1.92522531
A/Fs =
-------
Stoichiometric Air/Fuel Ratio Calculation
Combustion Stoichiometry
Analysis Date: 4/1/99
4.169926 0.038014
MW of Elements
Urban and Sharp, 1994
A/Fstoich = 16.06432
-------
Stoichiometric Air/Fuel Ratio Calculation
Combustion Stoichiometry
Analysis Date: 4/2/99
Fuel
Constit.
Mole
MW
MW*
C content
H content
O content
N content
Fraction
Mole. Frac.
CH4
92.6941
0.926941
16.0426
14.8705437
0.926941
3.707764
C2H6
3.5669
0.035669
30.0694
1.07254543
0.071338
0.214014
C3H8
0.6437
0.006437
44.0962
0.28384724
0.019311
0.051496
C4H10
0.2134
0.002134
58.123
0.12403448
0.008536
0.02134
C6H14
0.0452
0.000452
86.1766
0.03895182
0.002712
0.006328
C10H22
0.0649
0.000649
142.2838
0.09234219
0.00649
0.014278
0
N2
1.2024
0.012024
28.0134
0.33683312
0
0.024048
O2
0
0
31.9988
0
CO2
1.5694
0.015694
44.0098
0.6906898
0.015694
MW
O2 normal
Fraction
Mole. Frac.
N2
77.1626572
0.7716265
28.0134
21.6158838
3.77372542
O2
20.4473428
0.2044734
31.9988
6.54290433
1
H2O
2.39
0.023
18.0152
0.43056328
0.1168856
bums
MW of Elements
C
12.011
1.0079
14.0067
O
15.9994
Urban and Sharp, 1994
3.82030062
0.02986427
0.02288059
1.94014302
VFs =
16.1028907
A/Fstoich =
16.10289
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX R
COMPUTING AIR/FUEL RATIO FROM EXHAUST COMPOSITION
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
ICE-Vol. 24, Natural Gas and Alternative Fuels for Engines
ASME1994
COMPUTING AIR/FUEL RATIO FROM EXHAUST COMPOSITION
Charles M. Urban
Department of Emissions Research
Southwest Research Institute
San Antonio, Texas
Christopher A. Sharp
Department of Emissions Research
Southwest Research Institute
San Antonio, Texas
ABSTRACT
Alternative fuels, catalytic converters, and high scavenging ratios
necessitate refined approaches toward calculating air/fuel ratio from
measured exhaust composition. Computation methods were developed
for most of the situations encountered, including a method based on
oxidation potential for use in catalyst applications. The methods
developed, along with the technical basis and derivations, are
provided in this paper.
INTRODUCTION
This is the third in a series of technical papers involving emissions
related computations for alternative fuels. The two previous papers
by Urban et al (1992 and 1993) involved hydrogen and natural gas
engines. The subject of this paper is the computation of air/fuel ratio,
from exhaust composition, for combustion of any carbon-containing
fuel. Computations provided in this paper were developed as a result
of specific needs within the laboratory of the authors. It is hoped that
providing these computations will save others from having to go
through the mathematical derivation exercise, when the need arises in
their activities.
Over the past almost 100 years, there have been several periods of
jevelopment of air/fuel ratio calculations. The most recent extensive
Jevelopment was in the 1960's, which is considered exemplified by
the "landmark" technical paper by £pindt (1965). With the wide-
spread use of alternative fuels and personal computers, further
development of APR calculational methods has again become both
essential and practical. Any who are interested in the history of the
development of air/fuel ratio calculations are referred to a technical
paper of a few years ago by Uyehara(1991), which contains
numerous pertinent references.
DERIVATION APPROACH
After a brief review of previous efforts toward developing air/fuel
ratio (APR) calculations for alternate fuels, the decision was made to
begin with the basic combustion equation and to include as many of
the potential fuel and exhaust constituents as practical in developing
standard APR computations. Another approach involved
determination of an "oxidation potential" for use when the APR is
very near stoichiometric. It was also decided that no laboratory effort
would be conducted in this endeavor, and that the literature would be
relied on to provide a suitable water-gas equilibrium constant.
In this paper, multiplication will be designated by an asterisk (*)
and division will be designated by an oblique line (/). Rather than
have a list of definitions to which the reader must continually refer,
an attempt has been made to minimize the number of terms and
identifiers requiring definition, and to provide necessary definitions
at the point where needed.
-------
Water-Gas Equilibrium Constant
At the present time, water and hydrogen are not measured in the
exhaust. The hydrogen (H2) concentration is related to the
concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and
water (H2O) as follows:
C02 + H2 ±? CO + H,0
Extent of reaction is defined by the water-gas equilibrium constant (k)
defined as follows:
k = CO»H,O / CO2-H-,
An initial question is whether k is really a constant. The answer
appears to be that k is not an actual constant, and an absolute value
for k is not known and For practical purposes, however, the value of
k is adequately known and sufficiently constant to enable acceptable
computation of APR.
Reported values for k have ranged from a low of 3 to a high of 4,
but the predominant accepted value appears to be 3.5.^4) First, let us
look at the effect of variation in the value of k on computed APR.
The error in calculated AFR with variation in k is approximately as
follows:
% Error in AFR « 0.0025«[(% Variation in k)-(Exh %CO)-HCR]
Where: HCR = Fuel Hydrogen to Carbon Ratio
(Aloms of H per atom of C)
Even taking a worst case of ten percent variation in k, ten percent
CO in the exhaust, and a fuel HCR of 4, the error in computed AFR
would only be a relatively insignificant one percent. Therefore, the
predominantly-used value for k of 3.5 will be used in developing the
computations in this paper.
It should be pointed out that the value of k could change when a
catalyst is being used, because the activity of the catalyst on CO and
H2 can differ, and the resulting concentrations may not equilibrate.
Error in calculated AFR would generally be insignificant, however,
because with a catalyst in the exhaust stream, concentrations of CO
and H2 will generally be low.
Combustion Equation
Based on review of numerous equations over the years, the
usefulness of meaningful variable names has been well established.
In this paper, fuel components will be expressed as atoms and exhaust
constituents will be expressed as molecules. The generally used x, y,
and z for the fuel components of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and
oxygen (O) will be retained, and an "f" will be used for all other
components of the fuel. Variable names for exhaust constituents,
other than oxygen (O2), will be the first letter of the last word in their
names (e.g., d for CO2, n for oxides of nitrogen (NOX), w for water
(H20), etc.). A "t", rather than an "o", is used for exhaust O2, to
eliminate possible confusion between the letter "o" and zero, and an
"A" is used for air (rather than an "a").
Therefore, to follow the equations in this paper, it will only be
necessary to memorize the variables designated by "f " and "t" and to
remember the process used in naming the other variables. Also, in an
attempt to make the equations less confusing, from this point forward.
subscripts will not be used (e.g., CO2 = CO2, H,O = H2O. etc).
The combustion equation is as follows:
FUEL + AIR -» EXHAUST (1)
FUEL = xC + yH + zO + fN
AIR = AO2 + [3.7742-AJN2
EXHAUST = cHC + mCO + hH2 + dCO2 + nNOX
+ wH20 + tO2 + [3.7742*A -0.5n]N2 + fN
The fuel components are to include all of each component.
regardless of the source (e.g., the C and the O for gaseous fuels
include that from the CO2), and the N is to include all components
that are not C. H, or O. Initially, let x equal 1; then y becomes the
hydrogen- to-carbon ratio (HCR), and z becomes the oxygen-to-
carbon ratio of the fuel (on a per atom basis). Note that the N2 in the
"AIR" includes all of the constituents of air, other than oxygen, as
given on Page F-155 of the CRC Handbook (1988). Also, the oxides
of nitrogen (NOX) are considered to be nitric oxide (NO), because the
ratio of NO to NO2 is generally unknown, and the majority of the
NOX is generally NO in raw exhaust.
COMPUTING STOICHIOMETRIC AFR
For stoichiometric combustion (c, m, h, and t = 0, w = 0.5 y, and
n set = 0), the AFR can be determined as follows:
SAFR = [A*(MWoj + 3.7742'MWNi)]
/ {A We + y«AWn + z«AWo -t- f«AWN]
Where: A = 1 + 0.25y - 0.5z
Note: MW is molecular weight and AW is atomic weight
Using the preceding value for A and inserting the molecular and
atomic weights, the SAFR is as follows:
SAFR
Notes:
= (1 * 0-^y ~ 0.52)«(31.999 * 3.7742*28.159)
12.011 * l.OOSy + 15.999z * 14.007f
The MW of 28.159 given for N2 is the average MW for
all of the components in air, other than oxygen.
• If some additional fuel constituent other than the N is
present in significant quantity, use a corrected AW
in place of the 14.007 .
SAFR
138.28»(1.0 * 0.25y - O.Sz)
12.011 * l.OOSy + 15.999z * 14.007f
(2)
-------
COMPUTING COMBUSTION APR
This section of the paper describes the approach taken and provides
the basic criteria applied toward computation of the combustion
air/fuel ratio (APR). The derivations of the equations for computing
the APR are given in the attachment to this paper. In essence, the
computation requires deriving the value of variable "A" from the
exhaust constituents. This would involve a rather simple exercise if
the concentrations of all exhaust constituents were known. Such is
not the case, however, because the amounts of hydrogen and water
from combustion are not generally measured, and at times oxygen is
not measured. The APR calculated is for dry air (does not include
humidity). To compare the results to an APR calculated from
measured fuel and air, the water vapor in the intake air must be
mathematically subtracted from the APR derived from measured fuel
and air or added to result derived from measured exhaust constituents.
Initial Conversion of Input Data
Initially all fuel and exhaust composition data must be converted
into consistent units. Assuming fuel components are input as mass
fractions of the total fuel (i.e., Total Fuel = 1), the conversions to
number of atoms of a fuel constituent per atom of carbon (or moles
per mole) are as follows:
FUEL FACTORS: (3)
x = (FFC/FFC) « (12.011/12.011) for carbon
y = (FFH/FFC)«(12.011/ 1.008) for hydrogen
z = (FFO/FFC) - (12.011/15.999) for oxygen
f = (FFX/FFC) « (12.011/AAWX) for all other
FF = Fuel Fraction
AAW = Average Atomic Weight (Use 14.007 if N or unknown)
Use total C, H. and 0 - including that in C02, H20, etc.
For the exhaust constituents, all measured concentrations must be
expressed in percent on a dry basis. Additionally, the C02
concentration must be corrected for background (BG), and the HC
concentration must be corrected for FID response. Equations for
performing the necessary conversions are as follows:
CONVERSION EQUATIONS: (Exhaust Constituents) (4)
Measured Dry (dew point less than -30°C):
Dry %XX = Measured %XX
Measured Ice-Trap Dry (dew point 0°C to 2°C):
Dry%XX = (Measured %XX)» 1.0068
Nate: Following equations include constants derived empirically by primary author.
Measured Wet (no water removed from sample):
Dry%XX - Wet%XX*[(100 +H2OFAC +HUMFAO/100]
H20FAC » 0.005«y«%C02 + 0.005«y«%CO
-0.01»y«SAFR«[%CO +0.0121 *(%CO)2'6]
HUMFAC = 0.168«HUM
(HUM = Intake Humidity in grams/kg of dry air}.
C02 Corrected for Background CO2:
%C02 = Measured %C02 - 1.1 »BG%CO2
= Measured %CO2 - 0.04 (if BG%C02 not measured)
HC Corrected for FID Response:
%HC = Measured %HC / FID Response Factor
If unknown: FIDRF = [0.87 +0.07*y -0.33»z]
Balance Equations and Water-Gas Ratio
Three balance equations can be generated from the combustion
equation. The equations (for carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen) are:
BALANCE EQUATIONS: (5)
Carbon Balance:
1 = c + m 4d (When x = I)
Oxygen Balance:
0.5z -f A = O.Szc + 0.5m + d + 0.5n + t + 0.5w
Hydrogen Balance:
0.5y = O.Syc + h -t- w w = 0.5y - 0.5yc - h
The water-gas ratio for determining exhaust H2 from measured
exhaust constituents is as follows:
k =3.5 = [CO«H20] / [H2-CO2] = [m-w] / [h»d]
Substituting for "w" and solving for "h" provides:
h = [0.5m(y - c)] / [3.5d + m] (6)
Relating Variables To Concentrations
The next requirement is to define the variables in the combustion
equation in terms of the measured values for the exhaust constituents.
This can be done in the form of ratios, as follows:
c/c = %HC/%HC m/c = %CO/%HC d/c = %CO2/%HC
Then substituting into the carbon balance equation:
1 = c + m + d
1 = c(%HC/%HC) + c(%CO/%HC) + c(%CO2/%HC)
c = %HC / (%HC + %CO + %CO2)
Solving all of the other variables in terms of the measured exhaust
constituents, in like manner, provides the following:
VARIABLES IN TERMS OF CONCENTRATIONS: (7)
c = %HC / (%HC -i- %CO + %CO2)
m = %CO / (%HC + %CO + %CO2)
d = %CO2 / (%HC + %CO + %CO2)
n = %NOX / (%HC -i- %CO + %CO2)
t = %O2 / (%HC + %CO + %CO2)
Solution of APR Equation
At this point, all of the necessary conversions have been defined and
all of the necessary equations have been developed to enable deriving
the equations for computation of AFR. It only remains to carry the
resolution to a final solution.
Initially, an attempt was made to use the computer to effect the
solution, but no available program was capable of solving the
numerous simultaneous equations. Therefore, the solution was
derived manually. The solution is included in Appendix A to the
extent practical.
-------
EQUATIONS FOR CALCULATING APR AND LAMBDA
Computations of APR and Lambda (X) have been developed for
cases in which:
• All exhaust constituents are measured;
• All exhaust constituents, except oxygen, are measured;
• Oxygen is the only exhaust constituent measured.
Lambda is the combustion APR divided by the stoichiometric APR.
In the definition of lambda, the O in the exhaust NO is effectively
taken as being available oxygen. With three-way catalyst systems,
the NO is the source for the oxygen involved in oxidizing the CO .
Basic equations for calculation of APR and X are as follows:
APR
138.28«A
12.011 * 1.008«y * 15.999-z + 28.016-f
= APR / SAFR
(8)
(9)
Derivations for most, and the computations for all. of the variables
(except "A") are provided in the text of this paper. Derivations for
"A" are more involved and are provided only in the attachment. In
these applications, exhaust H2 concentration is computed (identified
as H2FAC) as follows:
0.5»%CO'fy»(%HC-'-%C(>%C02) - %HC]
All Exhaust Constituents Available
For the situations in which all exhaust constituents are measured,
and it can be assumed that C02 and O2 are both measured with equal
accuracy (accuracy as a percent of the measured value), the measured
values of both are included in the computation. In situations where
the O2 measurements are significantly less accurate than the CO2
measurements, use the computation in the next section, in which an
O2 value is effectively derived from the measured CO2. The
equation for computation of "A" when the measured CO2 and O2 are
considered to be equally valid is as follows:
= [(0.5»z-0.25-y)«%HC + 0.5*%CO + %C02
+ 0.5«NOX + %O2 - 0.5-H2FAC]
/ [%HC+%CO+%CO2] +0.25«y -0.5«z
(11)
Oxygen Balance Computation
An oxygen balance computation (O2BAL) has been developed to
indicate accuracy of the measured exhaust CO2 and O2, when both
are measured. In this process, an O2 value is calculated from the
other exhaust constituents, and that calculated O2 value is compared
to the measured O2 value. Derivation of the balance computation is
as follows:
02BAL = [(%O2 - CALO2)*100.]
/ [(A + 0.5*z)*(%HC+%CO+%CO2)]
CALO2 = [Calculated t] - [%HC+%CO+%C02]
O2BAJL- %O2/(%HC*%CO*%CO2) - Calc. 1*100.] (12)
A + 0.5-Z
Calc. t = [20.946/(%HC+%CO+%CO2)]
- [(0.2095 -0.1976y +0.393z)c - 0.6047m
+ 0.1858h -d -0.5n -0.1976y -^.3953z -0.2095f]
The result in percent is defined as the difference between the
measured O2 and the value O2 should be, assuming measured values
of other exhaust constituents (primarily CO2) were exactly correct.
In general, when the O2BAL value is significant (the primary author
usually uses a limit of two percent), either the O2 or the CO2
measurement is incorrect.
Exhaust O2 Concentration Not Available
When all exhaust constituents, other than O2, are available, the
computation process computes a concentration for O2. This
calculated concentration is that which would be present, assuming the
measured concentrations for all the other exhaust constituents were
exact. When a valid exhaust O2 concentration is not available, the
equation for computation of "A" is as follows:
A = [20.946 -(0.2095 +0.0524-y -0.1047-z)«%HC
- 0.1047«%CO -0.3142-H2FAC] / [%HC+%CO+%CO2]
+ 0.0524«y-0.1047-z-0.2095*f (13)
Only Exhaust CO2 or 02 Available
When only the exhaust CO2 cchcentration or the O2 concentratior
is available, and the concentrations of other exhaust constituents are
known to be negligible, it is possible to compute a reasonable
estimate of APR. When only the exhaust CO2 or O2 is known, anc
the other constituents are either unknown or negligible, the equation
for "A" reduce to the following:
CO2 Known:
A = 20.946/%CO2 + 0.0524«y - 0.1047«z - 0.2095-f
O2 Known:
A = [%O2»(4.7742 + 0.9435 «y - 1.8871«z + f )]
/ [100. - 4.7742»%O2] + 1.0 + 0.25-y - 0.5«z
APR COMPUTATION PROCESS
Computation of APR is outlined as follows:
1. Compute fuel factors using Equations 3.
2. Convert emissions using Equations 4.
3. Compute A using Equation 11, 13. 14 or 15.
4. When Equation 10 is used, compute O2BAL
5. Compute SAFR and APR using Equations 2 and 8.
6. If A. is desired, compute using Equation 9.
(14
(l:
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OXIDATION POTENTIAL PROCESS
When the APR is very close to stoichiometric (such as with three-
way catalyst systems), the standard APR computation can result in
significant error, relative to the magnitude of the APR. Under such
conditions, a better approach is to utilize an "oxidation potential"
process (OXIPOT). This process is related to the REDOX
computation developed by Gandhi et al (1976), and utilizes the
exhaust constituents that are present in relatively small quantities near
stoichiometric APR (OXIPOT process does not use CO2, H2O, and
N2). The exhaust APR is stoichiometric, relative to oxidation
potential, when:
t -i- 0.5n = (l+0.25y-0.5z)c + 0.5m + 0.5h
The components having oxidizing potential are to the left of the
equal sign, and those having reducing potential are on the right of the
equal sign. OXIPOT is defined as the oxidizing potential divided by
the reducing potential:
OXIPOT = [t +0.5n] / [(l+0.25y-0.5z)c +Q.Sm -i^.Sh]
Solving OXIPOT in terms of the concentrations of the exhaust
constituents results in (H2FAC from Equation 10):
OXIPOT =
{2.«%O2 * %NOX]
[(2.+0.5-y-z)»%HC * %CO * H2FAC]
(16)
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
There are several other considerations, such as wet air-to-fuel ratio
(WAFR), fuel-to-air ratio (FAR and WFAR), and air-to-combustible
fuel ratio (ACFR and WACFR), that can be computed:
Wet Air-to-Fuel Ratio
Calculated dry APR can be converted to a wet air-to-fuel ratio
(WAFR) as follow:
WAFR = AFR*(1 + H/1000) (20)
H = Absolute humidity (grams of voter per tg of dry air)
Fuel-to-Air Ratio
Fuel-to-air ratio (FAR) is total fuel divided by dry air (FAR is the
inverse of the APR):
FAR = FUEL/AIR
FAR = 1/AFR
(21)
FAR divided by the stoichiometric FAR (SFAR) is identified as 41:
4> = FAR/SFAR
<(> = SAFR/AFR
(22)
It is also possible to calculate lambda (A = AFR/SAFR) using the
oxidation potential. The APR is stoichiometric when the total oxygen
from the intake air is (2. + 0.5»y - z), and the computation for
OXIPOTX is as follows:
OXIPOT \ - [(2. * 0.5-y - z) * 02FAC]
[2. + 0.5*y - z]
(17)
02FAC = [2.»%O2 +%NOX -(2.+0.5*y-z)*%HC
-%CO -H2FAC] / [%HC+%CO+%C02]
The values for OXIPOT and OXIPOTX can be used in determining
whether the exhaust composition is oxidizing (has excess O2) or
reducing (deficient in O2) as follows:
OXIPOT or OXIPOTX k 1 Exhaust is Oxidizing (18)
OXIPOT or OXIPOTX S 1 Exhaust is Reducing (19)
REFERENCES
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 69th Edition, CRC Press.
Inc. 1988.
Gandhi, H. S., Piken, A. G., Shelf, M., and Delosh, R. G., 1976
"Laboratory Evaluation of Three-Way Catalysts," SAE Paper 760201.
