530-SW-90-029A
CHARACTERIZATION OF MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTION ASH, ASH
EXTRACTS, AND LEACHATES. COALITION ON RESOURCE RECOVERY
AND THE ENVIRONMENT

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                         TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION                                                       PAGE

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY  	  ES-1

1.0  INTRODUCTION 	  1-1
    1.1       BACKGROUND 	  1-1
    1.2       SCOPEOFWORK 	  1-2

2.0  FACILITY ZA FINDINGS 	  2-1
    2.1       FACILITYZA DESCRIPTION	  2-1
    2.2       CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH 	  2-3
    2.3       CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LEACHATES	  2-3
    2.4       CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH EXTRACTS 	  2-4

3.0  FACILITY ZB FINDINGS 	  3-1
    3.1       FACILITY ZB DESCRIPTION 	  3-1
    3.2       CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH 	  3-3
    3.3       CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LEACHATES 	  3-4
    3.4       CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH EXTRACTS 	  3-5

4.0  FACILITY ZC FINDINGS 	  4-1
    4.1       FACILITY ZC DESCRIPTION 	  4-1
    4.2       CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH 	  4-2
    4.3       CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LEACHATES	  4-3
    4.4       CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH EXTRACTS 	  4-4

5.0  FACILITY ZD FINDINGS 	  5-1
    5.1       FACILITY ZD DESCRIPTION	  5-1
    5.2       CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH 	  5-2
    5.3       CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LEACHATES 	  5-3
    5.4       CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH EXTRACTS 	  5-5

6.0  FACILITY ZE FINDINGS 	  6-1
    6.1       FACILITY ZE DESCRIPTION 	  6-1
    6.2       CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH 	  6-2
    6.3       CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LEACHATES 	  6-3
    6.4       CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH EXTRACTS 	  6-4

7.0  SUMMARY OF RESULTS 	  7-1
    7.1       CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH 	  7-1
    7.2       CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LEACHATES	  7-3
    7.3       CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH EXTRACTS 	  7-4

REFERENCES    	  R-1

APPENDICES

    A       FINAL WORK PLAN
    B        ASH RESULTS
    C        LEACHATE RESULTS
    D       ASH EXTRACT RESULTS
R339911

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                                   TABLES
NUMBER                                                             v  PAGE

ES-1       Major Features of MWC Facilities  	   ES-4
ES-2       Major Features of MWC Ash Disposal Facilities  	   ES-6
ES-3       Ash Dioxin Results  	   ES-8
ES-4       Comparison of Ash Extract Metal Analyses Results with  	  ES-12
          Leachate Metal Analyses Results
1-1        Sample Analyses  	   1-4
2-1        Restricted Wastes, Facility ZA  	   2-6
2-2        Ash Semivoiatile Results-Sample ZA-AH-003, Facility ZA  	   2-7
2-3        Ash Dioxin Results - Sample ZA-AH-003, Facility ZA	   2-8
2-4        Ash Metals Analyses, Facility ZA 	   2-9
2-5        Ash Conventional Analyses, Facility ZA  	   2-10
2-6        Leachate Semivoiatile Analyses, Facility ZA 	   2-11
2-7        Leachate Metals Analyses, Facility ZA 	   2-12
2-8        Leachate Conventional Analyses, Facility ZA	   2-13
2-9        Leachate Dioxin Analyses, Facility ZA 	   2-14
2-10      Comparison of Ash Extracts Semivoiatile Analyses with Leachate   .   2-15
          Semivoiatile Analyses,  Ranges of Concentrations, Facility ZA
2-11       Comparison of Ash Extracts Metals Analyses with Leachate  	   2-16
          Metals Analyses, Ranges of Concentrations, Facility ZA
2-12      Comparison of Ash Extracts Conventional Analyses with  	   2-17
          Leachate Conventional Analyses, Ranges of
          Concentrations, Facility ZA
3-1        Ash Semivoiatile Results-Sample ZB-AH-001, Facility ZB 	   3-7
3-2        Ash Dioxin Results-Sample ZB-AH-001, Facility ZB 	   3-8
3-3        Ash Metals Analyses, Facility ZB 	   3-9
3-4       Ash Conventional Analyses, Facility ZB  	   3-10
3-5        Leachate Metals Analyses, Facility ZB 	   3-11
3-6       Leachate Conventional Analyses, Facility ZB  	   3-12
3-7        Leak Detection System Sample Metals Analyses, Facility ZB  	   3-13
3-8       Leak Detection System Sample Conventional Analyses, 	   3-14
          FacilityZB
3-9       Comparison of Ash Extracts Metals Analyses with Leachate  	   3-15
          Metals Analyses, Ranges of Concentrations, Facility ZB
3-10      Comparison of Ash Extracts Conventional Analyses with  	   3-16
          Leachate Conventional Analyses, Ranges of Concentrations,
          FacilityZB
4-1        Ash Semivoiatile Results - Sample ZC-AH-003, Facility ZC	   4-6
4-2       Ash Dioxin Results - Sample ZC-AH-003, Facility ZC 	   4-7
4-3       Ash Metals Analyses, Facility ZC  	   4-8
4-4       Ash Conventional Analyses, Facility ZC	   4-9
4-5       Leachate Metals Analyses, Facility ZC  	   4-10
4-6       Leachate Conventional Analyses, Facility ZC  	   4-11
4-7       Comparison of Ash Extracts Metals Analyses with Leachate 	   4-12
          Metals Analyses, Ranges of Concentrations, Facility ZC
4-8       Comparison of Ash Extracts Conventional Analyses with Leachate    4-13
          Conventional Analyses, Ranges of Concentrations, Facility ZC
5-1       Ash Semivoiatile Results - Sample ZD-AH-003, Facility ZD 	   5-7
5-2       Ash Dioxin Results - Sample ZD-AH-003, Facility ZD	   5-8
 R339911

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                             TABLES (Continued)
NUMBER                                                               PAGE

5-3       Ash Metals Analyses, Facility ZD 	   5-9
5-4       Ash Conventional Analyses, Facility ZD  	   5-10
5-5       Leachate Metals Analyses, Facility ZD  	   5-11
5-6       Leachate Conventional Analyses, Facility ZD	   5-12
5-7       Comparison of Ash Extract Semivolatile Results to Leachate  	   5-13
          Semivolatile Results, Facility ZD
5-8       Comparison of Ash Extracts Metals Analyses with Leachate 	   5-14
          Metals Analyses, Ranges of Concentrations, Facility ZD
5-9       Comparison of Ash Extracts Conventional Analyses with Leachate .   5-15
          Conventional Analyses, Ranges of Concentrations, Facility ZD
6-1       Acceptable Waste, Facility ZE  	   6-5
6-2       Ash Dioxin Results-Sample ZE-AH-003, Facility ZE  	   6-6
6-3       Ash Metals Analyses, Facility ZE 	   6-7
6-4       Ash Conventional Analyses, Facility ZE 	   6-8
6-5       Leachate Semivolatile Analyses, Facility ZE  	   6-9
6-6       Leachate Metals Analyses, Facility ZE  	   6-10
6-7       Leachate Conventional Analyses, Facility ZE 	   6-11
6-8       Comparison of Ash Extract Semivolatile Results to Leachate  	   6-12
          Semivolatile Results, Ranges of Concentrations, Facility ZE
6-9       Comparison of Ash Extracts Metals Analyses with Leachate 	   6-13
          Metals Analyses, Ranges of Concentrations, Facility ZE
6-10      Comparison of Ash Extracts Conventional Analyses with Leachate .   6-14
          Conventional Analyses, Ranges of Concentrations, Facility ZE
7-1       Comparison of Ash Semivolatile Results	   7-6
7-2       Ranges of Concentrations of Semivolatiles in Fly Ash, Bottom Ash,  .   7-7
          and Combined Ash from Municipal Waste Incinerators
7-3       Ash Dioxin Results 	   7-8
7-4       Ranges of Concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs in Fly Ash,  ...   7-9
          Bottom Ash, and Combined Ash From Municipal Waste Incinerators
7-5       Ash Metals Analyses, Ranges of Concentrations  	   7-11
7-6       Ranges of Concentrations of Inorganic Constituents in Fly Ash,  ...   7-12
          Combined Ash, and Bottom Ash from Municipal Waste Incinerators
7-7       Ash Conventional Analyses, Ranges of Concentrations 	   7-14
7-8       Leachate Semivolatile Results, Ranges of Concentrations 	   7-15
7-9       Concentrations of Organic Constituents in Leachate from 	   7-16
          Municipal Waste Landfills, Ash Monofills, and Co-Disposal Sites
7-10      Leachate Dioxin Results, Ranges of  Concentrations  	   7-18
7-11      Concentrations of PCDDs/PCDFsm Leachates from Ash Monofills,  .   7-19
          Ranges of Concentrations
7-12      Leachate Metals Analyses, Ranges of Concentrations	   7-20
7-13      Ranges of Leachate Concentrations of Inorganic  	   7-21
          Constituents from Monofills
7-14      Leachate Conventional Analyses, Ranges of Concentrations  	   7-23
7-15      Ranges of Extract Concentrations of Organic Constituents From  ..   7-24
          Municipal Waste Incinerator Combined Fly  Ash and Bottom Ash
          for Three Leaching Procedures
7-16      Ash Extracts Metals Analyses, Ranges of Concentrations  	   7-25
          Comparison of Literature Values with Results Obtained During
          CORRE Study
R339911                                IV

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                                  FIGURES

NUMBER                                                             PAGE
5-1        Water Quality Lysimeter Installation Detail  	   5-4
R339911

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                     ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS
ASTM
AWQC
CDC
Co-Disposal
CORRE
EP
EPA
ESP
9
kg
L
MCL
mg
Monofill
MSW
MWC
MWEP
ND
PAHs
PCBs
PCDDs
PCDFs
pg
ppb
ppt
QA/QC
RCRA
SMCL
SW-924
TCLP
IDS
TE
TEF
TOC
ug
American Society for Testing and Materials
Ambient Water Quality Criteria
Centers for Disease Control
Disposal together of municipal solid wastes and municipal solid
waste combustion ashes
Coalition on Resource Recovery and the Environment
Extraction Procedure
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Electrostatic Precipitator
grams
kilograms
liter
Maximum Contaminant Level
milligrams
A landfill that contains only solid waste combustion ashes and
residues
Municipal Solid Wastes
Municipal Waste Combustion
Monofilled Waste Extraction Procedure, also known as SW-924
Not detected.
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Polychlorinateddibenzo-p-dioxins
Polychlorinated dibenzofurans
picogram
parts per billion
parts per trillion
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level
Deionized Water Extraction Test Method
Toxic Characteristics Leaching Procedure Test Method
Total Dissolved Solids
Toxicity Equivalents
Toxic Equivalency Factors
Total Organic Carbon
micrograms
R339911
VI

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                ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS (Continued)
TCDD
PeCDO
HxCDD
HpCDD
OCDD
TCDF
PeCDF
HxCDF
HpCDF
OCDF
Tetrachioro Dibenzo-p-Dioxin
Pentachloro Dibenzo-p-Dioxin
Hexachloro Dibenzo-p-Dioxin
Heptachloro Dibenzo-p-Dioxin
Octachloro Dibenzo-p-Dioxin
Tetrachioro Dibenzofuran
Pentachloro Dibenzofuran
Hexachloro Dibenzofuran
Heptachloro Dibenzofuran
Octachloro Dibenzofuran
R339911
                                  VII

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This  report has undergone internal  review by the United States Environmental
Protection Agency and by the Coalition on Resource Recovery and the Environment
and has been subjected to peer review as well.

                              Peer Reviewers

Frank J. Roethel, Ph.D.                       David S. Kosson, Ph.D.
Research Professor                          Research Professor
Marine Sciences Research Center              College of Engineering
Waste Management Institute                 Department of Chemical and
SUNY                                     Biochemical Engineering
Stoneybrook, New York                     Rutgers University
                                          Piscataway, New Jersey

Taylor Eighmy
Research Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
University of New Hampshire
Durham, New Hampshire
R339911

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"Publication of this document shall not be construed as endorsement of the views
expressed herein by The United States Conference of Mayors, the Conference of
Mayors Research and Education Foundation, or any federal funding agency."
R339911

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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                           EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report has been prepared for  the  United  States Environmental  Protection
Agency (EPA) and the Coalition on Resource Recovery and the Environment (CORRE).
EPA and CORRE have cosponsored this study, conducted by  NUS Corporation, to
enhance the data base on the characteristics of Municipal Waste Combustion (MWC)
ashes,  laboratory extracts of MWC  ashes, and leachates from MWC ash disposal
facilities.

The Coalition on Resource Recovery and the Environment (CORRE) was established
to  provide  credible  information  about  resource  recovery  and  associated
environmental issues to the public and to public officials.  In providing information,
CORRE takes no position as to the appropriateness of one technology compared to
others.  CORRE recognizes that successful waste management is an  integrated
utilization of many technologies which taken as a whole, are best selected by an
informed public and informed public officials.

Incineration  of municipal  solid waste (MSW) has become  an  important waste
disposal alternative because it provides an effective means of  reducing the volume
of MSW as well as an important source of energy recovery. Currently,  10 percent of
MSW is incinerated.  Based on the number of municipal waste combustion (MWC)
facilities being planned across the country, this percentage is expected to increase to
roughly 16-25 percent by the year 2000.

As incineration has grown  in popularity, so has concern over the management of
increasing volumes of ash. Ashes from MWC facilities have, on  occasion, exhibited a
hazardous waste characteristic as determined by the EP Toxicity Test.  The debate
regarding the regulatory status of ash and the representativeness and validity of the
EP test continues.  Congress is considering several legislative initiatives that would
give EPA clear authority to develop special management standards for ash under
Subtitle D of RCRA.

To conduct this study, NUS collected combined bottom and fly ash samples from five
mass-burn MWC facilities and leachate samples from the companion ash disposal
facilities.

R339911                               ES-1

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The facilities sampled were selected by CORRE to meet the following criteria:

     •  The facilities were to be state-of-the-art facilities equipped with a variety of
        pollution control equipment.

     •  The facilities were to be located in different regions of the United States.

     •  The companion ash  disposal facilities were to be equipped with leachate
        collection systems or some means of collecting leachate samples.

The identities of the facilities are being held in confidence.

The  ash and  leachate  samples  collected  were analyzed for the  Appendix IX
semivolatile   compounds,   polychlorinated   dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated
dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs),  metals  for which  Federal primary and secondary
drinking water standards exist, and several miscellaneous conventional compounds.
In addition, the ash samples were analyzed for major components in the form of
oxides.  The ash samples were also subjected to six laboratory extraction procedures
and the extracts were then  analyzed for the same compounds as the ash samples.
The following six extraction procedures were used during this study:

     •  Acid Number 1 (EP-TOX).
     •  Acid Number 2 (TCLP Fluid No.  1).
     •  Acid Number 3 (TCLP Fluid No. 2).
     •  Deionized Water (Method SW-924), also known as  the  Monofill Waste
        Extraction Procedure (MWEP).
     •  CO2 saturated deionized water.
     •  Simulated acid rain.

These extraction procedures have  been used separately by a variety of researchers on
MWC ashes but never have all  six procedures been used on the same MWC ashes.
This study was designed to compare the analytical results of the extracts from all six
procedures with each other and with leachate  collected  from the ash disposal
facilities used by the MWC facilities.
R339911                               ES-2

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All sampling, laboratory preparation, and laboratory analysis followed stringent EPA
quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures. The work was performed in
accordance with the Work Plan (Appendix A) prepared by NUS for this project and
with a QA/QC Plan prepared by NUS and approved by EPA. A detailed listing of the
positive results is presented in  a data base which  is included in  this  Report  as
Appendix B (Ash), Appendix C (Leachate), and Appendix D (Ash Extracts). The results
in the data base are presented as reported by the laboratories, complete with the
laboratory's qualifications.  Summaries of the results are presented in Sections 2.0
through 7.0. These summaries include the laboratory's qualifiers and also qualifiers
placed on the data as a result of data validation.

When the laboratories did not  report a positive value for a compound (i.e., the
compound was not present above laboratory detection limits), the compound was
reported as not detected (ND) in the tables in the text.  The laboratory detection
limits are the method detection limits for each specific method, unless interferences
were encountered during the analysis. When interferences occurred, the laboratory
adjusted the  method detection limits by  an  appropriate  dilution factor.  The
analytical methods used in this study were selected so that the method detection
limits were well below present levels of human, environmental, or regulatory
concerns.

The  EPA publication  "Interim  Procedures for Estimating  Risk  Associated with
Exposures to Mixtures of Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans (CDDs
and  CDFs)" was used to evaluate the dioxin data.  These procedures use Toxicity
Equivalency Factors (TEFs) to express the concentrations of the different isomers and
homologs  as  an equivalent  amount  of  2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro  Dibenzo-p-Dioxin
(2,3,7,8-TCDD).  The Toxicity Equivalents, as calculated by using the TEFs, are then
totaled and compared to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommended upper
level of 2,3,7,8-TCDD Toxicity Equivalency of 1 part per billion in  residential soil
(Kimbrough, 1984).

The  major features of the five MWC facilities are provided in Table ES-1,  and the
major features of  the MWC Ash Disposal Facilities are provided in  Table ES-2.
Pertinent information regarding the operating conditions of the MWC facilities, as
well  as information about the air pollution control equipment used by the facilities,
is also provided in Table ES-1.
R339911                               ES-3

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                                                                      TABLE ES-1



                                                           MAJOR FEATURES OF MWC FACILITIES
Operational
Features
Facility Type
Startup Date
Capacity
Combustion
Temperature
Temperature of
air entering the
boiler
Volume of air
entering boiler
Source of ash
quench water
Air pollution
control
equipment
Approximate
waste
composition
Facilities
ZA
Energy recovery,
continuous feed, reverse-
reciprocating grate.
May 1986
275 tons/day/boiler
2 boilers
1,800-2,000-F at stoker
Under fire: 250°F
Over fire: ambient
Under fire:
70,000-90,000 Ib/hour
Over fire:
41, 000 Ib/hour
Floor drams, rainwater.
Lime slurry is injected
into flue gas after
economizer, fabric filter
baghouses.
Residential: 40%
Commercial/
Light Industrial: 60%
ZB
Energy recovery,
continuous feed,
reciprocating grate
Early 1987
75-100 tons/day/boiler
2 boilers
1.800'F
Under fire: ambient
Over fire: ambient
Under fire:
1 0,890 cuft/min
Over fire:
5,900 cu ft/min
Cooling tower and boiler
blowdowns, septic system
discharge, floor drains.
Dry lime is injected into flue
gas after economizer, fabric
filter baghouses.
Fly ash has phosphoric acid
added to it and is
agglomerated before being
mixed with bottom ash
Residential: 80%
Commercial/
Light Industrial: 20%
ZC
Energy recovery,
continuous feed, reverse-
reciprocating grate.
January 1987
400 tons/day/boiler
3 boilers
1,750-1,800°F
Under fire: 380"F
Over fire: ambient
Under fire:
34,000 ftVmm
Over fire:
11,000ft3/min
Tertiary effluent from
neighboring sewage
treatment pi ant.
Electrostatic
precipitators.
Residential: 60%
Commercial/
Light Industrial: 40%
ZD
Energy recovery,
continuous feed,
reciprocating grate.
1975
750 tons/day/boiler
2 boilers
1 500-1 700°F flue gas as it
enters superheater
Under fire: ambient
Over fire: ambient
Under fire:
48,000 ft3/min
Over fire:
32,000 ft3/min
Cooling tower and boiler
blowdowns.
Electrostatic precipitators
Residential: 90%
Commercial/
Light Industrial: 10%
ZE
Energy recovery,
continuous feed,
reciprocating grate.
September 1987
750 tons/day/boiler
2 boilers
1 ,800°F at the grate
Under fire: ambient
Over fire: ambient

Wastewater from plant
processes.
Lime slurry is injected into
flue gas after economizer,
electrostatic precipitators.
Fly ash has water added to
t and is agglomerated
Defore being mixed with
sottom ash.
Residential: 65%
Commercial/
Light Industrial. 35%
m
i/»

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        TABLE ES-1
        MAJOR FEATURES OF MWC FACILITIES
        PAGE TWO
Operational
Features
Amount of
electricity
generated
Amount of
electricity used
internally by
facility
Material
removed from
incoming refuse
Material
removed from
ash

ZA
13.1 megawatts/hour
1.7 megawatts/hour
Large appliances, other
unacceptable material
diverted to demolition
landfill.
Ferrous metal removed
from ash at the MWC
facility
Facilities
ZB
4.5 megawatts/hour
0 63 megawatts/hour
Large appliances, material
that will not pass through
the boilers.
None.
ZC
29 megawatts/hour
2.5 megawatts/hour
Large appliances,
material that will not
pass through the boilers.
Ferrous metal removed
from ash at the MWC
facility.
ZD
35 megawatts/hour
2.5to3.5
megawatts/hour
Large appliances.
material that wilt not
pass through the boilers.
Ferrous metal removed
from ash at the MWC
facility.
ZE
45 megawatts/hour
7 megawatts/hour
Large appliances, material
that will not pass through
the boilers
Items greater than
10 inches in diameter
tn

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                                                                     TABLE ES-2




                                                   MAJOR FEATURES OF MWC ASH DISPOSAL FACILITIES
Operational
Features
Facility Type
Startup Date
Disposal Capacity
Amount of Ash
Disposed
Materials other
than Ash
disposed of
Leachate
Collection System
Cover
Compaction of
Ash
Facilities
ZA
Monofill - single clay
liner
1986
83,400 cubic yards
150 tons/day
None
Perforated PVC pipe in a
coarse aggregate
envelope
Final cover -soil and
HOPE
Only as bulldozer spreads
ash in ash fill.
ZB
Monofill - double liner
(HOPE and compacted till
soil)
October 1988
90,000-100,000 tons
60 tons/day
None
Slotted HDPE
Daily cover -sand. Non
working face covered by
plastic to limit leachate
generation
Bulldozer spreads and
compacts ash in 8- 1 2 inch
lifts.
ZC
Codisposed facility -
bottom-clay liner
synthetic sidewall liners
Landfill- 1984
Ash Disposal -1985
Total capacity 9 million
tons
400,000 tons/year.
40% ash (2/3 of ash from
ZC MWC facility)
Non-burnable materials
from 2 MWC facilities.
Overflow from 2nd MWC
facility.
Main header - PVC
collection trenches -
gravel with fabric filter
Daily - native soil and
shredded tires.
Intermediate - native
soils.
Final -native soils.
Track mounted
compactor.
ZD
Monofill - unlined. Ash is
placed over trash
deposited before 1975
1975
Remaining capacity -
990,000 tons (6 years)
450 tons/day
None
None - leachate samples
were collected from well
points installed in the ash
Daily cover -soil.
Intermediate -soil
compacted to 10-6
permeability.
Final -clay or HDPE.
Only as bulldozer spreads
ash in ash fill.
ZE
Monofill - double liner
(HDPE and clay)
1987
Permitted for 20 years,
approximately 3 8 million
tons
525 tons/day
None
Slotted HDPE
Daily cover -soil.
Intermediate -soil
compacted to 10 6
permeability
Final -clay of HDPE
Vibrating roller.
o>

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The major findings of the ash sampling and analyses during this study are described
in the following paragraphs.

Of the five  ash  samples (one from each  facility) analyzed for the Appendix IX
semivolatile  compounds, four samples contained bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, three
contained di-n-butyl phthalate, and one contained di-n-octyl phthalate.  Two PAHs,
phenanthrene and fluoranthene, were detected in only one of the five ash samples.
These semi-volatile compounds were detected in the parts per billion (ppb) range.

The  results  for  the five  ash  samples (one  from  each  facility) analyzed  for
PCDDs/PCDFs are presented in Table ES-3.  This table also includes the calculated
Toxicity Equivalents (TE) for each homolog of PCDD/PCDF. These TEs were calculated
using EPA's methodology (EPA, March 1987).  The data in this table indicate that
PCDDs/PCDFs were found at extremely low levels in each ash sample. The Total TE
for each ash sample was below the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommended
2,3,7,8-TCDD Toxicity  Equivalency  limit of 1 part per  billion  in  residential  soil
(Kimbrough, 1984).

All 25 of the  ash samples (five daily composites from each facility) were analyzed for
the metals on the primary and secondary drinking water standards lists as well as for
the oxides of five major ash components. Although, the results from these analyses
indicate that the ash is heterogeneous, this heterogenicity appears to  have been
reduced by the care taken when compositing the ash samples during  this study.
Comparison of the results of this study with results reported in  the  literature (EPA,
October 1987) indicates that the variability of results for each compound  appears to
have been reduced in this study.

Metals showing the widest range of concentrations among samples collected at each
facility included barium (ZB); cadmium (ZB); chromium (ZD, ZE); copper (ZA, ZB, ZC);
lead  (ZD); manganese (ZA, ZC);  mercury (ZE); zinc (ZB, ZD, ZE); and silicon dioxide
(ZA).

Metals showing  the widest  variation of  concentrations between the  facilities
included  barium (results for Facility ZC are lower than the results for the other
facilities);  iron (results for each facility vary from all of the other  facilities); lead
(results for Facility ZD are higher than  the  results for the other facilities); mercury
(results for Facilities ZC and ZD are lower than the results for the other facilities);

R339911                               ES-7

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                                                                           TABLE ES-3
                                                                       ASH DIOXIN RESULTS
Compound
2,3 7,8-TCDD
Other TCDD
2.3,7,8-TCDF
Other TCDF
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD
Other PeCDO
1.2.3,7,8-PeCDF
2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF
Other PeCDF
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD
1,2.3.6.7.8-HxCDD
1,2,3,7,8,9-HXCDD
Other HXCDD
1,2,3,4,7,8-HXCDF
1,2,3,6,7,8-HXCDF
1 2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF
2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCOF
Other HXCDF
1 2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDO
Other HPCDD
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF
1 2 3,4 7,8.9-HpCDF
Other HpCDF
OCPD 	
OCDF
TOTAL TEs

Toxicity
Equivalency
Factor
(TEF)<»
1
0.01
01
0001
0.5
0005
0 1
0.1
0001
004
0.04
004
0.0004
001
001
0.01
001
00001
0001
0 00001
0001
0001
000001
0
0

Samples (pg/g or ppt)
ZA-AH-003
Value
10
206
263
1.688
33
317
61
46
484
12
17
28
154
74
131
36
5
281
159
140
139
8
51
313
66

Toxicity
Equivalents
10
2.06
26.3
1.69
16.5
1 59
6.1
46
0484
0.48
068
1.12
0.062
074
1 31
036
0.05
0.0281
0159
0.0014
0.139
0.008
0.00051
0
0
745
ZB-AH-001
Value
24
351
617
3,721
118
759
194
162
1,527
40
34
79
342
336
524
127
54
939
319
288
539
48
197
544
243

Toxicity
Equivalents
24
3.51
61 7
3.72
59
3.80
19.4
162
1 53
1 6
1.36
3 16
0.137
336
524
1.27
0.54
00939
0319
0.00288
0539
0.048
000197
0
0
211
ZC-AH-003
Value
16
281
236
1,208
71
1,051
64
56
607
66
90
120
925
218
279
193
70
635
1.849
1.511
653
83
254
6,906
563

Toxicity
Equivalents
16
2.81
236
1 21
355
5 26
64
5.6
0.607
2.64
36
48
0.37
2.18
279
1 93
0.70
00635
1 85
00151
0.653
0083
0 00254
0
0
119

ZD-AH-003
Value
35
541
626
2,633
NO
1,910
151
171
1,736
86
148
194
853
654
660
479
124
1,686
1,555
1,384
1,842
119
384
4,519
893

Toxicity
Equivalents
35
541
62.6
2.63
0
9 55
15 1
17 1
1 74
3.44
592
7 76
0.34
6.54
660
479
1 24
0 169
1 56
00138
1 84
0 119
0 00384
0
0
189

ZE-AH-003
Value

120
176
1,136
35
248
52
43
448
II
11
22
104
95
134
45
20
280
122




294

Toxicity
Equivalents

1 2
17.6
1 14
17.5
1 24

4 3
0448
044
044





020






0
0
63 7
on
00
         (')    Toxicity Equivalency Factors are EPA's current recommended Factors, (EPA, March 1987).
         ND   Not detected below 221 pg/g

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sodium  (results for  Facilities ZD andZE are lower than the results for the other
facilities); calcium oxide (the  results for Facilities ZA and ZB are higher than the
results for the other facilities);  and silicon dioxide (the  results for Facility ZC are
higher than the results for the other facilities).

Some additional findings of the ash sampling and analyses are as follows:

     •  The ashes are alkaline with the pH ranging from 10.36 to 11.85.

     •  The ashes are rich in chlorides and sulfates. The total soluble solids in the
        ashes varied from 6,440 to 65,800 ppm.

     •  The ashes contained  unburnt total  organic carbon  (TOC) ranging from
        4,060 ppm (0.4 percent) to 53,200 ppm (5.32 percent).

The  major findings  of the leachate sampling and analysis during this study are
summarized  in the following paragraphs.

Only four Appendix IX semivolatile compounds were found in the leachates from the
ash disposal  facilities. Benzoic acid was found in both leachate samples collected at
one of the five ash disposal facilities. Phenol, 3-methylphenol, and 4-methylpheno!
were found  in some of the leachate samples from  one of the other facilities. All of
these compounds were detected at very low levels (2-73 ppb).

PCDDs/PCDFs were only  found in the leachate from one facility.  The homologs
found are the more highly chlorinated homologs. The data obtained during this
study appears to indicate that PCDDs/PCDFs do not readily leach out of the ash in the
ash disposal facilities. The low levels found in the leachates of the one facility
probably originated from the solids  found within the leachate samples because
these samples were not filtered nor centrif uged prior to analysis.

None of the leachate samples exceeded the EP Toxicity Maximum Allowable Limits
established for the eight metals in  Section 261.24 of 40 CFR 261.  In addition, the
data from this study indicate that although the leachates  are not used for drinking
purposes, they are close to being acceptable for drinking water use, as far as the
metals are concerned.
R339911                               ES-9

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Some other findings of the leachate sampling and analyses are as follows:

     •  Sulfate values ranged from 14.4 mg/L to 5,080 mg/L, while Total Dissolved
        Solids (IDS) ranged from 924 mg/L to 41,000 mg/L.

     •  The field pH values ranged from 5.2 to 7.4.

     •  Ammonia  (4.18-77.4 mg/L) and  nitrate  (0.01-0.45 mg/L) were  present in
        almost all leachate samples.

     •  Total Organic Carbon values ranged from 10.6 to 420 ppm.

The  major findings from the analysis of the ash extracts during this  study are
summarized as follows:

     •  Of the five composite samples of the deionized water (SW-924) extracts
        analyzed for the Appendix IX semivolatile  compounds  (one  from each
        facility), only one sample contained low levels of benzoic acid (0.130 ppm).

     •  None  of the extracts contained PCDDs/PCDFs.  These data confirm the
        findings of the  actual field  leachate samples that PCDDs/PCDFs are not
        readily leached from the ash.

The data obtained  during the metals analyses of the ash extracts indicate that, in
general, the extracts from the EP Toxicity, the TCLP 1,  and the TCLP2 extraction
procedures have higher metals content than the extracts from the deionized water
(SW-924), the CO2, and the Simulated Acid Rain (SAR) extraction procedures. The EP
Toxicity Maximum Allowable Limits for lead and cadmium were frequently exceeded
by the extracts from the EP Toxicity, TCLP 1, and TCLP 2 extraction procedures. One
of the extracts from the EP Toxicity extraction procedure also exceeded the EP
Toxicity Maximum Allowable Limit for mercury.

None of the extracts from the deionized water (SW-924), the CO2, and the Simulated
Acid Rain (SAR) extraction procedures exceeded the EP Toxicity Maximum Allowable
Limits.  In addition, the  majority of the extracts from these  three  extraction
procedures also  met the Primary and Secondary Drinking Water Standards for
metals.

R339911                              ES-10

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Table ES-4 compares the range of concentrations of the metals analyses of the ash
extracts with the range of concentrations for leachate as reported in the literature
(EPA, October 1987)  and the  range  of  concentrations  for  the  leachates as
determined in this study. For the facilities sampled during this study, the data in
Table ES-4 indicate that the extracts from the deionized water (SW-924), the CO2/
and  the  SAR extraction  procedures simulated  the  concentrations for lead  and
cadmium in the field  leachates better than the extracts from the other three
extraction procedures.
R339911                              ES-11

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                                                           TABLE ES-4
                                        COMPARISON OF ASH EXTRACT METAL ANALYSES RESULTS
                                              WITH LEACHATE METAL ANALYSES RESULTS
Parameter
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Selenium
Silver
Sodium
Zinc
Samples (ug/L)
EPTOX
Extracts
ND-31
23-455
25-1,200
ND-86
24-5.170
ND-82,000
ND-19.700
250-8.540
ND-203
ND
ND
33,600-
225,000
67-95,600
TCLP1
Extracts
ND
161-1,850
ND-1,150
ND-8.0
5-858
ND-7,220
ND- 10,500
ND-5,170
ND-3.8
NO
ND
1,380,000-
1,640,000
9.7-79,500
TCLP2
Extracts
ND-60
12-809
ND- 1,560
ND-799
5.4-1,400
ND- 162,000
ND-26,400
3.8-7,370
ND-4.6
ND
ND
38,700-
228,000
26-164,000
CO2 Extracts
ND-53
126-530
ND-354
ND-9.8
8.8-620
ND-304
ND-504
ND-2,390
ND-155
ND
ND-16
24,800-
168,000
5-127,000
DIH2O
Extracts
ND-45
139-3,050
ND-7.6
ND-16
12-534
ND-115
ND-3,410
ND-20
ND-096
ND
ND
24,100-
209,000
5.4-1,340
SAR Extracts
ND
129-3,960
ND-6.0
ND-10
85-610
ND-97
ND-3,940
ND-64
ND-1.1
ND-23
ND
24,200-
201,000
12-1,290
Leachate
(Literature)O)
5-218
1,000
ND-44
6-1,530
22-24,000
168-
121,000
12-2,920
103-4,570
1-8
2.5-37
70
200,000-
4,000,000
ND-3,300
Leachate
(CORRE)
ND-400
ND-9,220
ND-4
ND-32
ND-12
108-10,500
ND-54
310-18,500
ND
ND-340
ND
188,000-
3,800,000
5 2-370
*/»

NJ

-------
        TABLE ES-4
        COMPARISON OF ASH EXTRACT METAL ANALYSES RESULTS
        WITH LEACHATE METAL ANALYSES RESULTS
        PAGE TWO
Parameter
Aluminum Oxide*
Calcium Oxide*
Magnesium Oxide*
Potassium
Monoxide*
Silicon Dioxide*

EPTOX
Extracts
ND-1 50,000
592,000-
4,810.000
27,300-
130,000
10.100-
189,000
5,09098,700

TCLP1
Extracts
ND-62,800
666,000-
2,750,000
55-375,000
14,600-
210,000
379-51,700
Samples (pg/L)
TCLP2
Extracts
ND-1 52,000
692,000-
3,640,000
623-137,000
15,100-
1,110,00
820-143,000
CO2 Extracts
ND-90,700
398,000-
1,920,000
207-59,300
12,300-
155,000
418-71,800
DIH2O
Extracts
ND-203,000
141,000-
1,740,000
21 379
1 3, 1 00-
189,000
402-3,990
SAR Extracts
ND-1 18,000
142,000-
1,800,000
12-430
14,500-
181,000
364-3,770
Leachate
(Literature)U)
NR
21,000
NR
21,500
NR
Leachate
(CORRE)
ND-920
64,600-
8,390,000
14,800-
367,000
79,700-
1,620,000
470-15,300
ftl
        ND   Not Detected
        NR   Not Reported in the literature.
        <')    EPA, October 1987.
        *     The ash extracts were analyzed as ions for these compounds and reported as oxides. The leachates were analyzed and are reported as ions for
             these compounds.

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                            1.0  INTRODUCTION
This report, "Characterization of Municipal Waste Combustion Ash, Ash Extracts and
Leachates," has been  prepared  for the United States  Environmental  Protection
Agency  (EPA)  and the  Coalition  on Resource Recovery and the Environment
(CORRE) in response  to Work Assignment  Number  90  under  EPA  Contract
Number 68-01-7310.

This study was initiated by Ms. Gerry Dorian of EPA and Dr. Walter Shaub of CORRE.

1.1     BACKGROUND

Prior to the passage of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA),
disposal of municipal solid  waste (MSW) and the ash from  municipal waste
combustion (MWC) facilities was not regulated by EPA but was regulated primarily
by individual states and local municipalities. With the passage of RCRA, the disposal
of MSW has been regulated under Subtitle D of RCRA. The regulations in Subtitle D
stipulate that any municipal waste  disposal facility that does not meet the criteria
promulgated  under RCRA  must  be closed.  Because of the need  to meet these
criteria, there has been a steady decrease in the number of sites available for MSW
disposal.

Incineration  of municipal  solid  waste (MSW)  has become an  important waste
disposal alternative because it provides an effective means of reducing the volume
of MSW as well as an important source of energy recovery. Currently 10 percent of
MSW is incinerated.  Based on the number of municipal waste combustion (MWC)
facilities being planned across the country, this percentage is expected to increase to
roughly 16-25 percent by the year 2000.

As incineration has grown in popularity, so has concern over the management of
increasing volumes of ash. Ashes from MWC facilities have, on occasion, exhibited a
hazardous waste characteristic as determined by the EP Toxicity Test. The debate
regarding the regulatory status of ash and the representativeness and validity of the
EP test continues.  Congress is considering several legislative initiatives that would
R339911                               1-1

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give EPA clear authority to develop special management standards for ash under
Subtitle D of RCRA.

In the meantime, EPA and CORRE have cosponsored this study conducted by NUS to
enhance the data base on the characteristics of MWC ashes, laboratory extracts of
MWC ashes, and leachates from MWC ash disposal facilities.

The Coalition on Resource Recovery and the Environment (CORRE) was established
to  provide  credible   information  about  resource  recovery  and  associated
environmental issues to the public and to public officials. In providing information,
CORRE takes no position as to the appropriateness of one technology compared to
others.  CORRE  recognizes that successful waste management  is an integrated
utilization of many technologies which  taken as a whole, are best selected  by an
informed public and informed public officials.

1.2     SCOPE OF WORK

NUS collected samples of fresh ash from five mass-burn MWC facilities. All of the ash
samples collected were combined fly ash and bottom ash samples.

The facilities sampled were selected by CORRE to meet the following criteria:

     •  The facilities were to be state-of-the-art facilities equipped with a variety of
        pollution control equipment.

     •  The facilities were to be located in different regions of the United States.

     •  The companion ash disposal facilities were to be equipped  with  leachate
        collection systems or some means of collecting leachate samples.

The identities of the facilities are being held in confidence.

These samples were submitted to laboratories for chemical analyses.  In addition,
these ash samples were subjected to six different laboratory extraction procedures
and the extracts were then analyzed. NUS also collected leachate samples  from the
five MWC ash disposal facilities used by the MWC facilities.  The leachate samples
R339911                                1-2

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were also sent to a laboratory for analysis. The analyses performed on each type of
sample are outlined in Table 1-1.

Collection of the ash and  leachate samples generally followed the  Work  Plan
prepared for this project (NUS, December 1988). A copy of this Work Plan is included
in Appendix A.  Five  composite ash samples were collected from each  of the five
MWC facilities.   The  ash  samples were collected  each day over 5 days (Monday-
Friday) of facility operation.  Starting times for sample collection were different each
day so that a wide range of time could be covered.  Ash grab samples were collected
at a fixed point each hour for 8 hours.  These 8 grab samples were placed  in a
5-gallon container for compositing into each day's 8-hour composite sample.

Originally, the ash samples were to  be  collected  using the method outlined in
ASTM D234-86 Standard  Method for Collection  of a  Gross  Sample  of Coal,
Condition B, full-stream cut. However, because of the configuration  of the ash
handling equipment  at each facility, minor modifications to this sampling method
were  needed to collect the most representative samples from each  facility.  A
description of how the samples were collected at each facility  is presented in the
appropriate Facility Description  (Sections 2.0 through 6.0).

Prior to analysis, the samples were prepared in the laboratory by implementing the
following procedures:

     •  Each composite sample was passed over a 2-inch screen.  Material passing
        the 2-inch screen was set aside. Material larger than 2 inches was subjected
        to repeated blows with a 5-pound sledge hammer dropped from a height of
        1 foot. If a piece did not  break after being subjected to three blows of the
        hammer, it was weighed, the weight recorded, and the piece was discarded.
        Material that broke was then reduced in size to pass the 2-inch screen and
        recombined with the original material that was smaller than 2 inches.

     •  Each composite sample was dried at 105°C and crushed to pass a 3/8-inch
        screen and riffled or coned and quartered to obtain a 1,000 gram sample.
        The sample was then  properly labeled and  stored in  a clean, dry, cool,
        secure area. For further details, see ASTM Standard D346.
R339911                               1-3

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                                        TABLE 1-1

                                    SAMPLE ANALYSES
Matrix
Ash
Leachates
Ash Extracts
Preparation
Screened, Crushed,
Dried, Crushed, Riffled,
or Coned and Quartered
Laboratory filtered and
addedHNO3topH<2
Laboratory added
H2SO4topH<2
(added to ZA samples
infield)



Analyses
MetalsO)
Conventional2'
Appendix IX - Semivolatiles
PCDDs/PCDFs
PCBs
Metals<3>
TOC; NH3-N
Alkalinity as CaC03
TDS; NO3-N; S04; PO4
Cl; Kjeldahl Nitrogen
(ZA samples only)
Appendix IX - Semivolatiles
PCDDs/PCDFs
PCBs
MetalsW
Conventional5)
Appendix IX - Semivolatiles
PCDDs/PCDFs
PCBs - Deiomzed water
extract - Facilities ZA and ZE
Comments


Only 1 sample/facility
Only 1 sample/facility
Only 1 sample from
2 different facilities







Only 1 sample from
2 different facilities


Only on 1 composite ash
extract from each facility
Only on 1 composite ash
extract from each facility
Only on 1 composite ash
extract from each of
2 facilities
 (D   Metals:   As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg,Se, Ag, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn, andZn. Oxides of AI,Si, Ca, Mg, K.
 (2)   Conventionals:  TOC, total soluble salts, NH3-N, NO3-N, SO4, P04, C03/ Cl, moisture content,
                    and pH.
 0)   Metals:   Soluble forms of Al, As, Ba, Cd, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Hg, Ni, K, Se, Si, Ag, Na,
               Zn (Nickel analyzed only on samples from facility ZA).
 W   Metals:   Al, As, Ba, Cd, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Hg, K, Se, Si, Ag, Na, Zn.
R339911
1-4

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TABLE 1-1
SAMPLE ANALYSES
PAGE TWO


<5>   Conventionals:
         Facility ZA:   NO3-N, PO4, Cl, SO4, TDS, TOC, NH3-N, Alkalinity on all extracts.
         Facility ZB:   NO3-N, P04, Cl, SO4 - TCLP 1; TCLP 2; EPTOX; and CO2 extracts.
                     NO3-N, PO4, Cl, SO4, TDS, TOC, NH3-N, Alkalinity - Deionized Water extract.
                     PO4, TOC - SAR extract.
         Facilities ZC,ZD,ZE:
                     N03, PO4, Cl, S04, NH3-N - TCLP 1; TCLP 2; EPTOX; and C02 extracts.
                     NO3, PO4, Cl, S04, TDS, TOC, NH3-N, Alkalinity - Deionized Water extract.
                     PO4l TOC, NH3-N - SAR extract.

Metals and Appendix IX semi-volatile compounds were analyzed in strict adherence to the EPA third
edition of SW-846.

The conventional parameters were analyzed according to the applicable methods described  in the
"Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and  Wastewaters," EPA-600/2-79-020, March 1983.  Where
necessary, a Dl extraction was done on the ash,  except for NH3-N where a 2M KCI solution was used.

PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs were analyzed in the homolog form according to the procedures described in
Appendix B of  the  December 1988 Work Plan.   In addition, for the  PCDDs and  PCDFs  the
concentrations of the individual 2, 3, 7, 8 isomers were determined for each homolog.
R339911                                    1-5

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The ash samples were analyzed as outlined in Table 1-1. In addition, a portion of the
prepared  samples were  subjected  to the following six  laboratory  extraction
procedures:

     •  Acid Number 1 (EP-TOX).
     •  Acid Number 2 (TCLP Fluid No. 1).
     •  Acid Number 3 (TCLP Fluid No. 2).
     •  Deionized Water (Method SW-924), also  known as the  Monofill Waste
        Extraction Procedure (MWEP).
     •  CO2 saturated deionized water.
     •  Simulated acid rain.

These extraction procedures have been used separately by a variety of researchers on
MWC ashes but never have all six  procedures been used on the same MWC asHes
This study was designed to compare the analytical results of the extracts from a
procedures with each other and  with leachate collected from the  ash  disposal
facilities used  by the MWC facilities.

The laboratory adhered to the appropriate Federal Register leaching requirements
for the first three  methods. The extraction solutions and the extraction procedures
used for the CC>2 saturated deionized water and the simulated acid rain are given in
Appendix A of  the Work Plan  (NUS,  December 1988).  The  SW-924  method  is
described in Vol. I "Characterization of MWC Ashes and Leachates from Landfills,
Monofills, and Co-Disposal Sites," EPA,October 1987.  The extracts from the ash
were analyzed as outlined in Table 1-1.

Leachate samples were collected from the five facilities to which the individual MWC
facilities  sent ashes for disposal.  At two of the ash disposal  facilities, two  grab
samples were collected from leachate  collection sumps.  At another ash disposal
facility, one grab sample was collected  from a valve on the leachate collection line.
At the fourth ash disposal facility, two grab samples were collected from one shallow
water quality  lysimeter, and a third grab sample was collected from a second shallow
water quality lysimeter.  Seven leachate samples were collected from the  fifth ash
disposal  facility:   three  in February 1988,  two in  November 1988,  and  two in
June 1989. All seven samples were grab samples collected from the same leachate
collection manhole.  The leachates collected from this  fifth facility were collected
and analyzed by NUS under a separate contract to EPA.  The  results of this study

R339911                               1-6

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were reported in detail in a separate report (EPA, August 1989). Since results of that
study are very pertinent to this study, the results are repeated in the present report.

