v>EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of
Solid Waste
Washington, D C. 20460
EPA/530-SW-88-0009-k
May 1988
Solid Waste
Best
Demonstrated
Available Technology
(BOAT) Background
Document for
K101,K102
Proposed
Volume 12
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(, PROPOSED
BEST DEMONSTRATED AND AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BOAT)
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT
FOR K101 AND K102
VOLUME 12
(Veterinary Pharmaceutical Industry)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Solid Waste
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
James R. Berlow, Chief Juan Baez-Martinez
Treatment Technology Section Project Manager
May 1988
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5, Library (PL-12J)
77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th Floor
Chicago, 11 60604-3590
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i
1. 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1
1.1 Legal Background 1-1
1.1.1 Requirements Under HSWA 1-1
1.1.2 Schedule for Developing Restrictions ... 1-5
1.2 Summary of Promulgated BOAT Methodology 1-6
1.2.1 Waste Treatability Groups 1-8
1.2.2 Demonstrated and AvailaBle Treatment
Technologies 1-9
(1) Proprietary or Patented Process ... 1-12
(2) Substantial Treatment 1-12
1.2.3 Collection of Performance Data 1-13
(1) Identification of Facilities for
Site Visits 1-14
(2) Engineering Site Visit 1-16
(3) Sampling and Analysis Plan 1-17
(4) Sampling Visit 1-19
(5) Onsite Engineering Report 1-19
1.2.4 Hazardous Constituents Considered and
Selected for Regulation 1-20
(1) Development of BDAT List 1-20
(2) Constituent Selection Analysis .... 1-31
(3) Calculation of Standards 1-32
1.2.5 Compliance with Performance Standards... 1-34
1.2.6 Identification of BDAT 1-36
(1) Screening of Treatment Data 1-36
(2) Comparison of Treatment Data 1-37
(3) Quality Assurance/Quality Control.. 1-38
1.2.7 BDAT Treatment Standards for "Derived
From" and "Mixed" Wastes 1-40
(1) Wastes From Treatment Trains
Generating Multiple Residues 1-40
(2) Mixtures and Other Derived From
Residues 1-41
(3) Residues from Managing Listed
Wastes or that Contain Listed
Wastes 1-43
1.2.8 Transfer of Treatment Standards 1-44
1.3 Variance from the BDAT Treatment Standard 1-46
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section
2.0 INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION 2-1
2.1 Industry Affected and Process Description 2-2
2.1.1 Generation of K102 Waste 2-3
2.1.2 Generation of K101 Waste 2-6
2.2 Waste Characterization 2-6
2.3 Determination of Waste Treatability Group 2-7
3.0 APPLICABLE/DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 3-1
3.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies 3-2
3.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies 3-3
3.3 Detailed Description of Treatment Technologies.. 3-4
3.3.1 Incineration 3-4
3.3.2 Stabilization of Metals 3-39
3.3.3 Chemical Precipitation 3-48
4.0 IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AND AVAILABLE
TECHNOLOGY 4-1
4.1 Review of Performance Data 4-2
4.1.1 Nonwastewaters 4-2
4 .1.. 2 Wastewaters 4-4
4.2 Accuracy Correction of Performance Data 4-4
4.3 Statistical Comparison of Performance Data 4-6
4.4 BOAT for K101/K102 Wastes 4-7
5.0 SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS 5-1
5.1 BOAT List Constituents Detected in the Untreated
and Treated Waste 5-2
5.2 Constituents Detected in Untreated Waste But Not
Considered for Regulation 5-19
5.3 Constituents Selected for Regulation 5-20
5.3.1 Nonwastewaters 5-24
5.3.2 Wastewaters 5-27
6.0 CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS 6-1
6.1 Editing the Data 6-2
6.1.1 Nonwastewaters 6-2
6.1.2 Wastewaters 6-2
6.2 Correcting the Remaining Data 6-3
6.3 Calculating Variability Factors 6-4
6.4 Calculating the Treatment Standards 6-8
6.4.1 Nonwastewaters 6-8
6.4.2 Wastewaters 6-10
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section Page
7.0 REFERENCES 7-1
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A Statistical Analysis A-l
APPENDIX B Analytical QA/QC B-l
APPENDIX C Detection Limits for K101 and K102 C-l
APPENDIX D Treatment Standard Calculation D-l
APPENDIX E Thermal Conductivity Summary E-l
APPENDIX F Continuous Emission Monitoring Report and
Strip Charts for Engineering Site Visit F-l
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1-1 BOAT CONSTITUENT LIST 1-21
2-1 MAJOR CONSTITUENTS COMPOSITION FOR K101 AND K102
WASTE 2-8
2-2 BOAT CONSTITUENT ANALYSIS AND OTHER DATA FOR WASTE
CODES K101 AND K102 2-9
3-1 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF K101 BY INCINERATION - SAMPLE SET #1 3-28
3-2 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF K101 BY INCINERATION - SAMPLE SET #2 3-29
3-3 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF K101 BY INCINERATION - SAMPLE SET #3 3-30
3-4 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF K101 BY INCINERATION - SAMPLE SET #4 3-31
3-5 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR TREATMENT OF K101 BY
INCINERATION - SAMPLE SETS 2A, 2B, AND 1 3-32
3-6 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF K102 BY INCINERATION - SAMPLE SET #1 3-33
3-7 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF K102 BY INCINERATION - SAMPLE SET #2 3-34
3-8 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF K102 BY INCINERATION - SAMPLE SET #3 3-35
3-9 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF K102 BY INCINERATION - SAMPLE SET #4 3-36
3-10 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF K102 BY INCINERATION - SAMPLE SET #5 3-37
3-11 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF K102 BY INCINERATION - SAMPLE SET #6 3-38
3-12 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED K101 KILN ASH -
SAMPLE SETS 2A, 2B, AND 1 3-49
3-13 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED K102 - SAMPLE SETS
1, 2, 3, AND 4 3-50
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table Page
3-14 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED FOO6 WASTE 3-51
3-15 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR TREATED F006 WASTE 3-53
3-16 CEMENT KILN DUST COMPOSITION DATA 3-54
3-17 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED K101 SCRUBBER
WATER 3-69
3-18 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED K102 SCRUBBER
WATER 3-70
3-19 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF D004 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION - SAMPLE SET #1 .. 3-71
3-20 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF D004 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION - SAMPLE SET #2 .. 3-73
3-21 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF DO04 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION - SAMPLE SET #3 .. 3-75
3-22 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF D004. BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION - SAMPLE SET #4 .. 3-77
3-23 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT
OF D004 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION - SAMPLE SET #5 .. 3-79
5-1 BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS IN UNTREATED AND TREATED
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
BOAT LIST CONSTITUENTS IN UNTREATED AND TREATED
K102 WASTE . ,
CONSTITUENTS
CONSTITUENTS
CONSTITUENTS
K101/K102 . . .
CONSIDERED FOR REGULATION IN K101
CONSIDERED FOR REGULATION IN K102
SELECTED FOR REGULATION IN
5-11
5-21
5-22
5-23
6-1 REGULATED CONSTITUENTS AND CALCULATED TREATMENT
STANDARDS FOR ORGANICS IN K101 AND K102
NONWASTEWATERS 6-5
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table Page
6-2 REGULATED CONSTITUENTS AND CALCULATED TREATMENT
STANDARDS FOR INORGANICS IN K101 AND K102
NONWASTEWATERS 6-6
6-3 REGULATED CONSTITUENTS AND CALCULATED TREATMENT
STANDARDS FOR K101 AND K102 WASTEWATERS 6-7
7-1 BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K101/K102
NONWASTEWATERS 7-2
7-2 BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K101/K102 WASTEWATERS.. 7-2
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
2-1 GENERATION OF K102 FROM 3-NITRO 4-HYDROXYPHENYLARSONIC
2-2
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-7
GENERATION OF K084 AND K101 FROM THE TREATMENT OF
DO 04 WASTES
LIQUID INJECTION INCINERATOR
ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
FLUIDIZED BED INCINERATOR
FIXED HEARTH INCINERATOR
CONTINUOUS CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
CIRCULAR CLARIFIERS
INCLINED PLANE SETTLER
2-5
3-9
3-10
3-12
3-13
3-57
3-60
3-61
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
BDAT Treatment Standards for K101 and K102
Pursuant to the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA)
enacted on November 8, 1984, and in accordance with the
procedures for establishing treatment standards under section
3004 (m) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA),
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing treatment
standards for the listed wastes, K101 and K102, based on the
performance of treatment technologies determined by the Agency to
represent Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT). This
background document provides the detailed analyses that support
i
.this determination.
These BDAT treatment standards represent instantaneous
maximum acceptable concentration levels for selected hazardous
constituents in the wastes or residuals from treatment and/or
recycling. These levels are established as a prerequisite for
disposal of these wastes in units designated as land disposal
units according to 40 CFR Part 268 (Code of Federal Regulations).
Wastes which, as generated, contain the regulated constituents at
concentrations which do not exceed the treatment standards are
not restricted from land disposal units. The Agency has chosen
to set levels for these wastes rather than designating the use of
a specific treatment technology. The Agency believes that this
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allows the generators of these wastes a greater degree of
flexibility in selecting a technology or train of technologies
that can achieve these standards. These standards become
effective as of August 8, 1988, as described in the schedule set
forth in 40 CFR 268.10.
According to 40 CFR 261.32 (hazardous wastes from specific
sources) waste codes K101 and K102 are from the veterinary
pharmaceutical industry and are listed as follows:
K101: Distillation tar residues from the distillation of
aniline-based compounds in the production of
veterinary Pharmaceuticals from arsenic or organo-
arsenic compounds.
K102: Residue from the use of activated carbon for
'decolorization in the production of veterinary
Pharmaceuticals from arsenic .or organo-arsenic
. compounds.
Descriptions of the industry and specific processes
generating these wastes, as well as descriptions of the physical
and chemical waste characteristics, are provided in Section 2 of
this document. The four digit Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) code most often reported for the industry generating this
waste code is 2834 (veterinary pharmaceutical). The Agency
estimates that there are two facilities that may potentially
generate wastes identified as K101 and K102.
The Agency has determined that K101 and K102 collectively
represent one general waste treatability group with two subgroups
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- wastewaters and nonwastewaters. For the purpose of
applicability, wastewaters are defined as wastes containing less
than 1% (weight basis) filterable solids and less than 1% (weight
basis) total organic carbon (TOC). Wastes not meeting this
definition must comply with treatment standards for
nonwastewaters.
These two treatability subgroups represent classes of wastes
that have similar physical and chemical properties within the
treatability group. EPA believes that each waste within these
groups can be treated to the same concentrations when similar
technologies are applied. The Agency has examined the sources of
these two wastes from the veterinary pharmaceutical industry, the
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that incineration represents BOAT for organics in this waste.
Residues from treatment by incineration include ash and scrubber
waters, both of which contain BOAT list metals. The scrubber
waters are classified as K101/K102 wastewaters and are generated
primarily as a result of the "derived from" rule and "mixture
rule" as outlined in 40 CFR 261.3 (definition of hazardous
waste). Chemical precipitation was determined to be BOAT for the
metals present in the wastewaters. The residuals generated from
chemical precipitation are an inorganic form of the K101 and K102
nonwastewaters. Kiln ash from incineration of K101 and K102 is
also as an inorganic nonwastewater form of K101 and K102. Metals
stabilization was determined to be BOAT for K101 and K102
inorganic forms of nonwastewaters. A discussion on the selection
of best demonstrated applicable treatment (BOAT) technology is
provided in Section 4 of this document.
Nonwastewaters
For nonwastewaters, one (1) organic constituent and nine (9)
metal constituents are proposed for regulation in both K101 and
K102. The one organic constituent in K101 being proposed is 2-
nitroaniline.-1- The one organic constituent proposed for
1. This constituent is not on the list of constituents in the
GENERIC QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN FOR LAND DISPOSAL
RESTRICTIONS PROGRAM ("BOAT"), EPA/530-SW-87-011, March
1987. It is a groundwater monitoring constituent as listed
in Appendix IX, 40 CFR Part 264, 51 FR 26639, July 24, 1986.
IV
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regulation in K102 is 2-nitrophenol.1 These two organic
constituents are'not on the BOAT list of constituents. However,
the Agency considers these two constituents to be indicators of
complete incineration of organic constituents in either K101 or
K102 waste.
The Agency collected performance data for treatment of
listed waste codes, K101 and K102, by rotary kiln incineration.
The Agency has determined that the performance data for rotary
kiln incineration indicate significant treatment of the BOAT list
organic constituents in waste codes K101 and K102.
For both K101 and K102 nonwastewaters the following nine
i
BOAT list metal constituent are proposed for regulation:
antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead,
nickel, and zinc. The Agency is deferring the antimony, arsenic
and barium treatment standards until a later date. The nine
listed metals are proposed for regulation in the "derived from"
forms of K101 and K102 nonwastewaters. These "derived from"
forms are the ash generated from incineration, and metals
precipitated from wastewater treatment. BOAT treatment standards
for these nonwastewaters are proposed based on metals
stabilization. No testing was performed on representative
samples of K101 and K102. Therefore, metals stabilization
performance data was transferred from EPA hazardous waste number,
F006 based on waste characteristics affecting performance.
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Wastewaters
For K101 and K102 wastewaters, one (1) organic constituent
and five (5) BDAT list metal constituents are being proposed for
regulation in K101 and K102. The one organic constituent in K101
being proposed is 2-nitroaniline. The one organic constituent
proposed for regulation for K102 is 2-nitrophenol. The proposed
metal constituents are antimony, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and
mercury. A detailed discussion of the selection of constituents
to be regulated is presented in Section 5 of this document.
BDAT treatment standards for wastewater forms of K101 and
K102 are proposed based on performance data from a treatment
system consisting of chemical precipitation and metals
stabilization of the resulting residuals. No testing was
performed on representative samples of K101 and K102. Therefore,
chemical precipitation treatment data was transferred from
characteristic waste, D004, also produced by this industry. A
detailed discussion of the transfer of data is presented in
Section 6 of this document.
The following tables list the specific BDAT treatment
standards for wastes identified as K101 and K102. The Agency is
setting standards for K101 and K102 on two types of analyses.
For organic and inorganic (other than metal) constituents, the
Agency is basing standards on analysis of total constituent
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concentrations. For metal constituents the Agency is basing
standards on analysis of leachate. The leachate is obtained from
the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) found in
Appendix I of 40 CFR Part 268. The units for total constituent
concentration are in parts per million (ppm) on a weight by
weight (mg/kg) basis for nonwastewater and in parts per million
(ppm) on a weight by volume (mg/1) basis for wastewater. The
units for leachate are in parts per million (ppm) on a weight by
volume (mg/1) basis.
VII
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BOAT TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR K101/K102 WASTES
WASTEWATER
Regulated Constituents
K101 K102
Total Composition (ma/1)
2-Nitroaniline
2 -Nitrophenol
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Lead
Mercury
0.266
NR
TCLP
**
2.036
0.238
0.110
0.027
NR
0.028
(mcf/1)
**
2.036
0.238
0.110
0.027
NONWASTEWATER
Regulated Constituents
Total Concentration fma/ka)
K101
2-Nitroaniline
2 -Nitrophenol
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
14.000
NR
TCLP
**
**
**
0.066
3.8
0.71
0.53
0.31
0.086
NR
13.328
(mcr/1)
**
**
**
0.066
3.8
0.71
0.53
0.31
0.086
** - Deferred for proposed regulation until later date.
NR = Not regulated since it is not present at treatable levels.
Vlll
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1. INTRODUCTION
This section of the background document presents a summary
of the legal authority pursuant to which the BOAT treatment
standards were developed, a summary of EPA's promulgated
methodology for developing BOAT, and finally a discussion of the
petition process that should be followed to request a variance
from the BOAT treatment standards.
1.1 Legal Background
1.1.1 Requirements Under HSWA
The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 (HSWA),
which were enacted on November 8, 1984, and which amended the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA), impose
substantial new responsibilities on those who handle hazardous
waste. In particular, the amendments require the Agency to
promulgate regulations that restrict the land disposal of
untreated hazardous wastes. In its enactment of HSWA, Congress
stated explicitly that "reliance on land disposal should be
minimized or eliminated, and land disposal, particularly landfill
and surface impoundment, should be the least favored method for
managing hazardous wastes" (RCRA section 1002(b)(7), 42 U.S.C.
6901(b)(7)).
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One part of the amendments specifies dates on which
particular groups of untreated hazardous wastes will be
prohibited from land disposal unless "it has been demonstrated to
the Administrator, to a reasonable degree of certainty, that
there will be no migration of hazardous constituents from the
disposal unit or injection zone for as long as the wastes remain
hazardous" (RCRA section 3004(d)(l), (e) (1) , (g) (5) , 42 U.S.C.
6924
For the purpose of the restrictions, HSWA defines land
disposal "to include, but not be limited to, any placement of...
hazardous waste in a landfill, surface impoundment, waste pile,
injection well, land treatment facility, salt dome formation,
salt bed formation, or underground mine or cave" (RCRA section
3004 (k), 42 U.S.C. 6924 (k) ) . Although HSWA defines land disposal
to include injection wells, such disposal of solvents, dioxins,
and certain other wastes, known as the California List wastes, is
covered on a separate schedule (RCRA section 3004 (f) (2), 42
U.S.C. 6924 (f)(2)). This schedule requires that EPA propose
land disposal restrictions for deep well injection by
August 8, 1988.
The amendments also require the Agency to set "levels or
methods of treatment, if any, which substantially diminish the
toxicity of the waste or substantially reduce the likelihood of
migration of hazardous constituents from the waste so that
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short-term and long-term threats to human health and the
environment are minimized" (RCRA section 3004(m)(l), 42 U.S.C.
6924 (m)(l)). Wastes that meet treatment standards established
by EPA are not prohibited and may be land disposed. In setting
treatment standards for listed or characteristic wastes, EPA may
establish different standards for particular wastes within a
single waste code with differing treatability characteristics.
One such characteristic is the physical form of the waste. This
frequently leads to different standards for wastewaters and
nonwastewaters.
Alternatively, EPA can establish a treatment standard that
is applicable to more than one waste code when, in EPA's
judgment, all the waste can be treated to the same concentration.
In those instances where a generator can demonstrate that the
standard promulgated for the generator's waste cannot be
achieved, the Agency also can grant a variance from a treatment
standard by revising the treatment standard for that particular
waste through rulemaking procedures. (A further discussion of
treatment variances is provided in Section 1.3.)
The land disposal restrictions are effective when
promulgated unless the Administrator grants a national variance
and establishes a different date (not to exceed 2 years beyond
the statutory deadline) based on "the earliest date on which
adequate alternative treatment, recovery, or disposal capacity
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which protects human health and the environment will be
available" (RCRA section 3004(h)(2), 42 U.S.C. 6924 (h)(2)).
If EPA fails to set a treatment standard by the statutory
deadline for any hazardous waste in the First Third or Second
Third of the schedule (see Section 1.1.2), the waste may not be
disposed in a landfill or surface impoundment unless the facility
is in compliance with the minimum technological requirements
specified in section 3004(o) of RCRA. In addition, prior to
disposal, the generator must certify to the Administrator that
the availability of treatment capacity has been investigated, and
it has been determined that disposal in a landfill or surface
impoundment is the only practical alternative to treatment
currently available to the generator. This restriction on the
use of landfills and surface impoundments applies until EPA sets
a treatment standard for the waste or until May 8, 1990,
whichever is sooner. If the Agency fails to set a treatment
standard for any ranked hazardous waste by May 8, 1990, the waste
is automatically prohibited from land disposal unless the waste
is placed in a land disposal unit that is the subject of a
successful "no migration" demonstration (RCRA section 3004(g),
42 U.S.C. 6924(g)). "No migration" demonstrations are based on
case-specific petitions that show there will be no migration of
hazardous constituents from the unit for as long as the waste
remains hazardous.
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1.1.2 Schedule for Developing Restrictions
Under section 3004(g) of RCRA, EPA was required to establish
a schedule for developing treatment standards for all wastes that
the Agency had listed as hazardous by November 8, 1984.
Section 3004(g) required that this schedule consider the
intrinsic hazards and volumes associated with each of these
wastes. The statute required EPA to set treatment standards
according to the following schedule:
1. Solvents and dioxins standards must be promulgated by
November 8, 1986;
2. The "California List" must be promulgated by July 8,
1987;
3. At least one-third of all listed hazardous wastes must
be promulgated by August 8, 1988 (First Third);
4. At least two-thirds of all listed hazardous wastes must
be promulgated by June 8, 1989 (Second Third); and
5. All remaining listed hazardous wastes and all hazardous
wastes identified as of November 8, 1984, by one or
more of the characteristics defined in 40 CFR Part 261
must be promulgated by May 8, 1990 (Third Third).
The statute specifically identified the solvent wastes as
those covered under waste codes F001, F002, F003, F004, and F005;
it identified the dioxin-containing hazardous wastes as those
covered under waste codes F020, F021, F022, and F023.
Wastes collectively known as the California List wastes,
defined under section 3004(d) of HSWA, are liquid hazardous
wastes containing metals, free cyanides, PCBs, corrosives (i.e.,
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a pH less than or equal to 2.0), and any liquid or nonliquid
hazardous waste containing halogenated organic compounds (HOCs)
above 0.1 percent by weight. Rules for the California List were
proposed on December 11, 1986, and final rules for PCBs,
corrosives, and HOC-containing wastes were established
August 12, 1987. In that rule, EPA elected not to establish
standards for metals. Therefore, the statutory limits became
effective.
On May 28, 1986, EPA published a final rule (51 FR 19300)
that delineated the specific waste codes that would be addressed
by the First Third, Second Third, and Third Third. This schedule
is incorporated into 40 CFR 268.10, .11, and .12.
1.2 Summary of Promulgated BOAT Methodology
In a November 7, 1986, rulemaking, EPA promulgated a
technology-based approach to establishing treatment standards
under section 3004(m). Section 3004(m) also specifies that
treatment standards must "minimize" long- and short-term threats
to human health and the environment arising from land disposal of
hazardous wastes.
Congress indicated in the legislative history accompanying
the HSWA that "[t]he requisite levels of [sic] methods of
treatment established by the Agency should be the best that has
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been demonstrated to be achievable," noting that the intent is
"to require utilization of available technology" and not a
"process which contemplates technology-forcing standards" (Vol.
130 Cong. Rec. S9178 (daily ed., July 25, 1984)). EPA has
interpreted this legislative history as suggesting that Congress
considered the requirement under section 3004(m) to be met by
application of the best demonstrated and achievable (i.e.,
available) technology prior to land disposal of wastes or
treatment residuals. Accordingly, EPA's treatment standards are
generally based on the performance of the best demonstrated
available technology (BOAT) identified for treatment of the
hazardous constituents. This approach involves the
identification of potential treatment systems, the determination
of whether they are demonstrated and available, and the
collection of treatment data from well-designed and well-operated
systems.
The treatment standards, according to the statute, can
represent levels or methods of treatment, if any, that
substantially diminish the toxicity of the waste or substantially
reduce the likelihood of migration of hazardous constituents.
Wherever possible, the Agency prefers to establish BOAT treatment
standards as "levels" of treatment (i.e., performance standards),
rather than adopting an approach that would require the use of
specific treatment "methods." EPA believes that
concentration-based treatment levels offer the regulated
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community greater flexibility to develop and implement compliance
strategies, as well as an incentive to develop innovative
technologies.
1.2.1 Waste Treatability Group
In developing the treatment standards, EPA first
characterizes the waste(s). As necessary, EPA may establish
treatability groups for wastes having similar physical and
chemical properties. That is, if EPA believes that wastes
represented by different waste codes could be treated to similar
concentrations using identical technologies, the Agency combines
the codes into one treatability group. EPA generally considers
wastes to be similar when they are both generated from the same
industry and from similar processing stages. In addition, EPA
may combine two or more separate wastes into the same
treatability group when data are available showing that the waste
characteristics affecting performance are similar or that one
waste would be expected to be less difficult to treat.
Once the treatability groups have been established, EPA
collects and analyzes data on identified technologies used to
treat the wastes in each treatability group. The technologies
evaluated must be demonstrated on the waste or a similar waste
and must be available for use.
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1.2.2 Demonstrated and Available Treatment Technologies
Consistent with legislative history, EPA considers
demonstrated technologies to be those that are used to treat the
waste of interest or a similar waste with regard to parameters
that affect treatment selection (see November 7, 1986, 51 FR
40588) . EPA also will consider as treatment those technologies
used to separate or otherwise process chemicals and other
materials. Some of these technologies clearly are applicable to
waste treatment, since the wastes are similar to raw materials
processed in industrial applications.
For most of the waste treatability groups for which EPA will
promulgate treatment standards, EPA will identify demonstrated
technologies either through review of literature related to
current waste treatment practices or on the basis of information
provided by specific facilities currently treating the waste or
similar wastes.
In cases where the Agency does not identify any facilities
treating wastes represented by a particular waste treatability
group, EPA may transfer a finding of demonstrated treatment. To
do this, EPA will compare the parameters affecting treatment
selection for the waste treatability group of interest to other
wastes for which demonstrated technologies already have been
determined. The parameters affecting treatment selection and
1-9
-------
their use for this waste are described in Section 3.2 of this
document. If the parameters affecting treatment selection are
similar, then the Agency will consider the treatment technology
also to be demonstrated for the waste of interest. For example,
EPA considers rotary kiln incineration to be a demonstrated
technology for many waste codes containing hazardous organic
constituents, high total organic content, and high filterable
solids content, regardless of whether any facility is currently
treating these wastes. The basis for this determination is data
found in literature and data generated by EPA confirming the use
of rotary kiln incineration on wastes having the above
characteristics.
If no commercial treatment or recovery operations are
identified for a waste or wastes with similar physical or
chemical characteristics that affect treatment selection, the
Agency will be unable to identify any demonstrated treatment
technologies for the waste, and, accordingly, the waste will be
prohibited from land disposal (unless handled in accordance with
the exemption and variance provisions of the rule). The Agency
is, however, committed to establishing treatment standards as
soon as new or improved treatment processes are demonstrated (and
available).
Operations only available at research facilities, pilot- and
bench- scale operations, will not be considered in identifying
1-10
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demonstrated treatment technologies for a waste because these
technologies would not necessarily be "demonstrated."
Nevertheless, EPA may use data generated at research facilities
in assessing the performance of demonstrated technologies.
As discussed earlier, Congress intended that technologies
used to establish treatment standards under section 3004(m) be
not only "demonstrated," but also available. To decide whether
demonstrated technologies may be considered "available," the
Agency determines whether they (1) are commercially available and
(2) substantially diminish the toxicity of the waste or
substantially reduce the likelihood of migration of hazardous
constituents from the waste.
EPA will only set treatment standards based on a technology
that meets the above criteria. Thus, the decision to classify a
technology as "unavailable" will have a direct impact on the
treatment standard. If the best technology is unavailable, the
treatment standard will be based on the next best treatment
technology determined to be available. To the extent that the
resulting treatment standards are less stringent, greater
concentrations of hazardous constituents in the treatment
residuals could be placed in land disposal units.
There also may be circumstances in which EPA concludes that
for a given waste none of the demonstrated treatment technologies
1-11
-------
are "available" for purposes of establishing the 3004(m)
treatment performance standards. Subsequently, these wastes will
be prohibited from continued placement in or on the land unless
managed in accordance with applicable exemptions and variance
provisions. The Agency is, however, committed to establishing
new treatment standards as soon as new or improved treatment
processes become "available."
(1) Proprietary or patented processes. If the demonstrated
treatment technology is a proprietary or patented process that is
not generally available, EPA will not consider the technology in
its determination of the treatment standards. EPA will consider
proprietary or patented processes available if it determines that
the treatment method can be purchased or licensed from the
proprietor or is a commercially available treatment. The
services of the commercial facility offering this technology
often can be purchased even if the technology itself cannot be
purchased.
(2) Substantial treatment. To be considered "available," a
demonstrated treatment technology must "substantially diminish
the toxicity" of the waste or "substantially reduce the
likelihood of migration of hazardous constituents" from the waste
in accordance with section 3004(m). By requiring that
substantial treatment be achieved in order to set a treatment
standard, the statute ensures that all wastes are adequately
1-12
-------
treated before being placed in or on the land and ensures that
the Agency does not require a treatment method that provides
little or no environmental benefit. Treatment will always be
deemed substantial if it results in nondetectable levels of the
hazardous constituents of concern. If nondetectable levels are
not achieved, then a determination of substantial treatment will
be made on a case-by-case basis. This approach is necessary
because of the difficulty of establishing a meaningful guideline
that can be applied broadly to the many wastes and technologies
to be considered. EPA will consider the following factors in an
effort to evaluate whether a technology provides substantial
treatment on a case-by-case basis:
o Number and types of constituents treated;
o Performance (concentration of the constituents in the
treatment residuals); and
o Percent of constituents removed.
If none of the demonstrated treatment technologies achieve
substantial treatment of a waste, the Agency cannot establish
treatment standards for the constituents of concern in that
waste.
1.2.3 Collection of Performance Data
Performance data on the demonstrated available technologies
are evaluated by the Agency to determine whether the data are
1-13
-------
representative of well-designed and well-operated treatment
systems. Only data from well-designed and well-operated systems
are included in determining BOAT. The data evaluation includes
data already collected directly by EPA and/or data provided by
industry. In those instances where additional data are needed to
supplement existing information, EPA collects additional data
through a sampling and analysis program. The principal elements
of this data collection program are: (1) identification of
facilities for site visits, (2) an engineering site visit, (3) a
Sampling and Analysis Plan, (4) a sampling visit, and (5) an
Onsite Engineering Report.
(1) Identification of facilities for site visits. To
identify facilities that generate and/or treat the waste of
concern, EPA uses a number of information sources. These include
Stanford Research Institute's Directory of Chemical Producers;
EPA's Hazardous Waste Data Management System (HWDMS); the 1986
Treatment, Storage, Disposal Facility (TSDF) National Screening
Survey; and EPA's Industry Studies Data Base. In addition, EPA
contacts trade associations to inform them that the Agency is
considering visits to facilities in their industry and to solicit
their assistance in identifying facilities for EPA to consider in
its treatment sampling program.
After identifying facilities that treat the waste, EPA uses
this hierarchy to select sites for engineering visits:
1-14
-------
(1) generators treating single wastes on site; (2) generators
treating multiple wastes together on site; (3) commercial
treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs); and (4) EPA
in-house treatment. This hierarchy is based on two concepts:
(1) to the extent possible, EPA should develop treatment
standards from data produced by treatment facilities handling
only a single waste, and (2) facilities that routinely treat a
specific waste have had the best opportunity to optimize design
parameters. Although excellent treatment can occur at many
facilities that are not high in this hierarchy, EPA has adopted
this approach to avoid, when possible, ambiguities related to the
mixing of wastes before and during treatment.
When possible, the Agency will evaluate treatment
technologies using commercially operated systems. If performance
data from properly designed and operated commercial treatment
methods for a particular waste or a waste judged to be similar
are not available, EPA may use data from research facilities
operations. Whenever research facility data are used, EPA will
explain in the preamble and background document why such data
were used and will request comments on the use of such data.
Although EPA's data bases provide information on treatment
for individual wastes, the data bases rarely provide data that
support the selection of one facility for sampling over another.
In cases where several treatment sites appear to fall into the
1-15
-------
same level of the hierarchy, EPA selects sites for visits
strictly on the basis of which facility could most expeditiously
be visited and later sampled if justified by the engineering
visit.
(2) Engineering site visit. Once a treatment facility has
been selected, an engineering site visit is made to confirm that
a candidate for sampling meets EPA's criteria for a well-designed
facility and to ensure that the necessary sampling points can be
accessed to determine operating parameters and treatment
effectiveness. During the visit, EPA also confirms that the
facility appears to be well operated, although the actual
operation of the treatment system during sampling is the basis
for EPA's decisions regarding proper operation of the treatment
unit. In general, the Agency considers a well-designed facility
to be one that contains the unit operations necessary to treat
the various hazardous constituents of the waste, as well as to
control other nonhazardous materials in the waste that may affect
treatment performance.
In addition to ensuring that a system is reasonably well
designed, the engineering visit examines whether the facility has
a way to measure the operating parameters that affect performance
of the treatment system during the waste treatment period. For
example, EPA may choose not to sample a treatment system that
operates in a continuous mode, for which an important operating
1-16
-------
parameter cannot be continuously recorded. In such systems,
instrumentation is important in determining whether the treatment
system is operating at design values during the waste treatment
period.
(3) Sampling and Analysis Plan. If after the engineering
site visit the Agency decides to sample a particular plant, the
Agency will then develop a site-specific Sampling and Analysis
Plan (SAP) according to the Generic Quality Assurance Project
Plan for the Land Disposal Restriction Program ("BOAT"),
EPA/53O-SW-87-011. In brief, the SAP discusses where the Agency
plans to sample, how the samples will be taken, the frequency of
sampling, the constituents to be analyzed and the method of
analysis, operational parameters to be obtained, and specific
laboratory quality control checks on the analytical results.
The Agency will generally produce a draft of the
site-specific Sampling and Analysis Plan within 2 to 3 weeks of
the engineering visit. The draft of the SAP is then sent to the
plant for review and comment. With few exceptions, the draft SAP
should be a confirmation of data collection activities discussed
with the plant personnel during the engineering site visit. EPA
encourages plant personnel to recommend any modifications to the
SAP that they believe will improve the quality of the data.
1-17
-------
It is important to note that sampling of a plant by EPA does
not mean that the data will be used in the development of
treatment standards for BDAT. EPA's final decision on whether to
use data from a sampled plant depends on the actual analysis of
the waste being treated and on the operating conditions at the
time of sampling. Although EPA would not plan to sample a
facility that was not ostensibly well designed and well operated,
there is no way to ensure that at the time of the sampling the
facility will not experience operating problems. Additionally,
EPA statistically compares its test data to suitable
industry-provided data, where available, in its determination of
what data to use in developing treatment standards. The
methodology for comparing data is presented later in this
section.
(Note: Facilities wishing to submit data for consideration
in the development of BDAT standards should, to the extent
possible, provide sampling information similar to that acquired
by EPA. Such facilities should review the Generic Quality
Assurance Project Plan for the Land Disposal Restriction Program
("BDAT"), which delineates all of the quality control and quality
assurance measures associated with sampling and analysis.
(Quality assurance and quality control procedures are summarized
in Section 1.2.6 of this document.)
1-18
-------
(4) Sampling visit. The purpose of the sampling visit is
to collect samples that characterize the performance of the
treatment system and to document the operating conditions that
existed during the waste treatment period. At a minimum, the
Agency attempts to collect sufficient samples of the untreated
waste and solid and liquid treatment residuals so that
variability in the treatment process can be accounted for in the
development of the treatment standards. To the extent
practicable, and within safety constraints, EPA or its
contractors collect all samples and ensure that chain-of-custody
procedures are conducted so that the integrity of the data is
maintained.
In general, the samples collected during the sampling visit
will have already been specified in the SAP. In some instances,
however, EPA will not be able to collect all planned samples
because of changes in the facility operation or plant upsets; EPA
will explain any such deviations from the SAP in its follow-up
Onsite Engineering Report.
(5) Onsite Engineering Report. EPA summarizes all its data
collection activities and associated analytical results for
testing at a facility in a report referred to as the Onsite
Engineering Report (OER). This report characterizes the waste(s)
treated, the treated residual concentrations, the design and
operating data, and all analytical results including methods used
1-19
-------
and accuracy results. This report also describes any deviations
from EPA's suggested analytical methods for hazardous wastes (see
Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste. SW-846, Third Edition,
November 1986).
After the Onsite Engineering Report is completed, the report
is submitted to the plant for review. This review provides the
plant with a final opportunity to claim any information contained
in the report as confidential. Following the review and
incorporation of comments, as appropriate, the report is made
available to the public with the exception of any material
claimed as confidential by the plant.
1.2.4 Hazardous Constituents Considered and Selected for
Regulation
(1) Development of BOAT list. The list of hazardous
constituents within the waste codes that are targeted for
treatment is referred to by the Agency as the BOAT constituent
list. This list, provided as Table 1-1, is derived from the
constituents presented in 40 CFR Part 261, Appendices VII and
VIII, as well as several ignitable constituents used as the basis
of listing wastes as F003 and F005. These sources provide a
comprehensive list of hazardous constituents specifically
regulated under RCRA. The BOAT list consists of those
constituents that can be analyzed using methods published in
SW-846, Third Edition.
1-20
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TABLE 1-1 BOAT Constituent List
BOAT
reference
no.
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
Parameter ^
Volatiles
Acetone
Acetonitri le
Acrolein
Acrylonitri te
Benzene
Bromodichloromethane
Bromomethane
n-Butyl alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2- Ch I oro- 1,3 -butadiene
Ch lorodi bromomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Chloroform
Chloromethane
3- Chi oropropene
1 ,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
1 ,2-Dibromoethane
Di bromomethane
trans-1 ,4-Dichloro-2-butene
Dichlorodif luoromethane
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Oichloroethane
1 , 1 -0 i ch loroethy I ene
trans-1 ,2-Oichloroethene
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
trans- 1, 3-D ich I oropropene
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
1,4-Dioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl cyanide
Ethyl ether
Ethyl methacrylate
ethylene oxide
lodomethane
CAS No.
67-64-1
75-05-8
107-02-8
107-13-1
71-43-2
75-27-4
74-83-9
71-36-3
56-23-5
75-15-0
108-90-7
126-99-8
124-48-1
75-00-3
110-75-8
67-66-3
74-87-3
107-05-1
96-12-8
106-93-4
74-95-3
110-57-6
75-71-8
75-35-3
107-06-2
75-35-4
156-60-5
78-87-5
10061-02-6
10061-01-5
123-91-1
110-80-5
141-78-6
100-41-4
107-12-0
60-29-7
97-63-2
75-21-8
74-88-4
Continued
1-21
-------
TABLE 1-1 (Continued)
BOAT
reference
no.
33
228
34
229
35
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
231
50
215
216
217
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
218
60
61
62
Parameter
Volatiles (cent.)
Isobutyl alcohol
Methanol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl methacrylate
Methylacrylonitrile
Methylene chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
1,1, 1 ,2-Tetrach loroethane
1 , 1 ,2, 2-Tetrach loroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
Tribromomethane
1,1, 1 -Trich loroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
T r i ch loromonof 1 uromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
Vinyl chloride
1,2-Xylene
1,3-Xylene
1,4-Xylene
Semivolatiles
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acety I ami nof luorene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Aniline
Anthracene
Aramite
Benz ( a ) ant h racene
Benzal chloride
Benzenethiol
Benz i dine
Benzo(a)pyrene
CAS No.
78-83-1
67-56-1
78-93-3
108-10-1
80-62-6
126-98-7
75-09-2
79-46-9
110-86-1
630-20-6
79-34-5
127-18-4
108-88-3
75-25-2
71-55-6
79-00-5
79-01-6
75-69-4
96-18-4
76-13-1
75-01-4
97-47-6
108-38-3
106-44-5
208-96-8
83-32-9
96-86-2
53-96-3
92-67-1
62-53-3
120-12-7
140-57-8
56-55-3
98-87-3
108-98-6
92-87-5
50-32-8
Cont i nued
1-22
-------
TABLE 1-1 (Continued)
BOAT
reference
no.
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Parameter
Semivotatiles (cont.)
Benzo(b)f luoranthene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Benzo( k) f I uoranthene
p-Benzoquinone
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
Bi s(2-ch loroethyl )ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropy)ether
Bis(2-ethylhexy)phthalate
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Butyl benzyl phthlate
2-sec-Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
p-Chloroani tine
Chlorobenzilate
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
3-Chloropropionitri le
Chrysene
ortho-Cresol
para-Cresol
Cyclohexanone
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
D ibenzoC a, e)pyrene
DibenzoCa, i )pyrene
m-D i ch I orobenzene
o-D i ch I orobenzene
p-D i ch I orobenzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
Diethyl phthalate
3,3' -Dimethyoxlbenzidine
p-0 i methyl ami noazobenzene
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
1 ,4-Dinitrobenzene
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
CAS No.
205-99-2
191-24-2
207-08-9
106-51-4
111-91-1
111-44-4
39638-32-9
117-81-7
101-55-3
85-68-7
88-85-7
106-47-8
510-15-6
59-50-7
91-58-7
95-57-8
54-27-67
218-01-9
95-48-7
106-44-5
108-94-1
53-70-3
192-65-4
189-55-9
541-73-1
95-50-1
106-46-7
91-94-1
120-83-2
87-65-0
84-66-2
119-90-4
60-11-7
119-93-7
105-67-9
131-11-3
84-74-2
100-25-4
534-52-1
51-28-5
Continued
1-23
-------
TABLE 1-1 (Continued)
BOAT
reference
no.
102
103
104
105
106
219
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
36
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
Parameter
Semivoiatiles (cont.)
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Di-n-propylnitrosamine
Diphenylamine
Diphenylnitrosamine
1,2-Oiphenylhydrazine
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Hexach I orobenzene
Hexach lorobutadi ene
Hexach I orocyc I opentad i ene
Hexach I oroethane
Hexach I orophene
Hexach I oropropene
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
Isosafrole
Methapyri lene
3-Hethycholanthrene
4,4' -Methylenebis(2-chloroani 1 ine)
Methyl methanesulfonate
Napthatene
1,4-Naphthoquinone
1-Napthylanine
2-Napthylamine
p-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
4-Nitrophenol
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
N - N i t rosomorpho I i ne
N-Nitrosopiperidine
n-Nitrosopyrrolidine
2-Methyl-5-nitroani tine
Pentach I orobenzene
Pentach loroethane
Pentach I oroni t robenzene
CAS No.
121-14-2
606-20-2
117-84-0
621-64-7
122-39-4
86-30-6
122-66-7
206-44-0
86-73-7
118-74-1
87-68-3
77-47-4
67-72-1
70-30-4
1888-71-7
193-39-5
120-58-1
91-80-5
56-49-5
101-14-4
66-27-3
91-20-3
130-15-4
134-32-7
91-59-8
100-01-6
98-95-3
100-02-7
924-16-3
55-18-5
62-75-9
10595-95-6
59-89-2
100-75-4
930-55-2
99-55-5
608-93-5
76-01-7
82-68-8
Cont i nued
1-24
-------
TABLE 1-1 (Continued)
BOAT
reference
no.
139
140
141
142
220
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
221
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
Parameter
Semivolati les (cont.)
Pentachlorophenol
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phthalic anhydride
2-Picoline
Pronamide
Pyrene
Resorcinol
Safrole
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Chromium (hexavalent)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Si tver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Inorganics
Cyanide
Fluoride
Sulfide
CAS No.
87-86-5
62-44-2
85-01-8
108-85-2
85-44-9
109-06-8
23950-58-5
129-00-0
108-46-3
94-59-7
95-94-3
58-90-2
120-82-1
95-95-4
88-06-2
126-72-7
7440-36-0
7440-38-2
7440-39-3
7440-41-7
7440-47-9
7440-50-3
-
7440-50-8
7439-92-1
7439-97-6
7440-02-0
7782-49-2
7440-22-4
7440-28-0
7440-62-2
7440-66-6
57-12-5
16964-48-8
8496-25-8
Continued
1-25
-------
TABLE 1-1 (Continued)
BOAT
reference
no.
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
Parameter
Organochlorine Pesticides
Atdrin
alpha-BHC
beta-BHC
delta-BHC
gamma-BHC
Chlordane
ODD
DDE
DDT
Dieldcin
Endosulfan I
Endosulfan 11
Endrin
Endrin aldehyde
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
Isodrin
Kepone
Mehoxychlor
Toxaphene
Phenoxvacetic Acid Herbicides
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Silvex
2,4,5-T
Organophosphorous Insecticides
Disulfoton
Famphur
Methyl para th ion
Parathion
Phorate
PCBs
Aroclor 1016
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
CAS No.
309-00-2
319-84-6
319-85-7
319-86-8
58-89-9
57-74-9
72-54-8
72-55-9
50-29-3
60-57-1
939-98-8
33213-6-5
72-20-8
7421-93-4
76-44-8
1024-57-3
465-73-6
143-50-0
72-43-5
8001-35-2
94-75-7
93-72-1
93-76-5
298-04-4
52-85-7
298-00-0
56-38-2
298-02-2
12674-11-2
11104-28-2
11141-16-5
Cent i nued
1-26
-------
TABLE 1-1 (Continued)
BOAT
reference Parameter CAS No.
no.
PCBs (cont.)
203 Aroclor 1242 53469-21-9
204 Aroclor 1248 12672-29-6
205 Aroclor 1254 11097-69-1
206 Aroclor 1260 11096-82-5
Pi oxins and Furans
207 Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
208 Hexachlorodibenzofuran
209 Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
210 Pentachlorodibenzofuran
211 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
212 Tetrachlorodibenzofuran
213 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1746-01-6
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The initial BOAT constituent list was published in EPA's
Generic Quality Assurance Project Plan, March 1987
(EPA/530-SW-87-011). Additional constituents will be added to
the BOAT constituent list as more key constituents are identified
for specific waste codes or as new analytical methods are
developed for hazardous constituents. For example, since the
list was published in March 1987, 18 additional constituents
(hexavalent chromium, xylene (all three isomers), benzal
chloride, phthalic anhydride, ethylene oxide, acetone, n-butyl
alcohol, 2-ethoxyethanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzene, ethyl
ether, methanol, methyl isobutyl ketone, 2-nitropropane,
1,1,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane, and cyclohexanone) have
been added to the list.
Chemicals are listed in Appendix VIII if they are shown in
scientific studies to have toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or
teratogenic effects on humans or other life-forms, and they
include such substances as those identified by the Agency's
Carcinogen Assessment Group as being carcinogenic. Including a
constituent in Appendix VIII means that the constituent can be
cited as a basis for listing toxic wastes.
Although Appendix VII, Appendix VIII, and the F003 and F005
ignitables provide a comprehensive list of RCRA-regulated
hazardous constituents, not all of the constituents can be
analyzed in a complex waste matrix. Therefore, constituents that
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could not be readily analyzed in an unknown waste matrix were not
included on the initial BOAT list. As mentioned above, however,
the BOAT constituent list is a continuously growing list that
does not preclude the addition of new constituents when
analytical methods are developed.