Spindt, R. S., 1965, "Air-Fuel Ratios from Exhaust Gas Analysis."
SAE Paper 650507.
Urban, C. M., Fritz, S. G., 1992, "Computing Emissions from
Hydrogen-Fueled Engines," ASME Paper 92-ICE-15.
Urban, C. M., Sharp, C. A., 1993, "Computing Emissions from
Natural Gas and Dual-Fuel Engines," ASME Paper 93-ICE-29.
Uyehara, O.. 1991, "A Method to Estimate H2 in Engine Exhaust,"
SAE Paper 910732.
-------
APPENDIX A. DERIVATIONS -i'Sa sr
All of the equations derived in this appendix originate from the basic combustion equation given in the text, as (1), and repeated below:
FUEL + AIR -» EXHAUST [A]
FUEL = xC + yH + zO + fN
AIR = AO2 + [3.7742«A]N2
EXHAUST = cHC + mCO + hH2 + dCO2 + nNOX + wH20 + tO2 -t- [3.7742«A -0.5n]N2 + fN
In all cases, the derivation revolves around solving for the amount of air "A" in the combustion equation. Fuel components are known,
but some of the some exhaust constituents are not known. Derivations presented cover two cases: when oxygen in the exhaust is measured,
in addition to HC, CO, C02, and NOX; and when oxygen is not measured.
OXYGEN MEASURED
When oxygen is measured, the value of t is known, and the solution is reasonably straightforward.
Begin with the equations:
A = O.Szc + 0.5m + d + 0.5n + t + 0.5w - 0.5z (from the oxygen balance) [E]
w = 0.5y - 0.5yc - h (from the hydrogen balance) [C]
Substituting [C] into [B] and simplifying yields:
A = (0.5z - 0.2y)c + O.m + d +0.5n + t -0.5h + 0.25y - 0.5z , [D]
"A" can be expressed in terms of measured emission concentrations by substituting the following equations, taken from (6) and (7) in the
text for c, m, d, n, t, and h.
VARIABLES IN TERMS OF CONCENTRATIONS: [E]
C = %HC / (%HC •»-%CO-f %CO2)
m= %CO / (%HC -t- %CO + %CO2)
d = %CO2 / (%HC + %CO + %CO2)
n = %NOX / (%HC + %CO + %CO2)
t = %O2 / (%HC -t- %CO + %CO2)
h = [0.5m(y - c)] / [3.5d + m] (from hydrogen balance and water-gas ratio)
Combining (D) and (E) and simplifying the result yields:
A _ (O.Sz-0.25y)%HC * 0.5 %CO * %CO2 * 0.5%NOX * %O2 - O.SH2FAC ^ 025y - 05- rp]
%HC * %CO + %CO2 '
Where: H2FAC = 0^»%CO « [y.(%HC*%CO+%CO2)-%Hq/[3^-%CXl2 + %CO]
-------
**l
OXYGEN NOT MEASURED ~
This solution is more complex because the value of t must be expressed in terms of other exhaust constituents, and thus eliminated, before
* expressing "A" in terms of measured emission concentrations. The solution is from the basic combustion equation as follows:
I
•'" Begin with the following from [B], [C], and [E] on the previous page:
A = a5zc + 0.5m + d + 0.5n + t + 0.5w + 0.5z [G]
w = 0.5y-0.5yc-h [H]
%O2 = t*(%HC + %CO + %CO2) from t = %O2 / (%HC + %CO + %CO2) [I]
From the basic combustion equation, the percentage of free oxygen in the total dry exhaust is:
%02 = ^5 [J]
c*m+h+d+n+t+ 3.7792A - 0.5n * f
Setting [I] equal to [J] yields:
100
%HC + %CO + %CO2
=c+m+h+d+ 0.5n * t * 3.7742A * f [K]
Substituting [H] into [G] and then substituting revised [G] into [K] yields:
100 / [%HC + %CO + %CO2] =
c+m+h+d+ 0.5n + t + 1.8871zc + 1.8871m + 3.7742d + 1.8871n + 3.7742t + 0.9436y - 0.9436yc - 1.8871h [L]
Simplifying [L] and solving for t gives:
t = 20.946 0.2095c -0.6047m +0.1858h -d -0.5n -0.3953zc -0.1976y *0.1976yc +0.3953z -0.2095f [M]
%HC*%CO+%C02
Now that t is known, "A" may be solved for in terms of exhaust emission concentrations.
Substituting [M] into [G], for t, and simplifying yields:
A = 0.1047zc - 0.1047m + - = -- 0.2095c -0-3142H +0.00524y -0.0524yc -0.1047z +0.2095f [N]
%HO%CO+%CO2
Now the equations for c, m, and h from [E] are substituted into [N] to express "A" in terms of measured emission concentrations.
Simplifying the resulting equation yields the final solution:
A = 20.946 - (0.2095 *0.0524y -Q.l047z).%HC - 0.1047.%CO - 0.3142.H2FAC + Q Q524y _ Q ^^ _
Where: H2FAC » 0.5«%CO - [y«(%HC * %CO + %CO2) - %HC]/f3.5«%CO2 * %CO]
Sfti. .-
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX S
AN INVESTIGATION OF INLET AIR HUMIDITY EFECTS ON A LARGE-BORE,
TWO STROKE NATURAL GAS FIRED ENGINE
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
AN INVESTIGATION OF INLET AIR HUMIDITY EFFECTS ON
A LARGE-BORE, TWO STROKE NATURAL GAS FIRED ENGINE
Dean Huntley
Tennessee Gas Pipeline
Plant Services, Mechanical Testing
Houston, Texas 77002
Jay Holden
Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory
Colorado State University
Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
ABSTRACT
The natural gas transmission industry has in
service over 8000 large-bore, natural gas engines
of various makes and vintages for compressing
natural gas. Many of these engines are operated
in high relative humidity conditions of the gulf and
East Coast regions of the United States.
Significant changes in emissions are often
observed with changing ambient conditions and
can be related to a combination of inlet air
temperature as well as humidity effects. In an
effort to investigate the humidity parameter, a
project was sponsored by the American Gas
Association to study humidity effects at the
Colorado State University Large Bore Engine Test
Bed. In this project, an inlet air humidification
system was constructed to deliver a known amount
of entrained water vapor to a Cooper-Bessemer
GMV engine. A combination of steam injection and
atomizing water nozzles were used to inject the
desired quantity of water into the inlet air of the
GMV test engine. Feedback control was
accomplished through humidity sensors located in
the inlet air duct. Due to the extensive level of
instrumentation and control on this engine, it was
possible to isolate the effects of humidity on engine
performance and emissions.
In this paper, the direct effects of changing the
humidity of the inlet air on engine performance and
emissions are presented. Test data and theory are
used to demonstrate the effects of varying inlet air
humidity on the emission of oxides of nitrogen,
unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and air
toxics (formaldehyde) from the engine.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND DISCLAIMER
This paper is based on work funded under various
contracts with PRC International (PCRI) and the
Gas Research Institute (GRI). The data presented
is considered to be work in progress and therefore
it has not been approved by the sponsors. The
opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed are
those of the author and not necessarily those of the
American Gas Association (A.G.A.), or PRCI or
GRI. Mention of company or product name is not
to be considered an endorsement by A.G.A., PRCI
or GRI. Neither A.G.A., members of A.G.A., PRCI,
or members of PRCI, GRI, or members of GRI, or
any person acting on behalf of them; makes any
warranty or representation, express or implied, with
respect to the accuracy, completeness, or
usefulness of the information contained in this
paper, or that the use of any information,
apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this
paper may not infringe privately-owned rights.
Finally, neither A.G.A. and its members, PRCI and
its members, or GRI and its members, or any
person acting on their behalf of all three
organizations, assumes any liability with respect to
the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of
any information, apparatus, method, or process
disclosed in this paper.
-------
INTRODUCTION
Large-Bore Engine Test-bed
The automotive industry has conducted research
regarding the effects of humidity on emissions in
four stroke gasoline and diesel engines (1,2,3).
This body of work has identified the general trends
of emissions with increasing humidity levels and
investigated the relationships between humidity
and air fuel ratio and in-cylinder heat capacity
change (4, 5). As is usually the case, there is little
data examining the humidity effects on large-bore
engines. Additionally, the majority of the
automotive research was conducted before there
was any interest in air toxic emissions and only
considered criteria pollutants.
The American Gas Association (AGA) sponsored a
project in the fall of 1996 to investigate the effects
of varying humidity levels on emissions from a
large-bore engine. The project was conducted at
the Colorado State University Large-Bore Engine
Test-bed (LBET) and included criteria and air toxic
emission data. The project equipment was
specified, installed and the testing completed by
September 1997.
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
The goal was to provide a system capable of
simulating a 100% relative humidity day at sea
level and 90°F in the LBET for the range of ambient
conditions typically encountered in Fort Collins,
Colorado. Additionally, the capability to control and
vary the humidity level from the minimum possible
(Fort Collins ambient conditions) to 100% RH on a
90°F day at sea level was required. Once the
system was in place, the testing program consisted
of various humidity maps in which the humidity was
the only independent parameter.
TEST SETUP
The humidity control system was designed and
specified by the EECL personnel and consisted of
a variety of commercially available items. The
Woodward Governor Company provided
assistance with the controls and integrated them
into the existing engine controller. The major
components of the humidity control system
included the LBET, water supply system, steam
humidification delivery system, the atomizing
nozzle system, and humidity sensors.
The LBET was commissioned by the gas pipeline
industry in 1992 to provide an independent
research facility to assist in the development of
emission reduction technologies for large-bore
engines. Due to the generous support of the
industry, the LBET has evolved into a state-of-the-
art facility conducting some of the most advanced
research ever attempted on large-bore engines.
The centerpiece of the test-bed is a highly
instrumented four cylinder, 14 inch bore, 14 inch
stroke, two-cycle natural gas fired Cooper-
Bessemer GMV-4TFS engine. The engine has a
sea-level rating of 440 bhp at 300 rpm. There are
102 engine parameters continuously monitored,
including in-cylinder pressures for real-time
combustion analysis. Load control is accomplished
with a water brake dynomometer and the engine is
outfitted with a turbocharger simulation package
which allows operation at a range of air manifold
pressures to mimic piston scavenged and clean
burn GMV configurations. The engine is equipped
with a Woodward Governor Autobaiancer system
to provide precise cylinder peak pressure balance
during testing. The test-bed uses protocol
analyzers as well as a Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectrometer (FTIR) to examine criteria and air
toxic emissions. The addition of the humidity
system compliments the existing systems that
allow control of air manifold temperature and
pressure, fuel manifold temperature and pressure,
and jacket water temperature.
Water Supply System
A reverse osmosis water supply system was
selected to provide the pure water for
humidification of the engine inlet air (Figure 3). A
1500 gallon storage tank was added to reduce the
duty cycle of the reverse osmosis machine.
Steam Humidification Delivery System
A high pressure, natural gas fired boiler was used
to generate steam and deliver it through a control
valve to injection rails placed inside the inlet air
duct of the engine (Figures 1, 2 ,6). The injection
was carried out downstream of the supercharger
(turbocharger simulator) and required the addition
of a mixing section of duct to ensure entrainment of
the water vapor in the air stream (Figure 2). The
steam injection was the primary method of injecting
water vapor. In order to maintain a constant air
-------
manifold temperature in the summer months, an
atomizing nozzle water injection system was also
installed in the mixing section of the duct (Figure
4).
Water Injection System
Atomizing nozzles using pressurized water and
compressed air were installed to deliver water
vapor and to cool the inlet air stream if needed to
maintain a constant air manifold temperature in the
summer months (Figure 4). The intercooler (Figure
2) at the LBET operates near 100% of its capacity
during the hottest summer months of operation.
Steam injection during the summer has the
potential to exceed the cooling capacity of the
intercooler which required installation of the
atomizing nozzles to ensure year round operation
of the humidity system. Both the steam and
atomizing nozzles can be operated at the same
time and in this manner provide the capability to
control both humidity and air manifold temperature.
Humidity Sensors
Vailsiala humidity sensors were placed in the inlet
air duct both upstream and downstream of the
supercharger. The downstream humidity sensor
was used to provide feedback control of the
humidity delivery system and provided setpoint
control for the delivery systems. To verify the
accuracy of the humidity sensors, the engine intake
air was sampled periodically with the FTIR to
determine the percent water in the intake air.
Percent water is easily correlated to the required
relative humidity level and provided an easy check
of the measurement system.
HUMIDITY UNITS
The amount of water vapor contained in
atmospheric air can be described either by the
humidity ratio or the relative humidity. The
humidity ratio is defined as the ratio of water mass
to the mass of dry air in a moist air sample and is
usually given the symbol W. The units are pounds
of water per pounds of air.
W= Ibs water/lbs dry air
For an air-water mixture:
Pw = partial pressure of water vapor
Plol = total pressure of mixture
Relative humidity is the ratio of the partial pressure
of the water vapor to the saturation pressure at the
temperature of the air. For every temperature,
there is a unique saturation pressure.
RH = Pv / Psat
If the partial pressure of the water vapor is equal to
the saturation pressure, the air is saturated (i.e.,
100 % relative humidity).
These two terms are easily correlated to each
other by using ideal gas equations and the liquid-
vapor saturation curve for water. The humidity
ratio is a more meaningful parameter for the
purpose of this research. This is because the
relative humidity is exponentially dependent on
ambient temperature, which can confuse the
results if ambient temperature is not held constant.
Humidity ratio represents the mass fraction of
water in the intake charge, which affects the
combustion process directly.
TESTING PROCEDURE
Test points were determined by first calculating the
humidity ratio of 90 °F, 14.696 psig air at a desired
relative humidity. This humidity ratio was then
back calculated to a test point relative humidity at
the operating air manifold temperature and
pressure of the engine. The test point relative
humidity was then used as the control set point for
the system.
The primary humidity map was conducted at 7.5
inches Hg boost and 110 °F air manifold
temperature. This map consists of 8 points varying
in humidity ratio from 0.007 to 0.25 Ib/lb dry air .
To verify the trends observed in the first humidity
map points, additional maps were conducted at 10
and 12.5 inches Hg boost pressure and 90 and 140
°F air manifold temperature. Finally, to investigate
the effects of humidity at a constant air/ fuel ratio,
additional data was taken to permit analysis at
matched trapped air/ fuel ratio points. A summary
of the data points used in the maps and matched
air fuel ratio points is contained in Tables I through
IX.
W = 0.61298 *
-Pw), where:
-------
Protocol analyzers were used to measure the
concentrations of NOx, CO, THC, O2, and C02
during the testing. A FT1R was used to measure
Formaldehyde concentrations.
ENGINE CONFIGURATION
Testing was performed on the GMV-4TF engine
with Woodward Governor Electronic Gas
Admission Valves (EGAV). Speed control was
accomplished by governing on duration through the
Autobalancer 5000 system. Duration governing
works by using a proportional / integral / derivative
(PID) speed loop to increase or decrease fuel
delivered to the engine to maintain the speed at the
desired setpoint.
The engine balance was precisely maintained by
using the Autobalancer feature, and the Altronic
CPU 2000 ignition system was used in all the
testing.
-------
Table I: Test Matrix 1
440 BHP, 7.5" AMP, 110 °F AMT
Test
Points
H 1.4-6
H1.7-9
H1. 10-12
Relative Humidity
90 °F & 29.92 in Hg
24.29
41.63
52.97
H1. 13-15 | 63.5
H1.20-22 | 68.33
H1. 26-28
H1. 29-31
74.81
79.27
H1.32-34 | 83.40
Grains/lb
68.32
87.93
112.51
135.58
146.24
160.60
170.56
179.84
Table II: Test Matrix 2
440 BHP, 10" AMP, 110 °F AMT
Test
Points
H2.2-4
H2.8-9
H2.10-11
Relative Humidity
90 °F & 29.92 in Hg
29.56
53.62
64.55
H2. 12-13 | 73.38
H2 14-15 | 98.83
Grains/lb
62.09
113.93
137.90
157.44
214.72
Table III: Test Matrix 3
440 BHP, 12.5" AMP, 110 °F AMT
Test
Points
H2.5-7
H2.22-23
H2. 18-19
H2. 20-21
Relative Humidity
90 °F & 29.92 in Hg
24.74
39.74
66.17
77.17
Grains/lb
51.83
83.87
141.47
165.87
Table IV: Test Matrix 4
440 BHP, 7.5" AMP, 90 °F AMT
Test
Points
H3.5-7
H3.8-10
H3.11-13
H3.14-16
Relative Humidity
90 °F & 29.92 in Hg
36.63
51.30
72.50
75.31
Grains/lb
77.20
108.89
155.48
161.74
Table V: Test Matrix 5
440 BHP, 7.5" AMP, 140 °F AMT
Test
Points
H3.2-4
H3.31-32?
H3.29-30
H3.21-22
H3.27-28
Relative Humidity
90 °F & 29.92 in Hg
30.97
45.00
58.90
84.74
86.00
Grains/lb
65.09
95.21
125.42
182.83
185.67
Table VI: Test Matrix 6
A/F MATCH, 440 BHP, 7.5" AMP, 110 °F AMT
Test
Points
H1.1-3
H1. 10-12
H1. 26-28
Relative Humidity
90 °F & 29.92 in Hg
32.49
52.97
74.81
H4.3-4 j 81.44
Grains/lb
68.32
112.51
160.60
175.42
Table VII: Test Matrix 7
A/F MATCH, 440 BHP, 10" AMP, 110 °F AMT
Test
Points
H2.2-4
H2.8-9
H2.12-13
H4.5-6
Relative Humidity
90 °F & 29.92 in Hg
29.56
53.62
73.38
77.61
Grains/lb
62.09
113.93
157.44
166.86
Table VIII: Test Matrix 8
A/F MATCH, 440 BHP, 12.5" AMP, 110 8F AMT
Test
Points
H2.5-7
H2.18-19
H2.20-21
H4.7-8
Relative Humidity
90 °F & 29.92 in Hg
24.74
66.17
77.17
79.86
Grains/lb
51.83
165.87
165.87
171.89
Table IX: Test Matrix 9
A/F MATCH, 440 BHP, 12.5" AMP, 140 °F AMT
Test
Points
H3.2-4
H3.31-32
H4.1-2
H3.21-22
Relative Humidity
90 °F & 29.92 in Hg
30.97
45.00
73.45
84.74
Grains/lb
65.09
95.21
157.59
182.83
-------
Figure 1: Boiler
Figure 4: Steam Control Valve and Atomizing
Nozzle Tubing
Figure 2: Mixing Duct, Air Manifold Intercooler Figure 5: Supercharger, Mixing Duct, and
Boiler
Figure 3: Reverse Osmosis Water Supply and Figure 6: Mixing Duct and Boiler
Storage Tank
-------
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results presented here are a summary of
findings of the AGA sponsored testing. Colorado
State University will issue the official AGA project
test report.
Previous researchers have shown that inlet air
humidity has an affect on engine emissions and
performance. Two prominent mechanisms have
been offered to explain the effects of humidity on
engine performance and emissions. The first is the
decrease in cylinder temperatures caused by the
increase in the total heat capacity of the cylinder
charge. The second, the decrease in the air fuel
ratio as water vapor displaces oxygen in the inlet
air. The decrease in oxygen supplied to the engine
causes a richer mixture. The lower air fuel ratio
translates to a higher in cylinder temperature.
Although opposite in effect, both mechanisms have
an affect on in-cylinder temperature. The decrease
in the oxygen concentration in the in cylinder
charge, appears to have more of an affect on
engines operating at or near stoichiometric
conditions (rich burn four-stroke engines (1)).
The majority of research has focused on the most
prominent affect of these changes, NO, production.
Additionally, research papers reviewed in
conjunction with this program, indicate that to date,
no work has been conducted on either two-stroke,
or large-bore industrial class engines in the relation
to the effects of humidity on engine performance
and emissions. Results presented within this
document will provide information on variations in
inlet air humidity in relation to engine emissions,
and engine combustion parameters. In order to
completely understand the ensuing discussion, a
definition of the terminology used to explain the
effects of humidity on engine emissions and
performance is required.
Trapped Air Fuel Ratio
The trapped air / fuel ratio refers to the mixture
captured in the cylinder that participates in the
combustion event. On a two-stroke engine,
determining the trapped air / fuel ratio is
complicated by the presence of scavenging air. To
determine a trapped air / fuel ratio, an assumption
of engine trapping efficiency is made and is applied
to the overall air / fuel ratio of the engine. The
overall air / fuel ratio is determined by measuring
the air and fuel mass flow rates, or an analysis of
the exhaust gas constituents.
Previous work by Olsen et al. (5) at the EECL has
used a tracer gas method to measure the trapping
efficiency of the test engine. A tracer gas was
used that was destroyed at in cylinder combustion
temperatures but would pass through the engine if
used in a scavenging process. Before and after
engine concentrations of the tracer gas were
measured with a FTIR spectrometer and the
concentrations are a direct indication of trapping
efficiency.
