United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Off ice of
Solid Waste &
Emergency Response
EPA/530-SW-84-009
June 1984
Solid Waste
SEPA
The Hydrologic Evaluation of
Landfill Performance (HELP)
Model
Do not remove. This document
should be retained in the EPA
Region 5 Library Collection.
Volume I. User's Guide for
Version I
Technical Resource Document
for Public Comment
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THE HYDROLOGIC EVALUATION OF LANDFILL
PERFORMANCE (HELP) MODEL
Volume I. User's Guide for Version 1
by
P. R. Schroeder, J. M. Morgan, T. M. Walski, and A. C. Gibson
U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station
Vicksburg, MS 39180
Interagency Agreement Number AD-96-F-2-A140
Project Officer
D. C. Ammon
Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Division
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
Cincinnati, OH 45268
MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OH 45268
OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, DC 20460
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DISCLAIMER
This report was prepared by P. R. Schroeder, J. M. Morgan, T. M. Walski,
and A. C. Gibson of the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station,
Vicksburg, Mississippi under Interagency Agreement AD-96-F-2-A140. The EPA
Project Officer was D. C. Ammon of the Municipal Environmental Research Labo-
ratory, Cincinnati, Ohio.
This is a draft report that is being released by EPA for public comment
on the accuracy and usefulness of the information in it. The report has
received extensive technical review but the Agency's peer and adminstrative
review process has not yet been completed. Therefore it does not necessarily
reflect the views or policies of the Agency. Mention of trade names or com-
mercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
ii
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FOREWORD
The Environmental Protection Agency was created because of increasing
public and governmental concern about the dangers of pollution to the health
and welfare of the American people. Noxious air, foul water, and spoiled land
are tragic testimony to the deterioration of our natural environment. The
complexity of the environment and the interplay between its components require
a concentrated and integrated attack on the problem.
Research and development is the first necessary step in problem solution;
it involves defining the problem, measuring its impact, and searching for
solutions. The Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory develops new and
improved technology and systems to prevent, treat, and manage wastewater and
the solid and hazardous waste pollutant discharges from municipal and commu-
nity sources; to preserve and treat public drinking water supplies; and to
minimize the adverse economic, social, health and aesthetic effects of pollu-
tion. This publication is one of the products of that research—a vital com-
munications link between the researcher and the user community.
The Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) program was
developed to facilitate rapid, economical estimations of the water movement
across, into, through, and out of landfills. The program is applicable for
evaluation of open, partially closed, and fully closed sites by both designers
and permit writers.
FRANCIS T. MAYO
Director
Municipal Environmental Research
Laboratory
111
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PREFACE
Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) requires
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish a Federal hazardous
waste management program. This program must ensure that hazardous wastes are
handled safely from generation until final disposition. EPA issued a series
of hazardous waste regulations under Subtitle C of RCRA that is published in
40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 260 through 265 and 122 through 124.
Parts 264 and 265 of 40 CFR contain standards applicable to owners and
operators of all facilities that treat, store, or dispose of hazardous wastes.
Wastes are identified or listed as hazardous under 40 CFR Part 261. The
Part 264 standards are implemented through permits issued by authorized states
or the EPA in accordance with 40 CFR Part 122 and Part 124 regulations. Land
treatment, storage, and disposal (LTSD) regulations in 40 CFR Part 264 issued
on July 26, 1982, establish performance standards for hazardous waste land-
fills, surface impoundments, land treatment units, and waste piles.
The Environmental Protection Agency is developing three types of docu-
ments for preparers and reviewers of permit applications for hazardous waste
LTSD facilities. These types include RCRA Technical Guidance Documents,
Permit Guidance Manuals, and Technical Resource Documents (TRD's). The RCRA
Technical Guidance Documents present design and operating specifications or
design evaluation techniques that generally comply with or demonstrate compli-
ance with the Design and Operating Requirements and the Closure and Post-
Closure Requirements of Part 264. The Permit Guidance Manuals are being
developed to describe the permit application information the Agency seeks and
to provide guidance to applicants and permit writers in addressing the infor-
mation requirements. These manuals will include a discussion of each step in
the permitting process, and a description of each set of specifications that
must be considered for inclusion in the permit.
The Technical Resource Documents present state-of-the-art summaries of
technologies and evaluation techniques determined by the Agency to constitute
good engineering designs, practices, and procedures. They support the RCRA
Technical Guidance Documents and Permit Guidance Manuals in certain areas
(i.e., liners, leachate management, closure covers, water balance) by describ-
ing current technologies and methods for designing hazardous waste facilities
or for evaluating the performance of a facility design. Although emphasis is
given to hazardous waste facilities, the information presented in these TRD's
may be used in designing and operating non-hazardous waste LTSD facilities as
well. Whereas the RCRA Technical. Guidance Documents and Permit Guidance
Manuals are directly related to the regulations, the information in these
IV
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TRD's covers a broader perspective and should not be used to interpret the
requirements of the regulations.
This document is a first edition draft being made available for public review
and comment. It has undergone review by recognized experts in the technical
areas covered, but Agency peer review processing has not been completed yet.
Public comment is desired on the accuracy and usefulness of the information
presented in this manual. Comments received will be evaluated, before publi-
cation of the second edition. Communications should be addressed to Docket
Clerk, Room S-212, Office of Solid Waste (WH-562), U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, 401 M Street, S.W., Washington, D.C., 20460. The document under
discussion should be identified by title (e.g., "The Hydrologic Evaluation of
Landfill Performance (HELP) Model").
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ABSTRACT
The Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) program was
developed to facilitate rapid, economical estimation of the amounts of surface
runoff, subsurface drainage, and leachate that may be expected to result from
the operation of a wide variety of possible landfill designs. The program
models the effects of hydrologic processes including precipitation, surface
storage, runoff, infiltration, percolation, evapotranspiration, soil moisture
storage, and lateral drainage using a quasi-two-dimensional approach. In this
document, some basic elements of the model are briefly described, input/output
options are discussed in detail, and instructions for running the program on
the National Computer Center IBM Computer System are given.
This report was submitted in partial fulfillment of Interagency Agreement
Number AD-96-F-2-A140 between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the
U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. This report covers a period
from April 1982 to August 1983, and work was completed as of August 1983.
vi
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CONTENTS
Foreword ill
Preface iv
Abstract vi
Figures viii
Tables viii
Acknowledgments ix
1. Introduction 1
2. Basic Landfill Design Concepts 3
3. Program Definitions, Options and Restrictions 7
Introduction 7
Hydrologic Processes 7
Data Requirements 8
4. Program Input 18
Introduction 18
Rules 20
Overall Program Control (1. MAIN) 21
Default Climatologic Data (2. DCDATA) 22
Manual Rainfall Data (3. MCDATA) 24
Default Soil Data (4. DSDATA) 26
Manual Soil Data (5. MSDATA) 31
Site Description (6. SITE) 35
Characteristics of Open Sites (7. OPEN) 36
Manual Climatologic Data Except Rainfall (8. MTRLYR) . . 36
Editing Precipitation Data (9. PRECHK) 43
Editing Soil and Design Data (10. SDCHK) 45
Simulation Output Control (11. SIMULA) 47
Loading Precipitation Data from Off-Line Media 48
Saving Precipitation Data Files 48
5. Program Output 50
6. Examples 53
References 103
Appendices 104
A. Steps to Log On and Off NCC 104
B. NCC Access Numbers and Terminal Identifiers 107
C. Cost Analysis for the NCC Time-Sharing Option 120
vii
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FIGURES
Number Page
1 Typical hazardous waste landfill profile 5
2 Typical landfill profile 12
3 Relationship between SCS curve number and minimum infiltration
ratio (MIR) for various vegetative covers 17
4 Relationship among types of input 19
TABLES
Number Page
1 Listing of Default Cities and States 9
2 Default Soil Characteristics 15
viii
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to express their sincere appreciation to
Mrs. Cheryl Lloyd and Mr. Thomas E. Schaefer, Jr. of the Environmental Engi-
neering Division, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, for their
many contributions to the development of this user's guide.
ix
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
The Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) computer program
is a quasi-two-dimensional hydrologic model of water movement across, into,
through, and out of landfills. The model accepts climatologic, soil, and
design data and utilizes a solution technique that accounts for the effects of
surface storage, runoff, infiltration, percolation, evapotranspiration, soil
moisture storage, and lateral drainage. Landfill systems including various
combinations of vegetation, cover soils, waste cells, special drainage layers,
and relatively impermeable barrier soils, as well as synthetic membrane covers
and liners, may be modeled. The program was developed to facilitate rapid
estimation of the amounts of runoff, drainage, and leachate that may be
expected to result from the operation of a wide variety of landfill designs.
The model, applicable to open, partially closed, and fully closed sites, is a
tool for both designers and permit writers.
BACKGROUND
The HELP program was developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Water-
ways Experiment Station (WES), Vicksburg, MS, for the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA) Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati,
OH, in response to needs identified by the EPA Office of Solid Waste, Washing-
ton, DC.
HELP represents a major advance beyond the Hydrologic Simulation on Solid
Waste Disposal Sites (HSSWDS) program (1, 2) which was also developed at WES.
For example, the HSSWDS model did not allow for lateral flow through drainage
layers, handled saturated vertical flow only in a very rudimentary manner, and
included infiltration, percolation, and evapotranspiration routines almost
identical to those used in the Chemical, Runoff, and Erosion from Agricultural
Management Systems (CREAMS) model which was developed by the U.S. Department
of Agriculture (3). The HELP model is much improved (in terms of applicabil-
ity to landfills) with respect to these components; however, the infiltration
routine still relies heavily on the Hydrology Section of the National Engi-
neering Handbook (4), as do both HSSWDS and CREAMS.
The HELP model is applicable to most landfill applications, but was
developed specifically to perform hazardous waste disposal landfill evalua-
tions as required by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. Hazardous
waste disposal landfills generally should have a liner to prevent migration of
waste out of the landfill, a final cover to minimize the production of
1
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leachate following closure, careful controls of runon and runoff, and limits
on the buildup of leachate head over the liner to no more than one foot. The
HELP model is useful for predicting the amounts of runoff, drainage, and
leachate expected for reasonable design as well as the build-up of leachate
above the liner. However, the model should not be expected to produce credi-
ble results from input unrepresentative of landfills.
OVERVIEW
The principal purpose of this user's guide is to provide the basic infor-
mation needed to use the computer program. Thus, while some attention must be
given to definitions, descriptions of variables, and interpretation of
results, only a minimal, amount of such information is provided. However,
detailed documentation providing in-depth coverage of the theory and assump-
tions on which the model is based, as well as the internal logic of the pro-
gram, is also available (5). Potential HELP users are strongly encouraged to
read through the documentation and this user's guide before attempting to use
the program to evaluate a landfill design.
Assistance in running the program can be provided by the developers at
WES. They can be reached by commercial telephone at (601) 634-3710 or via the
FTS system at 542-3710.
The outline of the remainder of this manual is presented below.
• Section 2 - Basic landfill design concepts
• Section 3 - Program definitions, options, and restrictions
• Section 4 - Program input
• Section 5 - Program output
• Section 6 - Examples
• Appendix A - Detailed explanation of how to execute the program on
EPA's National Computer Center system
•Appendix B - Listing of information needed to access the National
Computer Center system
• Appendix C - Cost analysis for executing HELP on the National Computer
Center system
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SECTION 2
BASIC LANDFILL DESIGN CONCEPTS
BACKGROUND
Over the past 30 to 40 years the sanitary landfill has come to be widely
recognized as an economical and effective means for disposal of municipal and
industrial solid wastes. Today, modern methods of landfill construction and
management are sufficiently developed to ensure that even large volumes of
such materials can be handled and disposed of in such a way as to protect pub-
lic health, minimize adverse effects on the environment, and, in many cases,
ultimately enhance land values.
More recently, public attention has been focused on a special class of
materials commonly referred to as hazardous wastes. The chemical and physical
diversity, environmental persistence, and acute and long-term detrimental
effects on human, plant, and animal health of many of these substances are
such that great care must be exercised in disposing of them. Hazardous wastes
are produced in such large quantities and are so diverse that universally
acceptable disposal methods have yet to be devised. However, it appears that,
for the present, disposal (or, often more precisely, storage) in secure land-
fills is the prudent approach in many instances. The current state-of-the-art
calls for what may be thought of simply as an extension of sanitary landfill
technology utilizing very conservative design criteria. Some important basic
principles and concepts of landfill design are summarized below. Specific
emphasis is given to disposal of hazardous materials, but the discussion is
applicable to ordinary sanitary landfills as well.
LEACHATE PRODUCTION
Storage of any waste material in a landfill poses several potential prob-
lems. Among these is the possible contamination of soil and ground and sur-
face waters that may occur as leachate produced by water or liquid wastes
moving into, through, and out of the landfill migrates into adjacent areas.
This problem is especially important when hazardous wastes are involved since
many of these substances are quite resistant to biological or chemical degra-
dation and, thus, may be expected to persist in their original form for many
years, perhaps even for centuries. Given this possibility it is desirable for
hazardous waste landfills to be designed to prevent any waste or leachate from
ever moving into adjacent areas. This objective is beyond the capability of
current technology, but does represent a goal in the design and operation of
today's landfills. The Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP)
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model has been developed specifically as a tool that may be used by designers
and regulatory reviewers to choose designs that minimize potential contamina-
tion problems, but yet are practical given the state-of-the-art.
In the context of a landfill, leachate may be described as liquid that
has percolated through the layers of waste material. Thus, leachate may be
composed of liquids that originate from a number of sources including reac-
tions associated with decomposition of waste materials, precipitation, surface
drainage, and groundwater. The chemical quality of leachate varies widely
depending upon a number of factors including the quantity produced, the origi-
nal nature of the buried waste materials, and the various chemical and bio-
chemical reactions that may occur as the waste materials decompose. In the
absence of evidence to the contrary, most regulatory agencies prefer to assume
that any leachate produced will be contaminated to such an extent that entry
into either ground or surface waters is undesirable. Considered in the light
of the potential water quality impact of leachate contamination, this approach
appears reasonable.
The quantity of leachate produced is affected to some extent by decompo-
sition reactions, but is largely governed by the amount of external water
entering the landfill. Thus, a key first step in controlling leachate con-
tamination is to limit production by preventing, to the extent feasible, the
entry of external water into the waste layers. A second, though equally
important, step is to collect any leachate that is produced for subsequent
treatment and disposal. Techniques are currently available to limit the
amount of leachate that migrates into adjoining areas to a virtually immeasur-
able volume so long as the integrity of the landfill structure and leachate
control system is maintained.
DESIGN FOR LEACHATE CONTROL
A schematic profile view of a typical hazardous waste landfill is shown
in Figure 1. The bottom layer of soil may be hauled in, placed, and compacted
to specifications following excavation to a suitable subgrade, or may be natu-
rally existing material. In either case, the base of the landfill should act
as a barrier layer having some minimum thickness and a very low hydraulic con-
ductivity (or permeability). Chemical treatment may be used either with or
without compaction to reduce permeability to an acceptable level. As an added
factor of safety, an impermeable synthetic membrane may be carefully bedded in
granular material and placed at the top of the barrier soil layer. The com-
bination of low permeability barrier soil and optional membrane is often
referred to as the landfill liner.
Immediately above the liner is a drainage layer consisting of sand with
suitably spaced perforated or open joint drain pipe embedded at the base. The
drainage Layer is typically at least one foot thick and serves to collect any
leachate that may percolate through the waste layers. The top of the liner is
sloped in such a way as to prevent ponding by encouraging leachate to flow
toward the drains. The net effect is such that very little leachate should
percolate through the liner system to the natural formations below. Taken as
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VEGETATION-
iPilinli'ii
TOP SOIL
= 3 to5%
SAND
LOW PERMEABILITY SOIL
\
SLOPE = 3 to 5%
WASTE
SAND
DRAIN
LOW PERMEABILITY SOIL
ASLOPE = 3 to 5%
Figure
1. Typical hazardous waste landfill profile (not to scale).
5
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a whole the drainage layer, optional membrane, and barrier soil may be
referred to as the drainage/liner system.
After the landfill is closed, the drainage/liner system serves basically
in a back-up capacity. However, while the landfill is open and waste is being
added, these components are the principal defense against contamination of
adjacent areas. Thus, care must be given to their design and construction.
Day-to-day operation of a modern sanitary landfill calls for wastes to be
placed in relatively thin lifts, compacted, and covered with compacted soil
each day. Thus, wastes should not be left exposed more than a few hours.
While the daily soil cover serves effectively to hide the wastes and limit the
access of nuisance insects and potential disease vectors, it is of limited
value for preventing the formation of leachate. Thus, even though a similar
procedure may be utilized for hazardous wastes, it is imperative that the
drainage/liner system function well throughout the active life of the landfill
and beyond.
When the capacity of the landfill is reached, the waste cells may be
covered with a cap, or final cover, typically composed of three distinct lay-
ers as shown in Figure 1. At the base of the cap, or cover, is a drainage
layer and barrier soil layer similar to that used at the base of the landfill.
Again, an impermeable synthetic membrane may be used if needed. The top of
the barrier soil layer is graded so that water percolating into the drainage
layer will tend to move horizontally toward some removal system located at the
edge of the landfill or subunit thereof.
A layer of soil suitable for the support of vegetative growth is placed
on top of the upper drainage layer to complete the landfill. A two-foot thick
layer of soil having a high loam content serves this purpose nicely. The
upper surface is graded so that runon is minimized and as much precipitation
as possible is converted to runoff, without causing excessive erosion of the
cap. The vegetation used should be selected to grow readily, provide a good
cover even during the winter when it is dormant, and have a root system that
will not penetrate into the upper barrier layer. Grasses are usually best for
this purpose.
The combination of site selection, surface grading, transpiration from
vegetation, soil evaporation, drainage through the sand, and the low hydraulic
conductivity of the barrier soil serves effectively to minimize leachate pro-
duction from external water. Added effectiveness is gained by the use of
impermeable synthetic membranes in the cap and liner. However, it is impor-
tant that the cap be no more permeable than the liner; otherwise, the landfill
could gradually fill with liquid and ultimately overflow into adjacent areas.
This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as the "bathtub" effect.
The HELP model is designed to perform water budget calculations for land-
fills having as many as nine layers by modeling each of the hydrologic pro-
cesses that occur. Thus, it is possible to design a landfill to achieve
specific goals, or evaluate the performance of a given landfill design, with
the aid of the model. A description of the program is presented in the fol-
lowing section.
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SECTION 3
PROGRAM DEFINITIONS, OPTIONS AND RESTRICTIONS
INTRODUCTION
The Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) program was
developed to assist landfill designers and regulators by providing a tool to
allow rapid, economical screening of alternative designs. Specifically, the
program may be used to estimate the magnitudes of various components of the
water budget, including the volume of leachate produced and the thickness of
water saturated soil (head) above barrier layers. The results may be used to
compare the leachate production potential of alternative designs, select and
size appropriate drainage and collection systems, and size leachate treatment
facilities.
The model uses climatologic, soil, and design data to produce daily esti-
mates of water movement across, into, through, and out of landfills. To
accomplish this, daily precipitation is partitioned into surface storage
(snow), runoff, infiltration, surface evaporation, evapotranspiration, perco-
lation, stored soil moisture, and subsurface lateral drainage to maintain a
water budget. Surface runon and subsurface lateral inflow are not considered,
In this chapter emphasis is placed on data requirements, nomenclature,
important assumptions, program limitations, and other fundamental information
needed by all users to facilitate running the program. Readers desiring
detailed explanations of the solution techniques employed are directed to the
program documentation (5).
HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES
As noted above, the HELP program models a number of hydrologic processes.
Runoff is computed using the Soil Conservation Service Runoff Curve Number
method. When the program is run for a closed landfill using the default soil
data option, a default runoff curve number is selected automatically. How-
ever, the program gives the user an opportunity to override the default value.
When soil data are entered manually, and when an open landfill is being mod-
eled, the user must estimate an appropriate runoff curve number. A complete
discussion of the curve number technique is available from the Soil Conserva-
tion Service (4).
Factors such as surface slope and roughness are not considered directly
in estimating runoff, and hence infiltration. However, they may be taken into
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account in the manual selection of a curve number. This approach to runoff
estimation is made possible by considering only daily precipitation totals,
and not the intensity, duration and distribution of individual rainfall events
(storms).
Percolation and vertical water routing are modeled using Darcy's Law for
saturated flow with modifications for unsaturated conditions. Lateral drain-
age is computed analytically from a linearized Boussinesq equation corrected
to agree with numerical solutions of the nonlinearized form for the range of
design specifications used in hazardous waste landfil. Is. Evapotranspiration
is estimated by a modified Penman method adjusted for limiting soil moisture
conditions. Detailed solution methods for all hydroLogic processes are pre-
sented in the program documentation (5).
DATA REQUIREMENTS
The HELP program requires climatologic, soil, and design data. However,
sufficient default cLimatologic and soil data are internally available to sat-
isfy the needs of many users. Although the model contains default climato-
Logic and soil data, these data should not be used unless they have been
examined and verified to be representative of the site under study. In all
cases, the user should attempt to acquire data specific to the site and use
these available data before supplementing with default data. The basic data
requirements and input options are briefly discussed below. Step-by-step
instructions for entering data into the program are given in Section 4, and
complete input/output Listings for three examples are presented in Section 6.
Climatologic Data
Climato Logic data, including daily precipitation in inches, mean monthly
temperatures in °F, mean monthly insolation (solar radiation) in langleys,
leaf area indices, and winter cover factors, may be entered manually or
selected from built-in default data files. Default climatologic data are
available for only 102 cities; therefore, none of these cities may be repre-
sentative of the study site. The precipitation data base is also limited to
only five years of daily records which may not be representative since the
period of record could have been unusually wet or dry. It is also highly rec-
ommended to run the simulation for more than five years to examine the design
under the range of possible climatologic conditions.
Default Data Option—
Default climatologic data consisting of five years (usually 1974-78) of
observed daily precipitation and one set of values for mean monthly tempera-
ture, mean monthly insolation, and Leaf area index for each of the cities
listed in Table 1 are built into the program. These data may be accessed and
used simply by giving the appropriate responses to straightforward program
queries as described in Section 4.
It is important to understand that, while the program requires daily pre-
cipitation, temperature, and insolation data, it interpolates for average
daily temperature and insolation from mean monthly data. Therefore, even
8
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TABLE 1. LISTING OF DEFAULT CITIES AND STATES
Alaska
Annette
Bethel
Fairbanks
Arizona
Flagstaff
Phoenix
Tucson
Arkansas
Little Rock
California
Fresno
Los Angeles
Sacramento
San Diego
Santa Maria
Colorado
Denver
Grand Junction
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Hartford
New Haven
Florida
Jacksonville
Miami
Orlando
Tallahassee
Tampa
W. Palm Beach
Georgia
Atlanta
Watkinsville
Hawaii
Honolulu
Idaho
Boise
Pocatello
Illinois
Chicago
E. St. Louis
Indiana
Indianapolis
Iowa
Des Moines
Kansas
Dodge City
Topeka
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisiana
Lake Charles
New Orleans
Shr eve port
Maine
Augusta
Bangor
Caribou
Portland
Massachusetts
Boston
PlainfieLd
Worcester
Michigan
E. Lansing
Sault Ste. Marie
Minnesota
St. Cloud
Missouri
Columbia
Mo n t~ f\ T\ .3
ills 11 Let lid
Glasgow
Great Falls
Nebraska
Nevada
Ely
Las Vegas
New Hampshire
Concord
Nashua
New Jersey
FH i «nn
JLjLL .i. O*J LI
Seabrook
New Mexico
Albuquerque
New York
Central Park
Ithaca
New York City
Schenectady
Syracuse
North Carolina
Greensboro
North Dakota
Bismarck
Ohio
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Put-in-Bay
Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
Oregon
Astoria
Medford
Port! and
Pennsyl vania
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Rhode Island
Providence
South Carolina
Charleston
South Dakota
Rapid City
Tennessee
Knoxvil le
Nashvil le
XGXcl S
Brownsvil 1 e
Dal las
El Paso
Midland
San Antonio
Utah
Cedar City
Salt Lake City
Vermont
Burl ing ton
Montpel ier
Rutland
Virginia
Lynch burg
Norfolk
Washington
Pull man
Seattle
Yakima
Wisconsin
Madison
Wyoming
Cheyenne
Lander
Puerto Rico
San Juan
Grand Island
North Omaha
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though the default data set contains actual historical observations of pre-
cipitation, no attempt is made to model the exact weather conditions existing
on any given day.
The default climatologic data base includes values for two variables
that relate to the effects of vegetation on evapotranspiration; leaf area
index (LAI) and winter cover factor. LAI is defined as the dimensionless
ratio of the leaf area of actively transpiring vegetation to the nominal sur-
face area of land on which the vegetation is growing. The HELP program
assumes that LAI may vary from a minimum value of 0 to a maximum value of 3.
