United States
              Environmental Protection
              Agency
                 Office of Solid Waste
                 and Emergency Response
                 Washington, DC 20460
EPA.530-SW-87-028B
October 1987
c/EPA
              Solid Waste
Characterization  of MWC Ashes
and Leachates from MSW Landfills,
Monofills, and Co-Disposal  Sites
              Volume  II of VII
              Leachate Baseline Report:
              Determination of Municipal
              Landfill Leachate
              Characteristics

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                                                        0-33-10-6-17
                      LEACHATE BASELINE REPORT:
                     DETERMINATION OF MUNICIPAL
                  LANDFILL LEACHATE CHARACTERISTICS
                           VOLUME II OF VII
                             Prepared for
                U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                        OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE
                          WASHINGTON, D.C
                       CONTRACT NO. 68-01-7310
                      WORK ASSIGNMENT NO. 04
EPA Project Officer                                     EPA Task Manager
Jon R. Perry                                           Gerry Dorian
                             Prepared by

                         NUS CORPORATION
                                         ••' ! •'!('! ,',' '*»/•'*,'

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                          TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION                                                           PAGE

1.0   INTRODUCTION 	  1-1
     1.1       PURPOSE  	  1-1
     1.2       BACKGROUND INFORMATION 	  1-1
     1.3       REPORT ORGANIZATION  	  1-2

2.0   LITERATURE REFERENCES 	  2-1
     2.1       INTRODUCTION  	  2-1
     2.2       WISCONSIN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SPECIAL
              REPORT  	  2-1
     2.3       SOBOTKA & CO. REPORT  	  2-2
     2.4       TEXAS A & M UNIVERSITY REPORT  	  2-3
     2.5       LITERATURE LIMITATIONS 	  2-4

3.0   CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LEACHATE IN
     MUNICIPAL SOUD WASTE LANDFILLS 	  3-1
     3.1       INTRODUCTION  	  3-1
     3.2       INDICATOR PARAMETER OBSERVATIONS  	  3-6
     3.2.1      Dissolved Solids  	  3-6
     3.2.2      Suspended Solids  	  3-7
     3.2.3      Organic* 	  3-8
     3.2.4      pH  	  3-9
     3.2.5      Alkalinity  	  3-10
     3.2.6  '    Hardness  	  3-11
     3.3       MAJOR CONTAMINANTS  	  3-12
     3.3.1      Nitrogen  	  3-12
     3.3.2      Phosphorus 	  3-13
     3.3.3      Chloride  	  3-13
     3.3.4      Sulfur  	  3-13
     3.3.5      Calcium  	  3-14
     3.3.6      Magnesium 	  3-14
     3.3.7      Sodium  	  3-15
     3.3.8      Potassium 	  3-15
     3.3.9      Iron  	  3-16
     3.3.10     Manganese 	  3-16
     3.4       INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS  	  3-17
     3.4.1      Primary Drinking Water Standards  	  3-17
    3.4.1.1    Arsenic  	  3-19
    3.4.1.2     Barium  	  3-19
    3.4.1.3    Cadmium 	  3-20
    3.4.1.4    Chromium 	       3-20
    3.4.1.5     Lead  	  3-21
    3.4.1.6    Mercury  	  3-22
    3.4.1.7    Selenium 	  3-22
    3.4.1.8    Silver  	'	  3-22

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                      TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)


     34.1.9    Fluoride  	  3-23
     3.4.2      Other Priority Pollutant Inorganics  	  3-23
     3A2.1    Antimony	  3-23
     3.4.2.2    Beryllium 	  3-23
     3.4.2.3    Copper  	  3-25
     3.4.2.4    Cyanide  	  3-25
     3.4.2.5    Nickel  	  3-26
     3.4.2.6    Thallium  	  3-26
     3.4.2.7    Zinc  	  3-27
     3.4.2.8    Asbestos  	  3-27
     3.4.3      Other Inorganic Contaminants	  3-27
     3.4.3.1    Aluminum 	  3-28
     3.4.3.2    Boron  	  3-28
     3.4.3.3    Molybdenum  	  3-30
     3.4.3.4    Cobalt and Vanadium 	  3-30
     3.4.3.5    Tin, Titanium, and Yttrium  	  3-31
     3.4.4      Sobotka Literature Data 	  3-31
     3.5  -      TRACE ORGANICS  	  3-31
     3.5.1      Introduction  	  3-31
     3.5.2      Halogenated Ethers and Aliphatics  	  3-43
     3.5.3      Phthalate Esters 	  3-45
     3.5.4      Phenols	  3-45
     3.5.5      Monocyclic and Polycyclic Aromatics	  3-46
     3.5.6      Polychlorinated Biphenyls	  3-47
     3.5.7      Pesticides and Herbicides 	  3-47
     3.5.8      Sobotka Organic Literature Data 	  3-48
     3.5.9      Texas A & M Organic Literature Data  	  3-48
     3.6        SUMMARY	  3-48

     REFERENCES  	  R-1

APPENDICES

     A         Range Graphs and Median Frequency of Occurrence  	   A-1
               Histograms

     B         Wisconsin Case History Information  	  B-1
                                     in

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                                 TABLES
 NUMBER
                                                                     PAGE
 3-1       Wisconsin Landfills with Leachate Analysis Results Included
          In This Report  	 3-2
 3-2       Contaminant Concentration Ranges in Leachate Reported In
          The Literature  	 3-4
 3-3       Numerical Standards for Primary Drinking
          Water Standards  	 3-18
 3-4       Numerical Standards for Other Priority Pollutant Inorganics  	 3-24
 3-5       Summary of Results for Other Inorganic Contaminants  	 3-29
 3-6       Sobotka Report: Inorganic Data  	 3-32
 3-7       Analytical Results of Priority Pollutant Organic Compounds
          Detected In Wisconsin Leacnates  	 3-41
 3-8       Sobotka Report: Organic Data from 44 Case Studies  	 3-49
 3-9       Concentration of Selected Organic Compounds Identified
          In Municipal Landfill Leachate or Groundwater Plume  	 3-58
 3-10      Contaminant Concentration from Leachate of Three
          Municipal Landfills 	 3-63
 3-11      Overall Summary from the Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste
          Leachates in Wisconsin	 3-64
 3-12      Comparison of Leachate Concentrations with Drinking
          Water Standards •	 3-66
 3-13      Sobotka Report: Data Summary of Organic MSW
          Leachate Concentrations 	 3-69
 3-14      Sobotka Report: Data Summary of Inorganic MSW
          Leachate Concentrations 	 3-70
                                 FIGURES
NUMBER