Figure 8 show the calculated trapped air fuel ratio
decreasing with increasing humidity levels for all
boost levels. For each of the three boost levels,
the air / fuel ratio decreased approximately one air /
fuel ratio unit. The data was taken at a fixed air
manifold pressure, therefore as intake humidity
was increased the air was displaced with the water
vapor the air / fuel ratio decreased. This is
characteristic of fixed air supply engines.
Figures 11-14 show the humidity effect at a
constant trapped air / fuel ratio. This means the
humidity effect is due to more than just a changing
air / fuel ratio and for these plots directly indicate
the effects of increasing heat capacity.
Specific Heat Capacitiy
The specific heat capacity, or specific heat is a
thermodynamic property which is defined as the
amount of heat required per unit mass to raise the
temperature by one degree. To evaluate the
specific heat changes associated with increasing
humidity, calculations were performed to evaluate
the specific heat capacity of the trapped cylinder
charge. A fuel gas analysis, measured intake air
moisture content, and calculated trapped air / fuel
ratio were used to calculate a constant volume
adiabatic flame temperature. The products of
combustion were assumed to be H2O, C02, 02
and N2. The specific heat of the combustion
products was then evaluated at the flame
temperature. Figures 15 - 18 are a plot of
emissions versus specific heat at the flame
temperature for the humidity maps at the different
boost levels tested. The calculated flame
temperatures are presented in Figure 21 for
different boost levels.
-------
To account for the mass changes of different air /
fuel ratios, the mixture specific heat was multiplied
by the trapped mass to give an absolute measure
of the cylinder heat capacity which is termed total
heat capacity. The total heat capacity of a gas
mixture can be augmented three ways, (1) by
adding a constituent with a significantly different
specific heat capacity such as H2O, (2) by adding
more mass, and (3) by increasing the temperature
provided that the mixture does not consist entirely
of monatomic gases. The absolute heat capacity
data for the different boost levels tested are plotted
in Figure 19 and compared to a constant humidity
boost map.
In Cylinder Bulk Temperature
In cylinder temperature is a calculated average
temperature and is based on peak pressure,
location of peak pressure, engine geometry, mass
of charge and speed. Bulk temperature data are
plotted in Figure 10. The bulk in cylinder
temperatures were insensitive to changes in
humidity ratio but did decrease with increasing
boost levels. The lack of change of bulk
temperatures is most likely due to the offsetting
effects of the decreasing air / fuel ratio and
increasing mixture total heat capacity. This
behavior was also seen with the calculated flame
temperatures.
Stack Temperature
Figure 9 show the exhaust stack temperature
increasing slightly with increasing humidity. This is
partly due to a decrease in trapped air / fuel ratio
with increasing humidity. Also, the location of peak
pressures occur later as the humidity increases,
which generally results in an increase in stack
temperature. When cylinder pressure peaks later
in the cycle, less of the chemical energy from the
fuel is converted to shaft power, resulting in higher
exhaust temperatures. The stack temperature,
which is tied strongly to location of peak pressure,
does not necessarily correlate with peak bulk in-
cylinder temperature, calculated directly from peak
pressure amplitude. The stack temperature also
does not correlate to calculated flame
temperatures. This insensitivity of the bulk and
flame temperatures to the humidity ratio most likely
results from competing effects of decreasing air /
fuel ratio and increased charge heat capacity.
Combustion Parameters
Figures 23-26 display the results of increasing
humidity levels on the combustion parameters.
The only combustion parameters affected by the
humidity were the cylinder peak pressures and
location of peak pressures. Cylinder peak
pressures are decreasing slightly with increasing
humidity and do not correspond to an expected
decrease in cylinder bulk temperature. This is due
to the increased heat capacity in the cylinder from
the increased moisture content. The location of
peak pressure is increasing as the humidity
increases and the mixture becomes richer.
Standard deviations of the combustion parameters
generally describe the combustion stability, or the
cycle to cycle variability of the combustion event.
Increasing humidity levels did not adversely affect
the combustion. No significant levels of misfires
were observed during the testing.
BSFC Results
Figure 7 shows a trend of increasing fuel
consumption as humidity levels are increased.
This trend has been previously documented in a
paper by Quader (1), which shows specific fuel
consumption increasing with percent by volume of
water in the intake charge. Although the previous
author provided no explanation for this trend, it is
most likely related to the high value and strong
temperature dependence of the specific heat of
water.
NOx Results
As previously mentioned, variations in inlet air
humidity appear to have the most prominent effect
on NO, production.. This trend is uniform over all
air manifold pressures and temperatures tested.
The data indicates that increases in humidity ratio
bring about a resulting decrease in NOX production.
The reduction in NOx appears to be not as
pronounced at leaner air / fuel ratios. By looking at
the data in terms of trapped air/fuel ratio and heat
capacity of the trapped charged, it can be seen that
the NO, emissions are being reduced at higher
humidity levels even though the air fuel ratio is
becoming richer. This can be seen in Figure (X).
Bulk cylinder temperatures and calculated flame
temperatures were previously shown to be
relatively constant through the humidity map.
Therefore, the decreasing NOx emissions are likely
-------
due to the effects of increasing heat capacity from
increased moisture in the air/fuel mixture.
The current school of thought is that the increased
heat capacity brings about a reduction in the
overall combustion temperature;, by lowering
combustion pressures and slowing the combustion
flame propagation. Test programs which derived
these results maintained a constant air / fuel ratio
while changing humidity ratio. The current test
program increased the humidity ratio at a constant
air manifold pressure. The air / fuel ratio changed
by one air / fuel unit over the range of humidity
ratios tested at each boost condition. The increase
in humidity ratio has an offsetting effect to the
changes in air / fuel ratio which resulted in a
constant adiabatic flame temperature. Additional
data was collected in which air / fuel ratio was held
constant over varying humidity ratios. This was
conducted at all three test boost pressures. The
results from this data are displayed in Figures 11 to
14 which show the trend of decreasing NOx with
increasing humidity. The data from these various
mapping processes support the current school of
thought and offer a second plausible explanation
for the reduction in NOx with increasing humidity
ratio.
The data which displays the constant air / fuel ratio
points for varying humidity ratios shows a decrease
in NOx as humidity increases. The combustion
pressures decrease and locations of peak pressure
occur later (figures 23-26). These changes do
occur but are not of a great magnitude. The data
which represents the varying humidity ratios at a
constant boost pressure indicate minimal change in
the combustion parameters, with adiabatic flame
temperature remaining constant. These minimal
changes in peak pressures and adiabatic flame
temperatures indicate that the combustion is
occurring in essentially the same manner. With the
assumption that the combustion processes for all
humidity ratios is starting at a similar adiabatic
flame temperature (as indicated by test data), what
happens as the composition cools during the
expansion stroke becomes important. During the
expansion stroke, the NO formed in the flame front
is decomposing to an equilibrium state as the
temperatures decline. As the expansion stroke
continues and the temperature drops, the NO
equilibrium reaction is frozen prior to reaching the
final equilibrium state (N2 and 02). With increased
heat capacity (due to increased water vapor) of the
post combustion composition, the change in
temperature in relation to the change in time (dT/dt)
is less. This translates to the post combustion
composition remaining at a higher temperature for
a longer period of time. The effect of this
mechanism on the NOx production would be a
decrease in NOx emissions.
Test data collected tend to support this
mechanism. Calculated adiabatic flame
temperatures and bulk in cylinder peak
temperature calculations show constant
temperatures for varying humidity ratios.
Measured exhaust gas temperatures show an
increase in temperature, which would be expected
with higher post combustion temperatures during
the expansion stroke. This data correlates well
with the slight changes in the measured
combustion parameters, which appear to have
minimal changes in relation to the reduction in
NOx. Additionally, the slight decreases in peak
pressures are at richer air / fuel ratios where one
would expect elevated temperatures and
pressures.
Total Hydrocarbons and Carbon Monoxide
The effects of humidity ratio and specific heat on
total hydrocarbon (THC) and carbon monoxide
(CO) emissions are given in Figures (12,13,16,17).
THC emissions display a gradual increasing trend
with increasing humidity ratio with the exception of
the 7.5 in. Hg boost data, which does not change
significantly for the range of humidity ratio tested.
The increasing trend seen at higher boost levels
has been observed by other researchers (4, 5).
One possible explanation for the increasing trend in
our data is the decrease in air/fuel ratio as humidity
ratio increases. For richer mixtures, higher
concentrations of hydrocarbons exist in regions
which are not processed by the flame, such as
crevice volumes. As humidity ratio increases, CO
emissions are reduced initially then increase. Thus,
there is a optimum level of humidity that minimizes
CO. However, the changes in CO are small,
between the range of 3 to 14% with the largest
effect occurring at the lowest boost. This is in
contrast to THC emissions, where the smallest
effect was seen at the lowest boost level. A
hydrocarbon trend is not evident during the
humidity map at 7.5 inches of boost. It is likely that
any additional hydrocarbon emissions resulting
from the decrease in air / fuel ratio are oxidized at
the relatively high bulk gas temperature at this
boost level.
-------
Formaldehyde Results
REFERENCES
Formaldehyde emissions vs. humidity ratio and
specific heat are shown in Figure 18. The effects of
humidity on formaldehyde emissions are
significant. Increasing humidity ratio increases
formaldehyde emissions at all boost levels tested.
Formaldehyde increased by 30% when the
humidity ratio was increased from 0.007 to 0.033.
This increase occurs with an accompanying
decreasing air/fuel ratio. Recall that, for constant
humidity, formaldehyde increases with increasing
air/fuel ratio (Figure 14). Therefore, the
formaldehyde trend vs. air/fuel ratio with varying
humidity ratio is opposite the trend observed with
constant humidity (Figure 34). One possible
explanation of the impact of humidity is based on
formaldehyde chemical kinetics. There is a
temperature window where a net formation rate of
formaldehyde exists, assuming unburned
hydrocarbons are present. That window is
approximately between 700 and 1100 K, above
which formaldehyde is quickly destroyed and below
which the formaldehyde concentration is frozen.
The combustion products generally pass through
this temperature window during expansion, which
is believed to be a critical time for formaldehyde
formation. For combustion product mixtures with
higher specific heats (i.e. with added humidity) the
gas temperature during expansion may spend
more time in the formation temperature window,
resulting in higher formaldehyde concentrations.
CONCLUSIONS
The effects of increasing humidity levels on NOx
emissions is due primarily to increased heat
capacity of the combustion charge. Although air
fuel ratio is the primary parameter affecting Nox
production, when humidity effects are combined
with air fuel ratio effects, the production of NOx
emissions are significantly affected.
Increasing humidity at a constant air manifold
pressure decreases the air / fuel ratio. The effects
of NOx and formaldehyde emissions are
counterintuitive to the expected results of
decreasing air / fuel ratio.
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS
Thanks to the EECL personnel for their time and
effort in providing analysis and insight in
developing the humidity data and results.
(1) Auther A. Quader, "Why Intake Charge Dilution
Decreases Nitric Oxide Emission from Spark
Ignition Engines", SAE 710009, 1971
(2) J. A. Robison, "Humidity Effects on Engine
Nitric Oxide Emissions at Steady-State Conditions",
SAE 700467, 1970
(3) S. Ohigashi, H. Kuroda, Y. Nakajima, Y.
Hayashi, K. Sugihara, "Heat Capacity Changes
Predict Nitrogen Oxides Reduction by Exhaust Gas
Recirculation", SAE 710010,1971
(4) S. R. Krause, "Effect of Engine Intake-Air
Humidity, Temperature, and Pressure on Exhaust
Emissions", SAE 710835
(5) W. J. Brown, S. A. Gendernalik, R. V. Kerley, F.
J. Marsee, "Effect of Engine Intake-Air Moisture on
Exhaust Emissions", SAE 700107, 1970
(6) J. B. Heywood, Internal Combustion Engine
Fundamentals, Magraw-Hill Inc, 1988,
(7) D. Olsen, P. Puzinauskas, O Dautrebande,
"Development and Evaluation of Tracer Gas
Methods for Measuring Trapping Efficiency in Four-
Stroke Engines", SAE 981382
-------
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FIgure27
B.S. NOx vs Humidity Ratio
at440Bhp, 300Rpm, and 110AMT
G 7 5" Hg AMP
a KTHgAMP
A 12.5"HgAMP
0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035
Humidity Ratio (lbmw/lbma)
• Figure 28
B.S. THC vs Humidity Ratio
at440Bhp, 300Rpm, and 110AMT
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Humidity Ratio (lbmw/lbma)
Figure 29
B.S. CO vs Humidity Ratio
at440Bhp, SOORpm, and 110AMT
n 75
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Figure 30
B.S. Formaldehyde vs Humidity Ratio
at440Bhp, 300Rpm, and 110AMT
© 7.5" Hg AMP
H 10-HgAMP
A 12.5" Hg AMP
0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030
Humidity Ratio (lbmw/lbma)
0.035
-------
Figure 31
B.S. NOx vs Trapped Air/Fuel Ratio
at 440Bhp, 300Rpm, and 110AMT
Figure 32
B.S. THC vs Trapped Air/Fuel Ratio
at 440Bhp, 300Rpm, and 110AMI
15 -
12 -
JE
Q.
S
X
o
w
a
6 -
3-
0 -
I . 1 . 1 . I . I
®i S MGAV A/F Ratio Map
• \ Q 7.5" Hg Humidity Map
. \ 1 •
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a 7.5" Hg Humidity Map ' '
; 1
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' > 1 ! 1
u T I I I i " II i
18 19 20 21 22 23 18 19 20 21 22 23
Trapped Air/Fuel Ratio Trapped Air/Fuel Ratio
Fl'9ure 33 Figure 34
B.S. CO vs Trapped Air/Fuel Ratio B-S. formaldehyde vs Trapped Air/Fuel Ratio
at440Bhp, SOORpm, and 110AMT at440Bhp, 300Rpm. and 110AMT
0 90 , n -5-5
0.85 -
0.80 -
o 0.75 -
6.
S 0.70 -
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B 7.5" Hg Humidity Map /
/
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1 I I I
18 19 20 21 22
0.21 -
0.20 -
!c 0.19 -
Q.
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« 0.17
CO
0.16
0.15
n 14
23
• ' 'I
J
0 MGAV A/F Ratio Map
• • a 7.5" Hg Humidity Map G- • /
/
a i .
g\ • 1
- i \j / ; •
- i V/ i -
A • -
: / Q . :
i i i 1 1
18 19 20 21 22 2
Trapped Air/Fuel Ratio
Trapped Air/Fuel Ratio
-------
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS
Thanks to the EECL personnel for their time and
effort in providing analysis and insight in
developing the humidity data and results.
REFERENCES
(1) Auther A. Quader, "Why Intake Charge Dilution
Decreases Nitric Oxide Emission from Spark
Ignition Engines", SAE 710009,1971
(2) J. A. Robison, "Humidity Effects on Engine
Nitric Oxide Emissions at Steady-State Conditions",
SAE 700467, 1970
(3) S. Ohigashi, H. Kuroda, Y. Nakajima, Y.
Hayashi, K. Sugihara, "Heat Capacity Changes
Predict Nitrogen Oxides Reduction by Exhaust Gas
Recirculation", SAE 710010, 1971
(4) S. R. Krause, "Effect of Engine Intake-Air
Humidity, Temperature, and Pressure on Exhaust
Emissions", SAE 710835
(5) W. J. Brown, S. A. Gendernalik, R. V. Kerley, F,
J. Marsee, "Effect of Engine Intake-Air Moisture on
Exhaust Emissions", SAE 700107, 1970
(6) J. B. Heywood, Internal Combustion Engine
Fundamentals, Magraw-Hill Inc, 1988,
(7) D. Olsen, P. Puzinauskas, O Dautrebande,
"Development and Evaluation of Tracer Gas
Methods for Measuring Trapping Efficiency in Four-
Stroke Engines", SAE 981382
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX T
DERIVATION OF GENERAL EQUATION FOR OBTAINING ENGINE EXHAUST
EMISSIONS ON A MASS BASIS USING THE "TOTAL CARBON" METHOD
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
Derivation of General Equation for Obtaining
Engine Exhaust Emissions on a Mass Basis
Using the "Total Carbon" Method
Introduction
The "total carbon" method of obtaining engine exhaust emissions
on a mass basis from volumetric measurements has been used for some
time in automotive exhaust emission testing.
The purpose of this paper is to derive and explain the "total carbon"
method equations for converting volumetric exhaust emission measurement
to a mass basis for any type of gaseous fuel. A simpler version of this
procedure is possible and normally used with liquid hydrocarbon fuel such
as gasoline or dies el fuel.
Derivation of "Total Carbon" Method
A. General Approach
The "total carbon" method of determining the mass of exhaust emis-
sion depends on the assumption that all of the carbon in the exhaust comes
from the fuel. The 0.. 03% COz in normal atmospheric air is neglected. It
is also assumed that all the carbon in the exhaust is accounted for by meas-
uring CO, CO2. and hydrocarbons. The basis for the method is the fact that
for each constituent of a gas mixture, the mass per mole of gas mixture can
be determined from the volume fraction (mole percent) thusly:
Mole % of Constituent x Molecular vfreight of Constituent
100
_ Mass of Constituent (1)
Mole of Mixture
Therefore, the mass of each emission specie in the exhaust gas
mixture per mole of exhaust gas can be determined from the measured
volumetric concentrations. The mass per hour of each emission specie
can then be obtained from as follows:
B-2
-------
I
I
I] Mass of Emission „ Moles of Exhaust Gas
21 . Mass/hr = v,_,^ ^t -c-~\^,.** n^c x w (i>
j
j
J
j
J However, the moles of exhaust gas/hr produced by the combustion
A source is not known. It is this quantity that can be derived from the fact
; that the fuel and exhaust gas contain the same amount of carbon, as shown
1 in the next section.
B. Derivation of an Expression for Moles/Hr of Exhaust Gas
An expression for the Moles of Exhaust/Hr can be derived from fuel
composition and molecular weight and the measured values of fuel flow and
volumetric concentrations of CO, CO2- and hydrocarbons in the exhaust.
The expression is:
J
I
I /Mass of Carbon in FuelA
Mnl*»s nf Firhaiist V hr I
Moles of Exhaust _ V hr / (3)
• hr /Mass of Carbon in Exhaust\
J 1 Mole of Exhaust J
_ Since the total mass of carbon/hr put into the system by the fuel
J must be equal to the total mass of carbon/hr leaving the system in the
exhaust gas.
i
J Sections 1 and 2 below will derive the expressions for mass of car-
: bon from fuel/hr and mass of carbon from exhaust/mole of exhaust,
J respectively.
.
< 1. Derivation of Expression for Mass of Carbon from Fuel/Hr
J
The problem is to determine the Mass of Carbon/Hr put into the
system from the fuel using either an assumed or actual fuel composition
and the measured fuel flow.
If the mass (or mass rate) of a gas mixture is known, the mass
(or mass rate) of each constituent can be found as follows:
Mass of Constituent = Mass of Mixture X Mass % (4)
where:
J».y at Mass of Constituent/Mole of Mixture
Mass 70 — —————————^————————————
Molecular Weieht of Mixture
— — ————— ^— — — — — — — —
Molecular Weight of Mixture
and the mass of constituent/ mole of mixture is found from measured vol
umetric concentrations using equation (1).
j
B-3
-------
Now, the mass of carbon in any carbon compound can be calculated
knowing the mass of compound, the compound molecular weight, and the
number of carbon atoms per molecule, thusly:
Mass of Carbon = Mas{. of Compound
Compound
Molecular Weight of Carbon
Molecular Weight of Compound (6)
... Number of Carbon Atoms
j\
Molecule of Compound
Substituting equations (1). (4), and (5) in equation (6) gives the fol-
lowing equation for the mass of carbon from one compound:
Mass of Carbon m, , vr. ^ Vol. % of Comp. X Molecular Wt.of Carbon
_ = Mass of Mixture X ~.—: J TTT—:—r~—, »*•—I
Compound Molecular Weight of Mixture
Molecular Weight of Carbon Number of Carbon Atoms
Molecular Weight of Compound Molecule of Compound
Simplifying:
>/ f vt- * v Vol. % X Molecular Weight of C X No. of C Atoms (7)
_ Mass of Mixture X '- —— • P ———
Molecular Weight of Mixture
•
Obviously, the total carbon mass in the mixture is the sum of the
carbon mass from each of the carbon-bearing compounds. Thusly:
Mass of C in Mixture fMass of Mix. X Vol. %Comp. "1 XMol. Wt.of C X No. of CAtomsj
= V Molecular Weight of Mixture /
1
+/Mass of Mix.XVol.%Comp. 2X Mol. Wt. of C X No. of C Atorn^
\Molecular Weight of Mixture 7
f . 2
•K . .. +/Mass of Mix- x VoL %Comp. "n"X Mol. Wt. ofC X No. of C Atoms\
\ Molecular Weight of Mixture /
"n"
More concisely expressed:
».,.___ . r*~ u • it- ^ xx r \t- ,. v Molecular Weight of Carbon
Mass of Carbon in Mixture = Mass of Mixture X — o
Molecular Weight of Mixture
X JL |No. of Carbon Atoms in Compound (i) X Vol.% Compound (i)J
i ^ • 100 /
(8)
B-4
-------
J
J 1 Applying this equation to the fuel, the mass of carbon per hour into
the system from the fuel can be obtained from the known fuel composition,
I fuel molecular weight, and measured fuel flow.
i 2: Derivation of Expression for Mass of Carbon in Exhaust/Mole
I 1 of Exhaust
; Turning to the exhaust side of the system, an expression for mass
I • of carbon in exhaust/mole of exhaust using measured volumetric concen-
^- trations of CO, CO2- and hydrocarbons can be developed using equations
(1) and (4) above.