The former is representative of no actively growing vegetation (i.e., bare
ground or dormant vegetation) and the latter represents the most dense stand
of actively growing vegetation considered. Default LAI data sets consist of
thirteen Julian dates (spaced throughout the entire year) and corresponding
maximum LAI values for a good row crop and an excellent stand of grass. A
different set of LAI data is provided for each of the 102 cities listed in
Table 1. The program adjusts these maximum values downward if necessary,
depending upon the vegetative cover specified, and interpolates for daily val-
ues in order to model evapotranspiration during the growing season. For the
remainder of the year, transpiration is assumed not to occur. However, even
dormant vegetation can serve to insulate the soil and, thus, affect evapora-
tion. Winter cover factors, which vary from 0 for row crops to 1.8 for an
excellent stand of grass, are used to account for this effect.
Manual Data Option—
When the manual climatologic data input option is utilized, the user must
provide daily precipitation data for each year of interest. The maximum
allowable period of record is 20 years and the minimum is 2 years. A separate
set of temperature, insolation, LAI, and winter cover factor data may be
entered for each year, or a single set of data may be used for all years. The
information needed to enter climatologic data using the manual input option is
presented in Section 4.
For most locations, observed precipitation and temperature data are
readily available. Possible sources include local weather stations, librar-
ies, universities, agricultural and climatologic research facilities, and the
National Climatic Center, NOAA, Federal Building, Ashville, North Carolina
28801. Insolation data may be more difficult to obtain; however, average val-
ues are commonly reported in architectural publications, solar heating hand-
books, and general reference works. A general discussion pertaining to LAI
values for different types of vegetation is presented in the program documen-
tation (5).
Vegetative Cover Data
If the default climatologic or soil data options are used, the user must
specify one of seven types of vegetative cover. Acceptable default types of
vegetation are bare ground (i.e., no vegetation); excellent, good, fair and
poor stands of grass; and good and fair stands of row crops. The default LAI
data sets for a good row crop and an excellent stand of grass are modified for
lesser stands of vegetation when these types are specified by the user. The
values for a good row crop are multiplied by 0.5 for a fair row crop and the
10
-------
values for an excellent stand of grass are multiplied by 0.17, 0.33, and 0.67
for poor, fair and good stands of grass, respectively. Similarly, the hydrau-
lic conductivity of the top soil layer is corrected for the effects of roots
when the user specifies one of the 21 default soil types for the top layer.
The hydraulic conductivity of soil without vegetation is multiplied by 5.0,
4.2, 3.0, 1.8, 1.9 and 1.5 for excellent, good, fair and poor stands of grass,
and good and fair row crops, respectively.
The user must also specify an evaporative zone depth as one of the clima-
tologic variables. The evaporative zone depth may be thought of simply as the
maximum depth from which water may be removed from the landfill by evapotran-
spiration. Thus, where vegetation is present, the evaporative depth should at
least equal the expected average depth of root penetration. In actual fact,
the influence of plant roots generally extends well beyond the depth of root
penetration because of capillary suction created as water is extracted from
the soil. However, limiting the evaporative depth to the expected average
depth of root penetration may be justified as a conservative approach to land-
fill evaluation since this results in reduced estimates of evapotranspiration
and increased estimates of lateral drainage and percolation. Evaporation
will, of course, occur even if no vegetation is present. Thus, it is reason-
able that some evaporative depth be specified even for the bare ground (no
vegetation) condition. Suggested conservative values of evaporative depth
range from 4 inches for bare ground, to 10 inches for a fair stand of grass,
to 18 inches for an excellent stand of grass. The program does not permit the
evaporative depth to be greater than the depth to the top of the topmost bar-
rier soil layer.
Design and Soil Data
The user must specify data describing the various materials contained in
the landfill (e.g., top soil, clay, sand, waste) and the physical layout
(design) of the landfill (e.g., size, thickness of various layers, slopes,
etc.). Either the default or manual input options may be utilized for soil
data; however, design data must be entered manually.
Landfill Profile—
The HELP program may be used to model landfills composed of up to nine
distinct layers. However, there are some limitations on the order in which
the layers may be arranged which must be observed if meaningful results are to
be obtained. Also, each layer must be identified as either a vertical perco-
lation, lateral drainage, waste, or barrier soil layer. This identification
is very important because the program models water flow through the various
types of layers in different ways. However, in all cases, the program assumes
that each layer is homogeneous with respect to hydraulic conductivity, trans-
missivity, wilting point, porosity, and field capacity. A typical closed
landfill profile is shown on Figure 2. The circled numbers indicate the layer
identification system used by the program.
Vertical percolation layers (e.g., layer 1 on Figure 2) are assumed to
have great enough hydraulic conductivity that vertical flow in the downward
direction (i.e., percolation) is not significantly restricted. Lateral drain-
age is not permitted, but water can move upward and be lost to evapotranspira-
tion if the layer is within the specified evaporative zone. Percolation is
11
-------
PRECIPITATION EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
r- VEGETATION j RUNOFF
IfltaWiiilllltlMi'M
1
u.
u
Q
Q
g
u
Q
u
i
\ INFILTRATION ! '
j 0 VEGETATIVE LAYER
1 C
u
> I
1 ® LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER LATERAL DRAINAGE __ <
1 (FROM louver*)
: L- SLOPE £
J '
: (3) BARRIER SOIL LAYER <
3 PERCOLATION
(FROM BASE OF COVER)
1
c
j
>
D
J
L.
O
1_
<
J
i
i
T
WASTE LAYER
o
tr
a.
00
o
to
tr
UJ
Q
^
LATERAL DRAINAGE
LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER ((_ROM BAS£ QF LANDFILL)
DRAIN
-SLOPE
BARRIER SOIL LAYER MAXIMU(JT DRAINAGE DISTANCE
(T
UJ
I
PERCOLATION (FROM BASE OF LANDFILL)
Figure 2. Typical landfill profile.
12
-------
modeled as being independent of the depth of water saturated soil (i.e., the
head) above the layer. Layers designed to support vegetation should generally
be designated as vertical percolation layers.
Lateral drainage layers are assumed to have hydraulic conductivity high
enough that little resistance to flow is offered. Therefore, the hydraulic
conductivity of a drainage layer should be equal to or greater than that of
the overlying layer. Vertical flow is modeled in the same manner as for a
vertical percolation layer; however, lateral outflow is allowed. This lateral
drainage is considered to be a function of the slope of the bottom of the
layer, the maximum horizontal distance that water must traverse to drain from
the layer, and the depth of water saturated soil above the top of the under-
lying barrier soil layer. (Note: a lateral drainage layer may be underlain
by only another lateral drainage layer or a barrier soil layer.) The lateral
drainage submodel has been calibrated for drainage slopes between 0 and
10 percent and for maximum drainage distances between 25 and 200 feet. Lay-
ers 2 and 5 on Figure 2 are lateral drainage layers.
Barrier soil layers restrict vertical flow. Thus, such layers should
have hydraulic conductivity substantially lower than for vertical percolation,
lateral drainage, or waste layers. The program only allows downward flow in
barrier soil layers. Thus, any water moving into a barrier layer will eventu-
ally percolate through it. Percolation is modeled as a function of the depth
of water saturated soil (head) above the base of the layer. The program rec-
ognizes two types of barrier layers; those composed of soil alone, and those
composed of soil overlain by an impermeable synthetic membrane. In the latter
case, the user must specify some membrane leakage fraction. This factor may
be thought of simply as the fraction (range 0 to 1) of the maximum daily
potential percolation (i.e., the percolation that would occur, in response to
some given head, in the absence of the membrane) through the layer that is
expected to actually occur on a day when the membrane is in place, assuming
the barrier layer is subjected to the same head. The net effect of specifying
the presence of a membrane is to reduce the effective hydraulic conductivity
of the layer. The factor may also be considered as the fraction of the area
that drains into the barrier soil layer through leaks in the membrane liner.
The program does not model aging of the membrane. Layers 3 and 6 shown on
Figure 2 are barrier layers.
Water movement through a waste layer is modeled in the same manner as for
a vertical percolation layer. However, identifying a layer as a waste layer
indicates to the program which layers should be considered part of the land-
fill cap or cover (see Figures 1 and 2), and which layers should be considered
as part of the liner/drainage system. Layer 4 shown on Figure 2 is a waste
layer.
If the topmost layer of a landfill profile is identified as a waste
layer, the program assumes that the landfill is open. In this case the user
must specify a runoff curve number (discussed above) and the fraction (a
factor that may vary from 0 to 1) of the potential surface runoff that is
actually collected and removed from the landfill surface.
13
-------
The HELP program can model up to nine layers in the landfill profile. As
many as three layers may be identified as barrier soil layers. While the pro-
gram is quite flexible, there are some basic rules that must be followed rela-
tive to the order in which the layers are arranged in the profile. First, a
vertical percolation layer or a waste layer may not be placed directly below a
lateral drainage layer. Second, a barrier soil layer may not be placed
directly below another barrier soil layer. Third, when a barrier soil is not
placed directly below the lowest drainage layer all drainage layers in the
lowest subprofile are treated as vertical percolation layers. Thus, no lateral
drainage is allowed in this subprofile. Fourth, the top layer may not be a
barrier soil layer.
Important nomenclature used by the program is indicated on Figure 2. For
computational purposes the soil profile is partitioned into subprofiles which
are defined in relation to the location of the barrier soil layers. For exam-
ple, the upper subprofile shown on Figure 2 extends from the surface to the
bottom of the upper barrier soil layer (layer 3), while the lower subprofile
extends from the top of the waste layer to the base of the lower barrier soil
layer. If an intermediate barrier soil layer had been specified, a third
(intermediate) subprofile would have been defined. Since there can be no more
than three barrier soil layers there can be no more than three subprofiles.
The program models the flow of water through one subprofile at a time with the
percolation from one subprofile serving as the inflow to the underlying sub-
profile, and so on through the complete profile.
Soil Data—
The type of soil present in each layer must be specified by the user.
This can be accomplished using either the default or manual data input
options. Characteristics for 21 default soil types are presented in Table 2.
The first three columns represent soil texture designations used by the HELP
program, and two standard classification systems—the U.S. Department of
Agriculture system and the Unified Soil Classification System. The numerical
entries represent typical values corresponding to the various soil types and
are used by the HELP program, as needed, for computational purposes. These
values were obtained mainly from agricultural soils which may be less dense
and more aerated than typical soils placed in landfills (6, 7, 8). Clays and
silts in landfills would generally be compacted except for a well managed
vegetative layer which may be tilled to promote vegetative growth. Untilled
vegetative layers would generally be more compacted than the loams listed in
Table 2. Soil texture type 19 is representative of typical municipal solid
waste that has been compacted. Soil texture types 20 and 21 denote very well
compacted clay soils that might be used for barrier layers. Default soil data
may be accessed and used simply by entering the appropriate soil texture num-
ber in response to a straightforward command from the program.
The user may also enter soil characteristics manually. In this instance,
the program will require that numerical values be entered for porosity, field
capacity, wilting point, hydraulic conductivity (i.e., saturated hydraulic
conductivity) in inches per hour, and evaporation coefficient in millimeters
per square root of day. (Note: porosity, field capacity, and wilting point
are all dimensionless.) In some cases these data may not be actually used by
the program. Specifically, the porosity, wilting point, and evaporation
14
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TABLE 2. DEFAULT SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
Soil
HELPa
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Texture Class
USDAb USCSC
CoS
CoSL
S
FS
LS
LFS
LVFS
SL
FSL
VFSL
L
SIL
SCL
CL
SICL
SC
SIC
C
GS
GP
SW
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
MH
ML
ML
SC
CL
CL
CH
CH
CH
Waste
Barrier
Barrier
Soil
Soil
MIRd
In/hr
0.500
0.450
0.400
0.390
0.380
0.340
0.320
0.300
0.250
0.250
0.200
0.170
0.110
0.090
0.070
0.060
0.020
0.010
0.230
0.002
0.001
Porosity
Vol/Vol
0.351
0.376
0.389
0.371
0.430
0.401
0.421
0.442
0.458
0.511
0.521
0.535
0.453
0.582
0.588
0.572
0.592
0.680
0.520
0.520
0.520
Field
Capacity
Vol/Vol
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
174
218
199
172
16
129
176
256
223
301
377
421
319
452
504
456
501
607
320
450
480
Wilting
Point
Vol/Vol
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
107
131
066
050
060
075
090
133
092
184
221
222
200
325
355
378
378
492
190
360
400
Hydr au.l ic r-nu6
Conductivity
in/hr mm/ day *
11.
7.
6.
5.
2.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
95
090
620
400
780
000
910
670
550
330
210
110
084
065
041
065
033
022
283
000142
0000142
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.3
3.4
3.8
4.5
5.0
4.5
5.0
4.7
3.9
4.2
3.6
3.8
3.5
3.3
3.1
3.1
Soil classification system used in the HELP model (see discussion in text).
Soil classification system used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
:The Unified Soil Classification System.
MIR = Minimum Infiltration Rate.
"CON = Evaporation Coefficient (Transmissivity).
15
-------
coefficient are not used for barrier soils, and the wilting point and evapora-
tion coefficient are not used for any layer below the effective evaporative
zone. Brief definitions for some terms used to describe soil moisture con-
tent, and the movement of water through soil, are presented below.
Porosity—the ratio of the volume of voids to the total volume occupied
by a soil.
Field capacity—the ratio of the volume of water that a soil retains
after gravity drainage ceases to the total volume occupied by a soil.
Wilting point—the ratio of the volume of water that a soil retains after
plants can no longer extract water (thus, the plants remain wilted) to the
total volume occupied by a soil.
Available (or plant available) water capacity—the difference between the
soil water content at field capacity and at the wilting point.
Hydraulic conductivity—the rate at which water moves through soil in
response to gravitational forces.
Evaporation coefficient—(also called transmissivity) an indicator of the
relative ease by which water is transmitted through soil in response to capil-
lary suction.
Users opting for manual soil data input should recognize that certain
logical relationships must exist among the soil characteristics of a given
layer. The porosity, field capacity, and wilting point are all represented by
dimensionless values varying between 0 and 1, but the porosity must be greater
than the field capacity which must, in turn, be greater than the wilting
point. The minimum permissible evaporation coefficient is 3.0 mm per square
root of day.
The program is designed to accept a combination of default and manual
soil data if such is desired. This is especially convenient for specifying
characteristics of waste layers. To use this option the user simply specifies
soil types 22 or 23. The program responds to these soil texture types by ask-
ing for the soil characteristics discussed above.
Soil Compaction—
Barrier soil layers and waste layers may be compacted to restrict the
vertical flow of water. When using the default soil data option, the user may
specify that any layer is to be considered compacted. For a layer so identi-
fied, the hydraulic conductivity is reduced by a factor of 20, and the drain-
able water (i.e., porosity minus field capacity) and plant available water
(i.e., field capacity minus wilting point) are each reduced by 25 percent.
When using the manual soil data option, the user simply enters soil data rep-
resentative of compacted soil. Layers that support vegetation are not gen-
erally compacted.
16
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Design Data—
The distinction between soil and design data is not always a clear cut
one. However, in this section the term design data refers to those items dis-
cussed immediately below.
The user must enter the total surface area of the landfill to be modeled
in square feet, and the thickness of each layer in inches. For drainage lay-
ers the slope of the bottom of the layer (in percent) and the maximum horizon-
tal drainage distance (in feet) must also be supplied. The lateral drainage
submodel has been calibrated for slopes between 0 and 10 percent and for maxi-
mum drainage distances between 25 to 200 feet. When drain tiles are to be
used, the appropriate distance is one half the maximum spacing. When drains
are not used, the appropriate distance is the maximum horizontal distance that
water must travel to reach a free discharge. Depending upon the soil profile
chosen and the input option selected, other data such as runoff curve number,
membrane leakage fraction, and potential runoff fraction may be requested by
the program. Each of these are discussed in the appropriate paragraphs above.
Some general guidance for selection of runoff curve numbers is provided in
Figure 3 (4, 9). Typical values for minimum infiltration rates are provided
in Table 2.
100
80
8 so
UJ
to
UJ
1C
R 40
20
•BAREGROUND
• ROW CROP (FAIR)
GRASS (POOR)
0.1
0.2 0.3
MIR, IN./HR
0.4
0.5
Figure 3. Relationship between SCS curve number and minimum infil-
tration rate (MIR) for various vegetative covers
17
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SECTION 4
PROGRAM INPUT
INTRODUCTION
Once the program is started, it automatically solicits input from the
user. This chapter describes the input commands given by the program, the
questions the program asks, possible responses the user can provide, and the
implications of these responses. For convenience, both input commands and
questions are referred to as "questions" in this chapter. Obviously, the com-
mands are really statements and not questions. For reference, each question
has been assigned an identification number which will enable the user to find
a description of the question in this chapter. A brief description of how to
obtain and run the program on the National Computer Center IBM Computer System
is given in Appendix A.
The ten types of data which the user can enter are listed below:
1. Overall Program Control (MAIN),
2. Default Climatologic Data (DCDATA),
3. Manual Rainfall Data (MCDATA),
4. Default Soil Data (DSDATA),
5. Manual Soil Data (MSDATA),
6. Site Description (SITE),
7. Characteristics of Open Sites (OPEN),
8. Manual Climatologic Data other than Rainfall (MTRLYR),
9. Edit of Rainfall Data (PRECHK),
10. Edit of Soil Data (SDCHK),
11. Simulation Output Control (SIMULA),
The names in parentheses are the subroutines in which the data are entered.
The relationship between subroutines is shown schematically in Figure 4. MAIN
is the main program.
18
-------
1. MAIN
2. DCDATA
4. DSDATA
3. MCDATA
5. MSDATA
11. SIMULA
7. OPEN
6. SITE
8. MTRLYR
9. PRECHK
7. OPEN
6. SITE
10. SDCHK
Figure 4. Relationship among types of input,
19
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RULES
There are a few fundamental rules that a user must keep in mind when
using the program. They are summarized below.
When the program requests a word response (e.g. YES or NO), the response
must be left justified and the first four characters must be spelled cor-
rectly. For example _YES and NO_SIR are not acceptable. When entering numer-
ical data, there must be no stray signs or decimals. If fewer values are
entered on a line than are called for, the program assigns zeros to the
remaining locations. For example, if 10 daily rainfall values are required on
a line and the values are
0. 0.9 0. 0.4 0. 0. 0.25 0. 0. 0.
the user can enter
0 .9 0 .4 0 0 .25
But if the user entered
0. .. .9 - 0 .4 0. 0. .25
the program would store
0. 0. 0. .9 -0. 0. 0.4 0. 0. 0.25
The user should always enter at least one character on any line. Otherwise,
since most computers regard a blank line as an end-of-file, the run may be
prematurely terminated. For example, if the user is entering rainfall data
for a 10 day period with no rain, it is permissible to enter
0
but not to leave the entire line blank.
Trailing decimal points are not required on input as the program automatically
knows whether to treat a value as an integer or floating point variable. For
example, if a user wishes to enter the number nine, either 9, 9. or 9.00 are
acceptable. The program decides whether to store the values as 9 or 9.000000.
If the program is expecting one of several responses to a question (e.g.
1, 2, 3, or 4) and the user does not enter such a response, the program warns
the user and provides another opportunity to respond correctly. In most cases
the entire question is not repeated.
The user is discouraged from terminating a run during input as some of
the data may be lost. If necessary, though, the user can terminate input by
hitting the "ESCAPE" or "INTERRUPT" key, depending on the type of terminal
being used.
20
-------
Each question (and input command) has been assigned an identifying code
composed of two arabic numerals separated by a decimal point. The first num-
ber always refers to the appropriate subroutine, while the second indicates
the order of the questions (and input commands) within the subroutine. These
identifying codes assist the user in locating the portion of this chapter that
may be of interest in interpreting the questions (and input commands).
OVERALL PROGRAM CONTROL (1. MAIN)
When the program starts, it first prints a heading introducing the HELP
Model and then asks the following:
1.1 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER OR CHECK DATA OR TO OBTAIN OUTPUT?
ENTER 1 FOR CLIMATOLOGIC INPUT,
2 FOR SOIL OR DESIGN DATA INPUT,
3 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN DETAILED OUTPUT,
4 TO STOP THE PROGRAM, AND
5 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN ONLY SUMMARY OUTPUT.
If the user enters 1, the program will expect the user to enter either the
default or manual climatologic data, depending upon the answer to ques-
tion 1.2. If the user enters 2, the program will expect the user to enter
either default or manual soil data, depending upon the answer to question 1.3.
If the user enters 3, the simulation will begin and detailed output including
a summary will be produced, while if the user enters 4, the run will be
halted. If the user enters 5, the simulation will begin and only a summary of
the simulation results will be produced. If the user enters a value other
than 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, the question is repeated. The program returns to this
question each time it completes a portion of the program. For example, after
entering climatologic data, the user must instruct the program whether soil
data will be entered, the simulation should begin, or the run should end.
If the user answered 1 to question 1.1, the program asks the user what
type of climatologic data is to be used in the run.
1.2 DO YOU WANT TO USE DEFAULT CLIMATOLOGIC DATA?
ENTER YES OR NO.
The user answers YES if it is desired to build a new file of climatologic data
from the default data tapes, and NO if it is desired to enter climatologic
data manually. If it is desired to modify climatologic data that were previ-
ously entered, a NO answer should be given. A YES answer transfers control to
subroutine 2. DCDATA (question 2.1) while a NO answer transfers control to
subroutine 3. MCDATA (question 3.1).
If the user answers 2 to question 1.1, the program asks the following
question:
1.3 DO YOU WANT TO USE DEFAULT SOIL DATA?
ENTER YES OR NO.
21
-------
The user should enter YES if it is desired to build a new data file of soil
data from the default soil texture data, and NO if it is desired to enter soil
data manually during the run or edit previously entered soil or design data.
If the user answers 3 or 5 to question 1.1, the programs transfers con-
trolls to subroutine 11. SIMULA (question 11.1).
If the user answers 4 to question 1.1, the run is halted and the follow-
ing message is printed:
1.4 ENTER RUNHELP TO RERUN PROGRAM OR
ENTER LOGOFF TO LOGOFF COMPUTER SYSTEM.
DEFAULT CLIMATOLOGIC DATA (2. DCDATA)
If the user specified that default climatologic data would be used (a YES
response to question 1.2), the program first asks if the user wants a list of
cities for which default climatologic data are stored.
2.1 DO YOU WANT A LIST OF DEFAULT CITIES?
ENTER YES OR NO.
A YES response will result in the program printing a list (Table 1) of the
102 cities for which 5-year climatologic data sets are stored. Regardless of
the answer to 2.1, the following question is printed:
2.2 ENTER NAME OF STATE OF INTEREST
The user need only enter the first four characters of the state name. Some
states have no cities for which climatologic data are stored. For these, the
program responds
2.3 THERE ARE NO DEFAULT VALUES FOR
and control is returned to question 2.1. In that case, the user must enter
climatologic data manually or use the default data for a nearby city from a
neighboring state.
Once the state name is entered, the user must enter the name of the city
for which climatologic data are to be used in response to
2.4 ENTER NAME OF CITY OF INTEREST
The user can only select names from the 102 cities .given in response to ques-
tion 2.1. This table is reproduced in Section 3 as Table 1.
If the name of the city is not found in the default climatologic data
base, the program responds with statement 2.3 and asks question 2.1. If the
user wants a listing of the cities, the program produces a listing of the
cities and returns to question 2.2; else, the program returns to question 2.4.
22
-------
If the name of the city is in the list of cities but does not correspond
with the user specified state, the program responds
2.5 PITTSBURGH LOUISIANA CANNOT BE FOUND ON DEFAULT
CLIMATOLOGIC DATA FILE.
and the program returns to question 2.1.
Once the program has read the default climatologic data from storage, it
requests the user to specify the type of vegetative cover if the vegetative
type had not been previously specified during this run when entering default
soil data. If previously specified, control is passed to question 2.9; else,
the program asks
2.6 SELECT THE TYPE OF VEGETATIVE COVER
ENTER NUMBER 1 FOR BARE GROUND
2 FOR EXCELLENT GRASS
3 FOR GOOD GRASS
4 FOR FAIR GRASS
5 FOR POOR GRASS
6 FOR GOOD ROW CROPS
7 FOR FAIR ROW CROPS
These values set default values for leaf area indices and winter cover factors
which are used in evapotranspiration calculations. If the user enters a value
other than a number between 1 and 7, the program responds
2.7 9 INAPPROPRIATE VALUE TRY AGAIN
and provides another opportunity to enter an appropriate response.