3-1
                                                           PAGE
Municipal Solid Waste Landfills Included In This Report
and Their Locations 	
                                                                      3-3
                                    IV

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ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS
BNA
BOD
CAS
CB
CERCLA
COD
Codisposal
CP
DWE
EP
EPA
ESP
HSWA
HWC
LF
MCL
Monofill
MSW
MW
MWC
MWEP
ND
NPDES
PAHs
PCBs
Base-neutral and Acid Extractables
Biological Oxygen Demand
Chemical Abstract Service
Chlorobiphenyl
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Disposal together of municipal solid wastes and municipal solid waste
combustion ashes
Chlorinated Phenols
Deionized Water Extraction Test Method
Extraction Procedure
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Electrostatic Precipitator
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments
Hazardous Waste Combustion
Landfill
Maximum Contaminant Level
A landfill that contains only solid waste combustion ashes and
residues
Municipal Solid Waste
Monitoring Well
Municipal Waste Combustion
Monofilled Waste Extraction Procedure, also known as SW-924
Not Detected
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Polychlorinated Biphenyls

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ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS
PAGE TWO
PCDDs
PCDFs
POTW
RCRA
RDF
RPD
SS
SW-924
TCLP
TDS
TEF
TNK
TOC
TSCA
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
Polychlorinated dibenzofurans
Publically Owned Treatment Works
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Refuse Derived Fuel
Relative Percent Difference
Suspended Solids
Deionized Water Extraction Test Method
Toxic Characteristics Leaching Procedure Test Method
Total Dissolved Solids
Toxic Equivalency Factors
Total Nitrogen Kjeldahl
Total Organic Carbon
Toxic Substances Control Act
                             VI

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                            1.0 INTRODUCTION
 1.1    PURPOSE

 This baseline report on  municipal landfill leachate characteristics was written to
 provide support to the  United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's)
 study of the Subtitle D Program. The principal objective of this Phase I leachate
 baseline report, prepared  by NUS Corporation (NUS),  is to  assist the  EPA in
 developing  data to evaluate  the potential health and environmental effects of
 leachate from  municipal  landfills.   This  report summarizes existing leachate
 characteristic data  supplied by the EPA, including concentrations of organic and
 inorganic parameters.

 1.2    BACKGROUND INFORMATION

 In 1979, EPA promulgated criteria for determining which Subtitle D (nonhazardous
 waste) disposal facilities pose a reasonable probability  of adverse effects upon
 human health and the environment and therefore should be classified as "open
 dumps."

 The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA), enacted in 1984, require of
 the  EPA  the following  actions:    (1)to  submit  a  report  to  Congress  by
 Novembers, 1987,  addressing  whether the Subtitle D criteria authorized by RCRA
 Sections 1008(a) and 4004 Criteria (40 CFR Part 257) are adequate to protect human
 health and the environment from groundwater contamination; (2) to recommend
whether additional authorities are needed to enforce the criteria; and (3) to revise
the criteria by March 31,1988, for facilities that may receive hazardous  household
waste or wastes from small-quantity generators of hazardous waste.

Since 1984, concerns were raised regarding  the chemical composition of leachate
generated from municipal waste landfills. These concerns center on the detection
of certain toxic metals and organics, and  on  the lack  of available data for a
comprehensive and defensible evaluation of the effects of leachates on  human
health and the environment.
                                   1-1

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1.3    REPORT ORGANIZATION

Section 2.0 discusses the literature sources used to prepare this report and their
limitations.  Section 3.0 contains the literature findings for organic and inorganic
constituents.  Appendix A contains range graphs  and  median  frequency-of-
occurrence histograms for the pollutants discussed in Section 3.0. Also included in
Appendix A are three tables. Appendix B is a case-by-case list of the Wisconsin sites
identified in this report. Appendix B also provides a summary of the information
available regarding these  sites, as obtained from the Wisconsin Department of
Natural Resources Special Report.
                                    1-2

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                        2.0  LITERATURE REFERENCES
 2.1    INTRODUCTION

 The following literature references were used to compile this report.

     •  McGinley, P.M., and P. Kmet.  Formation. Characteristics. Treatment, and
        Disposal of Leachate from Municipal Solid  Waste Landfills.  Wisconsin
        Department of Natural Resources Special Report, August 1,1987.

     •  Sobotka & Co., Inc.  Case history data compiled and reported in a July 1986
        report to the U.S. EPA's Economic Analysis Branch of the Office of Solid
        Waste.

     •  Brown, K.W., and K.C Donnelly. The Occurrence and Concentration of
        Organic Chemicals in Hazardous and Municipal Waste Landfill Leachate.
        Texas A&M  University, Soil  and Crop  Sciences  Department, College
        Station, Texas.

2.2    WISCONSIN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SPECIAL REPORT

The Wisconsin Department  of Natural Resources report, which is the result of a
3-year effort, provides chemical characteristics of municipal solid waste leachate
from  20 active  Wisconsin landfills.  Of  significance is the fact that  14 out of
20 Wisconsin  landfills  sampled reported  receiving  industrial wastes.   Some  also
reported receiving hazardous wastes.

According to the Wisconsin report, these 20 active landfills represent a wide variety
of site designs, sizes,  and operations. The report data were collected with the intent
that the landfill  contaminants could be identified; the range of these contaminants
could be defined; and the impacts of time, site design, and site operation on
leachate quality could be observed.   By summarizing data from only  leachate
collection systems and leachate headwells, the report focused on the composition of
leachate that could  be leaving the base of the refuse in a full-scale, operating
landfill.
                                    2-1

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The chemical results were obtained primarily from samples collected by the landfill
owners, their consultants, or treatment plants treating the leachate.  Occasionally,
samples collected or results reported by other parties were available.  Variability in
results may be attributed to the fact that these samples were collected by different
individuals, using different sampling and analytical procedures.

The way in which a sample was handled after collection may have a substantial
impact on its chemical composition. The environment at the base of the refuse may
have  been considerably  different from the surface, and the exposure to the
atmosphere may have changed the redox potential, pH, color, and turbidity of the
sample.

