r/EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office Of
Water
(EN-336)
EPA-505/8-91-003A
April 1991
Guidance Manual
For The Preparation Of
Part 1 Of The NPDES Permit
Applications For Discharges
From Municipal Separate
Storm Sewer Systems
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GUIDANCE MANUAL
FOR THE PREPARATION OF PART 1
OF THE NPDES PERMIT APPLICATIONS
FOR DISCHARGES FROM MUNICIPAL
SEPARATE STORM SEWER SYSTEMS
April 1991
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Wastewater Enforcement and Compliance
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
.. Tr-
r / , Library (;'.;
' ->oarborn Strse
....,., IL 60604
Printed on Recycled Paper
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
PREFACE vi
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Why Read This Manual? 2
1.2 How Is This Manual Organized? 4
1.3 Is This Manual Subject to Revision? 6
1.4 What Other Guidance Materials are Available? 7
2.0 THE PERMITTING PROCESS
2.1 Who is Required to Apply? 9
2.2 Who Issues and Enforces the Permit? 23
3.0 COMPLETING THE PERMIT APPLICATION
3.1 What Are the Permit Application Deadlines? 26
3.2 Where to Submit the Application? 29
3.3 Is the Application Complete? 30
4.0 DETAILED GUIDANCE FOR PART 1 OF APPLICATION
4.1 General Information 36
4.2 Legal Authority 39
4.3 Source Identification 47
4.4 Discharge Characterization 61
4.4.1 Existing Precipitation and 61
Water Quality Data
4.4.2 Field Screening Analysis 76
4.4.3 Characterization Plan 93
4.5 Management Programs 99
4.6 Fiscal Resources 105
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A FEDERAL, STATE, AND REGIONAL PERMITTING
AGENCY CONTACTS A
APPENDIX B FINAL NPDES STORM WATER REGULATIONS FOR
PARTS 1 & 2 OF THE PERMIT APPLICATION B
APPENDIX C DEFINITIONS OF FREQUENTLY USED TERMS IN
THE REGULATIONS AND IN STORM WATER
POLLUTION CONTROL C
APPENDIX D SAMPLE CHARACTERIZATION PLAN D
APPENDIX E GUIDANCE MATERIALS E
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
2-la INCORPORATED PLACES WITH OVER 250,000 INHABITANTS
ACCORDING TO THE LATEST DECENNIAL CENSUS BY
BUREAU OF CENSUS 10
2-lb INCORPORATED PLACES WITH POPULATIONS GREATER
THAN 100,000 AND LESS THAN 250,000 ACCORDING TO
THE LATEST DECENNIAL CENSUS BY BUREAU OF CENSUS 12
2-2a COUNTIES WITH POPULATIONS GREATER THAN 250,000 IN
UNINCORPORATED URBANIZED AREAS (1980 US CENSUS) 16
2-2b COUNTIES WITH UNINCORPORATED URBANIZED AREAS
GREATER THAN 100,000 BUT LESS THAN 250,000
ACCORDING TO THE LATEST DECENNIAL CENSUS
BY THE BUREAU OF CENSUS 17
3-1 PERMIT APPLICATION CHECKLIST 31
4-1 MUNICIPAL AND DISCHARGES AUTHORITY ORDINANCES
LIMITING DISCHARGES TO THE POTW 56
4-2 LOCATION OF KNOWN MAJOR OUTFALLS ALONG LINE A 58
4-3 MAJOR INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES LOCATED IN
CATCHMENT LINE A 59
4-4 PUBLICLY OWNED LANDS ALONG LINE A IN CITY X 60
4-5 LOCATIONS TO OBTAIN PRECIPITATION DATA 69
4-6 MEAN RAINFALL AND NUMBER OF STORMS FOR
PRECIPITATION GAGES IN CITY X 71
4-7 STORM EVENT STATISTICS FOR CITY X CALCULATED
USING THE SYNOP PROGRAM 72
111
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Page
4-8 STORM WATER QUALITY DATA COLLECTED IN CITY X 73
4-9 WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR WET CREEK,
BIG CREEK, AND BIG BAY 75
4-10 SUMMARY OF STORM DRAIN CONNECTIONS BY BUSINESS
TYPE FOR ALLEN CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN, ANN ARBOR,
MICHIGAN 80
4-11 EXAMPLES OF NON-STORM WATER DISCHARGES TO
MUNICIPAL SEPARATE STORM SEWER SYSTEMS THAT
NEED NOT BE ADDRESSED IN MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS
UNLESS IDENTIFIED AS SOURCES OF POLLUTANTS TO
WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES 81
4-12 LOCATION OF SAMPLING POINTS AND RATIONALE FOR
CHOOSING SAMPLE LOCATIONS IN EXAMPLE 1 88
4-13 LOCATION OF SAMPLING POINTS AND RATIONALE FOR
CHOOSING SAMPLE LOCATIONS IN EXAMPLE 2 92
4-14 PARAMETERS FOR REPRESENTATIVE STORM WATER
SAMPLING 98
IV
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
2-1 EXAMPLE OF A JOINT APPLICATION 19
2-2 METHOD TO REDUCE POPULATION IN A MUNICIPALITY
SERVED BY BOTH COMBINED AND SEPARATE STORM
WATER SEWERS 22
3-1 RECOMMENDED TIMELINE FOR COMPLETING SECTIONS
OF THE NPDES STORM WATER PERMIT APPLICATION 28
4-1 GENERAL INFORMATION SUPPLIED WITH CITY X's
STORM WATER PERMIT APPLICATION 37
4-2 SEWER MAP FOR CITY X SHOWING COUNTY AND CITY
OWNERSHIP, GRID CELLS, AND LOCATION OF SCREENING
LEVEL SAMPLING SITES 38
4-3 EXAMPLE OF LEGAL AUTHORITY 42
4-4 LOCATION OF KNOWN MAJOR OUTFALLS ON LINE A
IN CITY X 57
4-5 LOCATION OF RAIN GAGES IN CITY X 70
4-6 SAMPLE DATA SHEET FOR FIELD SCREENING PROGRAM 87
4-7 1:62,000 SCALE MAP SHOWING GRID CELLS FOR CITY Y
(EXAMPLE 2) 90
4-8 STORM SEWER MAP FOR CITY Y (EXAMPLE 2) SHOWS
SEWER LOCATIONS IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS 92
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PREFACE
Water quality problems have occupied an increasingly prominent role in the public's
awareness and in environmental legislation over the past several decades. Since 1956,
the trend in water pollution control legislation has been toward greater Federal
authority in setting and enforcing discharge standards. In 1972, Congress passed
significant amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (commonly referred
to as the Clean Water Act or CWA) which provide that the discharge of any pollutant
to navigable waters of the United States from a point source is unlawful except in
accordance with a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit.
Efforts to improve water quality under the NPDES program have traditionally focused
on reducing pollutants in discharges of industrial process wastewater and municipal
sewage. At the onset of the program in 1972, industrial process discharges and
municipal sewage outfalls were easily identified as being responsible for poor, often
drastically degraded water quality conditions. However, as pollution control measures
were developed for these discharges, it became evident that more diffuse sources
(occurring over a wide area) of water pollution were also major causes of water quality
problems. The growing awareness of the magnitude of these diffuse sources of water
pollution has only occurred in the past two decades.
For years, many environmental lawmakers and much of the public alike assumed that
runoff from urban (and suburban) areas was essentially "clean"water. However, during
the past 20 years or so, this view has changed. We now recognize that rainfall picks up
a multitude of pollutants as a result of falling on and draining off streets and parking
lots; construction and industrial sites; and mining, logging, and agricultural areas. The
pollutants are dissolved into and are carried off by the runoff as it drains from these
surfaces and areas. Through natural processes or manmade systems, the runoff is
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channeled into and transported by gravity and flows through a wide variety of drainage
features. The runoff then scours accumulated pollutants out of gutters, catchbasins,
storm sewers, and drainage channels. The runoff (and accumulated pollutants)
eventually ends up in surface water bodies such as creeks, rivers, estuaries, bays, and
oceans.
Many recent studies have shown that runoff from urban and industrial areas typically
contains significant quantities of the same general types of pollutants that are found in
wastewaters and industrial discharges and often causes similar water quality problems.
These pollutants include heavy metals (e.g., chromium, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury,
nickel, zinc), pesticides, herbicides, and synthetic organic compounds such as fuels, waste
oils, solvents, lubricants, and grease. These pollutants can (and do) cause problems for
both human health and the aquatic ecosystems supported by the diverse receiving water
bodies.
Comprehensive and reliable assessments of water quality are extremely difficult to
perform and verify. However, several national-scale assessments have been made. For
the purposes of these assessments, runoff from urban and industrial areas has been
considered as a diffuse source or "nonpoint"source of pollution. Legally, however, most
urban runoff is discharged through conveyances such as separate storm sewers or other
conveyances which are point sources under the CWA and are, therefore, subject to the
NPDES program.
To provide a better understanding of the nature of storm water runoff from residential,
commercial, and light industrial areas, EPA provided funding and guidance to the
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP), which was conducted from 1978 through
1983. The NURP study provided insight on what can be considered background levels
of pollutants for urban runoff. However, NURP concluded that the quality of urban
runoff can be adversely impacted by several sources of pollutants that were not directly
evaluated in the study, including illicit connections, construction and industrial site
runoff, and illegal dumping.
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Other studies have shown that many storm sewers contain illicit discharges of non-storm
water, and that large amounts of wastes, particularly used oils, are improperly disposed
of in storm sewers. Removal of these discharges presents opportunities for dramatic
improvements in the quality of storm water discharges.
More recently, the EPA performed a general assessment of water quality based on
biennial reports submitted by the States. In a document entitled "National Water
Quality Inventory, 1988 Report to Congress," it was reported that pollution from diffuse
or nonpoint sources such as runoff from urban areas and industrial sites was cited as the
leading cause of water quality impairment in 37 states.
As a result of these studies, it became clear that the point source discharge of urban
runoff would have to be regulated in some manner. The appropriate means of
regulating storm water point sources within the NPDES program has been a matter of
serious concern since implementation of the NPDES program in 1972. Each attempt to
devise a workable program has been the focus of substantial controversy, in view of the
large number of storm water sources, the nature of storm water runoff, and the realities
of program priorities and resources.
EPA promulgated its first storm water regulations in 1973. Since that time, the history
of the storm water permit application rulemaking has been long and complex. While
EPA was evaluating the appropriate means to regulate storm water discharges, Congress
was examining the storm water issue in the course of the reauthorization of the CWA.
The CWA was amended on February 4, 1987, when Congress passed the Water Quality
Act of 1987 (WQA).
The central provision of the WQA which governs storm water discharges is Section 405.
Section 405 of the WQA added a new subsection "p"to existing Section 402 of the
CWA. Section 402(p) of the CWA adopted a phased approach to control pollutants in
storm water discharges. It established phased permit application requirements, permit
issuance deadlines, and permit compliance conditions for different categories of storm
water discharges.
fx
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Section 402(p) of the CWA requires the EPA to establish final regulations governing
storm water discharge permit application requirements under the NPDES program. The
permit application requirements pertain to storm water discharges associated with
industrial activity; discharges from large municipal separate storm water systems (systems
serving a population of 250,000 or more); and discharges from medium municipal
separate storm water systems (systems serving a population of 100,000 or more, but less
than 250,000). In response to this requirement, the EPA published in the
November 16, 1990, Federal Register the regulations for NPDES permit application
requirements for the above-mentioned storm water discharges. This manual provides
guidance to the cities in how to fulfill these requirements for a municipal application.
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1.0
INTRODUCTION
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1.1 WHY READ THIS MANUAL?
This guidance manual is intended to assist municipalities which are required to obtain a
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit for storm water
discharge (i.e., storm water discharge associated with a separate storm sewer system
serving an area with a population greater than 100,000). If you are currently operating
such a system, or plan to operate one, you are required to submit a permit application
to the appropriate permitting agency listed in Appendix A. Note that for states that
have approved NPDES programs, the permitting agency is the state office listed.
Municipalities in states without approved programs must submit the permit application
to the regional EPA office listed. Other addresses given in
Appendix A are provided for additional assistance only.
This manual presents guidance on the methods that you should use to prepare both
Parts 1 and 2 of the NPDES permit application for municipal separate storm water
discharges to demonstrate compliance with the general requirements of 40 CFR Sections
122.21 and 122.26 (55 FR 47990). The regulations pertaining to completion of the
application can be found in Appendix B. A summary of the new regulations and an
interpretation of each part is contained in Section 4.0.
Part 1 of the application requires municipal applicants to:
Provide general owner information.
Describe legal authority used by the municipality to implement the
requirements of 40 CFR Sections 122.21 and 122.26.
Identify sources of discharge to the storm sewer system.
Characterize the discharge from the sources in terms of water quality.
Begin to identify sources of illicit discharges contributing to storm
water pollution.
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Propose Part 2 sampling plan.
The Permitting Authority will review Parts 1 and 2 of the application, then develop
appropriate permit conditions to ensure effective implementation of the municipality's
storm water management program.
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1.2 HOW IS THIS MANUAL ORGANIZED?
This guidance manual is organized in such a mariner that it can be used by those
interested in understanding and interpreting the NPDES permit application regulations,
as well as those responsible for preparing the application itself. The preface presents an
overview of the development of storm water regulations. Section 2.0 describes the basic
NPDES storm water permitting process as follows:
Who is required to apply
- Classes of applicants (large or medium municipalities)
- Types of applications (individual or system-wide)
Who issues and enforces the permit
Section 3.0 of the guidance manual gives the permit application deadlines and locations
to submit the application. A completeness checklist is also included in this section.
This checklist is similar to those which will be used by agency personnel when reviewing
the applications submitted by the municipalities. Every applicant should therefore verify
that all items on the checklist have been satisfied before submitting the application.
Sections 4.0 provides guidance for understanding and interpreting the regulations for
Part 1 applications, and gives examples which are based on a case study of a city in
California.
Appendices are included at the end of the manual to provide supplementary
information, as follows:
Appendix A: A list of Federal, State and regional permitting agencies.
Appendix B: Final NPDES storm water regulations for Parts 1 and 2 of the
permit application.
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Appendix C: Definitions of frequently used terms in the regulations and in storm
water pollution control.
Appendix D: Sample Characterization Plan.
Appendix E: Guidance Materials.
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1.3 IS THIS MANUAL SUBJECT TO REVISION?
This manual has been prepared by the Permits Division, Office of Water Enforcement
and Permits, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It is organized in such a manner
that it can be used by those interested in understanding and interpreting the NPDES
permit application regulations, and for the preparation of the application itself. Because
the storm water permitting program is relatively recent, the application guidance may be
subject to revisions. In addition, further guidance or policy statements may be issued by
EPA to clarify questions that may arise as experience is gained in relation to the permit
application process.
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1.4 WHAT OTHER GUIDANCE MATERIALS ARE AVAILABLE?
Several resource documents exist which may prove useful; these documents are as
follows:
. Federal Register. U.S. EPA; 40 CFR Parts 122, 123, and 124; (55 FR 47990).
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit Application Regulations
for Storm Water Discharges; Final Rule. This document contains supplementary
background information and commentary on the current storm water regulations.
Guidance Manual for the Preparation of NPDES Permit Applications for Storm
Water Discharges Associated with Industrial Activity. U.S. EPA: This manual
would be useful to those municipalities which conduct activities covered by the
definition of storm water discharges associated with industrial activity.
Appendix E contains a more detailed list of additional guidance materials available for
use by permit applicants.
It is recommended that the applicant be familiar with all available guidance materials in
order to prepare an application for the municipality. However, the permit application
can be completed without the additional guidance simply by following the regulations,
the permit instructions and using this guidance manual. Please note that there is no
application form for submitting the information required for municipal separate storm
sewer systems. Therefore, it is important that the applicant submit information that is
concise and can be easily identified by the permitting authority.
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2.0
THE PERMITTING PROCESS
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2.1 WHO IS REQUIRED TO APPLY?
Any municipality owning or operating a separate storm sewer system which discharges, is
required to obtain an NPDES permit, if the population within the geographic boundaries
of the municipality served by the separate storm sewer system meets the following
criteria, as determined by the most recent Bureau of Census estimates:
Medium Storm Sewer System
An incorporated municipality
(city) with a population
greater than or equal to
100,000 but less than
250,000 persons.
Large Storm Sewer System
An incorporated municipality
(city) with a population greater
than or equal to 250,000 persons.
Counties with census designated Counties with designated areas that
urbanized areas that have a
population greater than or
or equal to 100,000 but less
than 250,000 after incorporated
areas, towns, and townships
within such counties are excluded.
have a population greater than or
equal to 250,000 after incorporated
areas, towns and townships within
such counties are excluded.
Tables 2-la and 2-lb are a listing of incorporated places (cities) in the United States
with over 100,000 inhabitants; these cities must obtain an NPDES storm water permit.
In addition, Tables 2-2a and 2-2b contain a listing of counties in the United States which
are required to obtain an NPDES storm water permit. These lists have been compiled
according to the 1980 U.S. Census.
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Table 2-la. INCORPORATEDPLACES WITH POPULATIONSGREATERTHAN 250,000ACCORDINGTC
LATEST DECENNIAL CENSUS BY BUREAU OF CENSUS
State
Alabama
Arizona
California
Colorado
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Incorporated Place
Birmingham
Phoenix
Tucson
Long Beach
Los Angeles
Oakland
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Denver
Jacksonville
Miami
Tampa
Atlanta
Chicago
Indianapolis
Wichita
Louisville
New Orleans
Baltimore
Boston
Detroit
Minneapolis
St. Paul
Kansas City
St. Louis
10
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Table 2-la.
INCORPORATEDPLACES WITH POPULATIONSGREATER THAN 250,000 ACCORDING TO
LATEST DECENNIAL CENSUS BY BUREAU OF CENSUS (continued)
State
Nebraska
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
Washington
Wisconsin
Incorporated Place
Omaha
Newark
Albuquerque
Buffalo
Bronx Borough
Brooklyn Borough
Manhattan Borough
Queens Borough
Staten Island Borough
Charlotte
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Toledo
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
Portland
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Memphis
Nashville/Davidson
Austin
Dallas
El Paso
Forth Worth
Houston
San Antonio
Norfolk
Virginia Beach
Seattle
Milwaukee
11
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Table 2-lb. INCORPORATEDPLACES WITH POPULATIONS GREATER THAN 100.000AND LESSTHA
250.000 ACCORDING TO THE LATEST DECENNIAL CENSUS BY BUREAU OF CENSUS
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Incorporated Place
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Anchorage
Mesa
Tempe
Little Rock
Anaheim
Bakersfield
Berkeley
Concord
Fremont
Fresno
Fullerton
Garden Grove
Glendale
Huntington Beach
Modesto
Oxnard
Pasadena
Riverside
San Bernadino
Santa Ana
Stockton
Sunnyvale
Torrance
Aurora
Colorado Springs
Lakewood
Pueblo
Bridgeport
Hartford
New Haven
Stamford
Waterbury
12
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Table 2-lb. INCORPORATEDPLACESWTTHPOPULATIONSGREATERTHANIOO.OOOANDLESSTHAN
250.000 ACCORDINGTO LATESTDECENNIALCENSUS BY BUREAU OF CENSUS (continued)
State
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Incorporated Place
Fort Lauderdale
Hialeah
Hollywood
Orlando
St. Petersburg
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
Boise City
Peoria
Rockford
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary
South Bend
Cedar Rapids
Davenport
Des Moines
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Massachusetts
Michigan
Mississippi
Kansas City
Topeka
Lexington-Fayette
Baton Rouge
Shreveport
Springfield
Worcester
Ann Arbor
Flint
Grand Rapids
Lansing
Livonia
Sterling Heights
Warren
Jackson
13
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Table 2-lb. INCORPORATEDPLACES WITH POPULATIONSGREATER THAN 100,000 AND LESS THAI
250,000 ACCORDINGTO LATESTDECENNIALCENSUS BY BUREAU OF CENSUS (continuec
State
Missouri
Nebraska
Nevada
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Incorporated Place
Independence
Springfield
Lincoln
Las Vegas
Reno
Elizabeth
Jersey City
Paterson
Albany
Rochester
Syracuse
Yonkers
Durham
Greensboro
Raleigh
Winston-Salem
Akron
Dayton
Youngstown
Eugene
Allentown
Erie
Providence
Columbia
Chattanooga
Knoxville
Amarillo
Arlington
Beaumont
Corpus Christi
Garland
Irving
Lubbock
Pasadena
Waco
14
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Table 2-lb INCORPORATEDPLACESWITHPOPULATIONSGREATERTHANIOO.OOOANDLESSTHAN
250,OOOACCORDINGTQ LATESTDECENNIALCENSUS BY BUREAU OF CENSUS (concluded)
State
Utah
Virginia
Washington
Wisconsin
Incorporated Place
Salt Lake City
Alexandria
Chesapeake
Hampton
Newport News
Portsmouth
Richmond
Roanoke
Spokane
Tacoma
Madison
15
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Table 2-2a.
COUNTIES WITH UNICORPORATED URBANIZED AREAS WITH A
POPULATION OF 250,000 OR MORE ACCORDING TO THE LATEST
DECENNIAL CENSUS BY THE BUREAU OF CENSUS
STATE
California
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Maryland
Texas
Utah
Virginia
Washington
COUNTY
Los Angeles
Sacramento
San Diego
New Castle
Dade
DeKalb
Honolulu
Anne Arundel
Baltimore
Mongomery
Prince George's
Harris
Salt Lake
Fairfax
King
UNINCORPORATED URBANIZED
POPULATION
912,664
449,056
304,758
257,184
781,949
386,379
688,178
271,458
601,308
447,993
450,188
409,601
304,632
527,178
336,800
16
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Table 2-2b.
COUNTIES WITH UNINCORPORATED URBANIZED AREAS GREATER THAN
100,000 BUT LESS THAN 250.000ACCORDINGTO THE LATEST DECENNIAL
CENSUS BY THE BUREAU OF CENSUS
STATE
Alabama
Arizona
California
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
North
Carolina
Nevada
Oregon
South
Carolina
Virginia
Washington
COUNTY
Jefferson
Pima
Alameda
Conta Costa
Kern
Orange
Riverside
San Bernardino
Broward
Escambia
Hillsborough
Orange
Palm Beach
Pinellas
Polk
Sarasota
Clayton
Cobb
Richmond
Jefferson
Jefferson
Cumberland
Clark
Multnomah
Washington
Greenville
Rich! and
Arlington
Henrico
Chesterfield
Snohomish
Pierce
UNINCORPORATED URBANIZED
POPULATION
102,917
111,479
187,474
158,452
117,231
210,693
115,719
148,644
159,370
147,892
238,292
245,325
167,089
194,389
104,150
110,009
100,742
204,121
118,529
224,958
140,836
142,727
201,775
141,100
109348
135398
124,684
152,599
161,204
108348
103,493
196,113
17
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Two types of applications can be submitted for either the medium or large storm sewer
system:
Individual: A single city or county files an application for its own separate
storm sewer system. No parts of the system are owned or
operated by another public entity.
Joint: Two or more cities and/or counties act as co-applicants to file
a single joint application. This may apply in cases where more
than one city or county owns or operates a municipal separate
storm sewer within a geographic area, or where municipal
separate storm sewer systems are adjacent to or
interconnected with one another. It should be noted that for
municipalities with interconnecting systems, aU involved
municipalities if designated by the Director of the permitting
agency, are required to submit applications either jointly or
individually, even if one or more have populations less than
100,000. An example of this is shown on Figure 2-1.
Following a review of the application, the appropriate permitting agency may either
issue one system-wide (jurisdiction-wide) permit covering all discharges from municipal
storm sewers within a large or medium system, or issue separate permits for appropriate
categories of discharges within a large or medium system including but not limited to:
All discharges owned or operated by the same municipality.
All discharges located within the same jurisdiction.
All discharges within a system that discharges to the same watershed.
Several discharges within a system that are similar in nature.
Individual discharges from municipal separate storm sewers within the
system.
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Main Storm System
Sewer Line
City X discharges most of its stormwater into City Y's
separate storm sewer system and City Y ultimately
discharges to waters of the U.S. The two cities should
submit a joint permit application.
Figure 2-1. Example of a Joint Application
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Designation Authority
Under the rule, small municipal separate storm sewer systems (less than 100,000) that
are owned or operated by a municipality other than those identified in the NPDES
regulations can be designated by the Director as part of the large or medium municipal
separate storm sewer system due to the interrelationship between the discharges of the
designated storm sewer and the discharges from municipal separate storm sewers. In
making this determination the Director may consider the following factors:
(A) physical interconnections between the municipal separate storm sewers;
(B) the location of discharges from the designated municipal separate storm
sewer relative to discharges from municipal separate storm sewers systems;
(C) the quantity and nature of pollutants discharged to waters of the United
States;
(D) the nature of the receiving waters; or
(E) other relevant factors.
Petitions
Storm Water Management Pregional Authorities
The Director may, upon petition, designate as a system, any municipal separate storm
sewers located within the boundaries of a region defined by a storm water management
regional authority. Such an authority can be based on a jurisdictional, watershed, or
other appropriate basis that includes one or more of the systems as covered in the
regulations.
CSO Population Reduction
Also, if a municipality's storm sewer system is composed of both separate and combined
sewers, the municipality may petition the EPA to reduce its listed population. The
regulation states that the listed population served by such separate storm sewer systems
20
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may be reduced to account for storm water discharged to combined sewers and treated
in a POTW. Hence, discharges to combined sewers are not always treated due to
combined sewer overflows. In municipalities with combined sewers, the Census
estimates of population may be reduced by using the following method:
Reduce the population by an amount proportional to the fraction of length of
combined sewers over the sum of the lengths of combined sewers and municipal
separate storm sewers.
The applicant should estimate all lengths and must submit the NPDES permit number
associated with each discharge point. In addition, a map must be submitted showing
areas served by combined sewers and the location of any combined sewer overflow
discharge point. An example of this method of reducing a listed population is given in
Figure 2-2. The Director will make a final determination on any petition within 90 days
of the receipt of such petition.
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Separate
Storm Sewers
(500 miles)
Combined
Storm Sewers
(750 miles)
CityX
Service
Area
Boundary
CSO = Combined
Sewer Overflow
Estimated length of separate stormwater sewer system: 500 miles
Estimated length of combined sewer: 750 miles
The population of City X according to latest Census: 260.000
Therefore, the system is considered a Large Municipal Storm Sewer System
LARGE MUNICIPAL STORM SEWER SYSTEM
Waters of the U.S.
Fraction of combined sewer length over the sum of
combined and separate sewer lengths:
750 mi
750 mi + 500 mi
- 0.6
Reduced Population: 0.6 (260,000) - 156.QQQ
MEDIUM MUNICIPAL STORM SEWER SYSTEM
Based on this calculation, City X could petition the EPA to reduce its population
from 260,000 to 104,000, thereby making it a medium municipal storm sewer system.
This would give City X an additional 6 months to prepare and file its application
for a NPDES stormwater permit.
Figure 2-2. Method to Reduce Population In a Municipality Served by Both
Combined and Separate Stormwater Sewers
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2.2 WHO ISSUES AND ENFORCES THE PERMIT?
NPDES permits for storm water discharge will be issued for a period up to, but no
longer than 5 years by the EPA Regional office, or by the State NPDES agency, in
States where such a program has been approved and established. Appendix A contains
a list of permitting agencies responsible for issuance of the permits, by State.
Enforcement of the permit requirements will also be accomplished by the responsible
regional EPA or State permitting agency. The term "Director", as it appears in this
guidance manual, refers to the Regional EPA Administrator or the State NPDES
Program Director, whichever is applicable.
The owner or operator, as listed in the permit, of a municipal separate storm sewer
system must comply with all permit conditions applicable to that system. Any violation
of the conditions shall be considered a violation of the CWA and shall be subject to
enforcement action; permit termination, revocation and reissuance, or modification; or
denial of a permit renewal application. For example, the CWA provides that any person
who violates a permit condition shall be subject to a civil penalty not to exceed $25,000
per day of such violation. Any person who willfully or negligently violates permit
conditions shall be subject to criminal penalty of a fine of not less that $2500 nor more
than $25,000 per day of violation, or by imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or both
(40 CFR 122.41(a)). Civil and criminal penalties in delegated States may vary somewhat
from Federal penalties.
The CWA also provides that any person who falsifies, tampers with, or knowingly
renders inaccurate any monitoring device or method required to be maintained under
this permit shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 per
violation, or by imprisonment for not more than 2 years per violation, or by both. In
addition, any person who knowingly makes any false statement, representation, or
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certification in any record or other document submitted shall be subject to the same
punitive action (40 CFR 122.41G)(5) and (k)(2)).
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3.0
COMPLETING THE PERMIT APPLICATION
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3.1 WHAT ARE THE PERMIT APPLICATION DEADLINES?
The steps involved with permit application preparation, and a recommended schedule
for completion of parts of the application are shown on Figure 3-1. The recommended
schedule is based on the estimated minimum amount of time needed to complete tasks
and compile data for each section of the application. The estimates have been made
based on performance of a case study of a medium municipality in California. The
schedule has been formatted to show the order in which some of the sections should be
completed so that an applicant can complete the application in a timely, efficient, and
cost-effective manner.
The deadlines for submittal of an application, based on the regulations, are listed below.
Large Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (Population greater than 250,000)
Submit Part 1 of the application to the permitting authority -
November 18, 1991.
Director approves or denies the sampling plan described in Part 1 of the
application - 90 days after receiving Part 1 of the application.
Submit Part 2 of the application to the permitting authority -
November 16, 1992
Medium Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (Population greater than 100,000, but
less than 250,000)
Submit Part 1 of the application to the permitting authority -
May 18, 1992
Director approves or denies the sampling plan described in Part 1 of the
application - 90 days after receiving Part 1 of the application.
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Submit Part 2 of the application to the permitting authority
May 17, 1993
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TASKS
DEVELOP PLAN TO COMPLETE APPLICATION
- Designate contact person for entire application
- Delegate work to complete sections of the application as appropriate
DEFINE AND DESCRIBE THE STORMWATER SYSTEM
- Designate "Major Outfalls' in the system (assumes availability of storm sewer maps)
LEGAL, AllTHORITY
- Describe existing legal authority to control discharges to the system
- Describe additional authority required to control discharges
- Statement of schedule and commitment to seek/establish addtional authority
SOURCE IDENTIFICATION
- Prepare 7 1/2 minute scale topographic map for area served by separate storm sewer system
- Compile data for each major outfall (drainage area, outfall diameter, land use types within each drainage area,
runoff coefficients, etc.)
