United Stales
Environmental IVotection
Agency
Office ot Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park. NC 27711
EPA-454/R-94-024
July 1994
Air
& EPA
MODELING FUGITIVE DUST
IMPACTS FROM SURFACE COAL
MINING OPERATIONS - PHASE I
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EPA-454/R-94-024
Modeling Fugitive Dust Impacts from
Surface Coal Mining Operations—Phase I
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5, Library (PL- 12J)
77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th Floor
Chicago, IL 60604-3590
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Technical Support Division
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
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Disclaimer
This report has been reviewed by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and has been approved for publication. Any
mention of trade names or commercial products is not intended to constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use. Copies of this report was available for a fee
from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Royal Road, Springfield, VA
22161
EPA-454/R-94-024
This document is printed on recycled paper.
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CONTENTS
List of Tables v
List of Figures vii
Acknowledgments ix
Executive Summary x
1. Introduction 1-1
1.1 Previous coal mine studies 1-2
1.2 Study objectives 1-7
1.3 Report organization and format 1-7
2. Field Study Design 2-1
2.1 Study setting 2-1
2.2 Siting analysis 2-14
2.3 Location and purpose of monitoring stations 2-23
2.4 Source activity monitoring 2-32
2.5 Quality assurance plan 2-33
3. Field Activities 3-1
3.1 Instruments and methods 3-2
3.2 Monitoring schedule 3-17
3.3 Source activity monitoring 3-20
3.4 Quality assurance activities 3-37
4. Data Compilation/Reduction 4-1
4.1 Calculation procedures and data entry 4-1
4.2 Final products 4-12
5. Test Results 5-1
5.1 Air quality summary 5-2
5.2 Meteorological summary 5-18
5.3 Source activity summary 5-25
5.4 Quality assurance results 5-35
6. References 6-1
in
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APPENDICES
Appendix A Data Sheets Used in Example Air Quality Calculation A-1
Appendix B Air Quality Maps and Supporting Data B-1
Appendix C Summary Statistics for PM-10 and TSP Measurements C-1
Appendix D Hourly Meteorological Summaries D-1
Appendix E Quality Assurance Audit Report E-1
Appendix F Independent Field Audit Reports F-1
IV
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1-1 Air quality modeling studies of surface coal mines 1-3
1 -2 Model performance comparisons 1-6
2-1 General climatological data for Campbell County, WY 2-3
2-2 Summary statistics for the Cordero mine 2-5
2-3 24-Hour concentrations of total suspended particulate (|ig/m3) 2-15
2-4 Wind frequency analysis for Cordero coal mine:
April-July, 1990-1992 2-18
2-5 Monitoring station parameters 2-30
2-6 Data quality objectives for critical measurements 2-39
2-7 Sampling and analysis methodology and
requirements for critical equipment 2-40
3-1 Environmental operating conditions for meteorological
monitoring stations 3-13
3-2 Meteorological parameters and sensors at the
Cordero meteorological monitoring station 3-13
3-3 Meteorological parameters and sensors at
the in-pit meteorological station 3-16
3-4 Primary and derived parameters monitored at the in-pit
meteorological station 3-17
3-5 Quality control procedures for sampling media 3-38
3-6 Quality control procedures for monitoring equipment 3-39
4-1 Description of data elements in air quality sampling spreadsheet 4-3
4-2 Method for interpreting the wind flow standard deviation
calculated for each air quality sampling day 4-7
4-3 Measured haul road emissions factors (Ib/VMT) 4-11
4-4 Test results for heavy vehicles on haul roads 4-12
4-5 List of measurement data files 4-15
5-1 Summary of 24-hour TSP air quality data (|ig/m3) 5-3
5-2 Summary of 24-hour PM-10 air quality data (ng/m3) 5-4
5-3 Summary statistics for collocated measurements 5-16
5-4 Summary of daily meteorology 5-19
5-5 Daily production rates 5-26
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table Page
5-6 Normalized daily production rates 5-27
5-7 Comparison of May and June mining plans with average
material movement on sampling days 5-32
5-8 Road surface moisture content 5-33
5-9 Estimated uncontrolled emissions 5-34
5-10 PM-10 filter blank values 5-36
5-11 TSP filter blank values 5-37
5-12 Air quality monitoring data completeness 5-38
VI
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
2-1 Location of study area relative to major coal fields in
the continental United States 2-2
2-2 General location of Gillette, Wyoming, and the Cordero coal mine .... 2-4
2-3 Aerial photograph of the Cordero coal mine (taken 6/10/92) 2-7
2-4 Aerial photograph of north pit (taken 7/1/93) 2-9
2-5 Aerial photograph of south pit (taken 6/25/93) 2-11
2-6 Locations of existing air quality monitoring stations at
the Cordero mine 2-16
2-7 Location of ambient air quality monitoring sites 2-25
2-8 Designations for active haul and access roads
at the Cordero mine 2-34
2-9 North pit roads 2-35
2-10 South pit roads 2-36
2-11 Haul road ramps from grade to pit floor 2-37
3-1 Diagram of a high-volume air sampler for TSP 3-3
3-2 Schematic of the Wedding high volume PM-10 sampler 3-5
3-3 Diagram of Wedding cyclonic inlet 3-6
3-4 Diagram of TEOM®^Series 1400a particulate monitor in all-weather
enclosure ^ : 3-8
3-5 System flow diagram for TEOM® Series 1400a PM-10 monitor 3-10
3-6 Site of the primary meteorological monitoring station (HV-1) at the
Cordero coal mine 3-12
3-7 Example completed data forms 3-21
3-8 Correspondence between mine work shifts and MRI
observation periods 3-23
3-9 Observation points used for source activity monitoring of the north pit 3-24
3-10a Front side of mine activity log 3-26
3-10b Back side of mine activity log 3-27
3-11 Example of form used for obtaining traffic counts on major haul routes 3-29
3-12 Example dragline observation form 3-30
3-13a Traffic summary form (page 1) 3-32
3-13b Traffic summary form (page 2) 3-33
3-14 Dragline summary form 3-34
3-15a Example weather/plume log sheet for on-site observations (front side) 3-35
3-15b Example weather/plume log sheet for on-site observations (back side) 3-36
VII
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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)
Figure Page
5-1 Summary statistics for PM-10 measurements on a daily
basis for all monitoring sites 5-6
5-2 Summary statistics for TSP measurements on a daily
basis for all monitoring sites 5-7
5-3 Summary statistics for PM-10 measurements at specific
monitoring sites 5-8
5-4 Summary statistics for TSP measurements at specific monitoring
sites 5-9
5-5 Key to box and whisker plots 5-10
5-6a Meteorology and source activity data for May 19,1993 5-12
5-6b Air quality measurements for May 19, 1993 5-13
5-7 PM-10 concentration vs. TSP concentration for all
24-h monitoring periods 5-14
5-8 PM-10 to TSP ratio vs. TSP concentration 5-15
5-9 Comparison of 24-h PM-10 concentration measurements by
the reference method and the continuous PM-10 monitor (TEOM®) . . 5-17
5-10 Daily temperature 5-20
5-11 Daily precipitation 5-21
5-12 Daily wind speed 5-22
5-13 Daily wind flow vector (towards direction noted) 5-24
5-14 Persistence of daily winds 5-24
5-15 Daily overburden removal by dragline 5-28
5-16 Daily overburden removal by truck/shovel 5-29
5-17 Daily coal removal .- 5-30
VIM
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This test report was prepared by Midwest Research Institute (MRI) under
contract No. 68-D2-0159. AlphaTRAC, Inc., supported MRI as a subcontractor during
this study.
Midwest Research Institute acknowledges the Cordero Mining Co. for its
cooperation in providing access to the study site. MRI also recognizes the Wyoming
Mining Association and the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality for their
technical review of the planning and reporting documents associated with this study.
Mr. Jawad S. Touma was the U.S. EPA work assignment manager for the
project.
IX
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Section 234 of the amended Clean Air Act states the following:
Sec. 234.(a) Prior to any use of the Industrial Source Complex
(ISC) Model using AP-42 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission
Factors to determine the effect on air quality of fugitive particulate
emissions from surface coal mines, for purposes of new source
review or for purposes of demonstrating compliance with national
ambient air quality standards for particulate matter applicable to
periods of 24 hours or less, under section 110 or parts C or D of
title I of the Clean Air Act, the Administrator shall analyze the
accuracy of such model and emission factors and make revisions
as may be necessary to eliminate any significant over-prediction of
air quality effect of fugitive particulate emissions from such
sources. Such revisions shall be completed not later than 3 years
after the date of enactment of the Clean Air Act Amendments of
1990. Until such time as the Administrator develops a revised
model for surface mine fugitive emissions, the State may use
alternative empirical based modeling approaches pursuant to
guidelines issued by the Administrator.
This report describes an intensive field monitoring program that was conducted
in response to the above requirement. Its purpose was to collect data on ambient
air quality (with an emphasis on PM-10 ), meteorology, and source activity at a
PM-10 denotes airborne particles of aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to
10
XI
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representative western surface coal mine for the purpose of compiling a
comprehensive, quality-assured data base for use in subsequent model evaluation.
The study site was the Cordero surface coal mine located in the Powder River
Basin of Wyoming. This mine featured the types of mining operations and levels of
activity during the monitoring program that are generally representative of western
surface coal mines.
Monitoring of air quality was performed using a nine-station network during
thirty 24-hr periods (midnight to midnight) from May 19 to July 18, 1993. The network
was operated on an every-other-day basis.
Although the data base focuses on spatially distributed, time-integrated
measurements of 24-h PM-10 concentration (for direct comparison to air quality
standards), coincident meteorological data (collected continuously) are resolved to
hourly values. And unlike previous studies, source activity is resolved to a shift basis
rather than depending on annual or seasonal statistics; this provides for much more
accurate estimation of short-term emission rates associated with the removal, transfer,
and transport of mined materials.
A secondary objective of the study was to provide supplementary monitoring
data (such as in-pit meteorology) that may be useful for the further evaluation of
model performance. Also, total suspended paniculate (TSP) monitoring was included
in the program to provide direct comparison to historical data and studies in the
Powder River Basin.
Table ES-1 provides a summary of the individual monitoring activities that were
conducted at the Cordero coal mine as described above. Also shown are the function
and significance of each type of monitoring activity in relation to overall program
objectives.
XII
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TABLE ES-1. SUMMARY OF MONITORING ACTIVITIES
Type of monitoring
Function
Significance
Nine fixed permanent
stations (PM-10/TSP)
Primary meteorological
station
Source activity monitoring
Continuous PM-10 monitor
(TEOM®)
"In-pit" meteorological
station
Integrated 24-h air quality
at specified receptors for
comparison to ISC results
Regional meteorology for
direct input to ISC
Basis for more finely time-
resolved shift emissions
inventory used as input to
ISC
Time-resolved PM-10
concentration at most
highly impacted
permanent site.
Comparative
meteorological data for pit
environment vs. regional
meteorology
Data required for ISC
implementation
Data required for ISC
implementation
Substantially improves
calculation of source
strength in time and space
Provides more highly
resolved data for
supplementary hourly
modeling comparisons
May help assess model
performance and "pit
trapping" in support of
separate EPA research
studies
In part, because precipitation was more than twice the normal during the study
period, measured PM-10 concentrations were generally low, especially prior to
June 24. However, the rain did not greatly impede mine production rates which
closely matched the projections of the mine plan. Moreover, watering of haul roads
for dust control was restarted fairly soon after even substantial rain. After June 24,
the particulate concentrations were generally higher, reflecting a decrease in average
daily precipitation to more typical levels.
On average, the highest PM-10 concentrations were measured at the
northernmost monitoring station (MRI 6), probably due to the impact of north pit
emissions under prevailing southerly winds. North pit coal production averaged nearly
five times higher than south pit production.
XIII
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Several data comparisons were made to test data consistency. PM-10 and
TSP ratios were clustered between 0.2 and 0.8 with the higher ratios occurring at
lower TSP concentrations. Collocated PM-10 and TSP samples showed a high
degree of precision in the method, as reflected by a mean range percent (difference
divided by average) of only 5 percent. Generally, the continuous PM-10 monitor
results integrated over 24 h agreed favorably with the collocated reference instrument.
Winds blew toward the combined south and southeast quarter on approximately
50% of the sampling days. The less prevalent component of the bimodal wind vector
distribution consisted of winds blowing from south to north. Wind directions were
relatively variable on nearly 60% of the sampling days and relatively steady on only
20% of the sampling days. The average wind speed during the period was 12 mph,
the normal highest hourly wind speed in a day was 20 mph, and the highest hourly
average wind speed of 34 mph was recorded on July 14.
During the study period, the majority of source activity was at the north pit.
Total estimated coal production for the 30 sampling days averaged 56,000 tons/day,
as compared to 43,000 tons/day from the June mine plan. Total overburden removal
averaged 102,000 tons/day as compared to the plan projection of 113,000 tons/day.
South pit movements of coal and overburden were slightly higher than prescribed by
the mine plan, and dragline production in the north pit was slightly lower. As
expected, dust emissions from truck movement dominated over emissions from coal
and overburden transfer.
Based on the results of the quality assurance audit, data quality is high. As an
example of data completeness, the capture rate for successful PM-10 concentration
measurements was 93%. The data have the necessary quality required to test the
predictive accuracy of the emission factor/dispersion model approach used to project
air quality impacts of surface coal mines.
XIV
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
Since 1983, paniculate emission factors for western surface coal mines have
been published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the document
entitled, "Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors" (AP-42). These emission
factors have been used in conjunction with the EPA's Industrial Source Complex
(ISC2) dispersion model to predict the ambient air quality impact associated with open
pit mining operations. Section 234 of the 1990 amended Clean Air Act required the
EPA to analyze the accuracy of both the AP-42 emission factors and the ISC2 model
as applied to surface coal mines and make revisions as necessary to eliminate any
significant overprediction of mine-related fugitive particulate emissions.
In response to the above requirement, an extensive study (Muleski et al., 1994)
was initiated in August of 1992 at a large western surface coal mine. The study site
was the Cordero Mine in Wyoming's Powder River Basin. The Cordero Mine was
selected based on its availability for the study and representativeness in terms of mine
operations. That work was mainly directed toward the validation and improvement of
emission factors for various mining operations.
The purpose of the companion study reported herein was to collect data on
ambient air quality (with an emphasis on PM-10*), meteorology, and source activity at
* PM-10 denotes airborne particles of aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to
10 ^m.
1-1
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a representative western surface coal mine that can be used in conjunction with the
most appropriate emission factors to develop a data base for determining the
predictive accuracy of the ISC air quality model. The study site was again the
Cordero mine, where monitoring was performed during the period May 19 to July 18,
1993.
Section 1.1 summarizes previous relevant research at western surface coal
mines and provides an "historical" perspective for evaluating the comprehensiveness
of the current study. Section 1.2 provides an outline of the overall objectives of the
subject study, and describe the organization of this report.
1.1 PREVIOUS COAL MINE STUDIES
Although dispersion model evaluations of isolated point sources such as power
plants are relatively common, air quality model evaluations of large area sources such
as surface coal mines are rare. It is instructive to examine the few coal mine model
evaluations in order to discover what work has been done, and to determine how mine
model evaluations can better be conducted. The methodology, findings, and short-
comings of the four surface mine model evaluations are discussed below. These
modeling studies are summarized in Table 1-1.
In the first study, Mark J. Komp and others (Komp et al., 1984) reported
findings comparing the performance of the Climatological Dispersion Model (COM) and
the Industrial Source Complex—Long Term (ISCLT) models used to predict annual
average total suspended particulate (TSP) concentrations in the Powder River Basin of
Wyoming. The scale of the output was 25 x 40 km (regional scale). Using identical
source emission rates and locations, the ISCLT and COM models were run, and
resulting isopleths of concentration were plotted. TSP emission rates were based on
permitted rather than actual production rates at each of six mines in the basin. For
this reason, it is not surprising that modeled concentrations overpredicted actual TSP
concentrations. The investigators found that the ISCLT model and COM model
1-2
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TABLE 1-1. AIR QUALITY MODELING STUDIES OF SURFACE COAL MINES
Investigators
Study area
Modeling approach
Comments
Komp et al., 1984 Powder River Basin
Dailey, 1984
Powder River Basin
i
CO
Shearer et al.,
1981
Belle Ayr Mine
Vardiman and
Winges, 1991
Powder River Basin
(8 mines)
MODEL(s): COM and ISCLT
TIME RESOLUTION:
EMISSION RATES: Annual average
MEASURED CONCENTRATIONS: Annual average
METEOROLOGICAL DATA: Annual STAR data
POLLUTANT: TSP
METHOD: Paired in time and space
STATISTICS: None
MODEL(s): CDMW and ISCLT
TIME RESOLUTION:
EMISSION RATES: Annual average
MEASURED CONCENTRATIONS: Annual average
METEOROLOGICAL DATA: Annual STAR data
POLLUTANT: TSP
METHOD: Paired in time and space
STATISTICS: Regression analyses; correlation coefficient
MODEL(s): ISCST and ISCLT
TIME RESOLUTION:
EMISSION RATES. 6-h values
MEASURED CONCENTRATIONS: Annual average and 6-h
METEOROLOGICAL DATA: On-site hour-by-hour; on-site STAR
data
POLLUTANT: TSP
METHOD: Paired in time and space
STATISTICS: Regression analyses; correlation coefficient
MODEL(s): FDM and ISC
TIME RESOLUTION.
EMISSION RATES: Annual average
MEASURED CONCENTRATIONS: Annual average and 24-h
METEOROLOGICAL DATA: Site-specific, hourly
POLLUTANT: TSP
METHOD. Paired in time and space
STATISTICS: Regression analyses; correlation coefficient
This study shows the "equivalence" of two
long-term Gaussian models. The use of
permitted rather than actual production
rates likely accounts for the models'
overproduction of measured concentrations. .
Consequently, the findings are of little
interest in judging performance of emission
factors and models.
Again, this study shows the "equivalence"
of two long-term Gaussian models but is
restricted to annual average TSP
concentrations at hi-vols some distance
from the mines. The findings are of limited
interest in answering the question "How
well do the emission factors/models predict
short-term concentrations that would be
used to permit a mine?"
The fact that the emission factors and the
model test data were derived from the
same mine limits the findings. Use of both
short-term and annual average concentra-
tions is welcome. The fact that the EDS
emission factors have not been widely used
detracts from the usefulness of this model
performance study.
Although both models performed fairly well
in predicting annual average TSP
concentrations, all short-term model outputs
tended to overpredict observed 24-h
concentrations. With the Wyoming
emission factors, which in effect remove
the coarse particle component of the
emissions, the results of FDM and ISCST
compared favorably. This indicates that the
deposition algorithm in ISC is faulty.
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isopleths were nearly identical, judged in a qualitative sense. Another run of the
ISCLT model was made with deposition, and the resulting concentrations were found
to be significantly smaller. Comparisons of modeled and measured TSP were made
for calendar years 1980, 1981, and 1982 at 11 hi-vol sites located near the mines.
However, it appears that the same meteorological data were used for all three years.
Bernie Dailey of the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality used actual
production data, combined with Wyoming emission factors, and the COM and ISCLT
models to predict geometric mean annual average TSP concentrations in the Powder
River Basin of Wyoming (Dailey, 1984). Various combinations of central wind speed
categories, wind speed exponents, available meteorological data sets, and several
model refinements were used to compare measured and modeled TSP values at 15
regional hi-vol sites for calendar years 1980 through 1983.
Measured and modeled TSP annual means in all instances were compared by
Dailey with regression plots of geometric mean values, with least square fits, and
correlation coefficients. In general, the Climatological Dispersion Model of Wyoming
(CDMW) tended to underpredict concentrations at receptors far from the mines.
Dailey also compared ISCLT and CDMW, finding no appreciable difference in model
performance. Despite high correlation coefficients (r = 0.92 in some comparisons),
Dailey concluded that simple model correction factors would not suffice to improve
performance. Instead, he recommended a full examination of emission factors,
meteorological data sets, and deposition phenomenon as future investigations.
As part of its Emission Factor Development Study (EDS), Shearer et al. (1981)
compared long-term (annual average) and short-term (6-h) TSP concentrations with
ISC-Short-Term (ISCST) and ISCLT modeled concentrations near the Belle Ayr Mine
in Wyoming. The emission rates were computed using TRC's EDS emission factors—
in fact, to the extent that the measured and modeled concentrations agreed, the model
comparison was viewed as a verification of the emission factors.
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Comparison was generally good in the EDS, although limited data pairs were
available. For short-term (6-h) periods, examination of 48 data pairs indicated that
agreement of measured/modeled concentrations was "within a factor of two" 41 % of
the time; and "within a factor of three" for 56% of the pairs. For annual average time
intervals, comparison of annual average TSP measured at 4 hi-vol sites near the Belle
Ayr Mine was extremely good—all annual average measured and modeled
concentrations agreed within a few micrograms per cubic meter over a range of 24 to
68 ug/m3. The major drawback to the EDS is that it used nonstandard emission
factors, which have not gained widespread acceptance and which have not been
subject to peer review.
Vardiman and Winges (1991) examined the performance of two mathematical
air quality models, the Fugitive Dust Model (FDM) and ISC, in predicting concentra-
tions of TSP at 22 monitoring sites around two groups of surface coal mines in the
Powder River Basin of Wyoming. The two models were run in a manner to predict
both annual average concentrations and 24-h concentrations. Each model also used
two sets of emission rates, one set calculated from EPA emission factors published in
AP-42 and a second set developed by the State of Wyoming Department of Environ-
mental Quality, Air Quality Division. Mine activity and location information was
obtained from each mine for the year 1989 which allowed the calculation of annual
average paniculate emission rates. Two sets of meteorological data were used in the
study, one set for the northern group of five mines and a second set for the south
group of three mines.
According to Vardiman and Winges (1991), the FDM long-term model, using
Wyoming emission factors, did the best job of predicting the annual average
particulate concentrations at the 22 monitoring sites locations, with a correlation
coefficient of 0.90. The ISC long-term model, using EPA emission factors, performed
the poorest with a correlation coefficient of 0.83. The results of the other two
1-5
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scenarios (i.e., FDM/EPA factors and ISC/Wyoming factors), fell between the first two
results. Statistically, however, there was no difference between the four sets of
results. In the results presented by the authors, all short-term model/annual average
emission factor scenarios compared poorly with measured 24-h concentrations, the
best correlation coefficient being 0.65. Measured concentrations were overpredicted
in some cases by an order of magnitude, and none of the short-term models/emission
factor combinations could be recommended for use.
Irwin and Touma (1992) extended these analyses by comparing observed and
predicted second-high 24-h TSP concentration values in space (at the 22 monitoring
locations in the Powder River Basin), but not in time. Two dispersion models and four
different sets of emission factors were used to generate predicted TSP concentrations
at the monitoring locations. The following table indicates the numbers of predicted
values within (a) a factor of two and (b) a factor of 25% of the observed values.
TABLE 1-2. MODEL PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS
No. of predicted values No. of predicted values
within a factor of two or within 25% of observed
observed values values
Emission rates
Average AP-42
Peak AP-42
Average Wyoming
Peak Wyoming
FDM
22a
21
22
20
ISC
22
15
22
19
FDM
13
10
17
8
ISC
15
1
17
7
a Total number of monitors (i.e., possible predicted values) was 22.
The results show that in spite of the uncertainties associated with the many
assumptions made in characterizing the emissions, the models predict within a factor
of two, which is typical of Gaussian dispersion models.
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1.2 STUDY OBJECTIVES
The main objective of the field study reported herein was to perform an
intensive atmospheric and source activity monitoring program at a typical western
surface coal mine for the purpose of compiling a comprehensive, quality-assured data
base for use in subsequent dispersion model evaluation. Although the data base
focuses on spatially distributed, time-integrated measurements of 24-h PM-10
concentration, coincident meteorological data are resolved to hourly values. And,
unlike previous studies, monitored source activity is resolved to a shift basis for much
more accurate estimation of short-term emission rates associated with the removal,
transfer, and transport of mined materials.
A secondary objective of the study has been to provide supplementary
monitoring data for the further evaluation of model performance. For example, a
continuous PM-10 monitor was installed to provide more highly resolved hourly data.
Also, total suspended particulate (TSP) monitoring is included to provide direct
comparison to historical data and studies in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming.
The objectives and associated design of the study were framed through an
early planning document (Muleski et al., 1991). This was followed by the development
of a detailed study plan for the Cordero Mine (Kinsey et al., 1993), once it had been
selected as the study site. These documents were reviewed in draft form by industry
groups whose comments were addressed in subsequent revisions.
1.3 REPORT ORGANIZATION AND FORMAT
The remainder of this report is organized as follows:
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Section 2 describes the experimental design for the field study, including the
field setting, monitor siting analysis, location and purpose of monitoring stations, the
criteria for source activity monitoring, and the quality assurance plan.
Section 3 discusses the details of the field operations, including the atmospheric
monitoring instruments and schedule, the procedures for source activity monitoring,
and the quality assurance activities.
Section 4 describes data compilation and reduction procedures and the final
products of the study, consisting of data files and supporting documentation.
Section 5 summarizes the results of the study, including the air quality,
meteorology and source activity components. It also presents quality assurance
results.
The appendices present supporting data summaries, example calculations, and
the Quality Assurance Audit Report.
1-8
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SECTION 2
FIELD STUDY DESIGN
The following sections describe the overall study design including: the
geographic area and mine where the study was performed; the analysis conducted to
site the air monitors; the location and purpose of the air monitoring stations; the
source activity monitoring conducted in the study; and associated quality assurance
activities.
2.1 STUDY SETTING
The air monitoring program was performed at the Cordero Coal Mine located in
the Powder River Basin near Gillette, Wyoming. The following sections describe the
Powder River Basin, the Cordero mine, and the meteorology of the area.
2.1.1 Powder River Basin
The general study area is located in the Wyoming portion of the Powder River
Basin near the city of Gillette (Figure 2-1). There are two groups of surface coal
mines in this portion of the Basin. The northern group consists of five mines with a
total annual 1989 coal production of 47.5 million short tons or 43.2 x 1012 g
(Vardiman and Winges, 1991). The southern mines, on the other hand, produced
44.2 million short tons (40.2 x 1012 g) of coal in 1989 (Vardiman and Winges, 1991).
In general,
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Green River
San \ / Basin *
Francisco
ro
Northern Great
Plains Region
'•—H
Coos Bay } •'* &
Field
I Bighorn
Basin
F'Dowder River
Basin
Interior
0 200 400 600 Miles
, I I
0 200 400 600 Kilometres
Anthracite and semianthracile
Low-volatile bituminous coal
Medium- and high volatile
bituminous coal
VTA
Subbituminous coal
Figure 2-1. Location of study area relative to major coal fields in the continental United States.
Lignite
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subbituminous coal is extracted from the Powder River Basin and is mainly exported
for power generation.
The city of Gillette is located in central Campbell County situated in the
northeast corner of Wyoming (Figure 2-2). Campbell County is located on broad,
gently-rolling plains between the Black Hills of South Dakota to the east and the Big
Horn Mountains to the west. Gillette's elevation is 4,550 ft above sea level. The town
was founded in 1891 during the construction of the Burlington Northern railroad which
runs past the Cordero coal mine. Table 2-1 summarizes general climatological data
for Campbell County.
TABLE 2-1. GENERAL CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA
FOR CAMPBELL COUNTY, WY
Climatic parameter Measured value
Average maximum temperature (Jan) 35°F or 2°C
Average maximum temperature (July) 83°F or 28°C
Average minimum temperature (Jan) 17°F or -8°C
Average minimum temperature (July) 56°F or 13°C
Average annual temperature 45°F or 7°C
Average annual precipitation 15.75 in or 40 cm
Average annual snowfall 66 in or 168 cm
Average relative humidity 45%
Source: Campbell County Economic Development
Corporation, January 1992.
2-3
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10F
JOS'
Figure 2-2. General location of Gillette, Wyoming, and the Cordero coal mi
mine.
2-4
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2.1.2 Cordero Mine
The Cordero mine (Figure 2-3) is located approximately 20 miles south of
Gillette, Wyoming. The mine has two operating pits as well as a processing plant and
dual rail load-out facility. The north pit (Figure 2-4) contains a dragline installed in
October 1992, and the south pit (Figure 2-5) utilizes a typical truck-shovel operation.
The mine is located immediately south of the Caballo Rojo coal mine.
Based on literature from the Cordero mine, it produces low-sulfur,
subbituminous coal at an annual rate of approximately 13 million short tons (12 x 1012
g). About 70% of the coal (on an annual basis) is extracted from the north pit with the
remainder coming from the south pit. The proportion of north pit to south pit coal
varies on a daily or weekly basis, however, depending on coal quality and customer
requirements. Most of the coal produced by the mine is shipped to electric utilities for
power generation. Summary information for the Cordero mine is provided in
Table 2-2.
TABLE 2-2. SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR THE CORDERO MINE
Mine characteristic Reported value
Overall land area 6,550 acres
Coal reserves 415 x 106 tons (377 x 1012 g)
Nominal annual coal production 13x10 tons (12 x 10 g)
Coal seam thickness 30 to 90 ft (9 to 27 m)
Typical coal heat value 8,400 Btu (8.9 x 106 J)
Storage capacity 144,000 tons (131,000 Mg)
Coal crushing capacity 4,500 tons/h (4,090 Mg/h)
Maximum coal load-out capacity 22,000 tons/h (20,000 Mg/h)
Useful life 25-30 years
Source: Cordero Mining Company, Campbell County,
Wyoming (undated).
2-5
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Operations at the Cordero mine are typical of most western surface coal mines.
During the initial mining operation, topsoil and subsoil are removed by large scrapers
and taken either to an area to be reclaimed or stored in large stockpiles. The
exposed overburden is then leveled, drilled, and blasted. The fractured overburden is
removed by a dragline and/or large electric shovels into haul trucks to expose the coal
seam. The removed overburden is placed in an adjacent area to be used later for
reclamation.
After the overburden has been removed, the exposed coal seam is drilled and
blasted. The fractured coal is then loaded into 240-ton (nominal capacity) haul trucks
by a shovel for transport to the processing plant. The trucks move along graded and
well maintained unpaved haul roads to the truck dump at the processing plant. At the
grizzly, the coal is dumped into a large hopper located above the primary crusher.
From the primary crusher, the coal moves along enclosed conveyors to the secondary
crusher building. At the secondary crusher discharge, the coal can either be
transported by belt conveyor to the storage shed or elevated into silos for railcar load-
out. On top of the silos, a unique carousel-type distributor conveys coal to one of the
four silos for railcar loading. Two unit trains (consisting of approximately 115 cars at
100 tons or 91 Mg each) can be loaded from the four storage silos at any one time.
This completes the coal production process at the Cordero mine.
A variety of emission controls are used at the Cordero mine. For the haul
roads, water plus surfactant is applied to the unpaved surface as needed throughout
each shift. At the processing plant, a wet suppression system is used to control dust
emissions from the truck dump during the dumping of coal. The remainder of the
plant is completely enclosed and equipped with both wet suppression and
capture/collection (baghouse) equipment for dust control. No visible dust was
observed from the plant area during the field program.
2-6
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Figure 2-3. Aerial photograph of the Cordero coal mine (taken 6/10/92).
2-7
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2-8
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Figure 2-4. Aerial photograph of north pit (taken 7/1/93).
2-9
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2-10
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Figure 2-5. Aerial photograph of south pit (taken 6/25/93).
2-11
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2-12
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2.1.3 General Site Meteorology
Airflow patterns at the Cordero Coal Mine, as in the Powder River Basin overall,
exhibit the combined effects of large scale (synoptic) weather patterns and local
terrain influences. The broad Powder River Basin is oriented northwest-southeast
throughout the area of interest. In addition, local terrain is very consistent in the area
around Gillette. Airflow direction within the basin during April-July appears to separate
into three main categories:
• Steady flow from the southeast,
• Steady flow from the west or northwest, and
• Diurnal mountain-valley flow.
Steady southeasterly airflow influences much of the intermountain west during
the later summer months, and may be experienced at Cordero during late June and
July. Days with southeasterly flow are characterized by light winds, typically in the 2
to 10 mph range. Although average wind directions remain steady for several hours
on these days, short-term fluctuations can be large, with hourly wind direction
standard deviations of 10 to 30 degrees likely. The airflow pattern can become
chaotic with the passage of thunderstorms during the late afternoon.
Other days are dominated by westerly or northwesterly flow, probably driven by
strong westerly winds in the upper atmosphere. These flows are channeled in a
northwest-southeast direction by the alignment of the Powder River Basin. Wind
directions can remain steady for many hours on these days, with hourly standard
deviations less than 10 degrees. Wind speed on these days typically varies from
around 5 to 15 mph.
2-13
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A diurnal (day-night) mountain-valley airflow pattern can also develop in the
Powder River Basin, dominating the winds at the Cordero Mine. The result is a
northwest-southeast oriented up-valley flow during the day, with a southeast-northwest
oriented down-valley flow at night. Wind directions typically become highly variable
during the shifts between down-valley and up-valley flow. These shifts occur in the
early morning and late evening and can produce wind direction standard deviations of
40 degrees or more. The wind shifts can be sudden, lasting 15 min or less, or can be
prolonged, with highly variable winds for 2 to 3 h.
2.2 SITING ANALYSIS
Prior to locating the monitoring instruments, a siting analysis was performed.
This analysis consisted of an evaluation of available air quality and wind data followed
by the development of criteria for siting the monitoring stations. The results of the
analyses conducted are provided below.
2.2.1 Preliminary Air Quality Analysis
As a preliminary step in determining monitor siting criteria, MRI reviewed the
historical air quality data measured by the Cordero monitoring network for the year
1989 (Vardiman and Winges, 1991). This review focused on TSP data, rather than on
PM-10 data, because PM-10 data were available at only one of the three Cordero
monitoring stations prior to the fall of 1992.
Table 2-3 summarizes this review and presents not only the total suspended
paniculate (TSP) concentration measured at each Cordero station (HV-1, -2, -2A, and
-3 as shown in Figure 2-6) but also both the absolute maximum and the maximum net
(i.e., maximum minus minimum) TSP concentration. The table is sorted from low to
high maximum net concentration.
2-14
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TABLE 2-3. 24-HOUR CONCENTRATIONS OF TOTAL
SUSPENDED PARTICULATE
Year, month, day
890128
890203
891001
891013
891025
891007
891224
890603
890721
890428
891019
890317
891206
890715
890609
890416
890826
890703
890919
890510
890323
891212
890615
890808
891124
891230
891112
890329
890227
890907
890522
890516
891031
890621
890627
890504
890528
890410
891106
891118
890814
890925
890727
891218
890404
890913
890820
890901
890122
890311
890422
890221
890802
890709
890104
890305
890110
890116
890209
890215
891130
* Year of record -1989. NA
HV-1
NA
NA
51
54
73
17
4
NA
NA
16
29
21
6
19
NA
NA
36
55
NA
47
34
17
34
43
37
3
24
NA
41
73
53
22
14
37
43
21
NA
30
11
13
58
44
70
19
NA
68
24
76
29
33
NA
17
45
84
19
35
9
22
40
35
16
- not available.
HV-2b
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8
23
70
22
NA
20
17
27
34
48
52
67
52
67
55
28
57
68
21
23
38
33
40
48
52
54
38
51
80
43
63
55
49
57
88
89
94
61
64
42
75
100
44
76
109
68
105
151
NA
97
66
138
150
160
154
HV-2Ab
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
19
66
20
NA
NA
16
20
32
34
37
51
NA
66
46
32
55
61
27
33
48
25
43
NA
54
56
47
39
72
38
57
63
53
56
76
NA
92
NA
63
NA
78
89
85
NA
111
52
101
91
91
NA
88
131
NA
167
167
HV-3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
14
5
NA
NA
NA
35
10
5
13
20
34
49
NA
34
NA
38
9
45
54
10
4
18
56
71
80
84
NA
11
15
NA
3
100
19
8
10
41
41
45
11
12
14
26
45
33
19
52
6
43
126
20
23
13
23
24
29
12
Maximum0
_
51
54
73
17
8
23
70
22
35
21
17
27
34
48
52
67
52
67
55
32
57
68
37
33
48
56
71
80
84
56
47
51
80
43
100
63
53
57
88
89
94
61
64
68
78
100
85
76
111
68
105
151
91
97
38
138
150
167
167
Maxnetd
~
_
0
0
0
3
4
4
4
6
6
11
12
14
14
14
16
16
18
20
21
23
23
25
27
30
30
31
31
32
32
34
36
36
37
40
43
44
45
47
47
48
49
50
52
54
54
55
56
57
59
62
62
67
72
74
79
116
126
138
155
Collocated instruments were operated at the same station.
*• Maximum concentration observed on date indicated.
Maximum minus minimum (i
.e., net) concentration on date
indicated.
2-15
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To Wyoming Sfl 59
t
N
Figure 2-6. Locations of existing air quality monitoring stations at the Cordero mine.
2-16
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The most important points to note about the data are the following:
1. All but one of both the 10 highest net and 10 highest absolute concentrations
were measured at site HV-2.
2. Most of the 10 highest net concentrations occurred on days with a background
(i.e., minimum) concentration not substantially higher than the annual average
background (28.5 ± 18.8 on an arithmetic average, 22.0 * 2.22 on a geometric
averaging basis). In fact, only one day in the 10 highest net concentration days
is associated with a background concentration higher than Wyoming's secondary
TSP standard.
3. The highest net concentration days for Cordero occur mostly during the winter
months.
It should be noted that since 1989 the major mining operations at Cordero have
changed dramatically. That is to say, most of Cordero's activity now occurs in the
north pit rather than the south pit, and the amount of overburden truck haulage is now
substantially lower because of the dragline which became operational about
October 1, 1992.
2.2.2 Wind Frequency Analysis
A wind frequency (wind rose) analysis was also conducted using hourly average
wind speed and direction data as measured by the Cordero meteorological monitoring
station. Wind data for spring (April-May) and early summer (June-July) were
compiled for the years 1990, 1991, and 1992. Frequencies were developed for
16 wind direction categories (N, NNE, NE, etc.), 2 wind speed categories (< 15 mph
and > 15 mph), and 2 diurnal categories (Day: 6 a.m. - 6 p.m. and Night: 6 p.m. -
6 a.m.). Table 2-4 presents the combined results for spring and early summer.
2-17
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TABLE 2-4. WIND FREQUENCY ANALYSIS FOR CORDERO COAL MINE:
APRIL-JULY, 1990-1992
Frequency (%
Daytime3
Nighttime
Wind
direction
N
NNE
NE
ENE
E
ESE
SE
SSE
S
SSW
SW
WSW
W
WNW
NW
NNW
Total
Low wind
speeds0
3.6
2.1
1.2
0.6
0.7
0.6
2.0
4.8
3.1
2.0
1.5
1.7
1.8
2.3
2.8
4.7
35.3
High wind
speeds"
1.3
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
1.4
3.0
0.6
0.6
1.1
0.8
0.4
0.5
2.0
2.8
14.8
Low wind
speeds0
2.4
2.6
1.6
1.5
1.0
0.9
2.6
7.6
4.7
1.7
1.3
1.3
1.6
3.1
3.9
3.8
41.7
High wind
speeds"
0.7
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
1.2
2.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.8
1.4
8.2
Total
8.1
5.3
3.0
2.1
1.9
1.7
7.2
17.7
8.5
4.4
4.2
3.9
3.8
6.0
9.4
12.8
100.0
15 mph or 7.2 m/s.
As shown in Table 2-4, winds from the SE, SSE, and S dominate the overall
flow, accounting for approximately 33% of the observed winds. An almost equally
frequent wind regime includes winds from the NW, NNW, and N, accounting for about
30% of the winds. It should be noted that these directions are aligned with the long
axis of the Powder River Basin and probably reflect channeled and diurnal
up-valley/down-valley flows. Winds generally from the SW, WSW, W, and WNW
represent the next most frequent regime and may be associated with strong westerly
flow aloft. The least frequent wind directions are NE, ENE, E, and ESE.
2-18
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Strong winds (hourly average greater than 15 mph) occur about a quarter of the
time during April-July. These stronger flows tend to come from the SSE at night and
from the SSE, NW, or NNW during the day.
2.2.3 Siting Criteria
2.2.3.1 Air Quality-
The design of an atmospheric monitoring network is highly dependent on the
end use of monitoring data. Thus, it was important to clearly identify the objectives of
the monitoring program prior to network design and operation. In order to identify
objectives of the particulate monitoring program, the study team reviewed the overall
program goals and the issues identified at an August 31, 1992, planning meeting in
Casper, Wyoming. From this review, the following overall objectives for the particulate
monitoring study were identified:
1. Develop a high quality particulate air quality data base for use in modeling of coal
mine fugitive dust sources with ISC or other applicable dispersion models.
2. Develop particulate air quality data for evaluating time-resolved fugitive dust
emissions and air quality impacts associated with coal mine fugitive dust sources.
3. Develop particulate air quality data for evaluating "fence line" air quality impacts,
both specific to the Cordero coal mine and those that could be expected to occur
at other western surface coal mines.
In particular, the monitoring study was to focus on characterizing air quality impacts
associated with fugitive dust emissions from the north and south pits at the Cordero
coal mine (Figure 2-6 shown previously).