2.3    SOBOTKA & CO. REPORT

The information contained in the Sobotka study was to  be  used by the  EPA's
Economic Analysis Branch,  a  subdivision  of  the  Office of Solid Waste.   Several
months of gathering literature of municipal leachate resulted in the  information
presented in the Sobotka report.  The objectives of the Sobotka report were to
gather active municipal landfill leachate data, primarily organics; characterize the
releases; calculate the  associated risks; and  predict the  cost of compliance that
municipal landfill facilities  may  face.  Data  regarding  municipal  leachate were
gathered  over a  period of several months  from literature sources, such  as the
Wisconsin report, and from various state  records.  Data  pertaining to 44 landfills
were obtained.  This information was collected from reference material and state
records from  10 states, including the sites referenced in the Wisconsin report. The
landfill locations, grouped by states, are as follows:

   Eastern Alameda, California               Central, Delaware
                                            Pigeon Point, Delaware
   Coffin Butte, Colorado
   RPS Inc., Colorado                        Perdido, Florida
                                            South Dade, Florida
   Litchfield, Connecticut                    West Palm Beach, Florida
   Shelton, Connecticut                      Unknown Site, Florida
                                    2-2

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    Am Hoist, Minnesota
    Bethel, Minnesota
    Duluth, Minnesota
    Koochiching, Minnesota
    Lyon, Minnesota
    Meeker, Minnesota
    Pine Bend, Minnesota
    Rochester, Minnesota

    Hamm's Landfill, New Jersey
    Landfill and Development, New Jersey
    Ocean County Landfill, New Jersey
    Killingsworth, Oregon
    Riverbend, Oregon
    Roseburg, Oregon
    Short Mountain, Oregon
2.4    TEXAS A & M UNIVERSITY REPORT
Tillamook, Washington

Dane, Wisconsin
Delafield, Wisconsin
Fond du Lac, Wisconsin
Green Bay (E), Wisconsin
Green Bay (W), Wisconsin
Janesville, Wisconsin
Marathon, Wisconsin
Muskego, Wisconsin
Omega Hills, Wisconsin
Outagamie, Wisconsin
Pheasant Run, Wisconsin
Polk, Wisconsin
Ridgeview, Wisconsin
Seven Mile Creek, Wisconsin
Superior, Wisconsin
Tork, Wisconsin
Winnebago, Wisconsin
The TexasA&M University study was conducted by the Soil and  Crop Sciences
Department.  This report was undertaken to compile chemical  constituent and
concentration data and to compare the risks associated with exposure to organic
pollutants found in leachate from industrial and municipal waste  landfills.  The
study focused on the organic constituents of landfill leachate from various sources.
The data were  combined to identify minimum and maximum concentrations of
specific constituents found in leachate from municipal and industrial waste landfills.
Data presented  in  this  report  included TexasA&M University data  on three
municipal  landfills:  Lyon  Municipal  Landfill, Meeker Municipal  Landfill,  and
Rochester Landfill. Landfill locations were not given.
                                   2-3

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2.5    LITERATURE LIMITATIONS

The data contained in this baseline report have several limitations.  The unknowns
included sampling  and handling  procedures employed, analytical methods,  and
landfill conditions.  For example,  a landfill identified as receiving  only municipal
waste may have knowingly or unknowingly accepted industrial or hazardous waste.
The ages of the landfills are also unknown. The Wisconsin report indicates that the
landfills sampled were relatively young, but the other two sources do not identify
the various landfill  ages. The landfill design and refuse depths are also unknown.
The Wisconsin report mentions that concentrations exhibited seasonal fluctuations.
However, dates sampled are not given.

These three reports also do not indict whether the leachates were pure or had been
diluted  by  natural  resources prior to sampling.  Leachate freshness is also  not
mentioned.

The major concern  in using the data from Wisconsin report regarding municipal
solid waste landfill leachate is the fact that 14 out of the 20 landfills reported
receiving industrial waste material.

Because of these limitations, a comparison of these literature sources  has not been
done. The data have been presented for reference and to provide a baseline report.
                                    2-4

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               3.0  CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LEACHATE IN
                      MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS
 3.1  INTRODUCTION

 The information provided in this section regarding the chemical characteristics of
 leachate in municipal solid waste landfills was obtained from studies conducted by
 the Wisconsin  Department  of  Natural  Resources,  Sobotka & Co.,  Inc.,  and
 Texas A & M University, as detailed in Section 2.0. Since the Wisconsin study was the
 most extensive of the three studies, the majority of information in this section is
 based on the Wisconsin report.

 The Wisconsin report  contains numerous  references to the landfills in Wisconsin
 from which  leachate data were obtained.  Table 3-1 summarizes landfill site data
 and identifies, by site identification number and name, the site references used
 throughout the text. Figure 3-1 illustrates the locations of these sites.

 Table 3-2, excerpted from the  Wisconsin report, lists contaminant  concentration
 ranges in  leachate as reported in  various literature sources (George,  1972; Chian
 and DeWalle, 1977;  Metry  and  Cross,  1977;  and  Cameron,  1978) from  the
 early 1970s to July 1986.  Also included are values obtained from the  Sobotka & Co.
 report.  These data are  a summary of ranges developed  from  the analyses of
 leachate seeps, contaminated  surface  waters, contaminated groundwaters,  and
 from test Iysimeters.

 Although  Table 3-2 illustrates  that a fair  amount of data are reported  in  the
 literature, the extreme variability of these values limits its usefulness. The  values
 from this table are included in the various upcoming sections.

The  Wisconsin  study  also contains  numerous  range  graphs  and  median
frequency-of-occurrence histograms. These figures are included in Appendix A  and
are referenced throughout this report.
                                   3-1

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Table 3-1  Wisconsin Landfills with Leachate Analysis Results Included
           in this Report.
Site Name
Number
11 WMI-Lauer I
307 WHI-Polk
572 Land Reclamation
611 Winnebago Co.
652 Tork
719 Delafield
1099 WMI-Metro
1678 WMI-Omega Hills
1739 WMI-Pheasant Run
2358 Fond du Lac Co.
2484 Outagamie Co.
2568 Brown Co. West
2569 Brown Co. East
2575 WMI-Ridgeview
2627 City of Superior
2680 Dane Co.
2821 Eau Claire Co.
2822 City of Janesville
2892 Marathon Co.
2895 WMI-Muskego
Site
Type
ZS
CL
ZS
ZS
R
CL
ZS
ZS
ZS
ZS
ZS
ZS
CL
NA
ZS
NA
CL
CL
CL
CL
Total Design Principal Date Site
Volume Waste Types Filling Size
(million Began (acres)
cubic yards)