There are five major reasons that constituents were not
included on the BOAT constituent list:
1. Constituents are unstable. Based on their chemical
structure, some constituents will either decompose in
water or will ionize. For example, maleic anhydride
will form maleic acid when it comes in contact with
water and copper cyanide will ionize to form copper and
cyanide ions. However, EPA may choose to regulate the
decomposition or ionization products.
2. EPA-approved or verified analytical methods are not
available. Many constituents, such as
1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, are not measured adequately or
even detected using any of EPA's analytical methods
published in SW-846 Third Edition.
3. The constituent is a member of a chemical group
designated in Appendix VIII as not otherwise specified
(N.O.S.). Constituents listed as N.O.S., such as
chlorinated phenols, are a generic group of some types
of chemicals for which a single analytical procedure is
not available. The individual members of each such
group need to be listed to determine whether the
constituents can be analyzed. For each N.O.S. group,
all those constituents that can be readily analyzed are
included in the BOAT constituent list.
4. Available analytical procedures are not appropriate for
a complex waste matrix. Some compounds, such as
auramine, can be analyzed as a pure constituent.
However, in the presence of other constituents, the
recommended analytical method does not positively
identify the constituent. The use of high pressure
liquid chromatography (HPLC) presupposes a high
expectation of finding the specific constituents of
interest. In using this procedure to screen samples,
protocols would have to be developed on a case-specific
basis to verify the identity of constituents present in
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the samples. Therefore, HPLC is not an appropriate
analytical procedure for complex samples containing
unknown constituents.
5. Standards for analytical instrument calibration are not
commercially available. For several constituents, such
as benz(c)acridine, commercially available standards of
a "reasonably" pure grade are not available. The
unavailability of a standard was determined by a review
of catalogs from specialty chemical manufacturers.
Two constituents (fluoride and sulfide) are not specifically
included in Appendices VII and VIII; however, these compounds are
included on the BOAT list as indicator constituents for compounds
from Appendices VII and VIII such as hydrogen fluoride and
hydrogen sulfide, which ionize in water.
The BOAT constituent list presented in Table 1-1 is divided
into the following nine groups:
o Volatile organics;
o Semivolatile organics;
o Metals;
o Other inorganics;
o Organochlorine pesticides;
o Phenoxyacetic acid herbicides;
o Organophosphorous insecticides;
o PCBs; and
o Dioxins and furans.
The constituents were placed in these categories based on
their chemical properties. The constituents in each group are
expected to behave similarly during treatment and are also
analyzed, with the exception of the metals and inorganics, by
using the same analytical methods.
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(2) Constituent selection analysis. The constituents that
the Agency selects for regulation in each treatability group are,
in general, those found in the untreated wastes at treatable
concentrations. For certain waste codes, the target list for the
untreated waste may have been shortened (relative to analyses
performed to test treatment technologies) because of the extreme
unlikelihood that the constituent will be present.
In selecting constituents for regulation, the first step is
to summarize all the constituents that were found in the
untreated waste at treatable concentrations. This process
involves the use of the statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA)
test, described in Section 1.2.6, to determine if constituent
reductions were significant. The Agency interprets a significant
reduction in concentration as evidence that the technology
actually "treats" the waste.
There are some instances where EPA may regulate constituents
that are not found in the untreated waste but are detected in the
treated residual. This is generally the case where presence of
the constituents in the untreated waste interferes with the
quantification of the constituent of concern. In such instances,
the detection levels of the constituent are relatively high,
resulting in a finding of "not detected" when, in fact, the
constituent is present in the waste.
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After determining which of the constituents in the untreated
waste are present at treatable concentrations, EPA develops a
list of potential constituents for regulation. The Agency then
reviews this list to determine if any of these constituents can
be excluded from regulation because they would be controlled by
regulation of other constituents in the list.
EPA performs this indicator analysis for two reasons: (1) it
reduces the analytical cost burdens on the treater and (2) it
facilitates implementation of the compliance and enforcement
program. EPA's rationale for selection of regulated constituents
for this waste code is presented in Section 5 of this background
document.
(3) Calculation of standards. The final step in the
calculation of the BDAT treatment standard is the multiplication
of the average treatment value by a factor referred to by the
Agency as the variability factor. This calculation takes into
account that even well-designed and well-operated treatment
systems will experience some fluctuations in performance. EPA
expects that fluctuations will result from inherent mechanical
limitations in treatment control systems, collection of treated
samples, and analysis of these samples. All of the above
fluctuations can be expected to occur at well-designed and
well-operated treatment facilities. Therefore, setting treatment
standards utilizing a variability factor should be viewed not as
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a relaxing of section 3004(m) requirements, but rather as a
function of the normal variability of the treatment processes. A
treatment facility will have to be designed to meet the mean
achievable treatment performance level to ensure that the
performance levels remain within the limits of the treatment
standard.
The Agency calculates a variability factor for each
constituent of concern within a waste treatability group using
the statistical calculation presented in Appendix A. The
equation for calculating the variability factor is the same as
that used by EPA for the development of numerous regulations in
the Effluent Guidelines Program under the Clean Water Act. The
variability factor establishes the instantaneous maximum based on
the 99th percentile value.
There is an additional step in the calculation of the
treatment standards in those instances where the ANOVA analysis
shows that more than one technology achieves a level of
performance that represents BOAT. In such instances, the BOAT
treatment standard is calculated by first averaging the mean
performance value for each technology for each constituent of
concern and then multiplying that value by the highest
variability factor among the technologies considered. This
procedure ensures that all the BOAT technologies used as the
basis for the standards will achieve full compliance.
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1.2.5 Compliance with Performance Standards
All the treatment standards reflect performance achieved by
the best demonstrated available technology (BDAT). As such,
compliance with these standards requires only that the treatment
level be achieved prior to land disposal. It does not require
the use of any particular treatment technology. While dilution
of the waste as a means to comply with the standard is
prohibited, wastes that are generated in such a way as to
naturally meet the standard can be land disposed without
treatment. With the exception of treatment standards that
prohibit land disposal, all treatment standards proposed are
expressed as a concentration level.
EPA has used both total constituent concentration and TCLP
analyses of the treated waste as a measure of technology
performance. EPA's rationale for when each of these analytical
tests is used is explained in the following discussion.
For all organic constituents, EPA is basing the treatment
standards on the total constituent concentration found in the
treated waste. EPA based its decision on the fact that
technologies exist to destroy the various organics compounds.
Accordingly, the best measure of performance would be the extent
to which the various organic compounds have been destroyed or the
total amount of constituent remaining after treatment. (NOTE:
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EPA's land disposal restrictions for solvent waste codes
F001-F005 (51 FR 40572) use the TCLP value as a measure of
performance. At the time that EPA promulgated the treatment
standards for F001-F005, useful data were not available on total
constituent concentrations in treated residuals and, as a result,
the TCLP data were considered to be the best measure of
performance.)
For all metal constituents, EPA is using both total
constituent concentration and/or the TCLP as the basis for
treatment standards. The total constituent concentration is
being used when the technology basis includes a metal recovery
operation. The underlying principle of metal recovery is the
reduction of the amount of metal in a waste by separating the
metal for recovery; therefore, total constituent concentration in
the treated residual is an important measure of performance for
this technology. Additionally, EPA also believes that it is
important that any remaining metal in a treated residual waste
not be in a state that is easily leachable; accordingly, EPA is
also using the TCLP as a measure of performance. It is important
to note that for wastes for which treatment standards are based
on a metal recovery process, the facility has to comply with both
the total constituent concentration and the TCLP prior to land
disposal.
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In cases where treatment standards for metals are not based
on recovery techniques but rather on stabilization, EPA is using
only the TCLP as a measure of performance. The Agency's
rationale is that stabilization is not meant to reduce the
concentration of metal in a waste but only to chemically minimize
the ability of the metal to leach.
1.2.6 Identification of BDAT
(1) Screening of treatment data. This section explains how
the Agency determines which of the treatment technologies
represent treatment by BDAT. The first activity is to screen the
treatment performance data from each of the demonstrated and
available technologies according to the following criteria:
1. Design and operating data associated with the treatment
data must reflect a well-designed, well-operated system
for each treatment data point. (The specific design
and operating parameters for each demonstrated
technology for this waste code are discussed in Section
3.2 of this document.)
2. Sufficient QA/QC data must be available to determine
the true values of the data from the treated waste.
This screening criterion involves adjustment of treated
data to take into account that the type value may be
different from the measured value. This discrepancy
generally is caused by other constituents in the waste
that can mask results or otherwise interfere with the
analysis of the constituent of concern.
3. The measure of performance must be consistent with
EPA's approach to evaluating treatment by type of
constituents (e.g., total concentration data for
organics, and total concentration and TCLP for metals
in the leachate from the residual).
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In the absence of data needed to perform the screening
analysis, EPA will make decisions on a case-by-case basis as to
whether to include the data. The factors included in this
case-by-case analysis will be the actual treatment levels
achieved, the availability of the treatment data and their
completeness (with respect to the above criteria), and EPA's
assessment of whether the untreated waste represents the waste
code of concern. EPA's application of these screening criteria
for this waste code is provided in Section 4 of this background
document.
(2) Comparison of treatment data. In cases in which EPA
has treatment data from more than one technology following the
screening activity, EPA uses the statistical method known as
analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine if one technology
performs significantly better than the others. This statistical
method (summarized in Appendix A) provides a measure of the
differences between two data sets. If EPA finds that one
technology performs significantly better (i.e., the data sets are
not homogeneous), BOAT treatment standards are the level of
performance achieved by the best technology multiplied by the
corresponding variability factor for each regulated constituent.
If the differences in the data sets are not statistically
significant, the data sets are said to be homogeneous.
Specifically, EPA uses the analysis of variance to determine
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whether BDAT represents a level of performance achieved by only
one technology or represents a level of performance achieved by
more than one (or all) of the technologies. If the Agency finds
that the levels of performance for one or more technologies are
not statistically different, EPA averages the performance values
achieved by each technology and then multiplies this value by the
largest variability factor associated with any of the
acceptable technologies. A detailed discussion of the treatment
selection method and an example of how EPA chooses BDAT from
multiple treatment systems is provided in Section A-l.
(3) Quality assurance/quality control. This section
presents the principal quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC)
procedures employed in screening and adjusting the data to be
used in the calculation of treatment standards. Additional QA/QC
procedures used in collecting and screening data for the BDAT
program are presented in EPA's Generic Quality Assurance Project
Plan for Land Disposal Restrictions Program ("BDAT")
(EPA/530-SW-87-011, March 1987).
To calculate the treatment standards for the Land Disposal
Restriction Rules, it is first necessary to determine the
recovery value for each constituent (the amount of constituent
recovered after spiking, which is the addition of a known amount
of the constituent, minus the initial concentration in the
samples divided by the amount added) for a spike of the treated
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residual. Once the recovery value is determined, the following
procedures are used to select the appropriate percent recovery
value to adjust the analytical data:
1. If duplicate spike recovery values are available for
the constituent of interest, the data are adjusted by
the lowest available percent recovery value (i.e., the
value that will yield the most conservative estimate of
treatment achieved). However, if a spike recovery
value of less than 20 percent is reported for a
specific constituent, the data are not used to set
treatment standards because the Agency does not have
sufficient confidence in the reported value to set a
national standard.
2. If data are not available for a specific constituent
but are available for an isomer, then the spike
recovery data are transferred from the isomer and the
data are adjusted using the percent recovery selected
according to the procedure described in (1) above.
3. If data are not available for a specific constituent
but are available for a similar class of constituents
(e.g., volatile organics, acid-extractable
semivolatiles), then spike recovery data available for
this class of constituents are transferred. All spike
recovery values greater than or equal to 20 percent for
a spiked sample are averaged and the constituent
concentration is adjusted by the average recovery
value. If spiked recovery data are available for more
than one sample, the average is calculated for each
sample and the data are adjusted by the lowest average
value.
4. If matrix spike recovery data are not available for a
set of data to be used to calculate treatment
standards, then matrix spike recovery data are
transferred from a waste that the Agency believes is a
similar matrix (e.g., if the data are for an ash from
incineration, then data from other incinerator ashes
could be used). While EPA recognizes that transfer of
matrix spike recovery data from a similar waste is not
an exact analysis, this is considered the best approach
for adjusting the data to account for the fact that
most analyses do not result in extraction of 100
percent of the constituent. In assessing the recovery
data to be transferred, the procedures outlined in (1),
(2), and (3) above are followed.
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The analytical procedures employed to generate the data used
to calculate the treatment standards are listed in Appendix B of
this document. In cases where alternatives or equivalent
procedures and/or equipment are allowed in EPA's SW-846, Third
Edition (November 1986) methods, the specific procedures and
equipment used are also documented in this Appendix. In
addition, any deviations from the SW-846, Third Edition, methods
used to analyze the specific waste matrices are documented. It
is important to note that the Agency will use the methods and
procedures delineated in Appendix B to enforce the treatment
standards presented in Section 6 of this document. Accordingly,
facilities should use these procedures in assessing the
performance of their treatment systems.
1.2.7 BOAT Treatment Standards for "Derived-From" and "Mixed"
Wastes
(1) Wastes from treatment trains generating multiple
residues. In a number of instances, the proposed BDAT consists
of a series of operations, each of which generates a waste
residue. For example, the proposed BDAT for a certain waste code
is based on solvent extraction, steam stripping, and activated
carbon adsorption. Each of these treatment steps generates a
waste requiring treatmenta solvent-containing stream from
solvent extraction, a stripper overhead, and spent activated
carbon. Treatment of these wastes may generate further residues;
for instance, spent activated carbon (if not regenerated) could
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be incinerated, generating an ash and possibly a scrubber water
waste. Ultimately, additional wastes are generated that may
require land disposal. With respect to these wastes, the Agency
wishes to emphasize the following points:
1. All of the residues from treating the original listed
wastes are likewise considered to be the listed waste
by virtue of the derived-from rule contained in 40 CFR
Part 261.3(c)(2). (This point is discussed more fully
in (2) below.) Consequently, all of the wastes
generated in the course of treatment would be
prohibited from land disposal unless they satisfy the
treatment standard or meet one of the exceptions to the
prohibition.
2. The Agency's proposed treatment standards generally
contain a concentration level for wastewaters and a
concentration level for nonwastewaters. The treatment
standards apply to all of the wastes generated in
treating the original prohibited waste. Thus, all
solids generated from treating these wastes would have
to meet the treatment standard for nonwastewaters. All
derived-from wastes meeting the Agency definition of
wastewater (less than 1 percent TOC and less than 1
percent total filterable solids) would have to meet the
treatment standard for wastewaters. EPA wishes to make
clear that this approach is not meant to allow partial
treatment in order to comply with the applicable
standard.
3. The Agency has not performed tests, in all cases, on
every waste that can result from every part of the
treatment train. However, the Agency's treatment
standards are based on treatment of the most
concentrated form of the waste. Consequently, the
Agency believes that the less concentrated wastes
generated in the course of treatment will also be able
to be treated to meet this value.
(2) Mixtures and other derived-from residues. There is a
further question as to the applicability of the BDAT treatment
standards to residues generated not from treating the waste (as
discussed above), but from other types of management. Examples
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are contaminated soil or leachate that is derived from managing
the waste. In these cases, the mixture is still deemed to be the
listed waste, either because of the derived-from rule (40 CFR
Part 261.3(c)(2)(i)) or the mixture rule (40 CFR Part
261.3(a)(2)(iii) and (iv)) or because the listed waste is
contained in the matrix (see, for example, 40 CFR Part
261.33(d)). The prohibition for the particular listed waste
consequently applies to this type of waste.
The Agency believes that the majority of these types of
residues can meet the treatment standards for the underlying
listed wastes (with the possible exception of contaminated soil
and debris for which the Agency is currently investigating
whether it is appropriate to establish a separate treatability
subcategorization). For the most part, these residues will be
less concentrated than the original listed waste. The Agency's
treatment standards also make a generous allowance for process
variability by assuming that all treatability values used to
establish the standard are lognormally distributed. The waste
also might be amenable to a relatively nonvariable form of
treatment technology such as incineration. Finally, and perhaps
most important, the rules contain a treatability variance that
allows a petitioner to demonstrate that its waste cannot be
treated to the level specified in the rule (40 CFR Part
268.44(a)). This provision provides a safety valve that allows
persons with unusual waste matrices to demonstrate the
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appropriateness of a different standard. The Agency, to date,
has not received any petitions under this provision (for example,
for residues contaminated with a prohibited solvent waste),
indicating, in the Agency's view, that the existing standards are
generally achievable.
(3) Residues from managing listed wastes or that contain
listed wastes. The Agency has been asked if and when residues
from managing hazardous wastes, such as leachate and contaminated
ground water, become subject to the land disposal prohibitions.
Although the Agency believes this guestion to be settled by
existing rules and interpretative statements, to avoid any
possible confusion the Agency will address the question again.
Residues from managing First Third wastes, listed California
List wastes, and spent solvent and dioxin wastes are all
considered to be subject to the prohibitions for the underlying
hazardous waste. Residues from managing California List wastes
likewise are subject to the California List prohibitions when the
residues themselves exhibit a characteristic of hazardous waste.
This determination stems directly from the derived-from rule in
40 CFR Part 261.3(c)(2) or, in some cases, from the fact that the
waste is mixed with or otherwise contains the listed waste. The
underlying principle stated in all of these provisions is that
listed wastes remain listed until delisted.
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The Agency's historic practice in processing delisting
petitions that address mixing residuals has been to consider them
to be the listed waste and to require that delisting petitioners
address all constituents for which the derived-from waste (or
other mixed waste) was listed. The language in 40 CFR Part
260.22(b) states that mixtures or derived-from residues can be
delisted provided a delisting petitioner makes a demonstration
identical to that which a delisting petitioner would make for the
underlying waste. Consequently, these residues are treated as
the underlying listed waste for delisting purposes. The statute
likewise takes this position, indicating that soil and debris
that are contaminated with listed spent solvents or dioxin wastes
are subject to the prohibition for these wastes even though these
wastes are not the originally generated waste, but rather are a
residual from management (RCRA section 3004(e)(3)). It is EPA's
view that all such residues are covered by the existing
prohibitions and treatment standards for the listed hazardous
waste that these residues contain and from which they are
derived.
1.2.8 Transfer of Treatment Standards
EPA is proposing some treatment standards that are not based
on testing of the treatment technology of the specific waste
subject to the treatment standard. Instead, the Agency has
determined that the constituents present in the subject waste can
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be treated to the same performance levels as those observed in
other wastes for which EPA has previously developed treatment
data. EPA believes that transferring treatment performance for
use in establishing treatment standards for untested wastes is
technically valid in cases where the untested wastes are
generated from similar industries, have similar processing steps,
or have similar waste characteristics affecting performance and
treatment selection. Transfer of treatment standards to similar
wastes or wastes from similar processing steps requires little
formal analysis. However, in a case where only the industry is
similar, EPA more closely examines the waste characteristics
prior to deciding whether the untested waste constituents can be
treated to levels associated with tested wastes.
EPA undertakes a two-step analysis when determining whether
wastes generated by different processes within a single industry
can be treated to the same level of performance. First, EPA
reviews the available waste characteristic data to identify those
parameters that are expected to affect treatment selection. EPA
has identified some of the most important constituents and other
parameters needed to select the treatment technology appropriate
for a given waste. A detailed discussion of each analysis,
including how each parameter was selected for each waste, can be
found in Section 5 of this document.
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Second, when an individual analysis suggests that an
untested waste can be treated with the same technology as a waste
for which treatment performance data are already available, EPA
analyzes a more detailed list of constituents that represent some
of the most important waste characteristics that the Agency
believes will affect the performance of the technology. By
examining and comparing these characteristics, the Agency
determines whether the untested wastes will achieve the same
level of treatment as the tested waste. Where the Agency
determines that the untested waste is easier to treat than the
tested waste, the treatment standards can be transferred. A
detailed discussion of this transfer process for each waste can
be found in later sections of this document.
1.3 Variance from the BOAT Treatment Standard
The Agency recognizes that there may exist unique wastes
that cannot be treated to the level specified as the treatment
standard. In such a case, a generator or owner/operator may
submit a petition to the Administrator requesting a variance from
the treatment standard. A particular waste may be significantly
different from the wastes considered in establishing treatability
groups because the waste contains a more complex matrix that
makes it more difficult to treat. For example, complex mixtures
may be formed when a restricted waste is mixed with other waste
streams by spills or other forms of inadvertent mixing. As a
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result, the treatability of the restricted waste may be altered
such that it cannot meet the applicable treatment standard.
Variance petitions must demonstrate that the treatment
standard established for a given waste cannot be met. This
demonstration can be made by showing that attempts to treat the
waste by available technologies were not successful or by
performing appropriate analyses of the waste, including waste
characteristics affecting performance, which demonstrate that the
waste cannot be treated to the specified levels. Variances will
not be granted based solely on a showing that adequate BOAT
treatment capacity is unavailable. (Such demonstrations can be
made according to the provisions in Part 268.5 of RCRA for
case-by-case extensions of the effective date.) The Agency will
consider granting generic petitions provided that representative
data are submitted to support a variance for each facility
covered by the petition.
Petitioners should submit at least one copy to:
The Administrator
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
An additional copy marked "Treatability Variance" should be
submitted to:
Chief, Waste Treatment Branch
Office of Solid Waste (WH-565)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
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Petitions containing confidential information should be sent
with only the inner envelope marked "Treatability Variance" and
"Confidential Business Information" and with the contents marked
in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR Part 2 (41 FR
36902, September 1, 1976, amended by 43 FR 4000).
The petition should contain the following information:
1. The petitioner's name and address.
2. A statement of the petitioner's interest in the
proposed action.
3. The name, address, and EPA identification number of the
facility generating the waste, and the name and
telephone number of the plant contact.
4. The process(es) and feed materials generating the waste
and an assessment of whether such process(es) or feed
materials may produce a waste that is not covered by
the demonstration.
5. A description of the waste sufficient for comparison
with the waste considered by the Agency in developing
BOAT, and an estimate of the average and maximum
monthly and annual quantities of waste covered by the
demonstration. (Note: The petitioner should consult
the appropriate BOAT background document for
determining the characteristics of the wastes
considered in developing treatment standards.)
6. If the waste has been treated, a description of the
system used for treating the waste, including the
process design and operating conditions. The petition
should include the reasons the treatment standards are
not achievable and/or why the petitioner believes the
standards are based on inappropriate technology for
treating the waste. (Note: The petitioner should refer
to the BDAT background document as guidance for
determining the design and operating parameters that
the Agency used in developing treatment standards.)
7. A description of the alternative treatment systems
examined by the petitioner (if any); a description of
the treatment system deemed appropriate by the
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petitioner for the waste in question; and, as
appropriate, the concentrations in the treatment
residual or extract of the treatment residual (i.e.,
using the TCLP, where appropriate, for stabilized
metals) that can be achieved by applying such treatment
to the waste.
8. A description of those parameters affecting treatment
selection and waste characteristics that affect
performance, including results of all analyses. (See
Section 3.0 for a discussion of waste characteristics
affecting performance that the Agency has identified
for the technology representing BDAT.)
9. The dates of the sampling and testing.
10. A description of the methodologies and equipment used
to obtain representative samples.
11. A description of the sample handling and preparation
techniques, including techniques used for extraction,
containerization, and preservation of the samples.
12. A description of analytical procedures used, including
QA/QC methods.
After receiving a petition for a variance, the Administrator
may request any additional information or waste samples that may
be required to evaluate and process the petition. Additionally,
all petitioners must certify that the information provided to the
Agency is accurate under 40 CFR Part 268.4(b).
In determining whether a variance will be granted, the
Agency will first look at the design and operation of the
treatment system being used. If EPA determines that the
technology and operation are consistent with BDAT, the Agency
will evaluate the waste to determine if the waste matrix and/or
physical parameters are such that the BDAT treatment standards
reflect treatment of this waste. Essentially, this latter
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analysis will concern the parameters affecting treatment
selection and waste characteristics affecting performance
parameters.
In cases where BOAT is based on more than one technology,
the petitioner will need to demonstrate that the treatment
standard cannot be met using any of the technologies, or that
none of the technologies are appropriate for treatment of the
waste. After the Agency has made a determination on the
petition, the Agency's findings will be published in the Federal
Register, followed by a 30-day period for public comment.
After review of the public comments, EPA will publish its final
determination in the Federal Register as an amendment to the
treatment standards in 40 CFR Part 268, Subpart D.
1-50
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2. INDUSTRY AFFECTED AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
The previous section provided the background for the
Agency's study of K101 and K102 wastes. The purpose of this
section is to describe the industry that will be affected by land
disposal restrictions on waste codes K101 and K102, and to
characterize these wastes. This section includes a description
of the industry affected and the production processes employed in
this industry. Also included is a discussion of how K101 and
K102 wastes are generated by these processes. This section
concludes with a characterization of the K101 and K102 wastes,
and a determination of the waste treatability group for these
wastes.
The full list of hazardous waste codes from specific sources
is given in 40 CFR 261.32 (see discussion in Section 1 of this
document). Within this list, two specific hazardous waste codes
are generated by the veterinary Pharmaceuticals industry.
K101: Distillation tar residues from the distillation of
aniline-based compounds in the production of
veterinary Pharmaceuticals from arsenic or organo-
arsenic compounds.
K102: Residue from the use of activated carbon for
decolorization in the production of veterinary
Pharmaceuticals from arsenic or organo-arsenic
compounds.
The Agency has determined that these waste codes (K101 and
K102) represent a separate waste treatability group. This was
2-1
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established because they originate from the same industry and
similar processes: K102 in the production process and K101 in
the treatment process of production wastewaters. In addition,
the same treatment technologies apply to both waste codes. As a
result, the Agency has examined the sources of the wastes,
applicable treatment technologies, and treatment performance
attainable in order to support a single regulatory approach for
the two wastes.
2.1 Industry Affected and Process Description
The four digit standard industrial classification (SIC) code
reported for the veterinary Pharmaceuticals industry is 2834.
' . *
The Agency has' identified two facilities in the United States
that are actively involved in the production of veterinary
Pharmaceuticals from arsenic or organo-arsenic compounds which
could generate K101 and K102 wastes. Information from the
listing background document and from facility contacts provides a
geographic distribution of these facilities across the United
States. The two facilities that are involved in producing
arsenic based veterinary Pharmaceuticals are located in northeast
Iowa and southwest North Carolina.
The only process that EPA has identified that uses arsenic
or organo-arsenic compounds is the production of 3-Nitro-
4-Hydroxy-phenylarsonic acid (3-Nitro). The manufacture of
2-2
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3-Nitro requires the reaction of an organic compound with
inorganic arsenic to form- the organo-arsenic product. The listed
waste K102 is generated in the production process. Details of
the production process are considered to be Confidential Business
Information (CBI) and they are not presented here.1 (See Figure
2-1).
The wastewaters and floor washings generated from 3-Nitro
exhibit the characteristics of EP toxicity for arsenic. These
wastewaters are EPA hazardous waste number D004.2 In the
treatment of the wastes from the production process, two listed
wastes, K084 and K101, are generated (see Figure 2-2).
i
2.1.1 Generation of K102 Waste
The product stream from the reactor in the 3-nitro-4-
hydroxyphenylarsonic acid process goes to a hydrolysis tank where
carbon and caustic soda are added to decolor the product stream.
The decolorized stream from the hydrolysis tank is filtered in a
filter press. The spent carbon removed is the listed waste K102.
The filtrate from the filtering step undergoes additional steps
and the product, 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid, is
recovered. (See Figure 2-1).
1. Details of the production of 3-Nitro are in the RCRA CBI
Docket.
2. Throughout the remainder of this document, this
characteristic waste will be referred to simply as D004.
2-3
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ACTIVATED
CARBON
CAUSTIC SODA
PRODUCT STREAM
FROM THE
REACTOR
HYDROLYSIS
TANK
FILTER
FILTRATE TO
PRODUCT DRYER
SPENT CARBON
(K102)
FIGURE 2-1
GENERATION OF K102 FROM 3-NITRO 4-HYDROXYPHENYLARSONIC
ACID PRODUCTION
2-4
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CAUSTIC OR
METAL SULFATES
0004 WASTES
PROCESS WASTEWATERS
AND FLOOR WASHINGS
FROM 3-NITRO 4-
HYOROXYPHENYLARSONIC
ACID PRODUCTION
PRECIPITATION
TREATMENT BASIN
SUPERNATE
SAND AND
GRAVEL FILTER
FILTRATE
PRE COAT FILTER
ACETONE
ACETONE
RECOVERY
COLUMN
RESIN
ADSORPTION
COLUMN
FILTER CAKE (K084)
TARS
(K101)
TO CENTRAL
BIOLOGICAL
TREATMENT
SYSTEM
FIGURE 2-2
GENERATION OF K084 AND K101 FROM THE TREATMENT
OF D004 WASTES
2-5
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2.1.2 Generation of K101 Waste
The listed waste K101 is generated in the treatment of
wastewaters originating from the production of arsenic-containing
veterinary Pharmaceuticals (See Figure 2-2). The wastewaters,
D004, are treated in a series of steps. First, the wastewaters
are precipitated using caustic and metal sulfates. The
precipitated salts generated are the listed waste K084.
Secondly, the supernate from the chemical precipitation step
passes through a sand and gravel filter to remove undissolved
solids. Thirdly, the filtered supernate passes through a resin
adsorption column designed to remove ortho-nitroanilines
(2-nitroanaline) and ortho-nitrophenol (2-nitrophenol). The
resin adsorption column is regenerated with acetone. The acetone
used for this regeneration is distilled in an acetone recovery
column. The clay-like tars generated in the distillation are the
listed waste K101.
2.2 Waste Characterization
This section includes all waste characterization data
available to the Agency for the K101 and K102 wastes. An
estimate of the major constituents in these wastes and their
approximate concentrations are presented in Table 2-1. The
percent concentration of each major constituent in the wastes was
determined from best estimates based on chemical analyses.
2-6
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Table 2-1 shows that the major constituent of K101 is the clay-
like tar from the acetone recovery column (78 percent). BDAT
list organics and metals each are present in less than 1 percent
in K101. The non-BDAT list organic, 2-nitroaniline accounts for
20 percent of K101 waste. The major constituent present in K102
is spent activated carbon (97 percent). BDAT organics account
for less that 1 percent of the K102 waste. BDAT metals are
present in K102 at less than 2 percent with arsenic and antimony
being the majority of metals present.
The ranges of BDAT constituents present in each waste and
all other available data concerning waste characterization
parameters, obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John
Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, are presented by waste code in
Table 2-2. This table lists the ranges of BDAT organics
(volatile and semivolatile), metals, and inorganics other than
metals present in K101 and K102 wastes. Other parameters
analyzed in the wastes include non-BDAT organics, chlorides,
sulfates, total solids, total suspended solids, total dissolved
solids, and total organic carbon.
2.3 Determination of Waste Treatability Group
Fundamental to waste treatment is the concept that the type
of treatment technology used and the level of treatment achieved
depend on the physical and chemical characteristics of the waste,
2-7
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Table 2-1
Major Constituent Composition for K101 Waste*
Constituent Weight Percent
in K101
BOAT Organics <1
BOAT Metals <1
2-Nitroaniline <20
Clay-like tar >78
100%
Major Constituent Composition for K102 Waste*
Constituent , Weight Percent
in K102
BOAT Organics <1
Arsenic <1
Other BOAT Metals (primarily antimony) <1
Spent Activated Carbon >97
100%
* - Percent concentrations presented here were determined from
best estimates based on chemical analyses.
Reference: Onsite Engineering Reports for John Zink Company,
Tulsa, Oklahoma, for waste codes K101 and K102, p. 10 and p. 11,
respectively.
2-8
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TABLE 2-2 BOAT CONSTITUENT ANALYSIS AND OTHER DATA FOR UASTE COOES K101 AND K102
BOAT
Volati le Organics
222 Acetone
43 Toluene
215-217 Total Xylenes
Semi volatile Organics
70 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
142 Phenol
Metals
154 Antimony
155 Arsenic
156 Barium
157 Beryllium
158 Cadmium
159 Chromium
160 Copper
161 Lead j
162 Mercury
163 Nickel
164 Selenium
165 Silver
166 Thallium
167 Vanadium
168 Zinc
Inorganics
169 Cyanide
170 Flouride
171 Sulfide
NON-BOAT
* 2-Nitroaniline
* 2-Nitrophenol
Chlorides
Sulfate
Total Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Organic Carbon
Untreated K101 Waste
Concentration
Ranges
(mg/kg)
<50 - 81
<25 - 42
ND
<36,000 - <38,000
NO
<3.3 - 7.4
590 - 1,950
3.5 - 108
<0.1
<5.0
2.0 - 22
128 - 289
<0.5 - 6.7
1.5 - 4.2
1.8 - 5.4
<0.5
<0.7 - 1.6
<5.0
<0.4 - 1.7
35 - 111
<0.67
7.74**
65.6 - 778
<172,000 - 191,000
ND
9,960 - 38,700
5,690 11,800
604,000 - 804,000
NA
NA
254,900 - 407,400
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report, John Zink Company,
for K101 and K102. Tables 5-3 through
* - This constituent is not on the list of
5-6 and 5-3 through
constituents in the
Untreated K102 Waste
Concentration
Ranges
(mg/kg)
NO
5.4 - 26
<1.5 - 5.3
<19.4 - <194
<19.4 - <194
8,960 - 18,800
3,060 - 8,320
16 - 52
O.10 - 0.20
8.9 - 26
16 - 22
4.7 - 6.6
1.6 - 25.9
<0.1 - 3.5
<1.1 - 13
9.1 - 17
<0.7
<1.0 - 2.1
O.40 - 0.58
3.1 - 8.7
3.21 - 5.06
4.35**
4,250 - 8,150
NO
220 - 870
336 - 7,080
37 - 338
333,000 - 395,000
NA
NA
163,100 - 216,500
Tulsa, Oklahoma,
5-8, respectively.
GENERIC QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT
PLAN FOR LAND DISPOSAL RESTRICTIONS PROGRAM ("BOAT"), EPA/530-SW-87-011 , March 1987. It is a
groundwater monitoring constituent as
July 24, 1986.
** - This constituent was analyzed in only
NA - Not analyzed.
NO - Not detected.
listed in Appendix IX
one sample set.
, 40 CFR Part 264, 51 FR 26639,
2-9
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In cases where EPA believes that wastes represented by different
codes can be treated to similar concentrations using the same
technologies, the Agency combines the codes into one treatability
group. In particular, the two listed wastes K101 and K102, from
the production of veterinary Pharmaceuticals were combined into a
single waste treatability group.
The listed wastes K101 and K102 are considered to be one
treatability group for the following reasons. First, these two
wastes are produced in the veterinary pharmaceutical industry and
are generated in related processes. Second, the two wastes have
similar chemical characteristics including: high total organic
carbon, relatively low levels of BOAT metals and inorganics, and
low filterable1 solids content. For these reasons, the Agency
believes that the K101 and K102 wastes represent a separate waste
treatability group.
2-10
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3. APPLICABLE/DEMONSTRATED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
The purpose of this section is to describe applicable
treatment technologies for treatment of K101 and K102 wastes that
the Agency has identified as applicable and to describe which of
the applicable technologies the Agency has determined to be
demonstrated. Included in this section are discussions of those
applicable treatment technologies that have been demonstrated on
a commercial basis. The technologies which were considered to be
applicable are those which treat organic compounds by
concentration reduction. Also, this section describes the
performance data available for these technologies.
The previous section described the industry that will be
affected by restrictions on the K102 waste, and presented a
characterization of this waste. Characterization of the K102
waste indicates that this waste primarily consists of spent
activated carbon (greater than 97 percent), BOAT list organics
(less than 1 percent), and BOAT list metals (less than 2
percent). Analyses of K101 waste indicates that this waste
primarily consists of 2-nitroaniline (less than 20 percent), a
clay-like tar (greater than 78 percent), BDAT list organics (less
than 1 percent), and BDAT list metals (less than 1 percent). The
Agency has identified these treatment technologies which may be
applicable to K101 and K102 because the technologies are designed
to reduce the concentration of organic compounds present in the
3-1
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untreated waste. The selection of the treatment technologies
applicable for treating organic compounds in K101 and K102 wastes
is based on information obtained from engineering site visits and
available literature sources.
3.1 Applicable Treatment Technologies
For K101 and K102 nonwastewater, the Agency has identified
the following treatment technologies as being applicable: rotary
kiln incineration (which thermally destroys organic components in
the waste) followed by metals stabilization of the resulting kiln
ash (which reduces leachability of metal components by binding
the metals to the solid matrix).
For K101 and K102 wastewaters, namely the scrubber waters
generated from treatment by rotary kiln incineration, the Agency
has identified the following treatment technology as being
applicable: chemical precipitation (which removes dissolved
metals by addition of a treatment chemical to form a metal
precipitate).
Chemical precipitation of the scrubber waters generates a
residual. The precipitated metals represent an inorganic form of
the nonwastewaters. The kiln ash is also an inorganic form of
K101 and K102 nonwastewaters and the applicable treatment
technology is metals stabilization. Therefore, the applicable
3-2
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technology for chemical precipitated residuals from scrubber
waters is metals stabilization.
3.2 Demonstrated Treatment Technologies
i. Nonwastewaters
The current treatment practices for wastes K101 and K102 in
the veterinary pharmaceutical industry is incineration followed
by land disposal, and stabilization followed by land disposal.
The Agency, therefore, believes that incineration and
stabilization are applicable for treating K101 and K102 waste.
However, the Agency does not believe that either incineration or
stabilization alone is the best treatment for waste K101 and
K102.
The Agency believes that rotary kiln incineration of organic
nonwastewaters and metals stabilization of inorganic
nonwastewaters is demonstrated for K101 and K102 because these
technologies have been used on a commercial basis to treat wastes
similar to K101 and K102. The Agency has performance data for
incineration treatment for K101 and K102 organic nonwastewaters.
However, the Agency did not collect performance data for metals
stabilization of the inorganic K101 and K102 nonwastewaters.
3-3
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i i. Wastewaters
Chemical precipitation has not been demonstrated for K101
and K102 wastewaters. Chemical precipitation has been
demonstrated in wastewaters similar to those from K101 and K102
with regards to parameters affecting treatment selection.
Therefore, the Agency has determined that chemical precipitation
of wastewaters is demonstrated. However, the Agency did not
collect performance data for chemical precipitation of K101 and
K102 wastewaters.
3.3 Detailed Description of Treatment Technologies
A more detailed discussion of the treatment technology
system for which the Agency has collected performance data is
presented in Sections 3.3.1, 3.3.2 and 3.3.3.
3.3.1 Incineration
This section addresses the commonly used incineration
technologies: liquid injection, rotary kiln, fluidized bed
incineration, and fixed hearth. A discussion is provided
regarding the applicability of these technologies, the underlying
principles of operation, a technology description, waste
characteristics that affect performance, and finally important
design and operating parameters. As appropriate the subsections
are divided by type of incineration unit.
3-4
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(1) Applicability and Use of this Technology
i. Liquid Injection
Liquid injection is applicable to wastes that have viscosity
values sufficiently low so that the waste can be atomized in the
combustion chamber. A range of literature maximum viscosity
values are reported with the low being 100 SSU and the high being
10,000 SSU. It is important to note that viscosity is
temperature dependent so that while liquid injection may not be
applicable to a waste at ambient conditions, it may be applicable
when the waste is heated. Other factors that affect the use of
liquid injection are particle size and the presence of suspended
solids. Both pf these waste parameters can cause plugging of the
burner nozzle.'
ii. Rotary Kiln/ Fluidized Bed/ Fixed Hearth
These incineration technologies are applicable to a wide
range of hazardous wastes. They can be used on wastes that
contain high or low total organic content, high or low filterable
solids, various viscosity ranges, and a range of other waste
parameters. EPA has not found these technologies to be
demonstrated on wastes that are comprised essentially of metals
with low organic concentrations. In addition, the Agency expects
that some of the high metal content wastes may not be compatible
with existing and future air emission limits without emission
controls far more extensive than currently practiced.
3-5
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(2) Underlying Principles of Operation
i. Liquid Injection
The basic operating principle of this incineration
technology is that incoming liquid wastes are volatilized and
then additional heat is supplied to the waste to destabilize the
chemical bonds. Once the chemical bonds are broken, these
constituents react with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water
vapor. The energy needed to destabilize the bonds is referred to
as the energy of activation.
ii. Rotary Kiln and Fixed Hearth
There are,:two distinct principles of operation for these
incineration technologies, one for each of the chambers involved.
In the primary chamber, energy, in the form of heat, is
transferred to the waste to achieve volatilization of the various
organic waste constituents. During this volatilization process
some of the organic constituents will oxidize to CO_ and water
vapor. In the secondary chamber, additional heat is supplied to
overcome the energy requirements needed to destabilize the
chemical bonds and allow the constituents to react with excess
oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water vapor. The principle of
operation for the secondary chamber is similar to liquid
injection.
3-6
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iii. Fluidized Bed
The principle of operation for this incinerator technology
is somewhat different than for rotary kiln and fixed hearth
incineration relative to the functions of the primary and
secondary chambers. In fluidized bed, the purpose of the primary
chamber is not only to volatilize the wastes but also to
essentially combust the waste. Destruction of the waste organics
can be accomplished to a better degree in the primary chamber of
this technology than for rotary kiln and fixed hearth because of
1) improved heat transfer from fluidization of the waste using
forced air and 2) the fact that the fluidization process provides
sufficient oxygen and turbulence to convert the organics to
carbon dioxide,and water vapor. The secondary chamber (referred
to as the freeboard) generally does not have an afterburner;
however, additional time is provided for conversion of the
organic constituents to carbon dioxide, water vapor, and
hydrochloric acid if chlorine is present in the waste.
(3) Description of Incineration Technologies
i. Liquid Infection
The liquid injection system is capable of incinerating a
wide range of gases and liquids. The combustion system has a
simple design with virtually no moving parts. A burner or nozzle
atomizes the liquid waste and injects it into the combustion
chamber where it burns in the presence of air or oxygen. A
3-7
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forced draft system supplies the combustion chamber with air to
provide oxygen for combustion and turbulence for mixing. The
combustion chamber is usually a cylinder lined with refractory
(i.e., heat resistant) brick and can be fired horizontally,
vertically upward, or vertically downward. Figure 3-1
illustrates a liquid injection incineration system.
ii. Rotary Kiln
A rotary kiln is a slowly rotating, refractory-lined
cylinder that is mounted at a slight incline from the horizontal
(see Figure 3-2). Solid wastes enter at the high end of the
kiln, and liquid or gaseous wastes enter through atomizing
nozzles in the,'kiln or afterburner section. Rotation of the kiln
exposes the solids to the heat, vaporizes them, and allows them
to combust by mixing with air. The rotation also causes the ash
to move to the lower end of the kiln where it can be removed.
Rotary kiln systems usually have a secondary combustion chamber
or afterburner following the kiln for further combustion of the
volatilized components of solid wastes.
iii. Fluidized Bed
A fluidized bed incinerator consists of a column containing
inert particles such as sand which is referred to as the bed.
Air, driven by a blower, enters the bottom of the bed to fluidize
the sand. Air passage through the bed promotes rapid and uniform
mixing of the injected waste material within the fluidized bed.
3-8
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WATER
AUXILIARY-
FUEL
U)
I
VD
LIQUID OR
GASEOUS -
WASTE
INJECTION
BURNER
IR +~
BURNER
PRIMARY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER
" --
AETERBURNER
(SECONDARY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER)
Mi
SPRAY
CHAMBER
\-\r
HL
LIC
GAS TO AIR
POLLUTION
CONTROL
T
T
HORIZONTALLY FIRED
LIQUID INJECTION
INCINERATOR
ASH
WATER
FIGURE 3-1
LIQUID INJECTION INCINERATOR
-------
SOLID WASTE
NFLUENT
AUXILIARY
FUEL
AIR
FEED
MECHANISM
LIQUID OR
GASEOUS
WASTE INJECTION
GAS TO
AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL
AFTERBURNER
COMBUSTION
GASES
FIGURE 3-2 ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR
3-10
-------
The fluidized bed has an extremely high heat capacity
(approximately three times that of flue gas at the same
temperature), thereby providing a large heat reservoir. The
injected waste reaches ignition temperature quickly and transfers
the heat of combustion back to the bed. Continued bed agitation
by the fluidizing air allows larger particles to remain suspended
in the combustion zone. (See Figure 3-3).
iv. Fixed Hearth Incineration
Fixed hearth incinerators, also called controlled air or
starved air incinerators, are another major technology used for
hazardous waste incineration. Fixed hearth incineration is a
two-stage combustion process (see Figure 3-4). Waste is ram-fed
into the first1 stage, or primary chamber, and burned at less than
stoichiometric conditions. The resultant smoke and pyrolysis
products, consisting primarily of volatile hydrocarbons and
carbon monoxide, along with the normal products of combustion,
pass to the secondary chamber. Here, additional air is injected
to complete the combustion. This two-stage process generally
yields low stack particulate and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions.
The primary chamber combustion reactions and combustion gas are
maintained at low levels by the starved air conditions so that
particulate entrainment and carryover are minimized.
3-11
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WASTE
INJECTION
FREEBOARD
ASH
FIGURE 3-3
FLUIDIZED BED INCINERATOR
GAS TO AIR
POLLUTION
CONTROL
MAKE-UP
SAND
AIR
3-12
-------
AIR
GAS TO AIR
POLLUTION
CONTROL
AIR
CO
I
v->
U)
WASTE _
INJECTION
BURNER
PRIMARY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER
GRATE
SECONDARY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER
I
AUXILIARY
FUEL
2 - STAGE EIXED HEARTH
INCINERATOR
t
ASH
FIGURE 3-4 FIXED HEARTH INCINERATOR
-------
v. Air Pollution Controls
Following incineration of hazardous wastes, combustion gases
are generally further treated in an air pollution control system.
The presence of chlorine or other halogens in the waste requires
a scrubbing or absorption step to remover HC1 and other
halo-acids from the combustion gases. Ash in the waste is not
destroyed in the combustion process. Depending on its
composition, ash will either exit as bottom ash, at the discharge
end of a kiln or hearth for example, or as particulate matter
(fly ash) suspended in the combustion gas stream. Particulate
emissions from most hazardous waste combustion systems generally
have particle diameters less than one micron and require high
efficiency collection devices to minimize air emissions. In
addition, scrubber systems provide additional buffer against
accidental releases of incompletely destroyed waste products due
to poor combustion efficiency or combustion upsets, such as flame
outs.
