r/EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
(WH-556F)
EPA 500/9-90-001A
June 1990
Office Of Water
Information Resources
Management
Annual Report (In Brief)
Fiscal Years 1989-90
Water
Programs
Data for
Decision
Making
Information Resources
Management:
Tools For Making
Water Program Decisions
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IRM Initiatives and Accomplishments FY 1989 - 1990
Table of Contents
Page Title
1 INTRODUCTION
3 IRM PLANNING
5 INFORMATION ACCESS AND USEFULNESS
Data Standardization and System Integration
Hardware and Software Enhancements
9 STRENGTHENING PARTNERSHIPS
Training and Outreach
Joint and Interagency Projects
14 OFFICE AUTOMATION
17 LOOKING AHEAD
18 ACRONYMS
U.S. Knv.ii -,71; --.- ' ••
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IRM Initiatives and Accomplishments
FY 1989 - 1990
Introduction
This Report
Highlights IRM
Activities Taking
Place in FY 1989-9O
As the challenge to restore and maintain
our nation's water quality becomes more
complex, it is increasingly important that
we effectively manage more environmental
data than ever before.
Technological advances like personal computers and geographic
information systems help us to accomplish this objective.
These advances also help us to solve problems more effectively
by facilitating partnerships comprised of: Federal, State, local,
and tribal governments; the private sector; and the public.
The collection and use of environmental information is the
basis for critical program decisions and the evaluation of the
effectiveness of our environmental programs. Success depends
on the quality, completeness, and timeliness of information in
the information management systems of our water programs
and the ease of obtaining information from these systems. The
Agency's Water Program is committed to providing the
necessary information to its managers to ensure that decisions
are based on the best possible information and that adequate
information exists to measure program effectiveness.
Each year the Water Program initiates many information
resources management (IRM) activities to strengthen its
program management capabilities. This first annual IRM report
highlights activities initiated and either completed or in
progress by the Water Program in FY 1989-90. The Report
targets Headquarters' accomplishments and initiatives
primarily in the areas of information access and utilization.
Future reports will update Headquarters activities initiated in
FY 1990; address quality assurance and data collection efforts
aimed at maximizing the integrity of water program
information, such as monitoring protocols and Information
Collection Request (ICR) development; discuss Regional
activities in more detail; and measure the Program's progress in
meeting its IRM goals.
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IRM Initiatives and Accomplishments
FY 1989 - 1990
Introduction
The Report Takes
Both a Broad View
(Volume I) and
Detailed Look
(Volume II)
IRM Planning
Information Access
and Usefulness
Strengthening
Partnerships
Office Automation
The Annual Report is organized into two volumes. Volume I,
the Annual Report in Brief, provides a broad overview of the
Water Program's IRM goals and highlights major activities
undertaken to support these goals. Volume II contains more
detailed descriptions both of the activities introduced in
Volume I and other important initiatives.
Additionally, it includes program contacts for each project.
Both volumes are organized around four key water program
goals:
Identify the information needed to make well-informed decisions
and evaluate environmental program effectiveness.
Improve access to data for water-related decisions and
overcome obstacles preventing the use of information in
program decision making and implementation.
Work with the public and private sectors to create information
networks that support cross-program and cross-media solutions.
Increase the use of office automation technology to improve
staff productivity and facilitate information exchange among
water programs.
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IRM Initiatives and Accomplishments
FY 1989 - 1990
IRM Planning
Goal:
PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHTS
Accomplishments
• UIC Assessment
• Agency-Wide Drinking
Water Information
Study
• Data Sharing/Systems
Compatibility Study
Initiatives:
• Sludge Feasibility
Study
• OW Systems
Modernization
Identify the information needed to make well-informed decisions
and evaluate environmental program effectiveness.
An important Water Program goal is to make IRM planning an
integral component in the strategic planning for each
individual water program and for the water program as a
whole. Integrating IRM planning into the Water Program's
strategic planning activities ensures that it is collecting
appropriate data to support its critical program decisions and
evaluate environmental program effectiveness in meeting
environmental goals.