0.5
9.5
5.5
1.5
1.0
9.0
15.0
1.6
0.5
3.2
4.0
6.0
0.8
0.6
1.5
1.2
0.7
1.5
1.3
MSW.IND pre-1960
MSW 1970
MSW.IND.HAZ pre-1970
MSW.IND pre-1970
MSW.IND 1970
MSW 1975
MSW.IND.HAZ pre-1970
MSW.IND.HAZ 1971
MSW.IND pre-1967
MSW.IND 1978
MSW.IND 1975
MSW.IND 1977
MSW 1976
MSW.IND 1976
MSW.IND 1976
MSW 1977
MSW 1978
MSW.IND 1978
MSW.IND 1980
MSW 1980
38
9
82
94
38
13
96
166
35
16
47
50
30
17
20
49
24
13
10
29
Abbreviations:
         Site Types
           NA:  Natural  Attenuation
           CL:  Clay Lined

         Principal  Waste Types
           MSW:  Municipal Solid Waste
           IND:  Industrial Waste
 ZS: Zone-of-saturation
  R: Retrofit
HAZ: Hazardous Waste
 Source:  Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Report
                                         3-2

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                                  SAMPLE SOURCES
                                   • COLLECTION SYSTEM
                                   A WELLS IN REFUSE
                                     COLLECTION SYSTEM AND WELLS
                                               $719 911
                                    A 2680    2895
                                       • 2822
Figure 3-1   Municipal Solid Waste  Landfills  Included in this
             Report and their Locations.
Source:  Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Report
                             3-3

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                              TABLE 3-2
CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATION RANGES IN LEACHATE REPORTED IN THE UTERATURE
                     [All Concentrations in mg/l (ppm)]

PH
Alkalinity
Total Solids
TDS
Total Suspended Solids
Specific Conductanct
BOO
COO
TOC
Bicarbonate
Hardness
Chlorides
Fluorides
Sulfates
Sulfide
Total-K-Nrtrogen
NHj-Nitrogen
Organic Nitrogen
NO3-Nitrogen
Total Phosphorus
Ortho-Phosphorus
Aluminum
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Boron
Cadmium
Calcium
Total Chromium
Copper
Georgt
(1972)
3.7-8.5
0-20,350

0-42.276
6-2.685

9-54.610
0-89,520


0-22.800
34-2,800

1-1.826

0-1.416
0-1,106

0-1.300
1-154







5-4,080

0-9.9
Chian/
DeWalle
(1977)
3.7-8.5
0-20.850
0-59.200
584-44,900
10-700
2.810-16.800
81-33.360
40-89.520
256-28.000

0-22.800
4.7-2,467

1-1,558


0-1,106

0.2-10.29
0-130
6.5-85





0.03-17
60-7,200

0-9.9
Metry/Cross
(1975)
3.7-8.5
310-9.500

100-51,000
13-26.500
100-1,200
2.200-720,000
800-750.000

3.260-5.730
35-8.700
. 47-2.350

20-1,370


0.2-845
2.4-550
4.5-18

0.3-136






240-2,570


Cameron
(1978)
3.7-8.5
0-20,900

0-42400


9-55,000
0-9,000


0-22.800
34-2.800
0-2.13
0-1.826
0-0.13

0-1,106



0-154
0-122
0-11.6
0-5.4
0-0.3
0.3-73
0-0.19
5-4,000
0-33.4
0-10
Wisconsin
Report
(20 sites)
54.9
NO-1 5.050

584-50.430
2-140.900
480-72.500
NO-1 95,000
6.6-97.900
NO-30,500

52-225,000
2-11,375
0-0.74
NO-1 ,850

2-3,320
10-1,200

10-250
ND-234

NO-85
ND-70.2
ND-12.5
NO-0.36
0.867-13
NO-. 04
200-2.500
ND-5.6
NO-4.06
Sobotka
Report
(44 sites)
5.4-8.0
0-7.375
1,900-25,873
1,400-16,120
28-2.835

7-21,600
440-50.450
5-6,384

0.8-9,380
120-5,475
0.12-0.790
8-500

47.3-938
11.3-1,200
4.5-78.2
0-50.95


0.010-5.07
0-0.08
0.01-10
0.001-0.01

0-01
95.5-2.100
0.001-1.0
0.003-0.32
                                3-4

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TABLE 3-2
CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATION RANGES
IN LEACHATE REPORTED IN THE LITERATURE
[All Concentrations in mg/l (ppm)]
PAGE TWO

Cyanide
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Molybdenum
Nickel
Potassium
Sodium
Titanium
Vanadium
Zinc
George
(1972)

0.2-5,300
0-5.0
16.5-15,600
0.06-1,400



2.8-3.770
0-7,700


0-1.000
Chian/
DeWalle
(1977)

0-2.820
<0.10-2.0
17-15.600
0.09-125



28-3,770
0-7,700


0-370
Metry/Cross
(1975)

0.12-1,700

64-547
13



28-3.800
85-3.800


0.03-135
Cameron
(1978)
0-0.11
0.2-5.500
0-5.0
16.5-15,600
0.06-1,400
0-0.064
0-0.52
0.01-0.8
2.8-3.770
0-7,700
0-5.0
0-1.4
0-1.000
Wisconsin
Report
(20 sites)
NO-6
ND-1,500
0-14.2
NO-780
ND-31.1
NO-0.01
0.01-1.43
ND-7.5
NO-2.800
12-6.010
<0.01
0.01
ND-731
Sobotka
Report
(44 sites)
0-4.0
0.22-1,400
0.001-1.11
76-927
0.03-43
0-0.02

0.01-1.25
30-1,375



0.01-67
All concentrations in mg/1 except pH (std units) and Sp. Cond. (ymhos/cm).
NO » Not detected
Source: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Report
                                        3-5

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3.2  INDICATOR PARAMETER OBSERVATIONS

3.2.1   Dissolved Solids

Dissolved solids can be measured directly as Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) or as specific
conductance.  There  is  a direct correlation between these two  measurements.
Occasionally, only the in-situ measurement specific conductance is reported.

Factors affecting specific conductance values of leachate include

     •  Runoff of water into the collection system
     •  Landfill operational values
     •  Contact of leachate with the lower layers of refuse
     •  Groundwater dilution
     •  Age of landfill

Specific conductance  ranges and  median  values from  leachate  samples from
18 Wisconsin municipal waste landfills are displayed in Figure A-1, Appendix A.

