United States       Solid Waste and
              Environmental Protection  Emergency Response
              Agency          (5305)
                         EPA530--R-94-040
                           PB95-105417
                           October 1994
vxEPA
National Capacity
Assessment Report:
Capacity Planning Pursuant
to CERCLA Section 104(c)(9)
                       DRAFT
                       DRAFT
                                 Recycled/Recyclable
                                 Printed on recycled paper that contains at
                                 least 50% post-consumer recycled fiber

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                        DRAFT
NATIONAL CAPACITY ASSESSMENT REPORT:
  Capacity Planning Pursuant to CERCLA Section 104(c)(9)
                      United States
             Environmental  Protection  Agency
                    401 M Street SW
                  Washington, DC 20460
                        DRAFT
                            U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                            Region 5, Library (PL-12J)
                            77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th Floor
                            Chicago, 1L 60604-3590

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                                           TABLE OF CONTENTS
          Executive Summary                             .                                     2
          Introduction                                                                        4
          Background                                                                        5
          Overview of State Phase 1 Activities                                                   5
                 Data Development                                                            6
                 Other Information in the Phase 1 Submittals                                      8
                 The 1994 CAPs and the 1991 BRS National Report                                8
          Overview of EPA Phase 1 Activities                                                   9
          Methodology Issues                                                                  10
                 Theoretical versus Practical Capacity                                            10
                 CAP Management Categories                                                   10
                 Effects of Regulatory Changes on Capacity                                       11
                 Demand from Wastes Generated by Small Quantity Generators                      11
                 Demand from Nonhazardous Wastes                                            12
                 Demand from Mixed Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes                           12
                 Economic Effects on Capacity                                                  12
          Discussion  of National Data Aggregated by EPA                                         13
v-,-               National Assessment of Future Capacity                                          13
,                 Conclusions                                                                  15
~C)       References                                                         '                 22
          Appendix A: Demand Data Submitted by States                                          23
          Appendix B: Commercial Capacity Data Submitted by States                               37
          Appendix C: Adjustments to Commercial Capacity Data                                  51
          Appendix D: List of Commercial Facilities                                              55
          Appendix E: CAP Management Categories                                              77

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Executive Summary

       Section 104 (c) (9) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA) requires States to assure that adequate capacity exists to manage hazardous
wastes generated in their State for 20 years before EPA can expend any Superfund Remedial Action
Trust funds in the State. Under a program the Agency has implemented to help States fulfill this
statutory mandate,  States submitted Capacity Assurance Plans (CAPs) to the Agency as the basis of
their assurance.  The first CAPs were submitted to the Agency in 1989.  For these CAPs, each State
had to demonstrate that it had sufficient in-state capacity or agreements  with other States to assure
capacity for 20 years. Because of concerns raised by the States over the 1989 CAP process, the
Agency worked closely with the States to  develop a CAP process focusing on national capacity. On
May  I, 1994,  the States submitted CAPs to the Agency pursuant to the May, 1993 Guidance for
Capacity Assurance Planning, OSWER Directive 9010.02. This Report describes the outcome of the
CAP process pursuant to this Guidance.

       The Agency has conducted an analysis based on the information contained in the CAPs
submitted May 1, 1994, along with other  information that was available to EPA, which shows that
there exists adequate national capacity.  The Agency will use this analysis, together with other data
that becomes available, in evaluating whether the assurance requirement of CERCLA  104  (c)(9) has
been met when entering into contracts or cooperative agreements with States.  This draft Report
assesses the data used during this analysis and presents the resolutions to a number of methodological
issues raised in conducting this assessment.

       The States' CAP submissions contained data demonstrating knowledge of their existing
hazardous waste management systems and projecting through 2013 the demand for commercial
management and the commercial management capacity for treating these hazardous wastes. Data was
presented for the years 1991, 1993, 1999, and 2013 in 14 different waste management categories and
focused primarily on wastes regulated under Subtitle C of RCRA.

       The Agency reviewed the State-submitted data for consistency and accuracy. EPA then
calculated the total  national maximum demand on commercial Subtitle C management  by aggregating
the States' projected demand and commercial capacity in the year 2013.  Based on this calculation,
the Agency believes that sufficient national capacity for the management of hazardous waste exists
through 2013,  per the CERCLA 104 (c)(9) requirement.  This analysis, which appears in Table VI of
the Report, also accounts for the possible effects of future rulemakings  on capacity as well as for the
demand placed on commercial treatment capacity from nonhazardous wastes and small quantity
generators.

        While the Agency's analysis has shown that there is adequate national capacity through 2013,
States, market areas and/or regional groupings of States should continue hazardous waste planning
activities.  Further planning activities will add to States' knowledge of their hazardous waste
management systems, help  them implement waste minimization programs, and encourage companies
to replace inefficient treatment technologies with safer and more innovative technologies.  Moreover,
the national hazardous waste management system is dynamic, as shown by the ongoing consolidation
and restructuring of the hazardous waste treatment  industry. Thus, there is no guarantee that the
current projected surpluses of hazardous waste management capacity will continue to exist. Because
of this, the Agency will continue to assess the national capacity situation. Accordingly, although the

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Agency believes the information presented in this draft Report accurately portrays the adequacy of
future management capacity, the Agency will continue to collect and evaluate additional data to ensure
that the requirements of CERCLA 104 (c)(9) are satisfied.

       The .Agency is providing this draft Report to the States and the public for comment on the,
data and the procedures  used to conduct the assessment.  Based on the comments received on this
Report, the Agency will modify, as appropriate, its assessment.

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Introduction

       Section 104 (c)(9) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act (CERCLA), or Superfund law, requires States to assure mat adequate capacity exists to manage
hazardous wastes generated in their state for 20 years before EPA can expend any Superfund Remedial
Action Trust funds in the States. Under a program that EPA has implemented to help States fulfill mis
statutory mandate, States submitted Capacity Assurance Plans (CAPS) as the basis of their assurance. EPA
men conducted an assessment of data from these plans to analyze the future availability of management
capacity nationally for me next 20 years.
                                          -\

       The Agency's assessment indicates that there exists adequate capacity nationwide through 2013.
This assessment was made in accordance with the procedures established in OSWER Directive 9010.02,
Guidance for Capacity Assurance Planning, dated May 1993, and was based on the data submitted by the
States in their CAPs as weH as other information that was available to EPA. In the case of States that did
not submit a CAP, EPA used preliminary data submitted by these States when conducting the assessment

       This draft Report describes: (1) the Agency's assessment that adequate national capacity exists, (2)
the Agency's methodology used to conduct this assessment, and (3) the data used to conduct this
assessment The Agency welcomes any comments on this Report as well as any new data mat could
supplement the Agency's assessment. Please send comments to:

              RCRA Docket Information Center
              Office of Solid Waste (5305)
              Environmental Protection Agency
              401 M Street, SW
              Washington, D.C. 20460.

All comments must include docket number F-94-CARA-FFFF.

       Based on the comments received on this Report, the Agency will modify, as appropriate, its
assessment and make available any revised assessment by publishing a notice of availability in the Federal
Register to that effect If any revised assessment identifies a shortfall in any management categories, those
States contributing to the shortfall(s) will be notified by the Agency to submit additional information that
addresses any identified  shortfalls) in accordance with OSWER Directive 9010.02.

       Finally, CERCLA 104 (cX9) requires that before Superfund remedial action Trust funds are
provided, the State in which the release occurs must first enter into a contract or cooperative agreement
providing assurances of the availability of adequate hazardous waste treatment or disposal capacity.
Because the hazardous waste universe is dynamic, before contracts or cooperative agreements are signed
with States, the Agency will utilize the assessment detailed in this Report, together with additional data, as
appropriate, to ensure that the requirements of CERCLA 104 (cX9) are satisfied.

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Background

       The Agency's current policy and process for implementing the CERCLA 104 (c)(9) capacity
assurance requirement is presented in the Guidance for Capacity Assurance Planning document dated
May 1993, hereafter referred to as the Guidance.  The Guidance describes a three-phased approach
for States to assure the future availability of hazardous waste management capacity.  The three-phased
approach involves assessing capacity on a national level (Phase 1); addressing any projected shortfalls
by States that have a demand exceeding their supply of capacity in a shortfall management category
through waste minimization and continued development of both capacity that is permitted but not
constructed and capacity with draft permits (Phase 2);  and reevaJuation of projected national capacity
and addressing remaining national shortfalls with further state planning and waste minimization
activities (Phase 3). This Report describes only the Phase 1 activities conducted to evaluate national
capacity availability.  At this time, the Agency does not anticipate the need  for the submission of
Phase 2 or Phase 3 CAPs from the States.

Overview of State Phase-1 Activities

       States prepared Phase 1  CAP submissions that were due to the Agency on May  1, 1994. The
submissions consisted primarily  of six data tables titled:

       Table 1. 1991 Hazardous Waste Generated and Managed On Site;

       Table 2. 1991 Management of Hazardous Waste  in Captive Systems;

       Table 3. 1991 Management of Hazardous Waste  in Commercial Systems;

       Table 4. Maximum Operational In-state Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity;

       Table 5. Demand for Commercial  Hazardous Waste Management Capacity from Recurrent
                Waste Expected to be Generated in State; and

       Table 6. Expected Maximum in-state Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity.

       States' Phase 1 CAP submissions, including these data tables, are available in EPA's RCRA
Docket Pocket number  F-92-CAGA-FFFF).   The first four tables demonstrate States'  knowledge of
their existing hazardous waste management systems; the last two tables show projected future demand
for commercial management and projected  commercial management capacity quantities for hazardous
waste. The data provided by the States in the projection tables (i.e., Table  5 and Table 6), along with
additional information on non-hazardous and Small Quantity Generator waste generation, were used
by the Agency as the basis for its assessment that adequate future national capacity exists for the
treatment and disposal of hazardous waste pursuant to Section 104 (c)(9) through the year 2013. The
CAP submissions focused primarily on wastes regulated under Subtitle C of RCRA.  The Agency,
when assessing capacity, also accounted for the impact of Subtitle D wastes.

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       Some States chose to submit their CAP data collectively so as to be considered a single entity
for the purposes of the Phase  1 national assessment.  The collective submittals demonstrated these
States' commitment to proactive dialogue for addressing regional waste management needs and
provided an opportunity for these States to not have to submit a Phase 2 CAP.  This opportunity
would occur if EPA's national assessment identified projected national shortfalls but the States
submitting collectively had no projected shortfalls themselves, as demonstrated by combining their
data.

       The Agency provided States wishing to submit Phase 1 collectively the option to have the
Agency present their individual data in aggregate form in this Report. The Agency received two
collective submittals: one from the Western Regional Agreement, which consists of all the States in
EPA Regions 8, 9, and  10, as well as Kansas, Nebraska, and Guam, and the other from the States of
EPA Region 6.  Only the States in the Western Regional Agreement asked that their data be presented
in an  aggregate form. In this Report, data from participants in the Western Regional Agreement are
presented as the "Western States."  All State-submitted data in CAP Tables 5 and 6 are presented in
Appendix A and Appendix B of this Report.

       Data Development

       The Phase 1  CAP submittals were primarily data submittals. Most States used the Biennial
Reporting System (BRS) and the methodology in the Guidance to develop their data.  Biennial
Reports are completed by hazardous waste generators and  treatment, storage, and disposal facilities
every two years.  The types of information  requested  in the Biennial Report on hazardous waste
include the quantity, nature, disposition, and the efforts taken to reduce the volume and toxicity of
hazardous waste. Some States used BRS-equivalent data sources to prepare their CAPs.

        EPA  provided States with instructions on how to use BRS data to produce these tables in the
Agency's Using Table Talk to Prepare CAP Tables Instructions Manual (This document is available
for review  in the RCRA Docket).  The Table Talk Manual  showed the States how to develop demand
and capacity  information and categorize it into  14 hazardous waste management categories using the
BRS system type codes.  A discusion of the management categories appears in Appendix E of this
Report.  Following is a summary of the methodology used by most States to develop their data.

Baseyear Data

        The first step in developing data for the CAP submissions was to generate what the Agency
refers to in the Guidance as "baseyear" demand and capacity data.   The year 1991 is the baseyear for
most  States because it is the most recent year for which States had a complete BRS database.   States
manipulated the 1991 BRS data to estimate  the demand for Subtitle C management capacity for on-
site, captive, and commercial systems and the available quantities of commercial Subtitle C
management  capacity for the  14 CAP management categories. States that had 1992 data available
chose to use  that data instead, thereby avoiding some of the baseline data adjustments described in the
following paragraph.

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Baseline Data

        After obtaining their baseyear data, States had to adjust their demand and capacity data to
change it from raw data to data usable for making projections.  This adjusted set of data is referred to
as baseline data and was used  as the starting point for projecting future hazardous waste generation
and management.  Developing baseline demand data required adjusting the baseyear data, such as
allocating the responsibility for assuring the adequacy of landfill capacity for certain treatment
residuals (e.g.,  incinerator ash and stabilized residues)'to those States where the waste was originally
generated.  Baseline capacity data did not differ from baseyear capacity data.  It includes the capacity
from operational units, including those boilers and industrial furnaces (BIFs) which  came under
RCRA regulation during 1991, and are operating under interim status.

1993 Projection Data

        After developing their baseline data, States developed data for the first projection year, 1993.
States made projections only for recurrent wastes; States were not responsible for projecting one-time
waste demand.  Because of the substantial burden developing the one-time waste projections would
have placed on the States, the  Agency agreed to  develop these projections. The document One-time
Waste Estimates for Capacity Assurance Planning (available in the RCRA Docket) describes the
methodologies used and the projections developed.  To move from baseline to the 1993 projection
year, States adjusted both their baseline demand  and commercial capacity data. The 1993 data is the
baseline data adjusted to account for:

        *      The shift in the management of wastes  from land disposal  and  land farming to
               alternate management practices due  to the Land Disposal Restrictions requirements
               that were effective in 1992 and, consequently, not  reflected in  the 1991 baseyear data;

        *      The ultimate management of in-state wastes initially shipped to transfer/storage
               facilities;

        *      The changes in capacity caused by commercial management facilities opening or
               closing between 1991 (or 1992, for  those States using 1992 data) and 1993; and

        *      The decreases  of in-state landfill capacity to reflect the depletion of landfill capacity
               over time.  Unlike other forms of management, once a portion of a landfill is utilized,
               this volume will continue to contain waste and not be available for use in future years.

1999 Projection Data

        As recommended in the Guidance,  States also developed projections for  1999.  The Agency
believes that this year is the furthest year for  which reasonably accurate projections  from 1993 could
be made.  Generally, based on Agency recommendations. States reported in their CAPs that demand
on Subtitle C management capacity and commercial Subtitle C capacity remained constant between
1993 and  1999.  Changes in demand and capacity reported by the States reflect plant closures, the
completion of construction of permitted facilities, shifts in the kind of management certain wastes
receive, and the declassification of certain wastes as hazardous.  As with the 1993 data, States
accounted for the depletion of landfill capacity between 1993 and 1999 and the impact of closures of
treatment and/or disposal units.  States also included as capacity in the 1999 projection year other

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commercial units that are permitted, constructed, and operating partially, as well as capacity from
unopened cells in permitted landfills. Capacity from unopened cells in permitted landfills was also
included by the States in the 1993 and 2013 projection years.

2013 Projection Data

       The States' 2013 projections were made to meet the requirements of CERCLA 104 (c)(9) for
a 20-year assurance.  These projections were used by the Agency to conduct its national assessment.
As recommended for the 2013 projection years, States held their demand constant from the 1999
levels. States also held their maximum  available commercial Subtitle C capacity constant from 1999,
again  except for commercial landfill capacity, which was depleted over the projection  period, or
where it was known that a commercial facility will close.

       Other  Information in the Phase 1 CAP Submittals

       Along  with the data tables, most States also included in their Phase 1 submittals a narrative
description of their current and planned waste minimization programs, written descriptions of changes
in their State hazardous waste systems since their last CAP submissions (in 1992), a discussion of
public participation efforts undertaken to inform citizens about hazardous waste planning activities,
information regarding collective State planning efforts, and a list of commercial facilities in their
State.

       The 1994 CAPs and the 1991 BRS National Report

       Although most States used the 1991 BRS data to prepare their 1994 CAPs, there will be
differences between the data in the 1991 BRS National Report and the data contained in this Report
and the CAPs  submitted by States. The 1991 BRS National Report data and the CAP  data are not
directly comparable for the following reasons:

        *      The 1991 BRS National Report identifies quantities of RCRA waste generated based
               upon the regulatory definition for hazardous waste and therefore excludes from any
               national analysis RCRA wastes reported as managed in systems exempt from RCRA
               permitting requirements. The CAP identifies the potential demand for RCRA Subtitle
               C capacity and therefore, may include RCRA wastes that were shipped offsite to be
               managed  in systems exempt from RCRA permitting requirements.

        *      The BRS reports demand on capacity from wastewaters, which includes direct
               discharges to a sewer and direct discharge to surface water under NPDES.  Both of
               these are excluded in the CAPs because  they are managed in RCRA-exempt units.

        4      For their CAPs, States allocated "other" and "unknown" categories of BRS data to the
               appropriate management categories using their best judgement or other data sources.

        *      Some States used information in their own State data systems (usually  containing
               information derived from manifests), not BRS data, to prepare their CAPs.

        *      The 1991 BRS Report includes data that are excluded from the CAPs, such as mixed
               radioactive and  hazardous waste.

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        *     CAP data contain the capacity from some RCRA-exempt commercial recyclers that
              the BRS data does not capture.