- Compile information on all major industries which discharge to the separate system
- Identify all publicly owned lands within the system service area and locate on the topographic map
- Compile information for all dosed or operating municipal landfills or treatment, storage, disposal facilities and
indicate location on topographic map
- Compile information for each known discharge to the system which has been issued a NPDES permit, and
locate each on the topographic map
- Compile information for each major structural control of stormwater discharge within the system, and locate
each on the topographic map
DISCHARGE CHARACTERIZATION
- Compile precipitation data (mean rainfall, mean snowfall, no. of storms, period of record)
- Compile existing stormwater hydrologic and water quality data and locate sample points on the
topographic map
- Compile existing receiving water quantitative date for the system
- Conduct dry weather field screening analysis for illicit connections and illegal dumping
PREPARE A CHARACTERIZATION PLAN
DESCRIBE EXISTING MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
- Describe method to control disharge of pollutants from the system
- Describe method to identify illicit discharges
FINAL PERMIT APPLICATION
- Review and compile all information, prepare application & submit
Tlrm in Moi
234
tsma>
W^3
1 ^SSW^SSfWh-:?'
ith* From Effective Date of Final Rule
1
1
1
10 11 12
1
1
Hto Part 1
of Permit
Application
Figure 3-1. Recommended Timeline for Completing Sections
of the NPDES Stormwater Permit Application
LEGEND
This task should be completed
during time specified due to interdependence with other tasks
The timeframe given for this task is recommended, the task could be
completed at any time during the permit application process
Note that the bars shown on this figure do not indicate an estimate of the labor hours needed to complete the tasks
The timeframe given for each task allows for preparation and review of documents and takes into account a
municipality's approval process.
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3.2 WHERE TO SUBMIT THE APPLICATION?
Appendix A contains a list of the mailing addresses and the telephone numbers of the
State and EPA regional permitting agencies. The agencies listed for each State are
those responsible for issuing the permit and enforcing and providing guidance for the
storm water regulations in that particular state. Personnel in these offices should be
contacted when questions arise during the preparation of the application, and completed
permit applications should be submitted to the locations indicated.
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3.3 IS THE APPLICATION COMPLETE?
As described in the regulations (40 CFR 122.26(e)(3)), every application will be
reviewed and a decision to deny or approve a sampling plan under
40 CFR 122.26(d)(l)(iv)(E) will be made by the Director within 90 days of its receipt.
Of course, applications which do not contain all information required to be submitted
(40 CFR 122.26(d)) may have their plan denied for this reason. To avoid this problem,
the completeness checklist contained in Table 3-1 can be helpful in developing the
application. It is recommended that every applicant review the checklist prior to, during,
and after preparation of the application, to ensure that all necessary requirements have
been met.
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Table 3-1. PERMIT APPLICATION CHECKLIST
ACTION
1. Contact the State NPDES Program or EPA Regional
office to obtain guidance, instructions, and
contact name (see Appendix A of for the name and
address of the permitting agency in your State).
2. Determine the submittal deadlines for the permit
application from the regulations:
Parti
Part 2
(from Section 3.0 of the Guidance Manual)
3. Part I of the application General Information
Is the name, address, and telephone number of
applicant provided?
Is the name, address, and telephone number of contact
person at the municipality provided?
Is the ownership or operator of the municipal separate
storm water facility described?
4. Section II of the application - Legal Authority
Is a description of existing or proposed legal authority
for each of the five areas outlined in the permit
application provided?
Authority to prohibit/limit discharges from
industrial activity
Authority to prohibit illicit discharges to
storm sewer
Authority to control discharges from spills, dumping,
and illegal disposal
For joint applicants, authority to set up interagency
agreements
Authority to require compliance with all ordinances and
regulations which control discharges
NAME OF
CHECK PERSON
WHEN COMPLETING
COMPLETED CHECKLIST
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Table 3-1. PERMIT APPLICATION CHECKLIST
ACTION
If the authority for any of the above does not exist in the
municipality, has a schedule for obtaining additional
required authority been included?
5. Section in of the application - Source Identification
Is the required topographic or site map attached?
Are the following features detailed clearly on the map or
otherwise identified?
Location of outfalls
Location of landfills and TSD facilities
Location of NPDES discharges
Location of major structural controls for storm
water discharge
Does the application clearly indicate the following:
Land use types within each drainage area served
by the municipal separate storm sewer system
For each land use identified:
% of the drainage area within that land use
Population density
Projected growth in population
Runoff coefficient
Location of major structural controls
For each publicly-owned land use identified:
Owner, address and description
NAME OF
CHECK PERSON
WHEN COMPLETING
COMPLETED CHECKLIST
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Table 3-1. PERMIT APPLICATION CHECKLIST
ACTION
6. Section IV of the application - Discharge Characterization
Have all necessary precipitation data including monthly mean
rain/snow fall estimates, average number of storm events per
month and period of record analyzed been provided?
Have existing quantitative data describing volume and
quality of discharges from the storm sewer been compiled?
Is a list of the water bodies that receive discharges from the
storm sewerprovided, briefly describing the beneficial uses, water
quality objectives, and water quality impacts to that water body?
Are the analytical methods to be used in the field
screening analysis to analyze the samples collected at
outfalls shown on the topo map, and a description of the
field screening program provided?
Following the field inspection of all major outfalls, are
the results documented?
Are the location of where grab samples were
obtained for dry field screening analysis indicated?
7. Section V of the application Management Programs
Was the existing management program to control pollutant
discharge into the storm sewer system described, and
does it include the following required elements?
description of existing structural and source controls
operation and maintenance measures for the controls
an estimate of the reduction of pollutant loads (for
Part 2)
Were existing program to identify illicit connections
connections to the storm sewer described, including the following
required elements:
description of inspection procedures and methods to
detect illicit discharges
NAME OF
CHECK PERSON
WHEN COMPLETING
COMPLETED CHECKLIST
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Table 3-1. PERMIT APPLICATION CHECKLIST
NAME OF
CHECK PERSON
WHEN COMPLETING
ACTION COMPLETED CHECKLIST
description of the areas in which this program has been
implemented to date
8. Fiscal Resources
description of the financial resources currently available
to your municipality to complete Part 2.
description of your municipality's budget for existing storm
water programs, including overview of your municipality's
financial resources and budget.
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4.0
DETAILED GUIDANCE FOR
PART 1 OF APPLICATION
This section provides detailed guidance on information needed to satisfy Part 1 of the
municipal NPDES storm water application requirements. The NPDES municipal storm
water application requests information on six topics: General Information, Legal
Authority, Source Identification, Discharge Characterization, Management Programs, and
Fiscal Resources. Each of these topics is covered in a separate section. Each section
follows the format below:
The relevant part of the regulation is supplied or summarized.
The intent of the regulation is summarized.
Background information and a discussion of the regulation is provided.
A procedure to follow which satisfies the requirements of the regulation is
given.
An example showing the type of information requested is provided.
In order to ensure that the application is complete and correct, the applicant should
refer to this section when completing the application.
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4.1 GENERAL INFORMATION
Regulation
40 CFR 122.26(d)(l)(i)
The Applicant's name, address, telephone number of contact person, ownership status and
status as a State or local Government entity.
Intent
Supply information about applicant and ownership of separate storm sewer system.
Background and Discussion
There are two types of applications; individual and joint. An individual application must
be filed by a single municipality which owns the entire separate storm sewer system. A
joint application can be filed when two or more municipalities (co-applicants) share
portions of the same separate storm sewer system, or are interconnected to each other,
whereby one municipality's storm water is discharged to another's system.
Include with the application the name, address and telephone number of the agency or
agencies applying for the permit as well as the name of the individual to contact if there
are questions concerning the application. Include the type of agency with the name;
state, municipal or other (e.g., flood control district). If the application is a joint
application, include one contact for each agency on the application; however, a single
individual should be designated as the prime contact. Include an address and telephone
number corresponding to each name on the application.
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The description of the ownership status should include the names of all owners of the
system and the approximate percentage owned by each. For example, if a local flood
control district owns and maintains all open channel conveyances, then their name would
be included on the application as a co-owner. If one agency owns the storm sewer but
another maintains it; the operator applies for the permit.
Figure 4-2 is a map of a portion of City X's sewer system showing which segments are
owned by the city and which are owned by the local flood control district. The general
information submitted by City X is presented in Figure 4-1. In this case, City X and the
local flood control district apply as co-applicants for the permit since the storm sewer
system is owned by both of them.
Example
Figure 4-1. General Information Supplied with City X's Storm Water Permit Application
Individual Application Joint Application X
Name of Applicant: Cirv X and Flood Control District Y
Contact Person(s): 1. John Smith, Deputy Director of Public Works
for City (Primary Contact)
2. Jane Jones, Director. Flood Control District
Address: 1. 123 Elm St., City X, California xmx
2. 456 Main St.. City X, California xxxxx
Telephone No.: 1. (415)123-4567
2. (415)765-4321
Ownership Status: The city owns and maintains approximately 80% of
the storm sewers within the city limits. The
Flood Control District owns and maintains 20% of
the storm sewers. Figure 4-2 shows the ownership
of the different storm sewer lines.
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LAND USE
RESIDENTIAL
(HIGH DENSITY)
RESIDENTIAL
(MEDIUM DENSITY)
COMMERCIAL
UNDEVELOPED
INDUSTRIAL
LEGEND
MAP NOTATION BOUNDARY DESIGNATION
RH
RM
^
u
1
STORM SEWER
OWNERSHIP
CITYX
Field Screening
Open Concrete Channel -^
Open Concrete Channel
Figure 4-2. SEWER MAP FOR CITY X (EXAMPLE 1) SHOWING
COUNTY AND CITY OWNERSHIP, GRID CELLS AND
LOCATION OF SCREENING LEVEL SAMPLING SITES
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4.2 LEGAL AUTHORITY
Regulation
40 CFR 122.26(d)(l)(ii) -- Part 1 requirements
A description of existing legal authority to control discharges to the municipal separate storm
sewer system. When existing legal authority is not sufficient to meet the criteria provided in
paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section, the description shall list additional authorities as will be
necessary to meet the criteria and shall include a schedule and commitment to seek such
additional authority that will be needed to meet the criteria.
40 CFR 122.26(d)(2)(i) - Part 2 requirements
A demonstration that the applicant can operate pursuant to legal authority established by
statute, ordinance or series of contracts which authorizes or enables the applicant at a
minimum to:
(A) control through ordinance, permit, contract, order or similar means, the
contribution of pollutants to the municipal storm sewer by storm water discharges associated
with industrial activity and the quality of storm water discharged from sites of industrial
activity;
(B) prohibit through ordinance, order or similar means, illicit discharges to the
municipal separate storm sewer;
(C) control through ordinance, order or similar means the discharge to a municipal
separate storm sewer of spills, dumping or disposal of materials other than storm water;
(D) control through interagency agreements among coapplicants the contribution of
pollutants from one portion of the municipal system to another portion of the municipal
system;
(E) require compliance with conditions in ordinances, permits, contracts or orders;
and
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(F) carry out all inspection, surveillance and monitoring procedures necessary to
determine compliance and noncompliance with permit conditions including the prohibition
on illicit discharges to the municipal separate storm sewer.
Intent
EPA intends that the applicant (e.g., municipality) be primarily responsible for
controlling most discharges or flows (quality and quantity) to its separate storm sewers.
The applicant must have the authority to control discharges to the separate storm sewers
and have the authority to impose penalties sufficient to enforce compliance.
enforcement.
With regard to storm water discharges associated with industrial activity, responsibility
for control of these discharges will lie both with NPDES permit issuing authorities and
municipalities. Municipalities will need adequate legal authorities to conduct inspections
and perform monitoring to insure that municipal landfills, hazardous waste treatment,
disposal and recovery facilities, industrial facilities that are subject to Section 313 of
Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), and
industrial facilities that the municipal permit applicant determines are contributing a
substantial pollutant loading to the municipal storm sewer system facilities are complying
with NPDES permits issued to those facilities.
Background And Discussion
Most local agencies regulate the quantity and quality of flow in their separate storm
sewers. To satisfy the requirements of the permit application, the applicant must show
what legal authority it has and what additional legal authority it needs.
The legal authority for local jurisdictions to enact specific ordinances controlling
discharges to the separate storm sewer system usually derives from the state, either
through the state constitution or through state statute. It is important that relevant
statutes or constitutional sections (or their descriptions) be included with the application.
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Applicants should include a discussion on their ability to enforce regulations controlling
discharges to their storm sewers based on existing and demonstrated legal authority. An
agency may have the authority to pass ordinances controlling these discharges to its
separate storm sewers yet currently lack budgeted resources to enforce these ordinances.
Procedure for Describing Existing Legal Authority
Step 1 Obtain Copies Of Relevant State Statutes Or Constitutional Sections.
These should be the sections which describe the legal authority granted to
the applicant. A statement from the local government's attorney describing
the municipalities legal authority can also be included. If the municipality
lacks the legal authority to fulfill the requirements of 122.26(d)(2)(i), the
applicant should describe the necessary steps which will be taken to obtain
the authority and a schedule for obtaining it.
Step 2 Provide a Copy of Local Ordinances Regulating Discharges to the
Municipal Separate Storm Sewers. These ordinances would include
erosion control plans, flood control ordinances, zoning ordinances when
they regulate building near water sources, or other local ordinances which
affect urban runoff. Again where necessary ordinances are not in
existence, the permit applicant must provide a schedule for obtaining the
authority.
Step 3 Provide A Description Of Constraints. These include any inadequacies
and/or constraints under existing laws or statutes that might prevent the
municipality from effectively enforcing ordinances which govern discharges
to its separate storm sewer system. A description of actions and a
schedule to mitigate or eliminate these constraints shall also be provided
by the applicant.
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Figure 4-3. EXAMPLE PRESENTATION OF LEGAL AUTHORITY
The following serves to demonstrate how legal authorities may be presented in the
application, and exemplify the types of authorities some municipalities currently have.
The following cited legal authorities are from a hypothetical municipality and are not
intended to serve as an example of adequate or appropriate authority. Rather, legal
authorities will be evaluated on case-by-case basis by NPDES permitting authorities, as
municipal part 1 permit application are assessed as a whole.
A. Legal authority in place which controls through ordinance, permit, contract, order or
similar means, the contribution of pollutants to the municipal storm sewer by storm
water discharges associated with industrial activity and the quality of storm water
discharged from sites of industrial activity.
Applicant's Response:
The municipality is chartered by the State Constitution and as such has broad general
police powers to enact legislation for health and public welfare of the community to the
extent not preempted by Federal or State law.
Municipal Code Section 1-1 provides criminal penalties of fines and imprisonment for
nuisances including the discharge of waters containing toxic or poisonous solids,
liquids, or gases which constitute a hazard to humans or animals, cause corrosion,
discoloration or deposition on structures and equipment Section 1-2 of the Municipal
Code requires an erosion control plan for construction activity. Section 1-3 prohibits
the dumping of junk, refuse, garbage and dirt into a stream; Section 1-4 prohibits the
placement of rubbish in a lake, stream, or storm sewer if it interferes with the flow, and,
Section 1-5 gives the municipal the authority to abate a nuisance. Section 2-1
authorizes the municipal police and health department to inspect storm drainage
system, receive complaints, investigate complaints, and enter upon private or public
property for inspection and investigation of possible discharges of pollutants into any
waters.
(Applicant should attach relevant sections of the law)
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B. Legal authority which prohibits illicit (unpermitted non-stormwater) discharges to the
storm sewer. An example of an illicit discharge is a connection to the separate storm
sewer from a sanitary sewer line.
Applicant's Response:
As noted above municipal code section 1-1 provides criminal penalties of fines and
imprisonment for nuisances including the discharge of waters containing toxic or
poisonous solids, liquids, or gases which constitute a hazard to humans or animals,
cause corrosion, discoloration or deposition on structures and equipment Section 1-3
prohibits the dumping of junk, refuse, garbage and dirt into a lake, stream, or other
body of water; Section 1-4 prohibits the placement of rubbish in a lake, stream, or
storm sewer if it interferes with the flow, and, Section 1-5 gives the municipality the
authority to abate a nuisance.
The municipality intends to amend section 1-1 and 1-3 to specifically prohibit the above
discharges to separate storm sewers and specifically provide for the prohibition on
sanitary discharges to separate storm sewers by November 16, 1992.
(Applicant should attach relevant portions of municipal code and may include draft of
scheduled amendments)
C. Legal authority to control through ordinance, order or similar means the discharge
to a municipal separate storm sewer of spills, dumping or disposal of materials other
than storm water;
Applicant's Response:
In addition to the authorities previously noted the following legal authority is available.
Section 1-6 of the municipal code makes it a crime to throw, discharge, or otherwise
cause to be placed in water of any lake, stream, or any other body of water, any
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substance, matter or thing, liquid or solid, which will or may result in the pollution of
said waters.
The municipality intends to amend this provision to specifically address the discharge
or placement of pollutants into separate storm sewers by November 16, 1992.
D. Interagency agreements set up between coapplicants to control the contributions of
pollutants from one part of the storm sewer system to another portion of the system.
(Not applicable to applicants who own the entire separate storm sewer system; state if
the applicant owns or controls all portions of the storm sewer system).
Applicant's Response:
The municipality may enter into joint powers agreements pursuant to municipal code
Section 500 et seq. Currently, no such agreements exist on the topic of storm drainage.
The municipality will to enter into a cooperative agreement with the County Flood
Control District to fully control discharges to the storm sewer system.
After approval of Part 1 of the application by the EPA, the municipality will meet with
the County Flood Control District to form an agreement before submittal of Part 2 of
the application on November 16, 1992. (Applicant should attach a draft of the
agreement)
(Applicant should attach all relevant portions of the cited code)
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E. Legal authority which requires compliance with conditions in ordinances, permits,
contracts or orders.
Applicant's Response:
Municipal code section 4-1 requires dischargers of pollutants to any lake, stream or
other body of water to report the discharge to the Director of the municipal health
department
The municipal code provides for criminal and civil penalties for addition of pollutants
harmful to human health to the environment including lakes, streams, and other bodies
of water. (Applicant should set forth what these criminal and civil penalties are.) The
municipality intends to expand this provision to specifically include the addition of
pollutants to the separate storm sewers by November 17, 1992.
As note above the municipal code establishes that the introduction of any liquids other
than water into the separate storm sewer as a criminal misdemeanor, punishable by fine
and/or imprisonment The Municipal Code Enforcement Office has the express role of
issuing citations and preparing arrest warrants for violations of municipal codes.
Every day the ordinance is violated can be considered a separate violation. The
municipal also has the option to bring a civil suit Violation of an injunction issued
because of a civil suit can result in more severe penalties.
(Applicant should attach relevant portion of each cited code)
F. Sufficient authority to carry out all inspection, surveillance and monitoring
procedures necessary to ensure that permit and ordinance conditions are being complied
with, including prohibiting illicit discharges to the storm sewer.
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Applicant's Response:
As noted above, section 2-1 authorizes the municipal police and health department to
inspect storm drainage system, receive complaints, investigate complaints, and enter
upon private or public property for inspection and investigation of possible pollution of
any waters.
Municipality intends to amend this section to specifically address the inspection and
investigation of illicit discharges by November 16, 1992.
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4.3 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION
Regulation
40 CFR 122.26(d)(l)(iii)
The regulation requests two types of information: information on the historic use of
ordinances, guidance, or other controls which limit discharges to Publicly Owned
Treatment Works; and a description of the watersheds within the municipality.
(A) A description of the historic use of ordinances, guidance or other controls which
limited the discharge of non-storm water discharges to any Publicly Owned Treatment
Works serving the same area as the municipal separate storm sewer system.
(B) A USGS 7.5 minute topographic map (or equivalent topographic map with a
scale between 1:10,000 and 1:24,000 if cost-effective) extending one mile beyond the
service boundaries of the municipal storm sewer system covered by the permit
application. The following information shall be provided:
1. The location of known municipal storm sewer system outfalls
discharging to waters of the United States;
2. A description of the land use activities (e.g. divisions indicating
undeveloped, residential, commercial, agricultural and industrial uses)
accompanied with estimates of population densities and projected
growth for a ten year period within the drainage area served by the
separate storm sewer. For each land use type, an estimate of an
average runoff coefficient shall be provided;
3. The location and a description of the activities of the facility of each
currently operating or closed municipal landfill or other treatment,
storage or disposal facility for municipal waste;
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4. The location and the permit number of any known discharge to the
municipal storm sewer that has been issued a NPDES permit;
5. The location of major structural controls for storm water discharge
(retention basins, detention basins, major infiltration devices, etc.); and
6. The identification of publicly owned parks, recreational areas, and
other open lands.
Intent
This section of the application is intended to identify possible sources of pollutants to
the separate storm sewer system and to identify possible locations for treatment based
controls. This information is intended to provide the applicant with a better
understanding of potential water quality problems which might be encountered and
forms a starting point for the development of a storm water management program.
Background And Discussion
The regulation requires two types of information: information on prohibited discharges
to the sanitary sewer; and information on sources of storm water to the separate storm
sewer system.
Municipalities or local agencies which operate their own waste water treatment plants
typically prohibit certain discharges to their treatment plant if these discharges adversely
affect operation of the treatment plant. For example, a municipality may prohibit the
discharge of non-contact cooling water to the sanitary sewer if it hydraulically overloads
the treatment plant. Other discharges (such as metals and petroleum hydrocarbons) may
be prohibited if they interfere with treatment processes (e.g., biological processes). If a
discharge is prohibited from the sanitary sewer it becomes a possible source to the storm
sewer.
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Various broad categories of land use may contribute different pollutants to the storm
sewer system and may discharge them in different ways. For example, in residential
areas non-storm water discharges generally consist of spills (e.g., motor oil, old paint)
and runoff from lawn watering (which could contain pesticides) and car washing. By
contrast, commercial land use areas can contain a high number of illicit connections.
For example, the Huron River Pollution Abatement Program inspected 660 businesses,
homes and other buildings located in Washtenaw County, Michigan and identified 14%
of the buildings as having improper storm drain connections. Illicit discharges were
detected at a higher rate of 60% for automobile related businesses, including service
stations, automobile dealerships, car washes, body shops and light industrial facilities.
The regulation requires the applicant to submit the location and description of known
storm sewer system outfalls discharging to waters of the U.S. In addition, the regulation
requires a description includes land use activities, area and population data. By
compiling this information on all outfalls, the applicant and the permitting authority can
identify those areas most likely to be sources of pollutants to the receiving waters.
Source control is generally cheaper and easier to implement in most U.S. municipalities
than treatment-based control. Also, EPA's philosophy on pollution prevention is to
emphasize source control where possible. For these reasons, the regulations require the
applicant to submit data on possible sources of pollutants to the storm sewer system.
These sources include industries, municipal landfills, and discharges that have been
issued NPbES permits.
However, sometimes treatment based controls will be necessary in addition to source
controls. One cost effective method of treating storm water is to retrofit existing flood
control structures. For example, retrofitting a detention basin to contain storm water
until a significant fraction of the suspended solids have settled may result in a significant
increase in storm water quality. Since it is important to be aware of possible treatment
options, the regulations require the applicant to submit information on the location of
existing storm water controls. Public land is necessary if new structures are to be built;
therefore, the regulations require the applicant to identify the location of these lands.
49
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Procedure for Source Identification:
Step 1 Include A Copy Of Any Ordinances Limiting Discharges To The
Publicly Owned Waste Treatment Plant. This would include a
description of any pretreatment programs that exist, any interagency
agreements (for a sanitary sewer district for example) or municipal
ordinances. Also include a description of the use of historic
ordinances (no longer effective).
Step 2 Obtain Copies Of 7.5 Minute Topographic Maps. The maps need
to cover an area which extends at least one mile beyond the
boundaries of the storm sewer system. This will usually require
more than one map. If unavailable, a map (or maps) with a scale
of between 1:10,000 to 1:24,000 can be substituted. USGS maps
can be obtained from most USGS offices and local map and
outdoor stores throughout the U.S. at a nominal fee. If maps other
than topographic maps are already available at these scales, they
can be used in place of the topographic maps (for example, if
topographic maps are unavailable or the information has already
been recorded on municipal base maps).
Step 3 Locate Waters Of The United States. Identify on the map, all
Waters of the United States. The definition of Waters of the
United States is given in Appendix C. This definition may be hard
to apply in some instances. The following guidelines can help
determine which drainage conveyances are considered Waters of the
U.S. However, to determine the status of any specific conveyance it
is essential that the appropriate State (or EPA Regional Office) be
50
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contacted. Examples of waters usually involved in the definition
are;
If flow is year round and of natural origin, it is a Water of the United
States.
If the flow is intermittent but flows seasonally (not just during storm
events) it is a Water of the United States.
If Federal or State instream water quality standards apply, it is a Water of
the United States.
Naturally occurring drainage ditches are considered "tributaries thereof" to
Waters of the United States.
Step 4 Obtain A Sewer Map Of The Storm Sewer System. A current map
of the municipal storm sewer is important to complete this portion
of the application. It will also be important when a municipality
develops its management plans. If a map is unavailable, the
municipality should begin to prepare adequate maps and/or
overlays. Typical map scales are on the order of 1 in = 100 ft to
1 in = 500 ft.
Step 5 Locate All Outfalls. The term outfall means a point source as
defined by 40 CFR 122.2 at the point where a municipal separate
storm sewer discharges to Waters of the United States and does not
include open conveyances connecting two municipal separate storm
sewers, or pipes, tunnels or other conveyances which connect segments
of the same stream or other waters of the United States and are used
to convey waters of the United States.
Step 6 Mark The Location Of The Outfalls On The Topographic Map
Obtained In Step 1. Identify each outfall using a unique label (e.g.,
Ol, O2, AM, Al-2).
51
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Step 7 Identify The Land Uses (Undeveloped, Residential, Commercial,
Agricultural And Industrial) in the Municipality Served by the
Separate Storm Sewer. These should be actual land uses; not
necessarily zoning designations. Distinguish between heavy industry
(e.g., manufacturing) and light industry (industrial parks). Include
the fraction associated with each land use type. If this information
is not available it may be estimated from aerial photographs. If
neither land use information nor aerial photographs are available
then zoning maps can be used. Care should be taken when using
zoning maps since they usually represent proposed or planned land
use, rather than actual land use. To minimize errors, zoning maps
should only be used by someone familiar with land use in the
municipality (e.g., planning department).
Step 8 Estimate The Population Density And Estimated Growth with the
Drainage Area Served by the Municipality. These estimates can
usually be obtained from the municipal Planning or Public Works
Departments. If the available data is not detailed enough to
distinguish the population density of each individual drainage, then
use estimates of the average population density for each land use
type to estimate the population density of a drainage. Equation 4-
1 can be used to calculate the land use weighted average population
density:
Equation 4-1:
PD = ._E (F, x ED,)
Where:
PD = Population density of the drainage,
FJ = Fraction of the drainage in land use i
PDi = Population density of land use i
N = Number of different land uses in the drainage
After assigning population densities using the above equation, the total
population provided by these estimates should be compared to the actual
52
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population. If they disagree, adjust the densities accordingly. Population
growth rates can usually be obtained from the municipal planning
department.
Step 9 It is recomended that the applicant begin to compile information on
all dischargers of storm water associated with industrial activity to
the municipal separate storm sewer system. This information
should be kept on site for use in the development of the storm
water management program and for submission in the source
identification portions in Part 2 (40 CFR 122.26(d)(2)(ii)).
Step 10 Identify the location on the map of each currently occupied or closed
municipal landfill (LF) or hazardous waste treatment, storage or disposal
(TSD) facility and label on the topographic map. Indicate in a table the
name of the facility, the status (open/closed), the type (LF or TSD),
address. Label the location on the topographic map from Step 2.
Step 11 Identify the location of any known discharge to the storm water system
that has been issued an NPDES permit. Label each location on the
topographic map in Step 2. On a table provide: the name of the permit
holder/facility; the address and the NPDES permit number.
NPDES programs have been approved in 39 States, placing responsibility
for issuing NPDES permits with the designated State agency. The NPDES
state agency contacts and the EPA Regional contacts for unapproved states
are listed in Appendix A. These agencies should be contacted to compile
the necessary information for this section.
Step 12 Locate any major structural controls for storm water discharges, such as
retention basins, detention basins and major infiltration devices. Label
each location on the topographic map. The location of such controls may
already be shown on city, county or Public Works maps.
53
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Step 13 Identify publicly-owned lands located within the separate storm sewer
system service area. Such lands include public parks, recreation areas,
municipal buildings, and public utility lands. Public roads with the
exception of freeways, interstate highways and major arterials do not have
to be included. Identify publicly-owned lands on the map from Step 2. In
a table provide: the owner; the address; the description (i.e., name/land
use).
Example
City X owns its waste water treatment plant but discharges through an outfall owned
and maintained by the Dischargers Authority, a multi-government agency set up to
maintain a shared outfall. Table 4-1 lists the Municipal and Dischargers Authority
regulations which limit discharges to the waste treatment plant.
Four 7.5 minute topographic maps are required which cover the area drained by City
X's storm sewer system. Figure 4-4 shows a portion of one of these maps. Line A,
shown on the map, flows seasonally so was identified as a Water of the United States in
Step 3 of the procedures. In the figure, the KNOWN outfalls along Line A are
indicated. It should be noted that Line A does not drain the entire area shown in
Figure 4-4, other storm drains, not shown, drain parts of the area. The outfalls shown in
Figure 4-4 were identified using the city storm sewer maps. They constitute the
KNOWN outfalls. Since some areas are not covered by up-to-date storm sewer maps,
additional outfalls along this line will be identified for Part 2 of the application. The
location of each of the identified outfalls is given in Table 4-2. If outfalls are identified
on the map, the longitude and latitude information is not required. It should be noted
that even though the population growth in the drainages presented is expected to be
negligible over the next ten years, the population will increase in other parts of the city.
Growth rates for these parts of the city would be presented in additional tables. Table
4-3 lists the industrial facilities which may discharge to Line A. Table 4-4 lists all of the
publicly owned land in the drainage of Line A. This does not include roads or small
54
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city parks. The purpose of identifying publicly owned lands is to identify areas that
could be used as part of a management program in the future. No permitted discharges,
landfill or treatment facilities or structural controls of storm water are located in this
drainage.