These relatively high  specific-conductance  values for leachate reflect the highly
mineralized nature of municipal solid waste leachate.

The  wide variation in specific conductance of leachate between the  different
Wisconsin sites and even within an individual site sampled at different times reflects
the tremendous variability in the overall leachate strength. This variation makes it
difficult to define a typical concentration range, but emphasizes the importance of
identifying the variables that affect leachate quality.

No significant reduction in specific conductance has been observed at Wisconsin
landfills with time, although this is not expected, since they are still active and
relatively young.

The dissolved solids content of Wisconsin leachates puts them in the high-hazard
classification for irrigation waters (EPA, 1973).
                                     3-6

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                       Comparison of Published Values
                for Ranges of Specific Conductance (umhos/cm)
                  Chian, DeWalle              2,810-16,800
                  Metry, Cross                   100-1,200
                  Wisconsin                     480-72,500


3.2.2   Suspended Solids

Factors affecting leachate suspended solid values include the following:


     •  The degree of well development and the filtering action of the gravel pack
     •  Filters in leachate collection pipes
     •  Surface water runoff


Suspended solids analyses from 14 Wisconsin landfills are summarized in Figure A-2,
Appendix A. The ranges are quite broad and reflect variability at most sites.


The suspended  solids concentrations  found in Wisconsin municipal solid waste
(MSW) leachates are comparable  to those reported in the literature for other
leachates (Table 3-2).

                Comparison of Published Values in mg/l (ppm)

             Total Solids (mg/l)
                Chian, OeWalle                       0-59,200
                Sobotka                           1,900-25,873
             Total Dissolved Solids in mg/l (ppm)
                George                               0-42,276
                Chian, OeWaile                     584-44,900
                Metry, Cross                         100-51,000
                Cameron                             0-42,300
               Wisconsin                           584-50,430
                Sobotka                           1,400-16,120
             Total Suspended Solids in mg/l (ppm)
                George                                 6-2,685
               Chian, DeWalle                         10-700
                Metry, Cross                           13-26,500
               Wisconsin                            2-140,900
               Sobotka                              28-2,835
                                   3-7

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This great variation in values indicates that reporting of data in  "averages" or
"means" is meaningless and that data should be reported in ranges.

3.2.3  Oroanics

Factors affecting leachate organic concentration noted by the Wisconsin  report
include the following:

     •  Site age -The leachate's biological oxygen demand (BOD) decreases faster
        than the chemical oxygen demand (COD).

     •  A  landfill's methanogenic  bacterial  community-This results  in  the
        depletion of easily degraded compounds, while refractory organics remain
        relatively inert and make the COD more resistant to change.

     •  Oxygen demand concentration patterns  over time-This reflects some of
        the influences of site design and operational variations.

     •  BOD values - High values are usually found in the spring or summer.

     •  Dilution of leachate by surface water and rainwater.

     •  Variability overtime.

The  leachate BOD concentrations from  16Wisconsin  landfills  are  presented in
Appendix A  in Figure A-3.   The number of samples per site ranged from  5 to
1,060,_and the results were primarily reported by treatment plants that accepted
the leachate. The COD ranges are presented in Figure A-4, although less extensive
than the number of BOD samples.  COD samples were obtained from 19 sites and
were represented with 1 to 188 samples per site.

BOD values ranged from undetected to 195,000 mg/l (ppm).  COD  values ranged
from less than 50 to 100,000 mg/l (ppm).
                                   3-8

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             Comparison of Literature Values for BOD in mg/l (ppm)

              George                                  9-54,610
              Chian, DeWalle                          81-33,360
              Metry, Cross                         2,200-720,000
              Cameron                                9-55,000
              Wisconsin                              ND-195,000
              Sobotka                                 7-21,600
             Comparison of Literature Values for COO in mg/l (ppm)

              George                                  0-89,520
              Chian, DeWalle                          40-89,520
              Metry, Cross                           800-750,000
              Cameron                                  0-9,000
              Wisconsin                              6.6-97,900
              Sobotka                               440-50,450
             Comparison of Literature Values for TOC in mg/l (ppm)

             Chian, DeWalle                         256-28,000
             Wisconsin              '                ND-30,500
             Sobotka                                  5-6,884

             ND - Not Detected


The extreme ranges of these parameters within each individual site and within
different sites indicate the need to report these values in "ranges" rather than as
"averages"  or  "means."   Calculation  of  statistical parameters  may also  be
meaningless.


3.2.4   £H


The following factors may affect leachate pH concentrations.


    •  Site conditions (nature of local soils).


    •  Surface water dilution/infiltrating groundwater.
                                   3-9

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     •  Refuse stability -Leachate pH  generally rises from a  low of about  5  to
        neutrality as the refuse stabilizes.


     •  Decreasing BOD - As the BOD decreases, the pH rises; this change reflects
        the reduction in organic acid concentration.


Figure A-5, in Appendix A, depicts the pH values of the monitored sites in Wisconsin.
Evaluation of these data indicates that the overall range for pH is from 5 to 9.


The pH  values reported for leachates at Wisconsin landfills were closer to neutral
than pH 3.7, the value reported in the literature.

               Comparison of Literature Values for pH (pH Units)

                  George                             3.7-8.5
                  Chian, DeWalle                     3.7-8.5
                  Metry, Cross                        3.7-8.5
                  Cameron                           3.7-8.5
                  Wisconsin                             5-8.9
                  Sobotka                            5.4-8.0


3.2.5  Alkalinity


Factors affecting leachate alkalinity concentrations include the following:


     •  Leachate from older stabilized fills with  lower COD values had alkalinities
        largely attributable to the carbonate-bicarbonate system.


     •  Stronger COD leachates from  younger fills had  alkalinities derived from
        organic acids.


     •  As the refuse stabilizes and the concentrations  of other parameters are
        reduced, the alkalinities are also expected to decrease.


The total alkalinity results from UWisconsin landfills are presented in Appendix A,
Figure A-6. The reported alkalinity concentrations in Wisconsin landfill leachates
are well within the ranges reported as typical municipal landfill leachate.
                                    3-10

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           Comparison of Literature Values for Alkalinity in mg/l (ppm)

              George                                  0-20,850
              Chian, DeWalle                           0-20,850
              Metry, Cross                            310-9,500
              Cameron                                0-20,900
              Wisconsin                             ND-15,050
              Sobotka                                 0-7,375

              ND - Not Detected


Again, the extreme variation in values indicates the need to report data in ranges
rather than as averages or means.