Overview of EPA Phase 1 Activities

       EPA's primary role in Phase 1 was to ensure consistency among State data so that a national
aggregation would be meaningful and evaluate the CAP methodology to identify problems with the
methodology.  EPA compiled the data submitted by the States as well as other available information
and assessed the  total national maximum demand  on commercial Subtitle C management by CAP
Management Category for all projection years by:

       (1)    Aggregating State projected demand for management of recurrent waste at
              commercial management systems;

       (2)    Reducing this sum by 10 percent1 in the year 2013 to recognize ongoing
              waste minimization efforts; and

       (3)    Adding to this aggregation estimates of demand  on commercial hazardous
              waste management capacity from  one-time waste generation.

       Once the national aggregate demand was calculated, the Agency assessed the maximum
operational commercial capacity available nationwide by aggregating each State's Agency-adjusted
maximum capacity projected for all projection years by CAP Management Category.  The Agency
then compared national demand to national supply to assess the  availability of future management
capacity for hazardous wastes.

Methodology  Issues

       Upon reviewing the data submitted by the States, the Agency identified some issues it needed
to address before it could complete the assessment of national capacity.  The following discussion
describes the issues  and their resolution. Because obtaining accurate capacity estimates is difficult,
most of the resolutions err on the side of overestimating demand and underestimating capacity. In a
few  situations, EPA resolved some CAP methodology issues through adjustments to specific State-
submitted data.  All adjustments to specific State data are described  in Appendix C. The Agency
solicits comments on the following methodology issues and associated resolutions.

       Theoretical versus Practical Capacity

       The Agency found that some capacity information on the "Process System" BRS forms was
not realistic for purposes of capacity assurance planning because sometimes the reported BRS  capacity
was  actually the  maximum theoretical design capacity of the facility.  To evaluate capacity for the
facilities where this  happened, the Agency calculated a practical operating capacity reflecting real-time
operational limitations.  Real-time operational limitations include such considerations as down-time,
    1  This figure was obtained after consultation with the States as a conservative estimate of the
effect*; of existing waste minimization activities on the generation of recurrent wastes.

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permit restrictions, and the optimization of operation for profit.

       A confounding variable to the problem of excessive reported capacity is the conversion of
estimates into consistent units of measurement. Theoretical management system design capacity
estimates are often measured in units such as British Thermal Units (BTU) per hour for incinerators
and cubic yards for landfills.  Since "tonnage" was the measurement unit requested for all CAP
information, many facility capacities had to be converted to tons.  This was done by making
assumptions about operating conditions and average waste characteristics.  For example,  when an
incinerator designed on a BTU per hour basis is converted to tons per year, assumptions  about
average waste heating value and density need to be made.  Often the assumptions developed assumed
ideal, not real-time operation.

       To resolve the issue of theoretical versus practical capacity, the Agency compared the State-
reported  capacities to other data sources (e.g., the Hazardous Waste Treatment Council Industry
Survey and the El Digest - see References section).  The Agency assigned practical capacity amounts
to the facilities whose capacities differed most substantially from the data sources available to the
Agency.  These facilities are noted in Appendix C.

       CAP Management Categories

       The CAP Management Categories  "Incineration - Sludges/Solids" and "Energy Recovery -
Sludges/Solids" were developed assuming they would capture capacity only for nonpumpable wastes
(i.e., wastes that could not be injection-fed into a combustion unit); however, some liquid injection
incinerators reported in the BRS capacity for these categories as well as for "Incineration - Liquids
and  Gases and "Energy Recovery - Liquids".  As the Agency discovered, this double-counting
primarily occurred due to the wide interpretations of the term "sludge."  To address this  issue,  the
Agency developed pumpable and nonpumpable categories  and included in these categories the
appropriate system  types.

        The Agency also found that the BRS system codes for management by "Incineration" and
 "Energy Recovery" were reported inconsistently by generators and combustion facilities  when they
described how wastes were being managed.  To address this issue for purposes of the capacity
assessment, the Agency combined the categories into  the two combustion management  categories -
Combustion - pumpable and Combustion - nonpumpable.  The Agency is specifically taking comment
on the appropriateness of combining these  management categories.

        Effects of Regulatory Changes on Capacity

        The CAP methodology only incorporates EPA regulations finalized by 1992.  In order to
conduct  a broader capacity assessment, the Agency reviewed the major EPA regulatory developments
 since  1992 that may effect capacity.  This  review indicates that the not-yet-proposed Hazardous Waste
 Identification  Rulemaking (HWIR) and the Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) rulemakings probably
 would have the most  impact on Subtitle C  waste management.

         HWIR is an ongoing Agency effort which,  if finalized, may modify the definition of
 hazardous waste.  HWIR may decrease the demand from one-time and recurrent wastes on
 commercial Subtitle C capacity.  HWIR probably will encompass two proposals.  "HWIR-waste"
 could modify certain  regulations regulating "listed" hazardous waste.  Certain current regulations,

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including the "mixture" and "derived-from" rules, apply to listed wastes regardless of the
concentration and the mobility of toxicants in the wastes, thereby regulating certain low risk waste, in
particular, treatment residuals. The modifications could establish exemption standards for these low
risk listed hazardous waste. Additionally, the exempted wastes would no longer be subject to some of
the hazardous waste management requirements.  "HWIR-media" could modify the regulations for
media contaminated with hazardous wastes (analogous to one-time wastes).  This modification could
allow media contaminated with hazardous wastes that have low concentrations of hazardous
constituents to be regulated under rules less stringent than Subtitle C.

       Land Disposal Restrictions  (LDR) regulations set treatment standards for the disposal of
hazardous wastes.  EPA has developed six major LDR rulemakings to date.  Most recently, the
Agency's LDR Phase II rule (59 FR 47982) set treatment standards for wastes that have been
identified as characteristically hazardous due to the presence of 25 organic constituents identified in
the recent toxicity characteristic (TC) rule, coke and coke by-product wastes, cholorotoluene wastes
and soil contaminated with the above listed wastes.  Since the majority of these wastes contain organic
constituents, the combustion technologies are most likely to be affected by this new rulemaking (see
discussion later in this Report for our assessment.)

       Demand from Wastes Generated by Small Quantity Generators

       States were not asked to account for the demand from  small quantity generators (SQGs) in
their CAPs because SQGs are not required by federal law to complete a Biennial Report form.
Although most States cannot gather SQG information from their State BRS data bases, EPA was able
to obtain estimates of the demand on commercial management from SQGs using the BRS National
Oversight Database2.  EPA identified the generators  of waste that was received by commercial
hazardous waste management facilities in 1991 by examining the commercial waste management
facilities' Biennial Report Waste Received (WR) forms. The Agency deleted from this list the
generators who reported on the Biennial Report Information and Certification (1C) forms that they
were large quantity generators or did not generate hazardous waste in 1991.  The Agency then  used
information from commercial facilities who reported receiving waste from the remaining list of
generators (i.e., the potential  SQGs) to determine how SQG wastes were managed.  This analysis
showed that SQG wastes comprise only about one percent of all hazardous wastes received by
commercial treatment facilities nationally.

       Demand from Nonhazardous Wastes

        Along these same lines, many States were unable to obtain the demand from nonhazardous
waste from their State BRS databases.  Nonhazardous refers to those wastes not characterized as State
hazardous nor defined  as RCRA hazardous.  The overall trend for nonhazardous wastes is that  it is
being disposed increasingly in Subtitle D instead of Subtitle C landfills.

        While the demand for capacity from nonhazardous waste varies considerably by CAP
Management Category, the demand from nonhazardous wastes as it relates to assessment of future
capacity primarily affects the landfill CAP management category since landfill capacity depletes
    2 The BRS National Oversight Database is maintained by EPA and contains BRS data from all
 states, including those that do not use the Biennial Report Forms.

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overtime.  EPA was able to estimate landfill demand from nonhazardous waste by talking with the
treatment industry and using estimates found in literature (see column titled:  "Non-RCRA Industrial
Wastes" in Table VI).

       Demand from Mixed Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes

       States were not asked to report future demand estimates for mixed hazardous and radioactive
wastes because the development of management capacity for these wastes involves overcoming the
many difficult technical problems involved in the treatment and transportation of these wastes  in
addition to concerns about human exposure to radiation.  EPA believes that it is inappropriate to
assess these difficult-to-treat wastes as part of the CAP process and believes  that a new planning
exercise required by the Federal Facility Compliance Act will ensure that the wastes are properly
managed.  The Agency will monitor the effectiveness of the planning process that will be used to
implement the Federal Facility Compliance Act as a substitute for addressing mixed  waste in the CAP
process.

       Economic  Effects on Capacity

       Finally, States did not account for industrial growth or decline by projecting the impact of
economic  changes on waste generation and management due to  questions regarding the accuracy of
currently available projection methods. EPA also did not consider economic effects  in its assessment
because it has not formulated a methodology to accurately incorporate the effects of  economics on
waste generation over a 20-year timeframe. EPA will continue to investigate this issue as it pertains
to hazardous waste management planning.

Discussion of National Data Aggregated by EPA

       The following tables, which appear on pages 16  - 21 of the Report, reflect EPA's aggregation
of the State-submitted data tables.  Again,  the Agency adjusted some of the State-submitted capacity
data. These adjustments appear in Appendix C.

        Table I, titled "1991 National Baseyear Data Representing Hazardous Waste Generated and
 Managed  On Site" shows a national aggregation of 1991 baseyear demand data for waste managed
 onsite.  This table consists of data  from the summation of States' CAP Table 1.

        Table II, titled "1991 National Baseyear Data Representing Management of Hazardous Waste
 in Captive Systems" presents States' CAP Table 2 data aggregated nationally.  This  information was
 obtained by summing the quantities reported by States as wastes generated and managed in-state at
 captive facilities with the quantities of waste that are exported to captive facilities in other States.
 Captive facilities are facilities owned by the same company as the off-site generator.  Their capacity
 can only be used by generators under the same ownership or by generators with whom the facility has
 an agreement to manage their waste.

        Table III,  titled "1991 National Baseyear Data Representing Management of Hazardous Waste
 in Commercial Systems" reports data direct from the State-submitted CAP Tables 3  and 4.  These
 data were used as  the starting point in developing projections.  National demand figures for the
 baseyear  were calculated by adding exports to  wastes generated and managed in-state from State-


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submitted CAP Table 3 and summing the maximum operational in-state commercial management from
State-submitted CAP Table 4.

       Table IV, titled "National Baseline and Projected Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste
Management Capacity" reports aggregated State demand for commercial capacity.  This table sums
the baseyear and projections recurrent waste demand data as reported by the States in their CAP
Table 5 with Agency adjustments.  Attached in Appendix A are the individual State-submitted tables
showing this information. Also included in Table IV aire the one-time waste estimates nationally
aggregated for each  projection year.

       Table V, titled "National Baseline and Projected National Commercial Subtitle C Management
Capacity" shows capacity data for the baseline and projection years submitted by States in their CAP
Table 6 with Agency adjustments (which appear in Appendix C).  Appendix B contains the individual
State-submitted tables showing this information.  Also, Appendix D lists the commercial management
facilities that provide this capacity to the nation.

       National Assessment of Future Capacity

       Table VI, titled "National Capacity Assessment of Projected Remaining Commercial  Subtitle
C Capacity Not Utilized by Hazardous  Wastes"  shows  in the first column maximum available
commercial capacity from Table V minus the demand for 2013 from  Table IV.  The second, third,
and fourth columns  estimate the impact of the additional increases in  demand not accounted for in the
CAP approach.  The Land Disposal Restrictions Phase II rulemaking, Small Quantity Generators, and
Industrial Subtitle D wastes will all place additional demand on capacity.  The final column shows the
Agency's assessment of future capacity when considering the impacts of future Agency regulatory
activities and the impact of waste demand not included in the State CAPs.

Assessment of New Rulemakings on Projected National Capacity

       Although the LDR Phase II rulemaking will probably increase the demand for all treatments,
the solids combustion category  will be most affected by this rulemaking. Table VI indicates  that
based on information made available with that rulemaking that there will still exist sufficient
combustion capacity for managing the hazardous wastes expected to be generated nationwide. In the
next few  years,  the  LDR program plans to finalize Phase III and Phase IV rulemakings.  Both these
rulemakings may increase the need for treatment capacity; however, EPA anticipates that future
increases in demand for treatment of hazardous wastes  due  to the impact of the LDR program may be
offset by the impact of HWIR.  Regardless of the impact of the LDR Phase II and HWIR
rulemakings,  EPA believes the States have shown for the purpose of  CERCLA 104 (c) (9) that there
exists adequate capacity nationwide through 2013.

Assessment of EPA Demand Estimates on Projected National Capacity

       Although information on SQG waste could not  be extracted from most individual States'
databases, an analysis of the  1991 national BRS data showed that the  demand from SQGs accounts for
only 1 percent of the total demand on commercial Subtitle C management across all CAP
Management Categories.  The percentage contribution of SQGs on demand varies by CAP
Management Category but is generally  less than 4 percent of the total waste managed in each
category.  The Agency accounted for national demand from SQGs on commercial Subtitle C  capacity

                                             13

-------
by using percentage estimates from the 1991 BRS National Oversight Database demand data submitted
by the States in their CAPs.

        During the development of the CAP Guidance, several States raised concerns about the
demand being placed on commercial  facilities by non-RCRA, non-state hazardous waste.  The Agency
has found, based on a trade journal study, that about 20 percent of the waste going to landfills is
neither RCRA nor State-hazardous.  Again, however, this demand is more than covered by the
available capacity, as can be seen in  Table VI.

Conclusions

        Based on its analysis of the data in this report, the Agency believes sufficient national capacity
for the management of hazardous waste exists through 2013.  EPA will utilize this assessment,
together with other data that becomes available, in evaluating whether the assurance requirement of
CERCLA 104 (c)(9) has been met when entering into a contract or cooperative agreement with States.
Although EPA believes there is sufficient  national capacity through 2013, States and regional
groupings of States should continue management planning activities to assist EPA in ensuring that
adequate capacity exists in the future.  Further hazardous waste planning efforts may be important to
a State for a number of reasons, including furthering and updating States' knowledge of their
hazardous waste management systems, helping to implement waste minimization programs, and
encouraging companies to replace  inefficient treatment technologies with safer and more innovative
technologies.

        The CAP data  indicate  the existence of adequate national capacity but also indicate that in the
future States may not be self-sufficient in  waste management capacity.  While each State is assured
adequate access to waste treatment and disposal capacity through 2013, there will always exist the
potential for unforeseen circumstances (e.g., new federal regulations, State taxes on management,
State limitations on landfills, and changing market conditions) that could affect the future availability
of management capacity.  Currently, the dynamics of the hazardous waste market are a definite factor
in determining how waste management in this country develops.   Nationally, the industry is
consolidating and restructuring because of economics.  Thus, there is no guarantee that the current
surpluses of hazardous waste management capacity will continue to exist. These factors necessitate
continual monitoring of the hazardous waste universe through State planning activities.

        EPA recognizes that many States  included as available capacity for 2013 facilities that were
not in full-scale commercial operation or were operating under interim status in 1993.   Although the
inclusion of such facilities in CAPs may be seen as evidence of a commitment to bring  these facilities
on-line or grant them part B permits, EPA does not believe this to be the case. Capacity planning is
intended to project into the future  based on historical  data and current knowledge. Including
management facilities not yet fully operational or operating under interim status does not imply a
State certification or intention that these facilities will receive their permits or become fully
operational but rather is an attempt to evaluate future capacity based on the information representing
waste management today.  Once again, the dynamics  of management planning require updated
information to be submitted periodically to best reflect the reality of hazardous waste management
practices.  In the years to come, States and the Agency will continue to reanalyze capacity
information, removing facilities that  have dropped from the permitting process.  Accordingly, although
the Agency believes the information presented in this draft Report accurately portrays the adequacy of
future management capacity, the Agency  will continue to collect and evaluate data to ensure that the

                                                14

-------
of CERCLA  104 (c)(9) are satisfied.
                               15

-------
                                            Tablet:
1991  National Baseyear Data Representing Hazardous Waste Generated and Managed On Site
     Matab Racovary
   700.000
     Inorganics Racovary
     Organici Racovtty
TREATMENT
     Stabintion/Chemical FtatiM
     Combustion - Pumpabia
  1,900,000
     CaMbmtia*
   240.000
                                                                    27QJOOQ
    Hmrt^ua Wasttwatars mi SMgts TrMtmant
DISPOSAL
    Undfi
350,000/XM)
  1,5004)00
    DeapwellfUndargnNind Injactian
 XJO/QDflOO
    Land Traatmant/Fartninf
TRAMSFER/8TOMGE
    Transfar/Storaga
   100,000

-------
                                          Table II:
1991 National Baseyear Data Representing  Management of Hazardous Waste in Captive Systems
        StabintionfChMnicil Ration
   2,300
                                                                     180,000
                                                                    290,000
        rttM
                                                                     14,000
        HiMfdout Wattewatm mi Sludge* Tmtmant
DISPOSAL
19,000.000
        Undfl
                                                                    iitwwo
                                                                     MflOQ
        land TrMtmentlFirming
  86/100
TRAM8FEW8TORAGE
       TraniftrfStoragt

-------
                                           Table III:
1991 National Baseyear Data Representing Management of Hazardous Waste in Commercial Systems (tons)
CAP Management Category
RECOVERY
Metals Recovery
Inorganics Recovery
Organics Recovery
TREATMENT
Stabilization/Chemical Fixation
Combustion • Pumpable
Combustion • Nonpumpable
Fuel Blending
Hazardous Wastewaters and Sludges Treatment
DISPOSAL
Landfill
Oeepwell/Underground Injection
Land Treatment/Farming
TRANSFERISTQRAGE
TransferlStorage
Demand
Recurrent
Onetime
Maximum Operational
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
Available End of1 991