2-19
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The following instrumentation was available for use in meeting Objectives 1
through 3 above:
• Three existing monitoring stations, two with TSP and PM-10 monitors and the third
(a background station) with a TSP monitor owned by the Cordero Mining Company.
• At least six sets of additional standard TSP and PM-10 reference samplers owned
and operated by the study team.
• One continuous PM-10 monitor (a back-up to aid in potential future analyses),
owned and operated by the study team.
The TSP and PM-10 monitors owned and operated by Cordero Mining
Company were operational and sited at permanent locations dictated by regulatory
permit requirements. These stations were not subject to relocation for the purpose of
the current study.
To meet Objectives 1 and 3, the following general criteria were used for siting
the other six permanent monitoring stations for TSP and PM-10:
1. Site samplers at locations fully exposed to ambient winds (i.e., at or above the
surrounding topography) and at distances typically encountered between sources
and permit boundaries at western surface coal mines.
2. Site samplers at locations where 24-h PM-10 maximums might occur but do not
show in existing monitoring results (due to monitoring network gaps), based on
evaluations of available data.
2-20
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3. Site samplers at locations "downwind" of major sources during conditions
expected to produce maximum 24-h PM-10 concentrations, based on a review of
s
area climatology.
4. Collocate two sets of standard TSP/PM-10 samplers at one or more sites.
5. Site samplers at locations where reliable AC power exists or can be reasonably
provided.
6. Site samplers at locations where access will reasonably ensure that sampler
maintenance and change-out can be conducted safely and on schedule.
In order to address Objective 2, the following criteria were used to site the
continuous PM-10 monitor:
1. Site monitor along a vector "downwind" of major sources during conditions
expected to produce maximum 24-h PM-10 concentrations, based on a review of
historical particulate monitoring data and area climatology.
2. Site the monitor to characterize typical ambient air quality near western surface
coal mines (not focusing just on the specific permit boundaries at Cordero coal
mine).
3. Collocate the continuous particulate monitor with TSP/PM-10 reference samplers.
4. Site the monitor as close to major sources as practical.
5. Place the monitor at a location where reliable AC power exists or can be
reasonably provided.
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6. Place the monitor at a location where access will reasonably ensure that sampler
maintenance and change-out can be conducted safely and on schedule.
Each of the air monitoring stations was intended to collect data representative
of specific conditions relative to ambient winds and source activity. The stations were
also configured to meet the specific siting criteria for air quality and meteorological
monitors published in the EPA document entitled Ambient Monitoring Guidelines for
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (EPA-450/4-87-007).
2.2.3.2 Meteorology-
After review of the same information listed in Section 2.2.3.1 above, the
following objectives were identified for the meteorological monitoring to be performed
in the program:
1. Provide meteorological data to assist in characterizing fugitive dust sources and
associated dispersion phenomena in mine operating areas.
2. As a secondary objective, provide meteorological data to support EPA's in-house
evaluation of pit retention processes.
The following instrumentation was available for use in meeting the above
objectives:
• One existing meteorological monitoring station, owned and operated by the Cordero
Mining Company.
• One supplementary meteorological monitoring station, owned and operated by the
study team.
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The Cordero meteorological station was operational and was sited at a
permanent location dictated by regulatory permit requirements. This station is
designated as the regional meteorological station and is appropriately sited for
generating representative data that can be used for model evaluation.
In order to meet Objective 2 above, the following criteria were used to locate
the supplementary meteorological monitoring station:
1. Locate the supplementary meteorological station within an operational open pit
(i.e., an "in-pit" station).
2. Place the in-pit meteorological station at a location where access will reasonably
ensure that station maintenance and change-out can be conducted safely, on
schedule, and at a reasonable cost.
All of the above criteria were used for the planning of in-pit meteorological monitoring
in the study as discussed below.
2.3 LOCATION AND PURPOSE OF MONITORING STATIONS
2.3.1 Ambient Air Quality
The results of the preliminary siting analysis (Section 2.2) were used to locate
each of the air monitoring sites used in the study. The following describes the location
and instrumentation of each permanent monitoring station in and around the Cordero
Coal Mine.
Ambient air quality monitors for both TSP and PM-10 were installed at nine
permanent monitoring sites in and around the Cordero coal mine. Each station was
equipped with an elevated platform and sufficient AC electric power (installed by a
2-23
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certified electrical contractor) to support at least one (1) standard high volume air
sampler for TSP and one (1) PM-10 reference sampler equipped with an inlet
manufactured by Wedding and Associates. An additional instrument was also added
at one of the stations (MRI 6) to provide supplementary data on time-resolved (i.e.,
hourly) PM-10 concentration.
The locations of the nine primary ambient air quality monitoring sites are shown
in Figure 2-7 along with the specific instrumentation permanently installed at each
station. All of the sites but one are on Cordero property, and most lie within the
permit boundary for mining activity. Figure 2-7 also shows each monitoring site in
relation to a corridor representing prevailing winds expected during the study period
(see Section 2.2.2).
The following paragraphs describe the location of each monitoring site, its
instrumentation, and overall purpose in the study design. Details of the individual
instruments used at each monitoring site are described in Section 3.1 of this
document.
Cordero Site HV-1. HV-1 is an existing monitoring site operated by the Cordero
Mining Company. This site, located on a grassy hill approximately 1,100 ft (335 m)
southwest of the intersection of Hi-Light Road and T-7 Road, is normally equipped
with a single high-volume air sampler for TSP. The site also is equipped with a 10-m
meteorological tower and associated instrumentation for monitoring regional
conditions. MRI also installed and operated a PM-10 reference sampler at HV-1
during the course of the monitoring program and provided a volumetric (orifice) flow
controller for the existing TSP sampler.
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HV-r
Fi9Ure 2,?
-------
Site HV-1 was intended to monitor "background" (i.e., non-impacted) TSP
concentration for the Cordero mine. A substantial amount of historical air quality
information exists for the site. However, meteorological monitoring data are limited to
about 12 months, since the instruments were relocated to this site last November.
Cordero Site HV-2/HV-2a. HV-2 is a second monitoring site owned and
operated by the Cordero Mining Company. The station is located on elevated terrain
approximately 400 ft (120 m) southeast of the T-7 Road overpass across the
Burlington-Northern railroad right-of-way. Instrumentation at HV-2 consists of a set of
TSP and PM-10 reference samplers. A second set of TSP and PM-10 reference
samplers is collocated at the same site; the collocated instruments are assigned a site
designation HV-2a. No change in instrumentation was made at the HV-2 site during
the study period except for the substitution of volumetric flow controllers on the two
TSP samplers.
For the historical time period analyzed (see Section 2.2.1), the highest ambient
concentrations of TSP and PM-10 were regularly observed at Site HV-2. The site can
be impacted by emissions from the north pit and haul road under northwesterly wind
conditions, the processing plant with winds from the west, or the south pit and haul
road under southwest winds. A large body of monitoring data is available for this site.
Cordero Site HV-3. HV-3 is the last of the three monitoring sites operated by
the Cordero Mining Company. It is located on high ground approximately 2,000 ft
(600 m) directly south of the south pit. The site is equipped with a TSP reference
sampler and a PM-10 reference sampler. No changes in instrumentation were made
for the current study except for the addition of a volumetric flow controller to the TSP
sampler.
Although HV-3 is influenced by emissions from the entire mine under northerly
winds, it is especially impacted by operations associated with the south pit. (Note that
only about 30% or less of the total coal typically is mined from the south pit.) If winds
2-26
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are from the south, HV-3 acts as a "background" monitoring station for the mine with
no nearby emission sources located upwind.
MRI Site No. 1. MRI Site No. 1 was located at the mine permit boundary
approximately 2,000 ft (600 m) north-northwest of the south pit. The site was
positioned in a naturally vegetated area which could be accessed from a previously
stripped (but stable) section of the mine. No major, long-term activity was anticipated
for the stripped area during the study period.
MRI Site No. 1 was equipped with TSP and PM-10 reference instruments.
Power to the site was supplied by a propane-fueled, portable power plant. The power
plant was located a substantial distance from the monitors to reduce the influence of
exhaust emissions on measured particulate concentrations.
MRI Site No. 1 could be impacted by south pit mining emissions during
prevailing winds from the south to southeast (see Figure 2-7). The monitors could,
however, be considered representative of "ambient" air quality at typical western
surface coal mines.
MRI Site No. 2. MRI Site No. 2 was located on a vegetated knoll approximately
500 ft (160 m) southwest of the scrap yard and 300 ft (90 m) west of the rail line.
Line power was installed at the site which was also provided with an elevated
sampling platform and a set of TSP and PM-10 reference samplers.
MRI Site No. 2 is potentially impacted by emissions from the north pit, north
haul road, and the upper portion of the south haul road during winds from the north to
northwest. Under southeasterly winds, the site would monitor background air quality
except for minor influences from coal train emissions along the rail line which was
located substantially above grade.
2-27
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MRI Site No. 3. MRI Site No. 3 was located on a hill approximately 500 ft
(160 m) almost immediately north of the mine Administration Building. This particular
location was the site of previous measurements performed at the Cordero mine and
was already equipped with adequate line power for operation of air sampling
instruments. A single set of TSP and PM-10 reference samplers were installed at the
site.
TSP and PM-10 concentrations measured at MRI Site No. 3 would be most
directly influenced by emissions from the truck dump during southerly wind conditions
and by scoria mining activities and the north pit/haul road during northwesterly winds.
MRI Site No. 4. MRI Site No. 4 was located approximately 2,000 ft (600 m)
north of T-7 Road and 1,800 ft (550 m) east of the north haul road. This was a new
site established near an inactive oil well located close to the old county road. Line
power was installed at Site No. 4 along with a set of TSP and PM-10 reference
samplers.
The purpose of MRI Site No. 4 was to monitor emissions from the north pit and
haul road under northwesterly winds. Under southerly winds, the site would be
influenced by emissions from the truck dump and the adjacent portions of the north
and south haul roads.
MRI Site No. 5. MRI Site No. 5 was located in a relatively flat, naturally
vegetated area approximately 1 mi (1.6 km) northwest of the working section of the
north pit near the mine permit boundary. MRI Site No. 5 was the location of a
previous air quality and meteorological monitoring site operated by the Cordero Mining
Company and has available line power. The 10-m meteorological tower and
associated instrumentation originally located at MRI Site No. 5 were moved to Cordero
Site HV-1 in the fall of 1992. Site No. 5 was reactivated and equipped with a set of
TSP and PM-10 reference samplers.
2-28
-------
MRI Site No. 5 would be impacted primarily by emissions from mining and
stripping operations in the north pit under prevailing southeasterly winds. However,
under north wind conditions, the site would be impacted by emissions from an
adjacent mine to the north (i.e., the Caballo Rojo Mine), attendant to the selection of
the Cordero Mine as the test site.
MRI Site No. 6. MRI Site No. 6 was located on the property of the Caballo
Rojo (C-R) coal mine 1,200 ft (390 m) north of the old T-7 Road right-of-way and 300
ft (100 m) east of the C-R mine access road. The site was equipped with TSP and
PM-10 reference samplers and a continuous PM-10 monitor. Line power was installed
at the site for operation of the monitoring equipment.
The purpose of MRI Site No. 6 was to monitor north pit emissions under
prevailing southerly winds and as such should be the most highly impacted of the nine
permanent stations. However, under north wind conditions, the site would be
impacted by emissions from an adjacent mine to the north (i.e., the Caballo Rojo
Mine).
Table 2-5 provides the location of the nine monitoring sites described above,
along with identifying information for the instruments located at each site. The site
locations were estimated from aerial photographs of the mine using the State of
Wyoming coordinate system.
2.3.2 Meteorology
Regional meteorology was characterized at a single location (Cordero Site
HV-1) during the study period. This site was already equipped with a 10-m tower and
associated meteorological instruments which meet the criteria specified by EPA in the
document entitled On-Site Meteorological Program Guidance for Regulatory Modeling
Applications (EPA-450/4-87-013). The station collected data that are representative of
2-29
-------
TABLE 2-5. MONITORING STATION PARAMETERS3
Station location0
Station ID
number
MRI-1
MRI-2
MRI-3
MRI-4
MRI-5
MRI-6
HV-1f
HV-2f
f
HV-2aT
HV-3f
Northing
(ft)
1,213,500
1,223,000
1,227,470
1,230,330
1 ,234,500
1,237,470
1,228,155
1,226,750
1 ,226,750
1,207,825
Easting
(ft)
449,900
453,130
454,930
455,260
446,420
448,900
442,246
458,175
458,175
451 ,820
Parameter
measured
TSP
PM-10
TSP
PM-10
TSP
PM-10
TSP
PM-10
TSP
PM-10
TSP
PM-10
Continuous
PM-10
TSP
PM-10
TSP
PM-10
TSP
PM-10
TSP
PM-10
Sampler or
orifice
number
68
67
75
024093 1600U
71
0240931 599U
70
024093 1598U
77
74
73
76
140A-213
69
0240921 424U
66
0440901 140U
72
04409011 41 U
78
0940921 51 5U
Sampler inlet
height9
feet
9.0
11.3
8.8
11.4
8.8
11.6
8.9
11.5
9.0
11.4
9.0
11.4
11
11.9
14.7
12.1
14.4
12.1
14.4
12.2
15.0
meters
2.7
3.4
2.7
3.5
2.7
3.5
2.7
3.5
2.7
3.5
2.7
3.5
3.4
3.6
4.5
3.7
4.4
3.7
4.4
3.7
4.6
Comments
Samplers powered by
portable generator
TEOM® instrument
HV-2 and HV-2a are
two sets of collocated
instruments.
a Instrumentation discussed in Section 3 of this report.
° See Figure 2-7 for relative location of monitoring stations.
c Station location estimated from aerial photos of the mine and the surrounding area using the State
of Wyoming coordinate system.
d A two-digit number for a TSP sampler indicates a standard sampler retrofitted with a Sierra-
Andersen critical orifice flow controller. A two-digit number for PM-10 indicates a standard hi-vol
retrofitted with a Wedding inlet head and Sierra-Andersen critical orifice flow controller. A 10-digit
number for PM-10 indicates a commercial PM-10 sampler and associated critical orifice flow
controller purchased as a complete unit from Wedding and Associates.
8 Height above grade.
* All TSP samplers owned by the Cordero Mining Company were retrofitted with a Sierra-Andersen
critical orifice flow controller for the purpose of this study.
2-30
-------
the atmospheric boundary layer near and beyond the Cordero mine and are directly
applicable to model implementation. Specific parameters monitored at the station
included wind direction, standard deviation of wind direction (
-------
Therefore, the in-pit meteorological station was installed and operated in the
south pit (Figure 2-7) where a permanent location could be found. The geometry of
the south pit is indicative of a typical truck-shovel operation.
2.4 SOURCE ACTIVITY MONITORING
Throughout the monitoring program, MRI field crew personnel collected
information about mining operations that can affect emissions. Because past
inventories have found that the movement of coal and overburden typically accounts
for half to roughly 70% of total TSP estimated to be emitted from surface coal mines,
particular attention was paid to the following operations:
• Dragline transfer of overburden
• Haul truck transport of coal and overburden (from which the amount loaded using
shovels and unloaded by dumping can be inferred)
The following operations were also monitored:
• Watering of coal and overburden travel routes to control dust emissions
• Scraper transport of topsoil and scoria
• Miscellaneous medium and light duty traffic on haul and access roads
In addition, on days when blasting of coal and overburden occurred, these events
were noted as to the time of occurrence. Finally, during continuous videotaping of the
truck dump at the coal processing area, train loading activities were captured (on film)
in the background, for possible future incorporation in the data base.
Although not directly observed, bulldozing was associated with the loading of
haul trucks. Also, wind erosion was considered to be restricted to haul roads and
active surfaces found in truck loading areas; its occurrence under high wind conditions
2-32
-------
was monitored indirectly by the continuous recording of wind speed at the primary
meteorological station. Hourly averages of the wind speed were incorporated into the
monitoring data base.
A grid scheme based on the Wyoming state coordinate system was used in this
study to locate emission sources within the mine. The dragline location during each
work shift was referenced to the nearest quadrant of a 1,000-ft x 1,000-ft (305-m x
305-m) grid cell. The major roads were stylized and segmented with the endpoints
and length of each segment identified. Figure 2-8 shows the active roads for the
mine; Figures 2-9 and 2-10 show roads and the grid system for the north pit and south
pit, respectively.
Roads A, F, and G are ramps (see Figure 2-11) out of the north pit coal mining
areas. Roads B and C are north pit access roads mainly traveled by light-to-medium-
duty vehicles. Roads D and E serve as the main north pit overburden haul route.
In the south pit, road T is the coal ramp (see Figure 2-11), and roads V and X
the overburden haul route. No traffic was observed on roads U and Y. Roads M and
Z are the main haul roads to the coal hoppers from the north and south pits,
respectively. The "last" (i.e., northwesternmost) segment of roads A, F, and G slope
down to the pit. All other roads and segments in Figure 2-8 are at a grade.
2.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN
The air monitoring conducted in the field study was performed in accordance
with standard EPA protocols for the routine monitoring of particulate ambient air
quality and meteorology. Where standard EPA protocols were not available (e.g., the
continuous PM-10 instrument), the recommendations provided by the instrument
manufacturer in the operating manual were used.
2-33
-------
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
HV1
• •«
a
o
z
-1000
-2000
-3000 -
-4000 -
-5000 -
r r
MRI6
MRIS
HV2, 2a
MRI1 /
*~A
I I I I HV11 i i i
-3000 -2000
•1000 0
EASTING
(m)
1000
Figure 2-8. Designations for active haul and access roads at the Cordero mine.
2-34
-------
1237
1230
1229
448 449 450 451 452 453? 454
Easting
(1000s ft)
Figure 2-9. North pit roads.
2-35
-------
1215
1214
1213
£ o
t: o
oo
1212
1211
1210
450
451
452
Easting
(1000s ft)
Figure 2-10. South pit roads.
2-36
-------
5000 r
4000
3000
2000
1000
HV1
9 +
a
-1000
-2000
-3000
-4000
-5000
i i i i
i r
MRI6
•
MRI5
•
ramp
down from
grade to coal
loading areas
MRI1
MR 14
MR 13
MRI2
j i
j I
HV2.2a
•
-3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000
EASTING
(m)
Figure 2-11. Haul road ramps from grade to pit floor.
2-37
-------
To ensure the quality of the data collected, a 16-point quality assurance project
plan (QAPjP) was prepared for the field monitoring activities. This QAPjP was
prepared in accordance with the EPA document entitled Quality Assurance Project
Plans for Environmental Data Operations (EPA QA/R-5) and included in the Study
Plan for the program dated April 12, 1993. The QAPjP was reviewed and approved
by the Work Assignment Manager prior to initiation of air sampling. In addition,
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for filter weighing (SOP No. EET-610) and
operation of the Wedding and Associates PM-10 sampling (SOP No. EET-640) were
also included in the Study Plan as part of the quality assurance activities for the
program.
The data quality objectives (DQOs) established in the QAPjP for critical field
measurements are listed in Table 2-6. In addition, requirements for instrument
calibration and corrective action were also specified in the QAPjP. These
requirements are shown in Table 2-7.
2-38
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TABLE 2-6. DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES FOR CRITICAL MEASUREMENTS
Critical parameter-
equipment
Flow-TSPandPM-10
samplers3
Mass-analytical balance3
Time-elapsed time
meter3
Wind direction13
Accuracy or
resolution
±7%, using an audit
flow rate device
±0.5 mg, using
Class S weights
±2 min/day, using an
accurate timepiece
±1 degree
Precision or
response
Collocated:
15% RPSD
NA
NA
Starting speed:
Completeness
99%
90%
99%
90%
< 0.5 m/s at
10% deflection
Damping ratio:
0.4-0.7; delay
distance < 5 m
Wind direction"
(standard deviation)
Wind speed
Temperatureb
Precipitation15
±1 degree
±0.1 m/s
±0.1 °C
±0.3 mm
Same as wind
direction above
< 0.5 m/s; distance
constant < 5 m
< 1 min
NA
90%
90%
90%
90%
3 Requirements are from the Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution
Measurement Systems, EPA-600/4-77-027, May 1977, Revised January 1983,
January 1990.
* TSP Flow/Mass/Time: "Reference Method for the Determination of Suspended
Particulates in the Atmosphere (High Volume Method)," Volume II, Section 2.2,
January 1983.
* PM-10 Flow/Mass/Time: "Reference Method for the Determination of Particulate
Matter as PM-10 in the Atmosphere (High Volume PM-10 Sampler Method)," Volume
II, Section 2.11, January 1990.
Per Section 5 of "On-Site Meteorological Program Guidance for Regulatory Model
Applications," EPA-450/4-87-013, 1987.
2-39
-------
TABLE 2-7. SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY AND REQUIREMENTS FOR CRITICAL EQUIPMENT3
Equipment
Sampler-
TSP or PM-10
Analytical Balance
Relative Humidity
Indicator
On-Off Timer
Elapsed Time Meter
Flow Rate Transfer
Device (Orifice)
Wind Speed
Anemometer
Wind Direction Vane
Wind Direction-
Standard Deviation
Temperature-
transducer
Precipitation
Signal conditioners
Analog recorders
Method(s)b
A (TSP)
B and EET-
640 (PM-10)
A& B
EET-610
A&B
A&B
A&B
A&B
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Calibration
criteria
±4% (TSP)
±5% (PM-10)
±0.5 mg
±6% RH
±30 min/24 h
±2 min/24 h
±2%
±0.2 m/s and
5% of observed
±5 degrees
±5 degrees
±0.5°C
±10% of
observed
Zero and span
voltage
Zero and span
Calibration frequency and standard
Upon installation at she, after monthly maintenance, and at end of
study with certified transfer flow device (if audit shows ±7%)
Upon installation, after maintenance, and throughout sample
weighing with Class S weights
Upon receipt and every 6 mo with wet-bulb/dry bulb psychrometer
Upon receipt and monthly during sampling with elapsed time
meter
Upon receipt and every 6 mo with standard timepiece
Upon receipt and each calendar year with positive displacement
standard volume meter (replace or recalibrate prifice unit if
damage is evident)
Every 6 mo at Cordero station and upon installation and after
every move for in-pit station using NIST-traceable standards
Same as wind speed
Same as wind direction
Same as wind speed
Every 6 mo using NIST-traceable standard
Before and after sampling using NIST-traceable voltmeter
Before and after sampling using NIST-traceable voltmeter and
Corrective action
Recalibrate
Repair or recalibrate
Adjust or repair
Adjust or replace
Adjust or replace
Adapt new
calibration curve
Adjust or replace
Adjust or replace
Adjust or replace
Adjust or replace
Adjust or replace
Repair or replace
Repair or replace
voltage + clock timepiece
speed
-------
TABLE 2-7 (Continued)
Equipment
Digital recorders
Calibration
Method(s) criteria
C Zero and span
voltage + clock
speed
Calibration frequency and standard
Same as analog recorders
Corrective action
Repair or replace
a NA = Not Applicable
b Operation, calibration, and maintenance procedures and requirements for critical and ancillary
equipment are in the methods cited. The actual procedures for TSP and PM-10 are from
the Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems, EPA-600/4-77-027, May 1977,
Revised January 1983, and January 1990 as follows:
A TSP Flow/Mass/Time: Reference Method for the Determination of Suspended Particulates
in the Atmosphere (High Volume Method), Volume II, Section 2.2, January 1983.
B PM-10 Flow/Mass/Time: Reference Method for the Determination of Particulate Matter as
PM-10 in the Atmosphere (High Volume PM-10 Sampler Method), Volume II, Section 2.11,
January 1990.
Meteorological measurements (Method C) are from Section 5, "On-Site Meteorological
Program Guidance for Regulatory Modeling Applications," EPA-450/4-87-013, 1987.
The procedures listed below are from the department system.
EET-610 Filter Weighing
EET-640 Operating Instructions for Wedding and Associates PMin Sampler
In addition, the Series 1400a PM-10 Monitor will be operated, calibrated, and maintained
in accordance with its operating manual, dated February 1993.
-------
SECTION 3
FIELD ACTIVITIES
The field study was initiated in May 1993 and consisted of two phases. Upon
arrival on-site, the first 2 weeks were devoted to a "check-out" phase used to install
and calibrate the monitoring equipment, review proper sampling and safety protocols
with staff, and perform preliminary measurements. The check-out phase was also
used to resolve logistical problems associated with the installation of power, access to
monitoring sites, source activity monitoring, etc.
Once the check-out phase was completed and routine monitoring well
established, the intensive monitoring phase of the program began on May 19. During
this phase of the program, 24-h (midnight to midnight) samples were collected on a
1-day-in-2 schedule. Intensive monitoring was performed for 30 sampling periods
spanning an overall time frame of about 60 days. Applicable quality assurance
activities were also performed on a routine basis during both phases of the study.
The following sections describe the various activities involved in operation of the
air monitoring network at the Cordero coal mine including: the instruments and
methods used; the monitoring schedule followed; and the steps taken to quality
control/quality assure the data collected. Also shown are sample data forms used by
MRI personnel for recording information on sampler operation, source activity, etc.
3-1
-------
3.1 INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS
The following instruments and methods were used in the field study at the
Cordero mine.
3.1.1 TSP and PM-10 Monitoring
Three basic types of paniculate air quality monitoring instruments were used in
the study. These included both TSP and PM-10 reference instruments as well as a
continuous PM-10 monitor. Each instrument is described briefly below.
3.1.1.1 TSP and PM-10 Reference Samplers--
Time-integrated instruments were used for the determination of both total
suspended particulate (TSP) matter and PM-10 (particles < 10 microns in aerodynamic
diameter) during the study. These instruments comply with the requirements of the
EPA reference method for the determination of particulate ambient air quality and
provide time-integrated values of both parameters over a 24-h sampling period. Each
sampler type is described below.
High Volume Air Sampler. The basic instrument used for the determination of
TSP in the program was a conventional high volume air sampler equipped with a
critical orifice flow controller, on/off timer, and elapsed time meter (Figure 3-1). The
High-Volume Method specified in 40 CFR Part 50, Appendix B (December 6, 1982)
was followed during all sample collection activities.
Although the particle separation characteristics of the high volume sampler are
highly wind dependent, the sampler inlet has a reported cut-point (i.e., particle size
representing 50% collection efficiency) somewhere between 25 and 50 (im in
aerodynamic diameter under nominal operating conditions.
3-2
-------
Figure 3-1. Diagram of a high-volume air sampler for TSP.
3-3
-------
During operation of the high volume air sampler, ambient air at 1.1 to
q
1.7 m /min is drawn into the sampler through an opening located between the body
and roof of the unit. After entering the sampler, the direction of air flow is reversed to
pass downward through a 8 x 10 in (20.3 x 25.4 cm) filter and blower located beneath
the roof. An on/off timer and elapsed time meter are supplied with the sampler to start
and stop the instrument and record its run time. A volumetric (orifice) flow controller is
the most reliable device to maintain constant flow during sampling and was used in
the study.
The high volume samplers (hi-vols) used in the study were operated,
maintained, and calibrated in a manner consistent with the guidelines published in
Section 2.2 of the EPA document entitled Quality Assurance Handbook for Air
Pollution Measurement Systems, Volume II, Ambient Specific Methods (EPA-600/4-77-
027a), dated January 1983.
Wedding PM-10 Reference Sampler. For the determination of PM-10, the high
volume sampler manufactured by Wedding and Associates (or a standard hi-vol
retrofitted with a Wedding inlet) was used. This sampler (Figure 3-2) meets the
requirements of 40 CFR Part 50, Appendix J, and has been certified in a wind tunnel
under 40 CFR Part 53(2). As such, the unit is designated as a reference sampler for
use in routine monitoring of PM-10 in ambient air.
The Wedding high volume PM-10 sampler consists of two basic components:
an inertial particle sizing inlet; and a constant flow control system. An omnidirectional
cyclonic inlet (Figure 3-3) provides for the inertial classification of PM-10 size particles.
At the inlet to the sampler, an angular velocity is first imparted to the particle-laden
airstream (-1.13 rrr/min) by a set of evenly spaced vanes. The larger particles are
3-4
-------
-CTITICAL oev«e
TMHOAT
ILOWC* INLCT
I SlOt CXHAU9T
Figure 3-2. Schematic of the Wedding high volume PM-10 sampler.
3-5
-------
MAINTENANCE ACCESS PORT
PERFECT
ABSORBER
NO-BOUNCE
SURFACE
HOUSING-DEFLECTOR
SPACING
VANES
VANE
ASSEMBLY
BASE
INSECT
SCREEN
PROTECTIVE
HOUSING
AERODYNAMIC
INLET
PATHWAY
AERODYNAMIC FLOW
DEFLECTOR
OUTER TUBE
Figure 3-3. Diagram of Wedding cyclonic inlet.
3-6
-------
then collected on the surface of an inner tube coated with oil ("perfect absorber no-
bounce surface"). Next, suspended particles > PM-10 remaining in the airstream are
inertially removed in the middle and outer tubes, respectively, by two reversals in flow
direction. The PM-10 exiting the inlet head is then collected on a 8 x 10 in (20.3 x
25.4 cm) micro quartz filter located downstream of the sizing head.
Since inertial particle sizing is used on PM-10 reference samplers, a constant
flow must be maintained at all times to ensure a consistent PM-10 cut-point. To
maintain a constant flow in the Wedding sampler, a choked-flow venturi operated at
sonic velocity (i.e., critical orifice) is used. In this "choked" mode, a constant volu-
metric flow is maintained and is essentially unaffected by downstream conditions such
as motor speed or exit pressure. The flow rate is a predictable function of upstream
conditions such as stagnation pressure ratio and temperature. No adjustment of this
device is needed to provide a consistent flow rate through the sampler.
The Wedding PM-10 reference samplers used in the study were operated,
maintained, and calibrated in a manner consistent with the guidelines published in
Section 2.11 of the EPA report entitled Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution
Measurement Systems, Volume II, Ambient Specific Methods (EPA-600/4-77-027a),
dated January 1990, and MRI SOP EET 640.
3.1.1.2 Continuous PM-10 Monitoring-
The final particulate monitoring instrument used in the study was the TEOM®
Series 1400a Ambient Particulate (PM-10) Monitor (Figure 3-4) produced by the
Rupprecht and Patashnick (R&P) Company of Albany, New York. This instrument was
used for the continuous (i.e., near real time) monitoring of PM-10 concentration at MRI
Site No. 6. The TEOM® Series 1400a was certified on December 9, 1990, as an
equivalent method for the determination of PM-10 in ambient air and carries EPA
Designation No. EQPM-1090-079.
3-7
-------
PM-10 Inlet
Control Unit
Air Conditioner
19-inch Rack for
Additional Hardware
Sample Pump
t
Sample Tube
Seal Collar
Sensor Unit
Figure 3-4. Diagram of TEOM® Series 1400a particulate monitor
in all-weather enclosure.
3-8
-------
During sampling, ambient air at 0.0167 m3/min (16.7 L/min) first passes through
the single-jet inertial impactor which provides a PM-10 size cut for the entire flow
stream (Figure 3-5). Next, the flow is isokinetically split into two fractions. One flow
fraction (0.003 m3/min or 3 L/min), is directed to the instrument's mass transducer,
with the remaining fraction (0.0137 m3/min or 13.7 L/min) exhausted to the atmo-
sphere. To achieve a stable PM-10 cut-point in the inlet, a constant flow is maintained
through the instrument by a mass flow controller.
Inside the mass transducer, the 3 L/min sample stream first passes through a
Teflon-coated, borosilicate glass filter then through a hollow, vibrating tapered element
attached to the filter. The change in the natural frequency of the vibrating element
created by PM-10 collected on the filter is sensed by an electronic circuit. The
frequency change detected by the circuit over a 2-s period is used to determine the
amount of particulate deposited on the filter. The sample package includes software
to "smooth" the instantaneous (i.e., 2-s) mass readings for computing a total mass
value over the averaging period (usually 5 min). The difference between successive
readings is mathematically divided by the sample flow rate (corrected for temperature
and pressure) through the filter to obtain the PM-10 concentration for the period.
Average PM-10 concentrations can be obtained for time periods ranging from 30 min
to 24 h, as desired, which are stored electronically in internal memory. One-hour
averages were determined by the instrument during the program.
The Series 1400a was installed in a temperature-controlled environmental
chamber for use in the field. Appropriate calibration and maintenance activities were
also performed as part of the study according to the manual provided with the
instrument. A strip chart backup to the electronic data logger was also installed with
the instrument in the environmental chamber.
3-9
-------
Total System Flow Rate: 16.67 l/mln
PM-10 Inlet
Bypass
Flow Line
TEOM Filer
Air Tubes
(cable-tied)
Bypass Fine
Particle
Filter Assembly
In-line Filters
Row Splitter
Sample Tube
TEOM Sensor Unit
Mass Transducer
TEOM Control Unit
Main Flow
Controller (3 l/min)
Auxiliary Flow
Controller (13.67 l/mln)
Vacuum Pump
Figure 3-5. System flow diagram for TEOM® Series 1400a PM-10 monitor.
3-10
-------
3.1.2 Meteorological Monitoring
3.1.2.1 Regional Monitoring Station-
The field monitoring program utilized the existing meteorological monitoring
station located at Cordero Site HV-1 to monitor conditions representative of the facility
as a whole and the surrounding region. A contractor to the Cordero Mining Company
(Inter-Mountain Laboratories) continued to operate and maintain the station during the
field program as well as provide additional quality assurance activities, under
subcontract to MRI to ensure compliance with EPA quality assurance standards. The
station gathered meteorological data representative of the ambient surface boundary
layer within and beyond the facility property.
The regional monitoring station is located near the top of a grassy hill,
approximately 50 ft (16 m) to the east of the air quality monitor at Cordero Site HV-1
(Figure 3-6). The mine places Site HV-1 at Modified State Plane Coordinates
442246 ft easting, 1228155 ft northing. The primary meteorological monitoring station
was relocated to this site from MRI Site 5 in November 1992 at the request of the
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality.
All sensors at the primary meteorological monitoring station are capable of
operating unassisted under the environmental conditions shown in Table 3-1. The
data loggers and peripheral equipment are protected in a heated instrumentation shed.
The meteorological parameters monitored at the Cordero meteorological station
are shown in Table 3-2. All sensors are from the "Electronic Weather Station" series
by Climatronics, Inc. The sensors meet the requirements of the EPA publication
entitled On-Site Meteorological Program Guidance for Regulatory Modeling
Applications (EPA-450/4-87-013).
3-11
-------
Cordero Regional
Meteorological
Monitoring Station
0.5 Mile
LEGEND
Paved Road
Haul Road
Railroad
Building
I
Pit
\^^^^^^^^^^^^S^^^
Ixxxxxy/xxxxxxxx
Air Monitor
A
Meteorological
Monitor
Figure 3-6. Site of the primary meteorological monitoring station (HV-1) at the
Cordero coal mine.
3-12
-------
TABLE 3-1. ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING CONDITIONS FOR
METEOROLOGICAL MONITORING STATIONS
Parameters
Wind gust
Temperature
Relative humidity
Rainfall rate
Snow depth
Atmospheric pressure
Range
0-80 mph
-30to+110°F
Oto 100%
0 to 2 in/h
0 to 12 in
24.5 to 25.5 inHg
TABLE 3-2. METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND SENSORS AT THE
CORDERO METEOROLOGICAL MONITORING STATION
Parameter
Sensor model
and type
Height (above
ground level) Sensor
range
Wind direction
Wind speed
Temperature
Climatronics Wind Mark II
vinylclad vane/potentiom-
eter (P/N 100107)
Climatronics Wind Mark II
stainless steel 3-cup/
photochopper
(P/N 100160)
Climatronics precision
thermistor (P/N 100093)
Temperature shield Climatronics naturally
aspirated shield
(P/N 100552)
Precipitation
Climatronics 8 in heated
tipping bucket rain gage
10 m
10 m
10 m
10 m
Ground
0 to 540°
0 to 125 mph
-22 to +122°F
3-13
-------
The wind direction, wind speed, and temperature sensors are mounted on a
standard, fold-over 10-m meteorological tower. The tower is guyed, and all tower-
located sensors are mounted on booms or supports which meet the requirements and
recommendations of EPA-450/4-87-013. The rain gauge is enclosed within a
Wyoming-standard wind screen.
The regional meteorological monitoring station utilizes a Climatronics Electronic
Weather Station ("Green Box") data acquisition system. Translator cards and Rustrac
multiplexing strip chart are housed in a weather-resistant portable enclosure. A
translator is provided for each measured parameter, with an additional translator for
standard deviation of wind direction. The sensors are polled by the Climatronics
Electronic Weather Station at 1-s intervals.
A raw data feed is provided from the Climatronics Electronic Weather Station to
a Campbell Scientific CR21 Micrologger, which averages the meteorological
parameters over 1-h periods. Hourly averages for wind direction, wind speed,
temperature, and standard deviation of wind direction are transmitted to a standard
audio cassette recorder and stored on digital cassette tapes. No derived parameters
(e.g., maximum, minimum) are calculated or stored.
The data acquisition system is housed in a small building with sufficient bench
space for the operator to work protected from the weather. The building is electrically
heated. The data acquisition system is powered by 110 VAC electricity provided to
the site by overhead power lines. No battery back-up system is provided for the data
acquisition system. A station log is kept at the site, with an entry on each site visit.
3.1.2.2 In-pit Monitoring Station--
Quantitative measurements of meteorological conditions inside an operational
open pit were made at the Cordero mine using an in-pit station. MRI operated and
maintained the station sensors during the field program. A pretest calibration and
3-14
-------
post-test quality assurance audit provided by an independent contractor (Inter-
Mountain Laboratories) to ensure compliance with applicable quality assurance
standards published in the EPA documents entitled Quality Assurance Handbook for
Air Pollution Measurement Systems, Volume IV—Meteorological Measurements
(EPA-600/4-90/003) dated August 1989 and On-Site Meteorological Program
Guidance for Regulatory Modeling Applications (EPA-450/4-87-013). The station
gathered meteorological data representative of the unique surface boundary layer
within the pit geometry.
The in-pit meteorological station was located within the south pit of the Cordero
coal mine. Figure 3-6 shows the south pit in relation to other permanent
meteorological and air quality monitoring sites at the Cordero mine. The
meteorological parameters monitored at the in-pit meteorological station are shown in
Table 3-3.
All sensors, translators, data loggers, and peripheral equipment at the in-pit
meteorological station were capable of operating unassisted under the environmental
conditions shown previously in Table 3-1. The wind direction, wind speed, and
temperature sensors were sited on a standard fold-over 10-m tower mounted on a
trailer. The tower was guyed and all sensors mounted on booms or supports which
met the requirements and recommendations of EPA-450/4-87-013.
3-15
-------
TABLE 3-3. METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND SENSORS AT
THE IN-PIT METEOROLOGICAL STATION
Parameter
Wind direction
Wind speed
Temperature
Temperature shield
Temperature
Temperature Shield
Sensor model
and type
Climatronics Wind Mark III vinyl clad
vane/potentiometer (P/N 100107)
Climatronics Wind Mark III stainless
steel 3-cup/ photochopper (P/N
100160)
Climatronics precision thermistor
(P/N 100093)
Climatronics DC fan aspirated shield
(P/N 100325)
Climatronics precision thermistor
(P/N 100093)
Climatronics DC fan aspirated shield
(P/N 100325)
Height (above
ground level)
10 m
10 m
2m
2m
10 m
10 m
Sensor
range
0 to 540°
0 to 1 25 mph
-22 to 122°F
—
-22 to 122°F
—
The in-pit meteorological station utilized a Climatronics Corporation IMP-680
data logger for digital data acquisition. The data acquisition system was housed to
withstand direct, long-term exposure to the environmental conditions shown in
Table 3-1. The data acquisition system was mounted on the base of the trailer
supporting the tower.
The data acquisition system at the in-pit meteorological station converted the
signals from the sensors to engineering units, computed derived variables from the
primary data, then stored the information on magnetic media. The primary and
derived parameters monitored by the data acquisition system at the in-pit
meteorological station are shown in Table 3-4.
3-16
-------
TABLE 3-4. PRIMARY AND DERIVED PARAMETERS MONITORED
AT THE IN-PIT METEOROLOGICAL STATION
Derived parameters
Primary parameter
Wind direction
Wind speed
Temperature (2 m)
Temperature (10 m)
Delta temperature
Average
V
V
V
V
V
Maximum
V
V
V
V
V
Minimum
V
V
V
V
V
a
V
V
The data acquisition system polled the sensors at 1-s intervals and evaluated
the derived parameters over a 15-min averaging period. The systems also computed
and recorded the derived parameters, as indicated in Table 3-4, directly onto data
storage modules. The data were downloaded from the acquisition system and stored
on magnetic media using a portable, IBM-compatible computer. A strip chart backup
to the data acquisition system was also provided.
The in-pit meteorological station was self-powered and the sensors operated
from an internal battery. The battery was recharged by a 15-W solar panel. The
aspirators for the two temperature sensors were powered from an external, deep-cycle
marine battery. This battery was checked and replaced at regular intervals during the
course of the field program.