When default soil data are utilized, the vegetation type is also used in
selecting the SCS runoff curve number for the site and to correct the hydrau-
lic conductivity of the vegetative layer. If the value given in the default
soil data input does not agree with the value specified in question 2.6, erro-
neous results may be obtained. Therefore, the program warns
2.8 IF YOU ARE USING DEFAULT SOIL DATA AND THIS VEGETATION
TYPE IS NOT THE SAME AS USED IN THE DEFAULT SOIL DATA INPUT,
YOU SHOULD ENTER THE SOIL DATA AGAIN OR CORRECT THE SCS
RUNOFF CURVE NUMBER.
The program then asks for the thickness of the evaporative zone as
follows:
2.9 ENTER THE EVAPORATIVE ZONE DEPTH IN INCHES.
CONSERVATIVE VALUES ARE:
4 IN. FOR BAREGROUND
10 IN. FOR FAIR GRASS
18 IN. FOR EXCELLENT GRASS
23
-------
and the user must respond with an appropriate value.
MANUAL RAINFALL DATA (3. MCDATA)
If the user specified, in response to question 1.2, that default climato-
logic data would not be used, the program asks the user whether it is desired
to build a climatologic data file from scratch or correct previously entered
data. The question posed is
3.1 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER PRECIPITATION DATA?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user wishes to enter a completely new set of precipitation data
or to add or replace years of precipitation data in the existing precipita-
tion data file, the user should enter YES to question 3.1; otherwise, the
user should enter NO. A NO answer passes control to subroutine 9. PRECHK
(question 9.1) where the user is provided an opportunity to correct lines of
the precipitation data. A YES answer prompts the program to produce instruc-
tions for entering precipitation data and ask question 3.2.
3.2 DO YOU WANT TO CORRECT OR ADD TO EXISTING PRECIPITATION DATA?
ENTER YES OR NO.
The user should enter YES to question 3.2 if the user wishes to add,
replace, check or correct years of precipitation data in the existing precipi-
tation data file. A YES answer passes control to question 3.8. An answer of
NO indicates that the user wishes a completely new set of precipitation data
and prompts the program to respond
3.3 YOU ARE ENTERING A COMPLETE NEW SET OF PRECIPITATION DATA.
and to instruct the user to
3.4 ENTER THE YEAR OF PRECIPITATION DATA TO BE ENTERED.
ENTER 0 (ZERO) TO END RAINFALL INPUT.
If the user enters 0 in response to instruction 3.4, precipitation input
is stopped and control is passed to subroutine 9. PRECHK (question 9.1). If
the user enters a year for which precipitation data have been previously
entered, the program responds
3.5 ALREADY EXISTS IN THE DATA.
DO YOU WANT TO REPLACE THE EXISTING DATA?
ENTER YES OR NO.
Otherwise, the program transfers control to question 3.6 where the user is
requested to enter the precipitation data.
If the user answers NO to question 3.5, control is returned to ques-
tion 3.4 and a new year must be specified. If the user answers YES, the
24
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program will replace the data for the specified year and requests the user to
enter the precipitation data as follows:
3.6 ENTER TEN DAILY PRECIPITATION VALUES PER LINE
AND 37 LINES PER YEAR FOR .
3.7 ENTER LINE _J_.
The user should enter 10 values for daily rainfall in inches in accordance
with the guidance presented previously in the part of this section titled
"RULES". After each line is entered, the program repeats instruction 3.7
until all 37 lines of data are entered for the year. The program then returns
control to question 3.4 until 20 years of data have been entered if the user
is entering a completely new data file or to question 3.8 if the user is work-
ing on an existing data file.
If the user wanted to enter precipitation data in order to add more years
of data to the existing data or to correct the existing data (i.e., the user
answered YES to question 3.2), the program asks
3.8 DO YOU WANT TO ADD OR REPLACE ADDITIONAL YEARS OF
PRECIPITATION VALUES IN THE EXISTING DATA?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user answers NO to question 3.8, control is passed to subroutine
9. PRECHK (question 9.1) where the user has the opportunity to correct lines
of data in the existing precipitation data file. If the user answers YES, the
program lists the years for which precipitation data have been stored. If the
user had previously entered data for 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977 and 1978, the pro-
gram would respond
3.9 DATA EXIST FOR .5 YEARS: 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
If less than 20 years of precipitation data are stored, the program passes
control to question 3.4 to allow the user to enter the year of the data to
be added or replaced. Data for a given year stored in the data file may be
replaced with data for a different year only if 20 years of data are already
stored; else, data can be replaced only with other data for the same year. If
20 years of data are already stored, the program responds
3.10 TWENTY YEARS OF PRECIPITATION DATA
HAVE ALREADY BEEN ENTERED.
DO YOU WISH TO REPLACE ANY YEARS OF DATA?
ENTER YES OR NO.
A NO answer to question 3.10 prompts the program to transfer control to
subroutine 9. PRECHK (question 9.1) while a YES answer produces the following
instruction:
3.11 ENTER THE YEAR TO BE REPLACED.
25
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If the user responds with one of the years in the data file, control is passed
to question 3.4. If data for the year specified by the user is not already
stored, the program responds
3.12 IS NOT IN THE EXISTING DATA.
and returns control to question 3.10. The user should consult message 3.9 to
select a year for replacement that presently exists in the data file.
DEFAULT SOIL DATA (4. DSDATA)
If the user responds YES to question 1.3, the program issues some general
instructions on entering soil data and then prints
4.1 ENTER TITLE ON LINE 1,
ENTER LOCATION OF SOLID WASTE SITE ON LINE 2,
AND ENTER TODAY'S DATE ON LINE 3.
The user enters this information on the following lines in any format desired
since this information is only used for a heading. The program then responds
4.2 FOUR TYPES OF LAYERS MAY BE USED IN THE DESIGN:
VERTICAL PERCOLATION, LATERAL DRAINAGE, BARRIER SOIL, AND WASTE.
LATERAL DRAINAGE IS NOT PERMITTED FROM A VERTICAL PERCOLATION
LAYER.
BOTH VERTICAL AND LATERAL DRAINAGE ARE PERMITTED FROM A LATERAL
DRAINAGE LAYER.
A BARRIER SOIL LAYER SHOULD BE DESIGNED TO INHIBIT PERCOLATION.
AN IMPERMEABLE LINER MAY BE USED ON TOP OF ANY BARRIER SOIL LAYER.
THE WASTE LAYER SHOULD BE DESIGNED TO PERMIT RAPID DRAINAGE
FROM THE WASTE LAYER.
RULES:
THE TOP LAYER CANNOT BE A BARRIER SOIL LAYER.
A BARRIER SOIL LAYER MAY NOT BE PLACED ADJACENT TO ANOTHER
BARRIER SOIL LAYER.
ONLY A BARRIER SOIL LAYER OR ANOTHER LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER MAY BE
PLACED DIRECTLY BELOW A LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER.
YOU MAY USE UP TO 9 LAYERS AND UP TO 3 BARRIER SOIL LAYERS.
ENTER THE NUMBER OF LAYERS IN YOUR DESIGN.
If the user enters a value between 2 and 9 for the number of layers
(e.g., 5), the program responds
4.3 THE LAYERS ARE NUMBERED SUCH THAT
SOIL LAYER 1 IS THE TOP LAYER
AND SOIL LAYER .5 IS THE BOTTOM LAYER.
26
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If the user entered 1, the program responds
4.4 SOIL LAYER 1 IS THE ONLY SOIL LAYER.
If the user entered a value which is less than 1 or greater than 9, the pro-
gram responds
4.5 YOU MAY HAVE 1 TO 9 LAYERS.
ENTER THE NUMBER OF LAYERS IN YOUR DESIGN.
and the user must enter the number of layers again.
After the user has entered an acceptable number of layers, the program
asks the following question:
4.6 IS THE TOP LAYER AN UNVEGETATED SAND OR GRAVEL LAYER?
ENTER YES OR NO.
The answer to this question affects the manner in which the program models
percolation through the evaporative zone on days when infiltration occurs. If
YES is answered, the model assumes that there is little capillary suction to
draw water into lower layers and that percolation does not occur until the
soil moisture in the evaporative zone exceeds the field capacity. These con-
ditions are more typical of unvegetated or poorly vegetated sand or gravel
layers occasionally used in semi-arid and arid climates. If NO is answered,
the model assumes that water is drawn into the lower layers by capillary suc-
tion when infiltration occurs. This assumption is applicable for typical
landfill designs where the top layer is a vegetated topsoil with a shallow
water table or where the top layer is a clay or a loam.
After the user answers question 4.6, the program instructs the user to
enter information describing the soil layers by repeating a loop of questions
for each layer. The loop contains questions 4.7, 4.9, 4.15 and, in some
cases, 4.23. The first instruction, given here for layer 1, is
4.7 ENTER THICKNESS OF SOIL LAYER j_ IN INCHES.
If the user enters a value that is less than or equal to zero, the program
warns
4.8 THICKNESS MUST BE GREATER THAN ZERO.
and returns control to question 4.7.
After question 4.7 is satisfactorily answered, the program instructs the
user to
4.9 ENTER THE LAYER TYPE FOR LAYER J_.
When data are being entered for the first layer, the program prints the fol-
lowing list of possible layer types which is not repeated for the other
layers.
27
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4.10 ENTER 1 FOR A VERTICAL PERCOLATION LAYER,
2 FOR A LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER,
3 FOR A BARRIER SOIL LAYER,
4 FOR A WASTE LAYER, AND
5 FOR A BARRIER SOIL LAYER WITH
AN IMPERMEABLE LINER.
If the user enters a number other than 1 through 5 (e.g., 6), the program
responds
4.11 _6 INAPPROPRIATE VALUE—TRY AGAIN.
and returns control to question 4.9.
Several rules governing the order of layers in the landfill design were
given in question 4.2. If these rules are not followed, the program prints an
appropriate warning and returns control to question 4.9 to obtain an accept-
able layer type. The warnings are
4.12 THE TOP LAYER MAY NOT BE A BARRIER SOIL LAYER.
4.13 EITHER A LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER OR A BARRIER SOIL LAYER MUST
FOLLOW A LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER.—TRY AGAIN.
4.14 A BARRIER SOIL LAYER MAY NOT BE PLACED DIRECTLY BELOW
ANOTHER BARRIER SOIL LAYER.
After an acceptable layer type is entered, the program requests the user
to
4.15 ENTER SOIL TEXTURE OF SOIL LAYER 1.
When data are being entered for the first layer, the program prints the fol-
lowing additional instructions:
4.16 ENTER A NUMBER (1 THROUGH 23) FOR TEXTURE CLASS OF SOIL MATERIAL.
**CHECK USER'S GUIDE FOR NUMBER CORRESPONDING TO SOIL TYPE.**
If the user enters a number other than 1 through 23 (e.g., 26), the program
responds
4.17 _26 INAPPROPRIATE SOIL TEXTURE NUMBER—TRY AGAIN.
and returns control to question 4.15.
Default soil data exist only for soil texture 1 through 21 as given in
Table 2. Soil textures 22 and 23 are available to provide the user an oppor-
tunity to describe the soil characteristics of some layers manually while
using default soil data for other layers. Therefore, if soil texture types 22
or 23 are specified, the program asks questions 4.18 through 4.22 to obtain
the soil characteristics. The appropriate value must be entered in response
to each of the following commands.
28
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4.18 ENTER THE POROSITY OF THE LAYER IN VOL/VOL.
4.19 ENTER THE FIELD CAPACITY OF THE LAYER IN VOL/VOL.
4.20 ENTER THE WILTING POINT OF THE LAYER IN VOL/VOL.
4.21 ENTER THE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF THE LAYER IN INCHES/HR.
4.22 ENTER THE EVAPORATION COEFFICIENT OF THE LAYER IN MM/DAY**.5.
The default soil data for soil texture types 1 through 18 are typical
values for uncompacted soils while default soil data for soil texture
types 19, 20 and 21 are typical values for compacted municipal solid waste,
and compacted clay barrier soils. Therefore, if soil textures 1 through 18
are specified, the program provides the user with an opportunity to correct
the default soil data for compaction by asking (in this case for soil layer 2)
4.23 IS SOIL LAYER 2_ COMPACTED?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If the layer under consideration is the top layer, the program also prints
4.24 THE VEGETATIVE SOIL LAYER IS GENERALLY NOT COMPACTED.
If the layer under consideration had been designated to be a barrier soil
layer (either layer type 3 or 5), the program also prints
4.25 THE BARRIER SOIL LAYER IS GENERALLY COMPACTED.
If question 4.23 is answered YES, the hydraulic conductivity is reduced by a
factor of 20, the porosity and plant available water capacity is reduced by
25 percent, and the evaporation coefficient is reduced to 3.1 mm/day * . If
NO is answered, the data from Table 2 are used.
After question 4.23 is answered, the loop of questions 4.7 through 4.23
is repeated for the rest of the layers. After data for all layers have been
specified, the program checks the layer type of the bottom layer. If the bot-
tom layer is a lateral drainage layer and less than 9 layers have been used in
the design, the program provides the user with an opportunity to enter data
for a barrier layer to be placed under the bottom lateral drainage layer by
asking
4.26 A BARRIER LAYER SHOULD BE USED BELOW THE
BOTTOM LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER.
DO YOU WANT TO ENTER DATA FOR A BARRIER LAYER?
ENTER YES OR NO.
IF NO IS ENTERED, THE MODEL ASSUMES THAT LATERAL
DRAINAGE DOES NOT OCCUR FROM THE BOTTOM LAYER.
29
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If the bottom layer is a lateral drainage layer and 9 layers have already been
used in the design, the program responds
4.27 A BARRIER LAYER SHOULD HAVE BEEN SPECIFIED.
THE MODEL ASSUMES THAT LATERAL DRAINAGE DOES NOT
OCCUR FROM THE BOTTOM LAYER.
A barrier soil layer must be placed below the bottom lateral drainage layers
if the program is to estimate lateral drainage from the bottom subprofile. If
a barrier soil layer was not used, the program models the lateral drainage
layers in the bottom subprofile as if they were vertical percolation layers.
If the user answers YES to question 4.26, control is transferred to ques-
tion 4.7 where the loop for entering data for a layer starts. If NO is
answered, the program asks question 4.28 if a synthetic flexible membrane
liner is used in the design.
4.28 WHAT FRACTION OF THE AREA DRAINS THROUGH LEAKS IN THE MEMBRANE
OR WHAT FRACTION OF THE DAILY POTENTIAL PERCOLATION THROUGH THE
BARRIER SOIL LAYER OCCURS ON THE GIVEN DAY?
ENTER BETWEEN 0 AND 1.
If the value entered for question 4.28 is less than 0 or greater than 1,
the program responds
4.29 INAPPROPRIATE VALUE—TRY AGAIN.
and question 4.28 is repeated. If an acceptable value was entered, control
for most cases is passed to question 4.30 where the user is requested to
describe the vegetative cover. If a membrane liner was not used in a design
and NO was answered to question 4.26, control is also passed to question 4.30
for most cases. Control is not passed to question 4.30 if the top layer was
designated to be a waste layer. Specifying the top layer to be a waste layer
indicates to the program that the landfill is open and unvegetated. Control
in this case is passed to subroutine 7. OPEN (question 7.1). If default cli-
matologic data have been entered during this run, question 4.30 is not asked
since the vegetation was described when the climatologic data were entered.
The program requests a description of the vegetative cover as follows:
4.30 SELECT THE TYPE OF VEGETATIVE COVER.
ENTER NUMBER 1 FOR BARE GROUND
2 FOR EXCELLENT GRASS
3 FOR GOOD GRASS
4 FOR FAIR GRASS
5 FOR POOR GRASS
6 FOR GOOD ROW CROPS
7 FOR FAIR ROW CROPS
If the user enters a value that is less than 1 or greater than 7 (e.g., 9),
the program responds
30
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4.31 _9 INAPPROPRIATE VALUE—TRY AGAIN.
and repeats question 4.30. Otherwise, the program warns
4.32 IF YOU ARE USING DEFAULT CLIMATOLOGIC DATA AND
THIS VEGETATION TYPE IS NOT THE SAME USED IN
THE CLIMATOLOGIC DATA INPUT, YOU SHOULD
ENTER THE CLIMATOLOGIC DATA AGAIN.
and passes control to question 4.33.
The program calculates the SCS runoff curve number based on the vegeta-
tion type and the soil texture of the top layer if one of the default soil
textures were used for this layer (soil texture types 1 through 21). The
equation used to calculate the curve numbers was developed for landfill with
mild surface slopes (2 to 4 percent). The program provides the user with an
opportunity to enter a curve number and override the default value as follows:
4.33 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER A RUNOFF CURVE
NUMBER AND OVERRIDE THE DEFAULT VALUE?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If NO is answered, control is transferred to subroutine 6. SITE (question 6.1)
where the program requests more information describing the landfill site and
design. If YES is answered or if the top layer has a soil texture number of
22 or 23 and is not a waste layer, the program asks the user to
4.34 ENTER SCS RUNOFF CURVE NUMBER (BETWEEN 15 AND 100).
Control is then transferred to subroutine 6. SITE (question 6.1).
MANUAL SOIL DATA (5. MSDATA)
If the user specified in response to question 1.3 that the default soil
data is not to be used, then the program enters the manual soil data input
subroutine (MSDATA). Many of the questions are the same in the default and
manual soil data subroutines. The primary difference is that in entering
manual soil data, the user must specify numerical values for soil porosity,
field capacity, wilting point, hydraulic conductivity, and evaporation coeffi-
cient, while, in the default soil data subroutine, the user needs to merely
specify a code number for the soil type.
The first question is
5.1 DO YOU WANT TO CORRECT OR CHECK
THE EXISTING DESIGN AND SOIL DATA?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user responds YES, the program assumes that soil data have already been
entered and control is passed to subroutine 10. SDCHK (question 10.1) where
31
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the soil data may be corrected. If the user answers NO, the program prints a
message and asks the user to begin building a data file.
5.2 YOU ARE ENTERING A COMPLETE NEW DATA SET.
USE ONLY ENGLISH UNITS OF INCHES AND DAYS
UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED
#########################ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS//////////////////////////////////////////////
A VALUE **MUST** BE ENTERED FOR EACH COMMAND
EVEN WHEN THE VALUE IS ZERO.
********************************************************************
ENTER TITLE ON LINE 1,
ENTER LOCATION OF SOLID WASTE SITE ON LINE 2
AND ENTER TODAY'S DATE ON LINE 3.
After the user enters the title, the program prints information on
describing the layers in the landfill design and requests the user to enter
the number of layers.
5.3 FOUR TYPES OF LAYERS MAY BE USED IN THE DESIGN:
VERTICAL PERCOLATION, LATERAL DRAINAGE, BARRIER SOIL, AND WASTE.
LATERAL DRAINAGE IS NOT PERMITTED FROM A VERTICAL PERCOLATION LAYER.
BOTH VERTICAL AND LATERAL DRAINAGE ARE PERMITTED FROM A LATERAL
DRAINAGE LAYER.
A BARRIER SOIL LAYER SHOULD BE DESIGNED TO INHIBIT PERCOLATION.
AN IMPERMEABLE LINER MAY BE USED ON TOP OF ANY BARRIER SOIL LAYER.
THE WASTE LAYER SHOULD BE DESIGNED TO PERMIT RAPID DRAINAGE
FROM THE WASTE LAYER.
RULES:
THE TOP LAYER CANNOT BE A BARRIER SOIL LAYER.
A BARRIER SOIL LAYER MAY NOT BE PLACED ADJACENT TO ANOTHER
BARRIER SOIL LAYER.
ONLY A BARRIER SOIL LAYER OR ANOTHER LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER MAY BE
PLACED DIRECTLY BELOW A LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER.
YOU MAY USE UP TO 9 LAYERS AND UP TO 3 BARRIER SOIL LAYERS.
ENTER THE NUMBER OF LAYERS IN YOUR DESIGN.
If the user enters a value between 2 and 9 (e.g., 3), the program responds
5.4 THE LAYERS ARE NUMBERED SUCH THAT
SOIL LAYER 1 IS THE TOP LAYER
AND SOIL LAYER 3_ IS THE BOTTOM LAYER.
32
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If the user entered 1, the program responds
5.5 SOIL LAYER 1 IS THE ONLY LAYER.
If the user entered a value that is less than 1 or greater than 9, the program
responds
5.6 YOU MAY HAVE 1 TO 9 LAYERS.
ENTER THE NUMBER OF LAYERS IN YOUR DESIGN.
and the user must enter the number of layers again.
After the user has entered an acceptable number of layers, the program
asks the following question:
5.7 IS THE TOP LAYER AN UNVEGETATED SAND OR GRAVEL LAYER?
ENTER YES OR NO.
The user should refer to the discussion for question 4.6 to understand the
implication of this question.
After the user answers question 5.7, the program instructs the user to
enter information describing the soil layers by repeating a loop of questions
for each layer. The loop contains questions 5.8, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 5.13,
5.14, and 5.15. The first instruction, shown here for layer 1, is
5.8 ENTER THICKNESS OF SOIL LAYER 1_ IN INCHES.
If the user enters a value that is less than or equal to zero, the program
warns
5.9 THICKNESS MUST BE GREATER THAN ZERO.
and returns control to question 5.8.
After question 5.8 is satisfactorily answered, the program asks the fol-
lowing questions. The program does not check the specified numerical values
for their appropriateness.
5.10 ENTER THE POROSITY OF SOIL LAYER j^ IN VOL/VOL.
5.11 ENTER THE FIELD CAPACITY OF SOIL LAYER ± IN VOL/VOL.
5.12 ENTER THE WILTING POINT OF SOIL LAYER JL_ IN VOL/VOL.
5.13 ENTER THE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF SOIL LAYER JL_ IN INCHES/HR.
5.14 ENTER THE EVAPORATION COEFFICIENT OF SOIL LAYER J^
IN (MM)/(DAY**0.5).
After asking questions 5.10 through 5.14, the program instructs the user
to
33
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5.15 ENTER THE LAYER TYPE FOR LAYER _1_.
When data are being entered for the first layer, the program prints the fol-
lowing list of possible layer types. This list is not repeated for the other
layers.
5.16 ENTER 1 FOR A VERTICAL PERCOLATION LAYER,
2 FOR A LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER,
3 FOR A BARRIER SOIL LAYER,
4 FOR A WASTE LAYER AND
5 FOR A BARRIER SOIL LAYER WITH
AN IMPERMEABLE LINER.
If the user enters a value other than 1 through 5 (e.g., 7), the program
responds
5.17 _7 INVALID VALUE—TRY AGAIN
and repeats question 5.15 until an acceptable response is given.
Several rules governing the ordering of layers in the landfill design
were given in question 5.3. If these rules are not followed, the program
prints an appropriate warning and returns control to question 5.15 to obtain
an acceptable layer type. The warnings are
5.18 THE TOP LAYER MAY NOT BE A BARRIER SOIL LAYER.
5.19 EITHER A LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER OR
A BARRIER SOIL LAYER MUST FOLLOW
A LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER.—TRY AGAIN.
5.20 A BARRIER SOIL LAYER MAY NOT BE PLACED DIRECTLY BELOW
ANOTHER BARRIER SOIL LAYER.
After question 5.15 is answered, the loop of questions 5.8 through 5.15
is repeated for the rest of the layers. After data for all layers have been
specified, the program checks the layer type of the bottom layer. If the bot-
tom layer is a lateral drainage layer and less than 9 layers have been used in
the design, the program provides the user with an opportunity to enter data
for a barrier layer to be placed under the bottom lateral drainage layer by
asking
5.21 A BARRIER LAYER SHOULD BE USED BELOW THE BOTTOM LATERAL
DRAINAGE LAYER.
DO YOU WANT TO ENTER DATA FOR A BARRIER LAYER?
ENTER YES OR NO.
IF NO IS ENTERED, THE MODEL ASSUMES THAT
LATERAL DRAINAGE DOES NOT OCCUR FROM THE BOTTOM LAYER.
34
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If the bottom layer is a lateral drainage layer and 9 layers have already been
used in the design, the program responds
5.22 A BARRIER LAYER SHOULD HAVE BEEN SPECIFIED.
THE MODEL ASSUMES THAT LATERAL DRAINAGE DOES NOT OCCUR
FROM THE BOTTOM LAYER.
A barrier soil layer must be used below the bottom lateral drainage layers if
the program is to estimate lateral drainage from the bottom subprofile. If a
barrier soil layer was not used, the program models the lateral drainage
layers in the bottom subprofile as if they were vertical percolation layers.
If the user answers YES to question 5.21, control is transferred to ques-
tion 5.8 where the loop for entering data for a layer starts. If NO is
answered, the program asks question 5.23 if a synthetic flexible membrane
liner is used in the design.
5.23 WHAT FRACTION OF THE AREA DRAINS THROUGH LEAKS IN THE MEMBRANE
OR WHAT FRACTION OF THE DAILY POTENTIAL PERCOLATION THROUGH THE
BARRIER SOIL LAYER OCCURS ON THE GIVEN DAY?
ENTER BETWEEN 0 AND 1.