55
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Table 4-1. MUNICIPAL AND DISCHARGERS AUTHORITY ORDINANCES LIMITING
DISCHARGES TO THE POTW
Ordinance, Guidance
or Control Name and
Number
Description of Ordinance
City X Municipal Code, Sanitary
Sewer System, Article 3, Section
11-3.383
Dischargers Authority - Uniform
Wasterwater Discharge
Regulations
Prohibits any connection between the sewer and any swimming pool
Section 2.01
Section 2.02
Section 2.03
Section 2.04
Section 2.05
Section 2.07
Section 2.08
Prohibits discharges which cause a nuisance, interfere
with the treatment process or is in a quantity which
would overload the treatment facilities.
Prohibits the discharge of stormwater, groundwater,
rainwater, street drainage, subsurface or yard drainage
Prohibits the discharge of unpolluted water
Prohibits the discharge of radioactive wastes
Places limits on the use of food grinders
Places limits on discharges from holding tanks
Places limits on waste strength (quality)
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-*&r^*
Figure 4-4. LOCATION OF KNOWN MAJOR
OUTFALLS ON LINE A IN CITY X
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Table 4-2. LOCATION OF KNOWN OUTFALLS ALONG LINE A
Outfall
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Deg.
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
Latitude
Min.
38
38
37
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
Longitude
Sec.
45
45
45
40
40
40
40
40
50
50
0
5
45
Deg.
122
122
122
122
122
122
122
122
122
122
122
122
122
Min.
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
5
8
Sec.
15
15
30
10
10
5
45
40
15
15
5
50
15
NOTE: If the Location is identified on the map, this Table would not be necessary.
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Table 4-3. INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES THAT HAVE BEEN ISSUED AN NPDES PERMIT
LOCATED IN CATCHMENT TO LINE A
Name
Address
Geographical Location
Description Latitude Longitude
(SIC code) Peg. Min. Sec. Peg. Min. Sec.
K-T Metal 2436 American Ave.
Finishing
37 38 50 122 07 30
Belvedere Labs 21093 Forbes
2894
37 38 50 122 08 00
Kruger Pickle 22958 Sakian Rd. 2035
Factory
37 39 30 122 07 00
Robinson Metal 2303 American Ave.
Finishing
37 39 30 122 07 00
American Fund 2412 American Ave.
Equipment
Shaping
37 39 30 122 07 00
Bateman 2379 American Ave.
Manufacturing
Co.
37 39 30 122 07 00
CAR Tool Mfg. 23850 Clawiter Rd.
Co.
37 39 30 122 07 00
Note: Geographical location by longitude/latitude is not a requirement, if located on the
topographic map.
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Table 4-4. PUBLICLY OWNED LANDS ALONG LINE A IN CITY X
Geographical Location
Description Latitude Longitude
(Name/Land
Owner Address Use) Peg. Min. Sec. Peg. Min. Sec.
City X 25555 Hesperian City X Comm. 37 38 30 122 06 15
Community Blvd. College
College/
Community
College
District
County X 399 Elmwood St. Court House 37 38 45 122 08 15
Building/ & Public Works
County
Note: Geographical location by longitude/latitude is not a requirement where located on
the topographic map.
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4.4 DISCHARGE CHARACTERIZATION
This section provides guidance to complete Section IV, Part 1 of the permit application,
by describing the procedures to be followed by the applicant in order to characterize the
municipal discharge. It consists of three subsections: Existing precipitation and water
quality data, field screening analysis, and characterization plan.
4.4.1 Existing Precipitation And Water Quality Data
The Regulation
40 CFR 122.26(d)(l)(iv)
This portion of the application is designed to provide the permitting authority with
existing data describing storm water discharges. It requires information in three areas,
as summarized below. The complete regulation is given in Appendix B.
A. Monthly mean rain and snow fall estimates (or summary of weather bureau
data) and the monthly average number of storm events.
B. Existing quantitative data describing the volume and quality of discharges
from the municipal storm sewer, including a description of the outfalls
sampled, sampling procedures and analytical methods used.
C. A list of water bodies that receive discharges from the municipal separate
storm sewer system, including downstream segments, lakes and estuaries,
where pollutants from the system discharges may accumulate and cause water
degradation and a brief description of known water quality impacts. At a
minimum, the description of impacts shall include a description of whether
the water bodies receiving such discharges have been:
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1. Assessed and reported in Section 305(b) reports submitted by the State,
the basis for the assessment (evaluated or monitored), a summary of
designated use support and attainment of Clean Water Act (CWA)
goals (fishable and swimmable waters), and causes of nonsupport of
designated uses;
2. Listed under Section 304(1) (1) (A) (i), 304(1) (1) (A) (ii), or 304(1) (1) (B)
of the CWA that is not expected to meet water quality standards or
water quality goals;
3. Listed in State Nonpoint Source Assessments required by Section
319(a) of the CWA that, without additional action to control nonpoint
sources of pollution, cannot reasonably be expected to attain or
maintain water quality standards due to storm sewers, construction,
highway maintenance and runoff from municipal landfills and
municipal sludge adding significant pollution (or contributing to a
violation of water quality standards);
4. Identified and classified according to eutrophic condition of publicly
owned lakes listed in State reports required under Section 314(a) of the
CWA (include the following: a description of those publicly owned
lakes for which uses are known to be impaired; a description of
procedures, processes and methods to control the discharge of
pollutants from municipal separate storm sewers into such lakes; and a
description of methods and procedures to restore the quality of such
lakes);
5. Areas of concern of the Great Lakes identified by the International
Joint Commission;
6. Designated estuaries under the National Estuary Program under
Section 320 of the CWA;
7. Recognized by the applicant as highly valued or sensitive waters;
8. Defined by the State or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services's National
Wetlands Inventory as wetlands; and
9. Found to have pollutants in bottom sediments, fish tissue or biosurvey
data.
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Intent
This section of the application is intended to identify existing short and long-term water
quality problems. This is accomplished by compiling existing receiving water quality
data (short term effects) and sediment and biosurvey data (long-term effects). To
accomplish these goals, the municipality must do the following:
Obtain precipitation data.
Compile any existing water quality data.
Compile existing information on water bodies receiving discharges from
the storm sewer system including any water quality problems.
Background And Discussion
One of the goals of the NPDES storm water permit requirements is the development of
municipal storm water management plans. A principal objective of the management
plans is to control pollutant loadings into the receiving water bodies. Pollutant load is a
function of both flow quantity and quality. Before developing an effective management
plan it is necessary to estimate potential flows and to evaluate existing water quality.
Following is a brief description of each requirement.
Precipitation data is needed to estimate expected flows in the storm sewer system. For
this purpose monthly precipitation data is requested. In addition, to comply with the
monitoring requirements of Part 2 of the application a determination of the average or
median rain events is needed. A representative storm is a storm that is "typical"for the
area in terms of intensity, volume and duration. For representative sampling, the storm
must have a volume greater than 0.1 inch, must be preceded by at least 72 hours of dry
weather, and cannot vary by more than 50% from the average rainfall volume and
duration where feasible. The Director may allow or establish appropriate site specific
sampling procedures or requirements, including sampling locations, the season in which
63
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the sampling takes place, the minimum duration between previous measurable storm
event and the storm event sampled, the minimum or maximum level of precipitation
required for an appropriate storm event, the form of precipitation sampled (snow melt
or rainfall), protocols for collecting samples under 40 CFR Part 136, and additional time
for submitting data on a case-by-case basis. Determining the average storm volume and
duration may be accomplished by using a computer program such as SYNOP to
determine average storm characteristics. SYNOP was developed jointly by the EPA and
the Federal Highway Administration. SYNOP takes hourly precipitation data and sorts
it into a sequence of "storm events" based upon a user-specified minimum number of
consecutive dry hours between storms. The characteristics of each storm event (volume,
duration, intensity, etc.) is then calculated and this information is used to estimate the
average storm characteristics. These results can be used to define the appropriate
precipitation events for sampling.
Many municipalities have conducted sampling programs in their storm sewers or in
receiving waters near their outfalls. This data, depending on quality, provides
information on the existing water quality of the storm sewer discharges and is intended
to help identify locations where screening level sampling should be concentrated. For
example, if existing water quality data indicates a problem with the discharges from a
particular outfall, that outfall can be included in the screening program described in
Section 4.4.2.
The regulations (Section 122.26(d)(l)(iv)(C)) require the applicant to list the water
bodies which receive discharges from separate storm sewer systems and any identified
water quality impacts, including water bodies listed in State 305(b) reports or 304(1) lists.
The intent of this requirement is to identify existing water quality problems and
determine whether the municipal storm water discharges are a possible cause. The type
of information the applicant can obtain from the 305(b) reports and 304(1) lists is
described in the following paragraphs.
The states are required by the Clean Water Act (CWA) to submit biennial reports to
the EPA [305(b) reports] which provide an assessment of state water quality and provide
64
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data the state can use to develop water quality management plans. These reports
include, in part:
1) A description of the water quality of Waters of the United States
2) An estimate of the environmental, economic, and social costs and benefits
needed to achieve the objectives of the CWA
3) A description of the nature and extent of nonpoint source pollution
In addition to 305(b) reports, EPA requires (under Section 304(1) of the CWA) that
each state submit various lists of waters, including those waters not expected to attain or
maintain water quality standards or goals after application of effluent limitations
guidelines, as well as a list of waters not meeting the goals of the CWA. The latter list
could include waters impacted by either point or nonpoint sources of pollution.
Nonpoint sources would include those identified in state nonpoint source assessment
reports. The regulations also require a list of waters identified as impaired in the most
recent Clean Lake Assessment (Section 314 of the CWA). Specifically, EPA is
concerned about waters classified as eutrophic [Section 314(a) of the CWA]. Other
receiving waters of concern include areas of the Great Lakes identified by the
International Joint Commission; estuaries designated under the National Estuary
Program, and any other significant or highly valued waters, such as wetlands.
The above information describes existing water quality conditions. It does not provide
information on long-term problems or bioaccumulation. The regulations request
information on pollutants found in bottom sediments, fish tissue, and/or biosurvey data.
Pollutants tend to build up in these receptors slowly, smoothing out short-term variations
in pollutant concentrations. In addition, other problems not identified in water quality
samples, such as toxicity and food chain effects, may be identified in these samples.
65
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Procedure for Discharge Characterization
Step 1 Obtain Precipitation Data. The regulations require only estimates
of mean monthly rain, snowfall and number of storm events
(averaged over at least ten years). These can be estimated from
daily precipitation volume records. Rainfall data can be obtained
from a number of sources. Addresses and telephone numbers for
obtaining the data are listed in Table 4-5.
If there is a high geographical variability in rainfall, the range represented
throughout the municipality should be presented. This could be
accomplished by including data from more than one rainfall gauge located
within or near the municipality.
Step 2 Compile All Of The Existing Storm Sewer Discharge Quality And
Quantity Data. Attach summaries of all data collected. The
summary should include the location of the sample, sampling
procedures, analytical methods used, and date and time sample was
collected. All known data should be included with the application
whether collected by the applicant or by another party. If a report
was written describing the data, include the report if it is an
unpublished report; include the reference if it is a published report.
Step 3 List All Water Bodies Which Receive Discharges From The
Municipal Storm Sewer System. This would include the names of
downstream segments, lakes and estuaries where pollutants from the
storm drain system may accumulate and cause water degradation.
For each water body listed, provide a brief description of the
impacts the discharges have on the quality of water in that water
body and all instream water quality standards which apply. If any
data compiled in step 2 exceeds these standards note the
66
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Example
exceedance in the discussion. At a minimum, the description of
impacts should address the concerns discussed in the background
discussion. The applicant should describe the designated and
beneficial uses of the receiving water bodies and if they are
attained. If they are not attained, identify the causes of non-
attainment.
The State agency charged with protecting water quality should be
contacted to obtain 305(b) reports, 304(1) lists, 319 State Assessment
Reports, 314 reports, and information regarding any estuaries nominated
to the National Estuary Program. A list of these agencies is provided in
Appendix A. Existing sediment and fish tissue data may be available from
a variety of sources, including State agency studies, EPA studies, university
studies, environmental impact statements drafted for the area of concern,
and local investigations. Any information describing the water body found
in these sources should be included. If the reports contain extensive
discussions, the reports themselves should be attached to the application.
Information sources should not be restricted to these reports and lists.
Include with the application any other studies consulted. Additional
available information describing the water body should also be included
such as type of water body, location (USGS Quad Sheet, name of sheet
and quadrants), identification of any nearby dam or manmade
impoundment or other structures that control or influence the receiving
waters, identification of nearby USGS monitoring stations, size of water
body in acres or miles, description of tidal influences, determination of
whether waters are navigable, and description of shoreline.
City X obtained precipitation data from the local flood control district and the U.S.
Weather Service. The flood control district provided precipitation data from the four
stations shown in Figure 4-5. These data are presented in Table 4-6. The data indicate
67
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two precipitation zones in the city, the north-eastern and south-eastern areas. The
north-eastern zone of City X is hilly and is only lightly developed (park land and light to
medium residential) and receives about 25% more precipitation than the south-western
zone (flat and heavily developed). However, because the north-eastern zone is less
developed than the south-western zone, less runoff is expected. Table 4-7 presents
results from a SYNOP simulation using National Weather Service data from the City X
airport. This analysis provides an estimate of the representative storm. Table 4-7
indicates that the representative storm has a volume between 0.28 inch and 0.85 inch
and a duration of 7 to 21 hours. City X has not collected any data in its storm sewer
system. However, the State Water Quality Agency collected data in Wet Creek, a
perennial stream in City X that carries storm water during storms. The State also
collected data in the receiving water body to which Wet Creek discharges. This data
was never published; City X obtained the data by contacting the State Water Quality
Agency. The data are presented in Table 4-8.
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Table 4-5. LOCATIONS TO OBTAIN PRECIPITATION DATA
A source of long-term rainfall data in the U.S. is the National Weather Service (NWS). The National Weather
Service maintains a database of over 1000 weather stations in the United States which record hourly precipitation
data. This data can be obtained directly from the National Weather Service on magnetic tape or in annual
publications printed by the Weather Service. This data is also available on compact disk from private vendors.
This data requires a PC compatible with a compact disk reader. It typically comes with its own database and
software. For both sources the period of record is generally from August 1949 to the current date, with a few
data gaps. The information can be obtained by contacting:
U.S. Department of Commerce Earthlnfo
National Climatic Center 5541 Central Avenue
NOAA Environmental Data Service or Boulder, CO 80301
Federal Building (800) 222-0920
Asheville,NC 28801
(704) 258-2850
Summaries are published monthly for each state as Climatological Data. These publications contain a monthly
summary of the Climatological data for each weather station within the state as well as a description of the
location of each station within the state.
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M ~ ~~~~-'~^~\ °'°.:." -''"\ -*-- £T?T.
l ~ - ~~Z~Z~- '\ 'S~ Zt^.t \ , ,'Ce- _
Johnson )^ ; --."- _~-^ -
Figure 4-5. LOCATION OF RAIN GAGES IN CITY X
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Table 4-6. MEAN RAINFALL AND NUMBER OF STORMS FOR PRECIPITATIONGAGES IN CITYX
Year:
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Station 1
Mean
Rainfall
(in)
5.1
4.2
3.4
1.8
0.8
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.3
2.9
JL2
24.2
No. of
Storms
9
8
10
5
2
1
1
1
2
4
8
8
Station 2
Mean
Rainfall
Cin) ._
4.1
3.9
4.0
1.6
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.5
1.5
3.9
Ji
23.6
No. of
Storms
9
10
11
7
3
1
1
1
2
5
8
10
Station 3
Mean
Rainfall
(in)
2.6
3.0
3.7
1.2
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.4
1.3
2.7
_Z7
18.4
No. of
Storms
7
6
9
4
2
1
1
1
2
3
7
8
Station 4
Mean No. of.
Rainfall Storms1
(in)
3.6
2.9
2.3
1.4
0.5
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
2.0
JL2
17.1
1. Number of storms not available
Station 1 located in the hills
Station 2 located in the hills
Station 3 located in downtown
Station 4 located near Bay
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Table 4-7. STORM EVENT STATISTICS FOR CITYX CALCULATEDUSINGTHE SYNOPPROGRAM
Year:
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jui
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Yr. Avg.
Wet Season1
Average
Storm
Which is*/- 50% of the
Duration
(nrs)
15.7
12.9
13.0
12.4
7.9
13.4
9.3
5.3
102
9.8
11.9
163
1LO
14.0
(7-21 nr.)
Intensity
(in/hr)
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.07
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
Volume
(in)
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.5
0.6
(0.28-0.85 in.)
Delta
(hrs)
165.7
143.5
158.6
18 L4
346.5
953.4
186aO
104ZO
26210
945.9
453.4
1717
Number of
Storms
5.5
5.0
4.6
3.0
1.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.4
1.6
3.8
4.7
mean wet season value
1. Wet Season is November through April 1.
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Table 4-8. STORM WATER QUALITY DATA COLLECTED IN CITY X
Sample
I.D.
S2
S2
S2
S2
S3
S3
S3
S4
S4
S4
Date
Month
2
4
4
11
2
3
5
4
11
11
Sampled
Day
1
6
20
23
26
30
11
20
23
23
Year
1989
1986
1988
1987
1988
1987
1986
1988
1986
1985
TOC
Actual
mg/L
2.1
1.9
13
14
2
6.4
13
23
9
D.L.
mg/L
1
1
1
0.1
1
1
1
0.1
0.1
BOD
Actual
mg/L
2.7
2.5
45
6
2
4
D.L.
mg/L
1
1
1
1
1
1
Total
Coliform
MPNper
100ml
of Sample
11000
2400
54000
>240000
5400
7900
110000
240000
>240000
>240000
Fecal
Coliform
MPNper
100ml
of Sample
93
460
7000
<240000
2400
4900
2000
17000
<240000
46000
Notes: Station S2 located near the headwaters of Wet Creek.
Station S3 located 1/4 mile upstream of the mouth of Wet Creek.
Station S4 located in Big Bay near the mouth of Wet Creek.
D.L. = Detection Limit
MPN = Most Probable Number
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There are three receiving water bodies which receive discharges from the City X storm
sewer system, Wet Creek, Big Creek and Big Bay. Wet Creek forms the boundary
between City X and City Y, Big Creek is entirely contained within City X's boundaries
and Big Bay is a large salt water bay which receives runoff from City X, Wet Creek, Big
Creek and a large urban area containing approximately 2 million people. City X
obtained a copy of the latest 305(b) report and 304(1) list from the State Water Quality
Agency. Wet Creek and Big Creek are not mentioned in either; Big Bay is on one of
the 304(1) lists.
Wet Creek is channelized most of its length except near its headwaters and its mouth.
The channelized portion of the creek is maintained by the Flood Control District and
public access is restricted. Existing uses include non-contact recreation and wildlife
habitat in the lower reaches, groundwater recharge and cold fresh water fish habitat.
Big Creek is a natural creek along its entire length even though some sections have
been "improved"by the Flood Control District (bank stabilization, dredging). Classified
uses include fish and wildlife habitat, non-contact recreation and groundwater recharge.
Big Bay covers an area of approximately 300 sq mi. Three major ports are located
along its shore plus numerous industries. The population surrounding the bay is
approximately 2 million people. Beneficial uses include: Industrial water supply,
commercial and naval shipping, contact (windsurfing, sailing, and swimming) and non-
contact recreation, commercial fishing, wildlife habitat, habitat for rare and endangered
species, marine habitat, fish migration and spawning and shellfish harvesting. State
water quality standards which apply to all three receiving water bodies are presented in
Table 4-9.
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Table 4-9. WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR WET CREEK, BIG CREEK AND
BIG BAY
Parameter
Standard
mg/L
Physical
Color (units)
Odor (number)
Turbidity (NTU)
pH (units)
TDS
EC (mmhos/cm)
Inorganic Constituents
Arsenic
Barium
Chloride
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Fluoride
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
NO3 + NO2 (as N)
Selenium
Sulfate
Zinc
Organic Constituents
MB AS
Oil and Grease
Phenols
Trihalomethanes
Endrin
Lindane
Methoxychlor
Toxaphene
2,4-D
2,4,4-TP Silvex
Bacteriological Properties
Total Coliform
15
3
5
6.0-8.5
1000
1.6
0.05
1.0
500
0.010
0.05
1.0
0.2
0.8-1.7
0.3
0.05
0.05
0.002
10
0.01
500
5.0
0.5
None
0.001
0.1
0.0002
0.004
0.1
0.005
0.1
0.01
<100 MPN/100 ml
NTUs = Nessler Turbidity Unit
MBAS = Methylene Blue Activated Substances
TDS = Total Dissolved Solids
EC = Electrical Conductivity
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4.4.2 Field Screening Analysis
The Regulation
40 CFR 122.26(d)(l)(iv)(D)
This part of the application shall consist of...
...results of a field screening analysis for illicit connections and illegal dumping for
either selected field screening points or major outfalls covered in the permit
application. At a minimum, a screening analysis shall include a narrative
description, for either each field screening point or major outfall, of visual
observations made during dry weather periods. If any flow is observed, two grab
samples shall be collected during a 24 hour period with a minimum period of four
hours between samples. For all such samples, a narrative description of the color,
odor, turbidity, the presence of an oil sheen or surface scum as well as any other
relevant observations regarding the potential presence of non-storm water discharges or
illegal dumping shall be provided. In addition, a narrative description of the results of
a field analysis using suitable methods to estimate pH, total chlorine, total copper,
total phenol, and detergents (or surfactants) shall be provided along with a description
of the flow rate. Where the field analysis does not involve analytical methods
approved under 40 CFR Part 136, the applicant shall provide a description of the
method used including the name of the manufacturer of the test method along with
the range and accuracy of the test. Field screening points shall be either major
outfalls or other outfall points (or any other point of access such as manholes)
randomly located throughout the storm sewer system by placing a grid over a drainage
system map and identifying those cells of the grid which contain a segment of the
storm sewer system or major outfall. The field screening points shall be established
using the following guidelines and criteria:
1. A grid system consisting of perpendicular north-south and east-west lines
spaced 1/4 mile apart shall be overlayed on a map of the municipal storm
sewer system, creating a series of cells;
76
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2. All cells that contain a segment of the storm sewer system shall be identified;
one field screening point shall be selected in each cell; major outfalls may be
used as field sreening points;
3. Field screening points should be located downstream of any sources of
suspected illegal or illicit activity;
4. Field screening points shall be located to the degree practicable at the farthest
manhole or other accessible location downstream in the system, within each
cell; however, safety of personnel and accessibility of the location should be
considered in making this determination;
5. Hydrological conditions; total drainage area of the site; population density of
the site; traffic density; age of the structures or buildings in the area; history of
the area; and land use types;
6. For medium municipal separate storm sewer systems, no more than 250 cells
need to have identified field screening points; in large municipal separate
storm sewer systems, no more than 500 cells need to have identified field
screening points; cells established by the grid that contain no storm sewer
segments will be eliminated from consideration; if fewer than 250 cells in
medium municipal sewers are created, and fewer than 500 in large systems are
created by the overlay on the municipal sewer map, then all those cells which
contain a segment of the sewer system shall be subject to field screening
(unless access to the separate storm sewer system is impossible); and
7. Large or medium municipal separate storm sewer systems which are unable to
utilize the procedures described in paragraphs 1 through 6 of this subsection,
because a sufficiently detailed map of the separate storm sewer systems is
unavailable, shall field screen no more than 500 or 250 major outfalls
respectively (or all major outfalls in the system, if less); in such circumstances,
the applicant shall establish a grid system consisting of north-south and east-
west lines spaced 1/4 mile apart as an overlay to the boundaries of the
municipal storm sewer system, thereby creating a series of cells; the applicant
will then select major outfalls in as many cells as possible until at least 500
major outfalls (large municipalities) or 250 major outfalls (medium
77
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municipalities) are selected; a field screening analysis shall be undertaken at
these major outfalls.
Intent
The intention of this section of the application is to provide a preliminary determination
about the existence, extent, and location of illicit connections and illegal dumping.
Background And Discussion
The field screening portion of the application requirements is designed to identify
sources of non-storm water to the municipal separate storm sewer system. During dry
weather, separate storm sewers may convey a variety of legally and illegally discharged
substances which originate from:
Illicit connections with sanitary sewers and/or industrial discharges
Improper disposal of wastes, wastewater and litter (e.g., used oil, paints,
etc.)
Spills
Leaking sanitary sewage systems
Malfunctioning septic tanks
Infiltration of ground water polluted by a variety of sources including
leaking storage tanks
Non-storm water discharges to separate storm sewer systems occur in a haphazard and
apparently random manner; they can occur in any segment of the system at any time;
and, they can have continuous or intermittent flow. Numerous studies (Schmidt and
Spencer, 1986; Falkenburg, 1987; Gartner, 1983; Montoya 1987) have demonstrated the
effect of illicit connections on water quality. The results of these studies indicate that
the contribution of such pollutants as metals, nutrients, oil and grease, phenols and
solvents can cause significant water quality problems in the receiving surface waters.
Pitt et al. (1989) in a study in the Toronto area reported that dry weather flows from
78
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residential areas were high in pesticides and those from industrial areas high in toxicants
and metallics. A more detailed study in the same area (GLA, 1983) determined that
about 10% of the 625 outfalls sampled during dry weather were significant sources of
pollutants. A study in the Allen Creek Drainage in Ann Arbor, Michigan (Schmidt and
Spencer, 1986) came to a similar conclusion. Dye tests conducted in the Allen Creek
drainage showed that 60% of facilities known to use petroleum products or other
hazardous materials discharged to the storm sewer system. Twenty-five percent of other
industries that use or store lesser quantities of petroleum products or hazardous wastes
(e.g., photographic processing labs, dry cleaners, utility companies) were found to be
connected to the storm sewers. Table 4-10 presents the results from dye studies
conducted in the drainage.
Past studies have shown that illicit connections can have a significant effect on receiving
water quality. Therefore, one of the goals of the NPDES storm water regulations is to
eliminate all ILLICIT discharges (as defined in Appendix C) to the separate storm
sewer system. However, EPA has recognized that some illicit discharges do not pose an
environmental hazard. Therefore, some non-storm water discharges may not have to be
eliminated in a municipal storm water management plan and may be allowable under
the terms of an NPDES permit if identified by the municipality as not being sources of
pollutants to waters of the United States. Examples of these types of discharges are
listed in Table 4-11.
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Table 4-10. SUMMARY OF STORM DRAIN CONNECTIONS BY BUSINESS
TYPE FOR ALLEN CREEK DRAINAGE BASIN, ANN ARBOR,
MICHIGAN
Business Type
Number of
Businesses
Dye-Tested
Percent Tested
Connected to
Storm Drain
Auto repair shops/tire stores
Service stations
Printers/copiers
Manufacturers*
Dry cleaners/laundries
Government facilities8
Auto parts stores
Auto body shops
University facilities8
Muffler/transmission shops
Car washes
Auto dealerships
Auto/truck rental agencies
Photographic processors
Utilities
Private service agencies3
Train/bus stations
Paint stores8
Plating shops
Water conditioning companies
Party stores8
Private homes8
Chemical laboratories
Construction companies
26
16
11
9
9
5
5
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
65
63
9
56
0
80
40
75
75
50
50
100
33
33
33
50
0
0
100
100
100
100
0
0
Source: Schmidt, Stacey D., and Spencer, Douglas R. "The Magnitude of Improper
Waste Discharges in an Urban Storm Water System" Journal WPCF. July
1986.
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Table 4-11. EXAMPLES OF NON-STORM WATER DISCHARGES TO MUNICIPAL
SEPARATE STORM SEWER SYSTEMS THAT MAY NOT BE
ADDRESSED IN MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS UNLESS IDENTIFIED
AS SOURCES OF POLLUTANTS TO WATERS OF THE
UNITED STATES
Water Line Flushing
Runoff from Fire Fighting
Diverted Stream Flows
Rising Ground Waters
Ground Water Infiltration (see definition Section 4)
Discharges from Potable Water Sources
Foundation Drains
Air Conditioning Condensation
Springs
Water from Crawl Space Pumps
Footing Drains
Lawn Watering
Individual Residential Car Washing
Flows from Riparian Habitats and Wetlands
Dechlorinated Swimming Pool Water Dischargers
Street Wash Waters Related to Cleaning and Maintenance
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The first step in any illicit discharge monitoring program is to identify all outfalls to the
storm sewer system. Pitt et al. in his Toronto study reported that three field trips were
necessary to locate all of the known outfalls of the storm sewer system. Still, additional
unmapped outfalls were found during the course of the study. Because of the inherent
difficulty in locating all outfalls, the NPDES municipal storm water regulations provide
an alternative method to locate sampling stations for the illicit discharge field screening
monitoring program. The alternative method requires the applicant to place a square
grid, 1/4 mile on a side, over a map of the municipal storm sewer system and locate a
sampling point within each grid cell. The following provides a procedure that will help
the applicant fulfill this requirement of the permit application. Note that the applicant
has a choice of using the following procedure or locating and screening all major
outfalls. Major outfalls are defined in Appendix C.
Procedure
The following is a step-by-step procedure to use in developing a field screening program
which satisfies EPA application requirements for a Municipal NPDES Storm Water
Permit. The program provides a basis for an illicit connection and illegal discharge
program conducted during the term of the permit.
Step 1 Obtain A Map Of The Municipal Storm Sewer System. If the
storm sewer map scale is too small for 1/4 mile square grids it may
be necessary to obtain a larger scale map also (e.g., 7.5 minute
map). Example 2 below offers a suggestion on how to deal with
this problem.
Step 2 Determine The Length Of 1/4 Mile On Map.
Step 3 Draw Grid On Map. A grid consisting of square grid cells 1/4 mile
on a side (1/16 mi2 in area) is drawn on the storm sewer map
obtained in Step 1. It is not necessary to draw a grid in those areas
of the city which do not contain separate storm sewers.
82
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Step 4 Count The Number Of Grid Cells. The maximum number of grid
cells required for large municipalities is 500; medium sized
municipalities should require no more than 250 grid cells. If more
than 500 (or 250 for a medium city) grid cells are generated in Step
3 concentrate grid cells in those areas suspected of containing illicit
discharges (note: only those cells with portions of the storm sewer
are of concern). Lacking any other information, these areas can be
determined using information obtained in the source and discharge
characterization sections of the application. The guidelines below
can be used to help reduce the number of grid cells to the
maximum required by the regulations. The guidelines are based
upon avoiding sampling in areas that are not expected to contain
illicit discharges. The following guidelines should not be used to
eliminate cells in areas suspected of containing illicit connections or
illegal dumping.
Guidelines
Eliminate cells in parks and areas that are undeveloped.
Sample only half of the grid cells in areas with low density
residential development.
Sample three-fourths of the grid cells in other residential areas.