The  leachate samples were shipped to the laboratories for the analyses listed in
Table 1-1.   Because of difficulties in  shipping  or obtaining  preservatives,  the
leachates samples collected during this study were not preserved in the  field, but
were packed in ice and shipped immediately to the laboratory.  The laboratories
were instructed to  immediately add the  required preservatives in  the laboratory
after filtering, as applicable.  Since the laboratories preserved the samples within
48 hours of sample collection, the samples were not adversely affected.

All sampling and  analytical procedures  used  in  this project followed  stringent
Quality Assurance/Quality Control  (QA/QC) requirements as outlined  in  a Quality
Assurance Project Plan prepared for EPA by NUS and approved by EPA's QA Officer in
February 1988 (NUS, February 1988).

Summaries of the results of the analyses of the samples from each MWC Facility are
presented  in  Sections 2.0 through 6.0.   An overall  summary  is presented  in
Section 7.0. The tables in these sections are presented at the  end of each section.

A detailed listing of the positive results, as reported by the laboratories, is presented
in  a  data base which is included in this report as Appendix B  (ash), Appendix C
(leachate), and Appendix D (ash extracts).  When the laboratories did  not report a
positive value for a compound (i.e. the compound was not present above laboratory
detection limits), the compound was reported as not detected (ND) in the tables in
the text. The laboratory detection limits are the method detection limits for each
specific method, unless interferences were encountered during the analysis. When
interferences occurred, the laboratory adjusted the method detection limits by an
appropriate dilution factor. The analytical methods used in  this study were selected
so  that the method detection  limits were well below present levels of human,
environment or regulatory concerns.

The  EPA publication "Interim Procedures for Estimating Risk  Associated with
Exposures to Mixtures of Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and -Dibenzofurans (CDDs
and CDFs)" was used to evaluate the Dioxin data. These  procedures use Toxicity
Equivalency Factors (TEFs) to express the concentrations of the different isomers and
homologs  as  an  equivalent  amount of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro  Dibenzo-p-Dioxin

R339911                                1-7

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(2,3,7,8-TCDD).  The Toxicity Equivalents, as calculated by using the TEFs, are then
totaled and compared to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommended upper
level of 2,3,7,8-TCDD Toxicity  Equivalency of 1  part per billion  in  residential soil
(Kimbrough, 1984).
 R339911                               1-8

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                          2.0  FACILITY ZA FINDINGS
2.1
FACILITY ZA DESCRIPTION
Facility ZA consists of two mass-burn, water-wall boilers. Refuse is charged into the
boilers by overhead cranes, moves inside the boilers on_grates, and is discharged into
ash quench reactors on the bottom of the boilers. A lime slurry is added to the flue
gas where it is mixed with the fly ash. This mixture is then collected in baghouses
and mixed in with the bottom ash for disposal.  The steam generated at the facility is
used to produce electricity, which is sold to a local utility.  The following  details
provide operational information for this facility.
Startup Date:
Refuse Feed Rate:
Operating Temperature:
Residence Time:
Backup Fuel:
Air Temperature into Furnace:
Air Feed Rate:
Refuse Feed Method:
Trash Accepted:
                           May 1986.
                           275 tons/day/boiler.
                           1,800° - 2,000° F at the stoker.
                           Approximately 1-1/2 hours in the boiler where
                           the grates can be slowed to allow wet loads
                           more time to dry out; 1-1/2 hours from ash
                           discharge to ash pile.
                           Natural gas - is used if operating temperature
                           drops below 1,500°F.  Has only been used  at
                           startups and shutdowns.
                           Underfireair-250°F;
                           Overfi re air-ambient temperature.
                           Underfire  air  - varies,  normally  between
                           70,000-90,000 lbs./hour.
                           Overfi re air-40,000 Ibs./hour.
                           Old and new refuse is mixed with an overhead
                           crane. Mixed refuse is loaded into boilers with
                           the overhead crane.
                           Residential,  commercial,   industrial  waste
                           generated in  local  community.  Restrictions
                           are listed in Table 2-1.  Medical waste is being
                           accepted.  No sewage sludge is accepted.  No
R339911
                             2-1

-------
                                  known waste oil program in the state.  Some
                                  waste oil comes into the facility.
Normal Moisture Content of Ash:     20 - 30%.
(As measured by the facility)
Source of Ash Quench Water:        Ash quench water consists of water from floor
                                  drains and some rain water.
Electricity Generated:               13.1 Megawatts/hour.
Electricity Used by the Facility:        1.7 Megawatts/hour.

Ash Handling Equipment

A lime slurry is injected into the flue gas just ir  de the quench reactor to neutralize
acid gases formed in the boiler. The flue  gas then passes through the baghouses,
where the fly ash-lime mixture is removed from the  flue gases.  This mixture is
transported  back to the ash dischargers on the bottom of each boiler, where it is
mixed with the bottom ash.

The fly ash is mixed with the bottom ash in the ash discharger.  From there, the ash
mixture  is discharged onto a large shaker conveyor, travels to a grizzly where large
items  are removed,  is discharged onto  a small shaker  conveyor,  and then  is
discharged onto an inclined conveyor belt. The ferrous material is removed at the
top of the conveyor by a rotating electromagnet.  The ash falls from the inclined
conveyor belt onto the ash pile.  The ash is loaded onto trucks for transportation to
the ash fill. After passing through a trommel, where small particles of ash clinging to
the metal are removed, the ferrous material is trucked to a steel manufacturer.

The ash  samples at this facility were collected as the ash came off the inclined belt.
The ash  had a tendency to segregate itself at the top of the inclined belt, with the
larger particles coming directly off the belt and the finer, wetter particles sticking to
the belt. These fine, wet particles started  back down the underside of the belt and
were scraped off the belt  about 1 foot below the top of the conveyor.  After the
ferrous material was removed, the samples were collected so that half of each hourly
grab sample consisted of the larger particles and half of the sample consisted of the
finer particles.
R339911                               2-2

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2.2    CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH

Table 2-2 presents the results of the semivolatile analysis of the ash samples from
Facility ZA.  The data presented in  the table indicate that three phthalates were
detected in sample ZA-AH-003, the  only sample from this facility analyzed for the
Appendix IX semivolatiles.  The di-n-butyl phthalate appears to be the  result of
laboratory contamination.  The other compounds indicate the presence of plastic
material  in the ash.  This same sample also contained  107ng/g (parts per billion
(ppb)) of dichlorobiphenyl  (PCB). This was the only PCB congener detected in this
sample.

Table 2-3  presents  the results of the  polychlorinated  dibenzo-p-dioxin  and
polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/PCDF) analyses of sample ZA-AH-003.  Toxicity
equivalency values were  calculated  according  to EPA's  methodology  (EPA,
March 1987) and are also presented in this table. The data in this table indicate that
the PCDDs/PCDFs levels found in the  ash are substantially below the Centers for
Disease  Control   (CDC) recommended  upper  level  of  2,3,7,8-TCDD  toxicity
equivalency of 1 part per billion in residential soil (Kimbrough, 1984).

The results of the  metals analyses for the ash from this facility are  presented in
Table 2-4.  The data  presented in this  table indicate that, except  for  copper,
manganese, and silicon dioxide, the results were fairly constant during the week of
sampling.

The results for the conventional analyses are presented in Table 2-5. The data in this
table indicate that the results were also fairly constant during the week, except for
TOC, and ammonia.

2.3    CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LEACHATES

The MSW facility unit  accepting ash  from  MWC Facility  ZA is  lined  and is used
exclusively for the  disposal of ash  from Facility ZA.  The leachate from  the ash
disposal facility for  MWC Facility ZA  was not sampled at  the same time that the ash
was sampled.  However, NUS collected samples of the leachate in February and
November 1988 and in June 1989 under a separate contract with EPA. The samples
are grab samples  collected from  the same leachate  collection manhole.  The
manhole was sampled, accumulated water was removed, and  the manhole was

R339911                               2-3

-------
allowed to refill with leachate that had been stored in the ash fill. The manhole was
then resampled.  The results of the  1988 sampling events were reported in detail
previously (EPA, August 1989) and are summarized here, together with the results of
the 1989 sampling event.

The results for the semivolatile analysis of these samples are presented in Table 2-6.
As shown in this table, phenol was  detected on two different occasions, whereas
3-methylphenol and 4-methylphenol were each detected once.

The results for the metals analysis of the leachate samples are shown in Table 2-7.
None of the metals detected exceeded the EPToxicity Maximum Allowable Limit.
Although the leachates are not required  to meet Drinking Water Standards, a
comparison of the leachate results with the Primary and Secondary Drinking Water
Standards established under the Safe Drinking Water Act (EPA: BNA, June 1989 and
EPA:  BNA, October 1988) was made. This comparison indicates that the majority of
the metals results met these standards in the leachates.

Table 2-8 presents the results of the  conventional analyses of the leachate samples.
TDS values ranged from  13,700 mg/L  to 41,000 mg/L, and the pH values ranged
from 6.7 to 7.4. Chloride, TDS, and Sulfate exceeded their Secondary Drinking Water
Standards in all of the leachate samples.

The results of the dioxin analysis of the leachate samples are presented in Table 2-9.
This table shows that only very  small amounts of the more highly  chlorinated
homologs (hepta-CDD, octa-CDD, and hepta-CDF) were found  in the leachate
samples.

No PCBs were detected in ZA-LE-006, the only leachate sample analyzed for PCBs.

2.4    CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF  ASH EXTRACTS

No PCDDs/PCDFs or PCBs were detected in the composite sample from the Deionized
Water Extracts of the ash from Facility ZA.

Table 2-10  presents the  results of  the Appendix IX  semivolatile analysis of the
composite sample from the Deionized Water Extracts (SW-924) of the ash from MWC
Facility ZA. Benzoic acid (130 ppb) was the  only Appendix IX semivolatile compound

R339911                              2-4

-------
found in this composite sample. For comparison, this table also presents the range
of results of the Appendix IX semivolatile analyses of the actual leachate samples
from the ashfill serving this facility. The leachate from the ashfill contained very low
levels of phenol (up to 32 ppb); 3-methylphenol (up to 6 ppb); and 4-methylphenol
(up to 6 ppb).

Table 2-11 presents the range of results of the metals analyses of ash extracts from
MWC Facility ZA and the range  of results for leachate samples from the ashfill
serving  this facility.  For comparison, this table also lists the EPToxicity Maximum
Allowable Limits, and the  Primary  and Secondary Drinking  Water Standards
established under the Safe Drinking Water Act (EPA: BNA, June 1989 and EPA: BNA,
October 1988).

The results presented in Table2-11 indicate that the extracts from the EPToxicity
Extraction technique generally contain higher concentrations of metals than the
extracts produced by the other extraction techniques.  The data in this table also
indicate that the extracts from the deionized water extraction technique (SW-924)
generally contain lower concentrations of metals than the extracts produced by the
other extraction techniques.

For this facility, the extracts from the  EPtoxicity extraction technique are the only
ones that exceeded the EPToxicity  Maximum Allowable  Limits established in
Section  261.24of 40CFR261 for cadmium, lead, and mercury.

Although the ash extracts would not be required to meet Drinking Water Standards,
a comparison of the ash extract results with the Drinking Water Standards was
made.  This comparison indicates that the majority of the metals results met these
standards.

Table 2-12 presents the range of results of  the conventional analyses of the ash
extracts from MWC Facility ZA and the range  of results of the leachate samples from
the ashfill serving this facility.  For comparison,  this table  also lists  the Primary
Drinking Water Standards for  nitrate, as well as the Secondary Drinking  Water
Standards for chloride, sulfate, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS).  The data  in this
table indicate that the results for the  conventional compounds obtained from the
deionized water extraction technique (SW-924) are generally lower than the results
from the other extraction techniques.

R339911                               2-5

-------
                   TABLE 2-1

                RESTRICTED WASTES
                   FACILITY ZA
 ALL COVERED VEHICLES MUST LIFT OR ROLL BACK
 TARP FOR INSPECTION AT SCALE PRIOR TO ENTERING
    FACILITY OR TIP OUT ON FLOOR AS DIRECTED

           PROHIBITED WASTES

   NO   Wallboard/Drywall
        Nonburnable Construction Materials
        Sealed Drums or Containers
        Tar/Asphalt
        Tires
        Bales
        Infectious Materials
        Major Auto Parts (Batteries, Fenders, etc.)
        Other Unacceptable Items

   NO   HAZARDOUS WASTE PER STATE / FEDERAL
        REGULATIONS

 TRUCKS WITH UNACCEPTABLE LOADS SHALL BE:


      • DENIED ENTRY OR
      • RELOADED AND REDIRECTED TO LANDFILL

               ALL VEHICLES
         SUBJECT TO INSPECTION
R339911                  2-6

-------
                                        TABLE 2-2

                      ASH SEMIVOLATILE RESULTS • SAMPLE ZA-AH-003
                                       FACILITY ZA
Parameter
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Ash Sample Result
(vg/kg)
250,000
2.000T
430JB
                  Indicates  approximate  value   because   contaminants   were
                  detected at levels below Method Detection Limits, but above the
                  instrument detection limits.
                  Laboratory  identified  compound  as  not  being  detected
                  substantially above  the  level  reported in laboratory  blanks.
                  Laboratory may be the source of the contamination.
                  The  mass  spectrum  does  not  meet  EPA  CLP criteria for
                  confirmation, but compound presence is strongly suspected.
R339911
2-7

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                                       TABLE 2-3

                        ASH DIOXIN RESULTS - SAMPLE ZA-AH-003
                                      FACILITY ZA
PCDD/PCDF Homolog
2,3,7,8-TCDD
Other TCDD
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD
Other PeCDD
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD
1,2,3,6,7,8-HXCDD

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD
Other HXCDD
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD
Other HpCDO
OCDD
2,3,7,8-TCDF
Other TCDF
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF
2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF
Other PeCDF
1,2,3,4,7,8-HXCDF
1,2,3,6,7,8-HXCDF
1,2,3,7,8,9-HXCDF
2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF
Other HXCDF
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF
1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF
Other HpCDF
OCDF
Total Toxicity Equivalent
Ash Sample Result
pg/g
(Ppt)
10
206
33
317
12
17

28
154
159
140
313
263
1,688
61
46
484
74
131
36
5
281
139
8
51
66

Toxicity
Equivalency
FactorO)
1.0
0.01
0.5
0.005
0.04
0.04

0.04
0.0004
0.001
0.00001
0
0.1
0.001
0.1
0.1
0.001
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.0001
0.001
0.001
0.00001
0

Toxicity
Equivalent
(ppt)
10
2.06
16.5
1.59
0.48
0.68

1.12
0.062
0.159
0.0014
0
26.3
1.69
6.1
4.6
0.484
0.74
1.31
0.36
0.05
0.0281
0.139
0.008
0.00051
0
74. 5 ppt
     0)  Toxicity   Equivalency   Factors   are   EPA's  current   recommended   factors
         (EPA, March 1987).
R339911
                                          2-8

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METALS
                                     TABLE 2-4

                               ASH METALS ANALYSES
                                    FACILITY ZA
Parameter
Samples
ZA-AH-001
ZA-AH-002
ZA-AH-003
ZA-AH-004
ZA-AH-005
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Selenium
Silver
Sodium
Zinc
50
529
43
93
1,420
63,300
1,580
1,020
10.4
ND
4.8
10,200
6,900
49
480
41
90
7,360
57,400
1,180
835
22.9
ND
5.0
9,970
4,310
51
554
56
79
1,160
48,600
1,820
849
25.1
ND
8.7
1 1 ,000
6,600
45
523
32
64
994
44,100
1,480
1,360
16.9
ND
4.1
9,350
4,740
37
436
41
55
946
46,000
1,660
587
18.0
ND
7.9
10,400
4,540
METAL OXIDES
Aluminum Oxide
Calcium Oxide
Magnesium Oxide
Potassium Monoxide
Silicon Dioxide
8.52
20.5
1.38
1.2
22.4
9.37
20.3
1.33
1.1
22.2
9.0
22.2
1.31
1.24
21.9
9.23
15.1
1.5
1.2
27.3
9.85
18.4
1.21
1.15
43.8
ND   Not detected.
R339911
                 2-9

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                                     TABLE 2-5

                            ASH CONVENTIONAL ANALYSES
                                    FACILITY ZA
Parameter
PH
Moisture Content*
TOC
Total Soluble Solids
Ammonia
Nitrate
Ortho Phosphate
Total Alkalinity
Chloride
Sulfate
Units
S.U.
%
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
Samples
ZA-AH-001
11.83
0.9
18,100
52,400
4.47
2.86
ND
7,540
18,300
5,020
ZA-AH-002
11.85
1.9
22,000
49,800
2.89
2.29
ND
8,000
17,800
4,800
ZA-AH-003
11.79
1.6
11,400
50,400
5.98
2.22
ND
7,730
23,700
6,100
ZA-AH-004
11.80
1.1
23,400
46,500
11.5
2.54
ND
8,100
19,100
4,620
ZA-AH-005
11.68
1.7
35,600
48,400
5.98
4.23
ND
8,050
16,300
3,770
ND   Not detected.
*    Determined after samples were prepared.
R339911
                                        2-10

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                                                        TABLE 2-6
                                            LEACHATE SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES
                                                       FACILITY ZA
Parameter
Phenol
3-Methyl phenol
4-Methyl phenol
Samples (in pg/L)
ZA-LE-001
ND
NO
ND
2A-LE-002
19
ND
ND
ZA-LE-003
32
6J
6J
2A-LE-004
ND
ND
ND
2A-LE-005
ND
ND
ND
ZA-LE-006
4J
ND
ND
ZA-LE-007
2J
ND
ND
ND    Not Detected.
j      Indicates approximate value because contaminants were detected at levels below detection limits, but above the instrument
      detection limits.

Note:    All Samples were collected from Manhole (1):
             ZA-LE-001 was standing liquid sampled on February 11,1988.
             ZA-LE-002 was sampled on February 11, 1988 immediately after standing liquid was removed.
             ZA-LE-003 was sampled on February 11,1988 1 hour after standing liquid was removed.
             ZA-LE-004 was sampled on November 29,1988 immediately after standing liquid was removed.
             ZA-LE-005 was sampled on November 29,1988 1-1/2 hours after manhole refilled
             ZA-LE-006 was sampled on June 13, 1989 1 hour after standing liquid was removed.
             ZA-LE-007 was sampled on June 13, 1989 2-1/2 hours after collecting ZA-LE-006.

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                                                                                       TABLE 2-7
                                                                              LEACHATE METALS ANALYSES
                                                                                      FACILITY ZA
Parameter

Arsenic


Calcium

Copper
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Potassium
Selenium
Silicon
Silver
Sodium
Zinc

Samples (in pg/L)
ZA-LE-001
NA
160
NA
ND
NA
8
NO
3.400
11
NA
4,600
ND
ND
NA
120
NA
ND
NA
370

ZA-LE-002
NA
130
NA
17
NA
32
ND
650
24
NA
310
ND
ND
NA
120
NA
ND
NA
250

ZA-LE-003
NA
140
NA
1 1
NA
18
ND
120
25
NA
370
ND
ND
NA
130
NA
ND
NA
190

ZA-LE-004
NA
260
NA
ND
NA
16
ND
2,400
54
NA
1,230
ND
ND
NA
260
NA
ND
NA
130
ZA LE-005
NA
400
NA
ND
NA
22
ND
1,600
42
NA
800
ND
ND
NA
340
NA
ND
NA
60

ZA-LE-006
920
47
ND
1 3
3,270,000
ND
ND
770
18
51,000
1,000
ND
ND
525,000
24
2,100
ND
3,000,000
250

ZA-LE-007
700
59
ND
1 4
5.360,000
ND
ND
790
8
70,000
2.600
ND
ND
516,000
33
5,700
ND
3,800,000
250
Standards/Criteria (in vgll)
EP Toxicity
Maximum
Allowable Limit
SNA
5,000
100,000
1.000
SNA
5.000
SNA
SNA
5,000
SNA
SNA
200
SNA
SNA
1,000
SNA
5.000
SNA
SNA
Safe Drinking
Water Acl(a)
MCLs
SNA
50
1.000
10
SNA
50
SNA
SNA
50
SNA
SNA

SNA

10
SNA
50
SNA
SNA
Safe Drinking
Water ActlW
SMCLs
SNA
SNA
SNA



1,000







SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
5,000

NJ

NJ
          Blank space indicates analysis is below detection limits
          NA   Not analyzed due to di f ferences in scope of work
          ND   Not Detected
          SNA  Standard Not Available
          (a)   Primary Drinking Water Standards
          (b)   Secondary Drinking Waler Standards
Note.  All Samples were collected from Manhole (1).

          ZA-LE-001 was standing liquid sampled on February 11. 1988              •
          /A 11 002 wos sampled on February I I, 1988 immediately after standing liquid was removed
          cA-Lk 001 was sampled on feuiuufy 11. I9B8 I hour after standing liquid was removed
          /A U 004 \jv.is sampled on November 
-------
                                                                           TABLE 2-8
                                                               LEACHATE CONVENTIONAL ANALYSES
                                                                          FACILITY ZA
Parameter
Ammonia - Distilled
(asN)
Organic Carbon
Chloride
Nitrogen, Kjeldahl
Sulfate(SO4)
PH
Solids, Dissolved
@!80°C
Specific Conductance
@25*C
Total Alkalinity
Pht Alkalinity
Carbonate Alkalinity
Nitrate (as N)
Phosphorus
Samples
ZA-LE-001
3Smg/L
53 mg/L
22,000 mg/L
43 mg/L
1.000 mg/L
67
4 1,000 mg/L
46,000 Mmhos/cm
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ZALE-002
23 mg/L
77 mg/L
17,000 mg/L
34 mg/L
1,500 mg/L
69
29,000 mg/L
33,000 pmhos/cm
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ZA-LE-003
26 mg/L
110 mg/L
18,000 mg/L
38 mg/L
1.500 mg/L
72
32.000 mg/L
38,000 Mmhos/cm
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ZA-LE-004
5.5 mg/L
17 mg/L
7, 700 mg/L
NA
1,000 mg/L
74
13, 700 mg/L
NA
68 mg/L
NA
NA
02 mg/L
0 18 mg/L
ZA-LE-005
53 mg/L
23 mg/L
8,300 mg/L
NA
700 mg/L
67
16,300 mg/L
NA
44 mg/L
NA
NA
0.2 mg/L
0 19 mg/L
ZA-LE-006
20 mg/L
25 mg/L
14,000 mg/L
NA
780 mg/L
72
24,700 mg/L
> 10,000 Mmhos/cm
(field)
81 mg/L
0
0
<001 mg/L
1.1 mg/L
ZA-LE 007
28 mg/L
420 mg/L
19.000 mg/L
NA
620 mg/L
7 1
3 1.300 mg/L
> 10,000 Mmhos/cm
(field)
120 mg/L
0
0
<001 mg/L
1 2 mg/L
Standards/
Criteria
Primary and
Secondary
Drinking Water
Quality
Standards
SNA
SNA
250 mg/L(W
SNA
250 mg/L(W
SNA
500 mg/L(W
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
lOmg/LW
SNA
NA   Not analyzed due to differences in scope of work.
SNA   Standard Not Available
(a)    Primary Drinking Water Standards
(b)    Secondary Drinking Water Standards
Note:    All Samples were collected from Manhole (1):
            ZA LE 001 was standing liquid sampled on February 11, 1988
            ZA IE 002 was sampled on February 11, 1988 immediately after standing liquid was removed
            ZA-LE-003 was sampled on February II, 1988 1 hour after standing liquid was removed
            ZA LE 004 was sampled on November 29, 1988 immediately after standing liquid was removed
            ZA LE 005 was sampled on November 29, 1988 1  1/2 hours after manhole refilled
            ZA-LE-006 was sampled on June 13, 1989 1 hour after standing liquid was removed
            ZA-LE-007 was sampled on June 13. 1989 2-1/2 hours after collecting ZA-LE-006

-------
                                                        TABLE 2-9
                                               LEACHATE DIOXIN ANALYSES
                                                       FACILITY ZA
Parameter
2,3,7,8-TCDD
TCDD-TOT
PeCDD
HXCDD
HPCDD
OCDD
2,3,7,8-TCDF
TCDF-TOT
PeCDF
HXCDF
HPCDF
OCDF
2,3,7,8-TCDDO)
equivalency ppb
Samples (ppb)
ZA-LE-001
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.222
0 107
ND
ND
ND
ND
0076
ND
2x104
ZA-LE-002
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0094
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.00
ZA-LE-003
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0057
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.00
ZA-LE-004

ND
ND
ND
ND
0.048
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.00

ZA-LE-005

ND
ND
ND
ND
0049
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.00

ZA-LE-006

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND

ZA-LE-007

ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND   Not Detected.

Note:    All Samples were collected from Manhole (1):
              ZA-LE-001 was standing liquid sampled on February 11, 1988.
              ZA-LE-002 was sampled on February 11,1988 immediately after standing liquid was removed
              ZA-LE-003 was sampled on February 11. 1988 1 hour after standing liquid was removed
              ZA-LE-004 was sampled on November 29,1988 immediately after standing liquid was removed.
              ZA-LE-005 was sampled on November 29,1988 1-1/2 hours after manhole refilled.
              ZA-LE-006 was sampled on June 13, 1989 1 hour after standing liquid was removed.
              ZA-LE-007 was sampled on June 13, 1989 2-1/2 hours after collecting ZA-LE-006.

0)    2,3,7,8-TCDD Equivalency calculated using Toxicity Equivalency Factors currently recommended BY EPA (EPA, March 1987).

-------
                                     TABLE 2-10

                 COMPARISON OF ASH EXTRACTS SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES
                       WITH LEACHATE SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES
                             RANGES OF CONCENTRATIONS
                                     FACILITY ZA
Parameter
Benzole acid
Phenol
3-Methyl phenol
4-Methyl phenol
Samples (yg/L)
Deionized Water Extract
130
ND
NO
ND
Leachate
ND
ND-32
ND-6J
ND-6J
        ND   Not detected
        J     indicates approximate value because contaminants were detected at levels
             below detection limits, but above the instrument detection limits.
R339911
2-15

-------
•yo
u>
CO
                                                                          TABLE 2-11

                                         COMPARISON Of ASH EXTRACTS METALS ANALYSES WITH LEACHATE METALS ANALYSES
                                                                 RANGES OF CONCENTRATIONS
                                                                         FACILITY ZA

Parameter

Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Selenium
Silver
Sodium
Zinc
Aluminum Oxide
Calcium Oxide
Magnesium Oxide
Potassium Monoxide
Silicon Dioxide

Samples (m ng/0
COa Extracts
NO
218-282
63-108
ND-5 1
268620
40-304
ND 40
1,540-2,390
ND-15S
NO
NO- 16
108.000-
152,000
22,700-34,400
179-302
693.000-
699.000
32,000-42,800
114,000-
143,000
36,600-71,800

Dl H;O Extracts
ND
457-557
NO-7,6
68-10
160-534
21-115
1,960-3.410
ND-20
ND
ND
ND
130.000-
174,000
651-1,340
ND 195
684,000-
699,000
50379
134.000-
168.000
616-1.640

EPTOX Extracts
ND-31
177-455
592-1,000
6-72
790-2,620
1421,700
94-1 1.300
2,450-4.030
NO
ND
108,000
150,000
37,800-75,900
ND-29,300
2,330,000-
3,580,000
27,300-
58,900
10,100-
154,000
29,000-98,700

TCLP 1 Extracts
ND
505-651
ND
ND
104-301
6646
ND-996
ND 4 1
ND
ND
1,450.000-
1,520,000
42-377
223-3,100
669.000-
2,380,000
74-400
'4J.OOO-
210,000
2,790-5.520
TCLP 2 Extracts
ND
449-809
ND-695
ND-20
76213
20-75,400
ND-174
3 8-5.440
ND
ND
71.700-
228,000
31-78,500
180-1,850
692,000-
3,540.000
623-66.900
63,300-
224.000
1,360-81,100

SAR Extracts
ND
464-561
ND
ND-10
128-610
ND
1,740-3,940
ND 28
ND-23
ND
108.000-
160,000
690-1,290
ND-166
1,100,000-
1,800,000
12 18
118,000-
168,000
364 877

LeachateW
•••••••••••IM
47400
ND
ND-1 7
ND 32
ND
120-3,400
8-54
310-4,600
24-340
ND
3,000,000-
3,800,000
60-370
700-920
3,270,000-
5,360,000
51,000-
70,000
516,000-
525.000
2,100-5,700

EPToxicity
Maximum
Allowable
Limit
5,000
100,000
1,000
5,000
SNA
SNA
5.000

1,000
5,000
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
Safe
Drinking
Water Act<")
MCLs
50


50
SNA
SNA
50

10
50
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
Safe
Drinking
Water Act
-------
                                                                                          TABLE 2- 12
                                                  COMPARISON OF ASH EXTRACTS CONVENTIONAL ANALYSES WITH LEACHATE CONVENTIONAL ANALYSES
                                                                                 RANGES Of CONCENTRATIONS
                                                                                         FACILITY ZA
Parameter
Ammonia- Distilled

-------

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                          3.0  FACILITY ZB FINDINGS
3.1
FACILITY ZB DESCRIPTION
Facility ZB consists of two mass-burn, water-wall boilers.  Refuse is charged into the
boilers by front-end loaders, moves inside the boilers on grates, and is discharged
into an ash quench tank located below the boilers. Dry lime is added to the flue gas
where it is mixed with the fly ash. This mixture is then collected in baghouses and
mixed with the bottom ash for disposal. The steam generated at the facility is used
to generate electricity, which is sold to a local utility. The following details outline
the operational information for this facility.
Startup Date
Refuse Feed Rate:
Operating Temperature:
Residence Time:
Backup Fuel:
Air Feed Information:
Air Feed Rate:

Grate Information:


Refuse Feed Method:
                      Early 1987.
                      75-100 tons/day/boiler.
                      1,800°F.
                      Approximately 1/2 to 3/4 hour in the boiler, where
                      the grates can be slowed to allow wet loads more
                      time to dry out; approximately 20 minutes from ash
                      quench to ash pile.
                      Propane -- is used during start ups and shut downs.
                      Underfire air comes directly from the tipping floor
                      and  is not preheated unless  trash is very  wet.
                      Overfire air comes from inside the boiler room and
                      is not preheated except by the heat buildup in the
                      building.
                      Primary Air     -  10,890 cubic feet/minute
                      Secondary Air  -  5,900 cubic feet/minute
                      There are four zones on the grates:  Drying Zone,
                      Burn Zone, Burn Down Zone, Cool Down Zone. The
                      speed of each zone can be maintained separately.
                      Refuse is dumped on the tipping floor, where new
                      refuse is  mixed with old refuse with a front-end
                      loader.  The front-end loader can only mix waste
                      near the  working face of the pile. If the piles are
                      large  (normal condition),  the  front-end  loader
R339911
                             3-1

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Trash Accepted:
Normal Moisture
Content of Ash:
(As measured by the facility.)
Source of Ash Quench Water:
Electricity Generated:
Electricity Used by Facility:

Ash-Handling Equipment
cannot effectively mix the refuse located on the
bottom  of the pile  away from the working  face.
The front-end loader is also used to load the trash
into the feed hoppers. NUS personnel also observed
several trucks backing right up to the feed hoppers
and  dumping  the  loads  directly  into  the  feed
hoppers or right in front of the hoppers. These
loads were fired directly into the boiler without any
mixing.
Residential  (80%), commercial, and light industrial
(20%)  waste   generated  in  the  surrounding
communities. No sewage sludge is accepted.

36-37 percent.

Ash Quench Water consists of water used to  rinse
the ash bins; water draining from the ash; septic
system discharge;  and blowdowns from cooling
tower and boiler.
4.5 Megawatts/hour.
0.6 Megawatts/hour.
The bottom ash is discharged into one of two quench tanks that are equipped with
drag flight conveyors.  The ash settles to the  bottom of the quench tank and is
moved along by the drag flights. It then travels up an incline and is dumped into ash
bins (roll-off containers).

Dry lime is injected into the flue gas to neutralize any acidic gases.  The lime-fly ash
mixture is collected in baghouses and transported back into the main  building.
Phosphoric acid and water are mixed with the lime-fly ash mixture.  The resulting
mixture is agglomerated and is then added to the bottom ash as the bottom ash
travels up the incline and before it is dumped into the ash bins.

The mixed ash is deposited in the ash bins in two piles. As the first pile reaches the
top of the bin, the ash conveyor is shut down so that the bin can be moved to start
 R339911
                                    3-2

-------
the second pile. Once the bins are full, the ash conveyor is again shut down so that
the bins can be switched. The bins are transported daily to the ash disposal facility.

The ash bins are equipped with drains so that some of the free moisture in the ash
can drain off. When the ash bins are switched, the drains on the full bins are capped,
the outside of the bin is washed off, and the full bin is moved into the yard. Once in
the yard, the ash is leveled off and covered with tarps.  The ash conveyor is restarted
when the empty bin is in place and the caps on the drains are removed.  This process
can take anywhere from  10 to 30 minutes.  The fly ash is continually discharged onto
the incline of the drag conveyor during the changing of the ash bins.

The ash samples at  Facility ZB were collected as the ash traveled up the inclined
portion of the drag conveyor, just after the fly ash was mixed with the bottom ash.
Each partial sample was collected from 1, 2, or 3 different flights, depending on the
quantity of ash present on the flights.

3.2    CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH

Table 3-1 presents the results of the semivolatile analysis of the ash samples from
Facility ZB.  The results  in this table  indicate that bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was
detected in sample ZB-AH-001, the only sample from  this facility analyzed for the
Appendix IX semivolatiles.  This compound appears to be the result of laboratory
contamination.

Table 3-2  presents  the  results  of the  polychlorinated  dibenzo-p-dioxin and
polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/PCDF) analyses of sample ZB-AH-001. Toxicity
equivalency  values  were  calculated according  to   EPA's  methodology  (EPA,
March 1987) and are presented in this table.  The data  in this table indicate that the
PCDDs/PCDFs levels found in the ash are substantially below the Centers for Disease
Control (CDC) recommended  upper level of 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity equivalency of
1 part per billion in residential soil (Kimbrough, 1984).

The results of the metals analyses for the ash  from this facility are presented in
Table 3-3. The data in this table indicate that, except for barium, cadmium, copper,
and zinc, the results were fairly constant during the week of sampling.
R339911                               3-3

-------
The results for the conventional analyses are presented in Table 3-4. The data in this
table indicate that, except for TOC, ammonia, chloride, sulfate, and total alkalinity,
the results were also fairly constant during the week.

3.3    CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LEACHATES

The facility used  for the disposal of ash  from MWC Facility ZB is lined  and is used
exclusively for the disposal of ash from Facility ZB.

The leachate sample (ZB-LE-001)  from the ash disposal facility for MWC Facility ZB
was a grab sample collected from a valve on the main leachate collection line. A
second sample (ZB-LE-002) was collected from the leak detection system located
underthe primary liner.

No Appendix IX  semivolatile compounds or PCDDs/PCDFs were detected in the
leachate sample from the ash disposal facility for MWC Facility ZB, or m the sample
from the leak detection system.

The results for the metals analysis of the leachate sample are shown in Table 3-5.
The data  in this table indicate that none of the compounds exceeded the EP Toxicity
Maximum Allowable Limit. Although the leachate is not required to meet Drinking
Water  Standards, a comparison  of the leachate results with the Primary and
Secondary Drinking Water Standards established under the Safe Drinking Water Act
(EPA:  SNA, June 1989 and EPA:   BNA, October 1988) was made. This comparison
indicates that the majority of the metals results met these standards in the leachate.

Table 3-6 presents the results of the conventional analyses of the leachate sample
(ZB-LE-001). The TDS value was 40,600 mg/L and the pH of the leachate was 6.5.

The results for the metals analysis  of the sample from  the leak detection system
(ZB-LE-002) are shown in Table 3-7.  The  data in this table indicate that none of the
compounds exceeded the EP Toxicity Maximum Allowable  Limit.  Although this
water is not required to meet Drinking Water Standards, a comparison of the results
with the Primary and  Secondary Drinking Water Standards established under the
Safe Drinking  Water Act (EPA: BNA, June 1989 and EPA:  BNA, October 1988) was
made.  This comparison indicates that the results for all metals met these standards
in the sample from the leak detection system.

R339911                               3-4

-------
Table 3-8 presents the results of the conventional analyses of the samples from the
leak detection system. The TDS value was 535mg/L and the pH of the sample
was 6.5.

The data in both Tables 3-7 and 3-8 indicate that the liner is intact and no leachate is
entering the leak detection system.

3.4    CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH EXTRACTS

No Appendix IX  semivolatile compounds or  PCDDs/PCDFs were  detected  in the
composite sample from the deionized water extracts (SW-924) of the ash from MWC
Facility ZB.

Table 3-9 presents the range of results of the metals analyses of the ash extracts from
MWC Facility ZB and the results for the leachate sample from the ash fill serving this
facility.  For comparison,  this table also  lists the EP Toxicity Maximum Allowable
Limits, and the Primary and Secondary Drinking Water Standards established under
the Safe Drinking Water Act (EPA: BNA, June 1989 and EPA: BNA, October 1988).

The results presented in Table 3-9 indicate that the extracts from the EP toxicity, the
TCLP1,  and  the  TCLP2  extraction  techniques  generally   contain   higher
concentrations of  metals than  the extracts produced by the  other extraction
techniques.  The data in  this  table  also indicate  that  the  extracts  from the
CO2 extraction technique generally contain lower concentrations of metals than the
extracts produced by the other extraction techniques.

For this facility, none of the extracts exceeded the EP Toxicity Maximum Allowable
Limits established in Section 261.24 of 40 CFR 261.

Although the ash extracts would not be required to meet Drinking Water Standards,
a comparison of the ash  extract results  with the Drinking Water Standards was
made. This comparison indicates that the majority of the  metals  results met these
standards.

Table 3-10  presents the range of results of the conventional analyses of the ash
extracts from MWC Facility ZB and the  leachate sample from the ash fill serving this

R339911                               3-5

-------
facility.  For comparison, this table also lists the Primary Drinking Water standards for
nitrate,  as well as the Secondary Drinking Water Standards for chloride, sulfate, and
Total Dissolved Solids (IDS).  The data in this table indicate that the results for the
conventional compounds from the CO2 extraction  technique are generally lower
than the results from the other extraction techniques.
R339911                                3-6

-------
                                        TABLE 3-1

                      ASH SEMIVOLATILE RESULTS • SAMPLE ZB-AH-001
                                       FACILITY ZB
Parameter
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Ash Sample Result
(ug/kg)
810JB
                  Indicates approximate value because contaminants were detected
                  at levels below Method Detection Limits, but above the instrument
                  detection limit.
                  Laboratory   identified  compound   as   not  being   detected
                  substantially above  the  level  reported  in  laboratory blanks.
                  Laboratory may be the source of the compound.
R339911
3-7

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                        ASH
          TABLE 3-2

DIOXIN RESULTS - SAMPLE ZB-AH-001
          FACILITY ZB
PCDD/PCDF Homolog
2,3,7,8-TCDD
Other TCDD
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD
Other PeCDD
1,2,3,4,7,8-HXCDD
1,2,3,6,7,8-HXCDD

1,2,3,7,8,9-HXCDD
Other HXCDD
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD
Other HpCDD
OCDD
2,3,7,8-TCDF
Other TCDF
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF
2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF
Other PeCDF
1,2,3,4,7,8-HXCDF
1,2,3,6,7,8-HXCDF
1,2,3,7,8,9-HXCDF
2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF
Other HXCDF
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF
1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF
Other HpCDF
OCDF
Total Toxicity Equivalent
Ash Sample Result
pg/g
(Ppt)
24
351
118
759
40
34

79
342
319
288
544
617
3,721
194
162
1,527
336
524
127
54
939
539
48
197
243

Toxicity
Equivalency
Factor! D
1.0
0.01
0.5
0.005
0.04
0.04

0.04
0.0004
0.001
0.00001
0
0.1
0.001
0.1
0.1
0.001
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.0001
0.001
0.001
0.00001
0

Toxicity
Equivalent
(Ppt)
24
3.51
59
3.80
1.6
1.36

3.16
0 137
0.319
0.00288
0
61.7
3.72
19.4
16.2
1.53
3.36
5.24
1.27
0.54
0.0939
0.539
0.048
0.00197
0
211 ppt
       Toxicity Equivalency Factors are EPA's current recommended factors (EPA, March 1987).
R339911
                                           3-8

-------
 METALS
                                     TABLE 3-3

                               ASH METALS ANALYSES
                                    FACILITY ZB
Parameter
Samples
ZB-AH-001
ZB-AH-002
ZB-AH-003
ZB-AH-004
ZB-AH-005
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Selenium
Silver
Sodium
Zinc
28
484
52
53
9,330
18,800
1,070
508
8.2
5.7
6.9
8,200
8,580
45
322
152
74
1,370
19,300
1,630
559
11
NO
9.4
9,210
6,480
31
1,000
64
67
674
13,600
1,490
622
7.7
ND
6.0
8,940
4,360
56
260
57
118
842
21,500
1,420
846
8.0
ND
10
9,810
15,800
54
283
58
65
4,440
22,200
1,740
515
12
ND
5.4
10,600
6,450
 METAL OXIDES
Aluminum Oxide
Calcium Oxide
Magnesium Oxide
Potassium
Monoxide
Silicon Dioxide
8.46
19.4
1.40
0.941
28.9
10.3
22.3
1.62
0.827
22.1
9.35
21.2
1.45
0.938
29.4
9.26
20.6
1.54
0.912
28.2
739
25.7
1.19
0866
19.0
 ND   Not detected.
R339911
                   3-9

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                                     TABLE 3-4

                            ASH CONVENTIONAL ANALYSES
                                    FACILITY ZB
Parameter
PH
Moisture Content*
TOC
Total Soluble Solids
Ammonia
Nitrate
Orthophosphate
Total Alkalinity
Chloride
Sulfate
Units
S.U.
%
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
Samples
ZB-AH-001
11.48
4.5
14,600
36,700
3.69
2.65
ND
4,520
18,600
963
ZB-AH-002
10.91
5.1
29,600
65,800
10.6
2.75
ND
1,590
44,200
764
ZB-AH-003
11.49
2.7
22,800
44,000
3.93
1.45
ND
5,150
19,500
3,130
ZB-AH-004
11.59
38
29,400
45,300
485
209
ND
6,650
28,000
2,440
ZB-AH-005
11.67
8.8
17,000
55,300
4.76
2.87
ND
6,320
31,400
1,340
ND   Not detected.
*    Determined after samples were prepared.
R339911
3-10

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                                       TABLE 3-5

                              LEACHATE METALS ANALYSES
                                      FACILITY ZB
Parameter
Aluminum
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Calcium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Potassium
Selenium
Silicon
Silver
Sodium
Zinc
Sample (vg/L)
ZB-LE-001
NO
ND
9,220
4.0
8,390,000
ND
8.8
840
ND
17,300
17,600
ND
1,620,000
ND
3,150
ND
2,450,000
8.3
Standards/Criteria (yg/L)
EP Toxicity
Maximum
Allowable Limit
SNA
5,000
100,000
1,000
SNA
5,000
SNA
SNA
5,000
SNA
SNA
200
SNA
1,000
SNA
5,000
SNA
SNA
Safe Drinking
Water Act(a)
MCLs
SNA
50
1,000
10
SNA
50
SNA
SNA
50
SNA
SNA
2.0
SNA
10
SNA
50
SNA
SNA
Safe Drinking
Water Act(b)
SMCLs
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
1,000
300
SNA
SNA
50
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
5,000
    ND   Not detected.
    SNA  Standard Not Aval (able.
    (a)    Primary Drinking Water Standards.
    (W    Secondary Drinking Water Standards.
R339911
3-11

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                                      TABLE 3-6

                         LEACHATE CONVENTIONAL ANALYSES
                                     FACILITY ZB
Parameter
Ammonia-Distilled (as N)
Organic Carbon
Temperature (field)
Sulfate (SO4)
pH (field)
Solids, Dissolved @180°C
Specific Conductance @ 25°C
(field)
Total Alkalinity
Nitrate (as N)
Orthophosphate
Sample
Z8-LE-001
4.18mg/L
30 mg/L
9°C
171 mg/L
6.5
40,600 mg/L
>1 0,000 umhos/cm
65 mg/L
0.45 mg/L
0.01 mg/L
Standards/Criteria
Primary and Secondary
Drinking Water Quality
Standards
SNA
SNA
SNA
250 mg/L(b)
SNA
500 mg/L(b)
SNA
SNA
1 0 mg/L(a)
SNA
        SNA  Standard Not Available.
        (a)    Primary Drinking Water Standards.
        (W    Secondary Drinking Water Standards.
R339911
3-12

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                                       TABLE 3-7

                    LEAK DETECTION SYSTEM SAMPLE METALS ANALYSES
                                      FACILITY ZB
Parameter
Aluminum
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Calcium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Potassium
Selenium
Silicon
Silver
Sodium
Zinc
Sample (vig/L)
ZB-LE-002
19
ND
64
ND
112,000
ND
5.4
ND
ND
15,700
6.7
ND
10,900
ND
3,590
ND
14,000
7.5
Standards/Criteria (ug/L)
EPToxicity
Maximum
Allowable Limit
SNA
5,000
100,000
1,000
SNA
5,000
SNA
SNA
5,000
SNA
SNA
200
SNA
1,000
SNA
5,000
SNA
SNA
Safe Drinking
Water Act(a)
MCLs
SNA
50
1,000
10
SNA
50
SNA
SNA
50
SNA
SNA
2.0
SNA
10
SNA
50
SNA
SNA
Safe Drinking
Water Act(W
SMCLs
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
1,000
300
SNA
SNA
50
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
5,000
    ND   Not detected.
    SNA  Standard Not Available.
    (a)    Primary Drinking Water Standards.
    (fa)    Secondary Drinking Water Standards.
R339911
3-13