800,000
100,000
610,000
2,300
8,400
12,000
2,000,000
450,000
2,400,000
': . , '
480,000
1,200,000
250,000
740,000
2,900,000

1,300,000
860,000
8,500

2,000,000
80,000
23,000
27,000
29,000
74,000
*
1,000,000
12,000
400

3,100
5,100,000
3,800,000
1,100,000
4,200,000
39,000,000

43,000,000
3,300,000
0



-------
                                          Table IV:
National Baseline and Projected Demand for Commercial  Hazardous Waste Management Capacity (tons)
CAP Management Category
RECOVERY
Metals Recovery
Inorganics Recovery
Organics Recovery
TREATMENT
Stabilization/Chemical
Fixation
Combustion • Pumpable
Combustion - Nonpumpable
Fuel Blending
Hazardous Wastewaters and
Sludges Treatment
DISPOSAL
Landfill
Deepwell/Underground
Injection
Land Treatment/Farming
TRANSFER/STORAGE
Transfer/Storage

Baseline
(1991)
Demand for Commercial Subtitlo C Management Capacity
1993
Rocurrant
Qee-ttma
1999
Recurrent

800,000
100,000
610,000

500,000
1,200,000
250,000
740,000
2,900,000

1,600,000
830,000
7,000

50,000
820,000
96,000
590,000

600,000
1,200,000
270,000
830,000
3,200,000

1,600,000
700,000




370,000

210,000


.. • r .-
if •
240,000

800,000
96,000
590,000

600,000
1,200,000
270,000
830,000
3,200,000
.... . • '
1,600,000
700,000
Onetime




• - ., i •
820,000

350,000



280,000

2013
Rscurreflt

800,000
96,000
590,000

600,000
1,200.000 '
270,000
830,000
3,200,000

1,600,000
700,000
Onetima





790,000

300,000



230,000





-------
                                      Table V:
National Baseline and Projected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity (tons)
• «••
CAP Management Category >
RECOVERY
Metals Recovery
Inorganics Recovery
Organics Recovery
TREATMENT
Stabilization/Chemical Fixation
Combustion • Pumpable
Combustion • Nonpumpabl*
Futl Blending
Hazardous Wastewaters and Sludges
Treatment
DISPOSAL
Landfill
Deepwell/Underground Injection
Land Treatment/Farming
TRANSFER/STORAGE
Transfer/Storage

Basdine (1991)

2.000,000
440,000
2,400,000

6,100,000
2,900,000
1.100.000
4,200,000
39,000,000
• . , , . .
45,000,000
3,300,000
0

Maximum In-state Coromareial Subtitle C Management Capacity
1893

1,900,000
370,000
2,400,000
•'
8,000,000
2,700,000
1,100,000
4,300,000
42,000,000
1999

1,800,000
. 370,000
2,400,000

8,100,000
2,800,000
1,300,000
4,300,000
44,000,000
• • * :-: 	 '
49,000,000
3,300,000
49,000,000
3,300,000



2013

1,800,000
370,000
2,400,000

8,100,000
2,900,000
1,300,000
4,300,000
44,000,000

45,000,000
3,300,000

. • ' 	 • . ., . .' 	 ".. :-.*.:'..,.


-------
                                                    Table VI:
National Capacity Assessment of Projected Remaining Commercial Subtitle  C Capacity Not Utilized by Hazardous Wastes
                 and Additional Demand Estimates Not Incorporated Into State-Submitted Data (tons)
•„....; \$i& Management Catagory
..-.'-: ; • -, -
RECOVERY
Metals Recovery
Inorganics Recovery
Organics Recovery
TREATMENT
Stabilization/Chemical Fixation
Combustion • Pumpable
Combustion • Nonpumpable
Fuel Blending
Hazardous Wastewaters and Sludges Treatment
DISPOSAL
Landfill
Ceepwell/Underground Injection
Projected
Remaining
Commercial
Subtitle C
Capacity Not
Utilized by
Hazardous
Waste
(2013)

1,100,000
280,000
1,900,000

6,700,000
1,800,000
770,000
3,500,000
41,000,000

26,000,000
2,600,000
Estimated Additional Oumand far Subtitle 0 Commercial Capacity
land Qifpefal
Restrictions
IPhasellftuW

No Estimate
No Estimate
No Estimate

No Estimate
11,000
400,000
No Estimate
No Estimate

No Estimate
No Estimate
Smal/ Quantity
Generators

Negligible
2,000 (2%)
6,000 (1%)

6,100(1%)
12,000(1%)
24,000 (4%)
8,400 (1%)
32,000(1%)

18,000 (1%) annually,
360,000 20-year total
Negligible
KonRCflA Mistrial
Wastes

42,000 (5%)
No Estimate
480,000 (35%)
-
19,000 (3%)
79,000 (6%)
36,000 (6%)
No Estimate
2,000,000 (39%)

460,000 (20%) annually,
9,200,000 20-year total
250,000 (26%)
1
Assessment of
th« Continued
Availability of
Projtctod
Subtitle C
Commercial
Capacity

sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity

sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
sufficient capacity
fc
suffieient capacity
sufficient capacity

-------
References

Guidance for Capacity Assurance Planning, U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, OSWER Directive 9010.02, May  1993  .

One-Time Waste Estimates for Capacity Assurance Planning, U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response,  OSWER Directive 530-R-94-002, August 1994

Using Table Talk to Prepare CAP Tables, U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, OSWER, October 1992

Background Document for Capacity Analysis for Land Disposal Restrictions Phase II - Universal
Treatment Standards, and Treatment Standards for Organic Toxicity Characteristic Wastes and Other
Newty Listed Wastes,  Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, August 1994

Hazardous Waste Treatment Council 1993 Survey of Commercial Hazardous Waste Incineration
Capacity, in Phase II Background Document cited above

El Digest, April 1993

Federal Facility Compliance Act, P.L. 102-386

-------
Appendix A
      23

-------
       Demand Data Submitted by States

       The following tables show for each state the recurrent demand on commercial Subtitle C
capacity for each CAP Management Category and each projection year.  The data in these tables are
directly from Table 5 in the states' CAPs.
                                             24

-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Metals Recovery Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
MaMacfaMMto
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline

12,109
17,995
4,101
4,952
1
15,672
8,591
31,097
41,914
1,716
10,828
13.260
542
3.365
3,466
19,469
17,142
510
13,923
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
12,869
17,995
4,133
5,060
2
15,683
9,360
46,709
41,916
1,716
10,828
13,578
542
3.434
3,466
19,694
17,234
510
13,945
1999
12,869
17,995
4,133
5,060
2
15,683
9,360
46,709
41,916
1,716
10,828
13,578
542
3,434
3.466
19,694
17,234
510
13,945
2013
12,869
17,995
4,133
5,060
2
15,683
9,360
46,709
41,916
1,716
10,828
13,578
542
3,434
3,466
19,694
17,234
510
13,945
State

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
rcnnc60c£
Texas
Vermont
Virgins
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western Stales
^: "' V^A&,
Baseline

2,702
29,237
48
18,310
3,984
50,441
44,824
111,334
47,110
2,328
12,891
37,620
74,800
25,183
8,996
1,398
1,945
102,077

Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
2,757
35,561
SO
18,560
4,083
50,912
44,824
111,338
47,118
2,424
12,892
37,642
75,800
25,280
8,996
1,475
1,972
102,996
k£i l ",-,,
1999
2,630
35,561
50
18,560
4,083
50,912
44,824
111,338
47,119
2,424
12,892
37,642
75,800
244
8,996
1,475
1,972
102,996
V ^ '» V" ""
' S" "£'*^>*
2013
2,630
35,561
50
18,560
4,083
50,912
'44,824
111,338
47,118
2,424
12,892
37,642
75,800
244
8)99o
1,475
1,972
102.996
, » fi ; '
--.iTifeiS-lco.

-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Inorganics Recovery
                     Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
Stale
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
LmiMMMt
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
643
333
4,901
2
4
505
799
14,702
19,071
10
61
32
27
458
723
13,583
222
2
301
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
827
334
4,901
2
37
511
814
9,645
19,071
10
61
32
27
609
723
13,583
222
2
313
1999
827
334
4,901
• 2
37
511
814
9,645
19.071
10
61
32
27
609
723
13,583
222
2
313
2013
827
334
4,901
2
37
511
814
9,654
19,071
10
61
32
27
609
723
13,583
222
2
313
State

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico v
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
*( 	
Buefine
345
1,422
34
460
51
11,786
457
338
117
2
117
0
1,650
0
140
337
153
27,123
v *>, -
.....«.Y:\ x^.
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
346
1,422
34
460
51
11,786
457
338
117
2
117
0
1,650
0
140
337
153
27,131
^
1999
346
1,422
34
460
51
11,786
457
338
117
2
117
0
1,650
0
140
337
153
27,131

2013

1,422
34
460
51
11,786
457
338
117
2
117
0
1,650
0
140
337
153
27,131
> - "

-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Organics Recovery Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Miincami«i
MM*****)
Miaoesnta
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
5,725
1,804
2,805
4,259
. 7
23,117
6,624
36,138
18,667
2,304
7,967
17,095
1.115
3.088
28,560
58,954
6,245
2,871
8,848
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
5,725
1,804
3,140
4,259
8
23,157
6,650
32247
18,667
2,375
7,967
17,207
(.MS
3.404
8.560
58,954
6,245
2,871
8,878
1999
5,725
1,804
3,140
4,259
8
23,157
6,650
32,247
18,667
2,375
7,967
17,207
1,115
3.404
8,560
58,954
6,245
2,871
8,878
2013
5,725
1,804
3,140
4,259
8
23,157
6,650
32,247
18,667
2,375
7,967
17,207
1,115
3,404
8,560
58,954
6,245
2,871
8,878
State

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
...^S^il^^
Baseline
447
56,975
169
12,750
5,726
39,590
7,081
18,573
6,338
235
10,483
3.381
50,300
1,264
3,472
3,031
12,509
142,182
'v&b*&Lf\
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
634
56,975
211
12,720
5,726
39,729
7,081
> 18,573
6,338
235
10,483
3.435
50,500
1,413
3,472
3,031
12,509
143,579
#&!&&&
1999
632
56,975
211
12,720
5.726
39,729
7,081
18,573
6,338
235
10.413
3.435
50.300
1.4)3
3,472
3,031
12,509
143,579
il*sit&r>'
2013
632
56.975
211
12,720
5,726
39,729
7,081
18,573
6,338
235
10.41)
3.411
M.MO
1.413
3,472
3,031
12,509
143,579
^i^'toi^

-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Energy RccoTery - Uqukb Expected !• b«
                                                      (tons)
In
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Honda
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
56,917
19,193
12,258
176
0
11,790
6,378
68,183
44,515
378
61,958
32,504
359
877
1,814
56,651
1,007
1,599
135,806
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
• C Management Capacity
1993
56,917
19,194
13,202
176
0
11,963
6,392
37,734
44,515
378
61,958
32,504
359
878
1,814
56,651
1,007
1,607

1999
56,917
19,194
13,202
176
0
11,963
6,392
37,734
44,515
378
61,958
32,504
359
878
1,814
56,651
1,007
1,607

2013
56,917
19,194
13,202
176
0
11,963
6,392
37,734
44,515
378
61,958
32,504
359
878
1,814
56,651
1,007
1.607

State

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
- ' \ !-- '"
Baseline
124
93,244
137
3,680
15,062
79,714
11,343
14,737
1,549
937
26,763
744
96,300
15
7,388
336
48,061
78,848
,Lbl^
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
579
93,244
137
3,990
15,062
79,714
11,343
14,737
1,549
937
26,763
744
102,000
51
7,388
336
48,061
78,989
S....1X, 	 .'..
1999
576
93,244
137
3,990
15,062
79,714
11,343
14,737
1,549
937
26,763
744
102,000
51
7,388
336
48,061
78,989

2013
576
93,244
137
3,990
15,042
79,714
11,343
14,737
1,549
937
26,763
744
102,000
51
7,388
336
48,061
78,989


-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Energy Recovery - Sludges/Solids
                           Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
1,655
35
807
457
0
158
3,419
13,955
740
129
5,081
9,905
29
27
375
953
147
82
4,580
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
1,655
36
807
457
0
170
3,755
2,589
740
129
5,081
9,905
29
30
375
953
147
82
4,580
1999
1,556
36
807
457
0
170
3,755
2,589
740
129
5,081
9,905
29
30
375
953
147
82
4,580
2013
1,556
36
807
457
0
170
3,755
2,589
740
129
5,081
9,905
29
30
375
953
147
82
4,580
State

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
% * ,*> -V^-f
Baseline
102
3,800
7^
390
. 129
7,132
5,382
1,329
15
29
531
193
13,200
35
94
383
8,088
7,238
Jfffp-v
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
102
3,800
7
340
129
7,154
5,382
1,329
15
29
531
193
19,600
618
94
383
8,088
7,246
' --'v
1999
102
3,800
7
340
129
7,154
5,382
1,329
15
29
531
193
19.6JW
618
94
383
8,088
7,246
ww ;.?,;
2013
102
3,800
7
340
129
7,154
5,382
1,329
15
29
531
193
19,600
618
94
383
8,088
7,246
<

-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Stabilization - Chemical Fixation
                           Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky .
Louisiana
Maine
MaryUsMl
MasMca»M«to
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

Baseline
4,348
1,049
13,738
339
59
3,779
3,536
32,742
14,922
1,814
6.202
S.IS4
4.0OS
1,250
12,273
45,412
3,330
1,420
1,164
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
4,524
1,050
13,741
339
59
3,935
4,571
23,711
100,790
1,844
6,202
16.413
4.0M
1.309
2.273
46,757
3,403
1,429
1,192
1999
4,524
1,050
13,741
339
59
3,935
4,571
23,711
100,790
1,844
6,202
16.413
4.008-
1.309
2,273
46,757
3,403
1,429
1,192
2013
4,524
1,050
13,741
339
59
3,935
4,571
23,711
100,790
1,844
6,202
16,413
4,008
1,309
2,273
46,757
3,403
1,429
1,192
State

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
Norm Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
T^MMAM^MA
mncvoco
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western Stale*


Baseline
1,045
48,861
26
24,210
1,694
45,137
987
49,102
96
4,841
19,675
3,723
67,700
149
2,454
1,609
5,087
64,564
I^IL^

Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
1,140
52,270
26
24,240
2,006
46,558
1,153
51,228
109
5,035
19,823
3,901
70,200
1,281
2,674
7,085
5,106
72,019
*'r ' '

1999
1,139
52,270
26
24,240
2,006
46,558
1,153
51,228
109
5,035
19,823
3,901
70,200
1,281
2,674
7,085
5,106
72,019
- -

2013
1,139
52,270
26
24,240
2,006
46,558
1,153
51,228
109
5,035
19,823
3,901
70,200
1,281
2,674
7,085
5,106
72,019
mr


-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Incineration - Liquids/Gases Expected to be Generated In State
                                                        (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
5,161
890
4,591
1,836
130
694
8,108
4,718
5,540
895
6,348
5,423
903
2,439
3,646
3,677
942
3,090
5,476
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
5,161
1,828
4,593
1,836
154
822
8,323
7,354
5,789
930
6,348
5,423
903
4,878
3,646
3,677
942
3,090
5,550
1999
4,234
1,828
4,593
1,836
154
822
8,323
7,354
5,789
930
6,348
5,423
903
4,878
3,646
3,677
942
3,090
5,500
2013
4,234
1,828
4,593
1,836
154
822
8,323
7,354
5,789
930
6,348
5,423
903
4,878
3,646
3,677
942
3,090
5,500
State

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western Stales
' Vnl"rtt i 'iV ^""'^'BYniiriiiV'i'f
Baseline
360
17,168
396
7,910
. 4,565
22,567
276
13,059
11.316
1,037
5,031
3,162
61,900
228
2,913
9,928
5,678
15,717
J^£ £ V-VA
&.H.-..A...
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
832
17,168
400
8,020
4,565
28,362
276
13,059
11,317
1,037
5,358
3,170
61,900
513
2,928
10,396
5,678
15,980
,. < ••
1999
820
17,168
400
8,020
4,565
28,362
276
13,059
11,317
1,037
5,358
3,170
61,900
513
2,928
10,396
5,678
15,980
, ,; ,
2013
820
17,168
400
8,020
4,565
28,362
276
13,059
11,317
1,037
5.358
3,170
61,900
513
2,928
10,396
5,678
15,980
X',
.."; 	 xry||rtw

-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Incineration - Sludges/Solids Expected to be Generated In Stale
                                                         (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
1,863
497
1,613
859
32
756
1,791
6,792
8,854
161
2,566
8,984
147
3,774
2,438
4,010
985
1,030
1,182
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
1,863
497
1,725
859
42
821
2,350
18,030
8,934
179
2,566
9,371
147
4,383
2,438
4,010
1,001
1,046
1,755
1999
1,706
497
1,725
859
42
821
2,350
18,030
8,934
179
2,566
9,371
147
3,878
2,438
4,010
1,001
1,046
1,755
2013
1,706
497
1,725
' 859
42
821
2,350
18,030
8,934
179
2,566
9,371
147
4,878
2,438
4,010
1,001
1,046
1,755
State

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western State*
.. . -.. "....,-ti:
Baseline
268
9,896
1,021
3,150
1,770
6,286
1,714
5,861
3,629
278
4.045
434
43,700
660
5,137
1,042
1,191
23,793
;AJL,.^:
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
565
9,896
1,021
3,320
1,770
6,539
1,714
8,099
3,629
278
4,045
457
46.800
928
5,137
1,042
1,191
24,774
\ * v "•
1999
563
9,896
1,021
3,320
1,770
6,539
1,714
8,099
3,629
27S
4.04S
457
46.100
928
5,137
1,042
1,191
24,774
• -""tr™
2013
563
9,896
1,021
3,320
1,770
6,539
1,714
8,099
3,629
271
4.04S
4)7
46.100
928
5,137
1,042
1.191
24,774
- ,