I i
i For any carbon compound, from equation (6) is:
=• . ; Mass of C from Compound-Mass of Compound X'x/ ,' ... ' T~^ T
j . Mol. Wt. of Compound
I . y Number of C Atoms
Molecule of Compound
1 j The mass of carbon from a compound per mole of exhaust is then:
i
1- Mass of C from Compound Mass of Compound Mol. Wt. of Carbon
j Mole of Exhaust ~ Mole of Exhaust X Mol. Wt. of Compound
1
!
j
J
Number of C Atoms
Molecule of Compound
Substituting equation (1) for Mass of Compound/mole of exhaust gives:
Mass of C from Compound _ Vol. % of Compound Vol. Wt. of Compound
Mole of Exhaust " 100
Mol. Wt. of Carbon
X
Mol. Wt. of Compound
Number of C Atoms
Molecule of Compound
Number of C Atoms Vol. % of Compound
= Molecule of Compound X 100 * X Mo1' Wt' of Carbon
The total carbon mass in the exhaust gas is assumed to be in the form
of CO, CO2- or measured hydrocarbon; therefore, the expression for the
^ total carbon mass/mole of exhaust is:
-------
Mass of Carbon in Exhaust . (Vol.% CO+Vol.% COz+Vol.% HC)
Mole of Exhaust 100
(9)
X Molecular Weight of Carbon
Note that Vol. % HC is expressed in percent carbon, so that there
is one carbon atom per molecule.
G^ General Equation for Emission Specie in Mass/Hr
Recall equation (2):
,, , Mass of Emission ,, Moles of Exhaust
Emission (Mass/hr) = Q{ ^^ X - - -
Substituting equation (1) for Mass/ Mole and equation (9) for moles
of exhaust/hr:
Emission(Mass/hr) a V°L % °* Emi»»ion X Mol. Wt. of Emission
/Mass of Carbon from Fuel)
\ hr /
(
Mass of Carbon from Exhaust \
Mole of Exhaust }
Substituting equation (8) for mass of carbon/hr and equation (9) for
Mass of Carbon from exhaust/mole of exhaust:
_ [Vol.% 1
" I 100 X Mol. Wt. of Emis sionj X
Mass of Fuel X Mol. Wt of C 5~ /%CorrpiXN3. of C Atom?
Mol. Wt. of Fuel i I 100 /
/
i I
Mol. Wt. of CyVol. %CO+Vol. %CO2+Vol. %HC
:yVol.
\ 100 100 100 / -
Simplifying and rearranging:
Vol.% Emission
Emission (Mass/hr) = Vol. %CO+Vol. %CO2+Vol.%HC X Mass of Fuel
(10)
J~ /(% Compound X No.of C Atoms)i|
X Molecular Weight of Emission X i V. 100 "~ /
Molecular Weight of Fuel
'JD. Application of General Equation to Emissions from Natural Gas
Fueled Combustion Sources
The composition of natural gas varies widely and often containes CO^
as well as other gases such as Hi. He, and N£- A gas analysis is, therefore,
B-6
-------
necessary to apply the total carbon method to natural gas fueled combustion
processes .
As an example, assume that the natural gas fuel contains CH^,
C3H16- H2- He< CC>2. and N2' "^ surrroation term in equation (10) would be:
_ /(%ComPoundXNo.C Atoms)iV
i I
100 / 100 \^ +5X%C5H12) +(6X%C6H14)+(lX%CO2)
The summation should include all carbon compounds in fuel whether
part of the combustion process or not. The molecular weight of the natural
gas is found by summing the product of the mole fraction of each constituent
and its molecular weight, for all the constituent gases in the fuel.
Molecular Weight = /%CH4 X 16. 04303 J + /%C7H<; X 30. 07012)
\100 ' V 100 /
+ /%CffHa X 44. 09721^+ /VoC^H, n X 58. 12430 j
, tM \100 J \ 100 /
I /?
\
+ /%CC.H12X 72.15139]+ /%CAHM X 86.17848)
\ 100 J \ 100 /
+ f%H2 X 2.01594 ] -t- /%He X 4.00260 )
\100 J UOO /
+ /%CO2 X 44. 0095 j +/%NoX 28.01340]
UOO j ViQO /
E- Application of the General Equation to Emissions from Gasoline
Fueled Combustion Sources
Since gasoline is the result of a refining and blending process, it is
a much more consistent product than natural gas and for all practical pur-
poses contains only liquid hudrocarbons.
While an analysis of gasoline fuel is not normally available, the
generally accepted hydrogen to carbon ratio for gasoline is 1.85. This
gives a mass fraction of carbon in gasoline of .86519.
It should be recognized that the summation term in equation (10)
divided by the fuel molecular weight, needs only to be multiplied by the
molecular weight of carbon to be an expression for the mass fraction of
carbon in the fuel. Therefore, the expression could be thought of as the
mass fraction of carbon in fuel divided by the molecular weight of carbon.
Substituting the appropriate numerical values in equation (10) gives
the equation for gasoline.
B-7
-------
Vol. % Emission v ., ,
Emission (Mass/hr) = VoL % CO+Vol. % CO2+Vol. % HC X Ma6S °f
X Molecular Weight of Emission X j|fooO (
As a further example, the equation for mass emissions of NOX
given in the Federal Register (Vol. 37. No."175, Friday, Sept. 8. 1972)
for heavy duty gasoline engines will be derived.
First, note that the Federal Register defines the term TC:
TC = Vol. % CO2 + Vol. % CO -I- (1.8 X 6 X % HC)
The constant multipliers 1.8 and 6 come from the fact that the
Federal procedure uses NDIR measurement with hydrocarbons expressed
as hexane, not a. flame ionization technique as assumed in this derivation.
From equation (11):
PPM NO
NOX (grams/hr) = 10000 X Fuel (grams/hr) X 46.0055 X .0721
TC
NOX (grams/hr) = 46" °° '' °721 NO (PPM) X Fuel
x N^
NOX (grams/hr) = 3.32 X 10'4 X NO (PPM) X Fuel (grams/hr>
TC
B-8
-------
APPENDIX A-7. EQUATIONS USED IN COMPUTER PROGRAM
A. Fuel Gas Calculation
1. The fuel gas molecular weight is calculated from the mole
percentages of each constituent in the actual fuel gas.
These percentages are obtained from the fuel gas analysis
taken during the on-site testing.
Fuel molecular wt. = .n - r-rr - x Molecular Wt. of n (11)
2. The fuel percent carbon, FPCTC, is calculated from the
mole percentages of each hydrocarbon component in the fuel
gas using the equation:
I (n x Mole % C H, „)
FPCTC = «- - " 2n+2 (12)
3. The hydrogen- to-carbon ratio, CHCR, in the case of natural
gas can be represented in two ways. The fuel hydrocarbon
hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the hydrocarbon components
only is used in the calculation of the mass exhaust emissions.
I (2n+2) x Mole % C H- _
CHCR = ^ - S_25±2
E (n x Mole % C H_ „)
n ^ n 2n+2'
The total fuel hydrogen-to-carbon ratio is a measure of all
of the hydrogen to all of the carbon in the fuel. This takes
into account the portions of diatomic hydrogen gas and carbon
dioxide which are in many fuel gases.
Total fuel hvdrogen-to- = H^(2n+2) X Mole % CnH2n^+(2 X Mole % H2)
carbon ratio _ / .
L (n x Mole % CnH2n+2) + Mole % CO2
4 . In the event that a lower heating value is not obtained with the
fuel gas analysis, this value is calculated using the equation:
Lower Heating Value = Higher Heating Value -
B25.21 X CHCR x I (n X Mole % C H, _)) X
n n ^n+z *
(U (2n+2) X Mole % C H ) + 2 x Mole %
--
(lOO - Mole % He - Mole % C02 - Mole % N2 - 0.87H
'• ((I Mole % CnH2n+2) x I ((2n+2) x Mole % cyi^) x 10o)]
A-17
-------
APPENDIX A-7 (CONTD). EQUATIONS USED IN COMPUTER PROGRAM
B. Calculation for Fuel Flow
1. The volumetric fuel flow is either calculated from the orifice
data using the equation
Where:
Q = Fuel flow, SCFH
C1 = Orifice Constant
h = Orifice differential pressure
P = Static Pressure, psia
or is taken directly from the data when another means of
measuring the fuel flow is used.
2. The fuel flow in Ibs/hr is calculated from the volumetric fuel
flow rate with the equation:
W = Q x SG x D
Where:
Wf = Fuel flow, Ibs/hr.
SG = Fuel gas specific gravity
D = 0.076487 Ibs/ft (density of air at standard conditions)
3. The fuel heat flow in Ibs/million BTU is obtained from the volumetric
fuel flow rate with the equation:
Q X HHV
Where:
Hf = Fuel heat flow, MIL BTU/SCF
HHV = Higher heating value , BTU/SCF
4. The brake specific fuel consumption is obtained from the equation:
H x 106
BSFC r-
HP
Where:
BSFC = the brake specific fuel consumption, BTU/HP-HR
HP = the engine brake horsepower
A-18
-------
APPENDIX A-7 (CONTD). EQUATIONS USED IN COMPUTER PROGRAM
C. Exhaust Emissions
The total carbon method of calculating mass exhaust emission
rates is based on the assumption that all of the carbon in
the exhaust comes from the fuel. The general equation for
mass emissions in terms of Ibs/hr is:
Volume %ExMWofExWfx FPCTC
E = TC~x MW of fuel (13)
Where:
E = Mass exhaust emission rate constituent under consid-
eration (i.e. HC, CO, or NO^)
Volume % E = the measured volumetric concentration of E
MW of E = molecular weight of E
= 46.0055 for NOX
= 12.01 + 1.008 SjSB. for HC
= 28.0106 for CO
FPCTC = Fuel percent carbon (equation 12)
TC = Total exhaust carbon (see below)*
FMW = Fuel molecular weight (equation 11)
The measured volumetric concentration of C.O is corrected for
the humidity at 34 °F from the condenser and for the CO_ removed
with the ascarite in the drying column. The equation is:
100 _ 100 - Volume % EQ02
Volume %
_
100 + Q-678 Too
Of all of the components present in the intake air, COj is
assumed to be the only compound present in significant quanti-
ties to affect the exhaust emissions in the carbon balance
calculation. This correction is applied because the ambient
species are not monitored. The carbon balance equation for
total exhaust carbon is expressed as:
0 33 x 180
*TC = Volume % CO. + Volume % CO + Volume % HC -
180 + Volume % C02
2. Fuel Specific Emissions
The mass emission rates are converted to fuel specific or heat
input emission rates using the equation:
FSE = E/Hf
Where:
FSE = the fuel specific emission, Ibs./MIL BTU
A-19
-------
APPENDIX A-7 (CONTD). EQUATIONS USED IN COMPUTER PROGRAM
3. Brake Specific Emissions
The brake specific or work output emissions can also be calculated
from the mass emission rates using the equation:
_ E X 453.6 g/lbs.
~~ WD
Where:
BSE = the brake specific emissions g/HP-HR
4. NOX Correction for 15% 02
The volumetric NOX emissions can also be expressed in terms of
15% 02 using the equation:
E x (20.9 - 15)
CNCL
x 20.9 - Volume % 02
Where:
CNOX = the corrected NOX concentration, ppm by volume
This takes into account the established oxygen content of the
air and the measured oxygen content of the exhaust. The value
is then corrected to an assumed oxygen level of 15% in the
exhaust.
5. The exhaust gas mass flow rate in Ibs/hr. is the sum of all
of the mass flow rates of the components in the exhaust:
Exhaust Flow = NOX mass (Ibs/hr.) + C02 mass (Ibs/hr.) +
HC mass (Ibs/hr.) + CO mass (Ibs/hr.) +
O2 mass (Ibs/hr.) + H2O mass (Ibs/hr.)* +
N2 + Ar mass (Ibs/hr.)*
6. The exhaust specific gravity is obtained from the exhaust gas
mass flow rate and the molecular weight of air (28.9644) with
the equation:
„ , ^ .„. .^ Exhaust Flow
Exhaust specific gravity = —-r—•
2o • ,
7. The exhaust velocity in ft/sec, is determined from the exhaust
gas mass flow rate and the measured area of the stack with the
equation:
Exhaust flow (Ibs/hr.)
Exhaust velocity
AREA X VOLUME (corrected) x 3600 sec/hr.
A-20
-------
ll
APPENDIX A-7 (CONTD). EQUATIONS USED IN COMPUTER PROGRAM
D. Airflow Calculations
The airflow is not a measured value. It is calculated from the
measured composition of the exhaust gas, the calculated water vapor
content of the exhaust and the remainder is nitrogen and argon in
the same proportion to each other as in air.
1. The determination of percent water in the exhaust is not a
measured quantity. It is calculated from the water content of
the intake air and the water produced from combustion by a
double pass through these equations in the computer program:
100 DC + Hi (100 - H?)
% H,0 = —
^ 100 + DC - H2
Where:
% H20 = the percent water in the exhaust
r\/~> HCRT f r*r\ r*r\ 0.033 AFR\
H]_ = Exhaust water content due to inlet air
H X MWR X AFR X 100
1 ~ (7000 + AH) X (1 + AFR)
H2 = Exhaust water content of sample conditioned at 34°F
assuming 100% relative humidity.
= 0.678
HCRT = Total fuel hydrogen to carbon ratio
AFR = Air to fuel ratio
H = Absolute or specific humidity
2. The mole fraction of nitrogen/argon combination is determined
using the equation:
Mole Percent (N2 + Ar) = 100 - 0.678 - Mole % H20 + Mole % O2 +
Mole % C02 + Mole % CO + Mole % HC + Mole % NOV
X
3. The mass flow rate of water in the exhaust is calculated from
equation (13) :
E _ %H20 X MW of H20 X Wf x FPCTC X (100 - 0.678)
w =
TC X (100 - % H2O) X MW of fuel
Where:
Ew = the mass flow rate of water, Ibs/hr.
A-21
-------
APPENDIX A-7 (CONTD). EQUATIONS USED IN COMPUTER PROGRAM
4. The mass flow rate of the nitrogen/argon in the exhaust is
determined with equation 13 where the molecular weight reflects
the proportion of argon in the air (i.e., 28.159).
5. The air mass flow rate is the difference between the exhaust mass
flow rate and the fuel mass flow rate in Ibs/hr.
Mass Airflow (Ibs/hr.) = Exhaust Flow (Ibs/hr.) - Wf
6. The air to fuel ratio is then calculated from the mass airflow
rate using the equation:
_ Mass airflow (Ibs/hr.)
Wf
7. The absolute humidity is calculated with a series of equations.
The vapor pressure at the wet and dry bulbs are calculated from
the Wexler and Greenspan equation.
10 i 3
P = exp (B Hn T + E F; T )
i=l
Where P = saturation vapor pressure of water at the wet or dry
bulb temperature in pascals
B = -12.150799
T as wet or dry bulb temperature in °K
FI = -8.49922 x 103
F2 = -7.4231865 X 103
F3 = 96.1635147
F4 = 2.4917646 X 10~2
F5 = -1.3160119 X 10~5
F6 = -1.1460454 x 10"8
F7 = 2.1701289 X 10"11
FQ = -3.610258 X 10~15
IS
F9 = 3.8504519 X 10
' FIQ = -1.4317 X 10~21
The partial pressure of the water vapor is then determined from
"Ferrels equation."
PV = PWB - o.oooeeo (TDB - T^) BP [1+0.00115 (T^ - 273.15)]
Where Pv = partial pressure of the water vapor in pascals
P._ _ saturation vapor pressure of water at the wet bulb temperature
Wo ~
T = dry bulb temperature
A-Z2
-------
APPENDIX A-7 (CONTD). EQUATIONS USED IN COMPUTER PROGRAM
T = wet bulb temperature
Wo
BP = barometric pressure
The relative humidity, RH, is computed from the partial pressure
of the water vapor and the saturation vapor pressure at the dry
bulb temperature, ?„, with the equation:
DB
m (Pv) (100)
PDB
The specific or absolute humidity on the dry basis of the intake
air is defined as
(15)
BP - Pv
Where H = specific or absolute humidity
_ 0.6220 g H^O 453.6 g/Ib_
g/dry air 0.0648 g/gr
The absolute humidity can also be determined from the relative
humidity. This equation is a rearrangement of equation (14).
P.
V
(PDB)
100
This value for the partial pressure of the water vapor is entered
into equation (15) to determine the absolute humidity.
E. Miscellaneous Calculation
1. The exhaust duct or stack area is calculated from the measured
dimensions of the duct or stack. The equation for a rectangular
exhaust duct is
Area = length x width
If the exhaust stack is circular, the area is determined with
the equation
Area = C (diameter)
Where C = —
4
2. A means of verifying the measured oxygen concentration in the
exhaust was incorporated into the computer program. The oxygen
content of the exhaust is tied up in the combustion products, i.e.
C02/ CO, NOx and H20 as well as the excess oxygen. The total
measured oxygen content is
A-23
-------
r
APPENDIX A-7 (CONTD). EQUATIONS USED IN COMPUTER PROGRAM
E ,„ X ( ppm N00 X MW of 0- + ppm NO X AW OF O)
"Ox +
Measured % 02 - (ppm NO2 + ppm NO) x MW of N02
E X MW of 02 ECO X AW of 0 EH Q X AW of 0
MW of C02+ MW of CO + E02 + MW of H20
This is compared to the oxygen content calculated from the intake
air. This calculation assumes a correct value for CO- in the
fuel and in the exhaust and the calculated value for the absolute
humidity. The equation is:
Mass Airflow x 7000 x 0.2318
Calculated % 0- = — • +
2 AH x 7000
Mass Airflow X AH X 0.8881 +
AH X 7000
Mole % C02(fUel) X MW of 02 X Wf
FMW
The oxygen balance is the percent difference between the measured
and the calculated percent oxygen.
measured % 02 - calculated % 02
Oxygen balance = x 100
measured % 02
The computer program then calculates the correct oxygen value
assuming that the C02, CO, and NO and NOX concentration have
been measured correctly.
„. „ „ (100 - 0.678) x AFR x Exhaust Specific gravity x 7000_
Correct % O2 = % 02 X (100 - % H2O) X (AFR + 1) x (7000 + AH)
f., -, a r. 0.033 X AFRj,
X (Volume % E - 1 + M|R )J-
HCRT , a _
x Volume % E
[(0.5
. 0.5 X
Mole % COJfuel)
»
Volume % x SG(fuel)
The equation is based on a constant oxygen concentration in
the intake (assumed) and the measured values for each of the
oxygen containing emissions. It is a good cross check for the
measured oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in the exhaust
because these are the two major oxygen containing compounds in
the exhaust. The water concentration is also included which is
calculated from the measured intake humidity and the calculated
exhaust moisture content.
A-24
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX U
ANNUBAR FLOW CALCULATIONS
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
ANNUBARFLOW CALCULATIONS
Supplied by Dietrich Standard
263
-------
Dieterich Standard ANNUBAR Flow Calculation
Item: 7
10-JAN-94
Reference no: EXH1 Item: 7 P.O.:
Customer: REP Tag:
Fluid: Stack gas Serial no:
Model: DCR-25 HA2 CB2SS
Pipe Size: I.D.= 9.760 Wall
.120
O.D.