-------
                                     TABLE 3-8

               LEAK DETECTION SYSTEM SAMPLE CONVENTIONAL ANALYSES
                                    FACILITY ZB
Parameter
Ammonia-Distilled (as N)
Organic Carbon
Temperature (field)
Sulfate(SO4)
pH (field)
Solids, Dissolved @180°C
Specific Conductance @ 25°C
(field)
Total Alkalinity
Nitrate (as N)
Orthophosphate
Sample
ZB-LE-002
<0.05mg/L
10.6 mg/L
5°C
197mg/L
6.5
535mg/L
880 \i mhos/cm
154mg/L
0.01 mg/L
<0.01 mg/L
Standards/Criteria
Primary and Secondary
Drinking Water Quality
Standards
SNA
SNA
SNA
250mg/L(b)
SNA
500 mg/L(b)
SNA
SNA
10mg/L(a>
SNA
        SNA  Standard Not Available.
        (a)    Primary Drinking Water Standards.
        (b)    Secondary Drinking Water Standards.
R339911
                                        3-14

-------
                                                                                         TABLE 3-9
                                                       COMPARISON OF ASH EXTRACTS METALS ANALYSES WITH LEACHATE METALS ANALYSES
                                                                                RANGES OF CONCENTRATIONS
                                                                                        FACILITY ZB
Parameter
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Selenium
Silver
Sodium
Zinc
Aluminum Oxide
Calcium Oxide
Magnesium Oxide
Potassium Monoxide
Silicon Dioxide
Samples (in pg/L)
CO2 Extracts
ND-53
126-381
ND-92
NO
88 30
ND
NO
NO- 11
ND
ND
ND
114.000-
168.000
5-21
4.990-90,700
737.000-
1.920.000
207-24,600
99,200-155.000
418-1,280
Dl H2O Extracts
ND
454-3.050
ND
ND
18-35
ND
ND-731
ND
ND
ND
ND
123,000-
209,000
40-349
161-48,400
810.000-
1,740.000
21-68
108,000
189,000
406-2,300
EPTOX Extracts
ND
182 350
25-485
ND
25-803
ND
ND-19
250-1.790
0.73-98
ND
ND
128,000-
225,000
67-9.630
ND-100
3.240.000-
4,810,000
70.400-130,000
101,000-
189,000
5,090-32.900
TCLP 1 Extracts
ND
498-1.850
ND
ND
10-36
ND
ND
ND 58
ND-0.25
ND
ND
1.410,000-
1,450,000
97-49
1,410-62.800
1,810,000-
2,750,000
55920
122,000-
203.000
3793,560
TCLP 2 Extracts
ND
321-511
ND-833
ND
5 4-262
ND-3,360
ND
39 2.250
0 37-4.6
ND
ND
1 16,000-
183,000
26-10,000
ND-7.760
3,210,000-
3,640,000
12,400-137,000
100,000
167,000
820-79,000
SAR Extracts
ND
1,150-3.960
ND
ND
21-64
ND
ND 2jt
HO
ND
ND
ND
117,000-
201,000
20-287
102-102,000
699,000-
1.690,000
17-65
114.000-
181,000
544-2,330
Leachate(')
ND
9,220
40
ND
88
840
ND
17,600
ND
ND
ND
2,450,000
83
ND
8,390,000
17.300
1,620,000
3,150
Standards/Criteria (in iig/L)
EPIoxicity
Maximum
Allowable
Limit
5,000
100,000
1,000
5,000
SNA
SNA
S.OOO
SNA
200
1,000
5,000
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
Sale
Drink incj
Water AitW
MCLs
50
1,000
10
50
SNA
SNA
SO
SNA
2
10
SO
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
Safe
Drinking
Water Act
-------
                                                                                           TABLE 3-10
                                                    COMPARISON OF ASH EXTRACTS CONVENTIONAL ANALYSES WITH LEACHATE CONVEN MONAL ANALYSES
                                                                                   RANGES OF CONCENTRATIONS
                                                                                           FACILITY ZB
Parameter
Ammonia-Distilled
2 Extracts
NA
NA
1.080-2,930
22 9-662
NA
NA
0 14-0 36
ND-001
5 51-584
939-1061
Ol H>O Extracts
0 10-0 28
3.37-6 52
1.070-3,040
ND-119
2.180-4,310
285996
0 11-024
ND
11 78-1224
11 12-1248
EP TOX Extracts
NA
NA
1,020-3,440
556-950
NA
NA
0 13-034
006-1 32
11 83 1230
577-864
1CLP 1 Lxtraus
NA
NA
1,3403,500
4 4-524
NA
NA
0 13-031
ND-001
11 78-1224
1040-11 83
TCLP 2 Extracts
NA
NA
1,270-2,720
674-1,110
NA
NA
0 07-0 30
0.01-1 75
11 78-1224
6 23-9 53
SAR Extracts
NA
4 52-11 5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
1145-1201
1083-1242
Leachaie
4 18
300
NA
1/1
40,600
65
045
ND-0 01
NA
NA
SidnddrdWCnlbna (in mg/L)
EPToxicity
Maximum
Allowable
Limit
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
Sdle Drinking
Water ActW
MCLs
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
10
SNA
SNA
SNA
Safe Drinking
Water AUM
SMCLs
SNA
SNA
250
2bO
500
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
U)
             NA   Not analyzed due to differences in scope of work
             NO   Not Detected
             SNA  Standard Not Available
             (a)   Primary Drinking Water Standards
             (b)   Secondary Drinking Water Standards

-------

-------
                          4.0  FACILITY ZC FINDINGS
4.1     FACILITY ZC DESCRIPTION
Facility ZC consists of three mass-burn, water-wall boilers. Refuse is charged into the
boilers by overhead cranes, moves inside the boilers on grates, and is discharged into
ash quench units on the bottom of the boilers.  Fly ash in the exhaust gas is collected
and mixed with the bottom ash for disposal. The steam generated at the facility is
used to generate electricity, which is sold to a local utility.  The following details
provide operational information for this facility.
Startup Date:
Refuse Feed Rate:
Operating Temperature:
Residence Time:
Backup Fuel:

Air Temperature Into Furnace:
Air Feed Rate:

Refuse Feed Method:
Trash Accepted:
Source of Ash Quench Water:

Electricity Generated:
Electricity Used by Facility:
January 1987.
400 tons/day/boiler.
1,750-1,800° F.
Approximately  1-1/2 hours in  boiler, where the
grates can be slowed to allow wet loads more time
to dry out.
Natural gas  - has only been used at start ups and
shutdowns.
Underfire air 380° F; overfire air not heated.
Varies-underfire  air 40,000  cfm;  overfire  air
6,000 cfm.
Old  and new refuse is mixed with  an  overhead
crane.  Mixed refuse  is loaded into boilers with the
overhead crane.  Not much mixing was observed by
NUS personnel.
Any residential,  commercial, or  industrial waste
generated in the local community.   No  sewage
sludge  is accepted. Some waste oil is disposed of at
the facility.
Ash quench  water consists of effluent from a local
sewage treatment plant.
29 Megawatts/hour.
2-1/2 Megawatts/hour.
R339911
       4-1

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Ash-Handling Equipment

The flue gas passes through electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), where the fly ash is
removed from the flue gases.  The fly ash is then transported back to ash quench
reactors located at the bottom of each boiler, where it is mixed with the bottom ash.

The fly ash is mixed with the bottom ash in the ash quench reactors.  From there, the
ash mixture is discharged onto a large shaker conveyor. It travels to  a grizzly, where
large items are removed, is discharged onto a small shaker or pan conveyor, and is
then discharged onto an inclined conveyor belt.  The ferrous material is removed at
the top of the conveyor belt by a rotating electromagnet.   The ash falls from the
inclined belt onto a final shaker conveyor and then falls through one of two chutes
onto the ash pile. The ash is loaded onto trucks for transportation to the ash fill. The
ferrous material  is recycled after passing through a trommel, where small particles of
ash clinging to the metal are removed.

The ash samples at Facility ZC were collected from the final shaker conveyor after the
ferrous material was removed and before the ash passed through the chutes onto
the ash pile.  The ash had a tendency to segregate itself at the top of the inclined
conveyor belt. The large particles came directly from the inclined conveyor and onto
the shaker conveyor, whereas the finer, wetter particles stuck to the belt and started
back down on the underside of the inclined conveyor. These finer particles were
scraped off the underside of the belt about 6 feet from the top of the conveyor. Ash
samples were collected  both from the shaker conveyor and as the ash was scraped
off the bottom of the inclined conveyor.

During the first part of one day's sampling, the samples were collected as the ash
came off the grizzly because the  inclined conveyor was shut down for repairs.  In
addition, the location of the sampling point on the final shaker conveyor changed as
the facility changed the chutes being used to deposit the ash on the ash pile.

4.2    CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH

Table 4-1 presents the results of the semivolatile analysis of the ash samples from
Facility ZC.   The data in  this table indicate that bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and
di-n-butyl phthalate were detected in sample ZC-AH-003, the only sample from this
 R339911                               4-2

-------
facility analyzed for the Appendix IX semivolatiles.  These compounds appear to be
the result of laboratory contamination.

Table 4-2  presents  the  results  of the  polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin  and
polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/PCDF) analyses of sample ZC-AH-003. Toxicity
equivalency values  were  calculated according  to  EPA's  methodology (EPA,
March 1987) and are presented in this table. The data in this table indicate that the
PCDDs/PCDFs levels found in the ash are substantially below the Centers for Disease
Control (CDC)  recommended  upper level of 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity  equivalency of
1 part per billion in residential  soil (Kimbrough, 1984).

The results of  the metals analyses  for the ash from this facility are presented in
Table 4-3.  The  data in this table indicate that, except for copper and manganese, the
results were fairly constant during the week of sampling.

The results for the conventional analyses are presented in Table 4-4. The data in this
table indicate that, except for nitrate, and total alkalinity, the results were also fairly
constant during the week.

4.3    CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LE AC HATES

The facility used for the disposal of ash from MWC Facility ZC is lined and is also used
for the disposal of ash from a different MWC facility. In addition, municipal waste in
excess of the capacity of the MWC facilities is disposed of at this ash disposal facility.
Of the ash disposed of at this  facility, two-thirds of it comes from MWC Facility ZC.
The two leachate samples from the ash disposal facility for MWC Facility ZC were two
grab samples collected from the same leachate collection sump.

No Appendix IX semivolatile  compounds or PCDDs/PCDFs were detected in the
leachate samples from the ash disposal facility for MWC Facility ZC.

The results for the metals analysis of the leachate samples are shown in  Table 4-5.
The data in this table  indicate that none of the compounds exceeded the EP Toxicity
Maximum  Allowable Limit.   Although the leachates are not  required to  meet
Drinking Water Standards, a comparison of the leachate results with the Primary and
Secondary Drinking Water Standards established  under the Safe Drinking Water Act
R339911                               4-3

-------
(EPA: BNA, June 1989 and EPA: BNA, October 1988) was made. This comparison
indicates that the results for all but manganese met these standards in the leachate.

Table 4-6 presents the results of the conventional analyses of the leachate samples.
TDS values ranged from 924 mg/L to 932 mg/L, and the pH of the leachate was 6.9.

4.4    CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH EXTRACTS

No Appendix IX semivolatile compounds or PCDDs/PCDFs  were detected in  the
composite sample from the deionized water extracts (SW-924) of the ash from MWC
Facility ZC

Table 4-7 presents the range of results of the metals analyses of the ash extracts from
MWC Facility ZC and the range of results for the  leachate samples for the ash fill
serving this facility.  For comparison, this table also lists the EP Toxicity Maximum
Allowable Limits, and the Primary and  Secondary  Drinking  Water  Standards
established under the Safe Drinking Water Act (EPA: BNA, June 1989 and EPA: BNA,
October 1988).

The results presented in Table 4-7 indicate that the extracts from the EP Toxicity, the
TCLP1,  and the TCLP 2 extraction  techniques generally  contain higher metal
concentrations than the extracts produced by the other extraction techniques. The
data in this table also indicate that the extracts from the deionized water extraction
technique (SW-924) and the SAR extraction technique generally contain lower metal
concentrations than the extracts produced by the other extraction techniques.

For this facility, the extracts from the EP Toxicity, as well as the TCLP 2 extraction
techniques, exceeded  the  EP Toxicity Maximum  Allowable Limits established in
Section 261.24 of 40CFR261 for cadmium and lead, whereas the extracts from the
TCLP 1  extraction technique exceeded the EP Toxicity Maximum Allowable Limits
only for cadmium.

Although the ash extracts would not be required to meet Drinking Water Standards,
a comparison of the ash  extract  results with the Drinking Water Standards was
made.  This comparison indicates that the majority of the metals results met these
standards.
R339911                               4-4

-------
Table 4-8  presents the range of results of  the  conventional  analyses of the ash
extracts from MWC Facility ZC and the range  of results for the leachate samples from
the ash fill serving this facility.  For comparison, this table also lists the Primary
Drinking Water Standards for nitrate,  as well as the Secondary Drinking  Water
Standards for chloride, sulfate, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS).
R339911                                4-5

-------
                                       TABLE 4-1

                      ASH SEMIVOLATILE RESULTS - SAMPLE ZC-AH-003
                                       FACILITY ZC
Parameter
Bis(2-ethylhexyi)phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Ash Sample Result
(ug/kg)
310JB
400JB
                   Indicates  approximate  value  because  contaminants  were
                   detected at levels below Method Detection Limits, but above
                   the instrument detection limits.
                   Laboratory  identified  compound  as  not   being  detected
                   substantially above the level reported  in laboratory  blanks
                   Laboratory may be the source of the compound.
R339911
4-6

-------
                         ASH
          TABLE 4-2

DIOXIN RESULTS • SAMPLE ZC-AH-003
         FACILITY ZC
PCDD/PCDF Homolog
2,3,7,8-TCDD
Other TCDO
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD
Other PeCDD
1,2,3,4,7,8-HXCDD

1,2,3,6,7,8-HXCDD

1,2,3,7,8,9-HXCDD

Other HXCDD
1 ,2,3,4,6, 7,8-HpCDD
Other HpCDD
OCDD
2,3,7,8-TCDF
Other TCDF
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF
2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF
Other PeCDF
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF
1, 2,3,6, 7,8-HxCDF
1,2,3,7,8,9-HXCDF
2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF

Other HXCDF
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF
1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF

Other HpCDF
OCDF
Total Toxicity Equivalent
Ash Sample Result
pg/g
(ppt)
16
281
71
1,051
66

90

120

925
1,849
1,511
6,906
236
1,208
64
56
607
218
279
193
70

635
653
83

254
563

Toxicity
Equivalency
Factor* D
1.0
0.01
0.5
0.005
0.04

0.04

0.04

0.0004
0.001
0.00001
0
0.1
0.001
0.1
0.1
0.001
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01

0.0001
0.001
0.001

0.00001
0

Toxicity
Equivalent
(PPt)
16
2.81
35.5
5.26
2.64

3.6

4.8

0.37
1 85
0.0151
0
236
1 21
6.4
56
0.607
2.18
2.79
1.93
0.70

0.0635
0.653
0.083

0.00254
0
119 ppt
      > Toxicity Equivalency Factors are EPA's current recommended factors, (EPA, March 1987).
R339911
             4-7

-------
METALS
                                    TABLE 4-3

                              ASH METALS ANALYSES
                                    FACILITY ZC
Parameter
Samples
ZC-AH-001
ZC-AH-002
ZC-AH-003
ZC-AH-004
ZC-AH-005
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Selenium
Silver
Sodium
Zinc
31
213
42
51
1,150
21,300
2,380
1,200
1.8
ND
8.8
8,630
4,660
36
193
49
53
524
20,000
2,580
826
1.1
ND
12
8,940
7,170
30
248
52
57
4,470
23,500
1,760
898
2.3
ND
5.8
7,940
4,390
28
314
47
45
758
22,100
2,630
565
3.2
ND
5.6
8,040
4,180
29
331
48
48
547
25,000
1,710
518
1 7
ND
6.0
7,370
4,110
 METAL OXIDES
Aluminum Oxide
Calcium Oxide
Magnesium Oxide
Potassium
Monoxide
Silicon Dioxide
8.64
9.7
1.02
0.875
62.9
7.98
11.4
1.17
1.07
53.8
6.67
10.8
1.3
1.04
48.4
6.65
10.3
1.08
1.03
57.0
5.93
10.6
1.11
0.992
49.5
 ND   Not detected.
S3399V
                   4-8

-------
                                      TABLE 4-4

                             ASH CONVENTIONAL ANALYSES
                                     FACILITY ZC
Parameter
pH
Moisture Content*
TOC
Total Soluble Solids
Ammonia
Nitrate
Orthophosphate
Total Alkalinity
Chloride
Sulfate
Units
S.U.
%
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
Samples
ZC-AH-001
11.75
1.0
9,020
24,600
1.49
6.46
ND
2,690
5,180
7,870
ZC-AH-002
11.82
1.5
12,300
22,000
1.86
0.11
NO
2,970
3,870
5,900
ZC-AH-003
11.58
2.0
14,100
23,600
1.40
0.09
ND
1,210
4,180
7,400
ZC-AH-004
11.82
0.6
9,830
23,000
1 33
0.14
ND
2,840
5,860
9,060
ZC-AH-005
11 74
1 4
17,800
26,100
2.10
0.28
ND
3,040
5,280
10,300
ND   Not detected.

*Determined after samples were prepared.
R339911
4-9

-------
                                      TABLE 4-5

                              LEACHATE METALS ANALYSES
                                      FACILITYZC
Parameter
Aluminum
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Calcium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Potassium
Selenium
Silicon
Silver
Sodium
Zinc
Samples (yg/L)
ZC-LE-001
ND
ND
7.8
ND
64,600
ND
ND
108
ND
22,600
493
ND
79,700
ND
4,570
ND
188,000
13
ZC-LE-002
ND
ND
8.0
ND
65,800
ND
ND
115
34
23,000
501
ND
81,200
ND
4,840
ND
191,000
9.0
Standards/Criteria (ug/L)
EPToxicity
Maximum
Allowable Limit
SNA
5,000
100,000
1,000
SNA
5,000
SNA
SNA
5,000
SNA
SNA
200
SNA
1,000
SNA
5,000
SNA
SNA
Safe Drinking
Water Act(a)
MCLs
SNA
50
1,000
10
SNA
50
SNA
SNA
50
SNA
SNA
2.0
SNA
10
SNA
50
SNA
SNA
Safe Drinking
Water Act<&>
SMCLs
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
1,000
300
SNA
SNA
50
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
5,000
ND   Not detected.
SNA   Standard Not Available.
(a)    Primary Drinking Water Standards.
(b)    Secondary Drinking Water Standards.
R339911
4-10

-------
                                       TABLE 4-6

                           LEACHATE CONVENTIONAL ANALYSES
                                      FACILITY ZC
Parameter
Ammonia-Distilled (as N)
Organic Carbon
Temperature (field)
Sulfate(SO4)
pH (field)
Solids, Dissolved @180°C
Specific Conductance @ 25°C
(field)
Total Alkalinity
Nitrate (as N)
Orthophosphate
Samples
ZC-LE-001
68.2 mg/L
47.2 mg/L
21°C
14.5 mg/L
6.9
924 mg/L
1,800umhos/cm
560 mg/L
0.40 mg/L
<0.01 mg/L
ZC-LE-002
77.4 mg/L
49.3 mg/L
NA
14.4 mg/L
NA
932 mg/L
NA
566 mg/L
0.41 mg/L
<0.01 mg/L
Standards/Criteria
Primary and Secondary
Drinking Water Quality
Standards
SNA
SNA
SNA
250 mg/L(t>>
SNA
500 ,(b
SNA
SNA
10mg/L(a)
SNA
   NA    Not analyzed a second time.  Temperature, specific conductance, and pH were only
         measured once in the field.
   SNA   Standard Not Available.
       Primary Drinking Water Standards.
   (b)    Secondary Drinking Water Standards.
R339911
4-11

-------
                                                                                            TABLE 4-7
                                                         COMPARISON OF ASH EXTRACTS METALS ANALYSES WITH LEACHATE METALS ANALYSES
                                                                                   RANGES OF CONCENTRATIONS
                                                                                           FACILITY ZC
Paiameler
Arsenic
Barium
Cddmium
Chromium
Copper
lion
lead
Manganese
Mercury
Selenium
Silver
Sodium
/me
Aluminum Oxide
Calcium Oxide
Magnesium Oxide
Potassium Monoxide
Silicon Dioxide
Samples (in ug/L)
CO, Extracts
NO
148-245
30 110
6898
33 146
ND 33
44 159
788-1.420
ND
ND
ND
139.000-
166.000
4.370 127.000
70 106
621.000-
759,000
23,200 34,700
108.000-
142,000
20,000 34,500
DIH^O Extracts
ND-45
139-192
ND
86 16
1246
ND-14
ND53
ND20
ND-0 32
ND
ND
140,000
189.000
37-270
50.400203,000
141.000-
193,000
42 318
1 16,000-
159,000
503-1.560
EP1OX Extracts
ND-22
23 198
897-1,200
36-72
929-2,300
3,160 24,300
5,180 10.400
2.600-8.540
ND-0 67
ND
ND
129,000
158,000
57,000-80.100
20.000-34.500
1.300.000-
1,600.000
47.800-63,000
1 10.000-
127.000
20.900 79.000
1CLP 1 Extracts
ND
197-275
646-1.020
56-80
50291
ND 113
337 2,960
1.900-5,170
ND 0 49
ND
NO
1.510.000-
1.640,000
24.300-47.400
ND 1.320
1,110.000
1.330,000
39.400-375,000
83,200-134.000
22,400-51.700
TCLP 2 Extracts
ND60
•12223
758 1.380
162 265
41 1.200
14,400-46,300
8,090 11,700
2.750-7.370
0 32-0 44
ND
ND
123.000-
170.000
51.900-94,400
98.200-118.000
1.500.000-
1,820.000
59.70083.600
91,200-
1,110.000
7.17048,700
SAR Extracts
ND
129 182
ND-60
59-83
8536
ND97
ND 201
ND64
ND 1 1
ND
ND
124.000-
160,000
30-132
74,500-118,000
142.000-
199,000
49-430
104.000
136,000
518-1.410
Leachaie>
SMCLS
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
1,000
300
SNA
SO
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
5,000

SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
NJ
ND
SNA
                    Not Delected
                    Sunddid Not Available
(a)    I'nmjiy (>iin> iillj W.jli'l Sl.i
(ii)    Set ondkiry Onnkinrj vVuler
(c)    Kiiulli loi jluiiiinum  i jl. .

-------
                                                                                               TABLE 4-8
                                                      COMPARISON OF ASH EXTRACTS CONVENTIONAL ANALYSES WITH LEACHATE CONVENTIONAL ANALYSES
                                                                                      MANGES Of CONCENTRATIONS
                                                                                              FACILITY ZC
Pacauieler
Ammonia-Distilled
(asN)
1 otal Organic Cai bov\
Chloride
Sulfdte
Solids. Dissolved
 180-C
Total Alkalinity
Nitrate (as N)
Orthophosphate
titr act's Initial pll
Extract's Final pH
Samples (m mtj/L)
CO2 Extracts
0 120 19
NA
173 195
587 777
NA
NA
0 O/ 1 59
NO 002
5 74-5 93
6 68-6 99
01 H^O Extracts
0 16-0 24
451 7 IS
181-230
187-448
I.OSO- 1.320
228696
006-094
NO-0 01
1052-1070
10 28 1060
tPTOX Lxtraus
0 19-0 10
NA
183-226
727-1,650
NA
NA
031-071
NO 0 22
1063-1084
4 97-5 02
KIP 1 Extracts
0 15-0 19
NA
189-255
585-984
NA
NA
025 1 33
ND 001
4 86-5 01
5 99-7 00
TtLP 2 Extracts
0 18-0 32
•NA
196 281
536 1,140
NA
NA
008-15 3
0 79-2 04
3 28 3 64
4 63 4 79
SAR Extracts
28 302
2 58 554
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NO-0 01
1020-1041
1025-1063
leachate
68 2-774
47 2-49 3
NA
14 4 14 5
924-932
560-566
0400 41
ND
NA
NA
Sidi id jr ds/Cr i tena (in mg/L)
EPToxioly
Maximum
Allowable
Limit
5NA
SNA
SNA
5NA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
Sale- DitnkirM}
Water AclW
MCLs
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
10
SNA
SNA
SNA
Sale Dnnkmg
Water AcllW
SMCLs
SNA
SNA
250
250
500
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
U)
               NA   Not analyzed due to differences in scope of work
               ND   Not Delected
               SNA  Standard Not Available
               (a)   Primary Drinking Water Standards
               (b)   Secondary Drinking Water Standards

-------

-------
                          5.0  FACILITY ZD FINDINGS
5.1
FACILITY ZD DESCRIPTION
Facility ZD consists of two mass-burn, water-wall boilers.  Refuse is charged into the
boiler by overhead cranes, moves inside the boilers on grates, and is discharged into
an ash quench tank located below the boilers. Fly ash in the exhaust gas is collected
and mixed with the bottom ash for disposal. The steam generated by the facility is
used to generate electricity, which is sold to a local utility. The following  details
outline operational information for this facility.
Refuse Feed Rate:
Operating Temperature:
Residence Time:
Backup Fuel:
Air Feed Information:
Refuse Feed Method:
Trash Accepted:
Source of Ash Quench Water:
                      750 tons/day/boiler.
                      2,400-2,600° F.
                      Approximately 45 minutes  in  boiler where the
                      grates can be slowed to allow wet loads more time
                      to dry out; approximately  10 minutes  from ash
                      quench to ash pile.
                      None.
                      Primary  air comes  from the charging floor and
                      tipping floor. Secondary air comes from outside the
                      building. Neither is preheated.
                      Refuse is dumped on the tipping floor. The tipping
                      floor is covered, but is not totally enclosed. Old and
                      new waste is mixed with an overhead crane. Mixing
                      of the waste did not appear to be done frequently.
                      The overhead crane loads the waste into the feed
                      hopper on the boilers.
                      Residential (90%) and  commercial/light industrial
                      (10%)    waste   generated    in    surrounding
                      communities.  No  sewage sludge, pathological,
                      hazardous, biological, dental, or liquid wastes are
                      accepted.
                      Ash quench water consists of  blowdowns from
                      cooling tower and  boiler and cooling water. City
                      water is used as makeup water.
R339911
                             5-1

-------
Ash-Handling Equipment

The bottom ash is discharged into one of two quench tanks, which are equipped
with drag flight conveyors. The ash settles to the bottom of the quench tank and is
moved along by the drag flights, then travels up an incline, and is discharged into a
trommel with 3-inch  openings.  The material that is larger than 3 inches in size
travels through the trommel and is deposited in a truck. This material is then sent to
an onsite magnetic separator, where the ferrous metal is removed.  Any remaining
material is added to the waste in the receiving trench and is sent back through the
incinerator.  The material that is smaller than 3 inches in size drops through the
trommel onto a vibrating conveyor. A rotating  magnet is used to remove the ferrous
material.  All other material is deposited in a truck for disposal in the ash fill.

The fly ash is removed from the exhaust gas  by electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) and
is mixed with the bottom ash in the quench tanks. The drag flights are shut down
when trucks are being switched.

The ash samples at Facility ZD were collected from the vibrating conveyor just after
the electromagnet removed the ferrous material  and just  before the  ash  was
deposited in the truck used to transport it to the ash disposal facility.  This MWC
facility had two ash conveyors that it could use to move the ash from the ash quench
tanks to the ash trucks. All of the samples were collected from just one ash conveyor.

5.2    CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH

Table 5-1  presents the results of the semivolatile analysis of the  ash samples from
Facility ZD.  The data in this table indicate that some  phthalates were detected in
sample ZD-AH-003, the only sample from this facility analyzed for the Appendix IX
semivolatiles.    These  compounds  appear  to  be  the   result  of  laboratory
contamination.  The data also indicate that low levels of phenanthrene (310 ppb)
andfluoranthene (170 ppb) were detected in sample ZD-AH-003.  Phenanthrene and
fluoranthene  are  polynudear  aromatic hydrocarbons  (PAHs)  and are  common
products of the combustion of organic material.

Table 5-2  presents  the  results of the  polychlorinated  dibenzo-p-dioxin  and
polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/PCDF) analyses of sample ZD-AH-003. Toxicity

R339911                               5-2

-------
equivalency values were calculated using EPA's methodology (EPA, March 1987) and
are presented  in this table. The data in this table indicate that the PCDDs/'PCDFs
levels found  in  the ash  are  below  the  Centers  for  Disease  Control  (CDC)
recommended upper level of 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity equivalency of 1 part per billion
in residential soil (Kimbrough, 1984).

The results of the metals analyses for the ash  from this facility are presented  in
Table 5-3. The data in this table indicate that, except for chromium, copper, lead,
and zinc, the results were fairly constant during the week of sampling.

The results for the conventional analyses are presented in Table 5-4.  The data in this
table  indicate  that, except for TOC, nitrate, sulfate, and chloride,  the results were
also fairly constant during the week the samples were collected.

5.3    CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LEACHATES

The facility used  for the disposal of ash from MWC Facility ZD is unlined and is used
exclusively for the disposal of ash from Facility ZD.  The leachate samples from the
ash disposal facility for MWC Facility ZD were grab samples collected from shallow
water quality  lysimeters installed in the ash fill after the ash had  been  placed.
Samples ZD-LE-001 and ZD-LE-003 were collected from the same lysimeter in an area
of more recently disposed ash.  Sample ZD-LE-002 was collected from a lysimeter in
an area  of older ash.  Figure 5-1 gives a general description of the lysimeter's
construction.

No Appendix IX  semivolatile compounds or PCDDs/PCDFs were detected  in the
leachate samples from the ash disposal facility for MWC Facility ZD.

The results for the metals analysis of the leachate samples are shown in Table 5-5.
The data in this  table indicate that the results  for all three samples are generally
consistent. However, the results for ZD-LE-002, which was collected in an area  of
older  ash, are generally lower than the results for the other two samples.
R339911                               5-3

-------
                        STELrSCTETNE
                        CASING WTHlOTGi
                        CAP
                                             WA7L3,CUALiTf
                                             LYSiME!3
                                                         39ITCNITH'3nCUT


                                                         3BTON1TE3EAL

                                                          OTTAWA SAND PACK
                          CGUUECMLSOO
                      NOTE:  ILLUSTRATION NOT TO SCALE
WATER
QUALITY
LYSIMETER
10
B-3A
C-1AA
C-4A
E-1A
TOTAL DEPTH
BELOW GRADE
(Feet)
9.5
10.5
10.0
10.25
THICKNESS
BENTONITE
CEMENT
GROUT
(Feet)
2.25
4.0
3.5
3.75
THICKNESS
BENTONITE
SEAL
(Feet)
2.25
2.25
2.0
2.0
THICKNESS OF
OTTAWA
SAND
(Feet)
5.0
4.25
4.5
4.5
                                   FIGURE 5-1

               WATER QUALITY LYSIMETER INSTALLATION DETAIL
R339911
                                      5-4

-------
The data in Table 5-5 also indicate that none of the metals exceeded the EP Toxicity
Maximum Allowable Limits.  Although the leachates are not required to meet
Drinking Water Standards, a comparison of the leachate results with the Primary and
Secondary Drinking Water Standards established under the Safe Drinking Water Act
(EPA:  BNA, June 1989 and EPA:  BNA, October 1988) was made. This comparison
indicates that the results for all but iron and manganese met these standards.

Table 5-6 presents the results of the conventional analyses of the leachate samples.
TDS values ranged from 8,030 mg/L to 13,000 mg/L

5.4    CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH EXTRACTS

No PCDDs/PCDFs were detected in the composite sample from the deionized water
extracts of the ash from MWC Facility ZD.

Table 5-7 presents the results of the Appendix IX semivolatile  analysis  of  the
composite  sample from the deionized  water  extract  of  the ash from  MWC
Facility ZD.  Benzoic acid (26 ppb) was the only Appendix IX semivolatile compound
found in this composite sample.  This table also indicates that  no Appendix IX
semivolatile compounds  were detected in the leachate samples from the  ash fill
serving this facility.

Table 5-8 presents the range of results of the metals analyses of the ash extracts from
MWC Facility ZD  and the range of results of the leachate samples from the ash fill
serving this facility.  For comparison, this table also lists the EP Toxicity Maximum
Allowable  Limits, and  the  Primary and Secondary Drinking Water Standards
established under the Safe Drinking Water Act (EPA: BNA, June 1989 and EPA: BNA,
October 1988).

The results presented in Table 5-8 indicate that the extracts from the EP Toxicity, the
TCLP1,   and  the  TCLP2   extraction   techniques  generally  contain   higher
concentrations of metals than the extracts  produced  by  the other  extraction
techniques.  For this facility, the extracts from the EP toxicity, the  TCLP 1, and the
TCLP2 extraction techniques exceeded the EP Toxicity Maximum Allowable Limits
established in Section 261.24of 40  CFR 261 for cadmium and lead.
R339911                               5-5

-------
Although the ash extracts would not be required to meet Drinking Water Standards,
a comparison of the ash extract results with the Drinking Water Standards was
made.  This comparison indicates that the majority of the metals results met these
standards.

Table 5-9 presents the  range of results of the conventional  analyses of the ash
extracts from MWC Facility ZD and the leachate samples from the ash fill serving this
facility.  For comparison, this table  also lists the Primary Drinking Water Standards
for nitrate, as well as the Secondary Drinking Water Standards for chloride, sulfate,
and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS).
R339911                                5-6

-------
                                         TABLE 5-1

                       ASH SEMI VOLATILE RESULTS - SAMPLE ZD-AH-003
                                        FACILITY ZD
Parameter
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Fluoranthene
Phenanthrene
Ash Sample Result
(ug/kg)
390JB
270JB,
170J
310J
                    Indicates  approximate  value  because contaminants  were
                    detected at levels below Method Detection Limits, but above
                    the instrument detection limit.
                    Laboratory  identified compound  as  not  being  detected
                    substantially above the level  reported in  laboratory blanks.
                    Laboratory may be the source of the compound.
                    Compound was identified during data validation as not being
                    detected  substantially  above  the  level   reported  in  the
                    laboratory blanks.   Laboratory may  be the source of the
                    contamination.
R339911
5-7

-------
                                      TABLE 5-2

                        ASH DIOXIN RESULTS - SAMPLE ZD-AH-003
                                      FACILITY ZD
PCDO/PCDF Homolog
2,3,7,8-TCDD
Other TCDD
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD
Other PeCDD
1,2,3,4,7,8-HXCDD
1,2,3,6,7,8-HXCDO
1,2,3,7,8,9-HXCDD
Other HXCDD
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD
Other HpCDO
OCDD
2,3,7.8-TCDF
Other TCDF
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF
2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF
Other PeCDF
1,2,3A7,8-HXCDF
1,2,3,6,7,8-HXCDF
1,2,3,7,8,9-HXCDF
2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF
Other HXCDF
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF
1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF
Other HpCDF
OCDF
Total Toxicity Equivalent
Ash Sample Result
pg/g
(ppt)
35
541
ND
1,910
86
148
194
853
1,555
1,384
4,519
626
2,633
151
171
1,736
654
660
479
124
1,686
1,842
119
384
893

Toxicity
Equivalency
Factor* 1>
1.0
0.01
0.5
0.005
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.0004
0.001
0.00001
0
0.1
0.001
0.1
0.1
0.001
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.0001
0.001
0.001
0.00001
0

Toxicity
Equivalent
(ppt)
35
5.41
0
955
3 44
592
7 76
0 34
1 56
00138
0
626
2 63
15 1
17 '
1 74
6.54
6.60
4.79
1.24
0 169
1 84
0.119
0.00384
0
189 ppt
     ND-Not detected below 221 pg/g.
     0)Toxicity Equivalency Factors are EPA's current recommended factors (EPA, March 1987).
R339911
                                          5-8

-------
 METALS
                                     TABLE 5-3

                               ASH METALS ANALYSES
                                    FACILITY ZD
Parameter
Samples
ZD-AH-001
ZD-AH-002
ZD-AH-003
ZE-AH-004
ZD-AH-005
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Selenium
Silver
Sodium
Zinc
30
411
51
87
1,050
34,600
4,090
574
0.91
2.9
7.5
6,050
5,660
54
440
66
199
960
37,100
5,040
609
1.5
NO
9.4
6,480
6,560
43
545
69
70
1,490
27,400
2,980
618
2.1
3.1
11
6,500
8,000
44
434
42
54
959
31,100
2,860
965
0.55
3.9
6.3
6,100
4,930
36
432
39
52
1,800
22,900
22,400
636
0.97
3.2
7.6
5,890
4,260
 METAL OXIDES
Aluminum Oxide
Calcium Oxide
Magnesium Oxide
Potassium
Monoxide
Silicon Dioxide
12
11
2.0
1.4
35
12
11
1.9
1 1
37
13
10
2.2
0.79
35
9.9
12
2.2
1.1
32
11
11
1 8
0.98
36
 NO   Not detected.
R339911
                  5-9

-------
                                     TABLE 5-4

                            ASH CONVENTIONAL ANALYSES
                                    FACILITY ZD
Parameter
PH
Moisture Content*
TOC
Total Soluble Solids
Ammonia
Nitrate
Orthophosphate
Total Alkalinity
Chloride
Sulfate
Units
S.U.
%
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
Samples
ZD-AH-001
10.69
0.4
25,800
6,850
1.00
1.59
ND
852
1,270
2,220
ZD-AH-002
10.60
1 6
30,000
13,200
1 04
1.14
0.05
558
2,190
5,580
ZD-AH-003
10.51
1.2
52,100
6,440
1.02
0.44
0.05
786
766
1,680
ZD-AH-004
10.36
1.2
11,400
8,740
0.90
0.96
0.05
852
854
2,360
ZD-AH-005
10.46
0.9
53,200
7,150
1.08
0.72
0.05
922
869
1,800
NO   Not detected.
*    Determined after samples were prepared.
R339911
5-10

-------
                                                               TABLE 5-5
                                                      LEACHATE METALS ANALYSES
                                                              FACILITY ZD
Parameter
Aluminum
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Calcium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Potassium
Selenium
Silicon
Silver
Sodium
Zinc
Samples (iig/L)
ZO-LE-001
NO
ND
40
ND
477,000
ND
12
187
ND
345.000
795
ND
636,000
ND
15.300
ND
2.480.000
87
ZD-LE-002
ND
ND
18
ND
386.000
ND
4.6
523
ND
367.000
718
ND
229.000
ND
8,760
ND
1.340,000
ND
ZD-LE-003
ND
ND
38
ND
470.000
ND
73
211
ND
340,000
857
ND
632.000
ND
14,900
ND
2.S80.000
52
Standards/Criteria (ug/L)
EP Toxicity
Maximum
Allowable
Limit
SNA
5,000
100,000
1,000
SNA
5.000
SNA
SNA
5.000
SNA
SNA
200
SNA
1.000
SNA
5.000
SNA
SNA
Safe Drinking
Water Act<*)
MCLs
SNA
50
1,000
10
SNA
50
SNA
SNA
50
SNA
SNA
0.2
SNA
10
SNA
50
SNA
NA
Safe Drinking
Water ActlW
SMCLs
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
1.000
300
SNA
SNA
50
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
5,000
en
           ND   Not detected
           SNA   Suinddfd Not Available
(«»)    Primary Drinking Water Standards
(b)    Secondary Drinking Water Standards

-------
                                                          TABLE 5-6
                                             LEACHATE CONVENTIONAL ANALYSES
                                                         FACILITY ZD
Parameter
Ammonia-Distilled (as N)
Organic Carbon
Temperature (field)
Sulfate (SO4)
pH (field)
Solids, Dissolved @ 180°C
Specific Conductance
@ 25°C (field)
Total Alkalinity
Nitrate (as N)
Orthophosphate
Samples
ZD-LE-001
4.38 mg/L
28.8 mg/L
30°C
4,920 mg/L
NAO)
12, 700 mg/L
>1 0,000 pmhos/cm
709 mg/L
0.04 mg/L
0.24 mg/L
ZD-LE-002
28 4 mg/L
30 .7 mg/L
19"C
4, 140 mg/L
NAO)
8,030 mg/L
9,400 pmhos/cm
744 mg/L
<001 mg/L
0.1 7 mg/L
2D-LE-003
NA<2>
NA<2>
30°C
5,080 mg/L
NA(D
13,000 mg/L
> 10,000 pmhos/cm
71 1 mg/L
<0 01 mg/L
0.22 mg/L
Standards/Criteria
Primary and
Secondary Drinking
Water Quality
Standards
SNA
SNA
SNA
250 mg/L)
SNA
500 mg/L(b)
SNA
SNA
10 mg/L U)
SNA
in
i
NJ
          *     pH meter was not working properly.
          0)    Not analyzed due to pH meter not working properly.
          (2)    Not analyzed since this sample was a duplicate of ZD-LE-001 and only selected parameters were analyzed for
          SNA  Standard Not Available.
          (")    Primary Drinking Water Standards.
          (i>)    Secondary Drinking Water Standards.

-------
                                      TABLE 5-7

                   COMPARISON OF ASH EXTRACT SEMIVOLAT1LE RESULTS
                          TO LEACHATE SEMI VOLATILE RESULTS
                                     FACILITY ZD
Parameter
Benzoic Acid
Samples (ug/D
Deionized Water Extract
26 JT
Leachate
ND
ND Not Detected.
J Indicates approximate value because contaminants were detected at levels below
         Method Detection Limits, but above the instrument detection limits.
         The mass spectrum does not meet EPA CLP criteria for confirmation, but compound
         presence is strongly suspected.
3339911
5-13

-------
tO
0}
                                  TABLE 5-8


COMPARISON OF ASH EXTRACTS METALS ANALYSES WITH LEACHATE METALS ANALYSES

                         RANGES OF CONCENTRATIONS

                                  FACILITY ZD

Pardmeler

Barium
Cadmium
Ctiiommm
Copper
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury

Si uer
Sodium

Aluminum Oxide
Cdlcium Oxide
Magnesium Oxide
_^ ^_^_ __ ~- — •— — •
Potassium Monoxide
Silicon Dioxide

Samples (in ng/L)
CO2 Extracts
HO
227502
167 354
NO
42 246
NO-45
127-504
931 1.420
HP 077
ND
ND
24,800-49,800
15,200 30,600
ND-204
398,000-
759.000
35.000 59,300
12.300-33.400
24.000 29,700

Dl HiO Extracts
NO
201 285
NO
NO
3480
NO
NO
ND
NO 090
ND
ND
24.100-42.600
54-24
71,000-97,900
199,000-
255.000
71-156
13,100 30,400
402 642

EPTOX Extracts
ND
162-290
195 1,100
NO-49
24 1,550
1.200-27.100
3.490-19,700
1,3204.900
NO 0 29
ND
ND
33,600-52,500
30.300-95.600
4,870-18,200
592,000-
1,250,000
42,600 86,500
1 7.000-38.600
27.400 49,100
TCLP 1 Extracts

245418
426-1.150
NO 80
8 5-858
ND-7,220
4,050 10,500
1,940-3.110
ND-0 53
NO
NO
1.380.000-
1,430,000
43 400-79.500
3446.090
666,000-
970,000
56.300 73,000
14,600-32,000
25.600-33.400
1CIP 2 Extracts

1 10 586
601 1,560
145 799
125-1.400
32,800-103.000
22,700-26,400
3.350 5,750
NO
NO
ND
38,700-68.300
61,000 164.000
88.600 130,000
949,000
1.670,000
94,100-121,000
15,100-40,900
118.000-
143.000

5AR Extracts

166 262
ND
NO
32 82
NO
NO-43
ND
027 0 53
ND
NO
24,20042,100
12-35
/2.300 84.200
194,000
246,000
52 319
14,500-31,200
703 989

IfdChatelO

18-40
ND
NO
4 6 12
187-523
NO
718857
ND
ND
ND
1.340,000-
2.580,000
NO 8 7
NO
386,000-
477.000
340.000
367.000
229,000-
636.000
B./60 15.300
Standdrds/Criieiidlm ug/l)
EP loxitily
Maximum
Allouvable
Limit

100.000
1.000
5.000
SNA
SNA
5,000
SNA
200
1.000
5.000
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
Suit
Drinking
Wate< Actl")
MCLs

1,000
10
50

SNA
SO
SNA
2
10
SO
SNA

SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
Sale
Drinking
Water Act»'l
SMCLs

SNA
SNA
SNA
1.000
300

SO






SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA

               ND   Nol Delected

               SNA   Sljndard No! Av
                             (a)    Primary Drinking Water Standards

                             (l>)    Stcondaiy Onokmy Wultr Standards
                             (()    Hesulls lui .iluininuin laltium. maynesiurn. pnlassiurn. and siluonare lor meuK ».u noi u.ides

-------
                                                                                                 TABLE 5-9
                                                        COMPARISON OF ASH EXTRACTS CONVENTIONAl ANALYSES (WITH LEACHATE CONVENTIONAL ANALYSES
                                                                                        MANGES Of CONCENTRATIONS
                                                                                                FACILITY ZO
Paramelei
Ammonia Distilled
(asN)
Total Organic Carbon
Chloride
Sulfate
Solids. Dissolved
(3> I80"C
total Alkalinity
Niliate(asN)
Orlhophospttdlt'
Lxtrad's Initial pH
Extract's Final pH
Samples (in mg/L)
COj Extracts
0 07-0 09
NA
39 7 77 2
336572
NA
NA
0 20 0 26
NO 006
4 SB 4 96
6426 71
Dl HjO Extracts
008-0 17
919-189
34 2-70 2
247 371
598842
201 288
003-0 18
NO
997 10 10
10 18 1044
EP IOX Extracts
0 12020
NA
43 5-82 2
197-629
NA
NA
003-0 16
NO 006
882-1020
496 5 IB
K.LP 1 Extracts
0 12-0 14
NA
839 109
360-703
NA
NA
0 03 0 07
001 O 04
4 85 4 95
5 69-6 34
rCLP2txlracts
0 16-0 20
NA
564 141
438872
NA
NA
001 0 12
0 48 1 66
3 16 3 55
4 10-441
SAR Extracts
3 56 4 1
994-197
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NO 001
9199 72
988 10 31
teachate
4 38 28 4
288307
NA
4.I40S.080
8,030 IJ.OOO
709 /44
NO 004
0 1/024
NA
NA
SlditddnJVCiiteria (in mg/l )
FP loxuily
Maximum
Allowabk-
Limit
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SdleOnnkiruj
Wjlei Aitl'l
MCLs
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
10
SNA
SNA
SNA
SateOnnkiny
Water Actd'l
SMCls
SNA
SNA
250
250
!>UO
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
LSI
 I

en
               NA   Not analyzed due to differences in scope of work
               NO   Not Delected
               SNA  Standard Not Available
               (a)   Primary Drink ing Water Standards
               (b)   Secondary Drinking Watei Standards

-------

-------
                          6.0  FACILITY ZE FINDINGS
6.1     FACILITY ZE DESCRIPTION

Facility ZE consists of two mass-burn, water-wall boilers.  Refuse is charged into the
boilers by overhead cranes, moves inside the boilers on grates, and is discharged into
ash quench reactors on the bottom of the boilers. Dry lime is added to the flue gas
where it is mixed with the fly ash.  This mixture is then collected in  electrostatic
precipitators and mixed in with the bottom ash for disposal. The steam generated at
the facility is used  to generate electricity,  which is sold to a local  utility.  The
following details outline the operational information for this facility.
Startup Date:
Refuse Feed Rate:
Operating Temperature:
Residence Time:
Backup Fuel:

Air Feed Information:


Refuse Feed Method:
Trash Accepted:
September 1987.
750 tons/day/boiler.
1,800°F.
Approximately  1  hour  in the  boiler,  where the
grates can be slowed to  allow wet loads more time
to dry out.
Natural gas-is used during start ups and shut downs
and if the boiler drops below 1,800° F.
Both  primary and secondary air comes from the
tipping floor. Air is not normally preheated, but the
facility has the capability to preheat air.
Refuse is dumped onto the tipping floor, where
new refuse is mixed with the old refuse with an
overhead crane.  Two cranes work during the hours
in which trucks are unloading. The pit at ZE is the
largest pit of any of the facilities studied; thus it is
easier for the crane operator(s) to keep areas open
for trucks to discharge.  The overhead  cranes load
the refuse into the feed hoppers on the boilers.
Any residential (65% of total) and commercial/light
industrial  (35%  of  tptal)  waste  generated  in
surrounding  communities.   Table 6-1  lists the
material  accepted at this facility.
R339911
        6-1

-------
Source of Ash Quench Water:   Ash quench water consists of any water used in the
                             process (spray drier) and water used in other parts
                             of the plant.
Electricity Generated:          45 Megawatts/hour.
Electricity Used by Facility:      7 Megawatts/hour.