3.2.6   Hardness


Calcium and  magnesium are the principal contributors to hardness,  but iron,
manganese, and possibly zinc are contributors. A plot of  the range and median
values for hardness from 14 Wisconsin landfills is shown in Appendix A, Figure A-7.
This figure presents 404 values from collection systems and headwells.


The hardness values were much higher in leachates reported in the Wisconsin study
than in published data,  as were the pH values.  These increased values result from
the strata on which the Wisconsin sites are located.

           Comparison of Literature Values for Hardness in mg/l (ppm)

              George                                 0-22,800
              Chian, DeWalle                          0-22,800
              Metry, Cross                             35-8,700
              Cameron                               0-22,800
              Wisconsin                             52-225,000
              Sobotka                                0.8-9,380
                                   3-11

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3.3  MAJOR CONTAMINANTS


3.3.1   Nitrogen

The following factors affect leachate nitrogen concentration values:


     •  Newer sites  and  sites  with  dilute  leachate  have  lower  nitrogen
        concentrations.


     •  Deeper refuse sites tend to have higher nitrogen concentrations.


The analysis results for total-Kjeldahl-nitrogen and ammonia-nitrogen in Wisconsin
landfill  leachate are graphically  depicted in Figures A-8 and A-9 in Appendix A.
These figures show the ranges and median values for 9 and 11 sites, respectively.


The values reported  for total-Kjeldahl-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, and nitrate-
nitrite-nitrogen are comparable to those reported for typical municipal solid waste
leachate.  Figure A-10 shows the range and median  value for leachate nitrate
nitrogen for the Wisconsin landfills,

                 Comparison of Literature Values in mg/l (ppm)

              Total-Kjeidahl-Nitrogen
                 George                                0-1,416
                 Wisconsin                              2-3,320
                 Sobotka                             47.3-938
              Ammonia-Nitrogen
                 George                                0-1,106
                 Chian, DeWalle                        0-1,106
                 Metry, Cross                           0.2-845
                 Cameron                              0-1,106
                 Sobotka                            11.3-1,200
                 Wisconsin                             10-1,200
              Organic-Nitrogen
                 Metry, Cross                           2.4-550
                 Sobotka                              4.5-78.2
              Nitrate-Nitrogen
                 George                                0-1,300
                 Chian, DeWalle                      0.2-10.29
                 Metry, Cross                            4.5-18
                 Sobotka                               0-50.95
                 Wisconsin                               0-250
                                    3-12

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 3.3.2   Phosphorus

 Figure A-11,  in  Appendix  A, shows  the range  and  median  values  for  total
 phosphorus concentrations at 11 Wisconsin landfills.  The ranges of phosphorus
 concentrations show that Wisconsin  municipal waste  leachates are  generally
 comparable to other sites.

                       Comparison of Literature Values
                      for Total Phosphorus in mg/l (ppm)
                   George                           1-154
                   Chian, OeWalle                    0-130
                   Wisconsin                      ND-234
                      NO - Not Detected

 3.3.3  Chloride

 Chloride is a  common  constituent  of solid waste and can  be found  in  high
 concentrations in landfill leachate.  The ranges and median values for leachate
 chloride concentrations from  15 Wisconsin landfills are presented in  Figure A-12,
 Appendix A. For most sites the concentrations are below 2,500 mg/l (ppm), and the
 variation within a site is generally less than a range of 1,500 mg/l (ppm).

 3.3.4  Sulfur

 These factors affect leachate sulfur concentrations.

     •  The powerful  precipitating ability of sulfides  probably precludes the
        movement of sulfide out of the landfill in leachate.

 Sulfate concentrations in Wisconsin  landfill leachates  ranged from less than 1  to
 more than  1,850 mg/l (ppm).  Site median values fall within a relatively narrow
 range  of  100 to  500 mg/l  (ppm).  The  upper end of  the leachate sulfate
 concentration  range at most Wisconsin landfills exceeded 1,000 mg/l (ppm), and
 many values exceeded the Secondary Drinking Water Standard of  250 mg/l (ppm).
The  range of  sulfate concentrations from 11 Wisconsin  landfills  is presented  in
 Figure A-13 in Appendix A.
                                   3-13

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3.3.5   Calcium

Calcium concentrations of municipal solid waste (MSW) leachates in Wisconsin were
available from 7 sites, with a total of 9 values. The concentrations reported ranged
from 200 to 2,500 mg/l (ppm), and six of the nine values were evenly distributed
between 200 and 700 mg/l (ppm).  The overall concentration range is in general
agreement with that reported in the literature for other MSW leachates, although
the literature-reported extremes of 4,000-7,000 mg/l (ppm) were never reported at
Wisconsin sites.

No drinking water standard exists for calcium. Wisconsin leachates are considered
very hard, based on the calcium content alone.

           Comparison of Literature Values for Calcium in mg/l (ppm)
              George                                  5-4,080
              Chian, DeWalle                          60-7,200
              Metry, Cross                            240-2,570
              Cameron                                 5-4,000
              Wisconsin                              200-2,500
              Sobotka                              95.5-2,100

3.3.6   Magnesium

In nine samples from seven landfills, the concentration of magnesium in Wisconsin
MSW  leachates ranged from 120 to 780 mg/l  (ppm).  Most of the magnesium
concentrations of leachates reported in the literature were below 1,000 mg/l (ppm),
although the overall range of 17-15,600 mg/l (ppm)  (Table 3-2) showed extreme
values considerably in excess of leachate concentrations found in Wisconsin.

No drinking water standard has been established for magnesium, but Wisconsin
leachates generally  exceed environmental concentrations (aquifers and surface
water).
                                   3-14

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         Comparison of Literature Values for Magnesium in mg/l) (ppm)

               George                           16.5-15,600
               Chian, DeWalle                      17-15,600
               Metry, Cross                           64-547
               Cameron                          16.5-15,600
               Wisconsin                            ND-780
               Sobotka                              76-927
                ND - Not Detected

 3.3.7   Sodium

 Concentrations for sodium in Wisconsin  landfills are reported in Figure A-14 in
 Appendix A. Sodium is the most commonly analyzed cation in Wisconsin municipal
 landfill leachate.  Leachate concentrations ranged from 12 to 6,010 mg/l (ppm).
 Leachates exceeded the natural sodium  concentrations in groundwater [range
 0.0-107 mg/l (ppm), median 3.3 mg/l (ppm)] and surface waters [Wolf River: 2 mg/l
 (ppm), Lake Michigan:  4.5 mg/l (ppm)].  Primary Drinking Water Standards for
 sodium,  based  on  dietary  restrictions,  were  also  exceeded  270 mg/l  (ppm)
 (USEPA, 1976).