10.000
Inche
D.P. Eq*n 2.4 REV 1.0 Gas — Volume Rate of Flow 6 STD Cond
2
C*= Ena x K x D x Fra x Ya x Fpb x Ftb x Ftf x Fg x Fpv x Fm
x. Faa x Fl
nw
i ( QS) 2
x ( - )
Pf ( c*)
i m
QS «= c* x V nw x P
Description
Term Value
Units
Units 'Conversion Factor '
ANNUBAR Flow Coefficient
Internal Pipe Diameter
.Base Pressure Factor
'Base "Temperature -Factor
Specific Gravity Factor
Manometer . Factor
Gage 'location Factor
Fna
K
D
Fpb
Ftb
Fg
Fn
Fl
5.6362
.6242
9.76
1
1
1.0011
1
1
inches
6 14.73 PSIA
% 60 F
SG = .9978
MAX
NORM
MIN
• Flowrate
Calculation Constant
Pipe Reynolds Number
Reynolds Number Factor
Gas Expansion Factor
Flowing Viscosity
Flowing Temperature
Flowing Temp Factor
Supercmprss. Factor
Thermal Expansion Factor
Flowing Pressure
Differential Pressure
QS
C1
RD
Fra
Ya
uf
•Tf
Ftf
Fpv
Faa
Pf
hw
3100
226.033
0
1
.9965
12.9
1856
226.532
0
1
.9987
0
700
.6694
1
1.01
14.559
4.61
680
226.781
0
1
.9998
.618
SCFM
Centipc
F
PSIA
in H20
* - Indicates Manual Override
Customer Design P & T:
Max Allowable DP:
Flow at Max Allowable DP:
Natural Frequency:
Max'Allowable Pressure:
and Temperature:
LIMITS
10
194
11400
397
810
850
in Hg §60F & 900
in H20 6 900
SCFM
CPS
PSIG § 850
F
F
F
CAUTION Model Temp limit exceeded
CAUTION Mounting Hardware required
CAUTION CMH or LMH Req'd, Std=1.313n
-------
Dieterich Standard ANNUBAR Flow Calculation
10-JAN-94
Reference no: EGRl Item: 8 P.O.:
Customer: REP Tag:
Fluid: Stack gas Serial no:
Model: DCR-15 HA1 CB1 MP2
Pipe Size: 4"SCH 40
V
D.P. Eqxn 2.4 REV 1.0 Gas — Volume Rate of Flow 6 STD Cond
2
CA= Fna x K x D x Fra x Ya x Fpb x Ftb x Ftf x Fg x Fpv x Fm
x Faa x, Fl
fcw
Pf
Description
Term
Value
Units
Units Conversion Factor
ANNUBAR Flow Coefficient
Internal Pipe Diameter
Base Pressure Factor Fpb
"Base Temperature .Factor
Specific Gravity Factor
Manometer .Factor
Gage Location Factor
Fna
K
D
Ftb
Fg
Fn
Fl
5.6362
.6235
4.026
- 1
1
1
1
1
inch-
e
§
SG
MAX
Flowrate
Calculation Constant
Pipe Reynolds: Number
Reynolds Number .Factor
Gas Expansion Factor
Flowing "Viscosity
Flowing Temperature
FJLowing Temp Tactor
Sjipercmprss. Factor
Thermal Expansion Factor
Flowing Pressure
Differential Pressure
* - Indicates Manual Override
Customer Design P & T:
Hax Allowable DP:
Flow at Max Allowable DP:
Natural Frequency:
Max 'Allowable Pressure:
and Temperature:
LIMITS
4
160
2180
633
865
775
14.73
60
1.0000
PSIA
F
NORM
MIN
Qs
C*
RD
Fra
Ya
uf
Tf
Ftf
Fpv
Faa
Pf
hw
600
47.1112
0
1
.997
11.1
150
47.2435
0
1
.9998
0
300
.8271
1
1.003
14.559
.692
0
0
0
1
.9967
0
SCFM
Centipoise
F
PSIA
in H2O
in Eg 660F 6 700
in H2O § 700
SCFM
CPS
PSIG 6 700
F
F
F
-------
Dieterich Standard ANNUBAR Flow Calculation
10-JAN-94
Reference no: AIR2
Customer: REP
Fluid: Air
Model: DCR-25
Item:
HA2
2 P.O.:
Tag:
Serial no:
CA2 MP4
D.P. Eq»n 2.4 REV 1.0 Gas — Volume -Rate of Flow § STD Cond
2
C*= Fna x K x D x Fra x Ya x Fpb x Ftb x Ftf x Fg x Fpv x Fm
- x Faa x -Fl
1
.bw =
%' ' *f
( Qs) 2
x ( - )
( C')
/-
-------
Dieterich Standard ANNUBAR Flow Calculation
10-JAN-94
Reference no: AIR1 Item: 1 P.O.:
Customer: REP Tag:
Fluid: Air Serial no:
Model: DCR-25 HA2 CA2 MP4
Pipe Size: 8"SCH 40
D.'P. Eq*n 2.4 REV 1.0 Gas — Volume Rate of Flow § STD Cond
x^-^s -s2 * r v x -s. J- *
c%=
-------
Dieterich Standard ANNUBAR Flow Calculation
10-JAN-94
Reference no: AIR3
Customer: REP
Fluid: Air
Model: DCR-25
Item:
HA2
3 P.O.:
Tag:
Serial no:
CA2 MP4
D.P. Eg*n 2.4 REV 1.0 Gas — Volume Rate of Flow § STD Cond
2
C*= Fna x K x D x Fra x Ya x Fpb x Ftb x Ftf x Fg x Fpv x Fm
x Faa x Fl
.nw
1
Pf
( Qs) 2
( - )
Qs = C* x \/ hw x Pf
Description
Term Value
Units
Units -Conversion Factor
ANNUBAR Flow Coefficient
Internal Pipe Diameter
. Base Pressure Factor
Base Temperature Factor
.Specific Gravity Factor
•Manometer Factor
Cage Location Factor
Fna
.K
D
Fpb
•Ftb
Fg
Fn
Fl
5.6362
,6173
7.981
1
1
1
1
1
inches
e
@
SG =
14.73 PSIA
60 F
1.0000
MAX
- Flowrate
Calculation Constant
Pipe Reynolds Number
Reynolds Number Factor
Gas Expansion Factor
Flowing Viscosity
Flowing Temperature
Flowing Temp Factor
Super cmprss. Factor
Thermal Expansion Factor
Flowing Pressure
Differential Pressure
Qs
C*
RD
Fra
Ya
uf
Tf
Ftf
Fpv
Faa
Pf
hw
3000
204.471
0
1
.9984
9.61
NORM
1775
204.696
0
1
.9995
0
150
.9232
1
1.001
22.395
3.36
MIN
680 SCFM
204.778
0
1
.9999
Centipois*
F
PSIA
.492 in H2O
* - Indicates Manual Override
Customer Design P & T:
Max Allowable DP:
Flow at Max Allowable DP:
Natural Frequency:
Max'Allowable Pressure:
and Temperature:
LIMITS
20
327
16600
508
1340
600
in Hg €60F &
in H2O 6
SCFM
GPS
PSIG 6
F
150
150
150
F
F
-------
Dieterich Standard ANNUBAR Flow Calculation
Item: 6
10-JAN-94
Reference no: AIR6 Item: 6 P.O.:
Customer: REP Tag:
Fluid: Air Serial no:
Model: DCR-25 HA2 CA2 MP4
Pipe Size: I.D.= 13.720 Wall
.140
O.D.= 14.000
Inche
D.P. Eq*n 2.4 REV 1.0 Gas — Volume Rate of Flow @ STD Cond
2
Cx= Fna x K x D x Fra x Ya x Fpb x Ftb x Ftf x Fg x Fpv x Fm
x Faa x Fl
hw « x ( - ) Qs = C* x V hw x Pf
Pf. ( Cx)
Description ' Term
Units Conversion Factor Fna
ANNUBAR Flow Coefficient K
Internal "Pipe Diameter D
Base. Pressure Factor Fpb
Base Temperature Factor Ftb
Specif ic -Gravity Factor Fg
Manometer Factor Fn
Gage Location Factor Fl
Flowrate Qs
Calculation Constant Cx
Pipe Reynolds Number RD
Reynolds .Number- Factor Fra
Gas Expansion Factor Ya
Flowing Viscosity -uf
Flowing Temperature Tf
Flowing Temp Factor Ftf
Supercmprss. Factor Fpv
Thermal Expansion Factor Faa
Flowing Pressure Pf
Differential Pressure hw
* - Indicates Manual Override
Customer Design P & T:
Max Allowable DP:
Flow at Max Allowable DP:
Natural Frequency:
Max 'Allowable Pressure:
and Temperature:
Value
5.6362
.6328
13.72
1
1
1
1
1
MAX
3000
641.096
0
1
.9998
.978
LIMITS
40
125
33100
230
1420
600
Units
inches
6 14.73 PSIA
§ 60 F
SG = 1.0000
NORM MIN
1775 680 SCFM
641.16 641.224
0 0
1 1
.9999 1
0 Centipoise
110 F
.9551
1
1
22.395 PSIA
.342 .0502 in H20
in Hg §60F & no F
in H2O 6 110 F
SCFM
CPS
PSIG e no F
F
CAUTION Low DP warning § Min. flow
-------
Dieterich Standard -ANNUBAR Flow Calculation
10-JAN-94
Reference no: AIR4 Item: 4 P.O.:
Customer: REP Tag:
Fluid: Air Serial no:
Model: DCR-25 HA2 CA2 MP4
pipe siz"40
D.P. Eq*n 2.4 REV 1.0 Gas — Volume Rate of Flow @ STD Cond
2
C*= Fna x K x D x Fra x Ya x Fpb x Ftb x Ftf x Fg x Fpv x Fm
x Faa x Fl
1 ( QS) 2
fcw = ' x { - )
pf c CM
/
Qs = Cx x V hw x Pf
Description
Term Value
Units
tJnits <3onversion Factor
ANNUBAR Flow Coefficient
Internal Pipe Diameter
Base Pressure Factor
Base Temperature Factor
Specific Gravity Factor
Manometer Factor
Gage Ixacation Factor
Fna
K
D
Fpb
Ftb
Fg
Fn
Fl
5^6362
.6173
7.981
' 1
1
1
1
1
inci
6
§
Si
MAX
NORM
14.73
60
1.0000
MIN
PSIA
F
Flowrate
Calculation Constant
Pipe Reynolds Number
.Reynolds Number Factor
Gas Expansion Factor
Flowing Viscosity
Flowing Temperature
Flowing -Temp .Factor
Supercmprss. Factor
Thermal Expansion Factor
Flowing Pressure
Differential Pressure
* — Indicates Manual Override
Qs
c*
RD
Fra
Ya
uf
Tf
Ftf
Fpv
or Faa
Pf
hw
3000
210.944
0
1
.9966
13.9
1775
211.41 21
0
1
.9988
0
110
.9551
1
1
14.559
4.84
680 SCFM
.621
0
1
9998
Centipoise
F
PSIA
.709 in H2O
Customer Design P & T:
Max Allowable DP:
Flow at Max Allowable DP:
Natural Frequency:
Max'Allowable Pressure:
and Temperature:
LIMITS
20
327
13400
508
1420
600
in Hg @60F & no
in H20 § no
SCFM
CPS
PSIG e 110
F
F
F
-------
Dieterich Standard ANNUBAR Flow Calculation
10-JAN-94
Reference no: AIRS Item: 5 P.O.:
Customer: REP Tag:
Fluid: Air Serial no:
Model: DCR-25 HA2 CA2 MP4
Pipe Size: 8"SCH 40
fecss.
D.P. Eg^n 2.4 REV 1.0 Gas — Volume Rate of Flow @ STD Cond
2
Cx= Fna x K x D x Fra x Ya x Fpb x Ftb x Ftf x Fg x Fpv x Fm
x Faa x Fl
1 ( Qs) 2
hw = x ( - )
P£ ( C*)
QS = C' X V
x Pf
Description
Term Value
Units
Onits Conversion Factor
ANNUBAR Flow Coefficient
Internal Pipe Diameter
Base. Pressure Factor
Base Temperature Factor
Specific Gravity Factor
Manometer Factor
Gage "Location Factor
Fna
K
D
Fpb
Ftb
Fg
Fn
Fl
5.6362
.6173
7.981
1
1
1
1
1
inches
e 14.73 PSIA
§ 60 F
SG = 1.0000
MAX
NORM
KIN
Flowrate
Calculation Constant
Pipe Reynolds Number
Reynolds Number Factor
Gas Expansion Factor
Flowing Viscosity
Flowing Temperature
Flowing Temp Factor
Supercmprss . Factor
Thermal Expansion Factor
Flowing Pressure
Differential Pressure
Qs
C*
RD
Fra
Ya
uf
Tf
Ftf
Fpv
Faa
Pf
hw
3000
211.515
0
1
.9993
6.25
1775
211.621
0
1
.9998
0
110
.9551
1
1
32.191
2.19
680
211.664
0
1
1
.321
SCFM
Centip<
F
PSIA
in H20
* - Indicates Manual Override
Customer Design P & T:
Max Allowable DP:
Flow at Max Allowable DP:
Natural Frequency:
Max'Allowable Pressure:
and Temperature:
LIMITS
40
327
20900
508
1420
600
in Kg §60F &
in H20 e
SCFM
GPS
PSIG ft
F
110
110
HO
F
F
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX V
ADDITIONAL CALCULATIONS
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
CALCULATIONS AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
This section describes the calculation methodology and parameter terminology employed
throughout the test program and the data reduction phase. Where possible industry standards
were used, when not possible, equations were developed using fundamental physical laws and
relationships. The information is presented by grouping related subjects under the following
headings:
• General Engine
• General Emissions
• Cylinder Pressure and Combustion Stability
• Calculated Combustion Parameters
GENERAL ENGINE
The following sections provide descriptions of the terms used to describe the engine
performance, detail the derivation of the calculations used, and explain the methods by which
the primary analysis tools were developed.
Torque
During testing, % torque was used as the basis for specifying engine load rather than
horsepower. This is a result of the dependence of the horsepower calculation on engine
speed. Due to its fundamental relationship to the force being generated by the engine,
torque is a more direct, or primary, measurement of engine output. By utilizing torque,
we were able to specify constant torque settings at which to test the different engine
speeds required per the test matrix (i.e. 100% torque at 300, 270 rpm, etc.).
Engine torque was measured by means of a calibrated load cell. The energy generated
by the engine was absorbed by the water brake dynamometer in terms of torque. The
measured torque was then converted to engine horsepower.
Horsepower
Engine horsepower was determined by direct measurement of engine torque. The
calculation for converting torque to BHP is as follows:
BHP = (Torque x Rpm)/ 5252
Where:
BHP = Brake Horsepower
Torque = Foot Pounds force
RPM = Revolutions Per Minute
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
Fuel Flow
Fuel flow was measured with an orifice plate installed on the fuel line leading to the
engine. Differential pressure, suction pressure, and temperature were monitored and flow
calculated. The equations used are:
C = FbxFpbxFtbxFgxFtfxFrxY2xFpvxFm
0 -
^"' 60
Where:
Qh = quantity of flow at base conditions, - —
hr
Qtm = quantity of flow at base conditions, SCFM
C' = orifice flow constant
Fb = basic orifice flow factor
Fpb = pressure base factor
Ftb = temperature base factor
Fg = specific gravity factor
Ftf = flowing temperature factor
Fr = Reynolds number factor
Y2 = expansion factor (pressure from downstream tap}
Fpv = super compressibility factor
Fm = manometer factor
hw = differential pressure, in. H2O
Pf = static pressure, psia
ref: Orifice Meter Constants, Handbook E-2 (Based on AGA Report No. 3) by H.V.
Beck, American Meter Company (1955)
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC)
The BSFC is used to provide a measure of the general combustion efficiency of the
engine. It allows one to see the unit of fuel energy input per horsepower output.
BHP
where: LHV = Lower Heating Value of fuel gas [btu/scf]
Qh = Fuel Flow [scf/hr]
Cylinder Exhaust Temperatures
The exhaust temperatures were measured at the exhaust elbow immediately downstream
of each power cylinder.
GENERAL EMISSIONS
Raw Emissions Levels
The raw emissions levels are provided in parts per million (ppm) as measured in the
exhaust stream for NOx, CO, and THC. The O2 and CO2 levels are expressed in terms
of % exhaust flow. This is standard within most industries, and how the emissions
levels are output by the analyzers themselves.
Exhaust Flow
Three methods were used to calculate the exhaust flow: EPA 40 CFR part 60 method
19, a carbon balance method, and flow calculations based annubar flow measurements.
Method 19 utilizes the measured excess O2 in the exhaust stream, fuel flow, and the
basic stoichiometric chemical relationships of natural gas combustion to calculate total
exhaust flow.
209
Exhaust Flow = ffuei x GCVj x Fd x ( - : - ) [scfm]
20.9 -%(h J
Where: Exhaust _ Flow = [scfm]
f/uei = Fuel Flow [scfm]
Fd = fuel specific F-factor [scf/mmbtu]
Fd = IE6 x [(Kc x %Q + (KM x %H) +
(Kn X %Nl) - (Ko X %02)] H- GCV
% X = concentration of constituent X from an ultimate fuel
analysis, weight percent
£c = 1.53[scf71bm/%]
Khd = 3.64 [scf/lbm/%]
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
Kn= 0.14[scf/lbm/%]
Ko = 0.46 [scf/lbm/%]
GCVj = Gross Calorific Value of the fuel [btu/lbm]
GCV/ = HHV + p f
HHV = Higher Heating Value of fuel [btu/scf]
p f = fuel density [Ibm/scf]
%02 = % 62 in exhaust stream
The carbon balance method is derived from conservation of mass and based on the
premise that all carbon compounds in the exhaust derive from the fuel and the addition
of normal atmospheric CO2. The carbon balance calculations are presented in Appendix
T of this document.
Flow measurements were taken on the exhaust flow from the engine. A dedicated
Annubar flow measurement device was used to measure the flow. Annubar flow
calculations are presented in Appendix U of this report.
Air Flow
Two methods were used to calculate the engine air flow: a carbon balance method, and
flow calculations based annubar flow measurements. The carbon balance method is
derived from conservation of mass and based on the premise that all carbon compounds
in the exhaust derive from the fuel and the addition of normal atmospheric CC>2. The
carbon balance calculations are presented in Appendix T of this document.
Flow measurements were taken on the exhaust flow from the engine. A dedicated
Annubar flow measurement device was used to measure the flow. Annubar flow
calculations are presented in Appendix U of this report.
NOX Concentration - Corrected to 15% C>2
In many regulatory documents, the NOx emissions are required to be presented after
being normalized to 15% O2 in the exhaust stream. This allows a fair relative
comparison of emissions levels between different applications.
(M?.)x (20.9 -15.0)
NOx(\5%) =
(20.9-
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
Emissions Mass Flow
Emissions mass flow for NOx, CO, and THC are provided in two forms: on a mass per
time basis [Ibm/hr], and a mass per unit load [gm/bhp-hr]. Like the C>2 corrected NOx
concentration, the mass emissions presentation is to satisfy the variability in
environmental regulatory rules.
Mass Emissions [Ibm/hr]
This presentation method provides a view of the total mass (in pounds-mass)
emissions being generated per hour of unit operation. It is independent of the
load at which the unit is operating.
_ _ _ 20.9 . GCVj
Em = Cd X F.d X X Oh X
(20.9-%02) IE6
where: £„ = pollutant emissions rate [Ibm/hr]
Cd = pollutant concentration [Ibm/scf]
for CO, Cd = (ppmCO) x 7.268£ - 8
for NOX, Cd = (ppmNO*) x 1.194 £ - 7
Brake Specific Emissions [g/bhp-hr]
This presentation method provides a view of the total mass (in grams) emissions
being generated per horsepower-hour. It can be thought of as an emissions
efficiency indicator. By definition, it takes the operating engine load into
account.
_ (Em x 453.6)
higm —
BHP
where: Egm = pollutant emissions rate [g/bhp-hr]
\_lbm = 453.6_ grams
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
CYLINDER PRESSURE AND COMBUSTION STABILITY
The cylinder combustion pressure of each power cylinder was measured by a piezo electric
pressure sensor mounted directly into the air start port of each cylinder head. These were
specifically installed for use by the Woodward combustion analysis system (CAS) and the DSP
redline combustion analysis system. The pressure sensors provided pressure information which
was then matched to the crankshaft position at which it occurred. From these pressure-crank
angle traces the combustion analysis systems , the CAS and the DSP redline, determined the
peak pressure, location of peak pressure, indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), etc.
Peak Pressure (PP)
Peak pressure is defined as the maximum combustion pressure that occurs during each
engine revolution. In two-stroke cycle engines, the PP can be a volatile parameter. Even
in a well balanced, stable engine, the cycle to cycle PP can fluctuate dramatically.
Maintaining similar peak pressures between power cylinders translates to a well
balanced engine optimized for exhaust emissions and fuel consumption.
Standard Deviation of Peak Pressure
One of the first signs of combustion instability can be an increase in the standard
deviation of peak pressure. Cylinder to cylinder imbalance, cylinder misfire, and other
combustion related events can cause an increase in the standard deviation of peak
pressure. Additionally, the peak pressure spread is the difference between the highest
power cylinder average peak pressure, and the lowest power cylinder average peak
pressure. It provides a very simple look at the relative balance of an engine.
Location of Peak Pressure (LPP)
Location of peak pressure is the crank angle at which the peak pressure occurs. When no
combustion occurs, the location of peak pressure will be at the cylinder thermodynamic
top dead center (TDC). When combustion is present, the pressure will rise during
combustion to some maximum after TDC, and then fall as the increasing cylinder
volume overcomes the combustion effect on pressure.