If the value entered for question 5.23 is less than 0 or greater than 1,
the program responds
5.24 INAPPROPRIATE VALUE—TRY AGAIN.
and question 5.23 is repeated. If an acceptable value was entered or if a
membrane liner was not used in the design, question 5.25 is asked next unless
the top layer in the design is a waste layer.
5.25 ENTER THE SCS RUNOFF CURVE NUMBER FOR THE DESIGN VEGETATIVE SOIL
AND VEGETATIVE COVER UNDER ANTECEDENT MOISTURE CONDITION II.
(BETWEEN 15 AND 100)
The user must enter an appropriate runoff curve number since the program does
not check the numerical value.
If the top layer in the design is a waste layer, control is passed to
subroutine 7. OPEN (question 7.1). Question 5.25 is not asked since the user
will enter a runoff curve number in subroutine OPEN.
Control is passed to subroutine 6. SITE (question 6.1) after asking ques-
tion 5.25 or the questions in subroutine OPEN. In subroutine SITE the program
requests additional information describing the landfill design.
SITE DESCRIPTION (6. SITE)
After the user has completed soil data input, using either the default or
manual options, the program asks the user for additional information on the
35
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site design. In order to compute estimates of the water budget components in
volume units, the program needs the surface area of the landfill and inquires
6.1 ENTER THE TOTAL AREA OF THE SURFACE, IN SQUARE FEET.
The computation of lateral drainage estimates is a function of the slope
of the surface of the barrier soil layer. Lateral drainage is also a function
of the maximum drainage distance to the collector along the surface of the
barrier soil layer. Therefore, the program asks for the slope and maximum
drainage distance at the base of the bottom lateral drainage layer in each
lateral drainage subprofile.
6.2 ENTER THE SLOPE AT THE BASE OF SOIL LAYER j_, IN PERCENT.
6.3 ENTER THE MAXIMUM DRAINAGE DISTANCE ALONG THE SLOPE
TO THE COLLECTOR, IN FEET.
These two questions are repeated for each lateral drainage subprofile. After
asking for the slope and drainage distance for each lateral drainage subpro-
file, the program passes control to question 1.1 if the default soil data
input option was used and to subroutine SDCHK (question 10.1) to check the
soil and design data if the manual soil data input option was used.
CHARACTERISTICS OF OPEN SITES (7. OPEN)
If the soil data subroutine detects that a landfill is to be simulated as
being open (i.e., the top layer is a waste layer), the following questions are
asked:
7.1 ENTER THE SCS RUNOFF CURVE NUMBER FOR THE SOIL TEXTURE AND AVERAGE
MOISTURE CONDITION OF THE TOP WASTE LAYER.
(BETWEEN 15 AND 100)
The user also has the option of specifying the fraction of the total potential
runoff that actually drains from the surface of the waste layer. This is
especially useful when the top of the waste cell is in a pit without provi-
sions for drainage. The question is
7.2 WHAT FRACTION OF THE DAILY POTENTIAL RUNOFF DRAINS FROM THE
SURFACE OF THE WASTE LAYER?
ENTER BETWEEN 0 AND 1.
The user input is not checked. After this question is answered, control
passes to subroutine 6. SITE (question 6.1) to request additional design
information.
MANUAL CLIMATOLOGIC DATA EXCEPT RAINFALL (8. MTRLYR)
After the user manually enters precipitation data using subroutine
MCDATA, the temperature, solar radiation, winter cover factor, evaporative
36
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zone depth and leaf area index data may be entered manually using this subrou-
tine. The program asks
8.1 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER OR CORRECT
OTHER CLIMATOLOGIC DATA?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user answers NO, the program returns control to question 1.1 and
assumes that the user will enter these data later or that the user wishes to
use the climatologic data that was previously entered using either manual or
default data input options. The program does not assign default values for
these climatologic parameters when rainfall data was entered manually; there-
fore, the user should enter these data for the initial run to prevent unpre-
dictable results. The user may enter default values for these parameters by
using the default climatologic data input option, subroutine 2. DCDATA, and
then manually replacing the precipitation data using the manual climatologic
data input option for rainfall, subroutine 3. MCDATA.
If the user answers YES to question 8.1, the program asks
8.2 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER TEMPERATURE DATA?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user answers NO, control is passed to question 8.12. If YES is
entered, the program asks
8.3 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER A DIFFERENT SET OF
MONTHLY TEMPERATURES FOR EACH YEAR?
ENTER YES OR NO.
(IF NO IS ENTERED, THE PROGRAM WILL USE THE
SAME SET OF MONTHLY TEMPERATURES FOR EACH
YEAR OF SIMULATION.)
If the user enters NO, control is transferred to question 8.10.
If YES is answered in response to question 8.3, the program asks a loop
of questions (8.4 through 8.9) that is repeated for each year for which pre-
cipitation data were entered. The program first prompts
8.4 ENTER MONTHLY TEMPERATURES FOR 1970.
If 1970 is not the first year (i.e., it is not the first time through the
loop), the program gives the user an opportunity to use the same values that
were used during the previous time through the loop instead of entering new
values. The program asks
8.5 DO YOU WANT TO USE THE SAME VALUES AS THE PREVIOUS YEAR?
ENTER YES OR NO.
37
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If the user answers YES, the program returns to question 8.4 for the next year
of values.
If question 8.5 is answered NO or if it is the first time through the
loop of questions 8.4 through 8.9, the program instructs the user to
8.6 ENTER MONTHLY VALUES FOR JANUARY THROUGH JUNE 1970 IN DEGREES F.
ENTER ALL 6 VALUES IN THE SAME LINE.
If fewer than 6 values are entered, the remaining values are assumed to be
zeros. After the user responds to question 8.6, the program asks
8.7 ENTER MONTHLY VALUES FOR JULY THROUGH DECEMBER 1970 IN DEGREES F.
ENTER ALL 6 VALUES IN THE SAME LINE.
After the user responds, the program lists the 12 values and then asks the
user if the values need to be corrected. For example,
8.8 THESE ARE THE INPUT TEMPERATURE VALUES.
JAN.-JUNE JULY-DEC.
24.5 68.2
26.7 66.1
31.2 53.9
45.3 49.9
54.2 41.8
67.2 35.0
8.9 DO YOU WANT TO CHANGE THEM?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user answers YES, control returns to question 8.6. If the user answers
NO, the loop is completed and starts again at question 8.4 for the next year
of data. If all years of temperature data have been entered, the program
passes control to question 8.12.
If the user entered NO in response to question 8.3, the program would
have responded
8.10 ENTER THE MONTHLY TEMPERATURES IN DEGREES F.
TO BE USED FOR ALL YEARS OF SIMULATION.
ENTER VALUES FOR JANUARY THROUGH JUNE.
ENTER ALL 6 VALUES IN THE SAME LINE.
After the user responds, the program prompts the user to
8.11 ENTER MONTHLY VALUES FOR JULY THROUGH DECEMBER IN DEGREES F.
ENTER ALL 6 VALUES IN THE SAME LINE.
The program then prints a list of the 12 values as in message 8.8 and ask the
user if they need to be corrected (question 8.9). If the values need to be
38
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changed, control is returned to question 8.10; else, control is transferred to
question 8.12.
After the temperature values have been entered, the program asks
8.12 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER SOLAR RADIATION DATA?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user answers NO, control is passed to question 8.20. If YES is
entered, the program asks
8.13 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER A DIFFERENT SET OF
MONTHLY SOLAR RADIATION VALUES FOR EACH YEAR?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user enters NO, the program will use the same set of monthly solar
radiation (insolation) values for each year of simulation and control is
passed to question 8.18 for this input.
If YES is answered in response to question 8.13, the program asks a loop
of questions (8.14 through 8.17 and 8.9) that is repeated for each year which
precipitation data were entered. The program first prompts
8.14 ENTER MONTHLY SOLAR RADIATION VALUES FOR 1970.
If 1970 is not the first year of data, the program asks question 8.5 to give
the user an opportunity to use the same values that were used during the last
time through the loop instead of entering new values. If the user wishes to
use the same values, the program returns to question 8.14 for the next year of
values.
If the user wishes to enter new values or if it is the first time through
the loop of questions 8.14 through 8.17, the program prompts the user to
8.15 ENTER MONTHLY SOLAR RADIATION VALUES FOR
JANUARY THROUGH JUNE 1970 IN LANGLEYS/DAY.
ENTER ALL 6 VALUES IN THE SAME LINE.
After the user responds, the program asks
8.16 ENTER MONTHLY SOLAR RADIATION VALUES FOR
JULY THROUGH DECEMBER 1970 IN LANGLEYS/DAY.
ENTER ALL 6 VALUES IN THE SAME LINE.
After the user responds, the program lists the 12 values as shown below and
then asks question 8.9 to see if the values need to be corrected.
39
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8.17 THESE ARE THE INPUT SOLAR RADIATION VALUES.
JAN.-JUNE JULY-DEC.
220.0 450.0
250.0 420.0
285.0 395.0
330.0 350.0
420.0 290.0
448.0 230.0
If the values need to be changed, the program returns to question 8.15; other-
wise, the loop of questions is completed and starts again at question 8.14 for
the next year of data. If all years of solar radiation data have been
entered, the program passes control to question 8.20.
If the user answered NO in response to question 8.13, the program would
have responded
8.18 ENTER THE MONTHLY SOLAR RADIATION VALUES IN IANGLEYS/DAY
TO BE USED FOR ALL YEARS OF SIMULATION.
ENTER VALUES FOR JANUARY THROUGH JUNE.
ENTER ALL 6 VALUES IN THE SAME LINE.
After the user responds, the program instructs the user to
8.19 ENTER MONTHLY SOLAR RADIATION VALUES IN
LANGLEYS/DAY FOR JULY THROUGH DECEMBER.
ENTER ALL 6 VALUES IN THE SAME LINE.
The program then prints a list of the 12 values as in message 8.17 and asks
the user if they need to be corrected (question 8.9). If the values need to
be changed, control is returned to question 8.18; otherwise, control is trans-
ferred to question 8.20.
After the solar radiation values have been entered, the program asks
8.20 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER EVAPORATIVE ZONE DEPTHS?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user answers NO, control is transferred to question 8.23. If YES is
entered, the program instructs the user to
8.21 ENTER THE EVAPORATIVE ZONE DEPTH IN INCHES
TO BE USED FOR ALL YEARS OF SIMULATION.
CONSERVATIVE VALUES ARE:
4 IN. FOR BAREGROUND
10 IN. FOR FAIR GRASS
18 IN. FOR EXCELLENT GRASS
Unlike the input for the other climatologic parameters, a different value for
the evaporative zone depth may not be entered for each of the various years
of simulation. The single evaporative zone depth entered in response to
40
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question 8.21 is used for each year of simulation. After the user answers
this question, the program responds
8.22 THE EVAPORATIVE ZONE DEPTH IS 10.00.
DO YOU WANT TO CHANGE IT? ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user enters YES, the program repeats question 8.21. If NO is entered,
the program passes control to question 8.23.
After the user has entered the evaporative zone depth, the program asks
8.23 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER WINTER COVER FACTORS?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user answers NO, control is passed to question 8.28. If YES is
entered, the program asks
' 8.24 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER A DIFFERENT WINTER COVER
FACTOR FOR EACH YEAR?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user enters NO, the program will use the same winter cover factor for
each year of simulation and control is passed to question 8.27 for this input.
If YES is answered in response to question 8.24, the program asks ques-
tions 8.25 and 8.26 for each year which precipitation data were entered. The
program first instructs the user to
8.25 ENTER THE WINTER COVER FACTOR FOR 1970 (BETWEEN 0 AND 1.8).
After the user responds, the program lists the value and asks if the value
needs to be corrected.
8.26 THE WINTER COVER FACTOR ENTERED IS 0.70.
DO YOU WANT TO CHANGE IT? ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user indicates that the value needs to be changed, question 8.25 is
repeated; otherwise, question 8.25 is asked to obtain the winter cover factor
for the following year of simulation. If all years of data have been entered,
the program passes control to question 8.28.
If the user entered NO in response to question 8.24, the program would
have responded
8.27 ENTER THE WINTER COVER FACTOR TO BE USED
FOR ALL YEARS OF SIMULATION.
After the user responds, the program, using message 8.27, lists the value and
asks the user if the value needs to be corrected. If the value needs to be
changed, question 8.27 is repeated; otherwise, control is transferred to ques-
tion 8.28.
41
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After the winter cover factors have been entered, the program asks
8.28 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER LEAF AREA INDEX DATA?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user enters NO, manual climatologic data input is concluded and control
is passed to question 1.1. If YES is entered, the program responds
8.29 13 LEAF AREA INDICES MUST BE ENTERED FOR A
YEAR OF SIMULATION.
EACH INDEX IS COMPOSED OF THE DATE OF THE MEASUREMENT
AND THE LEAF AREA MEASUREMENT.
**REMEMBER TO START WITH DAY 1 AND END WITH DAY 366.**
DO YOU WANT TO ENTER A DIFFERENT SET OF
LEAF AREA INDICES FOR EACH YEAR?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user answers NO, the program will use the same set of leaf area indices
for each year of simulation and control is passed to question 8.33 for this
input.
If YES is answered in response to question 8.29, the program asks ques-
tions 8.30, 8.31, 8.32 and 8.9 that are repeated in a loop for each year which
precipitation data were entered. The program first prompts
8.30 ENTER LEAF AREA INDICES FOR 1970.
If 1970 is not the first year of data, the program asks question 8.5 to give
the user an opportunity to use the same indices that were used during the last
time through the loop instead of entering new values. If the user wishes to
use the same indices, the program returns to question 8.30 for the next year
of values.
If the user wishes to enter new values or if it is the first time through
the loop of questions 8.30 through 8.32, the program instructs the user to
8.31 ENTER TWO VALUES PER LINE—THE JULIAN DATE
AND THE LEAF AREA MEASUREMENT FOR INDEX _!_.
The leaf area indices are not monthly average values as are the temperature
and solar radiation data; instead, the user must select 13 dates of the year
(including Julian dates 1 and 366) which describe the vegetative growth. The
program interpolates the leaf area linearly between the specified dates. The
Julian date for index 1 must be 1 and the Julian date for index 13 must be
366.
Question 8.31 is repeated until all 13 leaf area indices are entered. At
that time, the program prints the leaf area indices (message 8.32) and asks
the user (question 8.9) if the values need to be corrected.
42
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8.32 THESE ARE THE INPUT DATES AND LAI VALUES FOR 1970.
DATE LAI
1 0.0
31 0.10
66 0.20
99 0.60
130 1.00
160 1.40
190 1.70
222 1.60
255 1.20
280 0.80
310 0.30
340 0.10
366 0.0
If the values need to be changed, the program returns to question 8.31; other-
wise, the loop of questions is completed and starts again at question 8.30 for
the next year of indices. If all years of data have been entered, the manual
climatologic data input is concluded and control is passed to question 1.1.
If the user answered NO in response to question 8.29, the program would
have responded
8.33 ENTER THE LEAF AREA INDICES TO BE USED
FOR ALL YEARS OF SIMULATION.
and then asked question 8.31 until all 13 leaf area indices have been entered.
The program would then list the leaf area indices as in message 8.32 and ask
if these values need to be corrected. If the values need to be changed, con-
trol is returned to question 8.31; otherwise, the manual climatologic data
input is concluded and control is transferred to question 1.1.
EDITING PRECIPITATION DATA (9. PRECHK)
This subroutine allows the user to edit lines of the precipitation data.
The user may not enter new years of data in this subroutine. This subroutine
is called when the user has completed entering precipitation data manually or
when the user answers NO to questions 3.1 or 3.8. The program starts by
asking
9.1 DO YOU WANT TO CHECK OR CORRECT THE PRECIPITATION VALUES ENTERED?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user answers NO, control is passed to subroutine 8. MTRLYR (ques-
tion 8.1). If the user enters YES, the program prints a list of years for
which precipitation data have been entered.
9.2 DATA EXIST FOR 5 YEARS: 74 75 76 77 78
The program then instructs the user to
43
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9.3 ENTER YEAR TO BE CHECKED.
If the user enters a year other than those listed in message 9.2 (e.g., 82),
the program responds
9.4 DATA FOR YEAR 8_2 ARE NOT IN THE DATA FILE.
and question 9.3 is repeated.
If the user enters a year that is in the precipitation data set, the pro-
gram responds
9.5 THE DATA FOR 7j3 ARE:
78 0.01 0.0 0.11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.40 1.85 0.0 1
78 0.0 0.0 0.77 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.25 0.01 1.44 0.01 2
78 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.46 4.60 2.13 0.0 0.01 0.06 0.0 3
78 0.70 0.27 0.53 0.30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.02 4
and so on until the 37 lines of precipitation values are printed. The program
then asks
9.6 DO YOU WANT TO CHANGE OR CORRECT ANY OF THESE VALUES?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user enters NO, the program passes control to question 9.11. If the
user answers YES, the program instructs the user to
9.7 ENTER NUMBER OF LINE TO BE CHANGED.
If the user enters a number that is less than 1 or greater than 37 (i.e., the
total number of lines per year), the program responds
9.8 LINE NUMBERS MUST RANGE FROM 1 TO 37.
TRY AGAIN.
and repeats question 9.7.
If a valid number is answered in response to question 9.7, the program
responds
9.9 ENTER THE TEN DAILY PRECIPITATION VALUES.
The user must enter all values on the same line. The rule-, for entering pre-
cipitation data were described previously in the part of this section entitled
"RULES". After the user enters the precipitation values, the program asks
9.10 DO YOU WANT TO CHANGE ANOTHER LINE OF THIS YEAR?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user answers YES, the program returns to question 9.7.
44
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If the user enters NO in response to question 9.10, the program asks
9.11 DO YOU WANT TO CHECK OR CORRECT ANOTHER
YEAR OF PRECIPITATION VALUES?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user answers YES, control is passed to question 9.3. If NO is entered,
the program passes control to subroutine 8. MTRLYR (question 8.1) where data
for other climatologic parameters can be entered.
If precipitation data have not been entered and the user answers YES to
question 9.1, the program responds
9.12 THE DATA FILE CONTAINS NO PRECIPITATION VALUES.
The user must enter precipitation data either by the manual or default clima-
tologic data input options before the data can be edited. After message 9.12
is printed, control is passed to subroutine 8. MTRLYR (question 8.1).
EDITING SOIL AND DESIGN DATA (10. SDCHK)
When the user indicates that the manual soil data input option is to be
used, the program gives the user the opportunity to edit the soil and design
data in this subroutine. The program calls the subroutine after the last of
the design data is entered manually (i.e., after question 6.3) and also when
the user answers YES to question 5.1. The program first lists the design and
soil data as follows:
10.1 THE DESIGN AND SOIL DATA ARE:
(THE LAST NUMBER OF EACH LINE OF DATA IS THE LINE NUMBER.)
TITLE:
DRAINFIL COMPARISON FOR OPEN LANDFILL
TITLE:
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 1951-1975
TITLE:
AUGUST 31, 1983
// OF LAYERS, // OF LINERS, LINER LEAKAGE FRACTION, RUNOFF FRACTION
FOR OPEN SITES, AND CN-II:
3 0 1.000000 0.0 20.000000 4
THICKNESSES:
108.00 12.00 24.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5
POROSITIES:
0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6
45
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FIELD CAPACITIES:
0.4500 0.3800 0.4900 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7
WILTING POINTS:
0.1500 0.1500 0.1500 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8
EVAPORATION COEFFICIENTS:
3.800 3.300 3.100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9
HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITIES:
0.14169991 14.1699991 0.00014170 0.0 0.0 10
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11
SURFACE AREA:
12000. 12
LAYER TYPES:
423000000 13
LAYER SLOPES:
0.0 2.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14
LAYER DRAINAGE LENGTHS:
0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15
The program then asks
10.2 DO YOU WANT TO CHANGE ANY LINES?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If this is the first time that this question is asked and the user answers NO
(i.e., the user does not want to change any of the original data), the program
returns control to question 1.1. If the user answers NO and had previously
changed some lines, the program asks question 10.9.
The first time that the user answers YES in response to question 10.2,
the program responds
10.3 DO YOU WANT TO CHANGE THE TITLE?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user answers NO, the program asks question 10.5. If the user enters
YES, the program instructs the user to
10.4 ENTER TITLE ON LINE 1,
ENTER LOCATION OF SOLID WASTE SITE ON LINE 2
AND ENTER TODAY'S DATE ON LINE 3.
and then repeats question 10.2.
46
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If the user answers YES in response to question 10.2 and it is not the
first time that question 10.2 was asked or if the user answers NO to ques-
tion 10.3, the program responds
10.5 ENTER THE NUMBER OF THE LINE.
After the user enters the number of the line of data to be changed, the pro-
gram responds
10.6 ENTER THE DATA VALUES FOR LINE _4.
DO NOT ENTER THE LINE NUMBER.
After the user enters the values, the program returns control to ques-
tion 10.2, but the program first prints messages if the user changed lines 4
or 13. If the user changed line 4, the program warns
10.7 IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT YOU REENTER ALL SOIL DATA
IF YOU WANT TO CHANGE THE NUMBER OF LAYERS; OTHERWISE,
YOU MUST CHANGE LINES 5 THROUGH 11 AND 13 THROUGH 15.
If the user changed line 13, the program warns
10.8 YOU MAY ALSO NEED TO CHANGE LINES 4, 14 AND 15,
IF YOU CHANGE THIS LINE.
If the user has made some changes and then answers NO to question 10.2
indicating that all of the changes have been made, the program asks
10.9 DO YOU WANT TO CHECK THE DATA SET AGAIN?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user answers YES, control is returned to message 10.1. If the user
answers NO, the program returns control to question 1.1.
SIMULATION OUTPUT CONTROL (11. SIMULA)
When the user answers 3 or 5 to question 1.1, the program runs the simu-
lation and produces output. The program requires information on the length of
simulation and the detail of output. The program first asks
11.1 HOW MANY YEARS OF OUTPUT DO YOU WANT?
(BETWEEN 2 AND _5_ YEARS MAY BE USED.)
If the user answers 3 to question 1.1, the program also asks the next two
questions.
11.2 DO YOU WANT DAILY OUTPUT?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user answers YES, daily results will be printed for each year. A
response of NO suppresses this output. The program then asks
47
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11.3 DO YOU WANT MONTHLY TOTALS?
ENTER YES OR NO.
If the user answers YES, monthly totals of the water budget components will be
printed for each year. A response of NO suppresses this output.
If the user had entered 5 in response to question 1.1, questions 11.2 and
11.3 are not asked since daily and monthly output are not available for this
output option.
The program starts the simulation after question 11.3. After the program
produces all of the requested output, the program returns control to ques-
tion 1.1.
LOADING PRECIPITATON DATA FROM OFF-LINE MEDIA
Building precipitation data files on-line can be time consuming, and
hence quite expensive, especially when data for several years must be entered.
Thus, it may be desirable to build files off-line (e.g., punch cards, magnetic
tape, floppy disk, etc.) and then enter the entire file into the HELP program.
Regardless of the off-line media used, each year of data must be represented
by 37 records, each consisting of 12 variables. The first variable (format
110) should contain the year of the data right justified (e.g., 1976). The
next 10 values (format F5.2) must contain the daily precipitation data. The
last variable (format 110) is the number of the record (i.e., 1 to 37).
Once the file is built, the user may log on to the NCC system, read the
file, and store it under the data set name TAPE4. Then, following the command
RUNHELP, the user can answer "1" to question 1.1, "NO" to question 1.2, "NO"
to question 3.1, "NO" to question 9.1, and "YES" to question 8.1. This
sequence will allow the user to enter climatologic data (other than rainfall)
manually. If it is desired to check the precipitation data, question 9.1 may
be answered with a "YES".
A procedure similar to that described above for rainfall may also be used
for other types of data, although ordinarily there is no compelling need since
other data files are much less lengthy. Users wishing to load other data from
off-line should contact Mr. Anthony Gibson of the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways
Experiment Station for guidance. Mr. Gibson may be reached by telephone at
(601) 634-3710 (commercial) or 542-3710 (FTS) .
SAVING PRECIPITATION DATA FILES
The HELP program is written such that precipitation data are stored per-
manently. Thus, once a new precipitation data file is created and entered it
automatically replaces any previously stored precipitation data. The follow-
ing technique may be used to save old precipitation data files before entering
new precipitation data.
48
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For example, assume that the user has manually entered 20 years of pre-
cipitation data for Vicksburg, Mississippi. Also assume that the rest of the
climatologic, soil, and design data have been entered and that output has been
printed. At this point, the user may save the precipitation data stored on
the file TAPE4 under another name by using the EDIT, SAVE, and END commands as
follows after the user stops the HELP program and the computer system responds
READY.