-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Fuel Btendinf Expected to b* G
U fM*» 
-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Hazardous Wastewaters and Sludges Treatment
                                 Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
Slate
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
8,696
602
21,949
2,299
70
2,800
5,372
119,128
202,577
3,529
11,201
2,516
904
25,689
15,141
118,161
9,280
12,223
28,925
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
68,746
1,531
30,992
2,395
76
. 3,591
7,923
142,511
263,180
3,529
11,201
11,151
909
28,095
5,141
119,643
9,326
12,223
30,337
1999
68,746
1,531
30,992
2,395
76
3,591
7,923
142,511
263,180
3,529
11,201
11,151
909
28,095
5,141
119,643
9,326
12,223
30,337
2013
68,746
1,531
30,992
2,395
76
3,591
7,923
142,511
263,180
3,529
11,201
11,151
909
28,095
5,141
1 19,643
9,326
12,223
30,337
State

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western State*
..«.. 	 ^,/w
Baseline
1,040
1,033,620
181
118,060
8,109
195,257
8,509
203,348
410,780
3,238
33,266
19,144
11,800
848
8,720
11,782
86,886
185,210

Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
2,452
1,033,620
390
119,960
8,453
200,241
27,910
204,513
410,837
3,343
34,087
19,225
11,800
1,306
8,960
11,856
87,186
211,483
x f "* *
1999
2,372
1,033,620
390
119,960
8,453
200,241
27,910
204,513
410,837
3,343
34,087
19,225
11,800
1,306
8,960
11,856
87,186
211,483
^ rt •.
. \S . % ,„ -
2013
2,372
1,033,620
390
119,960
8,453
200,241
27,910
204,513
410,837
3,343
34,087
19,225
11,800
1,306
8960
11,856
87,186
211,483
' s

-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Landfill Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
1«¥
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indian*
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
MtcaufM
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
22,479
46,800
29,253
2,248
115
11,151
16,437
87,518
7,980
6,537
24,671
30,103
6.IM
3.634
26,912
85,399
15,999
5,655
11,459
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
16,535
46,800
21,713
2,043
124
11,435
14,073
64,213
47,502
6,593
24,671
26,435
6,110
4,480
6,912
85,799
15,889
5,245
10,560
1999
16,361
46,800
21,713
2,043
124
11,435
14,073
64,213
47,502
6,593
24,671
26,435
6,180
4,480
6,912
85,799
15,889
5,245
10,560
2013
16,361
46,800
21,713
2,043
124
11,435
14,073
64,213
47,502
6,593
24,671
26,435
6,180
4,480
6,912
85,799
15,889
5,245
10,560
State

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Peurto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
.^i$¥3f&&m
Baseline
3,197
171,338
770
57,010
9,018
106,308
3,199
61,452
2,050
8,321
39,662
22,055
160,000
3,643
9,777
13,695
11,190
483,997

Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
2,645
176,449
584
57,290
8,731
104,101
3,447
63,235
1,985
8,321
39,662
22,329
161,000
5,515
9,412
21,356
11,071
483,081
:'s-C£~J>v
>drf3a4s«AA
1999
2,634
176,449
584
57,290
8,731
104,101
3,447
03,235
1,985
8,321
39,662
22,329
161,000
5,515
9,412
21,356
11,071
483,081
$ V " •.'. ">
s^ ' Y^
2013
2,634
176,449
. 584
57,290
8,731
104,101
3,447
63,235
1,985
8,321
39,662
22,329
161,000
5,515
9,412
21,356
11,071
483,081
-s " *•• 5>
i "ri i ft

-------
Demand for Commercial Hazardous Waste Capacity from Recurrent Deepwell - Underground Injection
                           Expected to be Generated In State (tons)
State
Alabama
ArkJUMM
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
58,923
5,516
100
0
0
631
1,794
5,847
57,681
360
3,292
101.529
0
94
1
4,679
0
2,845
959
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
843
5,517
0
0
0
6
1,794
0
741
360
3,292
101,529
0
708
1
3,197
0
319
23
1999
843
5,517
0
0
0
6
1,794
0
741
360
3,292
108,529
0
708
1
3,197
0
319
23
2013
843
5,517
0
0
0
6
1,794
0
741
360
3,292
108,529
0
708
1
3,197
0
319
23
State

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western Slates
% ^ "<
Baseline
0
0
7
480
0
158,883
3,051
2,952
3
0
177
429
397,400
0
524
245
179
14,796
.,>
• ffAft-"*' 	 >•'.«
Demand for Commercial Subtitle
C Management Capacity
1993
0
0
1
440
0
157,767
2,783
1,787
3
0
177
344
397,400
0
520
245
0
12,446
¥
,...'.''... :
1999
0
0
1
440
0
157,767
2,783
1,787
3
0
177
344
397.4QO
0
520
245
0
12,446

2013
0
0
1
440
0
157,767
2,783
1,787
3
0
177
344
397,400
0
520
245
0
12,446
< *•

-------
Appendix B

-------
       Commercial Capacity Data Submitted by States

       The following tables show for each state the quantities of commercial Subtitle C management
capacity for each CAP Management Category and each projection year. The data in these tables are
directly from Table 6 in the states' CAPs.
                                              38

-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Metals Recovery (tons)
Suite
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
100,000
0
1,454
0
0
208
0
117,201
202,400
0
41
378,040
0
0
5,452
30
65,694
0
7,225
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
20,000
0
550
200
0
208
0
164,202
202,400
0
41
378,040
0
0
5,452
30
65,694
0
7,225
1999
20,000
0
550
200
0
208
0
164,202
202,400
0
41
378,040
0
0
5,452
30
65,694
0
7,225
2013
20,000
0
550
200
0
208
0
164,202
202,400
0
41
378,040
0
0
5,452
30
65,694
0
7,225
Suite

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States

Baseline
0
670
5,929
27,220
0
11,000
0
420,597
0
31,288
2,170
233,875
240,800
0
0
0
120
99,968

Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
670
5,929
27,220
0
11,000
0
420,597
0
31,288
2,170
129,625
305,600
0
0
0
120
100,563

1999
0
670
5,929
27,220
0
11,000
0
320,597
0
31,288
2,170
129,625
305,600
0
0
0
120
150,563

2013
0
670
5,929
27,220
0
11,000
0
320,597
0
31,288
2,170
129,625
305,600
0
0
0
120
150,563


-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Inorganics Recovery (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
MmryUnd
MaMachutcO*
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
0
0
tl
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,375
0
0
0
0
117,624
0
0
1,000
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,375
0
0
0
0
117,624
0
0
1,000
1999
0
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0 •
0
3,375
0
0
0
0
117,624
0
0
1,000
2013
0
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,375
0
0
0
0
117,624
0
0
1,000
State

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States

Baseline
0
0
0
0
0
41,731
0
0
0
6,924
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
271,840

Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
0
0
0
0
41,731
0
0
0
6,924
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
197,590

1999
0
0
0
0
0
41,731
0
0
0
6,924
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
197,590

2013
0
0
0
0
0
41,731
0
0
0
6,924
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
197,590


-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Organics Recovery (tons)
Suite
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
17,406
4,600
7,744
0
0
237,834
31,140
80,966
201,283
370
52,040
55,000
0
403
79,585
711,866
600
0
74,500
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
15,000
4,600
7,744
0
0
232,025
29,433
114,280
201,283
370
52,040
55,000
0
403
79,585
664,282
600
0
69,400
1999
15,000
4,600
7,744
0
0
232,025
18,183
1 14,280
201,283
370
52,040
55,000
0
0
79,585
664,282
600
0
69,400
2013
15,000
4,600
7,744
0
0
232,025
18,183
114,280
201,283
370
52,040
55,000
0
0
79,585
664,282
600
0
69,400
State

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States

Baseline
0
74,935
0
1,900
1,814
81,326
48,678
17,100
14,875
13,623
42,003
20,020
133,500
0
8,765
0
73,071
338,479

Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
74,935
0
1,900
1,814
90,148
48,678
17,100
14,875
13,623
42,003
20,020
137,800
0
46,765
0
73,071
320,263

1999
0
74,935
0
1,900
1,814
90,148
48,678
17,100
14,875
13,623
42,003
20,020
137,800
0
46,765
0
73,071
320,263

2013
0
74,935
0
1,900
1,814
90,148
48,678
17,100
14,875
13,623
42,003
20,020
137,800
0
46,765
0
73,071
320,263


-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Energy Recovery - Liquids (tons)
Suite
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
65,000
12,569
4,053
0
0
39,351
0
0
158,048
0
54,896
177,300
0
0
0
157,620
0
61
165,470
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
65,000
12,570
4,053
0
0
' 39,351
0
0
15.8,048
0
54,896
177,300
0
0
0
52,500
0
6,170
245,470
1999
65,000
12,570
4,053
0
0
39,351
0
0
158,048
0
54,896
177,300
0
0
0
52,500
0
6,170
245,470
2013
65,000
12,570
4,053
0
0
39,351
0
0
158,048
0
54,896
177,300
0
0
0
52,500
0
6,170
245,470
Suite

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina - .
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States

Baseline
0
0
0
37,480
40,200
85,640
0
96,321
0
0
148,920
5,667
351,000
0
70,000
0
0
358,704,

Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
0
0
37,480
12,977
85,640
0
96,321
0
0
148,920
5,667
250,800
0
70,000
0

358,704

1999
0
0
0
37,480
34,929
85,640
0
96,321
0
0
148,920
5,667
250,800
0 .
70,000
0
0
358,704

2013
0
0
0
37,480
45,905
85,640
0
96,321
0
0
148,920
5,667
250,800
0
70,000
0
0
358,704


-------
     Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Energy Recovery - Sludges/Solids (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
0
194,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
228,338
0
0
0
0
0
0
30,555
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
194,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
228,338
0
0
0
0
0
0
30,555
1999
0
194,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
228,338
0
0
0
0
0
0
30,555
2013
0
194,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
228,338
0
0
0
0
0
0
30,555
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
;;-'"':- ..'•";.• . :
Baseline
0
0
0
0
0
1,010
0
0
0
0
1,040
11,505
o.
0
0
0
0
119,524
•:-:.!. •"':*£
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
0
0
0
0
1,010
0
0
0
0
1,040
11,505
10,700
0
0
0
0
1 19,524
rlfeli::!:.;;.
1999
0
0
0
0
0
1,010
0
0
0
0
1,040
11,505
10,700
0
0
0
0
119,524
:';:j...*-!.:. :..':.: 	
2013
0
0
0
0
0
1,010
0
0
0
0
1,040
11,505
10,700
0
0
0
0
119,524

id?

-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Stabilization/Chemical Fixation (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
52,000
1,049
41,371
0
0
0
66,463
230,900
460,867
0
120,000
310,700
0
0
0
457,580
0
0
0
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
483,600
1,050
41,371
0
0
0
67,136
230,900
460,867
0
120,000
310,700
0
0
0
457,580
0
0
0
1999
483,600
1,050
41,371
0
0
0
116,908
230,900
460,867
0
120,000
310,700
0
0
0
457,580
0
0
0
2013
483,600
1,050
41,371
0
0
0
116,908
230,900
460,867
0
120,000
310,700
0
0
0
457,580
0
0
0
State

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgin*
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
. .; . . . •. : .
Baseline
0
35,153
0
125,070
0
281,580
952,875
85,418
0
0
117,000
0
1,215,000
0
0
0
109,500
1,413,744

Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
35,153
0
125,070
0
431,580
952,875
85,418
0
0
117,000
0
1,215,000
0
0
0
109,500
2,756,962
"-:•:' -.: ''•••'•' ::' ' :
1999
0
35,153
0
125,070
0
431,580
952,875
85,418
0
0
117,000
0
1,215,000
0
0
0
109,500
2,756,962
,. .:/;£. •'•;'• •:•*•
2013
0
35,153
0
125,070
0
431,580
952,875
85,418
0
0
117,000
0
1,215,000
0
0
0
109,500
2,756,962
:*-•?'& >j-.: •

-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Incineration - Liquids/Gases (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
0
192,000
0
0
0
0
0
74,964
0
0
100,000
1,315,697
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
192,000
0
0
0
0
0
51,156
0
0
100,000
1,315,697
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1999
0
192,000
0
0
0
0
0
51,156
0
0
100,000
1,315,697
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2013
0
192,000
0
0
0
0
0
51,156
0
0
100,000
1,315,697
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
State

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States

Baseline
0
46,566
0
40
. 0
56,502
2,000
0
0
0
23,765
0
201,400
0
0
0
3,184
37,697
.•:/;oi::£:?-
..:.A.:."...xt!....
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
46,566
0
40
0
72,702
2,000
0
0
0
23,765
0
201,400
0
0
0
3,184
33,947
: ' '' "-:''••' ... ;•'
1999
0
46,566
0
40
0
72,702
2,000
0
0
0
23,765
0
201,400
0
0
0
3,184
110,058

2013
0
46,566
0
40
0
72,702
2,000
0
0
0
23,765
0
201,400
0
0
0
3,184
110,058
s.

-------
      Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Incineration - Sludges/Solids (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
3,800
96,000
0
0
0
0
0
92,092
0
0
200,000
488,839
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,072
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
3,800
96,000
0
0
0
0
0
73,500
0
0
200,000
488,839
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1999
3,800
195,840
0
0
0
0
0
73,500
0
0
200,000
488,839
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2013
3,800
195,840
0
0
0
0
0
73,500
0
0
200,000
488,839
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
State

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
.'.,''''•.' ..." ' \ )
Baseline
0
31,451
0
720
0
33,376
0
0
0
0
19,500
0
161,600
0
0
0
0
85,733

Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
31,451
0
720
0
77,176
0
0
0
0
19,500
0
161,600
0
0
0
0
85,733

1999
0
31,451
0
720
0
77,176
0
0
0
0
19,500
0
161,600
0
0
0
0
179,622

2013
0
31,451
0
720
0
77,176
0
0
0
0
19,500
0
161,600
0
0
0
0
179,622

l#

-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Fuel Blending (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
342,277
334,384
203,051
0
0
49,912
270,318
134,755
185,752
0
168,626
686,200
0
0
45,871
277,854
0
0
252,857
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
320,957
334,400
203,051
0
0
49,92
269,100
145,975
185,752
0
168,626
686,200
0
0
45,871
277,854
0
0
252,857
1999
320,957
334,400
203,051
0
0
49,912
205,040
145,975
185,752
0
168,626
686,200
0
0
45,871
277,854
0
0
252,857
2013
320,957
334,400
203,051
0
0
49,912
205,404
145,975
185,752
0
168,626
686,200
0
0
45,871
277,854
0
0
252,857
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgin*
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
.-.:"••'' • . '• •
Baseline
0
94,207
0
4,050
2,280
114,940
205,242
75,894
126,347
0
11,547
84,471
190,800
0
0
0
65,512
256,617
,...;. ;p:..,:V
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
94,207
0
4,050
2,280
202,379
205,242
75,894
126,347
0
11,547
84,471
190,800
0
0
0
65,512
319,992
.-..•:..' 	 •'•':'• 	
1999
0
94,207
0
4,050
2,280
202,379
205,242
75,894
126,347
0
11,547
84,471
190,800
0
0
0
65,512
319,992

2013
0
94,207
0
4,050
2,280
202,379
205,242
75,894
126,347
0
11,547
84,471
190,800
0
0
0
65,512
319,992
• •

-------
Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Hazardous Wastewaters and Sludges Treatment (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
5,000
0
181,579
0
0
19,930
32,500
456,873
336,540
121,145
0
53,570
11,796
20,885
0
1,899,170
33,728
0
67,041
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
5,000
0
180,366
0
0
0
32,500
444,583
336,540
121,145
0
53,570
11,796
20,885
0
1,898,513
33,728
0
58,324
1999
5,000
0
180,336
0
0
0
224,684
444,583
336,540
121,145
0
53,570
11,796
20,885
0
2,073,513
33,728
0
58;324
2013
5,000
0
180,336
0
0
0
224,684
444,583
336,540
121,145
0
53,570
11,796
20,885
0
2,073,513
33,728
0
58,324
State

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States

Baseline
0
27,651,302
0
755,970
32,005
1,514,914
53,978
748,799
0
49,997
99,392
649,898
90,500
0
33,700
2,304,000
205,335
1,511,933
• •.:•;•:• ••;•••::••;•
Commercial Subtitle C Management
Capacity
1993
0
27,651,302
0
755,970
32,005
4,986,379
53,978
748,799
0
49,997
99,392
649,898
98,800
0
33,700
2,304,000
205,335
1,204,523
V,:.:,:.:::I:-!.;i,:.;.
1999
0
27,651,302
0
755,970
32,005
5,002,163
53,978
748,799
0
49,997
99,392
649,898
98,800
0
33,700
3,456,000
205,335
1,274,523
"':.'•- -'YV-'-X
2013
0
27,651,302
0
755,970
32,005
5,002,163
53,978
748,799
0
49,997
99,392
649,898
98,800
0
33,700
3,456,000
205,335
1,274,523


-------
                         Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Landfill (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
517,189
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,476,089
4,881,458
0
0
6,409,891
0
0
0
1,150,510
0
0
0
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
600,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,347,663
4,883,956
0
0
4,992,557
0
0
0
850,000
0
0
0
1999
600,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
962,387
4,548,942
0
0
4,833,947
0
0
0
250,000
0
0
0
2013
600,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
63,407
3,883,909
0
0
4,489,781
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States

Baseline

0
0
0
308,750
0
235,000
1,261,260
0
0
0
97,906
0
1,343,000
0
0
0
0
27,125,853
:"' '':• . ' • .
Commercial Subtitle C Management
Capacity
1993
0
0
0
374,770
0
2,319,000
1,257,812
0
0
0
135,000
0
1,701,000
0
0
0
0
28,177,306

1999

0
0
31,010
0
1,694,394
1,240,574
0
0
0
0
0
735,000
0
0
0
0
27,016,048
. - ' •• " -
2013

0
0
- 771,100*
0
236,980
1,212,992
0
0
0
- 555,268
0
-1,519,000
0
0
0
0
21,558,462
. :: W- '••••
* New York indicated a negative figure in 2013 because the original CAP data did not include capacity that was permitted at the end of 1993.