Ash-Handling Equipment

The  bottom ash  is discharged  from the ash quench reactors onto  a  vibrating
conveyor.  This conveyor dumps the ash onto an inclined conveyor.  The inclined
conveyor discharges onto a grizzly, where large items (material  greater than
10 inches)  are separated out.  The  smaller material (material less than 10 inches)
passes through the grizzly and is discharged into ash bins for transportation to the
ash disposal facility.

Fly ash from the generator and the economizer areas is discharged  into the  ash
quench reactors, where it is mixed with the bottom ash. Fly ash from the spray drier
(where a lime slurry is injected into the flue gas) and the electrostatic precipitators is
transported to a drum, where water is added to the fly ash/lime mixture. This
mixture is then discharged onto the inclined conveyor and mixed with the bottom
ash.

The ash samples at Facility ZE were collected from the end of the inclined belt just
before the ash passed through the grizzly into the ash bins.

6.2    CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH

No Appendix IX semivolatiles were detected in sample ZE-AH-003, the only  sample
from this facility analyzed for the Appendix IX semivolatiles. This sample did contain
98 ng/g (ppb) of dichlorobiphenyl (PCB). This was the only PCB cogener detected in
this sample.

Table 6-2  presents  the results  of the  polychlorinated  dibenzo-p-dioxin and
polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/PCDF) analyses of sample ZE-AH-003. Toxicity
equivalency values were calculated using EPA's methodology (EPA, March 1987) and
are presented in this table.  The data in this table indicate that the PCDDs/PCDFs
levels found in the ash are substantially below the Centers for Disease Control (CDC)

R339911                               6-2

-------
recommended upper level of 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity equivalency of 1 part per billion
in residential soil (Kimbrough, 1984).

The results of the  metals analyses for the ash from this facility are presented  in
Table 6-3. The data in this table indicate that, except for chromium, mercury, and
zinc, the results were fairly constant during the week of sampling.

The results for the conventional analyses are presented in Table 6-4.  The data in this
table  indicate that,  except  for TOC, total soluble  solids, ammonia, and total
alkalinity, the results were also fairly constant during the week.

6.3     CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LEACHATES

The facility used for the disposal of ash from MWC Facility ZE is lined and is used
exclusively for the disposal of ash from Facility ZE. The leachate samples from the
ash disposal facility for MWC Facility ZE were grab samples collected from the same
leachate collection sump.

The results for the semivolatile analysis of these samples are presented in Table 6-5.
As shown in this table only benzoic acid was detected in both samples; 73 ppb in one
sample and 52 ppb in the second.

No PCDDs/PCDFs or PCBs were detected in the leachate samples from this ash fill.

The results for the  metals analysis of the  leachate samples are shown  in Table 6-6.
The data  in this table indicate that  none of the compounds exceeded their EP
Toxicity Maximum  Allowable Limit.  Although the leachates are not required to
meet  Drinking Water Standards, a comparison  of the leachate results with the
Primary and  Secondary  Drinking  Water Standards  established under the Safe
Drinking Water Act (EPA: BNA, June 1989 and EPA: BNA, October 1988) was made.
This comparison indicates that the results of all but barium, iron and manganese met
these standards in the leachates.

Table 6-7 presents the results of the conventional analyses of the leachate samples.
TDS values ranged  from 25,900 mg/L  to 26,300 mg/L, and the pH of the  leachate
was 5.2.
R339911                               6-3

-------
6.4    CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH EXTRACTS

No PCDDs/PCDFs or PCBs were detected in the composite sample from the deionized
water extracts of the ash from MWC Facility ZE.

Table 6-8  presents the results of the  Appendix IX  semivolatile  analysis  of  the
composite  sample from  the  deionized water extracts of  the  ash from MWC
Facility ZE.  Benzoic acid (66 ppb) was the only Appendix IX semivolatile compound
detected in this composite sample. This table also indicates that benzoic acid (52 and
73 ppb) was the only Appendix IX semivolatile compound found in the leachate
samples from the ash fill serving this facility.

Table 6-9 presents the range of results of the metals analyses of the ash extracts from
MWC Facility ZE and the range of results for the leachate samples from the ash fill
serving this facility. For comparison, this table  also lists the  EP Toxicity Maximum
Allowable  Limits,  and the Primary and Secondary Drinking  Water  Standards
established under the Safe Drinking Water Act (EPA: BNA, June 1989 and EPA: SNA,
October 1988).

The results presented in Table 6-9 indicate that the extracts from the EP Toxicity and
the TCLP 2 extraction techniques generally contain higher concentrations of metals
than the extracts produced by the other extraction techniques.

For this facility, the  extracts  from the EP Toxicity and the TCLP 2  extraction
techniques exceeded  the EP  Toxicity  Maximum  Allowable  Limits established in
Section 261.24 of 40 CFR 261 for lead.

Although the ash extracts would not be required to meet Drinking Water Standards,
a comparison of the ash extract results with the  Drinking Water Standards  was
made. This comparison indicates that the majority of the metals  results met these
standards.

Table 6-10  presents the range  of results of the conventional analyses of the ash
extracts from MWC Facility ZE and the leachate samples from the ash fill serving this
facility.  For comparison, this table also lists the Primary Drinking Water Standards
for nitrate, as well as the Secondary Drinking Water Standards for chloride, sulfate,
and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS).

R339911                                6-4

-------
                                  TABLE 6-1
                             ACCEPTABLE WASTE
                                 FACILITY ZE
   Acceptable waste means household garbage, trash, rubbish and refuse.

   Acceptable waste excludes:  pathological and biological waste;  oil sludge;
   large concentrations of plastics; cesspool or  other human waste; human and
   animal remains;  large  automobile and  vehicular parts;  tires; trailers;
   agricultural equipment; marine vessels or similar items; farm and other large
   machinery; wire  and cable; tree logs and wood greater than  six (6) feet in
   length   and   six (6) inches  in  diameter;   tree   stumps  greater  than
   twelve (12) inches in diameter;  liquid  wastes;  non-burnable  construction
   material and/or demolition debris; wallboard; asbestos and asbestos products;
   explosives (including ammunition and firearms); chemicals  (including any
   empty containers thereof); radioactive materials and  hazardous  refuse of any
   kind  (including  any empty containers thereof) such  as cleaning  fluids;
   flammables; petroleum products (including drained oil);  cutting oils; paints;
   acids;  caustics; pesticides; insecticides; poisons, drugs; or any  other materials
   that would be likely to cause the Facility to violate an air or water quality
   effluent standard  or to pose a threat to health or safety  or which may cause
   damage to or adversely affect the operation of the Facility.
R339911                                6-5

-------
                                       TABLE 6-2

                        ASH DIOXIN RESULTS - SAMPLE ZE-AH-003
                                      FACILITYZE
PCDD/PCDF Homolog
2,3,7,8-TCDD
Other TCDD
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD
Other PeCDD
1,2,3,4,7,8-HXCDD
1,2,3,6,7,8-HXCDO
1,2,3,7,8,9-HXCDD
Other HXCDD
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD
Other HPCDD
OCDD
2,3,7,8-TCDF
Other TCDF
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF
2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF
Other PeCDF
1,2,3,4,7,8-HXCDF
1,2,3,6,7,8-HXCDF
1,2,3,7,8,9-HXCDF
2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF
Other HXCDF
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF
1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF
Other HpCDF
OCDF
Total Toxicity Equivalent
Ash Sample Result
pg/g
(Ppt)
10
120
35
248
11
11
22
104
122
0
294
176
1,136
52
43
448
95
134
45
20
280
155
16
44
59

Toxicity
Equivalency
Factor*1)
1.0
0.01
0.5
0.005
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.0004
0.001
0.00001
0
0.1
0.001
0.1
0.1
0.001
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.0001
0.001
0.001
0.00001
0

Toxicity
Equivalent
(Ppt)
10
1 2
175
1 24
044
0 44
088
0042
0 122
0
0
176
1 M
5 2
4 3
0448
095
1 34
045
0.20
0 028
0.155
0016
0.00044
0
63.7ppt
        Toxicity  equivalency  factors  are  EPA's  current  recommended  factors,  (EPA,
        March 1987).
R339911
                                          6-6

-------
 METALS
                                     TABLE 6-3

                               ASH METALS ANALYSES
                                     FACILITY ZE
Parameter
Samples
ZE-AH-001
ZE-AH-002
ZE-AH-003
ZE-AH-004
ZE-AH-005
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Selenium
Silver
Sodium
Zinc
16
407
34
665
990
34,600
1,550
593
7.6
ND
4.4
6,750
8,280
17
491
35
71
1,300
43,000
1,380
640
4.7
ND
5.6
6,410
3,530
19
505
38
87
1,820
45,100
1,170
531
13
ND
5.4
7,500
3,600
15
391
37
67
1,500
40,200
1,170
598
4.8
4.7
13
5,880
3,400
20
792
18
70
930
33,900
1,600
581
3.2
ND
11
7,700
2,120
 METAL OXIDES
Aluminum Oxide
Calcium Oxide
Magnesium Oxide
Potassium
Monoxide
Silicon Dioxide
11
15
2.0
1.2
31
9.7
14
1.6
1.2
31
10
13
1.9
1.4
35
10
14
1.8
0.95
30
10
13
1.6
1.0
32
 ND   Not Detected.
R339911
                   6-7

-------
                                     TABLE 6-4

                            ASH CONVENTIONAL ANALYSES
                                    FACILITY ZE
Parameter
pH
Moisture Content*
TOC
Total Soluble Solids
Ammonia
Nitrate
Orthophosphate
Total Alkalinity
Chloride
Sulfate
Units
S.U.
%
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
Samples
ZE-AH-001
11.61
2.5
34,000
22,900
5.05
2.90
NO
3,490
9,220
2,190
ZE-AH-002
11.69
1.9
8,920
25,900
3.64
3.19
ND
4,710
10,900
1,500
ZE-AH-003
11.71
1.4
4,060
35,500
8.69
4.51
ND
2,990
14,100
2,790
ZE-AH-004
11.40
1.3
7,290
26,100
7.32
4.10
ND
7,310
10,400
2,530
ZE-AH-005
11.82
0.6
43,300
11,200
2.77
4.23
ND
7,590
7,550
2,270
ND   Not detected.
*    Determined after samples were prepared.
R339911
6-8

-------
                                      TABLE 6-5

                          LEACHATE SEMIVOLATILE ANALYSES
                                     FACILITY ZE
Parameter
Benzoicaod
Sam pies (yg/L)
ZE-LE-001
73
ZE-LE-002
52
R339911
6-9

-------
                                      TABLE 6-6

                             LEACHATE METALS ANALYSES
                                      FACILITY ZE
Parameter
Aluminum
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Calcium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Potassium
Selenium
Silicon
Silver
Sodium
Zinc
Samples (ug/L)
ZE-LE-001
ND
ND
3,080
ND
5,670,000
ND
ND
10,500
ND
14,800
17,100
ND
1,430,000
ND
498
ND
2,430,000
27
ZE-LE-002
ND
ND
2,970
ND
5,570,000
ND
ND
7,480
ND
15,000
18,500
ND
1,450,000
ND
470
ND
2,470,000
70
Standards/Criteria (ug/L)
EPToxicity
Maximum
Allowable Limit
SNA
5,000
100,000
1,000
SNA
5,000
SNA
SNA
5,000
SNA
SNA
200
SNA
1,000
SNA
5,000
SNA
SNA
Safe Drinking
Water Act
MCLs
SNA
50
1,000
10
SNA
50
SNA
SNA
50
SNA
SNA
2.0
SNA
10
SNA
50
SNA
SNA
Safe Drinking
Water Act)
SMCLs
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
1,000
300
SNA
SNA
50
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
5,000
ND    Not detected.
SNA   Standard Not Available.
(a)    Primary Drinking Water Standards.
(b)    Secondary Drinking Water Standards.
3339911
6-10

-------
                                       TABLE 6-7

                          LEACHATE CONVENTIONAL ANALYSES
                                      FACILITY ZE
Parameter
Ammonia-Distilled (as N)
Organic Carbon
Temperature (field)
Sulfate (SO4)
pH (field)
Solids, Dissolved @ 180°C
Specific Conductance @ 25"C
(field)
Total Alkalinity
Nitrate (as N)
Orthophosphate
Samples
ZE-LE-001
9.78 mg/L
28.9 mg/L
23°C
31 2 mg/L
5.2
26,300 mg/L
> 10,000
umhos/cm
95.2 mg/L
0.01 mg/L
<0.01 mg/L
ZE-LE-002
11. 4 mg/L
25.5 mg/L
NA
309 mg/L
NA
25,900 mg/L
NA
117 mg/L
0.01 mg/L
<0.01 mg/L
Standards/Criteria
Primary and Secondary
Drinking Water Quality
Standards
SNA
SNA
SNA
250 mg/L(b)
SNA
500 mg/Ub)
SNA
SNA
10mg/L(»>
SNA
 NA    Not analyzed a second time. Temperature, specific conductance and pH were only measured
       once in the field.
 SNA   Standard Not Available.
 (a)    Primary Drinking Water Standards.
 (b)    Secondary Drinking Water Standards.
R339911
6-11

-------
                                     TABLE 6-8

                  COMPARISON OF ASH EXTRACT SEMIVOLATILE RESULTS
                         TO LEACH ATE SEMIVOLATILE RESULTS
                            RANGES OF CONCENTRATIONS
                                    FACILITY ZE
Parameter
Benzoic Acid
Samples (ug/L)
Deionized Water Extract
66T
Leachates
52-73
        T   The mass spectrum does  not meet EPA CLP criteria for confirmation, but
           compound presence is strongly suspected.
R339911
6-12

-------
                                                                                     TABLE 6-9
                                                    COMPARISON OF ASH EXTRACTS METALS ANAL VSES WITH LEACHATE METALS ANAL V SES
                                                                            RANGES Of CONCENTRATIONS
                                                                                    FACILITY ZE
Parameter
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead




Sodium
Zinc
Aluminum Oxide
Calcium Oxide

Potassium Monoxide
Silicon Dioxide
Samples (in M«yO
CO; Extracts
ND
205 530
17 117
NO
76 274
NO 142
22-85
618-1.560
ND-63
ND
NO
64.40085,600
2.450-9.8SO
NO-52
914,000
1,200,000
36,900-47.800
38,000-57,700
19,800-32,400
01 H2O Extracts
ND
3554%
NO
NO
123-325
ND
ND
ND
ND-096
NO
ND
58.50082,700
20-91
4,570-47.400
343,000-
538,000
100-188
35,800-61,200
1,1703,990
if TOX Extracts
ND
173228
352-724
19-86
484-5.170
36,600-82.000
7.580-15,400
2,740-4.910
NO-0 65
ND
NO
66.200-83,600
48.000-82,400
46.800-150.000
1,920.000-
2,100.000
74.900-t03.000
37,300-69,800
46,800-65,700
TCLP 1 Extracts
ND
161 458
29 349
ND
5 119
ND
ND 169
364-4,060
ND
ND
ND
1, 400.000-
1.590.000
222-16.300
ND-159
1.340,000-
1,730.000
37,600-61,000
34,500-59,400
5,050-12,300
TCLP 2 Extracts
ND
222408
301 685
141 289
12 1.030
81.500 162.000
4,1108.840
3,070 3,970
0 27 2 1
ND
ND
66.800-86.200
36,900-82,700
104,000-
152.000
1.990,000-
2,200.000
89.000-116,000
35.500-64.400
120,000-
136.000
SAR Extracts
ND
302408
ND
NO
88-391
ND
ND-115
NO
022 1 0
NO
ND
53.20068.000
41-192
1.96050,500
352.000-
475.000
59M70
34.400-46.400
911-3.770

LeachaleW
ND
2.970-3.080
NO
ND
ND
7,480-10,500
ND
17.100 18,500
ND
NO
NO
2.430,000-
2,470,000
27-70
NO
5.570.000-
5,670,000
14,800 15,000
1,430,000
1.450,000
470-498
Standards/Criteria (in p
-------
                                                                               TABLE 6-10
                                        COMPARISON OF ASH EXTRACTS CONVENTIONAL ANAL VSES WITH LEACHATE CONVENTIONAL ANALYSES
                                                                       RANGES OF CONCENTRATIONS
                                                                               FACILITY ZE
Parameter
Ammonia Distilled
(asN)
Total Organic Carbon
Chloride
Sulfdle
Solids. Dissolved
IS I80"C
I otal Alkalinity
Nitrate (as N)
Orthophosphale
Extract's Initial pH
Extract's Final pH
Samples (in mg/L)
CO., Extracts
0 24-0 38
NA
341-709
635-919
NA
NA
0 39-1 23
NO
4 72-5 IB
677-7 17
DIHjO Extracts
0 20-0 46
163-233
317702
140-190
1.120 1.690
162234
008-017
NO
11 27-11 52
1099 11 SO
EPTOX Extracts
0 36-0 61
NA
328583
719926
NA
NA
0 17-0 22
0 12-1 04
11 04-11 32
4 95 5 09
TCLP 1 Extracts
021 046
NA
342-818
891-1,230
NA
NA
0 11-021
ND 0 02
501 508
7 10-8 18
TCLP 2 Extracts
0 2b-0 SO
NA
334-693
883-1.090
NA
NA
013018
0/51 99
3 42 3 60
451 463
SAR Extracts
3 724 1 1
149249
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NO
II 37 11 75
10 87 11 38
Leachate
978 11 4
25 5-28 9
NA
309 312
25,900-26,300
95 2-1 1/
001
NO
NA
NA
Slaridards/Critvf iu(m mg/L)
EPToxicity
Maximum
Allowable
Limit
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
Safe Drinking
Wdloi Acl>>
SMCLi
SNA
SNA
250
250
500
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
NA   Not analyzed due to differences in scope of work
NO   Not Detected
SNA  Standard Nul Available
(a)   Primary Drinking Water Standards
(b)   Secondai y Drinking Water Standards

-------

-------
                        7.0 SUMMARY OF RESULTS
This section presents a summary of the data presented in Sections 2.0 through 6.0. It
also compares the data generated during this present study with data reported in a
previous EPA sponsored study (EPA, October 1987).

7.1     CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH

Table 7-1 presents the results of the Appendix IX semivolatile analyses for the ash
samples from each facility.  The data in this table  indicate  that phthalates were
found in the ash samples from each MWC facility, except for Facility ZE, and that two
PAHs were detected in the ash from Facility ZD.

Table 7-2 compares the range of concentrations of semivolatile compounds found in
the combined fly/bottom ash from this study with the range of concentrations found
in fly ash, and bottom ash reported in the  literature, as summarized in a previous
report (EPA, October  1987).  The data in this table indicate that fewer compounds
were found in the ash during this present study as compared to the data provided in
the literature. The concentrations of the compounds which were found in this study
are generally similar to those reported in the literature.

Table 7-3 presents the results of the PCDD/PCDF analyses of  the ash samples from
each facility. This table also presents the Toxicity Equivalency Factor (TEF) for each
PCDD/PCDF homolog,  the Toxicity Equivalency (TE) for each homolog calculated
according to EPA's Methodology (EPA, March 1987), and a Total TE for each sample.
Although PCDDs/PCDFs were detected in each  ash sample, the levels found were
below  the Centers for  Disease  Control  (CDC) recommended  upper  level  of
2,3,7,8-TCDD  Toxicity Equivalency  of  1  part  per billion   in  residential  soils
(Kimbrough, 1984).

Table 7-4 compares the ranges of concentrations of  PCDDs/PCDFs found in ash
samples during this  study  with the  ranges  of  concentrations of PCDDs/PCDFs
reported in the literature and summarized in a previous report (EPA, October 1987).
The data in this table indicate that the levels of PCDDs/PCDFs found in the ash during
R339911                              7-1

-------
this present study are generally lower than the range of PCDDs/PCDFs found in other
ash samples, as reported in the literature.
                                     i
Table 7-4 also presents the range of concentrations of PCBs in fly ash, bottom ash,
and combined ash.  The data in  this table indicate that only Dichloro Biphenyl was
found in the ash during this present study.

Table 7-5 presents the range of results of the metals analyses for the ash from each
facility.  Metals showing the widest range of concentration among samples collected
at each facility included barium (ZB); cadmium (ZB); chromium (ZD, ZE); copper (ZA,
ZB, ZC); lead (ZD); manganese (ZA, ZC); mercury (ZE); zinc (ZB, ZD, ZE) and silicon
dioxide (ZA).

Metals showing the  widest  variation  of concentrations  between  the  facilities
included barium (results  for Facility ZC are lower than  the results for the other
facilities); iron (results for each facility vary from all of the other facilities); lead
(results for Facility ZD are higher than the results for the other facilities); mercury
(results for Facilities ZC and ZD are lower than the results for the other facilities);
sodium  (results for Facilities ZD and ZE are  lower than  the results for the other
facilities); calcium  oxide  (the results for Facilities ZA and ZB are higher than the
results for the other facilities);  and silicon dioxide  (the results for Facility ZC are
higher than  the results for the other facilities).

Table 7-6 compares the ranges of concentrations of metals found in the ash during
this study with the ranges of concentrations of metals found in fly ash, bottom ash,
and combined ash as reported in the literature and summarized in a previous report
(EPA, October 1987). The data in this table indicate that the results obtained during
this study are generally similar to the previous results.

Several  compounds  (aluminum,  cadmium,  calcium,  mercury,  and potassium)
exhibited higher  levels  during this study  than those reported previously  for
combined ash.  The levels of copper found during this study are higher  than the
results reported previously for  combined  ash, but are still  lower than the results
reported previously for bottom ash.  The magnesium results reported in this study
are higher than the results reported previously for all three types of ash.  However,
the results for  magnesium are  close to those previously reported.   The levels  of
R339911                                7-2

-------
silicon found in the ash during this study are much higher than the levels found in
previous studies.

Table 7-7 presents the range of results of the conventional analyses for the ash from
each facility. Compounds showing the widest range of values between samples at
each facility included TOC (ZA, ZB, ZD, ZE); ammonia (ZA, ZB, ZE); nitrate (ZC, ZD);
total alkalinity  (ZB, ZC, ZE); chloride (ZB, ZD); sulfate (ZB, ZD); and total soluble
solids (ZE).

Compounds showing the widest variation between facilities included TOC (results
for Facilities ZD andZE are higher than the results for the other facilities); total
soluble salts (results for Facilities ZA and ZB are higher than the results for the other
facilities); ammonia (results for Facilities ZC and ZD are lower than the results for the
other facilities); total alkalinity (results for Facility ZA are higher than the results for
the other facilities);  chloride (results for Facilities ZA andZB are higher  than  the
results for the other facilities); and sulfate (results for Facility ZC are higher than the
results for the other facilities).

7.2    CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LEACHATES

Table 7-8 presents the range of results of the Appendix IX semivolatile analyses for
the leachate samples from each facility. The data in this table indicate that phenols
were detected  in the leachate from the ashfill serving MWC Facility ZA  and that
benzoic acid was detected in the leachate from the ashfill serving MWC Facility ZE.

Table 7-9 compares the ranges of concentrations of the semivolatile compounds
found in the leachates in this study with the ranges of concentrations of organic
compounds reported in the literature and summarized in a previous report (EPA,
October 1987).  The data in this table indicate that very few semivolatile compounds
were found in the leachates during this study. The levels of phenol detected in the
leachates during this study  are much lower than the levels of phenol found  in the
leachates from the MSW landfills or co-disposal sites.

Table 7-10  presents the  range of concentrations of  PCDDs/PCDFs  found in  the
leachate samples from each facility. PCDDs/PCDFs were only found at extremely low
levels in the leachates from the ashfill for Facility ZA.
R339911                                7-3

-------
Table 7-11 compares the ranges of concentrations of PCDDs/PCDFs found in the
leachates during this study with the ranges of concentrations of PCDDs/PCDFs found
in leachates during a previous study (EPA, October 1987).  The data in this table
indicate that the leachates did not contain significant quantities of PCDDs/PCDFs.
The data in this table also indicate that the homologs most often found in leachates
from ash monofills are the more highly chlorinated  homologs (HpCDD, HpCDF,
OCDD, OCDF) which  are also the  homologs with the relatively  lower  Toxicity
Equivalency Factors (TEFs).

Table 7-12 presents the results of the metals analyses of the leachate from each
facility.  For comparison, this table also presents the EP Toxicity Maximum Allowable
Limit, and the Primary and Secondary Drinking Water standards established under
the Safe Drinking Water Act (EPA:  BNA, June 1989 and EPA:  BNA, October 1988).
The data in this table indicate that all of the metals were below their EP Toxicity
Maximum Allowable Limit. The data in this table also indicate that, although the
leachates are not used for drinking purposes, the majority of the metals results met
the Primary or Secondary Drinking Water Standards.

Table 7-13 compares the ranges of concentrations  of metals in the  leachates from
this study  with the ranges of concentrations of metals in leachates found in the
literature and summarized in a previous NUS report (EPA, October 1987). The data in
this table indicate that the EP Toxicity Maximum Allowable Limits were not
exceeded by the leachates from ash monofills in either this study or in the previous
NUS report.  The data in this table also indicate that a number of compounds are
reported as having higher concentrations in the leachates from this study than the
leachates from the previous study.

Table 7-14 presents the range of results of the conventional analyses for the leachate
from each facility.  Sulfate values ranged from 14.4 mg/L  to 5,080 mg/L, and TDS
values ranged from 924 mg/L to 41,000 mg/L.

7.3    CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASH EXTRACTS

The only Appendix IX semivolatile  compound  detected  in  the deionized water
extracts (SW-924) was benzoic acid, which ranged from below the detection limits to
130yg/L.   Table 7-15 compares the ranges of  concentrations  of semivolatile
compounds found in  the deionized water ash extracts (SW-924) during this study

R339911                              7-4

-------
with the ranges of concentrations of organics found in ash extracts from a previous
report (EPA, October 1987). All studies show that MWC ash extracts are generally
free of semivolatile compounds.

Table 7-16 compares the ranges of concentrations of the metals analyses of the ash
extracts found during this study with the ranges of concentrations of metals analyses
of extracts as reported  in the  literature and summarized in a previous NUS  report
(EPA, October 1987).  The data  in this table indicate that the extracts from the
EPToxicity, the TCLP 1,  and the TCLP2 extraction procedures contained generally
higher levels of metals than the extracts from the other extraction procedures.

The data in this table  also indicate that the extracts from the deionized  water
extraction procedure (SW-924), both from this study and from the literature, and the
extracts from the CO2  and the  SAR extraction  procedures meet the EP Toxicity
Allowable Limits.  The extracts from the EP Toxicity, TCLP1, and the TCLP 2
extraction procedures occasionally exceeded  the EP Toxicity Maximum Allowable
Limits for some metals.

For the facilities sampled during this study, the data indicate that the extracts from
the deionized water (SW-924),  the C02,  and the  SAR  extraction procedures
simulated the concentrations  for lead  and cadmium in the field leachates  better
than the extracts from the other three extraction procedures.
R339911                               7-5

-------
                                       TABLE 7-1

                       COMPARISON OF ASH SEMIVOLATILE RESULTS
Parameter
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Fluoranthene
Phenanthrene
Samples (vg/kg)
ZA-AH-003
250,000
2,OOOT
430JB
ND
ND
ZB-AH-001
810JB
ND
ND
ND
ND
ZC-AH-003
310JB
ND
400JB
ND
ND
ZD-AH-003
390JB
ND
270JB,
170J
310J
ZE-AH-003
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND   Not detected.
J      Indicates approximate value because contaminants were detected at levels below Method
      Detection Limits, but above the instrument detection limits.
B     Laboratory identified compound as not being detected substantially above the level reported
      in laboratory blanks. Laboratory may be the source of the compound.
81    Compound was identified during data validation as not being detected substantially above
      the level reported in the  laboratory blanks.   Laboratory  may  be the source of  the
      contamination.
T     The mass spectrum does not meet EPA CLP criteria for confirmation, but compound presence is
      strongly suspected.
R339911
7-6

-------
                                       TABLE 7-2

          RANGES OF CONCENTRATIONS OF SEMIVOLAT1LES IN FLY ASH, BOTTOM ASH,
                AND COMBINED ASH FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE INCINERATORS
Constituent
Naphthalene
Biphenyl
Acenaphthylene
Anthracene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Oi-n-butyl phthalate
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Chrysene
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Benzanthrene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
8enzo(g,h,i)perylene
Diethyl phthalate
Acenaphthene
Normal alkanes
Chlorobenzenes
Chlorophenols
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Country
Range,
Fly Ash
(ppb)
270-9,300
2-1,300
ND-3,500
1-500
0-100
21-7,600
NO
0-6,500
0-5,400
ND
0-690
85
0-300
N 0-470
ND-400
0-190
6,300
NR
50,000
80-4,220
50.1-9,630
NR
USA, Canada, Japan
and The Netherlands
Range,
Bottom Ash
(ppb)
570-580
NR
37-390
53
ND-150
500-540
360
110-230
150-220
180
ND-37
2,100
NR
ND-51
ND-5
ND
NR
28
NR
17
0
NR
USA and Canada
Range,
Combined Ash
(ppb)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
N.D-310J
ND-430JB
ND-170J
ND
ND
ND
NO-250,000
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND-2.000T
USA
 ND   Not detected.
 N R   N ot reported i n the I i teratu re.
 J     Indicates approximate value because contaminants were detected at levels below Method
      Detection Limits, but above the instrument detection limits.
 B    Laboratory identified compound as not being detected substantially above the level reported
      in laboratory blanks. Laboratory may be the source of the compound.
 T    The mass spectrum does not meet EPA CLP criteria for confirmation, but compound presence
      is strongly suspected.
 Source:    Fly ash and bottom ash ranges are from "Characterization of MWC Ashes and Leachates
           from  MSW  Landfills,  Monofills,  and   Co-Disposal  Sites,"   EPA   530-SW-87-028A,
           October 1987. Combined Ash ranges are^ from this study.
R339911
7-7

-------
                                                                                           TABLE 7-3
                                                                                      ASH DIOXIN RESULTS
Compound
2,3.7,8-TCDD
Other KDO
2.3.7.8TCDF
Other TCDF
1,2 3.7,8 PeCDD
Other PeCDO
1 2 3,7.8 PeCDF
2 3 4 7,8 PeCDF
Olhef HeCDF
123478 HxCDD
1236 78 HxCDD
12378 9-H«CDD
Other HxCOO
1,2. 3.4, /.8 HxCDF
1.2,3,6.7.8 HxCDF
1.2,3.7,8.9 HxCDF
2,3,4.6,7,8 HxCDF
Other HxCOF
1 2 34.6 /.B. HpCDD
Other HpCDO
1 2,3.4,6.7.8 HpCDF
\ 1 3 4 / 8,9 HpCDF
Oilier HpCDf
OCDD
OCDF
Total TF.S

Toxicity
Equivalency
Factor (1EF)0
1
001
0 1
0001
05
0005
0 1
0 1
0001
004
004
004
00004
001
001
001
001
00001
0001
0 00001
0001
0001
000001
0
0
Samples (p9/g or ppt)
ZA-AH-003
Value
10
206
263
1,688
33
317
61
46
484
12
17
28
154
74
1 '31 1
1 36 1
1 5 1
[ 281 1
159
139
8
51
313
66
Toxicily
Equivalents
10
206
263
169
165
1 59
6 1
46
0484
048
068
1 12
0062
074
1 31
o~36
005
00281
0 159
0 139
0008
000051
0
0
745
ZB-AH 001
Value
24
351
617
3,721
118
759
194
162
1.527
40
34
79
342
336
524
127
54
939
319
-)aa
539
48
197
544
243
Toxicity
Equivalents
24
3 51
61 7
372
59
380
194
162
1 53
1 6
1 36
3 16
0 137
Ttt
524
0 54
00939
0319
0 00288
0539
0048
000197
0
0
211
ZC AH-003
Value
16
281
236
1,208
71
1.051
64
56
607
66
90
120
925
275
279
193
70
635
1.849
1 511
653
83
254
6.906
563
Tuxicity
Equivalents
16
281
236
TTi
35 5
526

56
0607
264
36
48
0 37
m
2~79
T<»3
0 0635
Tss
00151
0653
0083
0 00254
0
0
119

?O-AH 003
Value
35
541
626
2,633
ND
1.910
151
171
1.736
86
148
194
853
6V1
1,384
1,842
119
384
4,519
893
Toxicily
Equivalents
35
541
626
263
0
955

17 1
1 74

5 92
7 76
00138
1 84
0 119
0 003B4
0
0
189

ZE AH 003
Value


176


248






0
155
16
44
294
59
loxicity
Equivalents












0
0 155
OOtb
0 00044
0
0
bl 7
oo
             (1) Toxicicty Equivalency Factors are EPA's current
             ND Not delected below 221 pg/g
                                                         recommended factors (EPA, March 1987)

-------
                                   TABLE 7-4
   RANGES OF CONCENTRATIONS OF PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs IN FLY ASH, BOTTOM ASH, AND
                COMBINED ASH FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE INCINERATORS
Constituent
MonoCDD
DiCDD
Tri CDD
Tetra CDD
Penta CDD
Hexa CDD
Hepta CDD
Octa CDD
2,3,7,8-TCDD
Total Poly CDD
Mono CDF
DiCDF
Tri CDF
Tetra CDF
Penta CDF
Hexa CDF
Hepta CDF
Octa CDF
2,3,7,8-TCDF
Total Poly CDF
Range,
Fly Ash
(ppb)
2.0
0.4-200
1.1-82
ND-250
ND-722
ND-5,565
ND-3,030
ND-3,152
0.1-42
5.23-10,883
41
ND-90
0.7-550
ND-410
ND- 1,800
Tr-2,353
Tr-666
ND-362
0.1-5.4
3.73-3,187
Range,
Combined Ash
(Literature)
(ppb)
NR
NR
NR
0.14-14
1.9-50
1.4-78
1.4-120
0.84-89
0.02-0.78
6.2-350
NR
NR
NR
2.3-91
1 .6-37
1.2-35
0.62-36
0.18-8.4
0.41-12
6.14-153.9
Range,
Bottom Ash
(ppb)
ND
ND
ND
<0.04-0.65
ND-3
ND-2.3
ND-6.3
ND-29
<0.04-0.7
ND-110
1.1
0.63
ND
0.15-1.4
0.07-6.2
ND-2.5
ND-6.9
ND-3.7
ND-10
ND-65
Range,
Combined Ash
(CORRE)
(ppb)
NA
NA
NA
0 130-0.576
0283-1.91
0.148-1.28
0.122-3.36
0 294-6.91
0.010-0.035
RNR
NA
NA
NA
1 31-4.34
0.543-2.06
0.527-3.6
0.198-2.345
0.059-0.893
0 176-0.626
RNR
R339911
7-9

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TABLE 7-4
RANGES OF CONCENTRATIONS OF PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs
FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE INCINERATORS (ppb)
PAGE TWO
Constituent
MonoCB
DiCB
TriCB
Tetra CB
Penta CB
Hexa CB
Hepta CB
Octa CB
Nona CB
Deca CB
Total PCB
Country
Range,
Fly Ash
(ppb)
0.29-9.5
0.13-9.9
ND-25
0.5-42
0.87-225
0.45-65
ND-0.1
ND-1.2
ND
ND
ND-250
USA, Canada,
W. Germany,
The Netherlands,
Japan
Range,
Combined Ash
(Literature)
(ppb)
ND
0.126-1.35
0.35-14.3
16.5-16.5
ND
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
ND-32.15
USA
Range,
Bottom Ash
(ppb)
ND-1.3
ND-5.5
ND-80
ND-47
ND-48
ND-39
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND-180
USA, Canada,
Japan
Range,
Combined Ash
(CORRE)
(ppb)
ND
98-107
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
USA
NA       Not analyzed.
ND       Not detected.
NR       Not reported in the literature.
RNR      Results not reported in this manner.  2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity equivalents were calculated
          and are reported in Table 7-3.
Tr     =    0.01
-------
                                  TABLE 7-5

                             ASH METALS ANALYSES
                          RANGES OF CONCENTRATIONS
Parameter
Samples
ZA-AH-001 -
ZA-AH-005
ZB-AH-001 -
ZB-AH-005
ZC-AH-001 -
ZC-AH-005
ZD-AH-001 -
ZD-AH-005
ZE-AH-001-
ZE-AH-005
METALS
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
(mg/kg)
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Selenium
Silver
Sodium
Zinc
37-51
436-554
32-56
55-93
946-7,360
44,100-
63,300
1,180-
1,820
587-1,360
10.4-25.1
ND
4.1-8.7
9,350-
11,000
4,310-
6,900
28-56
260-1,000
52-152
53-118
674-9,330
13,600-
22,200
1,070-
1,740
508-846
7.7-12
ND-5.7
5.4-10.0
8,200-
10,600
4,360-
1 5,800
28-36
193-331
42-52
45-57
524-4,470
20,000-
25,000
1,710-
2,630
518-1,200
1.1-3.2
ND
5.6-12
7,370-
8,940
4,110-
7,170
30-54
411-545
39-69
52-199
959-1,800
22,900-
37,100
2,860-
22,400
574-965
0.55-2.10
ND-3.9
6.3-11.0
5,890-
6,500
4,260-
8,000
15-20
391-792
18-38
67-665
930-1,820
33,900-
45,100
1,170-
1,600
531-640
3 2-13.0
ND-47
44-130
5,880-
7,770
2,120-
8,280
METAL OXIDES
Aluminum Oxide
Calcium Oxide
Magnesium Oxide
Potassium Monoxide
Silicon Dioxide
8.52-9.85
15.1-22.2
1.21-1.50
1.10-1.24
21.9-43.8
7.39-10.3
19.4-25.7
1.19-1.62
0.827-0.941
19.0-29.4
5.93-8.64
9.70-11.4
1.02-1.30
0.875-1.07
48.4-62.9
9.9-13.0
10.0-12.0
1.8-2.2
0.79-1.4
32.0-37.0
97-110
13 0-150
1 6-2.0
0.95-1 4
30-35
ND   Not Detected.
R339911
                 7-11

-------
                                  TABLE 7-6
              RANGES OF CONCENTRATIONS OF INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS
                    IN FLY ASH, COMBINED ASH, AND BOTTOM ASH
                      FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE INCINERATORS
Parameter
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Mercury
Selenium
Silver
Aluminum
Antimony
Beryllium
Bismuth
Boron
Bromine
Calcium
Cesium
Cobalt
Copper
Iron
Lithium
Magnesium
Manganese
Molybdenum
Nickel
Fly Ash
(ppm)
15-750
88-9,000
< 5-2,2 10
21-1,900
200-26,600
0.9-35
0.48-15.6
ND-700
5,300-176,000
139-760
ND-<4
36- < 100
35-5,654
21-250
13,960-270,000
2,100-12,000
2.3-1,670
187-2,380
900-87,000
7.9-34
2,150-21,000
171-8,500
9.2-700
9.9-1,966
Combined Bottom
and Fly Ash
(Literature)
(ppm)
2.9-50
79-2,700
0.18-100
12-1,500
31-36,600
0.05-17.5
0.10-50
0.05-93.4
5,000-60,000
<120-<260
0.1-2.4
NR
24-174
NR
4,100-85,000
NR
1.7-91
40-5,900
690-133,500
6.9-37
700-16,000
14-3,130
2.4-290
13-12,910
Bottom Ash
(ppm)
1.3-24.6
47-2,000
1.1-46
13-520
110-5,000
ND-1.9
ND-2.5
ND-38
5,400-53,400
NR
ND-<0.44
ND
85
NR
5,900-69,500
NR
3-62
80-10,700
1,000-133,500
7-19
880-10,100
50-3,100
29
9-226
Combined Bottom
and Fly Ash
(CORRE)
(ppm)
15-56
193-1,000
18-152
45-665
1,070-22,400
0 55-25.1
ND-5.7
4 1-13.0
593-1300)
NA
NA
NA
MA
NA
97-257(1)
NA
NA
524-9,330
13,600-63,300
NA
1 02-2.20)
508-1,360
NA
NA
R339911
7-12

-------
 TABLE 7-6
 RANGES OF CONCENTRATIONS OF INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS
 IN FLY ASH, COMBINED ASH, AND BOTTOM ASH
 FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE INCINERATORS
 PAGE TWO
Parameter
Phosphorus
Potassium
Silicon
Sodium
Strontium
Tin
Titanium
Vanadium
Yttrium
Zinc
Gold
Chloride
Country
Fly Ash
(ppm)
2,900-9,300
11,000-65,800
1,783-266,000
9,780-49,500
98-1,100
300-12,500
< 50-42,000
22-166
,2-380
2,800-152,000
0.16-100
1,160-11,200
USA, Canada
Combined Bottom
and Fly Ash
(Literature)
(ppm)
290-5,000
290-12,000
NR
1,100-33,300
12-640
13-380
1,000-28,000
13-150
0.55-8.3
92-46,000
NR
NR
USA
Bottom Ash
(ppm)
3,400-17,800
920-13,133
1,333-188,300
1,800-33,300
81-240
40-800
3,067-11,400
53
NR
200-12,400
NR
NR
USA, Canada
Combined Bottom
and Fly Ash
(CORRE)
(ppm)
NA
0.79-1.40)
19.0-62.9(1>
5,880-11,000
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2,120-15,800
NA
766-44,200
USA
 (1>    Results are for oxides and are expressed as percents.
 NA   Not analyzed, as it was not part of the scope of work for this project.
 ND   Not detected.
 NR   Not reported in the literature.
 Source:    The results in the first three columns are from "Characterization of
          Leachates from MWS Landfills, Monofills, and Co-Disposal Sites,"  EPA
          October 1987. The results in the last column are from this study.
                               MWC Ashes and
                               530-SW-87-028A,
R339911
7-13

-------
                                 TABLE 7-7

                        ASH CONVENTIONAL ANALYSES
                         RANGES OF CONCENTRATIONS
Parameter
Ammonia-Distilled
(asN)
Total Organic Carbon
Chloride
Sulfate
Solids, Dissolved
@180°C
Total Alkalinity
Nitrate (as N)
Orthophosphate
PH
Samples (mg/kg)
ZA-AH-001-
ZA-AH-005
2.89-11.5
1 1 ,400-
35,600
16,300-
23,700
3,770-
6,100
46,500-
52,400
7,540-
8,100
2.22-4.23
NO
11.68-11.85
ZB-AH-001-
ZB-AH-005
3.69-10.6
14,600-
29,600
18,600-
44,200
764-
3,130
36,700-
65,800
1,590-
6,650
1.45-2.87
ND
10.91-11.67
ZC-AH-001-
ZC-AH-005
1.33-2.10
9,020-
17,800
3,870-
5,860
5,900-
10,300
22,000-
26,100
1,210-
3,040
0.09-6.46
ND
11.58-11.82
ZD-AH-001-
ZD-AH-005
0.90-1.08
11,400-
53,200
766-
2,190
1,680-
5,580
6,440-
13,200
558-922
0.44-1.59
ND-0.05
10.36-10.69
ZE-AH-001-
ZE-AH-005
2.77-8.69
4,060-
43,300
7,550-
14,100
1,500-
2,790
11,200-
35,500
2,990-
7,590
2.9-4.51
ND
11.4-11.82
ND   Not Detected.
R339911
                                     7-14