(4) Waste Characteristics Affecting Performance (WCAP)
i. Liquid Injection
In determining whether liquid injection is likely to achieve
the same level of performance on an untested waste as a
previously tested waste, the Agency will compare dissociation
bond energies of the constituents in the untested and tested
waste. This parameter is being used as a surrogate indicator of
3-14
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activation energy which, as discussed previously, destabilizes
molecular bonds. In theory, the bond dissociation energy would
be equal to the activation energy; however, in practice this is
not always the case. Other energy effects (e.g., vibrational,
the formation of intermediates, and interactions between
different molecular bonds) may have a significant influence on
activation energy.
Because of the shortcomings of bond energies in estimating
activation energy, EPA analyzed other waste characteristic
parameters to determine if these parameters would provide a
better basis for transferring treatment standards from an
untested waste,to a tested waste. These parameters include heat
of combustion,' heat of formation, use of available kinetic data
to predict activation energies, and general structural class.
All of these were rejected for reasons provided below.
The heat of combustion only measures the difference in
energy of the products and reactants; it does not provide
information on the transition state (i.e., the energy input
needed to initiate the reaction). Heat of formation is used as a
predictive tool for whether reactions are likely to proceed;
however, there are a significant number of hazardous constituents
for which these data are not available. Use of kinetic data were
rejected because these data are limited and could not be used to
calculate free energy values (A G) for the wide range of
3-15
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hazardous constituents to be addressed by this rule. Finally,
EPA decided not to use structural classes because the Agency
believes that evaluation of bond dissociation energies allows for
a more direct determination of whether a constituent will be
destabilized.
ii. Rotary Kiln/Fluidized Bed/Fixed Hearth
Unlike liquid injection, these incineration technologies
also generate a residual ash. Accordingly, in determining
whether these technologies are likely to achieve the same level
of performance on an untested waste as a previously tested waste,
EPA would need to examine the waste characteristics that affect
volatilization,of organics from the waste, as well as,
destruction of' the organics, once volatilized. Relative to
volatilization, EPA will examine thermal conductivity of the
entire waste and boiling point of the various constituents. As
with liquid injection, EPA will examine bond energies in
determining whether treatment standards for scrubber water
residuals can be transferred from a tested waste to an untested
waste. Below is a discussion of how EPA arrived at thermal
conductivity and boiling point as the best method to assess
volatilization of organics from the waste; the discussion
relative to bond energies is the same for these technologies as
for liquid injection and will not be repeated here.
3-16
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Thermal Conductivity
Consistent with the underlying principles of incineration, a
major factor with regard to whether a particular constituent will
volatilize is the transfer of heat through the waste. In the
case of rotary kiln, fluidized bed, and fixed hearth
incineration, heat is transferred through the waste by three
mechanisms: radiation, convection, and conduction. For a given
incinerator, heat transferred through various wastes by radiation
is more a function of the design and type of incinerator than the
waste being treated. Accordingly, the type of waste treated will
have a minimal impact on the amount of heat transferred by
radiation. With regard to convection, EPA also believes that the
type of heat transfer will generally be more a function of the
type and design of incinerator than the waste itself. However,
EPA is examining particle size as a waste characteristic that may
significantly impact the amount of heat transferred to a waste by
convection and thus impact volatilization of the various organic
compounds. The final type of heat transfer, conduction, is the
one that EPA believes will have the greatest impact on
volatilization of organic constituents. To measure this
characteristic, EPA will use thermal conductivity; an explanation
of this parameter, as well as, how it can be measured is provided
below.
3-17
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Heat flow by conduction is proportional to the temperature
gradient across the material. The proportionality constant is a
property of the material and referred to as the thermal
conductivity. (Note: The analytical method that EPA has
identified for measurement of thermal conductivity is named
"Guarded, Comparative, Longitudinal Heat Flow Technique"; it is
described in Appendix E.) In theory, thermal conductivity would
always provide a good indication of whether a constituent in an
untested waste would be treated to the same extent in the primary
incinerator chamber as the same constituent in a previously
tested waste.
In practice, thermal conductivity has some limitations in
assessing the transferability of treatment standards; however,
EPA has not identified a parameter that can provide a better
indication of heat transfer characteristics of a waste. Below is
a discussion of both the limitations associated with thermal
conductivity, as well as other parameters considered.
Thermal conductivity measurements, as part of a treatability
comparison for two different wastes through a single incinerator,
are most meaningful when applied to wastes that are homogeneous
(i.e., major constituents are essentially the same). As wastes
exhibit greater degrees of non-homogeneity (e.g., significant
concentration of metals in soil) , then thermal conductivity
becomes less accurate in predicting treatability because the
3-18
-------
measurement essentially reflects heat flow through regions having
the greatest conductivity (i.e., the path of least resistance)
and not heat flow through all parts of the waste.
The thermal conductivities for the listed wastes, K101 and
K102, were determined by the "Guarded, Comparative, Longitudinal
Heat Flow Technique." This method and the results for K101 and
K102 are discussed in Appendix E. The thermal conductivities for
K101 and K102 were determined to be 0.273 W/mK and 0.13.6 W/mK,
respectively.
BTU value, specific heat, and ash content were also
considered for.predicting heat transfer characteristics. These
parameters can' no better account for non-homogeneity than thermal
conductivity; additionally, they are not directly related to heat
transfer characteristics. Therefore, these parameters do not
provide a better indication of heat transfer that will occur in
any specific waste.
Boiling' Point
Once heat is transferred to a constituent within a waste,
then removal of this constituent from the waste will depend on
its volatility. As a surrogate of volatility, EPA is using
boiling point of the constituent. Compounds with lower boiling
points have higher vapor pressures and, therefore, would be more
3-19
-------
likely to vaporize. The Agency recognizes that this parameter
does not take into consideration the impact of other compounds in
the waste on the boiling point of a constituent in a mixture;
however, the Agency is not aware of a better measure of
volatility that can easily be determined. The boiling points for
2-nitroaniline and 2-nitrophenol are 284°C and 216°C,
respectively.
(5) Incineration Design and Operating Parameters
i. Liquid Injection
For a liquid injection unit, EPA's analysis of whether the
unit is well designed will focus on (1) the likelihood that
sufficient energy is provided to the waste to overcome the
activation level for breaking molecular bonds and (2) whether
sufficient oxygen is present to convert the waste constituents to
carbon dioxide and water vapor. The specific design parameters
that the Agency will evaluate to assess whether these conditions
are met are: temperature, excess oxygen, and residence time.
Below is a discussion of why EPA believes these parameters to be
important, as well as a discussion of how these parameters will
be monitored during operation.
It is important to point out that, relative to the
development of land disposed restriction standards, EPA is only
concerned with these design parameters when a quench water or
3-20
-------
scrubber water residual is generated from treatment of a
particular waste. If treatment of a particular waste in a liquid
injection unit would not generate a wastewater stream, then the
Agency, for purposes of land disposal treatment standards, would
only be concerned with the waste characteristics that affect
selection of the unit, not the above-mentioned design parameters.
Temperature
Temperature is important in that it provides an indirect
measure of the energy available (i.e., BTUs/hr) to overcome the
activation energy of waste constituents. As the design
temperature increases, the more likely it is that the molecular
bonds will be destabilized and the reaction completed.
The temperature is normally controlled automatically through
the use of instrumentation which senses the temperature and
automatically adjusts the amount of fuel and/or waste being fed.
The temperature signal transmitted to the controller can be
simultaneously transmitted to a recording device, referred to as
a strip chart, and thereby continuously recorded. To fully
assess the operation of the unit, it is important to know not
only the exact location in the incinerator that the temperature
is being monitored but also the location of the design
temperature.
3-21
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Excess Oxygen
It is important that the incinerator contain oxygen in
excess of the stoichiometric amount necessary to convert the
organic compounds to carbon dioxide and water vapor. If
insufficient oxygen is present, then destabilized waste
constituents could recombine to the same or other BOAT list
organic compounds and potentially cause the scrubber water to
contain higher concentrations of BDAT list constituents than
would be the case for a well operated unit.
In practice, the amount of oxygen fed to the incinerator is
controlled by continuous sampling and analysis of the stack gas.
If the amount of oxygen drops below the design value, then the
analyzer transmits a signal to the valve controlling the air
supply and thereby increases the flow of oxygen to the
afterburner. The analyzer simultaneously transmits a signal to a
recording device so that the amount of excess oxygen can be
continuously recorded. Again, as with temperature, it is
important to know the location from which the combustion gas is
being sampled.
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide is an important operating parameter because
it provides an indication of the extent to which the waste
3-22
-------
organic constituents are being converted to CO and water vapor.
As the carbon monoxide level increases, it indicates that greater
amounts of organic waste constituents are unreacted or partially
reacted. Increased carbon monoxide levels can result from
insufficient excess oxygen, insufficient turbulence in the
combustion zone, or insufficient residence time.
Waste Feed Rate
The waste feed rate is important to monitor because it is
correlated to the residence time. The residence time is
associated with a specific Btu energy value of the feed and a
specific volume, of combustion gas generated. Prior to
incineration, the BTU value of the waste is determined through
the use of a laboratory device known as a bomb calorimeter. The
volume of combustion gas generated from the waste to be
incinerated is determined from an analysis referred to as an
ultimate analysis. This analysis determines the amount of
elemental constituents present which include carbon, hydrogen,
sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and halogens. Using this analysis plus
the total amount of air added, the volume of combustion gas can
be calculated. Having determined both the BTU content and the
expected combustion gas volume, the feed rate can be fixed at the
desired residence time. Continuous monitoring of the feed rate
will determine whether the unit was operated at a rate
corresponding to the designed residence time.
3-23
-------
ii. Rotary Kiln
For this incineration, EPA will examine both the primary and
secondary chamber in evaluating the design of a particular
incinerator. Relative to the primary chamber, EPA's assessment
of design will focus on whether it is likely that sufficient
energy will be provided to the waste in order to volatilize the
waste constituents. For the secondary chamber, analogous to the
sole liquid injection incineration chamber, EPA will examine the
same parameters discussed previously under liquid injection
incineration. These parameters will not be discussed again here.
The particular design parameters to be evaluated for the
primary chamber are: kiln temperature, residence time, and
revolutions per minute. Below is a discussion of why EPA
believes these parameters to be important, as well as a
discussion of how these parameters will be monitored during
operation.
Temperature
The primary chamber temperature is important, in that it
provides an indirect measure of the energy input (i.e., BTUs/hr)
that is available for heating the waste. The higher the
temperature is designed to be in a given kiln, the more likely it
is that the constituents will volatilize. As discussed earlier
3-24
-------
under "Liquid Injection", temperature should be continuously
monitored and recorded. Additionally, it is important to know
the location of the temperature sensing device in the kiln.
Residence Time
This parameter is important in that it affects whether
sufficient heat is transferred to a particular constituent in
order for volatilization to occur. As the time that the waste is
in the kiln is increased, a greater quantity of heat is
transferred to the hazardous waste constituents. The residence
time will be a function of the specific configuration of the
rotary kiln including the length and diameter of the kiln, the
waste feed rate, and the rate of rotation.
Revolutions Per Minute (RPM)
This parameter provides an indication of the turbulence that
occurs in the primary chamber of a rotary kiln. As the
turbulence increases, the quantity of heat transferred to the
waste would also be expected to increase. However, as
the RPM value increases, the residence time decreases resulting
in a reduction of the quantity of heat transferred to the waste.
This parameter needs to be carefully evaluated because it
provides a balance between turbulence and residence time.
3-25
-------
iii. Fluidized Bed
As discussed previously, in the section on "Underlying
Principles of Operation", the primary chamber accounts for almost
all of the conversion of organic wastes to carbon dioxide, water
vapor, and acid gas if halogens are present. The secondary
chamber will generally provide additional residence time for
thermal oxidation of the waste constituents. Relative to the
primary chamber, the parameters that the Agency will examine in
assessing the effectiveness of the design are temperature,
residence time, and bed pressure differential. The first two
were discussed under rotary kiln and will not be discussed here.
The latter, bed pressure differential, is important in that it
provides an indication of the amount of turbulence and,
^
therefore;1 indirectly the amount of heat supplied to the waste.
In general, as the pressure drop increases, both the turbulence
and heat supplied increase. The pressure drop through the bed
should be continuously monitored and recorded to ensure that the
designed valued is achieved.
iv. Fixed Hearth
The design considerations for this incineration unit are
similar to a rotary kiln with the exception that rate of rotation
(i.e., RPMs) is not an applicable design parameter. For the
primary chamber of this unit, the parameters that the Agency will
examine in assessing how well the unit is designed are the same
as discussed under rotary kiln; for the secondary chamber (i.e.,
3-26
-------
afterburner), the design and operating parameters of concern are
the same as previously discussed under "Liquid Injection".
(6) Incineration Performance Data
Performance data collected by EPA for rotary kiln
incineration are presented in Tables 3-1 to 3-11. These tables
present the analytical data for K101 and K102 collected during
the Agency's sampling visit. The untreated K101 and K102 wastes,
the treated K101 and K102 wastes (kiln ash) and the scrubber
wastewater generated were analyzed for BOAT list volatile and
semivolatile organic compounds and other parameters that affect
incinerator performance.
*
Included in these tables are the design values and actual
operating ranges for the key operating parameters of the rotary
kiln incinerator system and the high performance scrubber system
for each sample set collected.
3-27
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TABLE 3-1 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF K101 BY INCINERATION - Sample Set #1
Sample Location
(EPA Sample Number)
Untreated K101 Waste
to incinerator
(SZ7-101)
0
20-25
20-25
>30
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
9.5-10.5
5.5-6.5
160-170
370-380
1.94 - 1.98
27
21.5
38.5 - 39.5
200
180 - 182
175 - 180
175 - 180
12
6.0
Not in operation
Not in operation
a - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K101.
Tables 3-1, 3-2 and 5-3.
* - Not on BOAT List
** - This an average of two results for total organic carbon analysis on same sample.
NA - Not analyzed.
3-28
-------
TABLE 3-2 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF K101 BY INCINERATION - Sample Set #2
Sample Location
(EPA Sample Number)
Untreated K101 Waste
to incinerator
(SZ7-102)
(mg/kg)
Scrubber Uastewater
(SZ9-102)
(mg/l)
BOAT LIST
Volatile Organics
222 Acetone
43 Toluene
Semivolatile Organics
70 8is(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
<50
<25
<38,000
<0.010
<0.005
0.013
NON-BOAT LIST
* 2-Nitroaniline
Total Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Organic Carbon
<188,000
793,000
NA
NA
401,100
<0.050
32,000
914
23,600
89.6**
OPERATING PARAMETERS
DESIGN VALUE
OPERATING RANGE
,
Incinerator System:
Kiln temperature (deg. F), T1
Kiln exhaust temperature (deg. F), T2
Kiln pressure (in. H^O), KV
Kiln rotational speed (rpm), RS
Natural gas feed rate to kiln (MM Btu/hr), FGK
Natural gas pressure to kiln (psig), PGK
Afterburner temperature (deg. F), T3
Natural gas feed rate to afterburner (MM Btu/hr), FGA
Natural gas pressure to afterburner (psig), PGA
Quench tower temperature (deg. F), T4
Feed rate of K102 to kiln (Ibs/hr), FU
Recirculation pump discharge pressure (psig), P1
Hydrosonic Scrubber System:
Pressure drop across venturi flow meter (in. H-0), PV
Pressure drop across Stage 1 (in. H^O), P1
Pressure drop across Stage 2 (in. H?0), P2
Total pressure drop across scrubber unit (in. H_0), PT
Scrubber inlet temperature (deg. F), T5
Stage 1 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T6
Stage 2 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T7
Cyclone outlet temperature (deg. F), T8
Recirculated water flow to Stage 1 (gpm), W1
Recirculated water flow to Stage 2 (gpm), U2
Steam pressure (psig), PS
Steam temperature (deg. F), TS
1600-2000
1600-2000
< -0.10
0.25
< 4
25
2000
<4
25
Not controlled
500
80
>0
20-25
20-25
>30
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
9.5-10.5
5.5-6.5
160-170
370-380
1710 - 1940
1735 - 1914
(-0.06) - (-0.20)
0.25
0.400 - 0.640
25
1991 - 2019
0.640 - 0.920
25
474 - 543
196
75 - 80
1.98 - 2.10
27 - 28
20 - 21
38.5
205 - 210
184 - 188
174 - 175
175
11.25 - 12
6.0
Not in operation
Not in operation
a - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K101.
Tables 3-1, 3-2 and 5-4.
* - Not on BOAT List
** - This an average of two results for total organic carbon analysis on same sample.
NA - Not analyzed.
3-29
-------
TABLE 3-3 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF K101 BY INCINERATION - Sample Set #3
Sample Location
(EPA Sample Number)
Untreated K101 Waste
to incinerator
(SZ7-103)
(mg/kg)
Scrubber Wastewater
(SZ9-103)
(mg/l)
BOAT LIST
Volatile Organics
222 Acetone
43 Toluene
Semivolatile Organics
70 Bis(2-ethylhexyt)Phthalate
<50
42
<34,000
<0.010
<0.005
0.011
NON-BOAT LIST
2-Nitroaniline
Total Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Organic Carbon
<172,000
804,000
NA
NA
281,200
<0.050
18,500
289
17,700
30.4**
OPERATING PARAMETERS
DESIGN VALUE
OPERATING RANGE
Incinerator System: '
*
Kiln temperature (deg. F), T1
Kiln exhaust temperature (deg. F), T2
Kiln pressure (in. H20), KV
Kiln rotational speed (rpm), RS
Natural gas feed rate to kiln (MM Btu/hr), FGK
Natural gas pressure to kiln (psig), PGK
Afterburner temperature (deg. F), T3
Natural gas feed rate to afterburner (MM Btu/hr), FGA
Natural gas pressure to afterburner (psig), PGA
Quench tower temperature (deg. F), T4
Feed rate of K102 to kiln (Ibs/hr), FW
Recirculation pump discharge pressure (psig), P1
Hydrosonic Scrubber System:
Pressure drop across venturi flow meter (in. HpO), PV
Pressure drop across Stage 1 (in. H20), P1
Pressure drop across Stage 2 (in. H.O), P2
Total pressure drop across scrubber unit (in. H20), PT
Scrubber inlet temperature (deg. F), T5
Stage 1 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T6
Stage 2 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T7
Cyclone outlet temperature (deg. F), T8
Recirculated water flow to Stage 1 (gpm), U1
Recirculated water flow to Stage 2 (gpm), W2
Steam pressure (psig), PS
Steam temperature (deg. F), TS
1600-2000
1600-2000
< -0.10
0.25
< 4
25
2000
<4
25
Not controlled
500
80
>0
20-25
20-25
>30
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
9.5-10.5
5.5-6.5
160-170
370-380
1625 - 1940
1576 - 1880
(-0.06) - (-0.10)
0.25
0.400
24.5
1940 - 1991
0.92 - 0.96
25
458 - 513
192
75 - 80
2.10 - 2.16
27
20
38.5
205
180 - 188
175
170 -175
12
6.0
Not in operation
Not in operation
a - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K101.
Tables 3-1, 3-2 and 5-5.
* - Not on BOAT List
** - This an average of two results for total organic carbon analysis on same sample.
NA - Not analyzed.
3-30
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TABLE 3-4 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AMD OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF K101 BY INCINERATION - Sample Set #4
Sample Location
(EPA Sample Number)
Untreated K101 Waste
to incinerator
(SZ7-104)
(mg/kg)
Scrubber Wastewater
(SZ9-104)
(mg/l)
BOAT LIST
Volatile Organics
222 Acetone
43 Toluene
Semivolatile Organics
70 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
81
<25
<38,000
<0.010
<0.005
0.012
NON-BOAT LIST
2-Nitroaniline
Total Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Organic Carbon
<190,000
604,000
NA
NA
254,900
<0.050
22,600
373
21,100
38.0**
OPERATING PARAMETERS
DESIGN VALUE
OPERATING RANGE
Incinerator System:
Kiln temperature (deg. F), T1
Kiln exhaust temperature (deg. F), T2
Kiln pressure (in. H20), KV
Kiln rotational speed (rpm), RS
Natural gas feed rate to kiln (MM Btu/hr), FGK
Natural gas pressure to kiln (psig), PGK
Afterburner temperature (deg. F), T3
Natural gas feed rate to afterburner (MM Btu/hr), FGA
Natural gas pressure to afterburner (psig), PGA
Quench tower temperature (deg. F), T4
Feed rate of K102 to kiln (Ibs/hr), FW
Recirculation pump discharge pressure (psig), P1
Not
1600-2000
1600-2000
< -0.10
0.25
< 4
25
2000
<4
25
controlled
500
80
1700
1383 - 1631
0 - (-0.10)
0.25
0.40 - 2.00
24.5
1868 - 1891
0.96
24 - 24.5
467 - 486
129
80
Hydrosonic Scrubber System:
Pressure drop across venturi flow meter (in. H-0), PV
Pressure drop across Stage 1 (in. H-0), P1
Pressure drop across Stage 2 (in. H-0), P2
Total pressure drop across scrubber unit (in. H-O), PT
Scrubber inlet temperature (deg. F), T5
Stage 1 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T6
Stage 2 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T7
Cyclone outlet temperature (deg. F), T8
Recirculated water flow to Stage 1 (gpm), W1
Recirculated water flow to Stage 2 (gpm), W2
Steam pressure (psig), PS
Steam temperature (deg. F), TS
>0
20-25
20-25
>30
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
9.5-10.5
5.5-6.5
160-170
370-380
2.0 - 2.25
27
20
38.5 - 40.6
205
178
175
170 - 172
12
6.0
Not in operation
Not in operation
a - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K101.
Tables 3-1, 3-2 and 5-6.
* - Not on BOAT List
** - This an average of two results for total organic carbon analysis on same sample.
NA - Not analyzed.
3-31
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TABLE 3-5 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR TREATMENT OF K101 BY INCINERATION - Sample Sets 2A, 28, and 1
BOAT
222
43
Sample Location
(EPA Sample Number)
List
Volati le Organics
Acetone
Toluene
Treated Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(2A)
TOTAL
(mg/kg)
0.010
<0.005
Treated Uaste
(Kiln Ash)
(28)
TOTAL
(mg/kg)
<0.010
<0.005
Treated Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(1)
TOTAL
(mg/kg)
<0.010
<0.005
Semivolatile Organics
70 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)Phthlate
<0.420
<0.420
<0.420
NON -BOAT List
* 2-Nitroaniline
Total Solids (%)
Total Suspended Solids .
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Organic Carbon
<2
94.5
NA
NA
267**
<2
94.8
NA
NA
795**
<2
96.2
NA
NA
2,130**
a - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report, John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma for K101, Table 5-7.
* - Constituent is not on the BOAT list.
** - This is an average of four results for Total Organic Carbon analysis on same sample.
NA - Not analyzed.
3-32
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TABLE 3-6 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF K102 BY INCINERATION - Sample Set #1
Sample Location
(EPA Sample Number)
Untreated K102 Waste
to incinerator
(SZ4-101)
(mg/kg)
Treated Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(SZ5-101)
Total
(mg/kg)
Scrubber Wastewater
(SZ6-101)
(rug/1)
BOAT LIST
Volatile Organics
43 Toluene
215-217 Total Xylenes
Semivolatile Organics
70 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
142 Phenol
9.4
<182
<182
<0.005
<0.005
0.016
0.017
NON-BDAT LIST
2-Nitrophenol
Total Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Organic Carbon
370
337,000
NA
NA
173,200
732,500**
NA
NA
22,400***
<0.010
6200
1,980
1,930
17.1***
OPERATING PARAMETERS
DESIGN VALUE
OPERATING RANGE
Incinerator System:
Kiln temperature (deg. f), T1 1600-2000
Kiln exhaust temperature (deg. F), T2 1600-2000
Kiln pressure (in. H,0), KV < -0.10
Kiln rotational specs (rpm), RS 0.25
Natural gas feed rate to kiln (MM Btu/hr), FGK < 4
Natural gas pressure to kiln (psig), PGK 25
Afterburner temperature (deg. F), T3 2000
Natural gas feed rate to afterburner (MM Btu/hr), FGA <4
Natural gas pressure to afterburner (psig), PGA 25
Quench tower temperature (deg. F), T4 Not controlled
Feed rate of K102 to kiln (Ibs/hr), FW 500
Recirculation pump discharge pressure (psig), P1 - 80
2000
1889-1892
-0.01)-(-0.
0.25
1.92
25
1928-1934
0.88-1.04
20-27.5
486-496
565
80
Hydrosonic Scrubber System:
Pressure drop across venturi flow meter (in. H-O), PV
Pressure drop across Stage 1 (in. H_0), P1
Pressure drop across Stage 2 (in. HpO), P2
Total pressure drop across scrubber unit (in. H?0), PT
Scrubber inlet temperature (deg. F), T5
Stage 1 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T6
Stage 2 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T7
Cyclone outlet temperature (deg. F), T8
Recirculated water flow to Stage 1 (gpm), W1
Recirculated water flow to Stage 2 (gpm), W2
Steam pressure (psig), PS
Steam temperature (deg. F), TS
>0
20-25
20-25
>30
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
9.5-10.5
5.5-6.5
160-170
370-380
1.62-1.68
21.5-27.0
20.0-21.0
30.5-31.0
200
170-172
180-185
180
10.1-10.5
6.0-6.5
180-185
375
a - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K102.
Tables 3-2, 3-3 and 5-3.
* - Not on BOAT List
** - This an average of two results for total solids analysis on same sample.
*** - This an average of four results for total organic carbon analysis on same sample.
NA - Not analyzed.
3-33
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TABLE 3-7 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF K102 BY INCINERATION - Sample Set #2
Sample Location
(EPA Sample Number)
Untreated K102 Waste
to incinerator
(SZ4-102)
(mg/kg)
Treated Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(SZ5-102)
Total
(mg/kg>
Scrubber Wastewater
(SZ6-102)
(mg/l)
BOAT LIST
Volatile Organics
43 Toluene
215-217 Total Xylenes
Semivolatile Organics
70 8is(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
142 Phenol
5.4
<19.4
<19.4
<0.005
<0.005
<0.010
0.019T
NON-BOAT LIST
2-Nitrophenol
Total Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Organic Carbon
220
356,000
NA
NA
166,000
706,000**
NA
NA
24,200***
<0.010
5,130
2,910
2,610
22.9***
OPERATING PARAMETERS
DESIGN VALUE
OPERATING RANGE
f
Incinerator System:
Kiln temperature (deg. F), T1
Kiln exhaust temperature (deg. F), T2
Kiln pressure (in. H-0), KV
Kiln rotational speed (rpm), RS
Natural gas feed rate to kiln (MM Btu/hr), FGK
Natural gas pressure to kiln (psig), PGK
Afterburner temperature (deg. F), T3
Natural gas feed rate to afterburner (MM Btu/hr), FGA
Natural gas pressure to afterburner (psig), PGA
Quench tower temperature (deg. F), T4
Feed rate of K102 to kiln (Ibs/hr), FW
Recircutation pump discharge pressure (psig), P1
1600-2000
1600-2000
< -0.10
0.25
< 4
25
2000
<4
25
Not controlled
500
80
1860-1950
1864-1924
-0.05
0.25
1.04-1.20
25
1949
0.92-0.96
20
486-509
565
80
Hydrosonic Scrubber System:
Pressure drop across venturi flow meter (in. H_0), PV
Pressure drop across Stage 1 (in. H_0), P1
Pressure drop across Stage 2 (in. tUO), P2
Total pressure drop across scrubber unit (in. H_0), PT
Scrubber inlet temperature (deg. F), T5
Stage 1 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T6
Stage 2 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T7
Cyclone outlet temperature (deg. F), T8
Recirculated water flow to Stage 1 (gpm), U1
Recirculated water flow to Stage 2 (gpm), U2
Steam pressure (psig), PS
Steam temperature (deg. F), TS
>0
20-25
20-25
>30
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
9.5-10.5
5.5-6.5
160-170
370-380
1.54-1.64
20.5-21.0
19.5-21.0
30.0-30.5
200
176-178
180-185
180-182
9.75
6.5
165-167
375
NA
T
Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K102.
Tables 3-2, 3-3 and 5-4.
Constituent has not yet been assigned a BOAT number.
This an average of two results for total solids analysis on same sample.
This an average of four results for total organic carbon analysis on same sample.
Not analyzed.
This value is under investigation by laboratory to confirm compound's presence.
3-34
-------
TABLE 3-8 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF K102 BY INCINERATION - Sample Set #3
Sample Location
(EPA Sample Number)
Untreated K102 Waste Treated Waste
to incinerator (Kiln Ash)
(SZ4-103) (SZ5-103)
Total
(mg/kg) (mg/kg)
Scrubber Wastewater
(SZ6-103)
(mg/l)
BOAT LIST
43
215-217
70
142
NON-BOAT
*
Volati le Organics
Toluene
Total Xylenes
Semivolatile Organics
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
Phenol
LIST
2-Nitrophenol
Total Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Organic Carbon
5.7 <1.5
<1.5 <1.5
<19.4 <1.0
<19.4 <1.0
230 <1.0
355,000 601,500**
NA NA
NA NA
167,800 36,700***
<0
<0
0
<0
<0
5,130
4,440
2,550
23
.005
.005
.022
.010
.010
0.***
OPERATING PARAMETERS
DESIGN VALUE
OPERATING RANGE
1
Incinerator System:
Kiln temperature (deg. F), T1
Kiln exhaust temperature (deg. F), T2
Kiln pressure (in. H-0), KV
Kiln rotational speed (rpm), RS
Natural gas feed rate to kiln (MM Btu/hr), FGK
Natural gas pressure to kiln (psig), PGK
Afterburner temperature (deg. F), T3
Natural gas feed rate to afterburner (MM Btu/hr), FGA
Natural gas pressure to afterburner (psig), PGA
Quench tower temperature (deg. F), T4
Feed rate of K102 to kiln (Ibs/hr), FW
Recirculation pump discharge pressure (psig), P1
1600-2000
1600-2000
< -0.10
0.25
< 4
25
2000
<4
25
Not controlled
500
80
1300-1850
1850-1879
0.0-0.15*
0.25
1.00-1.04
25
1925-1928
0.80
25
480
515
80
Hydrosonic Scrubber System:
Pressure drop across venturi flow meter (in. HpO), PV
Pressure drop across Stage 1 (in. H^O), P1
Pressure drop across Stage 2 (in. HjO), P2
Total pressure drop across scrubber unit (in. H~0), PT
Scrubber inlet temperature (deg. F), T5
Stage 1 nozzle temperature (deg. F), To
Stage 2 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T7
Cyclone outlet temperature (deg. F), T8
Recircutated water flow to Stage 1 (gpm), W1
Recirculated water flow to Stage 2 (gpm), U2
Steam pressure (psig), PS
Steam temperature (deg. F), TS
>0
20-25
20-25
>30
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
9.5-10.5
5.5-6.5
160-170
370-380
1.46-1.56
21.5-26.0
20.5-21.0
30.5-31.0
200
178
185
182
10.5
6.5-6.6
170-180
375
a - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K102.
Tables 3-2, 3-3 and 5-5.
* - Not on BOAT List
** - This an average of two results for total solids analysis on same sample.
*** - This an average of four results for total organic carbon analysis on same sample.
NA - Not analyzed.
3-35
-------
TABLE 3-9 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF K102 BY INCINERATION - Sample Set #4
Untreated K102 Waste
Sample Location to incinerator
(EPA Sample Number) (SZ4-104)
(mg/kg)
BOAT LIST
Volatile Organics
43 Toluene 6.1
215-217 Total Xylenes <1.5
Semivolatile Organics
70 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate <194
142 Phenol <194
NON-BOAT LIST
* 2-Nitrophenol 480
Total Solids 333,000
Total Suspended Solids NA
Total Dissolved Solids NA
Total Organic Carbon 163,100
OPERATING PARAMETERS
*
Incinerator System:
Kiln temperature (deg. F), T1
Kiln exhaust temperature (deg. F), T2
Kiln pressure (in. H-0), KV
Kiln rotational speed (rpm), RS
Natural gas feed rate to kiln (MM Btu/hr), FGK
Natural gas pressure to kiln (psig), PGK
Afterburner temperature (deg. F), T3
Natural gas feed rate to afterburner (MM 8tu/hr), FGA
Natural gas pressure to afterburner (psig), PGA
Quench tower temperature (deg. F), T4
Feed rate of K102 to kiln (Ibs/hr), FW
Recirculation pump discharge pressure (psig), P1
Hydrosonic Scrubber System:
Pressure drop across venturi flow meter (in. HjO), PV
Pressure drop across Stage 1 (in. 1^0), P1
Pressure drop across Stage 2 (in. HjO), P2
Total pressure drop across scrubber unit (in. H20), PT
Scrubber inlet temperature (deg. F), T5
Stage 1 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T6
Stage 2 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T7
Cyclone outlet temperature (deg. F), T8
Recirculated water flow to Stage 1 (gpm), W1
Recirculated water flow to Stage 2 (gpm), W2
Steam pressure (psig), PS
Steam temperature (deg. F), TS
Treated Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(SZ5-104)
Total
(mg/kg)
<1.5
<1.5
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
400,500**
NA
NA
422,000***
DESIGN VALUE
1600-2000
1600-2000
< -0.10
0.25
<.4
25
2000
<4
25
Not controlled
500
80
>0
20-25
20-25
>30
Not controlled
Mot controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
9.5-10.5
5.5-6.5
160-170
370-380
Scrubber Wastewater
(SZ6-104)
(mg/l)
<0.005
<0.005
0.031
0.023
<0.010
8,260
6,290
2,620
25.9***
OPERATING RANGE
1750-1775
1817-1827
(-0.05)-(-0.10)
0.25
1.04-1.12
25
1931-1953
0.76
25
482-490
414
75-80
1.52-1.54
21.0-21.5
21.0
31.5-35.5
200
176
182-185
180-183
10.5
6.6
162-195
372-380
Tables 3-2, 3-3 and 5-6.
* - Not on BOAT List
** - This an average of two results for total solids analysis on same sample.
*** . This an average of four results for total organic carbon analysis on same sample.
NA - Not analyzed.
3-36
-------
TABLE 3-10 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF K102 BY INCINERATION - Sample Set #5
Sample Location
(EPA Sample Number)
Untreated K102 Waste
to incinerator
(SZ4-105)
(mg/kg)
Treated Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(SZ5-105)
Total
(mg/kg)
Scrubber Uastewater
(SZ6-105)
dug/I)
BOAT LIST
Volatile Organics
43 Toluene
215-217 Total Xytenes
Semivolatile Organics
70 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
142 Phenol
NON-BOAT LIST
23
4.5
<194
<194
NO
SAMPLES
<0.005
O.005
0.021
0.015
2-Nitrophenol
Total Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Organic Carbon
740
393,000
NA
MA
214,700
TAKEN
<0.010
8,920
6,210
2,530
30.3**
OPERATING PARAMETERS
DESIGN VALUE
OPERATING RANGE
Incinerator System:
Kiln temperature (deg. F), T1
Kiln exhaust temperature (deg. F), T2
Kiln pressure (in. HjO), KV
Kiln rotational speed (rpm), RS
Natural gas feed rate to kiln (MM Btu/hr), FGK
Natural gas pressure to kiln (psig), PGK
Afterburner temperature (deg. F), T3
Natural gas feed rate to afterburner (MM Btu/hr), FGA
Natural gas pressure to afterburner (psig), PGA
Quench tower temperature (deg. F), T4
Feed rate of K102 to kiln (Ibs/hr), FW
Recirculation pump discharge pressure (psig), P1
Not
1600-2000
1600-2000
< -0.10
0.25
< 4
25
2000
<4
25
controlled
500
80
1780
1837-1843
-0.08
0.25-0.29
1.12
25
1928-1930
0.76
25
491-518
414
75-77
Hydrosonic Scrubber System:
Pressure drop across venturi flow meter (in. H.O), PV
Pressure drop across Stage 1 (in. H_0), P1
Pressure drop across Stage 2 (in. H^O), P2
Total pressure drop across scrubber unit (in. H-0), PT
Scrubber inlet temperature (deg. F), T5
Stage 1 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T6
Stage 2 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T7
Cyclone outlet temperature (deg. F), T8
Recirculated water flow to Stage 1 (gpm), W1
Recirculated water flow to Stage 2 (gpm), W2
Steam pressure (psig), PS
Steam temperature (deg. F), TS
>0
20-25
20-25
>30
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
9.5-10.5
5.5-6.5
160-170
370-380
1.50
21.5
20.5
30.5-31.0
200
176-178
185
182
10.1
6.6
165
375
a - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K102.
Tables 3-2, 3-3 and 5-7.
* - Not on BOAT List
** - This an average of two results for total organic carbon analysis on same sample.
NA - Not analyzed.
3-37
-------
TABLE 3-11 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF K102 BY INCINERATION - Sample Set #6 a
Sample Location
(EPA Sample Number)
Untreated K102 Waste
to incinerator
(SZ4-106)
(mg/kg)
Treated Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(SZ5-106)
Total
(mg/kg)
Scrubber Uastewater
(SZ6-106)
(mg/l)
BDAT LIST
Volatile Organics
43
215-217
70
142
NON-BDAT
*
Toluene
Total Xylenes
Semi volatile Organics
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate
Phenol
LIST
2-Nitrophenol
Total Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Organic Carbon
26
5.3
NO
<184
<184
SAMPLES
870 TAKEN
395,000
HA
NA
216,500
O.005
<0.005
0.012
0.017
<0.010
9,160
6,410
2,370
35.9**
OPERATING PARAMETERS
DESIGN VALUE
Hydrosonic Scrubber System:
OPERATING RANGE
V
Incinerator System:
Kiln temperature (deg. F), T1
Kiln exhaust temperature (deg. F), T2
Kiln pressure (in. H.O), KV
Kiln rotational speed (rpm), RS
Natural gas feed rate to kiln (MM Btu/hr), FGK
Natural gas pressure to kiln (psig), PGK
Afterburner temperature (deg. F), T3
Natural gas feed rate to afterburner (MM Btu/hr), FGA
Natural gas pressure to afterburner (psig), PGA
Quench tower temperature (deg. F), T4
Feed rate of K102 to kiln (Ibs/hr), FU
Recirculation pump discharge pressure (psig), P1
1600-2000
1600-2000
< -0.10
0.25
< 4
25
2000
<4
25
Not controlled
500
80
1740
1810-1828
(-0.09)-(-0.12)
0.29
1.08-1.12
25
1971-1976
0.76
25
526-560
389
74-77
Pressure drop across venturi flow meter (in. H-O), PV
Pressure drop across Stage 1 (in. H-0), P1
Pressure drop across Stage 2 (in. HjO), P2
Total pressure drop across scrubber unit (in. H-0), PT
Scrubber inlet temperature (deg. F), T5
Stage 1 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T6
Stage 2 nozzle temperature (deg. F), T7
Cyclone outlet temperature (deg. F), T8
Recirculated water flow to Stage 1 (gpm), W1
Recirculated water flow to Stage 2 (gpm), W2
Steam pressure (psig), PS
Steam temperature (deg. F), TS
>0
20-25
20-25
>30
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
Not controlled
9.5-10.5
5.5-6.5
160-170
370-380
1.50-1.52
21.5-22.0
20.5-21.0
30.5-31.5
200
176-182
185
180-182
9.9-10.5
6.3-6.6
160-190
370-380
Tables 3-2, 3-3 and 5-8.
* - Not on BOAT List
** - This an average of two results for total organic carbon analysis on same sample.
NA - Not analyzed.
3-38
-------
3.3.2 Stabilization of Metals
Stabilization refers to a broad class of treatment processes
that chemically reduce the mobility of hazardous constituents in
a waste. Solidification and fixation are other terms that are
sometimes used synonymously for stabilization or to describe
specific variations within the broader class of stabilization.
Related technologies are encapsulation and thermoplastic binding;
however, EPA considers these technologies to be distinct from
stabilization in that the operational principles are
significantly different.
(1) Applicability and Use of Stabilization
i
Stabilization is used when a waste contains metals that will
leach from the waste when it is contacted by water. In general,
this technology is applicable to wastes containing BOAT list
metals, having a high filterable solids content, low TOG content,
and low oil and grease content. This technology is commonly used
to treat residuals generated from treatment of electroplating
wastewaters. For some wastes, an alternative to stabilization is
metal recovery.
3-39
-------
(2) Underlying Principles of Operation
The basic principle underlying this technology is that
stabilizing agents and other chemicals are added to a waste in
order to minimize the amount of metal that leaches. The reduced
leachability is accomplished by the formation of a lattice
structure and/or chemical bonds that bind the metals to the solid
matrix and, thereby, limit the amount of metal constituents that
can be leached when water or a mild acid solution comes into
contact with the waste material.
There are two principal stabilization processes used; these
are cement based and lime based. A brief discussion of each is
i
s>
provided below. In both cement-based or lime/pozzolan-based
techniques, the stabilizing process can be modified through the
use of additives, such as silicates, that control curing rates or
enhance the properties of the solid material.
i. Portland Cement-Based Process
Portland cement is a mixture of powdered oxides of calcium,
silica, aluminum, and iron, produced by kiln burning of materials
rich in calcium and silica at high temperatures (i.e., 1400°C to
1500°C). When the anhydrous cement powder is mixed with water,
hydration occurs and the cement begins to set. The chemistry
involved is complex because many different reactions occur
depending on the composition of the cement mixture.
3-40
-------
As the cement begins to set, a colloidal gel of indefinite
composition andstructure is formed. Over a period of time, the
gel swells and forms a matrix composed of interlacing, thin,
densely-packed silicate fibrils. Constituents present in the
waste slurry (e.g., hydroxides and carbonates of various heavy
metals, are incorporated into the interstices of the cement
matrix. The high pH of the cement mixture tends to keep metals
in the form of insoluble hydroxide and carbonate salts.) It has
been hypothesized that metal ions may also be incorporated into
the crystal structure of the cement matrix, but this hypothesis
has not been verified.
ii. Lime/Pozzolan-Based Process
i
Pozzolan, which contains finely divided, noncrystalline
silica (e.g., fly ash or components of cement kiln dust), is a
material that is not cementitious in itself, but becomes so upon
the addition of lime. Metals in the waste are converted to
silicates or hydroxides which inhibit leaching. Additives,
again, can be used to reduce permeability and thereby further
decrease leaching potential.
(3) Description of Stabilization Processes
In most stabilization processes, the waste, stabilizing
agent, and other additives, if used, are mixed and then pumped to
a curing vessel or area and allowed to cure. The actual
3-41
-------
operation (equipment requirements and process sequencing) will
depend on several factors such as the nature of the waste, the
quantity of the waste, the location of the waste in relation to
the disposal site, the particular stabilization formulation to be
used, and the curing rate. After curing, the solid formed is
recovered from the processing equipment and shipped for final
disposal.
In instances where waste contained in a lagoon is to be
treated, the material should be first transferred to mixing
vessels where stabilizing agents are added. The mixed material
is then fed to a curing pad or vessel. After curing, the solid
formed is removed for disposal. Equipment commonly used also
includes facilities to store waste and chemical additives. Pumps
can be used to transfer liquid or light sludge wastes to the
mixing pits and pumpable uncured wastes to the curing site.
Stabilized wastes are then removed to a final disposal site.
Commercial concrete mixing and handling equipment generally
can be used with wastes. Weighing conveyors, metering cement
hoppers, and mixers similar to concrete batching plants have been
adapted in some operations. Where extremely dangerous materials
are being treated, remote-control and in-drum mixing equipment,
such as that used with nuclear waste, can be employed.
3-42
-------
(4) Waste Characteristics Affecting Performance
In determining whether stabilization is likely to achieve
the same level of performance on an untested waste as on a
previously tested waste, the Agency will focus on the
characteristics that inhibit the formation of either the chemical
bonds or the lattice structure. The four characteristics EPA has
identified as affecting treatment performance are the presence of
(I) fine particulates, (2) oil and grease, (3) organic compounds,
and (4) certain inorganic compounds.
i. Fine Particulates
For both cement-based and lime/pozzolan-based processes, the
litera.ture states that very fine solid materials (i.e., those
that pass through a No. 200 mesh sieve, 74 urn particle size) can
weaken the bonding between waste particles and cement by coating
the particles. This coating can inhibit chemical bond formation
and decreases the resistance of the material to leaching.
ii. Oil and Grease
The presence of oil and grease in both cement-based and
lime/pozzolan-based systems results in the coating of waste
particles and the weakening of the bonding between the particle
and the stabilizing agent. This coating can inhibit chemical
bond formation and thereby, decrease the resistance of the
material to leaching.
3-43
-------
iii. Organic Compounds
The presence of organic compounds in the waste interferes
with the chemical reactions and bond formation which inhibit
curing of the stabilized material. This results in a stabilized
waste having decreased resistance to leaching. The total organic
carbon content for K101 and K102 nonwastewaters is 267 to 2,130
mg/kg for K101 and 24,200 to 422,000 mg/kg for K102.
iv. Sulfate and Chlorides
The presence of certain inorganic compounds will interfere
with the chemical reactions, weakening bond strength and
prolonging setting and curing time. Sulfate and chloride
compounds may reduce the dimensional stability of the cured
V
matrix, thereby increasing leachability potential..
Accordingly, EPA will examine these constituents when making
decisions regarding transfer of treatment standards based on
stabilization. The amounts of sulfate in K101 and K102
nonwastewaters are 148 to 193 mg/kg and 12 to 55.9 mg/kg,
respectively. Chlorides are present at 8.7 to 11.1 mg/kg in K101
and 71.5 to 103 mg/kg in K102.
(5) Design and Operating Parameters
In designing a stabilization system, the principal
parameters that are important to optimize so that the amount of
3-44
-------
leachable metal constituents is minimized are (1) selection of
stabilizing agents and other additives, (2) ratio of waste to
stabilizing agents and other additives, (3) degree of mixing, and
(4) curing conditions.
(1) Selection of stabilizing agents and other additives.
The stabilizing agent and additives used will determine the
chemistry and structure of the stabilized material and,
therefore, will affect the leachability of the solid material.