-------
     Expected Maximum Commercial Subtitle C Management Capacity for Deepwell - Underground Injection (tons)
State
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Baseline
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
164,381
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
164,381
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1999
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
164,381
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2013
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
164,381
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
State

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virgina
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Western States
''.. • : •" '.•'''"
Baseline
0
0
0
0
0
525,420
12,495
0
0
0
0
0
2,549,800
0
0
0
0
0

Commercial Subtitle C
Management Capacity
1993
0
0
0
0
0
525,420
12,495
0
0
0
0
0
2,549,800
0
0
0
0
0
.:..:. |V :••";" ••: ••
1999
0
0
0
0
0
525,420
12,495
0
0
0
0
0
2,549,800
0
0
0
0
0
. • V ::-'* ' :
2013
0
0
0
0
0
525,420
12,495
0
0
0
0
0
2,549,800
0
0
0
0
0

l»

-------
Appendix C
      51

-------
Adjustments  to Commercial Capacity Data

 *      The Agency adjustments to state-submitted data in the following table apply to each year as
        presented in the State CAPs:  1991, baseline, 1993, 1999, and 2013, except for adjustment
        for the National Cement facility, which applies to  1999 and  2013.
Facilities
CAP Data
(tons)
Adjustment
(tons)
EPA
Adjusted
Data (tons)
Reason for Change
Organics Recovery
Marine Shale, LA
Clean Harbors, MA
55,000
11,318,278
-55,000
-11,301,278
0
17,000
Permit was denied
Error in BRS data
Energy Recovery-Liquids
National Cement, CA
Marine Shale, LA
37,000
31,000
-37,000
-31,000
0
0
Permit was denied
Permit was denied
Energy Recovery-Sludges/Solids
Marine Shale, LA
Rhone Poulenc, LA
73,000
155,338
-73,000
-155,338
0
0
Permit was denied
Sludges/solids capacity was reclassified as
liquids capacity
Incineration-Liquids and Gases
Rhone-Poulenc, LA
Rollins, LA
775,099
540,599
-715,099
-479,599
60,000'
61,000*
Prior estimates did not reflect real
operating conditions
Prior estimates did not reflect real
operating conditions
Incineration— Sludges/Solids
Rhone-Poulenc, LA
Rhone-Poulenc, TX
Rollins, LA
371,124
40,000*
117,714
-371,124
-40,000
-76,714
0
0
41,000*
Sludges/solids capacity was reclassified a*
liquids and gases capacity
Sludges/solids capacity was reclassified M
liquids and gases capacity
Prior estimates did not reflect real
operating conditions
* El Digest, June 1994. EPA is unable to release to the public its facility-level LDR program capacity information for tea
or other incinerators because it has been claimed as confidential business information.

k Based on El Digest, June 1994, which reported 102,000 tons/year of capacity. EPA Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR)
program data indicate that 60 percent of commercial incineration capacity treats liquids and gases and 40 percent treat*
sludges and solids.  Thus, EPA allocated 61,000 (0.6 x 102,000) tons to Incineration—Liquids and Gases and 41,000 (0.4 *
102,000) tons to Incineration-Sludges/Solids.

* Texas did not report the capacity of specific facilities in its Phase 1  CAP.  EPA assumed this facility's (double counted)
capacity is 40,000 tons, based on El Digest, May 1993.
                                                    52

-------
Landfill Adjustments

•      EPA also manipulated commercial landfill capacity data for Alabama and South Carolina to
        make the data employable in the CAP Phase 1 Data System, which EPA used in the National
        Assessment calculations.

*      These manipulations were consistent with the information provided by the states. They were
        necessary because the landfills in these states have statutorily-imposed limits on the amount of
        wastes that can be disposed of per year.  The CAP Phase 1 Data System is structured to use
        data, not on the rate of disposal, but rather on the total stock of landfill capacity that can be
        utilized over the landfill's life.

•      The Alabama and South Carolina landfill capacity data were also manipulated to be consistent
        with the System's methodology for depleting landfill capacity.  This methodology
        distinguishes between states  with and without landfill capacity.

     .   >•      States with landfills.  For projection year estimates of the maximum available supply
               of capacity in Table 6 of the state's submissions, the model needs figures representing
               the amount of capacity available during the projection period (e.g., start of 1994
               through start of 1999 for one-time waste generated in the state and both recurrent and
               one-time wastes from other states).  Preparing these  estimates requires subtracting the
               state's recurrent demand for  landfill capacity during  the projection period from the
               state's maximum available capacity at the end of the prior period.

        *      States without landfills. In contrast, the model  shows no available capacity for states
               without landfill capacity.  In  the national assessment, these states' demand for capacity
               is subtracted from the maximum available capacity for states with landfills.

4      The landfill adjustments described below did not change the  meaning of the data submitted by
        Alabama and South Carolina, but merely manipulated its form to be useable in the CAP Phase
        1 Data System.

Alabama

•      Background

        +      The Chemical Waste Management landfill in Emelle, Alabama can receive no more
               than 600,000 tons/per year, as specified by State law.

        »•      The facility's estimated maximum available permitted capacity at the end of 1993 was
               20,000,000 tons, which will  last until 2027 at the maximum utilization rate.

        »•      In 1991, the  facility  disposed of about 520,000 tons of hazardous waste.

        >•      The State's projected recurrent landfill demand  is 16,536 tons in 1993 and
               16,361  tons/year from 1994 through 2013 (based on  the reported demand for ^
               1999 and 2013).
                                              53

-------
       Adjusted Maximum Landfill Capacity in Tons for Use in the State's Table 6

       •>      1999:  4,101,659 = (7 x 600,000) - (16,536 + (5 x 16,361))

       •>      2013:  12,272,605 = (21 x 600,000) - (16,536 + (19 x 16,361))

       What These Figures Mean

       +      The 1999 calculation represents the maximum capacity available between the start of
              1993 and the end of 1999 that has not been used, prior to the start of 1999, by
              Alabama recurrent waste demand. This maximum amount can  be utilized only if the
              600,000  limit is reached during each year between 1993 and 1999.

       >      The calculation for 2013 represents the maximum capacity available between the start
              of 1993 and the end of 2013 that has not been used,  prior to the start of 2013, by
              Alabama recurrent demand. This maximum amount can be utilized only if the
              600,000  limit is reached during each year between 1993 and 2013.
South Carolina

 •     Background
       >•      The Laidlaw/GSX landfill in Pinewood, South Carolina can receive up to 135,000
              tons/per year, as specified by State law.

       >•      At the end of 1993, the facility's total remaining capacity was 1,800,000 tons,
              according to El Guide to Hazardous Waste Landfills in Canada and the United States,
              Environmental Information Ltd, 1994.

       >•      If the annual  limit of 135,000 tons is reached each year,  available capacity will be
              depleted in 13.3 years, that is, during 2007.

       »•      In recent years, the facility has disposed of close to  135,000 ton/year.

       »      The State's projected recurrent landfill demand is 39,662 tons/year  during the
              projection years.

       Adjusted Maximum Landfill Capacity in Tons for Use in the State's Table 6

        >       1999:  707,028 = (7 x 135,000) - (6 x 39,662)

        »      2013:   1,046,442 = 1,800,000 - MQ x 39,662)*
     4 The 1993 demand for landfill capacity is m* included in this calculation because the 1.8
 million tons of remaining capacity figure applies to the end of 1993.

-------
What These Figures Mean

>•      The 1999 calculation represents the maximum capacity available between the start of
       1993 through the end of 1999 that has not been used, prior to the start of 1999, by
       South Carolina recurrent waste demand.  This maximum amount can be utilized over
       this time period only if the 135,000 limit is reached during each year between 1993
       and 1999.

+      The 2013 calculation represents the maximum capacity available between the start of
       1993 and the end of 2013 that has not been used, prior to the start of 2013, by South
       Carolina recurrent waste demand. Utilization of this maximum amount does not
       require that the 135,000 limit be reached every year between 1993 and 2013, because,
       at that utilization rate, the capacity would be depleted in 2007.  Assuming that landfill
       capacity is  depleted by 2013, instead of 2007, does not affect the national assessment
       calculation  for 2013.
                                      55

-------
Appendix D
     56

-------
         1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
      This list shows all facilities that managed RCRA hazardous waste commercially in 1994. These facilities comprise the
capacity reported in the national assessment.  The list includes Subtitle C permitted and interim status facilities and RCRA-
exempt facilities.  Facilities identified on this list will not necessarily correspond to the facilities identified in State CAPs because
States reported information for 1991  and some facilities have opened or  closed between 1991 and 1994.

      A variety of sources were used to compile this list: the 1991 Biennial Reporting System National Oversight Database, the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Information System (RCRIS), "El  Environmental Services Directory 1994", internal
Agency information, and state information.  The facilities in the list were confirmed with information provided in state CAP
submissions and then  verified by the states.

      The type of management at each facility is identified by CAP management category.  Each CAP Management Category is
comprised of a number of waste management technologies that are generally interchangeable for managing broad types of wastes
(e.g., organics, inorganics including  metals, and wastewaters), based on treatment performance. The CAP management
categories are comprised of the following system types  (as defined in  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991 Hazardous
Waste Report Instructions  and Forms. EPA Form 8700-13A/B, pp. 90-91.
RECOVERY
MttlH Recovers
MOM
M012
MOI3
MOM
M019
M031
M039
Orvfutfrt Recover*!
M02I
M022
M023
M024
High temperature mcUli recovery
Retorting
Secondary limiting
Other meuls recovery for route: e.g., ion
exchange, reverie oimoiii, acid leaching
MeUli recovery - type unknown
Of
Acid regeneration
Other recovery - type unknown
y
Fractionation/diitillation
Thin film evaporation
Solvent extraction
Other tolvent recovery
M029
M032
COMBUSTION
Pumoablc
MOS1
M059
M04I
M044
M049
Noapumpable
M052
M053
MOS9
M042
Solvent! recovery - type unknown
Other recovery: e.g., watte oil recovery, nonaolvent
organici recovery
. Energy recovery - liquida
Energy recovery - type unknown
Incineration - liquids
Incineration - gaaea
Incineration - type unknown
Energy recovery - iludgea
Energy recovery - aolida
Energy recovery - type unknown
Incineration - aludge*

-------
          M043     Incineration - solids
          M049     Incineration * type unknown
TREATMENT
Stabilization/Chemical Fixation
          Mill     Stabilization/chemical fixation using
                   cementilious and/or pozzolanic materials
          M 1 1 2     Other stabilization
          Ml 19     Stabilization - type unknown
         M061     Fuel blending

         M071     Chrome reduction followed by chemical
                   precipitation
         M072     Cyanide destruction followed by chemical precipitation
         M073     Cyanide destruction only
         M074     Chemical oxidation followed by chemical precipitation
         MD75     Chemical oxidation only
         M076 '    Wet air oxidation
         M077     Chemical precipitation
         M078     Other aqueous inorganic treatment: e.g., ion exchange,
                   reverie osmosis
         M079     Aqueous inorganic treatment - type unknown
         M081     Biological treatment
         M082     Carbon adsorption
         M083     Air/steam stripping
         M084     Wet air oxidation
         MOSS     Other aqueoui organic treatment
KEY ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
** =- capacity reatricted to incineration residuals generated on-site.
BIF: Boiler and Industrial Furnaces;
Incin:  Incinerator
AK: Aggregate Kiln
BLR: Boiler
CK: Cement Kiln
          M089    Aqueous organic treatment - type unknown
          M091    Chemical precipitation in combination *ith biological treatment
          M092    Chemical precipitation in combination with carbon adsorption
          M093    Wet air oxidation
          M094    Other orginic/inorganic treatment
          M099    Aqueous organic and inorganic treatment - type unknown
          M101    Sludge dewatering
          M102    Addition of exceas lime
          Ml 03    Absorption/adsorption
          Ml04    Solvent extraction
          M109    Sludge treatment -  type unknown
          M121    Neutralization only
          M122    Evaporation only
          M123    Settling/clarification only
          MI24    Phase sepsration (e.g., emulsion breaking, filtration) only
          Ml25    Other treatment
          M129    Other treatment - type unknown

DISPOSAL
Undfill
          Ml 32    Landfill
          Ml33    Surface impoundment (to be closed is a landfill)
          Ml37    Other disposal
Deepwefl/Undergrouod Injection
          Ml 34    Deepwell/underground injection
          Ml37    Other disposal

-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
EPA ID
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
RECOVERY
Metal
, >KGIONI
CONNECTICUT
Bridgeport United Recycling (Hitchcock G«« Engine Co.)
Clean Harbon
Ea«t Co«(t Environmental Service! Corp.
Enthone
Environmental Watta Retourcei, Inc. (BLR)
Macdermidlnc
POP Industrie* Inc
United Oil Recovery, Inc.
CTD002593887
CTD000604488
CTD089631956
CTDOOI 169010
CTD072138%9
CTDOOI 164599
CTD097220883
CTD02 1816889






X

Organic
Inorganic
COMBUSTION
Pumpable
Nonpumpable
TREATMENT
Fuel
Blend.
Waste
Water
Stabilization
DISPOSAL
Landfill
Drrpwell





X



























X
X
X

X


X
MASSACHUSETTS
Cleen Harbon of Nalick, Inc.
Cleen Harbor* Of Bnintree, Inc.
Oenenl Chemical Corporation
Hampden Color A Chemical Co
Jet-Line Service*, Inc.
Jet-Line Service*, Inc.
Laidlaw Environmental Service* (NE), Inc.
Zeccolnc
MAD980S23203
MAD053452637
M ADO 1937 1079
MAD001 114214
MAD047075734
MAD062179890
MAD000604447
MAD05292449S
X








X
X
X


X

























MAINE
Jet-line Service*, Inc.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
No Facilitie*
RHODE ISLAND
Chem Pak Corp.
Eticam
MEDOI90S1069




RIDOS4802842
RID980906986



X








X












X



X
X







X

X
X
X
X
X
X

X










X







X

X


















.

















































-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
Northland Environmental Inc.
EPA ID
RID040098352
t Af MANAI.MITVI 1 4Tf 1.0*11%
RECOVERY
MHal

Organic

Inorganic
X
(OMBt'VTION
P^p^

"-•— ' *

TVtATMKMI
Bfemi.

W~
X
^*—

M*
'—

•»•*«,!

VERMONT
No Facilitie*











REGION II
NEW JERSEY
Chemical Waato Management Of NJ
C P Chemical
CPS Chemical Co., Inc.
Deguaaa Corp, Mete Dtviiion [RCRA Exempt]
Dupont E I De Nemoun & Co
Johnaon Matthey, Inc.
Johnaon Matthey, Inc. (RCRA Exempt]
Maritol, Inc.
RFE Induatriea
Rollina Environmental Services (NJ), Inc.
SAW Watte, Inc.
Safety-Kleen Corp.
Safety-KleenCorp.
Vangaid Reaearch |RCRA Exempt]
NEW YORK
Aahland Chemical
AT&T Nataau Metala [RCRA Exempt]
Berkman Broa.
Cecoa International Inc.
Ceranaaeal
Chemical Management, Inc.-
NJD0892 16790
NJD0021419SO
NJD002I41190
NJD002195303
NJD002385730
NJD000692I94
NJD980755367
NJD002454S44
NJDOSS09081S
NJD053288239
NJD99129I10S
NJD002 182897
NJD069039626
NJD990753493

NYD046877775
NYD086225596
NYD0012360I7
NYD080336241
NYD002066173
NYD00069I949



X

X
X

X




X
•








X








X
X
























Incin













Incin











X

X
X
X







X














Incin










X
X

X
X

X



X













X
•



X

X
X

X





X











































-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
tVM Chemical Services
KBF Pollution [RCRA Exempt)
Lsidlaw (BDT)
LEA Ronal
Mercury Refining Company, Inc.
Norlita Corporation (ThermslKem)
Northeast Environmental Services Inc.
Photocircuit* Corp.
Pride Solvents And Chemical Co. inc.
SCI System*, Inc.
Solvents And Petroleum Service Inc.
Stale University of NY
Weluler Instruments
EPA ID
NYD049836679
NYD98 II 82769
NYD000632372
NYDOOI32S661
NYD048I4817S
NYD080469935
NYDOS7770109
NYD096920483
NYD057722258
NYD982271793
NYDO 13277454
NYD071600IOO
NYD005920194
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
RECOVERY
Metal

X

X
X






X

Organic


X





X
X
X

X
Inorganic













COMBUSTION
Pumpable


Incin


BIF







Nonpuni panic


Incin
Incin









TREATMENT
Fuel
Blend.
X





X






PUERTO RICO
Safety Kleen Environaystem* Co.
Safety Kleen Environaystem* (Dorado)
PRD090399718
PRD98 11 82421


X







X
X
REGION III
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
No Facilities
DELAWARE
No Facilities
MARYLAND
ii Harbor* Env. Svc*. Co., Inc.
rENNSYLVANlA
Bethlehem Apparatu* Company, Inc.
Calgon Carbon Corp




MDD980S5SI89






PAD00239096I
PAD000736942
X





















X














Waste
Water
X
X
X



X
X













X



Stabilization
X













•










iMsrmAi
Landfill
X
























DvcpweU








.

