Through effective IRM planning, water programs are striving
to:
• Increase the recognition of the importance and value of
different types of information to decision making;
• Ensure that programs assess their information needs prior
to initiating or significantly enhancing systems;
• Promote coordination within and outside the Agency to:
Share information to capitalize on previous
investments;
Guarantee timely and useful feedback during system
development; and
Maximize the usefulness of the data collected;
• Eliminate duplication and gaps in data collected; and
• Select appropriate technology to ensure effective use of
resources.
During the past two years, the Water Program has placed
increasing emphasis on ensuring that individual programs
use a systematic approach to assess information collection and
management needs before systems are developed or enhanced.
This approach helps participants to systematically assess their
needs for information management systems, define system
requirements, identify and evaluate options for implementing
the systems, select the best option, plan for system
implementation, and test and implement the system.
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IRM Initiatives and Accomplishments
FY 1989 - 1990
IRM Planning
Underground
Injection Control
Program Mission
Needs Assessment
Agency-Wide
Drinking Water
Information Study
Data Sharing and
Systems
Compatibility Study
Sludge Tracking
Feasibility Study
OW Systems
Modernization
Initiative
Please see appendix for
a list of acronyms.
Several projects completed in FY 1989 or currently in progress
illustrate this commitment to utilize systematic approaches for
IRM Planning.
Purpose: Assess the adequacy of information collected and
the usefulness of current information management systems.
Accomplishment: Initiated development of standard data
set, definitions, linkage of key data elements, and decentralized
data management system to replace costly national system.
(ODW*, FY 1988-89)
Purpose: Evaluate the need for and availability of drinking
water information to support decision making throughout EPA.
Accomplishment: Reached consensus on needs and
developed an action plan identifying several outreach
initiatives to publicize the availability of ODW information and
encourage sharing of program information. (OW, ODW, FY
1989-90)
Purpose: Improve knowledge about and coordination of
priority Agency water-related data bases.
Accomplishment: Recommended steps to be taken for each
priority data system to facilitate data sharing and compatibility
with other data systems. (Steering Committee for Water
Quality Data Systems, FY 1989-90)
Purpose: Examine approaches for developing an information
tracking system to support sludge program requirements of the
1987 Water Quality Act Amendments.
Accomplishment: Will develop and choose among
alternatives to meet the requirements for a sludge tracking
system. (OWEP, FY 1989 - 90)
Purpose: Develop framework for IRM activities in the Water
Program over the next decade.
Accomplishment: Agreed upon the need for and the basic
framework of a long term approach and formed a work group to
develop strategy. (OW, OIRM, FY 1990)
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IRM Initiatives and Accomplishments FY 1989 - 1990
Information Access and
Usefulness
Goal: Improve access to data for water-related decisions and
overcome obstacles preventing the use of information in
program decision making and implementation.
The Water Program is moving toward an integrated approach
to program management that will have a significant impact on
its information management activities. The intent is to:
• Reduce duplication of information among water programs;
and
• Promote joint efforts to increase program effectiveness in
meeting environmental goals.
Because today's water programs involve all levels of
government, we have placed increasing emphasis on working
with Federal, State, local, and tribal programs to manage and
protect water resources. Therefore, improving access to
information is a major program priority.
We are achieving this through:
• Developing standard minimum data sets, common
definitions, consistent collection and monitoring protocols,
and promoting data integration; and
• Identifying and implementing information system
enhancements to ensure access by a broader base of users.
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FY 1989 - 1990
Information Access and Usefulness
PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHTS
Accomplishments
• Ground-Water Minimum
Data Set
* UIC Minimum Data Set
• 305(b) Reporting
Waterbody System
Initiatives!
* Ground-Water Indicators
• PCS Locational
Information
Ground-Water
Minimum Data Set
Project
Underground
Injection Control
(UIC Minimum Data
Set Workgroup
A. Data Standardization and Integration
Historically, much of the data the Water Program collected
came from a variety of different sources and was submitted in
varied and often incompatible formats. Inconsistencies in
definitions and monitoring protocols have made this data of
limited value in supporting management decision making
outside of the specific purpose for which it was collected.