Stabilizing agents and additives must be carefully selected based
on the chemical and physical characteristics of the waste to be
stabilized. For example, the amount of sulfates in a waste must
be considered when a choice is being made between a lime/pozzolan
and a Portland1 cement-based system.
In order to select the type of stabilizing agents and
additives, the waste should be tested in the laboratory with a
variety of materials to determine the best combination.
(2) Amount of stabilizing agents and additives. The amount
of stabilizing agents and additives is a critical parameter in
that sufficient stabilizing materials are necessary in the
mixture to bind the waste constituents of concern properly,
thereby making them less susceptible to leaching. The
appropriate weight ratios of waste to stabilizing agent and other
additives are established empirically by setting up a series of
3-45
-------
laboratory tests that allow separate leachate testing of
different mix ratios. The ratio of water to stabilizing agent
(including water in waste) will also impact the strength and
leaching characteristics of the stabilized material. Too much
water will cause low strength; too little will make mixing
difficult and, more importantly, may not allow the chemical
reactions that bind the hazardous constituents to be fully
completed.
(3) Mixing. The conditions of mixing include the type and
duration of mixing. Mixing is necessary to ensure homogeneous
distribution of the waste and the stabilizing agents. Both
undermixing and over-mixing are undesirable. The first condition
results in a nonhomogeneous mixture; therefore, areas will exist
within the waste where waste particles are neither chemically
bonded to the stabilizing agent nor physically held within the
lattice structure. Overmixing, on the other hand, may inhibit
gel formation and ion adsorption in some stabilization systems.
As with the relative amounts of waste, stabilizing agent, and
additives within the system, optimal mixing conditions generally
are determined through laboratory tests. During treatment it is
important to monitor the degree (i.e., type and duration) of
mixing to ensure that it reflects design conditions.
3-46
-------
(4) Curing conditions. The curing conditions include the
duration of curing and 'the ambient curing conditions (temperature
and humidity). The duration of curing is a critical parameter to
ensure that the waste particles have had sufficient time in which
to form stable chemical bonds and/or lattice structures. The
time necessary for complete stabilization depends upon the waste
type and the stabilization used. The performance of the
stabilized waste (i.e., the levels of constituents in the
leachate) will be highly dependent upon whether complete
stabilization has occurred. Higher temperatures and lower
humidity increase the rate of curing by increasing the rate of
evaporation of water from the solidification mixtures. However,
if temperatures are too high, the evaporation rate can be
excessive and result in too little water being available for
completion of the stabilization reaction. The duration of the
curing process should also be determined during the design stage
and typically will be between 7 and 28 days.
(6) Stabilization Performance Data
Performance data for the stabilization of K101 and K102 kiln
ash and precipitated metals from the scrubber waters was not
collected by EPA. Therefore, performance data will be
transferred from the stabilization of waste code F006 (a non-
specific waste from non-specific sources) which is similar based
on waste characteristics affecting performance. Tables 3-12 and
3-47
-------
3-13 present analytical data for K101 and K102 kiln ash. The
kiln ash was analyzed for BOAT list metals and other parameters
that affect the stabilization process. The analytical results
for the treatment of F006 by stabilization are shown in Tables
3-14 and 3-15. Table 3-16 presents the composition data for the
cement kiln dust used in the stabilization process.
3.3.3 Chemical Precipitation
(1) Applicability and Use of Chemical Precipitation
Chemical precipitation is used when dissolved metals are to
be removed from solution.- This technology can be applied to a
wide range of wastewaters containing dissolved BOAT list metals
and other metals as well. This treatment process has been
practiced widely by industrial facilities since the 1940s.
(2) Underlying Principles of Operation
The underlying principle of chemical precipitation is that
metals in wastewater are removed by the addition of a treatment
chemical that converts the dissolved metal to a metal
precipitate. This precipitate is less soluble than the original
metal compound, and therefore settles out of solution, leaving a
lower concentration of the metal present in the solution. The
principal chemicals used to convert soluble metal compounds to
3-48
-------
TABLE 3-12 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED K101 KILN ASH - Sample Sets 2A, 2B, and 1
Sample Location
(EPA Sample Number)
Untreated Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(2A)
TOTAL TCLP
(mg/kg) (mg/l)
Untreated Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(28)
TOTAL TCLP
(mg/kg) (mg/l)
Untreated Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(1)
TOTAL TCLP
(mg/kg) (mg/l)
BOAT
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
171
LISTED
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Si Iver
Thai lium
Vanadium
Zinc
Inorganic
Sulfide
104
360
294
0.56
<0.50
232
554
6.3
<0.1
297
, <0.5
0.86
<1.0
31
173
13.6
0.
0.
0.
<0.
0.
0.
1.
0.
<0.
0.
<0.
<0.
<0.
0.
0.
NA
377
656
485
001
0088
143
30
009
0002
450
005
007
010
014
,323
88
244
288
0.54
<0.50
206
540
7.2
<0.1
265
<0.5
<0.70
<1.0
30
166
16.9
0.
0.
0.
<0
0.
0.
1.
<0.
<0.
0.
<0.
<0.
<0.
0.
0.
NA
462
730
537
.001
0094
127
060
0005
0002
379
010
007
010
020
391
87
355
289
0.52
<0.50
261
417
8.2
<0.1
262
<0.5
<0.70
<1.0
27
132
20.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
<0
<0
0
<0
<0
<0
0
0
NA
.204
.376
.594
.0011
.0051
.232
.030
.005
.0002
.366
.025 '
.007
.010
.025
.293
NON-BOAT LISTED
Chlorides
Sulfate
Total Organic Carbon
8.7
148
267**
NA
NA
NA
11.1
172
795**
NA
NA
NA
11.0
193
2,130**
NA
NA
NA
a - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report, John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma for K101, Table 5-7.
** - This is an average of four results for Total Organic Carbon analysis on same sample.
NA - Not analyzed.
3-49
-------
TABLE 3-13 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED K102 KILN ASH - Sample Sets 1. 2, 3, and 4
Sample Set 1
Total TCLP
(mg/kg) (mg/l)
Untreated Waste
(Kiln Ash)
Sample Set 2 Sample
Total TCLP Total
(mg/kg) (mg/l) (mg/kg)
Set 3
TCLP
(mg/l)
Sample
Total
(mg/kg)
Set 4
TCLP
(mg/l)
BDAT LISTED
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
-> 164
il 165
0 166
167
168
171
NON-BDAT
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Inorganics
Sulfide
LISTED
Chlorides
Sulfate
Total Organic Carbon
369
633
39
<0.1
1.3
32
42
11
0.12
56
8.0
<0.7
<5.0
4.3
24
7.0
83.9
12.0
22,400***
8.02
8.69
0.206
<0.001
0.020
0.019
0.343
<0.005
<0.0002
0.370
<0.050
<0.007
<0.500
<0.004
0.285
NA
NA
NA
NA
349
844
32
<0
1
42
46
10
<0
76
6
<0
<1
3
21
6
89
21
.1
.4
.5
.1
.7
.7
.0
.4
.4
.3
.4
24,200***
" 8.
14.
0.
<0.
0.
0.
0.
<0.
<0.
0.
0.
140
3
218
001
029
0052
103
005
0002
541
054
<0.007
<0.
<0.
0.
NA
NA
NA
NA
200
004
526
1990
1060
30
<0.1
4.2
12
36
<0.5
<0.1
35
7.6
<0.7
<1.0
2.5
12
7.9
103
18.8
36,700***
16.3
17.1
0.273
<0.001
0.059
<0.007
0.048
0.0056
<0.0002
0.383
0.036
<0.007
<0.200
<0.004
0.577
NA
NA
NA
NA
203
1,080
15
<0.1
<0.5
15
8.7
1.7
<0.1
9.1
13
<0.7
<1.0
0.73
2.3
8.7
71.5
55.9
422,000***
9.73
38.3
0.241
<0.001
0.084
0.286
0.0082
<0.005
0.00021
0.428
<0.005
<0.007
<0.100
<0.004
0.214
NA
NA
NA
NA
a - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K102.
*** - This an average of four results for total organic carbon analysis on same sample.
NA - Not analyzed.
Tables 5-3 through 5-6.
-------
TABLE 3-14 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED F006 WASTE
I
01
Total Concentration in Raw Waste Sample - F006 (ppm)
#2 #3 #4 #5 #6
#7
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Silver
Zinc
..
31.3
755
7,030
409
435 989
6.62
1,560 4,020
85.5
67.3
716
--
257
259
38.9
631
..
1.31
--
1,510
88.5
374
9.05
90,200
14.3
720
12,200
160
52
701
5.28
35,900
..
7.28
3,100
1,220
113
19,400
4.08
27,800
--
5.39
42,900
10,600
156
13,000
12.5
120
15.3
5.81
--
17,600
1.69
23,700
8.11
15,700
19.2
--
--
27,400
24,500
5,730
--
322
1 - Wastewater treatment sludge cake - no free liquid.
2 - Site closure excavation mud at auto part manufacturer.
3 - Waste treatment sludge from aircraft overhaul facility.
4 - Zinc electroplating sludge.
5 - Filter cake from electroplating wastewater treatment.
6 - Sludge from treatment of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn plating.
7 - Wastewater treatment sludge from plating on plastics.
8 - Wastewater treatment sludge.
9 - To be provided
Source: CWM Technical Note 87-117.
The waste sample is a mixture of F006 and F007.
The waste sample is a mixture of F006, D006, D007, and D008.
-------
TABLE 3-14 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED F006 WASTE (Continued)
U)
I
Ul
to
TCLP Concentration in Raw Waste Sample - F006 (ppm)
#2 #3 #4 #5 #6
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Silver
Zinc
..
2.21
0.76
368
10.7
0.71 22.7
0.14
0.16 219
1.41
1.13
0.43
--
2.26
1.1
0.20
5.41
..
0.02
--
4.62
0.45
0.52
0.16
2,030
0.38
23.6
25.3
1.14
0.45
9.78
0.08
867
-.
0.3
38.7
31.7
3.37
730
0.12
1,200
--
0.06
360
8.69
1.0
152
0.05
0.62
0.53
0.18
--
483
4.22
644
0.31
650
0.28
--
--
16.9
50.2
16.1
--
1.29
1 - Wastewater treatment sludge cake - no free liquid.
2 - Site closure excavation mud at auto part manufacturer.
3 - Waste treatment sludge from aircraft overhaul facility.
4 - Zinc electroplating sludge.
5 - Filter cake from electroplating wastewater treatment.
6 - Sludge from treatment of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn plating.
7 - Wastewater treatment sludge from plating on plastics.
8 - Wastewater treatment sludge.
9 - To be provided
Source: CWM Technical Note 87-117.
The waste sample is a mixture of F006 and F007.
The waste sample is a mixture of F006, D006, D007, and D008.
-------
TABLE 3-15 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR TREATED F006 WASTE
U)
I
Ul
u>
TCLP Concentration in Treated Sample - F006 (ppm)
#1
Mix Ratio 0.2
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel 0.04
Silver
Zinc 0.03
#2
0.5
..
0.01
0.39
0.25
0.36
0.03
0.05
0.01
#3
0.2
0.33
0.06
0.08
--
0.30
0.23
0.20
0.05
#4
1.0
..
0.01
--
0.15
0.21
0.02
0.03
0.01
IK
0.5
0.23
0.01
0.30
0.27
0.34
0.03
0.04
0.04
#6
0.5
.-
0.01
0.38
0.29
0.36
0.04
0.06
0.03
#7
0.2
..
0.01
1.21
0.42
0.38
0.10
0.05
0.02
#8
0.5
0.27
0.01
--
0.32
0.37
0.04
0.05
0.02
#9
0.5
0.08
--
--
0.46
0.27
0.02
--
<0.01
1 - Wastewater treatment sludge cake - no free liquid.
2 - Site closure excavation mud at auto part manufacturer.
3 - Waste treatment sludge from aircraft overhaul facility.
4 - Zinc electroplating sludge.
5 - Filter cake from electroplating wastewater treatment.
6 - Sludge from treatment of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn plating.
7 - Wastewater treatment sludge from plating on plastics.
8 - Wastewater treatment sludge.
9 - To be provided
The waste sample is a mixture of F006 and F007.
The waste sample is a mixture of F006, D006, D007, and D008.
Source: CWM Technical Note 87-117.
-------
TABLE 3-16 CEMENT KILN DUST COMPOSITION DATA
Constituent
Concentration in mg/l
Composition TCLP/EP* Other Characteristics
Aluminum
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium (total)
Copper
Iron (total)
Lead
Magnes i urn
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Zinc
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
31.000
38
92.7
3.14
31.9
44.8
15,200
156
3,790
O.033
12.6
8.67
4.13
65.6
2300
33,100
41,900
NA
<0.01
2.74
<0.01
0.05
0.16
NA
0.29
NA
<0.001
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.04
NA
NA
NA
Total Sulfide ppm
9? '
Asri content %
Total residue 3 105 c%
Alkalinity as CAO%
pH 10% solution
<8
99.8
100
56.16
12.55
NA - Not reported.
* - In the process of checking with CUM for the type of analysis performed.
Source: Special Waste Analysis Report dated June 15, 1987
provided be Chemical Waste Management, Technical Center.
3-54
-------
the less soluble forms include: lime (Ca(OH)2), caustic (NaOH),
sodium sulfide (Na S), and, to a lesser extent, soda ash
(Na CO_), phosphate, and ferrous sulfide (FeS).
The solubility of a particular compound will depend on the
extent to which the electrostatic forces holding the ions of the
compound together can be overcome. The solubility will change
significantly with temperature; most metal compounds are more
soluble as the temperature increases. Additionally, the
solubility will be affected by the other constituents present in
a waste. As a general rule, nitrates, chlorides, and sulfates
are more soluble than hydroxides, sulfides, carbonates, and
phosphates.
i
*>
An important concept related to treatment of the soluble
metal compounds is pH. This term provides a measure of the
extent to which a solution contains either an excess of hydrogen
or hydroxide ions. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14; with 0
being the most acidic, 14 representing the highest alkalinity or
hydroxide ion (OH ) content, and 7.0 being neutral.
When hydroxide is used, as is often the case, to precipitate
the soluble metal compounds, the pH is frequently monito'red to
ensure that sufficient treatment chemicals are added. It is
important to point out that pH is not a good measure of treatment
chemical addition for compounds other than hydroxides; when
3-55
-------
sulfide is used, for example, facilities might use an
oxidation-reduction potential meter (ORP) .correlation to ensure
that sufficient treatment chemical is used.
Following conversion of the relatively soluble metal
compounds to metal precipitates, the effectiveness of chemical
precipitation is a function of the physical removal, which
usually relies on a settling process. A particle of a specific
size, shape, and composition will settle at a specific velocity,
as described by Stokes' Law. For a batch system, Stokes' law is
a good predictor of settling time because the pertinent particle
parameters remain essentially constant. Nevertheless, in
practice, settling time for a batch system is normally determined
by empirical testing. For a continuous system, the theory of
settling is complicated by factors such as turbulence,
short-circuiting, and velocity gradients, increasing the
importance of the empirical tests.
(3) Description of the Technology
The equipment and instrumentation required for chemical
precipitation varies depending on whether the system is batch or
continuous. Both operations are discussed below; a schematic of
the continuous system is shown in Figure 3-5.
3-56
-------
WASTEWATER
FEED
EQUALIZATION
TANK
TREATMENT
CHEMICAL
FEED
SYSTEM
COAGULANT OR
FLOCCULANT FEED SYSTEM
PUMP
to
I
Ul
ELECTRICAL CONTROLS
WASTEWATER FLOW
MIXER
CLARIFIER
EFFLUENT TO
DISCHARGE OR
SUBSEQUENT
TREATMENT
SLUDGE TO
DEWATERING
FIGURE 3-5 CONTINUOUS CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
-------
For a batch system, chemical precipitation requires only a
feed system for the treatment chemicals and a second tank where
the waste can be treated and allowed to settle. When lime is
used, it is usually added to the reaction tank in a slurry form.
In a batch system, the supernate is usually analyzed before
discharge, thus minimizing the need for instrumentation.
In a continuous system, additional tanks are necessary, as
well as instrumentation to ensure that the system is operating
properly. In this system, the first tank that the wastewater
enters is referred to as an equalization tank. This is where the
waste can be mixed in order to provide more uniformity,
minimizing wide swings in the type and concentration of
constituents being sent to the reaction tank. It is important to
reduce the variability of the waste sent to the reaction tank
because control systems inherently are limited with regard to the
maximum fluctuations that can be managed.
Following equalization, the waste is pumped to a reaction
tank where treatment chemicals are added; this is done
automatically by using instrumentation that senses the pH of the
system and then pneumatically adjusts the position of the
treatment chemical feed valve such that the design pH value is
achieved. Both the complexity and the effectiveness of the
automatic control system will vary depending on the variation in
3-58
-------
the waste and the pH range that is needed to properly treat the
waste.
An important aspect of the reaction tank design is that it
be well-mixed so that the waste and the treatment chemicals are
both dispersed throughout the tank, in order to ensure
commingling of the reactant and the treatment chemicals. In
addition, effective dispersion of the treatment chemicals
throughout the tank is necessary to properly monitor and,
thereby, control the amount of treatment chemicals added.
After the waste is reacted with the treatment chemical, it
flows to a quiescent tank where the precipitate is allowed to
settle and subsequently be removed. . Settling can be chemically
assisted through the use of flocculating compounds. Flocculants
increase the particle size and density of the precipitated
solids, both of which increase the rate of settling. The
particular flocculating agent that will best improve settling
characteristics will vary depending on the particular waste;
selection of the flocculating agent is generally accomplished by
performing laboratory bench tests. Settling can be conducted in
a large tank by relying solely on gravity or be mechanically
assisted through the use of a circular clarifier or an inclined
separator. Schematics of the latter two separators are shown in
Figures 3-6 and 3-7.
3-59
-------
SLUDGE
EFFLUENT
INFLUENT
CENTER FEED CLARIFlER WITH SCRAPER SLUDGE REMOVAL SYSTEM
INFLUENT
EFFLUENT
SLUDGE
RIM FEED - CENTER TAKEOFF CLARIFlER WITH
HYDRAULIC SUCTION SLUDGE REMOVAL SYSTEM
INFLUENT
EFFLUEN'
SLUDGE
RIM FEED - RIM TAKEOFF CLARIFlER
FIGURE 3-6 CIRCULAR CLARFIERS
3-60
-------
INFLUENT
EFFLUENT
FIGURE 3-7
INCLINED PLATE SETTLER
3-61
-------
Filtration can be used for further removal of precipitated
residuals both" in cases where the settling system is
underdesigned and in cases where the particles are difficult to
settle. Polishing filtration is discussed in a separate
technology section.
(4) Waste Characteristics Affecting Performance
In determining whether chemical precipitation is likely to
achieve the same level of performance on an untested waste as a
previously tested waste, we will examine the following waste
characteristics: (i) the concentration and type of the metal(s)
in the waste, Jii) the concentration of suspended solids (TSS),
(iii) the concentration of dissolved solids (TDS), (iv) whether
the metal exists in the wastewater as a complex, and (v) the oil
and grease content. These parameters either affect the chemical
reaction of the metal compound, the solubility of the metal
precipitate, or the ability of the precipitated compound to
settle.
(i) Concentration and type of metals. For most metals,
there is a specific pH at which the metal hydroxide is least
soluble. As a result, when a waste contains a mixture of many
metals, it is not possible to operate a treatment system at a
single pH which is optimal for the removal of all metals. The
extent to which this affects treatment depends on the particular
3-62
-------
metals to be removed, and their concentrations. An alternative
can be to operate multiple precipitations, with intermediate
settling, when the optimum pH occurs at markedly different levels
for the metals present. The individual metals and their
concentrations can be measured using EPA Method 6010.
(ii) Concentration and type of total suspended solids
(TSS). Certain suspended solid compounds are difficult to settle
because of either their particle size or shape. Accordingly, EPA
will evaluate this characteristic in assessing transfer of
treatment performance. Total suspended solids can be measured by
EPA Wastewater Test Method 160.2. The amount of total suspended
solids present,in the K101 and K102 wastewaters are 289 to 1,620
mg/1 and 1,980'to 6,140 mg/1, respectively.
(iii) Concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS).
Available information shows that total dissolved solids can
inhibit settling. The literature states that poor flocculation
is a consequence of high TDS and shows that higher concentrations
of total suspended solids are found in treated residuals. Poor
flocculation can adversely affect the degree to which
precipitated particles are removed. Total dissolved solids can
be measured by EPA Wastewater Test Method 160.1. The amount of
total dissolved solids present in the K101 and K102 wastewaters
are 8,460 to 23,600 mg/1 and 1,930 to 2,620 mg/1, respectively.
3-63
-------
(iv) Complexed metals. Metal complexes consist of a metal
ion surrounded by a group of other inorganic or organic ions or
molecules (often called ligands). In the complexed form, the
metals have a greater solubility and, therefore, may not be as
effectively removed from solution by chemical precipitation. EPA
does not have an analytical method to determine the amount of
complexed metals in the waste. The Agency believes that the best
measure of complexed metals is to analyze for some common
complexing compounds (or complexing agents) generally found in
wastewater for which analytical methods are available. These
complexing agents include ammonia, cyanide, and EDTA. The
analytical method for cyanide is EPA Method 9010. The method for
EDTA is ASTM Method D3113. Ammonia can be analyzed using EPA
»
Wastewater Test Method 350.
(v) Oil and grease content. The oil and grease content of
a particular waste directly inhibits the settling of the
precipitate. Suspended oil droplets float in water and tend to
suspend particles such as chemical precipitates that would
otherwise settle out of the solution. Even with the use of
coagulants or flocculants, the separation of the precipitate is
less effective. Oil and grease content can be measured by EPA
Method 9071.
3-64
-------
(5) Design and Operating Parameters
The parameters that EPA will evaluate when determining
whether a chemical precipitation system is well designed are:
(1) design value for treated metal concentrations, as well as
other characteristics of the waste used for design purposes
(e.g., total suspended solids), (2) pH, (3) residence time,
(4) choice of treatment chemical, and (5) choice of
coagulant/flocculant. Below is an explanation of why EPA
believes these parameters are important to a design analysis; in
addition, EPA explains why other design criteria are not included
in EPA's analysis.
^
(1) Treated and untreated design concentrations. EPA pays
close attention to the treated concentration the system is
designed to achieve when determining whether to sample a
particular facility. Since the system will seldom out-perform
its design, EPA must evaluate whether the design is consistent
with best demonstrated practice.
The untreated concentrations that the system is designed to
treat are important in evaluating any treatment system.
Operation of a chemical precipitation treatment system with
untreated waste concentrations in excess of design values can
easily result in poor performance.
3-65
-------
(2) EH. The pH is important, because it can indicate that
sufficient treatment chemical (e.g., lime) is added to convert
the metal constituents in the untreated waste to forms that will
precipitate. The pH also affects the solubility of metal
hydroxides and sulfides, and therefore directly impacts the
effectiveness of removal. In practice, the design pH is
determined by empirical bench testing, often referred to as "jar"
testing. The temperature at which the "jar" testing is conducted
is important in that it also affects the solubility of the metal
precipitates. Operation of a treatment system at temperatures
above the design temperature can result in poor performance. In
assessing the operation of a chemical precipitation system, EPA
prefers continuous data on the pH and periodic temperature
conditions throughout the treatment period.
(3) Residence time. The residence time is important
because it impacts the completeness of the chemical reaction to
form the metal precipitate and, to a greater extent, amount of
precipitate that settles out of solution. In practice, it is
determined by "jar" testing. For continuous systems, EPA will
monitor the feed rate to ensure that the system is operated at
design conditions. For batch systems, EPA will want information
on the design parameter used to determine sufficient settling
time (e.g., total suspended solids).
3-66
-------
(4) Choice of treatment chemical. A choice must be made as
to what type of precipitating agent (i.e., treatment chemical)
will be used. The factor that most affects this choice is the
type of metal constituents to be treated. Other design
parameters, such as pH, residence time, and choice of
coagulant/flocculant agents, are based on the selection of the
treatment chemical.
(5) Choice of coagulant/flocculant. This is important
because these compounds improve the settling rate of the
precipitated metals and allows for smaller systems (i.e., lower
retention time) to achieve the same degree of settling as a much
larger system.4 In practice, the choice of the best agent and the
required amount is determined by "jar" testing.
(6) Mixing. The degree of mixing is a complex assessment
which includes, among other things, the energy supplied, the time
the material is mixed, and the related turbulence effects of the
specific size and shape of the tank. EPA will, however, consider
whether mixing is provided and whether the type of mixing device
is one that could be expected to achieve uniform mixing. For
example, EPA may not use data from a chemical precipitation
treatment system where an air hose was placed in a large tank to
achieve mixing.
3-67
-------
(6) Chemical Precipitation Performance Data
Performance data for chemical precipitation of K101 and K102
scrubber waters was not collected by EPA. Therefore, performance
data will be transferred from the data obtained for the chemical
precipitation of D004 waste. Tables 3-17 and 3-18 present
analytical data for K101 and K102 scrubber water. The scrubber
water was analyzed for BDAT list metals and other parameters that
affect the precipitation process. The analytical results and
operating data for the treatment of D004 by precipitation are
shown in Tables 3-19 to 3-23.
3-68
-------
TABLE 3-17 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED K101 SCRUBBER WATER
Untreated Scrubber Uater
Sample Set 1
Total
(mg/l)
Sample Set 2
Total
(mg/l)
Sample Set 3
Total
Cmg/t)
Sample Set 4
Total
(mg/l)
BOAT LISTED
Metals
154 Antimony
155 Arsenic
156 Barium
157 Beryllium
158 Cadmium
159 Chromium
160 Copper
161 Lead
162 Mercury
163 Nickel
164 Selenium
165 Silver
166 Thallium
167 Vanadium
168 Zinc
404
426
0.425
<0.001
O.050
1.120
3.170
3.620
0.040
0.649
0.389
0.048
0.377
0.027
10.9
296
504
0.462
<0.001
<0.500
1.71
7.13.
3.87
0.109
1.210
0.121
<0.007
0.167
0.058
19.3
136
307
0.447
<0.001
<0.005
1.16
3.97
2.00
0.069
0.907
<0.050
<0.070
0.056
0.036
13.8
137
91.7
0.480
<0.001
<0.500
0.962
3.56
1.97
0.0057
0.983
<0.500
<0.070
0.037
0.038
14.8
NON-BDAT LISTED
Total Solids 10,400
Total Suspended Solids 1,620
Total Dissolved Solids 8,460
32,000
914
23,600
18,500
289
17,700
22,600
373
21,100
a - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma,
for K101. Tables 5-3 through 5-6.
3-69
-------
TABLE 3-18 ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR UNTREATED K102 SCRUBBER WATER
U)
I
J
O
Sample Set 1
Total
(mg/l)
Sample Set 2
Total
(mg/l)
Untreated Scrubber Water
Sample Set 3 Sample Set 4
Total Total
(mg/l) (mg/l)
Sample Set 5
Total
(mg/l)
Sample Set 6
Total
(mg/l)
BOAT LISTED
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
NON-BDAT
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
LISTED
Total Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
591
341
0.207
<0.010
0.671
0.606
1.120
0.245
0.018
<0.220
0.131
0.007
0.246
0.032
1.280
6.200
1,980
1.930
513
495
0.198
<0.001
0.834
0.372
1.170
0.081
0.022
<0.220
0.170
0.0099
0.370
0.040
1.230
5,130
2,910
2,610
627
641
0.375
<0.001
2.8
0.379
1.220
0.132
0.036
<0.220
0.413
0.011
0.562
0.034
1.340
5,380
4,440
2,550
489
663
0.560
0.0017
0.887
0.410
1.310
0.567
0.053
0.092
0.223
0.013
0.449
0.023
1.460
8,260
6,290
2,620
291
668
0.648
0.0018
0.436
0.606
1.690
0.323
0.036
0.228
0.170
0.016
0.417
0.025
1.850
8,920
6,210
2,530
712
713
0.323
0.002
0.283
0.565
1.490
<0.005
0.041
0.018
0.119
0.014
0.417
0.028
1.790
9,160
6,410
2,370
a - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K102.
Tables 5-3 through 5-8.
-------
TABLE 3-19 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF 0004 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
SAMPLE SET 1
UNTREATED WASTE
Basin #5 Basin #6
TREATED WASTE
BOAT LIST
Metals (mg/l)
154 Antimony
155 Arsenic
156 Barium
157 Beryllium
158 Cadmium
159 Chromium
160 Copper
161 Lead
162 Mercury
163 Nickel
164 Selenium <
165 Silver
166 Thallium
167 Vanadium
168 Zinc
3.740
826
<0.020
0.021
2.990
<0.140
<1.2
0.044
0.019
<0.220
<0.025
<0.120
<0.100
<0.120
0.473
2.9
1,260
0.025
<0.020
3.980
<0.140
<1.200
0.298
0.036
<0.220
<0.050
<0.120
<0.010
<0.120
1.220
<0.640
0.415
<0.200
<0.020
<0.080
<0.140
0.266
<0.005
0.0014
<0.220
<0.050
<0.120
<0.010
<0.120
0.709
Continued
3-71
-------
TABLE 3-19 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF D004 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
(Continued)
SAMPLE SET 1
OPERATING PARAMETERS
Calcium Hydroxide Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
o
Reaction Temperature ( C)
Manganese Sulfate Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH
Amount of Chemical Treatment Added (Ibs)
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
o
Reaction Temperature ( C)
Ferric Sulfate Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH
Amount of Chemical Treatment Added (Ibs)
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
o
Reaction Temperature ( C)
DESIGN VALUE OPERATING RANGE
Basin #5 Basin #6
500 - 5,000 826 1,260
2 - 8 10.94 4.04
1.5:1 Min. 1.5 2.2
15 - 30 25 30
2-5 5 3
8,000 8,850 8,030
11.2 - 11.5 12.18 12.34
Ambient 27.1 28.1
100 - 1,000 143
11.2 - 11.5 12.01
495 495
1.2:1 - 12:1 9.5
30 35
3-5 5
16,200 16,200
8.0 - 8.5 7.39
Ambient 25.6
10 - 100 23.4
8.0 - 8.5 7.42
50 lbs/10 ppm* 100
Arsenic
9:1 8.8
30 30
3-5 5
16,000 15,700
4.4 - 4.6 3.79
Ambient 32.9
*Plant experience is normally used in chemical addition with color of incoming waste being the indicator.
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for Salsbury Laboratories for D004, Tables 3-1 through 3-3.
3-72
-------
TABLE 3-20 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF D004 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
SAMPLE SET 2
UNTREATED WASTE
Basin #5 Basin #6
TREATED WASTE
BOAT LIST
Metals (mg/l)
154 Antimony
155 Arsenic
156 Barium
157 Beryllium
158 Cadmium
159 Chromium
160 Copper
161 Lead
162 Mercury
163 Nickel
164 Selenium
165 Silver
166 Thallium
167 Vanadium
168 Zinc
1.090
427
0.325
<0.020
1.090
<0.140
<0.120
0.075
0.076
<0.220
<0.025
<0.120
<0.010
<0.120
1.000
1.460
960
<0.020
<0.020
3.080
<0.140
<1.200
<0.005
0.142
<0.220
<0.025
<0.120
<0.010
<0.120
0.749
<0.640
2.000
0.032
<0.020
<0.080
<0.140
0.321
0.029
0.0043
<0.220
<0.050
<0.120
0.011
<0.120
1.150
Continued
3-73
-------
TABLE 3-20 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF D004 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
(Continued)
SAMPLE SET 2
OPERATING PARAMETERS
Calcium Hydroxide Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
o
Reaction Temperature ( C)
Manganese Sulfate Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH
Amount of Chemical Treatment Added (Ibs)
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
o
Reaction Temperature ( C)
Ferric Sulfate Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH
Amount of Chemical Treatment Added (Ibs)
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
0
Reaction Temperature ( C)
DESIGN VALUE
500 - 5,000
2 - 8
1.5:1 Min.
15 - 30
2 - 5
8,000
11.2 - 11.5
Ambient
100 - 1,000
11.2 - 11.5
495
1.2:1 - 12:1
30
3 - 5
16,200
8.0 - 8.5
Ambient
10 - 100
8.0 - 8.5
50 Ibs/ 10 ppm*
Arsenic
9:1
30
3 - 5
16,000
4.4 - 4.6
Ambient
OPERATING RANGE
Basin #5 Basin )₯6
427 960
7.06 2.17
4.8 1.5
25 20
3 2
7,950 7,650
12.82 11.96
27.0 35.2
147
11.80
495
11.2
30
5
13,400
8.06
27.6
35.9
7.60
100
6.3
30
5
14,300
4.17
26.4
*Plant experience is normally used in chemical addition with color of incoming waste being the indicator.
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for Salsbury Laboratories for D004, Tables 3-1 through 3-3.
3-74
-------
TABLE 3-21 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF D004 8Y CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
SAMPLE SET 3
UNTREATED WASTE
Basin #5 Basin #6
TREATED WASTE
BOAT LIST
Metals
-------
TABLE 3-21 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF D004 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
(Continued)
SAMPLE SET 3
OPERATING PARAMETERS
Calcium Hydroxide Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
o
Reaction Temperature ( C)
Manganese Sulfate Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH
Amount of Chemical Treatment Added (Ibs)
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
o
Reaction Temperature ( C)
Ferric Sulfate Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH
Amount of Chemical Treatment Added (Ibs)
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
o
Reaction Temperature ( C)
DESIGN VALUE OPERATING RANGE
Basin #5 Basin #6
500 - 5.000 1,280 706
2 - 8 2.01 7.61
1.5:1 Min. 2.0 1.8
15 - 30 25 30
2-5 5 5
8,000 8,700 8,100
11.2 - 11.5 12.09 12.31
Ambient 30.8 41.7
100 - 1,000 205
11.2 - 11.5 12.41
495 495
1.2:1 - 12:1 7.0
30 30
3-5 5
16,200 15,400
8.0 - 8.5 7.34
Ambient 30.9
10 - 100 15.0
8.0 - 8.5 7.17
50 lbs/10 ppm* 100
Arsenic
9:1 13.3
30 30
3-5 5
16,000 16,200
4.4 - 4.6 4.00
Ambient 29.2
*Plant experience is normally used in chemical addition with color of incoming waste being the indicator.
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for Salsbury Laboratories for D004, Tables 3-1 through 3-3.
3-76
-------
TABLE 3-22 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF D004 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
SAMPLE SET 4
UNTREATED WASTE
Basin #5 Basin #6
TREATED WASTE
BOAT LIST
Metals (mg/t)
154 Antimony
155 Arsenic
156 Barium
157 Beryllium
158 Cadmium
159 Chromium
160 Copper
161 Lead
162 Mercury
163 Nickel
164 Selenium
165 Silver
166 Thallium
167 Vanadium
168 Zinc
1.590
1,340
0.270
<0.020
2.860
<0.140
<0.120
0.478
' 0.076
<0.220
<0.025
<0.120
<10
O.120
0.210
3.160
399
0.251
O.020
0.977
<0.140
<0.120
<0.050
0.040
0.220
<0.025
O.120
<0.010
<0.120
0.636
<0.640
0.418
0.035
<0.020
<0.080
<0.140
0.240
<0.010
0.0039
<0.220
<0.050
<0.120
<0.010
<0.120
0.743
Continued
3-77
-------
TABLE 3-22 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF D004 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
(Continued)
SAMPLE SET 4
OPERATING PARAMETERS
Calcium Hydroxide Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
o
Reaction Temperature ( C)
Manganese Sulfate Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH t
Amount of Chemical Treatment Added (Ibs)
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
0
Reaction Temperature ( C)
Ferric Sulfate Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH
Amount of Chemical Treatment Added (Ibs)
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
o
Reaction Temperature ( C)
DESIGN VALUE
500 - 5,000
2 - 8
1.5:1 Min.
15 - 30
2 - 5
8,000
11.2 - 11.5
Ambi ent
100 - 1,000
11.2 - 11.5
495
1.2:1 12:1
30
3 - 5
16,200
8.0 - 8.5
Ambient
10 - 100
8.0 - 8.5
50 lbs/10 ppm*
Arsenic
9:1
30
3 - 5
16,000
4.4 - 4.6
Ambient
OPERATING RANGE
Basin #5 Basin #6
1,340 399
6.46 12.12
2.2 5.8
25 20
3 5
7,280 7,130
11.84 12.86
30.7 26.7
125
12.35
495
10.3
35
3
17,500
7.49
26.8
26.5
7.49
100
7.2
35
5
17,000
4.12
26.2
Plant experience is normally used in chemical addition with color of incoming waste being the indicator.
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for Salsbury Laboratories for D004, Tables 3-1 through 3-3.
3-78
-------
TABLE 3-23 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF D004 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
SAMPLE SET 5
UNTREATED WASTE
Basin #5 Basin #6
TREATED WASTE
BOAT LIST
Metals (nig/ 1)
154 Antimony
155 Arsenic
156 Barium
157 Beryllium
158 Cadmium
159 Chromium
160 Copper
161 Lead
162 Mercury
163 Nickel
164 Selenium
165 Silver
166 Thallium
167 Vanadium
168 Zinc
0.640
1,670
0.509
<0.020
3.640
<0.140
<0.120
0.371
V 0.0034
<0.22?
<0.025
<0.120
<10
<0.120
0.164
3.410
717
0.226
<0.020
1.500
<0.140
<0.120
0.197
0.139
<0.220
0.025
<0.120
<10
<0.120
0.974
<0.640
0.440
0.037
<0.020
<0.080
<0.140
0.506
<0.025
0.0061
<0.220
<0.100
<0.120
<0.010
<0.120
1.710
Continued
3-79
-------
TABLE 3-23 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND OPERATING DATA FOR TREATMENT OF 0004 BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
(Continued)
SAMPLE SET 5
OPERATING PARAMETERS
Calcium Hydroxide Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
o
Reaction Temperature ( C)
Manganese Sulfate Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH t
Amount of Chemical Treatment Added (Ibs)
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Floccutant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
o
Reaction Temperature ( C)
Ferric Sulfate Precipitator:
Incoming Waste Arsenic Content (ppm)
Untreated Waste pH
Amount of Chemical Treatment Added (Ibs)
Molar Ratio of Treatment Chemical
to Arsenic
Mixing Time (min)
Amount of Flocculant Added (gal)
Waste Volume (gal)
Treated Waste pH
o
Reaction Temperature ( C)
DESIGN VALUE
500 - 5,000
2 - 8
1.5:1 Min.
15 - 30
2 - 5
8,000
11.2 - 11.5
Ambient
100 - 1,000
11.2 - 11.5
495
1.2:1 - 12:1
30
3 - 5
16,200
8.0 - 8.5
Ambient
10 - 100
8.0 - 8.5 :
50 lbs/10 ppm*
Arsenic
9:1
30
3 - 5
16,000
4.4 - 4.6
Ambi ent
OPERATING RANGE
Basin #5 Basin #6
1,670 717
1.79** 6.97
1.3 2.1
25 30
3 5
7,280 7,130
12.02 11.86
20.0 48.0
302
11.93
495
4.7
30
5
15,700
7.02
33.7
107.0
7.34
250
4.7
40
5
16,000
3.91
31.5
*Plant experience is normally used in chemical addition with color of incoming waste being the indicator.
**This value was measured on a sample taken directly from the feed line to the basin.
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for Salsbury Laboratories for D004, Tables 3-1 through 3-3.
3-80
-------
4. IDENTIFICATION OF BEST DEMONSTRATED AVAILABLE TREATMENT
TECHNOLOGY FOR K101 AND K102
This section describes how the data collected by the Agency
was evaluated to determine which demonstrated treatment
technology system represents BOAT for waste codes K101 and K102.
The previous section described applicable and demonstrated
treatment technologies for waste codes K101 and K102, and the
available performance data for these technologies. The
demonstrated treatment technology under consideration for
nonwastewaters is rotary kiln incineration and metals
stabilization of the kiln ash. The demonstrated treatment
technology under consideration for wastewaters is chemical
precipitation and metals stabilization of the nonwastewater
precipitate. As discussed in Section 3, the Agency collected
performance data for the treatment of K101 and K102
nonwastewaters from one treatment technology system: rotary kiln
incineration. No additional performance data were available for
the treatment of K101 and K102 wastewaters or nonwastewaters.
The topics covered in this section include descriptions of
the data screening process employed, the methods used to ensure
accuracy of the analytical data, and the analysis of variance
(ANOVA) tests performed in identifying the best technology for
the treatment of K101 and K102 wastes.
4-1
-------
In general, performance data are screened according to the
following three conditions:
o proper design and operation of the treatment system;
o the existence of quality assurance/quality control
measures in the data analysis; and
o the use of proper analytical tests in assessing
treatment performance.
Sets of performance data which do not meet these three
conditions are not considered in the selection of BOAT. In
addition, if performance data indicate that the treatment system
was not well-designed and well-operated at the time of testing,
these data would also not be used.
t
The remaining performance data are then corrected to account
for incomplete recovery of certain constituents during the
analyses. Finally, in cases where the Agency has adequate
performance data for treatment of the waste by more than one
technology, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test is used to
select the best treatment technology.
4.1 Review of Performance Data
4.1.1 Nonwastewaters
Six data sets were collected by the Agency for treatment of
waste code K102 and four data sets were collected by the Agency
for treatment of K101, both by rotary kiln incineration. These
4-2
-------
data sets are provided in Tables 3-1 through 3-12 in the
preceding section. The data sets were evaluated to determine
whether any of the data represented poor design or operation of
the treatment systems. None of the data sets were deleted after
evaluation. Of the six data sets in K102, insufficient ash was
generated for sample sets 5 and 6. No ash was generated out of
the four data sets in K101. Therefore, three ash samples from
the kiln walls were substituted for the treated waste samples in
K101. Insufficient ash was generated during the incineration of
K101 and K102, therefore, stabilization of the ash could not be
performed. In addition, no performance data were available for
treatment of the resulting scrubber water.
Performance data were not collected for metals stabilization
of the incinerator ash or the scrubber water precipitate for K101
and K102. The Agency will, therefore, consider performance data
for K101 and K102 which has been transferred from similar wastes
based on waste characteristics affecting performance. The
available data collected by the Agency for F006 was used as
performance data for stabilization of the K101 and K102
incinerator ash and precipitate residuals. These data were
evaluated to determine whether any of the data represented poor
design or operation of the system. Nine of the available data
sets were used for the development of treatment standards for
nonwastewaters from K101 and K102.
4-3
-------
Performance data for stabilization of the kiln ash can be found
in the Background Document for F006.
4.1.2 Wastewaters
Performance data was not collected for chemical
precipitation of K101 and K102 wastewaters. Five data sets from
the treatment of D004 were collected by the Agency for chemical
precipitation. The five data sets for D004 were transferred to
the resulting K101 and K102 scrubber water based on waste
characteristics affecting performance. None of the data sets in
D004 were deleted due to poor design or operation of the
treatment system during the time data were being collected.
t
Performance data for chemical precipitation of the scrubber
waters can be found in the Onsite Engineering Report for waste
characterized as EPA hazardous waste number, D004.
4.2 Accuracy Correction of Performance Data
After data were eliminated from consideration for analysis
of BOAT based on the screening tests, the Agency adjusted the
data using analytical recovery values. Recovery values take into
account analytical interferences and incomplete recoveries
associated with the chemical makeup of the sample. The recovery
values are listed in Appendix B. The Agency developed the
recovery data (also referred to as accuracy data), by first
4-4
-------
analyzing a waste for a given constituent and then adding a known
amount of the same constituent (i.e., spike) to the waste
material. The total amount recovered after spiking, minus the
initial concentration in the sample, divided by the amount added,
is the recovery value. At least two recovery values were
calculated for spiked constituents, and the analytical data were
adjusted for accuracy using the lowest recovery value for each
constituent. This was accomplished by calculating an accuracy
factor from the percent recoveries for each selected constituent.
The reciprocal of the lower of the two recovery values multiplied
by 100, yields the accuracy factor. The corrected concentration
for each sample set is obtained by multiplying the accuracy
factor by the raw data value. Should the corrected value be
lower than the' detection limit1, the detection limit value is
substituted for the corrected value.
In instances where a selected constituent was not detected
in the treated waste, the treated value for that constituent was
assumed to be the detection limit. The detection limit is
corrected in the same manner as described above with one
exception: the detection limit is not corrected to a value lower
than the detection limit. The EPA does not consider values lower
1. A detection limit is defined as the practical quantification
limit, PQL, that is five times the method detection limit
achievable when using an EPA-approved analytical method
specified for a particular analysis (i.e., constituent of
interest) in SW-846, 3rd Edition (USEPA 1986a).
4-5
-------
than the detection limit to be valid. The recovery values used
and accuracy factors calculated for the selected constituents are
presented in Appendix D.
An arithmetic average value, representing the treated waste
concentration, was calculated for each selected constituent from
the corrected values. The accuracy corrected data, averages and
variability factors are presented in Tables 6-1 and 6-2 for
nonwastewaters and in Table 6-3 for wastewaters. Thes.e adjusted
values for the treatment technology systems consisting of rotary
kiln incineration followed by stabilization of the kiln ash and
chemical precipitation of the scrubber water followed by
stabilization pf the precipitate were then used to determine BOAT
for waste code's K101 and K102.
4.3 Statistical Comparison of Performance Data
In cases where the Agency has adequate performance data on
treatment of the same or similar wastes using more than one
technology, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test is performed to
determine if one of the technologies provides significantly the
best treatment compared to the others. In cases where a
particular treatment technology is shown to provide the best
treatment, the treatment standards will be based on this best
technology.
4-6
-------
4.4 BDAT for K101/K102 Wastes
In the case of K101 and K102 wastes, the Agency does not
have performance data for any demonstrated technology beyond
rotary kiln incineration followed by stabilization of the kiln
ash and chemical precipitation of the scrubber water followed by
stabilization of the precipitate. The Agency therefore has no
reason to believe that the levels of performance achieved by this
technology can be improved upon. Thus, the Agency has determined
that performance achieved by incineration followed by
stabilization of the kiln ash and chemical precipitation of the
scrubber water followed by stabilization of the precipitate
represents BDAT.
.
Rotary k'iln incineration and metals stabilization is judged
to be available to treat K101 and K102 nonwastewaters. Chemical
precipitation is judged to be available to treat K101 and K102
wastewaters.