-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
Capital Partt Wither*, Inc.
Chemical Waete Mgt. (Delaware ConUiner Co. Inc.)
Eait Penn Manufacturing [RCRA Exempt]
Envirito Coiporalion
Envirotrol Inc.
Oemchem, Inc.
Exide (General Battery Corp.)
Harcroa Pigmenu, Inc.
Hortehead Reaouree Dev. Co., Inc.
Inmetco (RCRA Exempt)
Keyttone Cement Company |CK]
Medusa Cement Co. (CK1
Mill Service, Inc.
Molycoip, Inc.
Republic Environmental Syatema. Inc. (Waate Conversion)
WRC Proceaiing
EPA ID
PAD987332343
PAD064375470
PAD002330165
PAD010IS4045
PAD980707087
PAD009439662
PAD990753089
PAD002391548
PAD002395887
PAD087561015
PAD002389SS9
PAD08396S897
PAD00483S146
PAD030068282
PAD08S690S92
PAD981038227
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
RECOVERY
Metal


X



X
X
X
X



X

X
Organic
X



X











Inorganic
















COMBUSTION
Piunpable










BIF
BIF




Noapumpable
















VIRGINIA
Belpar Environmental (Chemical Waate Management, Inc.)
Dynachem, Inc.
ERC Pre-Treatment Facility
Prillaman Chemical Corporation
Solite |AK|
•ottttCOMPlMO |AK|
VAD988 175055
VAD105838874
VAD0862937I9
VAD003I1I416
VAD04697052I
VAOOQ7SMC2






X
X

X
I











BIF
BIF







Fud
Moid.

X



X













1



TREATMENT
Waste
Water



X


X





X

X




X



Stabilization



X










X .
1



*




DISPOSAL
Landfill























Deepwe*























W0TW.MA
t,-.... ft..

1 wvoMiifMoo 1
r



X




-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
EPA ID
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES ||
RECOVERY
Metal
Organic
Inorganic
COMBUSTION
Purapable
Noopumpable
TREATMENT
Fuel
Blend.
Waste
Water
Stabilization
DISPOSAL
Landfill
De«pw«U
( JON IV
Ai \BAMA
Allied Chemical Corp (Allied-Signal Tar Prod.)
All- Worth Enterprises, Inc.
Chemical Watte Management, Inc.
Fisher Industrial Service, Inc.
l-afarge (Medina)
MAM Chemical A Equipment Company, Inc.
Sanden Lead Company
Syalech Environmental Corporation
ALD03 1499833
ALD094476793
ALD000622464
ALD98 1020894
ALD0671 19966
ALD0705 13767
ALD046481032
ALD98 101 9045






X


X



X










FLORIDA
Aahland Chemical Co
Chemical Pollution Control, Inc.
Envirotcch S E Inc
Florida Solite |AK|
Industrial Water Services, Inc.
Integrated Resource Recovery Inc
Laidlaw Environmental Services Of Barlow
Oldover Corporation
Sparkle Corp
GEORGIA
Alternate Energy Resources, Inc.
Chemical Conservation Of Georgia, Inc.
MCF Systems Atlanta, Inc
Chemical Waite Mngt (Ohm Resource Recovery Corp )
Tri-state Steel Drum, Inc.
FLD067230771
FLD984168U2
FLD 101 877876
FLD0040S908S
FLD98 1928484
FLD9810I8273
FLD980729610
FLD000737312
FLD982 121592

OAD03358246I
OAD093380814
OAD98 1269095
GAD096629282
OAS033842543

X













X

X

X

X

X

X
X
X







-













BIF



Incin











B1F




























X
X

X

X
X








X





X
X


X
X

X
X





X




X


X
X


X



-















X
X


X







































•






-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
EPA ID
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES {
RECOVERY
Metal
Organk
Inorganic
COMBUSTION
Piunpable
Nonpumpable
TREATMENT
Fuel
Blend.
Waste
Water
SubilizalKNi
DfSPOSAI -.
11
Ludfiu
DeepweU
KENTUCKY
Alochem (MAT Chemical)
Calgon Corp
Environmental Conservation Syttenu, Inc. (Oldover)
Kentucky Solite Corporation |AK]
Kyin* Oil Inc.
Louiiville EnvrionmenUl Service! (B-T Energy)
L.W.D.. Inc.
Safety-lcleen Corp.
MISSISSIPPI
Enterprite Recovery
United Cement/Holnam |CK]
NORTH CAROLINA
Carolina Solite (AK|
Ecoflo, Inc.
Detrex (Gold Shield Solvent! Div.)
Heritage Environmental Services, Inc.
Laidlaw Environmental Service* (It), Inc.
Oldover Corporation
SOUTH CAROLINA
CP Chermcali
Engelhard Corporation
Giant Cement Company. Inc. |CK|
OSX Servciea Of South Carolina, Inc.
Laidlaw Environmental Servicea, Inc.
Sarety-kleen Corp.
KYD0063 73922
KYD005009923
KYD000770313
KYD059568220
KYD00082I942
KYD079661 146
KYD088438817
KYDOS3348I08

MSD000693176
MSD077655876

NCD003 152642
NCD980842I32
NCD049773245
NCD12 1700777
NCD000648451
NCD000773655









X





X



X




Incin





Incin




X










X






BIF







BIF





Incin





' Incin






X

X
X

X
X



X





X








X

X

X






X



SCD070371885
SCD98 1866007
SCD0033SI699
SCD070375985
SCD98 14676 16
SCD077995488
X
X









X








BIF

Incin



BIF



















X

X









X





X





















•










X










1
1







-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
•ty-kleen/Holman Cement
Southeastern Chemical Company - Omni
ThermalKEM. Inc.
EPA ID
SCD00336889I
SCD036275626
SCD044442333
I AP MANJM.tMIM « *I»*.«»HI»\
RECOVERY
Melal



Organic

X

Inorganic



roMBiisnoN
Pumpublr
BIF

Incin
N-~"- *


Incin
IMUMKV1
Blend.
X
X

Mwlr
Water

X

a**-*.



M*
I~M.



»rs»|
"""-



TENNESSEE
Allworth (Southdown Environmental Systems, Inc.)
Diversified Scientific Services, Inc. (BLR) [NOT IN CAP|
Dixie Cement Company, Inc. [CK1
General Smelting & Refining, Inc.
Honehead Resource Dev. Co., Inc. [RCRA Exempli
Laidlaw Environmental Services (gs), inc.
Laidlaw Environmental Services of Nashville (Osco, Inc.)
Laidlaw Env. Serv. (WT) Inc. (Tricil Env. Serv.)
Refined Metals
REGION V
ILLINOIS
American Chemical & Refining
American Waste Processing, Ltd.
Baron Blakeslee
Beaver Oil Co., Inc.
Behr Precious Mejals
Century (Southdown Environmental Systenu, Inc.)
Chemical Waste Management, Inc. - CID
Clayton Chemical Company
• — rrT-mniin
B^Ce^M.


TND981920119
TND982109142
TND106203375
TND004048690
TND982I44099
TND00061432I
TND98 1922826
TND000772277
TND067690040



X
X



X





X
X












BIF
BIF







BIF
BIF






X




X









X
X




























'
ILD000675249
ILD000716894
ILD05 1937068
ILD0644 18353
ILD00693557I
ILD0992 15303
ILDOI0284248
ILD0669 18327
IUX>624*»SO
HD00066*206
ILDM5M9264
X



X








X


X

X






























BIF








X
•


X


X

X

X
X

X

X
X







X


X







X
















-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
Horsehead Resource Dev. Co.. Inc.
Mar-Cor Industries, Inc.
Peorii DiipOMl Co. (pdc)
Recontek, Inc.
Safety-Idem Corp.
Safety-kleenCorp.
Safety-kleen Corp.
Trad* Waste Incineration (Chemical Wade Manag.)
United Refining A Smelting
INDIANA
ESSROC (Cemtech, Lp)
Chemical Watte Management Of Indiana Inc.
Consolidated Recycling Co., Inc.
Dupont-ecco
General Battery Corp (EXIDE)
Detrex (Gold Shield Solvent! Div.)
Heritage Environmental Services, Inc.
Hydrite Chemical Co. (Avangic Industries)
Indiana Industrial Plating Inc.
Industrial Fuels & Resources, Inc.
Lone Star Industries (Systech Env.) |CK| (NOT IN CAP]
Mason Metals
Metal Working Lubricants Co.
Pollution Control Of Indiana, Inc.
Quemelco (RCRA Exempt)
Reclaimed Energy
EPA ID
ILD040891368
ILD984774695
ILD000805812
ILD984766279
ILD005450697
ILD00080S91 1
ILD9806I3913
ILD098642424
ILD005087630
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
RECOVERY
Metal
X
X

X




X
Organic




X
X
X


Inorganic









COMBUSTION
Pumpable







Incin


IND005081542
IND078911I46
IND098958283
IND98 1783681
IND0007I79S9
IND085616837
IND0932I9012
IND98486SS41
INOOOS26I623
IND980590947
IND0064I92I2
INDOOS460209
IND000646950
IND000646943
INDOOOI996S3
IND000780403



X
X






X


X



X


X
X
X




X


X
















BIF







.

BIF





Nonpumpable







Incin












BIF





TREATMENT
Fuel
Blend.






X


Waste
Water








X







X


X



X

X






X

X
X






Stabilization


X






IMXTOS4I
Landfill


X








x -
.



X










X














Orrpwrfl



























-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
Kefined Metali
Rhone- Poulenc Baaic Chemical Co. (SAP)
Safely Kleen Oil Recovery
MICHIGAN
Ag Hog, Inc.
Chem-ntet Service!, Inc.
City Environmental, Inc.
City EnvironmenUl, Inc.
City Environmental Inc. - Caliban
Cyanokem
Drug A Laboratory Diipoaal, Inc.
pynecol, Inc.
Edward* Oil Service, Inc.
EnvironmenUl Waste Control Inc.
Gage Producli (BLR)
Detrex - Gold Shield Solvent! Div.
Lefarge [CK)
Meridan Environmental Servicea, Inc.
Michigan Diapoial, Inc.
Michigan Recovery Sydema, Inc. '
Petro-Chem Complex
• ; uo-Chem Complex Solvent Dittillen
PVS Chemical. Inc Michigan
RTR Inc
Verbrugge Oil Inc.
Wayne Dispoul, Inc.
EPA ID
IND000718130
IND001 859032
IND077042034
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
RECOVERY
Metal
X


Organic



Inorganic




MID98 10946 18
MID096963194
MID054683479
MID980991566
MID006523385
MID0980I1992
MID092947928
M1D074259565
MID088754688
MID057002602
MID005338801
MID09 1605972
MID005379607
MID98 11 92081
MID00072483I
MID060975844
MID980615298
MID980684088
M1D981 195936
MID985566629
MID0064 10377
MID048090633
X

























X




X
X
X



X

X

X
X








X
X




X




X



COMBUSTION
Pumpabte

BIF














BIF









Nonpumpable


























TREATMENT
Pud
Blend.


X
















X
X





Waste
Water


X




X

X
X
X
X
X












Stabilization





X
X
X


X







X







DISPOSAL
Laadnil



DeepwtO

























u























-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
MINNESOTA
Envirochem inc.
Gopher Smelting And Refining Co [RCRA Exempt]
Pennzoil
U.S. Filter Recovery Service*, Inc.
EPA ID
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
RECOVERY
Metal
Organic

MND980996805
MND0061 48092
MND006224612
MND98 1098478
X
X

X


X

OHIO
Chemical Solvent*
Chemical Wa*te Management, Inc.
Chemtron Corp.
Clark Preceding, Inc.
Clean Harbor* Eov. Svc*. Co., Inc.
CWM Reeource Recovery, Inc.
Eaglebrook, Inc.
Ecokftec (Republic Env. System*)
Envirite Corporation
Environmental Enterpritei, Inc.
Environmental Purification Industrie* (BLR)
Envinxafe Service* Of Ohio, Inc.
Evergreen Environmental Group, Inc.
Hukill Chemical Corporation
Klor Kleen Inc.
Lafarge (CK)
Liberty Solvent* & Chemical* Co., Inc.
Matter Mots!*
North Eait Chemical Corporation
Research Oil Company -
OHD9S0897656
OHD020273819
OHD066060609
OHD004274031
OHD000724I53
OHD093945293
OHD000724088
OHD980700942
OHD980568992
OHD0833770IO
OHD986983237
OHD045243706
OHD055522429
OHDOO 1926740
OHD980821862
OHDOOS048947
OHD052324548
OHD0976I3871
OHD98068I57I
OHD004I786I2

















X


X

X
X

X






X
X
X

X

X
X
Inorganic
COMBUSTION
Pumpable












X




























BIF




BIF




Nonpumpable







-








BIF




BIF




TREATMENT
Pud
Blend.





Waste
Water

X


X
Stabilization








X
X



X

X


X
X
X
X


X


X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X



X
X







X
X
X

X
X








DISPOSAL
Landfill

















X







m
Dccpwofl







X



















-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
.u Incineration Service*, Inc.
S«fety-Kleen Corp.
Spring Grove Reaource Recovery (Southdown Env. Syi)
Southweatem Portland Cement (CKJ
Syatech
fricil Environmental Servicea Inc.
Waate Technologic! Induatriea (WTI)
WC1 Steel Inc.
EPA ID
OHD048415665
OHD980587364
OH D0008 16629
OHD98 11 95779
OHD005048947
OHD081290611
OHD980613S41
OHD060409521
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
RECOVERY
Metal








Organk

X






Inorganic







X
COMBUSTION
Pumpable
Incin


BIF


Incin

Noopumpable
Incin





Incin

TREATMENT
Fuel
Blend.
X
X


X



Waste
Water


X


X


Stabilization





X


WISCONSIN
Aahland Chemical
Chemical Waale Management, Inc.
EOO Environmental Incorporated
Hydrite Chemical Co.
Milwaukee Solventa And Chemicala Corp.
Mineral Spring! Corporation
Safety-kleenCorp.
Safety-kleenCorp.
Waate Reaearch Si Reclamation Co., Inc.
Wit Fineblanking
WIDOS3689196
WID003967I48
WID988S800S6
WID000808824
WID023350192
WID988S66543
WID980896633
WID98 1097769
WID990829475
WID 102220704













X
X



X



















Incin



»









X

X
X


X



X


X


X
X
REGION VI
ARKANSAS
Ad) drove Cement Co. |CK]
l n«co, Inc.
Rineco Chemical Indualriea
ARD981S 12270
ARD06974SI92
ARD98 1057870





X



BIF
Incin

BIF
Incin



X
U)UISIANA
Alfred1! Proceaaor Salea/Services |RCRA Exempt]
LAD087029872
X











X
X













IMSntSAL
Landfill








DeepweU










































-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
t
AMAX Meul Recovery, Inc.
Catalyct Recovery
Chemical Watte Management, Inc.
Evangeline Medical A X-ray Distributor! (RCRA Exempt)
Laidlaw Environmental Servicea, Inc.
Laidlaw Environ. Service! (RAD Fabricating & Mfg)
Louisiana X-Ray Accessories Inc [RCRA Exempt]
New Orleam Silvenmithi [RCRA Exempt)
Pure Solve, Inc. [RCRA Exempt)
Rhone-Poulenc Baiic Chemical! Co.
Rollina Environmental Service! Of La, Inc.
Rollina Environmental Service* (la), Inc.
Schuylkill Metal* (MRE)
UOP Shreveport Plant [RCRA Exempt)
X-ray Unlimited, Inc. [RCRA Exempt)
X-ray Unlimited Inc. (RCRA Exempt)
NEW MEXICO
Chino Minei Company [RCRA Exempt]
Southwest Radiographic*
OKLAHOMA
Chief Supply Corporation
Hydrocarbon Recycle™ (USPCI-HRI)
Residual Technologies Inc.
US PCI Lone Mountain
EPA ID
LAD05847272I
LAD98062216I
LAD000777201
LAD98 1589542
LAD079464095
LAD98105S791
LAD98S191447
LAD98 11 52903
LAD981SI2627
LAD008161234
LAD000778514
LADOI0395127
LAD008184137
LAD057 109449
LAD98 1513021
LAD98S 170299

NMD007396930
NMD097I38382

OKD089761290
OKD000632737
OKD000402396
OKD06S438376
CAP MAN4I.FMIN1 ( 4I»l.<«lt>
RECOVERY
Metal
X


X


X
X




X
X
X
X

X
X





Organk








X







Inorganic
















COMBUSTION
PumpaiM*









Incin

Incin




NntpMiaMMr

X



X





Incin




IMATMtM
Fw4
Blend.


X

X




X










X
X
X














TEXAS
Allwaate Recovery
TXD 102599339







BIF








X
X

X


V»«Ml.
Water


X






X











X
X
X

X
SMMhiatM


X








**









X
X
X


(***•% «l
— "


X








**











X

!*.«.•.•



.