Concentrate grid cells in older industrial areas. Limit industrial grid
cells to three-fourths of the total.
Eliminate grid cells in the areas with the lowest density of
development.
Step 5 Locate A Sampling Point In Each Grid Cell. Criteria used to
locate sampling points are listed below. The criteria are listed in
the order of importance but the order does not have to be strictly
adhered to.
83
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Locate the sampling point downstream of any suspected source of
illegal or illicit activity
Locate the sampling point at the location which drains the largest
percentage of the grid cell if more than one location is available.
Locate a sampling point at a major outfall.
In addition, the following suggestions can also be used to determine the
location of sampling points.
Sampling points should be located at least 1/4 mile apart along a
given sewer line except in intensely developed areas, older areas or
areas of suspected illicit or illegal activity where they can be spaced
400 feet apart along a given sewer line.
Locate a sampling point where each branch of the applicant's storm
water system discharges to a receiving water body.
Step 6 Determine A System To Label The Grid. A convenient method is
to use letters in the East-West direction and numbers in the North-
South direction (e.g., Al, A2, Bl, B2, etc.).
Step 7 Conduct Screening Level Sampling. The Municipal NPDES storm
water sampling program for illicit connections and illegal dumping
requires two types of data:
(1) A narrative description of each field screening point or major
outfall (defined in Step 5); this description should be detailed
enough so that a determination if illegal dumping is a problem can
be made (see Figure 4-6 for example of types of information
required).
(2) The collection of two grab samples at all screening points where
flow is observed.
84
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The NPDES storm water regulations (40 CFR 122.21(g)(7)) require that each sampling
point be examined during dry weather (a period preceded by at least 72 hours with no
precipitation) and the results reported with the application including points where no
flow was observed. The following data should be recorded for each grab sampled
collected:
color
odor
turbidity
presence of surface sheen/scum
other relevant observations
list the methods (physical
PH
total chlorine
total copper
total phenol
flow rate
detergents or
and/or chemical) used to surfactants
analyze samples
EPA does not require that analytical methods approved under 40 CFR Part 136 be used
for the Field Screen. Rather, it is recommended that inexpensive colormetric field test
kits be used to analyze for total chlorine, total copper, total phenol, and detergents. All
of these tests follow the same general procedure:
add reagent to a small quantity of the water to be sampled, wait the appropriate
reaction time, and compare the resulting color of the sample to a set of
standards. These tests have detection limits on the order of 1 mg/1 and require
only a few minutes to conduct. These kits can be obtained from a number of
manufacturers.
An efficient screening analysis program requires early development of a field data sheet.
A sample data sheet is shown in Figure 4-6. A data sheet should be completed for each
field sampling point identified in Step 5. For points where no flow is observed, provide
other relevant data (cell number, vegetation condition, type of outfall or channel, etc.).
For sampling points where flow was observed at least two grab samples must be
collected. The two samples should be collected within 24 hours of each other and at
least four hours apart.
85
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Figure 4.6
FIELD DATA SHEET
ILLEGAL DISCHAGE FIELD SCREENING PROGRAM
SHEET NO.
OUTFALL ID NO:
GENERAL INFORMATION:
TIME SINCE LAST RAIN: >72 hrs <72hrs INSPECTION TEAM:
QUANTITY OF LAST RAIN: £0.1 in <0.1in
DATE:
TIME:
FIELD SITE DESCRIPTION
LOCATION:
OPEN CHANNEL MANHOLE OUTFALL OTHER
DOMINANT WATERSHED LAND USES: INDUSTRIAL COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL UNKNOWN OTHER
IF KNOWN. LIST THEM:
FLOW ESTIMATION: FLOW OBSERVED YES NO APPROXIMATE CHANNEL WIDTH OR PIPE DIAMETER:
1.) WIDTH OF WATER SURFACE (FEET)
2.) APPROXIMATE DEPTH OF WATER (FEET)
3.) APPROXIMATE FLOW VELOCITY (FEET PER SECOND).
4.) FLOW RATE (CUBIC FEET PER SECOND) = 1 x 2 x 3 = ~
VISUAL OBSERVATIONS: PHOTO TAKEN NO YES...ROLL(S) AND PHOTO NUMBER(S).
ODOR: NONE MUSTY SEWAGE ROTTEN EGGS SOUR MILK OTHER
COLOR: CLEAR RED YELLOW BROWN GREEN GREY OTHER
CLARITY: CLEAR CLOUDY OPAQUE SUSPENDED SOLIDS
FLOATABLES: NONE OILY SHEEN GARBAGBSEWAGE OTHER
DEPOSITS/STAINS: NONE SEDIMENTS OILY OTHER
VEGETATION CONDITION: NONE NORMAL EXCESSIVE GROWTH INHIBITED GROWTH
STRUCTURAL CONDITION: NORMAL CONCRETE CRACKING/SPAULING METAL CORROSION OTHER.
BIOLOGICAL: MOSQUITO LARVAE BACTERIA/ALGAE OTHER
FIELD ANALYSES:
FIELD ANALYSES:
WATER TEMP:
pH
PHENOL
.degrees C
_mg/l
CHLORINE (TOTAL): mg/l
COPPER: mg/l
DETERGENTS: mg/l
COMMENTS:
LABORATORY SAMPLE COLLECTED YES NO
IF YES ATTACH COPY OF CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY RECORD
DATA SHEET FILLED OUT BY (SIGNATURE):
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Examples of Storm Water Discharge Characterization:
Example 1.
City X is a medium size city. A map of City X's storm sewer system at a scale of
1 in = 800 ft (1:9600) was obtained. Grid cells were then drawn on the map.
Figure 4-1 is an industrial portion of the sewer map showing the grid cells. In this ,
portion of the city there are 36 grid cells. A sampling location was located in each grid
cell. Table 4-12 lists each sample point and the reason it was chosen.
Most of the sampling stations were located at major storm sewer junctions. At junctions
where more than two channels or pipes come together a sample would be collected from
any conveyance which contained flow. This process would be repeated for the entire
city until the required number of cells with stations were identified.
Example 2.
City Y is a medium sized city. Its storm sewer maps are contained on over 100 sheets at
a scale of 1 in = 250 ft. Since each map covers a small area, it is not practicable to
draw the 1/4 mile square grids on the individual sheets. The following provides an
approach to this problem.
A) Follow steps 2 through 4 of the preceding procedure using a large scale map such
as a 7.5' or 15' USGS topographic map. This map is used to determine where to
locate the 250 required grid cells. Figure 4-7 presents a 15 minute map of city Y
with 1/4 mile square grid cells. The eastern portion of the city not shown on the
map is undeveloped land consisting mainly of open space and park land. It does
not contain storm sewers. The southern portion of the city not shown on the map
is undeveloped marsh land and abandoned salt evaporators. It also does not
contain storm sewers. Approximately 550 grid cells are shown on Figure 4-7
within city Y's boundaries. Figure 4-7 also shows those grid cells containing open
space and marsh areas which were eliminated from the field screening analysis.
87
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Table 4-12. LOCATION OF SAMPLING POINTS AND RATIONALE FOR
CHOOSING SAMPLE LOCATIONS IN EXAMPLE 1
Grid Cell Rationale
Al Manhole where Connecticut sewer joins Line E-2.
A2 Farthest downstream manhole in cell.
A3 Manhole on America Avenue drains cells A3, B3, B4.
A4 Farthest downstream on Line B-l.
A5 Farthest downstream on Line B.
A6 Drains more of cell than any other storm sewer.
Bl Farthest downstream manhole on Line E-2.
B2 Line A; largest line in cell.
B3 Manhole where 39"sewer joins American Avenue sewer. (This station is less than 1/4-
mile from Station A3 but since the area is industrial include station.)
B4 Farthest downstream manhole on Line B-l.
B5 No station since any station would be less than 1/4-mile from Station C5 or B6.
B6 Manhole on Cursair Blvd. Drains most of cell.
Cl Line C; largest line in cell.
C2 Where Line C joins Line A.
C3 Line A-2; drains most of cell.
C4 Line A-2; drains most of cell.
C5 Line B; drains most of cell.
C6 No station; airport runway.
Dl Line E-2; drains most of cell.
D2 Line C; drains most of cell.
D3 Where Line A-3 joins Line A.
D4 Line A-3; drains most of cell.
D5 Line B; drains entire cell except airport.
D6 No station; airport runway.
El Farthest downstream point in cell.
E2 No mapped storm sewers.
E3 Manhole station drains bottom half of cell. Station on West Street would be equally
valid.
E4 Line A-3; drains entire cell.
E5 Line B; drains most of cell.
E6 Manhole; drains most of cell.
Fl Manhole; drains entire cell.
F2 Manhole; only storm sewer in cell.
F3 Manhole in Line A and junction of Line A, 45" and 51" pipes.
F4 Manhole; drains top half of cell. Choosing station on Line A would be less than 1/4-
mile from Station F3.
F5 No station; only mapped storm sewers are less than 1/4-mile from Station F4.
F6 No mapped storm sewers.
Note: A table such as 4-12 is not required to be submitted with the application.
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LEGEND
Undeveloped Marsh
H Open Space
Airport Runways
Freeway Interchanges
mile
, I
-I -M-
Figure 4-7. 1:62,0000 SCALE MAP SHOWING GRID CELLS FOR CITY Y (EXAMPLE 2)
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Cells were eliminated from the screening program for the following reasons:
a. Undeveloped marsh land. There are 130 cells in this category.
b. Open space areas such as golf courses and cemeteries surrounded by
developed land.
c. Airport runways. Those cells which are mainly occupied by runways were
eliminated due to access problems.
B) Collect all sewer maps covering the areas containing grid cells.
C) Reduce all maps obtained in step B (by 50% if possible).
D) Use a large work area and join maps from step C. If this creates a map that is
too large, adjoin the maps in useable sized sections.
E) Draw 1/4 mile square grid cells on map(s) obtained in Step D. Figure 4-8
presents a map obtained in step B. This map is composed of four individual
sewer maps reduced by 50% then joined together.
F) Locate the sampling points. Figure 4-8 shows the sampling points. The sampling
point locations are listed in Table 4-13.
90
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LEGEND
Screwing Locations
Figure 4-8. STORM SEWER MAP FOR CITY Y (EXAMPLE 2) SHOWS
SEWER LOCATIONS IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS
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Table 4-13. LOCATION OF SAMPLING POINTS AND RATIONALE FOR
CHOOSING SAMPLE LOCATIONS IN EXAMPLE 2
Grid Cell Rationale
Al-5 Manhole on Flora Vista. The only other storm sewer in the grid is
County owned and maintained and drains the Expressway
Bl Manhole on Warburton. Manhole on San Marcos equally good.
B2 Manhole on Nobili drains entire cell.
B3 Manhole on Machado. Drains entire cell.
B4 Manhole on Fordham. Drains greater percentage of cell than other
options.
B5 Manhole on Monroe. Manhole on Agate equally good.
Cl Outfall on Calabazas Creek which drains cells A1,B1 and Cl. This
outfall does not drain most of the cell but the rest of the cell drains
to the outfall sampled in cell C2.
C2 Outfall to Calabazas Creek. Drains part of Cl and C2.
C3 Outfall to Calabazas Creek. Drains part of C2 and C3. Alternative
would be next outfall north. This outfall could be sampled instead of
manhole B3.
C4 Oufall to Calabazas Creek. Drains most of cell.
C5 Manhole on Agate. Drains most of cell.
Note: A table such as this is not required to be submitted with the application.
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4.4.3 Characterization Plan
Regulation
40 CFR 122.26(d)(l)(iv)(E)
This part of the application shall consist of:
information and a proposed program to meet the requirements of paragraph (d)(2)(iii).
Such description shall include: the location of outfalls or field screening points appropriate
for representative data collection under paragraph (d)(2)(iii)(A), a description of why the
outfall or field screening point is representative, the seasons during which sampling is
intended, and a description of the sampling equipment. The proposed location of outfalls or
field screening points for such sampling should reflect water quality concerns (see
subparagraph (l)(iv)(C) of this paragraph) to the extent practicable.
Intent
Part 2 of the regulations require monitoring of storm water discharges from
representative outfalls or field screening points. The intent of this section of the
application is to provide the permitting agency with a description of this program
including sampling locations, sampling equipment and when sampling will occur.
Approval of this plan is required before Part 2 monitoring data can be accepted as part
of the completed permit application.
Background and Discussion
The Characterization Plan is designed to describe a program for monitoring major
outfalls whose catchments are representative, in terms of land use, of the municipality.
The objective of the representative monitoring program is to collect information for
estimating annual pollutant loadings and the mean concentration of pollutants in
discharges resulting from representative storm events.
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Procedure for Developing a Characterization Plan
The following is a step-by-step procedure to develop a Characterization Plan:
Step 1 Obtain A Map of the municipal storm sewer system. On the maps used in
Section 4.3 of this guidance, delineate different catchment areas within the
municipality based on drainage characteristics. For each catchment area, a
summary of land use activities should be compiled (e.g., divisions indicating
undeveloped, residential, commercial, agricultural, or industrial). It is most
useful if the land use information is summarized on the storm sewer map.
Step 2 Select Sampling Locations. Selection criteria for the sampling stations should
be based on catchment characteristics, hydraulic factors, accessibility and safety
factors.
The catchment characteristics of primary concern are representativeness of
land use, overall size of the catchment, and uniformity of land use. In practice,
the latter two factors are inconsistent, requiring that sighting of sampling
stations be a compromise. With increasing size of the catchment, it becomes
more unlikely that the requirement for uniformity of land use can be met.
Hydraulic factors are important considerations in selection of sampling
stations. Each station may be located at a site with an existing stage-discharge
rating or at a site where adequate stage-discharge ratings can be established.
Thus, the following hydraulic factors are important considerations in the site
selection process:
Location at a site with an existing stage-discharge rating or at a site having
a suitable control where a reliable rating curve can be developed
Uniform and stable channel conditions for a distance equal to at least six
channel widths upstream of the station
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Lack of tidal influence or backwater effects caused by downstream
conditions
No evidence of surcharging or submergence over the normal range of
precipitation (manhole installations)
Adequate distance from major tributaries in order to allow for complete
mixing
Safety and accessibility are important considerations, primarily to avoid
accidents and injury, but also to ensure that field crews feel sufficiently safe so
that they exercise due care in conducting the field effort. Considerations
include avoiding heavily trafficked areas or areas where light and/or visibility
create conditions conducive to an accident with passing cars or trucks.
Good sampling stations cannot be located using map information only. The
storm sewer maps are used to identify possible sites for representative
sampling stations. After locating possible sampling stations, a field trip may be
necessary to determine the exact site for the sampling station. Storm sewer
and land use maps should be taken into the field and compared to actual
conditions. The actual sampling station can be chosen while in the field based
upon:
Safety
Land Use (representativeness)
Catchment Area
Accessibility
Security for equipment and people
Good Hydraulics
Step 3 Sampling Period And Frequency. The Characterization Plan should specify
when sampling will occur (i.e., season) and the rationale for choosing this time.
The regulations require samples from a minimum of three storms per station.
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Step 4 Sampling Methods. The Characterization Plan should describe the methods
and equipment used to collect the samples. 40 CFR 122.21(g)(7) (Federal
Register, Nov. 16, 1990) describes approved sampling methods.
For each sampling event, a narrative description of the date and duration of
the storm event should be provided, including rainfall estimates and the
duration between the storm event sampled and the previously measured storm
event (at least 72 hours and greater than 0.1 inches of rainfall).
A flow-weighted composite sample (manual or automatic compositing) should
be collected for either the entire discharge or for the first three hours of the
discharge. The methods and equipment should be described in the
Characterization Plan.
Step 5 Sampling Parameters. The Characterization Plan should include a list of the
parameters to be analyzed for each sample collected. For each sampling
event, a representative storm water sample will be collected. Sampling
parameters for each type of sample are shown in Tables 4-14. The samples
will be collected in the field and transported to the laboratory for analysis,
except for pH, which should be measured in the field immediately after
collection.
Step 6 Quality Assurance and Quality Control. A description of the QA/QC
procedures that will be followed should be provided in the characterization
plan. This would include a discussion of the use of trip blanks, travel blanks,
replicates and other QA/QC procedures used. The procedures used to
guarantee laboratory quality should also be discussed.
Step 7 Analytical Methods. The Characterization Plan should describe the analytical
methods which will be used to analyze the samples. The samples should be
analyzed using one of the methods approved in 40 CFR 136. The analytical
laboratory should usually be able to confirm that an approved method will be
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used to analyze the samples. The description of analytical methods should
include target detection limits for each method.
Example
Appendix E presents the Characterization Plan for City X.
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Table 4-14. PARAMETERS FOR REPRESENTATIVE STORM WATER SAMPLING
Grab Sample
Representative Stormwater
Flow-Weighted Sample
Organics
Volatile Organic Carbon (VOCs)1
Compounds (BNA)
Base/Neutral-Acid
Extractable Compounds (BNA)
Pesticides/Polychlorinated
Biphenyls (PCB)
Phenols (total)
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Chromium (hexavalent)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Physical
PH
Total Dissolved Solids (IDS)
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
Other
Fecal coliform
Fecalstreptococcus
Phosphorous (total)
Phosporous (dissolved)
Cyanide (total)
Nitrogen (total)
Total ammonia and organic nitrogen
Organics
Base/Neutral-Acid Extractable Oil and Grease
Pesticides/Polychlorinated
Biphenyls (PCB)
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Chromium (hexavalent)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Total Suspended Solids (TBS)
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BODg)
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
Other
Phosphorous (total)
Phosphorous (dissolved)
Nitrogen (total)
Total ammonia and
Organic nitrogen
1 except for bis(chlormethyl)ether,dischlorofluoromethane,and trichlorofluoromethane.
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4.5 MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS
Regulation
40 CFR 122.26(d)(l)(v)
The regulations require information on existing management programs, including:
A. A description of the existing management programs to control pollutants from the
municipal separate storm sewer system. The description shall provide information on
existing structural and source controls, including operation and maintenance
measures for structural controls, that are currently being implemented. Such controls
may include, but are not limited to: procedures to control pollution resulting from
construction activities; floodplain management controls; wetland protection measures;
best management practices for new subdivisions; and emergency spill response
programs. The description may address controls established under State law as well
as local requirements.
B. A description of the existing program to identify illicit connections to the municipal
storm sewer system. The description should include inspection procedures and
methods for detecting and preventing illicit discharges, and describe areas where this
program has been implemented.
Intent
One of the goals of the Municipal Storm Water Permit Application Regulations is to
encourage municipalities to develop storm water management plans. Part 2 of the
application requires submission of a proposed management plan describing how the
municipality proposes to improve the water quality of its stormwater runoff. This
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section of the application is intended to provide the permitting authority with
information on the existing management programs in the municipality.
Background and Discussion
Many municipalities have implemented programs to control urban runoff. However,
most of these efforts have been directed towards controlling runoff quantity (e.g., flood
control projects), not quality. Since loading is a function of runoff quality and quantity,
permitting authorities would like information on programs designed to control both
runoff quality and quantity. Flood control projects exist in almost every municipality.
Examples include: detention/retention basins, channel "improvement"projects and
wetland preservation (used to retain flood waters). Many of these projects are
undertaken by agencies other than the municipality, such as the Army Corps of
Engineers, local flood control or water districts, or State agencies. Many of these
projects with modification can be used to control both the quality and the quantity of
urban runoff (e.g., retrofit detention basins). A description of these projects should be
included with the application. Information on projects undertaken only to increase the
storm sewer capacity do not have to be included. Examples of programs that control
quantity of flow include:
Flood control projects including detention/retention ponds
Flood plain management
Regulations controlling discharges (quantity) to storm sewers
Regulations on new construction controlling allowable peak discharges
Regulations prohibiting the disposal of refuse and debris into storm sewers to
avoid interferences with flow
Infiltration basins
If the municipality plans to retrofit or modify any of these structures or modify or add
regulations in the future to better control urban runoff, a description of these plans
should be included.
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Fewer municipal programs exist to control the quality of urban runoff. However, some
routine public works programs improve urban runoff quality. Typically, these projects
control the sources of pollutants. Examples of these types of projects are:
Anti-litter regulations
Recycling programs
Street sweeping
Special garbage pick-ups for hazardous wastes
Lastly, some municipalities have programs in place specifically designed to control the
quality of urban runoff. These programs include:
Regulations requiring erosion control plans for construction sites
Best management plans for new construction (e.g., grading of slopes, soil
stabilization, swales, etc.)
Public education programs (e.g., proper disposal methods of used oil,
pesticides, antifreeze, etc.),
Retrofitting of detention/retention ponds
Implementation of any of the above programs will not, in itself, necessarily improve
urban runoff water quality; proper operation and maintenance over time are critical
factors in assuring effectiveness of many of these measures. For example, a detention
basin designed to pass flows under a certain size may provide adequate flood control but
result in little improvement in water quality; or, if the time between street sweeping and
rainfall is great enough to allow build up on streets, street sweeping will have little
effect on storm water quality. For these reasons it is important to include with the
description a schedule of operation and maintenance.
As described in Section 4.4.1. illicit connections and illegal dumping are major problems
in urban areas. One of the priorities of the NPDES storm water regulations is to
require cities to implement programs to identify illicit connections. Some cities have
already implemented programs. EPA requests information on these programs.
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Procedure for Submitting Information on Existing Management Programs
Step 1 Obtain and Compile a List of Flood Control Projects within the City or
County Limits. Contact the Army Corps of Engineers, the local flood control
district and the Public Works Department for a description of projects each
maintains within the city. Projects designed only to increase the capacity of
the storm sewer system without causing any other changes in the system do not
have to be included.
Step 2 Compile a List of Local Requirements (codes, local/State laws, ordinances)
Designed to Control Storm Water Quality and/or Quantity, that the
Municipality or other Government Agency has Enacted that are Enforced
within the Municipality. These would include, but are not limited to local or
state laws implemented by the municipality which:
Prohibit littering
Prohibit the disposal of oil, debris or garbage in storm drains, sewers or
channels
Require erosion control plans
Require best management plans
(Attach a copy of each regulation or ordinance to the application)
Step 3 Compile a List of Programs Conducted within the Municipality which are
Designed to Improve Storm Water Quality. These programs do not have to be
municipal programs or require structural controls. A description of the
schedule of operation and maintenance should also be provided. They include
such programs as:
Street sweeping
Education programs
Recycling programs
Industrial inspection programs
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With each of the program or regulation descriptions provide a discussion of the extent
and level of application. This would include the fraction of the municipality affected by
the program (e.g., channel improvement for a channel that drains 15% of the
municipality). Do not include programs conducted by private organizations unless they
receive active municipal support (operate under a city contract or receive public
subsidies).
Example of Existing Management Programs
City X does not conduct any programs specifically designed to control the quality of
storm water runoff. However, it does have ordinances controlling the dumping of
rubbish and debris into streams and open channels; ordinances prohibiting littering; and
ordinances requiring erosion control plans for all new construction and which prohibit
construction within 100 ft of a stream bank. A copy of all of these ordinances would be
attached to the application.
Army Corps of Engineers projects within the city are maintained exclusively by the
Corps. City X contacted the Army Corps of Engineers for a description cf all flood
control projects within the city limits. The Army Corps of Engineers is conducting two
projects in the city; replacing rip-rap on a section of a creek running through downtown,
and channelizing another creek in a residential portion of the city. A description of
both projects would be included with the application. The first project is important
because it may decrease erosion from the stream banks thus decreasing the sediment
load in the storm channel. The second project is important because it changes the
character of the storm sewer from a natural channel to a manmade channel.
The local flood control district has no new projects under way. They reported that they
attempt to clean their storm drains of debris every five years. This information is
included with the application since it indicated the degree of maintenance of the storm
sewers.
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The city Public Works Department is presently upgrading an old part of the sewer
system, replacing a 40 inch diameter conduit installed in the 1940's with a modern 60
inch diameter conduit. It is not necessary for the city to provide a description of this
project with the application since this project only increases the capacity of the system
without changing its function. The Public Works department also conducts street
sweeping on city streets. It schedules street sweeping in the downtown commercial areas
once a month and in residential areas every six months. The street sweeping program is
not designed to control the quality of runoff but to improve the aesthetic appearance of
the city's streets. However, since it may improve runoff water quality a description of
the program is included.
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4.6 FISCAL RESOURCES
Regulation
40 CFR 122.26(d)(l)(vi)
A description of the financial resources currently available to the municipality to complete
Pan 2 of the permit application. A description of the municipality's budget for existing
storm water programs, including an overview of the municipality's financial resources and
budget, including overall indebtedness and assets, and sources of funds for storm water
programs.
Intent
To inform the permitting authority if the municipality has the fiscal resources to
complete Part 2 of the application and to implement its proposed Storm Water
Management Program.
Background and Discussion
The Information Collection Request (ICR) developed by EPA on storm water programs
(EPA, 1990) estimated the average cost to the applicant to complete the application at
$49,227 to $76,681. Municipalities need to include this cost into their budgets if they are
to comply with the application's requirements. In addition, the municipality will need
sufficient resources to implement the programs proposed in Part 2 of the application.
EPA is interested in the applicant's commitment to implement storm water quality
programs. A measure of commitment is the amount of money devoted to current
programs.
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Procedure for Identifying Fiscal Resources
Step I Attach a description of the portion of the municipal budget for storm water
for the year following submittal of the Part 1 application. If the budget has
yet to be developed, attach an estimate of the budget.
Step 2 Attach a description of the funding mechanisms used to obtain the monies
described in Step 1. These would include sources such as general funds,
special assessment district funds, revenue bonds and user fees.
Step 3 Include a description of the municipalities' indebtedness and a list of
municipal assets. Include with this description a list of sources of municipal
funds with the approximate percentage associated with each.
Example
City X increased the budget of the Public Works Department by $100,000 for
completion of the storm water permit application. A copy of the 1991 budget for Public
Works is attached. These monies were from the general fund.
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APPENDIX A
INFORMATION FOR EPA REGIONAL OFFICES
AND STATES WITH APPROVED NPDES PROGRAMS
A.1 Federal, State, and Regional Permitting Agency Contacts
A.2 Addresses and Telephone Numbers of EPA Regional Offices
and States within the Regional Office Jurisdictions
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APPENDIX A. 1
FEDERAL, STATE, AND REGIONAL PERMITTING AGENCY CONTACTS
Alabama Department of Environmental Management
Water Division
1751 Cong. W.L. Dickinson Drive
Montgomery, AL 36130
(205) 271-7825
Alaska Department of Environmental
Conservation
Division of Environmental
Quality Management
Pouch O
Juneau,AK 99811
(907) 465-2640
Arizona Department of Health Services
Office of Waste and Water
Quality Management
2005 N. Central Avenue
Phoenix, AZ 85007
(602) 257-2305
Arkansas Department of Pollution
Control and Ecology
NPDES Branch
8001 National Drive
Little Rock, AR 72209
(501) 562-7444
California State Water Resources Control Board
P.O. Box 100
901P Street
Sacramento, CA 95801
(916) 322-3132
Colorado Department of Health
Water Quality Control Division
Permits and Enforcement Section
4210 E. llth Avenue, Room 200
Denver, CO 80220
(303) 331-3015
and U.S. EPA *
Region 10
Permits Branch
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
(206) 442-8399
and U.S. EPA
Region 9, W-5-1,
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA
94105
(415) 974-1906
* Where EPA is also listed, permitting actions should be sent to EPA with copies sent
to the State
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Connecticut
Delaware
District
of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Water Compliance Unit
Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection
122 Washington Street
Hartford, CT 06106
(203) 566-7167
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control
Division of Water Resources
89 Kings Highway
P.O. Box 1401
Dover, DE 19903
(302) 736-4761
Department of Consumer and
and Regulatory Affairs
Environmental Control Division
2100 Martin Luther King Avenue, S.E.
Washington, D.C. 20020
(202) 404-1136
Department of Environmental Regulation and
Div. of Environmental Programs
Water Quality Planning Section
2600 Blairstone Road, Ste 531
Twin Towers Office Building
Tallahassee, FL 32301
(904) 488-0780
Department of Natural Resources
Environmental Protection Division,
Water Protection Branch
Floyd Towers East - Room 1058
205 Butler Street, S.W.
Atlanta, GA 30334
(404) 656-4887
Department of Health
Pollution Investigation and
Enforcement Division
P.O. Box 3378
Honolulu, ffl 96801
(808) 548-6505
Department of Health and and
Welfare
Bureau of Water Quality
State House
Boise, ID 83720
(208) 334-4250
Illinois Environmental Protection Agency
Division of Water Pollution Control
2200 Churchill Road
Springfield, IL 62706
(217) 782-1654
U.S. EPA
Water Management Division, 3-WM-53,
841 Chestnut Building
Philadelphia, PA 19107
(215) 597-1651
EPA Region 4
Water Management Division
Facilities Performance
Branch
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30365
(404) 347-3012
U.S. EPA
Region 10
Permits Branch
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
(206) 442-8399
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Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Indiana Department of Environmental Management
105 S. Meridian Street
P.O. Box 6015
Indianapolis, IN 46225
(317) 232-8488
Department of Natural Resources
Environmental Protection Division
Surface and Ground Water
Protection Bureau
Henry A. Wallace Building
900 E. Grand Avenue
DesMoines, IA 50319
(515) 281-8690
State Department of Health and Environment
Division of Environment
Bureau of Water Quality
Forbes AFB Building No. 740
Topeka, KS 66612
(913) 862-9360x257
Department for Natural Resources and
Environmental Protection Cabinet
Division of Water
18 Reilly Road, Fort Bloom Plaza
Frankfort, KY 40601
(502) 564-3410
Department of Environmental
Quality
Office of Water Resources
Permits Programs
P.O. Box 44091
Baton Rouge, LA 70804-4091
(504) 922-0530
Bureau of Water Quality Control
Licensing and Enforcement
ME Dept of Envir. Protection
State House, Station 17
Augusta, ME 04333
(207) 289-3355
Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
Environmental Health Administration
(water quality standards, NPDES
permits, and sewage treatment)
201W. Preston Street
Baltimore, MD 21203
(301) 225-6300
and U.S. EPA
Region 6
Water Management Division
Permits Branch, 6W-P,
1445 Ross Avenue
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
(214) 655-7100
and U.S. EPA
Region 1
Water Management Division
John F. Kennedy Federal
Building
WCP-510
Boston, MA 02203
(617) 565-3525
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Massachusetts Division of Water Pollution Control
Department of Environmental Protection
1 Winter Street
Boston, MA 02108
(617) 292-5658
Michigan Department of Natural Resources
Surface Water Quality Division
P.O. Box 30028
Lansing, MI 48909
(517) 373-1949
Minnesota Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
Division of Water Pollution Control
520 Lafayette Road
St. Paul, MN 55155
(612) 296-7202
Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality
Surface Water Division
Bureau of Pollution Control
P.O. Box 10385
Jackson, MS 39289
Missouri Department of Natural Resources
Water Quality Program
Division of Environmental Quality
Jefferson State Office Building
205 Jefferson Street
Jefferson City, MO 65102
(314) 751-1300
Montana Department of Health and Environmental
Sciences
Division of Environmental Sciences
Water Quality Bureau
Cogswell Building, Room A206
Helena, MT 59620
(406) 444-2406
Nebraska Department of Environmental Control
Water Pollution Control Division
State House Station
P.O. Box 94877-301 Centennial Mall
Lincoln, NE 68509
(402) 471-2186
and U.S. EPA, Region 1
Water Management Division
John F. Kennedy Federal
Building
WCP-510
Boston, MA 02203
(617) 565-3525
Nevada
Department of Conservation and
Natural Resources
Water Resources Division
201 S. Fall Street, Room 221
Carson City, NV 89710
(702) 885-4380
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New
Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North
Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Permit and Compliance Section
Water Management Bureau
Dept. of Environmental Services
6 Hazen Drive
P.O. Box 95Concord, NH 03301
Concord, NH 03301
(603) 271-2458
Department of Environmental
Protection
Division of Water Resources
1474 Prospect Street
P.O. Box CN029
Trenton, NJ 08625
(609) 292-1638
Health and Environment
Department
Environmental Improvement
Division
Surface Water Quality Bureau
1190 St. Francis Drive
Santa Fe, NM 87504-0968
(505) 827-2918
Department of Environmental
Conservation
Regional Permit Administrator
50 Wolf Road
Albany, New York 12233
Department of Natural Resources
and Community Development
Division of Environmental
Management
Water Quality Section
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611
(919) 733-5083
State Department of Health
Division of Water Supply
and Pollution Control
1200 Missouri Avenue
Bismark, ND 58501
(701) 224-2345
Environmental Protection Agency
Waste Water Pollution Control
1800 Watermark Drive
P.O. Box 1049
Columbus, OH 43266-0149
(614) 466-7427
and
U.S. EPA
Region 1
Water Management Division-
John F. Kennedy Federal
Building
WCP-510
Boston, MA 02203
(617) 565-3525
and
U.S. EPA
Region 6
Water Management Div.