-------
                                      TABLE 7-8

                            LEACHATE SEMI VOLATILE RESULTS
                             RANGES OF CONCENTRATIONS
Parameter
Benzole acid
Phenol
3-Methyl phenol
4-Methyl phenol
Samples (yg/L)
ZA-LE-001-
ZA-LE-007
ND
2J-32
ND-6J
ND-6J
ZB-LE-001
ND
ND
ND
ND
ZC-LE-001-
ZC-LE-002
ND
ND
ND
ND
ZD-LE-001-
ZD-LE-003
ND
ND
ND
ND
ZE-LE-001-
ZE-LE-002
52-73
ND
ND
ND
 ND   Not Detected.
 J     Indicates approximate value because contaminants were detected at levels below Method
      Detection Limits, but above the instrument detection limit.
R339911
7-15

-------
                                   TABLE 7-9
              CONCENTRATIONS OF ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS IN LEACHATE
       FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE LANDFILLS, ASH MONOFILLS, AND CO-DISPOSAL SITES
Constituent
Acetone
Benzene
Benzoic Acid
Bromomethane
1-Butanol
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Bis(2-ch!oroethoxy)methane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
Delta BHC
Dibromomethane
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
Cis-1,2-Dichloroethene
Trans- 1,2-Dichloroethene
Dichloromethane
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
Di ethyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Endrin
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl benzene
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Range
(Literature)
(vg/U
140-11,000
2-6,080
NR
10-170
50-360
2-398
2-237
5-860
2-25
2-1,300
10-170
0-5
5-25
2-37
10-450
2-6,300
0-11,000
4-190
4-2,760
2-3,300
2-100
2-330
4-55
4-150
0-1
5-50
5-4,900
6-150
NUS
Municipal
(M9/L)
4-4,600
NO
NR
NO
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND-16
ND
ND
ND
ND-230
ND
ND
ND-23
ND
ND
ND
ND
NUS
Codisposal
(ug/L)
ND- 1,500
ND
NR
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND-250
ND
ND-15
ND
Ash Monofill
(CORRE)
(ug/L)
NA
NA
ND-73
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
ND
ND
ND
NA
NA
NA
ND
R339911
7-16

-------
 TABLE 7-9
 CONCENTRATIONS OF ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS IN LEACHATE
 FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE LANDFILLS, ASH MONOFILLS, AND CO-DISPOSAL SITES
 PAGE TWO
Constituent
Isophorene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
3-Methyl phenol
4-Methylphenol
Napthalene
Nitrobenzene
4-Nitrophenol
Pentachlorophenol
Phenol
2-Propanol
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Tetrahydrofuran
Toluene
Toxaphene
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
Trichlorofluoromethane
Vinyl chloride
m-Xylene
p-Xylene and o-Xylene
Range
(Literature)
(ug/L)
10-16,000
110-28,000
10-660
NR
NR
4-68
2-120
17-40
3-470
10-28,800
94-10,000
7-210
2-620
5-260
2-3,200
0-5
0-2,400
2-500
1-1,120
4-100
0-110
21-79
12-50
NUS
Municipal
(ug/L)
ND
290-12,000
ND
NR
NR
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND-2,100
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND-1,100
ND-16
ND
ND
ND
ND-230
ND
ND
ND-23
NUS
Codisposal
(ug/L)
ND
ND-2,200
ND
NR
NR
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND-2,100
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND-120
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND-290
Ash Monofill
(CORRE)
(ug/L)
ND
NA
NA
ND-6J
ND-6J
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND-32
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
 NA   Not analyzed, as it was not part of the scope of work for this study.
 NR   Not reported in the literature.
 ND   Not detected.
 J     Indicates approximate value because contaminants were detected at levels below Method
      Detection Limits, but above the instrument detection limit.
 Source:    The first three columns are from "Characterization of MWC Ashes and Leachates From
          MSW Landfills, Monofills, and Co-Disposal Sites," EPA, October 1987. The last column is
          from this study.
R339911
7-17

-------
                                      TABLE 7-10

                               LEACHATE DIOXIN RESULTS
                              RANGES OF CONCENTRATIONS
Parameter
2,3,7,8-TCDD
TCDD-TOT
PeCDD
HXCDD
HPCDD
OCDD
2,3,7,8-TCDF
TCDF-TOT
PeCDF
HXCDF
HPCDF
OCDF
2,3,7,8-TCDDO>
Equivalency ppb
Samples (ppb)
ZA-LE-001-
ZA-LE-007
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND-0.222
ND-0.107
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND-0.076
ND
2x10-4
ZB-LE-001
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ZC-LE-001-
ZC-LE-002
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ZD-LE-001-
ZD-LE-003
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ZE-LE-001-
ZE-LE-002
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
    ND   Not Detected.
    <1>    2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalency  calculated  using Toxicity Equivalency Factors currently
         recommended by EPA (EPA, March 1987).
R339911
7-18

-------
                                       TABLE 7-11

           CONCENTRATIONS OF PCDOs/PCDFs IN LEACHATES FROM ASH MONOFILLS
                              RANGES OF CONCENTRATIONS
Compound
2,3,7,8-TCDD
Total TCDD
Total PeCDD
Total HXCDD
Total HpCDD
Total OCDO
Total Dioxin
2,3,7,8-TCDF
Total TCDF
Total PeCDF
Total HXCDF
Total HpCDF
Total OCDF
Total Furan
2,3,7,8-TCDD (D
Equivalency
(yg/kg or ug/L)
Field Leachate
Monofill B
(ppb)
<0.06-0.28
<0.06-6.6
<0.05-25
< 0.02-22
0.009-21
0.14-14
0.149-88.6
<0.05-3.7
<0.05-22
< 0.02- 17
<0.01-16
0.05-9.4
0.05-1.9
0.1-66.3
0.000-0.037
Field Leachate
Monofill C
(ppb)
<0.05-1.6
< 0.05-28
< 0.03-93
<0.02-130
<0.02-172
0.06-120
0.06-543
< 0.08- 11
< 0.08-65
< 0.02-64
<0.01-76
< 0.03-60
0.04-15
0.04-280
0.000-0.062
Field Leachate
Monofill D
(ppb)
<0.22-<0.26
0.13-0.27
<0.22-0.4
2.1-2.2
8.2-8.8
23-25
33.93-36.17
0.37-0.4
2.9-3
2.3-2.4
1.9-1.9
1.2-1.3
0.81-0.84
9.21-9.34
0.000-0.001
Field Leachate
Facility ZA
(ppb)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND-0222
ND-0 107
NR
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND-0 076
ND
NR
2x 10-4
    ND   Not detected.
    NR   Not reported, since the results were reported in another fashion.
    0)    2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalency calculuated using  Toxicity Equivalency Factors currently
         recommended by EPA (EPA, March 1987).
    Source:   The results for Monofill B, Monofill C, and Monofill D are from "Characterization
             of  MWC Ashes and  Leachates  from MSW  Landfills, Monofills  and Co-Disposal
             Sites," EPA, October 1987. The results from Facility ZA are from this study.
R339911
7-19

-------
                                                                                         TABLE 7- 12
                                                                                 LEACHATE METALS ANALYSES
                                                                                 RANGES OF CONCENTRATIONS
Parameter
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
lead
Manganese
Mercury
Selenium
Silver
Sodium
Zinc
Aluminum
Calcium
Magnesium
Potassium
Silicon

ZA LE 001-
ZALE-007
47-400
ND
NO 1 7
ND-32
ND
120 3.400
8-54
3104.600
ND
24-340
NO
3,000,000-3,800,000
60 370
700920
3,270,0005.360.000
51,000 70,000
516,000 525,000
2,100 5.700
Samples (in ug/L)
ZB-LE-001
NO
9,220
40
ND
88
840
ND
17,600
ND
ND
ND
2,450,000
83
ND
8,390,000
17,300
1,620,000
3,150
ZC LE 001
ZCLE-002
ND
7880
ND
ND
ND
108-115
ND 34
493 501
ND
ND
ND
188,000 191,000
9 13
ND
64.60065.800
22,60023,000
79.70081,200
4.5704,840
ZD LE-OOl
ZDLE-003
ND
18-40
ND
ND
46 12
187-523
ND
718857
ND
ND
ND
1,340,000-2,580,000
5287
ND
386,000477.000
340.000-367.000
229.000636.000
8.760-15.300
ZE LE001
Zt Lfc 002
ND
2.970-3.080
ND
ND
ND
7,480-10,500
ND
17,100 18,500
ND
ND
ND
2.430,000-2,4/0,000
2/-70
ND
5.570,000-5,670.000
14,800 15,000
1,430,000-1,450.000
470 498
Siandards/Cniena (in M9/L)

EPToxicity
Maximum
Allowable
Limit
5,000
100,000
1.000
5,000
SNA
SNA
5,000
SNA
200
1,000
S.OOO
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
Sdle Dnnkinc
Water ActW
MCls
50
1.000
10
50
SNA
SNA
SO
SNA
2
10
•>o
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
Safe Drinking
Water ActtW
SMCLs
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
1,000
300
SNA
50
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
5.000
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
ISJ
o
              ND   Not Detected
              SNA  Standard Not Available
              (•'I    Primary Drinking Water Standards
              C-0    Secondary Drinking vValer Standards

-------
                                  TABLE 7-13
                      RANGES OF LEACHATE CONCENTRATIONS
                    OF INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS FROM MONOFILLS
Constituent
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Mercury
Selenium
Silver
Aluminum
Beryllium
Boron
Calcium
Cobalt
Copper
Iron
Lithium
Magnesium
Manganese
Molybdenum
Nickel
Potassium
Sodium
Strontium
Tin
Silicon
Concentration
(Literature)
(mg/L)
0.005-0.218
1.0
ND-0.044
0.006-1.53
0.012-2.92
0.001-0.008
0.0025-0.037
0.07
NR
NR
NR
21
NR
0.022-24
0.168-121
NR
NR
0.103-4.57
NR
ND-0.412
21.5
200-4,000
NR
NR
NR
Concentration
(CORRE Study)
(mg/L)
ND-0.400
ND-9.22
ND-0.004
ND-0.032
ND-0.054
NO
ND-0.340
NO
ND-0.920
NA
NA
64.6-8,390
NA
ND-0.012
0.108-10.5
NA
14.8-367
0.310-18.5
NA
NA
79.7-1,620
188-3,800
NA
NA
0.470-15.3
EPToxicity
Maximum
Allowable Limit
(mg/L)
5.0
100.0
1.0
5.0
5.0
0.2
1.0
5.0
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
Primary Drinking
Water Standard
(mg/L)
0.050
1 000
0010
0050
0050
0002
0010
0 050
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
R339911
7-21

-------
   TABLE 7-13
   RANGES OF LEACHATE CONCENTRATIONS
   OF INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS FROM MONOFILLS
   PAGE TWO
Constituent
Titanium
Vanadium
Yttrium
Zinc
Chloride
Sulfate
pH
TDS
Concentration
(Literature)
(mg/L)
NR
NR
NR
ND-3.3
1,803-18,500
94
8.04-8.3
1 1 ,300-28,900
Concentration
(CORRE Study)
(mg/L)
NA
NA
NA
0.0052-0.370
7,700-22,000
14.4-5,080
5.2-7.4
924-41,000
EP Toxicity
Maximum
Allowable Limit
(mg/L)
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
Primary Drinking
Water Standard
(mg/L)
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
   NO    Not detected.
   NR    Not reported in the literature.
   NA    Not analyzed, as it was not part of the scope of work for this study.
   SNA   Standard Not Available.
   Source:    First column is from "Characterization of MWC Ashes and Leachates from MSW
             Landfills, Monofills, and Co-Disposal Sites," EPA, October 1987. Second column is
             from this study.
R339911
7-22

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;o
UJ
u>
ID
                                                                                             TABLE 7-14

                                                                                 LEACH ATE CONVENTIONAL ANALYSES
                                                                                    RANGES OF CONCENTRATIONS
Parameter
Ammonia-Distilled (as N)
lotal Organic Carbon
pll (field) (standard units)
Sulfate
Solids. Dissolved <3> 180*C
Tola! Alkalinity
Nitiate(asN)
Onhophosphate
Specific Conductivity
Chloride
Temperature CO (field)
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

ZA-LE-001-
ZA-LE-007
53-35
17-420
67-74
620 1.500
13.70041,000
44-120
NO 02
0 18 1 2
33.000-46.000
Mmhos/cm
7.700-22,000
NA
3443
Samples (in mg/L)
2B-LE-001
4 18
30
65
171
40.600
65
045
001
> 10,000 Mmhos/cm
NA
9
NA
ZC-LE-001-
2C-LE-002
682 774
47 2 49 3
69
144-14 5
924-932
560 S66
040041
NO
l.BOOMmhos/cm
NA
21
NA
ZD-LE-OOI-
ZD-LE 003
4 38-28 4
288307
NR
4.1405,080
8.030 13,000
709-744
ND-004
0 17-024
9.400 > 10,000
Mmhos/cm
NA
19^30
NA
ZE LE-OOI-
2E-LE-002
978-11 4
25 5-28 9
52
309 312
25.900-26,300
952 117
001
ND
> 10.000
NA
23
NA
Slanddrds/Oiieria (in mg/L)
tPToxicily
Maximum
Allowable
1 imit
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
Sale Drinking
Waler Act<*l
MCLS
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
10
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
Safe Drinking
Water ActlW
SMCLs
SNA
SNA
SNA
250
500
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
250
SNA
SNA
ISJ
              NA   Not analyzed, due to differences in scope of work.
              ND   Not detected
              NR   Not reported; pH meter not working properly
              SNA  Standard not available
              <•>)    Primary Drink ing Water Standards
              I")    Secondary Drinking Water Standards

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                                       TABLE 7-15

             RANGES OF EXTRACT CONCENTRATIONS OF ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS
        FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE INCINERATOR COMBINED FLY ASH AND BOTTOM ASH
                            FOR THREE LEACHING PROCEDURES
Constituents
Naphthalene
Methyl naphthalene
OleylAlcohol<1>
Methoxy ethane*2)
Methoxy ethanol
Dimethyl propdioK3'
Phenol
Bisoxy ethanol W
Ethoxy ethanoK5)
Cycloocta decone<6>
M. Furandione<7>
E. Dim dioxaneW
Benz, Di carboxy A
Benzole acid
Range of Concentrations (ppm)
Deionized Water
Extraction Procedure
(Literature)
First
Extraction
NO
ND-0.080
ND-0.088
ND
ND
ND-0.160
ND
ND-0.096
ND-0.310
ND-0.580
ND
ND-0.510
ND
NR
Second
Extraction
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND-0.006
ND-0.140
ND-0.033
ND-0.018
ND-0.390
ND-1.2
ND
ND
ND-0.002
NR
Extraction
Procedure
Test
(Literature)
ND-8
ND-18
ND
ND
ND
ND-0.190
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NR
Toxic
Characteristic
Leaching
Procedure
(Literature)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND-0.013
ND-0.140
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NR
Deionized
Water
Extraction
Procedure
(CORRE)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND-0.130
 ND Not detected.
 NR Not reported in the literature.
 Source:    "Characterization of MWC Ashes and  Leachates From MWS Landfills, Monofills, and
           Co-Disposal Sites," EPA, October 1987. Last column are the results of this study.
 0> (2)-9 Octadecen-1-01 (CAS 143-28-2).
 (2> 1-Methoxy-2-(methoxy methoxy)ethane (9C1) (CAS 74498-88-7).
 (3) 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-propanedial(CAS 162-30-7).
 W 2,2-{1,2-Etharediylbis (oxy) bis-}ethanol (CAS 112-27-6).
 <5> (2)-9 Octadecer-1-01  (CAS 143-28-2).
 (6) 1,4,7,10,13,16-Hexaoxa cycloocta decane (CAS 17455-13-9).
 (7) 3,4-Dimethyl-2,5-furadione (9C1) (CAS 766-39-2).
 (8! 5-Ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3,-dioxane (9C1) (CAS 25796-26-3).
R339911
7-24

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                                                                                           TABIE 716
                                                                                 ASH EXTRACTS METALS ANALYSES
                                                                                   RANGES OF CONCENTRATIONS
                                                            COMPARISON OF UTERATURE VALUES WITH RESULTS OBTAINED DURING CORRE STUDY
Parameter
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
lion
Lead
Manqanese
Mercury
Selenium
Silver
Sodium
?IMC
Aluminum Oxide
Calcium Oxide
Magnesium Oxide
Potassium Monoxide
Silicon Dioxide
Samples (in wg/l)
SW924
(Dl HjO)
(Literature)
550
150 390
5-30
2520
25 190
2 5-38
25 2.980
NO 10
10 100
2 S SO
NO SO
68.300
85 300
1 5 960
1 /U 29.400
122,000
536.000
NO 190
85,200-
120.000
NR
DIHiO
Extracts
(CORRE)
ND-4S
139 3,050
ND-76
NO 16
12-534
NO-US
MO 3,410
NO 20
NO 096
ND
NO
24.100
209.000
54 1.340
NO- 203,000
141,000-
1.740,000
21 379
13.100-
189,000
402-3.990
EPTOX
Extracts
(Literature)
5 100
27-6,300
10-3,940
59460
39-1,190
4,500
143,000
20-34,000
3.6006.240
NO-6.000
2-100
1-100
89.900-
100.000
38.500-
726.000
31.900
43,800
77.000-
1.740.000
22.800-
42,700
10.000
154.000
NR
EPTOX
Extracts
(CORRE)
ND31
23-455
25-1.200
NO 86
245.170
NO 82, 000
ND 19.700
250 8.S40
ND203
ND
ND
33.600-
225.000
67 95.600
NO 150,000
592.000-
4.810.000
27,300-
130.000
10.100-
189,000
5,09098.700
TCLP
Extracts
(Literature)
537
NR
25-3.320
25439
25 19
B2860.600
655 30. 100
4,200 11.900
4 4
25 25
NR
NR
23,300
373.000
NK
NR
NR
NR
NR
TCLP1
Extracts
(Literature)
1030
100-3,200
30 1,900
200-320
50-90
183.000
230.000
900 47,000
7.040 7,470
5060
10 10
2040
103.000
110000
72.200-
83,200
30.800-
32,800
1.930.000-
1,990.000
41.700-
41 UOO
106.000-
111.000
NR
TCLP 2
Extracts
(Literature)
10 100
50-630
10-470
10-160
20-20
2.180-6.330
50 6.100
3.220 3.340
NO 100
10 50
10 SO
1,410,000
1 500.000
23.500-
32.000
90-90
362,000-
1.430,000
140-27.900
86.500
93.900
NR
TCLP 1
Extracts
(CORRE)
ND
161-1. 850
ND 1,150
ND-80
5858
NO 7.220
NO 10,500
ND 5.1/0
ND 38
ND
NO
1.380.000
1 640 000
9 / 79.500
N062.800
666.000-
2.750.000
55 3/5.000
14.600
210.000
379 51,700
TCLP 2
Extracts
(CORRE)
ND60
12809
ND 1,560
ND-799
54 1.400
NO 1b2.000
NO 26.400
38 7,370
NO 46
ND
NO
38, /OO-
228.000
26 164,000
ND 152.000
692.000
3.640,000
623 137.000
15.100
1.110.000
870 143.000
CO.. txlracls
ND53
126-530
ND-354
NO 9 8
8 8 620
NO 304
ND 504
NO 2.390
NO 155
NO
NO 16
24.800
168.000
5 12/.000
NO90.700
398.000
1.920.000
207-59.300
12.300
155,000
418/1.800

SAHLxtracts
ND
129 3.960
NO 60
NO 10
85 610
NO 97
ND 3 94O
NO fa 4
NO 1 1
NO ?3
NO
4 1,770
Standards/Criteria
(in ng/L)
EP loxicity Maximum
Allowable Limn
5.000
100.000
1,000
5.000
SNA
SNA
5.000
SNA
200
1.000
5,000
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
SNA
ISJ
Ul
              ND   Not detected
              NR   Not reported in the liteiature
              SNA  Standard not available

-------

-------
REFERENCES

-------
                                REFERENCES
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). March 1987. Risk Assessment Forum:
"Interim Procedures for Estimating Risks Associated With Exposure to Mixtures of
Chlorinated   Dibenzo-p-dioxins   and   Dibenzofurans   (CDDs   and   CDFs)."
EPA/625/3-87/012.

EPA (U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency).  October 1987.  "Characterization of
MWC Ashes and Leachates from  Landfills,  Monofills,  and Co-Disposal  Sites."
EPA 530-SW-87-028A, prepared by NUS Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, for
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, D.C.

EPA (U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency).  October 1988.  "National Secondary
Drinking  Water  Regulations", 40  CFR  143, September  26,  1988,  as  cited in
Environment Reporter, Bureau of National Affairs, Washington, D.C.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). June 1989. "National Primary Drinking
Water Regulations," 40 CFR 141, April 17,1989,  as cited  in Environment Reporter,
Bureau of National Affairs, Washington, D.C.

EPA  (U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency).  August 1989.  "Municipal  Waste
Combustion Ash and Leachate Characterization,  Monofill Baseline Year." Prepared
by NUS Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,  for Office of Solid  Waste  and
Emergency Response, Washington, D.C.

EPA (U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency).  December 1989.  "Municipal Waste
Combustion  Ash and  Leachate Characterization, Monofill-Second Year Study".
Draft.  Prepared  by NUS Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, for Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, D.C.

Kimbrough, R.I., H. Falk, P. Stehr and G. Fries, 1984. "Health Implications of 2,3,7,8-
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) Contamination of Residential Soil", J. Tox.  &
Environ. Health. 14.47-93.
R339911                               R-1

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NUS Corporation, February 1988.  "Final Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) for
Characterization of Leachates and Soils." Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

NUS Corporation, December 1988.  "Final Work Plan, U.S. EPA and The Coalition on
Resource Recovery and the Environment (CORRE)." Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
 R339911
                                     R-2

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APPENDICES

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                             APPENDIX A





                           FINAL WORK PLAN
R339911

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     IMUS
  J	I COPPORATOSJ
VWAOTB MANAOMMBMT MMVICM

SAPK W«ST TrfVO
Oj/w v*s<« SOAO
      -i. PA 19O79-1O71
                                    FINAL
                                 WORK PLAN
                                 U.S. EPA AND
                      THE COALITION ON RESOURCE RECOVERY
                         AND THE ENVIRONMENT (CORRE)
                            NUS PROJECT NUMBER
                                DECEMBER 1988
      SUBMITTED FOR NUS BY:
      HAIA HOFFMAN
      PROJECT MANAGER

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                                TABLE OF CONTENTS


SECTION                                                                      PAGE

1.0  INTRODUCTION  	 L1

2.0  DETAILED SCOPE OF WORK  	 2-1
     2.1         FIEIDSAMPUNG 	         .  . 2-1
     2.11       Sampling Procedure*   	        2-1
     2.11.1      Sample Collection  	     2-1
     2.12       Sample Numbering  	   2-4
     2.1 3       Sample Documentation  	     .  2-4
     2.1.4       Sample Handling   	 2-5
     2.1.5       Sample Packaging and Shipping  	   2-5
     2.1.6       Equipment Decontamination   	  2-6
     2.2         SAMPLE HANDLING AND PREPARATION  	   2-6
     2.2.1       Ash Sample Preparation 	 2-7
     2.2.2       Extraction Sample Preparation  	 2-7
     2.2.3       Field Leachate Analysis  	 2-9

3.0  SAMPLE ANALYSES  	 3-1

4.0  DATA EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS  	 4-1

5.0  REPORTS     ....'.	 5-1

6.0  SCHEDULE   	 6-1

APPENDICES

     A         CARBON-DIOXIDE*SATU RATED DBONIZfO WATER AND  	  A-1
                SIMULATED AGO RAIN EXTRACTION SOLUTIONS
                AND EXTRACTION PROCEDURES

     B          PCDO/PCO* AND Pd ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES AND  	 B-1
                QA/QC PROTOCOLS
R339I9

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                                         TABLES
NUMBER                                                                           PAGE

1-1         Sampling and Analysis Summary	  1-2
2-1         Analytical Parameters, Containers, and Preservatives  	  2-3
2-2         Sample Preparation and Chemical Analysis by Laboratones  	  2-8
 *339t9                                      Ml

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                                  1.0  INTRODUCTION
This work plan has been prepared for tht Unittd Starts Environmtntal Prottction Agency (EPA) and
tht Coalition on Resource Rtcovtry and th« Environment (CORRE) in response to a jointly-sponsored
EPA and CORRE study to characterize the composition of municipal wast* combustion (MWC) ashes
and associated leachates from the corresponding monofills.

The objective of this study is to collect ash  samples from  five MWC  facilities and subject them to
laboratory analysis and several laboratory extractions, as well as to collect natural leachates from the
MWC Ash Monofills in which these ashes are disposed. Results of this study will enhance the data
base on the characteristics of MWC ashes, extracts, and leachates from MWC ash monofills. The data
obtained m this study must be of high  quality, from the perspective of both sampling and chemical
analysis.  Table 1-1 provides a  summary of  the number of samples to be taken and the types of
analyses to be performed.

This phase of the project concentrates on five MWC facilities. Additional facilities may be added to
the study at a later date by the study sponsors.

All  information  obtained throughout this  study, including the identification  of the facilities
participating in this study, will be treated with utmost confidentiality. Only selected NUS personnel
will have access to the data.  Except for these selected NUS project team members, no one, including
the EPA sponsors of the study, will have access to the data. All project data will be kept in a secure
locked file or work area at all times. Access to this area will  be strictly limited.

Section 2.0 of this work plan addresses the scope of work.  Recommendations included in the EPA
publication entitled 'Sampling and Analysis of Municipal  Refuse incineration Ash* will be adhered
to.   Section 3.0 describes the analytical  protocols;  Section 4.0 delineates data validation  and
evaluation;  Section 5.0 describes tfce.content of the draft and final reports to be produced;  and"
Section 6.0 addresses the study schedule.
R339M                                       1-1

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                                      TABLE 1-1
                          SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS SUMMARY
                                        CORRE
Sampling
Number of
Facilities
Number of
Samples per
Facility
Total
Number of
Samples
Types of Analysis
       MWC TOTAL ASH
5
2
5
5
5(3)
1(3)
1(3)
1(3)
25
2
5
5
Metals(') and conventional
PCBs
PCDDs/PCDFs
Semivolatiles (Appendix IX)
       MWC ASH EXTRACTS
5
5
2
5(3)
1(3)
1(3)
150
5<«>
2(4)
Metals'1' and conventional*'^ utilizing the
extraction procedures listed in Section 2.2.2
Semivolatiles and PCDDs/PCDFs
PCBs
       FIELD LEACHATES
4
1
4
4
2
2
2
2
8
2
8
8
Metals*1' and conventional^)
PCBs
PCDDs/PCDFs
Semivolatiles
  (')   Includes metals on primary and  secondary drinking water standard lists and others as
      follows: As, Ba. Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Se, Ag, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn; Al, Si Ca. Mg, K.
  (2)   includes the following conventional parameters:  TOC, total soluble salts, NHj-N, NO^-M,
      SO«,PO4,CO*aandpH.
  (3)   Each sampie represents a composite of 8 individual samples collected per day.
  <*>   A composite of the extracts from only one extraction procedure will be analyzed for
      Semivolatiles,  PCDDs/PCDFs and  PCBs.  The extraction  procedure to be chosen will  be
      determined at  a  later  date  based  on results obtained for metals and conventional
      parameters.
*339tt
                                          1-2

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                            2.0  DETAILED SCOPE OF WORK
This section provides the program elements for sampling and analysis of MWC ashes from five
facilities and MWC Ash Monofill leachates from four facilities,  it also provides the scope of work for
data evaluations and interpretation, reporting, and the QA/QC elements necessary for ensuring  a
meaningful program.

it is assumed in this Work Plan that the five MWC facility and associated MWC Ash Monofill sites will
be selected by CORRE. Site locations and a contact person at each facility will be identified by CORRE
and provided to NUS.

2.1      FIELD SAMPUNG

The purpose of this task is to perform the actual collection of leachate from four MWC Ash Monofills
and ash samples from five MWC facility sites, document the sampling, and  handle and ship the
samples in accordance with the following procedures.

2.1.1    Sampling Procedure*

2.1.1.1  Sample Collection

Leachate Sample Collection

Four MWC facilities will be chosen for leachate sampling.   Leachates will be  collected from the
leachate collection system of the MWC Ash Monofill. Two samples will be collected at each of the
four facilities  for  laboratory  analysis  of  metals,  conventional  parameters,  PCOOs/PCOFs, and
Appendix IX sefnivoiatile*. Two samples collected from only one facility will be analyzed for PCBs.

Leachate samples will  be taken from the collection system as grab samples.  Candidate sampling
locations include collection sumps and/or drainage ditches.  The NUS onsite person will select the
sampling points in cooperation with facility personnel.  Preferably, the samples will be collected by
submerging the sample containers. Alternatively, they will be collected using stainless-steel buckets
attached to an aluminum handle or a polyethylene rope.
*339W                                       2-1

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All sample containers will be filled to capacity to prevent oxidation and precipitation of dissolved
metals.

Samples destined for metal analyses will be filtered m the field prior to acidification, if possible,  if
impracticable to filter in the field, samples will not be acidified in the field but only cooled and
instructions sent to the laboratory (VERSAR) to filter and acidify upon receipt of sample.

All samples destined for semtvolatile analyses (Appendix IX), PC29s/PCDFs  and  PCBs if found to be
turbid, will be  centnfuged by the analyzing laboratories (VERSAR and BATTELLE) onor to being
extracted for analysis. Only the liquid will be analyzed,  instructions to centrifuge will be sent from
the field with the applicable samples by the NUS Sampler.

Leachate sampling will be performed by NUS personnel.  Table 2-1  lists the number of samples,
analytical  parameters, containers, and preservatives applicable to collection of the leachate samples.
These samples  will  be  analyzed  for metals and  conventional parameters,  PCOOs,  PCDFs, and
Appendix  IX semi volatile compounds.  One sample per site from only two facilities will be analyzed
for PCBs.

MWC Ash  Sample Collection

Five  ash composite samples will be collected at five MWC facilities. Ash samples will be collected
from a conveyor. Sarr -•  rig will be performed by fac   / personnel.  An NUS sampling expert will be
on site during the ash ^mpling.

The following procedures will be employed during j*h sampling:

      •   Samples will be collected with a shovel.

      e   Grab samples will be) taken from the conveyor using "ASTM 02234-86 Standard Methods
          for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal," Condition B, full-stream cut.

      •   Collection will be done at a fixed point each hour for 8 hours.
 R33M9                                       2-2

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                                      TABLE 2-1

               ANALYTICAL PARAMETERS, CONTAINERS, AND PRESERVATIVES
                                       CORRE
Number
of
Samples
Type of Analysis
Container^ $)0>
Preservative^)
SOURCE:  MWC MONOF1LL LEACHATE
8
8
8
8
2
8
8
Metals^
TOC, NH3 -N
TOS, NO3-N, SO«, PO4
C03
PCBs
PCDOVPCDFs
Semivolatiles (Appendix IX)
One 1 -liter polyethylene
One 1 -liter polyethylene
One 1 -liter polyethylene
One 500-ml polyethylene
Two 1/2-gallon amber glass
Two 1/2-gallon amber glass
Two 1/2-gallon amber glass
HN03:opH <2
H2S04topH <2

HNO3tOpH <2



SOURCE:  MWC ASH
200
Metal$<3>, semivolatiles (Appendix IX),
PCDDs/PCDFVPCBs, and
conventional*4' parameters in ash and
in ash extractions listed in
Section 2.2.2
1 quart

<1>    All containers will have Teflon-lined, screw-on lids.
(2)    All samples will be cooled to 4*C
(3)    AS. Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg. Se, Ag, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn; Oxides Al, Si, Ca, Mg, K.
w    TOC, total soluble salts. NHr-N, NOr-N. SO* PO«, C03, G, and pH.
(5)    The 200 samples will be grouped as 8-hour composites yielding a total of 25 samples.  Two of
      the 25 composite samples extractions will also be analyzed for PCBs and 5 will be analyzed for
      PCDOVPCDFs and semivoietiles (Appendix IX).
R339tf
                                          2-3

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      a  Tha aight samplas will ba scoopad into a 5-gallon container and will ba composited into an
         8-hour composite sampla. Tha container will be sealed, labeled, and stored for shipment
         at the end of the 5 days of sampling. Sample handling and shipping will be done by NUS
         personnel.

      •  Samples will be  collected each day over 5 days of facility  operation.   Starting time for
         sample collection will be one 1 hour later each day.  For example. Monday sample
         collection will begin at 8:00 a.m., Tuesday at 9:00 a.m., etc.

Table 2-1 lists the number of samples, analytical parameters, containers, and preservatives for the
leachate and ash samples.

2.1.2    Sample Numbering

AH samples will be assigned a field identification number to include codes for the site name, sample
type, and station number. The site name may be abbreviated using a two- or three-letter code, such
as ML.  The sample type will be denoted as either IE, for leachate samples, or AH, for ash samples.
The station number will refer to a specific sampling location, if applicable.

Additional codes will be utilized for identifying the first hour of ash sampling and the data. The date
will be noted by two digits for the month, day, and the year; the hour of day will be designated by
four digits.   For example,  an ash sample collected at the  first location on December 20,1988, at
10:00 a.m., would be designated as follows:

     a  ML-AH-001
     a  12-20-88-1000
2.1.3
All site activity and sampling will be documented in a waterproof, bound, log book to be completed
by the NUS onsite personnel.  Additionally, the following documents will be prepared to track each
sample through shipping and analysis:

      a  Sample labels • One per sample container; information on the label will include date, time,
         sample number, analysis, and preservative.

      •  Traffic report forms • Individual forms for each individual laboratory.

R339C9                                      2-4

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      •   Chain-of-custody fprmj - One per sample shipment to an individual laboratory.

      •   Chain-of-custody seals - Two per cooler, affixed so that the cooler cannot be opened
          without breaking the seals.

      e   Airbills • One per sample shipment to an individual laboratory.

2.1.4    Sample Handling

All  liquid samples  will be  placed  on ice in  a cooler  immediately after  collection.  Required
preservatives for the liquid samples  will be  added as soon  as possible after  collection.  The
subsequent list of procedures will then  be followed:                                          :

      e   Complete proper decontamination.
      e   Tighten and secure the lid of each container.
      e   Seal each container in a watertight plastic bag.

Samples will be shipped the day they are collected via a qualified carrier for next-day delivery. Ash
samples will be shipped to the VERSAft laboratory upon completion of sampling at each facility.

2.1.5    Sample Packaging and Shipping

To ensure that the laboratories will  receive enough sample volume, all  samples will be treated as
environmental samples. The following steps will be taken during packaging and shipping:

      •   Plug the drain and line the cooler with a large, impervious plastic sheet

      •   Place samples in the cooler.

      •   I ncl ude several watertight ice packs.

      e   Fill with a light, absorbent, packing material such as vermiculite.

      •   Place laboratory copies of sample documentation in a sealed plastic bag and tape to the
          cooler lid.
R339M                                       2-5

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      e  Affix custody seals.

      e  Secure the cooler with strapping tape.

      e  The traffic report forms will indicate whether the field team believes that a sample is of
         medium concentration.

2.1.6    Equipment Decontamination

Dedicated disposable or laboratory-cleaned equipment will be used to collect all samples. After use,
any nondisposabie equipment, such as a shovel, will be decontaminated using the following steps, as
applicable:

      •  Tap water and laboratory-grade soap wash
      •  Tap water rinse
      e  10 percent nitric acid solution rms«
      e  01 water rinse
      e  Sol vent rinse
      e  01 water rinse
      •  Air dry
      e  Foil wrapping and storage in a secure area

2.2     SAMPLE HANDLING AND PftfPAKATION

Samples collected during the field sampling will consist of two basic types of media: field leachate
and MWC ash samples.

All field leachate samples except those to be analyzed for PCBs and PCODs/PCOFs will be shipped to
v ERSAR. Samples to be analyzed for PCBs and PCDDs/PCDFs will be shipped to Battalia Columbus.
 R33«t9

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2.2.1    Aih Sample Preparation

All field MWC ash samples will be sent to VERSAR. VERSAR will prepare these samples for analysis by
implementing the following procedures:

      e   Each composite will be passed over a 2-mch screen. Material passing the 2-mch screen will
          be set aside.  Material larger than 2 inches will be subjected to repeated blows with a
          5-pound sledge hammer dropped from a height of t foot,  if a piece does not break after
          being subjected to three blows of the hammer, it will be weighed, the weight recorded,
          and discarded.  Material that breaks will then be reduced in size to pass the 2-inch screen
          and recombined with the original material smaller than 2 inches.

      •   Each composite sample will be dried, crushed to pass a 3/8-inch screen and riffled or coned
          and quartered to obtain a 1,000-gram sample.  The sample will then be properly labeled
          and stored in a clean, dry, cool, secure area. For further details, see ASTM Standard 0346.

Selected portions of five leachate extractions for each of the extraction methodologies will be sent
to Battelle Columbus for PCDD/PCDF  and  PCS analysis.  Table 2-2 summarizes the analysis by
laboratories.

2.2.2    Extraction Sample Preparation

VERSAR will extract ash samples using six different extraction methods, as follows:

      •   Acid No. 1 (EP-TOX)
      •   Acid No. 2 (TCLP Fluid No. 1)
      •   Acid No. 2 (TCLP Fluid No. 2)
      •   Method 924
      •   C02 saturated deionized water
      •   Simulated acid rain

The laboratory will adhere to the appropriate Federal Register leaching requirements for the first
four methods.   The extraction solutions and the extraction procedures for the C02 saturated
deionized water and the simulated acid rain are given in Appendix A.
R33M9                                       2-7

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                                    TA4LE2-2

            SAMPLE PREPARATION AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS IY LAIORATORIES
                                      CORRE
Sample Media
MWC Total Ash
MWC Ash Extractions
Field leachates
Preparation
VERSAR
VERSAR
VERSAR
Analysis*
VERSAR: Metals,* Conventional,' Semivolatiles'*
8ATTELLE COLUMBUS: PCBs, PCDOVPCDFs
VERSAR: Metals, Conventional*, Semivolatiles
BATTELLE COLUMBUS: PCBs, PCDDs/PCDFs
VERSAR: Metals, Convent) onals, Semivolatiles
BATTELLE COLUMBUS: PCBs, PCDOVPCDFs
 *   See  footnotes to Table 2*1 for detailed  individual analyses  of metals and conventional
    parameters.
 **  Appendix IX.
R33M9
                                        2-4

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VERSAR will  analyze  the extracts for metals,  conventional  parameters, and  the semivoiatiie
compounds on tht Appendix IX list and will ship the selected extract samples to Battelle Columbus
for PCB, PCOF, and PCDO analyses.
2.2.3    Field Leachate Analysis
Leachatt samples collected from the field will be analyzed for metals, conventional parameters, and
semivoiatiie compounds by VERSAR and for PCBs and PCOOs/PCOPs by Battelle Columbus.
                                   •aoie t
K339W  -, ,.                                 2-9

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                               3.0  SAMPLE ANALYSES
All analyses except for PCBs, PCDO/PCDFs, and conventional parameters will be conducted m strict
adherence to the  EPA third edition of SW-&4$ and will include all deliverables specified by the
applicable method.

The conventional parameters will be analyzed according to the applicable methods described m the
"Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wattewaterv' EPA-600/4-J9-OZO, March ^983.

PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs will be analyzed in the homolog form according to th« procedures described
in Appendix 8.   in  addition,  for  the PCOOs and  PCDFs the concentrations  of the individual
2,3,7,8 isomers will oe determined for each homolog.

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                       4.0  DATA EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS
Results obtained from the  laboratories will be  validated, according to EPA  national validation
guidelines; evaluated; and interpreted.  The data will be compiled into a single data base.

Results of laboratory analyses will be validated by qualified NUS chemists, according to QA standards
established  by EPA.  The data validation is independent of internal validation performed by the
laboratories involved, and is intended to assure high quality data.

The validated data will be compiled into  a single data  base.   These data will be compared with
literature information  and with Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements (ARARs).
Attempts will be made to evaluate the environmental effects of the ashes and the leachates.

Operating data for the sampled facilities during the sampling period will be provided, as available,
from the facility personnel.
R33M9           •  dBMP                 4>1

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                                     5.0  REPORTS
NUS will prepare a draft report, which will contain the following dtscriptions:

      •  MWC facilities sampled.  Facility identification will be kept in confidence, and only codes
         will be used.

      e  MWC ash monofills sampled.  Facility location will be limited to identification by codes
         only.

      e  Sampling procedures.

      e  Analytical procedures.

      e  Results.

      e  Evaluation of results.

The draft report will be submitted for review by EPA and CORRE. A final report will be issued upon
receipt of comments from EPA and CORRE.

EPA  and CORRE  may provide a list of three potential peer reviewers who  will be given  the
opportunity to comment on  the  draft  report.   The  peer reviewer's  comments will  also be
incorporated in the final report
                                                                    *
 R339W                                      5-1

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                APPENDIX A

 CARBON-DIOXIDE-SATURATED DEIONIZED WATER
AND SIMULATED ACID RAIN EXTRACTION SOLUTIONS
        AND EXTRACTION PROCEDURES

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                                C02 SATURATED ElUANT

Th« intentof this eluant formation i»to simulate a relatively "natural" low pH rainwater without th«
use of atmospheric man-made contaminants common such as HC1 and $04.

      Step 1   One must develop a "pH-time of purging" relationship curve. This is done simply by
             plotting observed pH to delta time during purge of distilled water with compressed
             CO;. Pursuant to Henry's gas law (attached text) an equilibrium of CO: at controlled
             ambient temperature in liquid from gas will be reached-at this time pH and time of
             purge should be recorded and thereafter used as a reference for preparing the CO;
             saturated distilled water solutions.

      Step 2  After obtaining the reference pH and CO2 time, use the prepared eluant per SW-846
             procedures.

                               SYNTHETIC ACID RAIN ELUANT

The intent of this eluant formation is to simulate an acid  rain representative of the Northeastern
United States according to the National Atmosphere Deposition Program (NADP) quality reference.

      Step 1  Prepare the following primary solution

                       Parameter                    Units
                       Distilled  water                4 liters
                       NaNO3                      0.1150 grams (gm)
                       KNOj                       0.2l9€gm
                       NH4NO?                     0.644 gm
                       MgClj                      0.0821gm
                       H2SO4                       0.1755 gm  of t9« percent!
                       C*SO4                       0.1057 gm

      Step 2   To achieve a more reasonable pH representative of the Northeast, dilute the solution
              prepared in Step 1  by ten (10) fold.

      Step 3   Utilize th« eluam prepared form Step 2 pursuant to SW-846 procedures.
 R339M

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                                              us
                                                               Ul
tht port oompontat, dM oaaditioBi art iavonbu fcf
MparadOB ocean whan dM Gibbt tnerfy of dM two»phata lyram blowar dMa
that of tat homoftBOBui lynan. Fifurt 3.M ihowi dM typt of phaw TJitanni that
muhi if dM paaittS* dcvutfeat from Raoult'i law arttolarft dMt dMrt it a raaft
of IsttoiicibUity of dM two Iiouidi> '
  It it iaporaat to oedct that ia all of dt«a fear diaaro&i dw vapor praamrt of
the compooont praiaat at hifhcr coacantndoc appreachai dM vatoai ftvaa by
Kaouit'i law at in BMU fraction appreachai ualty. Other typti of dtwiadoat from
       i law art ahw feuad. A aonpoatat may thow poaWvt dtviafloaa ia duuM
       i aad ntajatin dWadoni ia ooacaatratad aaludoot or vice'
      is ooBxpoatooo
at 78.$ *C, aad
aad eoataiat 4.0%
aadwatarferma
KQbywtiflit.
                                ydrochloric add, which boflt at -»*C,
                                craoc at 108.5M *0 that eonajiai
la aU dM ovapMi ihowB ia FIf. 3.9 dMrt 114
d>o oartal anamra of dM wluta (tha cotaaomnt at MW
                                                     Thh «raatMa to
Tha ubiafipt 2 adkatM dMt
nftrrtd to at HaBry*i law, aad dM
        la dfluti ailtttMai dM
               19 tfftm tbt MhibUhki of
         A few faj tobbiUtMi at 23 «C att

-------
                       r
ut

Up to a
loJubk
at \ MB
                               *»thto I • 3% fcr MB?
                       W
Hi
*
Oh
CO
00,
CK.
CA
GA
CA
544
Ml
940
444
1JS
11.4
1.0!
•JT
210
10»
I0»
J0»
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10*
10*
10*
10*
10*
17S K 10*
1.71 « IV

IM* 10*
147 * 10*
447 M 10*



       tt «*G M • pwtai
     • Uttr rf MtariM «Mttft
               rf CO» ««« dM idtttte rf TfO Mr.
                                             L-»
Tbt
       vMllOTr WBm paiM (H^ H» X^Mfc
I.U
                                                                  •ad pi
                                                                  ud
                                                                    hi.