X



I





•

X


1

-------
COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
Alpha Omegi Recycling Inc
Chemical Reclaimation Serv. (Southdown Env. Syi.)
Chemicil Watte Management, Inc.
Chemical Waate Management, Inc.
Detroit (Gold Shield SolvenU Div.)
DiipoMli Syrtenu, Inc. (ONI Group, Inc.)
Empik
Encycle/TexM, Inc.
Eurecat U.a. Incorporated
GNB Batten** Inc {RCRA Exempli
Gibraltar Chemical Reaourcea, Inc.
Gulf Chemical & Metallurgical Corporation (RCRA
Exempt)
Oulf Coast Wait* Ditpowl Authority
Heal Energy Advanced Technology, Inc. (HEAT)
Honehead Recovery
Malone Service Co.
NSSI/Recovery Service*, Inc.
Olin (IF)
Pirkam
Recovery and Reclamation
RNone-Poulenc Baiic Chemicala Co.
'Dim Environmental Servicei (Ix), Inc.
Safely -kleen Corp. Denton Recycle Center
Southern California Chemical*
SOC (South weat Env. Servicei, Inc.)
EPA ID
TXD981514383
TXD046844700
TXD000761254
TXD000838896
TXD980626154
TXD000719518
TXD097673149
TXD0081 17186
TXD 106829963
TXD00645I090
TXD000742304
TXD074195678
TXO00089S249
TXD98062403S
TXD988087052
TXD005948740
TXD982560294
TXD008097487
TXD008 105959
TXD98 151 4268
TXD008099079
TXD055I4I378
TXD077603371
TXD047823265
TXD03OT2336I
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
RECOVERY
Metal
X






X
X
X

X


X



X




X

Organic

X


X
X




X


X


X





X


Inorganic

























COMBUSTION
Pumpable



Incin













BIF


Incin
Incin



Nunpumpable



Incin

















Incin



TREATMENT
Fuel
Blend.






X



X


X


X





X


Waste
Water







X








X


X





Stabilization





X





•









**



l»IMt»<.4l
UndfOI



X








**








**



Deepwell


X
X

X
X



X




X










-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
Texaf Ecologiat, Inc.
TXI, lnc.(Texa« Industrie*) |CK)
Treatment One
USPC1
REGION VII
IOWA
Northland Product*
John Deere Waterloo Work*
EPA ID
TXD069452340
TXD007349327
TXD055 135388
TXD052649027

IAD02236S480
IAD005289806
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
RECOVERY
Metal





X

Organk



X



Inorganic







COMBUSTION
Pumpable

BIF


Nonpumpable

BIF


•


;

TREATMENT
Pud
Blend.


X
X



Waste
Water


X



X
Stabilization
X







DISPOSAL
Landfill
X






DeepweU







KANSAS
Aptut, Inc.
Aib Orove Cement Plant [CK]
HeartUnd/Summil Env. Corp. |CK|
Lafarge Corp. |CK]
Syctech Environmental Corporation
USPCI
KSD98 1506025
KSD03 12033 18
KSD980739999
KSD007 148034
KSD980633259
KSD007246846











X






MISSOURI
Burlington Environmental
Continental Cement (MFR, Inc.) [CK]
Doe Run Co. (RCRA Exempt]
Euex Waite Mgrnnt. Servicei, Inc.
Hazardoui Wane Recovery, Inc.
Heritage Environmental Service*, Inc.
ICI Explosive*

IM •• ••• . . . ._ ^w
Ue»»»l 1 nrt i KKI
Rrver CenMM O».. MM tot (ClMMIa**. Lf) fCK|
MOD0006 10766
MOD0540 18288
MOD059200089
MOD980962849
MOD981 123391
MOD98 1505555
MOD077M7909
MOOWOU2W4
MOOWII27II9
MOOOM2I2MO


X







X
X
X













X



Incin
BIF
BIF
BIF


Incin
BIF
BIF
BIF


X

X

X
X








BIF


BIF



BIF
BIF
BIF
BIF


BIF



BIF
BIF
X
X

1 X
X
X

X
X
X



X
X














































•

1








-------
1VV4 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
•. .Safety-Ueen/Holman Cement
EPA ID
MOD029729688
NEBRASKA
Aih Grove Cement Plant
Ecova (Wane Tech Service*)
NED007260672
NED981723513
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
RECOVERY
Metal

Organk




REGION VIII
COLORADO
Enviroterve, Inc.
Hwy . 36 Lind Development Co.
Chemical Wute Management (Oil & Solvent Proceu Co.)
COD983788688
COD99 1300484
COD980591184
X




Inorganic




COMBUSTION
Pumpable
BIF

BIF
Incin
Nonpumpable
BIF

BIF
Incin
TREATMENT
Fad
Blend.
X



Waste
Water

S4ahiti?itiffit







DISPOSAL
Landfill




DeepwcU







X









X

X
X
X
X

X
X

X




MONTANA
Aurco
MTD006230346
X
NORTH DAKOTA
No Facilitiei
SOUTH DAKOTA
No Facilitiei

























UTAH
Aptui, Inc.
Engelhard Corporation (cattlyat recovery)
USPCI
USPCI CJive
UTD9815S2177
UTD009073800
UTD991301748
UTD982595795

X


WYOMING
No Facilitiea








• CGIONIX
XIZONA
Allied Precioui Metali Recyc, Inc.
Cyprui Miami Mining Corporation
Recycling Reiourcei, Inc.
AZT0500 10685
AZD0606242SI
AZD0493I800<>
X
X



X






Incin


Incin


Incin


Incin























V












X




X




X













X

'















•






-------
COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
Rinchem Co
Romic Chemical Corp.
WeiUlei Carbon-arizona
World Re*ourcei Co. (WRC)
CALIFORNIA
AAA Di«tribulion/Dry Clean Serv.
American Diversified Silver, Inc.
Appropriate Technologiei (AFTEQ
Bayday Chemical
Boliden Metech. Inc. Western D IRCRA Exempt)
Broco, Incorporated
Chem-tech Syitema, Inc.
Commodity Refining Exchange, Inc
Crosby A Overton, Inc.
Oetrex/Oold Shield Solventi
Drew ReMHirce Corp
ECS Refining
Engelhard West. Inc.
Entech Recovery, Inc (CP Organic!)
QNB Incorporated
Holchem Inc (DBA Service! Chemical)
JAB Enterpriaei
Kattleman Hillt Treatment Facility - CWM
Kiniburaky Broa Supply Inc
Laidlaw EiwiroitmeMal Services, Inc.
laidlaw Environmental Services Jne.
EPA ID
AZQ980892731
AZD0090I5389
AZD90244I263
AZD980735500

CAD981397417
CAD982524613
CAT080010101
CAT0800 12263
CAD077 182239
CAT080022148
CAT08003368I
CAMS 1402522
CAD028409019
CAD020161642
CAD070I48432
CAD003963592
CAT0006121SO
CAD98 II 60948
CAD097854S4I
CAT0006I2333
CAD069I38899
CAT000646II7
CAD088504881
CAD000633164
CAD980675276
CAP MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES
RECOVERY
Metal

-


Organic
X
X




X


X


X


X
X
X
X


X




X


X





X





X





Inorganic



















X



X


COMBUSTION
Puntpable




Nonpumpable















































TREATMENT
Fuel
Blend.
X



Waste
Water
X

X
X
Stabilization




-

•





















X


X
X

X








X




















X



DISPOSAL
Landfill






















X

X
-
DeepwcU



























-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
Micro Metallic! Corporation
Norrii Environment*! Services
Oil & Solvent Proceu Co. (OSCO)
Omega Recovery Service! Corporation
Pepper Oil Co.
Pete'* MeUl Reclamation
POP Induatriei Inc
Photo Watte Recycling Co., Inc.
Quemetco
Quick Silver Product*
Oil Proceu Co. (Rollint OPC) Inc.
RhoChem
Romic Chemical Corp.
Safety- tleen Corp.
Southern California Chemicals
Summit Environmental Corporation
Superior Induatriei Internatio
Syetech Environmental Corp. /National Cement
Technichem, Inc.
TSM Recovery and Recycling Co.
USPCI Solvent Service Co., Inc.
EPA ID
CAD0691247I7
CAD097030993
CAD008302903
CAD042245001
CAL00004I748
CAD981 685472
CAD060398229
CAD98 1161 367
CAD066233966
CAD98 1424732
CADOS08068SO
CAD008364432
CAD009452657
CAD093459485
CAD008488023
CAD089446710
CADOS0809177
CAT080031628
CAD98 1 375983
CAD 108040858
CAD0594943IO
< Af MAIS At. f MINI < 4til^«»s
RECOVERY
Metal
X




X
X
X

X




X




X

Organic


X
X







X
X
X

X


X

X
Inorganic








X












(OMBUSTION
PiimpeMr

















BIF



Ne.fw.i~Mr



















•

m»«iM»M
rw<
Blend.





















Wa^»
Watfr

X
X
X
X





X









X
HAWAII


NBVABA
BfcwaB |MB NOT W CAPt
US Eco4ufy, he
HrroOMOaSU


NVD9WN533I
NVT3NMIOOOO
X

X


BIF
X

*•**.-.




















X
m*





















«*«!
r»~e~t«





















*














X


X

X



-------
1994 COMMERCIAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES OF RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE
NAME
EPA ID
CAP MANAGEMENT CATE<;ORIES
RECOVERY
Metal
Organic
Inorganic
COMBUSTION
Pum pable
Nonpum pable
REGION X
ALASKA
Alatka Pollution Control
IDAHO
Envirotafe Service* Of Idaho, Inc.
AKD98306868S

IDD0731I4634













OREGON *'
Chemical Waate Mgmt. of the Northwest
Larry Fraepon* Inc. (RCRA Exempt)
Tektronix, Inc.
WASHINGTON
Bay Zinc
Burlington Environmental
Burlington Environmental
Burlington Environmental
Burlington Environmental
Burlington Environmental - Georgetown Facil.
Cameron- Yakima Inc
Northweat Environaervice, Inc.
CleanCare (Northwest Processing)
Petroleum Reclaiming Services, Inc.
SOL-PRO, Inc.

ORD089452353
ORD980979546
ORD009020231

WAD027530526
WAD0008I2917
WAD99I28I767
WAD020257945
WAD0923002SO
WAD0008 12909
WAD009477175
WAD058367152
WAD980738S12
WAD980S1I729
WAD98I769110





X


X















X
X

X
X
X
X











X





































TREATMENT
Fuel
Blend.











X


X




X

Waste
Water

X

X



X


X
X
X
X
X






Stabilization



X

X




X
X










IMSI
Landfill



X

X















•m*l
Dvtpwvtl






















-------
Appendix E
     77

-------
                                 CAP Management Categories

                                  Discussion of Technologies


       For each of the  12 CAP Management Categories, the main technologies used for each
category  are described, including the types of waste recovered, treated or disposed.  Each CAP
Management Category is comprised of a number of waste management technologies that are generally
interchangable for managing broad types of wastes based on treatment performance.

                                       Metals Recovery

Metals Recovery Technologies

       Metals recovery technologies are designed to separate desired metals from other constituents
of hazardous wastes.  The most common technologies, which are described below, are high
temperature metals recovery, retorting, secondary smelting, ion exchange, and acid leaching.

       High temperature metals recovery is used to treat hazardous wastes that contain metals such
as cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, and zinc compounds.  Metals are separated from the waste at
high temperatures through a thermochemical process using carbon, limestone, and silica as the
chemical  agents. The constituents being recovered from the waste are heated so that they melt and/or
volatilize and can be recovered in metallic or oxide form from process vapors or from a molten bath.
The high temperature metals recovery process typically consists of a mixing unit, a high temperature
processing unit, a product collection system, and a residual treatment system. Other volatile metals,
such as arsenic or antimony, may be difficult to separate from the desired metal products and may
adversely affect the ability to reuse the recovered materials.  Slag, the primary  residual from the
process, is sometimes cooled in a quench tank and reused either directly or after further processing,
or, if the material has no recoverable value, it is land disposed  after necessary treatment.

       Retorting is similar to high temperature metals recovery in that it provides for recovery of
metals from wastes primarily by volatilization and subsequent collection an condensation of the
volatilized components.  It is used primarily to remove elemental  mercury, as well as mercury present
in the oxide, hydroxide, and sulfide forms from  hazardous wastes.

       Secondary  smelting is also very similar to high temperature metals recovery, but is generally
used for processes  that recover lead from hazardous wastes.  In this process, waste passes through a
smelting  furnace where the lead is concentrated into a bullion and separated from slag in molten form.

       Ion exchange is primarily used to treat aqueous hazardous wastes with  dissolved metals.
These wastes might also contain nonmetallic anions such as halides, sulfates, nitrates, and cyanides,
and water soluble ionic organic compounds.  In  ion exchange metals recovery, hazardous metal ions
are removed and replaced by nonhazardous ions.

       Acid leaching is used to treat hazardous wastes in solid or slurry form that either contain
metal constituents that are soluble in a strong acid solution or can be converted  by reaction with a
strong acid to a soluble form.  The acid leaching process  is most effective with wastes that have high
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levels (over 1,000 parts per million) of metal constituents3.  Leachate from acid leaching generally
requires further processing (e.g., ion exchange) to recover metals from the solution.

                                      Inorganics Recovery

Inorganics Recovery Technologies

       Acid regeneration is the primary technology for inorganics recovery and is used to recover
mainly halogen and sulfuric acids.  These acids are recovered by halogen acid furnaces and sulfur
recovery furnaces, respectively, which are regulated under the Boilers and Industrial Furnaces (BIF)
Rule. Halogen acid furnaces typically process  chlorinated and brominated secondary waste streams,
with 20 to 70 percent halogen content by weight, to produce either hydrogen chlorine or hydrogen
bromine*.  Sulfur recovery furnaces are used by sulfuric acid plants to process used sulfuric acid and
other sulfur-containing wastes. Typical acid contaminants include organics, inorganics, and water.
The contaminated acids and other halogen- or sulfur-containing compounds are thermally decomposed
at elevated temperatures and the desired halogen or sulfur compounds captured from the exhaust
gases, such as by passing the gases through converted catalyst beds.

                                       Organics Recovery

Organics Recovery Technologies

       Organics recovery technologies are used to separate liquid organic wastes, primarily spent
solvents (both halogenated and nonhalogenated), for full or partial recovery.  The most common
technologies, described below, are distillation and solvent extraction.  Other technologies include
waste oil recovery and non-solvents organic recovery.

       Distillation is a thermal treatment technology applicable to the treatment of wastes  containing
organics that are volatile enough to be  removed by the application of heat. Constituents that are not
volatilized may be reused or incinerated, as appropriate.  Distillation is the process of separating
volatile  materials using evaporation followed by condensation.  The liquids to be separated must have
different volatilities and the  degree of separation of these liquids is limited by the difference in their
volatilities.  Distillation for  recovery can be limited by the presence of either volatile or thermally
reactive suspended solids.

       Important distillation technologies are:

        •       Fractionation.  This technology uses tray columns or packed towers equipped with a
               reboiler, condenser, and an accumulator.  The process is not applicable for liquids
               with high viscosity at high temperature, liquids with a high concentration of solids,
               polyurethanes,  and  inorganics.  In general, the process is used where recovery of
    3 Treatment Technology Background Document. January 1991, U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste.
page 184
    6 56 FR 7140

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               multiple constituents is desired and the waste contains minimal amounts of suspended
               solids.  This process achieves a high product purity.

       •       Steam Stripping. This process is essentially fractionation with steam as the heat
               source.  It is typically applied to wastes with less than 1 percent volatile organics*.

       •       Batch Distillation. This technology uses a steam-jacketed vessel, a condenser, and a
               product receiver.  Pressurized steam is usually the source of heat.

       •       Thin Film Evaporation.  This technology uses a steam-jacketed cylindrical vessel and
               condenser, where the material trickles down the inside cylinder walls in thin streams,
               and a distribution device spreads the film over the heated surface.  It can be used to
               treat highly concentrated organic wastes that contain low concentrations of suspended
               solids.

       Solvent extraction is used to treat wastes with a broad range of total organic content, such as
certain oil refinery wastes.  Constituents are removed from the waste by mixing it with a solvent that
will preferentially dissolve the constituents of concern.  The selection of a solvent depends on its
solubility with the organic compounds to be removed and the  other constituents in the waste. The
waste and solvent must be physically immiscible so that after  mixing the two immiscible phases can
be physically separated by gravity. The process can be either batch or continuous.  The simplest,
least effective solvent extraction unit is a single-stage system (mixer-setter system).  Other types of
solvent extraction systems include multi-stage contact extraction (basically a series of single-stage
units), countercurrent multi-stage extraction columns, and centrifugal contactors.

                                 Stabilization/Chemical  Fixation

       Stabilization and chemical fixation refer to treatment processes that chemically or physically
immobilize the hazardous constituents in a waste by binding the hazardous constituents into a solid
mass.  The resulting product has a low permeability that resists leaching.

       Stabilization  is used to treat wastes containing leachable metals and having a high filterable
solids content, low organic  carbon content, and low oil and grease content.  The leachable metals in  a
waste are immobilized following the addition of stabilizing  agents and other chemicals, and the
resulting lattice structure and/or chemical bonds bind the metals to the solid matrix and thereby limit
the amount of metal constituents that can be leached. The process normally requires a weighing
device, a mixing unit (typically  commercial concrete mixers), and a curing vessel or pad.  Advantages
of stabilization include  inexpensive and plentiful raw materials and minimal pretreatment
requirements. The main disadvantage is that the large volumes of additives required greatly increase
the waste volume to be disposed.  The main stabilization technologies are:

        •      Lime-Based Pozzolan Process. This technology treats sludges and  contaminated soils
               by adding large amounts of siliceous (silica) materials combined with a setting agent
               such  as lime, forming a dewatered stabilized solidified product. Contaminants can
               include metals,  waste oils, and solvents.  Materials such as borates, sulfates, and
    6 Treatment Technologies Background Document, page 135

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               carbohydrates interfere with the process.