The Agency believes these technologies to be available
because: (1) these technologies are commercially available; and
(2) these technologies provide a substantial reduction in the
leachable levels of BDAT list constituents present in waste K101
and K102.
4-7
-------
5. SELECTION OF REGULATED CONSTITUENTS
In the previous section, the best demonstrated available
technology (BOAT) for treating waste codes K101 and K102 was
determined to be incineration followed by metals stabilization of
the kiln ash and chemical precipitation of the scrubber water
followed by metals stabilization of the precipitate. In this
section, the necessary constituents are identified for assuring
the most effective treatment of the waste. This is done by
following a three-step procedure:
o identifying the BDAT list constituents found in both
the untreated and treated waste;
o evaluating effectiveness of the treatment, and
o selecting the regulated constituents.
As discussed in Section 1, the Agency has developed a target
list of hazardous constituents (Table 1-1) from which the
constituents to be regulated are selected. The list is a
"growing list" that does not preclude the addition of new
constituents as additional key parameters are identified. The
list is divided into the following categories: volatile
organics, semivolatile organics, metals, inorganics other than
metals, organochlorine pesticides, phenoxyacetic acid herbicides,
organophosphorous pesticides, PCBS, and dioxins and furans.
5-1
-------
5.1 BOAT List Constituents Detected in the Untreated and Treated
Waste
Using EPA-collected data, the Agency identified those
constituents that were detected in the untreated waste and the
waste treated by incineration. EPA collected four sets of data
at one facility for waste code K101 (see the Onsite Engineering
Report for K101 for more details) to evaluate the treatment of
waste code K101 by incineration.1 All four data sets were used
to identify the constituents detected in the untreated waste and
three ash samples were used to identify constituents in the
treated waste. EPA also collected six sets of data at this
facility for waste code K102 (see the Onsite Engineering Report
for K102 for m6re details) to evaluate the treatment of waste
code K102 by incineration.1 All six data sets were used to
identify the constituents detected in the untreated waste, and
four of the six data sets were used to identify constituents
detected in the treated waste. The detection limits for the BOAT
list of constituents for K101 and K102 are presented in
Appendix C.
Data for stabilization of kiln ash and scrubber water
precipitate will be transferred from the treatment of EPA
hazardous waste number, F006. Data for chemical
precipitation of the scrubber waters will be transferred
from the treatment of EPA hazardous waste number, D004
(wastes which exhibited characteristics for EP toxicity for
arsenic).
5-2
-------
Tables 5-1 and 5-2 presents the BDAT list as discussed in
Section 1. It indicates which of the BDAT list constituents were
analyzed in the untreated and treated waste for K101 and K102.
As shown in Table 5-1, the following constituents were
detected in the untreated waste K101: acetone, toluene,
2-nitroaniline, antimony, arsenic, barium, chromium, copper,
lead, mercury, nickel, silver, vanadium, zinc, fluoride, and
sulfide. The following constituents were detected after
incineration of the K101 waste in the kiln ash: antimony,
arsenic, barium, beryllium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel,
silver, vanadium, zinc, and sulfide.
.
The following constituents were detected in the scrubber
waters generated from incineration: bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate,
antimony, arsenic, barium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury,
nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, vanadium, and zinc.
As shown in Table 5-2, the following constituents were
detected in the untreated waste K102: toluene, 2-nitrophenol,
total xylenes, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium,
chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, thallium,
vanadium, zinc, cyanide, fluoride, and sulfide. The following
constituents were detected in the kiln ash after incineration of
in the K102 waste: antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium,
5-3
-------
TABLE 5-1 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated and Treated K101 Waste
Parameter
Untreated
IC101
(mg/kg)
Treated K101
Total TCLP
(mg/kg) (mg/l)
Scrubber
Uastewater
(mg/l)
Volatiles
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylonitri le
Benzene
Bromodich loromethane
Bromomethane
n-Butyl alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene
Ch I orodi bromomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Chloroform
Ch loromethane
3-Chloropropene
1 ,2-Oibromo-3-chloropropane
1 , 2 - D i bromoethane
D i bromomethane
trans- 1,4-Dichloro-2-butene
Dichlorodif luoromethane
1,1-Dichloroethene
1 ,2-Di chloroethane
1 , 1 -Oich loroethylene
trans- 1,2-Dichloroethene
1,2-Dichloropropane
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
cis-1 ,3-Oichloropropene
1,4-Oioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl cyanide
Ethyl ether
Ethyl methacrylate
Ethylene oxide
lodomethane
D
NO
ND
ND
NO
ND
NO
NA
NO
NO
NO
ND
ND
NO
ND
NO
NO
NO
ND
ND
NO
NO
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
NA
NA
ND
NO
NA
ND
ND
ND
D
NO
ND
NO
NO
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
NO
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
NO
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NO
NO
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
NA
NO
ND
NO
NO
NO
ND
ND
NO
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
NO
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
NO
NA
NA
ND
NO
NA
ND
ND
ND
D - This constituent was detected.
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
ND - This constituent was not detected.
Cont i nued
5-4
-------
TABLE 5-1 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated and Treated K101 Waste (Continued)
Untreated
Parameter K101
(mg/kg)
Treated K101
Total TCLP
(mg/kg) (mg/l)
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
Volatiles (continued)
33
228
34
229
35
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
231
50
215
216
217
Isobutyl alcohol
Hethanol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl methacrylate
Methylacrylonitrile
Methylene chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
1,1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 , 2 , 2- Tet rach loroethane
Tet rach loroethene
Toluene
Tribromomethane
1, 1,1-Trichloroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
T r i ch loromonof luromethane
1 ,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,1 ,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trif luoroethanw
Vinyl chloride
1,2-Xylene
1,3-Xylene
1,4-Xylene
NO
NA
ND
NA
NO
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
D
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
ND
NA
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
NA
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
Semivolatiles
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
218
60
61
62
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminof luorene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Aniline
Anthracene
Aramite
Benz(a)anthracene
Benzal chloride
Benzenethiol
Benzidine
Benzo(a)pyrene
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
ND
ND
NO
0 - This constituent was detected.
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
ND - This constituent was not detected.
Continued
5-5
-------
TABLE 5-1 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated and Treated K101 Uaste (Continued)
Parameter
Untreated
K101
(mg/kg)
Treated K101
Total TCLP
(mg/kg) (mg/l)
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
Semivolati les (continued)
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Benzo(b)f luoranthene
Benzo(ghi )perylene
Benzo( k) f I uoranthene
p-Benzoquinone
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
Bis(2-chtoroethyt)ether
Bis(2-chlorotsopropy)ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Butyl benzyl phthlate
2-sec-Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzilate
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
3-Chtoropropionitri le
Chrysene
ortho-Cresol
*
para-Cresol
Cyclohexanone '
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
0 i benzo( a , e ) pyrene
Dibenzo(a, i )pyrene
m-Oichlorobenzene
o-D i ch I orobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-DichlorophenoV
Diethyl phthalate
3f3'-Dimethyoxlbenzidine
p-D i methyl ami noazobenzene
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl phthalate
Oi-n-butyl phthalate
1 , 4 - D i n i t robenzene
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Oinitrophenol
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NA
NA
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NA
NA
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
: NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
0
NO
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NA
NA
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
D - This constituent was detected.
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
NO - This constituent was not detected.
Continued
5-6
-------
TABLE 5-1 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated and Treated K101 Waste (Continued)
Parameter
Untreated
K101
-------
TABLE 5-1 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated and Treated K101 Waste a(Continued)
Parameter
Semivolatiles (cont.)
139 Pentachlorophenol
140 Phenacetin
141 Phenanthrene
142 Phenol
220 Phthalic anhydride
143 2-Picoline
144 Pronamide
145 Pyrene
146 Resorcinol
147 Safrole
1 48 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 - Tet rach I orobenzene
149 2.3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
150 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
151 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
152 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
153 Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate
Metals
154 Antimony
155 Arsenic
156 Barium
157 Beryllium
158 Cadmium
159 Chromium
221 Chromium (hexavalent)
160 Copper
161 Lead
162 Mercury
163 Nickel
164 Selenium
165 Silver
166 Thallium
167 Vanadium
168 Zinc
Inorganics
169 Cyanide
170 Fluoride
171 Sulfide
Untreated
K101
(mg/kg)
ND
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
0
0
0
NO
NO
0
NO
0
D
0
0
NO
0
NO
0
0
NO
D**
D
Treated K101
Total
(mg/kg)
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
D
D
D
D
NO
D
NO
D
D
NO
D
NO
D
NO
D
0
NO
0
D
TCLP
Cmg/l)
NA ,
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
D
D
D
D
D
D
NO
0
0
NO
0
NO
NO
NO
D
0
NA
NA
NA
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
D
D
D
NO
NO
D
ND
D
D
D
D
0
0
D
D
D
ND
D**
D
D - This constituent was detected.
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
ND - This constituent was not detected.
** - Indicates that only sample set 3 was analyzed for this constituent.
Continued
5-8
-------
TABLE 5-1 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated and Treated K101 Waste (Continued)
Parameter
Organochlorine Pesticides
172 Aldrin
173 alpha-BHC
174 beta-BHC
175 delta-BHC
176 gamma- BHC
177 Chlordane
178 ODD
179 DDE
180 DDT
181 Dieldrin
182 Endosulfan I
183 Endosulfan II
184 Endrin
185 Endrin aldehyde
186 Heptachlor
187 Heptachlor epoxide
188 Isodrin
189 Kepone
190 Mehoxychlor
191 Toxaphene
Phenoxyacetic Acid Herbicides
192 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
193 Silvex
194 2,4,5-T
Organophosphorous Insecticides
195 Disulfoton
196 Famphur
197 Methyl parathion
198 Paration
199 Phorate
PCBs**
200 Aroclor 1016
201 Aroclor 1221
202 Aroclor 1232
Untreated
K101
(mg/kg)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
Treated K101
Total
(mg/k9)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
TCLP
(mg/l)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
MA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Scrubber
Uastewater
(mg/l)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NO
ND
ND
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
ND - This constituent was not detected.
Continued
5-9
-------
TABLE 5-1 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated and Treated K101 Waste (Continued)
Parameter
Untreated
K101
(mg/kg)
Treated K101
Total TCLP
-------
TABLE 5-2 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated and Treated K102 Waste
Parameter
Untreated
K102
(rag/kg)
Treated K102
Total TCLP
(mg/kg} (mg/l)
Scrubber
Uastewater
(mg/l)
Volatiles
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
Acetone
Acetonitri le
Acrolein
Acrylonitri le
Benzene
Bromodi ch loromethane
Bromomethane
n-Butyl alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1 ,3-butadiene
Ch lorodi bromomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Chloroform
Ch loromethane
3-Chloropropene
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Dibromomethane
trans-1 ,4-Dichloro-2-butene
Dichlorodif luoromethane
1,1-Oichloroethene
1,2-Oichtoroethane
1,1-Dichloroethylene
t rans - 1 , 2-D i ch I oroethene
1,2-Dichloropropane
trans-1 ,3-Oichloropropene
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
1,4-Dioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl cyanide
Ethyl ether
Ethyl methacrylate
Ethylene oxide
lodomethane
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
NO
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA - This constituent was not analyzed
ND - This constituent was not detected
Continued
5-11
-------
TABLE 5-2 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated and Treated K102 Waste (Continued)
Parameter
Untreated
K102
(mg/kg)
Treated K102
Total TCLP
(mg/kg) (mg/l)
Scrubber
Uastewater
(mg/l)
Volatiles (continued)
33
228
34
229
35
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
231
50
215
216
217
Isobutyl alcohol
Methanol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl methacrylate
Methylacrylonitrile
Methylene chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
1,1, 1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
Tribromomethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1 , 1 , 2- Tr i ch I oroethane
Trichloroethene
Trichloromonof I uromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1, 1,2-Trichloro- 1,2, 2; trif luoroethane
Vinyl chloride
1,2-Xylene
1,3-Xylene
1,4-Xylene
Total Xylenes
ND
NA
ND
NA
NO
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
D
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
D
ND
NA
ND
NA
NO
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
NO
ND
NO
NO
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
NA
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
ND
Semi volatiles
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
218
60
61
62
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminof luorene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Aniline
Anthracene
Aramite
Benz(a)anthracene
Benzal chloride
Benzenethiol
Benzidine
Benzo(a)pyrene
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
NA
ND
NO
NO
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
NO
ND
NO
ND
ND
NA
NO
NA
ND
NO
ND
D - This constituent was detected.
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
ND - This constituent was not detected.
Continued
5-12
-------
TABLE 5-2 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated and Treated K102 Waste (Continued)
Parameter
Untreated
K102
(mg/kg)
Treated K102
Total TCLP
(mg/kg) (mg/l)
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/O
Semivoiati les (continued)
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Benzo(b)f luoranthene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Benzo(k)f luoranthene
p-Benzoquinone
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
Bis(2-ch loroethyt )ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropy)ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl )phthalate
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Butyl benzyl phthlate
2-sec-Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzi late
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
3-Chloropropionitri le
Chrysene
ortho-Cresol ,
para-Cresol
Cyclohexanone
0 i benz( a, h) anthracene
D i benzo< a , e) pyrene
Oibenzo(a, i )pyrene
m- D i ch I orobenzene
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-D i ch I orobenzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
Oiethyt phthalate
3,3' -Dimethyoxlbenzidine
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
3,3' -Dimethylbenzidine
2,4-Oimethylphenol
Dimethyl phthalate
Oi-n-butyl phthalate
1 , 4 - 0 i n i t robenzene
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
ND
MO
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
NO
ND
NO
ND
ND
NA
NA
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
NO
NA
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
NO
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
NO
D
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
NO
NA
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
NA
NA
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
NO
NO
ND
NO
ND
D - This constituent was detected.
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
ND - This constituent was not detected.
Continued
5-13
-------
TABLE 5-2 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated and Treated K102 Waste 8(Continued>
Parameter
Untreated
K102
(mg/kg)
Treated K102
Total TCLP
(mg/kg) (mg/l)
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
Semi'volatiles (cent.)
102
103
104
105
106
219
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
36
121
122
123
124
125
126
***
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-0 initrotoluene
Oi-n-octyl phthalate
Di-n-propytnitrosamine
Oiphenylamine
Oiphenylnitrosamine
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Hexach I orobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
H exach 1 orocyc I opentad i ene
Hexach I oroethane
Hexach I orophene
Hexach I oropropene
tndeno<1,2,3-cd)pyrene
Isosafrole
Hethapyri tene
3-Methycholanthrene
4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)
Methyl methanesulfonate
Napthalene
1 , 4-Naphthoqui none
1-Napthylamine
2-Napthylamtne
p-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethytamine
N- N i trosodimethy I ami ne
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
N-Nitrosomorpholine
N-Nitrosopi peri dine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentach I oroethane
Pentachtoroni trobenzene
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
NO
NO
NO
D
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
MO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NA
NO
***- Not on BOAT List.
D - This constituent was detected.
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
NO - This constituent was not detected.
Cont i nued
5-14
-------
TABLE 5-2 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated and Treated K102 Waste (Continued)
Parameter
Semivolati les (cont.)
139 Pentachlorophenol
140 Phenacetin
141 Phenanthrene
142 Phenol
220 Phthalic anhydride
143 2-Picotine
144 Pronamide
145 Pyrene
146 Resorcinol
147 Safrole
148 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
149 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenot
150 1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
151 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
152 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
153 Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate
Hetals
154 Antimony
155 Arsenic
156 Barium
157 Beryllium
158 Cadmium
159 Chromium
221 Chromium (hexavalent)
160 Copper
161 Lead
162 Mercury
163 Nickel
164 Selenium
165 Silver
166 Thallium
167 Vanadium
168 Zinc
Inorganics
169 Cyanide
170 Fluoride
171 Sulfide
Untreated
K102
(mg/kg)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
D
D
D
D
D
D
ND
D
D
D
D
D
ND
D
D
D
D
D**
D
Treated K102
Total TCLP
(mg/kg) (mg/l)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
D
D
D
ND
D
D
ND
D
D
D
D
D
ND
ND
D
D
D
0**
D
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
D
D
D
ND
D
D
ND
D
D
D
D
D
ND
ND
ND
D
NA
NA
NA
Scrubber
Uastewater
(mg/l)
ND
ND
ND
D
ND
ND
NO
ND
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
D
D
D
D
D
D
ND
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
ND
0**
D
D - This constituent was detected.
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
ND - This constituent was not detected.
** - Indicates that only sample set 3 was analyzed for this constituent.
Continued
5-15
-------
TABLE 5-2 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated and Treated K102 Waste (Continued)
Parameter
Untreated
K102
(mg/kg)
Treated K102
Total TCLP
(mg/kg) (mg/l)
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
Organochlorine Pesticides
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
Aldrin
alpha-BHC
beta-BHC
delta-BHC
gamma-BHC
Chtordane
ODD
DDE
DDT
Dieldrin
Endosulfan I
Endosulfan 11
Endrin
Endrin aldehyde
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
Isodrin
Kepone
Mehoxychlor
Toxaphene
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Phenoxyacetic Acid Herbicides
192
193
194
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Silvex
2.4, 5-T
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Organophosphorous Insecticides
195
196
197
198
199
Disulfoton
Famphur
Methyl para th ion
Paration
Phorate
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
PCBs**
200
201
202
Aroclor 1016
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
ND
ND
NO
NO
ND
NO
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
ND - This constituent was not detected.
Continued
5-16
-------
TABLE 5-2 BOAT List Constituents in Untreated and Treated K102 Waste (Continued)
Parameter
Untreated
K102
(mg/kg)
Treated K102
Total TCLP
(mg/kg) (mg/t)
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
PCBs** (continued)
203
204
205
206
Aroclor 1242
Aroctor 1248
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1260
ND
NO
ND
ND
NO
NO
ND
NO
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
Pi oxins and Furans**
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Hexach I orodi benzof uran
Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Pentachlorodi benzof uran
Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
Tetrachlorodibenzofuran
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
ND
NO
ND
NO
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for K102.
Tables 5-2 through 5-9.
NA - This constituent was not analyzed.
ND - This constituent was not detected.
5-17
-------
copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, vanadium, zinc,
fluoride, and sulfide.
The following constituents were detected in the scrubber
waters generated from incineration: bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate,
phenol, antimony, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper,
lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, vanadium, and
zinc.
Some constituents were detected in the ash and scrubber
water which were not detected in the untreated waste. Organic
constituents detected in the scrubber water but not detected in
the untreated waste had detection limits considerably lower than
f
in the untreated waste. Metal constituents detected in the
treated waste but not detected or lower in concentrations than in
the untreated waste may be present due to lower detection limits
or operating conditions of the kiln. This is the case for both
K101 and K102.
The untreated and treated waste samples were not analyzed
for other classes of BOAT organics (organochlorine pesticides,
phenoxyacetic acid herbicides, and organophosphorus pesticides)
because there is no in-process source of these constituents and
because of the extreme unlikelihood of finding these constituents
at treatable levels in the waste.
5-18
-------
5.2 Constituents Detected in the Untreated Waste But Not
Considered for Regulation
Some BOAT metal constituents, beryllium, mercury, selenium,
silver, thallium, and vanadium, which were detected in the
untreated waste, were not present at treatable levels in the kiln
ash for K101 and K102 waste codes. Therefore, these metals were
not selected as regulated constituents for kiln ash
nonwastewaters of K101 and K102.
Metal constituents present in K101 and K102 scrubber water
that were not selected for regulation in the wastewaters are as
follows: barium, beryllium, chromium, copper, nickel, selenium,
silver, thallium, vanadium, and zinc. These metals were not
selected because they were not present at treatable levels in the
scrubber water.
The non-metallic inorganic constituents were generally
present in untreatable concentrations in the untreated waste
codes K101 and K102. Also, by comparing the concentration of
cyanide and fluoride in the untreated and treated waste for both
waste codes, the Agency concluded that these two constituents
were not substantially treated. The Agency recognizes that the
sulfide concentration was diminished in the treated waste, but
considers this an incidental treatment since the treatment
technology tested is not demonstrated for the treatment of
sulfides. As a result, the BOAT list inorganic constituents
5-19
-------
(other than metals) in K101 and K102 were eliminated as a class
of BDAT list constituents to be regulated in waste codes K101 and
K102.
The remaining two classes of constituents, namely, volatiles
and semivolatiles, were generally present at treatable
concentration levels in the untreated waste. Volatiles and
semivolatiles were judged to be substantially treated by
incineration. Only bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was not considered
for regulation since it is believed to be a contaminant due to
sample containerization.
Tables 5-3 and 5-4 list the constituents considered for
regulation by class and waste form. The selection of
constituents is presented below.
5.3 Constituents Selected for Regulation
The Agency evaluated the analytical data for each
constituent to determine if the constituent should be selected
for regulation. In general, the Agency was guided by the
criteria for selecting regulated constituents as described in
Section 1 of this background document. Table 5-5 lists the
constituents selected for regulation by class. The rationale for
selecting the regulated constituents is presented below.
5-20
-------
TABLE 5-3 CONSTITUENTS CONSIDERED FOR REGULATION IN K101
CONSTITUENT
NONWASTEWATERS
WASTEWATERS
Volatile Organics
Acetone
Toluene
X
X
X
X
Semi-Volatile Organics
2-Nitroaniline
X
X
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic '
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Zinc
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
5-21
-------
TABLE 5-4 CONSTITUENTS CONSIDERED FOR REGULATION IN K102
CONSTITUENT
NONWASTEWATERS
WASTEWATERS
Volatile Organics
Toluene
Total Xylenes
X
X
X
X
Semi-Volatile Organics
2-Nitrophenol
Phenol
X
X
X
X
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Zinc
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
5-22
-------
TABLE 5-5 CONSTITUENTS SELECTED FOR REGULATION IN K101/K102
CONSTITUENT NONWASTEWATERS WASTEWATERS
Semi-Volatile Organics
2-Nitroaniline * X X
2-Nitrophenol ** X X
Metals
Arsenic
Antimony
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Zinc
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
* Regulated only in K101.
** Regulated only in K102.
5-23
-------
5.3.1 Nonwastewaters
Volatile and Semivolatile Organics
The non-BDAT constituent 2-nitroaniline was present in
significant concentrations in untreated K101. It was
substantially treated by incineration. Therefore, 2-nitroaniline
was selected as a regulated constituent for K101 organic
nonwastewaters. It was also selected because it will indicate
whether or not the treatment system has substantially reduced
organic constituent concentrations in K101. The boiling point of
2-nitroaniline is 284°C, higher than the other organic
constituents present in untreated K101. Therefore, if
2-nitroaniline is effectively treated by incineration, then other
i
organics present in K101 are also effectively treated.
Acetone and toluene were present at moderate levels in
untreated K101, but were not detected in the treated waste. The
boiling points of acetone and toluene are 56.2°C and 110.6°C,
respectively, which are considerably lower than that of
2-nitroaniline. The Agency also considers the detection limits
for aniline in untreated K101 waste unusually high and believes
aniline was present at moderate levels. The boiling point of
aniline is 184-186°C. Therefore, if 2-nitroaniline is
effectively treated, then acetone, toluene and aniline will also
be treated. As a result, acetone, toluene and aniline will not
5-24
-------
be proposed for regulation at this time. However, treatment
standards have been developed in Section 6.
The constituent that is selected for regulation in K102 as
the indicator for the destruction of organics present in the
waste is 2-nitrophenol. The non-BDAT constituent 2-nitrophenol
was detected in treatable concentrations in untreated K102. It
is was not detected in the treated waste. The boiling point of
2-nitrophenol is 216°C which is higher than the boiling points of
other organic constituents present in untreated K102. Therefore,
the effective treatment of 2-nitrophenol will indicate that
organics present in untreated K102 have also been effectively
treated.
I
Toluene and xylenes were detected at moderate levels in
untreated K102. The boiling points of ortho, meta, and para-
xylenes are 144.4°C, 139.1°C, and 138.3°C, respectively. Toluene
and xylenes will not be selected for regulation because if 2-
nitrophenol is effectively treated, then toluene and xylenes will
also be treated.
Metals
Incineration is not an applicable or demonstrated treatment
of BOAT list metals. The incinerator ash and scrubber water
generated by the incineration process contain treatable
5-25
-------
concentration levels for several metal constituents. The EPA did
not collect data for the stabilization of the BOAT list metals
for K101 and K102. However, nonwastewaters with similar
constituents and characteristics have been effectively treated by
metals stabilization. Therefore, metals stabilization is
believed to effectively treat the metal constituents in K101 and
K102 nonwastewaters.
Selection of metal constituents to be regulated in K101 and
K102 is dependent upon the concentration of the metals in the
incinerator ash. For the purposes of transferring data, the
incinerator ash is considered the untreated waste and the
performance data which is transferred is considered the treated
t
waste. The Klbl and K102 metals concentrations in the ash must
be compared to data for the waste codes that are being considered
for transferring data. Only constituents present and at
treatable levels will be considered for regulation. After a
comparison with several nonwastewaters, F006 metals stabilization
data was transferred to K101 and K102.
Arsenic, antimony and barium will not be regulated in the
K101 and K102 nonwastewaters at this time. The Agency is
investigating other treatment techniques for these three metals.
For K101 and K102 kiln ash nonwastewaters, the other metals
present in the kiln ash at treatable levels for metals
stabilization are cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and
5-26
-------
zinc. The Agency believes that metals stabilization of the kiln
ash will effectively reduce the leachability of the metal
constituents present in the nonwastewaters.
5.3.2 Wastewaters
Volatile and Semivolatile Organics
The two organic indicators, 2-nitroaniline and
2-nitrophenol, selected for K101 and K102 nonwastewaters
respectively, were also selected for the wastewater forms of K101
and K102. The rationale for their selection is the same as the
one discussed for K101 and K102 nonwastewaters. If
2-nitroaniline and 2-nitrophenol are effectively treated by
incineration, then other organics present in the waste will also
be reduced to 'acceptable concentration levels.
5-27
-------
Metals
The BOAT list metal constituents antimony, arsenic, cadmium,
lead, and mercury were present at treatable levels in the
scrubber water for treatment by chemical precipitation. The
Agency believes that chemical precipitation of the scrubber water
for K101 and K102 will effectively treat the metals present at
treatable concentrations. As a result, the five metals listed
above were selected as regulated constituents for waste codes
K101 and K102 wastewaters. At this time the treatment standard
for antimony will be deferred until a suitable waste code has
been selected for the transference of data.
5-28
-------
6. CALCULATION OF TREATMENT STANDARDS
In this section, the actual treatment standards for waste
codes K101 and K102 are presented. These standards were
calculated based on the performance of the demonstrated treatment
system which was determined by the Agency to be the best for
treating both waste codes. In Section 4, BOAT for the listed
waste codes K101 and K102 was determined to be rotary kiln
incineration, followed by stabilization of the resulting ash, and
chemical precipitation of the scrubber water followed by
stabilization of the resulting precipitate. The previous section
identified the constituents proposed for regulation for the
nonwastewater and wastewater forms of K101 and K102 wastes.
«
As discussed in Section 1, the Agency calculated the BOAT
treatment standards for waste codes K101 and K102 by following a
four-step procedure: (1) editing the data; (2) correcting the
remaining data for analytical interference; (3) calculating
adjustment factors (variability factors) to account for process
variability; and (4) calculating the actual treatment standards
using variability factors and average treatment values. The four
steps in this procedure are discussed in detail in Sections 6.1
through 6.4.
6-1
-------
6.1 Editing the Data
6.1.1 Nonwastewaters
Four sets of treatment data for waste code K101 and six
sets of treatment data for waste code K102 were collected by the
Agency from a treatment system consisting of rotary kiln
incineration. Three samples of the treated K101 waste were
collected at the end of the performance test and were analyzed.
Four samples of treated K102 waste were collected during the
performance test and were analyzed. The Agency evaluated the
seven data sets to determine if the treatment system was well
operated at the time of the sampling visit. None of the data
sets were eliminated on the basis of this evaluation.
The performance data used for evaluating metals
stabilization was transferred from F006.
6.1.2 Wastewaters
Five data sets were collected by the Agency from a treatment
system consisting of chemical precipitation for D004. The
performance data were transferred to the wastewaters in K101 and
K102 based upon waste characteristics affecting performance. The
6-2
-------
Agency evaluated the five data sets to determine if the treatment
system was well operated at the time of the engineering visit.
None of the data sets were eliminated on the basis of this
evaluation.
6.2 Correcting the Remaining Data
All data values were corrected in order to take into account
analytical interferences associated with the chemical make-up of
the treated sample. This was accomplished by calculating an
accuracy factor from the percent recoveries for the selected
regulated constituents in K101 and K102. The actual recovery
values and accuracy factors for the selected constituents are
t
presented in Appendix B. The corrected concentration values for
K101 and Kl02 nonwastewaters are shown in Tables 6-1 and 6-2.
The corrected concentration values for K101 and K102 wastewaters
are shown in Table 6-3. The corrected concentration values were
obtained by multiplying the accuracy factors by the concentration
values in the treated waste. Arithmetic average values,
representing the treated waste concentration, were calculated for
all constituents in K101 and K102 from the corrected
concentrations.
6-3
-------
6.3 Calculating Variability Factors
It is expected that in normal operation of a well-designed
and well-operated treatment system there will be some variability
in performance. Based on the test data, a measure of this
variability is expressed by the variability factor. The
methodology for calculating variability factors is explained in
Appendix A of this report. Tables 6-1 through 6-3 present the
results of calculations for the selected constituents in
nonwastewaters and wastewaters. Appendix D of this report shows
how the actual values in Tables 6-1 through 6-3 were calculated.
In instances where a selected constituent was not detected
)
in the treated; waste, the treated value for that constituent was
assumed to be the detection limits. For example, both
2-nitroaniline in K101 and 2-nitrophenol in K102 were not
detected in the incinerator ash or the scrubber water, and
concentration values for the incinerator ash and scrubber water
were set at their detection limits. This resulted in no apparent
variation among the treated values and a calculated variability
factor of 1.0. A variability factor of 1.0 represents test data
from a process measured without variation and analytical
interferences. Instead of using the calculated value of 1.0, the
variability factors for 2-nitroaniline and 2-nitrophenol were
fixed at 2.8 as justified in Appendix A of this document.
6-4
-------
Table 6-1 Regulated Constituents and Calculated Treatment Standards for Organics in K101 and K102 Nonwastewaters
(TV
I
01
Accuracy-Corrected Concentration (mg/kg)
Sample Sample Sample Sample
BOAT Constituent Set #1 Set #2 Set #3 Set #4
K101 REGULATED CONSTITUENTS
Volatile
*Acetone 1 0.010 0.010 0.010
*Toluene 0.005 0.005 0.005
Semi volatile
*Aniline 2 1.050 1.050 1.050
*** 2-Nitroaniline 5.000 5.000 5.000
K102 REGULATED CONSTITUENTS
Volatile
*Toluene 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500
Motal Xylenes 1 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500
Semivolati le
*** 2-Nitrophenol 3 4.760 4.760 4.760 4.760
Phenol 1.640 1.640 1.640 1.640
Average
Treated
Waste Variability
Concentration Factor
(mg/kg) (VF)
0.010 2.80
0.005 2.80
1.050 2.80
5.000 2.80
1.500 2.80
1.500 2.80
4.760 2.80
1.640 2.80
Treatment
Standard
(mg/kg)
(Average
x VF)
0.028
0.014
2.940
14.000
4.200
4.200
13.328
4.592
a - Accuracy Correction Factors and Variability Factors were determined as discussed in Appendix A.
* - Not proposed for regulation.
*** - Not on BOAT List.
1 - The average percent recovery for volatiles was used in the calculation of the this standard.
2 - The average percent recovery for semivolatiles was used in the calculation of the this standard.
3 - Percent recovery of 4-Nitrophenol was used in the calculation of the standard for 2-Nitrophenol.
-------
Table 6-2 Regulated Constituents and Calculated Treatment Standards for Inorganics in K101 and K102 Nonwastewaters
I
a\
Antimony
Average
concentration
Variability
factor
Treatment **
standard
Accuracy Corrected Constituents Concentrations in Treated Leachate (mg/l)
Arsenic Barium Cadmium Chromium Copper Lead Nickel
0.01 0.46 0.27 0.39
0.06 0.09 0.16 0.34
0.01 - 0.29 0.23
0.01 0.35 0.31 0.37
0.01 0.44 0.45 0.39
0.01 1.4 0.35 0.41
0.01 - 0.50 0.40
0.29
0.017 0.55 0.33 0.35
3.9 6.9 2.2 1.5
** ** 0.066 3.8 0.71 0.53
0.04
0.03
0.26
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.11
0.04
0.02
0.066
4.7
0.31
Zinc
0.03
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.024
3.6
0.086
- Deferred for proposed regulation until later date.
-------
Table 6-3 Regulated Constituents and Calculated Treatment Standards for K101 and K102 Wastewaters
BOAT Constituent
Semivolati les
* 1
***2-Nitroaniline
* 2
***2-Nitrophenol
Metals
Antimony
a\
«j Arsenic
Cadmium
Lead
Mercury
Average
Accuracy-Corrected Concentration (mg/l) Treated
Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Waste Variability
Set #1 Set #2 Set #3 Set #4 Set #5 Set #6 Concentration Factor
(mg/l) (VF)
0.095 0.095 0.095 0.095 --- --- 0.095 2.80
0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 2.80
0.291 1.400 0.359 0.293 0.308 --- 0.530 3.842
0.085 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.085 --- 0.085 2.80
0.006 0.035 0.030 0.012 0.030 --- 0.023 4.783
0.001 0.004 0.009 0.004 0.006 --- 0.005 2.80
Treatment
Standard
(mg/l)
(Average
x VF)
0.266
0.028
**
2.036
0.238
0.110
0.027
* - 2-Nitroaniline is proposed for regulation in K101 only. 2-Nitrophenol is proposed for regulation in K102 only.
** - Deferred for proposed regulation until later date.
*** - Not on BOAT List.
1 - The average percent recovery of all semivolatiles was used in the calculation of the standard for 2-Nitroaniline.
2 - Percent recovery of 4-Nitrophenol was used in the calculation of the standard for 2-Nitrophenol.
3 - Performance data for metals were transferred from D004 (see Section 5 of the Onsite Engineering Report for D004).
-------
6.4 Calculating the Treatment Standards
The treatment standards for the selected constituents were
calculated by multiplying the variability factors by the average
concentration values for the treated waste. The treatment
standards for K101/K102 nonwastewaters are presented in Tables
6-1 and 6-2. The treatment standards for K101/K102 wastewaters
are presented in Table 6-3.
6.4.1 Nonwastewaters
No performance data were available for the treatment of
metals in K101 and K102 nonwastewaters. The Agency, therefore,
1
decided to transfer performance data from the treatment, of wastes
which were determined to be similar to K101 and K102
nonwastewaters based on waste characteristics affecting
performance. The nonwastewater performance data for K101 and
K102 were transferred from treatment data for EPA hazardous waste
code F006. Table 6-2 provides treatment standards for proposed
regulated constituents in F006. The concentrations of metals in
the untreated F006 waste were compared to metal concentrations in
K101/K102 nonwastewaters. Data from F006 were transferred on a
metal-specific basis, provided the concentration of metal in the
untreated F006 was greater than in the untreated K101 and K102.
In this manner performance data were transferred for six out of
nine proposed metals in K101 and K102 nonwastewaters. They are
6-8
-------
as follows: cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc.
Performance data for the three deferred metals, antimony,
arsenic, and barium were not transferred from F006 because either
the constituents existed at much higher concentrations in the
untreated K101 and K102 nonwastewaters than in untreated F006
nonwastewater or because F006 performance data did not show
significant treatment. The Agency is investigating other
treatment techniques for these three metals, and is reserving the
antimony, arsenic and barium standards for a future date.
The BDAT nonwastewater treatment standards for waste code
K101 and K102 are as follows:
Constituent
2-nitroaniline*
2-nitrophenol**
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Total Composition
(mg/kg)
14.000
13.328
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
TCLP
(mg/1)
N/A
N/A
deferred
deferred
deferred
0.066
3.8
0.71
0.53
0.31
0.086
N/A = Not Applicable
* Regulated in K101 only
** Regulated in K102 only
6-9
-------
The Agency has also calculated treatment standards for BOAT
list organics which are present in untreated K101 in lower
concentrations than 2-nitroaniline, and in untreated K102 which
are present at lower concentrations than 2-nitrophenol (see Table
6-1). These calculated standards are as follows:
Organic Constituent
TREATMENT STANDARD
K101 K102
(mg/kg) (mg/kg)
Acetone
Toluene
Aniline
Total Xylenes
Phenol
0.028
0.014
2.940
NR
NR
NR
4.200
NR
4.200
4.592
NR = Not regulated since it is not present at treatable levels.
If the Agency considers regulating BOAT list organics which
are present in untreated K101 and K102 at lower concentration
levels than 2-nitroaniline and 2-nitrophenol, then acetone,
toluene, and aniline in K101, and toluene, total xylenes, and
phenol in K102 would be the constituents under consideration.
6.4.2 Wastewaters
No performance data were available for the treatment of K101
and K102 wastewaters. The Agency, therefore, decided to transfer
performance data from the treatment of wastes which were
determined to be similar to K101 and K102 wastewaters based on
6-10
-------
waste characteristics affecting performance. The wastewater
performance data for waste codes K101 and K102 were transferred
from treatment data for D004. Table 6-3 provides treatment
standards for proposed regulated metals in D004. The
concentrations of metals in the untreated characteristic waste
D004 and K101/K102 wastewaters were compared, and performance
data from D004 were transferred to K101 and K102 on a metal-
specific basis, provided the concentration of the metal in the
untreated characteristic waste D004, was greater than in
untreated K101 and K102. In this manner performance data were
transferred for four of the five proposed metals in K101 and K102
wastewaters, namely arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury.
Performance data for the other regulated metal in K101 and K102
*
wastewaters, namely antimony, was not transferred from D004
because antimony existed at a much higher concentration in the
untreated K101 and K102 wastewaters than in untreated D004
wastewaters.1 Therefore, the Agency reserves the antimony
standard for a future date.
1. Onsite Engineering Report for Salsbury Laboratories for
D004. Section 5.
6-11
-------
The BDAT wastewater treatment standards for K101 and K102
are as follows:
Constituent Total Composition (mg/1)
2-Nitroaniline 0.266
2-Nitrophenol 0.028
Antimony deferred
Arsenic 2.036
Cadmium 0.238
Lead 0.110
Mercury 0.027
6-12
-------
7.0 REFERENCES
U.S. EPA. (1988). Onsite Engineering Report of Treatment
Technology Performance and Operation for John Zink Company
for K101 - Tulsa, OK.
U.S. EPA. (1988). Onsite Engineering Report of Treatment
Technology Performance and Operation for John Zink Company
for K102 - Tulsa. OK.
U.S. EPA. (1988). Onsite Engineering Report of Treatment
Technology Performance and Operation for Salsbury
Laboratories - Charles City, IA.
U.S. EPA. (1988). BOAT Background Document for F006.
REFERENCES - INCINERATION
Ackerman D.G., J.F. McGaughey, D.E. Wagoner, "At Sea Incineration
of PCB-Containing Wastes on Board the M/T Vulcanus." USEPA
600/7-83-024, April 1983.
i
Bonner T.A., e,t al., Engineering Handbook for Hazardous Waste
Incineration. SW889. Prepared by Monsanto Research
Corporation for U.S. EPA, NTIS PB 81-248163. June 1981.
Mitre Corp. "Guidance Manual for Waste Incinerator Permits."
NTIS PB84-100577. July 1983.
Novak R.G., W.L. Troxler, T.H. Dehnke, "Recovering Energy from
Hazardous Waste Incineration." Chemical Engineering
Progress 91:146 (1984).
Oppelt E.T., "Incineration of Hazardous Waste." JAPCA, Volume
37, No. 5. May 1987.
Santoleri J.J., "Energy Recovery-A By-Product of Hazardous Waste
Incineration Systems." In Proceedings of the 15th Mid-
Atlantic Industrial Waste Conference on Toxic and Hazardous
Waste, 1983.
USEPA (1986). Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
Background Document for F001-F005 Spent Solvents. Vol. 1.
EPA/530-SW-86-056, November, 1986.
7-1
-------
Vogel G. , et al., "Incineration and Cement Kiln Capacity for
Hazardous Waste Treatment." In Proceedings of the 12th
Annual Research Symposium. Incineration and Treatment of
Hazardous Wastes. Cincinnati, Ohio. April 1986.
REFERENCES - METALS STABILIZATION
Ajax Floor Products Corp. n.d. Product literature: technical
data sheets, Hazardous Waste Disposal System. P.O. Box 161,
Great Meadows, N.J. 07838.
Austin, G.T. 1984. Shreve's Chemical Process Industries, 5th ed.
New York: McGraw-Hill.
Bishop, P.L., S.B. Ransom, and D.L. Grass. 1983. "Fixation
Mechanisms in Solidification/Stabilization of Inorganic
Hazardous Wastes." In Proceedings of the 38th Industrial
Waste Conference, 10-12 May 1983, at Purdue University, West
Lafayette, Indiana.
Conner, J.R. 1986. "Fixation and Solidification of Wastes."
Chemical Engineering. Nov. 10, 1986.
Cullinane, M.Ji, Jr., L.W. Jones, and P.G. Malone. 1986.
Handbook for Stabilization/Solidification of Hazardous
Waste. U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station.
EPA Report No. 540/2-86/001. Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
Electric Power Research Institute. 1980. FGD Sludge Disposal
Manual, 2nd ed. Prepared by Michael Baker Jr., Inc. EPRI
CS-1515 Project 1685-1 Palo Alto, California: Electric Power
Research Institute.
Mishuck, E., D.R. Taylor, R. Telles, and H. Lubowitz. 1984.
"Encapsulation/Fixation (E/F) mechanisms." Report No.
DRXTH-TE-CR-84298. Prepared by S-Cubed under Contract No.
DAAK11-81-C-0164.
Pojasek R.B. 1979. "Solid-Waste Disposal: Solidification."
Chemical Engineering 86(17): pp. 141-145.
USEPA. 1980. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. U.S. Army
Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. Guide to the
disposal of chemically stabilized and solidified waste.
Prepared for MERL/ORD under Interagency Agreement No.
EPA-IAG-D4-0569. PB81-181505. Cincinnati, Ohio.
7-2
-------
REFERENCES - CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION
Cherry, Kenneth F. 1982. Plating Waste Treatment. Ann Arbor,
MI; Ann Arbor Science, Inc. pp. 45-67.
Cushnie, George C., Jr. 1985. Electroplating Wastewater
Pollution Control Technology. Park Ridge, NJ; Noyes
Publications, pp. 48-62, 84-90.
Cushnie, George C., Jr. 1984. Removal of Metals from Wastewater;
Neutralization and Precipitation. Park Ridge, NJ; Noyes
Publications, pp. 55-97.
Gurnham, C.F. 1955. Principles of Industrial Waste Treatment.
New York; John Wiley and Sons. pp. 224-234.
Kirk-Othmer. 1980. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd ed.,
"Flocculation", Vol. 10. New York; John Wiley and Sons.
pp. 489-516.
U.S. EPA, "Treatability Manual," Volume III, Technology for
Control/Removal of Pollutants, EPA-600/2-82-001C, January
1983. pp. 111.3.1.3-2.
7-3
-------
APPENDIX A - STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
A.1 F Value Determination for ANOVA Test
As noted earlier in Section 1.0, EPA is using the
statistical method known as analysis of variance in the
determination of the level of performance that represents "best"
treatment where more than one technology is demonstrated. This
method provides a measure of the differences between data sets.
If the differences are not statistically significant, the data
sets are said to be homogeneous.
If the Agency found that the levels of performance for one
«
or more technologies are not statistically different (i.e., the
data sets are' homogeneous), EPA would average the long term
performance values achieved by each technology and then multiply
this value by the largest variability factor associated with any
of the acceptable technologies. If EPA found that one technology
performs significantly better (i.e., the data sets are not
homogeneous), BOAT would be the level of performance achieved by
the best technology multiplied by its variability factor.
To determine whether any or all of the treatment performance
data sets are homogeneous using the analysis of variance method,
it is necessary to compare a calculated "F value" to what is
known as a "critical value." (See Table A-l.) These critical
Appendix A-l
-------
values are available in most statistics texts (see, for example,
Statistical Concepts and Methods by Bhattacharyya and Johnson,
1977, John Wiley Publications, New York).
Where the F value is less than the critical value, all
treatment data sets are homogeneous. If the F value exceeds the
critical value, it is necessary to perform a "pair wise F" test
to determine if any of the sets are homogeneous. The "pair wise
F" test must be done for all of the various combinations of data
sets using the same method and equation as the general F test.
The F value is calculated as follows:
1
(i) All data are natural logtransformed.
(ii) The sum of the data points for each data set is
computed (T.).
(iii) The statistical parameter known as the sum of the
squares between data sets (SSB) is computed:
SSB =
'
k
z
i = l
T1 '
ni
' k
I Ti
i-1
_
Z ^j
N J
where:
k = number of treatment technologies
n. = number of data points for technology i
N = number of data points for all technologies
T. = sum of natural logtransformed data points for each
technology.
Appendix A-2
-------
(iv) The sum of the squares within data sets (SSW) is
computed:
SSW =
" k
.1
I1
j-l
X2. .
k
- I
1 = 1
'Ii!'
"i .
where:
x. . = the natural logtransformed observations (j) for
lfJ treatment technology (i).
(v) The degrees of freedom corresponding to SSB and SSW are
calculated. For SSB, the degree of freedom is given by
k-1.' For SSW, the degree of freedom is given by N-k.
W
(vi) Using the above parameters, the F value is calculated
as follows:
where:
MSB = SSB/(k-l) and
MSW = SSW/(N-k).
MSB
F = MSW
Appendix A-3
-------
4.
shown below.
computational table summarizing the above parameters is
elow.
Computational Table for the F Value
Source
Between
Within
Degrees of
freedom
K-l
N-k
Sum of
squares
SSB
SSW
Mean
MSB =
MSW =
square
SSB/k-1
SSW/N-k
F
MSB/MSW
Below are1three examples of the ANOVA calculation. The
£>
first two represent treatment by different technologies that
achieve statistically similar treatment; the last example
represents a case where one technology achieves significantly
better treatment than the other technology.