                                                                  -^•.u—

                                                                  activity
                                                        Thtcb*
                                                        MBl
                                                        wm{
                                                        it II

-------
c
                             IM
                              For ±t (tiMociarion of aa add wi
                             ch« thcRBodyumic dJuodadoii conitant X, , t it fhrea by

                                                                    _ > f.
                                                                       '  .
                                                              ••
                                                                          I.
                                                                          Jf-»
                             Subttiradaf tqufttioa tf.3 aad ratmafiaf yiddi
                                    1.1
•ad pX, tor KJO« at 29 *C aad 001 toe*
           ^? « pjr/M .  i)o.o*i
                                      • 2.141 - 0.04C - 2.101
                                      • 7.1« - 5(0.041) . 7.010
                                                  QAftMMG
                                 AOB» AND •QAUOKAT1 IOK
The equilibria dtaiMd ia thit Medea an of latawat booMM of tho imponaact of
COt ia dM nfttladoa of the pH of blood. The idaatki of theM roaeaoat are
        ia Stedoa 16.1
      ' • MMJui MWWMU M MM wv/g (LiiutVc^i^ggMar • ujr%!l&iAu tw uirwwuw iuiuL
                                                                                        (HO)
                                                             \ww
                             At2a*G,rfc.OOOI5».Tb«
                             efaMfe art bedi uaMvanbb fcr the bydradoa roMdon, ee ebowa by dM vmltMia
                             Tabto 12; atradMMB, CO( baa M to bydraMd ia order MT dM dfcMived

                             ponad MOW btapb HM •urapy rhaniji MT nacdMi U ii aofadve,




                                                                     ^                (Ml)




















                                                                              •fw
                                                                              >4<7

                                                                            At U
                                                                            How«
                                                                            tnd il
                                                                            earboi
                                                                            to dif
                                                                            tp«cia
                                                                              Tb«
                                                                                                         Thw
                                                                                                         Caleul

-------
 CB.I
                     U
(6-6)



(6.7)



(M)
 a«  of
 U  («
 •'  0)

ar py
Ju  in
dCO,
K  1M

> men



(6.11)

(l   2)
                   TakloM  Tkomodyuaic Qjiaodtioi at 29 *C aod Zan
    (HiC<
     ijj"
     . ikj^jjSiL}
.  _  (H'KHCO.-)
'l   (COJ * (HfCOi)
                                           2.51

                                           S.77

                                           •.333

                                          10.329
                                                    3,3*)

                                                    3,170

                                                    8.M4

                                                   14.0M
                                1,190

                                1,010
                                3,60$
AT

 -a

-u


-J3.I
                                                   -M
                           T. UMJL CO,,
                              * te
                                                                     NAIA
                                                    mi »•• «rt-
                   At 25 *C, th« add diMdodon eowtoat JC,^, - 1.77 x 10"« (pJC . 9.77).
                   Howfvor, tw« it w< too add dtoodadon conmnt you will fed if you look In abtao,
                   and it it OK tte ooo you would uw in tho laboratory to do nokmlatioai OB hi-
                   earfaonoM buOn. Tho fOMoe it that a dM laboratory you MO aot ordinarily ahlo
                   to dMafUiih bcrweoa diawrvod CO, and H,CO, and dapir luap thoM two
                   ipodoi tofttfaor by eoaataf all daoohud CO, at HtCO,.
                     The tm add diawdation oonnont /i for caroook odd fa doflaod M
                                                                              (8.1S)
                   Thw
diawdotka of eorbeak odd fa of ipodal
         in blood.
                                                                             it fa un /\
                                                                         9.15) for tic i ;
                    O.OM Ml L'1, tad M ofttttfaji 113 may bo wnttott
                    If wo Bypommflaa (knubo bard), raoedoB «J ihtfliio tfao kft; tfafa
                    raecdott 11 1 to ottft to tho loft and, at o rawfe, the pK rfaa. If ao
                    of HCO, • in our hfeed fa too bitt, the bleed pH fa we UfB aod tat body
                                                                                                   l '
                                                                                                    1;
                                                                                               ••'-•ife
                                                                                               j. i k*
                                                                                                >•.
                                                                                                f.
                                                                        4V

                                                                        t
                                                                        •f?

-------
                                         £6*i
                 1M   •*•
                 ia rmu of twretion of HCO,' tn th« uhnc la thia w*y d* pH of blood U main-
                 tained in th« rtUtivtly narrow raitflt of 7.0 to 7.6.
 «  i '
 •'•ill
 !'•'
 u
   I! '
   .1
v-v't
1
                     MLATION UTWlBf
                     MiOmOtQOFIO OMOOATtON
                     OOMTAMn AMD MACROiCOflO
                     OOaOCUTXOM CONVTANTt
            dtaod»«ioM
                                                  ianratiaf oaapte of th«

                                                          H.NCH.CO,-    (6.18)
                  the microicopk
                    When f tyoiM it timad, wt do
                  tat dipolar too, *H^GHtOO«',
                  aad M w« daflM tha ftm add dtaoctadaa
                         ,*f
                   MM. 1« addirfom, tht pfindf** of
                                         ttevmhwoftte

-------
A   uHtCO,.
th> »H, tad •«
pic tquipflMBC
« J point wb«a
it  mctio&in
*talvud by tb«
O .caydnuai.

i,,iti»nirawy
 CC ')
  it racial in
  of CO* Sine*
 ,C .bywtrf
 •-0  )  (15.19)


          ) *



       (1120)
                 f:
                                    MU  MM**]
                     •
                     7
                     I
                     »
                             O.OQMI
                             0,0*
                             on
                             SJ
                             14.9
                             144
                             S,?
                       which
               »«i«vmihtt
                                                                At ihowa ta Iwtioa 15.1,
                                                                              (16J1)
                       Appiyiaf ddi nladoa
                                                      0.
                                                     0.
           O.OS7S 4- ~^ij   * 106 x 10*(H»)

«TdM hAtf-Ufc cakalattd with thk tquadaa an &m in Tab!* 1M. Tht




          MhkavpHv^tMk
hMtobt
                      UJ  MBD AMD 1O1 OATAX.
                                                    I (oA«
                                                    - *
-------
              CS9 ^^a^Lav
     HHMtATIOIf OF CO, AMD
     IMBRMUTIOIf OP O.CO,

la watar CO, trim larialy M diawtad CO, (m iteaoa 6,3) iaraad of « H,CO,.
T!M hal£la% fcr *t aydraaaa^aardradoa nacdoa dtpta* oa tht pH, *ad M
awtrat pH vahM k loeff caoufh that it awy bt ttudiad with tiotpi* vqaipaMat.
It ta tao ilawaav of tUi raaedoa that aeeoua* tor ta« Bbtfaf of ta« aftdpoiatwhan
carbooaa Ion to tltntai with add. Tat aatf.tia» te ta» «acaia)y«fld naeaaa ia
tquaooft buflan i« of ipodai iatarw baeauM it it too laaf to aaeouat te tat pneav
•asya* earbaaic aaaytaat 10 dui CO, aay bt aydntai, aad H«OOt daaydfMai,
men rapidly.
  Ia afdat » dawaa tat atatda of dM oaeatalyMd bydndu af CO» it to i
to oaaaldar taa fcUewtaf reaction*.
                CO, + H«0
                              • *
                                                          (16.16)
           OH-
Tat raw ooatcaati an fcr 85 *C
  Tht mat tquadaa fer COt i§
                    *.,(K,OOt) - J
Th«
            M* >.HOO,- + 11,00, oai
           ^ ^^ MKvflnflMBK ift %VQ|0B H^9
HCO,- aad H.CO, Waute ia «iulMbrtaa,
«-)(CO,) + *..(HCCV) (1117)

aw w rapidly dwt it rvaaJat ia
fctbw tht atdjMba af CO* fiaat
                                     . 1.70
                                                           (18.11)
                                           •(• (H^OO,) -h (HCO,-) *

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             APPENDIX B

PCDD/PCDF AND PCB ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
        AND QA/QC PROTOCOLS

-------
              METHOD AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

                           FOR

   DETERMINATION OF  2,3,7,8  SUBSTITUTED  POLYCHLORINATED
OIBENZO-P-DIOXINS AND 2,3,7,8 SUBSTITUTED POLYCHLORINATED
        OIBENZOFURANS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES BY
           HIGH RESOLUTION GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-
            HIGH RESOLUTION MASS SPECTROMETRY

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                                INTRODUCTION

          The purpose  of this document  is  to describe the procedures  used
f.  determining the levels of 2,3,7,8 substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-
dioxins  and  2,3,7,8   substituted  polychlorinated  dibenzofurans  (2,3,7,8-
PCOD/PCOF)  in water,  ash,  laboratory  extracts,  and  soil   samples.    The
procedure  used  for determination  of  the total  levels of  polychlorinated
dibenzo-p-dioxin  and  polychlorinated   dibenzofuran   (PCDD/PCDF)   congener
classes is also described.
                              SAMPLE HANDLING

          Upon receipt,  the  samples are kept continuously  in  either locked
storage or under supervision of a sample custodian.  When notified of sample
receipt, the  designated  sample custodian picks up and  logs  in the samples,
assigning each a  unique  number.   After the samples  are logged in,  they are
transferred  to  the  extraction  lab  following  chain  of  custody  and  are
assigned a  new designated custodian.   When the extractions  are completed,
the remaining samples are transferred in tht original containers back to the
original sample  custodian for permanent  storage.   The  sample extracts are
transferred  via  chain of  custody  to the  mass spectrometry  laboratory for
analysis by  the MS  sample custodian who,  upon  completion of  the  group of
analyses, transfers  the  extracts back to the original  sample custodian for
storage.


                            EXTRACTION PROCEDURE

          Aqueous Samples.  Samples containing sediment  are filtered and the
sediment saved for extraction.   Aliquots of the sample  are spiked with  the  5
to 40 ng of the 13Ci2 Internal standards listed in Table 1.
          The samples are extracted three times with methylene chloride, the
extracts  combined,  and  then concentrated to  5  mL  in  a  Kudurna-Danish
apparatus.   The  dried sediments  are added to thimbles  containing 0.5  inches
of silica gel  and then  extracted with benzene In a  soxhlet extractor  for  18

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hours.   The extracts  are  concentrated to  approxiMtely  10 mL with  three-
stage Snyder  columns,  and then  added  to the corresponding  water extracts.
The combined extracts are then further concentrated to approximately 4 ml.

          Ash and Soil Samples.  Ten gram aliquots of sample are spiked with
the same levels of the tetra- through octa-13ci2 dioxins and furans used for
the  aqueous  samples.   The Soxhlet  extractor is  assembled  and  the  sample
extracted for  18  hours with  250 mL of   benzene.    After   extraction,   the
benzene  extract is concentrated to approximately 5 mL with a 3-stage Snyder
column.        Method  blank  and native spike  samples are extracted  at the
same time as the test samples.
          The  sample extract  is diluted  to  50  to  60 ml  with  hexane and
washed  with  1  to 5  10 ml  aliquots of  concentrated  sulfuric  acid.   The
combined acid washes  from  each extract are extracted with  hexane,  which is
combined with  the corresponding  sample  extract.   The combined  extract is
concentrated to  5 ml and  transferred  to  a multilayered  silica  gel column.
The  first  layer contains 44 percent sulfuric  acid on  silica gel  while the
second contains activated  silica gel,  44  percent concentrated sulfuric acid
on  silica  gel,  and  33  percent  1M  sodium hydroxide  on silica  gel.   The
purpose of these columns is to  remove  acidic  and basic compounds and easily
oxidized materials  from the  extracts.   The  silica  gel support  provides  a
large surface area for contact  with  the  sample extracts,  thus improving the
cleanup efficiency.  Tht PCOO/PCDF  isomers  art eluted from the columns with
70  ml of  hexane  and  the  entire eluate,  Including  the original  extract
volume, is collected.  Tht htxane tluatt 1s then concentrated to 2-3 mL with
a gentle stream of nitrogen.
          Tht  hexane  solution  Is  fractionated  on  a  column  containing
approximately 5 g of activated  basic alumina  with 10 ml of hexane/methylene
chloride (97:3,  v/v)  and 40 mL of hexane/methylene chloride  (1:1, v/v) as
elution solvents.   Tht tluatt  is collected,  concentrated  to near dryness,
and diluted to 2 ml with hexane.
          This  eluatt  Is then  fractionated further on a column containing
approximately 2 g  of activated basic alumina with 3 mL of hexane/methylene
chloride (97:3,  v/v)  and 50 mL of hexane/methylene  chloridt (1:1, v/v) as
elution solvents.   Tht tluatt  1s collected,  concentrated  to near dryness,

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and dissolved  in  50  pi  of n-decane containing  5  to 10 ng of  an  absolute
recovery standard,  l,2,3,4-TCDD-13ci2.   This  solution is stored at  0  C and
protected from light until analysis.
          If  the  sample  is  still  not  suitable for analysis,  additional
cleanup may be used.  As part of this procedure,  the extract is fractionated
on a column containing 1 g of activated florisil  with 15 ml of  hexane,  20 ml
of ethyl  ether/hexane (6:94, v/v),  and  75 ml of methylene chloride/hexane
(3:1,  v/v)  as  elution solvents.  The  eluate  is  then taken  to near  dryness
and brought up in  50  pi of n-decane before analysis.


                                  ANALYSIS

          The  extracts  are  quantified  for  2,3,7,8-PCOD/PCDF  and/or  total
PCOOs/PCOFs by combined capillary column gas  chromatography/high resolution
mass  spectrometry  (HRGC/HRMS).    THe HRGC/HRMS  system  consists of  a  Carlo
Erba Model  4160 gas- chromatograph interfaced directly  into the  source of  a
VG  7070  mass  spectrometer.   A 60  meter 08-5 capillary column is  used to
accomplish the chromatographic separations.  Helium is used as  a carrier gas
in both  types  of  analyses with a flow velocity  of  approximately 30 cm/sec.
The mass spectrometer  is  operated in the  electron  impact  (El) ionization
mode  at  a  mass  resolution  of  9,000-12,000   (M/AM,  10  percent  valley
definition).    The   operating  parameters   of  the  HRGC/HRMS  system  are
summarized  in  Table  2.   All HRGC/HRMS  data  are acquired  by  multiple-ion-
detection  (MIO)  with  a VG  Model  11-250J  Data   System.    The  exact masses
monitored are  shown in Table 3.
                             QUALITY ASSURANCE

          The operation  of the HRGC/HRMS is evaluated each day  for  accuracy
of  quantification  and  isomer  resolution by  analyzing a  standard mixture
containing PCDO and/or PCDF  isomers.  When the  analysis  is  for determination
of  2,3.7,8-PCDO/PCDF,  the mixture contains  Isomers  listed  1n Table 1  along
with  the unlabelled  isomers listed In  Table  1A.   The retention times  for

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each  of  the  2,3,7,8 isomers,  relative to  the corresponding  Isotoplcally
labeled congener, are also determined fro* this standard mixture of 1 sowers.
          Other  native  PCDO/PCOF   isomers  My  also  be Included  in  this
mixture but not quantified.   Mixtures of selected PCOO/PCOF  isowers are also
analyzed  once   or   twice  a  week   to  evaluate  the  stability  of  the
chromatographic elution windows.   The stability of the MSS  focus is assured
by use of a PFK "lock Mass14  to correct for any MSS focus drift.
          Native spike and laboratory blank samples are processed during the
extraction and cleanup of the samples.  The native spike samples are used to
evaluate the  accuracy of  quantification, while the method blank samples are
used to demonstrate freedom from contamination.
                      RECOVERIES  OF  INTERNAL  STANDARDS

          The  relative  response  factors  used  in  determination  of  the
recoveries of the  isotopically  labelled  internal  standards  which are spiked
into  the  samples  (Table  1)  are calculated  by  comparison of  the responses
from  the  internal  standards  to  the response  from the  external  standard,
l,2,3,4-TCDO-13Ci2,  which is added  following the  sample extraction.   The
formula for this response factor calculation is:

                           Rf . A1s x Q1234
                                A1234 x Qls
where:
         Rf • Response factor
       Ais  • Sum  of  Integrated areas  for  isotopically  labelled internal
              standards
      Q1234 • Quantity of l,2,3,4-TCDO-13Ci2
      A1234 • SUB  of  Integrated  areas for l,2,3,4-TCDO-13Ci2
        Qls * Quantity of Isotopically labelled Internal  standard.

The values  for  the response factors  are calculated for each dally standard
analysis.   The  avtragt value  Is  used  in  determining the  recovery  of the
isotopically labelled Internal  standards.  The recoveries art calculated  by
comparing  the  sum of the  responses fro* the  two Ions  monitored for  each

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isotopically labelled internal standard to the SIM of the responses from the
two ions for the  l,2,3,4-TCDO-13Ci2 external  standard.   The fomula used in
the recovery calculation is:

                    Recovery (%)  • Ais x Q1234 x 100
                                   A1Z34 x Qis x Rfa

where:
       Ais » Sum of integrated areas for internal standard
     Q1234 - Quantity of l,2,3,4-TCDD-13r,i2
       100 * Conversion factor for %
     A1234 « Sum of integrated areas for l,2,3,4-TCDO-13c12
       Qis * Quantity of isotopically labelled internal  standard
       Rfa » Average response factor.
                              QUANTIFICATION

          A  relative  response  factor  is  calculated  for  each  individual
2,3,7,8  isomer  by comparing the  SUM of  the  responses fro* the  two na*~es
monitored for each  class,  at the appropriate retention time,  to  the sum of
the responses from  the two ions  for the corresponding Isotopically labelled
internal  standard in  each daily standard  analysis.   The  formula  for the
response factor calculations:

                            Rf - An x Q1s
                                 Ais x On
where:
      Rf « Response factor
      An > SUM of Integrated areas for native isomer
     Qis • Quantity of  Internal standard
     Ais * Sin of Integrated areas for Internal standard
      Qn • Quantity of  native isomer.

The values  calculated for the dally  response factors art then averaged  and
this average is used  In all calculations  used to quantify the  data.

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          The PCOO/PCOF  isomers  are  then  quantified  by comparing the sum of
the responses fro* the two ions awnitored for each class, at the appropriate
retention  time,  to  the  sum  of  the  responses  from  the  corresponding
isotopically labelled congener.   The octa-COO-13Ci2  is used to quantify the
octa-COF.  The formula for quantifying the PCDD/PCOF isomers is:
                      Concentration (ppb) »    An x Qis
                                            Ais x W x Rfa
where:
  Cone. *  Concentration  in  parts-per-billion  (ppb)  of  target  isomer  or
           congener class
     An > Sum of integrated areas for the target isomer or congener class
    Qis • Amount of internal  standard in grans
    Ais » Sum of integrated areas for the target isomer or congener class
      W - Sample weight in grams
    Rfa « Average response factor.

          Each   pair   of   resolved  peaks   in  the   selected-ion-current
chromatogram is evaluated manually to determine if it meets the criteria for
a  PCOO  or PCOF  isomer.    By examining  each  pair  of peaks  separately,
quantitative accuracy  is  improved over what is obtained when  all  the peaks
in a selected  chromatographlc  window are averaged.  When  averaged  data are
used,  it is possible  for pairs of peaks with high  and low chlorine isotope
ratios to produce averaged data that meet  the  isotope  ratio criterion.  For
example, two pairs of peaks having chlorine isotope ratios of 0.56 and 0.96,
both outside of the acceptable range, would have an average ratio of 0.76.
          The criteria that are used to identify PCOO and PCOF Isomers are:

          (1)   Simultaneous responses at both ion masses;
          (2)   Chlorine  Isotope   ratio  within  +  15%  of the
               theoretical value;
          (3)   Chromatographic   retention   times   with   In
               windows determined fro* analysts  of standard
               mixtures;

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                                      7
          (4)  Signal-to-noise ratio equal to or greater than
               2.5 to 1.

          The 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDO/PCDF isowers and the octa-CDD include
the  additional  criterion  that they  coelute within  * 2  seconds  of  their
isotopically labelled analogs.
          A most  possible  concentration (MPC) is  calculated  for  samples in
which isomers of a particular chlorine congener class are not detected.  The
formula used for calculating the MPC is:

                    MPC (ppb) - Hn x Qis x 2.5
                                 His x W x Rf

where:
        MPC » Single isomer most possible concentration (ppb);
         Hn * Height of congener class isowers;
        Qis * Quantity of internal standard (ng);
        His • Peak height of internal standard;
          W • Sample weight (g)
        Rfa - Average response factor; and
        2.5 * Signal-to-noise ratio.
                           ACCURACY AND PRECISION

          The  recovery  of   the  i?C  labelled  internal  standards  which
experience  the  entire sample preparation  is Measured by  comparison to the
response  of l,2,3,4-TCDO-13ci2  which is  added  to the  extract immediately
prior to  analysis.   Recoveries  range  between  70 and  120 percent, depending
on the sample matrix.    Those samples which require additional clean-up are
spiked   with   2,3,7,8-TCDO-37ci4  as  another   reference   for   recovery
calculations.
          Duplicate  analyses  are performed periodically as another means of
insuring  method  performance.   Daily  standard analysis  provides  a check of
instrument  performance  and  precision.    Response factor  calculations are
compared  with   established   values  and  are  not  to  exceed  20   percent

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                                      8
difference.    Three and  five  point  calibration  curves  are  periodically
performed to demonstrate instrument linearity.

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           TABLE  1.  LABELLED  ISOMERS FOR SAMPLE QUANTIFICATION
            Isomer
Approximate Spiking Level (ng)
2I3,7,8-tetra-COF-13Ci2
2,3,7,8-tetra-CDD-13ci2
l,2,3,7,8-penta-CDF-13ci2
l,2,3,7,8-penta-COD-13Ci2
l,2,3,4,7,8-hexa-COF-13Ci2
l,2,3,6,7,8-hexa-CDO-13Ci2
l,2,3,4,6,7,8-hepta-CDO-13Ci2
l,2,3,4,6,7,8-hepta-CDF-13Ci2
              10
              10
              10
              10
              35
              10
              25
              25
              25

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                                     10
              TABLE  1A.  NATIVE  ISOMERS FOR RESPONSE FACTORS AND
                         RETENTION TIMES
            Isomer
Approximate Spiking Level (ng)
2,3,7,8-tetra-CDF
2,3,7,8-tetra-CDO
1,2,3,7,8-penta-CDF
2,3,4,7,8-penta-CDF
1,2,3,7,8-penta-COO
1,2,3,4,7,8-hexa-CDF
1,2,3,6,7,8-hexa-CDF
1,2,3,7,8,9-hexa-CDF
2,3,4,6,7,8-hexa-COF
1,2,3,6,7,8-hexa-CDD
1,2,3,4,7,8-hexa-COD
1,2,3,7,8,9-hexa-CDO
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-hepta-COF
1,2,3,4,7,8,9-hepta-COF
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-hepta-COO
Octa-CDO
Octa-COF
        10
        10
        10
        10
        10
        10
        10
        10
        10
        10
        10
        10
        25
        25
        25
        25
        25

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                                  11
              TABLE  2.   HRGC/HRMS OPERATING  PARAMETERS
Mass Resolution
Electron Energy
Accelerating Voltage
Source Temperature
Preamplifier Gain
Electron Multiplier Gain
Column
Transfer Line Temperature,
  DB-5
Injector Temperature,
  DB-5
Column Temperature-Initial,
  DB-5
Column Temperature-Program,
  DB-5

Carrier Gas
Flow Velocity
Injection Mod*
Injection VoluM
9000-12000 (M/AM, 10% valley definition)
70 eV
4000 volts (7070H) or 6000 volts (7070E)
225-250 C
10'7 amp/volt
-106
CP Sil 88 50M or DB-5 60M

300 C

300 C

160 C

20 C/min to 240 C hold for 40 min
20 C/min to 320 C hold for 30 min
Helium
-30 en/min
Splitless
0.5-2  ML

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                                         12
          TABLE 3. EXACT MASSES USED FOR THE DETERMINATION OF PCDO AND PCDF
                                      Accurate Mass       Theoretical  Isotope Ratio
Compound                             Mass 1    Mass 2           Mass I/Mass 2


Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins        319.8965  321.8936              0.77
Tetrachlorodibenzofuraas            303.9016  305.8987              0.77

Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins        355.8546  357.8517              1.54
Pentachlorodibenzofurans            339.8597  341.8567              1.54

Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins         389.8156  391.8127              1.23
Hexachlorodibenzofurans             373.8207  375.8178              1.23

Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins        423.7766  425.7737              1.03
Heptachlorodibenzofurans            407.7817  409.7788              1.03

Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins         457.7377  459.7347              0.88
Octachlorodibenzofurans             441.7428  443.7398              0.88

Tetrach1orodibenzo-p-dioxin-13ci2   331.9367  333.9338              0.77
Tetrachlorodibenzofuran-13Ci2       315.9418  317.9389              0.77

Pentach1orodibenzo-p-dioxin-13Ci2   367.8948  369.8918              1.54
Pentachlorodibenzofuran-13ci2       351.8999  353.8969              1.54

Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-13Ci2    401.8558  403.8529              1.23
Hexach1orodibenzofuran-13ci2        385.8609  387.8580              1.23

Heptach1orodibenzo-p-d1ox1n-l3Ci2   435.8168  437.8139              1.03
Heptach1orodibenzofuran-13Ci2       419.8219  421.8190              1.03

Octach1orodibenzo-p-d1ox1n-l3Ci2    469.7779  471.7749              0.88

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APPENDIX B

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                                APPENDIX B


           Modified Method 680 for Special Analytic*! Service* Teat
            Identification and Measurement of Pesticides and PCSs
                   by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
                              November 18, 1985
For further information, contact Ann Alford-Stevens or James W. Bichclberger,
Physical and Chemical Methods Branch, Environmental Monitoring and Support
Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.

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                                        -i-
1.  SCOPt mO MfLICATIOM

   1.1.  This Bathed provides procedures for identification and measurement
         of polyehlorinatad biphenyls (PCBi) and tha pesticidaa listed balow.
         Thla nathod la applicable to aanplaa containing PCSa aa aingle congeners
         or aa conplax mixturea, auch aa coauMrcial Aroclora.  PCBa  ara idantiflad
         and naaaurad aa iaomar groupa (i.a., by level of chlorination).   Tha
         axiatanca of 209 poaaibla KB congeners makes impractical  tha liating
         of tha Chanleal Abatracta Sarvica Ragiatry Number (CASRt)  for aach
         potential method analyta.  Bacauaa PCBa ara idantifiad and  Matured
         aa iaomar groupa, tha non-specific CASRN for aach level of  chlorination
         la uaad to daacriba aathod analytaa.
Analyta(a)                  formula

Aldrin
BMC, alpha
BHC, beta
BHC, delta
BHC, ganma
Chlordane, alpha
Chlordane, gamma
4,4'-ODD                    C14M10C14
4,4'-ODE                    C14H§Cl4
4,4'-DDT                    C14H9C15
Dleldrin                    C12H8C160
Endosulfan I                C9H$C1«03S
Endosulfan IX               C8H6C16O3S
Endoaulfan aulfata
Endrin
Endrin fcatone
Haptaehlor
Heptachlor apoxide
Mathoxychlor
Nonachlor, trans
PCBa
    Mo noch 1 orobi pheny Is
    Dichlorobiphenyis
    Trichlorobiphenyls
    Te traehlorohi phenyIs
    Pentachloroblphenyls     C12H5C15
    aexaehlorobiphenyIs      C12H4C1$
    Reptaehlorobiphenyls     C12B3C17
    Octachlorohiphenyls
    Monachloroblphenyls
    Dacachloroblphenyl       C12C110
                                     C .
                                     C  -S
                                     C16H15C1302
                                     C10H5C19

                                     C12H9C1
                                     C12H8C12
                                     C12H7C13
  CASTO

  309-00-2
  319-84-6
  319-85-7
  319-86-8
  58-89-9
 5103-71-9
 5103-74-2
  72-54-8
  72-55-9
  50-29-3
  60-57-1
  959-98-8
33213-«5-9
 1031-07-8
   '2-20-8
53494-70-5
   76-44-8
 1024-57-3
   72-4:  i
39765-8C  i

27323-H-8
25512-42-9
25323-68-6
26914-33-0
25429-29-2
26601-64-9
28659-71-2
31472-83-0
53742-07-7
  2051-24-3
    1.2  Da tact ion Halts vary aseng Mthed analytaa aad with saapla matrix,
         aaapla praparatioo procaduraa, and individual aa^laa, dapmading ea  th«
         typ» and quantity of oth«r aaapla ccatponanta.  th« followiag guidanea is
         baaad on nomarous aaalyaaa of calibration solution* with OM instnas»nt
         or«r a pariod of approximataly six aonths.  Paaticida analytas otter than
         andosulfans X and XI can bs idsntifi«d and accurataly sMSvrsd »*»an tha
         injaetad aliquot contains 2 ng of ««eh analytaj tha aadosulfans raquira

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                                         -2-


        about 4 ng each.  Detection  limits for  Individual PCB  congeners  incraaaa
        with increasing number of  chlorine atoms, with the detection  limit for
        decachlorobiphenyl  being about  5-10 times higher than  that  of a  monochloro-
        biphenyl.  A monochlorobiphenyl  can be  identified and  measured when the
        injected extract  aliquot contains 1 ng.  The detection limit  for total PCBs
        will depend on the  number  of individual PCB congeners  preeent.


2. SUMMARY OF METHOD

   Sample extract components are separated with capillary column gas chronatography
   (GO and identified and  meaaured with low resolution, electron ionization aaas
   spectrcmetry (MS).  An interfaced data system (OS) to control data acquisition
   and to store, retrieve,  and manipulate mass spectral data is essential*  Two
   surrogate compounds are  added to moat samples before sample preparation; these
   compounds are 13C12-4,4'-DDT and  13C6-gamma-BHC.  Two internal standards,
   chrysene-di2 *n<4 phenanthrene-dio» **• added to each sample and  blank extract
   before GC/MS analysis  and are used to calibrate MS response.  Each concentration
   measurement is based on  an integrated ion abundance of or.t  characteristic ion.

   All pesticides are identified as individual compounds, and  a concentration is
   calculated by relating the MS response of each compound to  the MS response of
   one of the two internal  standards, usually the internal standard with GC retention
   time nearer that of the  pesticide analyte.  This has been predetermined by
   order of library entries with the specialized software for  automated  identifi-
   cations and measurements.

   PCBe are identified and  measured as  isomer groupe (i.e., by level of  chlorination).
   A concentration is measured for each PCB isomer group} total PCB concentration
   in each sample extract is obtained by summing isomer group  concentrations.
   Nine selected PCB congeners are used as calibration standards, and one internal
   standard, chrysene-d^,  i« used to calibrate MS response.

3. DEFINITIONS

   3.1  Concentration calibration  solution (CAL) — A solution of PCB calibration
        congeners, pesticide analytes, surrogate compounds, and internal standards
        used to calibrate the mass spectrometer response.

   3.2  Congener number — Throughout this method, Individual  PCBs are described
        with the number assigned by Ballschmiter and Zell (1).  (This number is
        also used to describe PCB  congeners in catalogs produced by Ultra Scientific,
        Hope, HI.)

   3.3  Internal standard — A pure compound added to each sample and blank extract
        in known amounts and used  to calibrate concentration measurements of
        PCBs and pesticide  analytes that are sample components.  The internal
        standard must bm a compound that is not a sample component.

   3.4  Laboratory performance check solution (LPC) — A solution of method analytes,
        surrogate compounds, and internal standards used to evaluate the performance
        of the GC/MS/D« with respect to a defined semxtf method criteria.
                                                                         .
   3.5  Laboratory reagent blank (LM) —  An aliquot of extraction  solvent
        that is exposed to all glassware* apparatus, equipment, method reagents,
        etc., that a sample extract solvent would bm exposed to.  All internal

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                                        -3-


        standards and surrogates ars ussd with the LftB solvent, which is
        concentrated to the final volume of a sample extract and is analysed
        exactly the same as an saaple extract.

   3.6  Laboratory surrogate spiks - measured value (LSD — The surrogete
        compound concentration measured with the same procedures used to measure
        sample components.

   3.7  Laboratory surrogate spike - theoretical value (LS2) — The known or true
        value of the concentration of surrogate compound added to the environmental
        sample  The known valus is determined from standard gravimetric and/or
        volumetric techniques used during saaple fortification.

   3.8  Surrogate compound — A compound that is not expected to be found in the
        saaple, is added to the original environmental sample to monitor performance,
        and is measured with the same procedures used to measure sample components.
        Associated with the surrogate compound are two values, laboratory surrogate
        spike - measured value (LSD and laboratory surrogate spike - theoretical
        value (LS2).
4.
   4.1  Interferences may be caused by contaminants in solvents* reagents, glassware,
        and other saaple processing equipment*  All of these materials must be
        demonstrated to be free of interferences by routine analysis of laboratory
        solvent blanks (LSB).

   4.2  For both pesticides and PCBs, interference can be caused by the presence
        of much greater quantities of other saaple components that overload the
        capillary column; additional saaple extract preparation procedures must
        then be used to eliminate interferences.  Capillary column GC retention
        times and the compound-specific characteristics of mass spectra eliminate
        many interferences that formerly were of concern with pesticide/PCB
        determinations with electron capture detection.  The approach and identi-
        fication criteria used in this method for PCBs eliminate interference by
        most chlorinated compounds other than other PCBs.  With the isoaer group
        approach, coeluting PCBs that contain the saae number of chlorines are
        identified and measured together.  Therfore, coeiuting PCBs are a problem
        only if they contain different number of chlorine atoms.  This interference
        problem is obviated by the rigorous identification criteria incorporated
        into the specialised software.


5. APPARATUS AMD tOOIPMPIT

   5.1  COMPOTIiaaD OC/NI fTITBM

       5.1.1  The <3C must be capable of temperature programming and be equipped
              with all required accessories, such a* syringes, gases, and a capillary
              column,  the GC injection port murt be deeigned for capillary columns.
              Manual splitless injections were used to acquire  data used  as the basis
              for quality control requirements.  An automatic injector, however,  is
              desirable, because it should provide more  precis* retention times and
              areas.  Oo-coluan injection techniques  are encouraged becaas« they
              minimise high mass descrimination  and analyte  degradation problems.

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             with  some GCs, however, the irreproducibility  of  the low initial
             temperature  required for on-column  injections  will  cause irrepro-
             ducible  retention times (RTs)  and relative  retention times (RRTs).
             That  can result  in an inability to  distinguish between two closely
             sluting  pesticide isomers.   Splitting  injections  are not recommended.

       5.1.2  Pull  range mass  spectra are obtained with electron  ionization at a
             nominal  electron energy of  70  ev.   To  ensure sufficient prscision of
             mass  spectral  data, the required MS scan rate  euat  allow acquisition
             of  at least  five full-range aass spectra whil* a  sample component
             elutee from  the  GC.  The MS aust produce a  BASS spectrum meeting all
             usual eritsria for <2Q ng of decafluorotriphenylphoephine (DFTPP)
             introduced through the GC inlet.

       5.1.3  An  interfaced  data system (OS) is required  to  acquire, store, reduce,
             and output mass  spectral data.  The DS must be capable of searching
             a data file  for  specific ions  and plotting  ion abundances versus tine
             or  spectrum  number to produce  extracted ion current profiles (EICPs:.
             Also  required  is the capability to  obtain chroma to graphic peak areas
             between  specified times or  spectrum numbers in CICPs.   Total data
             acquisition  time per cycle  should be £0.5 s and must not exceed 1.5 s.

   5.2  GC COLUMN --  A 30 m X 0.32 mm ID fused silica capillary  column coated with
        a 0.25 urn or thicker film crosslinked phenyl methyl  silicons (such as
        Durabond-5  (DB-5), J and W Scientific, Rancho Cordova,  CA) or polydiphenyl
        vinyl dimethyl siloxane (such as  SE-S4, Alltech Associates,  Deerfield, ID
        is required.  Operating conditions known  to  produce  acceptable results with
        these columns  era  shown in Table  1;  separation of pesticide analytes and  PCS
        calibration congeners  with a DB-5 column  aad those operating conditions is
        shown in  Figure  1.  Retention times  have  been reported  (2) for all 209 PCS
        congeners with an  SE-54 column, which provides the same retention order for
        PCBs  and  sssentially the same seperation  capabilities aa  a DB-5 column.

   5.3  MISCELLANEOUS  EQUIPMENT

        5.3.1 Volumetric  flacks - various common sises with ground glass stoppers

        5.3.2 Microsyriages - various common sisea


6. REAGENTS AMD COMJCMAJL1 MATERIALS

   6.1   SOLVENTS — High  purity, distilled-in-glass.

   6.2   MS PERFOBMAftCZ CMC* SOLUTION — Prepare a  10 ag/uL solution of decafluoro-
         tripheaylpacephiae  (OFT**) ia aa appropriate eoli   '
   6.3   IWTXWAL StMlDABDS — Chrysene-d12 sad phenaathreae-d^Q are used as internal
         standards.   They are added to each sample extract just before analysis and are
         contained ia all concentration calibration aad performance cheek solutions.
         A solution of internal standards is provided.

   6.4   SGMOGMB COMOONM — 13C12-4,4'-OOT aad 1 ^-gassta-BBC are added to every
         blank aad to «ost samples before extraction and are included ia every concen-
         tration calibration/ performance check solution,  mequired solutions of
         surrogate compounds; arm provided.

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                                         -5-


   6.5   PCI COiemTRATIOII CALI1RATION CONGSNCRS — The nine individual PCB congeners
         Uated in Table 2 are uaed a* concentration calibration compounda for PCB
         determination*,  one  iaomer at each level of chlorination ia uaed aa the
         concentration calibration atandard for all other iaomera at that level of
         chlorination, except  that decachlorobiphenyl (C110) ia  uaed for both cig
         and Clio iiomer groups.   The needed solution of PCB congeners ia provided.

   6.6   PKSTICIOC CALIBRATION SOLUTION — Provided.

   6.10  CALIBRATION SOLUTIONS (CALa) — Five hexane solutions are required.
         Inatruction* for preparation of CALS are provided with  the PCB calibration
         congener solution. CALa contain a constant concentration of the iSa
         (chry*ene-dij and phenanthrene-d^g) and varying eoncentrationa of the
         individual staticIda  analytae. the nine PCB calibration congeners, and
         the two aurrasate compound* (  C12-ODT and   Cg-gamaa-BHC).  (Composition and
         concentrations are given in Table 3.) Each solution contains both iss, both
         surrogate compounda,  the nine PCB concentration calibration congeners, and
         each of the single-compound pesticide analytea.  The lowest concentration
         solution contains each individual pesticide analytes and PCB calibration
         congener at a concentration near but greater than its anticipated detection
         limit.  (Becauae MS reaponae to PCBa decreaaea with increasing level of
         chlorination, PCB congener concentration* ia CALS lacreaae with level of
         chlorination.)  Component* of the higheet concentration CAL are preaent at
         a concentration that  allow* injection* of 2-uL aliquot* without MS saturation
         or GC column overloading.

   6.11  LABORATORY PERFORMANCE CHECK SOLUTION — The medium concentration CAL (#3,
         Table 3) ia uaed aa the laboratory performance cheek aolution (LPC) to verify
         responae factor* and  to demonatrate adequate GC resolution and MS performance.


7. CALIBRATION

   Demonstration and documentation of initial calibration are required before any
   saaplee are analysed and intermittently throughout sample analyee* aa dictated by
   results of continuing calibration checka.  After initial calibration ia  success-
   fully performed, a continuing calibration check ia required at the beginning and
   end of each 12-h period during which analyses are performed.


   7.1.  INITIAL CALIBRATION

        7.1.1  Calibrate and tune the MS with atandard* aad procedure* prescribed
               by the manufacturer with any neceaaary modification* to meet 08DA
               requir*a*nts.

        7.1.2  Inject a 2-uL aliquot of the  10 ng/uL DTTPP  solution aad  acquire  a
               ease  spectrum that includes data  for m/t 45-450.   If the  apectrum
               doea not meet all u*u*l criteria, the MS mu*t be  hardware tuned to
               meet  all criteria before proceeding with calibration.

        7.1.3  Inject a 2-uL aliquot of the  medium concentration CAL and acquire
               data  from m/s 45 to  510.  Acquire £5 spectra during elution of each
               GC peak.  Total cycle time  ahould be £0.5  •  aad  O.S a.

-------
7.1.4  Performance Criteria

       7.1.4.1  cc performance — baseline  separation of  beta-iHC and
                gaama-BHCt baa* line aeparation  of  andrin  katone and
                chryaana-d12» height of Cl^-PCl peak >80%  bata-iHC peak
                height;  height of chrysene-d^ peak £20%  of tha paak height
                of mathoxyehlor coeluting with  tha Clg-PCB conga nar.  (If
                nathoxychlor and Clg-PCB ara  reaolved, chryaana-d12 paak
                height • £40% of aaeh.)

       7.1.4.2  MS aanaitivity — Signal/noiae  ratio of >S for »/r 499 of
                PCS congener *209, C110-PCB.            *

       7.1.4.3  MS calibration —  Abundance  of >40% and  <_60% of m/t 502
                ralativa to «/x 498 for PCI conganar 12097

       7.1.4.4  Lack of dagradation of andrin.  Exaaina an axtractad ion
                currant prof ila (BICP) for  m/z  67  in tha  ratantion tina
                window batwaan 4,4-OOC and  andoaulfan aulfata; confirm
                that tha abundanca of m/z 67  at tha ratantion tima of
                andrin aldahyda (Saa Figura 1)  is  <10% of  tha abundanca of
                m/z 67 producad by andrin.

       7.1.4.5  Lack of dagradation of 13C12-4,4'-ODT.  Exaaina CZCPa for
                m/z 25S and a/z 247 in tha  ratantion tiaa  window that
                includaa 4,4'-DDD/ 4, 4 '-DM! and 4, 4 '-DOT;  m/z 258 would ba
                producad by 13C12-4,4'DDE,  and  m/z 247 by  ^C^^^'-OOO.
                Confirm that tha total abundanca of both  iona ia <5% of
                m/z 247 producad by 13C12-4,4'-DDT.

7.1.5   Raplicata Xnalyaaa of CALa — Zf all  parformanca  critaria ara mat,
        analyza aach of tha othar four CALa.

7.1.6   Rasponaa Factor Calculation

       7.1.6.1 Calculata fiva raaponaa factors  (KFa) for  aaeh paaticida
               analyta, PCI calibration conganar,  aad aurrogata compound
               ralatira to aithar phananthrana-d^o °£ chryaana-d^-
               (Phananthrana-dio i> uaad for  paaticidaa aluting bafora
               haptachlor apoxida; Chryaana-d^ i* uaad for  all PCBa and
               for haptachlor apoxida and  latar aluting paaticidaa.)
               Uaa standard Zneoa procaduraa  to calculate aach RT:
               whara    AX  •  integrated lea abundance of qoantitation
                               ion for a peetieide« a tCB calibration
                               coneaner or a •urroeate eoapo^id,
                               inteorated ion abundance of a/z 240,  the
                               qoantitation lea when ohryeene-d^ i*
                               as the internal standard or a/s 188,  the
                               qvaatltatloa lea when pheaanthrene-d10
                               is used as the Internal standard,

-------
                                      -7-


                           git •  injected quantity of chrysene-d12 or
                                  phenanthrene-d10,

                           Qx  •  injected quantity of pesticide analyte,  PCS
                                  calibration congener or surrogate compound.

                    Rf is a unitless number, units used to express quantities
                    must be wuivalent.

      7.1.7  Response factor Raproducibility —  for each pesticide analyte,  PCS
             calibration congener and surrogate compound, calculate the mean  Rf
             from analyses of each of the five CALS.  when the USD exceeds 20%,
             analyze additional aliquota of appropriate CALS to obtain an acceptabli
             RSD of Rfs over the entire concentration range, or take action to
             improve CC/MS performance.

      7.1.8  Record a spectrum of each CAL component.  (Background subtraction
             and spectrum averaging may be needed.)  Judge the acceptability  of
             recorded spectra by comparing them to spectra in libraries and by
             using information in Tables 4-6.  If an acceptable spectrum of
             a pesticide analyte or PCB calibration congener is not acquired,
             take necessary actions to correct GC/MS performance.  If performance
             cannot be corrected, report sample extract data for the particular
             compound(s), but document the affected compound(s) and the nature
             of the problem.

7.2.  CONTINUING CALIBRATION CHECK

     7.2.1  with the following procedures, verify initial calibration at the
            beginning and end of each 12-h period during which analyses are to
            be performed.

     7.2.2  Calibrate and tune the MS with  standards and procedures prescribed
            by the manufacturer.

     7.2.3  Analyse a 2-uL aliquot of the DFTVr solution and ensure
            acceptable M calibration and performance.

     7.2.4  Inject a 2-uL aliquot of CAL 13  (Table  3) and analyze with the same
            conditions usad during Initial  Calibration.

     7.2.5  Demonstrate  acceptable performance for  criteria described  in  Sect.
            7.1.4.

     7.2.6  Determine that neither the  area measured  for m/s  240 for chry*ene-d12
            nor  that for m/s  1tt for phenanthrane-d1 Q has decreased by sore than 2 Si
            from the area measured in the  most recent previous analysis of a
            calibration  solution and by more than 50% from  the mean area  measured
            during initial calibration.

     7.2.7  w Reproducibility - For an acceptable Continuing Calibration Check,
            the  measured IV  for  each analyte/surrogata  compound must be within
            +20% of the  mean value calculated (Sect.  7.1.6)  during Initial
            Calibration.  If not, remedial action most be taken; recallbration
            may  be necessary.

-------
                                         •9-
        7.2.t  Remedial actions must be taken if criteria ara not mat; poaaibla
               remedies arai
                       t

               7.2.1.1   check and adjust GC and/or MS operating condition*.

               7.2.a.2   Claan or raplaea injector liner.

               7.2.8.3   Fluah column with aolvant according to manufacturers
                         instructiona.

               7.2.8.4   Braak off 4 ahort portion (approximately 0.33 •) of the
                         column* check column parfomanca by analyaia of performance
                         chack aolution.

               7.2.8.5   Raplaea <3C coluoni parfomanca of all initial calibration
                         procaduraa than required.

               7.2.8.6   Ad^uat MS for greater or laaaar raaolution.

               7.2.8.7   Calibrate MS mast scala.

               7.2.8.8   Parform initial calibration procaduraa.
8. PROCTOUMS
   8.1  GC/MS ANALYSIS

        8.1.1   Remove the sample extract or blank froa storage and allow it to warn
                to ambient laboratory temperature if neceaaary.  With a stream of
                dry, filtered nitrogen, reduce the extract/blank volume to the
                appropriate volume.  Final volume for all blanks and all samples
                except ORO-11 ia 1 mL; final volume for ORD-11 ia 10 mL.  (See
                attached flow chart for axtract preparation scheme for solid samples.)
                If sample OKS-11, add 200 uL of the IS solution! otherwise, add 20 uL
                of the IS solution.  Internal standard concentration • 7.5 ng/uL of
                axtract.

        8.1.2   Inject a 2-uL aliquot of the extract/blank into the GC operated under
                conditions used to produce acceptable reaulta during calibration.

        8.1.3   Acquire mass spectral data with the same data acquiaition time and
                QC/MS operating conditions previously used to determine response
                factors*

        8.1.4   Examine data for saturated ioas ia mass spectra of target compounds,
                if saturation occurred, dilute aad reaaalyse the extract after the
                quantity of the IBs is adjusted appropriately.