       •       Portland Cement Pozzolan Process.  This technology is similar to the lime-based
               pozzolan process except that the waste is mixed with portland cement.  The process is
               effective for metal cations, latex and solid plastic wastes.  Large amounts of dissolved
               sulfate salts or metallic anions (such as arsenate and borates) can interfere with
               solidification. Organic material, lignite, silt, or clay in the wastes will increase
               setting time.

       •       Sorption.  This technology,  suitable for organics and inorganics, is commonly used to
               treat metal sludges removed from aqueous waste streams.  Contaminants are bound up
            .  in pozzolan-type matrices by physical or chemical sorption,  yielding a stabilized,
               easier to handle material.  After treatment, the material is permeable and contains a
               high concentration of contaminants  at its surface;  consequently,  contaminants may
               leach.

       Two types of high temperature stabilization include vitrification and high temperature
calcination.  The vitrification process involves dissolving the waste at high temperatures into glass or
a glasslike matrix.  It is applicable to nonwastewaters containing  arsenic (usually in form  of arsenate
salts), other characteristic toxic metal constituents that are relatively nonvolatile at operating
temperature of the process, and certain wastes containing organometallic compounds.  The process is
not applicable to volatile metallic compounds or wastes containing high levels of constituents that will
interfere with  the vitrification process,  such as  chlorides and halogen salts.  High temperature
calcination,  applicable to inorganic wastes that  do not contain volatile constituents, involves merely
heating the material at high temperatures. The waste is sometimes blended  with lime before heating.
The process removes water from the waste, converts hydroxides to oxides, and  converts the waste
into a coherent mass, reducing the surface area to a minimum.

       Fixation processes are applicable to liquid, semi-liquid, or solid wastes  that may leach
hazardous constituents. The  processes can effectively treat a variety of hazardous wastes  containing
heavy metals,  such as sludges from electroplating operations,  ion-exchange resins from water
demineralization, spent activated carbon, pesticides, nickel-cadmium battery sludge, and pigment
production sludge.  The process involves  grinding a dewatered waste, mixing the resulting particles
with a hardening resin, placing the mixture  in a mold, and heating the material until it fuses.  The
product is hard, solid block with reduced  teachability potential, improved  handling, and minimal
volume increase (unlike conventional stabilization techniques). The  most  serious drawback is
uncertainty about long-term effectiveness.

        In the main fixation technologies, asphalt-based and thermoplastic encapsulation, the
dewatered waste is mixed within either an asphalt bitumen, paraffin, or polyethylene matrix. These
technologies are applicable to hazardous wastes that are complex  and difficult to treat, but should not
be used for  waste with high-water content, strongly oxidizing contaminants, anhydrous inorganic
salts, tetraborates, iron and aluminum salts, or  volatile organics.

        Another stabilization/fixation technology \& polymerization.  This  technology has been applied
to spills and used catalysts to convert a monomer or a low-order  polymer of a particular compound to
a larger polymer. Larger polymers generally have greater chemical, physical, and biological stability.
The process is used to treat organics, including aromatics,  aliphatics, and oxygenated monomers such

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as styrene, vinyl chloride, isoprene, and acrylonitrile.  These technologies expand the volume of
hazardous wastes to be disposed.

                     Combustion-Pumpable and Combustion-Nonpumpable

       As explained in the text of the Report, EPA has reorganized the four incineration and energy
recovery CAP Management Categories into two categories:  Combustlon-pumpable and Combustion-
Nonpumpable combustion.  Combustion-Pumpable includes energy recovery for liquids and
incineration of liquids and gases.  Combustion-Nonpumpable includes energy recovery and
incineration for solids and sludges.

Combustion  Technologies

       Energy recovery systems burn hazardous waste for its fuel value.  The capacity to burn
liquids as fuel dominates at a national level, as sludges and solids are not often burned for recovery.
Types of energy recovery systems are  discussed below. See the discussion of inorganics recovery and
of fuel blending for related topics.

       •       Industrial Kilns.  Cement and lightweight aggregate kilns can burn liquid hazardous
               wastes for their heat value.  (A few cement kilns also burn small containers of viscous
               or solid hazardous waste fuels.) Typically, cement kilns blend the wastes with fossil
               fuels while aggregate kilns burn 100 percent liquid hazardous waste.

       •       Industrial Boilers.  Some industrial boilers can use limited amounts and types of
               hazardous wastes as supplements to fossil fuels.  The wastes are commonly  blended
               before using as fuel.

All of these units which are currently burning hazardous waste are operating under interim status and
have applied  for RCRA Part B permits.

       Incineration uses controlled, high-temperature combustion processes to break down the
organic compounds in a hazardous waste.  The incineration of hazardous waste must be performed in
accordance with the incinerator design and emmissions regulations in 40 CFR, Subpart O.
Incinerators can burn pumpable waste  (liquids and gases), nonpumpable waste (solids and sludges), or
both. Several types of incinerators are discussed below.

       •      Liquid Injection Incinerators.  These incinerators are used widely for destruction of
               liquid organic wastes.   They operate by spraying the waste mixed with air into a
               chamber where flame oxidation occurs.

        •      Rotary Kilns.  Rotary  kilns can treat most types  of solids, liquids, and gases.  They
               consist of a long inclined tube where the waste is placed and rotated slowly  as heat is
               applied.  The process  is intended for solids, but  liquids and gases can be mixed with
               the solids.
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       •      Fluidized-bed Incinerators.  Air is blown through a granular bed (usually sand) until
              the particles are suspended and move and mix like a fluid.  The heated particles come
              in contact with the wastes to be incinerated and improve the heat transfer. This type
              of incineration is ideal for sludge and slurries.

Other types of incinerators include two-stage and fixed hearth.
                                         Fuel Blending

       Fuel blending is the process of blending hazardous waste streams together, generally in tanks,
to obtain a fuel that meets the specifications of fuel burners (e.g., energy recovery systems).  Fuel
blending is not a stand-alone treatment technology; the resulting fuels are subsequently burned, either
on or off site, by the systems described under the Combustion-Pumpable and Combustion-
Nonpumpable CAP Management Categories.

                        Hazardous Wastewaters and Sludges Treatment

       This CAP Management Category covers a broad range of treatment technologies and treats
the largest volume of hazardous waste of any CAP Management Category.  Wastes that are treated in
this category either undergo further treatment (under this or other CAP Management Categories) or
are sent for disposal.  Many of these technologies are used together in one treatment system (e.g.,
chrome reduction followed by chemical precipitation).  The discussion of these technologies is
organized by the principal type of waste treated:  aqueous inorganic, aqueous organic, aqueous
inorganic and  organic, sludge, and other.

Aqueous Inorganic Treatment

        Chrome reduction (hexavalent) is applicable to wastes containing hexavalent chromium
wastes, including plating solutions.  The process uses a chemical  reaction with a reducing agent, such
as sulfur dioxide or sodium bisulfite, to reduce chromium from a hexavalent to a trivalent state, so
that the chromium can be more easily precipitated. The reduced chromium compounds are
precipitated from the solution by raising the pH and the resulting insoluble form  of chromium is
allowed to settle from the solution.

        Cyanide destruction is applicable to wastes containing high concentrations of cyanide, such as
concentrated spent plating solutions.  This technology is'often applied as  pretreatment prior to
chemical oxidation. The waste is subject to electrolytic reaction with dissolved oxygen in an aqueous
solution and broken down into carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and ammonia.  The procedure is conducted
at elevated temperature, depends on the conductivity of waste, and occurs in a closed cell.

        Chemical oxidation changes the chemical form of hazardous material through a chemical
reaction with an oxidizing agent that produces carbon dioxide, water, salts, and simple organic acids.
Principal chemical oxidants include hypochlorite, chlorine gas, chlorine dioxide,  hydrogen peroxide,
ozone, and potassium permanganate. This technology is used to treat wastes containing organics,
sulfide wastes, and certain cyanide and metal wastes.
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       Chemical precipitation is used to treat wastewaters containing metals and other inorganic
substances such as fluoride. The process removes these metals and inorganics from solution in the
form of insoluble solid precipitate by adding a precipitating agent (e.g., lime, caustic (NaOH), sodium
sulfide).  The solids that form are then separated from the wastewater by settling, clarification, and/or
polishing filtration. Pretreatment may be required for some wastewaters, such as those that contain
chromium or cyanide.

       Ion exchange is used to treat hazardous wastewaters with metals that are present as soluble
ionic species, nonmetallic anions such as halides,  sulfates, nitrates, and cyanides, and water soluble
ionic organic compounds.  Typically, the waste constituents are removed when a waste solution is
percolated through a granular bed of the ion exchanger, in which ions from the waste are exchanged
with those in the ion exchanger.

       Reverse osmosis involves a dilute solution and concentrated solution separated by a semi-
permeable membrane.  When high pressure is added to the concentrated side, the solution flows
through the membrane to the more dilute side, collecting waste constituents that  are unable to pass
through the membrane.

Aqueous Organic Treatment

       Biological treatment processes are  used to decompose hazardous organic substances with
microorganisms.  These processes require stable operating conditions and usually take place in tanks
or lagoons.  The most common type is aerobic biological treatment, including activated sludge
treatment.  This method treats wastewaters with low levels of nonhalogenated organics  and certain
halogenated organics.

        Carbon adsorption is used to treat  aqueous organic wastewaters with high molecular weights
and boiling points and low solubility and polarity, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and aromatics (e.g.,
phenol).  The wastewater is passed through activated carbon beds which attract and hold (adsorb) the
organic waste constituents  (and possibly inorganics and metals),  removing them from the water.

       Air stripping is a process used to treat aqueous organic waste with relatively high volatility
and low water solubility.  The volatile contaminants are evaporated into the air and captured for
subsequent treatment.  Steam stripping is used to treat aqueous organic wastes contaminated with
chlorinated hydrocarbons,  aroraatics, ketones, and alcohols. This technology can treat less volatile
and more soluble wastes than air stripping  and can handle a wide concentration range.  First, steam is
used to evaporate volatile organics.  The evaporated organics are then captured,  condensed, and
reused or further treated.

Aqueous Inorganic/Organic Treatment

        Wet  air oxidation  is used to treat aqueous waste streams with less than five percent organics,
pesticides wastes, and wastewaters containing sulfur, cyanide, or phenolic compounds. It is not
recommended for treating  aromatic halogenated organics, inorganics, or large volumes of waste. The
aqueous solution is heated in the presence of compressed air and dissolved or finely divided organics
are oxidized. These oxidized products usually remain in the liquids phase. These liquids can then
further treated or sent for disposal.  An important advantage of wet air oxidation is that it accepts
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waste with organic concentrations ranging between those considered ideal for biological treatment or
for incineration.

Sludge Treatment

       Sludge dewatering (sludge filtration) is used for wastes with high concentrations of suspended
solids (generally higher than 1 percent).  Sludges can be dewatered to 20 to 50 percent solids.  The
solid particles are separated from the waste through a filter that permits fluid flow but retains the
particles.  For this technology, waste can be pumped through a porous filter, drawn by vacuum
through a cloth filter, or gravity-drained and mechanically pressured through two continuous fabric
belts.

       Solvent extraction is used to treat wastes with a broad range of total organic content, such as
certain oil refinery wastes.  Constituents are removed from the waste by mixing  it with a solvent that
will preferentially dissolve the constituents of concern.  The waste and solvent must be physically
immiscible so that after mixing the two immiscible phases can be physically separated by gravity.

       Other sludge treatment methods include addition of excess lime or caustic to  increase the
alkalinity of the waste and absorption/adsorption processed to remove liquid from the sludge.

Other Wastewaters Treatment

       Neutralization is used to treat waste acids and alkalies (bases) in order to eliminate or reduce
their reactivity and corrosiveness. In this process, an excess of acidic ions (H+) is balanced with an
excess of base ions (OH") to form a  neutral solution.

       Evaporation is physical separation of a liquid from a dissolved or suspended solid by adding
energy to volatilize the liquid.  It can be applied to any mixture of liquids and nonvolatile solids. The
liquid should volatilize at reasonable temperature.

       There are many types of settling/clarification processes. One type is sedimentation, which is
a gravity-settling process mat allows heavier solids to separate from fluid by collecting at the bottom
of a containment vessel such as settling ponds or a circular clarifier. Additional treatment is usually
needed for the liquid and separated sludge. Flocculation is the addition of a chemical to a waste to
enhance  sedimentation and centrifugation, primarily for  inorganic precipitation.

       Phase separation refers to processes such as emulsion breaking and filtration.  Emulsion
breaking uses gravitational force to separate liquids with sufficiently different densities,  such as oil
and water.  This process is enhanced by adding certain acids.  Filtration is a process of separating and
removing suspended solids from a liquid  by passing the  liquid through a porous  medium (see sludge
dewatering). Polishing filtration,  applied to wastewaters containing relatively low concentrations of
solids, is used after chemical precipitation and settling/clarification of wastewaters containing
inorganic precipitates to remove additional particles, such as those that are difficult to settle because
of their shape or density.
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                                            Landfill

Land Disposal Methods

       The landfill category includes landfill and surface impoundment disposal.  Waste disposed in
a landfill is placed on or beneath the surface of the ground and covered with soil or other material, to
isolate the wastes from the environment.  Landfills are required to have double liners, leachate
collection systems, and ground-water monitoring programs.  Wastes not permitted to be disposed in
landfills include bulk or non-containerized liquid nonhazardous and hazardous waste, or free liquids
containing hazardous waste.   In addition, wastes such as acids must be segregated to prevent reactions
with other wastes or waste constituents.

       A surface impoundment is a natural topographic depression, man-made excavation, or diked
area, such as a pond, pit, or lagoon, that can be used for  disposal if the  closure requirements for a
landfill are followed.  Surface impoundments are open on the surface and are designed to accumulate
organic and inorganic liquid wastes,  sludges, and slurries. Surface impoundments are now required
to have double liners, leachate collection systems, and routine inspections7.

       Under the RCRA Land Disposal  Restriction (LDR) program, hazardous wastes generally
cannot be disposed in landfills or surface impoundments until after the waste has been properly
treated. Thus, disposal facilities receive  treatment residuals, such as  incinerator ash or stabilized
wastes8.
                      •
Data Issues

       Unlike other CAP Management Categories, landfill capacity is non-renewable; that is, landfill
capacity used in one year is  not available hi  the next.  (Thus, the units for capacity data are in tons
not tons/year.) Without the addition of new landfill capacity by the siting of new facilities or
expansion of existing facilities, landfill capacity declines over time.

       The landfill capacity data include landfill cells that are not yet permitted, but are at landfills
that are permitted and operating.  Also, two  states have imposed annual  limits on the amount of
hazardous waste that commercial landfills in their states can receive.  The national assessment
methodology assumes that these annual limits, reflect the actual capacity  in these states.

                                Deepwell/Underground Injection

       Deepwell/underground injection is the disposal of hazardous wastewaters  by  injection into
underground rock formations. Wastes are injected through bored, drilled, or driven wells, or through
dug wells where the depth of the well is  greater than its largest surface dimension.  The disposal
method relies on hydrogeological principles  of the movement of liquids in layers of deep underground
rock; the most desirable injection zone has sedimentary rocks with sufficient permeability, thickness,
depth, and areal extent. Underground injection is used mostly for wastewaters that are difficult and
    7 40 CFR 268.4

    * 40 CFR 268.40
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costly to treat by surface methods, biologically inactive, noncorrosive, free of suspended solids, and
unlikely to react adversely with the rock strata or the fluid used to pressurize the wells.  Much of the
waste is pretreated to remove suspended solids or adjust the pH. As noted for the Landfill category,
hazardous wastes generally cannot be disposed in underground injection wells unless the applicable
LDR treatment standards are met9. Capacity amounts are determined by permit. Note that many of
the wastewater  treatment technologies are technically capable of also treating the wastes being
disposed through deepwell and underground injection.

                                   Land Treatment/Fanning

       Wastes  disposed by land treatment/farming must meet LDR treatment standards before land
disposal and the land treatment facilities must meet minimum technology standards10.  This disposal
method is only  used  at onsite and captive facilities; it is not used commercially and the National
Assessment does not include projections for this CAP Management Category. Land
treatment/farming is  used to dispose of biodegradable hazardous wastes by depositing the wastes on or
near the soil surface, mixing the wastes with the soil using conventional plow techniques, and
allowing the wastes to  be naturally decomposed by microbes such as algae and bacteria.  The
hazardous wastes, including organic liquid wastes and sludges, often require pretreatment before
disposal to reduce or eliminate their hazardous attributes. The effectiveness of waste degradation is
affected by many factors including the density and makeup of the microbe populations, which vary
with soil depth  and geographic location, and the care given to the waste after being deposited.  The
regulatory standards  for this technology require the owner or operator to establish a program to
ensure that hazardous constituents placed within the facility's treatment zone are degraded,
transformed,  or mobilized within that zone11.

                                       Transfer/Storage

       This CAP Management Category captures those hazardous wastes that are shipped off site to
transfer facilities which store the waste for  short periods of time, sometimes bulking the waste with
other shipments, and then shipping the waste to hazardous waste management facilities. The
hazardous waste must be stored for less than 10 days, or the transfer facility becomes subject to the
standards and permitting requirements for hazardous waste management facilities.  If the waste is
stored 10 days  or less, the facility is  subject only  to transporter regulations12.  Transporters that mix
hazardous wastes with  different Department of Transportation (DOT) shipping descriptions in the
same container are classified as generators and must comply with the relevant RCRA Subtitle C
regulations.
    9 40 CFR 148.1

    10 40 CFR 264.271


     11  40 CFR 264.271

    12 40 CFR 268.50
                                                         ,,«,-.
                                                         U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

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