Currently, an important objective of our water programs is
focusing on developing minimum data sets, standard
definitions and formats, and consistent collection and
monitoring protocols to increase the usefulness of the
information to all users.
The following projects illustrate the Water Program's
commitment to improving access to and broadening its
application of data.
Purpose: Enable sharing and assessment of ground-water data
that is of known and reliable quality.
Accomplishment: Developed FY 1989 EPA Order on
Ground-Water Minimum Data Set. This Order requires
collection of the 22 minimum data elements for all EPA funded
ground-water monitoring to ensure Agency-wide consistency.
Will develop definitions of the 22 to further support the
consistency of the data. (OGWP, FY 1989)
Purpose: Ensure data consistency among all State UIC
Programs.
Accomplishment: Will develop an approved minimum
data set, definitions and formats to ensure national data
consistency, and guidance to support implementation. (ODW,
FY 1989)
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FY 1989 - 1990
Information Access and Usefulness
Indicators to
Measure Ground-
Water Program
Progress
Automated §3O5(b)
Reporting by
Creating the
Waterbody System
Inclusion of
Locational
Information in PCS
PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHTS
A ccomplishments
* FRDSII
* PAL
* Access to STORET
Initiatives:
* Reach File
Enhancements
Purpose: Develop a set of consistent environmental
indicators for measuring program progress and characterizing
and reporting ground-water trends, which will ultimately help
programs to measure ground-water program progress.
Accomplishment: Developed set of indicators which are
being tested in a series of FY 1990 pilot projects. (OGWP, FY
1989-90)
Purpose: Facilitate national consistency of State data collected
for the §305(b) Report.
Accomplishment: Standardized the content and format of
State §305(b) Report submittals and established electronic
submission of Water Quality Assessment data, shortening State
report preparation time, and providing States with analytical
tools to assess their own data. (OWRS, FY 1989)
Purpose: Promote the use of PCS information in spatial
analysis.
Accomplishment: Will provide information to aid with
water quality assessments in specific geographic areas, such as
river reaches; ensure consistency with the Agency Locational
Standard; and increase the ability of other program offices to use
PCS data to cross reference permitting and compliance
information. (OWEP, FY 1989-90)
B. System Enhancements
One of the key objectives of the water program is to increase
the use of information available from water systems by
simplifying access to them. Furthermore, another Water
Program priority is to make the information within the
systems available to a broader user base throughout and
outside the Agency.
The Water Program has a number of efforts underway to
increase user friendliness and availability of its systems.
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FY 1989 - 1990
Information Access and Usefulness
Federal Reporting
Data System (FRDS}
II Project
Personal Assistance
Link (PAL)
Reach File
Enhancements
Access to STORET
Purpose: Increase the use of FRDS for management decisions
and facilitate data entry by the Regions and States.
Accomplishment: Incorporated a number of enhancements,
including new functions, such as non-compliance tracking, that
are available to users and will help them manage State-based
programs more effectively; PC- based data entry procedures
facilitate use of the system. (ODW FY 1989)
Purpose: Increase use of PCS by managers.
Accomplishment: Developed user friendly PC-based
software that allows managers to generate 14 common reports
and increases the use of the system by decision makers. (OWEP,
FY 1989)
Purpose: Increase use of the reach file in analytical work.
Accomplishment: Will enable users access to a substantially
larger set of hydrographic and water data across the United
States for use in OW program analysis and assessments and
multi-media CIS integration. (OWRS, FY 1989-90)
Purpose: Make it easier for non-technical users to use and
operate STORET.
Accomplishment: Implemented menu driven processes and
help features that make it easier for users to analyze and extract
water data from the system, and reduces the cost and time
required to analyze data and produce reports. (OGWP, OIRM,
FY 1989)
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FY 1989 - 1990
Strengthening Partnerships
Goal:
Work with the public and private sectors to create information
networks that support cross-program and cross-media solutions.