            Comparison of Literature Values for Sodium in mg/l (ppm)
              George                                 0-7,700
              Chian, DeWalle                         0-7,700
              Metry, Cross                           85-3,800
              Cameron                               0-7,700
              Wisconsin                             12-6,010

3.3.8  Potassium

Wisconsin  leachate  potassium  concentrations  were  well  in excess   of the
concentrations found naturally in state waters. The leachate range was from less
than 20 to 2,800 mg/l (ppm).
                                  3-15

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          Comparison of Literature Values for Potassium in mg/l (ppm)

                George                            2.8-3,770
                Chian, DeWalle                     28-3,770
                Metry, Cross                        28-3,800
                Cameron                           2.8-3,770
                Wisconsin                          ND-2,800
                Sobotka                            30-1,375
                NO - Not Detected
3.3.9   Iron

The concentrations of iron found in leachates from Wisconsin landfills were usually
in excess of the Secondary Drinking Water Standard of 0.3 mg/l (ppm). Many values
were  100 to  1,000 times greater than  this.   They  also exceed the typically
encountered concentrations of iron in natural waters. Leachate iron concentrations
were available from 17 Wisconsin landfills. Presented in Figure A-15 in Appendix A
are 416 analysis results with 1 to 86 samples from each landfill.

             Comparison  of Literature Values for Iron in mg/l (ppm)
                  George           '             0.2-5,500
                  Chian, DeWalle                  0-2,820
                  Metry, Cross                  0.12-1,700
                  Cameron                       0.2-5,500
                  Wisconsin                      ND-1,500
                  Sobotka                      0.22-1,400
                  ND-Not Detected

3.3.10   Manganese

Data on manganese concentrations  in Wisconsin leachates are  available  from
11 landfills with 67 analysis results.  The  ranges and  median histogram for these
values are presented in Figure A-16.

The overall range was  from  undetected  to 31 mg/l (ppm), although most values
were between 2 and 10 mg/l (ppm). Nearly all the leachates analyzed exceeded the
Secondary Drinking Water Standard of 0.05 mg/l (ppm).
                                   3-16

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          Comparison of Literature Values for Manganese in mg/l (ppm)

                George                            0.06-1,400
                Chian, DeWalle                       0.09-125
                Metry, Cross                               13
                Cameron                           0.06-1,400
                Wisconsin                            ND-31.1
                Sobotka                              0.03-43

                ND - Not Detected


 3.4  INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS


 Inorganic contaminants are broken into the following categories:


     •  Primary Drinking Water Standards
     •  Other Priority Pollutants
     •  Other Inorganics


 It is also important to refer to the maximum concentration values established by the
 EPA indicating characteristics of EP toxicity. If these values are exceeded, the waste
 material is classified as hazardous. The values are as follows:

                Arsenic                    5.0 mg/l (ppm)
                Barium                  100.0 mg/r(ppm)
                Cadmium                  1.0 mg/l (ppm)
                Chromium                 5.0 mg/l (ppm)
                Lead                      5.0 mg/l (ppm)
                Mercury                    0.2 mg/l (ppm)
                Selenium                   1.0 mg/l (ppm)
                Silver                      5.0 mg/l (ppm)


3.4.1   Primary Drinking Water Standards


The Primary Drinking Water Standards were established by the EPA (and adopted by
the State of Wisconsin), based on health considerations. The inorganic parameters
for which primary drinking water standards have been  established are listed  in
Table 3-3, along with pertinent environmental criteria. These parameters include
arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, silver, and fluoride.
Analysis for these parameters in leachate has varied, and routine analysis is more
                                   3-17

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                                    TABLE 3-3

         NUMERICAL STANDARDS FOR PRIMARY DRINKING WATER STANDARDS
                          [All Concentrations in mg/l (ppm)]
Parameter
Arsenic (As)
Barium (Ba)
Cadmium (Cd)
Chromium (Cr)
Lead (Pb)
Mercury (Hg)
Selenium (Se)
Silver (Ag)
Fluoride (F)
Nitrate (NO3')
Drinking
Water
Standard (D
0.05
1
0.01
0.05
0.05
0.002
0.01
0.05
1.4-2.4
10
USEPA 1980
Criteria for
Human Health W
0.0000022

0.01
170( + 3)
0.05
0.000144
0.01
0.05


Wisconsin Water
Quality Criteria
(daily maximum) (3)
1.5

0.07
11.7
1.07
0.002
1.03
0.008


Maximum
Concentration
for Characteristic
of EP Toxicity
5.0
100.0
1.0
5.0
5.0
0.2
1.0
5.0


Sources:
      (1):  U.S. Public Health Service, 1962.
      (2):  USEPA, 1980, criteria based on both water and organism ingestion.
      (3):  DNR files, 1984, for protection  of Wisconsin  warm-water fish and aquatic life
          (water hardness 100 mg/l-CaCOs)

      Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Report
                                      3-18

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 the exception than the rule. The following subsections discuss the results available.
 The only other inorganic primary drinking water standard is for nitrate, which is
 examined in Section 3.3.1.

 3.4.1.1  Arsenic

 Precipitation and absorption of ions may be a significant mechanism controlling the
 presence of arsenic in landfill leachate.

 In Figure A-17,  Appendix A, 112 arsenic analysis results from 13 Wisconsin landfills
 are presented.  Of the 13 sites, 3 (1099, 1678, and 1739) had values that exceeded
 the Primary Drinking Water Standard of 0.05 mg/l (ppm). All of these sites accepted
 municipal solid waste and industrial waste. Two also accepted  hazardous waste
 material.   All  other  sites  had median  leachate arsenic concentrations  below
 0.02 mg/l  (ppm).  The concentration of arsenic found  in Wisconsin  leachates is
 generally equal to or lower than the few concentrations reported in the literature
 for other sites.