        8.1.5   Per each IS, determine that the area measured ia the sample extract
                has not decreased by >25% froa the area measured during the most
                recent previous analyaia of a calibration solution or by  >SO%  from
                the mesa area measured during initial calibration.   If either  criterio
                is not mat, remedial action must be takem to improve sensitivity,
                aad the sample extract aust be reaaalysed.

-------
                                       -9-
1.2  IDCWTIflCATIOW MO NKStJKlNENT  PHOCtDUMS  — Oit  toft war*  for  automated
    identification and eaasuraaent  of  KB* and peeticidea.   (See Uteri'  Guide)

    8.2.1  Uae the grand Man RF calculated during  Initial Calibration.
           CAOTION:  For PCI analyse*  with auteaated  data Intarpratation a
           linear fit algorithm will produce erroneoue concentration  data.

    8.2.2  Examine reeults obtained on the statue report (for  individual
           ccaponenta identified aa PCla)  and  the quantitation report (for
           peaticide analytea) and  PCB isoaor  groupe.  Individual  spectra
           •hould be exaained and cceipared to  appropriate apectra  acquired
           during calibration.

    8.2.2  Report calculated value* to three aignificant figure*.
   1.   Ballachmiter/ K. and M. Zell,  Freaenlua  2.  Anal.  Che«.,  302,  20,  1980.

   2.   Mullin, N. 0.,. C. Pochini,  S.  McCrindie,  M.  Romkea,  S. I.  Safe,  and
       L.  H.  Safe,  "High Resolution PCB Analyaiat   Syntheaia  and  ChrcBatographie
       Properties of All 209 PCB Congener*",  Environ.  Sci.  Technol.  18,  466, 1984.

   3.   Rote,  J. H.  and w. J. Morris,  "Uae of  loatopic  Abundance Ratio*  in
       Identification of Poly chlorinated Biphenyla by  Haas  Spectroaetry",
       J.  Aasoc. Offie. Anal. Chern. 56(1),  188,  1973.

-------
                                      .10-
Table  1.  tecommended QC Operating Condition*
Coluan Type:

Film Thickness:

Coluan Dimension*:

Helium Linear Velocity:
Temperature Program for Splitless
 Injection:
(Analysis time *
 approximately 40 Bin)
   31-54 or 01-5

     £0.25 ua

   30 m X 0.32 mm

    28-29 o/see
     at 250»C

Inject at 80*C and hold 1  min;
increase at 30Vain to 160*C and
hold 1 min; ^.-.crease at 3Vmin to
310«C.
            •3T

Inject at 80•: and hold 1  min; heat
rapidly to 1«0«C and hold  1  min»
increase at 3*/min to 310»C.

-------
                                     • 11-
Tabls 2.  Kl Congeners Ossd as Concentration Calibration Standards
IsoBer Group
                       Congener       Chlorine
                        Number      Substitution
Approx.
 ROT*
  Monochlorobiphtnyl         1

  Dichlorobiphenyl           5

  Trichlorobiphenyl         29

  Tetrachlorobiphenyl       SO

  P«ntachlorobiph«nyl       37

  Hexachlorobiphenyl       154

  Haptachlorobiphenyl      188

  Octachlorobiphenyl       200

  Honachlorobipheny1*

  D«cachlorobiph«nyl       209
                                    2                             0.30

                                    2,3                           0.43

                                    2,4,5                         0.54

                                    2,2',4,6                      Q.S6

                                    2,2',3,4,5'                   0.80

                                    2,2',4,4',5,6'                0.82

                                    2,2',3,4',5,6,6'              0.88

                                    2,2',3,3',4,S'/6,6I           1.03




                                    2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'      1.3
* Retention time relative to ehrysene-d.,. with • 30 ax 0.31 on:
  fused silica capillary eoluan and the following OC conditionsi
                                                              ID SE-54
                                                                splitless
injection at 80»Ci hold for 1 aim heat rapidly to 160«C and hold 1 min;
increase at 3*C/sdn to 310«C.
  Decachloroblphenyl is used as the calibration congener for both nona-
  and decacfalorofciphenyl isosier groups*

-------
                                      -13-
Ttbl« 4. Known Ml*tiv«  Abund>nc«a  of  Zone  in KB Molecular Zen Cluatera
  m/z
           Zntenaltv
Monochloroblphenyla
   188         100
   189          13.5
   190          33.4
   192          4.41

Dichlorobiphanyla
   222         100
   223          13.5
   224          66.0
   225          8.82
   226          11.2
   227          1.44

Trichlorobiphanyla
   256         100
   257          13.5
   258          96.6
   259          13.2
   260          32.7
   261          4.31
   262          3.73
   263          0.47

T«tr«chlorobiphenyla
   290          76.2
   291          10.3
   292         100
   293          13.4
   294          49.4
   295          6.57
   296          11.0
   297          1.43
   298          0.9S

P«ntachlorobdpfcenyla
   324          61.0
  325          8.26
   326         100
  327          13.S
  32S          65.7
  329          8.71
  330          21.7
  331          2.84
  332          3.62
  333          0.47-^
  334          0.25
 i/x
Relative
Zntenaity
                              Kexachlorobiphenyla
                                358         50.9
                                359          6.89
                                360        100
                                361         13.5
                                362         82.0
                                363         11.0
                                364         36.0
                                365          4.77
                                366          8.92
                                367          1.17
                                368          1.20
                                369          0.15

                              Hepta chlorobipheny la
Relative
Znteneity
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
                                            43.7
                                             5.91
                                           100
                                            13.5
                                            98.3
                                            13.2
                                            53.8
                                             7. 16
                                            17.7
                                             2.34
                                             3.52
                                             0.46
                                             0.40
                             Octachlorobiphenyla
                               426          33.4
                               427           4.51
                               428          87.3
                               429          11.8
                               430         100
                               431          13.4
                               432          65.6
                               433           8.76
                               434          26.9
                               435           3.57
                               436           7. 10
                               437           0.93
                               438           I.It
                               439           0.15
                               440           0.11
                  Nonachlorobiphanyla
                    460         26.0
                    461          3.51
                    462         76.4
                    463         10.3
                    464        100
                    465         13.4
                    466         76.4
                    467         10.2
                    468         37.6
                    469          S.OO
                    470         12.4
                    471          1.63
                    472          2.72
                    473          0.35
                    474          0.39

                  Decachlorobiphenyl
                    494         20.8
                    495          2.81
                    496         68.0
                    497          9.17
                    498        100
                    499         13.4
                    500         87.3
                    501         11.7
                    502         50.0
                    503          6.67
                    504         19.7
                    505          2.61
                    506          5.40
                    507          0.71
                    508          1.02
                    509          0.13
Sources J. N. Mote and V. J. Horria,  J.  Aaaoc. Offic.  Anal.
                                                                   56,  186,  1973.

-------
                                     -14-
Tabl* 9.  Suantitation,  Confirmation, and Interference Check lent for K3«.
           Internal Standard*, and Surrogate Coapounda

                                                                     M-70   Interftn
Analyte/  Approx.    Men.   Qjant.  Confirm.  Cxpaeted    Accept.  Confirm.  Checkli
IS/Surr. R*T Man?*    HW     ion      Ion       Ratio*    Ratio*     ion    M+70   *
PCS laomer Group
"1
«2
«3
"4
"5
"6
C17
«•
C19
Clio
Internal
0.30-0.35
0.38-0.50
0.46-0.64
0.55-0.82
0.64-C.92
0.75-1.1
0.88-1.2
0.99-1.21
1.16-1.28
1.3
standard
Chrys«ne-d12
Phe nanthr ene-d^ Q
188
222
256
290
324
358
392
426
460
494

240
188
188
222
256
292
326
360
394
430
464
498

240
188
190
224
258
290
324
362
396
428
466
500

241
189
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

5
6
.0
.5
.0
.3
.6
.2
.0
.1
.3
.1

.1
.6
2.
1.
0.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
1.
0.

4.
6.
5-3
3-1
8-1
1-1
4-1
0-1
8-1
9-1
1-1
9-1

3-5
0-7
.5
.7
.2
.5
.8
.4
.2
.3
.5
.3

.9
.2
152b 256
152 292
186 326
220 360
254 394
288 430
322 464
356 498
390
424

-
22
25
29
32
36
39
43
46
41
•

-
Surrogate compound

13C'-J
UBB-8K
1,4 '•DOT
294
364
187
247
189
249

1

.5
1.
1-1
1.2-1
.4
.8
.
- -
.
«
• Ratio of quaatitatioa ion to conf ixMtioa ion
b MooodichloroMpheayls love Kl to produce an lea at •/• 152*

-------
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-------

-------
                              APPENDIX B





                             ASH RESULTS
R339911

-------
              (ZA) ASH
CAMPLE NUMBER:
liUJUTION FACTOR:
LJESCRIPTION:
UNITS:
ZA AH 001

ASH
UG/KG
ZA AH UW.
ASH
ZA AH 003
1
ASH
UU/KG
ZA AH-003D
20
ASH
UG/KG
                                             ZA AH-004
                                             ASH
ZA-AH-005
                                                            ASH
*** BASE/NEUTRALS ***

 PP    CAS NO       COMPOUND
66B  117-81-7   BIS(2-ETHYLHBXYL)PHTHALATE         NA
69B  117-84-0   DI N-OCTYL PHTHAIATB               HA
68B  84-74-2    DI-N-BUTYL PHTHAUTK               NA
                NA
                NA
                NA
                               250000
                2000T
                430JB
                               NA
                               NA
                               NA
                               NA
                               NA
                               NA

-------
                    IZA)  ASH
     P.AMPLK NUMBER:
     HILUT10N FACTOR:
     DESCRIPTION:
     UNITS:
ZA All 001

ASH
ZA All 002

ASH
     *«* ACIDS »+*

      PP    CAS NO       OOMPCHIND




             NO PARAMETERS DETECTED FOR THIS CATEGORY
ZA All 003

ASH
IKi/KC
ZA All 0031)
                                                                                                       IIC/KC
                ZA  All 004

                ASH
ZA-AH-005

ASH
CO
ro

-------
                 (ZA)  ASH
   SAMPLE  NUMBER:
   DILUTION  FACTOR:
   DESCRIPTION:
   UNITS:
   ***  PESTICIDES  ***

    PP     CAS  NO       COMPOUND


                   DICHLOROBIPHBNYL
ZA-AH-001

ASH
UG/KG
 NA
ZA-AH-002

ASH
ZA-AH-003

ASH
UG/KG
ZA-AH-003D

ASH
UG/KG
ZA-AH-004

ASH
ZA-AH-005

ASH
                NA
                107
                                              NA
                               NA
                               NA
<*>

-------
                        (ZA) ASH
           SAMPLE NUMBER:
           DILUTION FACTOR:
           DESCRIPTION:
           UNITS:
00
 I
2378 TCDD
TOTAL TCDD
2378 TCDF
TOTAL TCDF
12378 PeCDD
TOTAL PeCDD
12378 PeCDF
23478 PeCDF
TOTAL PeCDF
123478 HxCDD
123678 HxCDD
123789 HxCDD
TOTAL HxCDD
123478 HxCDF
123678 HxCDF
1237B9 HxCDF
234678 HxCDF
TOTAL HxCDF
1234678 HpCDD
TOTAL HpCDD
1234678 HpCDF
1234789 HpCDF
TOTAL HpCDF
OCDD
OCDF
ZA AH-001
ASH
ZA-AH-002
ASH
ZA-AH-003
ASH
ZA-A1I-003D
ASH
ZA-AH-0M
ASH
ZA AH-005
ASH
10
216
263
1951
33
350
61
46
591
12
17
28
211
74
131
36
5
527
159
299
139
8
19B
313
66
      Dioxin  Results  are  in pg/g

      Note:   Only 1 Ash Sample Fran This Facility Has Analyzed  For  Dioxins.

-------
                           (ZA) ASH
             SAMPLE NIIHBER:
             PIUITIOH FACTOR:
             OESCRIITION:
             UNITS:
ZA AM 00!

ASM
MG/Kti
ZA All 002

ASH
MU/KG
ZA All 003

ASH
MG/KG
   All -0030
ASH
ZA AII-004

ASH
HO/KG
ZA-AH-006

ASH
MG/KG
CO
 i
01
             *<* INORGANICS ***

              HP    CAS NO       OOMPOUND
3
4
6
8
JO
11
12
14
IS
19
20
24
ARSENIC
BARIUM
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COPPER
IRON
I .BAD
MANGANESE
MERCURY
SILVER
SODIUM
ZINC
 50
 529
 43
 93
 1420
 63300
 1580
 1020
 10.4
 4.8
 10200
 6900
 4(10
 41
 90
 7360
 57400
 1180
 835
 22.9
 5.0
 9970
 4310
 51
 554
 56
 79
 1160
 48600
 1820
 849
 25.1
 8.7
 11000
 6600
                 45
                 523
                 32
                 64
                 994
                 44100
                 1480
                 1360
                 16.9
                 4.1
                 9350
                 4740
                37
                436
                41
                55
                946
                46000
                1660
                587
                18.0
                7.9
                10400
                4540

-------
              (ZA) ASH
SAMPLE NUMBER:
DIUJTION FACTOR:
DESCRIPTION:
UNITS:
ZA-AH-001

ASH
MG/KG
ZA AH-002

ASH
MG/KG
ZA-AH 003

ASH
MG/KG
ZA AH-003D

ASH
ZA-AH-004

ASH
MG/KG
ZA-AH-005

ASH
MG/KG
*** GEOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS ***

 PP    CAS NO       COMPOUND
                PH
                MOISTURE CONTENT X
                TOC
                TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS
                AMMONIA
                NITRATE
                ORTHO PHOSPHATE
                TOTAL ALKALINITY
                CHLORIDE
                SULFATE
                ALUMINUM OXIDE X
                CALCIUM OXIDE X
                MAGNESIUM OXIDE X
                POTASSIUM MONOXIDE X
                SILICON DIOXIDE X
 11.83
 0.9
 18100
 52400
 4.47
 2.86
 <0.05
 7540
 18300
 5020
 ft.52
 20.5
 1.38
 1.20
 22.4
 11.85
 1.9
 22000
 49800
 2.89
 2.29
 <.0.05
 8000
 17800
 4800
 9.37
 20.3
 1.33
 1.10
 22.2
 11.79
 1.6
 11400
 50400
 5.98
 2.22
 <0.05
 7730
 23700
 6100
 9.0
 22.2
 1.31
 1.24
 21.9
                11.80
                1.1
                23400
                46500
                11.5
                2.54
                <0.05
                8100
                19100
                4620
                9.23
                15.1
                1.50
                1.20
                27.3
                11.68
                1.7
                35600
                48400
                5.98
                4.23
                <0.05
                8050
                16300
                3770
                9.85
                18.4
                1.21
                1.15
                43.8

-------
              (ZB) ASH
SAMPLE NUMBER:
IULUTION FACTOR:
DESCRIPTION:
UNITS:
ZB-AH 001
ASH
UG/KG
ZB AH 002
Af.H
ZB-AH -003
ASH
ZB AH 004
ASH
ZB AH-005
ASH
+** BASE/NEUTRALS ***

 PP    CAS NO       OOMPOUND


66B  117 81 7   B1S(2 ETHYLHEXYDPHTHAUTE         610JB          NA             NA             NA             NA

-------
              (ZB) ASH
SAMPLE NUMBER:
DILUTION FACTOR:
DESCRIPTION:
UNITS:
ZB-AH-001

ASH
UG/KG
*** ACIDS ***

 PP    CAS NO       OQMPOUND




        NO PARAMETERS DETECTED FOR THIS CATBOORY
ZB AH-002

ASH
ZB AH 003

ASH
ZB AH 004

ASH
ZB AH-005

ASH
  00

-------
                               (ZB) ASH
                 SAMPLE NUMBER:
                 DILUTION FACTOR:
                 DESCRIPTION:
                 UNITS:
ZB A}] 001
ASH
ZP-AH 002
ASH
ZB AH -003
ASH
ZB AH 004
ASH
ZB Ail 005
ASK
1"
10
 2378 TCDD
 TOTAL TCDD
 2378 TCDF
 TOTAL TCDF
 12378 PeCDD
 TOTAL PeCDD
 12378 PeCDF
 23478 PeCDF
 TOTAL PeCDF
 123478 HxCDD
 123678 HxCDD
 123789 HxCDD
 TOTAL HxCDD
 123478 HxCDF
 123678 HxCDF
 123789 HxCDF
 234678 HxCDF
 TOTAL HxCDF
 1234678 HpCDD
 TOTAL.HpCDD
 1234678 HpCDF
 1234789 HpCDF
TOTAL HpCDF
OCDD
OCDF
24
375
617
4338
118
877
194
162
1883
40
34
79
495
330
524
127
54
1980
319
607
539
48
784
544
243
      Dioxin  Results are In pg/g

-------
                           (ZB) ASH
            SAMPLE NUMBER:
            UILUTION FACTOR:
            DESCRIPTION:
            UNITS:
ZB All 001

ASM
MC/KG
7.B All 002

ASK
MO/KG
ZB All 003

ASH
MG/KG
ZB-AII 004

ASH
MG/KG
ZB AH 005

ASH
MG/KG
            *** INORGANICS ***

             PP    CAS NO       COMPOUND
5
.1
4
6
a
10
11
12
14
15
18
19
20
24
ARSENIC
BARIUM
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COPPER
IRON
LEAD
MANGANESE
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SILVER
SODIUM
ZINC
 28
 484
 52
 53
 9330
 18800
 1070
 508
 8.2
 5.7
 6.9
 6200
 8580
 45
 322
 152
 74
 1370
 19300
 1630
 559
 11

 9.4
 9210
 6480
 31
 1000
 64
 67
 674
 13600
 1490
 622
 7.7

 6.0
 8940
 4360
 56
 260
 57
 118
 842
 21500
 1420
 846
 8.0

 10
 9810
 15800
 54
 283
 58
 65
 4440
 22200
 1740
 515
 12

 5.4
 10600
 6450

-------
              (ZB) ASH
SAMPI.E NUMBER:
DILUTION FACTOR:
DESCRIPTION:
UNITS:
ZB-AH-001

ASH
MG/KG
ZB-AH 002

ASH
MG/KG
ZB AH-003

ASH
MG/KG
ZB-AH-004

ASH
MG/KG
ZB-AH-005

ASH
MG/KG
*** GEOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS ***

 PP    CAS NO       COMPOUND
                P«
                MOISTURE CONTENT X
                TOC
                TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS
                AMMONIA
                NITRATE
                ORTHO PHOSPHATE
                TOTAL ALKALINITY
                CHLORIDE
                SULFATB
                ALUMINUM OXIDE X
                CALCIUM OXIDE X
                MAGNESIUM OXIDE X
                POTASSIUM MONOXIDE X
                SILICON DIOXIDE X
 11.48
 4.5
 14600
 36700
 3.69
 2.65
 <0.05
 4520
 18600
 963
 8.46
 19.4
 1.40
 0.941
 2fl.9
 10.91
 5.1
 29600
 65800
 10.6
 2.75
 <0.05
 1590
 44200
 764
 10.3
 22.3
 1.62
 0.827
 22.1
 11.49
 2.7
 22800
 44000
 3.93
 1.45
 <0.05
 5150
 19500
 3130
 9.35
 21.2
 1.45
 0.938
 29.4
 11.59
 3.8
 29400
 45300
 4.85
 2.09
 <0.05
 6650
 26000
 2440
 9.26
 20.6
 1.54
 0.912
 28.2
 11.67
 8.8
 17000
 55300
 4.76
 2 67
 <0.05
 6320
 31400
 1340
 7.39
 25.7
 1.19
 O.R66
 19.0

-------
              (ZC) ASH
SAMPLE NUMBER:
IUUJTION FACTOR:
DESCRIPTION:
UNITS:
+** BASE/NEUTRALS *»*

 PP    CAS NO       OOHPOUND
66B  117-81-7
6flB  84-74 2
BIS( 2-KTHYlHHXYUPHTHAUTE
DI-N-BUTYL PHTHAUTB
ZC AH-001
ASH
NA
NA
ZC AH 002
ASH
NA
NA
ZC AH 003
1
ASH
UO/KG
310JB
400JB
ZC AH 004
ASH
NA
NA
ZC-AH-005
ASH
NA
NA
   f
   K-»
   ro

-------
              (ZC) ASH
SAMPU NUMBER:
HU.UTION FACTOR:
liEHCRlPTION:
UNITS:
ZC AH-001

AKH
ZC AH 002

Af,H
*** AC I [G ***

 PP    CAS NO       COMPOUND
ZC AH 003

ASH
UG/KG
ZC AH-004

ASH
ZC-AH-005

ASH
        NO PARAMETERS DETECTED FOR THIS CATEGORY

-------
                       (ZC) ASH
          SAMPLE NUMBER:
          DILUTION FACTOR:
          DESCRIPTION:
          UNITS:
                          2378 TCDD
                          TOTAL TCDD
                          2378 TCDF
                          TOTAL TCDF
                          12378 PeCDD
                          TOTAL PeCDD
                          12378 PeCDF
                          23478 PeCDF
                          TOTAL PeCDF
                          123478 HxCDD
                          123678 HxCDD
                          123789 HxCDD
                          TOTAL HxCDD
                          123478 HxCDF
                          123678 HxCDF
                          123789 HxCDF
                          23467B HxCDF
                          TOTAL HxCDF
                          1234678 HpCDD
                          TOTAL HpCDD
                          1234678 HpCDF
                          1234789 HpCDF
                          TOTAL HpCDF
                          OCDD
                          OCDF
ZC-AH-001

AGH
ZC-AH-002

ASH
ZC-AH 003

ASH
                               1C
                               297
                               236
                               1444
                               71
                               1122
                               64
                               56
                               727
                               66
                               90
                               120
                               1201
                               218
                               279
                               193
                               70
                               139f.
                               1849
                               3360
                               653
                               83
                               990
                               6!)06
                               563
ZC All-004

ASH
ZC AH 005

ACH
Dloxin Results  are in  pg/g

-------
                         (ZC) ASH
          : .ANI'LE NUMBER:
          DIIAJTION  FACTOR:
          INSCRIPTION:
          UNITS:
ZC All 001

ASM
HG/KG
ZC All 002

ASH
MG/KG
ZC All 003

ASH
MG/KG
ZC AH 004

ASH
MG/KG
ZC AH -00!>

ASH
MG/KG
          ***  INORGANICS ***

           PP    CAS NO        COMPOUND
VI
3
4
6
8
10
11
12
14
10
19
20
24
ARSENIC
BARIUM
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COPPER
IRON
LEAD
MANGANESE
MERCURY
SILVER
SODIUM
ZINC
 31
 213
 42
 51
 1150
 21300
 23BO
 1200
 1.8
 8.8
 8630
 4660
 36
 193
 49
 53
 524
 20000
 2580
 826
 1.1
 12
 8940
 7170
 30
 248
 52
 57
 4470
 23500
 1760
 898
 2.3
 5.8
 7940
 4390
 28
 314
 47
 45
 758
 22100
 2630
 565
 3.2
 5.6
 8040
 4180
 29
 331
 48
 48
 547
 25000
 1710
 518
 17
 6.0
 7370
 4110

-------
              (ZC) ASH
SAMPLE NUMBER:
DIUmON FACTOR:
DESCRIPTION:
UNITS:
ZC-AH-001

ASH
MG/KG
ZC-AH 002

ASH
MG/KG
ZC-AH-003

ASH
MG/KG
ZC-AH-004

ASH
MG/KG
ZC-AH-005

ASH
MG/KG
*** GEOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS ***

 PP    CAS NO       COMPOUND
                pH
                MOISTURE CONTENT X
                TOC
                TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS
                AMMONIA
                NITRATE
                ORTHO PHOSPHATE
                TOTAL ALKALINITY
                CHLORIDE
                SULFATE
                ALUMINUM OXIDE X
                CALCIUM OXIDE %
                MAGNESIUM OXIDE X
                POTASSIUM MONOXIDE X
                SILICON DIOXIDE X
 11.75
 1.0
 9020
 24600
 1.49
 6.46
 <0.05
 2690
 5160
 7670
 8.64
 9.7
 1.02
 0.875
 62.9
 11.82
 1.5
 12300
 22000
 1.86
 0.11
 <0.05
 2970
 3870
 5900
 7.96
 11.4
 1.17
 1.07
 53.8
 11.58
 2.0
 14100
 23600
 1.40
 0.09
 <0.05
 1210
 4180
 7400
 6.67
 10.8
 1.3
 1.04
 48.4
 11.82
 0.6
 9830
 23000
 1.33
 0.14
 <0.05
 2840
 5860
 9060
 6.65
 10.3
 1.08
 1.03
 57.0
 11.74
 1.4
 17800
 26100
 2.10
 0.28
 <0.05
 3040
 5280
 10300
 5.93
 10.6
 1.11
 0.992
 49.5

-------
              (ZD) ASH
.SAMPLE NUMBER:
DILUTION FACTOR:
DESCRIPTION:
UNITS:
                                  ZD-AH 001

                                  ASH
              ZD-AH 002

              ASH
              1
              ASH
              UG/KG
              ZD AH 004

              ASH
              ZfrAH 005

              ASH
*»* BASE/NEUTRAI£ ***

 PP    CAS NO       COMPOUND
66B  117-81-7
68B  84 74-2
39B  206 44-0
H1B  85-01-8
BIS(2 ETHYLHKXYDPHTHALATE
DI-N-BUTYL PHTHAIATE
FLUORANTHENE
PHENANTHRENE
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
390JB
270J
170J
310J
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

-------
              (ZD) ASH
SAMPLE NUMBER:
DILUTION FACTOR:
DESCRIPTION:
UNITS:
zn AH-001

ASH
ZD AH 002

ASH
Zl> AH 003

ASH
DO/KG
ZD--AH-004

ASH
ZD AH 005

ASH
*** ACIDS ***

 PP    CAS NO       COMPOUND




        NO PARAMETERS DETECTED FOR THIS CATEGORY
  T

-------
                      (Zf>) ASH
         SAMPLE NUMBER:
         DILUTION FACTOR:
         DESCRIPTION:
         UNITS:
T
 2378 TCDD
 TOTAL TCDD
 2378 TCDF
 TOTAL TCDF
 12378 PeCDD
 TOTAL PeCDD
 12378 PeCDF
 23478 PeCDF
 TOTAL PeCDF
 123478 HxCDD
 123678 HxCDD
 123789 HxCDD
 TOTAL HxCDD
 123478 HxCDF
 123678 HxCDF
 123789 HxCDF
 234678 HxCDF
 TOTAL HxCDF
 1234678 HfCDD
 TOTAL HpCDD
 1234678 HpCDF
 12347B9 HpCDF
TOTAL HpCDF
OCDD
OCDF
                                  Z[>~AH
                                  ASH
Zl> Ail- 002

ASH
ZI' AH-003

ASH
              35
              576
              626
              3259
              ND
              1910
              151
              171
              2058
              86
              148
              194
              1281
              654
              660
              479
              124
              3603
              1555
              2939
              1842
              119
              2345
              4519
              893
ZP AH-004

ASH
ZD-AH-005

ASH
      Dioxln  Results  are  in pg/g

      Note:   Only 1 Ash Sample From This Facility  Was Analyzed  For  Dioxins.

-------
               (ZD) ASH
SAMPLE NUMBER:
DILUTION FACTOR:
INSCRIPTION:
UNITS:
2I> All 001

ASH
MG/KG
Zl> All 00?.

Af.ll
Mt;/K(!
ZD All-003

ASH
MO/KG
ZD AII-004

ASH
MC./KC
ZD All-005

ASH
MG/KG
*** INORGANICS ***

 PP    CAS NO       COMPOUND
3
4
6
8
10
11
12
14
15
16
19
20
24
ARSENIC
BARIUM
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COPPER
IRON
LEAD
MANGANESE
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SILVER
SODIUM
ZINC
                                                    30
                                                    411
                                                    51
                                                    B7
                                                    1060
                                                    34600
                                                    4090
                                                    574
                                                    0.91
                                                    2.9
                                                    7.5
                                                    6050
                                                    5660
                54
                440
                66
                199
                960
                37100
                5040
                609
                1.6

                9.4
                6480
                6560
                43
                545
                6!)
                70
                1490
                27400
                2980
                616
                2.1
                3.1
                11
                6500
                8000
                44
                434
                42
                54
                959
                31100
                2860
                965
                0.55
                3.9
                6.3
                6100
                4930
                36
                432
                39
                52
                1800
                22900
                22400
                636
                0.97
                3.2
                76
                5890
                4260

-------
              (ZD> ASH
SAMPLE NUMBER:
DILUTION FACTOR:
DESCRIPTION:
UNITS:
                                  ZD-AH 001

                                  ASH
                                  IK;/KG
              ZD-AH 002

              ASH
              MG/KG
              ZD-AH-003

              ASH
              MG/KG
              ZD-AH-004

              ASH
              MG/KG
              ZD-AH-005

              ASH
              MG/KG
*** GBOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS ***

 PP    CAS NO       COMPOUND
  no
MOISTURE CONTENT X
TOC
TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS
AMMONIA
NITRATE
ORTHO PHOSPHATE
TOTAL ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
SULFATE
ALUMINUM OXIDE X
CALCIUM OXIDE X
MAGNESIUM OXIDE X
POTASSIUM MONOXIDE X
SILICON DIOXIDE X
10.69
0.4
25800
6850
1.00
1.59
<0.05
852
1270
2220
12
11
2.0
1.4
35
10.60
1.6
30000
13200
1.04
1.14
0.05
558
2190
5580
12
11
1.9
1.1
37
10.51
1.2
52100
6440
1.02
0.44
0.05
786
766
1680
13
10
2.2
0.79
35
10.36
1.2
11400
8740
0.90
0.96
0.05
852
654
2360
9.9
12
2.2
1.1
32
10.46
0.9
53200
7150
1.08
0.72
0.05
922
869
1800
11
11
1.8
0.98
36

-------
              (ZE) ASH
KAMPU NUMBER:
DILUTION FACTOR:
DESCRIPTION:
UNITS:
ZE-AH-001      ZE-AH 002       ZE AH-003      ZE AH-004      ZE-AH-005


ASH            ASH            ASH            ASH            ASH
*** BASE/NEUTRALS ***


 PP    CAS NO       COMPOUND
        NO PARAMETERS DETECTED FOR THIS CATEGORY

-------
              (ZE) ASH
SAMPLE NUMBER:
DILUTION FACTOR:
DESCRIPTION:
UNITS:
ZE-AH-001

ASH
ZE AH-002

AiiH
ZE-AH-003

ASH
ZE-AH-004

ASH
ZE AH-005

ASH
»*+ ACIDS ***

 PP    CAS NO       COMPOUND
        NO PARAMETERS DETECTED FOR THIS CATEGORY

-------
(ZE) ASH
SAMPLE NUMBER:
DILUTION FACTOR:
DESCRIPTION:
UNITS:
*** PESTICIDES ***
PP CAS NO COMPOUND
ZE-AH-001 ZE-AH-002 ZE-AH-003 ZE-AH-004 ZE-AH-005
ASH ASH ASH ASH ASH

  DICHLOROBIPHENYL
NA
                                                    NA
                              98
                                                                                  NA
                                                                                                 NA

-------
             (ZE) ASH
SAMIi.t UunuER:
DILUTION FACTOR:
DESCRIPTION:
UNITS:
               2378 TCDD
               TOTAL TCDD
               2378 TCDF
               TOTAL TCDF
               12378 PeCDD
               TOTAL PeCDD
               12378 PeCDF
               23478 PeCDF
               TOTAL PeCDF
               123478 HxCDD
               123678 HxCDD
               123789 HxCDD
               TOTAL HxCDD
               123478 HxCDF
               123678 HxCDF
               123789 HxCDF
               234678 HxCDF
               TOTAL HxCDF
               1234678 HpCDD
               TOTAL HpCDD
               1234678 HpCDF
               1234789 HpCDF
               TOTAL HpCDF
               OCDD
               OCDF
ZE-AH-001

ASH
ZE-AH-00L'

ASH
ZE-AH-003

ASH
                              10
                              130
                              176
                              1312
                              35
                              283
                              52
                              43
                              543
                              11
                              11
                              22
                              148
                              95
                              134
                              45
                              20
                              574
                              !'?'>
                              122
                              155
                              16
                              215
                              294
                              59
ZE-AH-004

ASH
ZE-AH-005

ASH
  Dioxln Results are in pg/g

  Note:   Only  1 Ash Sample  Fr«n This Facility Has Analyzed For Dioxins.

-------
              (ZE) ASH
SAMPUJ NUMBER:
DILUTION FACTOR:
DESCRIPTION:
UNITS:
ZE AH (101

ASH
MG/KG
ZE AH 002

ASH
MG/KG
ZE-AH 003

ASH
MG/KG
Zfi Alt 004

ASH
MG/KG
ZE-AH 005

ASH
MG/KG
*** INORGANICS ***

 PP    CAS NO       COMPOUND
3
4
6
0
10
11
12
H
15
10
19
20
24
ARSENIC
BARIUM
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COPPER
IRON
LEAD
MANGANESE
MERCURY
SEIJJNIUM
SILVER
SODIUM
ZINC
                                                   16
                                                   407
                                                   34
                                                   665
                                                   990
                                                   34600
                                                   1550
                                                   593
                                                   76

                                                   44
                                                   6750
                                                   B2BO
                17
                491
                35
                71
                1300
                43000
                1380
                640
                4.7

                5.6
                6410
                3530
                19
                505
                38
                87
                1820
                45100
                1170
                531
                13

                5.4
                7500
                3600
                15
                391
                37
                67
                1500
                40200
                1170
                598
                4.8
                4.7
                13
                5880
                3400
                20
                792
                18
                70
                930
                33900
                1600
                581
                3.2

                11
                7700
                2120

-------
              (ZB) ASH
SAMPLE NUMBER:
DILUTION FACTOR:
DESCRIPTION:
UNITS:
                                  ZE-AH-001

                                  ASH
                                  MG/KG
              ZE AH-002

              ASH
              MG/KG
              ZE-AH-003

              ASH
              MG/KG
              ZE-AH-004

              ASH
              MG/KG
              ZE-AH-005

              ASH
              MG/KG
*** GEOCHEM1CAL PARAMETERS ***

 PP    CAS MO       COMPOUND
  r
MOISTURE CONTEHT X
TOC
TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS
AMMONIA
NITRATE
ORTHO PHOSPHATE
TOTAL ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
SULFATB
ALUMINUM OXIDE %
CALCIUM OXIDE %
MAGNESIUM OXIDE X
POTASSIUM MONOXIDE X
SILICON DIOXIDE X
11.61
2.5
34000
22900
5.05
2.90
<0-05
3490
9220
2190
11
I!
2 0
1.2
31
11.69
1.9
8920
25900
3.64
3.19
<0.05
4710
10900
1500
9.7
14
1.6
1.2
31
11.71
1.4
4060
35500
8.69
4.51
<0.05
2990
14100
2790
10
13
1.9
1.4
35
11.40
1.3
7290
26100
7.32
4.10
<0.05
7310
10400
2530
10
14
1.8
0.95
30
11.82
0.6
43300
11200
2.77
4.23
<0.05
7590
7550
2270
10
13
1.6
1.0
32

-------

-------
                               APPENDIX C





                           LEACHATE RESULTS





                         (FACILITIES ZB, ZC( ZD, ZE)
R339911

-------
               
-------
               (ZB)  LEACHATE
SAMPLE NUMBER:
lilUrt'lON  FACTOR:
I'KtXWHTION.
UNITS:
7.U LK 001

1.EACHATE
ZB I.E W>2

I.EACHATE
«*• ACIDS *»*

 PP    CAG NO        COMPOUND
        NO PARAMETERS DETECTED FOR THIS CATEGORY
   O
   IM

-------
                             LEACJIATK
            SAMPLE NllhDER:
            I'llAJTION FACTOR:
            hKSCKIITION:
            UNITS:
7.11 LK 001

I.KACMATK
KG/I.
ZH I.K 002

I.KACI1ATK
IKi/l.
O
CO
            • ««  1NORUAN1CS ***

             f'P     CAR NO       COMPOUND
1
4
6
7
10
11
13
14
17
20
VA

AUIHINUH
BARIUM
CAIW1IH
CAUJIUM
COPPER
IRON
MAUNES1UH
MANUANESB
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
ZINC
SILICON
                                                                 9220
                                                                 40
 88
 840
 17300
 17600
 1620000
 24SOOOO
 8.3
 31W)
                 19
                 04

                 112000
 lf.700
 6 7
 10900
 14000
 7 !.
 3!.UO

-------
              (ZB) LEACHATE
SAMPLE NUMBER:
DILUTION FACTOR:
DESCRIPTION:
UNITS:
ZB LE 001

LEACHATE
MG/L
ZB LE-002

LEACHATE
MG/L
*** GBOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS ***

 PP    CAS NO       COMPOUND
                TOC                                30.0
                AMMONIA                            4.18
                NITRATE                            0.45
                ORTHO PHOSPHATE                    0.01
                TOTAL ALKALINITY                   65.0
                SULFATE                            171
                TDS                                40600
                FIELD PH                           6.5
                SPECIFIC CONDUCTIVITY UMHOS/CM     >10000
                TEMPERATURE (C)                    9
                10.6
                <0.05
                0.01
                <0.01
                154
                197
                535
                6.5
                880
                5

-------
              (ZC) LKACHATE
SAMPLE NUMBER:
DILUTION FACTOR:
DESCRIPTION:
UNITS:
ZC^LE-001

LEACHATE
ZC 14-002

LBACHATK
*** BASE/NEUTRALS ***

 PP    CAS NO       COMPOUND




        NO PARAHKTERS DETECTED FOR THIS CATEGORY
 t/i

-------
              (ZC) LEACHATE
SAMPLE NUMBER:
DILUTION FACTOR:
INSCRIPTION:
UNITS:
ZC LE 001

LKACHATE
7.C I.E 002

LEACHATK
*** ACIDS ***

 PP    CAS NO       OOMPOUND




        NO PARAMETERS DETECTED FOR THIS CATEGORY
   O
   Ot

-------
               (ZC) LEACHATE
SAMPLE NUMBER:
DILUTION  FACTOR:
DESCRIPTION:
UNITS:
»«* INORGANICS ***

 I1»    CAS  NO       COMPOUND
4
7
11
12
13
14
17
20
24

BARIUM
CALCIUM
IRON
LEAD
MAGNBSIUM
MANCANKSK
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
ZINC
SILICON
ZC IJs (K)l

I.EACIIATB
UG/l.
ZC I.E 002

I.KACI1ATE
IKJ/I.
7.8
64600
10H

22600
493
79700
188000
13
4570
00
65800
no
34
23000
501
81200
191000
9 0
4840

-------
              (ZC) LBACHATB
SAMPLE NUMBER:                           •         ZC LK 001      ZC LE 002
DILUTION FACTOR:
DESCRIPTION:                                      LEACHATE       LEACHATB
UNITS:                                            MG/L           MG/l.
*•** QEOCHKMICAL PARAMETERS ***

 PP    CAS NO       COMPOUND
                TOC                                47.2           49.3
                AMMONIA                            68.2           77.4
                NITRATE                            0.40           0.41
                ORTHO PHOSPHATE                    <0.01          <0.01
                TOTAL ALKALINITY                   560            566
                SULFATE                            14.6           14.4
                TDS                                924            932
                FIELD PH                           6.9
   7>           SPECIFIC CONDUCTIVITY W«OS/CM     1800
   00           TEMPERATURE (O                    21

-------
               (ZD)  LEACHATE
SAMPLE NUMBER:
UlumON FACTOR:
DESCRIPTION:
UNITS:
Zl> LE-001

LEACHATE
ZD LE 002

I.EACHATE
Zl>-LE 003

LEACHATE
**» BASE/NEUTRALS ***

 PP    CAS NO       COMPOUND




        NO PARAMETERS DETECTED FOR THIS CATEGORY
 O
 to

-------
              
-------
              (ZD) LEACHATB
SAMPLE NUHBER:
DILUTION FACTOR:
(CSCRIFTION:
UNITS:
»»» INORGANICS ***

 PP    CAS NO       OGHPOUND
4
7
10
11
13
14
17
20
24

BARIUM
CALCIUM
OOPPIR
IRON
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
ZINC
SILICON
ZD-LE 001

UiACllATE
UG/L
ZD
      002
I-EAOIATE
UO/L
ZD LE 003

I.KAOIATE
IKJ/L
40
477000
12
187
345000
795
636000
2480000
8.7
15300
18
386000
46
523
367000
718
229000
1340000

8760
38
470000
7.3
211
340000
857
632000
2580000
5.2
14900

-------
              
TOG
AMMONIA
NITRATE
ORTHO PHOSPHATE
TOTAL ALKALINITY
BULPATE
TD6       ,
FIELD PH *"
SPECIFIC CONDUCTIVITY UMHOS/CM
TEMPERATURE 1C)
28.8
4.38
0.04
0.24
709
4920
12700
flU
> 10000
30
30.7
28 4
<0.01
0.17
744
4140
8030
9400
19
                NA
                NA
                <0.01
                0.22
                711
                5080
                13000

                >10000
                30

-------
                (7.t) It'U'llAI't.
SAMI'U  NUMHtH:
HI I 111 ION KA( TDK:
|)|-S( KITTION:
I'M IS:
***  BASK/NEUTRALS ***

 I')'     CAS NO       COMIHHJNI)
      (.5 85-0     REN/OIC A( II)
/I--H--OIII
I
I I- ADI Al>
/(• -U -IIOZ
I
ItACIIATt
                                                         7:1

-------
                (7.E>  I.KA< HATK
SAHI'I K NIIMBKH.
IH I U ION t-ACTOK:
llhSI kll'1 ION:
UM IS:
                                                        /I- -I.I- -DO)
                                                                            IK-
II Al HA II         IIAIIIAU
IHi/l.             III. /I
»«* ,\( I OS ***

 IT     CAS NO        COHIHHINI)
         NO I'AKAMKTERS  IIKTK TED  FOR THIS CATEGORY

-------
                                 UK)
                 SAHI'I.K NUNIIKU:
                 HI Mil ION KAC'IOR:
                 lit Still IT I ON:
                 UN IIS:
                 «**  INDUUANICS ***

                  I'l*     CAS NO        CONrOUNI)
r>
1
7
II
II
14
17
21)
24

BAR 1 UN
CALCIUM
IRON
MAGNES 1 UN
MANCANESE
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
ZINC
SILICON
7K IK  (Mil

I.I-A( MAIh
IK,/I.
 JOHO
 5070(100
 1050(1
 I4HOO
 17100
 14110000
 2430000
 27
 498
IV. U-UII2

I.KAI IIAI K
0(1/1.
 5570000
 74UO
 15000
 I llf.OO
 1450000
 2470000
 70
 470

-------
                10000
23
25.5
11.4
0.01

-------

-------
                             APPENDIX D





                         ASH EXTRACT RESULTS
R339911

-------
SVMI'I t NUMBER:
IHII'l ION  I-ACTOR:
liKSCRII'TION:
I NITS:
\sn
«*« HASE/NEUTRALS *«*

 I'l1    (.'AS  NO       COMPOt ND
               /\ All  (WIHIH20 / .\-AII-OOI H'TOV /A-AII-OOISAR    ZA-AII-OI) IT( l.f'l  /A-AH-OOITCLI'2

                \'.n  (-\iimi     \sii hxniM r    \sn t \THACT     ASH FMKACT    ASH KXIHAIT
     65-85-0
                 BENZOIC ACID

-------
                                                                                   CM
                               AJio:)3iv.) si in HOJ a:u.>3iju
                                                                        ON
  .1, i\ HIM ns\     .1 IVHLXH HSV     .1, IVH.IVI  ns\      nuim ns\
iin.nino-nv-v/  icn.iiioo-iiv-v/    HVSK)O-IIV-\/ \O.I,.HI(IO-IIV-\/
i.)\?u.\i  ns\
      -in  \/
                 LI\HJ\.I nsv
                                                    (INfKMHO.)        ON SV.)    d,l

                                                                     ***  SOI.1V ***
           : S11N I
     : NO 11.11H )S 1(1
'HO.IJVJ  NOI I I I HI

-------
         i 't
         •ji: i
         on/
                       OOO07.'. I
'(,'1
OOOHOI
1 ''.I
IH'O

0(17^

in i
in

HHI
DIM 1 '
(ino'i,: i

'.'j
III (II
01 I'l
OOt 1 7.
01 1 1
it
1 •)!)
'.'.1
,' I.H
OOOOS 1


1 ''I
tWi'.z
i'i
mi
H''l
•ri
L':'J
(III, 117.
OOOHOl

in
ii'i7.r.
in
in
Ml

Kill
DM,"
>Nl /
UlUlu;,
IvillfHI IS
Ulll Ul Ih
1S"     .1.1

                                                                                                                                                      *»*  S )IKV:>)I()M  »»•
                                                                                                                                                                                              tn
         '\/'M
.I.IVHIXH III.V
       I/'M
l\ MIV-I ll!;\
                                                                                                                                                               Mil 1,11 M IS HI
                                                                                                                                                          HOI l\ I  -Jill I I III!
                                                                                                                                                            II.-IIIN'K  II.MiV-:

-------
S\MI'lh \IMHI-K.
Ill I I I  II i\  I-AI TDK:
HI Si kllTlOV
I M IS.
»*» (iHM'lltMH Al, I'ARAMFIHtS  ***

 IT    I  AS  NO       COMPOUND
/ \-ui-oiin iiv    / \ MI ooii>ni2<>  /\  ui-uiuirio\ /\  AH  OOISAH   /\ MI ourniri  /\-\n-ooiii IP;

 \sn i \IH\I i     \sn i-Mini  i     \sn i-Mim i      \sn  IMUMI     \(;n KMI.'-M I     \sn mind
                                                               I c./l
                 IOC
                 AHMONI\
                 NITKVTK
                 OBTHO  PIIOSPII \TE
                 TOTAI  AlKAUMn
                 THLOKIOF
                 SUI.I-Alt
                 AlUHINI'M UMHE X
                 CALCIC* OX I UK %
                 MAGNESIUM OX I lit X
                 POTASSIUM MONOMDK
                 Sll ICON UIDMDF X
                 IMS
21.'^
O.'l 1
o. r,
«).()!
1210
77:1
H'lti
2',\
t'».iUO()
.1200(1
1 1 1000
G2 HH»
:i'J20
IT. 1
0.21
0. 12
(0.01
'HIH
'ITid
:. 1 1,
19r.
I.HIOOO
121
1 1 1000
7IT>
•1220
2 .".00
o.:u
0. 12
o.:n
1450
H01
I 1 20
IKIOO
:io toooo
r.H(.ioo
12HOOO
9H700
9720
I ', . 0
O.B!»
I. I I
'O.OI
H^jl.
H 10
507
I (if,
I 1 00000
18
1 2 1 000
875
2!) 70
21 10
O..I1
0. n
<0.02
21)'.)0
971
S52
:noo
bfi'1000
100
Hi -1000
5520
HH20
22:iO
0.20
0. 10
•. 0 . 02
21 iO
10 10
1110
1 12
29 10000
Cifi'lOO
1 1^000
(,.(20
10200

-------
                   UA002) ASH  m'KACT
    SAMI'l.t NIIMBKH:
    1)1 I.I'11 ON FACTOR:
    I)KS( HII'TION:
    UNITS:
/A-AH-002102    /.A AII-M>2I>III20 / A-AII-IW2H'TOX /.A-AII-002SAK   /A-AH-002TCI.IM /A-AH-002TCLI'2

ASM KX'IKAI T     ASH KXIKAlT     ASH MTKACT    ASH KXTRACT    ASH KXTHACT    ASH  KXTRACT
    ***  HASK/NKUTRAI.S ***

     I'l1     CAS NO        COMIIIUND




            NO PARAMETKRS UKTKCTED FOR THIS CATEGORY
7
in

-------
                
-------
ir 'mi IIH ooHii: OIH
OOOHZ;: 00001,11 oiKiii'ii oooo'ji oooiti
'IT I) U'O y.H7.
H'i: W;L?. •( I Nil
                                                                                                                                                            :N(ll.l.ll)I.IMd
                                                                                                                                                       :il(l.l..)V.>{  NIIIIHIMI
7
-------
                (7.A002) ASH mKA< T
 S\MIM K NIINHKK:
 Hill I ION KACTOH:
 I*S( KII'TION:
 liM IS:
 *** 0
10900

-------
                                                                                                                                                               o\
                                                                                                         AHu!H.iv:>  KIIU  H(H Vlim  IISV

7.<\'\ in no iiv-v/ i.i i II.KMInv-v/    tnstiio HV-V/ \
-------
                (MOO.)) ASH  I-UMAI  I
l>l I.I11 KIN KACl'OK:
III SI kll'l ION:
HM PS:
/ \-MI-Oini (1^    /AMI  III) 11)11120 /A-AII OIIIH'IOX /.A-AII-OO.ISAU    /A  All-01) I'll I I'l /A- Ml -OO.TK l

ASH  KXTUAI  I     ASM  I-\II(A( I     ASM  I-VI MAI I     ASH  hXIHAI I     ASH h'XIKAl I     ASH  hVIKACl
*«*  AI'IIIS **»

 IT     CAS  NO        rOMHHINI)
         NO  I'AKANKTERS DKfKCTH) KOR THIS

-------
                 (/.Add I)  ASH MIUAI I
SAMI'I.I- NIIMHHI:
1)11 I'l ION  I>AC TDK:
HI-SI HI I'l ION:
UNI IS:
««*  INOHCMNICS  ***

 I'l'     CAS NO        COMCOIINI)
AKSFNIC
HAH HIM
CADMIUM
CIIUOHHIM
COI'I'KR
IKON
I.I-AD
MANfiANKKK
MH(( IIKV
SODIUM
ZINC
H
II)
I I

I I
                                        /A All (Hill HI!    /A All OOIDIIIZII /A-AII IMCIII'lo.X  /A All  OO.ISAII   /\  All OO.IMI.I'I  /A- AII-OIKl'K 'l.l'2

                                        ASH I \IKAI I
                                        III. /I
                                                           2 III
                                                           HT.
                                                                            .IIHI
                                                                             ri'iooo
                                                                             I.IIO
ASH l-.XIIIAt 1
IK, /I.
:u
:ioo
1000
72
1 MHO
12000
11.100
:t i 'to
III
1011000
7!i!IOO
ASH 1- \IHAl 1
IIC/I.

fp 1 H


I2H

I'l 10

0.20
1 11,000
12110
ASH 1 MIIACV ASH KXlKAtl
i»i/i. o<;/i.