Over the past few years, the Water Program has worked
increasingly with Regions, States, local, and tribal governments,
other Federal Agencies, citizen groups, and universities to
fulfill its mission. The Agency has increased its reliance on
broad-based coalitions and State and local initiatives to protect
water resources and resolve pollution problems. Assisting
partners in using Federally-maintained water information is
integral to this evolving partnership. Likewise, we encourage
other programs to share their information as part of the overall
effort to use information effectively.
The Water Program has developed a variety of training and
outreach "tools" to educate and inform our partners about the
information available to help them implement their programs.
The Water Program is also seeking the support and assistance of
other public and private sector groups to collect and disseminate
water-related information so that we utilize our collective
resources effectively.
A. Training and Outreach
A major objective is to increase awareness of information
available and how it can be timely and useful in program
implementation. In FY 1989-90, the Water Program has been
establishing a variety of information networks to provide our
partners with useful and timely information. These efforts
have included creating training courses and forums, bulletin
boards, clearinghouses, and information catalogues to
publicize the availability of water information to potential
users. Several efforts in this area are highlighted in this
section.
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IRM Initiatives and Accomplishments
FY 1989 - 1990
Strengthening Partnerships
Regional Forums
PCS Managers
Training
Public Access to
PCS
OW Electronic
Bulletin Boards
Purpose: Provide an overview of the information in major
water information systems, describe how to access and use
them, and introduce enhancements.
Accomplishment: Conducted eight of a planned ten forums
(the remainder will be conducted in FY 1990) that reached a
large number of potential users, and initiated a dialog between
Headquarters system managers and Regional, State, and local
staff about their systems and information needs. (Steering
Committee for Water Quality Data Systems, FY 1989-90)
Purpose: Increase managers' awareness of what information
is in PCS and its potential use.
Accomplishment: Provides managers with a user-friendly
PC-based course presenting basic training in the use of PCS to
facilitate decision making. (OWEP, FY 1989-90)
Purpose: Increase public access to PCS.
Accomplishment: Developing methods of distributing PCS
data via the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) or
an on-line data base to ensure that the public has access to
information in an automated format. (OWEP, FY 1990)
Purpose: Create a forum for EPA and subscribers to exchange
information by providing a quick and inexpensive mechanism
for its distribution.
Accomplishment: In the process of planning or have
developed several bulletin boards providing timely
information on various program issues:
• Coastal Protection Issues: COASTNET (OMEP, FY 1990)
• Ground-Water Protection: Public Technology Local
Exchange (LEX) (OGWP, FY 1990)
• Regulatory Communication and Knowledge-Based System
(KBASE) (OWP, FY 1990)
• Wastewater Treatment Issues Wastewater Treatment
Information Exchange Bulletin Board (OMPC, FY 1989-90)
(OMEP, OGWP, OWP, OMPC, FY 1989-90)
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FY 1989 - 1990
Strengthening Partnerships
Technology Transfer
and Clearinghouses
PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHTS
Accomplishments
• GIS
* Toxic Release Inventory
Initiatives:
GIS
Electronic Reporting Pilot
Wetlands Fauna! Lists
LISTS Enhancements
Purpose: Improve public access to water information and
publications through central repositories of information and
publications.
Accomplishment: Established several data bases and
clearinghouses that serve as sources of OW program-related
information:
• OW Information Resource Center (WPO, FY 1990)
• Clean Lakes Clearinghouse (OWRS, FY 1989)
• Environmental Financing Network (EFIN) (OMPC, FY 1990-
91)
• Wetlands Data Base (OWP, CENR, CSG, FY 1989)
• OGWP State Files Database (OGWP, FY 1989)
• Drinking Water Hotline (ODW)
• EPA Library Water Collection (OW, FY 1989-90) (WPO,
OWRS, OMPC, FY 1989-90)
B. Joint Projects
The scope and direction of the Water Program is shifting to a
more locally-oriented focus that, due to the complexity of the
problems localities face, increasingly require integrated
problem solving and information management. At the same
time resources to accomplish this mission remain scarce.
Therefore, it has become important to 4300! resources with
our public and private partners to collect, store, and
disseminate water information. An advantage of these
cooperative efforts is that they encourage the development of
mutually compatible information management systems,
common minimum data sets, standard data definitions, and
consistent monitoring protocols. The result is higher quality
information available to support decision making and to
evaluate program effectiveness. Efforts in this area are
highlighted in this section.