Standard Deviation of Location of Peak Pressure
When combustion becomes unstable, the standard deviation of location of peak pressure
increases. When an engine is operating in a state of continuous misfire, the location of
peak pressure may move toward TDC, falsely indicating improved combustion. When
looked at in conjunction with the STDV of LPP, the erratic operation of the engine is
seen through the increase in the standard deviation. In addition, the location of peak
pressure spread is the difference between the earliest average power cylinder LPP, and
the latest average power cylinder LPP. The STDV of LPP can, in some cases, provide
insight into the relative misfire rate of the engine.
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP)
Indicated mean effective pressure is a measure of the total amount of work performed by
a cylinder during a single cycle. Calculation of IMEP requires that a pressure-volume
relationship be determined during each cycle. The area within this p-V curve is the total
amount of indicated work done by that cylinder during that cycle. The IMEP is then
calculated by numerically integrating the p-V diagram.
IMEP = \pdV
CALCULATED COMBUSTION PARAMETERS
Air/fuel ratio is a commonly referenced engine (combustion) parameter used to correlate certain
performance and emissions characteristics. Generically, the term is defined as the mass ratio of
air to fuel involved in the combustion process. Although the term is sometimes used by
considering the engine as a black box and calculating the total air and fuel mass flows.
Total Air/Fuel Ratio
Total air/fuel ratio is an air/fuel ratio based on the total mass through the engine. This is
a ratio of the mass of the total air flow through the engine (trapped + scavenging) to the
mass of the fuel flow.
Trapped Air/Fuel Ratio
To make proper use of air/fuel ratio as an indicator of performance and, particularly,
emissions, one must consider the ratio that is actually trapped in the cylinder during
combustion. While the measurement of trapped air/fuel ratio is a difficult and
impractical task, with certain engineering assumptions and supporting experimental data,
a calculation methodology exists to obtain a correlation adequate for relative
comparisons. 1
Rs
1 Taylor, Charles Fayette, Internal Combustion Engine in Theory and Practice-Volume 1. The M.I.T. Press,
Cambridge, Mass., 1985
Emissions Testing ~ ' Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
—7?
e* = 1 — e (assumes perfect mixing)
Where: AF' = Trapped Air/Fuel Ratio
AF = Total Air/Fuel Ratio
Rs = Scavenging Ratio
d = Scavenging Efficiency
m" air - Mass Flow of Air [Ibm/min.]
m" / = Mass Flow of Fuel [Ibm/min.]
PS = Scavenging Air Density [lbm/ft.3] (at Air Manifold
Temperature and Exhaust Manifold Pressure)
N - Engine Speed [rpm]
Vi = Trapped Volume [ft3]
Peak Combustion Temperature
In order to investigate further into the combustion event, the peak combustion
temperatures can be calculated. This allows a more direct analysis and comparison of
data by removing the variations caused by fluctuating engine and ambient conditions.
This type of analysis is particularly useful when studying parameters that are highly
dependent upon temperature (i.e. NOX formation). The peak combustion temperature
calculations are based on the ideal gas law and are therefore limited regarding absolute
accuracy, however they provide an excellent means for relative comparisons between
data gathered on a particular source.
PV = mRT Ideal Gas Law TP= "' PP Ideal Gas Law
m,R
nit = niair +fflf + nir
,r = AF'x —
mj =
m"f
N
r Mr , /i \
f = — = 1 - es :.mr = mi-(\- e*)
mi
This makes the following assumptions:
1. The air/fuel ratio is essentially equal to the air/fuel ratio plus one.
2. The cylinder pressure at the start of the compression stroke is equal to the exhaust
manifold pressure.
3. The temperature of the gases in the cylinder at the start of compression is equal to
the temperature in the air manifold.
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
4. The peak combustion temperature variation between cylinders is small enough to
treat the NOx vs. Temperature relationship as linear.
Where: P = Pressure [psi]
PP= Peak Pressure [psi]
V = Volume [ft3]
Vpp — Volume at Peak Pressure [ft3]
mi = total trapped mass [lb.]
mair= mass of trapped air [lb.]
mj = mass fuel [lb.]
mr = mass residual gases [lb.]
T= Temperature [R]
Tp= Temperature at Peak Press. [R]
R= Ideal Gas Constant
/= residual fraction
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX W
COMPILATION OF EMISSIONS DATA FOR
STATIOEVARY RECIPROCATING GAS ENGINES
AND GAS TURBINES IN USE BY AMERICAN
GAS ASSOCIATION MEMBER COMPANIES
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Post Office Drawer 28510, 6220 Culebra Road
San Antonio, Texas 78284
COMPILATION OF EMISSIONS DATA FOR
STATIONARY RECIPROCATING GAS ENGINES
AND GAS TURBINES IN USE BY AMERICAN
GAS ASSOCIATION MEMBER COMPANIES
by
Charles M. Urban
PROJECT PR-15-86
Prepared for
Pipeline Research Committee
of the
American Gas Association
Issued March 1978
Revised December 1978
Revised May 1980
Approved:
Karl J. Springer, Director
Department of Emissions Research
Automotive Research Division
-------
c
This manual was furnished to the American Gas Association by Southwest
Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas at the request of American Gas Asso-
ciation in fulfillment of Pipeline Research Committee Project PR-15-86. The
contents of this manual are furnished as received from the contractor. The
opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed are those of the authors and
not necessarily those of the American Gas Association. Mention of the com-
pany or product names is not to be considered an endorsement by the American
Gas Association or by Southwest Research Institute.
C
DESCRIPTION OF REVISIONS
Revised December 1978 - Changed format to add three lines of additional data
and the NOTE. Corrected 02 values.
Revised May 1980 - Added data generated in A.G.A. Project PR-15-92. These
data included 55 reciprocating gas engines and 11 gas
turbines that were tested during 1979 and 1980.
A.G.A. Catalog No. L51390
Price §60.00
-------
IS
COOPER-BESSEMER GMV-TF
05/01/80
ENGINE TEST 122, TEST SITE 2? EXHAUST STACK AREA so. FT. ,s?2
COOPEK-F>ESSEMER GMV-TF RATED linn HP AT 300 RPM, 2-STROKE NA
SOURCE: PR 15-92 HCR-3.83 NOX-CLH CO-NDIR HC- FJD 02-POL FLOW-C8
HUN
DATE
TIME
OPERATIONAL DATA
BAROMETER, IN. MG.
AMBIENT TEMP. DEG. F
INLET MAN. TEMP DEG. F
EXHAUST VEL. FT/SEC
SP. HUMIDITY GRAIN/IF*
ENGINE: SPEED RP*
HORSEPOWER
SCAV. AIR PKES. IN.HG.
IGNI1. TIME DEG. 5TOC
FUEL SP. GR. (STP)
HI HFAT VALUE KTU/SCF
LO HEAT VALUE PTU/SCF
CALC. EXH. FLOW Lb/HR
EXHAUST SP. GR. (STP)
FXHAUST TEMP. DEG. F
FUEL FLO* SCF/hR
FUEL MIL. bTU/HR (Hhv)
FUEL FLO LH/HR
AIR FLO* L.B/hR (*'ET)
AIR/FUEL RATIO (WET)
8SFC HTIJ/^P HK (HHV)
EXHAUST H?P PERCENT
EMISSIONS AS MEASUKFD
NOX HPH
NO PPf
N02 PPH
CQ2 PF.T-CENT
HC HPi1' 1
CO PPI'
02 PERCENT
NO'NU*
MQN-MFTH/TriTAL HC
CALCULATED EMISSIONS
NOX LH/HH
HC LFVKR TOTAL
HC LB/KR NON-VETH
CO L^/hR
NOX LR/ML &TU
HC Lfr/KlL HTU TOTAL
HC LB/rUL «TIJ NON-HETh
CO LV-IL bTU
NOX (i/F>HP UK
HC Ci/F-HP htf TOTAL
HC (j/HHP HK NON-1E.TH
CO lj/t!HP Hk
NOX ppr, CORK TO is PCT 02
NOTE: NOX AS NO? ANli hTU
1
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B-I-IOA
-------
CGGHEk-BESSEKER GMV-TF
05/01/8O
F.NGINE TEST 122, TEST sm 2? EXHAUST STACK AREA so. FT. .122
COOPE*-?IF.SSEMER GMV-TF RATED 1100 HP AT 3fio RPM, 2-STRc-KE NA
SOURCt: PP. 15-S2 HCP--3.S3 NOX-CLH CO-NDIR HC- FID 02-POl. FLOK-CB
KUN
II ATE
TIME
OPEKAT TONAL UATA
IN. HG.
DEG. F
INLET -UN. TFMP DE&. F
EXHAUST VEL. FT/SF.C
SP. HUfUDITY GRAIN/LB
ENGINF SPEED RPM
HORSEPOWER
SCAV. ATR PKES. IN.HG.
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FUF.L SP. GR. (STP)
HI HEAT VALUE BTU/SCF
LCI HEAT VALUE BTU/SCF
CALC. TXH. FLO*- L«/KR
EXHAUST SP. GR. (STP)
EXHAUST T£MH. DEC. F
FUEL Fl0* SCF/HR
FUFL MIL. MflJ/HR (HHV)
FUF.L n.G* LB/HR
AIR Fi.n* Lii/Hk (WET)
AIP/FIIF.L RATIO (WET)
BSFC HTU/HP HK (Hhv)
F.XHAUST H20 PERCENT
EMISSIONS
NOX PPM
NO
AS MEASURED
cos
HC
CO PP
02 PI
NO/NOV
PPM
ppM
PERCENT
ppft
hC
CALCULATED EMISSIONS
NOX L^/h^
MC LH/K* TOTAL
HC LS/hR NON-KETh
CO LK>/HR
HC LM/«IL »TU TOTAL
HC LK/*IL ~TU f>ON-ifTh
CO i.--/NIL ^TU
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HHV FOR CALCULATED EMISSIONS
B-I-IOB
-------
i a
COOPE&-BESSEMEP GMV-TF
05/01/80
ENGINE TFST 123, TEST SITE 27 EXHAUST STACK AREA SO. FT. .922
cooPEx-t~>EssE«EP GMV-TF RATED nun HP AT son RPM, S-STROKE NA
SOURCE: PR lS-«2 HCR-3.H3 NOX-CLH CO-NDIR HC- Fit) 02-POL FLOH-C6
RUN
DATE
TIME
OPERATIONAL DATA
RAHO.M.fTl-K, IN. HG.
AMHJFN7 TEMP. DEG. F
INLET f.AN. TEMP DEC. F
EXHAUST VEL. FT/SEC
SP. HlihJDTTY GWAJN/Lb
ENGINE SPEED RP*
HORSEPOWER
SCAV. AIR PKES. IN.M.;.
IGM1. TlMF DEC. oTDC
FUEL SP. G». (STP)
HI HEAT VALUE bTU/SCF
LO HE/iT VALUF KTU/SCF
CALC. FXH. FLO" LP/HR
EXHAUST SP. GR. (STP)
EXHAUST TEhP. HER. F
FUEL FLOW SCF/HR
FUEL MIL. BTU/hK (HHV)
FUEL FLOW L8/HR
AIR FLIK Lb/HK («tET)
AIR/HIEL RAilO (wET)
BSpC Km/HP HP (HhV)
EXHAUST H?n PEkCh'Nf
EMISSIONS AS MEASURED
NOX PPf-
NO PPN
M05 PP»'
COS PERCENT
HC mi
Co PPH
02 PF.^CENT
NO/NfiX
NON_f^ETH/TOlAL HC
CALCULATED EMISSIONS
NOX LB/HR
HC LB/HH TOTAL
HC LR/HR NON-METH
CO LR/HR
NOX LB/MIL 8TU
HC LH/ML «TU TOTAL
HC LR/ML BTU NON-HETH
CO Ll./ML MTU
NOX CV'HP MR
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*BAD FUEL INJECTION VALVE REPLACED AFTER
THIS RUN
C
r
B-l-l I A
-------
19
CCOHEP-RESSEMfcR GMV-TF
05/01/80
ENGINE TEST l?3. TEST SITt 27 EXHAUST STACK AF'EA SO FT
CGOPE^-KPSSEMER GMV-TF RATEO llfll) HP AT 31'0 RPM, 2 STROKE NA
SOURCE: f-'H 15-92 HCK-3.«D NQX-CLH CO-NDJR HC- FID fi2-POL FLO*-C6
RUN
DATE
TIME
OPERATIONAL DATA
IN. HG.
TEMP. DEC. F
INLET MAN. TEMP OER. F
EXHAUST VF.L. FT/SEC
SP. HUMIDITY GKAIN/LB
ENGINE SPEED RPM
HORSEPOWER
SCAV. AIR PHES. IN.HG.
IGNIT. TIMt- DEG. bTOC
FUEL SP. GK. (STP)
HI HtAT VALUE fafU/SCF
LO Hf>T VALUE BTU/SCF
CALC. rxH. FLOW
EXHAUST SP. C;R.
EXHAUST TEMH. Dt'G. F
FUEL FLO SCF/HR
FUEL MIL. P.TU/HF (HHV)
FUEL FLOW LH/HR
AIR FLOK LB/HR (*ET)
AlR/FUfL RAIIO (WET)
HSFC BTU/HP hh (HHV)
FXHAUST Hgn PERCENT
EMISSIONS AS MEASURED
NOX PPM
NO PPfl
NOS PPM
coe PTRCENT
HC PPM
CO PPM
02 PERCENT
NO/NOX
HC
CALCULATED EMISSIONS
NOX LB/HR
HC LR/HW TOTAL
HC LB/HR
CO Lh/HR
NOX
HC
HC
co
NOX
HC
HC G/^HP H*
CO G/BhP HR
NOX PPM CORK TO 15 PCT 0?
NOTE: N'OX AS N02 AND BT!I
«TU
LP/KIL 6TU TOTAL
LK/KIL r>Tu NON-METH
LP/MIL «TU
G/MHP HR
G/RHP MK TOTAL
b
S/1D/79
1135
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81
84
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AS HHV FOR CALCULATED EMISSIONS
B-l-lIB
-------
20
COOPER-BESSEMER GMV-TF
05/01/80
ENG1NF TFST 123, TEST SUE H7 EXHAUST STACK AREA SO. FT. .S22
COOPER-BESSEMER GMV-TF RATED 1100 HP AT 300 RPM, a STROKE NA
SOURCE: PR 15-qa HCR-3.83 NCX-CLH CO-NDIR HC- FID ua-POL FLOW-CB
RUN . 11
DATE " 5/10/79
TIMF. It 35
OPERATIONAL DATA
BAROMETER, IN. HG. PR.83
AMBIENT TEhP. DEG. F 70
INLF1 MAN. TEMP DEG. F b8
EXHAUST VEL. FT/SEC 150.1*
SP.- HUMIDITY GRAIN/LB 82
ENGINE SPEED RPM 301
HORSEPOWER 1053
SCAV. AIR PRES. IN.HG. 3.1
IGNII. TIME DEG. BIDC [?7ol
FUEL. SP. GR. (STP) .b!7(i
HI HFAT VALUE BTU/SCF 983
LO HEAT VALUE HTU/SCF %B7
CALC. FXH. FLOW LB/HR Ib^JS
EXHAUST SP. GR. (STP1 . .97*b
FXHAUST TEMP. DF.G. F ' hbb
FUEL FLGK SCF/HR itjaes
FU5.L MIL. FTU/HR (HHV) 10.lib
FUEL FLOW LB/HR '_ «+85
AIR FLOW LH/HR (WET') Ib^SH
AIR/FUEL RATIO (WET) 3H.P
RSPC RTU/HP HR (HHV) HSbl
EXHAUST Hao PERCENT in. 39
EMISSIONS AS MEASURED
'•'OX PPM SHt.OU
NO PPM - 3*1.nu
NO? -PPM ' • *3.f'0
CO? -PERCENT "' H.P«t
HC PPM Ih75.00
CO PPM 1*3.00
oa PERCENT 12.m
NO/NOX .888
NON-METH/T(jTA|_ HC ND
CALCULATED EMISSIONS
NOX LB/HR 9.5b*
HC LP/HR TOTAL l*.v»25
HC L8/KR NON-METH ND
CO LP/HR 2.05?
NOX LR/MIL 8TU
HC LR/MIL rtTU TOTAL 1
HC LR/KIL 8TU NON-METh
CO LR/MIL HTU
NOX G/RHP HH H
HC G/RhP HK TOTAL t
HC U/RKP HR NON-METH
CO &/BHP HR
NOX PPM CORR TOXIS PCT o?
ND
.203
.100
,185
ND
.B80
25b
NOTE: un< AS NOS AND RTO AS HHV FOK CALCULATED EMISSIONS
B-l-l I C
-------
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
APPENDIX X
EXHAUST PIPING SCHEMATIC
Emissions Testing Pacific Environmental Services
Of Control Devices for Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engines In Support of Regulatory Development
By the U.S. EPA.
-------
-------
APPENDIX B
SUBCONTRACTOR TEST REPORT
EMISSION MONITORING, INC.
"RESULTS OF DIRECT INTERFACE GCMS TESTING CONDUCTED ON A 2-STROKE
LEAN BURN ENGINE"
-------
DISCLAIMER
This report presents the results of direct interface GCMS testing conducted on a 2-stroke lean bum engine
located at the Colorado State University Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory. Concentration
results only are presented on a dry basis.
This document was prepared by Emission Monitoring Incorporated (EMI) under Pacific Environmental
Services Incorporated (PES) Subcontract NO. 68-D-98-004-EMI and EPA Contract NO. 68-D-98-004. It
has undergone the internal QA policies of EMI. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views and
policies of the EPA, and mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement by the EPA or by EMI.
-------
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and the Industrial Coordinated
Combustion Rulemaking (ICCR) emissions test work group requested the use of a portable gas
chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GCMS) based analyzer to identify and quantify volatile organic
hazardous air pollutants from the inlet and outlet of catalysts installed on various natural gas-fired (and
diesel-fired) engines used in the gas transmission industry.
Pacific Environmental Services (PES) subcontracted Emission Monitoring Incorporated (EMI) to perform
direct interface GCMS testing on a natural gas-fired, 2-stroke lean bum engine located at the Colorado
State Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory (ECCL). The primary objective of the testing was to
characterize and quantify nine specific volatile organic hazardous air pollutants (benzene, toluene, o,m,p-
xylenes, styrene, ethyl benzene, 1,3-butadiene, and hexane) from the inlet and outlet of an oxidation
catalyst installed at the 2-stroke engine. Engine operational parameters were changed from baseline
operation to determine the potential range of emissions from 2-stroke engines. The effect of these changes
was observed at the catalyst inlet and outlet.
The data gathered from this testing effort are to be used in support of developing a maximum achievable
control technology (MACT) standard for gas-fired reciprocating internal combustion engines.
To obtain simultaneous concentration data from the inlet and the outlet of the oxidation catalyst, two
separate GCMS measurement systems were used. Each sampling system and GCMS analyzer was
operated in accordance with EPA Alternate Method - 017. A copy of this method is provided in Appendix
A. On-site analysis after each sample acquisition was performed to determine whether the method QA
criteria were achieved, and to inform the PES Project Manager of the concentration levels observed in the
various effluent matrices. Numerous representatives from the EPA and from industry were on-site to
observe the testing, the method QA/QC activities, and the on-site data analysis.
This report is meant to be a companion document to a detailed report prepared by PES describing the test
program in its entirety. As such, specific details of engine specific operating parameters and sampling
locations are not provided.
2.0 SUMMARY OF GCMS RESULTS
The sampling and analysis procedures used during this testing program followed those detailed in EPA
Alternate Method 17. Additional QA/QC activities not prescribed by the method such as performing
analyte spiking, and analyzing an independent audit gas provided by PES were conducted.
2.1 Volatile Organic Emissions
The GCMS instrumentation utilizes a grab sample technique where effluent sample gas is co-mixed with
the internal standard mixture (in a constant ratio of 10:1) in the GC sampling loop for 1 minute before
injection into the GCMS. The catalyst inlet and outlet GCMS measurement systems collected effluent
simultaneously from each location for the 1-minute loop equilibration period followed by a 10 minute run
time. The sampling system consisted of heated probes, quartz fiber filters, and Teflon sampling lines to
transport the gas to conditioning units which employ Peltier cooled condensers (with continuous moisture
removal) to dry the gas to a level acceptable for introduction to each instrument.
Because the engine test matrix included 16 initial test points (consisting of variations in air to fuel ratio,
engine ignition tuning, engine balance, water jacket temperature, etc..), and changes in engine operation
were more easily affected from certain test points to others, the 16 test point conditions were not conducted
in sequential order. Table 2-1 presents the engine test matrix with respect to run number, date and time. A
short narrative explaining any deviations from the test plan is included in the column entitled "comments".