S'.tr, mm
li!)!i
I.I
Mil :i.i
r, -11400
'.I'll. HI
:i')i;o
O.HH
ir>20ooo 12:11100
.l<7 70100

-------
                (XAOO.'I) ASH
SAMI'I t  MtMHKR:
Illl IM ION hA( TDK:
Dt-SCKirriON:
UNI IS:
*** (ihOCIIKMICAI.  I'ARAMH KKS  ***

 I'l'     CAS NO        COMPOUND
/A-AII-U(ni()2    /A-AII 0011)11120 /A-AH-00'IKI'IOX  /A-AII-00 ISAK    /A -AH-003 I'd I'l  7 A - AII-(M):IT( l.l'2

\SII HXIKV I      \SII Mll(\( I     ASH  hX'IKAl I      ASH HXTKAC f     ASH  !• \1HAI I'     ASH m'KAIT
                  KM;
                  AHMONI A
                  NI THAU
                  OHTIIO 1'IIOSIMIAIK
                  IOTAI. AI.KAI INITV
                  ( III.OHIDh
                  SIII.FAIK
                  ALUMINUM  OXIDK %
                  CALCIUM OXIDK I
                  MACNtSKIM OXIUK. X
                  mTASSIUM MONOXIDK  X
                  SILICON 1)10X11)1- X
                  ros
23. 'J
o.:tr.
0. 1.1
o.uz
ir>(io
mid
1 050
300
fi!M()OI)
:tao(io
1 .IfiOOd
:t(,i,oii
IH!)0
i r, . :i
0.28
0.12
Ml.dl
1120
10HO
r( r( v
71
(>950()0
r,?
K.IOOO
HMO
K.20
2460
o.;is
0.11
().'J4
ir,r.o
890
1320
29:«)0
3050000
TifiOOO
1 1 
-------
                 I7.AU04) ASH  KXTKAC1
 SAMI'I K  NIJMHKH:
 I)11III ION  KACTOK:
 Ill-Si  Ul IT I ON:
 I'M IS:
/ A-AII-OOll'Oi:   /A-AII  (10)1)11120  /A-AH-UlHKrrox /A-AII-UO ISAK    /A-AII -(KM K I |'| /.A-AII -00-M'CI V'i

ASH HX'IHAI I     ASH  t-MHACI     ASH hXIMACT    ASH  I-XTKA("I     ASH I-XCKAIT    ASH  KX I I(A( T
 *** HASK/NKHTKAI.S  ***

  I'l'     CAS NO        COMPOUND
          NO I'ARAMKTERS DETKCTKD FOR THIS  CATIvGORV
7
i-rf
U)

-------
                (/.Add 1)  ASH hVIKM C
SAMI'I.K NIIMHKR:
lillllTHIN KA< IOK.
DI-SCKII'TION:
I'MI'S:
/A-AII-UOKllL'    /A All 01111)111^(1  /.A-AH OOIH'IOX /A-AH-004SAK    'I A-AII -OI).J'I I  I I'l  /A -AII-001 IVI.1'2

ASH  KXIHAi  I     ASH I V I I(A( I      ASH PXI'KACI'    ASH  HXTKACI'     ASH  (•X'lHACI     ASH  HXIHACT
»**  ACIDS ***

 I'l'     CAS NO        COMIIHINI)
         NO  I'AUAMKTKHS  I)KTK( TKI) KOK THIS  CATEGORY

-------
onnr ?.i oidi
oiiiii oooo'ii i omim
O'H
in:
o'i'iz •; ' 7.
I/I 110)17.
001 III' 7.\
!)•/. i'H Hi1;
07. H'H
HV
r,M ;:(,•; HIS
•|/:m 'i/rm 'i/'in
.1 WN.I.XH n:;v i ivniV'i ir.v .1 WHIVI n:.v
(MlHI'j I'J'I
(10011(11 OOO'jCI

vz
0101:
OdC'l OI7.X
(1011(11 17.
07.'I7. !.l.l'
Li. TH
?I.S
701: Hl'j
•|/')il 'l/'lil
1 )VMI \-l II'JV 1 )V)II V 1 M',V
                                                                                           000 It I
                                                                                              7117.
:>NI/
HI) UK IS
HfllN/mS
AMI. NIMH
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WlHHIIV )
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IINIHMHO )
«**
17.
m
HI
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II
7.1
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01
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(IN SV.) .1.1
S.IINVVMONI »»«
                                                                                                                                                                       \rt
Z.n. ».i KID- MV-V/  I.IMIIIIII ov
                                   JIVMOII MV v/  \oi.i inm  nv v/
                                                                                                                                                   :SI I Nil
                                                                                                                                            • nn\ 1,1 in is-in
                                                                                                                                        • noi iv-i  soliivini
                                                                                                                                          :/HIIHllN  .H I.IMS
                                                                                                                     i..wjim  usv (ioov/1

-------
                (7AOU4) ASH I XTKAIT
SAMI'I (•  NUMHKK:
llll.l'l ION FACTOU:
OKSl HI IT I ON:
I.NI IS:
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ASH I-M'HA< I     ASH  I-\ I'KAI I     ASH  h\1KA<  I     ASH KXTKAI I     ASH HIHA( I     ASH  KM'HACT
*** (iHlCHKMICAI.  I'AKAMH't'KS ***

 l'l>     ( AS NO        COMI'OIINI)
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-------
               (/A005)  ASH
SAMI'I.K  NDMBPH:
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                  (/.AUOi) ASH EXntAC'l
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ASH KXIHACI     ASH HX'IIIAII     ASH KXTKAI I     VSII  hXI'KACT     ASH  hXI'KACT     ASH  t- \ IHACT
  **» ACIDS  ***

   I'l'    CAS NO        (OMPOIINI)




           NO I'AHAMKTKKS DETECTED  FOR THIS ( ATEGOHY
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                (/A005)  ASH l-\lliA< '
SAMI'I.I-  NIIMW-R:
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*** (iKOOHI-MKAL I'AHAMHKKS ***

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ASH HI RAIT
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                 ASM l-UKAil'    \SII  MTKAII     ASH  KX THAI I     ASH KX'IUAIT    ASH t \ '\'UM I'
                  KK;
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3540000
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-------
                (ZB001) ASM  EXTRACT
 SAMI'I.K NUMBER:
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 UNITS:
/D-AH-OOIC02   /H-AII-001I)III20  ZB-AH-OOIKPTOX 7.B-AH-001SAK   /B-AH-001TCI.P1  ZB-AH-001TCLP2

ASH KXTKAC'I'    ASH KXTKACT     ASH  EXTRACT    ASH EXTRACT    ASH  EXTRACT    ASH EXTRACT
 *** BASE/NEUTRALS ***

  I>P    CAS NO       COMPOUND




         NO PARAMETERS DETECTED FOR THIS CATEGORY
PO

-------
                (7 BOO I ) ASH  KXTKA< T
SAMI'I.K  NDMBKR:
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ASH FXI'RACT     ASH  I-XIHAIT     ASH KXTKACT    ASH  KXTHACT     ASM I-XTHACT    ASH KX TRACT
*** ACIDS ***

 I'l1     CAS NO        COHPOIINI)
         NO PARAMETERS HF.TECTKI) FOR  THIS CATEGORY

-------
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                (/!)()() I ) ASH  K UK AIT
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ASH HXTRACT     ASH h \ THAI I      ASH  EXTRACT    ASH  EXTKACI     ASH H'lKAIT    ASH KXTKACT
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PO                MAGNESIUM OXIDE X
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NA
NA
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0.01
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513
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24600
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0.18
0.24
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NA
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0.13
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32900
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1 1 . 5
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1420
NA
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0.31
0.01
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1970000
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1.75
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3210000
1 17000
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-------
                (7.11002) ASM  hXTHAI 1
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ASH (-VI'KAll     ASM h\ll(A(l'     ASM KXIKACI     ASM  I-VI HAM'     ASM  KI'KAM'     ASM  KXIKAIf
***  KASk/NKIITRAI.S  *** .

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-------
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/ll - Ul-Oir'H'l'OV /It-All (I02SAK   /ll-AH-1102 I't I I'l  / II All-Oil^ l'( I. Vi

ASH  hMKAl  I'     ASH  HMKAM     ASH  I-XIKAI I      ASH
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-------
                (/H002) ,\sii  i-Mini i
S\MI'I K NIIMItl-U:
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***  (iKM'IIKMICAl  I'AHAMH'I-KS ***

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-------
                (/.IIOO.'I) ASH  K\IKA< I
SAMI'I K  NIIMIIKK:
1)1 Ml ION I-AI 'I OH:
1)1-S< Kin ION:
1>N I'IS:
***  H\SK/NKIJTHAI S ***

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ASM I-XIKVI     ASH  I-\IKAi  I     ASM I-\IHAt I     ASM  I- X'lKAl I     ASM (-MltAC'l      ASH  KM'KAI I1
         NO I'AKAMKTFHS !)!• TKCTKI) KOH  THIS

-------
                 I/BOO'U ASM  h\THA< I
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ASH  KXTIiAll     ASH I'\|KA( I      \SII I-MUM'T     ASM  hXIKAII      ASH I M I(A(  T     ASH  KX1KACT
***  Al IDS ***

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7
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-------
S\MI'II'  NIIMMHO
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-------
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\SII KXIKAl I     ASH  I-AIHAI  I     ASH KXIIMCT    ASH  hMI(A(T     ASH  KXIHAIT    ASH  KXIKAIT
*»» (iKOCIIKMICAI. I'AHAMKTKHS  ***

 I'l'     CAS NO        COMI'OIINI)
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1117000
127000
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NA

-------
                                                                                                                     b'liu,  mi (i.u:).u:in
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ASH KMKAC1     ASH I-\II(A(I     ASM  tXTKAII     ASH KX TRACT     ASH  I-XIRAI'T    ASH  hX TRACT
***  ACIDS ***

 I'l'     CAS NO
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-------
                (/BOOK  ASH KXIIIAI I
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-------
                (7IU10I)  ASM KXI'KACT
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**» (ihOniEMICAI.  f'AKAMKTKKS ***

 I'l1     CAS NO        COMPOUND
/|l AH-OOII02    /ll-AII DO 11)11120 /H-AII-004mo\  /It-All 00 ISAH   /H- All-Oil I Ml I'l  /II-AII-(10 IT( l.l'i!

ASH KXIKAIT     ASH I-XI'KACI     ASH  HXIHAIT     ASH KVI'HACT    ASH  fXI'KAir     ASH I-\ I KACT
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-------
                                                                                                                     SIHJ.  ww (i:u.
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-------
                (znoor.)  ASH KXIHACT
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ASH mi
-------
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-------
                (7.11005) ASH  KXIHAIT
SAMI'I !•  NIIMHI'R:
lill III ION fACTOR:
lihSI UIPIION:
HM IS:
«** (iKJCHKMICAl,  I'ARAMKTKKS  ***

 I'l'     CAS NO        ( (IMCOIINI)
/i»-Aii-oo5Tci.i'2

ASH KXTRAI I     ASM I-\IRA('I     ASH !• XI KAI T    ASH  KXTHACI     ASH  !• X I KACT    ASH KM'HACT
                  T(K'
                  AMMONI A
                  NITRATE
                  ORTIIO PHOSPHATE
                  TOTAL ALKALINITY
                  CHLORIDE
                  SUI.FATK
                  ALUMINUM OXIDE X
                  CALCIUM OXIDE X
                  HA(iNKSIIIH OVIDK X
                  POTASSIUM M(INO\IDI>
                  Sll II ON III (IX I HI- X
                  IDS
NA
NA
0.17
< 0 . 0 1
NA
1570
129
47700
H 7. 1000
247
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527
NA
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0.10
0. 15
V 0 . (I I
•J96
2170
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I r,(,ooo
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NA
NA
0.20
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NA
1740
H04

4000000
70400
1 70000
7570
NA
4.52
NA
NA
<0.01
NA
NA
NA
102
15:10000
17
18 1000
c:n
NA
NA
NA
0.15
<0.01
NA
2030
1.4
1 7C.OO
i ytioooo
70
20:1000
l.illll
NA
NA
NA
0 . 1 9
0.02
NA
20HO
7.i:t
17(10
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(,HOOO
1(17000
14(10
NA

-------
               (ZC001)  ASM EXTRACT
SAMPLE NUMBER:
DILUTION FACTOR:
DESCRIPTION:
UNITS:
ZC-AII-UOKo;!   /.(•-AII-OlMDIHiJO /C-AH-001 El'TOX /C-AH-001SAR    ZC-AM-001TCI.I'l ZC-AH-OOITCU'2

ASH EXTRACT    ASH EXTRACT     ASH EXTRACT    ASH EXTRACT     ASH EXTRACT    ASH  EXTRACT
*** RASE/NEUTRALS  ***

 I'P    CAS NO        COMPOUND
        NO PARAMETERS  DETECTED KOR THIS CATEGORY

-------
               UrOOl ) ASH  KXTKA( T
SAMIM.K  NIIMHKH:
I) 11,(I I I ON  KACTOK:
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/( -AH-OOK 02    /( -AII-()01I)IHVO /( -AII-00 I H'TOX  /C-AII OOISAK   /('-AH-OOI I'd I'l  /C-AII-OOITCI l'2

ASH K.xrmcr     ASH HXTHAI r     ASH JXTHACT     ASH KXTHACT    ASH  KXIKA
-------
                (/.COO) ) ASH KMKACI
SAMIM.K NIIMMKIC
Illl III ION MCIOH:
III S( Ull'l ION:
UNI IS:
                                                             AII on n n;:    /i  Aii-oiiii>iii2o  /r AM  ooiH'im  n  -AII  OIIISAK   /r  Mi-niniri.i'i  /.i  Aii-oonn.i'2
                                                                                            ASM I
                                                                                            IK,/I
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-------
               (/( ooi)  ASH HIKAI r
SAMI'I K  NI1MI1HI:
III I.III ION  KACTOK:
Ill-Si  Illl'l ION:
UNITS:
*** (JEOCIIKMIC.AI. I'AHAMHKKS ***

 l'l>     CAS NO        COMPOUND
/f-AII -Ollli 02    /(  All 0011)11120 /r-AII-OOIH'I'oX /C-AH-OOISAK    /( - AII-OOITl I I'l  7( - All -001 I ( l.l>;

ASM I-\ I'll AM1    ASH Ml HAM     ASH h \ I HA( 1     ASH KXTHACI'     ASH I-\TI{ U I     ASH hXIKACI'
                 TOC
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                 ALUMINUM OX1DK X
                 CAI.( IUM OXIDE I
                 MAGNESIUM OX I UK X
                 POTASS IOM MONOX1 OK
                 SILICON DIOXIDE X
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 NA
 0. 14
 0. 19
 0.01
 NA

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 108000
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7.22
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0.94
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228
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97
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1520
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0.30
0.71
0.20
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22(i
879
34400
1550000
63000
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79000
NA
5.51
2.80
NA
0.01
NA
NA
NA
1 1 8000
18.1000
49
109000
905
NA
NA
0.19
0.25
0.01
NA
232
893

1270000
375000
120000
22400
NA
NA
0.32
15.3
1 .07
NA
249
985
1 1 0000
1750000
H0900
1 20000
43000
NA

-------
                 (/( (1(12 }  ASM l-XIKAl I
'.\Mm NUMUKK:
l'lll;l ION  I-At "It IK.
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ASH  h.\ll(\(  I     ASH  h\lin( I      ASH KXTKAI I      ASH hX'IKAl'l     ASH  1-\IHACT     ASH hXIKACT
***  UASK/NKIITKAI.S  ***

 IT     CAS  NO        COMIfMINI)
         NO  PAHAMKTKRS DKTM'TKD FOR THIS ( AT^:(;()H^

-------
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S \MI'lh  NIJMHKH:
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-------
                (X.roo2)  ASM Hi THAI r
SAMI'lh  NliMIIKIC
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\SII I-X1HV I'     A'ill I-MKAI I     ASH tX'I'KAl'l     ASH  I-XIKAIT     ASH K\II(A( I     ASH  KVI'KACI
*«* I.KOrllKMH Al  I'AKAMI'UKS ***

 l'l>     CAS NO       COMIKMINI)
                  UK'
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0.01
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NA
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0.74
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NA
0. 18
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2.04
NA
2 Mi
H'.):t
1 IKOOO
1X20000
H lt)00
1110000
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NA

-------
S\MPU NIIMBIH:
hill11 ION  KA( TOR.
III-SI 1(1 I'TIUN.
I'M IS:
/( -All  IK) II 01'    /!  All  (XHIMIiyn  /< -AH-OU'IKI'I'OX /r-AU-(IO ISAU    /(-All UIUKII'I  /(' AII-DOUI ( l,|>2

ASH  KXIKACI     ASH |-\II(A( I'     ASH (-XIUACI     ASH KXTRAI I     \.SII hKlKACT     ASH h X I I(A( T
***  H\S(-/NHITKAI.S  ***

 IT     CAS  NO        rOMIHHINU




         NO  PARAMKTEHS I)KTE( TED KOB  THIS CATECiORt
7
S

-------
                                                                        S
                18003J.V.)  SI 111  JKM (I3.U:UH(1  SH3A:iHVHVd  ON
    DVMIX'H  HSV     DWUXH IISV     1.IVH1X.H IISV     .1 IVHXX.H  MSV
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-------
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-------
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S\MI'U NUMHER:
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*** (JIOCIIKMICAL PARAMETERS  ***

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ASH EXTRACT     ASH l-KTHAc I     ASH KXTKACI     ASH EXTRACT     ASH  KXTIJAl I'     ASH KXTHAC.T
                 TOO
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NA
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0.40
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188
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64500
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NA
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88200
199000
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0.15
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215
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1240000
40400
124000
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NA
0.21
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-------
                 (ZCO(M) ASH  FX1KACT
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 I NITS:
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ASH hVI'KAl I      ASH KXTKAl I     ASH KX'I'KACT    ASH  KXTKACT     ASH  KX I'HAl I'     ASH  KXTHACT
 *** HASt/NKl'THAI.S  »**



  I'l1    CAS NO        COHIHHJNI)










          NO PAHAMKTKKS DKTKCTKI) FOR THIS  CATE(iOKY
7
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-------
                (XC004) ASH KXTKAC I
SAHI'I K  NIJMBKK:
Dlll'l ION KA< TOU:
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ASM  tXnARAMKTERS DKTKCTKD FOR  THIS CATEGORY

-------
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-------
               (ZniOl) ASH HXTHACI
SAMI'Lh NliMBEH:
1)11IH ION  KACTOK:
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UNITS:
*** (iKOCHKMICAI. PARAMETERS ***

 I'l'    CAS  NO       COMWUNU
/.(-AII-()(MC()2    Z< -AH-0041)11120 ZC-AII-001HTOA ZC-AII-004SAK   /C-AIMMMTCLI'I  /.( -AH-OOITCLI'V

ASH tXTKACT     ASH I-X I KA(  T    ASH  KX TRACT    ASH IX'IHACT    ASH hX TRACT    ASH EXTRACT
                 TOO
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                 TDS
NA
0.19
0.07

-------
                (/COOS) ASH  KXTKA1 T
.SAMI'I.K NIJMBHK:
IMI.IIl ION HACTOH:
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IINI IS:
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ASH KXI'KA( I      AMI fXIHACI      ASH I-M'HA( T     ASH KXTKAl I1     ASH  I- X I UA( T     ASH I-X1KAIT
***  IIASK/NMITHAI.S ***

 I'l'     CAS  NO        COMIHHJNI)
         NO  I'ARAMKTFHS DKTECTED FOR  THIS CATEGORY

-------
                UC005)  ASH hXTRACl
 SAMI'I.K  NUMBKR:
 Dll.lSIION  FACrO
 INSCRIPTION:
/I -All-00!i«>2   /( -All -I)(

ASH IXliniT    ASH  f \TKACI
/( -AM-l)l)f>H'l'()\ /C-AH-OOSSAK   /( -AII-()0.r)T('l.l'l  /C-AII-ODftTCI.I'Z

ASH KXTKACT    ASH KX1HA(T    ASH MTHACT     ASH KXTKACT
 *** ACIDS  ***

  IT    CAS NO        COMPOUND




          NO I'AHAMFTKRS  DKTECTEU KOR  THIS CATKGORY
£

-------
                                     (/< oor,)  ASM  I:\IKAI r
7
S
                    SAMI'l.h  NIIMIIIK:
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                    III SI Kll'l ION:
                    liNI IS:
                                                                                /I   Ml llll'HIi;1    /(   All IIOI.IIIII.'O  /(  All  ()()!,ll'im  /(  -All OOf.SAK    /.('  All OIISKI.I'I  /C-AII-OOfiH M'2
                    **t  INllldiANH'S ***

                      I'I'      ( AS NO        ( (WOUND
I
I,
H
in
n
12
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20
21
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HANdANKSK
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I r.r.ooo
77.10
AMI 1 \IIIAI 1
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1 II

1 1
\2




IH 100(1
I.I.I
AMI I.VIHAC'I ASH I-XIKAM ASH KVIUAII
III, /I, IK, /I. Ill, /I.
'i'i
;'.:\ I2'» 201
I2OO 71,1
(,'., 7.') H.O
1 :i')0 H . f. 2'» 1
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If, ;,ooo ii.dooii ificooou
r,(if,(io 1:12 izsoo
ASH I-XIIIACI
III, /I,
2-1
28
1 2fiO
2114
r,(,«
20800
ROUI)
:<7(>o

IOIIIOO
H 1,0(10

-------
               (/( OOfi)  ASH KXIUACI'
SAMI'LI-  NIIMHKH:
hill I ION  IA< fliK:
HI-SI KII'1 ION:
IIM'IS:
*** (iKOUIKMH.'AL I'AKAMKTKHS ***

 I'l'     CAS NO        COMPOUND
AMMONIA
NITKATR
ORTIIO  I'HOSI'HATK
TOTAL  ALKALINITY
( HLOKIDK
SOI.KATE
ALUMINUM OXlOt X
CALIIIIM  OXIDE X
MAGNKSltIM OXIDE X
POTASSIUM MONOXIDE
SILICON  DIOXIDE X
I'DS
S
                                    /( - MI-005102    /C 4ll-00.~il)IH2o /.( -AII-OO.'iH'im /( -AII-005SAK   /C-AII-005 I'l LI'I  /C-AII~OOfiTCLl'2

                                    ASH  KX'IKAl P     ASM IMKAII     ASH KXTMAl I     ASH KXIHAIT    ASH  hXIHACT     ASH KMKAlT
NA
0. 15
1.59
0.02
NA
195
777
85
GK-1000
25HOO
142000
2(>900
NA

0.24
0. 10
0.01
•|f>8
207
:I88
50 100
115000
42
I 5 9000
1 5<;o
I I 20
NA
0.19
0 . 56
0. II
NA
I 90
I 050
32:100
1:150000
5:i:ioo
1 27000
20900
NA
5.15
2.8H
NA
0.01
NA
NA
NA
82100
1 7:1000
4 :to
i :i<;ooo
1410
NA
NA
0. Ifi
0.78
0.01
NA
189
58."i
1:120
1 1 10000
39400
8.! 2 00
51700
NA

0.21
0.21
1 . 12
NA
281
1 1 10
1 10000
1 500000
74800
1211000
7170
NA

-------
  S\MI'IE NUMBER:
  Ml III ION FACTOR:
  DESCRIPTION:
  I'M ITS:
/.I)-AH-U01(02   /D-AII-001(11 Hill) ZU-AII-OOIKI'TOX  ZD-AII-OOIHAR   ZI)-AII-001Tf l.l'l ZD-AH-OOITCLP2

ASH KxrifAn     \sn  KM'KAI T    ASH FXTRA
-------
S\MI'I F.  NI'MRFR:
DIU'IIUN FACTOR:
lit S('HI IT I ON:
I  M (S:
ZIl-AH-OOKDL'    7H AH-OOinil^n ZI>-AH-OOIKPTO\ 7D-AH-OOISAK    /l)-AII-OOIT( I.PI  Zll AII-OOITCLP2

\SH KXTKAIT     ASH KXTHACT    ASM  KX TRACT    ASH KXTRACT     ASH EXTRACT     ASH EXTRACT
***  ACIDS ***

  IT     CAS NO       COMPOUND




         NO PARAMETERS  DETECTED FOR THIS CATEGORY
7
ro

-------
OOOSH
OOZ'JI
OS 1.1.
OOI11Z
OOSSi
Htl
M.I
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III
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(K)O(IHI. 1
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oofi'ii: 011211: oo'izi.
ozn
(Kin:
001 iZ
,"H 17. r.i

'j(i(
7.'.\7. Of.Z 107.
Hi7.
   H.I\:I HSV    .1 iviim nsv      I..IVHI\.-I  nsv     .1 >vnm  HSV     DVHIXH  nsv     i  >vm\.|  ns\

ILIOO liv  (i/ 1.11.tiKiii nv ii/    IIVSMKI nv  ii/ vi LI it ;:ni
-------
SAMI'I K NUMBER:
Dill1! ION  FACTOR:
hl-SCHI IT ION:
I'M IS.
**« (,KOCHEM1CAL PARAMETERS  ***

 IT    CAS  NO       COMPOUND
/I) \ll-ni) l( D2    /||- AII-OOIDIII20  /I) -AH-OOIH'IOX  /D-MI-OOISAR   yi)-AII-(H)IT< I H 111- MI-UU ITCI.I':

\SII KUR\
-------
                   (/D002) ASH  KXTHA1 T
    S\MI'I K  NIJMBKR:
    III I III ION  FAfTOH:
    WS< 1(11'TION:
    I'M IS:
7D-AII-(W2CU2    /D-AII 0021)11120  /l)-AII-0()2Krrox ZO-AH-002SAR   /I)-AH-002T01.PI ZO-AH-002TCI.P2

ASH I-XTRMT     ASH hXTRAl I     ASH  KXTRACT    ASH  KXTRACT    ASH  KXTHACT    ASH  EXTRACT
    *** RASK./NKUTRAl.S ***

     PI'    CAS  NO       COMPOUND





            NO  PARAMETERS DETECTED FOR THIS CATEGORY
Si

-------
                UIUI02) ASH  K.MIUC T
S \MIM.h  NUMBER:
1)1 ll>I ION I-ACTOR:
M SCHI I'll ON:
IIM IS:
/D-AII-(I<>2(02   /l)-AII-l)()2l)IH^l)  /ll-AH-OO^KITOX /.D-AH-OOilSAK    /.I)-AII-002TCI.PI  /I)-AII-U02TCI.F2

ASH KXIKAII     ASH  HXTKACI     ASH KXTKAfr     ASH I-XTHACI     ASH KXI'HACT     ASH EX'IHACT
*** ACIDS ***

 I'P     CAS NO        COMPOUND
         NO PARAMETERS DETECTED FOR THIS  CATEGORY

-------
                UU002)  IVSH
SVMril- NliMHKH:
III I III ION I AI H'H:
liisrifll'l KIN:
IIM IS:
»*»  INOKI.ANII S ***

 rr     < AS NO
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I,
H
10
I I
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I I

20
MAR I IIH
( AOHIliM
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HKKCIIKY
SODIUM
ZINC
ASH |r \||(A( 1
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vmoo
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ASH I'MIMI 1 ASH 1 \IIIAM ASH 1 K 1 If \( C
IK. /i. i'c/1. i.t./i.
2,ri!» lf.2 20*1
1 too
•III
77 1172 70
1200
1 '17(1(1
2710
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ASH 1 \IK\I 1
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IOHO

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10200
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o. 1:1
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ASH KXTRAri
1 10
i r.fio
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I2f.
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2:i!)OII
1750

(iH.100
11.1000

-------
                (/D002)  ASH I \IR\I T
        MIMBKR:
hi I I'I ION h All UK:
III SI Kll'l ION:
I'M IS:
***  l.KOCIIKMICAI. I'ARAMKTKKS ***

  I'l'     CAS  NO       COMIHHiNI)
                                     /IP-\n nni'ini:   /II-MI  i)i)2mii:'o  /i> -\n-oo2H''io\ /II-MI-UO^SAK    /n-Aii-oo2i< i N  /D-MI-OOZCI n>;

                                     ASM IXTHVI     \SII  I MUM!'     ASH I-\PKACT     ASH  I ATKAl I      ASH (•AlliACT    ASH  HX1RACT
7
£
T()C
AMMONIA
NITHATK
OK UK)  I'llOSI'IIATK
TOTAL  AI.KAI INI H
rill OKI UK
SIII.KAIK
ALUMINUM OMDt X
CAl.C 1UM OXIDK X
MAtiNbSII'M 0X11)1- X
IHVI'ASSHIM MONOXIDK  X
SILICON 1)10X11)1- %
IDS
NA
0.07

<().() I
NA
77.2
572

7:V»OM)
43100
                                                        27900
                                                        NA
                                                                        1). 1 'J
                                                                        0. 1 I
                                                                        0. II
                                                                        70.2

                                                                        HHfiOO
                 30400
                 479
                 H42
NA
0. If)
0 . 00
o.or,
NA
H2.2
I) (iti
IH200
1100000
7H700
34100
45000
NA
9. '14
3.77
NA
<0.01
NA
NA
NA
84200
241000
r,2
31200
H02
NA
NA
0.12
0.08
0.01
NA
IOH
703
4C2
a MOOO
70200
32000
32 100
N<\
NA
0.19
0. 12
0.4H
NA
1 11
H72
103000
1470000
121000
40900
143000
NA

-------
                (yi«m:i)  ASH I-VIKA< i
S\MI'II  NIIMIIKH.
Ill I II ION I-AC IOK:
HfS(  KIITION:
I M IS:
/D-AII -mi 11111:    /i) \n mniiiiiL'o /.n  \n utMH'hn /D-AII  (iois\i<    /CD-AII-OO IK i i'i  /i) -AII-DO irci.r:

ASH h\ll(\( I      \SII HMUAl I'    ASM  I-XI'KAI I'     ASH  K1THAI T     ASH  hXIUAlT     ASH  KXII(A(T
**« I1ASK/NHITRAI.S ***

 I'I'     CAS NO        rOMlfHJNI)
         NO I' \UAMKTKKS  DKTKTKI)  FOR THIS CATE(i(lK\

-------
                                           SIIIJ.
                                                                              UN
  .!..>VJU.XH HSV      .1  1VII.IAH IISV

i i.)i.i:(io  iiv-d'/  i,n ).it oo-iiv-d/
IIVHJAH IISV      IH'H.IVH  IISV

      -nv-d/  voi.Hfiin-nv-ii/
I  )\ H I \ H HS\      I IV M I \ •! IISV

     o-in -n/     r.o n oo  n\ -v* NIII i 11 PI
                                                   i  ivti.m HSV

-------
                 (/mm:i>  ASH  mi2
                                                                                            liTiOO
                                                                                            25700
                                                                                            I/HO

                                                                                            •1Hf,(HI
                                                                                            CIIUOO

-------
VN
000 9 t 1
OOdZ?.
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(,(.') \N
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HHP. VN
(dM)> t(IMI>
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1 1 Ml 10 M)
/•()! VN

i i\ n\ \ i in. v i )\)ii x i m,v

siij
x '-idixoid NIDI us
% -IdlYONOH WlllSSVKM
X HdlXO N!IIS-INr>VH
X .4111X0 M II.)IV.)
X 1111X0 NDNINIIIV
Hl-V.-t'lllS
3d 1 HO III.)
MINI IVM'IV 'IVKU
a.LVHilb'OIM OlllIK)
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V 1 NONNV
,X)J
UNfKUNO.)
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CM
1"^
ei








ON SV ) .1.1
'IV HN.-III.MH'> ***
'SI l\ 1
:NOI MM )', KI
MOI IV 1 Mil 1 1 1 hi
m-v?u\-i  HSV (rood/)

-------
                (71)001 )  ASH I \IKAI I
S\MI'lh  NIIMHKU:
Ulll'l KIN F ACTOK:
IIHSI 1(1 IT I ON:
I Ml rii:
/D-AII-llflli 02    /.I) All UOIDIIIL'l) /D-AII OOIU'IOX /I) -All-dO ISAM    /!»- All-lid I ICI.I'I  /D-AII-OO'ITCI.P/!

ASH MI'HU I'     ASH KXI'MACI     ASH KX fKACT     ASH  EXTRA! T     ASH  I-XTRACT     ASH  1-XTKACT
***  HASK/NHITKAI.S ***

 I'l'     (AS  NO       COMCOUNI)
         NO  PARAMETERS  DETECTED FOR THIS CATEGORY

-------
                IZDOOD ASH  mini  i
SAMI'U  NIJMBFR:
III I ID KIN FACTOR:
HI'Si 1(1 IT I (IN:
UNITS:
/D-AH-OOIco;;   /li-AII004111112(1 X.I)-,MI-l)0-IHT(lX  /II-AH'OO ISAH    /.D-AII-00 IT( I I'l  7D-AH-DO ITCI.1'2

ASH KXIKAI I     ^Sll  K\TKA(1     ASH HXIUAIT     ASH  hXTIiACT     ASH FXIHACi     ASH (•XIHAIT
*** ACIDS ***

 I'l'     CAS NO        COMI-OliNIl
         NO I'AHAMKTKRS DFTKCTKI) FOR  THIS CATEGORY

-------
OO'.MU OdlH'j
iioi 01 o()(i(i,: ii
noiii: (i'j«jz
OOfZZ O'JOI-
ooot:«j
t:iis i:z
5M

•|/!)ll 'I/1!!!
.UVHm HSV 1. IVJim HSV
7.\ mnnt 17. ooz-ji
00!)';Z OOHif 001 IZ OO'jCiZ
L7.'tt I-Z'O iZ'O ii'O
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M'l ."II
l'<'.7. HIZ 017. 17.7.

'l/'lll 'l/!)ll l/')!l l/')ll
1 )V)IIX^ HSV I.IVMIVI HSV 1 IV Ml 1H II'. V 1 IVMI\| ||«, v
.INI/
WIIKIOS
Atlll.lHUH
HS'iNVMNVH
NOMI
1H. 1,10)
Hill HI mil)
Hl)IHS'IH
HOI. IV 1 NOI hi III)
ri.uino-iiv-u/ i.iiiiiDi)  HV H/   m'stoo nv 
-------
                1/1)004) ASH  tXIKACl
SAMI'I F  NIIMHKK:
III 1.1'I ION FACTOR:
III-SI  If I IT I ON:
tIM IS:
**« (itonitMK A I.  PAKAMFTF.KS ***

 I'l'     CAS NO        COMIWNI)
AMMONIA
NITKATK
ORT1IO PHdSI'lUTE
TOTAL ALKALINITY
(HIOKIIIK
SIILKATK
ALUMINUM OX I OK.  I
< AI.CIIIM OXIDK X
MAGNtSIIIM OXIDK X
m'lASSIIIM MONOXIDK
Sli.HON IIIDXllil- X
ros
•p
•«J
01
                                     /I)- \ll-00lt 02    /!)-MI-0(MI)llli!0 /D-AH-WMH'IOV /D-AII-00 ISAK    /II-AII-IHUK I.I'l  /I)-AH-00 ITCI l'2

                                     ASH  HXIKAI I      A'1"  hMKAl I     ASH hXTKAM    \SH  h\IKA(T     ASH h\IIC\rr     ASH KXIKACT
NA
0.07
0.2f.
<0.01
NA
4C>.9
5 2.'t
3!)
550000
4r.:MH>
17700
2 til Oil
NA
1 1. 1
1) . OH
0.0:i

7100(1
200000
U.6
l.'ttOO
042
f,'JH
NA
0.14
0.06
O.(i:t
NA
f.H.7
f>29
1 (>200
1250000
85100
IU300
49100
NA
15.2
:t.9i
NA
<0.01
NA
NA
NA
7H800
202000
:uu
1(1500
70:1
NA
NA
o . I :i
0.05
0.01
NA
a:i.9
(iliO
422
970000
G 120(1
1 6900
27500
NA
NA
0. 19
0.03
1 . 5f,
NA
r,H . <;
t;:t7
9G400
1670000
10BOOO
1 H600
I2:sooo
NA

-------
                (/DOOM  ASH KVfKAl I
S \Mm NIJMIIHt:
1)1 II'I I UN  l-ACTOIt.
Ill-Si MII'TION:
IIM l!i:
/II-AII-IIOM Oi!    /D-AII-imfiDIH^o /.l>-AH-(ltir>mo\  /.D-AII-OOfiSAK    /I) AM-0(l.rri ri.l'l  /D-AII 01):") I'd,1

ASH  hXIKAl  I'     ASH  I-\II(A('I     ASH  I-\TKA("I      ASH HIKAIT     ASH  KXI'KACI     ASH  tX'lH/UT
**«  UA.SK/NHI'IKAI.S  ***

 I'l'     CAS  NO        COMHlUNI)
         NO  I'AHAMkTKHS DKTKTKt) FOK THIS CATEGOKY

-------
                 (/DOOf,)  ASH KXIKAC'I
'.ANI'I I-  NUMIIKK:
HUH ION  KACTOK:
MSi KMT I ON:
I M TS:
/.D-AII-OOr.Uli!    /l)-AII-OOr.l)l 11^(1  /l)-MI-OO.r)H'll)A  /I)-Ml-()().r.HAH   /D-AII OOfi I'CI.I'I  /.l)-AII-0()rilCI.I7

ASH  KX'IKACI     \SII  KXIKAII'     ASH I-XTKACI     ASH  I-X I'HAC T     A.SH HMKAIT     ASH
***  A( IDS  ***

 IT     CAS NO        COMPOUND
         NO  I'ARAMh TKHS  l)t: DOITED FOR THIS CATKGOR\

-------
(100 (!)
ooiHt:

d'Jl'J
OOZ'JZ
OIIOCOl
001 1
•i'jl
HI'I
•JH'J
ooiri'
001)001' 1

d(;(. i
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007. V7. ()()'.>!)£
7.Y, '0 (\7. '0
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didli
(UIHOI
•j'.) 'JH

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(.1 OOIIHI
i)0it:t: 001.'.)?.

di'.H
Oil

OH V)

r.'ii
V)im IIKV
                                  :KI INll
                          :M)| 1,11)1 IS III
                     :?IOI >V I  Nut III I Kl
                       :»Htll»ilN H I.IKVS

-------
                (/iu)05)  ASH
SAMI'l.t  NIIMHFR:
1)11,1 I ION KACTOK:
III-SC HirriON:
liM IS:
*** (.MM IIKMK Al. PAHAMHI-HS  ***

 IT     I AS Nl)        ( OMIHHINI)
/II-AII-0(>:>( 02    /.ll-AII-OO.r.l»IH20 /II-AII-OO&KI'IOX  /l)-AII-()()f)S\H    /D-AII OOIKU'I  /.I)- All-llOfi ICI.I';

ASH  mi(A( I      \SII l-\l'l(\( I     ASH I-\II(A(T     ASH !• \IKA1T     VSII KVIKACI     ASH KXTKACT
                  AMMONIA
                  NITRATE
                  OKI HO PHOSPHATE
                  TO'IAI  ALKALINITY
                  Clll OK 11)1-
                  SI.LKATf
                  ALUMINUM OX I OK X
                  I Al,( IHM OX IDF  Z
                  MA(;NKSIIIM OXIDK x
                  IX)TASSIIIM MONOXIDI'
                  SILICON 1)1 OX I UK X
                  TltS
 NA
 O.OH
 0.24
 500
:wt;oo
:)8000
NA
1 4 . :!
:t.7i
NA
0.01
NA
NA
NA
77900
194000
145
1 1500
877
NA
NA
o. 1:1
o.o:»
0.01
NA
'JO . H
5:11
3370
796000
5(1 :)()()
14601)
25600
NA
NA
0. 18
0.03
i . :i8
NA
Ml. 4
4.18
102000
yfiiooo
94100
15100
1 1 HOOO
NA

-------
 SAMPl.t NUMBER:
 IHIl'TION FACTOR;
 Iil-Si HIPTION:
 UM IS:
ZE-AII-OOH02   IV. AH-OOIIMH2C) ZE-AII-OOIKI'TOX  ZE-AH-OOtSAR   7K-AII-OOIK LP1  ZE-\H-001TCLP2

ASH EXTRACT    VSH  t<1HA( f    ASH EXTRACT     ASH  EXTRACT    ASH EXTRACT     ASH EXTRACT
 **« BASE/NEUTRALS ***

  PP    CAS NO       COMPOUND
      Gr,-85-0
                 BENZ01C  ACID
                                                                     f>6T
00

-------
SVU'I.K  NUMBER:
H11 I'll UN  FACTOR:
HKSi HIHTI ON:
I'M IS:
7K- \II-OOK 02    /K-,MI-UOII)|II20 71--AII-001 FI'T<>\  71--AII-(K) I S-\K    7E-AH-00 ITC1.C1  Zf- AII-OOITCLI'2

ASH t\rin(i     \sn h\ri(A(i     ASM MIKACT     \sn KTRAH     ASH KXTKA< T     ASH  EXTRACT
»** -M IDS  ***

 I'P    ( AS NO       rnMIOUND
         NO PARAMETERS  DETECTED FOR THIS CATEGORY

-------
                SNMI'lh
                0111 11 UN  f A( lull:
                HI Si lill'l HIM:
                I'M IS:
/> All  00 11 OJ

\SII  hXII.'M  I
                                                                                            /I-  Ml 01111)11121) /h  \ll Oil 1 1 l'lll\
                                                                                                                                  All OOISAI1    /K All
                  \SII I MUM I
                                   ASM  I-\IKAt I
                                   W./\.
                                                    AMI H \IIIAI I
                                                                                                                                                          I H l.l'l  /F.-AH  OOnri.1'2
                                   \SII  h\ II(A( I
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