3.2 MONITORING SCHEDULE
The ambient air monitoring network was operated on an every 1 -day-in-2
schedule throughout the study period. Following this schedule, any particular day was
designated as either a "run" (or "on") day or an "off" day with each having a different
set of activities associated with it. The following sections describe these activities as
well as the forms used for data recording.
3-17
-------
3.2.1 "Run" Day Activities
During each day that the air monitors ran, the field crew conducted intensive
source activity monitoring coupled with the collection of road surface samples. Two
crew members worked overlapping 12-h shifts beginning at 0600 hours and ending at
0000 hours the next day. For safety, samples of road surface material were collected
during periods when two crew members were present on-site.
Source activity observations were manually recorded approximately three times
during each mine work shift. The data obtained in each observation period included:
traffic volumes and mixes on each major haul road; dragline cycles; and coal
production rates. All source activity data were recorded on special forms provided for
this purpose. Further details of the source activity monitoring conducted in the
program can be found in Section 3.3 of this report.
One set of road surface material samples were also obtained during each run
day to determine surface moisture content. This involved the collection of 10
individual grab samples at random locations (10- x 10-in areas) across the width of the
road using a brush and pan. These samples were usually collected from roads having
the most activity and thus of greatest interest. The individual grab samples were
combined and subsequently oven-dried for a 24-h period. The methods used for
collection and analysis of road surface samples are those recommended by the U.S.
EPA (1985). The surface moisture data collected in this manner were archived for
possible future use.
Finally, during each run day exposed filters from the prior run were also
recovered and stored. This activity involved logging the filters back into the field
laboratory, removing the exposed media from the filter cassettes, preparing the
exposed filters for transport back to MRI's main laboratory for gravimetric analysis,
and installing new filters in the cassettes. Standard data forms were used to
3-18
-------
document each filter change-out performed in the study. MRI Standard Operating
Procedure EET-640 was followed during filter setup and sample recovery.
3.2.2 "Off" Day Activities
During days when the monitoring network was not operated, the exposed filter
cassettes were collected from each TSP and PM-10 reference sampler and replaced
with cassettes containing clean filters. This procedure also included the collection of
filter pressure measurements, resetting of on/off timers, and the reading of elapsed
time meters. The following describes the filter changing procedures used.
Upon arriving at each monitoring site, filter cassettes containing unexposed
media were removed from their carrying box and taken to the sampling platform. At
each sampler, the unit was first activated for 1 to 3 min to warm up the motor and a
filter pressure reading taken using a previously zeroed digital manometer. The total
operating time was then obtained from the elapsed time meter connected to the
sampler blower. All information was recorded on the run sheet for the previous
monitoring period.
After collection of the final sampler operating data, the old filter cassette was
removed from the sampler and replaced with a new one. The sampler was then
activated for another 1 to 3 min and the filter pressure determined using the digital
manometer. The elapsed time meter was then read a second time and all data
recorded on the run sheet for the upcoming monitoring period. The on/off timer was
reset and the visit recorded in the station logbook. The same procedure was repeated
for the second sampler at each site.
After filter change-out, the two exposed filter cassettes were placed into their
respective carrying box for transport back to the field laboratory. Every effort was
taken to keep the filter cassettes clean during transport to and from the sampling sites.
3-19
-------
In the event of sampler malfunction, the problem was isolated and the
equipment replaced or repaired, as appropriate. Any problems observed during the
visit to each site were also recorded on the run sheet and/or the station log and
immediate corrective action taken.
Finally, after all sites were visited and the filters changed, additional road
surface sampling was conducted. This activity involved taking a broom swept sample
of the surface material across lateral strips (10-in wide) of road using a brush and pan.
Again, roads with the most activity were sampled with the resulting surface material
analyzed for moisture content by oven drying.
A number of special data forms were developed for use in the study. These
include forms for filter logging and sampler operation as well as for recording source
activity data.
The two forms used to record data pertinent to operation of the monitoring
network are shown in Figure 3-7. The Ambient Air Quality Field Filter Log was used
to log filters in and out of the field laboratory. The Reference Sampler Operational
Data sheet was used to record start and stop filter pressures, start and stop elapsed
time readings, 'and ambient temperature and barometric pressure. Another form was
also used for verification of sampler flow rate as discussed in Section 3.4.3. The data
forms used for source activity monitoring are presented in Section 3.3.
3.3 SOURCE ACTIVITY MONITORING
3.3.1 Monitoring Activities and Schedule
Each air sampling event spanned 24 h, midnight to midnight. MRI referenced
its observations to three different periods, "0," "1," and "2," within one calendar day.
3-20
-------
Protaet No. 3608
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To the extent practical, these three observation periods corresponded to mine work
shifts, as shown in Figure 3-8. Prior to July 6, 1993, only the dragline operated
continuously throughout the day; all other operations followed the shift schedule. At
7 a.m, July 6 (Julian day 187), 1993, Cordero switched from two 10-h shifts (each
having a separate 1/2-h meal break) to two 12-h shifts, i.e., continuous operation.
Information gathering relied on several types of procedures, the most important
of which was visual observation of travel and material handling operations.
Videotaping and consultation with mine personnel formed the other basic means of
gathering information.
During the first week of the field program, MRI established vantage points for
the north pit on the basis of providing: (a) an unobstructed view of the dragline and/or
major roads in the pit area; and (b) easy reference to a location on the base aerial
photograph used in the monthly mine plan. Vantage points for the south pit varied
with activity and thus were not formalized to the same extent as the north pit.
The vantage points for the north pit were labeled "alpha," "beta," and "gamma"
as shown in Figure 3-9. Point beta provided the best view of all roads in the north pit
area as well as a good view of the dragline. Consequently, this vantage point was
used the most. The other two points presented favorable views of the dragline at
certain points along the highwall. (Note that a fourth observation point designated as
"delta" was also added at the western end of the north pit and used in a few instances
late in the program.)
Videotaping used a vantage point at the MRI-3 sampling station. The location
provided a view of coal truck unloading and train loading.
3-22
-------
Midnight 3am 6am Noon
Midnight
Before July 6 •<
Mine Work
Shift
Observation
Period
After July 6
Mine Work
Shift
Observation
Period
1 1
1
Sam 6am
1
4:30pm
ih
-J v J^
Shift 2 from
Previous Day
JL
V
0
7am
Shift 2 from
Previous Day
Y
0
Shift 1 Shift 2
1
1 2
7pm
Shift 1 Shift 2
1 2
Figure 3-8. Correspondence between mine work shifts and MRI observation
periods.
3-23
-------
T« PWIM BoumUry
• ToWyomngSRSB
Figure 3-9. Observation points used for source activity monitoring of the north pit.
3-24
-------
3.3.2 Monitoring Procedure and Documentation
The following paragraphs describe the typical source activity monitoring
procedures during a sampling event:
1. A field crew member arrived on-site approximately 15 min prior to the start of the
day shift (observation period 1) and placed a fresh cassette into the video
camera. Cassettes were also exchanged at approximately noon and 6 p.m. with
a log kept of all videotapes used.
2. Once the foremen's shift change meeting finished, the crew member asked one
of the foremen about:
(a) the number and type of equipment (i.e., trucks, shovels, scrapers, etc.)
operated during observation period 0, and
(b) the number and type of equipment (i.e., trucks, shovels, scrapers, etc.)
planned to be operated during the upcoming day shift (i.e., observation
period 1).
The crew member recorded period 0 and 1 information on separate log sheets
(see Figure 3-10).
3. The crew member proceeded to a point where he could observe the ready line
where trucks and other mobile equipment were parked. Observations of trucks
leaving and their destinations were compared against information obtained about
planned operations during period 1.
3-25
-------
rv>
O5
MINE ACTIVITY LOG SHEET
Shovels / Haul Trucks
Shovel;
Material
IHAUfeTRUCKSiJi
Namber/of/rrucksl
Scrapers
Scraper £
DATE:
SHIFT:
RECORDED BY:
These observations will supplement monitoring and source data used in developing fugitive dust emission factors,
estimating fugitive dust emission rates, and in evaluating atmospheric dispersion models.
SHOVEL #: Use Cordero Mine convention for shovel number.
PIT: Identify as North Pit "N", South Pit "S". or Scoria Operation "C".
LOCATIONS: Indicate using circled numbers e.g., @ , as references on attached map.
MATERIAL: Place a check mark "V" In the Coal or Overburden column. Leave blank for Scoria.
BENCH tt: Use Cordero Mine convention for bench number.
NUMBER OF TRUCKS: Enter number of 170 and 240 ton haul trucks actively working with shovel during shift.
ROUTES: Draw on attached map and identify routes using circled numbers e.g., @ , as references.
SCRAPER ACTIVITY: Examples Include tops oil removal, topsoil replacement, and terrain contouring.
AT 921010 01
Figure 3-10a. Front side of mine activity log.
-------
MINE ACTIVITY PLOT
DEVEtOPMENF^PROJE
Meteorological
Monitor
AT-921010-03
Figure 3-1 Ob. Back side of mine activity log.
3-27
-------
4. Approximately one hour after the day shift started, the crew member traveled to
the active pit and stationed himself at a suitable vantage point and began a
30-min visual observation of source activity. For each vehicle pass on each road
under observation, the crew member recorded the following traffic-related items:
• Type of vehicle, such as pickup truck or haul truck, together with number of
axles and wheels. (For mine equipment such as haul trucks, scrapers, water
trucks, etc., passes were recorded using mine ID number.)
• Road traveled by the vehicle (i.e., A through Z identified in Figures 2-9 and
2-10).
• Direction of travel, thus indicating whether a haul truck is empty or loaded.
Information was recorded on the data form shown as Figure 3-11.
5. After the first traffic count, the crew member conducted a drive-through inspection
of the mine, noting any potentially important emission sources (e.g., pit fires,
grading, etc.). Observations were compared against the planned mine operations
and any deviations noted. Also, during the drive-through, a crew member
checked the generator at the MRI-1 site to ensure that the samplers were
powered.
6. The crew member traveled to a vantage point near the north pit and began a
10-min observation of the dragline operation. Information on the dragline location
(bearing from true north) and cycle time was recorded on the form shown as
Figure 3-12. Afterwards, the crew member traveled to a second vantage point to
take another bearing reading. Back at the field laboratory, the crew member
plotted the two bearing readings on an aerial photograph to identify the
approximate location (i.e., where the two lines intersect) of the dragline. Where
possible, the dragline location was referenced to the nearest quarter of the
1000-ft x 1000-ft grids based on the Wyoming state coordinate system. (See the
earlier discussion in Section 2.4).
3-28
-------
MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE
TRAFFIC COUNT FORM
Date
Project Mo.
Location
Count Start Time
Count Stop Tine
Use timberstrokes, or enter tine of passage or travel speed (if radar gun being used). Record haul truck and
other nine equipment using nine 10 number.
Vehicle Axles/
10 Wheels 123456 7390
Figure 3-11. Example of form used for obtaining traffic counts on major haul routes.
3-29
-------
MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE
DRAGLINE OBSERVATION FORM
Date By
Project No.
Observation Start Time Observation Stop Time
Use "timberstrokes" to record complete removal/replacement cycles,
Wind Direction during observations
Sketch approximate location of dragline along highwall in space
below:
Figure 3-12. Example dragline observation form.
3-30
-------
7. MRI crew members completed two more sets of traffic and dragline observations
during period 1. Observations were staggered throughout the period and were
not taken during the lunch period. Traffic and dragline observations were
summarized over the shift using forms similar to Figures 3-13 and 3-14,
respectively.
8. Crew members repeated steps 2 through 7 for observation period 2. (The
principal exception to this was recording four and two sets of observations for
periods 1 and 2, respectively, rather than three sets each once the mine switched
to 12-h shifts.)
In addition to the data collected by the regional meteorological station,
supplementary observations were also made (during daylight hours) by on-site MRI
personnel on general weather conditions and plume dispersion from major dust-
emitting sources. This information was recorded on a specially designed log sheet
(Figure 3-15) in conjunction with the source activity monitoring. The purpose of these
observations was to qualitatively identify which monitors were potentially most
impacted by visible dust plumes as well as to record the occurrence of any natural
mitigative factors (e.g., precipitation) occurring during the sampling period. These data
were collected for possible use in interpreting the results from anticipated modeling
efforts.
3-31
-------
Sampling date
Shift
TRAFFIC SUMMARY DATA FORM
Count 1 from to
Count 2 from to
Count 3 from to
By
North
pit
road
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
M
Count
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
240
T
2/6
170
T
2/6
PU
2/4
PU
2/6
Water
truck
2/6
Medium
duty
2/6 3/10
Heavy
duty
5/18 6/22
Wheeled
dozer
2/4
Scraper
2/4
Grader
2/6
Other
W
w
10
Figure 3-13a. Traffic summary form (page 1).
-------
Sampling date
Shift
TRAFFIC SUMMARY DATA FORM
Count 1 from to
Count 2 from to
Count 3 from to
South
pit
road
T
U
V
X
Y
Z
Count
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
240
T
2/6
170
T
2/6
PU
2/4
PU
2/6
Water
truck
2/6
Medium
duty
2/6 3/10
Heavy
duty
5/18 6/22
Wheeled
dozer
2/4
Scraper
2/4
Grader
2/6
Other
CO
co
CO
Figure 3-13b. Traffic summary form (page 2).
-------
DRAGLINE SUMMARY DATA FORM
Sampling date
Shift
By
Dragline observation
period
Start Stop
Bearings from
true north
ft Y
Approx.
location
of drop8
Approx .
angle
of swing6
Complete
cycles
per hour
a To the nearest grid cell quadrant.
b Also indicate whether the full load swings clockwise or counterclockwise (bird's eye view)
Figure 3-14. Dragline summary form.
-------
SUR
FACTOR
WEATHER / PLUME LOG SHEET
CO
CO
Ol
DATE:
RECORDED BY:
estimating fugitive dust emission rates, and in evaluating atmospheric dispersion models
LOCATION: Indicate using circled numbers e.g., ® , as reference on attached map
TIME: Circle "MST" or "MDT" as appropriate.
BEGAN: Enter time that event began, if known. If not known, enter "U".
ENDED: Enter time that event ended, if known. If not known, enter "U".
OBSERVED: Enter time that event was directly observed.
SmcSST C^° 'T "St ? r'9h«t °f Cntiy lable' Entcr "N/A" " none of the codes arc aPP«cable.
DISCUSSION: Enter descnption of event if no description code applies. Enter additional Information if desired.
Figure 3-15a. Example weather/plume log sheet for on-site observations (front side).
AT 921010 02
-------
WEATHER / PLUME PLOT
LEGEND
Paved Road
Haul Road
Railroad
Building
•
Pit
ft»»x>xxx>xxxx»xy>|
txXXXX.X"XXX'."X""l
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^J
Air Monitor
A
Meteorological
Monitor
AT-921010-04
Figure 3-15b. Example weather/plume log sheet for on-site observations (back side).
3-36
-------
3.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE ACTIVITIES
The ambient air quality data were collected following the requirements outlined
in the EPA's Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems
(EPA-600/4-77-027a) as revised January 1983 and January 1990 and the On-Site
Meteorological Program Guidance for Regulatory Modeling Applications (1987). The
following describes specific quality assurance activities associated with the field
operations including: preparation of sample collection media; sample handling and
analysis; and instrument operation.
3.4.1 Preparation of Sample Collection Media
Particulate samples were collected on Type EMP 2000 glass fiber filters for
TSP and QM-A microquartz filters for PM-10. Prior to initial weighing, the filters were
equilibrated for 24-h at constant temperature and humidity in a special weighing room.
During the weighing, the balance was checked at frequent intervals with standard
(Class S) weights to ensure accuracy. The filters remained in the same controlled
environment for a second 24-h period, after which a second analyst reweighed them
as a precision check. If a filter could not pass audit limits, the entire lot was
reweighed. Ten percent of the filters taken to the field were used as blanks. The
quality control guidelines pertaining to preparation of the sample collection media are
presented in Table 3-5.
As indicated in Table 3-5, a minimum of 10% field blanks were used for QC
purposes (EPA, 1990). This procedure involved handling at least 1 filter in every 10 in
an identical manner as the others to determine systematic weight changes. During
field blank collection, filters were actually loaded into all of the samplers, left for 24
hours, and recovered without air actually being passed through the media.
3-37
-------
TABLE 3-5. QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES FOR SAMPLING MEDIA3
Activity
QC check/requirement
Inspect and imprint fitter media with identification numbers
Equilibrated media for 24 h in clean, controlled room with a relative
humidity of 45% (variation ±5%) and with a temperature of 23° C
(variation ±1%)
Weigh hi-vol filters to nearest 0.1 mg
For tare weights, conduct a 100% audit. Reweigh tare weight of
any filters that deviate by more than ±1.0 mg. Independently verify
final weights of 10% of filters (at least four from each batch).
Reweigh batch if weights of any hi-vol filters deviate by more than
±2.0 mg.
Correction for handling effects'3 Weigh and handle at least one blank for each 10 filters of each
type used.
Preparation
Conditioning
Weighing
Auditing of weights
Calibration of balance
Accuracy of temperature/
relative humidity indicator
Balance to be calibrated once per year by certified manufacturer's
representative. Check prior to each use with laboratory Class S
weights.
Calibrate hydrothermograph in weigh room with motorized
psychrometer weekly. Check thermometers in psychrometer with
NIST-traceable thermometer annually.
a Per MRI SOP No. EET-610.
b Includes field blanks (see text).
3.4.2 Sample Handling and Analysis
To prevent participate losses, the exposed media were carefully transferred at
the end of each sampling period to protective containers for transportation to the field
laboratory. In the field laboratory, exposed filters were placed in individual glassine
envelopes and then into numbered file folders. When exposed filters and the associ-
ated blanks were returned to the MRI gravimetric laboratory, they were equilibrated
under the same conditions as the initial weighing. After weighing, 10 percent of the
filters were audited to check weighing accuracy.
It should be noted that an unusually high number of precipitation events
occurred during the sampling program. During these events, the removal and
3-38
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installation of the filters were performed under less than optimum conditions. It was
found to be especially difficult to keep the filter cassettes clean during transport to and
from the sampling stations due to the muddy conditions which existed on site.
Although every effort was made to maintain the cleanliness of the filters during
transport, the muddy conditions may have affected the results of those measurements
performed with filters either installed or recovered during periods of significant
precipitation. Although a bias in net filter weight may have occurred, it should have
been corrected by the use of field blanks.
3.4.3 Instrument Operation
Prior to and during sample collection, a number of activities were performed to
quality assure the data collected. Pretest preparations included installation and
documentation of the instrumentation, calibration of the air sampling and
meteorological instruments, etc. The quality control procedures governing equipment
operation are shown in Table 3-6.
TABLE 3-6. QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES FOR MONITORING EQUIPMENT
Activity QC check/requirement
High volume sampler flow rate Single point calibration check of flow rate using calibration orifice
for comparison against standard table upon installation and monthly
thereafter.
Operation of on/off timers and Check prior to installation in the field.
elapsed time meters
Orifice and electronic Calibrate against displaced volume test meter annually.
calibrator
Wind speed and direction, Calibrate upon installation (or prior to sampling), after relocation,
temperature, and precipitation and upon deactivation of sampling network using NIST-traceable
sensors and recording devices standards.
Sampler maintenance Check motors, gaskets, timers, and flow measuring devices prior to
sampling and monthly thereafter.
Prevention of static mode Remove and replace "sample savers" prior to and immediately after
deposition filter replacement.
3-39
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Prior to sample collection, and monthly thereafter, single-point calibration
checks of flow rate were performed by MRI on all PM-10 and TSP reference samplers.
These checks were intended to verify the sampler flow rates provided in the
manufacturer's "look-up" table for each specific volumetric flow controller (orifice) used.
In addition, independent pre-test and post-test flow audits were performed by an MRI
subcontractor to assure flow rate accuracy.
About once per month, the data recorded by the electronic data loggers for the
in-pit meteorological station and the continuous PM-10 instrument were recovered and
the instrumentation checked according to manufacturers recommendations. (Note that
a strip chart back-up was also provided for each instrument to preclude data loss.)
The data were downloaded to a portable computer and stored in separate files on its
hard drive. Copies of these files were then made on both paper and magnetic media
and the quality of the data reviewed prior to being included in the appropriate data
base.
Finally, the regional meteorological station continued to be operated and
maintained by a contractor to the Cordero Mining Company (Inter-Mountain
Laboratories or IML). IML performed data recovery and calibration audits of this
equipment on a quarterly basis and provided the data to MRI in both hard copy and
on magnetic media. IML also performed independent pre-test and post-test audits of
meteorological sensor calibration for the in-pit station under subcontract to MRI.
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SECTION 4
DATA COMPILATION/REDUCTION
The preceding section discussed how field measurements were taken and
recorded. This section, on the other hand, describes how field records were compiled
and reduced to calculate measures of air quality, meteorology, source activity, and
emissions. Finally, the formats used to present the data are discussed.
4.1 CALCULATION PROCEDURES AND DATA ENTRY
4.1.1 Air Quality
TSP and PM-10 concentrations were calculated using the expression
X= 1000 x H/W (4-1)
q
where X = concentration ((j.g/m°)
H = net catch (mg) on the filter
W = air volume sampled (m3)
The term 1000 converts mg to |ig. To be consistent with National Ambient Air Quality
Standards, the air volume is referenced to standard conditions of 29.92 inHg and
77°F.
4-1
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Although the above expression to calculate concentration is quite simple,
several steps must be taken before one can perform the final division of sample catch
by sample volume, including:
(a) The net catch H must be found as the difference between the tare and final filter
weights.
(b) Initial and final flow rates (at actual rather than standard conditions) must be
found as a function of pressure drop across the filter, barometric pressure, and
ambient air temperature. The initial and final flow rates are then averaged.
(c) Flow rates at actual conditions must be converted to standard conditions by
applying a temperature/pressure correction.
(d) The standard flow rate must be multiplied by the elapsed time to calculate the
standard sample volume V.
Because of the numerous steps and because of the repetitive nature of the
calculations, a Lotus® work sheet was used to calculate PM-10 and TSP air concen-
trations on a personal computer. Table 4-1 provides a column-by-column explanation
as well as an example calculation for the TSP monitor at site MRI-2 on June 4, 1993.
The data sheets for June 4 are given in Appendix A. The actual spreadsheet is
presented in Volume II.
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TABLE 4-1. DESCRIPTION OF DATA ELEMENTS IN
AIR QUALITY SAMPLING SPREADSHEET
Column
ID
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
Entry
MRI-2
TSP
75
930604
9321095
4427.95
4406.9
21.05
1 7546.0
18987.1
48
58
25.47
25.37
14.42
14.51
0.958
0.958
40.73
41.08
40.905
Description
Station name
Pollutant
Orifice serial number
Run date
Filter No.
Filter final weight (mg)
Filter tare weight (mg)
Net catch weight (mg)
Elapsed time (min) at start
Elapsed time (min) at stop
Ambient temp (°F) at start
Ambient temp (°F) at stop
Baro. pressure (inHg) at start
Baro. pressure (inHg) at stop
Filter pressure (inHpO) at start
Filter pressure (inhLO) at stop
Look up table entry at start
Look up table entry at stop
Flow rate (acfm) at start
Flow rate (acfm) at stop
Average flow rate (acfm)
Remarks
Self-explanatory
Self-explanatory
Recorded in "VFC SAMPLER SINGLE POINT
FLOW CHECK," see pp. A-3.
Format YYMMDD, example for June 4, 1993
Recorded "AMBIENT AIR QUALITY FIELD
FILTER LOG," see p. A-4.
"Found in the filter weight databook under
"FINAL WEIGHT," see p. A-5.
"Found in the filter weight databook under
"TARE WEIGHT," see p. A-6.
Calculated as F-G
Recorded "Reference Sampler Operational
Data," see p. A-7.
Recorded "Reference Sampler Operational
Data," see p. A-7.
Recorded "Reference Sampler Operational
Data," see p. A-7.
Recorded "Reference Sampler Operational
Data," see p. A-7.
Recorded "Reference Sampler Operational
Data," see p. A-7.
Recorded "Reference Sampler Operational
Data," see p. A-7.
Recorded "Reference Sampler Operational
Data," see p. A-7.
Recorded "Reference Sampler Operational
Data," see p. A-7
1 - (O)/((13.6)*M) ->
1 - (14.42)/(13.6 x 25.47) => 0.958
1-(P)/((13.6)'N)->
1 - (14.51)7(13.6 x 25.37) => 0.958
(found in "FLOW LOOK-UP-TABLE" (based
on Q and R), see p. A-8.
(found in "FLOW LOOK-UP-TABLE" (based
on Q and R), see p. A-9.
Calculated as (S + T)/2
4-3
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TABLE 4-1 (Continued)
Column
ID
Entry
Description
Remarks
V
36.36
Average flow rate (scfm)
Calculated as
536.4
29.92
459.7
W 1482.87 Standard air volume (m3) sampled Calculated as V x (J-l) x 0.0283
[0.0283 is conversion factor from ft3 to rn3]
X 14.2 Particulate concentration (u,g/m3) Calculated as (H/W) x 1000
4.1.2 Meteorology
Meteorological data measured at the regional meteorological station were
analyzed to characterize the weather conditions affecting fugitive dust emissions and
transport during the field study. Inter-Mountain Laboratories, Inc., of Sheridan,
Wyoming, extracted the raw hourly average (hourly total for precipitation) data from
the magnetic tapes. After conducting data quality control and assurance activities, the
data were converted to standard data base/spreadsheet files, compatible with IBM-PC
computers. The files were transferred to AlphaTRAC, Inc., of Westminster, Colorado,
for further analysis.
The files were processed using the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet software
package on Apple Macintosh computers. Derived quantities were then calculated and
statistically analyzed on a daily basis. For example, average, maximum, and minimum
temperatures were determined for each sampling day. Also, four summary statistics
(average, median, maximum, and minimum) were calculated for each of the daily
temperature categories over the entire 30-day sampling period.
4-4
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Average, maximum hourly, and minimum hourly wind speeds were determined
for each air quality sampling day using scalar arithmetic. It should be noted that the
maximum and minimum values refer to hourly averages, rather than to instantaneous
readings (gusts). Gust values were not recorded by the regional meteorological
station. Also, four summary statistics (average, median, maximum, and minimum)
were calculated for each of the daily wind speed categories over the entire 30-day
sampling period.
The total water-equivalent precipitation was obtained directly from the raw data
files for each air quality sampling day. Five summary statistics (average, median,
maximum, minimum, and the number of days with measurable precipitation) were
calculated for the 30 sampling days.
A daily average wind flow vector was calculated for each air quality sampling
day using vector arithmetic. Wind flow is the direction toward which the wind is
blowing, and thus the direction toward which a plume of air pollutants will be
transported. Wind flow is the inverse of wind direction, which is the direction from
which the wind is blowing.
Vector arithmetic was used to avoid the averaging problems associated with the
wind direction cross-over between 360° and 1°. The recommendations of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, as presented in its On-site Meteorological Program
Guidance for Regulatory Modeling Applications (U.S. EPA, 1987) were adopted for this
analysis.
First, west-east (u) and south-north (v) wind components were calculated for
each hour, and daily averages were determined for each component. Then, the
average components were converted to polar coordinates using trigonometric
functions. The result was a vector average wind flow direction and vector magnitude
for the day. This quantity physically represents the composite direction and distance
4-5
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(hourly average magnitude x 24 h) that a plume of air pollutants would have reached
at the end of the day's transport. In addition to the daily average wind flow vectors, a
histogram was developed to characterize wind flow during the field study.
Because the hour-to-hour persistence of the wind may play a role in daily
maximum air quality concentrations in the Powder River Basin, a 24-h standard
deviation for the wind flow vector was calculated. Vector arithmetic was used to avoid
the statistical problems associated with the wind direction cross-over between 360°
and 1°. The recommendations of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, as
presented in its On-site Meteorological Program Guidance for Regulatory Modeling
Applications (U.S. EPA, 1987) was adopted for this analysis. Specifically, the method
of Yamartino (1984) was used to calculate standard deviations of wind flow vectors.
It should be noted that this approach does not calculate a
-------
TABLE 4-2. METHOD FOR INTERPRETING THE WIND FLOW STANDARD
DEVIATION CALCULATED FOR EACH AIR QUALITY SAMPLING DAY
Category
Very steady
Steady
Marginally steady
Variable
Highly variable
Standard
deviation
(°)
< 11
11 - < 22
22 - < 45
45 - < 68
>68
Description
- 90% of flow contained within 1/8 of circle
- 90% of flow contained within 1/4 of circle
- 90% of flow contained within 1/2 of circle
- 90% of flow contained within 3/4 of circle
~ 90% of flow spans arc greater than 3/4 of circle
4.1.3 Source Activity
As discussed earlier, traffic data and dragline data were summarized over each
observation period in the field. Once the records were returned to the main MRI
laboratories, additional compilation and reduction were performed. The following
sections discuss the procedures used.
The initial step to reduce traffic data consisted of calculating effective traffic
rates (vehicles per hour) on the 12 roads of interest. The vehicle passes on a given
road recorded for each observation period were added together and the result divided
by the total observation time to determine effective rates. Rates were calculated for
three vehicle classes: (a) haul trucks, (b) water trucks, and (c) all vehicles (including
haul and water trucks).
4-7
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Certain conventions were followed in developing the three traffic rates for
observation periods 1 and 2 (i.e., from the start of the day shift to midnight):
(a) Traffic rates were rounded to the nearest integer, with the exception that any
result greater than zero but less than one was recorded at 1 vehicle/hour.
(b) When there was repeated travel by scrapers on a single set of roads during an
observation period, scraper passes were excluded in calculating a total vehicle
traffic rate. Multiple scraper passes were normally associated with removing
large amounts of mud from the roads after heavy rains.
For observation period 0 (midnight to the start of the day shift), traffic rates
were calculated based on the following assumptions:
(a) Haul trucks were assumed to constitute all traffic during the period.
(b) It was assumed that traffic was restricted to routes routinely traveled by haul
trucks, namely
• permanent haul roads M and Z
• coal ramps A, F and G in the north pit and T in the south pit
• overburden routes D and E in the north pit, X and V in the south pit
(c) If mine personnel indicated that the haul trucks had operated during all of period
0, the haul truck traffic rates were set equal to the following default values
Roads A, F, G and M 20 per hour
Roads D and E 16 per hour
Roads T and Z 12 per hour
Roads X and V 20 per hour
4-8
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The defaults are loosely based on the average [nonzero] haul truck rate for the
same road calculated for observations periods 1 and 2 for May 19 through June
18, 1993.
(d) If, on the other hand, trucks were said to have operated for only part of period 0,
the haul truck rate was set equal to half the default value. [This occurred only
once during the monitoring program.]
The amount of coal and overburden hauled per hour was determined in the
following manner:
(a) Because every loaded truck pass is accompanied by an empty truck pass, the
number of truck loading operations was set equal to one-half the number of haul
truck passes.
(b) It was assumed that the total number of coal dumps equals one-half the number
of haul trucks traveling on the permanent haul roads (M and Z).
(c) All truck loads were assumed to be 240 tons. [Trucks with 170-ton capacity
accounted for only 6% of total haul truck passes, making the actual average
capacity 236 tons.]
Dragline observations were reduced in a fashion reasonably similar to that
described above for traffic. Cycle per hour data taken throughout observation periods
1 and 2 were averaged to obtain a value representative for the entire period. For
period 0, if mine personnel stated that the dragline had been operating since midnight,
the cycle rate was set equal to 50 loads per hour. That default value is based on the
average (nonzero) cycle rate observed during the field exercise.
4-9
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It is important to note that the calculated production values would tend to
overestimate slightly the "true" production at the mine for the following reasons:
(a) All haul trucks are assumed to carry 240-ton loads, even though a few 170-ton
trucks were sometimes used.
(b) One-half of the haul trucks moving along haul ramps and roads were assumed to
be loaded. Thus, an occasional empty truck pass in the "loaded" direction (due
to mechanical problems or reassignment) would be counted as full.
(c) Minor downtime—due to factors such as shift start-up and shut-down, refueling,
minor repairs, operator changeover, bathroom breaks, safety meeting—was not
taken into consideration in forming the production estimates.
The final source activity data reduction concerned the estimation of potential
TSP and PM-10 emissions. The preceding paragraphs described how the number of
truck and dragline loads were developed. For vehicle-related emissions, it was
necessary to estimate the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) over each observation period.
For each of the 12 roads, two separate VMT values were found: one for
"heavy" traffic (i.e., haul and water trucks) and another for all other vehicles. In each
case, hourly VMT results were obtained from multiplying vehicle passes per hour by
the road length.
Hourly emission rate estimates for vehicle-related emissions resulted from
multiplying hourly VMT by the representative emission factors in Table 4-3.
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TABLE 4-3. MEASURED HAUL ROAD EMISSION
FACTORS (lb/VMT)a
Heavy vehicles
Other vehicles
PM-10
6
0.13
TSP
30
0.72
f* Geometric mean values.
Values rounded to one significant figure.
These values represent the geometric mean uncontrolled emission factors measured
for haul roads and light-duty traffic at Cordero in the fall of 1992 (Muleski, et al., 1944;
Table 10).
Certain conventions were followed regarding mitigating effects of natural and
anthropogenic controls. First, natural precipitation was assumed to control roadway
particulate emissions in the following way:
Assumed control
Precipitation (inches) efficiency for the hour
0.2 or more during present hour 100%
0.01 to 0.19 during present hour 75%
0.5 or more during preceding 5 hours 30%
1 or more during preceding 11 hours 20%
2 or more during preceding 23 hours 10%
Note that only one control efficiency was assigned to each range of precipitation. The
first two efficiencies were derived from the roadway watering model presented by the
U.S. EPA (1988: Equation 5-4); the remaining were based on engineering judgment.
Further, 50% control efficiency was applied to roadway emissions whenever
water truck passes constituted part of the heavy traffic on the road during the
observation period. This value was obtained from a comparison of measured TSP
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and PM-10 emission factors for heavy trucks on haul roads (Muleski et al., 1994) as
shown in Table 4-4.
TABLE 4-4. TEST RESULTS FOR HEAVY VEHICLES ON HAUL ROADS
Emission factor (lb/VMT)a
Particle size Uncontrolled Controlled Control efficiency
PM-10 5.5 2.6 53
TSP 31 15 52
a Geometric mean values.
Volume II contains a FORTRAN program used to calculate PM-10 and TSP
emissions from (a) haul truck transport of coal and overburden, (b) loading of haul
trucks using shovels and unloading by dumping, (c) dragline transfer of overburden,
(d) water tuck travel, and (e) miscellaneous medium and light duty traffic on haul and
access roads.
Emissions from all material handling operations (both dragline and truck/shovel)
were estimated using the default emission factors contained in AP-42 Section 11.2.3:
e= k (0.0032) (4-2)
where: e = emission factor (Ib/ton)
k = particle size multiplier
= 0.35 for PM-10; 0.74 for TSP
4.2 FINAL PRODUCTS
4.2.1 Numerical Information
The field program resulted in large amounts of numerical values and other
information being compiled, reduced, and formatted. This report distinguishes
4-12
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between what have been termed "primary" and "secondary" measurements. For
practical purposes, primary measurements may be defined as those measurements
resulting in values required to either (a) run ISC or other dispersion models or (b) to
compare against model-generated concentrations. Thus, primary measurements
include:
a. The 24-h PM-10 and TSP concentrations monitored at sites HV-1, HV-2, HV-2a,
HV-3, and MRI-1 through MRI-6
b. Source activity information, such as haul truck vehicle miles traveled, tons of coal
mined, etc.
c. Values of road surface moisture content for the most active roads.
d. Hourly meteorological information collected at the regional station (HV-1) site
e. Physical parameters about the monitoring (receptor) locations, such as x-y
coordinates and inlet height
f. Information about major potential emission sources, such as x-y coordinates,
number of loading/unloading operations, temporal variation in operations
With the exception of upper air soundings, the field study collected the
information needed to perform detailed dispersion modeling. The data files containing
the primary measurements have been structured to facilitate additional data reduction.
The secondary measurements of the field program were collected to provide
additional information that can be accessed, especially once modeled and measured
concentrations have been compared. Secondary data include items such as:
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g. 30-min, 1-h, 8-h, and 24-h average PM-10 concentrations measured by a tapered
element oscillating microbalance (TEOM ) situated immediately north of the mine
(site MRI-6)
h. Meteorological data logged by the weather station located in the south pit area
i. Strip chart records of wind speed and direction as measured at site MRI-6
j. Videotapes of the coal dumping/train loading area
The equipment used to collect items "g" and "h" stored data directly in ASCII
files. Upon return to MRI's main laboratories, those files were "cleaned up" to
eliminate column identifiers, delimiters, etc. The cleaned files are presented in
Volume II. Items "i" and "j" do not lend themselves to development of numerical data
files; these articles have been stored at MRI and can be retrieved should the need
arise.
Table 4-5 lists a total of 52 different data files which comprise the data for this
study. Of primary importance is the file named "TABLE," which presents all
information related to the ambient air quality data collected in the monitoring program.
4.2.2 Video Library
In addition to information described in the preceding section, MRI also
assembled a library of videotapes. The principal reason for video records was to
provide a back-up means of recording certain mine activities should there be a lapse
in visual observations. The MRI-3 sampling location provided a vantage point from
which coal truck unloading and train loading could be monitored by video camera
recorder. The video record provided:
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TABLE 4-5. LIST OF MEASUREMENT DATA FILES3
Filename.ext
Description of data file
Primary measurements:
TABLE.
HV1.MAY, HV1.JUN
MRI6.JUN, MRI6.JUL
IMLMET.DAT
DRAGLINE.DAT
SCRAPER.DAT
24HRVPH.
ROADA. , ROADB.,
ROADZ. , ROADX. , ROADV
FORTRAN programs
VEHICLE.OUT
DRAG.OUT
Spreadsheet used to calculate 24-h high-volume air
concentrations at the six monitoring sites. Includes information
related to filter number, elapsed time, start and stop flow rates,
etc.
30 data files containing the site id, run date, PM-10 and TSP
concentrations, and status of measurements (i.e., both PM-10 and
TSP OK, etc.). One file each for each calendar month for each of
the 10 monitoring sites.
File containing hourly surface data collected by the Cordero
meteorological station. Data include wind speed, wind direction,
sigma theta (OQ), ambient temperature, and precipitation.
Data file containing dragline load cycle information over each of
the three observation periods. Also contains information on
location of drop, referenced to the 1,000-ft x 1,000-ft grid system.
Data file containing information on the use of scrapers during the
three observation periods. Also contains information on location
of scraper operation, referenced to the 1,000-ft x 1,000-ft grid
system.
Source activity data file containing haul truck, water truck, and
total vehicle passes per hour on 12 different roads.
Twelve data files, each corresponding to the 12 roads observed
for source activity. Each file consists of one or more straight line
segments used to represent the road. Start and end coordinates
can be used to depict roads as elongated area sources in new
version of ISC2. File also contains x-y coordinates for volume
sources currently used to represent line sources in ISC2.
Coordinates referenced to Wyoming state system.
Two FORTRAN programs used to calculate emission rates from
source activity information and appropriate emission factors.
Pages 3 through 5 present the program for vehicle and truck/
shovel operations, while page 6 presents the program for dragline
operations.
Data file containing the result of one of the FORTRAN programs
presented in Appendix B in Volume I. Contains hourly controlled
and uncontrolled emission rates for PM-10 and TSP from each of
the 12 roads of interest in the mine. Uses a total of 4 lines for
each hour.
Data file containing the result of one of the FORTRAN programs
presented in Appendix B in Volume I. Contains hourly PM-10 and
TSP emission rates for the dragline. Uses only one line for each
hour.
(continued)
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TABLE 4-5 (Continued)
Filename.ext
Description of data file
MATHAND.OUT
Secondary measurements:
INPITMET.DAT
TEOMALL.
Data file containing the output from one of the FORTRAN
programs presented in Appendix B of Volume I. Contains hourly
emission rates for PM-10 and TSP from truck/shovel handling
operations in the mine. Uses two lines for each hour.
Data file of 15-min averages of meteorological variables
measured by the in-pit meteorological station. Includes wind
speed, wind direction, sigma theta (OQ), and ambient temperature
at two heights.
Data file for the tapered element oscillating microbalance.
Includes 30-min, 1-h, 8-h, and 24-h average PM-10
concentrations measured at site MRI-6.
aThese data files are available in electronic format. For additional information on
obtaining the data files contact:
Techniques Evaluation Section
Source Receptor Analysis Branch
Technical Support Division
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(919) 541-5381
4-16
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• the number of coal haul trucks in use
• whether coal was being mined from the north and/or the south pit
• whether trains were loaded out during the sampling event
• unusual events in the coal plant or main shop areas of the mine
Because of the completeness of the visual observations, no extensive use of
the video records has been necessary in the preparation of this report. Nevertheless,
a few tapes have been reviewed to ensure that they provide a clear enough image to
be of use if they are needed at a later date.