Permits Branch, 6W-P,
1445 Ross Avenue
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
(214) 655-7100
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Oklahoma Water Resources Board
P.O. Box 53585
Oklahoma City, OK 73152
and U.S. EPA
Region 6
Water Management Division
Permits Branch (6W-P)
1445 Ross Avenue
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
(214) 655-7190, FTS 255-7190
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South
Carolina
State Department of Health
Permits and Compliance Division
P.O. Box 53551
Oklahoma City, OK 73152
Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)
Water Quality Division
522 S.W. Fifth Avenue
P.O. Box 1760
Portland, OR 97207
(503) 229-5324
Department of Environmental Resources
Bureau of Water Quality Management
P.O. Box 2063, llth Floor/Fulton Bldg.
200 N. 3rd Street
Harrisburg, PA 17120
(717) 787-2666
Environmental Quality Board
Division of Water/Water
Resources
P.O. Box 11488
Santurce,PR 00910
(809)725-5140
Division of Water
Resources
Department of Environmental
Management
75 Davis St., 209 Cannon Bldg.
Providence, RI 02908
(401) 277-2234
Department of Health and
Environmental Control
Environmental Quality Control
2600 Bull Street
Columbia, SC 29201
(803) 734-5300
and U.S. EPA
Region 2
26 Federal Plaza
Room 505
New York, NY 10278
(212) 264-9880
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South Dakota Department of Water and and
Natural Resources
Division of Environmental
Regulation
Point Source Control Program
Joe Foss Building
120 E. Capitol
Pierre, SD 57501
(605) 773-3351
Tennessee Department of Public Health
Division of Water Quality Control
TERRA Building, 2nd floor
150 9th Ave., N.
Nashville, TN 37219-5405
(615) 741-7883
Texas Texas Water Commission and
P.O. Box 13087
Capitol Station
Austin, TX 78711-3087
(512) 463-8028
Texas Railroad Commission
P.O. Drawer 12967
Austin, TX 78711
(512) 463-8028
Utah Department of Health
Bureau of Water Pollution Control
288 N. 1460 W.
P.O. Box 16690
Salt Lake City, UT 84116-0690
(801) 538-6146
Vermont Permit and Compliance Protection Division and
Environmental Engineering
Agency of Environmental Conservation
Building 89 South
103 S. Main Street
Waterbury.VT 05676
(802) 244-5674
Virginia State Water Control Board
211 N. Hamilton Street
P.O. Box 11143
Richmond, VA 23230
(804) 257-0056
U.S. EPA
Region 8
999 18th St., Suite 500
Denver, CO 80202-2405
(303) 293-1588
Attn: Water Management
Division Compliance
Branch (8WM-C)
U.S. EPA
Region 6
Water Management Division
Permits Branch, 6W-P,
1445 Ross Avenue,
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
(214) 655-7100
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Washington
West
Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Virgin
Islands
Washington Dept. of Ecology
Office of Water Programs
Mail Stop PV/11
Olympia,WA 98504
(206) 459-6000
Environmental Permit
Information Center
Department of Ecology
Headquarter's Office, PV-11
St. Martin's College
Campus-Lacey
Olympia, WA 98504
Department of Natural Resources
Division of Water Resources
1800 Washington Street, East
Charleston, WV 25305
(304) 348-2107
Department of Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Standards
Bureau of Water Resources and
Management
P.O. Box 7921
Madison, WI 53707
(608) 266-2121
Department of Environmental Quality
Water Quality Division
Herschler Building
122 West 25th Street
Cheyenne, WY 82002
(307) 777-7781
Division of Environmental Protection
Virgin Islands Dept. of Planning
and Natural Resources
Nisky Center, Suite 231
No. USA, Estate Nisky
Charlotte Awalie,
St. Thomas V.I. 00802
Guam
American
Samoa
Northern
Marianas
US EPA, Region IX
US EPA, Region DC
US EPA, Region DC
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APPENDIX A.2
ADDRESSES AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS OF EPA REGIONAL OFFICES
AND STATES WITHIN THE REGIONAL OFFICE JURISDICTION
REGION I
Permit Contact, NPDES Program Operations Section,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, John F. Kennedy Building,
WCP-510, Boston, Massachusetts 02203, (617) 565-3525,
FTS 835-3525.
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire,
Rhode Island, and Vermont.
REGION II
Permit Contact, Permits Administration Branch, Room 505,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 Federal Plaza,
New York, New York 10278, (212) 264-9880, FTS 264-9880.
New Jersey, New York, Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico.
REGION III
Permit Contact, Water Management Division, 5-WM-53,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 841 Chestnut Building,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, (215) 597-1651, FTS 597-1651.
Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania,
Virginia, and West Virginia.
REGION IV
Permit Contact, Water Management Division, Permits Section,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
345 Courtland Street, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30365,
(404) 347-3012, FTS 257-3012.
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee.
REGION V
Permit Contact, Water Management Division,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 230 South Dearborn Street,
Chicago, Illinois 60604, (312) 353-2105, FTS 353-2105.
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin.
REGION VI
NPDES Permits, Water Management Division, 6W-P,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, First Interstate Bank Tower at Fountain Place,
1445 Ross Avenue, 12th Floor, Suite 1200,
Dallas, Texas 75202, (214) 655-7190, FTS 255-7190.
Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas.
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REGION VII
Permit Contact, Permits Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
726 Minnesota Avenue, Kansas City, Kansas 66101,
(816) 758-5955, FTS 758-5955.
Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska.
REGION Vffl
Permit Contact, Water Management Division, Compliance Branch (8WM-C),
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 999 18th Street,
Denver, Colorado 80202-2405, (303) 293-1588, FTS 330-1588.
Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming.
REGION IX
NPDES Permits, Water Management Division, Permits Issuance Section (W-5-1),
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 75 Hawthorne Street,
San Francisco, California 94105, (415) 744-1906, FTS 484-1906.
Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Guam, American Samoa, and Trust Territories.
REGION X
Permit Contact, Water Management Division,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Sixth Avenue,
Seattle, Washington 98101, (206) 442-8399, FTS 399-8399
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington.
10
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APPENDIX B
FINAL NPDES STORMWATER REGULATIONS FOR PARTS
1 AND 2 OF THE PERMIT APPLICATION
B
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48062 Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 222 / Friday. November 16. 1990 / Rules and Regulations
certify, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 605(b), that
these amendments do not, have a
significant impact on a substantial
number of small entities.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Parts 122,123,
and 124
Administrative practice and
procedure. Environmental protection.
Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements, Water pollution control.
Authority: Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. 1251
el seq.
Dated. October 31.1990.
William K. Reilly,
Administrator.
For the reasons stated in the
preamble, parts 122,123, and 124 of title
40 of the Code of Federal Regulations
are amended as follows:
PART 122EPA ADMINISTERED
PERMIT PROGRAMS; THE NATIONAL
POLLUTANT DISCHARGE
ELIMINATION SYSTEM
Subpart BPermit Application and
Special NPDES Program Requirements
1. The authority citation for part 122
continues to read as follows:
Authority: Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. 1251
et seq.
2. Section 122.1 is amended by
revising paragraph (b)(2)(iv) to read as
follows:
§ 122.1 Purpose and scope.
*****
(b) * * *
(2) * * *
(iv) Discharges of storm water as set
forth in § 122.26; and
*****
3. Section 122.21 is amended by
revising paragraph (c)(l), by removing
the last sentence of paragraph (f](7), by
removing paragraph (f)(9), by adding
two sentences at the end of paragraph
(g)(3). by revising paragraph (g)(7)
introductory text, by removing and
reserving paragraph (g)(10) and by
revising the introductory text of
paragraph (k) to read as follows:
§ 122.21 Application for a permit
(applicable to State programs, see
§ 123.25).
*****
(c) Time to apply. (1) Any person
proposing a new discharge, shall submit
an application at least 180 days before
the date on which the discharge is to
commence, unless permission for a later
date has been granted by the Director.
Facilities proposing a new discharge of
storm water associated with industrial
activity shall submit an application 180
days before that facility commences
industrial activity which may result in a
discharge of storm water associated
with that industrial activity. Facilities
described under § 122.26(b)(14)(x) shall
submit applications at least 90 days
before the date on which construction is
to commence. Different submittal dates
may be required under the terms of
applicable general permits. Persons
proposing a new discharge are
encouraged to submit their applications
well in advance of the 90 or 180 day
requirements to avoid delay. See also
paragraph (k) of this section and
§ 122.26 (c)(l)(i)(G) andtc)(l)(ii).
*****
(8) * * *
(3) * * * The average flow of point
sources composed of storm water may
be estimated. The basis for the rainfall
event and the method of estimation must
be indicated.
*****
(?) Effluent characteristics.
Information on the discharge of
pollutants specified in this paragraph
(except information on storm water
discharges which is to be provided as
specified in $ 122.26). When
"quantitative data" for a pollutant are
required, the applicant must collect a
sample of effluent and analyze it for the
pollutant in accordance with analytical
methods approved under 40 CFR part
136. When no analytical method is
approved the applicant may use any
suitable method but must provide a
description of the method. When an
applicant has two or more outfalls with
substantially identical effluents, the
Director may allow the applicant to test
only one outfall and report that the
quantitative data also apply to the
substantially identical outfalls. The
requirements in paragraphs (g)(7) (iii)
and (iv) of this section that an applicant
must provide quantitative data for
certain pollutants known or believed to
be present do not apply to pollutants
present in a discharge solely as the
result of their presence in intake water;
however, an applicant must report such
pollutants as present. Grab samples
must be used for pH, temperature,
cyanide, total phenols, residual chlorine,
oil and grease, fecal coliform and fecal
streptococcus. For all other pollutants,
24-hour composite samples must be
used. However, a minimum of one grab
sample may be taken for effluents from
holding ponds or other impoundments
with a retention period greater than 24
hours. In addition, for discharges other
than storm water discharges, the
Director may waive composite sampling
for any outfall for which the applicant
demonstrates that the use of an
automatic sampler is infeasible and that
the minimum of four (4) grab samples
will be a representative sample of the
effluent being discharged. For storm
water discharges, all samples shall be
collected from the discharge resulting
from a storm event that is greater than
0.1 inch and at least 72 hours from the
previously measurable (greater than 0.1
inch rainfall) storm event. Where
feasible, the variance in the duration of
the event and the total rainfall of the
event should not exceed 50 percent from
the average or median rainfall event in
that area. For all applicants, a flow-
weighted composite shall be taken for
either the entire discharge or for the first
three hours of the discharge. The flow-
weighted composite sample for a storm
water discharge may be taken with a
continuous sampler or as a combination
of a minimum of three sample aliquots
taken in each hour of discharge for the
entire discharge or for the first three
hours of the discharge, with each aliquot
being separated by a minimum period of
fifteen minutes (applicants submitting
permit applications for storm water
discharges under § 122.26(d) may collect
flow weighted composite samples using
different protocols with respect to the
time duration between the collection of
sample aliquots, subject to the approval
of the Director). However, a minimum of
one grab sample may be taken for storm
water discharges from holding ponds or
other impoundments with a retention
period greater than 24 hours. For a flow-
weighted composite sample, only one
analysis of the composite of aliquots is
required. For storm water discharge
samples taken from discharges
associated with industrial activities,
quantitative data must be reported for
the grab sample taken during the first
thirty minutes (or as soon thereafter as
practicable) of the discharge for all
pollutants specified in § 122.26(c)(l). For
all storm water permit applicants taking
flow-weighted composites, quantitative
data must be reported for all pollutants
specified in § 122.26 except pH,
temperature, cyanide, total phenols.
residual chlorine, oil and grease, fecal
coliform, and fecal streptococcus. The
Director may allow or establish
appropriate site-specific sampling
procedures or requirements, including
sampling locations, the season in which
the sampling takes place, the minimum
duration between the previous
measurable storm event and the storm
event sampled, the minimum or
maximum level of precipitation required
for an appropriate storm event, the form
of precipitation sampled (snow melt or
rain fall), protocols fo" collecting
samples under 40 CFR part 136, and
additional time for submitting data on H
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Federal Register / Vol. 55. No. 222 / Friday, November 16. 1990 / Rules and Regulations 48063
case-by-case basis. An applicant is
expected to "know or have reason to
believe" that a pollutant is present in an
effluent based on an evaluation of the
expected use, production, or storage of
the pollutant, or on any previous
analyses for the pollutant. (For example,
any pesticide manufactured by a facility
may be expected to be present in
contaminated storm water runoff from
the facility.)
* » *
(k) Application requirements for new
sources and new discharges. New
manufacturing, commercial, mining and
silvicultural dischargers applying for
NPDES permits (except for new
discharges of facilities subject to the
requirements of paragraph (h) of this
section or new discharges of storm
water associated with industrial activity
which are subject to the requirements of
§ 122.26(c)(l) and this section (except as
provided by § 12£26(c)(l)(ii)) shall
provide the following information to the
Director, using the application forms
provided by the Director:
* * * «
4. Section 122.22(b) introductory text
is revised to read as follows:
§ 122.22 Signatories to permit applications
and reports (applicable to State programs,
see § 123.25).
* » *
(b) All reports required by permits,
and other information requested by the
Director shall be signed by a person
described in paragraph (a) of this
section, or by a duly authorized
representative of that person. A person
is a duly authorized representative only
if:
*****
5. Section 122.28 is revised to read as
follows:
§ 122.2S Storm water discharges
(applicable to State NPOES programs, se*
§ 123.25).
(a) Permit requirement. [\] Prior to
October 1,1992, discharges composed
entirely of storm water shall not be
required to obtain a NPDES permit
except:
(i) A discharge with respect to which
a permit has been issued prior to
February 4,1987;
(ii) A discharge associated with
industrial activity (see § 122.26(a)(4));
(iii) A discharge from a large
municipal separate storm sewer system;
(iv) A discharge from a medium
municipal separate storm sewer system:
(v) A discharge which the Director, or
in States with approved NPDES
programs, either the Director or the EPA
Regional Administrator, determines to
contribute to a violation of i water
quality standard or is a significant
contributor of pollutants to waters of the
United States. This designation may
include a discharge from any
conveyance or system of conveyances
used for collecting and conveying storm
water runoff or a system of discharges
from municipal separate storm sewers,
except for those discharges from
conveyances which do not require a
permit under paragraph (a)(2) of this
section or agricultural storm water
runoff which is exempted from the
definition of point source at § 122.2.
The Director may designate discharges
from municipal separate storm sewers
on a system-wide or jurisdiction-wide
basis. In making this determination the
Director may consider the following
factors:
(A) The location of the discharge with
respect to waters of the United States as
defined at 40 CFR 122.2.
(B) The size of the discharge;
(C) The quantity and nature of the
pollutants discharged to waters of the
United States; and
(D) Other relevant factors.
(2) The Director may not require a
permit for discharges of storm water
runoff from mining operations or oil and
gas exploration, production, processing
or treatment operations or transmission
facilities, composed entirely of flows
which are from conveyances or systems
of conveyances (including but not
limited to pipes, conduits, ditches, and
channels) used for collecting and
conveying precipitation runoff and
which are not contaminated by contact
with or that has not come into contact
with, any overburden, raw material,
intermediate products, finished product,
byproduct or waste products located on
the site of such operations.
(3) Large and medium municipal
separate storm sewer systems, (i)
Permits must be obtained for all
discharges from large and medium
municipal separate storm sewer
systems.
(ii) The Director may either issue one
system-wide permit covering all
discharges from municipal separate
storm sewers within a large or medium
municipal storm sewer system or issue
distinct permits for appropriate
categories of discharges within a large
or medium municipal separate storm
sewer system including, but not limited
to: all discharges owned or operated by
the same municipality; located within
the same jurisdiction; all discharges
within a system that discharge to the
same watershed: discharges within a
system that are similar in nature; or for
individual discharges from municipal
separate storm sewers within the
system.
(iii) The operator of a discharge from
a municipal separate storm sewer whif.h
is part of a large or medium municipal
separate storm sewer system must
either
(A) Participate in a permit application
(to be a permittee or a co-permittee)
with one or more other operators of
discharges from the large or medium
municipal storm sewer system which
covers all, or a portion of all, dischargps
from the municipal separate storm
sewer system;
(B) Submit a distinct permit
application which only covers
discharges from the municipal separate
storm sewers for which the operator is
responsible; or
(C) A regional authority may be
responsible for submitting a permit
application under the following
guidelines:
(1) The regional authority together
with co-applicants shall have authority
over a storm water management
program that is in existence, or shall be
in existence at the time part 1 of the
application is due;
(2) The permit applicant or co-
applicants shall establish their ability to
make a timely submission of part 1 and
part 2 of the municipal application;
(J) Each of the operators of municipal
separate storm sewers within the
systems described in paragraphs (b)(4)
(i), (ii). and (iii) or (b)(7) (i), (ii), and (iii)
of this section, that are under the
purview of the designated regional
authority, shall comply with the
application requirements of paragraph
(d) of this section.
(iv) One permit application may be
submitted for all or a portion of all
municipal separate storm sewers within
adjacent or interconnected large or
medium municipal separate storm sewer
systems. The Director may issue one
system-wide permit covering all, or a
portion of all municipal separate storm
sewers in adjacent or interconnected
large or medium municipal separate
storm sewer systems.
(v) Permits for all or a portion of all
discharges from large or medium
municipal separate storm sewer systems
that are issued on a system-wide.
jurisdiction-wide, watershed or other
basis may specify different conditions
relating to different discharges covered
by the permit, including different
management programs for different
drainage areas which contribute storm
water to the system.
(vi) Co-permittees need only complv
with permit conditions relating to
discharges from the municipal sep-ir,,'c
storm sewers for which they are
operators.
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48064
Federal Register / Vol. 55. No. 222 / Friday. November 16, 1990 / Rules and Regulations
;4i D.scharge* through large and
tin ,/,j/n municipal separate storm sewer
s\ items In addition to meeting the
requirements of paragraph (c) of this
section, an operator of a storm water
discharge associated with industrial
activity which discharges through a
large or medium municipal separate
slorm sewer system shall submit, to the
operator of the municipal separate storm
sewer system receiving the discharge no
later than May 15,1991, or 180 days
prior to commencing such discharge: the
name of the facility; a contact person
and phone number the location of the
discharge; a description, including
Standard Industrial Classification,
which best reflects the principal
products or services provided by each
facility; and any existing NPDES permit
number.
(5) Other municipal separate storm
sewers. The Director may issue permits
for municipal separate storm sewers
that are designated under paragraph
(a)(l)(v) of this section on a system-wide
basis, jurisdiction-wide basis,
watershed basis or other appropriate
basis, or may issue permits for
individual discharges.
(6) Non-municipal separate storm
sewers. For storm water discharges
associated with industrial activity from
point sources which discharge through a
non-municipal or non-publicly owned
separate storm sewer system, the
Director, in his discretion, may issue: a
single NPDES permit, with each
discharger a co-permittee to a permit
issued to the operator of the portion of
the system that discharges into-waters
of the United States; or, individual
permits to each discharger of storm
water associated with industrial activity
through the non-municipal conveyance
system.
(i) All storm water discharges
associated with industrial activity that
discharge through a storm water
discharge system th-at is not a municipal
separate storm sewer must be covered
by an individual permit, or a permit
issued to the operator of the portion of
the system that discharges to waters of
the United States, with each discharger
to the non-municipal conveyance a co-
permittee to that permit.
(ii) Where there is more than one
operator of a single system of such
conveyances, all operators of storm
water discharges associated with
industrial activity must submit
applications.
(iii) Any permit covering more than
one operator shall identify the effluent
limitations, or other permit conditions, if
any, that apply to each operator.
(7) Combined sewer systems.
Conveyances that discharge storm
water runoff combined with municipal
sewage are point sources that must
obtain NPDES permits in accordance
with the procedures of § 122.21 and are
not subject to the provisions of this
section.
(8) Whether a discharge from a
municipal separate storm sewer is or is
not subject to regulation under this
section shall have no bearing on
whether the owner or operator of the
discharge is eligible for funding under
title II, title III or title VI of the Clean
Water Act. See 40 CFR part 35, subpart
I, appendix A(b)H.2.j.
(b) Definitions. (1) Co-permittee
means a permittee to a NPDES permit
that is only responsible for permit
conditions relating to the discharge for
which it is operator.
(2) Illicit discharge means any
discharge to a municipal separate storm
sewer that is not composed entirely of
storm water except discharges pursuant
to a NPDES permit (other than the
NPDES permit for discharges from the
municipal separate storm sewer) and
discharges resulting from fire fighting
activities.
(3) Incorporated place means the
District of Columbia, or a city, town,
township, or village that is incorporated
under the laws of the State in which it is
located.
(4) Large municipal separate storm
sewer system means all municipal
separate storm sewers that are either;
(i) Located in an incorporated place
with a population of 250,000 or more as
determined by the latest Decennial
Census by the Bureau of Census
(appendix F); or
(ii) Located in the counties listed in
appendix H, except municipal separate
storm sewers that are located in the
incorporated places, townships or towns
within such counties; or
(iii) Owned or operated by a
municipality other than those described
in paragraph (b)(4) (i) or (ii) of this
section and that are designated by the
Director as part of the large or medium
municipal separate storm sewer system
due to the interrelationship between the
discharges of the designated storm
sewer and the discharges from
municipal separate storm sewers
described under paragraph (b)(4) (i) or
(ii) of this section. In making this
determination the Director may consider
the following factors:
(A) Physical interconnections
between the municipal separate storm
sewers;
(B) The location of discharges from
the designated municipal separate storm
sewer relative to discharges from
municipal separate storm sewers
described in paragraph (b)(4)(i) of this
section;
(C) The quantity and nature of
pollutants discharged to waters of the
United States;
(D) The nature of the receiving waters.
and
(E) Other relevant factors; or
(iv) The Director may, upon petition.
designate as a large municipal separate
storm sewer system, municipal separate
storm sewers located within the
boundaries of a region defined by a
storm water management regional
authority based on a jurisdicticnal,
watershed, or other appropriate basis
that includes one or more of thf systems
described in paragraph (b)(4) (i). (.i). (iii)
of this section.
(5) Major municipal separate storm
sewer outfall (or "major outfall") means
a municipal separate storm sewer outfall
that discharges from a single pipe with
an inside diameter of 36 inches or more
or its equivalent (discharge from a single
conveyance other than circular pipe
which is associated with a drainage
area of more than 50 acres); or for
municipal separate storm sewers that
receive storm water from lands zoned
for industrial activity (based on
comprehensive zoning plans or the
equivalent), an outfall that discharges
from a single pipe with an inside
diameter of 12 inches or more or from its
equivalent (discharge from other than a
circular pipe associated with a drainage
area of 2 acres or more).
(6) Major outfall means a major
municipal separate stcrm sewer outfall
(7) Medium municipal separate storn;
sewer system means all municipal
separate storm sewers that are either:
(i) Located in an incorporated place
with a population of 100,000 or more but
less than 250,000, as determined by the
latest Decennial Census by the Bureau
of Census (appendix G); or
(ii) Located in the counties listed in
appendix I, except municipal separate
storm sewers that are located in the
incorporated places, townships or towns
within such counties: or
(iii) Owned or operated by a
municipality other than those described
in paragraph (b)(4) (i) or (ii) of this
section and that are designated by the
Director as part of the large or medium
municipal separate storm sewer system
due to the interrelationship between the
discharges of the designated storm
sewer and the discharges from
municipal separate storm sewers
described under paragraph (b)(4) (i) or
(ii) of this section. In making this
determination the Director may considt-r
the following factors:
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Federal Register / Vol. 55. No. 222 / Friday. November 16. 1990 / Rules and Regulations 48065
(A) Physical interconnections
between the municipal separate storm
sewers;
(B) The location of discharges from
the designated municipal separate storm
sewer relative to discharges from
municipal separate storm sewers
described in paragraph (b)(7)(i) of this
section:
(C) The quantity and nature of
pollutants discharged to waters of the
United States;
(D) The nature of the receiving waters;
or
(E) Other relevant factors; or
(iv) The Director may, upon petition,
designate as a medium municipal
separate storm sewer system, municipal
separate storm sewers located within
the boundaries of a region defined by a
storm water management regional
authority based on a jurisdictional,
watershed, or other appropriate basis
that includes one or more of the systems
descnbed in paragraphs (b)(7) (i), (ii),
(iii) of this section.
(8) Municipal separate storm sewer
means a conveyance or system of
conveyances (including roads with
drainage systems, municipal streets,
catch basins, curbs, gutters, ditches,
man-made channels, or storm drains):
(i) Owned or operated by a State, city,
town, borough, county, parish, district,
association, or other public body
(created by or pursuant to State law)
having jurisdiction over disposal of
sewage, industrial wastes, storm water,
or other wastes, including special
districts under State law such as a
sewer district, flood control district or
drainage district, or similar entity, or an
Indian tribe or an authorized Indian
tribal organization, or a designated and
approved management agency under
section 208 of the CWA that discharges
to waters of the United States;
(ii) Designed or used for collecting or
conveying storm water
(iii) Which is not a combined sewer;
and
(iv) Which is not part of a Publicly
Owned Treatment Works (POTW) as
defined at 40 CFR 122.2.
(9) Outfall means & point source as
defined by 40 CFR 122.2 at the point
where a municipal separate storm sewer
discharges to waters of the United
States and does not include open
conveyances connecting two municipal
separate storm sewers, or pipes, tunnels
or other conveyances which connect
segments of the same stream or other
vaters of the United States and are used
o convey waters of the United States.
(10) Overburden means any material
of any nature, consolidated or
inconsolidated, that overlies a mineral
d°"osit, excluding topsoil or similar
naturally-occurring surface materials
that are not disturbed by mining
operations.
(11) Runoff coefficient means the
fraction of total rainfall that will appear
at a conveyance as runoff.
(12) Significant materials includes,
but is not limited to: raw materials;
fuels; materials such as solvents,
detergents, and plastic pellets: finished
materials such as metallic products; raw
materials used in food processing or
production; hazardous substances
designated under section 101(14) of
CERCLA; any chemical the facility is
required to report pursuant to section
313 of title III of SARA; fertilizers;
pesticides; and waste products such as
ashes, slag and sludge that have the
potential to be released with storm
water discharges.
(13) Storm water means storm water
runoff, snow melt runoff, and surface
runoff and drainage.
(14) Storm water discharge associated
with industrial activity means the
discharge from any conveyance which is
used for collecting and conveying storm
water and which is directly related to
manufacturing, processing or raw
materials storage areas at an industrial
plant. The term does not include
discharges from facilities or activities
excluded from the NPDES program
under 40 CFR part 122. For the
categories of industries identified in
paragraphs (b)(14) (i) through (x) of this
section, the term includes, but is not
limited to, storm water discharges from
industrial plant yards; immediate access
roads and rail lines used or traveled by
carriers of raw materials, manufactured
products, waste material, or by-products
used or created by the facility; material
handling sites; refuse sites; sites used for
the application or disposal of process
waste waters (as defined at 40 CFR part
401); sites used for the storage and
maintenance of material handling
equipment; sites used for residual
treatment, storage, or disposal; shipping
and receiving areas; manufacturing
buildings; storage areas (including tank
farms) for raw materials, and
intermediate and finished products; and
areas where industrial activity has
taken place in the past and significant
materials remain and are exposed to
storm water. For the categories of
industries identified in paragraph
(b)(14)(xi) of this section, the term
includes only storm water discharges
from all the areas (except access roads
and rail lines) that are listed in the
previous sentence where material
handling equipment or activities, raw
materials, intermediate products, final
products, waste materials, by-products,
or industrial machinery are exposed to
storm water. For the purposes of this
paragraph, material handling activities
include the storage, loading and
unloading, transportation, or
conveyance of any raw material,
intermediate product, finished product.
by-product or waste product. The term
excludes areas located on plant lands
separate from the plant's industrial
activities, such as office buildings and
accompanying parking lots as long as
the drainage from the excluded areas is
not mixed with storm water drained
from the above described areas.