EDIT TAPE4
SAVE VICKS
END
The user may also perform the same task using the following command:
COPY TAPE4 VICKS
The 20 years of precipitation for Vicksburg, Mississippi, are now stored on
the permanent file named VICKS. The user can now run the model with another
set of precipitation data, without losing data for Vicksburg. To retrieve the
precipitation data file for Vicksburg (stored under the file name of VICKS),
the user may enter the following commands:
EDIT VICKS
SAVE TAPE4
END
The user may also retrieve the precipitation data file using the following
commands:
DELETE TAPE4 SCRATCH
COPY VICKS TAPE4
This will cause the precipitation data for Vicksburg to replace the existing
precipitation data, and the model may then be run using the Vicksburg precipi-
tation data.
49
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SECTION 5
PROGRAM OUTPUT
INTRODUCTION
The HELP program always produces output consisting of the identifying
labels and input data (except daily precipitation) supplied by the user, and a
summary of the simulation results. Daily, monthly and yearly output may be
obtained at the option of the user. Information presented in this section
describes the output data sufficiently to allow most users to understand and
interpret results obtained from typical program runs. More detailed explana-
tions are presented in the program documentation (5). Complete input/output
listings for three example runs are presented in Section 6.
SUMMARY OUTPUT
Basic program output composed of all default and manual input information
(including identifying labels) except daily precipitation data, and summary
results are always reported. Input data have been described in Sections 3 and
4 and will not be discussed further herein since users should have no diffi-
culty in interpreting this information. Summary output data are described
below. Example output is presented in Section 6. Occasional reference to
Figure 2 may be helpful in understanding some of the terminology used in
describing program output.
Following the input data summary, the program produces a table of the
daily results, a table of the monthly totals and a table of the annual totals
for each year of simulation if these options are used. If a different set of
climatologic data was used for each year of simulation, these input values
other than precipitation data would be printed before the results of each year
of simulation. After the results for all years are printed, the program pro-
duces a summary of the output. The summary includes average monthly totals,
average annual totals and peak daily values for various simulation variables.
The program reports average monthly totals for precipitation, runoff,
evapotranspiration (total of evaporation from the surface and soil, and plant
transpiration), percolation through the base of each subprofile, and lateral
drainage from each subprofile. These results are reported in inches. The
output values indicate averages of the monthly totals for a particular month
of all years of simulation. For example, if 5 years of simulation were run,
the reported average monthly precipitation total for March would be the aver-
age of the 5 monthly totals for March precipitation.
50
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The next table in the summary output is a listing of the average annual
totals for the simulation period. Average annual values for precipitation,
runoff, evapotranspiration, percolation through the base of each subprofile,
and lateral drainage from each subprofile are reported in terms of inches,
cubic feet and as a percent of the total average annual precipitation.
In the last summary table, peak daily values for precipitation, runoff,
percolation through the base of each subprofile, and precipitation accumula-
tion on the surface in the form of snow are reported in terms of inches and
cubic feet. These values represent the maximum values that occurred on any
day during the simulation period. The table also contains the maximum head
on the barrier soil layer of each subprofile and the maximum and minimum soil
moisture content of the evaporative zone. These variables are reported in
inches.
The data reported in these summary tables are sufficient for rapidly
screening alternative designs and roughly sizing drainage and leachate collec-
tion and treatment systems in most cases. However, more detailed information
which shows trends and variability in the results may be obtained by request-
ing annual, monthly or daily output.
ANNUAL, MONTHLY AND DAILY OUTPUT
If the user requests detailed output, the program will print annual
totals of precipitation, runoff, evapotranspiration, percolation through the
base of each subprofile, and lateral drainage from each subprofile for each
year of simulation. Each of these output variables are reported in terms of
inches, cubic feet and as a percent of the total annual precipitation. The
program also lists the soil moisture contents and snow accumulations at the
start and end of the year in inches and cubic feet. Example annual output is
shown in Test Cases 1 and 2 of Section 6.
If the user requests monthly output, the program produces tables which
report monthly totals in inches for precipitation, runoff, evapotranspiration,
percolation through the base of each subprofile, and lateral drainage from
each subprofile for each year of simulation. Monthly output is shown in Test
Case 2 of Section 6.
If daily output is requested, the program prints a table containing the
Julian date, and the daily values of precipitation, runoff, evapotranspira-
tion, head on the soil barrier layer at the base of the cover, percolation
through the base of the cover, total lateral drainage from all subprofiles in
the cover, head on the soil barrier layer at the base of the landfill, perco-
lation through the base of the landfill, total lateral drainage from all sub-
profiles below the cover and the soil moisture content of the evaporative
zone. Where applicable, the units of the variables are in inches, except for
the soil moisture content which is reported in dimensionless form (volume of
water/volume of soil). The program prints an asterisk after the Julian date
for dates when the mean temperature is below freezing (32°F). Example daily
output is shown below for the first 10 days of a year of simulation.
51
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***********************************************************************
DAILY OUTPUT FOR 74
DAY RAIN RUNOFF ET
IN.
IN. IN.
COVER COVER COVER
HEAD PERC. DRAIN
IN. IN. IN.
BASE DEEP BASE SOIL
HEAD PERC. DRAIN WATER
IN. IN. IN. IN/IN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0.04
0.0
0.43
0.0
0.0
0.04
0.39
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.083
.067
.139
.021
.070
.091
.131
.026
.070
.070
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0028
0.0007
0.0027
0.0028
0.0040
0.0010
0.0026
0.0026
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0020
0.0001
0.0026
0.0025
0.0034
0.0012
0.0030
0.0024
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.3172
0.3105
0.3349
0.3323
0.3253
0.3201
0.3416
0.3385
0.3315
0.3245
52
-------
SECTION 6
EXAMPLES
In this section three complete examples (test cases) are presented. Test
Case 1 represents a typical open landfill, Test Case 2 represents a typical
cap or cover, and Test Case 3 represents a closed landfill composed of the
waste/drainage/liner layers from Test Case 1 and the cover from Test Case 2.
For each example the input data are summar\zed and the complete input/output
listing is reproduced. Detailed output without the optional daily and monthly
output is presented for Test Case 1. Detailed output with monthly totals is
presented for Test Case 2 and only summary output is presented for Test
Case 3.
TEST CASE 1
Test Case 1 represents an open landfill composed of a waste layer, a
drainage layer, and a low-permeability (barrier) soil liner. No synthetic
membrane liner was used. The characteristics of a coarse sand (default soil
type 1) were used to model the behavior of the waste layer. Since this soil
has a very high hydraulic conductivity (11.95 inches per hour), the net effect
is to prevent the waste layer, as modeled, from inhibiting drainage. The
input data and input/output listing are presented below. Monthly and daily
output were not requested, but annual totals were requested by asking for
detailed output.
Data for Test Case 1
Location: New Orleans, LA
Length of rainfall record used: 5 years (default data)
Vegetative cover: bare ground (i.e. no vegetation)
Evaporative zone depth: 6 inches
Fraction of area contributing to runoff: 0.8
SCS runoff curve number: 65
Area of site: 231,000 square feet
Number of layers: 3
Layer 1—
Layer type: 4 (waste material)
Soil type: 1 (coarse sand, default)
Layer thickness: 60 inches
53
-------
Layer 2—
Layer type: 2 (lateral drainage)
Soil type: 1 (coarse sand, default)
Slope at bottom of layer: 2%
Drainage length: 25 feet
Layer thickness: 12 inches
Layer 3—
Layer type: 3 (barrier soil with no synthetic membrane)
Soil type: 20 (especially prepared low-permeability barrier soil,
default)
Layer thickness: 24 inches
TEST CASE 2
Test Case 2 represents a typical landfill cover (cap) composed of a top
layer of soil supporting a fair stand of grass, a drainage layer, and a low-
permeability (barrier) soil liner. No synthetic membrane was used. Default
data describing the growth of the grass, leaf area index, etc. for the
New Orleans area were used. The input data and input/output listing are pre-
sented below. Monthly and annual output were requested.
Data for Test Case 2
Location: New Orleans, LA
Length of rainfall record used: 5 years (default data)
Vegetative cover: fair grass (default data)
Evaporative zone depth: 10 inches
Area of site: 231,000 square feet
Number of layers: 3
Layer 1—
Layer type: 1 (vertical percolation)
Soil type: 12 (silt/loam, default)
Layer thickness: 24 inches
Layer 2—
Layer type: 2 (lateral drainage)
Soil type: 1 (coarse sand, default)
Slope at bottom of layer: 3%
Drainage length: 175 feet
Layer thickness: 12 inches
Layer 3—
Layer type: 3 (barrier soil with no syntt • ". ^e^brane)
Soil type: 20 (especially prepared low-permeability barrier soil,
default)
Layer thickness: 24 inches
54
-------
TEST CASE 3
Test Case 3 represents a closed landfill consisting of the cover (cap)
used in Test Case 2 and the waste layer, lower drainage layer, and liner used
in Test Case 1. No synthetic membrane was used in either the cover or the
liner. The input data and input/output listing are presented below. Only
summary output was requested.
Data for Test Case 3
Location: New Orleans, LA
Length of rainfall record used: 5 years (default data)
Vegetative cover: fair grass (default data)
Evaporative zone depth: 10 inches
Area of site: 231,000 square feet
Number of layers: 6
Layer 1—
Layer type: 1 (vertical percolation)
Soil type: 12 (silt/loam, default)
Layer thickness: 24 inches
Layer 2—
Layer type: 2 (lateral drainage)
Soil type: 1 (coarse sand, default)
Slope at bottom of layer: 3%
Drainage length: 175 feet
Layer thickness: 12 inches
Layer 3—
Layer type: 3 (barrier soil with no synthetic membrane)
Soil type: 20 (especially prepared low-permeability barrier soil,
default)
Layer thickness: 24 inches
Layer 4—
Layer type: 4 (waste material)
Soil type: 1 (coarse sand, default)
Layer thickness: 60 inches
Layer 5—
Layer type: 2 (lateral drainage)
Soil type: 1 (coarse sand, default)
Slope at bottom of layer: 2%
Drainage length: 25 feet
Layer thickness: 12 inches
Layer 6—
Layer type: 3 (barrier soil with no synthetic membrane)
Soil type: 20 (especially prepared low-permeability barrier soil,
default)
Layer thickness: 24 inches
55
-------
Input/Output Listing for Test Case 1
* *
* HYDROLOGIC EVALUATION OF LANDFILL PERFORMANCE *
* HELP VERSION 1 *
* *
* WRITTEN BY *
* *
* PAUL R. SCHROEDER *
* AUGUST, 1983 *
* *
* OF THE *
* WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING GROUP *
* ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY *
* USAE WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION *
* P.O. BOX 631 *
* VICKSBURG, MS 39180 *
* *
* *
* USER'S GUIDE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST *
* FOR CONSULTATION CONTACT AUTHORS AT *
* (601) 634-3709 OR (601) 634-3710 *
* *
1.1 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER OR CHECK DATA OR TO OBTAIN OUTPUT?
ENTER 1 FOR CLIMATOLOGIC INPUT,
2 FOR SOIL OR DESIGN DATA INPUT,
3 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN DETAILED OUTPUT,
4 TO STOP THE PROGRAM, AND
5 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN ONLY SUMMARY OUTPUT.
1.2 DO YOU WANT TO USE DEFAULT CLIMATOLOGIC DATA?
ENTER YES OR NO.
YES
56
-------
2.1 DO YOU WANT A LIST OF DEFAULT CITIES?
ENTER YES OR NO.
YES
DEFAULT DATA ARE PROVIDED ONLY FOR THE FOLLOWING CITIES AND STATES
ALASKA
ANNETTE
BETHEL
FAIRBANKS
ARIZONA
FLAGSTAFF
PHOENIX
TUCSON
ARKANSAS
LITTLE ROCK
CALIFORNIA
FRESNO
LOS ANGELES
SACRAMENTO
SAN DIEGO
SANTA MARIA
COLORADO
DENVER
GRAND JUNCTION
CONNECTICUT
BRIDGEPORT
HARTFORD
NEW HAVEN
FLORIDA
JACKSONVILLE
MIAMI
ORLANDO
TALLAHASSEE
TAMPA
W. PALM BEACH
GEORGIA
ATLANTA
WATKINSVILLE
HAWAII
HONOLULU
IDAHO
BOISE
POCATELLO
ILLINOIS
CHICAGO
E. ST. LOUIS
INDIANA
INDIANAPOLIS
IOWA
DBS MOINES
KANSAS
DODGE CITY
TOPEKA
KENTUCKY
LEXINGTON
LOUISIANA
LAKE CHARLES
NEW ORLEANS
SHREVEPORT
MAINE
AUGUSTA
BANGOR
CARIBOU
PORTLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
BOSTON
PLAINFIELD
WORCESTER
MICHIGAN
E. LANSING
SAULT STE. MARIE
MINNESOTA
ST. CLOUD
MISSOURI
COLUMBIA
MONTANA
GLASGOW
GREAT FALLS
NEBRASKA
GRAND ISLAND
NORTH OMAHA
NEVADA
ELY
LAS VEGAS
NEW HAMPSHIRE
CONCORD
NASHUA
NEW JERSEY
EDISON
SEABROOK
NEW MEXICO
ALBUQUERQUE
NEW YORK
CENTRAL PARK
ITHACA
NEW YORK CITY
SCHENECTADY
SYRACUS E
NORTH CAROLINA
GREENSBORO
NORTH DAKOTA
BISMARCK
OHIO
CINCINNATI
CLEVELAND
COLUMBUS
PUT-IN-BAY
OKLAHOMA
OKLAHOMA CITY
TULSA
OREGON
ASTORIA
MEDFORD
PORTLAND
PENNSYLVANIA
PHILADELPHIA
PITTSBURGH
RHODE ISLAND
PROVIDENCE
SOUTH CAROLINA
CHARLESTON
SOUTH DAKOTA
RAPID CITY
TENNESSEE
KNOXVILLE
NASHVILLE
TEXAS
BROWNSVILLE
DALLAS
EL PASO
MIDLAND
SAN ANTONIO
UTAH
CEDAR CITY
SALT LAKE CITY
VERMONT
BURLINGTON
MONTPELIER
RUTLAND
VIRGINIA
LYNCHBURG
NORFOLK
WASHINGTON
PULLMAN
SEATTLE
YAKIMA
WISCONSIN
MADISON
WYOMING
CHEYENNE
LANDER
PUERTO RICO
SAN JUAN
2.2 ENTER NAME OF STATE OF INTEREST
LOUISIANA
57
-------
2.4 ENTER NAME OF CITY OF INTEREST
NEW ORLEANS
2.6 SELECT THE TYPE OF VEGETATIVE COVER
ENTER NUMBER 1 FOR BARE GROUND
2 FOR EXCELLENT GRASS
3 FOR GOOD GRASS
4 FOR FAIR GRASS
5 FOR POOR GRASS
6 FOR GOOD ROW CROPS
7 FOR FAIR ROW CROPS
1
2.8 IF YOU ARE USING DEFAULT SOIL DATA AND THIS VEGETATION
TYPE IS NOT THE SAME AS USED IN THE DEFAULT SOIL DATA INPUT,
YOU SHOULD ENTER THE SOIL DATA AGAIN OR CORRECT THE SCS
RUNOFF CURVE NUMBER.
2.9 ENTER THE EVAPORATIVE ZONE DEPTH IN INCHES.
CONSERVATIVE VALUES ARE:
4 IN. FOR BAREGROUND
10 IN. FOR FAIR GRASS
18 IN. FOR EXCELLENT GRASS
1.1 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER OR CHECK DATA OR TO OBTAIN OUTPUT?
ENTER 1 FOR CLIMATOLOGIC INPUT,
2 FOR SOIL OR DESIGN DATA INPUT,
3 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN DETAILED OUTPUT,
4 TO STOP THE PROGRAM, AND
5 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN ONLY SUMMARY OUTPUT.
1.3 DO YOU WANT TO USE DEFAULT SOIL DATA?
ENTER YES OR NO.
YES
58
-------
USE ONLY ENGLISH UNITS OF INCHES AND DAYS
UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED
#############################ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS############################
**********************************************
A VALUE **MUST** BE ENTERED FOR EACH COMMAND
EVEN WHEN THE VALUE IS ZERO.
4.1 ENTER TITLE ON LINE 1,
ENTER LOCATION OF SOLID WASTE SITE ON LINE 2,
AND ENTER TODAY'S DATE ON LINE 3.
TEST CASE 1
NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA
AUGUST 26, 1983
4.2 FOUR TYPES OF LAYERS MAY BE USED IN THE DESIGN:
VERTICAL PERCOLATION, LATERAL DRAINAGE, BARRIER SOIL, AND WASTE.
LATERAL DRAINAGE IS NOT PERMITTED FROM A VERTICAL PERCOLATION
LAYER.
BOTH VERTICAL AND LATERAL DRAINAGE ARE PERMITTED FROM A LATERAL
DRAINAGE LAYER.
A BARRIER SOIL LAYER SHOULD BE DESIGNED TO INHIBIT PERCOLATION.
AN IMPERMEABLE LINER MAY BE USED ON TOP OF ANY BARRIER SOIL LAYER.
THE WASTE LAYER SHOULD BE DESIGNED TO PERMIT RAPID DRAINAGE
FROM THE WASTE LAYER.
RULES:
THE TOP LAYER CANNOT BE A BARRIER SOIL LAYER.
A BARRIER SOIL LAYER MAY NOT BE PLACED ADJACENT TO ANOTHER
BARRIER SOIL LAYER.
ONLY A BARRIER SOIL LAYER OR ANOTHER LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER MAY BE
PLACED DIRECTLY BELOW A LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER.
YOU MAY USE UP TO 9 LAYERS AND UP TO 3 BARRIER SOIL LAYERS.
ENTER THE NUMBER OF LAYERS IN YOUR DESIGN.
3
4.3 THE LAYERS ARE NUMBERED SUCH THAT
SOIL LAYER 1 IS THE TOP LAYER
AND SOIL LAYER 3 IS THE BOTTOM LAYER.
59
-------
4.6 IS THE TOP LAYER AN UNVEGETATED SAND OR GRAVEL LAYER?
ENTER YES OR NO.
NO
4.7 ENTER THICKNESS OF SOIL LAYER 1 IN INCHES.
60
4.9 ENTER THE LAYER TYPE FOR LAYER 1.
4.10 ENTER 1 FOR A VERTICAL PERCOLATION LAYER,
2 FOR A LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER,
3 FOR A BARRIER SOIL LAYER,
4 FOR A WASTE LAYER, AND
5 FOR A BARRIER SOIL LAYER WITH
AN IMPERMEABLE LINER.
4
4.15 ENTER SOIL TEXTURE OF SOIL LAYER 1.
4.16 ENTER A NUMBER (1 THROUGH 23) FOR TEXTURE CLASS OF SOIL MATERIAL.
**CHECK USER'S GUIDE FOR NUMBER CORRESPONDING TO SOIL TYPE.**
4.23 IS SOIL LAYER 1 COMPACTED?
ENTER YES OR NO.
4.24 THE VEGETATIVE SOIL LAYER IS GENERALLY NOT COMPACTED.
NO
4.7 ENTER THICKNESS OF SOIL LAYER 2 IN INCHES.
12
4.9 ENTER THE LAYER TYPE FOR LAYER 2.
2
4.15 ENTER SOIL TEXTURE OF SOIL LAYER 2.
1
4.23 IS SOIL LAYER 2 COMPACTED?
ENTER YES OR NO.
NO
60
-------
4.7 ENTER THICKNESS OF SOIL LAYER 3 IN INCHES.
24
4.9 ENTER THE LAYER TYPE FOR LAYER 3.
3
4.15 ENTER SOIL TEXTURE OF SOIL LAYER 3.
20
7.1 ENTER THE SCS RUNOFF CURVE NUMBER FOR THE SOIL TEXTURE AND AVERAGE
MOISTURE CONDITION OF THE TOP WASTE LAYER.
(BETWEEN 15 AND 100)
65
7.2 WHAT FRACTION OF THE DAILY POTENTIAL RUNOFF DRAINS FROM THE
SURFACE OF THE WASTE LAYER?
ENTER BETWEEN 0 AND 1.
.8
6.1 ENTER THE TOTAL AREA OF THE SURFACE, IN SQUARE FEET.
231000
6.2 ENTER THE SLOPE AT THE BASE OF SOIL LAYER 2, IN PERCENT.
6.3 ENTER THE MAXIMUM DRAINAGE DISTANCE ALONG THE SLOPE
TO THE COLLECTOR, IN FEET.
25
1.1 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER OR CHECK DATA OR TO OBTAIN OUTPUT?
ENTER 1 FOR CLIMATOLOGIC INPUT,
2 FOR SOIL OR DESIGN DATA INPUT,
3 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN DETAILED OUTPUT,
4 TO STOP THE PROGRAM, AND
5 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN ONLY SUMMARY OUTPUT.
61
-------
11.1 HOW MANY YEARS OF OUTPUT DO YOU WANT?
(BETWEEN 2 AND 5 YEARS MAY BE USED.)
5
11.2 DO YOU WANT DAILY OUTPUT?
ENTER YES OR NO.
NO
11.3 DO YOU WANT MONTHLY TOTALS?
ENTER YES OR NO.
NO
TEST CASE 1
NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA
AUGUST 26, 1983
BARE GROUND
LAYER 1
WASTE LAYER
THICKNESS = 60.00 INCHES
EVAPORATION COEFFICIENT = 3.00 MM/DAY**0.5
POROSITY = 0.3510 VOL/VOL
FIELD CAPCITY = 0.1740 VOL/VOL
WILTING POINT = 0.1070 VOL/VOL
EFFECTIVE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY = 11.9499998 INCHES/HR
62
-------
LAYER 2
LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER
SLOPE
DRAINAGE LENGTH
THICKNESS
EVAPORATION COEFFICIENT
POROSITY
FIELD CAPACITY
WILTING POINT
EFFECTIVE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY
2.00 PERCENT
25.0 FEET
12.00 INCHES
3.300 MM/DAY**0.5
0.3510 VOL/VOL
0.1740 VOL/VOL
0.1070 VOL/VOL
11.9499998 INCHES/HR
LAYER 3
BARRIER SOIL LAYER
THICKNESS
EVAPORATION COEFFICIENT
POROSITY
FIELD CAPACITY
WILTING POINT
EFFECTIVE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY
24.00 INCHES
3.100 MM/DAY**0.5
0.5200 VOL/VOL
0.4500 VOL/VOL
3.600 VOL/VOL
0.00014200 INCHES/HR
GENERAL SIMULATION DATA
SCS RUNOFF CURVE NUMBER
TOTAL AREA OF COVER
EVAPORATIVE ZONE DEPTH
POTENTIAL RUNOFF FRACTION
EFFECTIVE EVAPORATION COEFFICIENT
UPPER LIMIT VEG. STORAGE
INITIAL VEG. STORAGE
65.00
231000. SQ.
FT
4.00 INCHES
0.800000
3.300 MM/DAY**0.5
1.4040 INCHES
0.5620 INCHES
CLIMATOLOGIC DATA FOR
NEW ORLEANS
LOUISIANA
63
-------
JAN/JUL
MONTHLY MEAN TEMPERATURES, DEGREES FAHRENHEIT
FEB/AUG MAR/SEP APR/OCT MAY/NOV
JAN/JUL
MONTHLY MEANS SOLAR RADIATION, LANGLEYS PER DAY
FEB/AUG MAR/SEP APR/OCT MAY/NOV
LEAF AREA INDEX TABLE
DATE
LAI
1
44
74
105
135
165
196
226
256
286
317
347
366
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
BARE GROUND
WINTER COVER FACTOR =0.0
ANNUAL TOTALS FOR 74
JUN/DEC
53.30
83.37
55.00
81.66
60.28
76.39
67.71
68.95
75.31
61.35
81.04
55.62
JUN/DEC
236.64
456.86
268.52
424.98
321.36
372.14
381.00
312.50
431.47
262.03
459.23
234.27
PRECIPITATION
(INCHES)
72.79
(CU. FT.)
1401194.
PERCENT
100.0
64
-------
RUNOFF
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
PERCOLATION FROM BASE OF LANDFIL1
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF LANDFILL
SOIL WATER AT START OF YEAR
SOIL WATER AT END OF YEAR
SNOW WATER AT START OF YEAR
SNOW WATER AT END OF YEAR
ANNUAL WATER BUDGET BALANCE
•je-k-ie'tfifk'k-b-ie-k'k-lfifb'k'le'k-le-le-lfie-k'lfk-ifk'le-ie-lfk-k'je-k-k'it
«7*7%Wrtrt7*rtrtrtrt7\«rt7v*Vrt^7*?*7*7*rt«7*7*7V#%7Vrtrt7V«7\7^
•ie^f3eiltfe3e'le'lf3f4e'ifit3e'lt'lf3e'it'ie4f'k'ie4t3e'lflf'if'k'if'4e'lfie'iflf'3e3e
«7*?VrtrtrtrtW7%rtW«7Vrtrt7V7*7*7V«rt7V7tWrt7\715rt7\?15rt7V*s«7>
ANNUAL
PRECIPITATION
RUNOFF
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
PERCOLATION FROM BASE OF LANDFILL
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF LANDFILL
SOIL WATER AT START OF YEAR
0.372 7153.