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SECTION 5
TEST RESULTS
The program resulted in the collection of air quality, meteorological, and source
activity data for 30 monitoring days (24-h periods, midnight to midnight) including:
(a) Average PM-10 and TSP concentrations at nine different monitoring locations;
(b) Surface meteorology (wind speed, direction, temperature, and precipitation)
associated with the concentration measurements;
(c) Source activity for material movements and vehicle miles traveled by work shifts;
and
Thus, with the exception of upper air meteorology, the field study collected the
information needed to perform dispersion modeling as currently practiced for surface
coal mines. In general, the data are essentially complete (93% data capture rate for
PM-10 measurements) and are of the quality required to conduct later evaluation of
the emission factor/dispersion model approach currently used in projecting air quality
near surface coal mines.
As with any field program, the data collected reflect the conditions under which
measurements were performed. The late spring and early summer of 1993 in the
Powder River Basin were far wetter than normal (based on the 30-year average) and
contrasted sharply with the dry conditions of the past few years. Measurable
5-1
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precipitation fell on almost half the 30 sampling days, occasionally affecting mining
operations because of the resulting poor condition of roads, water in pits, etc.
Nevertheless, barring continual rain throughout the sampling day, the mine usually
corrected problems and returned to reasonably "normal" operations quickly. For
example, it was not unusual for the mine to start watering roads in the late morning
after heavy rains overnight. Review of the mine production during the period of the
test program indicates that production rates were reasonably consistent with the
mine's May and June plans.
5.1 AIR QUALITY SUMMARY
Table 5-1 presents the measured 24-h TSP concentrations for each day of the
monitoring program by monitor location. Similarly, Table 5-2 presents the measured
24-h PM-10 concentrations. In each table, the highest measured concentration for
each day is highlighted in boldface type.
5-2
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TABLE 5-1. SUMMARY OF 24-HOUR TSP AIR QUALITY DATA (ng/m3)3
Location of monitoring instrument (site number)
Date
5/19
5/21
5/23
5/25
5/27
5/29
5/31
6/2
6/4
6/6
6/8
6/10
6/12
6/14
6/16
6/18
6/22
6/24
6/26
6/28
6/30
7/2
7/4
7/6
7/8
7/10
7/12
7/14
7/16
7/18
MRI 1
30.97
30.28
13.42
8.88
43.47
N/A
N/A
11.76
8.96
11.59
6.42
13.33
24.80
34.39
12.09
4.46
27.40
8.52
58.11
N/A
22.31
N/A
9.25
8.87
27.23
29.23
45.76
85.66
20.00
26.13
MRI 2
N/A
41.80
37.08
16.83
64.76
55.70
22.31
19.67
14.20
12.90
14.16
18.07
39.24
34.07
17.80
6.55
56.86
N/A
60.30
56.46
42.85
50.97
N/A
24.81
64.24
71.61
74.52
32.23
30.39
39.19
MRI 3
50.56
70.61
45.13
48.30
57.55
70.39
36.40
16.50
N/A
N/A
22.95
42.84
53.56
56.86
15.36
6.50
61.51
82.90
71.84
91.94
47.61
61.43
69.46
43.31
185.2
26.12
101.1
55.09
29.35
30.26
MRI 4
52.75
31.28
25.17
15.35
42.06
30.05
17.29
12.01
8.50
12.95
20.01
23.26
26.31
34.86
N/A
4.52
23.11
42.92
31.68
N/A
20.85
31.87
58.23
33.83
32.67
18.27
N/A
24.14
24.32
25.34
MRI 5
38.30
20.44
32.64
21.89
44.78
N/A
27.79
15.18
10.03
14.63
6.27
14.47
30.64
36.35
12.60
4.57
23.98
10.03
34.92
160.7
26.62
70.36
10.74
16.54
49.8
47.52
62.82
48.48
31.94
39.07
MRI 6
50.97
33.65
45.13
40.63
69.38
39.36
35.55
18.60
31.05
19.86
13.62
27.41
33.63
51.50
16.04
3.82
32.72
24.36
44.98
149.1
21.83
67.56
10.84
18.27
70.89
57.18
82.04
102.3
35.97
43.11
HV-1
34.29
21.46
7.90
7.87
41.73
18.98
16.17
9.95
5.23
14.59
6.29
9.98
22.32
24.50
12.08
4.11
19.80
8.79
38.65
34.75
19.06
29.49
8.87
12.55
17.38
27.68
36.08
24.72
17.43
24.98
HV-2
40.95
42.25
14.70
N/A
31.25
N/A
15.76
8.41
5.94
7.93
15.72
19.29
N/A
N/A
N/A
3.93
25.60
36.14
28.42
41.20
19.69
29.56
51.75
32.10
33.59
16.87
41.59
17.19
18.85
22.79
HV-2a
41.84
40.01
N/A
N/A
32.99
26.71
15.60
902
5.72
7.79
14.23
19.14
30.33
24.41
11 05
2.51
2498
36.48
27.77
41.19
19.48
N/A
46.28
31.98
31.70
17.46
40.88
17.01
19.00
N/A
HV-3
29.23
16.75
11.13
8.61
34.58
1798
13.21
11.81
6.79
7.83
1080
10.61
20.28
21.75
11 26
446
16.78
8.35
N/A
N/A
N/A
21.81
789
8.32
40.87
N/A
34.67
20.89
13.95
21.14
a Determined by high volume air sampler equipped with volumetric (orifice) flow controller.
N/A = not available.
Boldface indicates highest daily value.
5-3
-------
TABLE 5-2. SUMMARY OF 24-HOUR PM-10 AIR QUALITY DATA
Location of monitoring instrument (site number)
Date
5/19
5/21
5/23
5/25
5/27
5/29
5/31
6/2
6/4
6/6
6/8
6/10
6/12
6/14
6/16
6/18
6/22
6/24
6/26
6/28
6/30
7/2
7/4
7/6
7/8
7/10
7/12
7/14
7/16
7/18
MRI 1
15.86
14.24
8.07
7.49
17.32
N/A
N/A
5.43
5.74
9.53
7.47
10.22
13.49
14.16
9.20
5.05
12.35
5.80
18.95
N/A
9.50
20.29
6.76
5.99
11.05
11.06
19.44
28.71
9.97
11.94
MRI 2
16.96
14.68
9.29
11.16
18.37
13.10
11.16
4.87
5.75
8.25
8.26
9.54
13.58
11.79
9.03
4.40
15.74
10.80
14.91
15.10
9.02
14.55
8.29
7.31
14.09
16.62
19.85
11.08
10.30
11.54
MRI 3
15.69
18.18
7.95
12.19
14.12
15.25
11.05
5.04
9.41
7.02
8.14
13.49
12.23
14.77
8.54
5.26
14.61
12.23
15.67
20.39
N/A
13.63
15.84
9.27
32.96
10.67
21.48
12.20
9.44
9.07
MRI 4
18.47
12.94
7.83
8.46
14.57
10.77
10.17
4.78
4.98
7.44
N/A
11.65
11.14
12.90
9.57
4.46
9.86
9.43
11.77
15.38
7.42
12.45
14.54
8.83
11.50
11.13
17.46
11.03
9.51
7.95
MRI 5
16.21
12.23
11.59
10.16
16.57
10.98
12.18
'5.77
6.64
7.68
7.42
9.72
11.98
13.92
9.17
5.01
11.54
5.89
13.40
35.25
8.85
17.83
688
6.71
13.39
15.12
20.78
N/A
15.95
13.37
MRI 6
17.51
13.76
15.49
13.11
22.42
N/A
13.97
6.92
9.54
8.87
9.08
13.25
13.56
18.01
9.70
4.81
13.64
8.80
15.25
34.34
8.63
18.27
6.80
7.86
19.55
18.28
26.10
26.09
12.14
14.11
HV-1
13.63
8.60
6.07
6.17
12.55
9.09
N/A
4.58
5.91
5.33
6.53
8.26
9.57
11.95
7.65
4.23
10.23
5.07
11.04
12.91
7.57
11.00
N/A
5.95
7.11
11.24
15.34
10.37
8.39
9.08
HV-2
15.14
15.12
5.45
7.91
9.92
9.67
8.00
4.33
N/A
5.37
N/A
10.06
10.94
10.92
N/A
N/A
10.49
8.46
11.13
15.68
7.91
N/A
9.51
8.85
11.58
9.96
15.52
10.41
9.07
7.67
HV-2a
15.67
15.98
6.20
8.22
10.95
10.06
8.46
4.48
N/A
4.96
785
9.66
10.83
11.38
7.08
4.07
10.26
8.24
N/A
15.43
8.19
11.22
9.65
7.39
12.39
10.10
15.50
9.65
8.71
7.50
HV-3
14.23
9.68
5.74
6.97
13.39
9.19
7.32
547
4.25
5.80
6.78
8.90
9.34
11.89
8.23
N/A
9.74
5.16
N/A
N/A
N/A
11.25
5.86
5.06
16.82
N/A
16.51
9.59
8.94
9.09
a Determined either by a complete reference sampler manufactured by Wedding and Associates, or by a high-volume air
sampler retrofitted with a Wedding inlet and an Andersen volumetric (orifice) flow controller.
N/A = not available.
Boldface indicates highest daily value.
5-4
-------
Summary statistics for the TSP and PM-10 data are shown in Figures 5-1
through 5-4 in the form of "box and whisker" plots. "Box and whisker" plots are
convenient means of comparing different clusters of samples. Each box contains 50%
of the observations in a data set. The median is represented by the tick mark within
the box. The whiskers on each box typically span the range of values observed,
unless any outliers are shown as either (0) or (*). In that case, the whiskers denote
the range of the values that are not outliers. Criteria for classifying values as "outside"
and "far outside" the expected range are explained in Figure 5-5.
Figures 5-1 and 5-2 summarize the TSP and PM-10 data for all monitoring
sites, on a daily basis; and Figures 5-3 and 5-4 summarize the TSP and PM-10 data
for each monitoring site, for the entire study period. From these figures it can be
observed that the PM-10 concentrations measured in the program are generally low.
In addition, from Figures 5-1 and 5-2 the air quality data appear to be divided into two
distinct groups (or clusters): those concentrations measured before 6/24/93; and
those measured after that date. The first data grouping generally exhibits lower
concentrations and smaller interquartile ranges than data in the second grouping. The
high number of precipitation events occurring in the early part of the study period
probably reduced the generation of fugitive dust at the mine, resulting in lower
measured ambient concentrations.
As shown in Figure 5-3, the PM-10 concentrations measured at MRI Site No. 6
were consistently higher than those measured at the other eight monitoring sites
throughout the entire study period. Such was not the case for TSP, however, where
MRI Site No. 3 showed the highest measured concentrations during the 30 days on
which air monitoring was conducted. MRI Site No. 6 was probably most heavily
impacted by north pit emissions, whereas MRI Site No. 3 was apparently influenced
by more localized sources such as the truck dump and scoria mining operations.
5-5
-------
PM-10 Concentration (jig/m3)
10 20 30 40
5/19
5/21
5/23
5/25
5/27
5/29
5/31
6/02
6/04
6/06
6/08
6/10
6/12
6/14
6/16
6/18
6/20
6/22
6/24
6/26
6/28
6/30
7/02
7/04
7/06
7/08
7/10
7/12
7/14
7/16
7/18
HE-
m
Lu
-on- •
HEh
—m
-D-
-EE-
ffl*
-E>
-ffl-
-§-
-Eh
HD
Ch '
^L
ft
-D-
-Ql—
-T17! —
M
ii
m
TIT
] 1 —
-FT}
-[Tf
n 1
l_i !
_I
Ir~^~
JTT o o
JTL_ a
CE^-
Figur9 5-1. Summary statistics for PM-10 measurements on a daily
basis for all monitoring sites.
5-6
-------
TSP Concentration (ng/m3)
0 50 100 150
200
5/19
5/21
5/23
5/25
5/27
5/29
5/31
6/02
6/04
6/06
6/08
6/10
6/12
6/14
6/16
6/18
6/20
6/22
6/24
6/26
6/28
6/30
7/02
7/04
7/06
7/08
7/10
7/12
7/14
7/16
7/18
-CD
-CE —
-\ > j-
DD—
-m-
-m —
d-
ffl-
TU o
ffl-
_r
-[£- -
CD- •
-Q—
B-
jn
rT>
-[- ' —
f i i
i 1
ft "
~" — I f
if ; —
— TT ;_ o
r~T ' —
! !
, i
' ' •
-Lr
i — •
Figure 5-2. Summary statistics for TSP measurements on a daily basis
for all monitoring sites.
5-7
-------
PM-10 Concentration (u.g/m3)
10 20 30
40
HV1
HV2
HV2A
HV3
MRI1
MRI2
MRI3
MRI6
Figure 5-3. Summary statistics for PM-10 measurements at specific
monitoring sites.
5-8
-------
0
TSP Concentration (ng/m3)
50 100 150
MRI6
200
Figure 5-4. Summary statistics for TSP measurements at specific
monitoring sites.
5-9
-------
<--- IQ --->
Whisker
Median
Whisker
, 75-th Percentile
, 25-th Percent!le
NOTES:
1. IQ = interquartile range
= V75 ' V25
2. Outside Values:
denotes
or
- 3.0 IQ) < value < (v-5 - 1.5 IQ)
+ 1.5 IQ) < value < (v^ + 3.0 IQ)
0 denotes value < (v25 - 3.0 IQ)
Far Outside Values:
tes value < <
or value > (vX^ + 3.0 IQ)
3. Whiskers denote either
- range of values observed, if there are no outside values
or,
- range of values not considered "outside values"
Figure 5-5. Key to box and whisker plots.
5-10
-------
For each day, the TSP and PM-10 concentrations measured at each site have
been plotted on a map of the mine; relevant meteorological and source activity
information for the day are presented on the page opposite the air quality plot for that
day. Figures 5-6a and 5-6b present examples for May 19, 1993. Similar figures for
each sampling day are presented in Appendix B. These figures provide the monitoring
information in a manner that allows one to visualize the spatial distribution of the
ambient concentrations around the mine on each day.
As a check of the reasonableness of the data, the TSP and PM-10
concentrations measured at each monitoring location were compared. PM-10 to TSP
ratios were calculated from the concentration data. These ratios are summarized for
all monitoring sites and periods in Figures 5-7 and 5-8. Figure 5-7 presents the
PM-10 concentration versus the TSP concentration for all monitoring periods at those
sites where paired PM-10 and TSP data were available. Figure 5-8 compares the
PM-10 to TSP ratio calculated for each site and period to the TSP concentration
measured for the same site and period. The PM-10 to TSP ratios are clustered
between 0.8 and 0.2.
As shown by Figures 5-7 and 5-8, the PM-10 to TSP ratios measured in the
study decrease with TSP concentration. At high TSP concentrations, the TSP
consisted mostly of larger particles with a relatively small mass fraction in the PM-10
size range (i.e., a low PM-10 to TSP ratio). At low levels of TSP, it appears that the
PM-10 concentration approaches the TSP concentration (i.e., a PM-10 to TSP ratio
near unity). A few PM-10 to TSP ratios of greater than 1 occurred, but only at
concentrations in the range of 2 to 5 jig/m3, for which the measurement of both
pollutants is barely within the method detection limit.
5-11
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
May 19,1993
Temp.
Wind Speed
Max: 61
Avg: 51
Win: 39
Precipitation On.)
Today: 0.00
Day-1: 0.03
Day-2: 0.01
Max: 13
Avg: 9
Min: 5
Resultant Wind
From: 005° to: 185°
at: 6 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 55°
Type: Variable
Modes: 2
JULIAN OAT 139
UINO DIRECTION (dtg from nortli}
360
270
180
90
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 5/19/93
Dragline 1.21 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 1.60 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 3.16 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.00 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.00 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT
10
3 pn 8 pn MIDNIGHT
5/19 Five 240 ton trucks haul north pit coal during the day shift. Three 240 trucks
haul north coal, and 1-170 and 1-240 truck move north pit overburden on the
evening shift.
Figure 5-6a. Meteorology and source activity data for May 19, 1993.
5-12
-------
-ToWyomnjSBSS
HV-2
(2 measurements)
Figure 5-6b. Air quality measurements for May 19, 1993.
5-13
-------
200
150
m
I
o
X X
X XX XX X XX XX X
X XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX
XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX X
0
50
100
150
200
TSP Concentration Oig/m3)
Figure 5-7. PM-10 concentration vs. TSP concentration for all 24-h monitoring
periods.
5-14
-------
g
co
DC
Q_
0)
h-
o
^
•5
Q_
2
1.5
1.25
1
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.15
i i i i i i
X
•
X
X
X X
X X
X
X XX XX X
X XX
XX XX
X X XX X XX X
X XX X XX XX X X
X X XXX XX X
XX X X XX
XX X XX XXX XX X
XXX X XXXX XXX X X
X XXXX X X
X X XX XXXX XXX XXXXXXX
XX X XXXX XX XXX
X X XX XXXX X XX X
X XXX XXXXX XXX X
X X XX X X XX X
X X XXX
XX XX XXX
X X X XX X X
X XX XXX
X X X XX X XX
X
X
X
II III II
5 10 20
TSP Concentration (ng/m3)
50
100
Figure 5-8. PM-10 to TSP ratio vs. TSP concentration.
5-15
-------
A determination of method precision was conducted for the two sets of
collocated TSP and PM-10 instruments located at Sites HV-2 and HV-2a. The range
percent (RP) was calculated for each valid TSP and PM-10 data pair obtained in the
program along with the mean and standard deviation of the individual RP values
obtained. Summary statistics are presented in Table 5-3; tabular results of these
calculations are provided in Appendix C.
As shown by the statistics in Table 5-3, the measurements made by the
collocated instruments at Site HV-2 were very precise. A mean range percent of
approximately 5 percent and a RP standard deviation of 4 to 9 percent for both
pollutants indicate a high degree of reproducibility between the two instruments.
TABLE 5-3. SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR COLLOCATED
MEASUREMENTS
Parameter
Number of paired values
Minimum range percent
Maximum range percent
Mean range percent
Standard deviation, percent
Total suspended
PM-10a paniculate matter
24
0.129
18.0
4.89
4.08
23
0.024
44.1
4.98
9.04
a Particles < 10 urn in aerodynamic diameter.
Finally, the 24-h concentrations of PM-10 determined by the reference sampler
at MRI Site No. 6 were compared to equivalent measurements made by the
continuous monitor at the same location. Figure 5-9 presents the comparison of the
24-h PM-10 concentration measured by the reference (Wedding) sampler to the value
determined from the TEOM® instrument. Also shown on Figure 5-9 is a line depicting
perfect agreement between the paired values.
5-16
-------
50
cr>
o
I
o
O
CM
c
o
O
LLJ
o
.c
o
O
40
30
10
Q 24-hr Value Which Includes One or
More Zero 1-hr Values
10 20 30 40
Reference (Wedding) Monitor 24-hr Concentration (ng/m3)
50
Figure 5-9. Comparison of 24-h PM-10 concentration measurements by the
reference method and the continuous PM-10 monitor (TEOM).
5-17
-------
As shown by Figure 5-9, the two instruments provide generally similar results
that are highly correlated (correlation coefficient of 0.96). However, the concentrations
determined by the TEOM® appear to be systematically higher than those measured
by the reference sampler. In addition, for 24-h periods where one or more zero 1-h
concentration values were recorded by the TEOM® monitor (indicated by "Q" in
Figure 5-6), the instrument seems to provide slightly higher equivalent 24-h
concentrations. These concentrations were, however, considered to be within the
normal spread of the entire data set shown in Figure 5-9.
5.2 METEOROLOGICAL SUMMARY
Air quality monitoring was conducted every other day during the field program
(May 19 through July 18, 1993, excepting June 20, 1993), for a total of 30 sampling
days. Five meteorological conditions were evaluated for each particulate air quality
sampling day; these are (a) temperature, (b) wind speed, (c) precipitation, (d) wind
flow, and (e) wind persistence.
A summary of daily meteorological conditions is presented in Table 5-4 with an
hourly presentation of the data shown in Appendix D. (Note that wind vector, not wind
direction, is shown in column 9 of Table 5-4.) Day-to-day trends in temperature,
precipitation, and wind speed are presented in Figures 5-10, 5-11, and 5-12,
respectively.
The average temperature during the air quality sampling period was 57°F. The
normal daily high temperature was 68°F while the highest temperature recorded was
81 °F on June 26 and 28, 1993. The normal daily low temperature was 46°F, while the
lowest temperature recorded was 35°F on June 24, 1993.
5-18
-------
OveraH Meteorological
Data Summary - Sampling Day*
TABLE 5-4. SUMMARY OF DAILY METEOROLOGY
1993 FMd Program
01
CD
Cordaro Coal Ulna
Gillette. Wyoming
Data
5/19/93
5/21/93
5/23/93
5/25/93
5/27/93
5/29/93
5/31/93
6/2/93
6/4/93
6/6/93
6/8/93
6/10/93
6/12/93
6/14/93
6/16/93
6/18/93
6/22/93
6/24/93
6/26/93
6/28/93
6/30/93
7/2/93
7/4/93
7/6/93
7/8/93
7/1 0/93
7/1 2/93
7/14/93
7/16/93
7/18/93
Average
Median
Maximum
Minimum
Temperatura (°F)
Maximum
61
76
55
68
67
72
73
59
61
60
57
73
68
71
60
53
73
60
81
81
72
77
64
70
66
65
80
65
69
69
68
68
81
53
Average
51
61
48
54
59
59
61
52
49
53
49
61
58
58
54
50
61
51
64
68
62
66
55
55
56
55
65
57
58
61
57
58
68
48
Minimum
39
48
39
36
47
50
46
47
38
48
42
45
44
41
47
46
51
35
45
54
52
52
48
46
44
46
54
51
52
51
46
46
54
35
Wind Spead (MPH)
Maximum
13
26
27
12
16
20
20
18
24
19
34
10
17
19
22
9
19
20
14
27
11
24
27
17
14
20
21
34
18
18
20
19
34
9
Average
9
14
16
8
10
10
10
13
18
10
25
6
10
8
12
4
9
13
5
17
6
15
20
7
9
14
15
23
11
10
12
10
25
4
Minimum
5
5
7
3
6
3
4
7
8
5
10
4
2
1
5
1
3
5
2
6
3
3
a
4
4
9
6
12
6
3
5
5
12
1
1 ol Day* With Precipitation:
Told Precipitation During Period (In.):
Precipitation
(to.)
0
0.54
0
0
0.71
0.01
0
0
0
0.61
0.03
0
0
0
0.41
0.13
0.53
0
0
0
0.06
0
0.02
0.02
0
0
0
0.01
0.01
0
0.10
0.00
0.71
0.00
13
3.09
Wind Flow Vactor
Direction
O
185
30
153
354
189
116
329
167
347
281
129
2
88
290
180
340
38
111
327
332
352
338
117
130
144
178
152
7
168
161
Magnitude
(MPH)
6
7
16
7
7
3
10
10
18
5
25
5
4
9
9
4
2
12
2
12
2
8
19
6
9
12
3
12
10
8
Wind Paralatanc*
Sigma
C»
55
72
14
28
52
85
21
49
11
66
8
36
79
68
51
48
95
29
75
45
71
66
11
36
20
26
93
63
25
39
* Days:
Category
Variable
Highly Variable
Steady
ytarglnaXy Steady
Variable
Highly Variable
Steady
Variable
Vary Steady
Variable
Vary Steady
Marginally Steady
Highly Variable
Highly Variable
Variable
Variable
Highly Variable
Marginally Steady
Highly Variable
Variable
Highly Variable
Variable
Vary Steady
Marginally Steady
Steady
Marglnaly Steady
Highly Variable
Variable
Marginally Steady
Marginally Steady
Very Steady
Steady
Marginally Steady
Variable
Highly Variable
3
3
7
9
a
Flow
Direction
N
NE
E
SE
S
sw
w
NW
3
3
7
9
8
Frequency
7
2
2
7
7
0
2
3
P. 1
Development ol Atmospheric Dispersion Models lor
Surface Coal Minos
Printed: 0/9/93
-------
90 T
80 --
uT
o
70 --
01
60 --
50 --
40 --
30 H—I—I—I—I h
H—1—I—I—I—I—I—I—I—I—I—I—h
CO
CO
Date
Figure 5-10. Daily temperature.
-------
1.2-9
Precipitation (in.)
c
5/18/931
5/20/931
5/22/931
5/24/931
5/26/931
5/28/93"
5/30/931
6/1/93"
6/3/93-
Tl
H^HiPii
^^^B
^ 6/11/931
O 6/13/931
^= §6/15/93
o o o o -•• -*
> ro ik b> bo -•• ro *.
( I I i i i i
a
1SSB5BS3SSSSB&SB
m
i
^^g2S652SSBS^S
JH
U-IM-M««M.M'MJJt«.Mjmmj'
"D J? c/1 7/QT gft"'fflifflfflffiiiiSiiiii
IiL ^^^^^^^^^^h
^- 6/19/93_| '
w' 6/21/93-
§ 6/23/93_
6/25/931
6/27/931
6/29/93H
7/1/93H
7/3/931
7/7/931
7/9/931
7/11/931
7/13/931
7/15/931
-
ggggjggSgggjgKgggOT
^^h
i
r
1
j-gfc
SS9
1
mmnMdniiiHM
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^••^
mmwHHHimroi*
^^^^^^^^^^•^B
Si«j««iiOiXOiXiOOC«-X>5'X<«
MMasfl8SMHSjHS8SjMMgBi
^^^H^H
^•jgai
SBtBB
_
SJSSGSSSSSS3ESGGB
^^^^^
.
1
rmi
^
'
-------
35 T-
30 --
25 --
£
5. 20
01
is
15 --
10 -
5 --
0 +0
I
S
Date
CO
o
P:
Figure 5-12. Daily wind speed.
-------
Measurable precipitation occurred on 13 of the 30 sampling days (43%).
Measurable precipitation occurred within 1 day before the sampling day for 19 of the
sampling days (63%). Measurable precipitation occurred within 2 days before the
sampling day for 23 of the sampling days (77%). The total precipitation on air quality
sampling days was 3.09 in, resulting in a daily average precipitation of 0.10 in. The
greatest daily rainfall on an air quality sampling day was 0.71 in on May 27, 1993.
Significant rainfall also occurred on nonsampling days. A total of 6.84 in of rain
fell on 27 days of the 61 days during the continuous calendar period May 19 through
July 18, 1993. To place this in perspective, the 30-year average rainfall for Gillette,
Wyoming, for this period is approximately 2.50 in (Mariner, 1986). Thus, the precipita-
tion received from May 19 through July 18, 1993, was more than 21/2 times the normal
amount of rainfall.
The average wind speed during the air quality sampling period was 12 mph.
The normal daily highest hourly wind speed was 20 mph, while the highest hourly
average wind speed recorded was 34 mph on July 14, 1993. The normal daily lowest
hourly wind speed was 5 mph, while the lowest hourly wind speed recorded was
1 mph on June 14 and 18, 1993.
Figures 5-13 and 5-14 present histograms of the wind flow vectors and
persistence during the study period, respectively. The most frequent daily average
wind flow vector was toward the southeast on 7 of the sampling days (23%). This is
an expected result, as northwest to southeast flow is considered the dominant wind
pattern for the area. Wind flow toward the south also occurred on 7 days, meaning
that winds blew toward the combined south and southeast quarter of the circle on
approximately 50% of the sampling days. However, average flows toward the north
also occurred on 7 days during the period, producing an overall bimodal wind pattern
for the field study. Winds blew toward the northeast, east, west, and northwest less
frequently (but still for significant periods each). No days had a vector average wind
flow toward the southwest.
5-23
-------
7-1
E SE S SW
Average Wind Flow Vector
W
NW
Figure 5-13. Daily wind flow vector (towards direction noted).
Very Steady Steady Marginally Steady
Persistence Category
Variable
Highly Variable
Figure 5-14. Persistence of daily winds.
5-24
-------
With respect to persistence, winds were "very steady" during three of the
30 sampling days. The wind flow was toward the southeast on two of the days, and
toward the north on the third day. Winds were "steady" during three of the sampling
days as well. The wind flow was toward the southeast on two of the days, and toward
the northwest on the third day. Winds were marginally steady on 7 sampling days
(23%). Winds were variable (9 days) or highly variable (8 days) during 57% of the
sampling days.
Overall, winds were very steady or steady on 20% of the sampling days. It
should be noted that, though steady winds were more often from the assumed
"upwind" direction for the Cordero mine (northwest to southeast flow), there was a
bimodal distribution. Steady or very steady winds came from the opposite direction
1/3 of the time. In fact, winds on one of the steady days were directed consistently
toward the air quality monitoring station designated "upwind" for the Cordero mine.
5.3 SOURCE ACTIVITY SUMMARY
Table 5-5 presents production values (tons) for each monitoring day. Table 5-6
presents "normalized" production values for each monitoring day. "Normalized" refers
to a ratio of each day's material movements to the average value over the 30-day
sampling period. Thus, an ideally "typical" day would have "1.00" under each column,
signifying that on the day in question the average amount of each material was mined.
"Typical" conditions are highly unlikely for the south pit because the mine does not
work that pit every day. Figures 5-15 through 5-17 present graphs of overburden
(dragline and truck/shovel), and coal production over the 30 sampling days.
5-25
-------
TABLE 5-5. DAILY PRODUCTION RATES
Material moved (103 tons)
North pit
Date
5/19
5/21
5/23
5/25
5/27
5/29
5/31
6/02
6/04
6/06
6/08
6/10
6/12
6/14
6/16
6/18
6/22
6/24
6/26
6/28
6/30
7/02
7/04
7/06
7/08
7/10
7/12
7/14
7/16
7/18
Julian day
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
153
155
157
159
161
163
165
167
169
173
175
177
179
181
183
185
187
189
191
193
195
197
199
Dragline
104
89
109
101
43
73
65
95
98
90
72
24
102
78
88
34
24
90
89
95
104
105
100
112
103
116
103
89
95
96
Coal
64
51
62
57
70
62
51
0
92
43
38
76
77
54
50
18
15
23
0
0
51
13
34
46
26
17
31
30
0
48
Overburden
27
6
0
0
3
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
8
42
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
32
66
28
South pit
Coal
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
27
33
20
51
33
4
50
17
0.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
Overburden
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
50
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
1
35
65
0
34
0
0
5-26
-------
TABLE 5-6. NORMALIZED DAILY PRODUCTION RATES
Date
5/19
5/21
5/23
5/25
5/27
5/29
5/31
6/02
6/04
6/06
6/08
6/10
6/12
6/14
6/16
6/18
6/22
6/24
6/26
6/28
6/30
7/02
7/04
7/06
7/08
7/10
7/12
7/14
7/16
7/18
Julian
day
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
153
155
157
159
161
163
165
167
169
173
175
177
179
181
183
185
187
189
191
193
195
197
199
Dragline3
1.21
1.04
1.27
1.18
0.50
0.85
0.76
1.10
1.14
1.05
0.84
0.28
1.19
0.91
1.02
0.39
0.28
1.05
1.04
1.11
1.21
1.22
1.16
1.30
1.20
1.35
1.20
1.03
1.11
1.12
Coalb
1.60
1.28
1.55
1.42
1.74
1.56
1.28
0.00
2.30
1.08
0.96
1.91
1.93
1.36
1.26
0.46
0.38
0.57
0.00
0.00
1.27
0.32
0.84
1.16
0.66
0.42
0.78
0.75
0.00
1.21
Truck/shovel
North pit
Overburden^
3.16
0.68
0.00
0.00
0.34
0.00
0.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.99
4.97
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.74
3.73
7.74
3.28
operations
Coal"
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.42
4.14
2.49
6.42
4.14
0.54
6.24
2.07
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
South pit
Overburden6*
0.00
1.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.76
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.08
0.00
0.17
4.87
9.19
0.00
4.83
0.00
0.00
a Normalized to 86,000 tons of overburden per day.
b Normalized to 40,000 tons of coal per day.
c Normalized to 8,500 tons of overburden per day.
d Normalized to 8,000 tons of coal per day.
e Normalized to 7,100 tons of overburden per day.
5-27
-------
150
120
I 90
o
"I
a.
>- 60
'3
G
30
5/19
5/29
6/8
6/18
Date
6/28
7/8
7/18
Figure 5-15. Daily overburden removal by dragline.
5-28
-------
150
— North Pit
— South Pit
120
o
o
T3
90
•<5 60
30
5/19
5/29
6/8
6/18
Date
6/28
7/8
7/18
Figure 5-16. Daily overburden removal by truck/shovel.
5-29
-------
Daily Production (103 tons)
CO
o
Ol
o
n
8" oo
00
oo
03Z
-------
Several items deserve mention. First, calculated production values tend to
overestimate the "true" production because:
(a) All haul trucks are considered to be 240-ton,
(b) All haul trucks moving in the "loaded" direction are assumed to be loaded, and
(c) Minor downtime is not taken into consideration.
Second, the field sampling program encountered higher than average precipitation,
and day-to-day mining operations were affected to some extent. Nevertheless, it
appears that mining operations taken as a whole during the field program were
reasonably close to what would be expected. For example, the June 1993 mine plan
called for:
(a) Mining of an average of 43,000 tons per day for a total of 1,300,000 tons of north
pit coal,
(b) No mining of south pit coal,
(c) Removal of approximately 100,000 tons per day of overburden by dragline, for a
total of 1,800,000 banked cubic yards (bey),
(d) Movement of approximately 10,000 tons per day of overburden in the north pit
area by truck shovel operations, for a total of 200,000 bey, and
(e) Truck/shovel movement of approximately 3,000 tons per day, on average, of
overburden in the south pit area, for a total of 50,000 bey.
5-31
-------
Because the mine typically finalizes monthly mine plans at mid-month, the field
program ran roughly concurrent with the May and June periods. Table 5-7 presents a
comparison between production planned for May and June and the average material
movement on sampling days.
TABLE 5-7. COMPARISON OF MAY AND JUNE MINING PLANS WITH
AVERAGE MATERIAL MOVEMENT ON SAMPLING DAYS (tons/day)3
Material
North pit coal
South pit coal
Total coal
Dragline overburden
North pit truck/shovel
overburden
South pit truck/shovel
overburden
Total overburden
May mine
plan
32,000
0
32,000
110,000
17,000
2,800
130,000
June mine
plan
43,000
0
43,000
100,000
10,000
3,000
113,000
Material movement on sampling days
May
60,000
0
60,000
84,000
5,100
1,000
90,000
June
39,000
12,000
51,000
77,000
3,900
4,500
85,000
July
27,000
7,400
34,000
102,000
18,000
16,000
136,000
Average
40,000
8,000
48,000
86,000
8,500
7,100
102,000
a July mining plan finalized at the end of the monitoring period.
"Normalizing" factors in Table 5-6.
In general, although there is substantial month-to-month difference, average
values over the monitoring period are fairly comparable. South pit movements of coal
and overburden tended to be slightly higher, and dragline production was slightly lower
than planned.
Table 5-8 presents the road surface moisture contents derived from sampling
conducted as part of the monitoring program. Moisture content is required as a
correction parameter in the new haul road equation (Muleski et al., 1994) developed
from the 1992 emission testing at the Cordero Mine.
Uncontrolled daily emission estimates are presented in Table 5-9. These were
found by adding together the hourly emission rates presented in the data files
VEHICLE.OUT, MATHAND.OUT, and DRAG.OUT.
5-32
-------
TABLE 5-8. ROAD SURFACE MOISTURE CONTENT
Type
Coal haul ramps
North pit
South pit
Main coal haul roads
From north pit
From south pit
Overburden haul roads
North pit
South pit
Access roads
Road IDa
G
F
A
T
M
Z
D
E
X
V
B
C
No. samples
taken
12
14
11
Mean
6
Overall mean
24
7
Overall mean
7
6
Mean
7
5
Mean
Overall mean
4
7
Overall mean
Mean moisture
content (%)
6.1
6.4
4.4
5.7
5.4
5.7
6.1
3.5
5.5
4.8
4.7
4.8
7.6
11
9.0
6.8
1.5
2.5
2.1
a See Figure 2-8.
5-33
-------
TABLE 5-9. ESTIMATED UNCONTROLLED EMISSIONS (tons/day)
Vehicle-related
Date
5/19
5/21
5/23
5/25
5/27
5/29
5/31
6/02
6/04
6/06
6/08
6/10
6/12
6/14
6/16
6/18
6/22
6/26
6/26
6/28
6/30
7/02
7/04
7/06
7/06
7/08
7/10
7/12
7/14
7/16
7/18
Julian day
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
153
155
157
159
161
163
165
167
169
173
175
177
179
181
183
185
187
189
189
191
193
195
197
199
PM-10
2.69
1.79
2.47
1.65
1.66
1.74
1.55
0.631
3.70
2.12
1.93
3.23
3.05
2.50
1.76
2.46
1.87
2.01
2.45
2.40
1.80
3.47
1.88
1.71
1.47
1.47
1.35
1.71
2.18
1.26
2.78
TSP
17.9
11.9
16.5
10.9
11.0
11.6
10.3
4.15
24.6
14.1
12.8
21.5
20.3
16.6
11.7
16.3
12.4
13.4
16.3
16.0
12.0
23.1
12.5
11.3
9.78
9.78
8.99
11.4
14.5
8.40
18.5
Truck/shovel material
handling
PM-10
0.10
0.070
0.070
0.064
0.081
0.070
0.058
0.059
0.10
0.049
0.044
0.090
0.097
0.11
0.070
0.051
0.054
0.061
0.063
0.059
0.079
0.097
0.057
0.053
0.075
0.075
0.092
0.080
0.11
0.044
0.098
TSP
0.22
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.17
0.15
0.12
0.12
0.22
0.11
0.093
0.19
0.21
0.23
0.15
0.11
0.11
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.17
0.21
0.12
0.11
0.16
0.16
0.19
0.17
0.23
0.094
0.21
Dragline
PM-10
0.058
0.050
0.061
0.057
0.024
0.041
0.037
0.053
0.055
0.051
0.040
0.013
0.057
0.044
0.049
0.019
0.013
0.051
0.050
0.054
0.058
0.059
0.056
0.062
0.058
0.058
0.065
0.058
0.049
0.054
0.054
TSP
0.12
0.11
0.13
0.12
0.051
0.087
0.078
0.11
0.12
0.11
0.085
0.028
0.12
0.093
0.10
0.040
0.028
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.11
0.11
5-34
-------
5.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE RESULTS
In this section, the primary results of the quality control/quality assurance checks
conducted during this study are summarized. These include filter field blank
measurements, data completeness values, and a summary of the quality assurance
audit reports. Precision of the collocated PM-10 measurements was presented
previously in Section 5.3.
5.4.1 Filter Field Blank Measurements
A total of 30 blank filters were collected in the field representing three different
sampling periods. The equivalent TSP and PM-10 concentrations associated with
these blanks were calculated according to EPA guidelines using the net weight
difference (i.e., final weight - tare weight) for each filter divided by a nominal air
volume of 1,600 rrr for a 24-h period (EPA, 1990). The results of these calculations
are presented in Table 5-10 and 5-11 for TSP and PM-10, respectively, in rank order
of the highest to the lowest value for each pollutant. Also presented in Tables 5-10
and 5-11 are the average concentrations obtained for the entire data set.
As shown by Tables 5-10 and 5-11, none of the PM-10 field blanks exceeded the
o
nominal concentration of 5 fig/nrr specified by EPA as the integrity criterion for routine
air monitoring (EPA, 1990). In addition, if this same criterion also was applied to the
blank filters for TSP, only 10% (i.e., 3 out of 30 filters) of the total blanks collected
would exceed the 5 jig/m3 value. Considering the traditional problems with high static
mode deposition for TSP filters, the field blank values presented in Table 5-10 suggest
that very high quality data were collected in the field study.
5-35
-------
TABLE 5-10. PM-10 FILTER BLANK VALUES
Station
MRI-6
MRI-6
MRI-4
HV-2
HV-3
HV-2A
HV-2
MRI-2
HV-2A
MRI-1
HV-1
MRI-3
MRI-2
MRI-5
HV-1
MRI-5
MRI-1
MRI-4
MRI-5
HV-3
MRI-3
MRI-3
MRI-4
HV-2
MRI-2
HV-2A
HV-1
MRI-1
HV-3
MRI-6
Date
930621
930719
930620
930719
930621
930621
930621
930621
930719
930621
930621
930719
930620
930621
930719
930719
930620
930621
930620
930719
930621
930620
930719
930620
930719
930620
930620
930719
930620
930620
Exposed blank
weight (mg)
4400.90
4614.85
4685.70
4588.55
4439.60
4359.45
4436.40
4631.30
4680.25
4640.65
4308.20
4617.25
4565.95
4453.90
4670.30
4578.55
4630.90
4410.55
4583.70
4633.95
4441.15
4678.90
4625.10
4625.40
4457.55
4497.55
4333.35
4405.40
4627.00
4763.40
Calculated
Tare blank Net blank concentration3
weight (mg) weight (mg) (ug/m3)
4397.65
4611.65
4682.65
4585.65
4436.75
4356.65
4433.60
4628.55
4677.55
4637.95
4305.55
4614.60
4563.35
4451.35
4667.75
4576.00
4628.40
4408.10
4581.30
4631.60
4438.85
4676.60
4623.00
4623.50
4455.90
4495.90
4331.75
4403.85
4625.80
4762.35
Average
3.25
3.20
3.05
2.90
2.85
2.80
2.80
2.75
2.70
2.70
2.65
2.65
2.60
2.55
2.55
2.55
2.50
2.45
2.40
2.35
2.30
2.30
2.10
1.90
1.65
1.65
1.60
1.55
1.20
1.05
2.38
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.8
0.6
1.5
a Concentration calculated using assumed 1600-m3 sample volume.