Industrial facilities (including industrial
facilities that are Federally, State, or
municipally owned or operated that
meet the description of the facilities
listed in this paragraph (b)(14)|i)-(*i) of
this section) include those facilities
designated under the provisions of
paragraph (a)(l)(v) of this section. The
following categories of facilities are
considered to be engaging in "industrial
activity" for purposes of this subsection:
(i) Facilities subject to storm water
effluent limitations guidelines, new
source performance standards, or toxic
pollutant effluent standards under 40
CFR subchapter N (except facilities with
toxic pollutant effluent standards which
are exempted under category (xi) in
paragraph (b)(14) of this section);
(ii) Facilities classified as Standard
Industrial Classifications 24 (except
2434), 28 (except 265 and 267), 28 (except
283), 29, 311, 32 (except 323), 33. 3441. 373;
(iii) Facilities classified as Standard
Industrial Classifications 10 through 14
(mineral industry) including active or
inactive mining operations (except for
areas of coal mining operations no
longer meeting the definition of a
reclamation area under 40 CFR 434.11 (1)
because the performance bond issued lo
the facility by the appropriate SMCRA
authority has been released, or except
for areas of non-coal mining operations
which have been released from
applicable State or Federal reclamation
requirements after December 17.1990)
and oil and gas exploration, production.
processing, or treatment operations, or
transmission facilities that discharge
storm water contaminated by contact
with or that has come into contact wuh.
any overburden, raw material.
intermediate products, finished
products, byproducts or waste prtxiurn
located on the site of such operations
(inactive mining operations are mining
sites that are not being actively mm^tl.
but which have an identifiable owr,«r,
operator, inactive mining sites do n<»
include sites where mining cUirn* «T
being maintained prior to disturb*« «
associated with the extraction.
beneficiation, or processing of -n:i i
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48066
Federal Register / Vol. 55. No. 222 / Friday, November 16, 1990 /Rules and Regulations
riMtcnjilv nor sites where minimal
activities are undertaken for the sole
purpose of maintaining a mining claim):
(iv ) Hazardous waste treatment.
storage, or disposal facilities, including
those that are operating under interim
status or a permit under subtitle C of
RCRA.
(v) Landfills, land application sites.
and open dumps that receive or have
received any industrial wastes (waste
that is received from any of the facilities
described under this subsection)
including those that are subject to
regulation under subtitle D of RCRA:
(vi) Facilities involved in the recycling
of materials, including metal scrapyards.
battery reclaimers, salvage yards, and
automobile junkyards, including but
limited to those classified as Standard
Industrial Classification SOTS and 5093;
(vii) Steam electric power generating
facilities, including coal handling sites:
(viii) Transportation facilities
classified as Standard Industrial
Classifications 40. «1. 42 (except 4221-
25). 43, 44. 45. and 5171 which have
vehicle maintenance shops, equipment
cleaning operations, or airport dewing
operations. Only those portions of the
facility that are either involved in
vehicle maintenance (including vehicle
rehabilitation, mechanical repairs.
painting, fueling, and lubrication),
equipment cleaning operations, airport
deicing operations, or which are
otherwise identified under paragraphs
(b)(14) (iHvii) or (ix)-(xi) of this section
are associated with industrial activity,
(ix) Treatment works treating
domestic sewage or any other sewage
sludge or wastewater treatment device
or system, used in the storage treatment.
recycling, and reclamation of municipal
or domestic sewage, including land
dedicated to the disposal of sewage
sludge that arp located within the
confines of the facility, with a design
flow of 1.0 mgd or more, or required to
have an approved pretreatmen! program
under 40 CFR part 403. Not included are
farm lands, domestic gardens or lands
used for sludge management where
sludge is beneficially reused and which
are not physically located in the
confines of the facility, or areas that are
in compliance with section 405 of the
CWA;
(x) Construction activity including
clearing, grading and excavation
activities except operations that result
in the disturbance of less than five acres
of total land area which are not part of a
larger common plan of development or
sale;
(xi) Facilities under Standard
Industrial Classifications 20. 21. 22. 23.
2434. 25. 265, 267, 27. 283. 285. 30. 31
(except 311). 323, 34 (except 3441). 35, 36,
37 (except 373). 38, 39. 4221-25, (and
which are not otherwise included within
categories (iiH*j):
(c) Application requirements for storm
water discharges associated with
industrial activity(1) Individual
application. Dischargers of storm water
associated with industrial activity are
required to apply for an individual
permit, apply for a permit through a
group application, or seek coverage
under a promulgated storm water
general permit Facilities that are
required to obtain an individual permit.
or any discharge of storm water which
the Director is evaluating for
designation [see 40 CFR 124.52(c)) under
paragraph (a)(l)(v) of this section and is
not a municipal separate storm sewer,
and which is not part of a group
application described under paragraph
(c)(2) of this section, shall submit an
NPDES application in accordance with
the requirements of § 122.21 as modified
and supplemented by the provisions of
the remainder of this paragraph.
Applicants for discharges composed
entirely of storm water shall submit
Form 1 and Form 2F. Applicants for
discharges composed of storm water
and non-storm water shall submit Form
1. Form 2C. and Form 2F. Applicants for
new sources or new discharges {as
defined in 5 122.2 of this part) composed
of storm water and non-storm water
shall submit Form 1. Form 2D. and Form
2F.
(i) Except as provided in § 122.26(c)(l)
(ii)-{iv). the operator of a storm water
discharge associated with industrial
activity subject to this section shall
provide:
(A) A site map showing topography
(or indicating the outline of drainage
areas served by the outfall(s) covered in
the application if a topographic map is
unavailable) of the facility including:
each of its drainage and discharge
structures; the drainage area of each
storm water outfall: paved areas and
buildings within the drainage area of
each sturm water outfall, each past or
present area used for outdoor storage 01
disposal of significant materials, each
existing structural control measure to
reduce pollutants in storm water runoff.
materials loading and access areas.
areas where pesticides, herbicides, soil
conditioners and fertilizers are applied.
each of its hazardous waste treatment.
storage or disposal facilities (including
each area not required to have a RCRA
permit which is used for accumulating
hazardous waste under 40 CFR 262.34):
each well where fluids from the facility
are injected underground, springs, and
other surface water bodies which
receive storm water discharges from the
facility:
(B) An estimate of the area of
impervious surfaces (including paved
areas and building roofs) and the total
area drained by each outfall (within »
mile radius of the facility) and a
narrative description of the following'
Significant materials that in the three
years prior to the submitlal of this
application have been treated, stored or
disposed in a manner to allow exposure
to storm water, method of treatment.
storage or disposal of such materials;
materials management practices
employed, in the three years prior to the
submittal of this application, to
minimize contact by these material;:
with storm water runoff: materials
loading and access areas: the location.
manner and frequency in which
pesticides, herbicides, soil conditioners
and fertilizers are applied: the location
and a description of existing structural
and non-structural control measures to
reduce pollutants in storm water runoff.
and a description of the treatment the
storm water receives, including the
ultimate disposal of any solid or fluid
wastes other than by discharge;
(C) A certification that all outfalls that
should contain storm water discharges
associated with industrial activity have
been tested or evaluated for the
presence of non-storm water discharg<--
which are not covered by a NPDKS
permit: tests for such non-storm water
discharges may include smoke tests,
fluorometric dye tests, analysis of
accurate schematics, as well as other
appropriate tests. The certification shall
include a description of the method
used, the dHte of any testing, and the or.
site drainage points that were directly
observed during a test:
(D) Existing information regarding
significant leaks or spills of toxic or
hazardous pollutants at the facility thai
have taken place within the three yean.
prior to the submittal of this application;
(E) Quantitative ddta based on
samples collected during storm eienis
apd collected in accordance with
| 122.21 of this part from all outfall;,
containing a storm water discharge
associated with industrial actnitv fat
the following parameters:
(1) Any pollutant limited in an effluen
guideline to which the facility is subject.
(2) Any pollutant listed in the facility's
N'PDES permit for its process
wastewat»-r (if the facility is jperai'n^
under an existing NFDES permit).
[3] Oil and grease. pH. BODS. COD.
TSS. total phosphorus, total Kjeiciahi
nitrogen, and nitrate plus nitrite
nitrogen:
(4} Any information on the duschdrgt-
required under paragraph § 122.21(g)(7)
(iii) and(iv) of this part:
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Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 222 / Friday, November 16. 1990 / Rules and Regulations
48067
(5) Flow measurements or estimates of
the flow rate, and the total amount of
discharge for the storm event(s)
sampled, and the method of flow
measurement or estimation; and
(6) The date and duration (in hours) of
!he storm event(s) sampled, rainfall
measurements or estimates of the storm
event (in inches) which generated the
sampled runoff and the duration
between the storm event sampled and
the end of the previous measurable
(greater than 0.1 inch rainfall) storm
event (in hours):
(F) Operators of a discharge which is
composed entirely of storm water are
exempt from the requirements of
§ 122.21 (g)(2), (g)(3). (g)(4), (g)(5).
(8)(7)(i), (g)(7)(ii). and (g)(7)(v); and
(G) Operators of new sources or new
discharges (as defined in § 122.2 of this
part) which are composed in part or
entirely of storm water must include
estimates for the pollutants or
parameters listed in paragraph
(c)(l)(i)(E) of this section instead of
actual sampling data, along with the
source of each estimate. Operators of
new sources or new discharges
composed in part or entirely of storm
water must provide quantitative data for
the parameters listed in paragraph
(c)(l)(i)(E) of this section within two
years after commencement of discharge,
unless such data has already been
reported under the monitoring
requirements of the NPDES permit for
the discharge. Operators of a new
source or new discharge which is
composed entirely of storm water are
exempt from the requirements of
§ 122.21 (k)(3)(ii). (k)(3)(iii), and (k){5).
(ii) The operator of an existing or new
storm water discharge that is associated
with industrial activity solely under
paragraph (b)(14)(x) of this section, is
exempt from the requirements of
§ 122.21(g) and paragraph (c)(l)(i) of this
section. Such operator shall provide a
narrative description of:
(A) The location (including a map)
and the nature of the construction
activity:
(B) The total area of the site and the
area of the site that is expected to
undergo excavation during the life of the
permit;
(C) Proposed measures, including best
management practices, to control
pollutants in storm water discharges'
during construction, including a brief
description of applicable State and local
erosion and sediment control
requirements;
(D) Proposed measures to control
pollutants in storm water discharges
that will occur after construction
ope ations have been completed,
incl .ding a brief description of
applicable State or local erosion and
sediment control requirements:
(E) An estimate of the runoff
coefficient of the site and the increase in
impervious area after the construction
addressed in the permit application is
completed, the nature of fill material
and existing data describing the soil or
the quality of the discharge; and
(F) The name of the receiving water.
(iii) The operator of an existing or new
discharge composed entirely of storm
water from an oil or gas exploration.
production, processing, or treatment
operation, or transmission facility is not
required to submit a permit application
in accordance with paragraph (c)(l)(i) of
this section, unless the facility:
(A) Has had a discharge of storm
water resulting in the discharge of a
reportable quantity for which
notification is or was required pursuant
to 40 CFR 117.21 or 40 CFR 302.6 at
anytime since November 16,1987; or
(B) Has had a discharge of storm
water resulting in the discharge of a
reportable quantity for which
notification is or was required pursuant
to 40 CFR 110.6 at any time since
November 16,1987; or
(C) Contributes to a violation of a
water quality standard.
(iv) The operator of an existing or new
discharge composed entirely of storan
water from a mining operation is not
required to submit a permit application
unless the discharge has come into
contact with, any overburden, raw
material, intermediate products, finished
product, byproduct or waste products
located on the site of such operations.
(v) Applicants shall provide such
other information the Director may
reasonably require under § 122.21(g)(13)
of this part to determine whether to
issue a permit and may require any
facility subject to paragraph (c)(l)(ii) of
this section to comply with paragraph
(c)(l)(i) of this section.
(2) Croup application for discharges
associated with industrial activity. In
lieu of individual applications or notice
of intent to be covered by a general
permit for storm water discharges
associated with industrial activity, a
group application may be filed by an
entity representing a group of applicants
(except facilities that have existing
individual NPDES permits for storm
water) that are part of the same
subcategory (see 40 CFR subchapter N,
part 405 to 471) or. where such grouping
is inapplicable, are sufficiently similar
as to be appropriate for general permit
coverage under § 122.28 of this part. The
part 1 application shall be submitted to
the Office of Water Enforcement and
Permits. U.S. EPA, 401 M Street. SW.,
Washington, DC 20460 (EN-336) for
approval. Once a part 1 application is
approved, group applicants are to
submit Part 2 of the group application to
the Office of Water Enforcement and
Permits. A group application shall
consist of:
(i) Part 1. Part 1 of a group application
shall:
(A) Identify the participants in the
group application by name and location.
Facilities participating in the group
application shall be listed in nine
subdivisions, based on the facility
location relative to the nine
precipitation zones indicated in
appendix E to this part.
(B) Include a narrative description
summarizing the industrial activities of
participants of the group application and
explaining why the participants, as a
whole, are sufficiently similar to be a
covered by a general permit;
(C) Include a list of significant
materials stored exposed to
precipitation by participants in the
group application and materials
management practices employed to
diminish contact by these materials with
precipitation and storm water runoff;
(D) Identify ten percent of the
dischargers participating in the group
application (with a minimum of 10
dischargers, and either a minimum of
two dischargers from each precipitation
zone indicated in appendix E of this part
in which ten or more members of the
group are located, or one discharger
from each precipitation zone indicated
in appendix E of this part in which nine
or fewer members of the group are
located) from which quantitative data
will be submitted in part 2. If more than
1,000 facilities are identified in a group
application, no more than 10O
dischargers must submit quantitative
data in Part 2. Groups of between four
and ten dischargers may be formed.
However, in groups of between four ana
ten, at least half the facilities must
submit quantitative data, and at least
one facility in each precipitation zone in
which members of the group are located
must submit data. A description of why
the facilities selected to perform
sampling and analysis are
representative of the group as a whole in
terms of the information provided in
paragraph (c)(l) (i)(B) and (i)(C) of this
section, shall accompany this section.
Different factors impacting the nature of
the storm water discharges, such as
processes used and material
management, shall be represented, lo
the extent feasible, in a manner roughly
equivalent to their proportion in the
group.
(ii) Part 2. Part 2 of a group
application shall contain qu.mt.i.i'.x'
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Federal Register / Vol. 55. No. 222 / Friday. November 16. 1990 / Rules and Regulations
(.11* (NPDES Form 2F|. as modified by
pairgraph (c)(lj of this section, so that
when part 1 and part 2 of the group
implication are taken together, a
complete NPDES application (Form 1,
Form 2C and Form 2F) can be evaluated
for each discharger identified in
pardijraph (c)(2)(i)(D) of this section.
I d | Application requirements for large
and medium municipal separate storm
srn f-r discharges. The operator of a
discharge from a large or medium
municipal separate storm sewer or a
municipal separate storm sewer that is
designated by the Director under
paragraph (a)(l)(v) of this section, may
submit a jurisdiction-wide or system-
wide permit application. Where more
than one public entity owns or operates
a municipal separate storm sewer within
a geographic area (including adjacent or
interconnected municipal separate
storm sewer systems), such operators
may be a coapplicant to the same
application. Permit applications for
discharges from large and medium
municipal storm sewers or municipal
storm sewers designated under
paragraph (a)(l)(v) of this section shall
include;
(1) Part 1. Part 1 of the application
shall consist of;
(i) General information. "Hie
applicants' name, address, telephone
number of contact person, ownership
status and status as a State or local
government entity.
(ii) Legal authority. A description of
existing legal authority to control
discharges to the municipal separate
storm sewer system. When existing
legal authority is not sufficient to meet
the criteria provided in paragraph
(d)(2)(i) of this section, the description
shall list additional authorities as will
be necessary to meet the criteria and
shall include a schedule and
commitment to seek such additional
authority that will be needed to meet the
criteria.
(iii) Source identification. (A) A
description of the historic use of
ordinances, guidance or other controls
which limited the discharge of non-
storm water discharges to any Publicly
Owned Treatment Works serving the
same area as the municipal separate
storm sewer system.
(B) A USGS 7.5 minute topographic
map (or equivalent topographic map
with a scale between 1:10,000 and
1:24,000 if cost effective) extending one
mile beyond the service boundaries of
the municipal storm sewer system
covered by the permit application. The
following information shall be provided:
(1) The location of known municipal
storm sewer system outfalls discharging
to waters of the United States;
[2] A description of the land use
activities (e.g. divisions indicating
undeveloped, residential, commercial,
agricultural and industrial uses)
accompanied with estimates of
population densities and projected
growth for a ten year period within the
drainage area served by the separate
storm sewer. For each land use type, an
estimate of an average runoff coefficient
shall be provided;
(3) The location and a description of
the activities of the facility of each
currently operating or closed municipal
landfill or other treatment, storage or
disposal facility for municipal waste;
(4) The location and the permit
number of any known discharge to the
municipal storm sewer that has been
issued a NPDES permit;
(5) The location of major structural
controls for storm water discharge
(retention basins, detention basins,
major infiltration devices, etc.); and
(6) The identification of publicly
owned parks, recreational areas, and
other open lands.
(iv) Discharge characterization. (A)
Monthly mean rain and snow fall
estimates (or summary of weather
bureau data) and the monthly average
number of storm events.
(B) Existing quantitative data
describing the volume and quality of
discharges from the municipal storm
sewer, including a description of the
outfalls sampled, sampling procedures
and analytical methods used.
(C) A list of water bodies that receive
discharges from the municipal separate
storm sewer system, including
downstream segments, lakes and
estuaries, where pollutants from the
system discharges may accumulate and
cause water degradation and a brief
description of known water quality
impacts. At a minimum, the description
of impacts shall include a description of
whether the water bodies receiving such
discharges have been:
(1) Assessed and reported in section
305fb) reports submitted by the State,
the basis for the assessment (evaluated
or monitored), a summary of designated
use support and attainment of Clean
Water Act (CWA) goals (fishable and
swimmable waters), and causes of
nonsupport of designated uses;
(2) Listed under section 304(l)(l)(A)(i),
section 304(l)(l)(A)(ii), or section
304(1)(1)(B) of the CWA that is not
expected to meet water quality
standards or water quality goals;
[3] Listed in State Nonpoint Source
Assessments required by section 319(a)
of the CWA that, without additional
action to control nonpoint sources of
pollution, cannot reasonably be
expected to attain or maintain water
quality standards due to storm sewers.
construction, highway maintenance and
runoff from municipal landfills and
municipal sludge adding significant
pollution (or contributing to a violation
of water quality standards);
(4} Identified and classified according
to eutrophic condition of publicly owned
lakes listed in State reports required
under section 314(a) of the CWA
(include the following: A description of
those publicly owned lakes for which
uses are known to be impaired; a
description of procedures, processes and
methods to control the discharge of
pollutants from municipal separate
storm sewers into such lakes; and a
description of methods and procedures
to restore the quality of such lakes);
(5] Areas of concern of the Great
Lakes identified by the International
Joint Commission;
[6] Designated estuaries under the
National Estuary Program under section
320 of the CWA;
(7) Recognized by the applicant as
highly valued or sensitive waters;
(8} Defined by the State or U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Scrvices's National
Wetlands Inventory as wetlands; and
(9} Found to have pollutants in bottom
sediments, fish tissue or btosurvey data.
(D) Field screening. Results of a field
screening analysis for illicit connections
and illegal dumping for either selected
field screening points or major outfalls
covered in the permit application. At a
minimum, a screening analysis shall
include a narrative description, for
either each field screening point or
major outfall, of visual observations
made during dry weather periods. If any
flow is observed, two grab samples shall
be collected during a 24 hour period
with a minimum period of four hours
between samples. For all such samples,
a narrative description of the color,
odor, turbidity, the presence of an oil
sheen or surface scum as well as any
other relevant observations regarding
the potential presence of non-storm
water discharges or illegal dumping
shall be provided. In addition, a
narrative description of the results of a
field analysis using suitable methods to
estimate pH, total chlorine, total copper,
total phenol, and detergents (or
surfactants) shall be provided along
with a description of the flow rate.
Where the field analysis does not
involve analytical methods approved
under 40 CFR part 138, the applicant
shall provide a description of the
method used including the name of the
manufacturer of the test method along
with the range and accuracy of the test.
Field screening points shall be either
major outfalls or other outfall points (or
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Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 222 / Friday, Xovember 16V 1990 / Rules and Regulations
48063
any other point of access such as
manholes^ randomly located throughout
the storm sewer system by placing a
grid over a drainage system map and
identifying those cells of the grid which
contain a segment of the storm sewer
system or major outfatl. The field
screening points shall be established
using the following guidelines and
criteria:
(1) A grid system consisting of
perpendicular north-south and east-west
lines spaced Vi mile apart shall be
overlayed on a map of the municipal
storm sewer system, creating a series of
cells:
(2) All cells that contain a segment of
the storm sewer system shall be
identified; one field screening point shall
be selected in each cell; major outfalls
may be used as field screening points:
(3) Field screening points should be
located downstream of any sources of
suspected illegal or illicit activity:
(4} Field screening points shall be
located to the degree practicable at the
farthest manhole or other accessible
location downstream in the system,
within each cell; however, safety of
personnel and accessibility of the
location should be considered in making
this determination;
(5} Hydrological conditions; total
drainage area of the site; population
density of the site; traffic density; age of
the structures or buildings in the area;
history of the area: and land use types;
(6) For medium municipal separate
storm sewer systems, no more than 250
cells need to have identified field
screening points; in large municipal
separate storm sewer systems, no more
than 500 cells need to have identified
field screening points; cells established
by the grid that contain no storm sewer
segments will be eliminated from
consideration; if fewer than 250 cells in
medium municipal sewers are created.
and fewer than 500 in large systems are
created by the overlay on the municipal
sewer map, then ail those cells which
contain a segment of the sewer system
shall be subject to field screening
(unless access to the separate storm
sewer system is impossible); and
(7) Large or medium municipal
separate storm sewer systems which are
unable to utilize the procedures
described in paragraphs (dUl)(iv)(D> (1)
through (6) of this section, because a
sufficiently detailed map of the separate
storm sewer systems is unavailable,
shall field screen no more than 500 or
250 major outfalls respectively (or all
major outfalls in the system, if less); in
such circumstances, the applicant shall
establish a grid system consisting of
north-south and east-west lines spaced
'/4 mile apart as an overlay to the
boundaries of the municipal storm sewer
system, thereby creating a series of
cells; the applicant will then select
major outfalls in as many cells as
possible until at least 500 major outfalls
(large municipalities) or 250 major
outfalls (medium municipalities) are
selected; a field screening analysis shall
be undertaken at these major outfalls.
(E) Characterization plan. Information
and a proposed program to meet the
requirements of paragraph (d)(2)(iii) of
this section. Such description shall
include: the location of outfalls or field
screening points appropriate for
representative data collection, under
paragraph (d)(2)(iii)(A) of this section, a
description of why the outfall or field
screening point is representative, the
seasons during which sampling vs
intended, a description of the sampling
equipment The proposed location of
outfalls or field screening points for such
sampling should reflect water quality
concerns (see paragraph (d)(l)UvHC) of
this section) to the extent practicable.
(v) Management programs. (A) A
description of the existing management
programs to control pollutants from the
municipal separate storm sewer system.
The description shall provide
information on existing structural and
source controls, including operation, and
maintenance measures for structural
controls, that are currently being
implemented. Such controls may
include, but are not limited to:
Procedures to control pollution resulting
from construction activities; floodplain
management controls; wetland
protection measures; best management
practices for new subdivisions; and
emergency spill response programs. The
description may address controls
established under State law as well as
local requirements.
(B) A description of the existing
program to identify illicit connections to
the municipal storm sewer system. The
description should include inspection-
procedures and methods for detecting
and preventing illicit discharges, and
describe areas where this program has
been implemented.
(vi) Fiscal resources. (A) A
description of the financial resources
currently available to the municipality
to complete part 2 of the permit
application. A description of the
municipality's budget for existing storm
water programs, including an overview
of the municipality's financial resources
and budget including overall
indebtedness and assets, and sources of
funds for storm water programs.
(2) Part 2. Part 2 of the application
shall consist of:
(i) Adequate legal authority. A
demonstration that the applicant can
operate pursuant to legal authority
established by statute, ordinance or
series of contracts which authorizes or
enables the applicant at a minimum to:
(A) Control through ordinance, permit,
contract, order or similar means, the
contribution of pollutants to the
municipal storm sewer by storm water
discharges associated with industrial
activity and the quality of storm water
discharged from sites of industrial
activity;
(B) Prohibit through ordinance, order
or similar means, illicit discharges to the
municipal separate storm sewer
(C) Control through ordinance, order
or similar means the discharge to a
municipal separate storm sewer of
spills, dumping or disposal of materials
other than storm water;
(D) Control through interagency
agreements among coapplicants the
contribution of pollutants from one
portion of the municipal system to
another portion of the municipal system:
(E) Require compliance with
conditions- in ordinances, permits.
contracts or orders; and
(F). Carry out all inspection,
surveillance and monitoring procedures
necessary to determine compliance and
noncompliance with permit conditions
including the prohibition on illicit
discharges to the municipal separate
storm sewer.
(ii) Source identification. The location
of any major ourfatt that discharges to
waters of the United States that was not
reported under paragraph (d)(l)(iii)(B)(l}
of this section. Provide an inventory,
organized by watershed of the name and
address, and a description (such as SIC
codes) which best reflects the principal
products or services provided by each
facility which may discharge, to the
municipal separate storm sewer, storm
water associated with industrial
activity;
(iii) Characterization data. When
"quantitative data" fora pollutant are
required under paragraph
(d)(a)(iii)(A)(5) of this paragraph, the
applicant must collect a sample of
effluent in accordance with 40 CFR
122.21(g)(7) ajid analyze it for the
pollutant in accordance with analytical
methods apptoved under 40 CFR pan
136. When no analytical method is
approved the applicant may use any
suitable method but naust provide a
description of the method. The applicant
must provide information characterizing
the quality and quantity of discharges
covered in the permit application.
including:
(A) Quantitative data from
representative outfalls designated Sv :he
Director (based on information ;^cr »"fi
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Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 222 / Friday, November 16, 1990 / Rules and Regulations
is: p*"-1 1 o' ihe application, the Director
sh.n. brtigirtic between five and ten
outUlU or field screening points as
reprr*entutive of the commercial,
residential and industrial land use
ac tiMiifi of the drainage area
contributing to the system or, where
thcrr are less than five outfalls covered
in thf «pplication, the Director shall
designme nil outfalls) developed as
follow i
(7) For each outfall or field screening
point designated under this
subparagraph, samples shall be
collected of storm water discharges from
three storm events occurring at least one
month apart in accordance with the
requirements at § 122.21(g)(7) (the
Director may allow exemptions to
sampling three storm events when
climatic conditions create good cause
for such exemptions);
(2) A narrative description shall be
provided of the date and duration of the
storm event(s) sampled, rainfall
estimates of the storm event which
generated the sampled discharge and
the duration between the storm event
sampled and the end of the previous
measurable (greater than 0.1 inch
rainfall) storm event:
{3} For samples collected and
described under paragraphs (d)(2)(iii)
(A)(7) and [A.)(2] of this section,
quantitative data shall be provided for:
the organic pollutants listed in Table II;
the pollutants listed in Table III (toxic
metals, cyanide, and total phenols) of
appendix D of 40 CFR part 122, and for
the following pollutants:
Total suspended solids (TSS)
Total dissolved solids (TDS)
COD
BOD,
Oil and grease
Fecal cohform
Fecal streptococcus
PH
Total Kjeldahl nitrogen
Nitrate plus nitrite
Dissolved phosphorus
Total ammonia plus organic nitrogen
Total phosphorus
(4) Additional limited quantitative
data required by the Director for
determining permit conditions (the
Director may require that quantitative
data shall be provided for additional
parameters, and may establish sampling
conditions such as the location, season
of sample collection, form of
precipitation (snow melt, rainfall) and
other parameters necessary to insure
representativeness);
(B) Estimates of the annual pollutant
load of the cumulative discharges to
waters of the United States from all
identified municipal outfalls and the
event mean concentration of the
cumulative discharges to waters of the
United States from all identified
municipal outfalls during a storm event
(as described under § 122.21(c)(7)) for
BODs. COD, TSS, dissolved solids, total
nitrogen, total ammonia plus organic
nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved
phosphorus, cadmium, copper, lead, and
zinc. Estimates shall be accompanied by
a description of the procedures for
estimating constituent loads and
concentrations, including any modelling.
data analysis, and calculation methods;
(C) A proposed schedule to provide
estimates for each major outfall
identified in either paragraph (d)(2)(ii) or
(d)(l)(iii)(B)(7) of this section of the
seasonal pollutant load and of the event
mean concentration of a representative
storm for any constituent detected in
any sample required under paragraph
(d)(2)(iii)(A) of this section: and
(D) A proposed monitoring program
for representative data collection for the
term of the permit that describes the
location of outfalls or field screening
points to be sampled (or the location of
instream stations), why the location is
representative, the frequency of
sampling, parameters to be sampled,
and a description of sampling
equipment.
(iv) Proposed management program. A
proposed management program covers
the duration of the permit. It shall
include a comprehensive planning
process which involves public
participation and where necessary
intergovernmental coordination, to
reduce the discharge of pollutants to the
maximum extent practicable using
management practices, control
techniques and system, design and
engineering methods, and such other
provisions which are appropriate. The
program shall also include a description
of staff and equipment available to
implement the program. Separate
proposed programs may be submitted by
each coapplicant. Proposed programs
may impose controls on a systemwide
basis, a watershed basis, a jurisdiction
basis, or on individual outfalls. Proposed
programs will be considered by the
Director when developing permit
conditions to reduce pollutants in
discharges to the maximum extent
practicable. Proposed management
programs shall describe priorities for
implementing controls. Such programs
shall be based on:
(A) A description of structural and
source control measures to reduce
pollutants from runoff from commercial
and residential areas that are
discharged from the municipal storm
sewer system that are to be
implemented during the life of the
permit, accompanied with an estimate of
the expected reduction of pollutant
loads and a proposed schedule for
implementing such controls. At a
minimum, the description shall include
(?) A description of maintenance
activities and a maintenance schedule
for structural controls to reduce
pollutants (including floatables) in
discharges from municipal separate
storm sewers:
[2) A description of planning
procedures including a comprehensive
master plan to develop, implement and
enforce controls to reduce the discharge
of pollutants from municipal separate
storm sewers which receive discharges
from areas of new development and
significant redevelopment. Such plan
shall address controls to reduce
pollutants in discharges from municipal
separate storm sewers after construction
is completed. (Controls to reduce
pollutants in discharges from municipal
separate storm sewers containing
construction site runoff are addressed in
paragraph (d)(2)(iv)(D) of this section:
(3) A description of practices for
operating and maintaining public
streets, roads and highways and
procedures for reducing the impact on
receiving waters of discharges from
municipal storm sewer systems,
including pollutants discharged as a
result of deicing activities;
(4] A description of procedures to
assure that flood management projects
assess the impacts on the water quality
of receiving water bodies and that
existing structural flood control devices
have been evaluated to determine if
retrofitting the device to provide
additional pollutant removal from storm
water is feasible:
(5) A description of a program to
monitor pollutants in runoff from
operating or closed municipal landfills
or other treatment, storage or disposal
facilities for municipal waste, which
shall identify priorities and procedures
for inspections and establishing and
implementing control measures for such
discharges (this program can be
coordinated with the program developed
under paragraph (d)(2)(iv)(C) of this
section); and
(6) A description of a program to
reduce to the maximum extent
practicable, pollutants in discharges
from municipal separate storm sewers
associated with the application of
pesticides, herbicides and fertilizer
which will include, as appropriate.
controls such as educational activities
permits, certifications and other
measures for commercial applicators
and distributors, and controls for
application in public right-of-ways ana
at municipal facilities.