17.187 330844.
1.5299 29450.
53.621 1032197.
23.19 446484.
23.27 448002.
0.0 0.
0.0 0.
0.00 33.
••k-le-Jfk'k-lf'le'le-lfie-jfle-le-lfle-lfk-k-k'k-Je-le-k'&'ifie'lflfle'ififi
>7\7v**7s7vrtrtrt7*7S7Vrtrt/v7*rt7Vrtrt7T**7v7v7v7*7V7v7s7\7%rtJ
"ifjfk'if4e'&tlt>ifje'iert7\?T3Vrt7v7s«rt/*3llC«rt7*rt7*rt7%rt3*71Si
TOTALS FOR 75
(INCHES) (CU. FT.)
80.50 1549610.
2.175 41872.
19.802 381196.
1.5465 29770.
56.052 1078996.
23.27 448002.
0.51
23.61
2.10
73.67
73.67
0.00
***********
fc**********
PERCENT
100.00
2.70
24.60
1.92
69.63
65
-------
SOIL WATER AT END OF YEAR
SNOW WATER AT START OF YEAR
SNOW WATER AT END OF YEAR
ANNUAL WATER BUDGET BALANCE
***********************************
***********************************
ANNUAL
PRECIPITATION
RUNOFF
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
PERCOLATION FROM BASE OF LANDFILL
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF LANDFILL
SOIL WATER AT START OF YEAR
SOIL WATER AT END OF YEAR
SNOW WATER AT START OF YEAR
SNOW WATER AT END OF YEAR
ANNUAL WATER BUDGET BALANCE
24.19 465752.
0.0 0.
0.0 0.
0.0 27.
********************************
***************************&**£^
TOTALS FOR 76
(INCHES) (CU. FT.)
47.36 911673.
0.0 0.
13.500 259884.
1.4087 27117.
33.022 635672.
24.19 465752.
23.62 454732.
0.0 0.
0.0 0.
0.00 19.
0.00
c**********
c**********
PERCENT
100.0
0.0
28.51
2.97
69.73
0.00
66
-------
*****************************************************************************
ANNUAL TOTALS FOR 77
PRECIPITATION
RUNOFF
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
PERCOLATION FROM BASE OF LANDFILL
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF LANDFILL
SOIL WATER AT START OF YEAR
SOIL WATER AT END OF YEAR
SNOW WATER AT START OF YEAR
SNOW WATER AT END OF YEAR
ANNUAL WATER BUDGET BALANCE
(INCHES)
72.81
0.627
18.912
1.5354
50.636
23.62
24.72
0.0
0.0
0.00
(CU. FT.)
1401578.
12078.
364058.
29557.
974736.
454732.
475857.
0.
0.
25.
PERCENT
100.0
0.86
25.97
2.11
69.55
0.00
*****************************************************************************
*****************************************************************************
ANNUAL TOTALS FOR 78
PRECIPITATION
(INCHES)
76.85
(CU. FT.)
1479348.
PERCENT
100.0
67
-------
RUNOFF 1.532
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION 16.446
PERCOLATION FROM BASE OF LANDFILL 1.4951
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF LANDFILL 58.741
SOIL WATER AT START OF YEAR 24.72
SOIL WATER AT END OF YEAR 23.35
SNOW WATER AT START OF YEAR 0.0
SNOW WATER AT END OF YEAR 0.0
ANNUAL WATER BUDGET BALANCE 0.00
29492.
316594.
28781.
1130766.
475857.
449539.
0.
0.
32.
1.99
21.40
1.95
76.44
0.00
AVERAGE MONTHLY TOTALS FOR 74 THROUGH 78
JAN/JUL FEB/AUG MAR/SEP APR/OCT MAY/NOV JUN/DEC
PRECIPITATION (INCHES)
RUNOFF (INCHES)
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
(INCHES)
6.54
6.58
0.060
0.012
1.098
2.690
3.66
9.84
0.025
0.153
0.730
2.699
4.37
5.91
0.047
0.088
1.062
1.605
4.55
3.16
0.033
0.0
0.873
0.577
7.01
7.12
0.165
0.359
1.595
1.180
5.95
5.37
0.0
0.000
2.188
0.870
68
-------
PERCOLATION FROM BASE
OF LANDFILL (INCHES)
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF
LANDFILL (INCHES)
0.1324
0.1288
5.315
4.157
0.1187
0.1339
3.302
6.611
0.1228
0.1201
3.010
4.560
0.1216
0.1197
3.407
2.277
0.1257
0.1228
5.003
4.683
0.1236
0.1331
3.332
4.921
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL
PRECIPITATION
RUNOFF
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
PERCOLATION FROM BASE
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF
FOR 74 THROUGH 78
(INCHES)
70.06
0.941
17.170
OF LANDFILL 1.5031
LANDFILL 50.414
(CU. FT.)
1348681.
18119.
330515.
28935.
970473.
PERCENT
100.0
1.34
24.51
2.15
71.96
69
-------
*****************************************************************************
PEAK DAILY VALUES FOR 74 THROUGH 78
PRECIPITATION
RUNOFF
PERCOLATION FROM BASE OF LANDFILL
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF LANDFILL
HEAD ON BASE OF LANDFILL
SNOW WATER
(INCHES)
8.52
1.793
0.0072
1.997
21.2
0.0
(CU. FT.)
164010.0
34522.6
139.5
38439.7
0.0
MAXIMUM VEG. SOIL WATER (VOL/VOL) 0.1553
MINIMUM VEG. SOIL WATER (VOL/VOL) 0.1070
*****************************************************************************
*****************************************************************************
1.1 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER OR CHECK DATA OR TO OBTAIN OUTPUT?
ENTER 1 FOR CLIMATOLOGIC INPUT,
2 FOR SOIL OR DESIGN DATA INPUT,
3 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN DETAILED OUTPUT,
4 TO STOP THE PROGRAM, AND
5 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN ONLY SUMMARY OUTPUT.
1.4 ENTER RUNHELP TO RERUN PROGRAM OR
ENTER LOGOFF TO LOGOFF COMPUTER SYSTEM
70
-------
Input/Output Listing for Test Case 2
* *
* HYDROLOGIC EVALUATION OF LANDFILL PERFORMANCE *
* HELP VERSION 1 *
* *
* WRITTEN BY *
* *
* PAUL R. SCHROEDER *
* AUGUST, 1983 *
* *
* OF THE *
* WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING GROUP *
* ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY *
* USAE WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION *
* P.O. BOX 631 *
* VICKSBURG, MS 39180 *
* *
* *
* USER'S GUIDE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST *
* FOR CONSULTATION CONTACT AUTHORS AT *
* (601) 634-3709 OR (601) 634-3710 *
* *
1.1 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER OR CHECK DATA OR TO OBTAIN OUTPUT?
ENTER 1 FOR CLIMATOLOGIC INPUT,
2 FOR SOIL OR DESIGN DATA INPUT,
3 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN DETAILED OUTPUT,
4 TO STOP THE PROGRAM, AND
5 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN ONLY SUMMARY OUTPUT,
1.2 DO YOU WANT TO USE DEFAULT CLIMATOLOGIC DATA?
ENTER YES OR NO.
YES
71
-------
2.1 DO YOU WANT A LIST OF DEFAULT CITIES?
ENTER YES OR NO.
NO
2.2 ENTER NAME OF STATE OF INTEREST
LOUISIANA
2.4 ENTER NAME OF CITY OF INTEREST
NEW ORLEANS
2.6 SELECT THE TYPE OF VEGETATIVE COVER
ENTER NUMBER 1 FOR BARE GROUND
2 FOR EXCELLENT GRASS
3 FOR GOOD GRASS
4 FOR FAIR GRASS
5 FOR POOR GRASS
6 FOR GOOD ROW CROPS
7 FOR FAIR ROW CROPS
2.8 IF YOU ARE USING DEFAULT SOIL DATA AND THIS VEGETATION
TYPE IS NOT THE SAME AS USED IN THE DEFAULT SOIL DATA INPUT,
YOU SHOULD ENTER THE SOIL DATA AGAIN OR CORRECT THE SCS
RUNOFF CURVE NUMBER.
2.9 ENTER THE EVAPORATIVE ZONE DEPTH IN INCHES.
CONSERVATIVE VALUES ARE:
4 IN. FOR BAREGROUND
10 IN. FOR FAIR GRASS
18 IN. FOR EXCELLENT GRASS
10
1.1 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER OR CHECK DATA OR TO OBTAIN OUTPUT?
ENTER 1 FOR CLIMATOLOGIC INPUT,
2 FOR SOIL OR DESIGN DATA INPUT,
3 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN DETAILED OUTPUT,
4 TO STOP THE PROGRAM, AND
5 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN ONLY SUMMARY OUTPUT.
72
-------
1.3 DO YOU WANT TO USE DEFAULT SOIL DATA?
ENTER YES OR NO.
YES
USE ONLY ENGLISH UNITS OF INCHES AND DAYS
UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED
#############################ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS############################
fe&£&&&&&&yc&&&&&&&&^fe&A&^&&^&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&^
A VALUE **MUST** BE ENTERED FOR EACH COMMAND
EVEN WHEN THE VALUE IS ZERO.
4.1 ENTER TITLE ON LINE 1,
ENTER LOCATION OF SOLID WASTE SITE ON LINE 2,
AND ENTER TODAY'S DATE ON LINE 3.
TEST CASE 2
NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA
AUGUST 26, 1983
4.2 FOUR TYPES OF LAYERS MAY BE USED IN THE DESIGN:
VERTICAL PERCOLATION, LATERAL DRAINAGE, BARRIER SOIL, AND WASTE.
LATERAL DRAINAGE IS NOT PERMITTED FROM A VERTICAL PERCOLATION
LAYER.
BOTH VERTICAL AND LATERAL DRAINAGE ARE PERMITTED FROM A LATERAL
DRAINAGE LAYER.
A BARRIER SOIL LAYER SHOULD BE DESIGNED TO INHIBIT PERCOLATION.
AN IMPERMEABLE LINER MAY BE USED ON TOP OF ANY BARRIER SOIL LAYER.
THE WASTE LAYER SHOULD BE DESIGNED TO PERMIT RAPID DRAINAGE
FROM THE WASTE LAYER.
RULES:
THE TOP LAYER CANNOT BE A BARRIER SOIL LAYER.
A BARRIER SOIL LAYER MAY NOT BE PLACED ADJACENT TO ANOTHER
BARRIER SOIL LAYER.
73
-------
ONLY A BARRIER SOIL LAYER OR ANOTHER LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER MAY BE
PLACED DIRECTLY BELOW A LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER.
YOU MAY USE UP TO 9 LAYERS AND UP TO 3 BARRIER SOIL LAYERS.
ENTER THE NUMBER OF LAYERS IN YOUR DESIGN.
3
4.3 THE LAYERS ARE NUMBERED SUCH THAT
SOIL LAYER 1 IS THE TOP LAYER
AND SOIL LAYER 3 IS THE BOTTOM LAYER.
4.6 IS THE TOP LAYER AN UNVEGETATED SAND OR GRAVEL LAYER?
ENTER YES OR NO.
NO
4.7 ENTER THICKNESS OF SOIL LAYER 1 IN INCHES.
24
4.9 ENTER THE LAYER TYPE FOR LAYER 1.
4.10 ENTER 1 FOR A VERTICAL PERCOLATION LAYER,
2 FOR A LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER,
3 FOR A BARRIER SOIL LAYER,
4 FOR A WASTE LAYER, AND
5 FOR A BARRIER SOIL LAYER WITH
AN IMPERMEABLE LINER.
1
4.15 ENTER SOIL TEXTURE OF SOIL LAYER 1.
4.16 ENTER A NUMBER (1 THROUGH 23) FOR TEXTURE CLASS OF SOIL MATERIAL.
**CHECK USER'S GUIDE FOR NUMBER CORRESPONDING TO SOIL TYPE.**
12
4.23 IS SOIL LAYER 1 COMPACTED?
ENTER YES OR NO.
4.24 THE VEGETATIVE SOIL LAYER IS GENERALLY NOT COMPACTED
NO
74
-------
4.7 ENTER THICKNESS OF SOIL LAYER 2 IN INCHES.
12
4.9 ENTER THE LAYER TYPE FOR LAYER 2.
2
4.15 ENTER SOIL TEXTURE OF SOIL LAYER 2.
1
4.23 IS SOIL LAYER 2 COMPACTED?
ENTER YES OR NO.
NO
4.7 ENTER THICKNESS OF SOIL LAYER 3 IN INCHES,
24
4.9 ENTER THE LAYER TYPE FOR LAYER 3.
3
4.15 ENTER SOIL TEXTURE OF SOIL LAYER 3.
20
4.30 SELECT THE TYPE OF VEGETATIVE COVER.
ENTER NUMBER 1 FOR BARE GROUND
2 FOR EXCELLENT GRASS
3 FOR GOOD GRASS
4 FOR FAIR GRASS
5 FOR POOR GRASS
6 FOR GOOD ROW CROPS
7 FOR FAIR ROW CROPS
4.32 IF YOU ARE USING DEFAULT CLIMATOLOGIC DATA AND
THIS VEGETATION TYPE IS NOT THE SAME USED IN
THE CLIMATOLOGIC DATA INPUT, YOU SHOULD
ENTER THE CLIMATOLOGIC DATA AGAIN.
4.33 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER A RUNOFF CURVE
NUMBER AND OVERRIDE THE DEFAULT VALUE?
ENTER YES OR NO.
NO
75
-------
6.1 ENTER THE TOTAL AREA OF THE SURFACE, IN SQUARE FEET.
231000
6.2 ENTER THE SLOPE AT THE BASE OF SOIL LAYER 2, IN PERCENT.
6.3 ENTER THE MAXIMUM DRAINAGE DISTANCE ALONG THE SLOPE
TO THE COLLECTOR, IN FEET.
175
1.1 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER OR CHECK DATA OR TO OBTAIN OUTPUT?
ENTER 1 FOR CLIMATOLOGIC INPUT,
2 FOR SOIL OR DESIGN DATA INPUT,
3 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN DETAILED OUTPUT,
4 TO STOP THE PROGRAM, AND
5 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN ONLY SUMMARY OUTPUT.
11.1 HOW MANY YEARS OF OUTPUT DO YOU WANT?
(BETWEEN 2 AND 5 YEARS MAY BE USED.)
5
11.2 DO YOU WANT DAILY OUTPUT?
ENTER YES OR NO.
NO
11.3 DO YOU WANT MONTHLY TOTALS?
ENTER YES OR NO.
YES
76
-------
TEST CASE 2
NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA
AUGUST 26, 1983
*****************************************************************************
*****************************************************************************
FAIR GRASS
LAYER 1
VERTICAL PERCOLATION LAYER
THICKNESS
EVAPORATION COEFFICIENT
POROSITY
FIELD CAPACITY
WILTING POINT
EFFECTIVE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY
24.00 INCHES
5.000 MM/DAY**0.5
0.5350 VOL/VOL
0.4210 VOL/VOL
0.2220 VOL/VOL
0.33000004 INCHES/HR
LAYER 2
LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER
SLOPE
DRAINAGE LENGTH
THICKNESS
EVAPORATION COEFFICIENT
POROSITY
FIELD CAPACITY
WILTING POINT
EFFECTIVE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY
3.00 PERCENT
175.0 FEET
12.00 INCHES
3.300 MM/DAY**0.5
0.3510 VOL/VOL
0.1740 VOL/VOL
0.1070 VOL/VOL
11.9499998 INCHES/HR
77
-------
LAYER 3
BARRIER SOIL LAYER
THICKNESS
EVAPORATION COEFFICIENT
POROSITY
FIELD CAPACITY
WILTING POINT
EFFECTIVE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY
24.00 INCHES
3.100 MM/DAY**0.5
0.5200 VOL/VOL
0.4500 VOL/VOL
3.600 VOL/VOL
0.00014200 INCHES/HR
GENERAL SIMULATION DATA
SCS RUNOFF CURVE NUMBER
TOTAL AREA OF COVER
EVAPORATIVE ZONE DEPTH
EFFECTIVE EVAPORATION COEFFICIENT
UPPER LIMIT VEG. STORAGE
INITIAL VEG. STORAGE
81.28
231000. SQ. FT
10.00 INCHES
5.000 MM/DAY**0.5
5.3500 INCHES
3.2150 INCHES
CLIMATOLOGIC DATA FOR NEW ORLEANS LOUISIANA
MONTHLY MEAN TEMPERATURES, DEGREES FAHRENHEIT
JAN/JUL
53.30
83.37
JAN/JUL
236.64
456.86
FEB/AUG
55.00
81.66
MAR/SEP
60.28
76.39
APR/OCT
67.71
68.95
MAY/NOV
75.31
61.35
MONTHLY MEANS SOLAR RADIATION, LANGLEYS PER DAY
FEB/AUG MAR/SEP APR/OCT MAY/NOV
268.52
424.98
321.36
372.14
381.00
312.50
LEAF AREA INDEX TABLE
DATE LAI
1
44
74
0.0
0.0
0.61
431.47
262.03
JUN/DEC
81.04
55.62
JUN/DEC
459.23
234.27
78
-------
105 0.99
135 0.99
165 0.99
196 0.99
226 0.99
256 0.89
286 0.65
317 0.32
347 0.16
366 0.0
FAIR GRASS
WINTER COVER FACTOR =0.60
MONTHLY TOTALS FOR 74
JAN/JUL FEB/AUG MAR/SEP APR/OCT MAY/NOV JUN/DEC
PRECIPITATION (INCHES) 8.46 5.53 6.64 5.52 9.84 3.83
5.66 6.70 7.58 2.26 5.88 4.89
RUNOFF (INCHES) 1.903 2.111 1.554 1.088 1.508 0.023
0.005 0.135 0.809 0.003 0.345 0.648
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION 2.605 2.297 2.809 4.196 5.118 4.556
(INCHES) 5.328 5.602 4.891 1.730 3.323 2.497
PERCOLATION FROM BASE 0.1050 0.1801 0.1497 0.1620 0.1572 0.1518
OF COVER (INCHES) 0.1385 0.1299 0.1306 0.1375 0.1251 0.1611
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF 0.590 2.239 1.439 1.953 1.677 1.408
COVER (INCHES) 0.634 0.406 0.783 0.543 0.425 1.868
79
-------
ANNUAL
PRECIPITATION
RUNOFF
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
PERCOLATION FROM BASE OF COVER
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF COVER
SOIL WATER AT START OF YEAR
SOIL WATER AT END OF YEAR
SNOW WATER AT START OF YEAR
SNOW WATER AT END OF YEAR
ANNUAL WATER BUDGET BALANCE
TOTALS FOR 74
(INCHES)
72.79
10.131
44.950
1.7283
13.966
22.00
24.01
0.0
0.0
0.00
(CU. FT.)
1401194.
195030.
865292.
33270.
268840.
423442.
462181.
0.
0.
23.
PERCENT
100.0
13.92
61.75
2.37
19.19
0.00
MONTHLY TOTALS FOR 75
80
-------
JAN/JUL FEB/AUG MAR/SEP APR/OCT MAY/NOV JUN/DEC
PRECIPITATION (INCHES) 2.95 3.64 5.32 6.69 8.03 12.28
8.35 10.11 3.97 4.00 11.35 3.81
RUNOFF (INCHES)
0.039
0.644
0.226
3.138
0.560
0.089
1.273
0.844
1.
4.
155
980
1.355
0.027
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION 2.139 2.067 3.701 3.753 5.116 6.634
(INCHES) 6.240 5.485 3.926 1.912 2.640 2.413
PERCOLATION FROM BASE 0.1530 0.1258 0.1532 0.1424 0.1371 0.1745
OF COVER (INCHES) 0.2264 0.2149 0.1539 0.1454 0.1627 0.1424
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF 1.508 0.779 1.425 1.011 0.690 1.988
COVER (INCHES) 2.689 2.575 1.670 0.901 1.843 1.071
PRECIPITATION
RUNOFF
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
(INCHES)
80.50
14.330
46.024
(CU. FT.)
1549610.
275858.
885967.
PERCENT
100.00
17.80
57.17
81
-------
PERCOLATION FROM BASE OF COVER
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF COVER
SOIL WATER AT START OF YEAR
SOIL WATER AT END OF YEAR
SNOW WATER AT START OF YEAR
SNOW WATER AT END OF YEAR
ANNUAL WATER BUDGET BALANCE
1.9313
18.159
24.01
24.06
0.0
0.0
0.00
37178.
349561.
462181.
463198.
0.
0.
29.
2.40
22.56
0.00
MONTHLY TOTALS FOR 76
JAN/JUL FEB/AUG MAR/SEP APR/OCT MAY/NOV JUN/DEC
PRECIPITATION (INCHES) 2.61 3.85 3.08 0.28 5.58 3.36
5.67 1.69 1.57 5.08 5.80 8.79
RUNOFF (INCHES)
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
(INCHES)
0.107
0.0
2.090
5.171
0.573
0.028
2.260
2.260
0.0
0.0
2.597
1.502
0.0
0.415
1.425
2.191
0.074
0.712
4.862
2.738
0.000
2.150
2.589
2.535
82
-------
PERCOLATION FROM BASE
OF COVER (INCHES)
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF
COVER (INCHES)
0.1436
0.1197
0.821
0.195
0.1383
0.1309
1.366
0.164
0.1379
0.0893
0.674
0.010
0.1325
0.0722
0.302
0.054
0.1246
0.1263
0.274
0.685
0.1406
0.1974
0.234
2.388
ANNUAL 1
PRECIPITATION
RUNOFF
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
PERCOLATION FROM BASE OF COVER
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF COVER
SOIL WATER AT START OF YEAR
SOIL WATER AT END OF YEAR
SNOW WATER AT START OF YEAR
SNOW WATER AT END OF YEAR
ANNUAL WATER BUDGET BALANCE
:OTALS FOR 7(
(INCHES)
47.36
4.059
32.220
1.5532
7.165
24.06
26.42
0.0
0.0
0.00
(CU. FT.)
911673.
78129.
620229.
29900.
137924.
463198.
508669.
0.
0.
20.
PERCENT
100.0
8.57
68.03
3.28
15.13
0.00
83
-------
MONTHLY TOTALS FOR 77
JAN/JUL FEB/AUG MAR/SEP APR/OCT MAY/NOV JUN/DEC
PRECIPITATION (INCHES) 5.31 3.08 3.54 6.80 1.87 2.46
2.91 16.02 13.44 4.47 7.89 5.02
RUNOFF (INCHES) 0.281 0.185 0.106 1.803 0.033 0.0
0.0 2.947 6.582 0.396 0.600 0.690
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION 2.439 1.925 3.475 3.180 2.272 2.323
(INCHES) 2.772 6.509 5.045 3.304 3.130 2.428
PERCOLATION FROM BASE 0.2362 0.1734 0.1604 0.1386 0.1479 0.1365
OF COVER (INCHES) 0.1493 0.1379 0.2400 0.1854 0.1562 0.1878
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF 2.779 2.152 1.813 1.025 1.122 0.378
COVER (INCHES) 0.120 0.794 2.767 2.327 1.761 2.334
ANNUAL TOTALS FOR 77
84
-------
PRECIPITATION
RUNOFF
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
PERCOLATION FROM BASE OF COVER
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF COVER
SOIL WATER AT START OF YEAR
SOIL WATER AT END OF YEAR
SNOW WATER AT START OF YEAR
SNOW WATER AT END OF YEAR
ANNUAL WATER BUDGET BALANCE
.(INCHES)
72.81
13.623
38.800
2.0497
19.371
26.42
25.39
0.0
0.0
0.00
(CU. FT.)
1401578.
262249.
746894.
39457.
372891.
508669.
488730.
0.
0.
27.
PERCENT
100.0
18.71
53.29
2.82
26.61
0.00
MONTHLY TOTALS FOR 78
JAN/JUL FEB/AUG MAR/SEP APR/OCT MAY/NOV JUN/DEC
PRECIPITATION (INCHES) 13.37 2.18 3.29 3.44 9.71 7.83
10.32 14.70 2.98 0.0 4.67 4.36
85
-------
RUNOFF (INCHES)
5.843
1.635
0.468
4.073
0.113
0.008
0.625
0.0
3.193
0.913
0.801
0.823
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION 2.565 2.289 3.036 2.744 5.010 4.544
(INCHES) 6.719 5.871 3.769 0.898 0.973 2.473
PERCOLATION FROM BASE 0.2095 0.2058 0.1616 0.1419 0.1497 0.1388
OF COVER (INCHES) 0.1492 0.1644 0.1796 0.1449 0.1324 0.1505
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF 2.555 2.445 1.851 0.888 1.131 0.504
COVER (INCHES) 1.637 1.753 2.183 0.949 0.324 1.355
PRECIPITATION
RUNOFF
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
PERCOLATION FROM BASE OF COVER
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF COVER
SOIL WATER AT START OF YEAR
SOIL WATER AT END OF YEAR
(INCHES)
76.85
18.495
40.889
1.9283
17.575
25.39
23.35
(CU. FT.)