5-36
-------
TABLE 5-11. TSP FILTER BLANK VALUES
Station
MRI-6
MRI-5
MRI-2
MRI-1
MRI-3
MRI-4
HV-2
HV-1
HV-3
HV-2A
MRI-5
MRI-2
MRI-3
MRI-6
MRI-1
MRI-3
MRI-1
HV-2
HV-1
MRI-4
MRI-6
HV-3
MRI-2
HV-2A
HV-1
MRI-5
HV-3
HV-2
MRI-4
HV-2A
Date
930719
930719
930719
930719
930719
930719
930719
930719
930719
930719
930621
930620
930621
930621
930620
930620
930621
930621
930621
930620
930620
930621
930621
930620
930620
930620
930620
930620
930621
930621
Exposed blank
weight (mg)
4427.90
4446.25
4427.20 -
4417.55
4395.00
4402.00
4440.10
4383.10
4428.30
4417.05
4498.70
4442.90
4523.85
4510.35
4495.00
4460.70
4471.30
4487.30
4441 .60
4459.20
4504.90
4416.35
4441.90
4482.20
4511.80
4431.15
4418.70
4508.10
4451.30
4521.20
Tare blank
weight (mg)
4407.00
4433.65
4417.05
4411.00
4388.60
4397.80
4436.25
4379.45
4424.95
4414.20
4495.90
4440.35
4522.10
4508.95
4493.75
4459.50
4470.25
4486.30
4440.75
4458.35
4504.20
4415.90
4441.55
4482.00
4511.60
4431.05
4418.65
4508.10
4451 .45
4521.60
Average
Net blank
weight (mg)
20.9
12.6
10.2
6.55
6.40
4.20
3.85
3.65
3.35
2.85
2.80
2.55
1.75
1.40
1.25
1.20
1.05
1.00
0.85
0.85
0.70
0.45
0.35
0.20
0.20
0.10
0.05
0
-0.15
-0.40
3.02
Calculated
concentration3
(ug/m3)
13.1
7.9
6.3
4.1
4.0
2.6
2.4
2.3
2.1
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
-0.1
-0.2
1.9
a Concentration calculated using assumed 1600-m3 air volume.
5-37
-------
5.4.2 Air Quality Measurement Completeness
During this study an overall data completeness of 93% (555 valid TSP and
PM-10 samples out of a possible 600) was achieved for the ambient air quality
monitoring performed. Table 5-12 summarizes the number of valid TSP and PM-10
samples obtained during the 30 days on which monitoring was conducted.
TABLE 5-12. AIR QUALITY MONITORING DATA COMPLETENESS
PM-10
TSP
Valid samples
279
276
Possible
samples
300
300
Percent
complete
93
92
5.4.3 Quality Assurance Audits
Data quality objectives and requirements were presented in the Quality
Assurance Plan (Section 2.5). The primary parameters to be accurately measured
were the temperature, relative humidity, and filter weights in the weighing room; and
the sampler flow, time, temperature, pressure, wind direction, wind speed, and
precipitation in the field.
Audits were conducted by MRI and Inter-Mountain Laboratories, Inc. (IML) staff.
The results of the IML audits are provided in Appendix F. Records were properly
documented, equipment calibration met the requirements, data were accurately
transferred and calculated, and the accuracy data quality objectives (DQOs) were met
except for the items listed in the QA audit report in Appendix E. The overall accuracy
of the ambient air quality monitoring was within 10%. The standard deviation of
collocated measurements at less than 10% was within the criterion of 15%, specified
in Table 2-6.
5-38
-------
The major issue was that the MRI and IML results for the sampler flow checks
did not match. According to IML, one sampler did not pass the 7% criterion during the
June audit, and four samplers did not pass the criterion during the July audit. The
worst result for a sampler was a 28% deviation. MRI results showed that the
samplers met the calibration requirements. MRI's results were based on properly
calibrated equipment that was traceable to primary standards or procedures. IML's
thermometers were stated to be traceable to Japanese standards, but no other
information was available at the time of the MRI audit. IML's barometer was stated to
not be traceable to NIST standards. Therefore, the MRI results should be used.
In some cases the accuracy objectives for this study were more stringent than
the calibration criteria allowed. Because the calibration criteria were met in these
cases, the data are still considered valid. In addition, the completeness objective for
air quality measurements was stated separately in terms of the sampling (flow and
duration) objective and the filter weighing objective. This objective should have been
specified as a composite of the two and expressed in terms of measurement results
usable as the end product.
5-39
-------
SECTION 6
REFERENCES
Dailey, Bernard J. (1984). Internal Technical Memorandum, "Model Validation
Study: Coal Mine Application." Wyoming Department of Environmental
Quality, Cheyenne, WY, May 8.
Irwin, J. S., and J. S. Touma (1992). Personal communication.
Kinsey J. S., G. E. Muleski, and C. R. Hodgin (1993). Modeling Fugitive Dust
Impacts from Surface Coal Mining Operations—Phase I: Study Plan.
EPA Contract No. 68-D2-0159, Work Assignment No. 8, Midwest
Research Institute, Kansas City, MO, April 2.
Komp, Mark J., Donald F. Elias, Thomas M. Swain, and Mickey R. Meyers
(1984). "Comparison of Two Air Quality Models (COM and ISC)
Predicted Concentrations for Surface Mining." Paper No. 84-15.4,
presented at the 77th Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control
Association, San Francisco, CA, June 24-29.
Martner, Brooks E. (1986). Wyoming Climate Atlas, University of Nebraska Press,
432 pp.
Muleski, G. E, C. Cole, and S. Vardiman (1991). Development of a Plan for Surface
Coal Mine Study. Final Report, EPA Contract No. 68-DO-0137, Work
6-1
-------
Assignment 68, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC, October 29.
Muleski, G. E., G. Garman, and C. Cowherd, Jr. (1994). Surface Coal Mine Emission
Factor Study. Revised Draft Final Test Report, EPA Contract No. 68-DO-0123,
Work Assignments 37 and 55, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC, January 17.
Rupprecht and Patashnick, Inc. (1993). Operating Manual TEOM® Series 1400a
Ambient Paniculate (PM-10) Monitor. Revision 2.10, Albany, NY, February.
Shearer, D. L., R. A. Dougherty, and C. C. Easterbrook (1981). Coal Mining Emission
Factor Development and Modeling Study, TRC Environmental Consultants, July.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1977). Quality Assurance Handbook for Air
Pollution Measurements, Volume II—Ambient Air Specific Methods. EPA-
600/4-77-027a, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park,
NC, May (plus supplements dated January 1983 and January 1990).
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1985/1986/1988/1990/1991). Compilation of
Air Pollution Emission Factors, AP-42, 4th Edition, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Supplement A, October 1986.
Supplement B, September 1988. Supplement C, September 1990.
Supplement D, September 1991.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1987). On-Site Meteorological Program
Guidance for Regulatory Modeling Applications, EPA-450/4-87-013, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
6-2
-------
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1987). Ambient Monitoring Guidelines for
Prevention of Significant Deterioration. EPA-450/4-87-007, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1988). Control of Open Fugitive Dust
Sources. EPA-450/3-88-008, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC, September.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1989). Quality Assurance for Air
Pollution Measurements Systems—Volume 4—Meteorological
Measurements. EPA-600/4-90/003, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, August.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1990). PM-10 Flow/Mass/Time: Reference
Method for the Determination of Particulate Matter as PM-10 in the Atmosphere
(High Volume PM-10 Sampler Method), Volume II, Section 2.11, January.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Quality Assurance Project Plans for
Environmental Data Operations. EPA QA/R-5, Quality Assurance Management
Staff, Washington, DC.
Vardiman, S., and K. Winges (1991). Powder River Basin Model Validation Analysis.
TRC Environmental Consultants, Englewood, CO, August 2.
Yamartino, R. J. (1984). "A comparison of several 'single-pass' estimators of the
Vstandard deviation of wind direction," J. Climate Appl. Meteor., Vol. 23,
pp. 1362-1366.
6-3
-------
APPENDIX A
DATA SHEETS USED IN EXAMPLE AIR QUALITY CALCULATION
This appendix contains the data sheets mentioned in Table 4-1 of the report.
Entries used in the example calculation are circled.
-------
Sampler
P, 1-S.11 in. Hg
BQ Serial Number
VFC SAMPLER SINGLE POINT FLOW CHECK
VFC Serial Number %
Q.
" m. Hg = in. H20/I3.6l
c p _ p .p
ro - ~, ~l
" from Look-Up table
QC % Difference • [l] x ^QQ
Q. (coneaed sampler) - (3) x [
10° "
40
A-1
-------
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY FIELD FILTER LOG
Project No. 3806 Date 4-^tfr Recorded by
Site No.
MRI-1
XM^}
N ^
MRI-3
MRI-4
MRI-5
MRI-6
HV-1
HV-2
///-2^
HV-3
Sampler
type'
TSP
PM-10
^^~^~~r\\
^^^^^^^— ^*"'
TSP
PM-10
TSP
PM-10
TSP
PM-10
TSP
PM-10
PM-10
Saturation
TSP
PM-10
TSP,
PM-10,
TSP2
PM-102
TSP
PM-10
Filter
ID no.
932 Mfib
9322^
^9322 CPg )
9321
-------
Filter
Number
First Weigh j
Audi:
Weight I
(mg) By
Date
Weight
(mg)
Difference
Meers
G.A. ?
1
3v i Date
Re we i or
Weignt
(mg)
3y 1 Dare
""
(.A:
fc;7
0
o rv
/, 2 c
•/<•/ T/,
. 10
V
. c, ,
Note: * By Audir Weight Indicates Audit of Reweigh
Comments:
A-3
-------
First Weigti
Weight
By
Date
Weight
Auc "
Difference (Meets
(mg)
Q.A. ?
By
Date
Reweigr
'
-------
>
en
-------
Pig* 7 of 3
LOOKUP TABLE FOR ASI/CHU VFC S/N P01575
Calibrated 07/23/1992
TEMPERATURE 'f Flow rate ft3/mn (actual)
Po/Pa
0.930
0.931
0.932
0.933
0.934
0.935
0.936
0.937
0.938
0.939
0.940
0.941
0.942
0.943
0.944
0.945
0.946
0.947
0.948
0.949
0.950
0.951
0.952
0.953
0.954
0.955
0.956
y&^
^958^
ITTW
0.960
0.961
0.962
0.963
0.964
0.965
0.966
0.967
0.968
0.969
0.970
0.971
0.972
0.973
0.974
0.975
0.976
0.977
0.978
0.979
C£>
39.48
39.52
39.57
39.61
39.65
39.70
39.74
39.79
39.83
39.38
39.92
39.97
40.01
40.06
40.10
40.15
40.19
40.24
40.28
40.33
40.37
40.41
40.46
40.50
40.55
40.59
40.64
4fl,68
-------
Pag* 6 of 3
Po/Pi
LOOKUP TABLE FOR ASI/GHW VFC S/N P0(l575y
TEMPERATURE *F Flow rate ft3/min (actual)
Calibrated 07/23/1992
18
26
38
50
66 Pa/Pa
0.930
0.931
0.932
0.933
0.934
0.935
0.936
0.937
0.938
0.939
0.940
0.941
0.942
0.943
0.944
0.945
0.946
0.947
0.948
0.949
0.950
0.951
0.952
0.953
0.954
0.955
0.956
0.957
0.958
0.959
0.960
0.961
0.962
0.963
0.964
0.965
0.966
0.967
0.968
0.969
0.970
0.971
0.972
0.973
0.974
0.975
0.976
0.977
0.978
0.979
38.42
38.46
38.51
38.55
38.59
38.64
38.68
38.72
38.77
38.81
38.35
38.90
38.94
38.99
39.03
39.07
39.12
39.16
39.20
39.25
39.29
39.33
39.38
39.42
39.46
39.51
39.55
39.59
39.64
39.63
39.73
39.77
39.81
39.86
39.90
39.94
39.99
40.03
40.07
40.12
40.16
40.20
40.25
40.29
40.34
40.38
40.42
40.47
40.51
40.55
38.56
38.61
38.65
38.69
38.74
38.78
38.82
38.87
38.91
38.96
39.00
39.04
39.09
39.13
39.17
39.22
39.26
39.30
39.35
39.39
39.44
39.43
39.52
39.57
39.61
39.65
39.70
39.74
39.79
39.83
39.87
39.92
39.96
40.00
40.05
40.09
40.14
40.18
40.22
40.27
40.31
40.35
40.40
40.44
40.49
40.53
40.57
40.62
40.66
40.70
38.70
38.75
38.79
38.34
38.38
38.92
38.97
39.01
39.06
39.10
39.14
39.19
39.23
39.27
39.32
39.36
39.41
39.45
39.49
39.54
39.58
39.63
39.67
39.71
39.76
39.80
39.34
39.89
39.93
39.98
40.02
40.06
40.11
40.15
40.20
40.24
40.28
40.33
40.37
40.41
40.46
40.50
40.55
40.59
40.63
40.68
40.72
40.77
40.81
40.35
38.35
38.39
38.93
38.98
39.02
39.07
39.11
39.15
39.20
39.24
39.29
39.33
39.37
39.42
39.46
39.51
39.55
39.59
39.64
39.68
39.73
39.77
39.31
39.36
39.90
39.95
39.99
40.03
40.08
40.12
40.17
40.21
40.25
40.30
40.34
40.39
40.43
40.47
40.52
40.56
40.61
40.65
40.69
40.74
40.78
40.83
40.87
40.92
40.96
41.00
38.99
39.03
39.08
39.12
39.16
39.21
39.25
39.30
39.34
39.38
39.43
39.47
39.52
39.56
39.61
39.65
39.69
39.74
39.78
39.83
39.37
39.91
39.96
40.00
40.05
40.09
40.14
40.18
40.22
40.27
40.31
40.36
40.40
40.44
40.49
40.53
40.53
40.62
40.67
40.71
40.75
40.80
40.84
40.89
40.93
40.98
41.02
41.06
41.11
41.15
39.13
39.17
39.22
39.26
39.30
39.35
39.39
39.44
39.48
39.53
39.57
39.61
39.66
39.70
39.75
39.79
39.84
39.88
39.92
39.97
40.01
40.06
40.10
40.15
40.19
40.24
40.28
40.32
40.37
40.41
40.46
40.50
40.55
40.59
40.63
40.68
40.72
40.77
40.81
40.86
40.90
40.95
40.99
41.03
41.08
41.12
41.17
41.21
41.26
41.30
39.27
39.31
39.36
39.40
39.44
39.49
39.53
39.58
39.62
39.67
39.71
39.76
39.80
39.85
39.89
39.93
39.98
40.02
40.07
40.11
40.16
40.20
40.25
40.29
40.33
40.38
40.42
40.47
40.51
40.56
40.60
40.65
40.69
40.74
40.78
40.32
40.87
40.91
40.96
41.00
41.05
41.09
41.14
41.18
41.23
41.27
41.31
41.36
41.40
41.45
39.41
39.45
39.50
39.54
39.58
39.63
39.67
39.72
39.76
39.81
39.85
39.90
39.94
39.99
40.03
40.08
40.12
40.16
40.21
40.25
40.30
40.34
40.39
40.43
40.48
40.52
40.57
40.61
40.66
40.70
40.75
40.79
40.83
40.88
40.92
40.97
41.01
41.06
41.10
41.15
41.19
41.24
41.28
41.33
41.37
41.42
41.46
41.51
41.55
41.59
39.54
39.59
39.63
39.68
39.72
39.77
39.81
39.86
39.90
39.95
39.99
40.34
40.08
40.13
40. -,7
40.22
40.26
40.31
40.35
40.40
40.44
40.49
40.53
40.53
40.62
40.66
40.71
40.75
40.30
40.34
40.39
40.93
40.98
41.02
41.07
41.11
41.16
41.20
41.25
41.29
41.34
41.38
41.43
41.47
41.52
41.56
41.61
41.65
41.70
41.74
39.68
39.73
39.77
39.32
39.36
39.91
39.95
40.00
40.04
40.09
40.13
40.18
40.22
40.27
40.31
40.36
40.40
40.45
40.49
40.54
40.53
40.63
40.67
40.72
40.76
40.31
40.35
40.90
40.94
40.99
41.03
41.08
41.12
41.17
41.21
41.26
41.30
41.35
41.39
41.44
41.48
41.53
41.57
41.62
41.66
41.71
41.75
41.80
41.84
41.89
39.82
39.87
39.91
39.96
40.00
40.05
40.09
40.14
40.18
40.23
40.27
40.32
40.36
40.41
40.45
40.50
40.54
40.59
40.63
40.68
40.72
40.77
40.81
40.36
40.90
40.95
40.99
41.04
(iToT)
41.17
41.22
41.26
41.31
41.35
41.40
41.44
41.49
41.54
41.58
41.63
41.67
41.72
41.76
41.81
41.85
41.90
41.94
41.99
42.03
39.96
40.00
40.05
40.09
40.14
40.18
40.23
40.27
40.32
40.36
40.41
40.46
40.50
40.55
40.59
40.64
40.68
40.73
40.77
40.32
40.36
40.91
40.95
41.00
41.04
41.09
41.13
41.18
41.23
41.27
41.32
41.36
41.41
41.45
41.50
41.54
41.59
41.63
41.68
41.72
41.77
41.81
41.86
41.90
41.95
42.00
42.04
42.09
42.13
42.18
40.09) 0.930
40.14) 0.931
40.19) 0.932
40.23) 0.933
40.28) 0.934
I
40.32) 0.935
40.37) 0.936
40.41) 0.937
40.46) 0.938
40.50) 0.939
I
40.55) 0.940
40.59J 0.941
40.64) 0.942
40.68) 0.943
40.73) 0.944
!
40.78) 0.945
40.82) 0.94o
40.37) 0.947
40.91) 0.948
40.96) 0.949
I
1
41.00) 0.950
41.05) 0.951
41.09) 0.952
41.14) 0.953
41.18) 0.954
1
41.23) 0.955
41.23) 0.956
41.32| OJ5Z,
41. 37(^0. 958
41.41 B.??"?'
41.46 0.960
41.50) 0.961
41.55) 0.962
41.59) 0.963
41.64) 0.964
41.63 - 0.965
41.73) 0.966
41.78) 0.967
41.82) 0.968
41.87) 0.969
I
41.91) 0.970
41.96| 0.971
42.00) 0.972
42.05) 0.973
42.09) 0.974
1
42.14) 0.975
42.18) 0.976
42.23) 0.977
42.28) 0.978
42.32) 0.979
A-7
-------
APPENDIX B
AIR QUALITY MAPS AND SUPPORTING DATA
-------
This page intentionally left blank.
B-1
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
May 19,1993
Temp.
Max: 61
Avg: 51
Min: 39
Precipitation Hn.l
Today: 0.00
Day-1: 0.03
Day-2: 0.01
Wind Speed fMPHl
Max: 13
Avg: 9
Min: 5
| Resultant Wind
From: 005° to: 185°
at: 6 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 55°
Type: Variable
Modes: 2
JULIAN DAY 139
WIND DIRECTION (eteg from north)
360
270
180
90
0 •
_L
MIDNIGHT
5 a»
10 am
3 pn
8 pm MIDNIGHT
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 5/19/93
Dragline 1.21 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 1.60 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 3.16 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.00 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.00 x 7,100 tpd
5/19 Five 240 ton trucks haul north pit coal during the day shift. Three 240 trucks
haul north coal, and 1-170 and 1-240 truck move north pit overburden on the
evening shift.
B-2
-------
HV-2
(2 measurements)
Entrance Road to
Cabala Ron Mm*
Ambient
Concentrations
93-33 ORB. m» 1 083093
B-3
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
May 21,1993
Temp. (°F
Max: 78
Avg: 61
Min: 48
Precipitation Cm.)
Today: 0.54
Day -1: 0.00
Day-2: 0.00
Wind Speed (MPH)
Max: 26
Avg: 14
Min: 5
Resultant Wind
From: 210° to: 030°
at: 7 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 72°
Type: Highly Variable
Modes: 2
JULIAN DAY 141
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360 •
370
180
90
0 •
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 5/21/93
Dragline 1.04 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 1.28 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.68 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.00 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 1.01 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT
10
3 pm 8 pm MIDNIGHT
5/21 Five 240 ton trucks haul coal from north pit at 0000-0300. From 1000-1200,
2-240 trucks haul overburden in the north, and 3 haul overburden in the south.
At 1230, 5 trucks resume coal hauling from the north, which continues all day.
B-4
-------
5/21/13
Burlmgton-Nortnem
Rail Line
Scale
I I I I I 13000ft
Entrance Road to
CabaBo Ron Mine
HV-2
(2 measurements)
Ambient
Concentrations
93-33 OREL mw> 1 083093
B-5
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
May 23,1993
Temp. f°R
Max: 55
Avg: 48
Min: 39
Precipitation Hn.l
Today: 0.00
Day-1: 0.04
Day-2: 0.54
Wind Speed fMPH)
Max: 27
Avg: 16
Min: 7
Resultant Wind
From: 333° to: 153°
at: 16 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 14°
Type: Very Steady
Modes: 1
JULIAN DAY 143
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360
270
180
90
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 5/23/93
Dragline 1.27 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 1.55 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.00 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.00 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.00 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT
5 an
10 Ml
8 pm MIDNIGHT
5/23 Five 240 ton trucks haul coal from the north at 0000-0300. One 170 and
4-240 trucks haul coal from the north at 0600-2400. Light rain at 0630-0830.
B-6
-------
Entnne* Road to
Cabalto Ron Mira
15 yHV-2
(2 measurements)
fc.2 ^
Ambient
Concentrations
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
May 25,1993
Temp. f°R
Max: 68
Avg: 54
Min: 36
Precipitation Cm.)
Today: 0.00
Day -1: 0.00
Day-2: 0.00
Wind Speed fMPH)
Max: 12
Avg: 8
Min: 3
Resultant Wind
From: 174° to: 354°
at: 7 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions:
Type: Marginally Steady
Modes: 1
28°
JULIAN DAY US
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360 •
270
180
90
JL
J_
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 5/25/93
Dragline 1.18 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 1.42 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.00 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.00 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.00 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT
5 am
10 M
3 p.
8 pm MIDNIGHT
5/25 Two 170 trucks haul parting within the north pit at 0000-0300. Four 240
trucks haul north pit coal at the same time. From 0700-1600, 2-240 trucks
haul north pit parting and 4-240 trucks haul north pit coal. At 1745-2120, 1-
1-170 and 3-240 trucks haul coal from the north. From 2120-2400, 4-240
trucks haul north coal.
B-8
-------
Scale
H—h—)—H—hH 3000 ft
—I 1 1 H*m
Entrance Road to
Cabaln Rop Mm*
^ 3
HV-2
(2 measurements)
Ambient
Concentrations
93-33 OREL nop 1 083093
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
May 27,1993
Temp. (°R
Max: 67
Avg: 59
Min: 47
Precipitation (in.)
Today: 0.71
Day -1: 0.00
Day-2: 0.00
Wind Speed fMPH)
Max: 16
Avg: 10
Min: 6
Resultant Wind
From: 009° to: 189°
at: 7 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 52°
Type: Variable
Modes: Multiple
JULIAN DAY 147
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360 -
270
180
90
MIDNIGHT
J_
-L
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 5/27/93
Dragline 0.50 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 1.74 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.34 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.00 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.00 x 7,100 tpd
10 M
3 pi
8 pM MIDNIGHT
5/27 One 170 and 4-240 trucks haul north pit coal at 0000-0300. Five 240 trucks
haul north coal from 0600-2400. Rain begins at 2230.
B-10
-------
Scale
H—I I I I laoooft
—I 1
Entrance Road to
Cabatio Roio Min»
5/27/^3
HV-2
(2 measurements)
Ambient
Concentrations
93-33 OREL mu> 1 (03093
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
May 29,1993
Temp. f°F)
Max: 72
Avg: 59
Min: 50
Precipitation fin.)
Today: 0.01
Day-1: 0.34
Day-2: 0.71
Wind Speed (MPm
Max: 20
Avg: 10
Min: 3
Resultant Wind
From: 296° to: 116°
at: 3 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 85°
Type: Highly Variable
Modes: 2
JULIAN DAY U9
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360
270
180
90
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 5/29/93
Dragline 0.85 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 1.56 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.00 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.00 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.00 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT
5 an
10 an
8 pm MIDNIGHT
5/29 Four 240 trucks haul north pit coal at 0000-0300. Heavy rain during this time.
Five trucks on north coal 0600-1600. North pit coal blast at 1630, after which
4-240 trucks resume coal haulage until 2400. Light rain from 1815-1915.
B-12
-------
u\
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
May 31,1993
Temp. (°F)
Max: 73
Avg: 61
Min: 46
Precipitation Cm.}
Today: 0.00
Day -1: 0.00
Day-2: 0.01
Wind Speed (MPH1
Max: 20
Avg: 10
Min: 4
Resultant Wind
From: 149° to: 329°
at:10MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 21'
Type: Steady
Modes: 1
JULIAN DAY 151
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360
270
180
90
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 5/31/93
Dragline 0.76 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 1.28 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.00 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.00 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.00 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT
10
8 pm MIDNIGHT
5/31 Five 240 trucks haul north pit coal from 0000-0300, as well as 0600-1600.
No evening shift activity.
B-14
-------
Burlington-Nortnem
Rail Line
Seal*
I I I I I 1 3000(1
1
Entrance Bold to
Cabatio Ron Mine
5/BI/13
HV-2
(2 measurements)
Ambient
Concentrations
U-33 OREL mw 1 083093
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
June 2,1993
Temp. f°F
Max: 59
Avg: 52
Min: 47
Precipitation fin.)
Today: 0.00
Day-1: 0.47
Day-2: 0.00
Wind Speed (MPH)
Max: 18
Avg: 13
Min: 7
Resultant Wipd.
From: 347° to: 167°
at: 10 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 49°
Type: Variable
Modes: 2
JULIAN DAY 153
WIND DIRECTION (deg fron north)
360
270
180
90
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 6/02/93
Dragline 1.10 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 0.00 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.45 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.00 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 7.03 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT
10
3 pro 8 pm MIDNIGHT
6/2 No activity except dragline at 0000-0600. Three 240 trucks moved north pit
overburden at 0600-0800, then they switch to south pit overburden until
2400. North pit overburden blast at 1615. No dust plumes in the morning, as
roads are wet from rain the previous night. Becomes dusty in the afternoon,
then rain at 2030-2400.
-------
Entranca Road to
Cabala Ron Mira
HV-2
(2 measurements)
Ambient
Concentrations
93-33 ORB. fine 1 063093
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
June 4,1993
Temp. f°R
Max: 61
Avg: 49
Min: 38
Precipitation (i
Today: 0.00
Day-1: 0.38
Day-2: 0.00
Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 11 °
Type: Very Steady
Modes: 1
Wind Speed (MPH)
Max: 24
Avg: 18
Min: 8
Resultant
From: 167° to: 347°
at:18MPH
JULIAN DAY 155
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360
270
180
90
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 6/04/93
Dragline 1.14 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 2.30 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.00 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.00 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.00 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT
5 am
10
3 pm
8 pm MIDNIGHT
6/4 Five 240 and 1-170 truck haul north pit coal 0000-0300. The same trucks
haul north coal again at 0600-2400. Roads are wet in the morning, becoming
dusty at 1130-2200. Light rain starts at 2212.
B-18
-------
Entrance Road to
Cabatoo ROKJ Mint
Ambient
Concentrations
Scale
I I I I I |3000ft
HV-2
(2 measurements)
93-33 OREL map 1 083003
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
June 6,1993
Temp.
Max: 60
Avg: 53
Min: 48
Precipitation Cm.}
Today: 0.61
Day-1: 0.08
Day-2: 0.00
Wind Speed (MPm
Max: 19
Avg: 10
Min: 5
Resultant Wind
From: 101° to: 281°
at: 5 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 66°
Type: Variable
Modes: 3
JULIAN DAY 157
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360
270
180
90
MIDNIGHT
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 6/06/93
Dragline 1.05 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 1.08 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.00 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.00 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.00 x 7,100 tpd
10 M
3 pn 8 pm MIDNIGHT
6/6 Four 240 and 1 -170 truck haul north coal at 0000-0300. Four 240 trucks haul
north coal on the day shift. Two 240 trucks haul parting within north pit at
night until 1930. Rainy in the morning, and again at 1845-2230.
B-20
-------
HV-2
(2 measurements)
Entrane* Road to
Cabalu Ron Min«
Ambient
Concentrations
93-33 OREL m«c 1 083093
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
JuneS, 1993
Temp. f°F)
Max: 57
Avg: 49
Min: 42
Precipitation Cm.)
Today: 0.03
Day-1: 1.23
Day-2: 0.61
Wind Speed fMPH)
Max: 34
Avg: 25
Min: 10
Resultant Wind
From: 309° to: 129°
at: 25 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 8°
Type: Very Steady
Modes: 1
JULIAN DAY 159
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360
270
180
90
0 -
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 6/08/93
Dragline 0.84 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 0.96 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.00 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.00 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.00 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT
10
8 pm MIDNIGHT
6/8 Dragline is the only activity from 0000-0600. Four 240 trucks haul north coal
during the day shift, changing to 5 trucks during the evening. Rain in the
morning until 0716 — wet roads in the morning until 1445, when dust plumes
become visible. D 00
-------
-*-ToWyomngSR59
Scale
I I I I I I3000H
1 1 1 -1 km
Entranc* Ro»d lo
Cabalra Ron Mine
HV-2
(2 measurements)
Ambient
Concentrations
93-33 OREL nvp 1 083093
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
June 10,1993
Temp. (°f
Max: 73
Avg: 61
Min: 45
Precipitation (in.)
Today: 0.00
Day -1: 0.00
Day-2: 0.03
I
I
Wind Speed (MPH)
Max: 10
Avg: 6
Min: 4
Resultant Wind
From: 182° to: 002°
at: 5 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 36°
Type: Marginally Steady
Modes: 3
JULIAN DAY 161
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360 •
270
180
90
0 •
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 6/10/93
Dragline 0.28 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 1.91 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.00 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.54 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.00 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT
5 am
10 am
3 pm
8 pm MIDNIGHT
6/10 Five 240 ton trucks haul north coal from 0000-0300. One 170 and 5-240
trucks haul north coal at 0600-1600, as well as during the evening shift. A
coal blast occurs at 1430.
B-24
-------
HV-2
(2 measurements)
Entrance Road to
Cabato Ron Mkw
Ambient
Concentrations
93-33 OREL mm 1 083093
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
June 12,1993
Temp.
Max: 68
Avg: 58
Min: 44
e
Resultant
Precipitation (in.)
Today: 0.00
Day -1: 0.00
Day-2: 0.00
Wind Speed f MPH)
Max: 17
Avg: 10
Min: 2
Resultant Wirjfj
From: 268° to: 88°
at: 4 MPH
Wind Persistency
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 79°
Type: Highly Variable
Modes: Multiple
JULIAN DAY 163
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360
270
180
90
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 6/12/93
Dragline 1.19 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 1.93 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.99 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.00 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.00 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT
10
3 p»
8 pn MIDNIGHT
6/12 One 170 and 5-240 trucks haul north pit coal at 0000-0300. One 170 and 4-5
240 trucks haul north coal from 0600-1630. From 1630-2035, 5-240 trucks
haul north coal. After 2035, 2-240 trucks haul north pit overburden and 4-240
trucks haul north coal.
B-26
-------
-TO
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
June 14,1993
Temp. f°F)
Max: 71
Avg: 58
Mm: 41
Precipitation (in.)
Today: 0.00
Day-1: 0.00
Day-2: 0.00
Wind Speed (MPH1
Max: 19
Avg: 8
Min: 1
Resultant Wind
From: 110° to: 290°
at: 9 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 68°
Type: Highly Variable
Modes: 2
NOTE: 46% Wind Data Recovery
JULIAN DAY 165
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360
270
180
90
0 •
J_
JL
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 6/14/93
Dragline 0.91 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 1.36 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 4.97 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.00 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.00 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT
10
8 pm MIDNIGHT
6/14 Five 240 trucks haul north coal at 0000-0300. Two 240 trucks haul north coal
at 0300-0600. At 0600-1630, 2-240 trucks haul north pit overburden, and 1 -
170 and 4-240 trucks haul north coal. Four 240 trucks move north pit
overburden from 1630-2200, then they haul north coal.
B-28
-------
Seal*
Entrance Road (o
Cabaln Roto Min»
H 3000 ft
HV-2
(2 measurements)
Ambient
Concentrations
«3-33 OREL mm t 0830*3
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
June 16,1993
Temp. f°F)
Max: 60
Avg: 54
Min: 47
Precipitation (in.)
Today: 0.41
Day-1: 0.38
Day-2: 0.00
Wind Speed f MPH1
Max: 22
Avg: 12
Min: 5
Resultant Wind
From: 360° to: 180°
at: 9 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 51 °
Type: Variable
Modes: Multiple
JULIAN DAY 167
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360
270
180
90
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 6/16/93
Dragline 1.02 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 1.26 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.00 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.00 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 1.76x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT 5 am
10 am
3 pm
8 pra MIDNIGHT
6/16 From 0000-0300, 4-5 240 trucks haul north coal. At 0600-1630, 4-240
trucks haul north coal. At 0800-1200, 2-240 trucks move south pit
overburden. North pit coal blast at 1125. Four 240 trucks haul north coal at
1630-2400, except when traffic stopped at 2100-2245 for road work. Rain
pretty much all day.
B-30
-------
Entrance Road to
CitMHo Ron Min»
HV-2
(2 measurements)
Ambient
Concentrations
Scala
I I I 13000(1
93-33 OREL mp 1 063003
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
June 18,1993
Temp. (°F
Max: 53
Avg: 50
Min: 46
Precipitation (in.)
Today: 0.13
Day-1: 0.32
Day-2: 0.41
Wind Speed fMPHl
Max: 9
Avg: 4
Min: 1
Resultant Wind
From: 160° to: 340°
at: 4 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions:
Type: Variable
Modes: 3
48°
JULIAN DAY 169
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360
270
180
90
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 6/18/93
Dragline 0.39 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 0.46 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.00 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 3.42 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.00 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT
10
3 pm
8 pm MIDNIGHT
6/18 Three 240 trucks haul north coal at 0000-0300. During the day shift, 5-240
trucks were being switched between north and south coal several times as
shovels were being moved and repaired. After lunch, 3-240 trucks haul south
coal and 2-240 trucks haul north coal. From 1630-1800, 4-240 trucks haul
north coal, then the trucks went to south coal until 2400. Drizzle in the
morning, with wet roads. Rain begins at 1515.
B-32
-------
HV-2
(2 measurements)
Entnnc* Hoad to
CaMHoRoioMim
Ambient
Concentrations
93-33 OREL map t 083043
B-33
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
June 22,1993
Temp. f°l
Max: 73
Avg: 61
Min: 51
Precipitation (in.)
Today: 0.53
Day-1: 0.00
Day-2: 0.00
Wind Speed fMPHl
Max: 19
Avg: 9
Min: 3
Resultant Wind
From: 218° to: 38°
at: 2 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 95°
Type: Highly Variable
Modes: Multiple
JULIAN DAY 173
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360
270
180
90
0 •
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 6/22/93
Dragline 0.28 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 0.38 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.00 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 4.14 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.00 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT
10
3 p*
8 pm MIDNIGHT
6/22 Five 240 trucks haul south pit coal at 0000-0300. Same trucks haul south coal
at 0600-1630. Four 240 trucks haul north coal at 1630-1700, and 1800-
2400. Roads become wet at 1330, when rail and hail fall for an hour, then
sprinkles the rest of the day.
B-34
-------
Entrance Road to
Cabalio Ron Mirw
Ambient
Concentrations
HV-2
(2 measurements)
93-33 ORB. map 1 083X3
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
June 24,1993
Temp. f°Fl
Max: 60
Avg: 51
Min: 35
Precipitation (in.)
Today: 0.00
Day-1: 0.00
Day-2: 0.53
Wind Speed (MPm
Max: 20
Avg: 13
Min: 5
Resultant Wind
From: 291° to: 111°
at:12MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 29°
Type: Marginally Steady
Modes: 1
JULIAN DAY 175
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360
270
180
90
0 •
T
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 6/24/93
Dragline 1.05 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 0.57 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.00 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 2.49 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.00 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT
5 aw
10
3 pm 8 pm MIDNIGHT
6/24 Four 240 trucks haul north coal at 0000-0300. At 0830-1630, 4-5 240 trucks
haul south coal, and 1-240 truck moves spoils in the north pit. An overburden
blast occurs at 1625. From 1630-1800 and 1930-2400, 4-240 trucks haul
north coal and 1 -240 truck moves north pit spoils. Frost on the ground in the
morning.
B-36
-------
Entrane* Ro*d to
Cabalio Koto Mint
Ambient
Concentrations
S3-33 ORB. map 1 083003
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
June 26,1993
Temp. f°R
Max: 81
Avg: 64
Min: 45
\
Precipitation (in.)
Today: 0.00
Day -1: 0.00
Day-2: 0.00
Wind Speed (MPH)
Max: 14
Avg: 5
Min: 2
Resultant Wind
From: 147° to: 327°
at: 2 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 75°
Type: Highl
Modes: Multiple
JULIAN DAY 177
UINO DIRECTION (deg from north)
360
270
180
90
0 •
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 6/26/93
Dragline 1.04 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 0.00 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.00 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 6.42 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.00 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT
10 M
3 pn
8 pm MIDNIGHT
6/26 One 170 and 3-240 trucks haul south coal at 0000-0300. On the day shift,
1-170 and 3-4 240 trucks haul south coal, while 1-240 truck moves north pit
spoils. At 1630-2400, 5-240 trucks haul south coal and 1-240 truck moves
north pit spoils. A 170 truck helps move spoils at 2015.
B-38
-------
HV-2
(2 measurements)
Entrance Road to
Cabaln Ron Mine
Ambient
Concentrations
93-D ana. n»p i asata
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
June 28,1993
Temp. (°F
Max: 81
Avg: 68
Min: 54
Precipitation (in.)
Today: 0.00
Day -1: 0.00
Day-2: 0.00
Wind Speed f MPH1
Max: 27
Avg: 17
Min: 6
Resultant Wind
From: 152° to: 332°
at:12MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 45"
Type: Variable
Modes: 2
JULIAN DAY 179
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360
270
180
90
0 •
T
_L
MIDNIGHT
10 M
3 pi
8 pm MIDNIGHT
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 6/28/93
Dragline 1.11 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 0.00 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.00 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 4.14 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.00 x 7,100 tpd
6/28 One 240 truck moves spoils in the north pit at 0000-0300. From 0600-1630,
4-240 trucks haul south coal, and 1-170 and 1-240 truck move spoils in the
north pit. Blast at 1630. From 1630-2400, 4-240 trucks haul south coal and
2-240 trucks move north pit spoils.
B-40
-------
Burlington-Nonriem
flail Line
Scale
I I I I I 13000n
—I 1 1
Entrance Road to
CabaUo Ron Mine
Ambient
Concentrations
HV-2
(2 measurements)
a-33 OREL m«p 1 083093
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
June 30,1993
Tem.
Wind Speed
Max: 72
Avg: 62
Min: 52
Precipitation (in.)
Today: 0.06
Day-1: 0.25
Day-2: 0.00
Max:
Avg:
Min:
11
6
3
Resultant Wind
From: 172° to: 352°
at: 2 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions:
Type: Highly Variable
Modes: Multiple
71'
JULIAN DAY 181
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360
270
180
90
0
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 6/30/93
Dragline 1.21 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 1.27 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.00 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.54 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.00 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT
10
3 p» 8 pm MIDNIGHT
6/30 Two 240 trucks haul south coal and 3-240 trucks haul north coal at 0000-
0300. Four 240 trucks haul north coal at 0600-1615 and 1735-2250. One
170 and 1 -240 truck move north pit spoils at 0600-1615, then 1 -2 240 trucks
move spoils at 1735-2250. Roads are wet in the morning from rain the
previous night. Coal blast in north pit at 1630.
B-42
-------
Entrance Road to
Cadalw Ron Mm
HV-2
(2 measurements)
Ambient
Concentrations
M-M OREL fiwp 1 0*3043
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
July 2,1993
Temp. f°F)
Max: 77
Avg: 66
Min: 52
Precipitation Cm.)
Today: 0.00
Day-1: 0.00
Day-2: 0.06
Wind Speed f MPH)
Max: 24
Avg: 15
Min: 3
Resultant Wipcf
From: 158° to: 338°
at: 8 MPH
Wind Persistency
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions:
Type: Variable
Modes: Multiple
66°
JULIAN DAY 183
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360 •
270
180
90
J_
MIDNIGHT
PRODUCTION RATFfi
Date 7/02/93
Dragline 1.22 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 0.32 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.00 x 8,500 Tpd
South Coal 6.24 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 1.08x 7,100 tpd
5 am
10 an
3 pm 8 pm MIDNIGHT
7/2 Four 240 trucks haul south coal, and 2-240 trucks move north spoils at 0000-
0300. From 0600-1630, 1-170 and 4-240 trucks haul south coal, and 1-170
and 1-240 trucks move north spoils. From 1630-1900, 5-240 trucks haul
south coal, while 1-170 and 1-240 truck move spoils in the north. From 1900-
2100, 1-170 and 1-240 truck move south pit overburden, and 5-240 trucks
haul south coal. From 2100-2400, 3-240 trucks haul north pit coal, and 1-170
and 2-240 trucks haul south coal.