Preliminary testing was conducted on 3-30-99. Samples identified as "PreRun" (see Table 2-2) were
-------
collected post-catalyst only due to the unavailability of a sample port at the inlet location (FTIR validation
efforts prevented installation of EMI equipment at the inlet location). Samples were collected from the
outlet location using both instruments to determine the extent of agreement between the instruments.
Benzene was the only target analyte detected during the "pre-run" sampling. Both instruments showed
excellent agreement for the benzene analysis. Samples identified as "RunO" (also pre-run samples) were
collected from the inlet and outlet locations using both measurement systems to provide additional
information regarding the effluent concentration before the actual test runs began.
Samples identified as Rinl A and Rout 1A represent the start of the emissions testing; however, it was later
discovered that the FTIR measurement systems operated by Colorado State ECCL personnel did not collect
the requisite number of data points. This run was repeated on 3-31, and is designated RunlA.
Table 2-1 2-Stroke Lean Burn Engine GCMS Test Matrix
Run Number
Run 1
Run 1A
Run5
Run 6
Run 13
Run 14
Run8
Run 3
Run 27
Run 15
Run 16
Run 10
Run 9
Run9A
Run 4
RunSA
Run 12
Run 11
Date
3-30-99
3-31-99
3-31-99
3-31-99
3-31-99
3-31-99
3-31-99
4-1-99
4-1-99
4-1-99
4-1-99
4-1-99
4-1-99
4-1-99
4-2-99
4-2-99
4-2-99
4-2-99
Time
22:35-23:06
13:51-14:24
16:00-16:32
18:05-18:37
20:05-20:36
21:30-22:01
23:34-00:08
12:00-12:41
13:40-14:11
16:50-17:21
18:40-19:11
20:50-21:25
22:59-23:21
23:55-00:16
12:14-14:00
16:32-18:20
20:12-20:42
21:33:21:54
Comments
FTIR did not collect all data. Run was void.
Repeat of Run 1. Inlet GCMS ion pump
malfunction, timesharing using outlet GCMS.
Inlet GCMS ion pump fixed. No additional
problems
No Problems
No Problems
No Problems
No Problems
First inlet sample not collected due to ion
pump malfunction. Malfunction was remedied
before second sample.
Test points 2 and 7 combined due to
unachievable engine condition.
No Problems
No Problems
No Problems
Leak in humidity control system. Run was
void.
Repeat of Run 9.
First PAH* Run - collected samples for
duration of run. Inlet sample identified as 4h
not collected due to ion pump malfunction.
Problem was remedied before sample 4g start.
Second PAH Run. Re-run of test condition 8 -
No Problems
Third PAH Run. No Problems
Third PAH Run (cont.) - Inlet and outlet
instruments had ion pump malfunction on
third and fourth sample.
PAH is an abbreviation for poly-aromatic hydrocarbons
2.1.1 Catalyst Inlet Results
The only target analytes detected at the catalyst inlet location were hexane, benzene and toluene.
Concentration levels of hexane approximated 100 parts per billion (ppb). This concentration level
represents the instrument detection limit. Concentration levels for benzene and toluene ranged from 50 to
-------
100 ppb, and 10 to 230 ppb respectively for the 16 engine test conditions. Run numbers 1 and la had the
lowest concentration levels for benzene and toluene with only 50 and 10 ppb detected respectively. All
other engine test conditions produced higher concentration results for these compounds, but changes in
engine operation had little effect on the observed results. Benzene and Toluene concentration levels for
runs 5, 6, 13, 14, 8, 3, 27, 15, 16, 10, 9, and 9A all approximated 70 ppb for benzene and 220 ppb for
toluene.
Table 2-2 presents the parts per billion concentration results on a dry basis (2% moisture at exit of Peltier
cooled condenser). All data are reported using two significant figures only.
A gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer as a detector can identify compounds that are not
contained in the instrument specific calibration. Two peaks were detected that were not identified in the
original test matrix as target analytes. The compounds di-methyl ether (CAS#=115-10-6, MW=46 AMU)
and nitromethane (CAS#=75-52-5, MW=61 AMU) were tentatively identified in virtually every run at the
inlet location. The compounds could not be quantified because there are no calibration analytes that are
chemically similar, and therefore, no instrument specific response factor can be used to generate estimated
concentrations.
2.1.2 Catalyst Outlet Results
The only target analyte detected at the catalyst outlet was benzene. The di-methyl ether and nitromethane
peaks were either absent or at very low concentrations at the outlet location. The highest concentration
level observed for benzene was 40 ppb (Run 4). Catalyst removal efficiencies for benzene and toluene
were calculated using run averages.
Catalyst removal efficiency for benzene ranged from 76 to 94%. The removal efficiency was calculated
using the following equation:
(1) % Removal across catalyst = (Inlet ppm -Outlet ppm)/Inlet ppm X 100
Catalyst removal efficiency for toluene approximated 90% for non-PAH runs, and 70% during the PAH
runs. For toluene percent removal calculations, the instrumental detection limit (20 ppb) was used for the
catalyst outlet location. This represents the most conservative estimate of removal efficiency.
The difference in the apparent removal efficiencies calculated for toluene between the non-PAH and the
PAH runs is due to the lower inlet toluene concentration levels observed during the PAH runs. Using
equation 1 above, it can be seen that a lower inlet concentration combined with the use of the detection
limit for the outlet concentration necessarily lowers the apparent catalyst removal efficiency.
Table 2-2 presents the parts per billion concentration results on a dry basis (2% moisture). All data are
reported using two significant figures only.
3.0 Process Description
A detailed engine operating description and engine operational test matrix is not included in this report.
4.0 Sampling Locations
GCMS testing was conducted at the inlet and the outlet of the oxidation catalyst. The inlet sampling
location was approximately 12 feet from the main engine exhaust manifold inside of the test facility, and
the outlet sampling location was outside of the building. Samples were acquired from each location
through a horizontal circular duct approximately 8 inches in diameter. The PES report contains a detailed
description of each sampling location.
-------
Table 2-2 2-Stroke Emission Test Results - Target Analytes Only
real clock times (1 0 minutes behind CSU clock) for preliminary runs and Run 0
•NEW" HAPSITE
RUN/SAMPLE ID
Date
Time
Compound
1,3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
•OLD HAPSITE'
RUN/SAMPLE ID
Date
Time
Compound
1,3-Butadiene
iexane
benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
Outlet
PreRun 1
30-Mar
14.59
ppm
001
Outlet
PreRun 1
30-Mar
1250
yptn
0.04
Outlet
PreRun2
30-Mar
15.09
ppm
Outlet
PreRurtZ
30-Mar
13.18
ppm
0.01
Outlet
PreRunS
30-Mar
15-19
ppm
001
blanks indicate non-detect values
Outlet
PreRun4
30-Mar
1535
ppm
001
Outlet data only due to FTIR validation at inlet
'ercent Removal Across Catalyst
lenzene
"oluene
Run 1
78
atDL
RunlA
80
atDL
Outlet
PreRunS
30-Mar
1550
ppm
Outlet
PreRun6
30-Mar
1603
ppm
002
Inlet
RinOA
3/30
2059
ppm
005
002
Outlet
RoutOA
3/30
2059
ppm
001
Inlet
RinOB
3/30
21-10
ppm
005
002
Outlet
RoutOB
3/30
21 10
ppm
Inlet
RinOc
3/30
21-20
ppm
005
002
Outlet
RoutOC
3/30
21 20
ppm
Inlet
RmOd
3/30
21 31
ppm
005
003
Outlet
RoutOD
3/30
21 31
ppm
002
Time adjusted to CSU clod
Inlet
RmlA
3/30
2235
ppm
005
002
Outlet
RoutlA
3/30
2235
ppm
Inlet
RmlB
3/30
2245
ppm
005
002
Outlet
RoutlB
3/30
2245
ppm
Inlet
RinlC
3/30
22-55
ppm
003
002
Outlet
RoutlC
3/30
2255
ppm
Inlet
RmlD
3/30
2306
ppm
005
002
Outlet
RoutlD
3/30
2306
ppm
Inlet
Avg
ppm
005
002
Outlet
Avg
ppm
Outlet
RoutlAA
3/31
13.40
ppm
001
Inlet
RinlAA
3/31
1351
ppm
005
Outlet
RoutlAB
3/31
1402
ppm
002
Inlet
RinlAB
3/31
1413
ppm
004
Inlet
RinlAC
3/31
1424
ppm
0.05
003
Outlet
RoutlAC
3/31
1424
Had to switch back and forth between outlet GCMS
due to inlet GCMS ion pump malfunction
Inlet
Avg.
ppm
005
001
Outlet
Avg
ppm
001
-------
Table 2-2 (cont.) - 2-Stroke Emission Test Results - Target Anaiytes Only
"NEW" HAPSITE
RUN/SAMPLE ID
Date
Time
Compound
1,3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
"OLD HAPSITE"
RUN/SAMPLE ID
Date
Time
Compound
1,3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
MW
54
86
78
92
106
106
104
106
64
86
78
92
106
106
104
106
Run 5
Inlet
Rin5A
31-Mar
16:00
ppm
0.11
0.07
0.22
Outlet
RoutSA
31-Mar
16:00
ppm
0.02
Inlet
Rin5B
31-Mar
16:10
Ppm
0.11
0.06
0.22
Outlet
RoutSB
31-Mar
16:10
ppm
Inlet
Rin5C
31-Mar
16:20
ppm
ND
0.07
0.22
Outlet
RoutSC
31-Mar
16:20
ppm
Inlet
RinSD
31-Mar
16:32
ppm
0.09
0.06
0.22
Outlet
RoUt5D
31-Mar
16:32
ppm
Blanks indicate non-defect values
'ercent Removal Across Catalyst
Benzene
Toluene
Run5
92
91
Run 6
86
91
Run?
94
91
Inlet
Avg.
ppm
0.08
0.07
0.22
Outlet
Avg.
ppm
0.01
Run 6
Inlet
Rin6A
31-Mar
18:05
ppm
0.09
0.23
Outlet
Rout6A
31-Mar
18:05
5pm
0.02
Inlet
Rin6B
31-Mar
18:15
ppm
0.08
0.23
Outlet
Rout6B
31-Mar
18:15
ppm
Inlet
Rin6C
31-Mar
18:27
ppm
0.09
0.23
Outlet
Rout6C
31-Mar
18:27
ppm
Inlet
Rin6D
31-Mar
18:37
ppm
0.1
0.23
Outlet
Rout6D
31-Mar
18:37
ppm
0.03
Used Instrument Detection Limits for ND Values
Inlet
Avg.
ppm
0.09
0.23
0.013
Run 13
Inlet
Rinl3A
31-Mar
20:05
ppm
0.08
0.24
Outlet
Routl3A
31-Mar
20:05
ppm
Inlet
Rinl3B
31-Mar
20:15
ppm
0.08
0.22
Outlet
Routl3B
31-Mar
20:15
3pm
0.02
Inlet
RinlSC
31-Mar
20:25
ppm
0.08
0.22
Outlet
Routl3C
31-Mar
20:25
ppm
Inlet
Rinl3D
31-Mar
20:36
ppm
0.09
0.23
Outlet
Routl3D
31-Mar
20:36
ppm
Inlet
Avg.
ppm
0.08
0.23
Outlet
ppm
0.01
"NEW" HAPSITE
RUN/SAMPLE ID
Date
Time
Compound
1,3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
"OLD HAPSITE"
RUN/SAMPLE ID
Date
Time
Compound
1,3-Butadiene
iexane
Benzene
Toluene
ithyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
-------
Table 2-2 (cont.) - 2-Stroke Emission Test Results - Target Analytes Only
"NEW" HAPSITE
RUN/SAMPLE ID
Date
Time
Compound
1,3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
"OLD HAPSITE"
RUN/SAMPLE ID
Date
Time
Compound
1,3-Butadiene
rlexane
ienzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene •
MW
54
86
78
92
106
106
104
106
64
86
78
92
106
106
104
106
Run 14
Inlet
Rinl4A
31 -Mar
21:30
ppm
0.06
0.22
Outlet
Routl4A
31 -Mar
21:30
ppm
Inlet
Rinl4B
31 -Mar
21:40
ppm
0.06
0.22
Outlet
Routl4B
31 -Mar
21:40
ppm
Inlet
RinHC
31 -Mar
21:51
ppm
0.06
0.22
Outlet
Routl4C
31 -Mar
21:51
ppm
0.02
Inlet
Rinl4D
3 1 -Mar
22:01
ppm
0.06
0.22
Outlet
Routl4D
31 -Mar
22:01
ppm
0.02
Jlank Values indicate non detect values
Percent Removal Across Catalyst
Jenzene
^oluene
Run 14
83
91
Run8
84
91
Inlet
Avg.
ppm
0.06
0.22
Outlet
Avg.
ppm
0.01
Run 8
Inlet
RinSA
31 -Mar
23:34
ppm
0.06
0.22
Outlet
RoutSA
31 -Mar
23:34
ppm
Inlet
RinSB
31 -Mar
23:45
ppm
0.06
0.22
Outlet
RoutSB
31 -Mar
23:45
ppm
Used Instrument Detection Limits for ND Values
Inlet
RinSC
31 -Mar
23:55
ppm
0.13
0.07
0.22
Outlet
RoutSC
31 -Mar
23:55
ppm
Inlet
RinSD
1-Apr
0:08
ppm
0.06
0.22
Outlet
RoutSD
1-Apr
0:08
ppm
Inlet
Avg.
ppm
0.03
0.06
0.22
Outlet
Avg.
ppm
-------
Table 2-2 (cont.) - 2-Stroke Emission Test Results - Target Analytes Only
"NEW" HAPSITE
RUN/SAMPLE ID
Date
Time
Compound
1,3-Butadiene ,
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
"OLD HAPSITE"
RUN/SAMPLE ID
Date
Time
Compound
1,3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
MW
54
86
78
92
106
106
104
106
64
86
78
92
106
106
104
106
'ercent Removal Across Catalyst
Jenzene
Toluene
Run 3
81
91
Run3
Inlet
Rin3A
1-Apr
12:00
ppm
Outlet
Rout3A
1-Apr
12:00
ppm
0.02
Inlet
Rin3B
1-Apr
12:10
ppm
0.13
0.06
0.23
Outlet
RoutSB
1-Apr
12:10
ppm
Inlet
RinBC
1-Apr
12:21
ppm
0.05
0.21
Outlet
Rout3C
1-Apr
12:21
3pm
Inlet
Rin3D
1-Apr
12:31
ppm
0.05
0.22
Outlet
Rout3D
1-Apr
12:31
ppm
0.02
Inlet
Rin3E
1-Apr
12:41
ppm
0.05
0.21
Outlet
Rout3E
1-Apr
12:41
3pm
Inlet
Avg.
ppm
0.03
0.05
0.22
Outlet
Avg.
3pm
0.01
Run 2 and 7
Inlet
Rin27A
1-Apr
13:40
ppm
0.07
0.22
Outlet
Rout27A
1-Apr
13:40
3pm
0.01
Inlet
Rin27B
1-Ap
13:50
ppm
0.12
0.07
0.22
Outlet
Rout27B
1-Apr
13:50
spm
0.0 1
nlet 3A sample not acquired due to GCMS ion pump malfunction
blanks indicate non-detect values
Run 2&7
90
91
Run 15
78
91
Inlet
Rin27C
1-Ap
14:0
ppm
0.1
0.08
0.22
Outlet
Rout27C
TXp7
L_J4tfl|
3pm
Inlet
Rin27D
1-Ap
14:1
ppm
0.13
0.07
0.23
Outlet
Rout27D
1-Apr
14:11
3pm
0.01
Inlet
Avg.
ppm
0.09
0.07
0.22
Outlet
Avg.
3pm
0.01
Run 15
Inlet
RinlSA
1-Ap
16:50
ppm
0.12
0.08
0.22
Outlet
RoutlSA
1-Apr
16:50
ppm
0.01
Inlet
RinlSB
1-Ap
17:00
ppm
0.
0.08
0.22
Outlet
RoutlSB
1-Apr
17:00
Inlet
RinlSC
1-Ap
17:10
ppm
0.08
0.22
Outlet
RoutlSC
1-Apr
17:10
0.02
Inlet
RinlSD
1-Ap
17:2
ppm
0.1
0.08
0.22
Outlet
RoutlSD
1-Apr
17:21
0.03
Inlet
Avg.
ppm
0.08
0.08
0.22
Outlet
Avg.
ppm
0.02
-------
Table 2-2 (cont.) - 2-Stroke Emission Test Results - Target Analytes Only
"NEW" HAPSITE
RUN/SAMPLE ID
Date
Time
Compound
1,3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
"OLD HAPSITE"
RUN/SAMPLE ID
Date
Time
Compound
1,3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
MW
54
86
78
92
106
106
104
106
64
86
78
92
106
106
104
106
Run 16
Inlet
Rinl6A
1-Apr
18.40
ppm
009
009
0.22
Outlet
Routl6A
1-Apr
18:40
ppm
0.02
Inlet
Rinl6B
1-Apr
18:50
ppm
013
008
0.22
Outlet
Routl6B
1-Apr
18:50
ppm
002
Inlet
Rinl6C
1-Apr
19.00
ppm
009
0.08
022
Outlet
Routl6C
1-Apr
19:00
ppm
0.02
Inlet
Rinl6D
1-Apr
19-11
ppm
0.11
0.09
0.22
Outlet
Routl6D
1-Apr
19:11
ppm
002
Blanks indicate non detect values
Percent Removal Across Catalyst
Benzene
Toluene
Run 16
76
91
Run 10
83
91
Run 9
84
91
Run9A
87
91
Inlet
Avg.
ppm
0.11
009
0.22
Outlet
Avg.
ppm
0.02
Run 10
Inlet
RinlOA
1-Apr
20.50
ppm
008
022
Outlet
RoutlOA
1-Apr
20.50
ppm
Inlet
RinlOB
1-Apr
21:00
ppm
007
0.22
Outlet
RoutlOB
1-Apr
21:00
ppm
003
Inlet
RinlOC
1-Apr
21:14
ppm
0.11
008
0.22
Outlet
RoutlOC
1-Apr
21:14
ppm
Inlet
RinlOD
1-Apr
21.25
ppm
007
022
Outlet
RoutlOD
1-Apr
21 25
ppm
002
Used Instrument Detection Limits for ND Values
Inlet
Avg
PPm
0.03
0.08
022
Outlet
Avg
ppm
0.01
Run 9
Inlet
Rin9A
1-Apr
22.59
ppm
016
0.07
0.22
Outlet
Rout9A
1-Apr
22:59
ppm
Inlet
Rin9B
1-Apr
23:10
ppm
0.11
007
0.22
Outlet
Rout9B
1-Apr
23:10
0.02
Inlet
Rin9C
1-Ap?