1479348.
356035.
787115.
37120.
338324.
488730.
449458.
PERCENT
100.00
24.07
53.21
2.51
22.87
86
-------
SNOW WATER AT START OF YEAR 0.0 0.
SNOW WATER AT END OF YEAR 0.0 0.
ANNUAL WATER BUDGET BALANCE 0.00 28. 0.00
AVERAGE MONTHLY TOTALS FOR 74 THROUGH 78
JAN/JUL FEB/AUG MAR/SEP APR/OCT MAY/NOV JUN/DEC
PRECIPITATION (INCHES) 6.54 3.66 4.37 4.55 7.01 5.95
6.58 9.84 5.91 3.16 7.12 5.37
RUNOFF (INCHES) 1.635 0.712 0.467 0.958 1.193 0.436
0.457 2.064 1.498 0.332 1.510 0.868
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION 2.368 2.168 3.124 3.060 4.476 4.129
(INCHES) 5.246 5.145 3.826 2.007 2.561 2.469
PERCOLATION FROM BASE 0.1695 0.1647 0.1526 0.1435 0.1433 0.1484
OF COVER (INCHES) 0.1566 0.1556 0.1587 0.1371 0.1405 0.1678
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF 1.651 1.796 1.440 1.036 0.979 0.905
COVER (INCHES) 1.055 1.138 1.482 0.955 1.008 1.803
87
-------
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTALS FOR
74 THROUGH 78
(INCHES^
70.06
12.128
40.577
1.8382
15.247
PRECIPITATION
RUNOFF
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
PERCOLATION FROM BASE OF COVER
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF COVER
(CU. FTO
1348681.
233460.
781099.
35385.
293508.
PERCENT
100.00
17.31
57.92
2.62
21.76
PEAK DAILY VALUES FOR
PRECIPITATION
RUNOFF
PERCOLATION FROM BASE OF COVER
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF COVER
HEAD ON BASE OF COVER
SNOW WATER
74 THROUGH 78
CINCHES)
8.52
4.818
0.0122
0.144
36.0
0.0
(CU. FT.)
164010.0
92753.7
234.6
2772.9
0.0
88
-------
MAXIMUM VEG. SOIL WATER (VOL/VOL) 0.5350
MINIMUM VEG. SOIL WATER (VOL/VOL) 0.2220
1.1 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER OR CHECK DATA OR TO OBTAIN OUTPUT?
ENTER 1 FOR CLIMATOLOGIC INPUT,
2 FOR SOIL OR DESIGN DATA INPUT,
3 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN DETAILED OUTPUT,
4 TO STOP THE PROGRAM, AND
5 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN ONLY SUMMARY OUTPUT.
1.4 ENTER RUNHELP TO RERUN PROGRAM OR
ENTER LOGOFF TO LOGOFF COMPUTER SYSTEM
89
-------
Input/Output Listing for Test Case 3
* *
* HYDROLOGIC EVALUATION OF LANDFILL PERFORMANCE *
* HELP VERSION 1 *
* *
* WRITTEN BY *
* *
* PAUL R. SCHROEDER *
* AUGUST, 1983 *
* *
* OF THE *
* WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING GROUP *
* ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY *
* USAE WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION *
* P.O. BOX 631 *
* VICKSBURG, MS 39180 *
* *
* *
* USER'S GUIDE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST *
* FOR CONSULTATION CONTACT AUTHORS AT *
* (601) 634-3709 OR (601) 634-3710 *
* *
*****************************************************************************
1.1 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER OR CHECK DATA OR TO OBTAIN OUTPUT?
ENTER 1 FOR CLIMATOLOGIC INPUT,
2 FOR SOIL OR DESIGN DATA INPUT,
3 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN DETAILED OUTPUT,
4 TO STOP THE PROGRAM, AND
5 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN ONLY SUMMARY OUTPUT.
1.2 DO YOU WANT TO USE DEFAULT CLIMATOLOGIC DATA?
ENTER YES OR NO.
YES
90
-------
2.1 DO YOU WANT A LIST OF DEFAULT CITIES?
ENTER YES OR NO.
NO
2.2 ENTER NAME OF STATE OF INTEREST
LOUISIANA
2.4 ENTER NAME OF CITY OF INTEREST
NEW ORLEANS
2.6 SELECT THE TYPE OF VEGETATIVE COVER
ENTER NUMBER 1 FOR BARE GROUND
2 FOR EXCELLENT GRASS
3 FOR GOOD GRASS
4 FOR FAIR GRASS
5 FOR POOR GRASS
6 FOR GOOD ROW CROPS
7 FOR FAIR ROW CROPS
2.8 IF YOU ARE USING DEFAULT SOIL DATA AND THIS VEGETATION
TYPE IS NOT THE SAME AS USED IN THE DEFAULT SOIL DATA INPUT,
YOU SHOULD ENTER THE SOIL DATA AGAIN OR CORRECT THE SCS
RUNOFF CURVE NUMBER.
2.9 ENTER THE EVAPORATIVE ZONE DEPTH IN INCHES.
CONSERVATIVE VALUES ARE:
4 IN. FOR BAREGROUND
10 IN. FOR FAIR GRASS
18 IN. FOR EXCELLENT GRASS
10
1.1 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER OR CHECK DATA OR TO OBTAIN OUTPUT?
ENTER 1 FOR CLIMATOLOGIC INPUT,
2 FOR SOIL OR DESIGN DATA INPUT,
3 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN DETAILED OUTPUT,
4 TO STOP THE PROGRAM, AND
5 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN ONLY SUMMARY OUTPUT.
91
-------
1.3 DO YOU WANT TO USE DEFAULT SOIL DATA?
ENTER YES OR NO.
YES
USE ONLY ENGLISH UNITS OF INCHES AND DAYS
UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED
#############################ANSWER ALL
A VALUE **MUST** BE ENTERED FOR EACH COMMAND
EVEN WHEN THE VALUE IS ZERO.
4.1 ENTER TITLE ON LINE 1,
ENTER LOCATION OF SOLID WASTE SITE ON LINE 2,
AND ENTER TODAY'S DATE ON LINE 3.
TEST CASE 3
NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA
AUGUST 26, 1983
4.2 FOUR TYPES OF LAYERS MAY BE USED IN THE DESIGN:
VERTICAL PERCOLATION, LATERAL DRAINAGE, BARRIER SOIL, AND WASTE.
LATERAL DRAINAGE IS NOT PERMITTED FROM A VERTICAL PERCOLATION
LAYER.
BOTH VERTICAL AND LATERAL DRAINAGE ARE PERMITTED FROM A LATERAL
DRAINAGE LAYER.
A BARRIER SOIL LAYER SHOULD BE DESIGNED TO INHIBIT PERCOLATION.
AN IMPERMEABLE LINER MAY BE USED ON TOP OF ANY BARRIER SOIL LAYER.
THE WASTE LAYER SHOULD BE DESIGNED TO PERMIT RAPID DRAINAGE
FROM THE WASTE LAYER.
RULES:
THE TOP LAYER CANNOT BE A BARRIER SOIL LAYER.
A BARRIER SOIL LAYER MAY NOT BE PLACED ADJACENT TO ANOTHER
BARRIER SOIL LAYER.
92
-------
ONLY A BARRIER SOIL LAYER OR ANOTHER LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER MAY BE
PLACED DIRECTLY BELOW A LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER.
YOU MAY USE UP TO 9 LAYERS AND UP TO 3 BARRIER SOIL LAYERS.
ENTER THE NUMBER OF LAYERS IN YOUR DESIGN.
6
4.3 THE LAYERS ARE NUMBERED SUCH THAT
SOIL LAYER 1 IS THE TOP LAYER
AND SOIL LAYER 6 IS THE BOTTOM LAYER.
4.6 IS THE TOP LAYER AN UNVEGETATED SAND OR GRAVEL LAYER?
ENTER YES OR NO.
NO
4.7 ENTER THICKNESS OF SOIL LAYER 1 IN INCHES.
24
4.9 ENTER THE LAYER TYPE FOR LAYER 1.
4.10 ENTER 1 FOR A VERTICAL PERCOLATION LAYER,
2 FOR A LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER,
3 FOR A BARRIER SOIL LAYER,
4 FOR A WASTE LAYER, AND
5 FOR A BARRIER SOIL LAYER WITH
AN IMPERMEABLE LINER.
1
4.15 ENTER SOIL TEXTURE OF SOIL LAYER 1.
4.16 ENTER A NUMBER (1 THROUGH 23) FOR TEXTURE CLASS OF SOIL MATERIAL.
**CHECK USER'S GUIDE FOR NUMBER CORRESPONDING TO SOIL TYPE.**
12
4.23 IS SOIL LAYER 1 COMPACTED?
ENTER YES OR NO.
4.24 THE VEGETATIVE SOIL LAYER IS GENERALLY NOT COMPACTED.
NO
4.7 ENTER THICKNESS OF SOIL LAYER 2 IN INCHES.
12
93
-------
4.9 ENTER THE LAYER TYPE FOR LAYER 2.
2
4.15 ENTER SOIL TEXTURE OF SOIL LAYER 2.
1
4.23 IS SOIL LAYER 2 COMPACTED?
ENTER YES OR NO.
NO
4.7 ENTER THICKNESS OF SOIL LAYER 3 IN INCHES.
24
4.9 ENTER THE lAYER TYPE FOR LATER 3.
3
4.15 ENTER SOIL TEXTURE OF SOIL LAYER 3.
20
4.7 ENTER THICKNESS OF SOIL LAYER 4 IN INCHES.
60
4.9 ENTER THE LAYER TYPE FOR LAYER 4.
4
4.15 ENTER SOIL TEXTURE OF SOIL LAYER 4.
1
4.23 IS SOIL LAYER 4 COMPACTED?
ENTER YES OR NO.
NO
4.7 ENTER THICKNESS OF SOIL LAYER 5 IN INCHES.
12
4.9 ENTER THE LAYER TYPE FOR LAYER 5.
2
4.15 ENTER SOIL TEXTURE OF SOIL LAYER 5.
1
4.23 IS SOIL LAYER 5 COMPACTED?
ENTER YES OR NO.
94
-------
NO
4.7 ENTER THICKNESS OF SOIL LAYER 6 IN INCHES.
24
4.9 ENTER THE LAYER TYPE FOR LAYER 6.
3
4.15 ENTER SOIL TEXTURE OF SOIL LAYER 6.
20
4.33 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER A RUNOFF CURVE
NUMBER AND OVERRIDE THE DEFAULT VALUE?
ENTER YES OR NO.
NO
6.1 ENTER THE TOTAL AREA OF THE SURFACE, IN SQUARE FEET.
231000
6.2 ENTER THE SLOPE AT THE BASE OF SOIL LAYER 2, IN PERCENT.
6.3 ENTER THE MAXIMUM DRAINAGE DISTANCE ALONG THE SLOPE
TO THE COLLECTOR, IN FEET.
175
6.2 ENTER THE SLOPE AT THE BASE OF SOIL LAYER 5, IN PERCENT.
6.3 ENTER THE MAXIMUM DRAINAGE DISTANCE ALONG THE SLOPE
TO THE COLLECTOR, IN FEET.
25
1.1 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER OR CHECK DATA OR TO OBTAIN OUTPUT?
ENTER 1 FOR CLIMATOLOGIC INPUT,
2 FOR SOIL OR DESIGN DATA INPUT,
3 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN DETAILED OUTPUT,
4 TO STOP THE PROGRAM, AND
5 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN ONLY SUMMARY OUTPUT.
95
-------
11.1 HOW MANY YEARS OF OUTPUT DO YOU WANT?
(BETWEEN 2 AND 5 YEARS MAY BE USED.)
5
TEST CASE 3
NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA
AUGUST 26, 1983
FAIR GRASS
LAYER 1
VERTICAL PERCOLATION LAYER
THICKNESS
EVAPORATION COEFFICIENT
POROSITY
FIELD CAPACITY
WILTING POINT
EFFECTIVE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY
24.00 INCHES
5.000 MM/DAY**0.5
0.5350 VOL/VOL
0.4210 VOL/VOL
0.2220 VOL/VOL
0.33000004 INCHES/HR
96
-------
LAYER 2
LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER
SLOPE
DRAINAGE LENGTH
THICKNESS
EVAPORATION COEFFICIENT
POROSITY
FIELD CAPACITY
WILTING POINT
EFFECTIVE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY
3.00 PERCENT
175.0 FEET
12.00 INCHES
3.300 MM/DAY**0.5
0.3510 VOL/VOL
0.1740 VOL/VOL
0.1070 VOL/VOL
11.9499998 INCHES/HR
LAYER 3
BARRIER SOIL LAYER
THICKNESS
EVAPORATION COEFFICIENT
POROSITY
FIELD CAPACITY
WILTING POINT
EFFECTIVE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY
24.00 INCHES
3.100 MM/DAY**0.5
0.5200 VOL/VOL
0.4500 VOL/VOL
3.600 VOL/VOL
0.00014200 INCHES/HR
LAYER 4
WASTE LAYER
THICKNESS
EVAPORATION COEFFICIENT
POROSITY
FIELD CAPACITY
WILTING POINT
EFFECTIVE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY
60.00 INCHES
3.300 MM/DAY**0.5
0.3510 VOL/VOL
0.1740 VOL/VOL
0.1070 VOL/VOL
11.9499998 INCHES/HR
97
-------
LAYER 5
LATERAL DRAINAGE LAYER
SLOPE
DRAINAGE LENGTH
THICKNESS
EVAPORATION COEFFICIENT
POROSITY
FIELD CAPACITY
WILTING POINT
EFFECTIVE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY
2.00 PERCENT
25.00 FEET
12.00 INCHES
3.300 MM/DAY**0.5
0.3510 VOL/VOL
0.1740 VOL/VOL
0.1070 VOL/VOL
11.9499998 INCHES/HR
LAYER 6
BARRIER SOIL LAYER
THICKNESS
EVAPORATION COEFFICIENT
POROSITY
FIELD CAPACITY
WILTING POINT
EFFECTIVE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY
24.00 INCHES
3.100 MM/DAY**0.5
0.5200 VOL/VOL
0.4500 VOL/VOL
0.3600 VOL/VOL
0.00014200 INCHES/HR
GENERAL SIMULATION DATA
SCS RUNOFF CURVE NUMBER
TOTAL AREA OF COVER
EVAPORATIVE ZONE DEPTH
EFFECTIVE EVAPORATION COEFFICIENT
UPPER LIMIT VEG. STORAGE
INITIAL VEG. STORAGE
81.28
231000. SQ. FT
10.00 INCHES
5.000 MM/DAY**0.5
5.3500 INCHES
3.2150 INCHES
CLIMATOLOGIC DATA FOR NEW ORLEANS LOUISIANA
MONTHLY MEAN TEMPERATURES, DEGREES FAHRENHEIT
98
-------
JAN/JUL
FEB/AUG
MAR/SEP
APR/OCT
MAY/NOV
JUN/DEC
53.30
83.37
55.00
81.66
60.28
76.39
67.71
68.95
75.31
61.35
81.04
55.62
JAN/JUL
MONTHLY MEANS SOLAR RADIATION, LANGLEYS PER DAY
FEB/AUG MAR/SEP APR/OCT MAY/NOV
JUN/DEC
236.64
456.86
268.52
424.98
321.36
372.14
381.00
312.50
431.47
262.03
459.23
234.27
LEAF AREA INDEX TABLE
DATE
1
44
74
105
135
165
196
226
256
286
317
347
366
_LAI
0.0
0.0
0.61
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.89
0.65
0.32
0.16
0.0
FAIR GRASS
WINTER COVER FACTOR =0.60
AVERAGE MONTHLY TOTALS FOR 74 THROUGH 78
JAN/JUL FEB/AUG MAR/SEP APR/OCT MAY/NOV JUN/DEC
PRECIPITATION (INCHES) 6.54
6.54
6.58
3.66
9.84
4.37
5.91
4.55
3.16
7.01
7.12
5.95
5.37
99
-------
RUNOFF (INCHES)
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
(INCHES)
PERCOLATION FROM BASE
OF COVER (INCHES)
PERCOLATION FROM BASE
OF LANDFILL (INCHES)
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF
COVER (INCHES)
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF
LANDFILL (INCHES)
1.680
0.457
2.367
5.246
0.1686
0.1545
0.1445
0.1392
1.642
1.043
0.021
0.014
0.651
2.065
2.174
5.146
0.1625
0.1550
0.1418
0.1408
1.768
1.136
0.024
0.014
0.467
1.500
3.123
3.828
0.1533
0.1598
0.1471
0.1417
1.474
1.479
0.008
0.018
0.958
0.332
3.060
2.007
0.1436
0.1360
0.1376
0.1287
1.053
0.959
0.006
0.010
1.193
1.510
4.476
2.561
0.1434
0.1407
0.1377
0.1337
0.988
1.021
0.006
0.006
0.436
0.868
4.129
2.469
0.1467
0.1669
0.1382
0.1537
0.901
1.795
0.008
0.011
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTALS FOR
74 THROUGH 78
(INCHES^
70.06
12.115
40.585
PRECIPITATION
RUNOFF
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
(CU1_FTi)
1348681.
233208.
781255.
PERCENT
100.00
17.29
57.93
100
-------
PERCOLATION FROM BASE OF COVER 1.8311
PERCOLATION FROM BASE OF LANDFILL 1.6848
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF COVER 15.259
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF LANDFILL 0.146
35248.
32433.
293735.
2807.
2.61
2.40
21.78
0.21
PEAK DAILY VALUES FOR
PRECIPITATION
RUNOFF
PERCOLATION FROM BASE OF COVER
PERCOLATION FROM BASE OF LANDFILL
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF COVER
DRAINAGE FROM BASE OF LANDFILL
HEAD ON BASE OF COVER
HEAD ON BASE OF LANDFILL
SNOW WATER
MAXIMUM VEG. SOIL WATER (VOL /VOL)
MINIMUM VEG. SOIL WATER (VOL/VOL)
74 THROUGH 78
(INCHES) (CU. FT.)
8.52 164010.0
4.818 92750.3
0.0120 230.1
0.0082 158.0
0.141 2716.1
0.003 58.5
35.8
0.1
0.0 0.0
0.5350
0.2220
101
-------
1.1 DO YOU WANT TO ENTER OR CHECK DATA OR TO OBTAIN OUTPUT?
ENTER 1 FOR CLIMATOLOGIC INPUT,
2 FOR SOIL OR DESIGN DATA INPUT,
3 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN DETAILED OUTPUT,
4 TO STOP THE PROGRAM, AND
5 TO RUN THE SIMULATION AND OBTAIN ONLY SUMMARY OUTPUT.
1.4 ENTER RUNHELP TO RERUN PROGRAM OR
ENTER LOGOFF TO LOGOFF COMPUTER SYSTEM
102
-------
REFERENCES
1. Perrier, E. R., and A. C. Gibson. Hydrologic Simulation on Solid Waste
Disposal Sites. EPA-SW-868, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincin-
nati, OH, 1980. Ill pp.
2. Schroeder, P. R., and A. C. Gibson. Supporting Documentation for the
Hydrologic Simulation Model for Estimating Percolation at Solid Waste Dis-
posal Sites (HSSWDS). Draft Report, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, OH, 1982. 153 pp.
3. Knisel, W. J., Jr., Editor. CREAMS, A Field Scale Model for Chemical Run-
off and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems. Vols. I, II, and
III, Draft Copy, USDA-SEA, AR, Cons. Res. Report 24, 1980. 643 pp.
4. USDA, Soil Conservation Service. National Engineering Handbook, Sec-
tion 4, Hydrology. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, C.C.,
1972.
5. Schroeder, P. R., A. C. Gibson, and M. D. Smolen. Hydrologic Evaluation
of Landfill Performance (HELP) Model: Volume II. Documentation for Ver-
sion 1. Draft Report, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 1983.
6. Lutton, R. J., G. L. Regan, and L. W. Jones. Design and Construction of
Covers for Solid Waste Landfills. PB 80-100381, EPA-600/2-79-165,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1979.
7. England, C. B. Land Capability: A Hydrologic Response Unit in Agricul-
tural Watersheds. ARS 41-172, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1970.
8. Breazeale, E., and W. T. McGeorge. A New Technic for Determining Wilting
Percentage of Soil. Soil Science, Vol. 68, pp. 371-374, 1949.
9. Li, E. A. A Model to Define Hydrologic Response Units Based on Character-
istics of the Soil-Vegetative Complex Within a Drainage Basin. M.S.
Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg,
VA, 1975. 124 pp.
103
-------
APPENDIX A
STEPS TO LOG ON AND OFF NCC
The HELP program is maintained on the National Computer Center (NCC)* IBM
Computer System. In order to run HELP on this system, the user must contact
National Technical Information Services (NTIS) to open an account, be assigned
a user identification number and password, and obtain permission to use the
timesharing option (TSO). The individual to contact at NTIS is Mr. Walley
Finch. Mr. Finch may be reached by telephone at (703) 487-4807. Once these
arrangements have been made, the user should contact Mr. Anthony Gibson of the
U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station to have the HELP program
established on the assigned account. Mr. Gibson may be reached by telephone
at (601) 634-3710 (commercial) or 542-3710 (FTS).
Step-by-step procedures to log on and off the NCC System are presented
below.
To log on:
1. Turn on the data terminal.
2. Dial the appropriate telephone number given in Appendix B.
3. Put the telephone handle in the handset muff (or depress the tele-
phone data button).
4. The computer system will then respond if the user did not use the
toll-free telephone number (1-800-334-1079) as follows:
PLEASE TYPE YOUR TERMINAL IDENTIFIER**
The user should type' his terminal identifier (see Appendix B).
For example, A..
* To obtain cost information for the NCC Computer System, see Appendix C.
** If the BAUD rate for the user's computer terminal is 1200, the computer
system will type a line of random characters. The user should enter the
appropriate terminal identifier and continue.
T To correct typing errors, use the backspace key for character deletion or
press the BREAK key for line deletion.
104
-------
5. The computer system will then respond:
-3625-004-PLEASE LOG IN
The user should type:
IBMEPA1;NCC (RETURN)
4A. If the user used the toll-free number (1-800-334-1079), the user
should press the RETURN key as soon as the computer system is
on-line.
5A. The computer system will then respond:
ENTER IBM FOR IBM
UNI FOR SPERRY
The user should then type:
IBM (Return)
The computer system will then respond:
CONNECTED
The user should then press the RETURN key.
6. The computer system will then respond:
IBM3 IS ON LINE
The user should type:
TSO (RETURN)
7. The computer system will then respond:
ENTER LOGON
The user should type:
LOGON (RETURN)
8. The computer system will then respond:
IKJ56700A ENTER USER ID -
The user should type:
User identification/password (RETURN)
9. The computer system will then respond:
ENTER FIMAS ID -
The user should type: '
HSSWP*** (RETURN)
10. The computer system will then respond:
READY
The user should type:
RUNHELP (RETURN)
The program will start functioning according to the instructions in
Chapter 4 of the User's Guide.
*** HSSW is the utilization identifier and P is the mode character for the
facility impact monitor analysis system (FIMAS).
105
-------
11. When the program is finished, the user should type:
LOGOFF (RETURN)
106
-------
APPENDIX B
NCC ACCESS NUMBERS AND TERMINAL IDENTIFIERS
The following list contains current NCC access numbers for 300 or
1200 BAUD rates. These numbers are to be used to access the TSO computer in
Research Triangle Park, NC. A user should locate his city of interest on the
list and dial the appropriate number for access to TSO. Users who fail to
find their city of interest on the list should dial the toll free number
800-334-1079 for the 300 or 1200 BAUD rate.