B-44
-------
-ToWyomngSR59
Burlington-Northem
Rail Line
3O / HV-2
x (2 measurements)
Entrance Ro»d to
CatMo Hoio Min«
Ambient
Concentrations
93-33 OREL rap 1 083083
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
July 4,1993
Temp. f°F)
Max: 64
Avg: 55
Min: 48
Precipitation Cm.)
Today: 0.02
Day-1: 0.00
Day-2: 0.00
Wind Speed fMPHl
Max: 27
Avg: 20
Min: 8
Resultant Wind
From: 297° to: 117°
at:19MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions:
Type: Very Stqady
Modes: 1
1V
JULIAN DAY 185
UINO DIRECTION (deg from north)
360
270
180
90
0 •
• • • • *
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 7/04/93
Dragline 1.16 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 0.84 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.00 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 2.07 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.00 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT
10
3 f*
8 pit MIDNIGHT
7/4 Two trucks haul south coal and 4 trucks haul north coal at 0000-0300. At
0600-1600, 4-5 240 trucks haul north coal, and 1-2 170 trucks and 0-3 240
trucks haul south coal. Dragline is the only operation from 1600-2400.
Intermittent rain until 0730, then moderate rain at 1130-1215.
B-46
-------
•*-To Wyoming SR 59
Burtington-Norfftem
Rail Line
Scale
I I I I 13000ft
H 1 1 H*n»
Entnno* Road to
Cab**) Ron Mirw
HV-2
(2 measurements)
Ambient
Concentrations
03-33 OREL rr»p 1 08300
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
July6,1993
Temp. f°R
Max: 70
Avg: 55
Min: 46
Precipitation (in.)
Today: 0.02
Day -1: 0.04
Day-2: 0.02
Wind Speed fMPHl
Max: 17
Avg: 7
Min: 4
Resultant Wind
From: 310° to: 130°
at: 6 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 36°
Type: Marginally Steady
Modes: 3
JULIAN DAY 187
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360
270
180
90
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 7/06/93
Dragline 1.30 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 1.16 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.00 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.03 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.17 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT 5 am
10 am
3 pm 8 pm MIDNIGHT
7/6 Dragline is the only operation from 0000-0700. From 0800-2400 4-5 240
trucks haul north coal. Two 240 trucks move south pit overburden for 30
rninutes Damp ground in the morning. Rain from 1640-1800, with wet roads
all night. B_48
-------
HV-2
(2 measurements)
Scale
I I I I I I 3000n
—I 1 1 M*">
Entrance Row) to
Cabato Bop Mint
Ambient
Concentrations
93-33 OREL imp I 083083
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
JulyS, 1993
Temp. f°F
Max: 66
Avg: 56
Min: 44
Precipitation Cm.)
Today: 0.00
Day-1: 0.01
Day-2: 0.02
Wind Speed f MPH1
Max: 14
Avg: 9
Min: 4
Resultant Wind
From: 324° to: 144°
at: 9 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions:
Type: Steady
Modes: 1
20°
JULIAN DAY 189
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360
270
180
90
0 •
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 7/08/93
Dragline 1.20 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 0.66 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.00 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.00 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 4.87 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT 5 an
10
3 pn 8 pm MIDNIGHT
7/8 Four 240 trucks haul north pit coal at 0000-0700. From 0700-1900, 2-240
trucks move south pit overburden and 1-240 truck moves south pit parting,
except at 1100-1200 when all 3 trucks move overburden. From 1930-2140,
4-240 trucks haul north coal, then 3 trucks haul north coal from 2155-2400.
Light rain in the south pit at 1454-1519. Q.C
-------
Burlington-Northern
Rail Line
Scale
I I I I I 13000ft
2> « /HV-2
(2 measurements)
Entrance Road to
Cabtto Rop Mine
7/8/^3
Ambient
Concentrations
93-33 ORB. map 1 083093
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
July 10,1993
Temp. (°R
Max: 65
Avg: 55
Min: 46
Precipitation Cm.)
Today: 0.00
Day -1: 0.00
Day-2: 0.00
Wind Speed f MPH1
Max: 20
Avg: 14
Min: 9
Resultant Wind
From: 358° to: 178°
at: 12 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 26°
Type: Marginally Steady
Modes: 3
JULIAN PAY 191
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360
270
180
90 •
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 7/10/93
Dragline 1.35 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 0.42 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 0.00 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.00 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 9.19 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT
10 am
8 pm MIDNIGHT
7/10 Four 240 trucks haul north coal from 0000-0700. Three 240 trucks move
south pit overburden, and 1-170 truck hauls north coal at 0700-1900. Three
240 trucks move south pit overburden at 1900-2400. Clouds in the morning
and at night, but no rain.
B-52
-------
HV-2
(2 measurements)
Entrwicv Rosd to
Cabalio Ron Mine
Ambient
Concentrations
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
July 12,1993
Temp. (°F
Max: 80
Avg: 65
Min: 54
Precipitation (in.)
Today: 0.00
Day-1: 0.00
Day-2: 0.00
Wind Speed (MPH1
Max: 21
Avg: 15
Min: 6
Resultant Wind
From: 332° to: 152°
at: 3 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 93°
Type: Highly Variable
Modes: 2
JULIAN DAY 193
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360
270
180
90
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 7/12/93
Dragline 1.20 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 0.78 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 4.74 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.00 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.00 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT
10
3 pm 8 pm MIDNIGHT
7/12 Five 240 trucks haul north coal at 0000-0700. Three 240 trucks move north
overburden at 0700-1900. Blasts at 1405 and 1437. At 1930-2400, 4-5 240
trucks haul north coal.
B-54
-------
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
July 14,1993
Temp. f°F)
Max: 65
Avg: 57
Min: 51
Precipitation (in.)
Today: 0.01
Day -1: 0.00
Day-2: 0.00
Wind Speed fMPH)
Max: 34
Avg: 23
Min: 12
Resultant Wind
From: 187° to: 007°
at:12MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions:
Type: Variable,
Modes: Multiple
63C
JULIAN DAY 195
WIND DIRECTION (dcg from north)
360
270
180
90
0 •
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 7/14/93
Dragline 1.03 x 86,000 tpd
North Coal 0.75 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 3.73 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.00 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 4.83 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT
5 am
10 M
3pn
8 pm MIDNIGHT
7/14 Four 240 and 1-170 truck haul north coal at 0000-0700. Two 240 trucks
move north pit overburden from 0700-1900, 2-240 trucks move south pit
overburden from 0700-1400 and 1500-1900. From 1300-1500, 1-240 truck
moves south pit parting. During the evening shift, 0-1 170 truck and 3-4 240
trucks haul north coal. Light rain for a couple of hours in the morning, then
again at 1800-1830. g-56
-------
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
July 16,1993
Temp. (°R
Max: 69
Avg: 58
Min: 52
Precipitation (in.)
Today: 0.01
Day -1: 0.04
Day-2: 0.01
Wind Speed fMPH)
Max: 18
Avg: 11
Min: 6
Resultant Wind
From: 348° to: 168°
at: 10 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 25°
Type: Marginally Steady
Modes: 3
JULIAN DAY 197
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360
270
180
90
PRODUCTION RATES
Date
Dragline
North Coal
North Ovbd.
South Coal
South Ovbd.
7/16/93
1.11 x 86,000 tpd
0.00 x 40,000 tpd
7.74 x 8,500 tpd
0.00 x 8,000 tpd
0.00 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT
5 am
10
3 pm
8 pm MIDNIGHT
7/16 Three 240 trucks move overburden in the north pit from 0000-2400. Drizzle
in the morning, then light rain at 2030.
B-58
-------
Burlington-Northern
Rail Line
Entmnc* Road to
Cabalio Roto Mina
Scale
I I I laoooit
1 1 1-1 km
HV-2
(2 measurements)
Ambient
Concentrations
90-33 ORB. mp 1 U30K)
-------
Cordero Coal Mine
Daily Meteorological Summary
July 18,1993
Temp. (°F)
Max: 69
Avg: 61
Min: 51
Precipitation (in.)
Today: 0.00
Day-1: 0.17
Day-2: 0.01
Wind Speed (MPH)
Max: 18
Avg: 10
Min: 3
Resultant Wind
From: 341° to: 161°
at: 8 MPH
Wind Persistence
Standard Deviation of
Hourly Wind Directions: 39°
Type: Marginally Steady
Modes: 3
JULIAN DAY 199
WIND DIRECTION (deg from north)
360
270
180
90
0 •
PRODUCTION RATES
Date 7/18/93
Dragline 1.12x86,000 tpd
North Coal 1.21 x 40,000 tpd
North Ovbd. 3.28 x 8,500 tpd
South Coal 0.00 x 8,000 tpd
South Ovbd. 0.00 x 7,100 tpd
MIDNIGHT 5 an
10
3 pm
8 pm MIDNIGHT
7/18 Three 240 trucks move north pit overburden, and 2-240 trucks move north pit
spoils at 0000-0700. From 0700-1145, 3-240 trucks move overburden in the
north pit. Then from 1145-2400, 3-4 240 trucks haul north pit coal. Also, 1-2
240 trucks move spoils in the north pit from 0700-0910 and 1238-2400.
Roads are wet until about 0900 from rain the night before. Coal blast in the
north pit at 0845. Q.QQ
-------
23 /HV-2
(2 measurements)
75"
Entrance Road to
Cabaln Rojo Mine
Ambient
Concentrations
93-33 OREL imp 1 083093
-------
APPENDIX C
SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR PM-10 AND TSP MEASUREMENTS
-------
Date
5/19
5/21
5/23
5/25
5/27
5/29
5/31
6/02
6/04
6/06
6/08
6/10
6/12
6/14
6/16
6/18
6/22
6/24
6/26
6/28
6/30
7/02
7/04
7/06
7/08
7/10
7/12
7/14
7/16
7/18
HV2
15.1
15.1
5.5
7.9
9.9
9.7
8.0
4.3
.
5.4
.
10.1
10.9
10.9
.
.
10.5
8.5
11.1
15.7
7.9
.
9.5
8.9
11.6
10.0
15.5
10.4
9.1
7.7
- PBIU
HV2A
15.7
16.0
6.2
8.2
11.0
10.1
8.5
4.5
.
5.0
7.9
9.7
10.8
11.4
7.1
4.1
10.3
8.2
.
15.4
8.2
11.2
9.7
7.4
12.4
10.1
15.5
9.7
8.7
7.5
RP
3.4
5.5
12.9
3.8
9.9
4.0
5.6
3.4
.
7.9
.
4.1
1.0
4.1
t
,
2.2
2.6
.
1.6
3.5
.
1.5
18.0
6.8
1.4
0.1
7.6
4.0
2.4
HV2
41.0
42.3
14.7
34.4
31.3
m
15.8
8.4
5.9
7.9
15.7
19.3
-14.9
-13.0
f
3.9
25.6
36.1
28.4
41.2
19.7
29.6
51.8
32.1
33.6
16.9
41.6
17.2
18.9
22.8
ISK —
HV2A
41.8
40.0
.
35.0
33.0
26.7
15.6
9.0
5.7
7.8
14.2
19.1
30.3
24.4
11.1
2.5
25.0
36.5
27.8
41.2
19.5
m
46.3
32.0
31.7
17.5
40.9
17.0
19.0
.
RP
2.2
5.4
.
1.9
5.4
.
1.0
7.0
3.8
1.8
9.9
0.8
.
m
f
44.1
2.5
0.9
2.3
0.0
1.1
11.2
0.4
5.8
3.4
1.7
1.1
0.8
.
TOTAL OBSERVATIONS: 30
RPPM10 RPTSP
N OF CASES 24 23
MINIMUM 0.129 0.024
MAXIMUM 17.980 44.099
MEAN 4.888 4.977
STANDARD DEV 4.076 9.039
C-1
-------
FRACTION
OF DATA
QUANT I LE PLOT, N = 24
1.0 •
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
10
RPPM10
15
L
20
6 CASES WITH MISSING VALUES EXCLUDED FROM PLOT
C-2
-------
QUANTILE PLOT, N = 23
FRACTION
OF DATA
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0 •
10
20
30
7 CASES WITH HISSING VALUES EXCLUDED FROM PLOT
BOX PLOT OF VARIABLE: RPPM10 , N = 24
0.00
MINIMUM
RPTSP
20.00
MAXIMUM
40
50
6 CASES WITH MISSING OR OUT OF RANGE VALUES
BOX PLOT OF VARIABLE: RPTSP , N
0.00
20.00
C-3
-------
MINIMUM
MAXIMUM
7 CASES WITH MISSING OR OUT OF RANGE VALUES
C-4
-------
APPENDIX D
HOURLY METEOROLOGICAL SUMMARIES
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
UComp.
V Comp
(MDT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
5/17/93
O
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
J6
J7
JI8
19
20
21
22
23
24
8.5
300
11.8
328
14
327
15.4
321
17.7
326
19.2
19.3
19.4
20.7
19.7
16.5
15.6
16.6
15
11.7
12.2
12.1
9.3
6.4
5.6
4.8
3.9
3
4.6
335
336
340
336
343
356
352
337
354
14
355
359
353
358
44
50
55
349
12
JO
I6
__
JU)
_
11
52.7
51.4
50.8
49.5
48.1
48.7
50.4
51.7
55.2
57
59.2
59.6
60.2
60.2
60.7
61.1
60.8
60.3
57.8
52.1
50.1
48.3
47.4
48.3
0.01
7.4
6.3
7.6
9.7
9.9
8.1
7.9
6.6
8.4
5.8
1.2
2.2
6.5
1.6
-2.8
1.1
0.2
1.1
0.2
-3.9
-3.7
-3.2
0.6
-1.0
-2.9
-4.5
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Spood
Wind
Sigma
T*mparatura
Precipitation
U Comp.
VComp.
(MDT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
5/18/93
O
i
IV3
6
8
9
10
^
J2
J!3
J4
J5
J6
J7
J8
9
24
270
25
47.1
0.01
2.7
235
36
44
0.02
51
24
44.2
2.4
318
14
41.7
3.9
322
9
39.8
2.7
295
12
42.8
158
26
48.2
1.7
44
51.8
3.8
249
39
54
6.2
312
27
56.2
11.9
13.7
12.5
9.8
11
10.8
8.4
5.5
10.9
16.8
5.5
3.8
2.6
322
323
315
323
313
324
330
355
11
36
41
11
287
293
__
19
_
Jli
11
_24_
J7
12
58.9
60.6
62.6
64.1
65
65.8
65
64.1
61.4
55.5
53.3
50.8
49.5
47.5
0
7.0
2.2
-1.6
1.6
2.4
2.4
-0.7
1.5
3.5
4.6
5.5
7.2
9.7
7.5
7.2
6.5
5.4
0.7
-1.0
-6.4
-11.0
-1.0
3.6
2.4
0.0
1.5
-1.3
-1.8
-3.1
-1.1
1.9
0.9
1.4
-4.1
-7.1
-9.5
-9.7
-10.0
-6.7
-8.9
-9.4
-8.4
-5.4
-8.8
-12.7
-5.4
-1.1
-1.0
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Spaad
Wind
Sigma
TMnpwatur*
Precipitation
UComp.
VComp
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Thata
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
5/19/93
O
O)
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
5.5
7.8
7.3
7.8
7.3
5.9
4.9
6.9
8.9
9.4
9.8
10.5
9.9
10.7
12.6
11.6
10.3
11.6
11.5
8.3
5.6
5.7
7.2
7.4
297
304
311
331
323
295
325
347
353
16
356
339
349
12
15
23
31
41
56
76
98
137
144
9
14
18
21
25
17
25
19
20
20
15
10
7
8
45.9
45.9
44.5
41.5
39.3
42.2
48.1
51.6
54.1
55.7
57.2
58.7
59.7
60.8
60.8
59.2
58.1
55.5
51.6
48.3
45.1
43.4
4.9
6.5
5.5
3.8
4.4
5.3
2.8
1.6
1.1
-2.6
0.7
3.8
-0.9
2.0
-2.6
-3.0
-4.0
-6.0
-7.5
-6.9
-5.4
-5.6
-4.9
-4.3
6.0
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
WlndSpMd
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
U Comp.
VComp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
5/20/93
O
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
21
22
24
10.5
180
42.7
10.5
165
42
10.5
162
41.4
10.3
150
42.1
11.1
150
42.4
14.4
153
44.4
14.3
155
46.3
15.2
153
48.9
15
158
52
15.5
159
55.7
12.9
10.5
9.9
7.3
6.1
4.2
5.7
8.3
8.6
7.7
9.7
14.7
13.4
159
146
147
138
228
125
163
141
133
147
156
159
193
174
12
Jl
Jl
-2.2.
23
-25_
2A_
15
58.8
61.1
63.6
65.8
67.3
68.3
68.3
67.4
63.5
58.7
56.9
56.7
57.6
56.8
0.0
-2.7
-3.2
-5.2
-5.6
-6.5
-6.0
-6.9
-5.6
-5.6
-4.6
-5.9
-5.4
-4.9
5.2
-5.0
-1.2
-3.6
-6.1
-4.7
-3.1
-3.5
3.3
-1.4
10.5
10.1
10.0
8.9
9.6
12.8
13.0
13.5
13.9
14.5
12.0
8.7
8.3
5.4
4.7
3.5
4.0
4.4
5.7
7.2
7.0
9.1
14.3
13.3
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Spaed
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
U Comp.
VComp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
That*
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
5/21/93
O
01
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
14.7
11.5
13.2
13.7
15.3
16.5
16.5
17.7
19.2
17.9
15.6
13.7
15.5
16.1
12.8
10.4
13.1
13.5
25.6
8.1
11.6
9.2
162
165
158
158
169
164
164
168
168
166
155
217
272
280
267
256
335
344
325
246
211
304
319
308
17
12
12
10
12
22
11
16
27
11
55.5
54.1
51.2
48.6
47.6
49.4
51.8
55.7
58
60.3
65.1
74.1
77
77.8
77.9
77.6
77.3
73.2
68.4
53.9
55.1
54.6
54.2
52.5
0.54
-4.5
-3.0
-4.9
-5.1
-2.9
-4.5
-4.5
-3.7
-4.0
-4.3
-6.6
8.2
14.0
15.3
16.1
12.4
4.4
3.6
7.7
23.4
2.6
6.7
7.6
7.2
-9.4
-12.6
-11.1
10.4
4.3
-4.5
-8.8
-5.7
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
WlndSp««d
Wind
Sigma
Twnpwmtun
Precipitation
UComp.
VComp.
(MDT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
5/22/93
O
o>
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
9.2
310
52.9
7.3
318
52.2
5.7
311
52
5.5
294
52.5
8.6
292
52.7
12.1
312
52.8
13.7
325
53.8
15
325
53.4
18.6
334
56.5
18.5
331
56.4
18.3
18.6
12.3
15.5
14.9
11.1
9.5
5.8
6.1
10
10
331
335
346
349
334
333
333
326
307
297
307
273
289
303
11
55.3
53.3
S1.8
55.2
55.2
53.7
53.3
52.1
52.2
50.7
46.6
44.4
44
42.9
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
7.0
4.9
4.3
5.0
8.0
9.0
7.9
8.6
8.2
9.0
8.9
7.9
3.1
2.3
6.8
6.8
5.9
6.2
7.6
8.0
4.6
6.1
9.5
8.4
-5.9
-5.4
-3.7
-2.2
-3.2
-8.1
-11.2
-12.3
-16.7
-16.2
-16.0
-16.9
-12.6
-12.1
-13.9
-13.3
-11.6
-9.2
-5.7
-4.1
-3.5
-0.3
-3.3
-5.4
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
D
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
D*t«
Hour
WlndSp^d
Wind
Sigma
Tcmpmtura
Precipitation
UComp.
VComp.
(MOT)
(MPH)
Direction
Th*ta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
5/24/93
O
oo
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
5.4
307
12
36.8
5.2
306
36.5
4.7
295
10
35.5
4.9
282
37.2
5.5
272
37.8
6.1
303
39.8
9.1
309
42
9.9
332
43.6
10.3
324
45
10.1
334
11
46.9
8.8
9.1
10.3
9.8
9.4
8.2
8.1
4.7
5.6
5.2
4.5
1.9
339
350
340
340
349
337
328
310
319
251
235
183
247
268
14
20
-L8.
T7
10
17
43
48.6
50.8
52.5
53
53.2
54
55
54.8
53.3
47.9
46.5
45.7
44.6
41
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.8
5.5
5.1
7.1
4.6
6.1
4.4
3.2
1.6
3.5
3.4
1.8
3.2
4.3
4.6
3.1
3.8
4.6
0.3
4.1
1.8
-3.2
-3.1
-2.0
-1.0
-0.2
-3.3
-5.7
-8.7
-8.3
-9.1
-8.2
-9.0
-9.7
-9.2
-9.2
-7.5
-6.9
-3.9
-3.5
1.3
3.2
5.2
1.8
-0.6
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Spood
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
U Comp.
VComp.
(MDT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
5/25/93
O
CD
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
3.8
4.8
4.2
3.2
2.7
4.5
9.4
10.2
9.6
8.6
8.7
7.2
8.7
9.2
9.6
10.2
9.9
10.4
8.4
8.5
10.6
12.2
228
193
182
174
155
137
174
214
222
214
194
194
174
185
184
175
169
166
149
133
126
136
150
156
29
16
10
21
13
10
17
21
22
28
29
27
18
15
10
4
3
37.8
36.5
36.4
36.1
35.6
38.4
44.1
52.5
57.5
59.8
61.9
62.8
65.3
67.3
68.2
68.3
68.4
67.7
64.3
57.8
54.6
53.9
55.1
54.2
2.8
1.1
0.1
-0.3
-1.1
-2.0
-0.5
5.3
6.8
5.4
2.1
2.1
-0.8
0.8
0.6
-0.8
-1.8
-2.5
-5.1
-7.6
-6.8
-5.9
-5.3
-5.0
2.5
4.7
4.2
3.2
2.4
2.2
4.5
7.8
7.6
8.0
8.3
8.4
7.2
8.7
9.2
9.0
9.4
9.9
8.5
7.1
4.9
6.1
9.2
11.1
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Data
Hour
WlndSpaad
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
UComp.
VComp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Thata
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
5/26/93
O
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
10
169
51.5
10.6
172
50.4
7.9
160
49
10.3
154
49.5
12.2
170
49.9
13.8
166
51
9.9
199
12
54.4
10.1
183
58
10.8
230
10
67
14.1
266
14
73.4
18.7
22.6
19.7
22.9
23.5
19.7
14.9
10.6
10.8
11.6
15.8
18.2
13.8
247
249
257
261
278
262
255
260
261
260
356
337
345
339
10
10
18
77.3
78.9
79.6
80.1
80.5
79.4
78.7
7J7
72.9
66
65.3
62.9
61.6
58.4
-1.9
-1.5
-2.7
-4.5
-2.1
-3.3
3.2
0.5
8.3
14.1
17.2
21.1
19.2
22.6
23.3
19.5
17.4
14.7
10.5
10.6
0.8
6.2
4.7
4.9
9.8
10.5
7.4
9.3
12.0
13.4
9.4
10.1
6.9
1.0
7.3
8.1
4.4
3.6
-3.3
2.7
4.7
2.6
1.7
1^9
-11.6
-14.5
-17.6
-12.9
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Data
Hour
Wind Spaad
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
UComp.
VComp.
(MOT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
5/27/93
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
12
337
13.2
335
55
53.5
12.9
331
52.2
9.2
321
6.9
6.3
321
311
47.6
46.6
50
9.5
329
6
54.1
13.5
11.3
13
56.8
10.8
17
20
58.8
60.8
8.9
7.2
7.3
5.8
5.8
6.2
9.3
11.5
9.2
7.2
9.7
16.1
14.5
15.6
14
11
44
275
93
101
94
87
73
49
343
354
63
22
25
25
32
29
21
9
13
13
62.4
64.3
66.3
67.1
67.2
66.8
65.9
65.3
63.6
60.7
60^
55.5
52.2
53.1
4.7
5.6
6.3
5.8
4.3
4.8
4.9
-0.2
-1.0
-0.9
0.01
0.12
0.26
0.32
-0.6
-1.7
-1.4
-4.0
5.8
-6.2
-9.1
-11.5
-9.2
-6.9
-7.3
4.7
1.5
-13.9
-11.0
-12.0
-11.3
-7.1
-5.4
-4.1
-8.1
-13.5
-11.3
-10.8
-8.9
-7.0
-7.2
-4.2
-0.5
0.3
1.8
0.8
-0.5
-2.1
-6.4
-15.4
-14.4
-7.1
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
WlndSpoad
Wind
Sigma
Twnparatura
Precipitation
UComp.
VComp
(MOT)
(MPH)
Direction
Thota
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
5/28/93
O
i
IV)
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
13.4
109
53.1
10.5
89
53
9.2
165
52.7
8.6
165
52.6
3.9
133
51.8
3.1
70
13
53.8
8.3
138
55.9
9.1
154
56.9
7.4
153
58.1
6.2
152
16
60.4
5.3
129
26
62.8
5.1
156
28
66
6.7
155
31
68.9
9.2
144
21
70.1
11
152
15
72
14.6
145
72.2
17.3
146
70
20.4
140
65.9
25.1
143
62.8
25.5
146
59.7
12.4
116
12
57.4
9.1
20
21
56.6
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.22
0.06
-12.7
-10.5
-2.4
-2.2
-2.9
-2.9
-5.6
-4.0
-3.4
-2.9
-4.1
-2.1
-2.8
-5.4
-5.2
-8.4
-9.7
-13.1
-15.1
-14.3
-11.1
-3.1
4.4
-0.2
-8.6
23
10
56.3
-0.7
-10.0
24
12.8
142
55.7
-7.9
10.1
P. 12
Development of Atmospheric Dispersion Models for
Surface Coal Mines
Printed: 8/26/93
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Data
Hour
Wind Spaad
Wind
Sigma
T*mp«ratur*
Precipitation
UComp.
VComp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Thata
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
5/29/93
O
CO
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
6.6
156
23
54.1
7.1
177
52.5
6.6
226
13
51.6
6.5
145
14
50.2
10.5
139
51.2
12.1
164
51.7
11.5
164
53
11.8
180
55.8
9.9
184
58.8
3.8
2.9
10.4
12.8
10.4
9.6
10.6
14.1
19.7
15.5
11.8
6.7
8.7
3.7
175
268
309
316
322
313
302
325
318
339
345
355
18
333
290
27
15
10
14
13
11
14
62.7
66.9
68.4
70.9
70.3
72.2
71.6
69.8
S8.2
61.1
58
54.7
53.3
51
50.5
0.01
-2.7
-0.4
4.7
-3.7
-6.9
-3.3
-3.2
0.0
0.7
-0.3
2.9
8.1
8.9
6.4
7.0
9.0
8.1
13.2
5.6
3.1
0.6
-2.7
2.3
3.5
6.0
7.1
4.6
5.3
7.9
11.6
11.1
11.8
9.9
3.8
0.1
-6.5
-9.2
-8.2
-6.5
-5.6
-11.6
-14.6
-14.5
-11.4
-6.7
-8.3
-4.5
-1.3
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Spead
Wind
Sigma
T*mp*ratur»
Precipitation
UComp.
VComp.
(MDT)
(MPH)
Direction
Thata
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
5/30/93
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
6.6
309
49.8
6.3
311
47.9
8.4
294
47.1
10.6
288
47.1
11.5
289
47.7
8.5
316
48.9
8.3
329
52.1
13.5
351
11
54.8
13.7
350
15
56.4
12.3
340
11
59.1
13.3
Tl
10.1
8.8
7.5
3.3
5.8
5.9
6.7
4.4
6.2
5.1
10.4
10.2
355
354
44
281
52
24
57
101
98
108
222
150
152
155
17
19
Jl
5
Jl
15
10
61.4
62.8
62.5
62.7
62.5
63.5
63.1
61.5
56.7
54.1
52.2
49.9
5.1
4.8
7.7
10.1
10.9
5.9
4.3
2.1
2.4
4.2
1.2
1.1
-7.0
8.6
-5.9
-1.3
-4.9
-5.8
-6.6
-4.2
4.1
-2.6
-4.9
-4.3
-4.2
-4.1
-3.4
-3.3
-3.7
-6.1
-7.1
-13.3
-13.5
-11.6
-t3.2
-10.9
-7.3
-1.7
-4.6
-3.0
-3.2
1.1
0.9
1.4
4.6
4.4
9.2
9.2
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
U Comp.
VComp.
(MOT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
5/31/93
O
01
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
10
168
48.7
11.4
181
47.6
10.4
181
46.8
8.2
173
46.2
8.3
176
45.7
7.9
177
47.9
9.5
178
51.6
6.8
177
10
56.2
4.1
154
22
60.8
4.7
126
23
64.9
S.8
7.3
8.2
7.5
9.1
10.8
12.6
11.2
10.8
12.2
17
20.3
19.7
15.9
125
110
158
148
140
134
136
128
127
135
130
137
150
154
20
21
17
_2_4_
19
14
68.1
70.5
71.4
72.9
72.7
73
71.8
69.3
66.8
65.1
63.3
60.9
58.9
58.3
-2.1
0.2
0.2
-1.0
-0.6
-0.4
-0.3
-0.4
-1.8
-3.8
-4.8
-6.9
-3.1
-4.0
-5.8
-7.8
-8.8
-8.8
-8.6
-8.6
-13.0
-13.8
-9.9
-7.0
9.8
11.4
10.4
8.1
8.3
7.9
9.5
6.8
3.7
2.8
3.3
2.5
7.6
6.4
7.0
7.5
9.1
6.9
6.5
8.6
10.9
14.8
17.1
14.3
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
WlndSp^d
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
UComp
(MPT)
(MPH)
EHractlon
Thata
(In.)
(MPH)
6/1/93
D
O)
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
15.5
155
58.4
13.5
215
18
55
5.2
106
22
53.4
7.6
160
51.7
9.9
186
52.4
8
182
55.1
9.8
193
56.9
10.9
238
61.5
270
12
65.9
13.3
286
67.7
15.5
11.3
13.1
11.4
12.6
8.6
7.5
14.2
20.8
13.5
9.2
6.2
7.4
11.4
323
337
56
65
20
70
220
339
336
325
312
287
305
15
JK)
-11
11
15
29
70.8
66
68.6
68.7
62.6
64.2
61.5
56.4
52.5
52:
51.7
50.4
48.4
49.9
0.18
0.08
0.01
0.04
0.1
0.03
0.02
0.01
5.3
4.6
7.1
9.3
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
WlndSpMd
Wind
Sigma
Tamper* tura
Praclpttalton
UComp.
VComp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Dlractlon
TheU
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/2/93
O
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
10.2
314
50.7
10.1
308
7.8
299
50.1
49.5
7.3
283
48.1
9.6
314
47.4
15
311
16.8
307
48.4
48.4
16.2
311
6
49.8
15.9
317
17.9
319
16.4
15.4
16.8
16.7
17.5
V7
13.9
12.4
11.8
12.6
11.4
8.9
8.8
10.8
317
344
353
356
16
17
31
36
37
48
50
60
132
5
_6
_8
J_4
_11
16
JL?_
JU*
JT4
9
51.2
55
13
56.1
57.8
58.1
59
57.6
56.9
55.1
53.4
52.9
49.8
47.4
4_7
46.6
47.4
7.3
8.0
6.8
7.1
6.9
11.3
13.4
12.2
10.8
11.7
11.2
4.2
2.0
1.2
-2.4
-4.7
-4.1
-6.4
-6.9
-7.6
-8.5
-6.8
-7.6
-8.0
-5.7
-4.4
7.2
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind 8pe«d
Wind
Sigma
T*mp«ratura
PraclpiUtion
UComp.
VComp.
(MDT)
(MPH)
Direction
Thata
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/3/93
O
i
00
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
JT7
18
19
20
21
22
24
8.1
134
10
46.7
11
129
46.8
11.5
139
47.1
14.6
130
46.7
12.6
142
46.3
9.6
140
46.5
14.5
139
46.5
16.6
136
45.6
19.5
135
46.1
22.1
126
44.5
21.2
20.2
20.6
19.7
17.3
16.9
12.9
9.7
9.3
9.4
11.8
11.2
10.7
131
127
145
144
134
129
120
122
145
160
167
161
175
194
6
43.3
43.5
42.9
_ 44
43.7
43.6
43.7
42.6
41.3
41.3
40.8
39.9
0.08
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.04
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
-5.8
-8.5
-7.5
-11.2
-7.8
-6.2
-9.5
-11.5
-13.8
-17.9
-16.0
-16.1
-11.8
-11.6
-12.4
-13.1
-11.2
-8.2
-5.3
-3.8
-2.1
-3.8
-1.0
2.6
5.6
6.9
8.7
9.4
9.9
7.4
10.9
11.9
13.8
13.0
13.9
12.2
16.9
15.9
12.0
10.6
6.5
5.1
7.6
10.3
9.2
11.2
11.2
10.4
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Data
Hour
WlndSpead
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
U Comp.
V Comp.
(MDT)
(MPH)
Direction
That*
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/4/93
D
CO
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
9.9
200
39.2
180
37.7
9.1
174
38.2
11.2
159
39.9
11.2
159
40.1
14.4
163
40.4
15.6
162
16.6
17
41.1
43.1
20.4
167
45.6
22.7
22
22.1
21.2
20.4
19.6
21.2
22
23.7
22.6
22.8
21.9
20.8
19.5
18.6
173
174
176
179
181
177
174
159
159
159
158
157
157
161
158
10
10
47.4
50.8
54.5
56.4
58.7
60.2
60.5
S9.2
57.3
55.9
53.6
51.8
51.2
50
48.6
3.4
0.0
-1.0
-4.0
-4.0
-4.2
-4.8
-2.3
-4.6
-2.8
-2.3
-1.5
-0.4
0.4
-1.0
-2.2
-7.9
-8.5
-8.1
-8.5
-8.6
-8.1
-6.3
-7.0
9.3
8.0
9.1
10.5
10.5
13.8
14.8
16.4
19.9
22.5
21.9
22.0
21.2
20.4
19.6
21.1
20.5
22.1
21.1
21.1
20.2
19.1
18.4
17.2
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Data
Hour
WlndSpaad
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
UComp.
VComp.
(MOT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/5/93
ro
o
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
17.4
157
14.6
166
14.2
171
12.4
171
13.7
177
12
167
11.1
161
10.5
184
8.2
189
5.8
225
5.4
6.6
10.7
8.2
9.9
6.4
5.7
12.9
13.1
10.8
11.9
11
219
266
254
254
152
112
203
37
13
21
14
360
352
18
12
27
41
_24
42
_28_
U
16
10
47.5
46.1
45.3
44.5
44.5
47.2
49.7
53.7
57.4
62
64.6
65.7
65.3
57.8
60.5
62.5
61.4
58.1
56.1
53.8
52.9
52.5
51.7
50.9
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.02
-6.8
-3.5
-2.2
-1.9
-0.7
-2.7
-3.6
0.7
1.3
4.1
3.4
6.6
6.7
10.3
-3.8
-9.2
2.5
-3.4
-2.9
-4.7
-2.9
0.0
1.7
-3.4
-11.8
-10.5
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Spaed
Wind
Sigma
Tampan tura
Precipitation
UComp.
VComp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
That*
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/6/93
D
rb
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
10.6
28
50.5
-5.0
-9.4
10.7
25
49.6
-4.5
-9.7
11.5
359
49.6
0.2
-11.5
9.7
13
48.7
9.6
21
48.2
-2.2
-3.4
7.3
40
48.7
-4.7
9.7
40
50
-6.2
9.3
63
52.4
-8.3
11.7
83
52.5
-11.6
6.6
83
52.2
5.9
6.5
7.2
9.1
18.3
18.9
17.6
16.9
13.9
8.3
6.7
4.5
7.4
63
89
94
117
224
152
151
143
146
179
181
213
59
97
11
13
11
29
16
_ 5_4
56.5
_ 57
58.8
_ 60
58.3
55.6
52.6
51.5
51.3
50.4
50.4
50.8
-6.6
0
0
0
0.18
0.07
0.16
0.19
0.01
-5.3
-6.5
-7.2
-8.1
12.7
-8.9
-8.5
-10.2
-7.8
-0.1
0.1
2.7
-3.9
-7.3
-9.5
-9.0
-5.6
-7.4
-4.2
-1.4
-0.8
-2.7
-0.1
0.5
4.1
13.2
16.7
15.4
13.5
11.5
8.3
6.7
4.2
-2.3
0.9
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
WlndSposd
Wind
Sigma
T«mp*ratura
Precipitation
UComp.
VComp.
(MOT)
(MPH)
Direction
That*
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/7/93
10
10
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
6.5
214
15
50.7
2.9
157
10
50.1
6.6
245
30
50.2
5.8
285
16
49.7
9.3
226
10
49.1
6.3
200
12
47.5
7.3
273
11
47
10.8
275
46.5
12.6
264
46.3
12
270
46.4
12.9
21.7
27.2
27.5
30.5
29.1
32.8
30.8
29.5
28.6
31.3
32.8
33.1
35
283
276
266
266
283
289
293
300
299
301
297
304
304
306
46.3
45.4
43.6
44.2
45.3
45.4
45.8
44.8
43.7
42.8
43.1
43.1
42.6
41.5
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.07
0.09
0.14
0.07
0.11
0.09
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.06
0.09
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.01
3.6
-1.1
6.0
5.6
6.7
2.2
7.3
10.8
12.5
12.0
12.6
21.6
27.1
27.4
29.7
27.5
30.2
26.7
25.8
24.5
27.9
27.2
27.4
28.3
5.4
2.7
2.8
-1.5
6.5
5.9
-0.4
-0.9
1.3
0.0
-2.9
-2.3
1.9
1.9
-6.9
-9.5
-12.8
-15.4
-14.3
-14.7
-14.2
-18.3
-18.5
-20.6
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Spaed
Wind
Sigma
Twnpwatura
Precipitation
UComp.
V Comp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Th«ta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/8/93
o
I
CO
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
34
31.1
26.6
27.3
27.6
28.6
28.9
26.9
32.3
32.8
29.1
29.7
30.4
26.7
24.3
23.6
20.6
19.4
10.3
12.3
309
306
304
311
314
321
315
312
305
301
306
313
313
309
310
312
317
315
301
297
289
287
41.6
41.8
41.9
42.4
42.7
42.6
43.6
45.6
50.1
51.7
53.8
56.3
56.5
56.3
55.5
54.7
53.7
51.7
50.6
49.8
46.8
46
0.01
0.01
0.01
26.4
25.2
22.1
20.6
19.9
18.0
20.4
20.0
26.5
28.1
23.5
21.7
22.2
20.7
18.6
17.5
14.0
13.7
13.7
13.4
9.7
11.8
-21.4
-18.3
-14.9
-17.9
-19.2
-22.2
-20.4
-18.0
-18.5
-16.9
-17.1
-20.3
-20.7
-16.8
-15.6
-15.8
-15.1
-13.7
-8.2
-6.8
-3.4
-3.6
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
WlndSp^d
Wind
Sigma
T«mp*ratur«
PradpttaUon
U Comp.
VComp,
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Th«ta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/9/93
o
ro
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
15.3
284
46.1
14.2
285
46
12.8
291
46.7
12.4
297
47.8
11.1
294
47.4
13.5
309
49.5
17.4
304
52.7
15.7
307
54.8
14.9
318
57.2
14.1
317
59.5
13.5
12.9
8.3
6.5
4.4
3.1
3.6
4.6
6.1
6.6
8.1
5.3
7.2
315
311
307
290
297
221
249
191
116
120
132
150
180
181
11
10
15
13
32
27
36
11
61.4
62.6
63.1
63.9
65.3
65.5
67
66.7
64.8
59.2
55.3
53.8
51.7
49.7
14.8
13.7
11.9
11.0
10.1
10.5
14.4
12.5
10.0
9.6
9.5
9.7
8.8
7.8
5.8
2.9
2.9
0.7
-4.1
-5.3
-4.9
-4.1
0.0
0.1
7.2
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Spaad
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
UComp.
V Comp.
(MOT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/10/93
ro
01
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
7.3
194
48.6
6.2
175
47.8
5.4
185
10
46.7
201
13
47.1
5.3
186
44.7
5.3
170
11
47.1
4.6
176
51.4
4.9
172
56.8
4.7
231
27
63.5
6.1
324
16
66.3
3.9
256
35
68.6
3.5
4.3
5.3
5.6
6.1
8.5
9.5
5.7
6.7
9.1
8.9
8.7
7.6
214
255
193
194
165
169
182
183
158
157
159
157
166
39
42
30
31
15
11
70.4
71.2
71.9
72.1
7J2
73.4
72.5
68.9
63.2
59.2
57.4
56.8
55.9
1.8
-0.5
0.5
1.4
0.6
-0.9
-0.3
-0.7
3.7
3.6
3.8
2.0
4.2
1.2
1.4
-1.6
-1.6
0.3
0.3
-2.5
-3.6
-3.2
-3.4
-1.8
7.1
6.2
5.4
3.7
5.3
5.2
4.6
4.9
3.0
-4.9
0.9
2.9
1.1
5.2
5.4
5.9
8.3
9.5
5.7
6.2
8.4
8.3
8.0
7.4
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
WlndSpxd
Wind
Sigma
Twnperatura
Precipitation
UComp.