2321
PPm
013
0.09
0.22
Outlet
Rout9C
I -Apr
2321
003
Inlet
Avg.
ppm
013
008
022
Outlet
Avg
ppm
001
Run9A
Inlet
Rin9AA
1-Apr
23:55
ppm
0.08
0.22
Outlet
Rout9AA
1-Apr
23-55
Inlet
Rin9AB
2-Apr
006
ppm
0.07
0.22
Outlet
Rout9AB
2-Apr
0:06
0.02
Inlet
Rin9AC
2-Apr
0:26
ppm
0.07
0.22
Outlet
Rout9AC
2-Apr
026
002
Inlet
Rin9AD
2-Apr
0:16
ppm
008
0.22
Outlet
Rout9AD
2-Apr
0:16
Inlet
Avg.
ppm
008
022
Outlet
Avg.
ppm
0.01
-------
Table 2-2 (cont.) - 2-Stroke Emission Test Results During PAH Runs - Target Analytes Only
"NEW" HAPSITE
RUN/SAMPLE ID
date
time
Compound
1,3 -Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
"OLD HAPSITE"
RUN/SAMPLE ID
date
time
Compound
1,3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
MW
54
86
78
92
106
106
104
106
64
86
78
92
106
106
104
106
Run 4 - First PAH Run
Inlet
Rm4a
2-Apr
12:14
ppm
0.14
0.09
0.08
Outlet
Rout4a
2-Apr
12:14
ppm
0.02
Inlet
Rin4b
2-Apr
12:24
ppm
0.11
0.1
0.08
Outlet
Rout4b
2-Apr
12:24
ppm
0.04
Met
Rin4c
2-Apr
12:34
ppm
0.1
0.09
0.08
Outlet
Rout4c
2-Apr
12:34
ppm
0.02
Blanks indicate non-detect values
Percent Removal Efficiency
Benzene
Toluene
87
71
Inlet
Rin4d
2-Apr
12:45
ppm
0.13
0.1
0.08
Outlet
Rout4d
2-Apr
12:45
ppm
Inlet
Rin4e
2-Apr
13:03
ppm
0.11
0.1
0.08
Outlet
Rout4e
2-Apr
13:03
ppm
Inlet
Rin4f
2-Apr
13:14
ppm
0.09
0.08
Outlet
Rout4f
2-Apr
13:14
ppm
Inlet
Rin4g
2-Apr
13:24
ppm
0.09
0.07
Outlet
Rout4g
2-Apr
13:24
ppm
0.01
Inlet
Rin4h
2-Apr
13:35
ppm
Inlet
Rin4i
2-Apr
13:48
ppm
0.11
0.09
0.08
Ion Pump Failure
Outlet
Rout4h
2-Apr
13:35
ppm
0.02
Outlet
Rout4i
2-Apr
13:48
ppm
Inlet
Rin4j
2-Apr
14:00
ppm
0.1
0.1
0.07
Outlet
Rout4j
2-Apr
14:00
ppm
0.04
Inlet
Avg.
ppm
0.08
0.09
0.07
Outlet
Avg.
ppm
0.01
10
-------
Table 2-2 (cont.) - 2-Stroke Emission Test Results During PAH Runs - Target Analytes Only
"NEW" HAPSITE
RUN/SAMPLE ID
date
time
Compound
1,3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
"OLD HAPSITE"
RUN/SAMPLE ID
date
time
Compound
1,3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
MW
54
86
78
92
106
106
104
106
64
86
78
92
106
106
104
106
Percent removal across catalyst
Benzene
Toluene
83
73
Run 8A - Second PAH Run
Inlet
RinSAA
2-Apr
16:32
ppm
0.08
0.07
Outlet
RoutSAA
2-Apr
16:32
ppm
Inlet
RinSAB
2-Apr
16:42
ppm
0.08
0.08
Outlet
RoutSAB
2-Apr
16:42
ppm
Inlet
RinSAC
2-Apr
16:52
ppm
0.1
0.08
0.08
Outlet
RouTSAC
2-Apr
16:52
ppm
0.02
Blanks indicate non-detect values
Inlet
RinSAD
2-Apr
17:03
ppm
0.08
0.07
Outlet
RoutSAD
2-Apr
17:03
ppm
0.02
Inlet
RinSAE
2-Apr
17:25
ppm
0.13
0.08
0.08
Outlet
Rout8AE
2-Apr
17:25
ppm
0.01
Inlet
Rin8AF
2-Apr
17:36
ppm
0.16
0.08
0.07
Outlet
RoutSAF
2-Apr
17:36
ppm
0.02
Inlet
RinSAG
2-Apr
17:46
ppm
0.13
0.09
0.08
Outlet
RoutSAG
2-Apr
17:46
ppm
0.11
0.02
Inlet
RinSAH
2-Apr
17:59
ppm
0.09
0.09
0.07
Outlet
RoutSAH
2-Apr
17:59
ppm
0.01
Inlet
RinSAl
2-Apr
18:09
ppm
0.12
0.08
0.07
Outlet
RoutSAI
2-Apr
18:09
ppm
0.01
Inlet
RinSAJ
2-Apr
18:20
ppm
0.12
0.08
0.07
Outlet
RoutSAJ
2-Apr
18:20
ppm
0.03
Inlet
Avg.
ppm
0.09
0.08
0.07
Outlet
Avg.
ppm
0.01
0.01
11
-------
Table 2-2 (cont.) - 2-Stroke Emission Test Results During PAH Runs - Target Analytes Only
"NEW" HAPSITE
RUN/SAMPLE ID
Date
Time
Compound
1 ,3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
"OLD HAPSITE"
RUN/SAMPLE ID
Date
Time
Compound
1,3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
MW
54
86
78
92
106
106
104
106
64
86
78
92
106
106
104
106
Run 12 -Third PAH Run
Inlet
RinI2A
2-Apr
20:12
ppm
0,09
0.08
Outlet
Routl2A
2-Apr
20:12
ppm
0.02
Inlet
Rinl2B
2-Apr
20:22
ppm
0.08
0.07
Outlet
Routl2B
2-Apr
20:22
ppm
0.01
Inlet
Rinl2C
2-Apr
20:32
ppm
0,08
0.07
Outlet
Routl2C
2-Apr
20:32
ppm
0.02
Blanks indicate non-detect values
Percent Removal Across Catalyst
Benzene
Toluene
Run 12
76
72
Run 11
80
71
Inlet
Rinl2D
2-Apr
20:42
ppm
0.09
0.07
Outlet
Routl2D
2-Apr
20:42
ppm
0.02
Inlet
Avg.
ppm
0.09
0.07
Outlet
Avg.
ppm
0.02
Inlet
RinllA
2-Apr
21:33
ppm
0.1
0.07
Outlet
RoutllA
2-Apr
21:33
ppm
0.02
Inlet
RinllB
2-Apr
21:43
ppm
0.1
0.07
Outlet
RoutllB
2-Apr
21:43
[Ppm
0.02
Inlet
RinllC
2-Apr
ppm
Outlet
RoutllC
2-Apr
21:54
ppm
0.01
Inlet
RinllD
2-Apr
ppm
Outlet
RoutllD
2-Apr
ppm
Inlet
Avg.
ppm
0.
0.07
Outlet
Avg.
ppm
0.02
1
Probems during acquisition, both GCMS units
12
-------
5.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
The sampling and analytical procedures used during this testing program followed those detailed in EPA
Alternate Method 17. The instrument was calibrated specifically for this test project using a manufacturers
certified compressed gas mixture of nine target analytes (benzene, toluene, o,m,p-xylenes, styrene, ethyl
benzene, 1,3-butadiene, and hexane). The instrument was calibrated also for all compounds identified in
Section 1 of the method approximately one month before this test, and this calibration was used also to
identify any other potential analytes not specific to this test program.
5.1 Sampling Procedures
Effluent gas samples were withdrawn at a constant flow rate from a single point located approximately 4
inches within each duct. Effluent was withdrawn at approximately 1.5 liters per minute through the
sampling system for no less than 5 minutes before sample acquisition in order to equilibrate fully all of the
sampling system components. It is estimated that the gas residence time through the sampling system at
this flow rate is less than 1 minute. Figure 5-1 presents a schematic of the GCMS measurement system(s)
used during the test program.
Exhaust gas samples were acquired simultaneously from the catalyst inlet and outlet sampling locations. A
total of four samples were acquired from each location for each of the designated engine test runs. The run
duration was approximately 30 minutes. For the test runs where PAH sampling trains were run, each
GCMS measurement system acquired as many samples as possible during the run duration.
5.2 GCMS Operation
The GCMS instrumentation was operated using a non-evaporative getter (NEG) pump to maintain the
requisite high internal vacuum needed to generate mass spectra. Internal standards are co-added with every
effluent sample in the GC sample loop before injection into the GC. The internal standards used are 1,3,5-
trifluoromethyl benzene (TRIS) and bromopentafluoro benzene (BPFB). These compounds are not usually
found in industrial processes. They are used to tune the mass spectrometer, to assess the stability and
performance of the GCMS on each sample run, and to determine adherence to the method QA/QC.
The GC was operated isothermally at 60°C to separate and detect the target analytes. The mass
spectrometer was operated in a limited full scan mode (45-125 amu). All internal GCMS components were
maintained at 60 °C.
5.3 Analytical Procedures
The procedures detailed in the direct interface GCMS method (Appendix A) were followed for this testing
program. See Figure 5-2 for-a method operational flowchart.
Establishing a valid calibration curve requires a 20 percent relative standard deviation (%RSD) for each
individual analyte over the calibration range. Instrument calibrations were conducted at the EMI
laboratory using a limited full scan mode of mass spectrometer operation (from 45 to 125 AMU). The
limited full scan mode of operation allowed for the lowest possible detection limits for the specific target
analytes while still generating all of the fragments in each target compound's mass spectrum in every run.
The calibration curve prepared in the EMI laboratory was used to quantify all QA and effluent samples
acquired in the field.
Calibration was performed by conducting two successive GCMS runs at each of four concentration levels;
10 ppm, 3 ppm, 1 ppm and 300 ppb. Section 10 of the method details the calculation procedures used to
determine the %RSD for each of the analytes. Appendix B contains the calibration raw data sheets for both
GCMS instruments. Four calibration points were used instead of the three specified by the method in order
to obtain a wider dynamic calibration range, particularly for 1,3-butadiene and hexane (whose Dls are
higher than the other target analytes). The calibration and internal standards used for this testing were
certified by Spectra Gas, and by Scott Specialty Gases (manufacturer's certifications of analysis are
included in Appendix C).
13
-------
Table 5-1 presents the target analytes, the results from the initial calibration in terms of %RSD, and the test
specific estimated detection limits for each instrument.
14
-------
Table 5-1. ICCR - Initial Calibration and Calibration Audit Results
"NEW" HAPSITC
Compound
1,3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
"OLD HAPSITE"
Compound
1,3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
Initial Calibration %RSD
6.6
3.6
4.9
6.3
7.9
10.6
10.8
8.2
Initial Calibration %RSD
7.7
4.7
6.3
7.0
8.2
11.0
12.8
9.1
Critieria
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
Critieria
20%
20%
20%1
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
Audit Results
0.91
0.91
1.00
1.00
1.11
2.31
U5|
ZZiJ^
Audit Results
1.06
0.97
1.09
1.11
1.12
2.22
1.15
1.06
Compounds in bold are the only target analytes detected in engine exhaust
j_
Expected Value-ppm
1.03
1.03
1.04
1.04
1.04
2.06
1.04
1.03
Expected Value-ppm
1.03
1.03
1.04
1.04
1.04
2.06
1.04
1.03
% Difference
-11.65%
-11.65%
-3.85%
-3.85%
6.73%
12.14%
10.58%
8.74%
% Difference
2.91%
-5.83%
4.81%
6.73%
7.69%
7.77%
10.58%
2.91%
Criteria @ Ippm Level
within 20% of expected value
within 20% of expected value
within 20% of expected value
within 20% of expected value
within 20% of expected value
within 20% of expected value
within 20% of expected value
within 20% of expected value
Criteria @ Ippm Level
within 20% of expected value
within 20% of expected value
within 20% of expected value
within 20% of expected value
within 20% of expected value
within 20% of expected value
within 20% of expected value
within 20% of expected value
Pre-Test
Estimated
Detection Limit
0.5
0.09
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.5
0.15
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.05
0.075
"NEW" HAPSITE
Compound
1,3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
"OLD HAPSITE"
Compound
1,3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
15
-------
31
OQ'
c
o
(-+•
H-H
3
5T
CD
n
S
n>
CO
i
I
3^
GO
-------
6.0 Quality Assurance/Quality Control Procedures
Each day the GCMS measurement system was tuned according to the criteria identified in the method.
Achieving the criteria for a valid mass spectral tune and achieving the internal standard relative mass
abundances during each GCMS run (see Tables 3 and 4 of the method) verify the continuing instrument
performance and ensure that the QA/QC of the method are achieved. Achieving the criteria for a valid tune
also allows searches of the NIST Mass Spectral library for compounds that are not contained in the
instrument specific calibration.
6.1 Daily Calibration Check Procedures and PES Audit Gas Analysis
Daily system calibrations were conducted to check both the validity of the initial instrument calibration and
the effectiveness of the sampling system to transport the target analytes. Daily system calibration check
procedures were conducted after accomplishing a successful instrument tune using the blended mixture of
the internal standards. Immediately following the system continuing calibration, nitrogen was allowed to
flow through the system and a system blank was acquired. No analvtes were detected in any of the system
blank analyses.
The direct interface GCMS test method requires that continuing system calibrations be conducted using a
blended mixture of six surrogate compounds at 1 ppm. (See Table 6 of the method.). For this test
program, all of the target analytes were checked daily at the 1 ppm concentration level.
In addition to the daily calibration check procedures, PES provided EMI with an independent audit gas.
The identity of the compounds contained in the audit gas and their concentration analysis was not revealed
to EMI personnel. Analysis of this audit gas was conducted using both GCMS measurement systems.
Tables 6-1 presents the results from the daily system continuing calibration and the analysis of the audit
gas.
6.2 Analyte Spiking Procedures
Additional QA procedures conducted during this testing program included analyte spiking. Analyte
spiking consists of adding an exact amount of calibration standard into the effluent stream at a point
upstream of the primary paniculate matter filter within the sampling system. This procedure checks the
ability of both the sampling and analytical system to transport and quantify effluent samples.
Analyte spiking procedures were conducted on each day of the test program at varying concentration
levels. Concentrations of 100 ppb, 500 ppb, and 1 ppm were used for the spiking. Spike recoveries of
between 79% to 126% were achieved at the 100 ppb concentration level for the target analytes detected
using the inlet GCMS measurement system. Spike recoveries of between 74% and 136% were achieved at
the 100 ppb concentration level, 64% to 81% at the 500 ppb concentration level, and 100% - 105% at the 1
ppm level, for the target analytes detected using the outlet GCMS measurement system.
Table 6.2 presents the analyte spiking results for all of the target analytes from the inlet and outlet GCMS
measurement systems.
17
-------
TaHe fi-1 - Cnntinnin? Calibration and PES Audit Cylinder Results
"NEW" HAPSITE
Compound
1,3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
o-Xylene
"OLD HAPSITE"
Compound
1 3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Stvrene
o-Xylene
* Concentration off
Inlet
29-Mar
ppm
1.09
0.99
0.9
0.88
1.05
2.28
1.05
1.06
Outlet
29-Mar
0.94
0.92
0.98
0.84
1.1
2.17
0.93
1.15
uiditCvlinde
/oDiff
Exp.
5.83%
-3.88%
-13.46%
-12.87%
0.96%
10.68%
0.96%
2 91%
% Diff
Exp.
-8.74%
-10.68%
-5 77%
-19.23^
5.34%
-10.58%
11.65%
r Unknown,
30-Mar
ppm
0.96
0.83
1.01
0.76
1.03
2.18
092
1.04
30-Mar
ppm
0.78
1.06
1.09
1.13
1.03
2.09
0.97
1 0.99
No Accurac1
% Diff
Exp.
-6.80%
-19.42%
-2.88%
-24.75%
-0.96%
5.83%
-11.54%
0.97%
%Diff
Exp.
1 -24.27%
2.91%
4.81%
8.65%
1.46%
-6.73%
-3.88%
/ Calculation
31 -Mar
ppm
1.23
102
1.02
0.78
1.07
2.22
0.86
.04
31-Mar
ppm
0.78
1.11
.06
1.08
2J3~
.04
i Conducted
Compounds in bold are the only target analytes detected in engine exhaust
% Diff
Exp.
19.42%
-0.97%
-1.92%
-22.77%
2.88%
7.77%
-17.31%
0.97%
% Diff
Exp.
-24.27%
7.77%
1.92%
3.85%
3.40%
0.00%
3.88%
1-Apr
ppm
1.03
0.82
0.86
0.8
1.04
2.09
0.93
1.06
1-Apr
ppm
1.18
1
1.13
1.16
1 01
2J7
1.03
IT
% Diff
Exp.
0.00%
-20.39%
-17.31%
-20.79%
0.00%
1.46%
-10.58%
2.91%
% Diff
Exp.
14.56%
-2.91%
8.65%
11.54%
-0 96%
5.34%
-0.96%
6.80%
2-Apr
ppm
1.06
1.03
1.02
1.01
1.11
2.19
1.11
1.08
2-Apr
ppm
1.11
0.88
0.93
1.01
0 99
2T5
0.81
1.12
% Diff
Exp.
2.91%
0.00%
-1.92%
0.00%
6.73%
6.31%
6.73%
4.85%
% Diff
Exp.
7.77%
-14.56%
-10.58%
-2.88%
-4 81%
4.37%
-22.12%
8.74%
Exp. Vals
ppm
1.03
1.03
1.04
1.01
1.04
2.06
1.04
1.03
Exp. Vals
ppm
1.03
1.03
1.04
1.04
1.04
2.06
1.04
1.03
PES Audit C
ppm
0.52
0.50
1 0.52
0.48
0.56
0.56
'ylinder Rest
ills*
18
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Table 6-2. Analyte Spiking Results
"NEW" HAPSITE
Compound
1 ,3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
"OLD HAPSITE"
Compound
1 ,3-Butadiene
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
m/p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
Inlet- 1 00 ppb Spike
3/29/99
PPM Observed
BDL
0.11
0.08
0.08
0.1
0.2
0.09
0.09
PPM Expected
0.103
0.103
0.104
0.101
0.104
0.206
0.104
0.103
Outlet- 100 ppb Spike
3/29/99
PPM Observed
BDL
0.14
0.1
0.075
O.I
0.17
0.04
0.09
PPM Expected
0.103
0.103
0.104
0.101
0.104
0.206
0.104
0.103
% Recovery
NA
107
77
79
96
97
87
87
% Recovery
NA
136
96
74
96
83
38
87
Compounds in bold are only target analytes detected in engine exhaust
Inlet- 100 ppb Spike
3/30/99
PPM Observed
BDL
0.13
0.12
0.08
0.08
0.16
0.07
0.08
PPM Expected
0.103
0.103
0.104
0.101
0.104
0.206
0.104
0.103
% Recovery
NA
126
115
79
77
78
67
78
Outlet - 1 ppm Spike (to get butadiene)
4/1/99
PPM Observed
1.24
1.05
1.09
1.01
0.86
1.8
0.8
0.9
PPM Expected
1.03
1.03
1.04
1.01
1.04
2.06
1.04
1.03
% Recovery
120
102
105
100
83
87
77
87
Certified TAG Value
.03
.03
.04
.01
.04
2.06
.04
.03
Outlet - 500 ppb Spike
4/2/99
PPM Observed
ND
0.33
0.39
0.41
0.51
1.1
0.44
0.53
PPM Expected
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.51
0.52
1.03
0.52
0.52
% Recovery
NA
64
75
81
98
107
85
103
19
-------
1 REPORT NO
EPA-454/R-00-036a
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
Please read instructions on the reverse before completing
2
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Final Report
Testing of a 2-Stroke Lean Burn Gas-Fired Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engine to Determine the Effectiveness of an Oxidation
Catalyst System for Reduction of Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions
Volume 1 of 2
7 AUTHOR(S)
Dennis Falgout
Michael D Maret
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAM
Pacific Environmental Services. Inc
Post Office Box 12077
Research Triangle Park. North Carolina 2
E AND ADDRESS
7709-2077
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U S Environmental Protection Agenc>
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Emissions. Monitoring and Analysis Division
Research Triangle Park. North Carolina 2"! 1
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
5 REPORT DATE
July 2000
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
10 PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
68-D-98004
1 3 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/200/04
1 5 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is investigating Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines (RICE) to characterize
engine emissions and catalyst control efficiencies of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) This document describes the results of emissions testing conducted
on a Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF natural-gas-fired 2-stroke. lean-burn (2SLB) engine Earh in 1998. several industry and EPA representatives agreed
that the Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF engine, at the Colorado State University 's Engine and Energy Conversion Laboratory (CSU EECL) is adequately
representative of existing and new natural-gas-fired 2SLB engines The group agreed that a matrix of test results from testing conducted at the EECL
could be used to develop Maximum Achievalbe Control Technology (MAVT) standards for RICE. The group further agreed that an oxidation catalyst
installed on the Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4-TF could be used to determine the effectiveness of oxidation catalysts for these engines, and that the EPA
could use the results from testing at the 2SLB matrix conditions at CSU as the basis for developing the MAVT standard for natural-gas-fired 2SLB
engines
Emissions testing was conducted to measure pollutant concentrations in the exhaust gas both up- and downstream of an oxidation catalyst Miratech
Corporation manufactured the catalyst and CSU personnel installed it on the engine Several sampling and analysis methodologies were used to measure
HAP emissions before and after the oxidation catalyst Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy . or FTIRS. was used to measure formaldehyde.
acetaldehyde. and acrolem Bezene. toluene. eth\l benzene, (o.m.p)-xylenes. styrene. hexane. and .3-butadiene. were measured using a direct-interface
gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometer detector, or GCMS Contmuos emission monitors (CEMs) were used to measure oxygen (0:). carbon
dioxide (CO;), nitrogen oxides (NOJ carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbons (THC). and methane Naphthalene and polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) i acenaphthene. acenapth) lene anthracene, benzo(k)anthracene. benzo(a)pyrene. benzo(b)fiuoramhene. benzo(e)pyrene
benzo(k)fluoranthene. benzo(g.h.i)perylene. chrysene. dibenzo(a.h)anthrene, fluoranthene. fiuorene. indeno(1.2.3-cd)pyrene. 2-methylnapthalenc.
perylene. phenamhrene. and pyrene. were determined using California Air Resources Board (CARB) Method 429
This report consists of two volumes totaling 1.328 pages. Volume 1 ( 752 pages) and Volume 2 (576 pages)
17.
a DESCRIPTIONS
FTIRS
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Oxidation Catalyst
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Reciprocating Internal Combustion
Engines
Total Hydrocarbons
18 DISTRIBUTION' STATEMENT
Unlimited
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
c COASTI Field/Group
21. NO. OF PAGES
1,328
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION IS OBSOLETE
F:\U\FMeadows\TRD.Frm\WP 6.1
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