Appendix A-4
-------
Table A-l
F Distribution at the 95 Percent Confidence Level
Denominator
degrees ol
freedom 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3
9
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
' 17
18
19
20
21
22
22
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
40
60
120
00
161 4
1851
10 13
7 71
6.S1
599
559
'5.32
, 5.12
496
434
4 75
467
460
454
449
445
4 41
433
435
432
430
428
426
424
423
421
420
418
4 17
408
400
3.92
3.84
2
1995
1900
955
694
5.79
5.U
4 74
446
426
4 10
398
339
331
374
3.63
363
359
355
3.52
349
347
3.44
3.42
3.40
3.39
3.37
3.3S
3.34
3.33
3.32
3.23
3.15
3.07
3.00
Numerator degrees of freedom
3 4 5 6
2157
1916
923
659
5.41
4 76
435
407
3.36
3.71
359
3.49
341
334
329
324
3.20
316
3.13
310
307
305
303
301
2.99
2.93
2.96
2.95
2.93
2.32
2.34
2.75
2.68
2.60
2246
1925
912
6.39
5.19
453
4 12
3.84
363
3.48
3.36
3.26
3.13
3.11
306
301
296
2.93
290
2.37
284
2.32
2.80
2.73
2.76
2.74
2.73
271
2.70
2.69
2.61
2.53
2.45
2.37
2302
19.30
901
6.26
5.0S
439
3.97
3.69
3.48
3.33
3.20
3.11
3.03
2.96
2.90
2.85
2.81
2.77
2.74
2.71
2.63
2.66
2.64
2.62
250
2.59
2.57
2.56
2.55
2.53
2.45
2.37
2.29
2.21
234.0
19.33
3.94
6.16
495
423
3.37
3.53
3.37
3.22
3.09
3.00
2.92
135
179
2.74
2.70
2.66
2.63
2.60
2.57
2.55
2.53
2.51
249
2.47
2.46
2.45
2.43
2.42
2.34
2.25
2.17
2.10
7
2363
1935
339
6.09
433
421
3.79
3.50
329
3.14
3.01
2.91
2.83
2.76
2.71
2.66
2.61
2.53
2.54
2.51
2.49
2.46
2.44
2.42
2.40
2.39
137
2.36
135
2.33
125
117
2.09
101
3
2339
1937
335
604
432
4 15
3.73
3.44
3.23
3.07
2.95
2.35
2.77
170
2.64
2.59
2.55
251
2.48
2.45
2.42
2.40
2.37
2.36
2.34
2.32
131
2.29
2.28
2.27
2.18
2.10
102
1.94
9
2405
1933
831
600
477
4 10
363
3.39
3.18
3.02
2.90
280
2.71
2.65
2.59
2.54
2.49
2.46
2.42
2.39
2.37
234
2.32
130
2.23
127
2.25
2.24
2.22
121
2.12
2.04
1 96
1 as
Appendix A-5
-------
Example 1
Methylene Chloride
Steam stricoing
Influent
(ing/ 1)
1550.00
1290.00
1640.00
5100.00
1450.00
4600.00
1760.00
2400.00
4800.00
12100.00
Effluent
(mg/t)
10.00
10.00
10.00
12.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
In(effluent)
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.48
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
2
[ln(ef fluent)]
5.29
5.29
5.29
6.15
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
Biological treatment
Influent
(mg/O
1960.00
2568.00
1817.00
1640.00
3907.00
Effluent
(mg/l)
10.00
10.00
10.00
26.00
10.00
2
In(effluent) [ln( effluent)]
2.30 5.29
2.30 5.29
2.30 5.29
3.26 10.63
2.30 5.29
Sum:
23.18
53.76
12.46
31.79
Sample Size:
10 10
Mean:
3669
10.2
Standard Deviation:
3328.67 .63
Variability Factor:
1.15
10
2.32
.06
2378
923.04
13.2
7.15
2.48
2.49
.43
ANOVA Calculations:
SS8
ssu
MSB = SSB/(k-1)
MSW = SSW/(N-k)
III
HI
Appendix A-6
-------
Example 1 (continued)
F = MSB/HSU
where:
k = number of treatment technologies
n. = number of data points for technology i
N = number of natural log transformed data points for all technologies
T. = sun of log transformed data points for each technology
X = the nat. log transformed observations (j) for treatment technology (i)
ij
n = 10, n = 5, N = 15, k = 2, T = 23.18, T = 12.46, T = 35.64, T = 1270.21
T2 = 537.31 T = 155.25
SSB
537.31 155.25
10
1270.21
15
= 0.10
f 537.31 155.25'
SSW = (53.76 * 31.79) - +
I 10, 5
MSB = 0.10/1 = 0.10
MSW = 0.77/13 = 0.06
0.10
= 0.77
F =
0.06
1.67
ANOVA Table
Degrees of
Source freedom
Between(B) 1
Within(W) 13
SS MS F
0.10 0.10 1.67
0.77 0.06
The critical value of the F test at the 0.05 significance level is 4.67. Since the
F value is less than the critical value, the means are not significantly different
(i.e., they are homogeneous).
Note: All calculations were rounded to two decimal places. Results may differ
depending upon the number of decimal places used in each step of the calculations.
Appendix A-7
-------
Exanple 2
Trichloroethylene
Steam stripping
Influent
Ong/O
1650.00
5200.00
5000.00
1720.00
1560.00
10300.00
210.00
1600.00
204.00
160.00
Effluent
Cmg/l)
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
27.00
85.00
10.00
In(effluent)
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
3.30
4.44
2.30
2
Cln(ef fluent)]
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
10.89
19.71
5.29
Biological treatment
Influent
(mg/l)
200.00
224.00
134.00
150.00
484.00
163.00
182.00
Effluent
(mg/l)
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
16.25
10.00
10.00
ln( effluent)
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.79
2.30
2.30
2
[In(effluent)]
5.29
5.29
5.29
5.29
7.78
5.29
5.29
Sum:
Sample Size:
10 10
Mean:
2760
19.2
Standard Deviation:
3209.6 23.7
Variability Factor:
3.70
26.14
10
2.61
.71
72.92
220
120.5
10.89
2.36
1.53
16.59
2.37
.19
39.52
ANOVA Calculations
Ti2
SSB
1 = 1
ssw
MSB = SSB/(k-1)
MSW = SSW/(N-k)
r k
11 N
k
Appendix A-8
-------
Example 2 (continued)
F = MS8/MSW
where:
k = number of treatment technologies
n. = number of data points for technology i
N = nunber of data points for all technologies
T. = sun of natural log transformed data points for each technology
X.. = the natural log transformed observations (j) for treatment technology (i)
NI = 10, N = 7, N = 17, k = 2, T = 26.14, T = 16.59, T = 42.73, T= 1825.85, T = 683.30,
I2 = 275.23
, f683.30 275.23 1 1825.85
SS8 = _ + _ - _ = o.25
10 7 I 17
SSU * (72.92 + 39.521 - " * "j = 4.79
[ 10 7
f
MSB = 0.25/1 = 0.25
MSW = 4.79/15 = 0.32
F = °'25 = 0.78
0.32
ANOVA Table
Degrees of
Source freedom SS MS
Between(B) 1 0.25 0.25 0.78
Within(W) 15 4.79 0.32
The critical value of the F test at the 0.05. significance level is 4.54. Since the
F value is less than the critical value, the means are not significantly different
(i.e., they are homogeneous).
Note: All calculations were rounded to two decimal places. Results may differ
depending upon the number of decimal places used in each step of the calculations.
Appendix A-9
-------
Example 3
Chlorobenzene
Activated
I nf I uent
(nig/ 1)
7200.00
6500.00
6075.00
3040.00
sludge followed
Effluent
(Big/ 1)
80.00
70.00
35.00
10.00
by carbon adsorption
In(effluent) [ln(eff luent)]
4.38 19.18
4.25 18.06
3.56 12.67
2.30 5.29
Biological
Influent
(Big/ 1)
9206.00
16646.00
49775.00
14731.00
3159.00
6756.00
3040.00
treatment
Effluent
(mg/ I)
1083.00
709.50
460.00
142.00
603.00
153.00
17.00
In(effluent)
6.99
6.56
6.13
4.96
6.40
5.03
2.83
InC(effluent)]
48.86
43.03
37.58
24.60
40.96
25.30
8.01
Sum:
Sample Size:
4 4
Mean:
5703
49
Standard Deviation:
1835.4 32.24
Variability Factor:
7.00
14.49
3.62
.95
55.20
14759
16311.86
452.5
379.04
15.79
38.90
5.56
1.42
228.34
ANOVA Calculations:
SS8
SSW
MSB = SS8/(lc-1)
MSW = SSW(N-k)
F = MSB/MSU
k
1*1
' k
.1-1
fTl
"i
I
j;
2)
-
J .
[
' k
i-l
I H
"'HI
T,
2
-1
"i J
Appendix A-10
-------
Example 3 (continued)
where,
k = nunber of treatment technologies
n. = number of data points for technology i
N = nunber of data points for all technologies
T. = sun of natural log transformed data points for each technology
X . = the natural log transformed observations (i) for treatment technology (i)
U
N = 4, N = 7, N = 11, k = 2, T = 14.49, T = 38.90, T = 53.39, T = 2850.49, T = 209.96
T2 = 1513.21
SS6 - * - - = 9.52
SSW . (55.20 * 228.34, . , +
MSB = 9.52/1 = 9.52
MSW = 14.88/9 = 1.65
F = 9.52/1.65 = 5.77 '
ANOVA Table
Degrees of
Source freedom SS MS
Between(B)
Within(W)
1
9
9.53
14.89
9.53
1.65
5.77
The critical value of the F test at the 0.05 significance level is 5.12. Since the
F value is larger than the critical value, the means are significantly different
(i.e., they are heterogeneous).
Note: All calculations were rounded to two decimal places. Results may differ depending
upon the number of decimal places used in each step of the calculations.
Appendix A-ll
-------
A. 2 . Variability Factor
C99
VF = Mean
where:
VF = estimate of daily maximum variability factor
determined from a sample population of daily data.
Cg9 = Estimate of performance values for which 99 percent
of the daily observations will be below. C is
calculated using the following equation:
C = Exp(y +2.33 Sy) where y and Sy are the mean
and standard deviation, respectively, of the
logtransformed data.
Mean = average of the individual performance values.
EPA is establishing this figure as an instantaneous maximum
because the Agency believes that on a day-to-day basis the waste
should meet the applicable treatment standards. In addition,
*
establishing this requirement makes it easier to check compliance
on a single day. The 99th percentile is appropriate because it
accounts for almost all process variability.
In several cases, all the results from analysis of the
residuals from BOAT treatment are found at concentrations less
than the detection limit. In such cases, all the actual
concentration values are considered unknown and hence, cannot be
used to estimate the variability factor of the analytical
results. Below is a description of EPA's approach for
calculating the variability factor for such cases with all
concentrations below the detection limit.
Appendix A-12
-------
It has been postulated as a general rule that a lognormal
distribution adequately describes the variation among
concentrations. Therefore, the lognormal model has been used
routinely in the EPA development of numerous regulations in the
Effluent Guidelines program and is being used in the BOAT
program. The variability factor (VF) was defined as the ratio of
the 99th percentile (Cgg) of the lognormal distribution to its
arithmetic mean (Mean) .
VF = (1)
Mean
The relationship between the parameters of the lognormal
distribution and the parameters of the normal distribution
created by taking the natural logarithms of the
lognormally-distributed concentrations can be found in most
mathematical statistics texts (see for example: Distribution in
Statistics-Volume 1 by Johnson and Kotz, 1970) . The mean of the
lognormal distribution can be expressed in terms of the mean ( )
and standard deviation ( ) of the normal distribution as
follows:
CQ9 = Exp ( ^ + 2.334CT) (2)
Mean = Exp ( // + .540~2) (3)
Substituting (2) and (3) in (1) the variability factor can
then be expressed in terms of
-------
VF = Exp (2.33 <7~ - .54O"2) (4)
For residuals with concentrations that are not all below the
detection limit, the 99th percentile and the mean can be
estimated from the actual analytical data and accordingly, the
variability factor (VF) can be estimated using equation (1). For
residuals with concentrations that are below the detection limit,
the above equations can be used in conjunction with the
assumptions below to develop a variability factor.
Step l: The actual concentrations follow a lognormal
distribution. The upper limit (UL) is equal to the detection
limit. The lower limit (LL) is assumed to be equal to one tenth
of the detection limit. This assumption is based on the fact
that data from well-designed and well-operated treatment systems
generally falls within one order of magnitude.
Step 2: The natural logarithms of the concentrations have a
normal distribution with an upper limit equal to In (UL) and a
lower limit equal to In (LL) .
Step 3: The standard deviation ( C7~) of tne normal distribution
is approximated by
= [(In (UL) - In (LL)] / [(2) (2.33)] = [ln(UL/LL)] /4.66
when LL = (0.1) (UL) then CT= (InlO) / 4.66 = 0.494
Appendix A-14
-------
Step 4: Substitution of the value from Step 3 in equation (4)
yields the variability factor, VF.
VF = 2.8
Appendix A-15
-------
APPENDIX B - ANALYTICAL QA/QC
The analytical methods used for analysis of the regulated
constituents identified in Section 5 are listed in Table B-l.
SW-846 methods (EPA's Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste;
Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846, Third Edition, November 1986)
are used in most cases for determining total waste
concentrations.
Deviations from SW-846 methods required to analyze the
sample matrix are listed in Table B-2. These deviations are
approved methods for determining constituent concentrations.
1
SW-846 also allows for the use of alternative or equivalent
procedures or equipment; these are described in Tables B-3
through B-6. These alternatives or equivalents included use of
alternative sample preparation methods and/or use of different
extraction techniques to reduce sample matrix interferences.
The accuracy determination for a constituent is based on the
matrix spike recovery values. Table B-7 present the matrix spike
recovery values for total waste concentrations of 2-nitroaniline
and 2-nitrophenol for K101 and K102, respectively, for the EPA-
collected data. Because 2-nitroaniline matrix spike recoveries
were not collected, the average of the percent recoveries equal
to or greater than 20% for all semivolatiles was used as the
Appendix B-l
-------
percent recovery for 2-nitroaniline. Since matrix spike
recoveries for 2-nitrophenol were not available, the percent
recoveries for the isomer 4-nitrophenol were used.
The accuracy correction factors for the regulated
constituents for the treatment residuals are presented in Table
B-7 through B-9. The accuracy correction factors were determined
in accordance with the general methodology presented in the
Introduction. For example, for 2-nitroaniline, the average of
the actual spike recovery data for all semivolatiles obtained for
the analysis of liquid matrices and the lowest average percent
recovery value was used to calculate the accuracy correction
factor. An example of the calculation of the corrected
i
concentration value for 2-nitroaniline is shown below.
Analytical
Value
2.0 mg/kg
Average
Recovery
40
Correction
Factor
100 = 2.50
40
Corrected
Value
2.50 x 2.0 = 5.000 mg/kg
Appendix B-2
-------
Table S-1 Analytical Methods for Regulated Constituents
Regulated Constituent
Analytical Method
Method Number
Reference
Semivolatiles
2-Nitroaniline
2-Nitrophenol
Continuous Liquid/Liquid
Extraction
Soxhlet Extraction
Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry Column
Technique
3520
3540
8270
Metals
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmi urn
Chromium
Copper
Nickel
Zinc
Lead
Mercury
Selenium
Acid Digestion of Aqueous
Samples and Extracts for
Total Metals for Analysis
by Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy (AA) or
Inductivity Coupled Plasma
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP)
Acid Digestion of Aqueous
Samples and Extracts for
Total Metals for Analysis
by Furnace Atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy (AA)
Acid Digestion of Sediments,
Sludges, and SoiIs
Acid Digestion for Metals
Inductively Coupled Plasma
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
Lead (AA, Furnace
Technique)
Mercury in Liquid Waste
(Manual Cold-Vapor Technique)
Selenium (AA, Furnace
Technique)
3010
3020
3050
3060
i
6010
7421
7471
7740
1 Environmental Protection Agency. 1986. Test Methods for
Evaluating Solid Waste. Third Edition. U. S. EPA. Office of
Sol id Waste and Emergency Response. November 1986.
2 - Environmental Protection Agency. 1982. Test Methods for
Evaluating Solid Waste. Second Edition. U. S. EPA. Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response. September 1982.
Appendix B-3
-------
Table 8-2 Deviations from SU-846
Analysis
Method
SW-646 specifications
Deviation from SW-646
Rationale for deviation
1. Acid Digestion for 3010
metals analyzed 3020
Digest 100 ml of sample In
a conical beaker.
Initial sample volume of
SO ml is digested In Griffin
straight-side beakers. All
acids and peroxides are
ha Ived.
Sample volume and reagents
are reduced in half;
therefore, time required to
reduce sample to near
dryness Is reduced.
However, this procedures
produces no impact on the
precision and accuracy of
the data.
o
fl>
3
a
H-
X
w
I
7. Selenium
Digestion
7740 Pipet 5 ml of digested
solution into 10 ml
volumetric flank; add I ml
of the IX nickel nitrate
solution and dilute to
10 ml with Type II water. An
aliquot is then injected into
the instrument.
Dlgestate is brought to
original volume and the
nickel nitrate solution is
added at the time of
analysis. One ml of sample
digestate and standards have
0.02 ml of 5X NiN03
solution added to them.
Ihis procedure reduces time
required to complete dilution
procedure and produces no
impact on the precision and
accuracy of the data. Ihis
procedure also allows the
laboratory to store only the
concentrated digestates.
a - Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma,
for K101 and K102. Table 6-6.
-------
Table 8-3 Specific Procedures or Equipment Used in Extraction of Organic Compounds When
Alternatives or Equivalents are Allowed in the SU-846 Methods
Analysis
SW-846 method
Sample aliquot
Alternatives or equivalents allowed
by SU 646 methods
Specific procedures or
equipment used
Purge and Trap
5030 5 mlllillters of liquid
1 gram of sot Id
The purge and trap device to be
used Is specified In the method In
Figure 1, the desorber to be used
Is described in Figures 2 and 3.
and the packing materials are
described In Section 4.10.2. The
method allows equivalents of this
equipment or materials to be used.
The purge and trap equipment and
the desorber used were as specified
In SU-846. The purge and trap
equipment Is a Teckmar LSC-2 with
standard purging chambers (Supelco
cat. 2-0293). The packing materials
for the traps were 1/3 silica gel
and 2/3 2.6-dlphenylene.
Tt
t»
(D
3
O,
H-
X
CO
I
Ul
Continuous Liquid-
Liquid Extraction
3S20
1 liter of riquid
The method specifies that the
trap must be at least 25 cm long
and have an inside diameter of at
least 0.10S cm.
The surrogates recommended are
toluene-d8.4-bromof luorobeniene.
and I.2-dichloroethane-d4. The
recommended concentration level Is
50
Acid and base/neutral extracts
are usually combined before
analysis by GC/HS. Under some
situations, however, they may
be extracted and analyzed
separately.
The base/neutral surrogates
recommended are 2-f luoroblphenyl.
nltrobenzene-d5. terphenyl-d!4.
The acid surrogates reconinended
are 2-f luorophenol.
2.4.6-tr ibrontophenol, and
phenol -d6. Additional compounds
The length of the trap was 30 cm
and the diameter was 0.105 cm.
The surrogates were added as
specified In SU-846.
Acid and base/neutral extracts
were combined.
Surrogates were the same as those
recommended by SU-846. with the
exception that phenol-d5 was
substituted for phenol-d6. The
concentrations used were the
concentrations recommended In SW-846.
-------
Table B-3 (Continued)
Analysis
SW-846 method
Sample aliquot
Alternatives or equtvdients allowed
by SW-846 methods
Specific procedures or
equipment used
Continuous Liquid-
Liquid Extract ion
(Continued)
may be used for surrogates. The
recomnended concentrations for
low-medium concent rat ion level
samples are 100 ppm for acid
surrogates and 200 ppm for
base/neutral surrogates. Volume
of surrogate may be adjusted.
Soxhlet Extraction 3540
1 gram of solid
$
d
(D
H-
X
CO
I
The recomnended surrogates
and their concentrations are
the same as for Method 3520.
Sample grinding may be required
for sample not passing through a
1 mm standard sieve or a 1 mm
opening.
The surrogates used and their
concentration levels are the same
as for Method 3520.
Sample grinding was not required.
OnsIte Engineering Report for John Zink Company. Tolas, Oklahoma,
for IC101 and K102. Table 6-7.
-------
CO
I
Table B-4 Specific Procedures or Equipment Used in Extraction of Organic Compounds When
Alternatives to SW-&46 Methods Are Allowed by Approval of EPA Characterization
and Assessment Division
Analysis
SU-646 Method
Sample A) iquot
SW-846 Specifteation
Specific Procedures Allowed by
Approval of EPA-CAD
(D
D
P.
H-
X
Continuous Liquid/ 3520
Liquid Extraction
or
Soxhlet Extraction 3S40
1 liter
or
1 gram
The Internal standards are
prepared bydissolut ion In
carbon dlsulfide and then
diluting to such volume that
the final solvent is 20X
carbon dlsulfide and SOX
methylene chloride.
The preparation of the Internal
standards was changed to eliminate
the use of carbon dlsulflde. The
Internal standards were prepared
In methylene chloride only.
a Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
for K101 and K102. Table 6-5.
-------
Table B-5 Special Procedures or Equipment Used for Analysis of Organic Compounds When
Alternatives or Equivalents are Allowed in the SU-846 Methods
Analysis
SU-846
method
Sample
preparat ion
method
Alternatives or equivalents
allowed in SU-846 for
equipment or in procedure
Specific equipment or procedures used
Recommended GC/HS operating conditions:
Actual GC/HS operating conditions:
Gas Chromatography/
Hats Spectrometry
for volatile
organIcs
8240 5030
(D
X
td
I
oa
Electron energy:
Mass range:
Scan time:
Initial column temperature:
Initial column holding time
Column temperature program:
Final column temperature:
Final column holding time:
Injector temperature:
Source temperature:
Transfer line temperature:
Carrier gas:
70 ev-(nogiinal)
35-260 amu
To give 5 scans/peak but
not to exceed J sec/scan
45-C
3 mln
B'C/mln
200'C
15 mln
200-225'C
According to
manufacturer's
specif teat ion
250-300'C
Hydrogen at 50 cm/sec or
helium at 30 cm/sec
The column should be 6 ft x 0.1 In I.D. glass.
packed with IX SP-1000 on Carbopack B (60/80 mesh) or
an equivalent.
Samples may be analyzed by purge and trap technique
or by direct injection.
Electron energy:
Mass range:
Scan time:
70 ev
35-260 amu
2.5 sec/scan
Initial column temperature: 38'C
Initial column holding time: 2 mln
Column temperature program: 10'C/mtn
Final column temperature:
Final column holding time:
Injector temperature:
Source temperature:
225'C
30 mln or xylene elutes
225'C
Manufacturer's recommended
value of 100'C
Transfer line temperature:
Carrier gas:
Helium 0 30 ml/mln
Additional Information on Actual System Used:
Equipment: Ftnnegan model 5100 GC/HS/DS system
Data:system SUPER INCOS Autoquan
Mode: Electron Impact
NBS library available
Interface to MS - Jet separator
The column used was an 6 ft x 0.1 In 1.0. glass,
packed with U SP-1000 on Carbopack B (60/flO math).
The samples were analyzed using the purge and trap
technique.
-------
Table B-5 (Continued)
Analysis
Sample
SW-846 preparation
method method
Alternatives or equivalents
allowed in SW-846 for
equipment or In procedure
Specific equipment or procedures used
Recommended GC/HS operating conditions:
Actual GC/HS operating conditions:
Gas Chromatography/
Has* Spectrometry
for semivolat I le
organlcs: capillary
column technique
8270
3S20-liquids
3520-sollds
d
*d
rt>
3
a
H-
Hass range:
Scan time:
Initial column temperature:
Initial column holding time:
Column temperature program:
Final column temperature hold
Injector temperature:
Transfer line temperature:
Source temperature:
Injector:
Sample volume:
Carrier gas:
35-500 amu
I sec/scan
40-C- .
4 mm
40-270'C at
10'C/mln
Z/O'C (until
benrofg.h.I.Jperylene
has e luted)
250-300'C
250-300'C
According to
manufacturer's
specification
Grob-type. split less
1-2.^1
Hydrogen at 50 cm/sec
or helium at 30 cm/sec
The column should be 30 « by 0.25 mn I.O.. l-»un
f 11m thickness silicon-coated fused silica capillary
column (J&U Scientific DB-S or equivalent).
Hass range:
Scan time:
Initial column temperature:
Initial column holding time:
Column temperature program:
Final column temperature hold:
Injector temperature:
Transfer line temperature:
Source temperature:
Injector:
Sample volume:
Carrier gas:
35-500 amu
I sec/scan
30'C
4 mln
B'C/mln to 275'
and lO'C/mln until
305'C
305'C
240-260'C
300'C
Manufacturer's
recommendatIon
(non-heated)
Grob-type, spit less
1 /iI of sample extract
Helium 0 40 cm/sec
Additional Information on Actual System Used:
Equipment: Flnnegan nod«l 5 00 GC/HS/DS system
Software Package: SUPER1NCOS AU10QUAN
The column used was a 30 m x 0.32 mm I.D.
RTx -5 (5X phenyl methyl slllcone) FSCC.
- Onsite Engineering Report fqr John Zink Company, Tutsa, Oklahoma,
for K101 and K102. Table 6-B.
-------
Table B-6 Specific Procedures or Equipment Used in Preparation for Analysis of Metals
When Alternatives or Equivalents are Allowed in the SU-S46 Methods
Analysis
SW-846
method
Equipment
Alternative or equivalent
allowed by SU-B46 methods
Specific procedures or
equipment used
Inductively coupled
plasma atomic
emission
spectroscopy
6010 Jarrell Ash 1140
Operate equipment following
instructions provided by
instrument's manufacturer.
For operation with organic
solvents, auxiliary argon gas
Inlet is recommended.
Equipment operated using
procedures specified In the
Jarrell Ash (JA) 1140
Operator's Manual.
Auxiliary argon gas was not
required for sample matrix.
(D
H-
X
tfl
I
Helals by Furnace AA
Thallium 7841
Selenium 7/40
lead 7421
(1) Perk In Elmer 3030
(2) Perk In Elmer 5000 II
(3) Perk in Elmer SOOO 12
(4) Perk In Elmer 2580
Operate equipment following
Instructions provided by
Instrument's manufacturer.
For background correction.
use'either continuous
correction or alternatives.
e.g.. Zeeman correction.
If samples contain a large
amount of organic material,
they should be oxidized by
conventional acid digestion
before being analyzed.
Equipment operated using pro-
cedures specified In (1) the Perk in
Elmer 3030 Instruction Manual.
(2) the Perkln Elmer Model 5000
Instruction Manual, and
(3) the Perkln Elmer 2580
Instruction Manual.
Background detection was
used. Continuous correction
on Models 2380 and 5000 tl and
Zeeman on Model 3030 and 5000
II.
Samples were prepared using
acid digestion procedures
from SW-846.
-------
Table 8-6 (Continued)
Analysis
SU-846
method
[qulpment
Alternative or equivalent
allowed by SW-846 methods
Specific procedures or
equipment used
Mercury
7471 Perk in Elmer SOA
Operate equipment following
instructions provided by
instrument's manufacturer.
Equipment operated using
procedures specified in the
Perk in Elmer SOA Instructions
Manual.
Cold vapor apparatus is
described in SW-846. or an
equivalent apparatus may be
used
Sample may be prepared using
the water bath method or the
autoclave method described In
SU-846.
Mercury was analyzed by cold
vapor method using the
apparatus as specified In
SW-846 except there was no
scrubber.
Samples were prepared using
the water bath method.
TJ
Q.
H-
a - Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma,
for K101 and K102. Table 6-9.
I
H
-------
o
a
Table 8-7 Matrix Spike Recoveries for Kiln Ash
+ +
Oriainal Amount Sample Set Sample Set Duplicate
Found Spike Added Spike Result Percent Spike Added Spike Result Percent
BOAT Constituent ' ' (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) Recovery* (ug/L) (ug/L) Recovery*
Accuracy
Factor**
Semivolatile
*** 2-Nitroaniline++
*** 2-Nitrophenol+++
ND
200
43
41
22
200
42
21
2.50
4.76
Cd
I
to
a - From Onsite Engineering Report of John Zink Company. Tulsa. Oklahoma for K101 and K102. Table 6-16.
H- *Percent Recovery « [(Spike Result - Original Amount )/Spike Amount)] x 100.
* **Accuracy Correction Factor » 100/(Percent Recovery), using the lower of the two percent recovery values.
ND - Not detected. Value assumed to be zero in calculation for percent recovery.
*** = Not on BOAT List.
+ = For the matrix spike recoveries presented: Semivolatiles from Sample Set 3.
+ = The matrix spike recovery values presented for 2-nitroaniline are actually the average of the percent recoveries greater than 20% for all semivolatiles.
+++ = The matrix spike recovery values presented for 2-nitrophenol are actually for the isocner 4-nitrophenol.
-------
Table B-8 Matrix Spike Recoveries for Treated D004 Waste
a
(D
3
H-
X
w
BOAT Constituent
Metals
155. Arsenic
158. Cadmium
161. Lead
162. Mercury
Original Amount
Found
(ug/l)
782
<80
<5
0.86
a - Obtained from Onsite Engineering Report for
* - Percent Recovery *
** - Accuracy Correction
Sample Set 1 Sample Set Duplicate 1
Spike Added Spike Result Percent* Spike Added Spike Result Percent^
(ug/l) (ug/l) Recovery (ug/l) (ug/l) Recovery
2000 3640 143 2000 3980 160
500 484 97 500 471 94
25 21 84 25 37 148
5 5.6 95 5 5.6 95
0004. Table 6-14.
Accuracy^
Factor
0.70
1.06
1.19
1.05
t(Spike Result - Original Amount)/Spike Amount)! x 100.
Factor = 100/(Percent Recovery), using the lower of the two percent recovery values.
U)
-------
Table B-9 Matrix Spike Recoveries for Treated F006 Waste
Original Amount
Found
BOAT Constituent (ppm)
155. Arsenic
156. Barium
158. Cadmium
159. Chromium
160. Copper
161. Lead
1
162. Mercury
163. Nickel
164. Selenium****
168. Zinc
0.101**
0.01***
0.3737
0.2765
0.0075
2.9034
0.3494
0.2213
0.2247
0.1526
0.3226
0.2142
0.001
0.001
0.028
0.4742
0.101
0.043
0.0133
27.202
Duplicate
0.01
0.01
0.3326
0.222
0.0069
0.7555
0.4226
0.2653
0.2211
0.1462
0.3091
0.2287
0.001
0.001
0.0264
0.0859
0.12
0.053
0.0238
3.65
Actual
Spike
(ppm)
0.086
0.068
4.9474
5.1462
4.9010
6.5448
4.6780
4.5709
4.8494
4.9981
4.9619
4.6930
0.0034
0.0045
4.5400
4.6093
0.175
0.095
i
5.0910
19.818
Percent
Recovery
94.5
104.0
91.9
97.9
97.9
94.3
85.8
86.6
92.5
97.0
92.9
89.4
92.0
110.0
90.3
36.6
86.0
66.0
101.4
87.8
Accuracy
Correction
Factor *
1.06
0,96
1.09
1.02
1.02
1.06
1.17
1.15
1.08
1.03
1.08
1.12
1.09
0.91
1.11
1.15
1.16
0.96
0.99
1.14
a - Obtained from the Background Document for F006. Table 6-1.
* - Accuracy Correction Factor = 100/(Percent Recovery).
** - At a mix ratio of 0.5.
*** At a mix ratio of 0.2.
**** - For a mix ratio of 0.2, correction factor of 1.16 was used when correcting for selenium concentrations.
Appendix B-14
-------
TABLE C-1 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K101 BACKGROUND SCRUBBER WATER, BACKGROUND QUENCH WATER,
AND FINAL QUENCH WATER.
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
33
228
34
229
35
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Orgam'es
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylom'trile
Benzene
Bromodi ch I oromethane
Bromomethane
n-Butyl Alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon Disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene
Ch I orodi bromomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethylvinylether
Chloroform
Chloromethane
3-Chloropropene
1 , 2-0 i bromo-3-Ch loropYopane
1 , 2-0 i bromoethane
D i bromomethane
Trans- 1,4-Dichloro-2-Butene
Dichlorodif luoromethane
1 , 1 -0 i ch loroe thane
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
1 , 1 -D i ch loroe thene
Trans-1 ,2-Dichloroethene
1 , 2 - D i ch 1 oropropane
Trans-1 ,3-Dichloropropene
cis-1,3,Dichloropropene
1,4-Dioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl Acetate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl Cyanide
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Methacrylate
Ethylene Oxide
lodomethane
Isobutyl Alcohol
Methanol
Methyl butyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl Methacrylate
Background
Scrubber
Water
(mg/l)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
Background
Quench
Water
(mg/l)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
O.Q05
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
Final
Quench
Water
(mg/l)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
Appendix C-1
-------
TABLE C-1 (Continued)
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
43
49
231
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
218
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
63
69
70
71
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organics (cont.)
Methacrylonitrile
Methylene Chloride
2-Nitropcopane
Pyridine
Styrene
1,1, 1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
Tribromomethane
-------
TABLE C-1 (Continued)
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semi volatile Orgam'cs (cont.)
72 Butyl benzyl phthalate
73 2-Sec-8utyl-4,6-Dinitrophenol
74 p-Chloroaniline
75 Chlorobenzi late
76 p-Chloro-m-cresol
77 2-Chloronaphthalene
78 2-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenyl-phenyl ether
79 3-Chloropropiom'trile
80 Chrysene
81 Ortho-cresol
82 para-cresol
232 Cyctohexanone
83 Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Dibenzofuran
84 Dibenzo(a,e,) Pyrene
85 0 i benzo( a , i ) Pyrene
86 1,3-Dichlorobenzene
i
87 1,2-Oichlorobenzene
88 1,4-Oichlorobenzene'
89 3,3'Dichlorobenzidine
90 2,4-Oichlorophenol
91 2,6-Dichlorophenol
92 Di ethyl phthalate
93 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
94 p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
95 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
96 2,4-Oimethylphenol
97 Dimethyl Phthalate
98 Di-n-butyl phthalate
99 1, 4-0 i nitrobenzene
100 4,6-dinitco-o-cresol
101 2,4-Dinitrophenol
102 2,4-Oinitrotoluene
103 2,6-Oinitrotoluene
104 Di-n-octyl phthalate
105 Di-n-propylnitrosoamine
106 Diphenylamine (1)
107 1,2,-Diphenylhydrazine
108 Fluoranthene
109 Fluorene
110 Hexach I orobenzene
111 Hexach locobutadi ene
112 Hexach lorocyclopentadi ene
113 Hexach I oroethane
114 Hexach I orophene
Background
Scrubber
Water
(mg/l)
0.010
0.050
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
NA
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
0.020
NO
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
Background
Quench
Water
(mg/l)
0.010
0.050
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
NA
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
0.020
NO
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
Final
Quench
Water
(mg/l)
0.010
0.050
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
NA
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
0.020
NO
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
Appendix C-3
-------
TABIE C-1 (Continued)
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semi volatile Orgam'cs (cont.)
1 1 5 Hexach 1 oropr opene
116 lndeno<1,2.3,-cd) Pyrene
117 Isosafrole
I soph o rone
118 Methapyn'lene
119 3-Methylcholanthrene
120 4,4' -Methylene-bis-(2-chloroani line)
36 Methyl Methanesulfonate
2-Methyl naphthalene
121 Naphthalene
122 1,4-Naphthoquinone
123 1-Naphthylamine
124 2-Naphthylamine
2-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline
125 p-Nitroaniline
126 Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
127 4-Nitrophenol <
128 N-Nitrosodi-n-butylaniine
129 N-Nitrosodiethylamine
130 N-Nitrosodimethylamine
131 N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
132 N-Nitrosomorpholine
219 N-Nitrosodiphenytamine (1)
133 1-Nitrosoptperidine
134 N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
135 2-Hethyl-5-nitroaniline
136 Pentach lorobenzene
137 Pentach I oroethane
138 Pentach loronitrobenzene
139 Pentachlorophenol
140 Phenacetin
141 Phenanthrene
142 Phenol
220 Phthalic Anhydride
143 2-Picoline
144 Pronamide
145 Pyrene
146 Resorcinol
147 Safrole
148 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
149 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
150 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
151 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
152 2,4,6-Trichloroph«nol
153 Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
Background
Scrubber
Water
Ong/l)
NO
0.010
0.020
0.010
NA
0.020
0.020
NO
0.010
0.010
NA
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.050
NO
NO
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.020
NO
NA
0.100
0.050
0.020
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
NO
0.010
MA
0.050
0.020
NO
0.010
0.050
0.010
NO
Background
Quench
Water
Ong/l)
NO
0.010
0.020
0.010
NA
0.020
0.020
NO
0.010
0.010
NA
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.050
NO
NO
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
0.010
0.050
0,020
MO
NA
0.100
0.050
0.020
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
NO
0.010
NA
0.050
0.020
NO
0.010
0.050
0.010
NO
Final
Quench
Water
Ong/l)
NO
0.010
0.020
0.010
NA
0.020
0.020
NO
0.010
0.010
NA
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.050
NO
NO
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
' 0.010
0.050
0.020
MO
NA
0.100
0.050
0.020
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
NO
0.010
NA
0.050
0.020
NO
0.010
0.050
0.010
NO
Appendix C-4
-------
TABLE C-1 (Continued)
154
155
156
157
158
159
221
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
~
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Hetals Total Composition
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
C acini urn
Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Metals - TCLP
Antimony '
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Inorganics
Cyanide
Flouride
Sulfide
Other Parameters
Chlorides
Sul fates
Background
Scrubber
Water
(mg/l)
0.330
0.280
0.002
0.001
0.050
0.004
0.010
0.005
1.250
0.002
0.011
0.250
0.007
0.100
0.004
0.004
NOT
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
Background
Quench
Water
(mg/l)
0.033
0.028
0.002
0.001
0.050
0.004
0.010
0.005
0.050
0.0002
0.011
0.050
0.007
0.010
0.004
0.004
ANALYZED
«
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
Final
Quench
Water
(mg/l)
0.033
0.028
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.004
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.0002
0.011
0.005
0.007
0.010
0.004
0.004
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
(1) - Cannot be separated from N-Nitrosodipenylamine.
NA - The standard is not available; compound was searched using an NBS library of 42,000 compounds.
ND - Not detected, estimated detection limit has not been determined.
Appendix C-5
-------
TABLE C-2 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K101 SAMPLE SET #1
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
33
34
229
35
BOAT CONST 1TUENT
Volatile Orgam'cs
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylonitri le
Benzene
Bromodi ch 1 oromethane
Bromomethane
n-Butyt Alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon Disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene
Ch 1 orod i bromomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Chloroform
Chi oromethane
3-Chloropropene
1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane
1 , 2-0 i bromoethane
Di bromomethane
Trans- 1 ,4-0 ich loro-2-Butene
D i ch I orodi f I uoromethane
1 , 1 -0 i ch I oroethane
1 ,2-0 i Chloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethene
Trans-1, 2-Dichloroethene
1,2-Oichloropropane
Trans-1 ,3-Oichloropropene
cis-1,3,Dichloropropene
1,4-Dioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl Acetate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl Cyanide
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl- Methacrylate
Ethylene Oxide
lodomethane
Uobutyl Alcohol
Methyl butyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl Methacrylate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(rog/kg)
50
500
500
500
25
25
50
NA
25
25
25
500
25
50
50
25
50
500
50
25
25
500
50
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
1000
NA
NA
25
500
NA
500
NA
250
1000
50
50
50
500
Treated
Waste
(Slag)
(mg/kg)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
0.010
0.010
Q.010
0.100
Scrubber
Uastewater
Cmg/l)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
Appendix C-6
-------
TABLE C-2 (Continued)
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
231
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
218
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organics (cont.)
Methacrylonitri le
Methylene Chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
Styrene
1,1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
Tribromomethane(bromofornO
1 ,1 ,1-Trichloroethane
1 , 1 , 2- T r i ch I oroethane
Trichloroethene
T r i ch I oromonof I uoromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1, 1, 2-Tr i ch I oro- 1,2, 2- trif luoroethane
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Chloride
Xylenes
Semivolati le Organics
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminof luorene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Aniline
Anthracene
Aramite
Senzo(a)anthracene
Benzal Chloride
Benzenethiol
Benzidine
Benzoic Acid
Benzo
-------
TABLE C-2 (Continued)
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
31
82
232
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semivolatile Organfcs (cont.)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-Sec-8utyl-4,6-Dim'trophenol
p-Chloroam'line
Chlocobenzilate
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenyl-phenyl ether
3-Chloropropionitrile
Chrysene
Ortho-cresol
para-cresol
Cyc I ohexanone
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Dibenzofuran
Oibenzo
-------
TABLE C-2 (Continued)
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semivolatile Organics (cent.)
115 Hexachloropropene
116 Indeno<1,2,3,-cd) Pyrene
117 Isosafrole
Isophorone
118 Methapyrilene
119 3-Methylcholanthrene
120 4,4'-Hethylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline)
36 Methyl Methanesulfonate
2-Methyl naphthalene
121 Naphthalene
122 1,4-Naphthoquinone
123 1-Naphthylamine
124 2-Naphthylamine
2-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline
125 p-Nitroaniline
126 Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
127 4-Nitrophenol <
128 N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
129 N-Nitrosodiethylamine
130 N-Nitrosodimethylaniine
131 N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
132 N-Nitrosonwrpholine
219 N-Nitrosodiphenylamine <1)
133 1-Nitrosopiperidine
134 N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
135 2-Hethyl-5-nitroaniline
136 Pentach I orobenzene
137 Pentach I oroethane
138 Pentach 1 oroni trobenzene
139 Pentachlorophenol
140 Phenacetin
141 Phenanthrene
142 Phenol
220 Phthalic Anhydride
143 2-Picoline
144 Pronamide
145 Pyrene
146 Resorcinol
147 Safrole
148 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
149 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
150 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
151 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
152 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
153 Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
Cntg/kg)
NO
36000
72000
36000
NA
72000
72000
NO
36000
36000
NA
180000
180000
178000
178000
178000
36000
36000
178000
«&
NO
36000
36000
36000
72000
36000
180000
72000
NO
NA
360000
178000
72000
36000
36000
NO
36000
ND
36000
NA
180000
72000
ND
36000
178000
36000
ND
Treated
Waste
(Slag)
(mg/kg)
NO
0.420
0.840
0.420
NA
0.840
0.840
NO
0.420
0.420
NA
2.1
2.1
2
2
2
0.420
0.420
2
ND
ND
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.840
0.420
2.1
0.840
NQ
NA
4.2
2
0.840
0.420
0.420
ND
0.420
NO
0.420
NA
2.1
0.840
ND
0.420
2
0.420
NO
Scrubber
Uastewater
(ing/ 1)
NO
0.010
0.020
0.010
NA
0.020
0.020
NO
0.010
0.010
NA
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.050
NO
ND
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.020
ND
NA
0.100
0.050
0.020
0.010
0.010
ND
0.010
ND
0.010
NA
0.050
0.020
ND
0.010
0.050
0.010
NO
Appendix C-9
-------
TABLE C-2 (Continued)
154
155
156
157
158
159
221
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Metals - Total Composition
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Metals - TCLP
-------
TABLE C-3 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K101 SAMPLE SET #2
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
33
228
34
229
35
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organics
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Bromodi ch loromethane
Bromomethane
n-Butyt Alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon Disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1,3-8utadiene
Ch lorodi bromome thane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethylvinylether
Chloroform
Ch loromethane
3-Chloropropene
1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane
1 ,2-Dibromoethane
Dibromome thane
Trans-1 ,4-Dichloro-2-Butene
Dichlorodif luoromethane
1,1-Di Chloroethane
1, 2-0 i Chloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethene
Trans- 1 , 2-D i ch loroethene
1,2-Dichtoropropane
Trans-1 ,3-Dichloropropene
cis-1,3,Dfchl oropropene
1,4-Oioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl Acetate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl Cyanide
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Methacrylate
Ethylene Oxide
lodomethane
Isobutyl Alcohol
Methane I
Methyl butyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl Methacrylate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
50
500
500
500
25
25
50
NA
25
25
25
500
25
50
50
25
50
500
50
25
25
500
50
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
1000
NA
NA
25
500
NA
500
NA
250
1000
NA
50
50
50
500
Treated
Waste
(Slag)
(mg/kg)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
9.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
Appendix C-ll
-------
TABLE C-3 (Continued)
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
231
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
218
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organics (cont.)
Methacrylonitrile
Methyl ene Chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
Styrene
1,1, 1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
Tribromomethane(bromofann)
1,1,1-Tcichloroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
Trich loromonof luoromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1, 1,2-Trichloro- 1,2, 2- trif luoroethane
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Chloride ,
Xylenes
*
Semivolatile Organi'cs
Acenaph thai ene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminof luorene
4 - Am i nob i ph eny I
Aniline
Anthracene
Aramite
Benzo{ a )anth racene
Benzal Chloride
Benzenethiol
Benzidine
Benzoie Acid
8enzo(a)pyrene
Benzo< b) f I uoranthene
Benzo(g,h,i) perylene
Benzo
-------
TABLE C-3 (Continued)
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semivolatite Orgam'cs (cont. )
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-Sec-Butyl-4,6-Oinitrophenol
p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzi late
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenyl-phenyl ether
3-Chloropropionitri le
Chrysene
Ortho-cresol
para-cresol
Cyclohexanone
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Dibenzofuran
Dibenzo(a,e,) Pyrene
Dibenzo(a,i) Pyrene
1,3-Dichlorobenzene '
1,2-Oichlorobenzene ,
1 , 4-0 i ch I orobenzene
3,3'Oichlorobenzidine
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Oichlorophenol
Diethyl phthalate
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
p-Di methyl ami noazobenzene
3,3' -Dimethylbenzidine
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl Phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
1 ,4-Dinitrobenzene
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Oinitrophenol
2,4-Oinitrotoluene
2,6-Oinitrotoluene
Oi-n-octyl phthalate
D i - n- propy I n i t rosoam i ne
Oiphenylamine (1)
1,2,-Diphenylhydrazine
Ftuoranthene
Fluorene
Hexach I orobenzene
Hexach lorobutadiene
Hexach 1 orocyc I opent adi ene
Hexach loroethane
Hexach I oroph ene
Untreated
Uaste to
Incinerator
(mg/tcg)
38000
190000
38000
NA
38000
38000
33000
33000
NA
38000
38000
38000
NO
38000
38000
NA
NA
38000
38000
38000
76000
38000
NO
38000
38000
76000
NO
38000
38000
38000
190000
188000
188000
38000
38000
38000
38000
76000
190000
38000
38000
38000
38000
38000
38000
NA
Treated
Uaste
(Slag)
(nig/kg)
0.420
2.1
0.420
NA
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
NA
0.420
0.420
0.420
NO
0.420
0.420
NA
NA
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.840
0.420
NO
0.420
0.420
0.840
NO
0.420
0.420
0.420
2.1
2
2
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.840
2.1
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
NA
Scrubber
Wastewater
-------
TABLE C-3 (Continued)
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semivolatile Organies (cont.)