VComp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Thata
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/11/93
O
ro
O)
10
11
12
13
14
15
Jl
17
18
19
20
21
22
24
10.7
164
57.1
10.2
206
12
55.5
6.6
237
23
55.4
5.1
307
10
51.4
275
21
51.2
7.8
237
52.8
4.3
230
25
55.1
5.7
172
14
58.1
8.2
189
10
64
14
217
69.7
18.2
22.8
21
19.9
7.5
10.2
14.3
13.9
11.3
11.5
12.9
13.1
217
220
231
234
237
247
243
208
212
210
191
184
184
182
8
10
72.9
73.5
74
75.2
75.8
75.3
72.S
69.6
67.2
64.1
61.3
60
58.2
58.1
-2.9
4.5
5.5
4.1
3.0
6.5
3.3
-0.8
1.3
8.4
11.0
14.7
16.3
16.1
15.9
13.8
6.7
4.8
7.6
7.0
2.2
0.8
0.9
0.5
10.3
9.2
3.6
-3.1
-0.3
4.2
2.8
5.6
8.1
11.2
14.5
17.5
13.2
11.7
10.3
5.9
3.4
9.0
12.1
12.0
11.1
11.5
12.9
13.1
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
WlndSpaad
Wind
Sigma
T*mp*rature
Precipitation
U Comp.
VComp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Th«ta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/12/93
o
-si
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
13.3
12.5
9.9
6.7
6.8
6.2
5.2
6.7
11
12.9
13.5
15.1
14.8
16.1
16.7
10.7
9.9
9.2
8.8
5.1
2.4
4.1
6.2
6.7
175
161
229
159
183
195
258
270
267
262
264
259
258
314
9
15
33
62
69
343
273
273
35
17
19
19
17
19
24
29
.i5.
19
17
59.4
58.2
57.6
54.1
52.2
54.3
54.9
57.4
61
64.4
67.6
67.9
67.8
65.2
61.1
63.1
62.8
61.3
58.7
54.8
51.8
48
46
44.2
-1.2
-4.1
7.5
-2.4
0.4
1.6
5.1
6.7
11.0
12.8
13.4
14.8
14.5
11.6
-2.6
-2.8
-5.4
-8.1
-8.2
1.2
6.2
6.7
13.2
11.8
6.5
6.3
6.8
6.0
1.1
0.0
0.6
1.4
2.9
3.1
-11.2
-16.5
-10.3
-8.3
-4.3
-3.2
-3.9
-0.3
-0.4
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
UComp.
VComp.
(MDT)
(MPH)
Direction
That*
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/13/93
O
rb
oo
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
5.8
269
43.4
6.7
272
41.1
7.1
268
40.7
2.7
40.1
4.6
234
20
38
6.1
201
10
42
3.8
259
12
50.8
7.7
278
54.8
13.7
281
57.4
12.3
281
58.8
10.4
9.4
6.8
5.3
6.1
8.6
10.7
10.9
8.9
7.9
7.8
9.2
3.9
278
275
249
274
294
326
307
310
314
314
309
294
304
15
31
43
45
39
25
15
14
60.2
61.8
62.8
64.8
66.7
67
66.6
65.2
62.8
57.4
52.1
48.4
47.6
47.1
5.8
6.7
7.1
3.7
2.2
3.7
7.6
13.4
12.1
10.3
9.4
6.3
5.3
5.6
4.8
8.5
10.0
7.8
6.4
6.1
7.1
7.6
0.
-5.1
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Sp«*d
Wind
Temperature
Precipitation
U Comp.
V Comp.
(MDT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/14/93
O
ro
CO
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1.2
1.7
2.5
3.8
4.3
3.2
3.1
2.8
3.6
4.2
4.2
3.7
5.4
7.5
7.8
9.8
11.2
11.9
12.7
12.7
12.8
15.2
16.6
19.4
270
274
262
114
107
104
101
103
110
111
110
16
8
45.7
44
43.4
42.1
40.5
44.4
50.8
56.6
58.9
60.8
62.8
65
66.6
68.2
69.8
70.3
70.5
70.1
67.9
63.8
61.3
60.4
58.2
56.4
2.5
3.8
4.3
-10.2
-11.4
-12.3
-12.5
-12.5
-14.3
-15.5
-18.2
0.0
-0.3
0.6
4.6
3.5
3.1
2.4
2.9
5.2
5.9
6.6
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
o*t*
Hour
WlndSpead
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
UComp.
VComp.
(MDT)
(MPH)
Direction
That*
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/15/93
CO
o
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25.7
109
55.9
25
109
54.8
24.4
111
54
21.2
116
53.3
18.5
149
20
53.2
15.8
138
11
52.3
14.8
157
20
53.8
12.6
104
58.1
10.5
96
63.1
9.1
104
66.6
11.1
6.6
5.1
5.9
6.9
18.9
161
185
225
259
299
22
38
36
25
70.4
73.4
76.7
78.7
79.1
68.8
12.6
12.8
12.8
281
280
324
15
54.8
54.3
55.5
0.37
0.01
-24.3
-23.6
-22.8
-19.1
-9.5
-10.6
-5.8
-12.2
-10.4
-8.8
-3.6
0.6
3.6
5.8
6.0
-2.0
12.4
12.6
7.5
8.4
8.1
8.7
9.3
15.9
11.7
13.6
3.0
1.1
2.2
10.5
6.6
3.6
1/[
-3.3
-18.8
-2.4
-2.2
-10.4
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Spaed
Wind
Sigma
TMtpwatura
Precipitation
UComp.
VComp.
(IIDT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/16/93
D
do
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
4.5
5.3
6.4
8.3
7.4
8.6
9.1
11.2
11.6
9.6
9.6
10.9
19.6
16.2
17.6
20.1
10.6
12.7
12.6
14.4
12.3
18.4
21.5
20.4
328
235
227
315
280
43
317
291
331
358
312
353
31
346
78
40
331
48
39
352
24
359
33
36
22
21
15
21
26
12
25
29
30
_V7
16
19
20
16
12
10
21
16
18
54.5
54.2
54.3
54.9
54.3
54.4
54.2
54.9
57.2
56.9
58.9
59
59.5
59.1
55.1
54.1
54.5
53.7
53.2
51.3
50.6
49.9
47.8
47.1
0.02
0.04
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.1
0.12
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
2.4
4.3
4.7
5.9
7.3
-5.9
6.2
10.5
5.6
0.3
-1.5
8.1
2.4
-8.3
4.3
-19.7
-6.8
6.2
-9.4
-9.1
1.7
-1.6
-8.7
0.4
-19.6
-20.4
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Spaed
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
U Comp.
VComp
(MOT)
(MPH)
Direction
Thata
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/17/93
O
CO
ro
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
17.9
30
11
46.5
14.3
13
15
46.5
15.9
14
16
46
16.9
356
16
45.5
17.2
349
14
45.2
16.7
346
15
45.2
13.9
19
13
45.5
13
50
10
47.4
11.9
51
11
48.7
10.7
60
12
49.4
9.7
12.6
13.9
13.3
11.9
9.7
9.3
8.9
8.6
7.2
5.3
2.5
23
344
19
47
52
62
53
58
52
67
46
15
79
23
_20_
18
10
10
10
21
13
49.4
49.4
49.1
49.4
50.2
49.3
48.2
47.9
47.6
47.4
46.9
46.8
46.5
46.3
0.02
0.02
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.07
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.01
-9.0
-3.2
-3.8
1.2
3.3
4.0
-4.5
-10.0
-9.2
-9.3
-3.5
-0.7
3.5
-4.5
-9.7
-10.2
-10.5
-7.7
-7.9
-7.0
-7.9
-5.2
-1.4
-2.5
-15.5
-13.9
-15.4
-16.9
-5.0
-5.1
-0.5
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Temperature
Precipitation
UComp.
V Comp.
(MDT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/18/93
CO
Gi
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
96
46.2
0.02
2.5
112
46
3.1
338
10
46.1
0.01
2.7
234
14
46.4
1.9
1.3
257
231
13
46.7
25
47.1
1.8
157
21
47.6
4.4
199
21
48.4
0.03
2.9
188
30
49.5
0.02
3.1
149
33
50.2
4.5
2.6
2.2
3.1
4.7
8.5
5.7
6.2
6.7
7.5
6.6
5.9
7.2
127
201
110
104
130
164
163
159
160
150
152
167
168
174
20
43
19
18
14
52.2
52.2
52.7
53.2
52.4
52.4
52.6
52.8
52.1
50.3
48.2
47.5
47.2
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
-2.0
-2.3
1.2
2.2
1.9
1.0
-0.7
1.4
0.4
-1.6
-3.6
0.9
-2.1
-3.0
-3.6
-2.3
-1.7
-2.2
-2.3
-3.8
-3.1
-1.3
-1.5
-0.8
0.2
0.9
-2.9
1.6
0.4
0.8
1.7
4.2
2.9
2.7
2.7
2.4
0.8
0.7
3.0
8.2
5.5
5.8
6.3
6.5
5.8
5.7
6.8
7.2
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Data
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
UComp.
V Comp.
(MOT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/19/93
O
i
CO
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
_T7
18
20
21
22
24
7.8
171
46.3
9.3
168
45.6
8.5
175
44.5
4.7
163
12
43.9
166
10
44.4
4.2
166
44.3
2.5
164
18
48.8
2.1
280
39
56.1
5.6
292
15
61.2
8.3
313
12
65.3
6.8
6.1
6.7
6.5
7.1
6.7
7.7
5.9
3.5
4.8
5.7
4.8
6.2
318
313
310
305
290
305
311
304
252
221
195
180
173
174
15
_24
2Q
10
10
67.5
69
70.5
72
72.6
73.9
74.4
74.1
71.9
68.3
63.9
59.8
56.8
54.8
-1.2
-1.9
-0.7
-1.4
-1.5
-1.0
-0.7
2.1
5.2
6.1
4.6
4.5
5.1
5.3
6.7
5.5
5.8
4.9
3.8
2.3
1.2
0.0
-0.6
-0.6
7.7
9.1
8.5
4.5
5.8
4.1
2.4
-0.4
-2.1
-5.7
-5.1
-4.2
-4.3
-3.7
-2.4
-3.8
-5.1
-3.3
1.2
2.6
4.6
5.7
4.8
6.2
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
UComp.
VComp
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/20/93
0
GO
Ol
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
7.2
175
53.9
5.4
169
52.6
5.5
170
12
53
7.1
186
51.5
5.9
217
23
51.9
4.2
128
26
54.8
4.3
175
15
59.4
177
65.3
4.6
156
13
70.6
3.8
112
14
74.6
4.5
4.9
6.9
6.5
6.7
8.4
7.4
6.8
6.5
7.3
10.5
13.2
102
98
110
157
151
149
147
140
128
120
132
132
349
259
14
JT7
.11
18
JJJ
11
76.7
78.5
80
80.3
81.3
81.9
81.3
80.4
76.7
70.8
66.6
64.7
64.1
63.5
-0.6
-1.0
-1.0
0.7
3.6
-3.3
-0.4
-0.3
-1.9
-3.5
-4.4
-4.9
-5.6
-2.7
-3.2
-3.5
-4.6
-4.8
-5.4
-5.6
-5.4
-5.2
2.0
13.0
4.7
-10.3
2.5
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
Tampwature
Precipitation
U Comp.
VComp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/21/93
oo
CD
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
10.7
154
61.5
9.9
146
60.7
12.5
154
60.2
10.2
155
59.2
6.8
167
10
58.2
10.1
151
62.4
154
11
65.8
12.6
150
69
15.2
140
72
16.8
132
75.3
16.3
19.5
20.7
20.1
19.3
22.7
23.6
17.8
16.6
21.5
21.8
18.1
15.5
147
151
162
153
202
150
156
263
34
150
147
166
161
159
11
75.6
77.9
80.4
81.8
82.6
75.6
69
70.2
68.7
65.2
62.8
61.3
59.6
57.5
-4.7
-5.5
-5.5
-4.3
-1.5
-4.9
-2.6
-6.3
-9.8
-12.5
-8.9
-9.5
-6.4
-9.1
7.2
-11.4
-9.6
17.7
-9.3
-10.5
-11.7
-5.3
-5.9
-5.6
9.6
8.2
11.2
9.2
6.6
8.8
5.4
10.9
11.6
11.2
13.7
17.1
19.7
17.9
17.9
19.7
21.6
2.2
-13.8
18.2
18.0
21.2
17.1
14.5
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Data
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
Tempera tura
Precipitation
UComp.
VComp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/22/93
o
CO
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
13.1
167
56.3
-2.9
12.8
12.3
169
56.1
-2.3
12.1
11.1
175
54.9
-1.0
11.1
10.4
177
53.8
-0.5
10.4
12.9
181
53.5
0.2
12.9
12.1
181
57.6
0.2
12.1
11.3
196
62.1
3.1
10.9
12.4
215
68.1
7.1
10.2
12.9
242
70.9
11.4
6.1
9.2
297
15
72.4
8.2
-4.2
8.2
5.9
8.2
2.9
14
11.6
10.5
6.8
4.2
3.2
3.9
2.5
6.1
309
328
335
283
310
41
65
94
114
75
27
213
284
19
29
20
39
20
13
12
15
15
73.1
73.2
68.4
66.6
56.6
61.1
60.8
59.9
56.6
54.9
53.1
52.2
50.9
0.07
0.17
0.23
0.06
6.4
3.1
3.5
2.8
14.6
-1.2
-7.6
-9.5
-6.8
-3.8
-3.1
-1.8
1.4
5.9
-5.2
-5.0
-7.4
-0.7
-12.2
-13.9
-8.8
-4.4
0.5
1.7
-0.8
-3.5
2.1
-1.5
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Spead
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
UComp.
V Comp.
(MOT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/23/93
CO
00
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
5.1
302
10
49.9
9.3
331
50.8
7.1
337
50.4
325
49
6.1
316
48
7.9
304
48.9
7.9
295
49.9
277
10
51.3
9.2
268
52.8
11.2
281
11
55.6
10.9
13.1
21.2
28.7
28
14.5
22.1
25.1
20.3
8.9
9.8
8.6
9.5
288
319
332
332
329
332
320
321
317
296
281
272
252
241
11
57.6
58.6
54.5
48.1
44.3
49.4
52.5
52.3
48.7
44^
41.7
40.3
39.6
40.6
4.3
4.5
2.8
4.0
4.2
6.5
7.2
7.9
9.2
11.0
10.4
8.6
10.0
13.5
14.4
6.8
14.2
15.8
13.8
8.0
9.6
8.6
6.7
8.3
-2.7
-8.1
-6.5
-5.7
-4.4
-4.4
-3.3
-1.0
0.3
-2.1
-3.4
-9.9
-18.7
-25.3
-24.0
-12.8
-16.9
-19.5
-14.8
-3.9
-1.9
-0.3
2.2
4.6
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
U Comp.
VComp,
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
That*
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/24/93
co
CD
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
5.9
286
14
37.5
4.9
197
15
35.3
8.6
227
37.9
14.2
250
42.2
13.5
260
12.4
268
43.9
44.7
12.7
262
46.9
13.1
273
14.3
284
49.8
52
12.6
283
55.3
12.1
14.9
16.6
19.4
20.4
20.4
20
19.4
15.7
12.4
9.7
7.1
7.6
7.3
276
280
299
312
312
310
307
315
321
313
305
300
299
279
13
57.9
5J)
58.9
60
58.7
57.8
58.1
57.8
55.9
53
51.4
50.9
49.9
49
5.7
-1.6
1.4
6.3
13.3
13.3
12.4
12.6
13.1
13.9
12.3
12.0
14.7
14.5
14.4
15.2
15.6
16.0
13.7
9.9
9.1
7.9
6.1
6.6
7.2
-0.7
-3.5
-2.8
-1.3
-2.6
-8.0
-13.0
-13.7
-13.1
-12.0
-13.7
-12.2
-3.7
-1.1
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
Tempera tur*
Precipitation
UComp.
V Comp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/25/93
o
I
O
10
Jl
Jl
JU
-li
Jl
11
11
24
9.3
274
49.3
12.2
300
49.8
9.4
285
48.3
8.9
278
46.4
8.2
284
44.4
7.4
280
46.7
10.5
286
50.6
11.9
301
54
15.4
306
57.9
17.2
311
59.3
17
14.1
11.7
10.4
7.7
8.2
7.4
6.6
5.1
2.6
2.7
5.7
6.7
303
301
285
286
290
287
291
310
330
335
246
223
210
198
11
J3
U
11
Jl
Jl
14
19
13
13
61.2
62.6
63.2
64.8
66.1
67.5
67.7
66.3
60.8
57.8
55.6
53.8
50.2
9.3
10.6
9.1
8.8
8.0
7.3
10.1
10.2
12.5
13.0
14.3
12.1
11.3
10.0
7.2
7.8
6.9
5.1
3.0
2.2
2.4
1.8
2.9
2.1
-0.6
-6.1
-2.4
-1.2
-2.0
-1.3
-2.9
-6.1
-9.1
-11.3
-9.3
-7.3
-3.0
-2.9
-2.6
-2.4
-2.7
-4.2
-5.2
-4.6
1.1
2.0
4.9
6.4
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Spe«d
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
U Comp.
V Comp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/26/93
O
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
9.5
203
49.;
7.5
194
49.8
3.9
173
19
47.1
3.6
150
12
44.6
3.1
157
26
45.2
2.2
218
30
49.4
2.9
57
16
54.6
3.2
78
17
59.3
2.3
279
35
65
2.5
179
35
69.8
3.8
4.6
4.6
4.5
3.5
2.9
2.9
11.5
8.1
4.6
6.1
13.6
11.7
244
201
222
212
202
180
264
286
73
74
91
138
87
43
47
41
37
44
37
48
41
18
15
71.9
74.3
76.1
77.5
78.7
79.6
80.5
80.4
73.8
68.1
63.8
61.4
63.7
60.6
3.;
1.8
-0.5
-1.8
-1.2
1.4
-2.4
-3.1
2.3
0.0
3.4
1.6
3.1
2.6
17
0.0
2.9
2.8
-11.0
-7.8
-4.6
-4.1
-0.7
-11.7
8.
7.3
3.9
3.1
2.9
-1.6
-13.6
-0.6
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
o
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
UComp.
V Comp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/28/93
o
co
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
5.9
164
19
59.5
5.7
191
17
58.5
6.6
184
10
55.9
175
10
55.5
9.7
164
53.5
10.5
181
58.4
18.1
163
59.9
19
156
62.2
18.8
158
64.9
20.7
157
68.2
19.8
15.3
14.2
15.3
17.9
20.1
23.8
27.2
26.6
26.1
25.4
22.8
14.9
13.3
156
160
150
141
144
137
127
130
129
171
135
331
275
343
11
11
12
^
22
69.7
73.5
77.1
79.4
80.1
81.4
81.2
80.1
77.2
73^
70.6
70.2
67.9
62.9
-1.6
1.1
0.5
-0.8
-2.7
0.2
-5.3
-7.7
-7.0
-8.1
-8.1
-5.2
-7.1
-9.6
-10.5
-13.7
-19.0
-20.8
-20.7
-4.1
-18.0
11.1
14.8
3.9
5.7
5.6
6.6
9.0
9.3
10.5
17.3
17.4
17.4
19.1
18.1
14.4
12.3
11.9
14.5
14.7
14.3
17.5
16.7
25.8
18.0
-19.9
-1.3
-12.7
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Spead
Wind
Sigma
Twnpantura
Precipitation
U Comp.
VComp.
(MDT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/29/93
10
11
14
Jl
J-6-
JT7
Jl
_23
24
14.1
32
14
63.3
5.7
22
13
57.6
4.4
4.2
8.8
16.3
21.4
18.9
22.8
21.4
18.4
15.3
14.6
12.S
15.3
13.1
11.4
13.4
11.7
7.4
6.6
5.7
4.6
80
311
293
314
334
334
303
321
325
324
312
329
349
23
31
36
26
32
2
360
295
14
55.4
17
18
10
11
11
10
25
11
11
16
52.2
51.2
54.3
55.9
57.3
53.4
49.9
56.5
61.6
63.3
63.6
63.1
63.1
63.3
62.1
60
56.8
56.3
55.1
53.2
52.5
0.2
0.03
0.02
-7.5
-2.1
-4.3
3.2
8.1
11.7
9.4
8.3
19.1
13.5
10.6
9.0
10.8
6.4
2.9
-5.1
-5.9
-7.9
-5.1
-3.9
-0.2
0.0
-0.4
4.2
-12.0
-5.3
-0.8
-2.8
-3.4
-11.3
-19.2
-17.0
-12.4
-16.6
-15.1
-12.4
-9.8
-10.7
-15.0
-12.1
-9.8
-10.8
-10.5
-6.3
-5.0
-6.6
-5.7
-1.9
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
U Comp.
V Comp.
(MDT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
6/30/93
o
en
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
5.1
297
18
53.2
4.2
275
38
53.1
0.04
4.9
281
38
53.4
0.01
132
53.3
5.9
278
17
51.8
5.3
284
51.8
224
20
53.8
3.4
108
14
56.7
0.01
5.7
155
16
60.5
5.2
208
26
62
4.6
4.9
3.5
4.2
4.8
5.8
8.1
8.3
7.2
6.6
8.4
10.9
205
195
210
228
254
196
237
110
91
97
105
127
135
146
25
29
37
44
46
39
33
20
64.5
66.7
68.3
70.5
70.9
70.9
71.9
71.7
67.9
63^
61.8
61.5
60.2
60
4.5
4.2
4.8
-3.7
5.8
5.1
2.1
-3.2
-2.4
2.4
1.9
1.3
2.5
3.6
3.4
1.2
4.0
-5.5
-8.1
-8.2
-7.0
-5.3
-5.9
-6.1
-2.3
0.1
1.0
1.9
4.0
5.9
9.0
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
UComp.
(MDT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
7/1/93
6
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
18.1
147
59
12.9
152
57.6
10.2
209
12
55.5
7.6
285
17
56.1
8.5
320
51.7
10.9
324
52.3
11.8
338
55.2
9.9
338
10
58.7
13.7
336
61.8
11.4
342
12
63.8
8.7
6.2
4.4
3.1
3.4
4.7
9.1
8.6
6.5
9.8
326
335
342
259
265
239
217
48
80
71
87
51
118
43
12
25
43
52
45
34
_36_
27
17
65.7
67
68.4
70.5
71.4
72.2
73.1
72
69.2
64.9
60.7
58.9
59.3
57.7
-3.4
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Spead
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
U Comp.
V Comp.
(MDT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
7/2/93
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
2.8
146
20
57.3
5.2
143
12
54.4
5.5
38
12
53.6
5.6
90
52.1
2.6
113
52.4
2.9
46
11
57.4
10.5
167
59.9
15.2
164
63.4
12.8
152
62.1
18.2
155
69.4
20.8
22.3
21.7
20.8
19.9
21.4
23.5
19.8
19.3
13.2
_ T7
18.5
15.9
148
149
147
255
257
128
124
108
191
352
213
235
139
349
10
11
Jj*
J!
10
70.8
72.4
7_4
75.6
76.8
76.2
75.7
73.9
75.9
71
67.6
65.1
64
62.9
-1.6
-3.1
-3.4
-5.6
-2.4
-2.1
-2.4
-4.2
-6.0
-7.7
-11.0
-11.5
-11.8
20.1
19.4
-16.9
-19.5
-18.8
3.6
2.7
7.2
13.9
-12.1
3.0
2.3
4.2
-4.3
0.0
1.0
-2.0
10.2
14.6
11.3
16.5
17.6
19.1
18.2
5.4
4.5
13.2
13.1
6.1
18.7
-19.1
11.1
9.8
14.0
-15.6
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Data
Hour
Wind Spaed
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
UComp.
V Comp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Oil-action
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
7/3/93
O
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
_T7
18
Jl
20
21
22
24
8.4
188
12
61
7.5
175
11
60.8
5.2
3.3
6.1
160
11
61.3
132
31
62.3
169
14
62.7
15.6
313
18
56.4
18.7
311
55
21.1
312
55
17.7
313
55.5
12
292
54.4
6.6
11.2
24.8
28.4
29.4
28.4
20.5
13.7
8.8
13.3
18.7
26.5
21.5
334
232
216
250
260
265
263
297
326
300
297
295
289
289
17
.11
13
57.2
65.1
65.6
64.7
63.6
62.7
59.9
54
50
50.3
49.5
47.6
1.2
-0.7
-1.8
-2.5
-1.2
11.4
14.1
15.7
12.9
11.1
2.9
8.8
14.6
26.7
30.5
29.3
28.2
18.3
7.7
7.6
11.9
16.9
25.1
20.3
8.3
7.5
4.9
2.2
6.0
-10.6
-12.3
-14.1
-12.1
-4.5
.5.9
6.9
20.1
9.7
5.4
2.6
3.5
-9.3
-11.4
-4.4
-6.0
-7.9
-8.6
-7.0
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
U Comp.
VComp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
7/4/93
o
CO
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
24
295
48.5
21.8
25
295
49.6
22.7
22.5
292
49.6
20.9
21.3
299
50.3
18.6
23.2
295
51.4
18.7
291
52
20.1
289
52.5
22.6
292
55.7
26.8
295
58.7
24.4
289
58.4
19.8
18.1
22.2
27.4
21.5
22.1
21.4
16.6
19.5
15.6
7.7
10.7
9.6
282
288
307
309
296
312
313
309
319
305
295
280
289
275
56.9
59.8
_ 63
63.8
60.2
63.8
63
57.6
55.9
52.8
48.7
47.5
47.9
0.01
0.01
21.0
17.5
19.0
21.0
24.3
23.1
19.4
17.2
17.7
21.3
19.3
16.4
15.7
12.9
12.8
12.8
8.2
7.6
10.1
9.6
-10.1
-10.6
-8.4
-10.3
-9.8
-6.7
-6.5
-8.5
-11.3
-7.9
-4.1
-5.6
-13.4
-17.2
-9.4
-14.8
-14.6
-10.4
-14.7
-8.9
-3.8
-1.3
-3.5
-0.8
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
U Comp.
V Comp
(MDT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
7/5/93
01
o
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
8.7
274
48.1
8.8
276
46.5
8.2
276
45.4
9.4
282
44.6
9.1
276
44.9
8.4
282
49.8
12.7
292
54.7
20.5
308
58
18.9
305
59.9
14.5
307
61.5
17.4
14.9
16.4
11.9
13.3
14.4
17.9
_ -\_6
13.9
7.7
5.2
13.9
10.5
296
303
308
289
301
310
336
330
331
309
276
282
305
289
10
11
10
61.2
63.1
63.1
65.8
66.5
67.3
63.3
62.4
58. 8
55.7
52.8
51.3
50.6
0.03
0.01
8.7
8.8
8.2
9.2
9.1
8.2
11.8
16.2
15.5
11.6
15.6
12.5
12.9
11.3
11.4
11.0
7.3
8.0
6.7
6.0
5.2
13.6
11.5
9.9
-0.6
-0.9
-8.0
-3.4
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
Tempera tura
Precipitation
UComp.
VComp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
o
o>
2
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
9.2
286
48.4
8.8
7.1
283
47.1
6.9
3.8
264
20
46.3
4.3
277
14
47.2
4.1
285
18
47.2
4.2
266
13
47.9
6.2
291
55
7.6
284
10
58
5.6
309
22
60.5
5.5
320
27
62.4
4.2
5.3
4.9
4.5
4.7
15.9
16.6
14.3
11.1
4.4
7.8
10.8
7.7
6.2
323
331
34
258
14
359
323
317
323
16
283
299
292
284
35
47
31
42
45
24
12
10
22
64.3
65.9
67.1
68.8
69.7
61.4
_ 53
51.2
50.1
49.6
49.6
49.4
50
0.02
0
3.8
4.3
4.0
4.2
5.8
7.4
4.4
3.5
2.5
2.6
-2.7
4.4
-1.1
0.3
10.0
9.8
6.7
-1.2
7.6
9.4
7.1
6.0
-2.5
-1.6
0.4
-0.5
-1.1
0.3
-2.2
-1.8
-3.5
-4.2
-3.4
-4.6
-4.1
0.9
-4.6
-15.9
•13.3
-10.5
-8.9
-4.2
-1.8
-5.2
-2.9
-1.5
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
U Comp
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
7/7/93
O
CJl
rv>
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
276
48.9
0.01
6.4
246
47.4
6.8
271
46.2
258
47.1
3.6
271
19
46.9
3.3
227
26
48.9
1.6
299
36
54.4
3.3
250
31
58.5
4.7
178
29
60.7
8.8
196
22
62.8
8.9
7.8
9.3
_ 10
11.5
17.7
15.4
11.3
7.3
17.4
12.5
11.9
10.1
195
202
213
216
220
260
282
302
341
358
349
359
337
359
16
.11
11
_2J)
23
12
10
12
64.7
67.1
69.6
72
73.6
74.1
73.8
73.4
70.6
59.4
55.2
53.3
51.7
51.3
4.6
0.2
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
en
CO
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
UComp.
V Comp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
7/9/93
o
01
3
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
5.1
243
16
45.7
194
14
44.5
5.9
172
6.1
178
15
4.6
156
18
4.8
169
12
186
9.1
171
10
12.4
167
14.4
171
10
13.9
12.6
12.3
9.5
10.8
9.6
6.6
6.5
7.6
2.8
3.8
13.1
14.8
161
161
330
306
219
236
208
231
251
277
265
309
310
341
10
12
19
26
20
16
18
14
14
10
42.8
43
42.4
46.9
54.2
61.4
65.7
68.2
69.6
71.7
72.7
73.9
77.2
77.6
77.8
77.6
73.9
68.5
63.8
59.3
58.7
54.3
4.5
2.3
1.7
6.8
-0.8
-0.2
-1.9
-0.9
0.7
-1.4
-2.8
-2.3
-4.5
-4.1
6.2
7.7
6.8
8.0
3.1
5.1
7.2
2.8
3.8
5.4
10.0
4.8
5.8
6.1
4.2
4.7
7.0
9.0
12.1
14.2
13.1
11.9
-10.7
-5.6
8.4
5.4
5.8
4.1
2.5
-0.3
0.3
-4.4
-8.4
-14.0
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Spaed
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
UComp.
VComp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Thrta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
7/10/93
en
01
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
12
335
51.2
11
322
49.9
12.5
325
49.9
12.7
337
50.3
13.6
343
50.3
13.2
349
12
51
15.9
334
51.6
14.8
341
10
52.9
13.4
20
11
54.7
9.9
81
13
57.4
9.4
9.1
11.9
16.6
18.6
19.2
20
19.4
19.5
15.6
10.3
9.6
9.2
25
25
352
16
20
21
358
354
338
341
317
21
_20
J[7
15
11
11
12
61.9
63.7
64.7
63.6
62.8
61.5
60.5
57.2
53.7
52.2
52.1
50.8
49.3
46.2
5.1
-10.9
6.8
7.2
5.0
4.0
2.5
7.0
4.8
-4.6
-9.8
-4.0
-3.8
-1.5
2.3
-5.1
-6.6
-7.2
-3.0
0.7
-0.8
1.1
3.4
3.1
6.3
-9.1
-6.7
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
WlndSpaad
Wind
Sigma
Twnpmvtura
Precipitation
UComp.
VComp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Thata
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
7/11/93
01
CD
10
11
12
JU
Jl
Jl
T7
.11
20
24
5.1
279
13
44.1
4.4
290
11
43.6
4.2
4.5
1.6
264
223
322
15
43.2
12
42.3
25
42.2
2.9
3.1
214
158
22
44
16
49.4
5.3
136
19
53.9
6.8
146
15
57.3
9.6
12.4
12.8
12.8
13.1
11.9
16.3
16.5
14.4
11.6
13.2
_ V4
14.3
140
151
322
21
34
104
38
123
118
119
113
108
113
127
98
13
60.4
14
.11
JT7
_20
T7
61.6
63.2
64.5
66.9
69.3
70.7
71.6
70.2
67.5
63.9
61.3
59.9
58.5
57.5
5.0
-0.8
4.1
-1.5
4.2
0.4
3.1
3.3
1.0
-1.3
1.6
2.4
-1.2
2.9
-3.7
3.8
-3.8
5.6
-6.2
7.4
-5.3
7.6
-4.6
-7.2
-12.7
-7.3
-10.9
-14.4
-14.4
-13.3
-11.0
-12.2
-11.2
-14.2
9.6
-9.8
-11.9
-10.6
3.2
-9.4
7.1
7.7
8.0
5.6
3.6
5.2
8.4
2.0
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
TmiparaUira
Precipitation
UCornp.
V Comp,
(MDT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
7/12/93
O
cii
-si
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
18
142
56.9
16.8
147
55.9
12.8
150
55.3
13.9
146
55.9
14.2
157
57.7
12.6
170
58.8
12.2
166
61.1
11.7
191
64.2
12.7
173
11
68.5
11.3
191
13
74
6.4
6.8
13.4
16.4
16.1
17.6
19.1
17.6
19.1
18.7
257
288
320
333
336
347
10
357
352
347
330
332
331
332
18
25
10
J_P_
12
.11
11
77.9
79.6
75.3
76.9
76.2
74.5
71.2
67.1
64.2
60.8
59.1
57.2
55.4
53.6
-11.1
-9.1
-6.4
-7.8
-5.5
-2.2
-3.0
2.2
-1.5
2.2
6.2
6.5
8.6
7.4
6.5
3.6
-3.1
0.9
2.7
4.0
10.5
8.5
9.3
8.8
-17.1
-18.2
-15.9
-16.7
-16.5
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
Twnperatura
Precipitation
U Comp.
V Comp.
(MOT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
7/13/93
en
00
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
15.3
330
53.1
13.4
313
50.8
14.1
327
49.9
12.5
325
49.4
11.1
327
49.6
14.3
332
50.4
12.9
342
51.3
10.5
15
50.3
8.8
17
50.8
7.4
20
51.5
7.9
9.3
12.3
12.2
11.8
11.5
11.6
11.9
10.2
7.9
6.6
6.9
5.9
5.7
16
27
11
21
23
25
24
49
56
42
40
64
79
96
18
.I8.
h6
J_6_
JT7
10
52.9
54.4
56.6
57.1
59.4
_ 60
60.9
58.5
57.8
55.1
52
50.9
52.9
7.7
9.8
7.7
7.2
6.0
6.7
4.0
-1.3
-0.9
-0.9
-2.2
-4.2
-2.3
-4.4
-4.6
-4.9
-4.7
-9.0
-8.5
-5.3
-4.2
-6.2
-5.8
-5.7
0.6
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
PraclptUUon
UComp.
VComp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
7/14/93
CJl
CO
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
12.1
23
53.8
-4.7
15.2
141
18.9
140
52.5
-9.6
50.8
-12.1
19.9
51
-2.1
20
99
50.9
-19.8
24.1
222
23.6
243
51.1
16.1
50.8
21.0
24.7
182
11
50.6
0.9
23.2
159
52.3
0.01
-8.3
26.3
187
10
53.5
3.2
34
29.7
29.1
22.6
22.4
21.8
21.6
2j5
23.3
22.9
18.8
21.6
21.3
19.7
351
231
241
259
143
170
150
206
243
170
187
158
151
152
13
J_3
Jl
12
11
59.2
61.7
62.9
62.4
64.8
64.7
62.5
63.6
62.9
60
57.5
57.3
58.6
60
5.3
23.1
25.5
22.2
-13.5
-3.8
-10.8
11.0
20.8
-4.0
2.3
-8.1
-10.3
-9.2
-11.1
-19.8
18.7
20.0
18.6
17.4
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Slgmt
Tampantura
Precipitation
UComp.
V Comp.
(MOT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
7/15/93
en
o
10
11
12
13
14
15
17
18
J9
20
21
22
24
17.3
173
11
61
14
217
60.6
6.4
340
18
59.9
10
118
59.6
6.6
122
59.7
7.6
357
12
60.4
9.1
124
61.6
9.3
139
63.4
13.3
165
67
8.2
159
14
67.2
5.5
4.3
6.1
4.9
4.7
10.5
17.8
22.2
22.4
22.4
20.6
17.1
16.1
14.4
176
181
195
224
330
19
16
354
352
346
14
335
16
17
_4_6_
24
11
12
12
68.5
_ 72
75.6
77.5
79.3
78.8
75.2
63.4
_ 62^
59.8
59.2
59.2
59
0.01
0.03
-2.1
8.4
2.2
-8.8
-5.6
0.4
-7.5
-6.1
-3.4
-2.9
-0.4
0.1
1.6
3.4
2.4
-3.4
-4.9
2.3
3.1
5.4
-5.0
7.2
-2.2
-4.0
17.2
11.2
-6.0
4.7
3.5
-7.6
5.1
7.0
12.8
7.7
5.5
4.3
5.9
3.5
-4.1
-9.9
-17.1
-22.1
-22.2
-21.7
-20.0
-15.5
-15.9
-13.8
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
UComp.
VComp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
7/16/93
O
O)
2
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
11.5
27
6
58.3
-5.2
-10.2
10
10
8
58.3
-1.7
-9.8
10.4
9.8
340
10
10
58.2
-0.7
-10.4
57.6
3.4
-9.2
9.6
338
12
335
57.3
3.6
-8.9
56.4
5.1
-10.9
11.8
337
55.7
4.6
-10.9
12
344
12
55.9
0.01
3.3
-11.5
11
324
55.3
6.5
-8.9
11.7
324
55.8
6.9
-9.5
7.3
7.1
7.1
5.9
5.8
10.3
16.3
18.2
14.7
12.1
11.5
11.4
8.1
8.6
324
311
298
309
342
334
341
7
24
19
1_
28
359
10
10
12
18
25
16
10
12
11
7
13
_2°_
15
57.S
59.3
62.4
66.2
67.2
68.6
66.4
62.3
JT7
54.6
53.4
53.9
52.4
51.8
4.3
5.4
6.3
4.6
-0.5
3.2
7.1
5.9
-1.8
-4.9
-3.7
-0.2
-3.8
0.2
-5.9
-4.7
-3.3
-3.7
-5.8
-9.8
-14.7
-17.2
-14.6
-11.1
-10.9
-11.4
-7.2
-8.6
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
U Comp.
V Comp.
(MPT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
7/17/93
O
O)
ro
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
_V7
18
19
21
22
23
24
8.4
339
51
10.4
330
51
11.1
357
19
52.3
9.9
61
15
51.6
8.4
85
51
4.5
290
17
51.8
5.4
249
15
55.2
6.1
203
16
58.2
7.5
167
17
61
7.3
197
19
63.7
9.3
9.9
11.6
12.8
15.7
14.7
13.6
11.1
8.7
9.8
8.5
10.8
8.8
189
315
299
203
305
16
245
358
108
137
129
331
85
74
20
Jii
17
8
16
13
21
66.2
68.3
69.2
71.1
71.5
71.8
67.1
62.7
64.8
61.8
60.8
59.5
60.9
57.3
0.04
0.01
0.1
0.02
3.0
5.2
0.6
-8.7
-8.4
4.2
5.0
2.4
-1.7
2.1
1.5
7.0
10.1
5.0
11.5
-4.3
13.3
0.5
-10.6
-5.9
-7.6
4.1
-10.8
-8.5
-7.8
-9.0
-11.1
-4.8
-0.7
-1.5
1.9
5.6
7.3
7.0
9.2
-7.0
-5.6
11.8
-8.0
-15.1
6.2
-13.6
3.4
6.4
6.2
-7.4
-0.9
-2.4
-------
Meteorological Data Summary
1993 Field Program
Cordero Coal Mine
Gillette, Wyoming
Date
Hour
Wind Speed
Wind
Sigma
Temperature
Precipitation
UComp.
V Comp.
(MDT)
(MPH)
Direction
Theta
(In.)
(MPH)
(MPH)
7/18/93
en
CO
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
4.3
63
57
2.7
31
24
57.2
5.3
296
19
58.2
3.8
98
18
58.3
2.5
13
31
58.1
3.1
337
20
57.7
8.9
284
17
59.6
14.5
310
60.8
16.9
319
61
17.7
326
62.7
15.1
12.8
11.7
11.9
12.8
14.9
15.9
15.5
14.6
9.3
4.2
4.4
5.1
6.2
332
331
334
333
336
340
347
360
11
353
335
349
48
45
12
Jl
4
T3
14
10
.I3.