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Federal Registe? / Vol. 55, No. 222 f Friday, November 16, 1990 / Rules and Kegulations 40071
(B) A description of a program,
including a schedule, to detect and
remove (or require the discharger to the
municipal separate storm sewer to
obtain a separate NPDES permit for)
illicit discharges and Improper disposal
into the storm sewer. The proposed
program shall include:
(1) A description of a program,
including inspections, to implement and
enforce an ordinance, orders or similar
means to prevent illicit discharges to the
municipal separate storm sewer system;
this program descnption shall address
ail types of illicit discharges, however
the following category of non-storm
water discharges or flows shall be
addressed where such discharges are
identified by the municipality as sources
of pollutants to waters of the United
States: water line flushing, landscape
irrigation, diverted stream flows, rising
ground waters, uncontaminated ground
water infiltration, (.as defined at 40 CFR
35.2005(20)) to separate storm sewers,
uncomtaminated pumped ground water,
discharges from potable water sources,
foundation drains, air conditioning
condensation, irrigation water, springs,
water from crawl space pumps, footing
drains, lawn watering, individual
residential car washing, flows from
riparian habitats and wetlands,
dechForinated swimming pool
discharges, and street wash water
(program descriptions shall address
discharges or flows from fire fightfrtg
only where such discharges or flows are
identified as significant sources of
pollutants to waters of the United
States);
[2] A description of procedures to
conduct on-going field screening
activities during the h'fe of the permit.
including areas or locations that will be
evaluated by such field screens;
(3} A description of procedures to be
followed to investigate portions of the
separate storm sewer system that, based
on the results of the field screen, or
other appropriate information, indicate a
reasonable potential of containing: illicit
discharges or other sources of non-storm
water (such procedures may include:
sampling procedures fos constituents
such as fecal coliform, fecal
streptococcus, surfactants (N4BAS},
residual chlorine, fluorides and
potassium; testing with Quorometric
dyes; or conducting in storm sewer
inspections where safety and other
considerations allow. Such description
shall include the location of storm
sewers that have been identified for
such evaluation);
(4} A description of procedures to
prevent, contain, and respond to spills
that may discharge into the municipal
separate storm sewer;
(5) A description of a program to
promote, publicize, and facilitate publfc
reporting of the presence of illicit
discharges or water quality impacts
associated with discharges from
municipal separate storm sewers;
(6) A description of educational
activities, public information activities,
and other appropriate activities to
facilitate the proper management and
disposal of used oil and toxic materials;
and
[7] A description of controls to limit
infiltration of seepage from municipal
sanitary sewers to municipal separate
storm sewer systems where necessary;
(C) A description of a program to
monitor and control pollutants in storm
water discharges to municipal systems
from municipal landfills, hazardous
waste treatment, disposal and recovery
facilities, industrial facilities that are
subject to section 313 of title III of the
Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorizetion Act of 1986 (SARA),
and industrial facilities that the
municipal permit applicant determines
are contributing a substantial pollutant
loading to the municipal storm sewer
system. The program shall:
(1) Identify priorities and procedures
for inspections and establishing and
implementing control measures for such
discharges;
(2\ Describe a monitoring program, for
storm water discharges associated with
the industrial facilities identified in
paragraph (d)(2)(iv](C] of this section, to
be implemented during the term of the
permit, including the submission of
quantitative data on the following
constituents: any pollutants limited in
efflnent guidelines subcategories, where
applicable; any pollutant listed in an
existing NPDES permit for a facility: oil
and grease, COD. pH, BODs, TSS, total
phosphorus, total Kjefdahl nitrogen,
nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen, and any
information on discharges required
under 40 CFR 122.21(g)f7) (iff) and (rvj.
(D) A description of a program to
implement and maintain structural and
non-structural best management
practices to reduce pollutants in storm
water runoff from construction sites to
the municipal storm sewer system.
which shall include:
(1) A description of procedures for site
planning which incorporate
consideration of potential water quality
impacts;
(2] A description of requirements for
nonstructural and structural best
management practices;
(3) A description of procedure* for
identifying priorities for inspecting sites
and enforcing control measures which
consider the nature of the construction
activity, topography, and the
characteristics o/ soil* and receiving
water quality; and
{4} A description of appropriate-
educational and training measures for
construction site operators.
(v) Assessment of controls. Estimated
reductions in loadings of pollutants from
discharges of municipal storm sewer
constituents from municipal storm sewer
systems expected as the result of the
municipal storm water qualify
management program. The assessment
shall also identify known impacts of
storm water controls on ground water.
(vi) Fiscal analysis. For each fiscal
year to be covered by the permit, a
fiscal analysis of the necessary capital
and operation and maintenance
expenditures necessary to accomplish
the activities of the programs undier
paragraphs (d)(2) (iii) and |iv) of this
section. Such analysis shall include s
description of the source of funds that
are proposed to meet the necessary
expenditures, including legal restrictions
on the use of such funds.
(vh) Where more than one legal entity
submits an application, the application
shall contain a description of- the roles
and responsibilities of eaeh legal entity
and procedures to ensure effective
coordination.
(viii) Where requirements under
paragraph (dXlK»v)(E> (djtftfii),
(d]f2)(iii)fB} and (d)f2Xiv) of this section
are not practicable or are not applicable,
the Director may exclude any operator
of a discharge from a municipal separate
storm sewer which is designated under
paragraph (aHlX*). OM*Mn} °* *bK7KH>
of this section from such requirements.
The Director shall not exdude the
operator of a discharge from a municipal
separate storm sewer identified in
appendix F, G, H or I of part 122, from
any of the permit application
requirements wider this paragraph
except where authorized under this
section.
(ej Application deadlines. Any
operator of a point source required to
obtain a permit under paragraph (a)(l)
of this section that does not have an
effective NPDES permit covering its
storm water outfalls, shall submit an
application in accordance with the
following deadlines:
jl) For any storm water discharge
associated with industrial activity
identified in paragraph (b){l4) OH*'I of
this section, that i* not part of a group
application as described in paragrjph
(cR2) of this section or which is noi
covered under a promulgated storm
water general permit a permit
application made pursuant to pard«r<*ph
(c) of this section shall be submitt^ -o
the Director by November IB. iwi
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40072
Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 222 / Friday, November 16. 1990 / Rules and Regulations
\2] For any group application
submitted in accordance with paragraph
(c)(2| of this section:
(>) Part 1 of the application shall be
submitted to the Director, Office of
Water Enforcement and Permits by
March 18. 1991;
(n) Ddsed on information in the part 1
application, the Director will approve or
deny the members in the group
application within 60 days after
receiving part 1 of the group application.
(in) Part 2 of the application shall be
submitted to the Director, Office of
Water Enforcement and Permits no later
than 12 months after the date of
approval of the part 1 application.
(iv) Facilities that are rejected as
members of a group by the permitting
authority shall have 12 months to file an
individual permit application from the
date they receive notification of their
rejection.
(v) A facility listed under paragraph
(b)(14) (i)-(xi) of this section may add on
to a group application submitted in
accordance with paragraph (e)(2)(i) of
this section at the discretion of the
Office of Water Enforcement and
Permits, and only upon a showing of
good cause by the facility and the group
applicant; the request for the addition of
the facility shall be made no later than
February 18.1992; the addition of the
facility shall not cause the percentage of
the facilities that are required to submit
quantitative data to be less than 10%,
unless there are over 100 facilities in the
group that are submitting quantitative
data; approval to become part of group
application must be obtained from the
group or the trade association
representing the individual facilities.
(3) For any discharge from a large
municipal separate storm sewer system;
(i) Part 1 of the application shall be
submitted to the Director by November
18,1991;
(ii) Based on information received in
the part 1 application the Director will
approve or deny a sampling plan under
paragraph (d)(l)(iv)(E) of this section
within 90 days after receiving the part 1
application;
(iii) Part 2 of the application shall be
submitted to the Director by November
16,1992.
(4) For any discharge from a medium
municipal separate storm sewer system;
(i) Part 1 of the application shall be
submitted to the Director by May 18,
1992.
(ii) Based on information received in
the part 1 application the Director will
approve or deny a sampling plan under
paragraph (d)(l)(iv)(E) of this section
within 90 days after receiving the part 1
application.
(Hi) Part 2 of the application shall be
submitted to the Director by May 17,
1993.
(5) A permit application shall be
submitted to the Director within 60 days
of notice, unless permission for a later
date is granted by the Director (see 40
CFR 124.52(c)), for:
(i) A storm water discharge which the
Director, or in States with approved
NPDES programs, either the Director or
the EPA Regional Administrator,
determines that the discharge
contributes to a violation of a water
quality standard or is a significant
contributor of pollutants to waters of the
United States (see paragraph (a)(l)(v) of
this section);
(ii) A storm water discharge subject to
paragraph (c)(l){v) of this section.
(6) Facilities with existing NPDES
permits for storm water discharges
associated with industrial activity shall
maintain existing permits. New
applications shall be submitted in
accordance with the requirements of 40
CFR 122.21 and 40 CFR 122.26(c) 180
days before the expiration of such
permits. Facilities with expired permits
or permits due to expire before May 18,
1992, shall submit applications in
accordance with the deadline set forth
under paragraph (e)(l) of this section.
(f) Petitions. (1) Any operator of a
municipal separate storm sewer system
may petition the Director to require a
separate NPDES permit (or a permit
issued under an approved NPDES State
program) for any discharge into the
municipal separate storm sewer system.
(2) Any person may petition the
Director to require a NPDES perm-i* for a
discharge which is composed entirely of
storm water which contributes to a
violation of a water quality standard or
is a significant contributor of pollutants
to waters of the United States.
(3) The owner or operator of a
municipal separate storm sewer system
may petition the Director to reduce the
Census estimates of the population
served by such separate system to
account for storm water discharged to
combined sewers as defined by 40 CFR
35.2005(b)(ll) that is treated in a
publicly owned treatment works. In
municipalities in which combined
sewers are operated, the Census
estimates of population may be reduced
proportional to the fraction, based on
estimated lengths, of the length of
combined sewers over the sum of the
length of combined sewers anri
municipal separate storm sewers where
an applicant has submitted the NPDES
permit number associated with each
discharge point and a map indicating
areas served by combined sewers and
the location of any combined sewer
overflow discharge point.
(4) Any person may petition the
Director for the designation of a large or
medium municipal separate storm sewer
system as defined by paragraphs
(b)(4)(iv) or (b)(7)(iv) of this section.
(5) The Director shall make a final
determination on any petition received
under this section within 90 days after
receiving the petition.
6. Section 122.28(b)(2)(i) is revised to
read as follows:
§ 122.28 General permit* (applicable to
State NPDES programs, see § 123.25).
*****
(b) * * *
(2) Requiring an individual permit, (i)
The Director may require any discharger
authorized by a general permit to apply
for and obtain an individual NPDES
permit. Any interested person may
petition the Director to take action
under this paragraph. Cases where an
individual NPDES permit may be
required include the following:
(A) The discharger or "treatment
works treating domestic sewage" is not
in compliance with the conditions of the
general NPDES permit;
(B) A change has occurred in the
availability of demonstrated technology
or practices for the control or abatemer.i
of pollutants applicable to the point
source or treatment works treating
domestic sewage;
(C) Effluent limitation guidelines are
promulgated for point sources covered
by the general NPDES permit:
(D) A Water Quality Management
plan containing requirements applicable
to such point sources is approved;
(E) Circumstances have changed since
the time of the request to be covered so
that the discharger is ne longer
appropriately controlled under the
general permit, or either a temporary or
permanent reduction or elimination of
the authorized discharge is necessary,
(F) Standards for sewage sludge use
or disposal have been promulgated for
the sludge use and disposal practice
covered by the general NPDES permit.
or
(G) The discharge(s) is a significant
contributor of pollutants. In making this
determination, the Director maj
consider the following factors:
(1) The location of the discharge with
respect to waters of the United States.
(2) The size of the discharge;
(3) The quantity and nature of the
pollutants discharged to waters of the
United States; and
(4) Other relevant factors;
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Federal Register / Vol. 55. No. 222 / Friday. November 16. 1990 / Rules and Regulations
4fl073
7. Section 122.42 is amended by
adding paragraph (c) to read as follows:
§ 122.42 Additional conditions applicable
to specified categories of NPOES permits
(applicable to State NPOES programs, see
5 123.25).
(c) Muiuc:pal srpara'e storm se:\er
systems. The operator of a large or
medium municipal separate storm sewer
system or a municipal separate storm
sewer that has been designated by the
Director under § 122.26(a)(l)(v) of this
part must submit an annual report by
the anniversary of the date of the
issuance of the permit for such system.
The report shall include:
(1) The status of implementing the
components of the storm water
management program that are
established as permit conditions:
(2) Proposed changes to the storm
water management programs that are
established as permit condition. Such
proposed changes shall be consistent
with § 122.26(d)(2)(iii) of this part: and
(3) Revisions, if necessary, to the
assessment of controls and the fiscal
analysis reported in the permit
application under § 122.26(d)(2)(iv) and
(d)(2)(v) of this part;
(4) A summary of data, including
monitoring data, that is accumulated
throughout the reporting year:
(5) Annual expenditures and budget
far year following each annual report;
(6) A summary describing the number
and nature of enforcement actions,
inspections, and public education
programs:
(7) Identification of water quality
improvements or degradation:
7a. Part 122 is amended by adding
appendices E through I as follows:
Appendix E to Part 122Rainfall Zones of the United States
Not Shown: Alaska (Zone 7); Hawaii (Zone
7). Northern Mariana Islands (Zone 7\, Guam
(Zone 7); American Samoa (Zone 7); Trust
Territory of the Pacific Islands (Zone 7);
Puerto Rico (Zone 3} Virgin Islands (Zone 3).
Source: Methodology for Analysis of
Detention Basins for Control of Urban Runoff
Quality, prepared for U S. Environmental
Protection Agency. Office of Water, Nonpomt
Source Division. Washington. DC. 1988.
Appendix F to Part 122Incorporated
Places With Populations Greater Than
250.000 According to Latest Decennial
Census by Bureau of Census.
State
Incorporated
State
Incorporated place
Alabama . ,
Arizona ...
California
i
. i Birmingham.
. ' Phoenix.
Tucson.
' Long Beach.
Los Angeles.
Oakland.
! Sacramento.
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Colorado j Denver
District ol Columbia
Florida I Jacksonville
I Miami
[ Tampa
Georgia | Atlanta
Illinois j Chicago
Indiana ! Indianapo"*
Kansas..- i Wichita
Kentucky j Louisville
Louisiana i New Oriear*
Maryland i Baltimore
Massachusetts Boston
Michigan .. ; Delroit
Minnesota .. Minneapou*
S! Paul
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48074 Federal Register / Vol. 55. No. 222 / Friday. November 16. 199u / Rules and Regulations
Stale
MrssotX
Nebraska -
New Jersey . . ..
New Mexico
Ne* York
Norm Carolina
Ohio ..
Pennsylvania
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia .. . ._ _._.
Washington
Wiscons.n .
Incorporated place
Kansas C*y
St tows.
Omaha.
Newark
Albuquerque
Buffalo.
Brow Borough.
Brooklyn Borough
Manhattan Borough
Queens Borough.
Staten Island Borough.
Chanone.
Cmonnafc.
Cleveland.
Columbus.
Toledo.
Oklahoma City
Tulsa.
Poraand.
Philadelphia.
Pittsburgh.
Memphis.
Nashvrile/Davdson
Austin.
Dallas.
BPaso.
Fort Worm
Houston.
San Antonio
Norfolk.
Virgmia Beach
Seattle.
Milwaukee
Appendix G to Part 122 Incorporated
Places With Populations Greater Than
100,000 and Less Than 250,000 According
to Latest Decennial Census by Bureau of
Census
State
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Fto.-da
Incorporated place
HuntsvWe.
Mobile.
Montgomery
Anchorage
Mesa.
Tempe
UttleRock
Anaheim.
Bakersfieid
Berkeley
Concord
Fremont
Fresno.
FuUerton.
Garden Grove.
Glendale.
Huntmgton Beach
Modesto.
Oxnard.
Pasadena.
River strJe
San Bemadino
Santa Ana
Stockton.
Sunnyvale
Torrance
Aurora
Colorado Scores
Lakewood
Pueblo.
Bridgeport
Hartford.
New Haven.
Stamford.
Walerbury.
Fort Lauderdaie
State
Georgia
Idaho
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky _
Louisiana
Mississippi _
Missouri
Nebraska
Nevada .. _
New Jersey
N9w York
Moth Carolina
Ohio
Oregon .
Pennsylvania
Rhode island . ...
South Carolina .
Texas
Utah . . .
Virginia !
!
i
Washington
Wisconsin.
Incorporated place
Hiateah
Hollywood.
Orlando.
St Petersburg
Columbus
Macon.
Savannah
Boise Oy
Peona
Rockford.
EvanSMde.
Fort Wayne
Gary
South Bend.
Cedar Rapids
Davenport
Des Moines
Kansas City
Topeka.
Lexmgton-Fayene
Baton Rouge
Shreveport
SpnngfiBkJ
Worcester
Ann Arbor.
Flint.
Grand Rapids
Lansing
Livonia.
Sterling Heights
Warren.
Jackson.
Independence
Springfield
Lincoln.
Las Vegas
Reno.
Elizabeth
Jersey City
Paterson
Albany
Rochester
Syracuse.
Yonkeis.
Durham.
Greensboro
Raieigh.
Winston- Salprn
Akron
Dayton.
Youngstown
Eugene
Allentown
Erie
Providence
Columbia.
Chattanooga
Knoxwlle.
Amanllo
Arlington
Beaumont.
Corpus ChnsJi
Garland
Irving.
Lubbock.
Pasadena
Waco
Salt Lake City
Alexandria
Chesapeake
Hampton
Newport News
Portsmouth
Richmond
Roanoke
SpoVane
Tacoma.
Mad son
Appendix H to Part 122 Counties with
Unincorporated Urbanized Areas With a
Population of 230,000 or More According
to the Latest Decennial Census by the
Bureau of Census
Sta-a
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Maryland
Texas
Utah
Virginia
County
Los Angeles
Sacramento
San Dtego
New Castle ....
Oade
DeKafc
Honolulu
Anne Arundei .
Baltimore .. .
Montgomery . .
Pnnce George's .
Hams .. ..
Salt Lake
Fairfax
Washington King
Umncorporal
ed urbanized
population
912.664
449,056
304.758
257.1 S4
761.9*9
386.379
688.178
271.4S3
601. 30B
447.993
450.138
409.6(11
304.6i2
527.179
336.8C'0
Appendix I to Part 122 Counties With
Unincorporated Urbanized Areas
Greater Than 100,000, But Less Than
250,000 According to the Latest
Decennial Census by the Bureau of
Census
State
Arizona J
California
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
North Carolina ...
Nevada ..
Oregon
South Carolina
Virginia
Washington
County
Jetterson
Pima
AJameda
Contra Costa .. ..
Kern
Riverside
San Bernardino ..
Broward .
Escamb'a
HiUsborough.. . .
Orange
Palm Beacn
Pinelias
Polk
Sarasota
Clayton
Cobb
Rich-nond .
Jefferson
Jefferson .
Cumbertanc
Clark
Muttnomah
Washington
Greenville
RicrHarid
Arlington
Chesterfield
Snohomtsh
Pierce
Unincorporat-
ed urbanized
population
102.917
111.479
187.474
158.452
117.231
210.693
115.719
148.644
159.370
147.692
238.292
245.325
167.089
194.389
104 150
110.009
100.742
204.121
118.529
224.958
140.836
142.727
20'. 775
141.100
109.348
135.398
124.684
152. S99
161.204
108.348
103.413
1 <<6. 1 f 3
PART 123 STATE PROGRAM
REQUIREMENTS
8. The authority citation for part 123
eontinues to read as follows:
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Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 222 / Friday. November 16. 1990 / Rules and Regulations 48075
Authority: Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C
et seq.
9. Section 123.25 is amended by
revising paragraph (a)(9) to read as
follows:
§ 123.25 Requirements for permitting.
|a) ' '
(9) § 122.26(Storm water
discharges):
PART 124PROCEDURES FOR
OECISIONMAKING
10. The authority citation for part 124
continues to read as follows:
Authority: Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act. 42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.; Safe
Drinking Water Act. 42 U.S.C. 300f et seq.:
Clean Water Act. 33 U.S.C. 1251 etseq.; and
Clean Air Act. 42 U.S.C. 1857 et seq.
11. Section 124.52 is revised to read as
follows:
§ 124.52 Permits required on a case-by-
case basis.
(a) Various sections of part 122,
subparl B allow the Director to
determine, on a case-by-case basis, that
certain concentrated animal feeding
operations (5 122.23). concentrated
aquatic animal production facilities
(§ 122.24), storm water discharges
(§ 122.26), and certain other facilities
covered by general permits (§ 122.28)
that do not generally require an
individual permit may be required to
obtain an individual permit because of
their contributions to water pollution.
{b) Whenever the Regional
Administrator decides that an individual
permit is required under this section,
except as provided in paragraph (cj of
this section, the Regional Administrator
shall notify the discharger in writing of
that decision and the reasons for it. and
shall send an application form with the
notice. The discharger must apply for a
permit under § 122.21 within 60 days of
notice, unless permission for a later date
is granted by the Regional
Administrator. The question whether the
designation was proper will remain
open for consideration during the public
comment period under § 124.11 or
§ 124.118 and in any subsequent hearing.
(c) Prior to a case-by-case
determination lhat an individual permit
is required for a storm water discharge
under this section (see 40 CFR 122.26
(a)(l)(v) and (c)(l)(v)), the Regional
Administrator may require the
discharger to submit a permit
application or other information
regarding the discharge under section
308 of the CWA. In requiring such
information, the Regional Administrator
shall notify the discharger in writing and
shall send an application form with the
notice. The discharger must apply for a
permit under J 122.26 within 60 days of
notice, unless permission for a later date
is granted by the Regional
Administrator. The question whether the
initial designation was proper wilt
remain open for consideration during
the public comment period under
§ 124.11 or § 124.118 and in any
subsequent hearing.
Note: The following form will not appear tn
the Code of Federal Regulations.
BILLING CODE tStt-50-M
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APPENDIX C
DEFINITIONS OF FREQUENTLY USED TERMS IN THE REGULATIONS
AND IN STORM WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
The following are definitions of. terms found in the NPDES storm water regulations (40 CFR) and terms
commonly used in relation to storm water discharge.
Act
Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.). including amendments resulting from the Water Quality Act of 1987.
Administrator
Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or an authorized representative.
Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Applicable Standards and Limitations
All State, interstate, and Federal standards and limitations to which a "discharged "sewagesludge use or disposal
practice," or a related activity is subject under the Clean Water Act (CWA), including "effluentlimitations,"water
quality standards,standardsof performance, toxic effluent standardsorprohibitions/'bestmanagement practices,"
pretreatment standards, and "standardsfor sewage sludge use or disposal" under sections 301,302,303,304,306,
307,308,403 and 405 of CWA.
Application
EPA standard national forms for applying for a permit, including any additions, revisions, or modifications to
the forms; or forms approved by EPA for use in "approved States" including any approved modifications or
revisions.
BAT
Best Available Technology Economically Achievable (Treatment Standard for Toxic and Nonconventional
Pollutants).
BCT
Best Conventional Pollution Control Technology (Treatment Standard for Conventional Pollutants).
Best Management Practices (BMPs)
Schedules of activities, prohibitions of practices, maintenance procedures, and other management practices to
prevent or reduce the pollution of "waters of the United States." BMPs also include treatment requirements,
operating procedures, and practices to control plant site runoff, spillage or leaks, sludge or waste disposal, or
drainage from raw material storage.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
The amount of oxygen required by bacteria while stabilizing decomposable organic matter under aerobic
conditions. A BOD test is widely used to determine the pollutional strength of wastewater (i.e., how much
oxygen will be required for the pollutants to be broken down).
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
The measurement of the total quantity of oxygen required to oxidize organic pollutants to carbon dioxide in
water.
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City
Those places that have been incorporated as cities, boroughs, towns, and villages under the laws of their
respective State with the following exceptions: the towns in the New England States, New York, and Wisconsin,
and the boroughs of Alaska and New York.
CMP
Corrugated Metal Pipe.
Coastal Zone Management
A program administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of
Commerce, to manage and protect the natural resources of coastal states. Participating states must prepare and
adopt a management plan (see Coastal Zone Management Act, 16 U.S.C. 1451 et seq.X
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
A compilation of all Federal regulations implementing the various Federal acts.
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) (42 U.S.C. 9601 et seq.)
Also known as Superfund. Amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA).
Co-permittee
A permittee to a NPDES permit that is only responsible for permit conditions relating to the discharge for which
it is operator.
County
Counties and county equivalents are the primary divisions of States. In Louisiana, these divisions are known as
parishes. In Alaska, the county equivalents are the organized boroughs together with the census areas that were
developed for general statistical purposes by the State of Alaska and the Census Bureau. Four States-Maryland,
Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia-have one or more incorporated places that are legally independent of any county
and thus constitute primary divisions of their States. Similarly, the portion of Yellowstone National Park in
Montana is treated as a county equivalent. The District of Columbia has no primary divisions; the entire area
is considered equivalent to a county for census purposes. The 133 areas classified as county equivalents for the
1980 census include 11 organized boroughs and 12 census areas in Alaska; the District of Columbia; 64 parishes
in Louisiana; Baltimore City, Maryland; St. Louis City, Missouri; the part of Yellowstone National Park in
Montana; Carson City, Nevada; and 41 independent cities in Virginia.
Director
The EPA Regional Administrator or the State Director, as the context requires, or an authorized representative.
(When there is an approved State program, "Director" normally refers to the State Director.)
Effluent Limitation
Any restriction imposed by the Director on quantities, discharge rates, and concentrations of "pollutants" which
are "discharged" from "point sources" into "waters of the United States." the waters of the "contiguous zone," or
the ocean.
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency.
Effluent Limitations Guidelines
A regulation published by the Administrator under section 304(b) of CWA to adopt or revise "effluent
limitations."
Federal Register
A daily publication of the U.S. Government that provides a uniform system for making available to the public
regulations and legal notices issued by Federal Agencies.
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FIFRA
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136 et seq.).
HSWA
Hazardous and Solid Waste Act of 1984 (P.L. 98-616).
Illicit Discharge
Any discharge to a municipal separate storm sewer that is not composed entirely of storm water, except
discharges pursuant to a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit.
Incorporated Place
A city, town, or village that is incorporated under the laws of the state or territory in which it is located including
the District of Columbia.
Large and Medium Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System
Large and medium municipal separate storm sewer system means all municipal separate storm sewers that are
either:
(i) located in an incorporated place with a population of over 100,000 or more as determined by the
latest Bureau of Census estimates; or
(ii) are located in the counties listed in Table 4-1 of this guidance, except municipal separate storm
sewer systems that are located in the incorporated places, townships or towns within such
counties; or
(iii) are owned or operated by a municipality other than those described in paragraph (i) or (ii) that
are designated by the Director as part of the large or medium municipal separate storm sewer
system due to the interrelationship between the discharges of the designated storm sewer and
the discharges from municipal separate storm sewers described under paragraphs (i) or (ii). In
making this determination the Director may consider the following factors:
(A) physical interconnections between the municipal separate storm sewers;
(B) the location of discharges from the designated municipal separate storm sewer relative to
discharges from municipal separate storm sewers described in subparagraph (i);
(C) the quantity and nature of pollutants discharged to waters of the United States;
(D) the nature of the receiving waters; or
(E) other relevant factors; or
(iv) in lieu of defining a large system as described in paragraphs (i), (ii), or (iii), the Director may
designate as a system, a storm water management regional authority based on a jurisdictional,
watershed, or other appropriate basis that includes one or more of the systems described in
paragraphs (i), (ii), (iii). The regional authority shall be responsible for submitting a permit
application under the following guidelines:
(A) the designated regional authority shall have authority over a storm water management
program that is in existence, or shall be in existence at the time Part 1 of the application
is due;
(B) the permit applicant or co-applicants shall establish their ability to make a timely
submission of Part 1 and 2 of the municipal application;
(C) each of the systems described in paragraphs (i, (ii), and (iii), that are under the purview
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of the designated regional authority, shall comply with the application requirements of
section 122.26(d).
Limited Co-Permittee
A permittee to a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit that is only responsible for
permit conditions relating to the discharge for which it is owner or operator.
Major Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Outfall
Municipal separate storm sewer outfall that discharges from a circular pipe with a diameter of more than 36
inches or its equivalent. Equivalency may be based on a drainage area of 50 or more acres associated with a
discharge from other than a circular pipe .or the trapezoidal, rectangular, and triangular equivalent size open
channels as shown in Figure 4-1. For municipal separate storm sewers that receive storm water from lands zoned
for industrial activity (based on comprehensive zoning plans or the equivalent), an outfall that discharges from
a pipe with a diameter of greater than 12 inches or its equivalent is a major outfall. Equivalency may be based
on drainage area of 2 or more acres .01 trapezoidal, rectangular, and triangular equivalent size open channel, as
shown in Figure 4-1.
MBAS
Methylene blue active substances.
Medium Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System
See "Large and Medium Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System".
MEP
Maximum extent practicable (treatment standards for municipal separate storm sewer point sources).