115 Hexachloropropene
116 Indeno(1,2,3,-cd) Pyrene
117 Isosafrole
Isophorone
118 Methapyrilene
119 3-Methylcholanthrene
120 4,4'-Methylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline)
36 Methyl Methanesulfonate
2-Hethyl naphthalene
121 Naphthalene
122 1,4-Naphthoquinone
123 1-Naphthylamine
124 2-Naphthylamine
2-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline
125 p-Nitroaniline
126 Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol (
127 4-Nitrophenol
128 N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
129 N-Nitrosodiethylamine
130 N-Nitrosodimethylamine
131 N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
132 N-Nitrosomorpholine
219 N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (1)
133 1-Nitrosopiperidine
134 N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
135 2-Hethyl -5-nitroani line
136 Pentachlorobenzene
137 Pentachloroethane
138 Pentachloronitrobenzene
139 Pentachlorophenol
140 Phenacetin
141 Phenanthrene
142 Phenol
220 Phthalic Anhydride
143 2-Picoline
144 Pronamide
145 Pyrene
146 Resoccinol
147 Safrole
148 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
149 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
150 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
151 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
152 2,4,6-Triehlorophenol
153 Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
Untreated Treated
Waste to Waste
Incinerator (Slag)
-------
TABLE C-3 (Continued)
154
155
156
157
158
159
221
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Metals Total Composition
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thai I ion
Vanadium
Zinc
Metals - TCLP (mg/l)
1
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Inorganics
Cyanide
Flouride
Sulfide
Other Parameters
Chlorides
Sul fates
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
3.3
2.8
0.2
0.1
5.0
0.4
0.01
0.5
2.0
0.02
1.1
5.0
0.7
5.0
0.4
0.4
NOT
ANALYZED
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
Treated
Waste
(Slag)
(mg/kg)
3.3
100
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.4
0.01
0.5
0.5
0.1
1.1
0.5
0.7
1.0
0.4
0.4
© 0.033
0.200
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.0002
0.011
0.010
0.007
0.010
0.004
0.004
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
Scrubber
Uastewater
-------
TABLE C-4 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K101 SAMPLE SET
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
33
228
34
229
35
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Vo I a t i I e Organ i es
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Bromodich I oromethane
Bromomethane
n- butyl Alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon Disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene
Ch lorodi bromomethane
Ch loroethane
2-Chloroethylvinylether
Chloroform
Chloromethane
3-Chloropropene
1 , 2-D i bromo-3- Ch I oropropane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Di bromomethane
Trans-1 ,4-Dichloro-2-Butene
Dichlorodif luoromethane
1 , 1 -D i ch loroethane
1 , 2-D i ch loroethane
1,1-Dichloroethene
Trans-1 ,2-Oichloroethene
1, 2-D icht oropropane
Trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
cis-1,3,Dichloropropene
1,4-Dioxane '
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl Cyanide
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl Methacrylate
Ethylene Oxide
todomethane
Isobutyl Alcohol
Methanol
Methyl butyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl Methacrylate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
. (mg/kg)
50
500
500
500
25
25
50
NA
25
25
25
500
25
50
50
25
50
500
50
25
25
500
50
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
1000
NA
NA
25
500
NA
500
NA
250
1000
NA
50
50
50
500
Treated
Waste
(Slag)
-------
TABLE C-4 (Continued)
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
231
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
218
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organies (cont.)
Methacryloni tri le
Methylene Chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
Styrene
1,1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2- Tetrach loroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
T r i bromomethane( bromof orm)
1,1,1 -Trich loroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
Trichloromonof luoromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1, 1,2-Trichloro- 1,2, 2- tr if luoroethane
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Chloride ,
Xylenes
Seniivolatile Organics
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminof luorene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Aniline
Anthracene
Arami te \
Benzo(a)anthracene
Benzal Chloride
Benzenethiol
Benzidine
Benzoic Acid
Benzo
-------
TABLE C-4 (Continued)
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semi volatile Organ ics (cont.)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-Sec-Butyl-4,6-Oinitrophenol
p-Chloroani line
Chlorobenzilate
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenyl-phenyl ether
3-Chloropropionitrile
Chrysene
Ortho-cresol
para-cresol
Cyclohexanone
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Dibenzofuran
Dibenzo(a,e, ) Pyrene
D i benzo( a , i ) Pyrene
1,3-Oichtorobenzene »
1,2-Dichlorobenzene .
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
3,3'Dichlorobenzidine
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
Diethyl phthalate
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
p-Dimethyl ami noazobenzene
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl Phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate \
1,4-Dinitrobenzene
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Oinitrotoluene
2,6-Oinitrotoluene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Di-n-propylnitrosoamine
Diphenylamine (1)
1,2,-Diphenylhydrazine
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Hexach I orobenzene
Hexach lorobutadi ene
Hexach lorocyclopentadl ene
Hexach I oroethane
Hexach I orophene
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
34000
170000
34000
NA
34000
34000
34000
34000
NA
34000
34000
34000
NO
34000
34000
NA
NA
34000
34000
34000
68000
34000
NO
34000
34000
68000
NO
34000
34000
34000
170000
172000
172000
34000
34000
34000
34000
68000
170000
34000
34000
34000
34000
34000
34000
NA
Treated
Waste
(Stag)
(mg/kg)
0.420
2.1
0.420
NA
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
NA
0.420
0.420
0.420
NO
0.420
0.420
NA
NA
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.840
0.420
ND
0.420
0.420
0.840
ND
0.420
0.420
0.420
2.1
2
2
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.840
2.1
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
0.420
NA
Scrubber
Uasteuater
(mg/l)
0.010
0.050
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
ND
0.010
0.010
NA
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
ND
0.010
0.010
0.020
ND
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
Appendix C-18
-------
TABLE C-4 (Continued)
115
116
117
118
119
120
36
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
219
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
220
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semivolatile Orgam'cs (cont.)
Hexach I oropropene
Indeno<1,2,3,-cd) Pyrene
Isosafrote
Isophorone
Methapyrilene
3-Methy I chol anthrene
4,4' -Hethylene-bis-(2-chloroani line)
Methyl Methanesulfonate
2-Methyl naphthalene
Naphthalene
1 ,4-Naphthoquinone
1-Naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine
2-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline
p-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
. 2-Nitrophenol '
4-Nitrophenol
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylsmine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
N-Nitrosomorpholine
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (1)
1-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
2-Methyl-5-nitroaniline
Pentachlocobenzene
^Pentachloroethane \
Pentach loroni trobenzene
Pentach I orophenol
Phenacetin
Ptienanthrene
Phenol
Phthalic Anhydride
2-Picoline
Pronamide
Pyrene
Resorcinol
Safrole
1 ,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
NO
34000
68000
34000
NA
68000
68000
NO
34000
34000
NA
170000 '
170000
172000
172000
172000
34000
34000
172000
NO
NO
34000
34000
34000
68000
34000
170000
68000
NO
NA
340000
172000
68000
34000
34000
NO
34000
NO
34000
NA
170000
68000
NO
34000
172000
34000
NO
Treated
Waste
(Slag)
-------
TABLE C-4 (Continued)
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Metals - Total Composition
154 Antimony
155 Arsenic
156 Barium
157 Beryllium
158 Cadmium
159 Chromium
221 Hexavalent Chromium
160 Copper
161 Lead
162 Mercury
163 Nickel
164 Selenium
165 Silver
166 Thallium
167 Vanadium
168 Zinc
Metals - TCLP (mg/l)
t
154 Antimony
155 Arsenic
156 Barium
157 Beryllium
158 Cadmium
159 Chromium
160 Copper
161 Lead
162 Mercury
163 Mickel
164 Selenium
165 Silver
166 Thallium
167 Vanadium
168 Zinc
Inorganics
169 Cyanide
170 Flouride
171 Sulfide
Other Parameters
Chlorides
Sulfates
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
3.3
2.8
0.2
0.1
5.0
0.4
0.01
0.5
0.5
0.02
1.1
0.5
0.7
5.0
0.4
0.4
MOT
ANALYZED
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
Treated
Waste
(Slag)
(mg/kg)
3.3
100
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.4
0.01
0.5
0.5
0.1
1.1
0.5
0.7
1.0
0.4
0.4
0.033
0.100
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.0002
0.011
0.025
0.070
0.010'
0.004
0.004
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
Scrubber
Uastewater
(mg/l)
0.330
0.280
0.002
0.001
0.500
0.004
0.010
0.005
0.500
0.004
0.011
0.050
0.070
0.010
0.004
0.004
NOT
ANALYZED
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
(1) - Cannot be separated from N-Nitrosodipenylamine.
NA The standard is not available; compound was searched using an NBS library of 42,000 compounds.
NO - Not detected, estimated detection limit has not been determined.
Appendix C-20
-------
TABLE C-5 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K101 SAMPLE SET #4
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
23
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
33
228
34
229
35
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organies
Acetone
Acetoni trite
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Bromodi ch t oromethane
Bromome thane
n- Butyl Alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon Oisulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene
Ch 1 orodi broroomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethylvinylether
Chloroform
Chi oromethane
3-Chloropropene ,
1 , 2-D i bromo-3-Ch loropropane
1,2-Oibromoethane
Oi bromomethane
Trans-1,4-D5chloro-2-Butene
Dichlorodif luoromethane
1 , 1 -D i ch I oroethane
1 , 2-0 i chloroethane
1 , 1 -0 i ch I oroethene
Trans-1, 2-Oichloroethene
1 , 2-D i ch I oropropane
Trans-1, 3-Dichloropropene
cis-1,3,Dichloropropene
1,4-Dioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl Acetate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl Cyanide
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Methacrylate
Ethylene Oxide
lodome thane
Isobutyl Alcohol
Methanol
Methyl butyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl Methacrylate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
50
500
500
500
25
25
50
NA
25
25
25
500
25
50
50
25
50
500
50
25
25
500
50
25
25
25
25
25
25 i
25
1000
NA
NA
25
500
NA
500
NA
250
1000
NA
50
50
50
500
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
Appendix C-21
-------
TABLE C-5 (Continued)
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
231
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
218
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Orgam'cs (cont.)
Methacrylonitrile
Methylene Chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
Styrene
1 ,1 , 1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2, 2-Tet rach I oroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
Tribromomethane(bromofonn)
1,1, 1 -Trich loroethane
1 , 1 , 2- T r i ch I oroethane
Trichloroethene
Trich loromonof luoromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trif luoroethane
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Chloride .
Xylenes
Semi volatile Orgam'cs
Acenaphthatene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminof luorene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Aniline
Anthracene
Aramite
Benzo( a ) anthracene
Benzal Chloride
Benzenethiol
Benzidine
Benzoic Acid
Benzo< a ) pyrene
BenzoC b) f I uoranthene
Benzo
500
25
HA
2000
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
NA
50
50
25
38000
38000
76000
76000
76000
38000
38000
NA
38000
NA
NO
190000
190000
38000
38000
38000
38000
NO
38000
38000
38000
38000
38000
38000
Scrubber
Uastewater
-------
TABLE C-5 (Continued)
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semivolatile Organics (cont.)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-Sec-Butyl-4,6-Dinitrophenol
p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzi late
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Ch I oronaphtha I ene
2-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenyl-phenyl ether
3-Chloropropionitrile
Chrysene
Ortho-cresol
para-cresol
Cyclohexanone
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Oibenzofuran
Dibenzo
-------
TABLE C-5 (Continued)
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semivolatile Organies (cont.)
115 Hexachloropropene
116 Indeno(1,2,3,-cd) Pyrene
117 Isosafrole
Isophorone
118 Methapyrilene
119 3-Methylcholanthrene
120 4,4'-Hethylene-bis-(2-chtoroaniline)
36 Methyl Hethanesulfonate
2-Methyl naphthalene
121 Naphthalene
122 1,4-Naphthoquinone
123 1-Naphthylamine
124 2-Naphthylamine
2-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline
125 p-Nitroaniline
126 Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol «
127 4-Nitrophenol
128 N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
129 N-Nitrosodiethylamine
130 N-Nitrosodimethylamine
131 N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
132 N-Nitrosomorpholine
219 N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (1)
133 1-Nitrosopiperidine
134 N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
135 2-Hethyl-5-nitroaniline
136 Pentach lorobenzene
137 Pentach I oroethane
138 Pentach I oronit robenzene
139 Pentachlorophenol
140 Phenacetin
141 Phenanthrene
142 Phenol
220 Phthalfc Anhydride
143 2-Picoline
144 Pronamide
145 Pyrene
146 Resorcinol
147 Safrole
148 1 ,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
149 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
150 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
151 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
152 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
153 Tris(2,3-dibpomopropyl) phosphate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
-------
TABLE C-5 (Continued)
154
155
156
157
158
159
221
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
163
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Metals - Total Composition
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Metals - TCLP (mg/l)
i
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Inorganics
Cyanide
Flouride
Sulfide
Other Parameters
Chlorides
Sul fates
Untreated
Waste to Scrubber
Incinerator Wastewater
(mg/kg) (mg/l)
3.3 0.330
2.8 0.280
0.2 0.002
0.1 0.001
5.0 0.500
0.4 0.004
0.01 0.010
0.5 0.005
1.0 0.500
0.02 0.0002
1.1 0.011
5.0 0.500
0.7 0.070
5.0 0.010
0.4 0.004
0.4 0.004
NOT NOT
ANALYZED ANALYZED
i
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
(1) - Cannot be separated from N-Nitrosodipenylamine.
MA - The standard is not available; compound was searched using an NBS library of 42,000 compounds.
NO - Not detected, estimated detection limit has not been determined.
Appendix C-25
-------
TABLE C-6 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K102 BACKGROUND WATER, BACKGROUND QUENCH WATER,
AND FINAL QUENCH WATER
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
33
228
34
229
35
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organics
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acrolefn
Acrylonitri le
Benzene
Sromodi ch I oromethane
Bromomethane
n-Butyl Alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon Bisulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene
Chi orodi bromomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Chloroform
Chloromethane
3-Chloropropene ,
1 ,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane
1 , 2 -D i bromoethane
Oi bromomethane
Trans-1,4-Oichloro-2-Butene
D ich I orodi f luoromethane
1,1-Oichloroethane
1,2-Oichloroethane
1 , 1 -D i ch I oroethene
Trans-1 ,2-Oichloroethene
1 , 2 -0 i ch I oropropane
Trans-1, 3-Dichloropropene
cis-1,3,0ichloropropene
1,4-Dioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl Cyanide
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Methacrylate
Ethylene Oxide
lodomethane
Isobutyl Alcohol
Methanol
Methyl butyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl Methacrylate
Background
Scrubber
Water
(mg/l)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
MA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
NA
0.010
0.010 .
0.010
0.100 -
Background
Quench
Water
(mg/O
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
- 0.100
Final
Quench
Water
(mg/l)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
Appendix C-26
-------
TABLE C-6 (Continued)
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
231
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
218
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organics (cont.)
Hethacrylonitrile
Methylene Chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
Styrene
1,1, 1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
Tri bro
-------
TABLE C-6 (Continued)
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semivolatile Organics (cent.)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-Sec-8utyl-4,6-Dim"trophenol
p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzilate
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenyl-phenyl ether
3-Chloroppopionitn'le
Chrysene
Ortho-cresol
para-cresol
Cyclohexanone
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Dibenzofuran
Oibenzo
-------
TABLE C-6 (Continued)
115
116
117
118
119
120
36
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
219
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
220
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semivolatile Orgam'es (cont.)
Hexach loropropene
Indeno<1,2,3,-cd) Pyrene
Isosafrole
I soph or one
Methapyrilene
3-Methylchotanthrene
4,4'-Methylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline)
Methyl Methanesulfonate
2-Hethyl naphthalene
Naphthalene
1 ,4-Naphthoquinone
1-Naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine
2-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline
p-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
N-Ni trosodi -n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodi ethyl ami ne
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
N-Nitrosomorpholine
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (1)
1-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
2-Hethyl -5-ni troani I ine
Pentach I orobenzene
Pentach I oroethane
Pentach loroni trobenzene
Pentach lorophenol
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phthalic Anhydride
2-Picoline
Pronamide
Pyrene
Resorcinol
Safrole
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
2, 3, 4, 6-Tetrach lorophenol
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2, 4, 5-Trich lorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
Background
Scrubber
Water
(mg/l)
NO
0.010
0.020
0.010
NA
0.020
0.020
NO
0.010
0.010
NA
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.050
NO
NO
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.020
NO
NA
0.100
0.050
0.020
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
NO
0.010
NA
0.050
0.020
NO
0.010
0.050
0.010
NO
Background
Quench
Water
-------
TABLE C-6 (Continued)
154
155
156
157
158
159
221
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Metals - Total Composition
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Si Iver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Metals - TCLP
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
inorganics
Cyanide
Flouride
Sulfide
Other Parameters
Chlorides
Sul fates
Background
Scrubber
Water
(mg/l)
0.015
0.028
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.005
0.010
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.009
0.005
0.007
0.050
0.003
0.002
NOT
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
Background
Quench
Uater
(mg/l)
0.033
0.028
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.005
0.010
0.004
0.005
0.0002
0.009
0.005
0.007
0.010
0.003
0.002
ANALYZED
i
0.010
0.2
0.9
1
5
Final
Quench
Uater
(mg/l)
0.015
0.010
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.005
0.010
0.004
0.005
0.0002
0.009
0.005
0.007
0.050
0.003
0.002
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
(1) - Cannot be separated from N-Nitrosodipenylamine.
NA - The standard is not available; compound was searched using an NBS library of 42,000 compounds.
NO - Not detected, estimated detection limit has not been determined.
Appendix C-30
-------
TABLE C-7 DETECTION LIMITS FOR FOR K102 SAMPLE SET #1
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
3
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
33
228
34
229
35
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Or games (cont.)
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Brocnodichloromethane
Bromomethane
n-Butyl Alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon Oisulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1,3-8utadiene
Ch 1 orodi bromomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethylvinylether
Chloroform
Chlororoethane
3-Chloropropene .
1,2-Dibro(no-3-Chloropropane
1 , 2- D i bromoethane
Dibromomethane
Trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-Butene
Dichlorodif luororoethane
1 , 1-Dichloroethane
1 , 2- 0 i ch I oroethane
1 , 1 -D ich loroethene
Trans- 1 ,2-Dichloroethene
1,2-Dichloropropane
Trans-1,3-0ichloropropene
c i s - 1 , 3 , D i ch I oropropene
1,4-Dioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl Cyanide
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Methacrylate
Ethylene Oxide
lodome thane
Isobutyl Alcohol
Methane I
Mehtyl butyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl Methacrylate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
3
30
30
30
1.5
1.5
3
NA
1.5
1.5
1.5
30
1.5
3
3
1.5
3
30
3
1.5
1.5
30
3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
60
NA
NA
1.5
30
NA
30
NA
15
60
NA
3
3
3
30
Treated
Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(mg/kg)
3
30
30
30
1.5
1.5
3
NA
1.5
1.5
1.5
30
1.5
3
3
1.5
3
30
3
1.5
1.5
30
3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
60
NA
NA
1.5
30
NA
30
NA
15
60
NA
3
3
3
. 30
Scrubber
Wasteuater
(mg/l)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
Appendix C-31
-------
TABLE C-7 (Continued)
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
231
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
218
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organics (cont.)
Methacrylonitrile
Methylene Chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
Styrene
1,1,1 ,2-Tetrach loroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
Tribromomethane(bromoform)
1 , 1 , 1 - Tr ich I oroethane
1,1,2-Trich loroethane
Trichloroethene
Tr i ch loromonof I uoromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trif luoroethane
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Chloride ,
Xylenes
*
Semivolatile Organics
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminof luorene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Aniline
Anthracene
Aramite
Benzo( a ) anth racene
Benzal Chloride
Benzenethiol
Benzidine
Benzoic Acid
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(b)f luoranthene
Benzo(g,h,i) perylene
Benzo( k ) f luoranthene
p-Benzoquinone
Benzyl Alcohol
Bis(2-Chloroethoxy) methane
Bis<2-Chloroethyl) Ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(ing/kg)
30
1.5
NA
120
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
NA
3
3
1.5
182
182
364
364
364
182
182
NA
182
NA
NO
910
910
182
182
182
182
NO
182
182
182
182
182
182
Treated
Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(mg/kg)
30
1.5
NA
120
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
NA
3
3
1.5
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
NA
1
NA
NO
5
5
1
1
1
1
NO
1
1
1
1
1
1
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
0.100
0.005
NA
0.400
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
NA
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
NA
NO
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
Appendix C-32
-------
TABLE C-7 (Continued)
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84
85
86
87
38
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semi volatile Organ ies (cont.)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-Sec-Butyl-4,6-Oinitrophenol
p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzilate
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloronaph thai ene
2-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenyl-phenyl ether
3-Chloropropionitri le
Chrysene
Ortho-cresol
para-cresol
Cyclohexanone
0 ibenz( a, h) anthracene
Dfbenzofuran
Dibenzo
-------
TABLE C-7 (Continued)
115
116
117
118
119
120
36
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
219
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
HI
142
220
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semfvotati te Orqam'cs (cont.)
Hexach loropropene
Indeno(1,2,3,-cd) Pyrene
Isosafrole
I sophorone
Methapyrilene
3-Methylcholanthrene
4,4'-Methylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline)
Methyl Methanesul f onate
2-Methylnaphthalene
Naphthalene
1 ,4-Naphthoquinone
1-Naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine
2-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroani line
p-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol ,
4-NitPophenol
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylami'ne
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (1)
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
N-Nitrosomorpholine
1 -Ni trosopiperidine
N N i t rosopy r ro I i d i ne
2-Methyl-5-m'troam'line
Pentachlorobenzene
Pent ach I oroethane
Pentachloronltrobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phthalic Anhydride
2-Picoline
Pronamide
Pyrene
Resorcinol
Safrole
1 ,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
NO
182
364
182
NA
364
364
NO
182
182
NA
910
910
910
910
910
182
182
910
ND
NO
182
182
182
364
182
910
364
NO
NA
1820
910
364
182
182
NO
182
NO
182
NA
910
364
NO
182
910
182
ND
Treated
Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(mg/kg)
NO
1
2
1
NA
2
2
NO
1
1
NA
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
5
NO
NO
1
1
1
2
1
5
2
« ND
NA
1
5
2
1
1
ND
1
ND
1
NA
5
2
ND
1
5
1
NO
Scrubber
Uastewater
(mg/U
NO
0.010
0.020
0.010
NA
0.020
0.020
NO
0.010
0.010
NA
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.050
ND
NO
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.020
ND
NA
0.100
0.050
0.020
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
ND
0.010
NA
0.050
0.020
ND
0.010
0.050
0.010
NO
.Appendix C-34
-------
TABLE C-7 (Continued)
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Metals - Total Composition
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium (mg/l)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Metals - TCLP (mg/l)
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Si Iver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Inorganics
Cyanide
Flouride
Sulfide
Other Parameters
Chlorides
Sul fates
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
1.5
1.0
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.01
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.9
0.5
0.7
1.0
0.4
0.2
NOT
ANALYZED
.
-
.
Treated
Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(mg/kg)
1.5
1.0
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.01
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.9
0.5
0.7
5.0
0.3
0.2
0.015
0.010
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.0002
0.009
8.050
0.007
0.500
0.004
0.002
.
-
-
-
Scrubber
Uastewater
(mg/l)
0.015
0.010
0.002
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.010
0.004
0.005
0.0002
0.220
0.005
0.005
0.010
0.003
0.002
NOT
ANALYZED
0.010
0.2
0.5
1
5
(1)
Cannot be separated from N-Nitrosodipenylamine.
NA - The standard is not available; compound uas searched using an NBS library of 42,000 compounds.
NO - Not detected, estimated detection limit has not been determined.
- - No detection limit established.
Appendix C-35
-------
TABLE C-8 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K102 SAMPLE SETS #2 AND #3
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
&
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
13
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
33
228
34
229
35
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Orgam'cs
Acetone
Acetoni trite
Acrolein
Acrylonitri le
Benzene
Bromodichloromethane
Bromomethane
n-Butyl Alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon Disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene
Chlorodibromomethane
Chlorocthane
2-Chloroethylvinylether
Chloroform
Chloromethane
3-Chloropropene i
1,2-Oibromo-3-Chloropropane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Oibromome thane
Trans-1 ,4-Oichloro-2-Butene
Dichlorodif luoromethane
1 , 1 -D i ch I oroethane
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
1 , 1 -0 i ch loroethene
Trans-1, 2-0 ichloroethene
1 ,2-Oichloropropane
Trans-1 ,3-Oichloropropene
cis-1,3,Dichloropropene
1,4-Dioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl Cyanide
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Methacrylate
Ethylene Oxide
lodomethane
Isobutyl Alcohol
Methane I
Methyl butyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl Methacrylate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
Crng/kg)
3
30
30
30
1.5
1.5
3
NA
1.5
1.5
1.5
30
1.5
3
3
1.5
3
30
3
1.5
1.5
30
3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
60
NA
NA
1.5
30
NA
30
NA
15
60
NA
3
3
3
30
Treated
Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(mg/kg)
3
30
30
30
1.5
1.5
3
NA
1.5
1.5
1.5
30
1.5
3
3
1.5
3
30
3
1.5
1.5
30
3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
60
NA
NA
1.5
30
NA
30
NA
15
60
NA
3
3
3
30
Scrubber
Wastewater
(ing/ 1)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
Appendix C-36
-------
TABLE C-8 (Continued)
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Orgam'cs (cont.)
37 Methacrylonitrile
38 Methylene Chloride
230 2-Sitropropane
39 Pyridine
Styrene
40 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
41 1,1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
42 Tetrachloroethene
43 Toluene
44 Tribromoniethane(bromofonn)
45 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
46 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
47 Trichloroethene
43 Trichloromonof luoromethane
49 1,2,3-Trichloropropane
231 1,1,2-Trichtoro-1,2,2-trif luoroethane
Vinyl Acetate
50 Vinyl Chloride ,
Xylenes
Semivolati le Orgam'cs
51 Acenaphthalene
52 Acenaphthene
53 Acetophenone
54 2-Acetylaminof luorene
55 4-Aminobiphenyl
56 Aniline
57 Anthracene
58 Aramite
59 Benzo(a)anthracene
218 Benzal Chloride
60 Senzenethiol
61 Benzidine
Benzoic Acid
62 Benzo
-------
TABLE C-8 (Continued)
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semivolatile Organics (cont.)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-Sec-Butyl-4,6-Dinitrophenol
p-Chloroani line
Chlorobenzi late
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenyl-phenyl ether
3-Chloropropionitri le
Chrysene
Ortho-cresol
para-cresol
Cyclohexanone
Dibenz(a,h) anthracene
Dibenzofuran
Oibenzo(a,e,) Pyrene
Oibenzo(a,i) Pyrene
1,3-Oichlorobenzene ,
1 , 2-D i ch I or obenzene
1,4-Oichlorobenzene
3,3'Dichlorobenzidfne
2,4-Oichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
Oiethyl phthalate
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
3,3'-Oimethylbenzidine
2,4-Oimethylphenol
Dimethyl Phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
1,4-Oinitrobenzene
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Oinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Di-n-propylm'trosoamine
Diphenylamine (1)
1,2,-Diphenylhydrazine
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Hexach I ocobenzene
Hexach 1 orobutad i ene
Hexach I orocyc I opentadi ene
Hexachloroethane
Hexach I orophene
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
-------
TABLE C-8 (Continued)
115
116
117
118
119
120
36
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
219
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
220
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semi volatile Organ ics (cont.)
Hexach 1 oropropene
Indeno(1,2,3,-cd) Pyrene
Isosafrole
Isophorone
Methapyrilene
3-Methylcholanthrene
4,4'-Methylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline)
Methyl Methanesulfonate
2-Methylnaphthalene
Naphthalene
1 ,4-Naphthoquinone
1-Naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine
2-Nitroani line
3-Nitroaniline
p-Nitroani line
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol «
4-Nitrophenol
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamfne
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (1)
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
N - N i t rosomorpho I i ne
1-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
2-Methyl -5-ni troani I ine
Pentach lorobenzene
Pentach I oroethane
Pentachloronitrobenzene
Pentach lorophenol
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phthalic Anhydride
2-Picoline
Pronamide
Pyrene
Resorcinol
Safrole
1 ,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
2, 3, 4, 6-Tetrach lorophenol
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2, 4, 5-Trich lorophenol
2, 4, 6-Trich lorophenol
Tris(2,3-dibron»propyl) phosphate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
NO
19.4
38.8
19.4
NA
38.8
38.3
NO
19.4
19.4
NA
97
97
98
98
98
19.4
19.4
98
NO
NO
19.4
19.4
19.4
38.3
19.4
97
38.3
NO
NA
194
98
38.8
19.4
19.4
NO
19.4
NO
19.4
NA
97
38.8
NO
19.4
98
19.4
NO '
Treated
Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(mg/kg)
NO
1
2
1
NA
2
2
NO
1
1
NA
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
5
NO
NO
1
1
1
2
1
5
2
i NO
NA
1
5
2
1
1
NO
1
NO
1
NA
5
2
NO
1
5
1
NO
Scrubber
Wastewater
-------
TABLE C-8 (Continued)
154
155
156
157
158
159
221
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Metals Total Composition
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium (mg/l)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Stiver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Metals - TCUP (mg/l)
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmi urn
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
1.5
1.0
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.01
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.9
0.5
0.7
1.0
0.4
0.2
NOT
,
ANALYZED
Treated
Waste
(Kiln Ash)
(mg/kg)
1.5
1.0
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.01
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.9
0.5
0.7
1.0
0.4
0.2
0.015
0.010
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.007+
0.004
0.005
0.0002+
0.009
9.005
0.007+
0.200+
0.004+
0.002
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
0.015
0.010
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.005
0.010
0.004
0.005
0.0002
0.220**
0.005
0.005
0.010
0.003
0.002
NOT
ANALYZED
Appendix C-40
-------
TABLE C-8 (Continued)
Untreated Treated
Waste to Waste Scrubber
BOAT CONSTITUENT ' Incinerator (Kiln Ash) Uastewater
(mg/kg) (rag/kg) (mg/l)
Inorganics
169 Cyanide - - 0.01
170 Flouride - - 0.2
171 Sulfide - - 0.5
Other Parameters
Chlorides - - 1
Sulfates - - 5
(1) - Cannot be separated from N-Nitrosodipenylamine.
NA - The standard is not available; compound was searched using an NBS library of 42,000 compounds.
NO - Not detected, estimated detection limit has not been determined.
** - Detection limit for sample set 3 for Nickel is 0.110 mg/l. .
+ - Detection limits for sample set 3 for Chromium, Mercury, Silver, and Vanadium were 0.007,
0.0004, 0.006, 0.01Q, and 0.006 mg/l, respectively.
- No detection limits have been established.
Appendix C-41
-------
TABLE C-9 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K102 SAMPLE SETS #4 AND
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
U
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
33
228
34
229
35
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organics
Acetone
Acetom'trile
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Bromodichlocomethane
Bromomethane
n-Butyl Alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon Disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2- Ch I oro- 1,3- Butadiene
Ch 1 orodi bromomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethy I vinyl ether
Chloroform
Chloromethane
3-Chloropropene f
1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Oi bromomethane
Trans-1, 4-0 ichloro- 2- Butene
Dichlorodi f luoromethane
1 , 1 -0 ich I oroethane
1,2-Oichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethene
Trans-1 ,2-Dichloro«thene
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
Trans-1, 3-Oichloropropene
cis-1,3,Dichloropropene
1,4-Dioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl Cyanide
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Methacrylate
Ethylene Oxide
lodomethane
Isobutyl Alcohol
Hethanol
Methyl butyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl Methacrylate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
3
30
30
30
1.5
1.5
3
NA
1.5
1.5
1.5
30
1.5
3
3
1.5
3
30
3
1.5
1.5
30
3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
.1.5
60
NA
NA
1.5
30
NA
30
NA
15
60
NA
3
3
3
30
Treated
Waste
(Kiln Ash)*
(mg/kg)
3
30
30
30
1.5
1.5
3
NA
1.5
1.5
1.5
30
1.5
3
3
1.5
3
30
3
1.5
1.5
30
3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
60
NA
NA
1.5
30
NA
30
NA
15
60
MA
3
3
3
30
Scrubber
Wastewater
(ing/ 1)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
HA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
Appendix C-42
-------
TABLE C-9 (Continued)
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
231
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
218
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organ ics (cont.)
Methacrylonitrile
Hethylene Chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
Styrene
1,1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
Tribromomethane(bromoform)
1 , 1 ,1-Trichloroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
Trichloromonof luoromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropcopane
1 ,1 , 2-T r i chloro- 1,2, 2- trif luoroethane
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Chloride
Xylene'J1
Semivolati le Organics
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminof luorene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Aniline
Anthracene
Aramite
Benzo(a)anthracene
Benzal Chloride
Benzenethiol
Benzidine
Benzoic Acid
Benzo(a)pycene
Benzo(b)f luoranthene
Benzo(g,h,i) perylene
Benzo( k) f I uoranthene
p-Benzoquinone
Benzyl Alcohol
Bis(2-Chloroethoxy) methane
Bis(2-Chloroethyl) Ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
30
1.5
NA
120
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
NA
3
3
1.5
194
194
388
388
388
194
194
NA
194
NA
NO
970
980
194
194
194
194
NO
194
194
194
194
194
194
Treated
Waste
(Kiln Ash)*
(mg/kg)
30
1.5
NA
120
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
NA
3
3
1.5
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
NA
1
NA
NO
5
5
1
1
1
1
NO
1
1
1
1
1
1
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
0.100
0.005
NA
0.400
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
NA
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
NA
NO
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
Appendix C-43
-------
TABLE C-9 (Continued)
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
32
232
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semivolatile Organics (cont.)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-S«c-Butyl-4,6-Oinitrophenol
p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzi late
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenyl-phenyl ether
3-Chloropropiom'trile
Chrysene
Ortho-cresol
para-cresol
Cyclohexanone
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Oibenzofuran
Oibenzo
1
2
1
NO
1
1
2
NO
1
1
1
5
5
5
1
1
1
1
2
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
NA
Scrubber
Uastewater
(mg/l)
0.010
0.050
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
NA
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
NO
0.010
0.010
0.020
NO
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
NA
Appendix C-44
-------
TABLE C-9 (Continued)
115
116
117
118
119
120
36
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
219
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
220
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semivolatile Organies (cont.-)
Hexach I oropropene
Indeno(1,2,3,-cd) Pyrene
Isosafrole
Isophorone
Methapyrilene
3-Methylcholanthrene
4,4'-Kpthylene-bis-(2-chloroamline}
Methyl Methanesulfonate
2-Methyt naphthalene
Naphthalene
1 ,4-Naphthoquinone
1-Naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine
2-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline
p-Nitroani line
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol (
4-Nitrophenol
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylami'ne
N-Nitrosodimethytamine
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (1)
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
H-Ni trosomorphol ine
1-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
2-Methyl -5-ni troani 1 ine
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentachloroethane
Pentach I oroni trobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phthalic Anhydride
2-Picoline
Pronamide
Pyrene
Resorcinol
Safrole
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
2,3,4 , 6- Tet rach I oropheno I
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,&-Trichlorophenol
Tris(2v'3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mgAg)
NO
194
388
194
NA
388
388
NO
194
194
NA
970
970
980
980
980
194
194
980
NO
NO
194
194
194
388
194
970
388
NO
NA
1940
980
388
194
194
NO
194
NO
194
NA
970
388
NO
194
980
194
NO
Treated
Waste
(Kiln Ash)*
(mg/kg)
NO
1
2
1
NA
2
2
NO
1
1
NA
5
5
5
5
5
1
1
5
NO
NO
1
1
1
2
1
5
2
NO
NA
1
5
2
1
1
NO
1
NO
1
NA
5
2
NO
1
5
1
NO
Scrubber
Uastewater
(nig/ 1)
NO
0.010
0.020
0.010
NA
0.020
0.020
NO
0.010
0.010
NA
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.010
0.010
0.050
NO
NO
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.020
NO
NA :
0.100
0.050
0.020
0.010
0.010
NO
0.010
NO
0.010
NA
0.050
0.020
NO
0.010
0.050
0.010
NO
Appendix C-45
-------
TABLE C-9 (Continued)
154
155
156
157
158
159
221
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Metals - Total Composition
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Hexavalent Chrwnium (mg/lV
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Metals - TCLP (mg/l)
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Untreated
Waste to
Incinerator
(mg/kg)
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.
0
0
1
0
0
.5
.0
.2
.1
.5
.5
.01
.4
.5
.1
1+
.5
.7
.0
.4
.2
NOT
ANALYZED
Treated
Waste
(Kiln Ash)*
(mg/kg)
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
9.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
.5
.0
.2
.10
.5
.5
.01
.4
.5
.1
.9
.5
.7
.0
.3
.2
015
010
002
001
005
005
004
005
0002
009
005
007
100
004
002
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.015
.010
.002
.001
.005
.005
.010
.004
.005
.0002
.009
.005
.005
.010
.003
.002
NOT
ANALYZED
Appendix C-46
-------
TABLE C-9 (Continued)
Untreated Treated
Waste to Uaste Scrubber
BOAT CONSTITUENT Incinerator (Kiln Ash)* Wasteviater
(mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/t)
Inorganics
169 Cyanide - - 0.01
170 Flouride - - 0.2
171 Sulfide - 0.5
Other Parameters
Chlorides 1
Sulfates - - 5
* - Mo samples were taken for Sample Set #5.
(1) - Cannot be separated from N-Nitrosodipenylamine.
NA - The standard is not available; compound was searched using an NBS library of 42,000 compounds.
NO - Not detected, estimated detection limit has not been determined.
+ - The detection limit'for sample set 5 for Nickel is 11 mg/kg.
- - No detection limit has been established.
Appendix C-47
-------
TABLE C-10 DETECTION LIMITS FOR K102 SAMPLE SET #6
222
1
2
3
4
5
6
223
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
224
225
226
30
227
31
214
32
33
228
34
229
35
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organ ics
Acetone
AcetonitrUe
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Bromodichloromethane
Bromomethane
n-Butyl Alcohol
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon Disulfide
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene
Ch 1 orodi bromomethane
Chloroethane
2-Chloroethylvinylether
Chloroform
Chloromethane
3-Chloropropene
1 ,2-Oibromo-3-Chloropropane
1,2-Dibromoe thane
Of bromomethane
Trans-1, 4-0 ichloro-2-Butene
0 ich lorodi f 1 uoromethane
1 , 1 -D i ch I oroethane
1 ,2-Oichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethene
Trans- 1,2-0 ich I oroethene
1 , 2 - D i ch I oropropane
Trans-1 ,3-Oichloropropene
cis-1,3,Dichloropropene
1,4-Oioxane
2-Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl Acetate
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl Cyanide
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Methacrylate
Ethylene Oxide
lodomethane
Isobutyl Alcohol
Methanol
Methyl butyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl Methacrylate
Untreated Treated
Waste to Waste
Incinerator (Kiln Ash)
(mg/kg) (nig/kg)
3
30
30
30
1.5
1.5 NO
3
NA
1.5
1.5
1.5 SAMPLES
30
1.5
3
3 TAKEN
1.5
3
30
3
1.5
1.5
30
3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
60
NA
NA
1.5
30
NA
30
NA
15
60
NA
3
3
3
30
Scrubber
Wasteuater
Ong/l)
0.010
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.005
0.005
0.010
NA
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.005
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.100
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.200
NA
NA
0.005
0.100
NA
0.100
NA
0.050
0.200
NA
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.100
Appendix C-48
-------
TABLE C-10 (Continued)
37
38
230
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
43
49
231
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
53
59
218
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Volatile Organics (cont.)
Methacrylonitrile
Methylene Chloride
2-Nitropropane
Pyridine
Styrene
1,1, 1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
Tnbromomethane(bromofonn)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1 ,1,2-Trichloroe thane
Trichloroethene
Trich loromonofluoromethane
1,2,3-Trich-loropropane
1, 1,2-Trichloro- 1,2, 2- trif luoroethane
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Chloride .
Xylenes &
Semivotatile Organi'es
Acenaphthalene
Acenaphthene
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminof luorene
4-Aminobiphenyl
Ani line
Anthracene
Aramite
Benzo(a)anthracene
Benzal Chloride
Benzenethiol
Benzidine
Benzoic Acid
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(b)f luoranthene
Benzo(g,h,i) perylene
Benzo< k } f luoranthene
p-Benzoquinone
Benzyl Alcohol
Bis(2-Chloro«thoxy) methane
Bis(2-Chloroethyl) Ether
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Untreated Treated
Waste to Waste
Incinerator (Kiln Ash)
(mg/kg) (mg/kg)
30
1.5
MA
120
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
MA
3 NO
3
1.5
SAMPLES
184
184
368 TAKEN
368
368
184
184
NA
184
NA
NO
920
918
184
184
184
1840
NO
184
184
184
184
184
184
Scrubber
Uastewater
(mg/l)
0.100
0.005
NA
0.400
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
NA
0.010
0.010
0.005
10
10
20
20
20
10
10
NA
10
NA
NO
50
10
10
10
10
10
NO
10
10
10
10
10
10
Appendix C-49
-------
TABLE C-10 (Continued)
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
232
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semivolatile Orgam'cs (cont.)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
2-Sec-Butyl-4,6-Oinitrophenol
p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzilate
p- Ch I oro- m- creso I
2-Chloronaph thai ene
2-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenyl-phenyl ether
3-Chloropcopionitrile
Chrysene
Ortho-cresol
para-cresol
Cyclohexanone
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Dibenzofuran
Dibenzo(a,e,) Pyrene
Dibenzo(a,i) Pyrene
1 , 3-D i ch lorobenzene
1, 2- Dich lorobenzene
1,4-Dich lorobenzene
3,3'Dichlorobenzidine
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
Diethyl phthalate
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
p-D imethylaminoazobenzene
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Dimethyl Phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
1 , 4 - D i n i t robenzene
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Oinitrotoluene
2,6-Dini trotoluene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Oi-n-propylnitrosoaraine
Diphenylamine (1)
1,2,-Oiphenylhydrazine
Fluoranthene
Fluor ene
Hexach lorobenzene
Hexach lorobutadi ene
Hexach I orocyc I open Cadi ene
Hexach I oroe thane
Hexach I oroph ene
Untreated Treated
Waste to Waste
Incinerator (Kiln Ash)
(rag/kg) (mg/kg)
184
920
184
NA
184
184
184
184
NA
184
184
184
NO
184
184
NA
NA
184
184
184
366
184 NO
NO
184
184
368 SAMPLES
NO
184
184
184 TAKEN
920
918
918
184
184
184
184
368
920
184
184
184
184
184
184
NA
Scrubber
Wastewater
(mg/l)
10
50
10
NA
10
10
10
10
NA
10
10
10
NO
10
10
NA
NA
10
^0
10
20
10
NO
10
10
20
ND
10
10
10
50
50
50
10
10
10 .
10
20
50
10
10
10
10
10
10
NA
Appendix C-50
-------
TABLE C-10 (Continued)
115
116
117
118
119
120
36
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
1-Vl
130
219
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
220
143
144
145
146
ur
148
149
150
151
152
153
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Semi volatile Organ ies (cont.)
Hexach I oropropene
Indeno(1,2,3,-cd) Pyrene
Isosafrole
Isophorone
Hethapyn' lene
3-Methylcholanthrene
4,4'-Methylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline)
Methyl Methanesulfonate
2-Methylnaphthalene
Naphthalene
1 ,4-Naphthoquinone
1-Naphthylamirw
2-Naphthylamine
2-Nitroani t ine
3-Nitroaniline
p-N it roam 1 ine
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol '
4-Nitrophenol
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
!!.!'« < -JJ--U..I .'_
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (1)
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
N-Nitrosomorpholine
1-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
Pentach I orobenzene
Pentach I oroethane
Pent ach I or on i t robenzene
Pentach 1 orophenol
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Phthalic Anhydride
2-Picoline
Pronamide
Pyrene
Resorcinol
lafrate
1 ,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
1, 2 ,4-Trich I orobenzene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
Untreated Treated
Waste to Waste
Incinerator (Kiln Ash)
(mg/kg) (mg/kg)'
ND
184
368
184
NA
368
368
NO
184
184
NA
920
920
918
918
918
184
184
918
ND
ur»
184
184
184 NO
363
184
920
368 SAMPLES
NO
NA
1840
918 TAKEN
368
184
184
NO
184
ND
184
NA
920
368
NO
184
918
184
NO
Scrubber
Wasteuater
(ing/ 1)
ND
10
20
10
NA
20
20
NO
10
10
NA
50
50
50
50
50
10
10
50
NO
itn
10
10
10
20
10
50
20
NO
NA
100
50
20
10
10
ND
10
ND
10
NA
90
20
NO
10
50
10
NO
Appendix C-51
-------
TABLE C-10 (Continued)
BOAT CONSTITUENT
Metals - Total Composition
154 Antimony
155 Arsenic
156 Barium
157 Beryllium
153 Cadmium
159 Chromium
221 Hexavalent Chromium (mg/l)
160 Copper
161 Lead
162 Mercury
163 Nickel
164 Selenium
165 Silver
166 Thallium
167 Vanadium
168 Zinc
Metals - TCLP
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K101 Nonwastewaters
Constituent: Acetone
1
Kiln Ash
Sample Set Concentration
(mg/kg)
1 0.010
2 0.010
3 0.010
2+
Percent
Recovery
106
106
106
3* 4
Accuracy Corrected
Correction Concentration
Factor (mg/kg)
1.0 0.010
1.0 0.010
1.0 0.010
x = 0.010
5
Log
Transform
-4.605
-4.605
-4.605
y = -4.605
s = 0.000
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report, John Zink Company for K101, Table 5-7.