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IRM Initiatives and Accomplishments
FY 1989 - 1990
Strengthening Partnerships
Geographic
Information Systems
(GIS)
Electronic Reporting
Pilot
Toxic Release
Inventory
Enhancement of
LISTS
Purpose: Improve management decisions by integrating
different types of data and displaying them spatially.
Accomplishment: Developed local innovative decision
making tools for characterization, protection, and management
of natural resources. Specific projects include:
• Boston Harbor Monitoring Project (OMEP, Region I, FY 89)
• GIS as a support tool for decision-making in the Wellhead
Protection (WHP) Program (OGWP, Regions I, III, VII, IX, X,
FY 1990)
• Trinity River and Dallas/Fort Worth GIS Project (OWP,
Region VI, FY 1989)
• Big River GIS Project (OWP, Region I, URI, FY 1989)
Purpose: Reduce reporting burden on permitted facilities
through the use of electronic submission of Discharge
Monitoring Reports (DMRs) from permitted facilities into PCS,
and provide higher quality data to State and Federal agencies.
Accomplishment: Will develop working prototype that
reduces manual data entry by Tennessee State staff. (Region IV,
TV A, OWEP, FY 1990)
Purpose: Promote effective use of TRI data by water program
offices.
Accomplishment: Developed action plans to use TRI data as
a screening tool in various water programs. (OWRS, OWEP,
ODW, FY 1989-90)
Purpose: Improve access to standard analytical methods
commonly used by the Agency.
Accomplishment: Will implement Cataloging Steering
Group recommendations to enhance LISTS to satisfy the
Agency's need for a data base to incorporate standard
analytical methods. (Cataloging Steering Group, OWRS, FY
1990)
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Strengthening Partnerships
Wetlands Fauna/ Purpose: Enable permit writers to use wetlands faunal lists in
Lists evaluating dredge and fill permits.
Accomplishment: Will develop lists that identify the type
and likely presence of flora and fauna in wetland communities.
CINQ OWP, FY 1990)
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Office Automation:
The State of IRM for Water Programs
Goal: Increase the use of office automation technology to improve
staff productivity and facilitate information exchange among
water programs.
Information management in the Water Program is
continuously changing due to the availability of newer
automation tools and the evolving needs of the programs.
Over the past two years, the Water Program has experienced a
dramatic change in its operating environment. During FY 1989
and 1990, the number of PCs in the Water Program increased
from approximately 300 to more than 600. Approximately 75
percent of Office of Water staff have a personal computer work
station.
These workstations have increased the number of tools
available to help us maintain our productivity and improve
our effectiveness as we meet a changing set of program
objectives (e.g., tracking and analyzing work, statistical analyses,
desktop publishing, presentation graphics). Thus far, some
manual processes have been replaced by automated systems.
However, we have far to go before we are using the personal
computer workstation in a way that dynamically realizes the
potential of office automation.
To that end, we are beginning to increase efforts in training,
staff development, and ongoing needs analyses to capitalize on
our investment in technology. This chapter describes the Water
Program's automation activities, which include planning and
acquisition, training, and office procedures automation.
A. Planning
Several Offices within the Water Program are conducting
projects to improve their automation capabilities. The Office of
Drinking Water's State Programs Division has formed an office
automation workgroup that meets weekly to discuss office
automation issues. The workgroup is composed of
representatives from each branch and section within the
division. The group's purpose is to identify and develop
strategies for implementing the division's short term and long
term automation needs. Currently, the workgroup's focus is on
short term needs, such as assessing the division's need for
training, setting up a library of training materials, and setting
priorities for hardware and software purchases. In the near
future, the focus will shift to meeting long term goals.
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Office Automation:
The State of IRM for Water Programs
The Office of Ground-Water Protection has formed an
Information Management Committee consisting of
representatives throughout OGWP. The committee's purpose
is to discuss issues and problems that have arisen with the
office's automation equipment. The committee sets priorities
based on the professional needs of the staff, and then makes
recommendations to OGWP management regarding the types
of equipment the office should purchase.