Municipal Separate Storm Sewer
Conveyance or system of conveyances (including public conveyances and public roads with drainage systems) that
is owned or operated by a city, town, borough, county, parish, district, association, or other public body created
by or pursuant to State law and having jurisdiction over disposal of sewage, industrial wastes, or other wastes,
or an Indian tribe or an authorized Indian tribal organization, or a designated and approved management agency
under Section 208 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) that discharges to waters of the United States and that is
designed solely for collecting or conveying storm water that is not part of a publicly owned treatment works
(POTW) as defined by 40 CFR 122.2.
Municipality
A primarily urban political unit having corporate status and usually powers of self-government.
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
The national program for controlling discharges from point source discharges directly into waters of the U.S.
under the Clean Water Act.
National Urban Runoff Program (NURP)
A research and development/pilot program conducted between 1978 and 1983 by approximately 28 communities
that characterized the composition of urban runoff and potential solutions and control techniques.
NRC
National Response Center (800) 424-8802
Outfall
A "point source" as defined by 40 CFR 122.2 at the point where a municipal separate storm sewer discharges to
waters of the United States and does not include any open conveyances connecting two municipal separate storm
sewers, or pipes, tunnels, or other conveyances which are in the middle of a stream or other waters of the United
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States and are used to convey waters of the United States.
OWEP
Office of Water Enforcement and Permits, EPA Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
Operator
The operator of any facility or activity subject to regulation under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) program.
pH
The negative log of a hydrogen ion concentration, commonly used parameter to measure acidity.
Point Source
Any discernible, confined and discrete conveyance, including but not limited to any pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel,
conduit, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling stock, concentrated animal feeding operation, landfill leachate
collection system, vessel or other floating craft from which pollutants are or may be discharged. This term does
not include return flows from irrigated agricultural storm water runoff.
Process Wastewater
Any water which, during manufacturing or processing, comes into direct contact with or results from the
production or use of any raw material, intermediate product, finished product, byproduct, or waste product.
Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW)
Any device or system used in the treatment (including recycling and reclamation) of municipal sewage or
industrial wastes of a liquid nature which is owned by a "State" or "municipality." This definition includes sewers,
pipes, or other conveyances only if they convey wastewater to a POTW providing treatment.
RCRA
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.V
Runoff Coefficient
The fraction of total rainfall that will appear at a conveyance as runoff.
SCS
Soil Conservation Service.
Significant Materials
Includes, but is not limited to: raw materials; fuels; materials such as solvents, detergents, and plastic pellets;
finished materials such as metallic products; raw materials used in food processing or production; hazardous
substances designated under section 101[14] of CERCLA; any chemical the facility is required to report pursuant
to section 313 of title III of SARA; fertilizers; pesticides; and waste products such as ashes, slag and sludge that
have the potential to be released with storm water discharges.
SPCC
Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure plan under section 311 of the Clean Water Act.
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)
A method used by the Office of Management and Budget to classify industries according to type and method of
production. Each industry is assigned a 4-digit code. The major industrial categories are indicated by the first
two digits. Table 4-2, of this guidance provides a list of codes.
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Storm Water
Storm water runoff, snow melt runoff, and surface runoff and drainage.
Storm Water Discharge Associated with Industrial Activity
The discharge from any conveyance which is used for collecting and conveying storm water and which is directly
related to manufacturing, processing or raw materials storage areas at an industrial plant. The term does not
include discharges from facilities or activities excluded from the NPDES program under 40 CFR Part 122. For
the categories of industries identified in subparagraphs (i) through (x) of this subsection, the term includes, but
is not limited to, storm water discharges from industrial plant yards; immediate access roads and rail lines used
or traveled by carriers of raw materials, manufactured products, waste material, or by-products used or created
by the facility; material handling sites; refuse sites; sites used for the application or disposal of process waste
waters (as defined at 40 CFR 401); sites used for the storage and maintenance of material handling equipment;
sites used for residual treatment, storage, or disposal; shipping and receiving areas; manufacturing buildings;
storage areas (including tank farms) for raw materials, and intermediate and finished products; and areas where
industrial activity has taken place in the past and significant materials remain and are exposed to storm water.
For the categories of industries identified in subparagraph (xi), the term includes only storm water discharges
from all the areas (except access roads and rail lines) that are listed in the previous sentence where material
handling equipment or activities, raw materials, intermediate products, final products, waste materials, by-
products, or industrial machinery are exposed to storm water. For the purposes of this paragraph, material
handling activities include the: storage, loading and unloading, transportation, or conveyance of any raw material,
intermediate product, finished product, by-product or waste product. The term excludes areas located on plant
lands separate from the plant's industrial activities, such as office buildings and accompanying parking lots as long
as the drainage from the excluded areas is not mixed with storm water drained from the above described areas.
Industrial facilities (including industrial facilities that are Federally, State, or municipally owned or operated that
meet the description of the facilities listed in this paragraph (i)-(xi)) include those facilities designated under the
provisions of 122.26(a)(l)(v). The following categories of facilities are considered to be engaging in "industrial
activity" for purposes of this subsection:
(i) Facilities subject to storm water effluent limitations guidelines, new source performance standards, or
toxic pollutant effluent standards under 40 CFR Subchapter N (except facilities with toxic pollutant effluent
standards which are exempted under category (xi) of this paragraph);
(ii) Facilities classified as Standard Industrial Classifications 24 (except 2434), 26 (except 265 and 267), 28
(except 283) 29, 311, 32 (except 323), 33, 3441, 373;
(iii) Facilities classified as Standard Industrial Classifications 10 through 14 (mineral industry) including
active or inactive mining operations (except for areas of coal mining operations no longer meeting the definition
of a reclamation area under 40 CFR 434.11(1) because the performance bond issued to the facility by the
appropriate SMCRA authority has been released, or except for areas of non-coal mining operations which have
been released from applicable State or Federal reclamation requirements after December 17,1990) and oil and
gas exploration, production, processing, or treatment operations, or transmission facilities that discharge storm
water contaminated by contact with or that has come into contact with, any overburden, raw material,
intermediate products, finished products, byproducts or waste products located on the site of such operations;
(inactive mining operations are mining sites that are not being actively mined, but which have an identifiable
owner/operator; inactive mining sites do not include sites where mining claims are being maintained prior to
disturbances associated with the extraction, beneficiation, or processing of mined materials, nor sites where
minimal activities are undertaken for the sole purpose of maintaining a mining claim);
(iv) Hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facilities, including those that are operating under
interim status or a permit under Subtitle C of RCRA;
(v) Landfills, land application sites, and open dumps that receive or have received any industrial wastes
(waste that is received from any of the facilities described under this subsection) including those that are subject
to regulation under Subtitle D of RCRA;
(vi) Facilities involved in the recycling of materials, including metal scrapyards, battery reclaimers, salvage
yards, and automobile junkyards, including but limited to those classified as Standard Industrial Classification
5015 and 5093;
(vii) Steam electric power generating facilities, including coal handling sites;
(viii) Transportation facilities classified as Standard Industrial Classifications 40, 41, 42 (except 4221-25),
43, 44, 45, and 5171 which have vehicle maintenance shops, equipment cleaning operations, or airport deicing
operations. Only those portions of the facility that are either involved in vehicle maintenance (including vehicle
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rehabilitation, mechanical repairs, painting, fueling, and lubrication), equipment cleaning operations, airport
deicing operations, or which are otherwise identified under paragraphs (i)-(vii) or (ix)-(xi) of this subsection are
associated with industrial activity;
(ix) Treatment works treating domestic sewage or any other sewage sludge or wastewater treatment device
or system, used in the storage treatment, recycling, and reclamation of municipal or domestic sewage, including
land dedicated to the disposal of sewage sludge that are located within the confines of the facility, with a design
flow of 1.0 mgd or more, or required to have an approved pretreatment program under 40 CFR 403. Not
included are farm lands, domestic gardens or lands used for sludge management where sludge is beneficially
reused and which are not physically located in the confines of the facility, or areas that are in compliance with
Section 405 of the CWA;
(x) Construction activity including clearing, grading and excavation activities except: operations that result
in the disturbance of less than five acres of total land area which are not part of a larger common plan of
development or sale;
(xi) Facilities under Standard Industrial Classifications 20, 21, 22, 23, 2434, 25, 265, 267, 27, 283, 285, 30,
31 (except 311), 323, 34 (except 3441), 35, 36, 37 (except 373), 38, 39, 4221-25, (and which are not otherwise
included within categories (ii)-(x))
TOC
Total organic carbon.
TSS
Total suspended solids.
uses
United States Geological Survey.
Waters of the United States or waters of the U.S.
(a) All waters which are currently used, were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use in interstate or
foreign commerce, including all waters which are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide;
(b) All interstate waters, including interstate "wetlands;"
(c) All other waters such as intrastate lakes, rivers, streams (including intermittent streams), mudflats, sandflats,
"wetlands," sloughs, prairie potholes, wet meadows, playa lakes, or natural ponds the use, degradation, or
destruction of which would affect interstate or foreign commerce, including any such waters:
(1) Which are or could be used by interstate or foreign travelers for recreational or other purposes;
(2) From which fish or shellfish are or could be taken and sold in interstate or foreign commerce; or
(3) Which are used or could be used for industrial purposes by industries in interstate commerce;
(d) All impoundments of waters otherwise defined as waters of the United States under this definition;
(e) Tributaries of waters identified in paragraphs (a) through (f) of this definition;
(f) The territorial sea; and
(g) "Wetlands" adjacent to waters (other than waters that are themselves wetlands) identified in paragraphs (a)
through (f) of this definition.
Waste treatment systems, including treatment ponds or lagoons designed to meet the requirements of the Clean
Water Act (other than cooling ponds as defined in 40 CFR 423.11(m) which also meet the criteria of this
definition) are not waters of the United States.
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APPENDIX D
SAMPLE CHARACTERIZATION PLAN
D
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CHARACTERIZATION PLAN
Submitted as Part of Part 1 of NPDES
Stormwater Permit Application for the
City of
January, 1991
D-l
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
1.0 REPRESENTATIVE STORMWATER SAMPLING PROGRAM 4
1.1 Program Objectives 5
1.2 Sampling Locations 5
1.2.1 Selection Criteria 5
1.2.2 Selected Stations 6
1.3 Sampling Period and Frequency 7
1.4 Sampling Parameters 8
1.5 Sampling Methods 8
1.6 Sample Handling Procedures 10
2.0 ANALYTICAL METHODS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY
CONTROL 12
2.1 Analytical Methods 12
2.2 Quality Assurance/Quality Control 12
2.2.1 Objectives 12
2.2.2 Sampling Quality Control 12
2.2.3 Analytical Quality Control 13
3.0 DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION AND REPORTING 15
3.1 Quality Assurance Evaluation 15
3.2 Data Reporting 16
4.0 REFERENCE 17
ATTACHMENT A. Station Design For Automatic Sampler 18
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LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Table 1. PARAMETERS FOR REPRESENTATIVE STORMWATER
SAMPLING 8
Figure 1. SAMPLE CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY RECORD 11
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1.0
REPRESENTATIVE STORMWATER SAMPLING PROGRAM
1.1 PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The Representative Storm water Monitoring Program is intended to satisfy the
requirements of Part 2 of the municipal storm water permit application. This
Characterization Plan was written to satisfy the requirements of Part 1 of the
application.
1.2 SAMPLING LOCATIONS
1.2.1 Selection Criteria
Criteria used to select specific monitoring sites were hydraulic factors, accessibility and
safety. Hydraulic factors are an important consideration in the selection of sampling
stations. For open-channel stations, it is necessary that each be located at a site with an
existing stage-discharge rating or at a site where adequate stage-discharge ratings can be
established. Similarly, it is essential that manhole stations have suitable hydraulic
characteristics for installation (and calibration) of the weirs or flumes. Thus, the
following hydraulic factors are important considerations in the site selection process:
Location at a site with an existing stage-discharge rating or at a site
having a suitable control where a reliable rating curve can be developed.
Uniform and stable channel conditions for a distance equal to at least six
channel widths upstream of the station.
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Lack of tidal influence or backwater effects caused by downstream
conditions.
No evidence of surcharging or submergence over the normal range of
precipitation (manhole installations).
Adequate distance from major tributaries in order to allow for complete
mixing.
Safety and accessibility are important considerations, primarily to avoid accidents and
injury, but also to ensure that field crews feel sufficiently safe so that they exercise due
care in conducting the field effort. Considerations include avoiding heavily trafficked
areas or areas where light and/or visibility create conditions conducive to an accident
with passing cars or trucks.
1.2.2 Selected Stations
City X's land use is composed of approximately 60% developed land and 40%
undeveloped. Of the developed land approximately 40% is residential, 10% commercial,
20% industrial and 30% public facilities, road and streets. Three stations were chosen
for representative sampling (the regulations require five to ten stations), one
representing residential land use, one representing commercial land use, and one
representing light industrial land use. Areas and land uses attributed to the watersheds
associated with these outfalls are approximate.
Station Rl is representative of light industrial land use in City X. The station is located
in a manhole approximately 400 feet upstream of the discharge on the south side of
American Avenue. The discharge drains the Crocker (North) Industrial Park, an area of
approximately 75 acres containing a small amount of retail commercial area, wholesale
commercial areas, and relatively recently developed light industry. The industries are
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primarily light manufacturing, warehousing and distribution, and offices. A large
percentage of the area is comprised of parking lots. This is typical of the industry in
CityX.
Station R2 drains a 100 acre indoor shopping mall, one of the major commercial areas
of City X. This watershed also contains a small amount of residential area in the
northwest corner. Total area drained by R2 is approximately 100 acres. Station R2 is
located in a manhole along Hesperian Boulevard. Hesperian Boulevard is a main
thoroughfare in the western portion of City X.
The last representative sampling station, R3, is located along West Street approximately
400 feet east of the intersection of West Street and Mohr Drive. The watershed is
approximately 80 acres in size and comprised of mainly residential and open space. The
open space is owned by City X Community College District and is part of the campus of
City X College. It is expected that most of the runoff discharging from outfall R3 will
be from the residential areas.
1.3 SAMPLING PERIOD AND FREQUENCY
City X has distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season extends from October through
April with over 90% of the rainfall occurring during this time. It is anticipated that the
program will continue for one full wet-season. Samples will be collected for a minimum
of 3 storm events (if possible), approximately 1 month apart. Storm events will only be
monitored if preceded by 72 hours of dry weather (less than 0.1 inches of rainfall).
1.4 SAMPLING PARAMETERS
A flow-weighted composite sample will be collected for the duration of the storm event.
The sample will be analyzed for 25 parameters, including BNAs, pesticides, PCBs, TDS,
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TSS, BOD, COD, total antimony, total arsenic, total beryllium, total cadmium, total
chromium, hexavalent chromium, total copper, total lead, total mercury, total nickel,
total selenium, total silver, total thallium, total zinc, total phosphorous, dissolved
phosphorous, total nitrogen, and total ammonia plus organic nitrogen. The parameters
are listed in Table 1. The sample will be collected in the field and transported to the
laboratory for analysis.
1.5 SAMPLING METHODS
Composite samples will be collected using an automatic composite sampler (described in
Attachment A). The automatic sampler is designed to collect subsamples (e.g., 500 mis)
at variable time intervals corresponding to a specific volume of water flowing by the
monitoring station. Both volumes are user-specific and will be chosen such that 10 liters
of sample water will be collected over the duration of the storm.
The flow-weighted composite sample will be collected in a single container. Borosilicate
glass provides the best alternative for collection of water to be submitted for metals and
organics. Thus, 10-liter borosilicate media bottles with Teflon-lined polyethylene caps
will be used for the composite sample. No preservatives will be added to the sample
container. The laboratory will subdivide the sample water into aliquots for individual
analyses and add the appropriate preservatives.
SOP
A detailed set of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) will be developed for all phases
of the field monitoring program. The SOP will contain the following procedural
instructions:
Standard observations
Initial setup of the composite sampler
Storm monitoring station software initiation
8
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Table 1. PARAMETERS FOR REPRESENTATIVE STORMWATER SAMPLING
Representative Stormwater
Flow-Weighted Sample
Organics
Base/Neutral-Acid
Extractable Oil and Grease
Pesticides/Polychlorinated
Biphenyls (PCB)
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Chromium (hexavalent)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Physical
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
Biochemical OxygenDemand(BOD5)
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
Other
Phosphorous (total)
Phosporous (dissolved)
Nitrogen (total)
Total ammonia and organic nitrogen
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Battery replacement
Data retrieval
Sample removal and handling
Grab sampling
Sample transfer and tracking
Field training sessions will be held prior to sampling for personnel expected to
participate in monitoring. The training sessions will involve review of the SOP and
hands-on experience in interrogating a model monitoring station.
1.6 SAMPLE HANDLING PROCEDURES
All water samples collected will be stored in an ice chest immediately after collection.
The ice will be stored in separate plastic bags. The samples will be delivered to the
analyzing laboratory soon enough to allow analyses within the required holding times.
The samples will be handled under chain-of-custody procedures. A Chain-of-Custody
Record (Figure 1) will accompany each ice chest used to store sample containers. The
original Record will be sealed inside a plastic, ziplock-type bag and attached to the
cooler. A copy will be retained by the field sampler.
When transferring possession of the samples, the individuals relinquishing and receiving
will sign, date, and note the time on the Chain-of-Custody Record. This Record will
document transfer of custody of the samples from the sampler to the laboratory.
The Chain-of-Custody Record will include a Sample Analysis Request section (Figure 1).
This section will identify the parameters that are to be analyzed, which sample
containers have been designated for each requested parameter, and any preservatives
used.
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Figure 1. SAMPLE CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY RECORD
PROJECT NO.
SAMPLERS (S.gnatura)
DATE
TIME
SAMPLE NUMBER
RELINQUISHED BY
(Signature)
METHOD OF SHIPMENT
DATE
/TIME
i
Chain of Custody Record
ANALYSES
EPAUatKXi
EPA Mated
JEPAttatKXl
UJ
RECEIVED BY .
(Signature)
SHIPPED BY
(Signature)
TOTAL
NUMBER OF
CONTAINERS
RELINQUISHED BY
(Signature)
COURIER
(Signature
Nunibe< ol Containers
DATE
REMARKS
(Sample
preservation.
handling
procedures, etc )
/TIME RECEIVED BY
(Signature)
RECEIVED FOR LAB BY DATE.TIME
(Signature)
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2.0
ANALYTICAL METHODS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL
2.1 ANALYTICAL METHODS
Analytical methods referenced in 40 CFR Part 136 will be used for the Representative
Sampling Program laboratory analyses.
2.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL
2.2.1 Objectives
The overall objective of the Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) Plan is to
ensure data of known high quality. The specific objectives are to:
Provide a mechanism for ongoing control and evaluation of measurement
data quality throughout the course of the program;
Define data quality for the various measurement parameters in terms of
precision and accuracy.
Analysis of QC data will be used to estimate the degree to which the objectives are
achieved.
2.2.2 Sampling Quality Control
All instruments used in the field to measure a quantity, or which have an expected
performance level, will be calibrated prior to use. Calibration will be performed by field
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personnel using reference standards, or by calibration agencies or equipment
manufacturers. Calibration records, including type and brand of instrument, date of
calibration, method of calibration, and instrument response will be maintained.
2.2.3 Analytical Quality Control
QC samples will be periodically prepared or collected and submitted for laboratory
analysis with the water samples. QC samples will consist of field QC samples or
laboratory QC samples.
Field OC Samples. Field QC samples will be submitted from the field for laboratory
analysis and will consist of the following types of samples: travel blanks, field blanks,
and field replicates.
Travel blanks will be used to assess potential sample contamination occurring during
shipment and storage of the samples, and during laboratory handling and analysis. The
travel blanks will be filled at the laboratory with reagent-grade deionized water,
transported to the sampling site, and returned to the laboratory for analysis. Travel
blanks for each sample container type will be included and will be prepared and
analyzed at a minimum frequency of 5 percent of water samples collected annually.
Field blanks will be used to assess potential sample contamination occurring during field
collection, handling, shipment and storage of the samples, and during laboratory
handling and analysis. The field blanks will be obtained by filling sample containers
with reagent-grade distilled water in the field and handling them with identical
procedures used for handling water samples. The sample containers will be given
fictitious sample designations and returned to the laboratory for analysis. Field blanks
for each container type will be prepared and analyzed at a minimum frequency of 5
percent of water samples collected annually.
Field replicates will be used to assess natural sample variability, or variability
attributable to field collection, sample handling, shipment and storage methods, and to
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laboratory handling and analysis. The field replicates will be obtained by filling grab
sample containers at the same sampling location at the same time. Replicate samples
will not be collected from composite samples. One of the replicate samples will be
given a fictitious sample designation and returned to the laboratory for analysis.
Replicate samples for each container type will be prepared and analyzed at a minimum
frequency of 5 percent of water samples collected annually.
Laboratory OC Samples. Laboratory QC samples will be prepared and analyzed by the
laboratory and will consist of the following types of samples: method blanks, matrix
spiked samples, and duplicate matrix spiked samples.
Method blanks will be used to assess potential sample contamination attributable to
laboratory analysis procedures. Method blanks will be tested daily at the beginning of
each analytical sequence and are then analyzed at a frequency of one per ten samples
per day.
Matrix spiked samples will be used to estimate matrix recovery and laboratory accuracy.
A duplicate matrix spiked sample will be analyzed each time that a matrix spiked
sample is analyzed to provide an estimate of laboratory precision. The samples should
be spiked prior to any extractions performed as part of the analysis. One matrix spiked
sample and one duplicate matrix spiked samples will be analyzed at a frequency of one
per ten samples analyzed per day.
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3.0
DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION AND REPORTING
3.1 QUALITY ASSURANCE EVALUATION
Overall data quality will be assessed based on sampling and analytical conditions,
adherence to QC procedures, and results of accuracy and precision checks.
Precision is the measure of the variability of individual sample measurements. Precision
will be assessed from analyses of replicate samples and from the use of duplicate matrix
spiked samples. Precision will be measured as the percent difference in the duplicate
measurements, using the following equation:
Pi = (Yi-Xi)/(0.5[Yi+ X,])xlOO
PJ = precision of duplicate pair i
Yj = concentration for primary sample i
Xj = concentration for duplicate sample i
Average precision and its standard deviation for the concentration data will be provided.
The average precision for field replicates and matrix spiked duplicate samples will be
calculated independently for each measurement parameter.
Accuracy is a measure of the system bias, or the difference between the mean of the
true sample values and the mean of the measured values. Accuracy will be assessed
using matrix spiked samples in conjunction with travel blanks, field blanks, and method
blanks. Matrix spiked samples measure the bias in laboratory procedures. Travel
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blanks measure the bias introduced by sample handling and shipping, and laboratory
procedures. Field blanks measure the bias introduced by contaminated sampling
equipment, sample handling and shipping, and laboratory procedures. Method blanks
measure the bias introduced by laboratory procedures.
The following equation will be used to measure accuracy:
A, = (Y/X,)x 100
AJ = accuracy of compound i
Y| = measured spike concentration in sample i
Xj = known spike concentration of sample i
Average accuracy and its standard deviation for the concentration data will be provided.
Laboratory data will be reviewed to check that all analyses were performed using
approved methods. The data will also be reviewed to check that the analyses were
performed within the specified holding times. Results from matrix spiked samples and
duplicate matrix spiked samples will be compared with QC target criteria. An
explanation for analysis data not meeting these target criteria will be provided.
Detection limits will be reported with the analytical results and if detection limits exceed
target detection limits values will be flagged and any interferences or dilution effects
noted.
3.2 DATA REPORTING
All field and laboratory data collected for the Representative Sampling Program,
including QC data, will be tabulated and reported at the end of the wet-season
monitoring. Any data outside QC target limits will be flagged and an explanation
provided.
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4.0
REFERENCES
American Public Health Association. 1985. Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater. 16th Edition. Washington, D.C.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1983. Methods for Chemical
Analysis of Water and Wastes, EPA-600/4-83-020.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1986. Test Methods for
Evaluating Solid Waste. Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846.
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ATTACHMENT A
STATION DESIGN FOR AUTOMATIC SAMPLERS
The field study for wet-weather sampling is designed to collect accurate hydrological
information to quantify discharges and to collect flow-weighted composite samples.
Samples will be collected using an automatic sampler. Monitoring of stage (water
depth) will be performed continuously during storms.
The following design considerations will be used to establish the monitoring station:
Intake for the automatic sampler must be protected from large objects
transported by the stormwater runoff.
Intake must be located in a well-mixed area not subject to burial or
submergence.
Water velocity in the intake hose during sampling must be maximized to
maintain paniculate material in suspension.
Intake hose material must be appropriate to avoid metals and organic
contamination of samples.
Sample container material must be compatible with holding samples to
be analyzed for both trace metals and organic compounds.
The peristaltic pump for the automatic sampler must be capable of
delivering consistent sample volumes, regardless of intake hose length
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and changes in head associated with the rise and fall of stage in the
water body being sampled.
The automatic sampler should not exceed a head difference of 20 feet
above the water in order to avoid low water velocities within the intake
hose and decreasing precision in sample volume.
The intake will be placed in a cage constructed of quarter-inch stainless rod. The cage
is designed to deflect moderate-sized objects around the intake and the pressure sensor.
Coarse stainless-steel intake screens will be used to reduce the likelihood of blockage
within the sample tubing.
Experience has indicated that intakes should be positioned between 2 and 4 inches
above the bottom. This range is believed to be a reasonable compromise between
avoidance of bedload transport and keeping the intake submerged.
A 3/8-inch (inner-diameter) intake hose constructed of polyethylene on the outside and
Teflon on the inside will be used for sample collection. The polyethylene provides the
required physical strength while the Teflon provides a suitable material for handling
samples which would be analyzed for either metals or organic compounds. The bore
diameter of the intake hose is selected to maximize the velocity of flow within the hose
(in order to prevent settling of suspended solids). An inner-diameter of 3/8 inch is
necessary to maintain velocities of 1 to 2 fps at head differences of up to 20 feet.
A stage-discharge relationship will be developed at each station. Weirs and flumes will
be used to measure flow when appropriate (e.g., approach velocities are small, good
upstream conditions).
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APPENDIX E
GUIDANCE MATERIALS
SELECTED REFERENCES AND SOURCES OF INFORMATION
1. Adams, L.W., Dove, L.E., Leedy, D.L., and Franklin, T., Urban Methods for Stormwater Control and
Wildlife Enhancement: Analysis and Evaluation (Urban Wildlife Research Center, Columbia,
MD, 1983), 200 pp.
2. American Public Works Association, "UrbanStormwater Management/'Special Report No. 49 (Chicago,
IL, 1981).
3. American Society of Landscape Architects Foundation, "Handbook of Landscape Architectural
Construction"(McLean, VA, 1973).
4. California State University, Sacrament, Department of Engineering, "Operation and Maintenance of
Wastewater Collection Systems: A Field Study Program" (for EPA, Office of Water Program
Operations), 1983.
5. Mancini, J.L., "Developmentof Methods to Define Water Quality Effects of Urban Runoff,"Report No.
EPA 600/2-83-125 (Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA Office of
Research and Development, 1983).
6. Marsh, William M., "Environmental Analysis: For Land Use and Site Planning" (McGraw-Hill, Inc.,
1978).
7. Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments, "ControllingUrban Runoff: A Practical Manual for
Planning and Designing Urban BMPs" (1987).
8. Northern Virginia Planning District Commission, "Guidebookfor Screening Urban Nonpoint Source
Pollution Management Strategies" (prepared for Metropolitan Washington Council of
Governments) (1980).
9. Novotny, V. and Chesters, G., "Handbook of Nonpoint Source Pollution: Sources and Management"
(Van Nost and Reinhold Company, New York, NY, 1981), 545 pp.
10. Omernik, James, "Nonpoint Source ~ Stream Nutrient Level Relationships" A Nationwide Study,"
Report No. EPA-600/3-77-105 (Special Studies Branch, Corvallis Environmental Research
Laboratory, U.S. EPA).
11. Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, "Guidelines for the Development and
Implementation of Preparedness, Prevention and Contingency (PPC) Plans" (1983).
12. Porter, Douglas, Len, Ben, and Peiser, Richard, "Special Districts" A Useful Technique for Financing
Infrastructure," Report No. 536 (Urban Land Institute, Washington, DC, 1987), 58 pp.
13. Robinson, G. (ed.), "Hazardous Chemicals, Spill Cleanup" (1979).
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14. Snyder, Thomas and Stegman, Michael, "Paying for Growth: Using Development Fees to Finance
Infrastructure," Report No. P40 (Urban Land Institute, Washington, DC, 1987).
15. Terrien, Ernest, "HazardousMaterial sand Natural Disaster, Emergencies, Incident Action Guidebook"
(Technomic Publishing Co., 1984).
16. Thronson, Robert, "NonpointSource Pollution Control Guidance Construction Activities," (U.S. EPA,
Washington, DC, 1976).
17. Thurow, Charles, Toner, W., and Erley, D., "Performance Controls for Sensitive Lands: A Practical
Guide for Local Administrators, Parts 1 and 2 (American Society of Planning Officials, 1975)
(author affiliation - Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA).
18. Tourbier, Joachim and Westmacott, R., "Water Resources Protection Measures in Land Development:
A Handbook" (Water Resources Center, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 1974).
19. Tourbier, J. Toby and Westmacott, Richard, "Water Resources Protection Technology" (Urban Land
Institute, Washington, DC, 1981), pp. 178.
20. The Urban Institute, American Society of Civil Engineers, and the National Association of Home
Builders, "Residential Storm Water Management: Objectives, Principles and Design
Considerations" (Washington, DC, March 1979), pp. 64.
21. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region X, Emergency Response Team, "Oil and Hazardous
Substances Response Manual."
22. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Handbookfor Sewer System Evaluation and Rehabilitation,
MCD-19," Report No. EPA-430/9-15-02 (1975).
23. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Best Management Practices Guidance Document/'Report No.
EPA-600/9-79-045 (Hydroscience, Inc., Washington, DC, 1979).
24. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "HazardousMaterial Spills and Responses for Municipalities,"
Report No. EPA-600/2-80-108 (1980).
25. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Handbookfor Sampling and Sample Preservation of Water and
Wastewater," Report No. EPA-600/4-82-029 (1982).
26. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Methodologyfor Analysis of Detention Basins for Control of
Urban Runoff Quality" (Nonpoint Source Division, Office of Water, U.S. EPA, 1986).
27. Weiss, G. (ed.), "Hazardous Chemical Data Book" (1980).
Note: Within parentheses you find either (publisher, place, date) or (author affiliation, source, place,
date).
U.8.QCVe»*IIBJTPfllNTMQOraCe:19ei-817-OOa/4700e
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