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report, John Zink Company for K101, Table 6-15.
+ - Values^re actually the average of all volatiles.
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor = 100 / Percent Recovery.
* - Corrected concentration cannot be below the detection limit;
therefore, the accuracy factor is adjusted to 1.0.
4 - Corrected Concentration = Kiln Ash Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm, In,- of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard = Corrected Kiln Ash Mean X VF
VF = 2.8 (as explained in Appendix A)
Treatment Standard = Corrected KiIn Ash Mean X VF
= 0.010 X 2.8
= 0.028 mg/kg
Appendix D - 1
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K101 Nonwastewaters
Constituent: Toluene
1
Kiln Ash
Sample Set Concentration
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K101 Nonwastewaters
Consti tuent: AniIine
1
Kiln Ash
Sample Set Concentration
(mg/kg)
1 0.420
2 0.420
3 0.420
2+
Percent
Recovery
40
40
40
3 4
Accuracy Corrected
Correction Concentration
Factor (mg/kg)
2.5 1.05
2.5 1.05
2.5 1.05
x = 1.05
5
Log
Transform
0.049
0.049
0.049
y = 0.049
s = 0.000
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report, John Zink Company for K101, Table 5-7.
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report, John Zink Company for K101, Table 6-16.
+ - Values,are actually the average of all semivolatiles.
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor = 100 / Percent Recovery.
4 - Corrected Concentration = Kiln Ash Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm, In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard = Corrected Kiln Ash Mean X VF
VF = 2.8 (as explained in Appendix A)
Treatment Standard = Corrected Kiln Ash Mean X VF
= 1.05 X 2.8
= 2.940 mg/kg
Appendix D - 3
-------
APPENDIX 0
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K101 Nonuastewaters
Constituent: 2-Nitroaniline
Kiln Ash 1
Sample Set Concentration
(nig/kg)
1 2.0
2 2.0
3 2.0
Percent 2+
Recovery
40
40
40
Accuracy 3 Corrected'
Correction Concentration
Factor (mg/kg)
2.50 5.000
2.50 5.000
2.50 . 5.000
x = 5.000
4
Log 5
Transform
1.609
1.609
1.609
y = 1.609
s = 0.000
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company for K101, Table 5-7.
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company for K101, Table 6-16.
+ - Valuesfare actually the average of all semivolatiles.
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor = 100 / Percent Recovery.
4 - Corrected Concentration = Kiln Ash Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm, In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard = Corrected KiIn Ash Mean X VF
VF = 2.8 (as explained in Appendix A)
Treatment Standard = Corrected Kiln Ash Mean X VF
= 5.000 X 2.80
= 14.000 mg/kg
Appendix D 4
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K102 Nonwastewaters
Constituent: Toluene
Sample Set
1
2
3
4
1
Kiln Ash
Concentration
(nig/kg)
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
2
Percent
Recovery
112
112
112
112
3*
Accuracy
Correction
Factor
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
X
4
Corrected
Concentration
(mg/kg)
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
5
Log
Transform
0.405
0.405
0.405
0.405
y = 0.405
s = 0.000
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report, John Zink Company for K102, Table 5-7.
2 - Obtained1 from the Onsite Engineering Report, John Zink Company for K102, Table 6-15.
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor = 100 / Percent Recovery.
* - Corrected concentration cannot be below the detection limit;
therefore, the accuracy factor is adjusted to 1.0.
4 - Corrected Concentration = Kiln Ash Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm, In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard = Corrected Kiln Ash Mean X VF
VF = 2.8 (as explained in Appendix A)
Treatment Standard = Corrected Kiln Ash Mean X VF
= 1.500 X 2.8
= 4.200 mg/kg
Appendix D - 5
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K102 Nonwastewaters
Constituent: Total Xylenes
Sample Set
1
2
3
4
1
Kiln Ash
Concentration
(mg/kg)
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
2+
Percent
Recovery
112
112
112
112
3*
Accuracy
Correction
Factor
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
4
Corrected
Concentration
(mg/kg)
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
5
Log
Transform
0.405
0.405
0.405
0.405
X =
1.500
y = 0.405
s = 0.000
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report, John Zinc Company for K102, Table 5-7.
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report, John Zinc Company for K102, Table 6-t5.
+ - Values are actually the average of all volatiles.
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor = 100 / Percent Recovery.
* - Corrected concentration cannot be below the detection limit;
therefore, the accuracy factor is adjusted to 1.0.
4 - Corrected Concentration = Kiln Ash Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm. In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard = Corrected Kiln Ash Mean X VF
VF = 2.8 (as explained in Appendix A)
Treatment Standard = Corrected kiln Ash Mean X VF
= 1.500 X 2.8
= 4.200 mg/kg
Appendix 0-6
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K102 Nonwastewaters
Constituent: 2-Nitrophenol
Kiln Ash 1
Sample Set Concentration
(mg/kg)
1 1.0
2 1.0
3 1.0
4 1.0
Percent 2+
Recovery
21
21
21
21
Accuracy 3
Correction
Factor
4.76
4.76
4.76
4.76
X
Corrected
Concentration
(mg/kg)
4.760
4.760
4.760
4.760
= 4.760
4
Log 5
Transform
1.560
1.560
1.560
1.560
y = 1.560
s = 0.000
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company for K102, Table 5-3
through 5-6.
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company for K102, Table 6-16.
+ - Values are actually the value for the isomer 4-Mitrophenol.
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor = 100 / Percent Recovery.
4 - Corrected'Concentration = Kiln Ash Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm. In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard = Corrected Kiln Ash Mean X VF
VF = 2.8 (as explained in Appendix A)
Treatment Standard = Corrected Kiln Ash Mean X VF
= 4.760 X 2.80
= 13.328 mg/kg
Appendix 0-7
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K102 Monwastewaters
Constituent: Phenol
1
Ki In Ash
Sample Set Concentration
(mg/kg)
1 1.0
2 1.0
3 1.0
4 1.0
2
Percent
Recovery
61
61
61
61
3
Accuracy
Correction
Factor
1.64
1.64
1.64
1.64
X
4
Corrected
Concentration
(mg/kg)
1.640
1.640
1.640
1.640
1.640
5
Log
Transform
0.495
0.495
0.495
0.495
y = 0.495
s = 0.000
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report, John Zinc Company, Table 5-7.
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report, John Zinc Company, Table 6-16.
i
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor = 100 / Percent Recovery.
4 - Corrected Concentration = Kiln Ash Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm. In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard = Corrected Kiln Ash Mean X VF
VF = 2.8 (as explained in Appendix A)
Treatment Standard = Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
= 1.640 X 2.8
= 4.592 mg/kg
Appendix D - 8
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K101 Wastewaters
Constituent: 2-Nitroaniline
Sample Set
1
2
3
4
Effluent 1
Concentration
(mg/l)
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
Percent
Recovery
53
53
53
53
Accuracy 3
2+ Correction
Factor
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
X
Corrected
Concentration
(mg/l)
0.095
0.095
0.095
0.095
= 0.095
4
Log 5
Transform
-2.354
-2.354
-2.354
-2.354
y = -2.354
s = 0.000
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tables 5-3 to 5-6.
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Table 6-19.
+ - Values are actually the average of all semivolatiles.
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor = 100 / Percent Recovery.
4 - Corrected Concentration = Effluent Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm. In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard = Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
VF = 2.8 (as explained in Appendix A)
Treatment Standard = Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
= 0.095 X 2.8
= 0.266 mg/l
Appendix D - 9
-------
APPENDIX 0
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K102 Wastewaters
Constituent: 2-Nitrophenol
Sample Set
1
2
3
4
5
6
Effluent 1
Concentration
(nig/ 1)
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
Percent
Recovery
113
113
113
113
113
113
Accuracy 3*
2+ Correction
Factor
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Corrected 4
Concentration
(mg/l)
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
Log 5
Transform
-4.605
4.605
-4.605
-4.605
-4.605
-4.605
0.010 y = -4.605
s = 0
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Tables 5-3 to 5-8.
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for John Zink Company, Table 6-19.
+ - Values are actually for the isomer 4-nitrophenol.
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor = 100 / Percent Recovery.
* - Corrected concentration cannot be below the detection limit;
therefore, the accuracy factor is adjusted to 1.0.
4 - Corrected Concentration = Effluent Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm, In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard = Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
VF = 2.8 (as explained in Appendix A)
Treatment Standard = Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
= 0.010 X 2.80
= 0.028 mg/l
Appendix D - 10
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K101 and K102 Uastewaters
Constituent: Arsenic
Effluent
Sample Set Concentration
(mg/l)
1 0.415
2 2.000
3 0.513
4 0.418
5 0.440
I
Percent 2
Recovery
143
143
143
143
143
Accuracy 3
Correction
Factor
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
X
Corrected
Concentration
(mg/l)
0.291
1.400
0.359
0.293
0.308
0.530
4
Log 5
Transform
-1.234
0.336
-1.024
-1.228
-1.178
y = -0.866
s = 0.677
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for 0004, Table 5-15
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for D004, Table 6-14
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor = 100 / Percent Recovery.
4 - Corrected Concentration = Effluent Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm, In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard = Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
Calculation of Variability Factor (VF):
C = exp (y + 2.33s)
where y = the mean of the log transforms
s = the standard deviation of the log transforms.
Therefore, C = exp (-0.866 + 2.33(0.677))
= exp (0.711)
= 2.036
and VF = C / x
where x = the mean of the corrected effluent concentrations.
Therefore, VF = C / x
= 2.036 / 0.530
= 3.842
Treatment Standard = Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
= 0.530 X 3.842
= 2.036 mg/l
Appendix D - 11
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K101 and K102 Wastewaters
Constituent: Cadmium
Sample Set
1
2
3
4
5
Effluent 1
Concentration
(mg/l)
0.080
0.080
0.080
0.080
0.080
Percent 2
Recovery
94
94
94
94
94
Accuracy 3
Correction
Factor
1.06
1.06
1.06
1.06
1.06
Corrected 4
Concentration
(mg/l)
0.085
0.085
0.085
0.085
0.085
Log 5
Transform
2.465
-2.465
-2.465
-2.465
-2.465
X =
0.085 y = -2.465
s = 0.000
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for D004, Table 5-15
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for D004, Table 6-14
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor = 100 / Percent Recovery.
4 - Corrected Concentration = Effluent Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm, In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard = Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
Calculation of Variability Factor (VF):
C = exp (y + 2.33s)
where y = the mean of the log transforms
s = the standard deviation of the log transforms.
Therefore, C = exp (-2.465 + 2.33(0.0))
: = exp (-2.465)
= 0.085
and VF = C / x
where x = the mean of the corrected effluent concentrations.
Therefore, VF = C / x
= 0?085 / 0.085
= 1.0
A variability factor of one was not used in calculating the treatment standards.
The variability factor of 2.80 was substituted for the value 1.
Treatment Standard = Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
= 0.085 X 2.80
= 0.238 mg/l
Appendix D - 12
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K101 and K102 Wastewaters
Constituent: Lead
Effluent 1
Sample Set Concentration
(mg/l)
1 0.005
2 0.029
3 0.025
4 0.010
5 0.025
I
Percent 2
Recovery
84
84
84
84
84
Accuracy 3
Correction
Factor
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.19
X
Corrected 4
Concentration
(mg/l)
0.006
0.035
0.030
0.012
0.030
0.023 y
s
Log 5
Transform
-5.116
-3.352
-3.507
-4.423
-3.507
= -3.981
= 0.763
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for D004, Table 5-15
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for 0004, Table 6-14
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor = 100 / Percent Recovery.
4 - Corrected Concentration = Effluent Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm. In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard = Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
Calculation of Variability Factor (VF):
C = exp (y + 2.33s)
where y = the mean of the log transforms
s = the standard deviation of the log transforms.
Therefore, C = exp (-3.981 + 2.33(0.763))
= exp (-2.203)
= 0.110
and VF = C / x
where x = the mean of the corrected effluent concentrations.
Therefore, VF = C / x
= o!l10 / 0.023
= 4.783
Treatment Standard = Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
= 0.023 X 4.783
= 0.110 mg/l
Appendix D - 13
-------
APPENDIX D
Calculation of Treatment Standards for K101 and K102 Wastewaters
Constituent: Mercury
Sample Set
1
2
3
4
5
Effluent 1
Concentration
(mg/l)
0.001
0.004
0.009
0.004
0.006
Percent 2
Recovery
95
95
95
95
95
Accuracy 3
Correction
Factor
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
Corrected 4
Concentration
(mg/l)
0.001
0.004
0.009
0.004
0.006
Log 5
Transform
-6.908
-5.521
-4.711
-5.521
-5.116
0.005 y = -5.555
s = 0.827
1 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for 0004, Table 5-15
2 - Obtained from the Onsite Engineering Report for 0004, Table 6-14
3 - Accuracy Correction Factor = 100 / Percent Recovery.
4 - Corrected Concentration = Effluent Concentration X Accuracy Correction Factor.
5 - Log Transform using the natural logarithm. In, of the Corrected Concentration.
Treatment Standard = Corrected Effluent Mean X VF
Calculation of Variability Factor
-------
APPENDIX E
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
The comparative method of measuring thermal conductivity has
been proposed as an ASTM test method under the name "Guarded,
Comparative, Longitudinal Heat Flow Technique". A thermal heat
flow circuit is used which is the analog of an electrical circuit
with resistances in series. A reference material is chosen to
have a thermal conductivity close to that estimated for the
sample. Reference standards (also known as heat meters) having
the same cross-sectional dimensions as the sample are placed
above and below the sample. An upper heater, a lower heater, and
a heat sink are added to the "stack" to complete the heat flow
circuit. See Figure. 1.
The temperature gradients (analogous to potential
differences) along the stack are measured with type K
(chromel/alumel) thermocouples placed at known separations. The
thermocouples are placed into holes or grooves in the references
and also in the sample whenever the sample is thick enough to
accommodate them.
For molten samples, pastes, greases, and other materials
that must be contained, the material is placed into a cell
consisting of a top and bottom of Pyrex 7740 and a containment
ring of marinite. The sample is 2 inch in diameter and .5 inch
Appendix E - 1
-------
GUARD
GRADIENT
STACK
GRADIENT"
THERMOCOUPLE
CLAMP
BOTTOM
REFERENCE
SAMPLE
LOWER; STACK
HEATER
LIQUID COOLED
HEAT ISINK
HEAT FLOW
DIRECTION
UPPER
GUARD
HEATER
K
LOWER
GUARD
HEATER
FIGURE 1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE COMPARATIVE METHOD
Appendix E - 2
-------
thick. Thermocouples are not placed into the sample but rather
the temperatures measured in the Pyrex are extrapolated to give
the temperature at the top and bottom surfaces of the sample
material. The Pyrex disks also serve as the thermal conductivity
reference material.
The stack is clamped with a reproducible load to insure
intimate contact between the components. In order to produce a
linear flow of heat down the stack and reduce the amount of heat
that flows radially, a guard tube is placed around the stack and
the intervening space is filled with insulating grains or powder.
The temperature gradient in the guard is matched to that in the
stack to further reduce radial heat flow.
1
The comparative method is a steady state method of measuring
thermal conductivity. When equilibrium is reached, the first
flux (analogous to current flow) down the stack can be determined
from the references. The heat into the sample is given by
Qin =
and the heat out of the sample is given by
Qout = Abottom
-------
where
A = thermal conductivity
dT/dx = temperature gradient
and top refers to the upper reference while bottom refers to the
lower reference. If the heat was confined to flow just down the
stack, then Q. and Q . would be equal. If Q. and Q ^
in out ^ ~m xout are in
reasonable agreement, the average heat flow is calculated from
Q -
The sample thermal conductivity is then found from
sample = Q/(dT/d*) sample
The result for the K102 Activated Charcoal Waste tested is
given in Table 1. The sample was held at an average temperature
of 42 °C with a 53 °C temperature drop across the sample for
approximately 20 hours before the temperature profile became
steady and the conductivity measured. At the conclusion of the
test, it appeared that some "drying" of the sample had occurred.
The result for the K101 waste tested is given in Table 1.
The sample was held at an average temperature of 39 °C with a 39 "C
temperature drop across the sample for approximately 4 hours
Appendix E - 4
-------
before the temperature profile became steady and the conductivity
measured. At the conclusion of the test, it appeared that some
"drying" of the sample had occurred. Bubbles had formed in the
sample and migrated to the top of the sample in contact with the
upper reference. Approximately 15% of the upper Pyrex reference
was not in contact with the sample when thermal equilibrium was
reached. Thus, the conductivity given in Table 1 may be low by 5
to 10%.
TABLE 1
THE RESULTS OF THE MEAUREMENT .OF THE THERMAL
CONDUCTIVITY USING THE COMPARATIVE METHOD
Sample ( Temperature Thermal
Conductivity
(°C) (W/mK)*
K101 Waste 39
.273
K102 Activated
Charcoal Waste 42 .136
*1 W/mK = 6.933 BTU in/h ft? °F = .5778 BTU/h ft °F
Appendix E - 5
-------
Appendix F
i
.Continuous Emissions Monitoring Report
and
Strip Charts for Engineering Site Visit
-------
Results of Arsenic Emissions Sampling
and Continuous Emissions Monitoring for K101 and K102 Waste Incineration
At
John Zink Company, Tulsa, OK
Prepared By:
Darrell Doerle, Scientist
Process Engineering
Radian Corporation
P.O. Box 13000
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
February 5, 1988
-------
Arsenic Emissions Sampling and Continuous
Emissions Monitoring At John Zink
1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0 ARSENIC EMISSIONS SAMPLING
3.0 SAMPLE ANALYSIS
4.0 ARSENIC SAMPLING RESULTS
5.0 CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING
APPENDIX: TEST SUMMARIES AND RAW DATA FROM ARSENIC SAMPLING
-------
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Radian Corporation was contracted by Versar, Inc. to provide
arsenic emissions sampling and continuous emissions monitoring at the
John Zink Company's Tulsa, Oklahoma facility during the week of
December 1, 1987. This work was performed in association with the EPA's
program to develop treatment standards for wastes subject to land disposal
restrictions. Radian Corporation's sampling efforts were conducted under the
direction of Darrell Doerle and coordinated with the project manager,
Mr. Robert Morton, of the Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc. The purpose of the
emissions sampling was to monitor arsenic emissions created by incineration of
the arsenic containing hazardous waste K102. The continuous emissions
monitoring provided documentation of CO, C0?, 0?, and total hydrocarbon
emissions from the afterburner during incineration of wastes K102 and K101.
The following is a brief discussion of the sampling and analytical procedures
used as well as presentation of the results.
2.0 ARSENIC EMISSIONS SAMPLING
Three flue gas (emissions) samples were taken during the
incineration of waste K102 for the determination of arsenic emissions. Total
arsenic emissions are reported in the form of arsenic trioxide at the request
of the State of Oklahoma. Samples were taken in accordance with protocols
delineated in EPA Method 108 (Code of Federal Regulations Part 61, Appendix
B).
Pallflex filters (type 2500 QAT-UP) were used for particulate
phase collection of arsenic. These filters were selected for their low metals
content as well as applicability to EPA Method 5 particulate sampling. Filter
temperature was maintained at 248° + 25°F for all samples. An effort was made
to keep filter temperatures at the hotter end of the allowable range due to
the low stack temperature and high moisture content. Figure 1-1 illustrates
the sampling train that was used.
cah.010
-------
Water
Silica Gal
Tharmomatar
Check Valva
Tharmocoupl
Typa Pilot
Thermometer*
Orifice
Stack Waller
Vacuum Llna
Dry Ga» Air-Tight
Matar Pump
Figure 1-1 Components of the EPA Method 108 sampling train
-------
.Feed
Cyclone
After Burner
Ash Basin
CEM
PORT
Fan
Scrubber
I
Mnal Combustion
Chamber
\ /Arsenic
Sampling Location
Exhaust
Figure 1-2. Gas Flow Schematic
-------
Samples were taken in a twelve inch vertical duct located
approximately 30 feet downstream of the scrubber outlet and 12 feet upstream
of the final combustion chamber (Figure 1-2). Access to the gas stream was
through two three inch ports set at 90° to each other and located eight feet
downstream, three feet upstream from the nearest gas flow disturbance. Six
points were sampled per port for five minutes each (60 minute test) for each
of the three emissions samples'that were collected. A schematic of the test
matrix is shown in Figure 1-3.
At the beginning of the incineration test burn, there was a
three hour supply of K102 waste for incinerator feed. In order to allow for
time between collection of emissions samples and possible sampling problems,
collection of the second sample was started halfway through collection of the
first sample (at the port change). Collection of the third emission sample
began following completion of the second sample.
<
After sample collection the sampling train impingers were weighed
for gravimetric moisture determination. The trains were then recovered in the
following three components:
1) 0.1N NaOH rinses of probe, nozzle, and front half glassware;
2) filter;
3) back half impinger catch and 0.1N NaOH rinses of back half
glassware.
Recovery containers were sealed, labeled, and logged into a master
sample log book.
3.0 SAMPLE ANALYSIS
Samples to be analyzed for arsenic were taken to Carl a Lance of
National Analytical Laboratories (NAL) in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Due to the high
amount of arsenic found in the samples, NAL performed inductively coupled
argon plasma spectroscopy (ICAP) to provide higher resolution over a wider
range of concentrations than would be possible by atomic absorption
cah.010
-------
Port
.'A
x 1
Diameter = 12'
* 2
* 3
X
I
tPort
8-
9 ? stance ' to WalT
0.5" ____
3.6"
8.4"
10.25"
11.5"
Figure 1-3. Cross Sectional Schematic
of Emission Sampling Location
-------
spectroscopy. Prior to analysis front half fractions were combined into one
fraction, as were back half fractions. Analysis was then performed to
determine total front half arsenic and total back half arsenic for each of the
three samples collected.
4.0 ARSENIC SAMPLING RESULTS
The results of the arsenic testing can be found in Table 3-1.
Complete test summaries and the raw data are found in the appendix. In
calculating arsenic trioxide emissions from total arsenic emissions, it was
assumed all arsenic was oxidized to As203 in the final combustion chamber. As
shown in the table, the arsenic trioxide emission rate ranged from 0.0067 to
0.0139 kg/hr. The following two factors may have contributed to the apparent
rise in arsenic emissions rates over time:
1) Feed of K102 waste to the incinerator began approximately
2,0 minutes after the stack samplers were instructed to begin
.collection of the first arsenic emissions sample; however,
the emission rates were calculated based on the total time
period for arsenic sample collection;
2) Scrubber water was recycled without addition of make-up
water during the entire emission sampling period for K102
waste.
5.0 CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING
Continuous emission monitoring was performed at the afterburner
outlet location for 02, COp, CO, and total hydrocarbons (THC). The sampling
location is shown on Figure 1-2. The continuous monitoring was performed for
the duration of the test burns of K102 waste and K101 waste. The primary
intent of continuous monitoring was to: 1) observe fluctuations in flue gas
parameters, and 2) provide documentation of combustion conditions.
cah.010
-------
Sample acquisition was accomplished using an in-stack ceramic
probe filtered with an out-of-stack Balstron filter. The sample was
D
transported to the mobile laboratory using a heated Teflon sample line,
maintained at a temperature >120°C. Flue gas analyzed for CL, CCL, and CO was
first pumped through a sample conditioner to knock out moisture, providing
analysis on a dry basis. A separate, unconditioned gas sample was supplied to
the THC analyzer for wet basis analysis. The concentrations were continuously
recorded on stripcharts.
and THC:
The following instruments were used to analyze for CO, C0?, 0?,
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Beckman Model 865
Concentration Infrared Analyzer;
Range 0-500 ppm
i
Carbon .Dioxide (CO,,) Beckman Model 865
Concentration Infrared Analyzer;
Range 0-20%
Oxygen (02) Thermox
Concentration WDG AMETEK;
Range 0-25%
Total Hydrocarbon (THC) Beckman Model 402
Concentration Flame lonization Detector
Range 0-100 ppm
Copies of all continuous emission data were given to the EPA work
assignment manager, Mr. Juan Baez-Martinez, prior to leaving the test site.
cah.010
-------
TABLE 3-1. SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF ARSENIC EMISSIONS SAMPLING
Arsenic Emissions
cah.010
Arsenic
Emissions
Flow Total Arsenic As AS90,
Sample % 0, % H,0 ACFM DSCFM #/hr kg/hr #/hr kg/fir
c.
1 6.1 53.7 1686 630 .0111 .0050 .0147 .0067
2 6.1 56.0 1736 615 .0181 .0082 .0239 .0108
3 5.7 55.5 1695 060 .0231 .0105 .0305 .0139
-------
APPENDIX
cah.010
-------
SOURCE:
METHOD C2 5
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST tt
DATE
TEST PERIOD
JOHN ZINK
TULSA , OK
SCRUBBER OUTLET
BOAT-J Z-I 201-AS-U i
12/01/37
1725-1830
PARAMETER
VALUE
Sampling time (min.)
Barometric Pressure (in.Hg)
Sampling nozzle diameter (in.,1
neter Volume ecu. -ft.)
Meter Pressure (in.H20)
rleter Temperature (F)
S tac k d i mens i on ( sq . i n . .<
Stack Static Pressure (in.H2(J)
3 Lack lloicjturs Collected vqm.>
Absolute stack pressure (in Hg>
Hverage stack temperature (F)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2,
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pi tot Constant
60
29.57
.376
36.337
1.225
/4.B3335
11 3 . 0976
1 . <+
d78.^
29.o7294
IS9.0833
8.5
6. 1
85.4
13.12519
1.0051
.84
* Although Method 108 was used for arsenic sampling, EPA Methods 2-5
were used to calculate gas flow and emission rates as shown in the
sample calculations to follow.
-------
Iftixi SOURCE TEST
METHODS ZZ S
!= I l\lftL_ RESULTS
JOHN ZINK
TULSA , DK
SCRUBBER OUTLET
BDAT-J Z-1201-AS-01
12/01/87
1725-1830
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOGAT ION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
PARAMETER RESULT
Vm(dsct:) 35.74246
Vm(dscm) l.O12226
Vw gas (set.) 41.40713
Vw gas (scm) 1.17265
'/. moi sture 53. 67123
Md .4632877
MWd 29.^04
MW J3..:./399
V3(fpm,' 2147.268
Vs Cmpm) 654.ob5
Flow(acfni) 1686.464
K1 ow (ac mm; 47. 76O6 /
Flowldscfm; 630.3191
Fl aw (.dscrnm) 17.B5064
X I 96.31988
'/. EA 37.09199
Program Revisi on: 1/16/84
-------
r i CLJI
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST ₯f
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SOURCE
L-OiQiO I N(3
JOHN ZINK
TULSA , OK
SCRUBBER OUTLET
BDAT-JZ-1201-AS-01
12/01/87
1725-1830
PARAMETER
FRONT-HALF
TRAIN TOTAL
Total Grams
Grams/dsct
Grams/ act
drai ns/dscf
Grai ns/act
'jr.s.ns/ dscm
0. U041SOO
0.0001169
0. O000437
0.001S045
0. OOO6744
0. 00411:94
0.0047580
0 . 000 1 33 1
O.OOOU49S
0.0020540
0.000/0/7
O. 0047004
!-'auna 3.' aact
Paunns,' act
i:aun J s/ Hr
>" i 1 cjqr sins/ Hr
O. '.."JUUOU i
O. 009 7524
0. u0442"J 7
O. '
0. UOUUf'Oi
o. oil lolo
O. 0050351-
Program Revisi on:1/16/84
-------
SOURCE: TEST
< IR
T e m p e r a t ur s ' l~" .'
cl ,i men = i on , 3tj . : n . )
<,in.,'
Meter
Meter
b tack
stack
LH.H20)
pressure(in
ernperatura
Hq;
Static:
Moisture L,O 11 acred '.gm,1
Absolute stacl.
Average stack
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent N2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor
Pi tot Constant
60
29.57
.375
81.953ot
1. 4
29.67294
191.25
3.5
6. 1
S5.4
13.434t>8
1. 005e>
.84
-------
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST tt
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SOURCE
METMODS SS
RESULTS
JOHN ZINK
fULSA , OK
SCRUBBER OUTLET
BDAT-JZ-.L201-AS-02
12/01/87
1802-1905
PARAMETER RESULT
Vm 17.40902
7. I 99.85988
/I EA 37.09199
Program Revisi on:1/16/84
-------
R: *=» r> i ^ N SOURCE:
METHOD 5
ICLJLi^TE L-O^O I
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
JOHN ZIMK
TULSA , OK
SCRUBBER OUTLET
BOAT-J Z-1201-AS-02
12/01/87
1302-1905
PARAMETER
FRONT-HALF
TRAIN TOTAL
Total Grams
Srams/dscf
brams/act
Grains/ dsc f
brai ns/ act
i;r ams,' dscm
S-'aunds/ dsc f
Founds /act
Pounds/ Hr
Ki 1 ograms/Hr
0.U0730UO
O.OOU2031
U. (J000719
0. 00-:'131'4
O. i.101 1095
0. '.'071 70o
u.uo253d9
i.'. UOOOOO4
U.OU00002
0.0165157
0.0074915
U.U079850
0.0002221
O.00007S7
'..'. 0034275
0. UO1-1106
O.O07S4J4
'J. UO27771
0.U000005
O.OOOOO02
0.0180655
O.OO81°44
Program Ravi si on:1/16/84
-------
I «^|xl SOURCE TEST-
ER'^ MfcE-TMOD S S
JOHN 2INK
TULSA , OK
SCRUBBER OUTLET
BOAT-J Z-1201-AS-0
12/01/87
1920-2024
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
PARAMETER
VALUE
Meter
Meter
5tacK
^ tack
Sampling time (mm.)
Barometric Pressure dn.Hg;
Sampling nozzle diameter nn.)
Meter Volume (cu.tt.)
Pressure (in.H^G)
Temperature ',;-;
dimension , sq.iii./
Static Pressure iin.H^u;
Moisture Lollected (gin)
absolute stack pressure (in Hg;
Average '.r;tack Lemper attire vF)
Percent C02
Percent 02
Percent IM2
Delps Subroutine result
DGM Factor-
Pi tot Constant
60
29.57
.376
35.993
1 . 2208 J.3
71.70333
113. 0'7.'C3
1.3
V42.B
29.66559
190.75
10. 3
5. 7
34
13.16211
1.0051
.84
-------
^M SOUROIEE
METHODS S
PLANT
PLttNT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
TEST
JOHN ZINK
TUL3A , OK
SCRUBBER OUTLET
BDAT-JZ-1201-AS-U3
12/01/87
1920-2024
PARAMETER
«ESUL
Vm(dsct)
Vm ( dscm )
Vw gas t set )
Vw gas tscmJ
7. mo i <: t tir e
Md
MWd
nw
Vs(tpm;
Vs (mp.n;
Flow^acfm)
F 1 ow U\c/nm ;
Flow Cdsctrn,'
Flow(dscmm)
7. I
'/. EA
35.61675
1 . 00866
-------
^M SOLJFtOEE
MET"HOE> 5
"TEST
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOGATION
TEST #
DATE
TEST PERIOD
JOHN ZINK
TULSA , OK
SCRUBBER OUTLET
BDAT-JZ-1201-AS-03
12/01/87
1920-2024
PARAMETER
Total Grams
Grams/dscf
Brams/acf
Gr ains/dscf
Jrai ns/ acf
;.if--iins,- dscm
Ur^ma/ a cm
Pound s/dsc-^
Pounds /acf
Pounds/ Hr
K i 1 oqrams/Hr
FRONT-HALF
0. UOaSOOO
0. OOO23S7
0. OUU0854
O.U036324
o.vOUl/-'
O.o '-..'8 4 26 8
0. o O 00 002
0 . 0 1 9 1 48S
0.0086858
TRAIN TOTAL/A^) /I ^ \
0,010270O
0.0002383
0.0001u32
0.0044492
0.0015911
.'.01O1816
0. 00364.:, i
0. 00000'-.'6
O.OOO0002
0.0231362
0.0104945
.0505"
a 35
Program Rsvisi on: I/l6/t4
-------
PLANT
PLANT SITE
SAMPLING LOCATION
TEST *
DATE
TEST PERIOD
SOURCE TEST
METHOD 3 3
L_CLJI_rtT I ON
JOHN ZINK
TULSA , OK
SCRUBBER OUTLET
BOAT-J Z-1201-AS-03
12/01/87
1920-2024
1; Volume at dry gas sampled at standard conditions (68 dag-F ,29.92 in. Hg)
Y x Vm x CT(std; * 4601 x CPb + (Pm/13.6) ]
ViTR ^ r> L. CJ ) __._ ____«_____.___..__ ___.__
P
-------
T JL
TWO
5;Average Molecular Weight of DRY stack gas :
MWd = (.44 x 7.CC2) + (.32 x 7.02) + (.23 x 7.N2)
MWd = (.44 x 10.3 ) + i . 32 x 5.7 ) + (.28 x 84 ) = 29.876
a.1 average Molecular Weight o-f wee stack gas :
rtW = MWd x Md + 18(1 - Md,<
/iW -= JV.376 ,: .4448215 -f- LBCl -- .44482-15 J - 23.2827
. ; stack gas velocity in t-set-per-nu nute itpnu at stack ,:onaitions :
'a - K.pxCp :: CEQRT (dP) J -CaveJ- :: SORT CTs Lavq>;j x SORT Ci/(Hs:;MW)J x eosec.'.nin
«
Vs = tJ5.4V x .84 x 4?0 x 13.16211 x SQR1 L 1 / ( 29.6od59 X 23.2827 >3
Vs = 2157.385 FPrt
8) Average stack gas dry volumetric flow rate (DSCFM) :
','s x As x Md ;: T(3td) : Ps
, ) -J _ ^^
L*. 3U " -.«-^
144 cu. in./cu.-f t. x ( T<3 -1-460J :: P(std;
2137.885 x 113.0976 x .4448215 x528x 29.6o559
i'"t - -t .
L! aU ^ - _._.--____,»._-_________
144 x 650./5 x 29.92
Qsd = 606.4793 dscfm
-------
SAMPLE CALCULATION
Isokinetic sampling rate (%):
Dimensional Constant C = K4 x 144 x [l/(pI/4J]
k4 = .0945 For English Units
1% = C x Vmfstd) x (Ts + 460)
Vs x Tt x Ps x Md x (On) 2
1% = 1039.574 x 35.61675 x 650.75
2157.885 x 60 x 29.66559 x .4448215 x ( .376) 2
1% = 99.75398
Excess air (%):
EA = 100 x %02 100 x 5.7
(.264 x %N2) - %02 (.264 x 84) - 5.7
EA = 34.60
i
Participate concentration:
Cs = (grams As)./Vm(std) = .01027/35.61675
Cs = 0.0002883 Grams/DSCF
Ca = Tfstd) x Md x Ps x Cs
P(std) x Ts
Ca = 528 x .4448215 x 29.66559 x 0.0002883
29.92 x 650.75
Ca = 0.0001032 Grams/ACF
16 As/hr = Cs x 0.002205 x Qsd x 60
16 As/hr = 0.002883 x 0.002205 x 606.5 x 60
16 As/hr = .0231362
16 As9Cu = 16 As x 16 mole As x 16 mole As?0,, x 16 As
* J hr 16 As 2 16 mole AV 16 mol
16 As000 = 0.0231362 x 197.84
74.92 x 2
£.'3
16 As203 = 0.0305
cah.010
-------
PARAMETER
D i *=» N SOLJIRCE TEST
E F" rt MET MOOS S S
I M 1 T I OM OF=' TERMS
DEFINITION
Tt (min. )
Dn u n . )
Ps(in.H2Q)
Vm(cu. ft. )
Vw (gm. )
Pm(in.H20)
Tm(F)
Pb 1 1 n . Hcj . ;
/; LOT:
As isq . i n . ;
i's^F)
VmCdsc-f .'
V'm (dscm)
Vw gas i set)
7. moisture
Md
MWd
MW
Vsttpm)
Fl ow (act (TU
F'low (acmm>
Fl ow (dsctm)
Flaw (dscmm;
7. i
7. EA
DGM
Y
pg
Cp
dH
dP
*** EPA
STANDARD
CONDITIONS
TOTAL SAMPLING TIME
SAMPLING NOZZLE DIAMETER
ABSOLUTE STACK STATIC GAS PRESSURE
ABSOLUTE VOLUME OF GAS SAMPLE MEASURED BY DGM
TOTAL STACK MOISTURE COLLECTED
AVERAGE STATIC PRESSURE OF OGM
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF DGM
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE -
CARBON DIOXIDE CONTENT LJF STACK l^AS
OXYGEN CONTENT OF STACK GAS
NITROGEN COlMlfciMT OF STACK bAS
MVE. SQ. ROOT OF S-PITOT DIFF. PRESSURE-TEMP. PRODUCTS
CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF STACK(DUCT)
TEMPERATURE OF STACK
STANDARD VOLUME OF GAS SAMPLED ,Vm(std),AS DRY STD. CF
STANDARD VOLUME OF GAS SAMPLED,Vm(std),A3 DRY STD. CM
VOLUME OF WATER VAPOR IN GAS SAMPLE,STD
WATER VAPOR COMPOSITION OF STACK GAS
PROPORTION, BY VOLUME,OF DRY GAS IN GAS SAMPLE
MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF STACK GAS,DRY BASIS LB/LB-MOLE
MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF STACK GAS,WET BASIC LB/LB-MOLE
AVERAGE STACK GAS VELOCITY
STACK bAS FLOW RATE(ACTUAL STACK COND.)
STACK GAS FLOW RATE (ACTUAL. STACK COND.)
STACK GAS VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE(DRY BASIS)
STACK GAS VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE(DRY BASIS)
AVERAGE
AVERAGE
AVERAGE
AVERAGE
PERCENT
PERCENT
DRY GAS
DRY GAS
IN STACK GAS
1 SDKINET1C
EXCESS AIR-
METER
METER CORRECTION FACTOR
STACK STATIC GAS PRESSURE
PITOT COEFFICIENT
ORIFICE PLATE DIFF. PRESS. VALUE
PITOT DIFF. PRESS. VALUE
Temperature = 68 deg-F (528 deg-R)
Pressure = 29.92 in. Hg.
-------
NATIONAL ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES
A Division of
U.S.
POLLUTION
CONTROL. INC.
3. SCHWARTZ
VERGAR INC.
P.O. BOX .1549
SPRINGFIELD
UA 22151
REPORT NUMBER: L002008
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION; 2330-0:1
CUSTOMER IDENTIFICATION: JZ-01 & -02
DATE SAMPLED: 12/01/87
TYPE OF MATERIAL: FILTER/LIQ
DATE RECEIVED: 12/02/87
DATE COMPLETED: 12/03/87
DEJL-LJLtiJLL
BESLiLJ.
ARSENIC (T)
FINAL U EIGHT OF FILTER
J.OC
2 UG
0,0001 GPAri'i
4380 (.!(>
8DL = BELOU DETECTION LIMIT
5324 West 46th Street South P.O. Box 9857 Tulsa. Oklahoma 74157-0857 (918) 446-1162
-------
NATIONAL ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES
A Division of
U.S.
POLLUTION
CONTROL. INC.
S. SCHWARTZ
VERSAR INC.
P.O. BOX 1549
SPRINGFIELD
'-JA 22151
REPORT NUMBER; 1.002008
PAGE
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION: 2380-02
CUSTOMER IDENTIFICATION: JZ-03 & -04
DATE SAMPLED: 12/01/87
TYPE OF MATERIAL: LIQUID
A8AM£J.£R
B£L_J:iEJJiflfl
DATE RECEIVED: 12/02/87
DATE COMPLETED; 1J/03/37
O.EL.....L.1M.I.I
EESJJiJL
.KGENIC
-------
NATIONAL ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES
A Division of
U.S.
POLLUTION
CONTROL. INC.
B, SCHUARTZ
VERSAR INC.
P.O. BOX 1549
SPRINGFIELD
'v>A
22151
REPORT NUMBER; I..00200S
PAGE
SAMPLE I IDENTIFICATION: 2380-03
CUSTOMER IDENTIFICATION: JZ-05 & -06
DATE SAMPLED: 12/01/87
TYPE OF MATERIAL: FILTER./LIQ
S£F_i_J.*i£T±lQD
DATE RECEIVED: J.2/02/87
DATE COMPLETED; 12/03/87
QEL._.Ll±lLI
5ESIJJL1
(T)
u c-: i G H i' o F r i L r L: R
.03
:: uc-.
O.OOOJ. OR A
7300 Ub
11 \' f-\ n
BUL. = BELOW DETECTION LIMIT
5324 West 46th Street South P.O. Box 9857 Tulsa, Oklahoma 74157-0857 (918) 446-1162
-------
NATIONAL ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES
A Division of
m
U.S.
POLLUTION
CONTROL. INC.
S. SCHWARTZ
VERSAR INC.
P.O. BOX 1549
SPRINGFIELD
2215.1
REPORT NUMBER: L002008
PAGE
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION: 2330-04
CUSTOMER IDENTIFICATION: JZ-07 & -08
DATE SAMPLED: 12/01/87
TYPE OF MATERIAL: LIQUID
DATE RECEIVED: 12/02/87
DATE COMPLETED: 12/03/87
fiEiUl. i.
2 Ub
ufDL = BC-ILOU DETECTION LIMIT
5324 West 46th Street South P.O. Box 9S57 Tulsa, Oklahoma 74157-0857 (918) 446-1162
-------
NATIONAL ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES
' A Division of
U.S.
POLLUTION
CONTROL. INC.
S. SCHWARTZ
VERSAR INC.
P.O. BOX 1549
SPRINGFIELD MA 22151
REPORT NUMBER; L00200S PAGE 5
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION: 2:380-05 DATE RECEIVED: 12/02/87
CUSTOMER IDENTIFICATION; JZ-09 & -10 DATE COMPLETED; 12/03/87
DATE SAMPLED; 12/01/87
TYPE OF MATERIAL: FILTER/LIQ
,.aEad£I£R BEL_J:LEJHQD QEX^-UJULI RESULT.
HR;iL"NIC (T) 10(3 :.'' UG £'500 Uf;
rii'Vil. UC-IIGi-ir OF FILTER - 0 , 0001. G R A MS O-o.^i GPi-'-
BDL. = BELOW DETECTION LIMIT
5324 West 46th Street South P.O. Box 9857 Tulsa, Oklahoma 74157-0857 (918) 446-1162
-------
NATIONAL ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES
A Division of
U.S.
POLLUTION
CONTROL. INC.
S.
VERSAR INC.
P.O. BOX 1549
SPRINGFIELD
'.JA 22151
REPORT NUMBER: 1.002003
PAGE
SAMPLE I IDENTIFICATION: 2380-06
CUSTOMER IDENTIFICATION: JZ-11 & -12
DATE SAMPLED: 12/01/87
TYPE OF MATERIAL: LIQUID
JiKAJlETJ-LR
R££J_u£ItlQJl
DATE RECEIVED: 12/02/87
DATE COMPLETED: 12/03/87
RE-SilLI.
10S
1770
8DL = BELGU DETECTION LIMIT
5324 West 46th Street South P.O. Box 9857 Tulsa, Oklahoma 74157-0857 (918) 446-1162
-------
NATIONAL ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES
A Division of
U.S.
POLLUTION
CONTROL. INC.
S. SCHWARTZ
VERSAR INC.
P.O. BOX 1549
SPRINGFIELD
YA 22151
REPORT NUMBER: LOO 2 00 8
AGE
7
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION; 2380-07
CUSTOMER IDENTIFICATION: JZ-13 H20 BLANK
DATE SAMPLED: 12/01/87
TYPE OF MATERIAL: LIQUID
DATE RECEIVED: 12/02/87
DATE COMPLETED: 12/03/87
BESilLI
i.RSENIC ', T>
.LOG
E>[iL
BDL = I3ELOU DETECTION LIMIT
5324 West 46th Street South P.O. Box 9857 Tulsa, Oklahoma 74157-0857 (918) 446-1162
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NATIONAL ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES
A Divis'ion of
m
U.S.
POLLUTION
CONTROL. INC.
S. SCHWARTZ
VERSAR INC.
P.O. BOX 1549
SPRINGf-TELO VA 22151
REPORT NUMBER; L002008 PAGE 8
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION: 2380-08 DATE RECEIVED: 12/02/87
CUSTOMER IDENTIFICATION: JZ-J.4 NAOH BLANK DATE COMPLETE!:: 12/03/87
DATE SAMPLED: 12/01/37
TYPE OF MATERIAL: LIQUID
,.-.jJiAJ:i£I£R ELEILttEIfcLQfl LlEL,._LJj.lI.I BJJSLJU
.-ii".;Ci!lL" CT) 100 2 UG BDl LU'5
SELOU DETECTION LIMIT
5324 West 46th Street South P.O. Box 9857 Tulsa, Oklahoma 74157-0857 (918) 446-1162
-------
Date (DDMMYY):
Initials of Calibrator:
Nozzle
Idencificacion
No.
Di
( inches )
D:
(inches)
D3
Average
(inches) Diameter
r
(inches)
,/ $6
3/3
31
Note: The mfy'mvT" acceptable difference between any cvo measurements is
0.004 inches. If this tolerance cannot be met, the nozzle should not
be used.
Figure 5-2. Nozzle calibration sheet.
5-4
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Dace (DDMMYY) :
/V 7
Initials of Calibrator:
Note: The maximum acceptable difference between any two measurements is
0.004 inches. If this tolerance cannot be met, the nozzle should noc
be used.
Figure 5-2. Nozzle calibration sheet.
5-4
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DATE /.
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SAMPLING TIME (24-hr CLOCK)
SAMPLING LOCATION Ot/rt
SAMPLE TYPE (BAG, INTEGRATED, CONTINUOUS)
ANALYTICAL METHOD.
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SAMPLE TYPE (BAG, INTEGRATED, CONTINUOUS).
ANALYTICAL METHOD & rt J <4-f~
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