14
64.1
65.5
66.9
68
69.2
69.3
68.9
67.6
64.9
60.2
55.6
53.1
52.5
50.6
-3.8
-1.4
4.8
-3.8
-0.6
1.2
8.6
11.1
11.1
9.9
7.1
6.2
5.1
5.4
5.2
5.1
3.6
0.0
-2.8
1.1
1.8
0.8
-3.8
-4.4
-2.0
-2.3
-2.3
0.5
-2.4
-2.9
-2.2
-9.3
-12.8
-14.7
-13.3
-11.2
-10.5
-10.6
-11.7
-14.0
-15.5
-15.5
-14.3
-9.2
-3.8
-4.3
-3.4
-4.4
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APPENDIX E
QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDIT REPORT
-------
MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE
QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDIT REPORT
Data quality objectives and requirements were presented in the Quality
Assurance Plan. The primary parameters to be accurately measured were the
temperature, relative humidity, and filter weights in the weighing room; and the
sampler flow, time, temperature, pressure, wind direction, wind speed, and
precipitation in the field.
Audits were conducted by MRI and Inter-Mountain Laboratories, Inc. (IML) staff.
The results of the IML audits are provided in Appendix G. Records were properly
documented, equipment calibration met the requirements, data were accurately
transferred and calculated, and the accuracy data quality objectives (DQOs) were met
except for the items listed below. The overall accuracy of the ambient air quality
monitoring was within 10%. The standard deviation of collocated measurements at
less than 10% was within the criterion of 15%. The overall completeness of the
ambient sampling was 93% for the PM-10 samples, and 92% for the TSP samples.
The major issue was that the MRI and IML results for the sampler flow checks
did not match. According to IML, one sampler did not pass the 7% criterion during the
July audit and four samplers did not pass the criterion during the July audit. The
worst result for a sampler was a 28% deviation. MRI results showed that the
samplers met the calibration requirements. MRI's results were based on properly
calibrated equipment that was traceable to primary standards or procedures. IML's
thermometers were stated to be traceable to Japanese standards, but no other
information was available at the time of the MRI audit. IML's barometer was stated to
not be traceable to NIST standards. Therefore, the MRI results should be used.
In some cases the accuracy objectives for this study were tighter than the
calibration requirements. Because the calibration criteria were met in these cases, the
data are considered valid and thus any accuracy objective would have been met. In
addition, the completeness objective was stated separately in terms of the sampling
objective and the weighing objective. This objective should have been a composite of
the two, expressed in terms of sampling results usable as the end product.
Quality-related items discovered in the audits are discussed below under the
major classifications of calibration, accuracy, and traceability.
E-1
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Calibration
1. MRI on-off and elapsed timers were checked after sampling, not prior to use as
was stipulated in the QA plan. Only one on-off timer did not meet the criterion
of 30 min for a 24-hr operation; the timer for the TSP sampler at MRI Site 1
read high by 48.5 min. According to John Kinsey, since the elapsed timer for
that sampler is correct, data quality should not be affected.
2. MRI's field aneroid barometer was not calibrated prior to use. This barometer
was calibrated after testing; the results were well within the criteria.
Accuracy
1. Wind speed at the in-pit station was off by a factor of 2 on June 15, 1993. This
problem was corrected by MRI staff on that date.
2. IML's audit showed that not all the accuracy DQOs were met for the
meteorological sensors. However, since the DQOs were more stringent than
required by EPA guidance, the resultant data quality should not be affected.
3. IML had used the wrong criterion for the mid-range assessment of the two in-pit
temperature sensors. The criterion of 1°C was used instead of 0.5°C. For the
first audit only, the absolute temperature did not meet EPA applications criteria.
However, the temperature bias was the same for the two sensors and the
temperature difference between sensors (the parameter of interest) is
considered by project management to be accurate and suitable for their
intended use. The in-pit meteorological data are not considered to be of
primary interest.
4. One of the samplers in IML's June audit and four of the samplers in IML's July
audit did not meet flow rate accuracy criterion. One sampler result was 28%,
instead of the required 7%. However, all samplers periodically checked by MRI
did meet the 7% criterion. Because MRI's equipment was properly calibrated
against primary standards or procedures, MRI's audit results should be used.
Traceability
1. Some records had not initially been completely identified and retained to avoid
mix-up with other records and to trace the work. Some corrective actions have
already been taken. Additional actions will be taken to prevent recurrence.
2. IML's thermometers are stated by IML to be traceable to a Japanese standard.
However, the specifications were not provided.
E-2
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3. IML's field barometer was not NIST traceable.
The general audit of MRI work is described below, along with summaries of the
audits conducted by Mary Ann Grelinger and John Kinsey. For the general audit, all
hard copy field and laboratory records were examined for adherence to requirements,
and selected data were traced from the record to the spreadsheet to verify transfer
accuracy.
1.0 Type of Records
Most field and laboratory records were bound or were retained in a 3-hole
binder. Data collection/analysis records were in the form of printouts and
spreadsheets. Hard copy records not included with the project records included those
for the constant temperature/relative humidity room, the field thermometers, and the
field barometer.
Some hard copy records did not include all the required identifiers, such as the
project number and/or site, date, and staff name or traceable initials.
2.0 Calibration of Field Equipment
Field equipment that had to be calibrated or verified included thermometers,
barometers, timers, samplers and orifices, wind speed, and wind direction.
According to the VFC sampler procedure, the thermometers were required to
be checked yearly against a NIST thermometer. The last annual check of a field
thermometer was made in August 1992; the results were within 3°F as required.
Calibration was verified.
Also according to the VFC sampler procedure, the aneroid barometer had to be
checked yearly against a barometer of known accuracy. Calibration was verified.
According to the plan, the on-off timer had to be calibrated every month against
the elapsed time meter and the elapsed time meter had to be calibrated every six
months against a standard timepiece.
The on-off and elapsed time meters were not coded and so documented on the
field records as is required for traceability. However, the elapsed time meters could
be traced at the end of the collection period because the last reading obtained was
still on the meter. Upon discovery of the missing calibration, project management had
all timers checked for accuracy. All elapsed time meters were within the criterion of
30 min for 24-hr operation. All except one on-off timer was within the criterion of
30 min for 24-hr operation; that timer was high by 48.5 min.
E-3
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VFC sampler operations were verified using a single point check. A written
verification procedure and data forms were provided. The checks of the BGI orifices
were within the criterion of 2%. The flow checks were within 7%. The criterion shown
in Table 2-7 is much tighter than the 10% criterion that was required by the procedure.
All samplers were checked initially and monthly; several checks were made after
maintenance.
The wind speed at the R. M. Young Wind Station was calibrated in miles per
hour and revolutions per minute. The wind directions were also verified. No problems
were detected.
3.0 Calibration of Laboratory Equipment
The laboratory equipment that had to be calibrated included the wet/dry bulb
thermometers used to measure the temperature and relative humidity in the weighing
room, and the balance used to weigh the filters.
A constant temperature/relative humidity room was used for the equilibration
and weighing of the tare and final filters. Only one day was stated to have not passed-
the temperature and relative humidity criteria. No filters were weighed that day.
Two different psychrometers, consisting of a set of wet-bulb and dry-bulb
thermometers, were used to monitor the temperature and relative humidity of the room
during the weighing of the filters. The first device was calibrated against a NIST
thermometer in 1987 and the relative humidity was constantly recorded, verified
weekly using a motorized sling psychrometer, and so documented on the
hygrothermograph charts. The second device was calibrated against a NIST
thermometer in 1993 and the relative humidity has been recorded, verified weekly, and
so documented.
A Mettler balance was used for the weights of the tare and final filters. The
balance was calibrated each weighing day using Class S weights of 1000, 2000, and
5000 mg, thus providing proof of accuracy and linearity. The weights met the
appropriate calibration criterion of 0.1 mg of the expected value. The criterion of
0.5 mg shown in the report was incorrect; this criterion was for the reweighing check
of the actual filters.
4.0 Sample Collection Records
The records for the reference sampler were properly identified and included the
following data: station number, sampler number, parameter measured, filter pressure,
start/end date and time, and comments. The temperature and pressure were also
E-4
-------
recorded. The filter number was not used on the forms; however, the filter number
was easily tracked using the ambient air quality field filter log.
The ambient air quality field filter log was used to trace filter samples. The log
included the site number, sampler type, filter number, and comments with new dates.
No problems were noted with the records.
5.0 Meteorological Manually-Recorded Records
The weather/plume log was identified only by the date and staff initials. The
project number needs to be added. Data included: location, start and stop time,
observed time, type of plume and type of weather.
6.0 Activity Data
The activity data were examined in detail, as shown in Mary Ann Grelinger's
audit report. The records were first examined for compliance to documentation
requirements, as described below.
The traffic count records were properly identified. Data included the location,
start/stop times, vehicle identification, and axles/wheels.
The original dragline observation records were properly identified, and included
the following data: start and stop time, map, counts, and wind direction. Summaries of
the original records were used to convert the ten minute visual observation periods to
the number of cycles for a shift. The summaries included two bearings from true
north, the location, the angle of swing, and the number of cycles. The summaries
were identified only by date, not by the project number and staff name.
The mine activity log was identified only by the date and staff initials. The
project number needed to be included. Data included: shift, shovel number, pit
identification, type of materials and number of trucks of a type, and many comments.
The train traffic summary records were adequately identified by date and name
of site. Data included: number of trains per day, shipping date, train number, load
time, and sum of the number of trains.
The log for the videos taken at the site included the tape identification, the on
and off dates, and general comments. No problems were detected.
E-5
-------
7.0 Filter Weighing Records
All tare filter weights were reweighed by a second person; the weighing
difference criterion of 0.5 mg was met. About ten percent of the final filter weights
were reweighed by a second person. Only one filter did not meet the weighing
difference criterion of 0.5 mg. Appropriately, this filter weight was not used in the
spreadsheet. Several filters were noted as overloaded. These filters were so
designated on the spreadsheet.
8.0 Spreadsheet
Selected data from the hard copy records were checked for accuracy of transfer
into the spreadsheet used to calculate particulate concentrations. The spreadsheet
was sorted by filter number. The following two sets of filter tare and final weight data
were selected for review: filter numbers 9321007 to 9321061 and 9322015 to
9322076. No entry errors were detected.
The spreadsheet was then sorted by sampling date, and one set of time,
pressure, and filter pressure data for dates 930519 to 930523 were selected for
review. No entry errors were detected.
According to project staff, all entries into the spreadsheet were entered twice for
verification of entry accuracy. This appears to be an excellent system of preventing
entry errors.
Several final field blank filters had particulate concentrations that were higher
than desired. The original data were examined, but no laboratory-related reasons for
the high values could be determined. The field blanks must be assumed to have
retained particulate matter from the field, as can be expected.
9.0 Computer Programs and Data
Mary Ann Grelinger audited the computer programs and spot-checked the
resultant data. No major problems were found.
10.0 IML Audit Reports
John Kinsey reviewed the IML audit reports and found several problems. The
problems included lack of traceability to primary standards or techniques and use of
an incorrect criterion for the mid-range assessment of two in-pit temperature sensors.
The IML sampler check results did not match those by MRI. IML equipment
calibration has not been sufficiently verified and so documented. The calibration of all
E-6
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MRI equipment except the thermometers has now been verified against either primary
standards or techniques. Therefore, MRI's sampler check results must be considered
to be more accurate than those of I ML.
Preparer: Carol Green
Date: October 26, 1993
E-7
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APPENDIX F
INDEPENDENT FIELD AUDIT REPORTS
-------
inter •mountain Laooratones, inc.
555 Absaraka
Sheridan, Wyoming 82801
June 29, 1993
Mr. John S. Kinsey
Principal Environmental Scientist
Midwest Research Institute
c/o Cordero Mine
Gillette, WY 82716
John:
Enclosed are our particulate sampler and meteorological station audit results
from June. Please note that prior to the audit of the in-pit station, the wind speed
sensor's recording range as received at the data logger was apparently not set
correctly, and audit values were off by approximately a factor of 2.. The problem
was corrected by MRI personnel after the audit. Also, the wind direction sensor
bearings exhibited rather high start torques, but were still within manufacturer's
specifications. All other audit results were satisfactory.
A summary of the Cordero met station data will be forwarded after we receive
their data.
Please call if you have any questions concerning these audit summaries.
Bes:
I ML Air Science
-------
AMBIENT AIR MONITORING NETWORK
HIVOL SAMPLER & MET STATION AUDITS
MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE
CORDERO MINE
CAMPBELL COUNTY, WYOMING
Summer 1993
Prepared by:
I ML- Air Science
Sheridan, Wyoming
JLmJL
F-1
-------
Inter! Mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI
Audit Date: 6/15/93
Auditor: D. Olson
Orifice Number: 8041589
Last Calibration: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: MRI-1
Type: Volumetric TSP sampler
Temperature (°C): 22.5
Pressure (in. Hg): 25.4
AP Audit Qstd AP(stag)
in. H20
4.40 1.1139 21.65
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.2 of the Quality
Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems:
Volume 2. Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-2
-------
inter-mountain Laooratones, inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI
Audit Date: 6/15/93
Auditor: D. Olson
Orifice Number: 8041589
Last Calibration: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: MRI-2
Type: Volumetric TSP sampler
Temperature (°C): 21.6
Pressure (in. Hg): 25.4
AP Audit Qstd AP(stag)
in. H20
4.15 1.0800 20.80
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.2 of the Quality
Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems:
Volume 2. Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-3
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI
Audit Date: 6/15/93
Auditor: D. Olson
Orifice Number: 8041589
Last Calibration: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: MRI-3
Type: Volumetric TSP sampler
Temperature (°C): 21.6
Pressure (in. Hg): 25.4
AP Audit Qstd AP(stag)
in. H20
4.25 1.0930 21.85
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.2 of the Quality
Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems:
Volume 2. Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-4
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI
Audit Date: 6/15/93
Auditor: D. Olson
Orifice Number: 8041589
Last Calibration: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: MRI-4
Type: Volumetric TSP sampler
Temperature (°C): 28.3
Pressure (in. Hg): 25.2
AP Audit Qstd AP(stag)
in. H20
4.25 1.1097 21.40
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.2 of the Quality
Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems:
Volume 2. Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-5
-------
InterlMountain Laooratorles, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI
Audit Date: 6/15/93
Auditor: D. Olson
Orifice Number: 8041589
Last Calibration: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: MRI-5
Type: Volumetric TSP sampler
Temperature (°C): 27.0
Pressure (in. Hg): 25.3
AP Audit Qstd AP(stag)
in. H20
4.40 1.1245 21.80
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.2 of the Quality
Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems:
Volume 2. Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-6
-------
Inter-ITIountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI
Audit Date: 6/15/93
Auditor: D. Olson
Orifice Number: 8041589
Last Calibration: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: MRI-6
Type: Volumetric TSP sampler
Temperature (°C): 28.3
Pressure (in. Hg): 25.2
AP Audit Qstd AP(stag)
in. H20
4.20 1.1032 21.20
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.2 of the Quality
Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems:
Volume 2. Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-7
-------
Inter-mountain Laooratories, inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 6/15/93
Auditor: D. Olson
Orifice Number: 8041589
Last Calibration: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: HV-1
Type: Volumetric TSP sampler
Temperature (°C): 30.0
Pressure (in. Hg): 25.3
AP Audit Qstd AP(stag)
in. H20
4.25 1.1107 17.35
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.2 of the Quality
Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems:
Volume 2. Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-8
-------
inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 6/15/93
Auditor: D. Olson
Orifice Number: 8041589
Last Calibration: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: HV-2
Type: Volumetric TSP sampler
Temperature (°C): 31.0
Pressure (in. Hg): 25.22
AP Audit Qstd AP(stag)
in. H20
4.45 1.1402 19.30
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.2 of the Quality
Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems:
Volume 2. Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-9
-------
Inter • mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 6/15/93
Auditor: D. Olson
Orifice Number: 8041589
Last Calibration: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: HV-2A
Type: Volumetric TSP sampler
Temperature (°C): 31.0
Pressure (in. Hg): 25.22
AP
in. H20
3.05
Audit Qstd
0.9436
AP(stag)
12.00
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.2 of the Quality
Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems:
Volume 2. Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-10
-------
Inter-I Mountain Laooratorles, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 6/15/93
Auditor: D. Olson
Orifice Number: 8041589
Last Calibration: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b= 0.5010
Sampler: HV-3
Type: Volumetric TSP sampler
Temperature (°C): 30.0
Pressure (in. Hg): 25.3
AP Audit Qstd AP(stag)
in. H20
4.25 1.1107 19.30
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.2 of the Quality
Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems:
Volume 2. Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-11
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI
Audit Date: 6/15/93
Auditor: D.R. Olson
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Last Calibration: 9/9/92
Sampler: MRI-1
Type: Wedding Critical Flow PM10 Hivol Sampler
Sampler Calibration: N/A for MRI samplers
Temperature: 22.5 °C
Pressure: 25.4 in. Hg
AP
(in. H2O)
4.50
Audit Qa
(m3/min)
1.1265
AP(stag)
(with orifice)
22.4
AP(stag)
(without orifice)
18.75
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.11 of the
Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement
Systems: Volume 2 . Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-12
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI
Audit Date: 6/15/93
Auditor: D.R. Olson
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Last Calibration: 9/9/92
Sampler: MRI-2
Type: Wedding Critical Flow PM10 Hivol Sampler
Sampler Calibration: N/Afor MRI samplers
Temperature: 21.6 °C
Pressure: 25.4 in. Hg
AP
(in. H2O)
5.00
Audit Q,a
(m3/min)
1.1857
AP(stag)
(with orifice)
16.5
AP (stag)
(without orifice)
12.45
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.11 of the
Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement
Systems: Volume 2 . Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-13
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Inter-fTlountoin Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI
Audit Date: 6/15/93
Auditor: D.R. Olson
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Last Calibration: 9/9/92
Sampler: MRI-3
Type: Wedding Critical Flow PM10 Hivol Sampler
Sampler Calibration: N/Afor MRI samplers
Temperature: 21.6 °C
Pressure: 25.4 in. Hg
AP
(in. H2O)
4.15
Audit Qa
(m3/min)
1.0800
AP(stag)
(with orifice)
22.8
AP (stag)
(without orifice)
19.85
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.11 of the
Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement
Systems: Volume 2 . Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-14
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Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI
Audit Date: 6/15/93
Auditor: D.R. Olson
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Last Calibration: 9/9/92
Sampler: MRI-4
Type: Wedding Critical Flow PM10 Hivol Sampler
Sampler Calibration: N/A for MRI samplers
Temperature: 28.3 °C
Pressure: 25.2 in. Hg
AP
(in. H2O)
4.15
Audit Qa
(m3/min)
1.0966
AP(stag)
(with orifice)
23.85
AP(stag)
(without orifice)
20.60
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.11 of the
Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement
Systems: Volume 2 . Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-15
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Interl Mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI
Audit Date: 6/15/93
Auditor: D.R. Olson
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Last Calibration: 9/9/92
Sampler: MRI-5
Type: Wedding Critical Flow PM10 Hivol Sampler
Sampler Calibration: N/A for MRI samplers
°c
Temperature: 27.0
Pressure: 25.3 in. Hg
AP
(in. H2O)
4.25
Audit Qa
(m3/min)
1.1052
AP(stag)
(with orifice)
23.6
AP(stag)
(without orifice)
20.15
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.11 of the
Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement
Systems: Volume 2 . Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-16
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Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI
Audit Date: 6/15/93
Auditor: D.R. Olson
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Last Calibration: 9/9/92
Sampler: MRI-6
Type: Wedding Critical Flow PM10 Hivol Sampler
Sampler Calibration: N/A for MRI samplers
Temperature: 28.3 °C
Pressure: 25.2 in. Hg
AP
(in. H2O)
4.40
Audit Qa
(m3/min)
1.1292
AP(stag)
(with orifice)
23.75
AP(stag)
(without orifice)
20.15
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.11 of the
Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement
Systems: Volume 2 . Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-17
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 6/15/93
Auditor: D.R. Olson
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Last Calibration: 9/9/92
Sampler: PM10-1
Type: Wedding Critical Flow PM10 Hivol Sampler
Sampler Calibration: N/A for MRI samplers
Temperature: 30.0
Pressure: 25.3
°C
in. Hg
AP
(in. H2O)
4.40
Audit Qa
(m3/min)
1.1301
AP(stag)
(with orifice)
22.45
AP (stag)
(without orifice)
18.95
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.11 of the
Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement
Systems: Volume 2 . Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-18
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 6/15/93
Auditor: D.R. Olson
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Last Calibration: 9/9/92
Sampler: PM10-2
Type: Wedding Critical Flow PM10 Hivol Sampler
Sampler Calibration: N/Afor MRI samplers
Temperature: 31.0 °C
Pressure: 25.2 in. Hg
AP
(in. H2O)
3.85
Audit Qa
(m3/min)
1 .0604
AP(stag)
(with orifice)
22.8
AP(stag)
(without orifice)
18.90
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.11 of the
Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement
Systems: Volume 2 . Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-19
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 6/15/93
Auditor: D.R. Olson
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Last Calibration: 9/9/92
Sampler: PM10-2A
Type: Wedding Critical Flow PM10 Hivol Sampler
Sampler Calibration: N/A for MRI samplers
Temperature: 31.0 °C
Pressure: 25.2 in. Hg
AP
(in. H2O)
4.10
Audit Qa
(m3/min)
1.0944
AP(stag)
(with orifice)
22.6
AP(stag)
(without orifice)
19.35
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.11 of the
Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement
Systems: Volume 2 . Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-20
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 6/15/93
Auditor: D.R. Olson
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Last Calibration: 9/9/92
Sampler: PM10-3
Type: Wedding Critical Flow PM10 Hivol Sampler
Sampler Calibration: N/A for MRI samplers
Temperature: 30.0 °C
Pressure: 25.3 in. Hg
AP
(in. H2O)
4.85
Audit Qa
(m3/min)
1.1866
AP(stag)
(with orifice)
22.35
AP(stag)
(without orifice)
18.55
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.11 of the
Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement
Systems: Volume 2 . Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-21
-------
Intef mountain Laboratories, Inc.
Met Station:
Audit Date:
METEOROLOGICAL STATION AUDIT SUMMARY
MRI/Cordero Inpit Station
15-Jun-93
Sensor
MfrVModel
Reference Device
Wind Speed (WS):
Wind Direction (WD):
Temperature (T):
Precipitation (Ppt.):
ClimatronicsWMIII
Climatronics WMIII
Climatronics thermistors w/ TS-10 aspirators
SN 4874 (lower) / SN 4875 (upper)
N/A
Data acquisition system (DAS): Climatronics IMP 860 logger with recorder
quartz referenced drive motor
transit, compass
Hg-in-glass thermometer and ASTM
traceable thermometer (SN 26530)
lab grade burette
N/A
Audit Results
WS (mph)
WS start torque (gm-cm)
WD (degrees)
WD start torque, CW (gm-cm)
WD start torque, CCW (gm-cm)
Upper Temperature (°F)
SN 4875
Lower Temperature (°F)
SN4874
Reference
3.38
9.14
29.30
48.50
<0.1
360.0
90.0
180.0
270.0
6.3
-------
Inter-mountain Laooratones, inc.
Meteorological Station Audit/Calibration
Technician:
Sensors
Wind Direction
Temp.,
Bar. Pres.
Precipitation
Wind Speed
starting torque
reference
rpm
rpm
mph
rpm
mph
rpm
mph
Site: X-v
Date:
WX Conditions:
Bar, pressure:
232"
,Wind Sp
er/n
i&fe
7?7~
R.H.
DAS
62
System Audit
Wind Direction
. 1 C.
DAS
(0.0 I
Barometric Pressure
ref.
DAS
chart
J.o
V6-S
Ccu> V*- *T^ 3. "*>
starting torque <^o»/ ^. 2, <"r~<^ -Yarn-cm
initial alignment (N) /J •• 2. £-
-------
inter'mountain caoofeuwn«:>,
32. L
Temperature
39
x^»
IOmeter
reference
2 meter
reference
81J
l M
delta T
ef. 2m/ref. 10m
Audit notes:
DAS
3Z.3
DAS
32.3
8i.tr
2 of
chart
chart
P/-PP
• OCOO
~&»0
Precipitation
3Z.30
inspection
mis/weight tips in. equiv.
Oooo
End System Audit
F-24
5/93
-------
Inter-fDountoin Laboratories, Inc.
Post Calibration Measurements
3 of 3
Translator Cards
wind speed
wind direction
temperature
precipitation
Zero Span 540
found
after adj.
found
after adj.
found
after adj.
Wind Speed
Wind Direction
reference
DAS
chart
rpm
mph
rpm
mph
rpm
mph
reference DAS chart
360
090
180
270
Temperature
Barometric Pressure
ref.
DAS
Precipitation
tips
ml
Relative Humidity
ref. dry bulb
ref. RH
ref. wet bulb
DASRH
10 meter
reference DAS chart
•F °C
°F "C
°F °C
2 meter
reference
•F 'C
•F 'C
•F 'C
OAS
chart
delta T
ref. 2m/ref. 10m 2m 10m
Notes (include any adjustments):
F-25
5/93
-------
Inter! Mountain Laooratories, Inc.
METEOROLOGICAL STATION AUDIT SUMMARY
Met Station:
Audit Date:
Cordero Mine
8-Jun-93
Sensor
MfrVModel
Reference Device
Wind Speed (WS):
Wind Direction (WD):
Temperature (T):
Precipitation (Ppt):
Climatronics WMIII
Climatronics WMIII
Climatronics thermister with self aspirator
Climatronics tipping bucket
Data acquisition system (DAS): Climatronics EWS with CSI 21 datalogger
quartz referenced drive motor
transit, compass
Hg-in-glass thermometer, or t-couple
lab grade burette
N/A
Audit Results
WS (mph)
WS start torque (gm-cm)
WD (degrees)
WD start torque, CW (gm-cm)
WD start torque, CCW (gm-cm)
Temperature (°F)
Precipitation (0.1" equiv.)
Reference
4.34
10.10
38.90
86.90
<0.1
360.0
90.0
180.0
270.0
2.9
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
Meteorological Station Audit/Calibration
1of
Client:
Site:
-/ /Me~f-
./OOO f
Technician:
WX Conditions:
Bar, pressure:
Sensors C/,'
Wind Direction
Temp., aspiration
Wind Speed
ur
Bar. Pres.
R.H.
Precipitation C /ff
iti
X-c
Wind Speed
System Audit
Wind Direction
starting torque «£ O. ( gm-cm
reference DAS chart
&G rpm
^-3i mph
2^?C> rpm
/£>. / mph
0C"C» rpm
-^*- ' mph
/0O-O rpm
V 0
3? 3
87.0
_
? ?
39>/
*.a
•S-f-fC.
OAJ ^.^T^-0 CCIA> /.?Y
09?
/82-
2-7 /
360
0^0
l%0
2b%
Barometric Pressure
ref.
DAS
Relative Humidity
F-27
5/93
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, inc.
Temperature
reference
reference
•F -c
•F *C
delta T
ef. 2m/ref. 10m
DAS
DAS
2m
chart
32-0
60.
chart
10m
Precipitation
inspection
.<3
10
so
2 of
mis/weight tips in. equiv.
Audit notes: char1~
ad 'a nee ct
k; TT
eK:
End System Audit
F-28
5/93
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
Post Calibration Measurements
3 of 3
Translator Cards
wind speed
wind direction
temperature
precipitation
Zero Span 540
found
.coo/S}
1
after adj.
A/<\/OOO
/
found
'
. W/&
/
after adj.
'
.6¥6/3Se
/
found
.W/&ZA
after adj.
.665/36.
/
Wind Speed
Wind Direction
reference DAS chart
rpm
mph
rpm
mph
rpm
mph
**i
«eerfe
Barometric Pressure
ref. / /A
DAS /
Precipitation
I/\L
4
tips ml
/-
tt-e&Z
Relative Humidity A/fc.
ref. dry bulb ref. RH
ref. wet bulb DAS RH
reference DAS chart
360
090
180
270
>4/
o*?2.
/£/
2.^.^
357
0^0
n ?
2-(o &
Temperature
33-meter "Z. /M e i~f ^-
reference DAS chart
•F °C
°F °C
°F °C
^0T<
t/ee&et?'
2 metec^^ /
reference ^^^\DAS/ chart
•F 'C
•F -c
•F «c
delta T
^~~
^X
/*^^
(
*s
>
-------
AMBIENT AIR MONITORING NETWORK
QUALITY ASSURANCE AUDITS
MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE
CORDERO MINE
CAMPBELL COUNTY, WYOMING
July, 1993
Prepared by:
I ML - Air Science
Sheridan, Wyoming
JLmJL
F-30
-------
Inter-mountain Laootatones, inc.
555 Absaraka
Sheridan, Wyoming 82801
July 23, 1993
Mr. John S. Kinsey
Principal Environmental Scientist
Midwest Research Institute
425 Volker Boulevard
Kansas City, MO 64110
John:
Enclosed are the sampler and meteorological station audits performed at the
Cordero Mine in July. The wind direction vane at the Cordero station was found
rotated from horizontal, likely from a raptor, and was corrected after the audit.
Also enclosed are the met data summaries from the Cordero met station for May
and June, July met data will be forwarded after it is processed.
Please note the power at the hivol stands needs to be removed before we can
remove the scaffolding, which should be done no later than August 21, the
conclusion of the contracted rental period. Please notify us when the power is
removed.
A reminder that we would greatly appreciate a report of the study when
completed. It has been a pleasure working with yourself and MRI.
Be:
I ML Air Science
F-31
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI / Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 7/20/93
Auditor: J. Cicha
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration Date: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: PM -1
Type: Wedding Critical Flow PM10 Hivol Sampler
Temperature: 27.0
Pressure: 25.4
°C
in. Hg
AP
(in. H2O)
4.60
Audit Qa
(m3/min)
1.1476
AP stagnation
(with orifice)
22.3
AP stagnation
(without orifice)
18.50
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.11 of the
Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement
Systems: Volume 2 . Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-32
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI / Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 7/20/93
Auditor: J. Cicha
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration Date: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: PM - 2
Type: Wedding Critical Flow PM10 Hivol Sampler
Temperature: 27.0 °C
Pressure: 25.4 in. Hg
AP
(in. H2O)
4.40
Audit Qa
(m3/min)
1.1223
AP stagnation
(with orifice)
20.70
AP stagnation
(without orifice)
17.50
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.11 of the
Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement
Systems: Volume 2 . Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-33
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI / Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 7/20/93
Auditor: J. Cicha
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration Date: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: PM - 2A
Type: Wedding Critical Flow PM10 Hivol Sampler
Temperature: 27.0 °C
Pressure: 25.4 in. Hg
AP
(in. H2O)
4.00
Audit Qa
(m3/min)
1.0700
AP stagnation
(with orifice)
20.30
AP stagnation
(without orifice)
17.15
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.11 of the
Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement
Systems: Volume 2 . Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-34
-------
Inter •mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI / Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 7/20/93
Auditor: J. Cicha
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration Date: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: PM - 3
Type: Wedding Critical Flow PM10 Hivol Sampler
Temperature: 26.5 °C
Pressure: 25.4 in. Hg
AP
(in. H2O)
4.70
Audit Qa
(m3/min)
1.1586
AP stagnation
(with orifice)
22.00
AP stagnation
(without orifice)
18.10
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.11 of the
Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement
Systems: Volume 2 . Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-35
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI / Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 7/20/93
Auditor: J. Ciena
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration Date: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: MRIPM10-1
Type: Wedding Critical Flow PM10 Hivd Sampler
Temperature: 24.0 °C
Pressure: 25.5 in. Hg
AP
(in. H2O)
4.30
Audit Qa
(m3/min)
1.1013
AP stagnation
(with orifice)
21.10
AP stagnation
(without orifice)
17.40
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.11 of the
Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement
Systems: Volume 2 . Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-36
-------
inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI / Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 7/20/93
Auditor: J. Cicha
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration Date: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: MRI PM10-2
Type: Wedding Critical Flow PM10 Hivol Sampler
Temperature: 23.8 °C
Pressure: 25.6 in. Hg
AP
(in. H2O)
4.80
Audit Qa
(m3/min)
1.1617
AP stagnation
(with orifice)
21.80
AP stagnation
(without orifice)
18.05
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.11 of the
Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement
Systems: Volume 2 . Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-37
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI / Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 7/20/93
Auditor: J. Cicha
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration Date: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: MRI PM10-3
Type: Wedding Critical Flow PM10 Hivol Sampler
Temperature: 18.6 °C
Pressure: 25.5 in. Hg
AP
(in. H2O)
4.00
Audit Qa
(m3/min)
1 .0528
AP stagnation
(with orifice)
20.20
AP stagnation
(without orifice)
17.05
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.11 of the
Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement
Systems: Volume 2 . Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-38
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI / Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 7/20/93
Auditor: J. Cicha
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration Date: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: MRIPM10-4
Type: Wedding Critical Flow PM10 Hivol Sampler
Temperature: 27.8 °C
Pressure: 25.4 in. Hg
AP
(in. H2O)
4.40
Audit Qa
(m3/min)
1.1238
AP stagnation
(with orifice)
18.85
AP stagnation
(without orifice)
18.20
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.11 of the
Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement
Systems: Volume 2 . Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-39
-------
InteffTlountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI / Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 7/20/93
Auditor: J. Cicha
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration Date: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: MRI PM10-5
Type: Wedding Critical Flow PM10 Hivol Sampler
Temperature: 27.0
Pressure: 25.4
°C
in. Hg
AP
(in. H2O)
4.20
Audit Qa
(m3/min)
1.0965
AP stagnation
(with orifice)
21.40
AP stagnation
(without orifice)
17.70
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.11 of the
Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement
Systems: Volume 2 . Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-40
-------
InteffTlountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI / Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 7/20/93
Auditor: J. Ciena
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration Date: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: MRIPM10-6
Type: Wedding Critical Flow PM10 Hivol Sampler
Temperature: 26.2 °C
Pressure: 25.3 in. Hg
AP
(in. H2O)
4.30
Audit Qa
(m3/min)
1.1102
AP stagnation
(with orifice)
20.40
AP stagnation
(without orifice)
16.95
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.11 of the
Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement
Systems: Volume 2 . Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-41
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI / Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 7/20/93
Auditor: J. Cicha
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration Date: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: MRI TSP -1
Type: Volumetric TSP sampler
Temperature (°C): 24.0
Pressure (in. Hg): 25.52
AP
in. H20
4.40
Audit Qstd
1.1141
AP stagnation
20.70
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.2 of the Quality
Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems:
Volume 2. Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-42
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI / Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 7/20/93
Auditor: J. Cicha
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration Date: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P * b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: MRI TSP - 2
Type: Volumetric TSP sampler
Temperature (°C): 23.8
Pressure (in. Hg): 25.59
AP Audit Qstd AP stagnation
in. H20
4.50 1.1248 21.10
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.2 of the Quality
Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems:
Volume 2. Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-43
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI / Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 7/20/93
Auditor: J. Cicha
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration Date: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: MRI TSP - 3
Type: Volumetric TSP sampler
Temperature (°C): 18.6
Pressure (in. Hg): 25.5
AP
in. H20
4.20
Audit Qstd
1.0789
AP stagnation
20.40
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.2 of the Quality
Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems:
Volume 2. Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-44
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI / Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 7/20/93
Auditor: J. Cicha
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration Date: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: MRI TSP - 4
Type: Volumetric TSP sampler
Temperature (°C): 27.8
Pressure (in. Hg): 25.4
AP Audit Qstd AP stagnation
in. H20
4.20 1.0979 20.80
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.2 of the Quality
Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems:
Volume 2. Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-45
-------
Inter-fTlountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI / Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 7/20/93
Auditor: J. Ciena
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration Date: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: MRI TSP - 5
Type: Volumetric TSP sampler
Temperature (°C): 27.0
Pressure (in. Hg): 25.4
AP Audit Qstd AP stagnation
in. H20
4.40 1.1223 21.00
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.2 of the Quality
Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems:
Volume 2. Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-46
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI / Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 7/20/93
Auditor: J. Cicha
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration Date: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: MRI TSP - 6
Type: Volumetric TSP sampler
Temperature (°C): 26.2
Pressure (in. Hg): 25.3
AP Audit Qstd AP stagnation
in. H20
4.40 1.1230 20.60
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.2 of the Quality
Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems:
Volume 2. Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-47
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Interfflountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI / Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 7/20/93
Auditor: J. Cicha
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration Date: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: HV-1
Type: Volumetric TSP sampler
Temperature (°C): 27.0
Pressure (in. Hg): 25.4
AP Audit Qstd AP stagnation
in. H20
3.70 1.0290 13.30
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.2 of the Quality
Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems:
Volume 2. Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-48
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Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI / Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 7/20/93
Auditor: J. Cicha
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration Date: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: HV-2
Type: Volumetric TSP sampler
Temperature (°C): 27.0
Pressure (in. Hg): 25.4
AP Audit Qstd AP stagnation
in. H20
3.80 1.0428 18.30
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.2 of the Quality
Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems:
Volume 2. Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-49
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI / Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 7/20/93
Auditor: J. Cicha
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration Date: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: HV-2A
Type: Volumetric TSP sampler
Temperature (°C): 27.0
Pressure (in. Hg): 25.4
AP Audit Qstd AP stagnation
in. H20
4.20 1.0965 19.70
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.2 of the Quality
Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems:
Volume 2. Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-50
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
SAMPLER FLOW AUDIT REPORT
Client: MRI / Cordero Mine
Audit Date: 7/20/93
Auditor: J. Ciena
Orifice Number: 8041589
Orifice Calibration Date: 9/9/92
Orifice Calibration: Qr = a * Delta P A b
where a = 0.4906 and b = 0.5010
Sampler: HV-3
Type: Volumetric TSP sampler
Temperature (°C): 26.5
Pressure (in. Hg): 25.42
AP Audit Qstd AP stagnation
in. H20
4.20 1.0951 20.50
Comments:
This Audit was performed according to Section 2.2 of the Quality
Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems:
Volume 2. Ambient Air Specific Methods.
F-51
-------
Inter-mountain Laboratories, Inc.
Met Station:
Audit Date:
Sensor
METEOROLOGICAL STATION AUDIT SUMMARY
MRI/Cordero Inpit Station
20-Jul-93
MfrVModel
Reference Device
Wind Speed (WS):
Wind Direction (WD):
Temperature (T):
Precipitation (Ppt):
Climatronics WMIII
ClimatronicsWMIII
Climatronics thermistors w/TS-10 aspirators
SN 4874 (tower) / SN 4875 (upper)
N/A
quartz referenced drive motor
transit compass |
Hg-in-glass thermometer and ASTM
traceable thermometer (SN 26530)
lab grade burette
Data acquisition system (DAS). Climatronics IMP 860 logger with recorder N/A
Audit Results
Reference DAS Value [Difference) Specification
WS (mph) 3.38 3.23
9.14 8.85
29.30 28.60
86.90 85.20
WS start torque (gm-cm) <0.1 N/A
WD (degrees) 360.0 360.0
90.0 91.0
180.0 180.0
270.0 271.0
WD start torque, CW (gm-cm) 4.5
-------
lnterfTlountain Laboratories, Inc.
METEOROLOGICAL STATION AUDIT SUMMARY
Met Station:
Audit Date:
Sensor
Cordero
20-Jul-93
Mfr./Model
Reference Device
Wind Speed (WS):
Wind Direction (WD):
Temperature (T):
Precipitation (Ppt):
Climatronics WMIII
Climatronics WMIII
Climatronics thermistors w/ TS-10 aspirators
Climatronics heated tipping bucket
Data acquisition system (DAS): Climatronics EWS/CSI CR21
quartz referenced drive motor
transit, compass
Hg-in-glass thermometer
lab grade burette
N/A
Audit Results
Reference
WS (mph) 3.38
9.14
29.30
86.90
WS start torque (gm-cm) <0. 1
WD (degrees) 360.0
90.0
180.0
270.0
WD start torque, CW (gm-cm) 3.5
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on reverse before completing)
\. REPORT NO.
EPA-454/R-94-024.
3. RECIPIENTS ACCESSION NO
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Modeling Fugitive Dust Impacts from Surface Coal
Mining Operations - Phase I
5. REPORT DATE
July 1994
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
G. E. Muleski, J. S. Kinsey, C. Cowherd, Jr.
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Midwest Research Institute
425 Volker Blvd.
Kansas City, MO 64110
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO
II. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-D2-0159
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, TSD
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Final Report
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Technical Representative:
Jawad S. Touma
16 ABSTRACT
This report describes an intensive field monitoring program to collect data on
ambient air quality (with an emphasis on PM-10), meteorology, and source activity at
a representative western surface coal mine that can be used in conjunction with the
most appropriate emission factors to determine the predictive accuracy of the ISC2
air quality model. The study site was the Cordero surface coal mine in the Powder
River Basin of Wyoming. Monitoring was performed using a nine station network
during thirty 24-hr periods (midnight to midnight) from May 19 to July 18, 1993.
Source activity was resolved to a shift basis to provide for much more accurate
estimation of short-term emission rates associated with the removal, transfer,
transport, storage, and shipment of mined materials. This report describes the
field study design, instruments and monitoring schedule, data reduction procedures,
and test results.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air Pollution
Air Quality Dispersion Modeling
Meteorology
Surface Coal Mines
Fugitive Dust
18 DISTRIBUTION CTATEMENT
Release Unlimited
19 SECURTTY CLASS (Rtpon)
Unclassified
21 NO. OF PAGES
373
20. SECURITY CLASS (Pogt)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Fora S20-1 (R«r. 4-T71 PREVIOUS EDrTION IS OBSOLETE
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