TABLE B-l. ACCESS TELEPHONE NUMBERS
CITY
ANNISTON
BIRMINGHAM
HUNTSVILLE
MOBILE
MONTGOMERY
TUSCALOOSA
PHOENIX
TUCSON
FT. SMITH
HOT SPRINGS
JONESBORO
LITTLE ROCK
SPRINGDALE
ALHAMBRA
ANTIOCH
ARCADIA
BAKERSFIELD
BEVERLEY HILLS
BURBANK
BURLINGAME
CANOGA PARK
CHICO
CORONA
STATE
ALABAMA
ALABAMA
ALABAMA
ALABAMA
ALABAMA
ALABAMA
ARIZONA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
ARKANSAS
ARKANSAS
ARKANSAS
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
PHONE NUMBERS
205/236-2655
205/942-4141
205/882-3003
205/343-8414
205/265-4570
205/345-1420
602/254-5811
602/790-0764
501/782-3210
501-321-9741
501/932-6886
501/666-6886
501/756-2201
818/308-1800
415/778-3420
818/308-1800
805/325-8366
818/789-9002
818/841-7890
415/952-4757
818/789-9002
916/893-1876
714/371-2291
107
-------
TABLE B-l. (CONTINUED)
CITY
DAVIS /WOODLAND
DIAMOND BAR
EL SEGUNDO
ESCONDIDO
EUREKA
FREMONT
FRESNO
HAYWARD
LANCASTER
LONG BEACH
LOS ANGELES
LOS ANGELES
LOS ANGELES
MAR VISTA
MARINA DEL REY
MISSION HILLS
MODESTO
MOUNTAIN VIEW
NAPA
NEWPORT BEACH
NORTHRIDGE
NORWALK
OAKLAND
PALM SPRINGS
PALO ALTO
PASADENA
PLEASANT HILL
PLEASANTON
RANCHO BERNARDO
REDDING
RIVERS IDE/COLTON
SACRAMENTO
SALINAS
SAN CLEMENTE
SAN DIEGO
SAN FRANCISCO
SAN FRANCISCO
SAN JOSE/CUPERTINO
SAN LOUIS OBISPO
SAN PEDRO
SANTA ANA
SANTA BARBARA
SANTA BARBARA
SANTA CRUZ
SANTA MONICA
SANTA ROSA
SHERMAN OAKS
STATE
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
PHONE NUMBERS
916/753-3722
714/594-4567
213/640-1281
619/480-0881
707/445-3281
415/490-7366
209/442-4328
415/785-3431
805/945-7841
213/435-0900
213/626-2400
213/623-8500
213/629-3001
213/821-2257
213/821-2257
818/789-9002
209/577-5602
408/980-8100
707/257-2656
714/966-0313
818/789-9002
213/435-0900
415/836-8700
619/320-0772
415/966-8550
818/308-1800
415/798-2093
415/462-8900
619/485-1990
916/223-0449
714/370-1200
916/448-4300
408/443-4333
714/498-9504
619/296-3370
415/974-1300
415/543-0691
408/980-8100
805/546-8541
213/435-0900
714/966-0313
805/963-9241
805/963-9251
408/475-0981
213/306-4728
707/575-6180
818/789-9002
108
-------
TABLE B-l. (CONTINUED)
CITY
STOCKTON
THOUSAND OAKS
VALLEJO
VAN NUYS
VENTURA/OXNARD
VISTA
WALNUT CREEK
WEST COVINA
WEST COVINA
COLORADO SPRINGS
DENVER
GREELEY
PUEBLO
BLOOMFIELD
BRIDGEPORT
DANBURY
DARIEN
HARTFORD
MERIDEN
NEW HAVEN
NEW LONDON
STAMFORD
WATERBURY
WESTPORT
WASHINGTON
WASHINGTON
DOVER
WILMINGTON
BOCA RATON
DAYTONA BEACH
FORT MYERS
FT. PIERCE
FT. LAUDERDALE
GAINESVILLE
JACKSONVILLE
LAKELAND
MELBOURNE
MERRITT ISLE
MIAMI
OCALA
ORLANDO
PENSACOLA
SARASOTA
STATE
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
COLORADO
COLORADO
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
CONNECTICUT
CONNECTICUT
CONNECTICUT
CONNECTICUT
CONNECTICUT
CONNECTICUT
CONNECTICUT
CONNECTICUT
CONNECTICUT
CONNECTICUT
D.C.
D.C.
DELAWARE
DELAWARE
FLORIDA
FLORIDA
FLORIDA
FLORIDA
FLORIDA
FLORIDA
FLORIDA
FLORIDA
FLORIDA
FLORIDA
FLORIDA
FLORIDA
FLORIDA
FLORIDA
FLORIDA
PHONE NUMBERS
209/467-0601
805/496-3473
707/557-0333
818/789-9002
805/486-4811
619/727-6011
415/932-0116
818/331-3954
818/915-5702
303/590-1003
303/830-9210
303/356-0425
303/543-3313
203/242-7140
203/367-6021
203/797-9539
203/965-0000
203/242-7140
203/235-5180
203/773-0082
203/444-1709
203/965-0000
203/755-5994
203/226-5250
703/691-8200
703/691-8390
302/678-0449
302/429-0112
305/395-7330
904/255-4783
813/936-4221
305/466-0661
305/463-0882
904/376-0939
904/721-8100
813/688-5776
305/676-4336
305/459-0671
305/624-7900
904/351-0070
305/841-0020
904/477-3344
813/365-3526
109
-------
TABLE B-l. (CONTINUED)
CITY
SARASOTA
ST. PETERSBURG
ST. PETERSBURG
TALLAHASSEE
TAMPA
TAMPA
W. PALM BEACH
ATHENS
ATLANTA/NORCROSS
AUGUSTA
COLUMBUS
MACON
MARIETTA
ROME
SAVANNAH
HONOLULU
BOISE
IDAHO FALLS
POCATELLO
AURORA
BELLEVILLE
CHAMPAIGN
CHICAGO
CHICAGO
DECATUR
FOREST PARK
FREEPORT
GLEN ELLYN/WHEATON
JOLIET
LAKE ZURICH
LIBERTYVILLE
PEORIA
ROCK ISLAND
ROCKFORD
SPRINGFIELD
ST. CHARLES
URBANA
EVANSVILLE
FT. WAYNE
HIGHLAND
INDIANAPOLIS
STATE
FLORIDA
FLORIDA
FLORIDA
FLORIDA
FLORIDA
FLORIDA
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
GEORGIA
GEORGIA
GEORGIA
GEORGIA
GEORGIA
GEORGIA
GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
IDAHO
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
ILLINOIS
ILLINOIS
ILLINOIS
ILLINOIS
ILLINOIS
ILLINOIS
ILLINOIS
ILLINOIS
ILLINOIS
ILLINOIS
ILLINOIS
ILLINOIS
ILLINOIS
ILLINOIS
ILLINOIS
ILLINOIS
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
INDIANA
INDIANA
INDIANA
PHONE NUMBERS
813/365-6980
813/441-9671
813/443-1533
904/878-6929
813/977-2400
813/932-7070
305/471-9310
404/546-0167
404/446-0270
404/722-7967
404/327-0396
912/744-0605
404/424-0025
404/291-1000
912/232-6751
808/528-4450
208/343-0404
208/523-2964
208/233-2501
312/859-1143
618/233-2230
217/356-7552
312/922-4601
312/922-6571
217/422-0612
312/771-9667
815/233-5585
312/790-4400
815/727-1019
312/438-3771
312/362-0820
309/637-5961
309/794-0731
815/398-6090
217/753-7905
312/859-1143
217/356-7552
812/464-8181
219/423-9686
219/838-6353
317/257-3461
110
-------
TABLE B-l. (CONTINUED)
CITY
KOKOMO
LAFAYETTE
MARION
MUNCIE/ANDERSON
SOUTH BEND
TERRE HAUTE
CEDAR RAPIDS
DES MOINES
DUBUQUE
IOWA CITY
MARSHALLTOWN
SIOUX CITY
WATERLOO
LAWRENCE
LEAVENWORTH
MANHATTEN
SALINA
SHAWNEE MISSION
TOPEKA
WICHITA
BOWLING GREEN
LEXINGTON
LOUISVILLE
ALEXANDRIA
BATON ROUGE
LAFAYETTE
LAKE CHARLES
MONROE
NEW ORLEANS
SHREVEPORT
AUBURN
LEWISTON
PORTLAND
ABERDEEN
BALTIMORE
FREDRICK
HAGERSTOWN
ROCKVILLE
STATE
INDIANA
INDIANA
INDIANA
INDIANA
INDIANA
INDIANA
IOWA
IOWA
IOWA
IOWA
IOWA
IOWA
IOWA
KANSAS
KANSAS
KANSAS
KANSAS
KANSAS
KANSAS
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
KENTUCKY
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
LOUISIANA
LOUISIANA
LOUISIANA
LOUISIANA
LOUISIANA
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MAINE
MAINE
MARYLAND
MARYLAND
MARYLAND
MARYLAND
MARYLAND
PHONE NUMBERS
317/457-7257
317/742-0189
317/662-0091
317/288-2477
219/234-5005
812/232-3605
319/363-7514
515/277-7752
319/556-8263
319/354-7371
515/753-0667
712/252-1681
319/233-9227
913/749-0271
913/682-2660
913/776-5189
913/823-7186
913/384-1544
913/233-1682
316/265-1241
502/782-0436
606/253-3463
502/499-7110
318/443-9544
504/291-2650
318/237-9500
318/436-1633
318/322-4109
504/524-4371
318/688-5840
207/782-4101
207/782-4101
207/774-2654
301/272-3800
301/547-8100
301/293-1072
301/293-1072
301/770-1680
ATTLEBORO
MASSACHUSETTS
617/226-4471
111
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TABLE B-l. (CONTINUED)
CITY
BOSTON
BROCKTON
PITTSFIELD
SPRINGFIELD
TAUNTON
WOBURN
WORCESTER
ANN ARBOR
BATTLE CREEK
CADILLAC
DETROIT
DETROIT
DETROIT
FLINT
GRAND RAPIDS
JACKSON
KALAMAZOO
LANSING
MANISTEE
MIDLAND
MUSKOGEN
PLYMOUTH
PORT HURON
SAGINAW
SOUTHFIELD
ST. JOSEPH
TRAVERSE CITY
MANKATO
MINNEAPOLIS
MINNEAPOLIS
ROCHESTER
JACKSON
JACKSON
MERIDIAN
PASCAGOULA
PASCAGOULA
VICKSBURG
BRIDGETON
COLUMBIA
JEFFERSON CITY
JOPLIN
KANSAS CITY
ROLLA
STATE
MASSACHUSETTS
MASSACHUSETTS
MASSACHUSETTS
MASSACHUSETTS
MASSACHUSETTS
MASSACHUSETTS
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MICHIGAN
MICHIGAN
MICHIGAN
MICHIGAN
MICHIGAN
MICHIGAN
MICHIGAN
MICHIGAN
MICHIGAN
MICHIGAN
MICHIGAN
MICHIGAN
MICHIGAN
MICHIGAN
MICHIGAN
MICHIGAN
MICHIGAN
MICHIGAN
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MINNESOTA
MINNESOTA
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSISSIPPI
MISSISSIPPI
MISSISSIPPI
MISSISSIPPI
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MISSOURI
MISSOURI
MISSOURI
MISSOURI
MISSOURI
PHONE NUMBERS
617/292-1900
617/584-6873
413/442-6965
413/781-6830
617/822-7799
617/935-2057
617/791-9000
313/662-8282
616/962-1851
616/775-3429
313/963-3388
313/963-8880
313/963-2353
313/732-7303
616/459-2304
517/787-9461
616/388-2130
517/484-6602
616/723-6573
517/631-4721
616/725-8136
313/459-8900
313/985-6005
517/753-9921
313/569-8350
616/429-0813
616/946-3026
507/625-9481
612/339-5200
612/339-2415
507/282-3741
601/355-9741
601/944-0860
601/693-8216
601/769-6502
601/769-6673
601/634-6670
314/731-2304
314/875-1290
314/634-3273
417/782-3037
913/384-1544
314/364-3486
112
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TABLE B-l. (CONTINUED)
CITY
SPRINGFIELD
ST. JOSEPH
BOZEMAN
BUTTE
GREAT FALLS
MISSOULA
LINCOLN
OMAHA
LAS VEGAS
RENO /CARS ON CITY
MANCHESTER
NASHUA
SALEM
ATLANTIC CITY
CHERRY HILL
EATONTOWN
ENGLEWOOD CLIFFS
JERSEY CITY
LYNDHURST
LYNDHURST
MOORESTOWN
MORRISTOWN
NEWARK/UNION
NEWARK/UNION
PENNSAUKIN
PISCATAWAY
PRINCETON
RIDGEWOOD
WAYNE
ALBUQUERQUE
LAS CRUCES
SANTA FE
ALBANY
BINGHAMTON
BUFFALO
CORNING
ELMIRA
HEMPSTEAD
HUNTINGTON
ITHACA
STATE
MISSOURI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
MONTANA
MONTANA
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW JERSEY
NEW JERSEY
NEW JERSEY
NEW JERSEY
NEW JERSEY
NEW JERSEY
NEW JERSEY
NEW JERSEY
NEW JERSEY
NEW JERSEY
NEW JERSEY
NEW JERSEY
NEW JERSEY
NEW JERSEY
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW MEXICO
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
PHONE NUMBERS
417/831-5044
816/232-1897
406/586-7638
406/494-6615
406/727-0100
406/728-2415
402/475-8659
402/397-0414
702/293-0300
702/885-8411
603/623-0409
603/882-0435
603/893-6200
609/345-6888
609/665-5600
201/542-2180
201/894-8250
201/432-4907
201/460-0100
201/460-0180
609/665-5600
201/539-1222
201/483-5937
201/483-4878
609/665-5600
201/981-1900
609/452-1018
201/445-8346
201/785-4480
505/242-8344
505/524-1944
505/988-5953
518/458-8300
607/772-1153
716/845-6610
607/962-4481
607/737-9010
516/485-7422
516/420-1221
607/257-6601
113
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TABLE B-l. (CONTINUED)
CITY
MELVILLE
MINEOLA
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
NIAGARA FALLS
POUGHKEEPSIE
ROCHESTER
SYRACUSE
UTICA
WHITE PLAINS
ASHEVILLE
CHARLOTTE
CHARLOTTE
DURHAM
FAYETTEVILLE
GREENSBORO
GREENVILLE
HIGH POINT
RALEIGH
WILMINGTON
WINSTON-SALEM
BISMARK
FARGO
GRAND FORKS
MINOT
AKRON
CINCINNATI
CLEVELAND
COLUMBUS
DAYTON
LIMA
MANSFIELD
MARYSVILLE
TOLEDO
WARREN
YOUNGSTOWN
ARDMORE
ENID
LAWTON
OKLAHOMA CITY
TULSA
STATE
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
NORTH DAKOTA
NORTH DAKOTA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OHIO
OHIO
OHIO
OHIO
OHIO
OHIO
OHIO
OHIO
OHIO
OHIO
OKLAHOMA
OKLAHOMA
OKLAHOMA
OKLAHOMA
OKLAHOMA
PHONE NUMBERS
516/420-1221
516/294-3120
212/269-6985
212/785-5400
212/689-8850
212/509-5400
716/285-2561
914/473-0401
716/248-8000
315/437-7111
315/735-2291
914/684-6075
704/253-3873
704/376-2545
704/376-2544
919/549-8952
919/323-4202
919/273-0332
919/758-7854
919/882-6858
919/829-0536
919/343-0770
919/761-1103
701/223-9422
701/280-3000
701/772-7162
701/852-6871
216/535-1861
513/489-2100
216/781-7050
614/221-1862
513/223-3847
419/224-2998
419/526-6067
513/644-0096
419/255-7790
216/394-6529
216/744-5326
405/223-1552
405/233-7903
405/355-0745
405/947-6387
918/582-4433
114
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TABLE B-l. (CONTINUED)
CITY
STATE
PHONE NUMBERS
EUGENE
MEDFORD
PORTLAND
SALEM
DOWNINGTON
ERIE
GREENSBURG
HARRISBURG
KING OF PRUSSIA
LANCASTER
NEW CASTLE
PHILADELPHIA
PITTSBURGH
READING
SCRANTON
STATE COLLEGE
VALLEY FORGE
WILKES BARRE
YORK
MAYAGUEZ
PONCE
SAN JUAN
NEWPORT
PROVIDENCE
WOONSOCKET
CHARLESTON
COLUMBIA
GREENVILLE
SPARTANBURG
RAPID CITY
SIOUX FALLS
CHATTANOOGA
JACKSON
KNOXVILLE
MEMPHIS
NASHVILLE
OAKRIDGE
AMARILLO
AUSTIN
BAYTOWN
OREGON
OREGON
OREGON
OREGON
PENNSYLVANIA
PENNSYLVANIA
PENNSYLVANIA
PENNSYLVANIA
PENNSYLVANIA
PENNSYLVANIA
PENNSYLVANIA
PENNSYLVANIA
PENNSYLVANIA
PENNSYLVANIA
PENNSYLVANIA
PENNSYLVANIA
PENNSYLVANIA
PENNSYLVANIA
PENNSYLVANIA
PUERTO RICO
PUERTO RICO
PUERTO RICO
RHODE ISLAND
RHODE ISLAND
RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TENNESSEE
TENNESSEE
TENNESSEE
TENNESSEE
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
TEXAS
TEXAS
503/485-0027
503/773-1257
503/226-0627
503/399-14
215/873-0300
814/456-8501
412/837-3800
717/763-6481
215/337-9900
717/397-7731
412/652-4223
215/561-6120
412/765-1320
215/372-4473
717/346-4516
814/237-6408
215/666-9190
717/822-1272
717/846-3900
809/833-4535
809/840-9110
809/792-5900
401/847-0502
401/273-0200
401/765-2400
803/577-2179
803/254-7563
803/271-9213
803/582-7924
605/341-5337
605/335-0780
615/265-1020
901/423-0075
615/690-1543
901/529-0183
615/367-9382
615/482-9080
806/383-0304
512/444-3280
713/427-5856
115
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TABLE B-l. (CONTINUED)
CITY
BROWNSVILLE
BRYAN /COLLEGE STA.
CORPUS CHRISTI
DALLAS
FT. WORTH
HOUSTON
KILLEEN
LONGVIEW
LUBBOCK
MCALLEN
MIDLAND
NEDERLAND/PT. ARTHUR
ODESSA
SAN ANTONIO
TYLER
WACO
WICHITA FALLS
OGDEN
PROVO/OREM
SALT LAKE CITY
BURLINGTON
MONTPELIER
CHARLOTTESVILLE
FAIRFAX
FAIRFAX
LYNCHBURG
MIDLOTHIAN
NEWPORT NEWS
NORFOLK
PETERSBURG
RICHMOND
ROANOKE
WILLIAMSBURG
ENUMCLAW
OLYMPIA
RICHLAND
SEATTLE
SPOKANE
TACOMA
VANCOUVER
YAKIMA
STATE
TEXAS
TEXAS
TEXAS
TEXAS
TEXAS
TEXAS
TEXAS
TEXAS
TEXAS
TEXAS
TEXAS
TEXAS
TEXAS
TEXAS
TEXAS
TEXAS
TEXAS
UTAH
UTAH
UTAH
VERMONT
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
VIRGINIA
VIRGINIA
VIRGINIA
VIRGINIA
VIRGINIA
VIRGINIA
VIRGINIA
VIRGINIA
VIRGINIA
VIRGINIA
WASHINGTON
WASHINGTON
WASHINGTON
WASHINGTON
WASHINGTON
WASHINGTON
WASHINGTON
WASHINGTON
PHONE NUMBERS
512/541-2251
409/770-0184
512/883-8050
214/638-8888
817/877-3630
713/556-6700
817/634-2810
214/236-4041
806/762-0136
512/631-0020
915/683-5645
409/724-0726
915/563-3745
512/225-8002
214/592-1372
817/752-1642
817/761-1315
801/627-2022
801/375-0645
801/364-0780
802/658-2123
802/223-3519
804/971-1001
703/691-8200
703/691-8390
804/528-1903
804/744-4860
804/596-7608
804/855-7751
804/862-4700
804/744-4860
703/344-2762
804/872-9592
206/825-7720
206/438-2772
509/375-3367
206/285-0109
509/747-4105
206/272-1503
206/693-0371
509/453-1591
CHARLESTON
WEST VIRGINIA
304/345-9575
116
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TABLE B-l. (CONCLUDED)
CITY STATE PHONE NUMBERS
HUNTINGTON WEST VIRGINIA 304/525-4406
MORGANTOWN WEST VIRGINIA 304/292-2175
PARKERSBURG WEST VIRGINIA 304/428-8511
APPLETON WISCONSIN 414/722-5580
GREEN BAY WISCONSIN 414/432-3064
LA CROSSE WISCONSIN 608/785-1450
MADISON WISCONSIN 608/221-4211
MADISON WISCONSIN 608/221-0891
MILWAUKEE WISCONSIN 414/785-1614
NEENAH WISCONSIN 414/722-5580
OSHKOSH WISCONSIN 414/235-1082
RACINE WISCONSIN 414/632-3006
WEST BEND WISCONSIN 414/334-1240
CASPER WYOMING 307/235-0164
NCC TERMINAL IDENTIFIERS
The NCC terminal identifiers (Table B-2) are user-entered characters
that identify terminal speeds, carriage-return delay times, and codes to NCC.
If you are in doubt as to which NCC terminal identifier to use, contact
Anthony Gibson at (601) 634-3710 (FTS 542-3710) or the NCC User Support
Service at 800-334-2405.
117
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TABLE B-2. IDENTIFIERS, BY TERMINAL MAKE AND MODEL
TERMINAL
ID*
TERMINAL
ID*
ADDS
580, 620, 680, 880, 980
Anderson Jacobson
330
830, 832
630
860
Ann Arbor Terminals
Design III, 200
Beehive Medical Electronics
Mini Bee 1, 2, 4
Super Bee 2, 3
1-211, M-501, R-211
Bell System
Dataspeed 40/2
KD
KDP
Computer Devices
1030
1132, 1201, 1202, 1203
1204, 1205, 1206
Computek
200, 300
Conrac
401, 480
Control Data
713
Computer Transceiver
Systems
Execuport
DEC
GT40, LA34, LA36, LA38,
LA120 , LS120-J-, VT05,
VT50, VT100, VT132
Datamedia
1500, 2000, 2100, 2500
Datapoint
1100, 3000, 3300
Delta Data
5000, 5100, 5200
Digi-Log
33, 209, 300
#
A
E
A
A
A
A
A
G
E
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
General Electric
Terminet
300, 1200
Gen-Corn
300
Hazeltine
1200, 2000
Hewlett-Packard
2615, 2616, 262X Series,
263X Series, 264X
Series, 7220A-)-
Hydra
Model B
IBM
2741
Interdata
Carousel 300
Incoterm
SPD 10/20, 20/20, 900
Infoton
Vistar
ITT
3501 Asciscope
Lear Siegler
7700, ADM-1, ADM-2,
ADM-3, ADM-31
LogAbax Informatique
LX180
LX1010-J-
MI
2400
Megadata
Memorex
1240
NCR
260
796
Omron
8525
Ontel
4000
G
A
A
A
I
P #
E
A
A
A
I
A
I
A
A
G
E
A
A
A
* The symbol # represents a carriage return.
-j- During log in, enter Control R immediately before typing your user name.
118
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TABLE B-2. (CONCLUDED)
TERMINAL
ID*
TERMINAL
ID*
Perkin-Elmer
1200, 1250
Research
Teleray 3300, 3311, 3712
Raytheon
PTS-100
Singer
30
Scientific Measurement
Systems
1440
Tally
1612+
Tec
400 Series, 1440
Tektronix
4012, 4012, 4014, 4023
4025
Teletype
33, 35
38
43
Texas Instruments
A 720, 725, 733, 735 E
743, 745, 763, 765, 771+,
A 820+ A
Texas Scientific
A Entelkon 10 A
Typagraph
E DP-30 C
Tymshare
100, 110, 212, 213 E
A 200 D
310, 311 C
A 125, 126, 225, 315, 316
325, 350+, 420, 425+, 430,
A 440W, 444+, 470+,
550-)-, 1100+ A
Wang Laboratories
A 220 OB A
Westinghouse
D 1600, 1620 A
B Xerox
A BC100, BC200 A
* The symbol // represents a carriage return.
+ During log in, enter Control R immediately before typing your user name.
119
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APPENDIX C
COST ANALYSIS FOR THE NATIONAL COMPUTER CENTER
TIMESHARING OPERATION
1. Costs associated with use of the National Computer System (NCC) timeshar-
ing operation (TSO) may be categorized as storage charges, central com-
puter processing costs, input/output costs and connection costs.
2. The public online disk storage charge is $.025 per track per week.
3. NCC TSO charges other than storage are computed by the following
algorithm.
TSO Costs = PRF (CPU Costs + I/O Costs) + Connection Costs
where
PRF = Priority Rate Factor, a multiplier of 2.5
CPU = Central Prossessing Unit Cost
= (TCB + SPB) * $425.00/hr
TCB = Task Control Block (hours)
SRB = System Resource Block (hours)
I/O = Terminal Input/Output Unit Cost
= $0.74/1000 lines
Connection Unit Cost = $6.00/hr
The above costs are current as of October 1983 and are subject to change.
120
*U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1984 0-421-545/11814
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