The Office of Municipal Pollution Control has begun
conversion to a PC Local Area Network (LAN), which will be
completed in FY 1990. The LAN will increase productivity and
performance by enabling file sharing and will decrease
hardware and software costs.
B. Training
Currently, most water program staff and managers do not take
full advantage of the PC's capability to provide them with easy
access to a large amount of information to support decision
making. Our goal for FY 1990-91 is to overcome this obstacle by
improving the utilization of existing computer resources and by
helping to encourage managers and staff to recognize the value
of using PCs to save time and effort.
To accomplish this goal, the programs are being encouraged to
explore and select approaches tailored to meet their specific
needs. For example, the Office of Ground-Water Protection has
used on-site WIC Specialists to assist with education and
training of OGWP staff; responsibilities have included
developing brown bag seminars on word processing topics, such
as creating tables and outlines, using fonts, and using columns.
C. Office Procedures Automation
During the past few years, the Water Program's use of PC-based
software for administrative activities has increased. Programs
are beginning to rely on PCs to support every day activities, such
as budget, tracking, electronic mail, and desktop publishing. For
example, most programs now have PC-based correspondence
tracking systems, and OWEP uses a dBASE application to track
Regional proposals and funding for special projects.
Many Water Program staff avoid using EPA's mainframe
because they find it difficult to use. Several offices are
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Office Automation:
The State of IRM for Water Programs
developing "user-friendly front ends" to assist staff in using the
mainframe for program and administrative purposes. For
instance, to develop its Spotlight Report, OWEP downloads data
from the EPA mainframe to a PC, where the data is
manipulated, and subsequently uploaded back to the
mainframe to generate maps.
As automation of office procedures expands, water program
offices will work together to develop effective and tailored
training programs and promote technology transfer among the
offices through better communication. In the coming year (FY
1990-91), the Water Program will place more emphasis on
facilitating the development of tailored training programs and
effective communication forums to share project results to help
eliminate duplication of effort.
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Looking Ahead
This is the first in a series of tools designed to improve
communication about the information the water program
manages, how to obtain it, and our efforts to enhance its
availability and usefulness.
The focus of the next issue of the annual report will be
expanded to include discussion on several additional areas. For
instance, EPA is placing increasing emphasis on efforts taking
advantage of projects in other Federal agencies to acquire
information to support Agency decision making. Other areas
receiving more attention are quality assurance/quality control
issues, which include items such as monitoring protocols and
data verification, and information collection issues such as ICR
development. Finally, the next issue will highlight our
continuing efforts to encourage the increased understanding
and use of automation in the workplace.
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FY 1989 - 1990
Acronyms
CENR Center for Environmental and Natural Resources
CSG Council of State Governments
DMR Discharge Monitoring Report
CIS Geographic Information System
EFIN Environmental Financing Network
FRDS Federal Reporting Data System
IBM Information Resources Management
KBASE Regulatory Communication/Knowledge-Based System
LAN Local Area Network
LEX Ground-Water Protection: Public Technology Local
Exchange
NCC National Computer Center
NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
NTIS National Technical Information Service
ODW Office of Drinking Water
OGWP Office of Ground-Water Protection
OIRM Office of Information Resources Management
OMPC Office of Municipal Pollution Control
OMEP Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection
OW Office of Water
OIVEP Office of Water Enforcement and Permits
OIVP Office of Wetlands Protection
OWRS Office of Water Resources and Standards
PAL Personal Assistance Link
PC Personal Computer
PCS Permits Compliance System
SAIMS Source Assessment and Information Management Staff
SIRMO Senior Information Resources Management Officer
STORET STOrage and RETrieval Data Base
TNC The Nature Conservancy
TRI Toxic Release Inventory
TVA Tennessee Valley Authority
U 1C Underground Injection Control
URI University of Rhode Island
WHP Wellhead Protection
IVIC Washington Information Center
IVPO Water Policy Office
WTIE Wastewater Treatment Information Exchange
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