            Comparison of Literature Values for Arsenic in mg/l (ppm)
                 Cameron                            0-11.6
                 Wisconsin                         ND-70.2
                 Sobotka                             0-0.08
                  ND - Not Detected

 3.4.1.2  Barium

 Barium concentrations in Wisconsin landfill leachates exceeded the detection limits
 at 8 of the 11 sites where barium was analyzed. Two of the sites, where barium was
 not detected, had detection limits within the commonly detected range. Overall,
 barium  concentrations  found  in  Wisconsin  landfill  leachates   ranged  from
 nondetected to 12.5 mg/l (ppm), based on  the analysis of 73 leachate samples.  The
 range for each site is shown in Figure A-18.

 Leachate barium concentrations exceeded  the Primary Drinking Water Standard of
 1 mg/l (ppm) at  Sites 11, 1099, 1678, 1739,  2822, and 2895.  Site 2895 accepted only
municipal solid waste.  All others reported accepting industrial waste, with two sites
                                   3-19

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also accepting hazardous waste (see Table 3-1 for site descriptions and Figure 3-1
for site locations).

            Comparison of Literature Values for Barium in mg/l (ppm)
               Cameron                                0-5.4
               Wisconsin                             ND-12.5
               Sobotka                               0.01-10
               ND - Not Detected

3.4.1.3  Cadmium

The cadmium analysis results of leachates from 16 Wisconsin landfills are presented
in Figure A-19, where the ranges and median values are indicated. Results from
158 analyses were available, ranging from 1 to 31 results at each site.

Leachates from most sites exceeded  the Primary Drinking Water Standard  of
0.01 mg/l (ppm). Most leachates analyzed were within the range of 0.01 to 0.1 mg/l
(ppm).

           Comparison of Literature Values for Cadmium in mg/l (ppm)
              Chian, DeWalle                           0.03-17
              Cameron                                 0-0.19
              Wisconsin                                 ND-0.4
              Sobotka                                   0-0.1
              ND - Not Detected

3.4.1.4  Chromium

In Figure A-20, the ranges and medians for leachate total chromium analysis from
16 Wisconsin landfills are presented.

The overall concentrations of chromium in the leachates ranged from undetected to
5.6 mg/l (ppm). The  majority of these values were above  the Primary Drinking
Water Standard  of 0.05 mg/l  (ppm).  Leachates exceed the typical waste water
concentration  of  0.125 mg/l  (ppm).  Leachates  also  exceed typical  Wisconsin
groundwater levels.
                                   3-20

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          Comparison of Literature Values for Chromium in mg/l (ppm)
                Cameron                              0-33.4
                Wisconsin                             ND-5.6
                Sobotka                             .001-1.0
                 ND - Not Detected

3.4.1.5  Lead

The  results of 142 Wisconsin  landfill leachate  lead  analyses from  15 sites were
reported and are presented in Figure A-21.

The  leachate lead concentrations ranged from  nondetectable to 12.6 mg/l (ppm).
These concentrations are considerably in excess of concentrations typically found in
the environment. The Primary Drinking Water Standard is 0.05 mg/l (ppm).

The  median  lead concentrations  are  arranged  in  a  frequency-of-occurrence
histogram in Figure A-21.  It is apparent that new sites (2892)  and sites with
relatively weak leachates (0011) have lead concentrations typically less than 0.1 mg/l
(ppm).  Newer  sites  with medium-strength   leachates  (2895)  may  have lead
concentrations from 0.1 -0.3 mg/l (ppm), and sites with high-strength leachates and
a  history  of  industrial  waste  co-disposal (1678)  may have  leachate lead
concentrations typically greater than 0.3 mg/l  (ppm) and potentially as high  as
10 mg/l (ppm). Table 3-1 lists site descriptions and Figure 3-1 depicts their location.

Typical municipal wastewaters, according to the Wisconsin Report, have lead
concentrations of 0.050 to 0.100 mg/l  (ppm).  Landfill leachates in Wisconsin have
5 to 10 times this amount.

            Comparison of Literature Values for Lead in mg/l (ppm)
                George                                 0-5.0
                Chian, DeWalle                      <0.10-2.0
                Cameron                               0-5.0
                Wisconsin                              0-14.2
                Sobotka                           0.001-1.11
                                   3-21

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3.4.1.6  Mercury

Although mercury typically has the lowest concentrations of any Primary Drinking
Water Standard in leachate, its great toxicity makes its evaluation important.

The concentration ranges of mercury in Wisconsin landfill leachate are presented as
ranges and  medians in Figure A-22.  The  Primary  Drinking Water Standard for
mercury is 0.002 mg/l (ppm), and this level was exceeded or attained at least once by
leachates from six sites.

Site median values  show that although mercury concentrations can  exceed the
Primary Drinking Water Standard, typical concentrations, ranging from 0.0001 to
0.001  mg/l (ppm), are below this standard.

            Comparison of Literature Values for Mercury in mg/l (ppm)
               Cameron                               0-0.064
               Wisconsin                              ND-0.01
               Sobotka                                 0-0.02
               ND - Not Detected

3.4.1.7  Selenium

Selenium  analysis  results for  Wisconsin  landfill  leachates  are   presented  in
Figure A-23. Analysis of leachate for selenium was performed on  121 samples from
nine landfills in Wisconsin.

Concentration ranges extended to 1.85 mg/l  (ppm).  It is apparent that selenium
concentrations do not typically exceed the Primary Drinking Water Standard of
0.01 mg/l (ppm). Two  sites whose  medians did  were  572 and 1739 (Table 3-1;
Figure 3-1).  Both of these sites are older and accepted industrial waste material.
Site 572 also accepted hazardous wastes. Because selenium is more soluble  as the
pH increases, most soils containing selenium are alkaline.

3.4.1.8  Silver

The concentrations of silver found in Wisconsin landfill leachates are presented in
Figure A-24. The overall concentrations detected ranged to 0.196 mg/l (ppm), and

                                    3-22

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 three sites had values at or above the Primary Drinking Water Standard of 0.05 mg/l
 (ppm).

 3.4.1.9  Fluoride

 Leachate  fluoride  concentrations  for  the  Wisconsin  landfills  ranged  from
 nondetectable to 0.74 mg/l  (ppm).  These leachate fluoride concentrations never
 exceeded the Primary Drinking Water Standard of 1.4-2.4 mg/l (ppm).

 3.4.2  Other Priority Pollutant Inorganics

 The inorganic compounds on the priority pollutant list include eight constituents in
 addition to those previously described.   These eight are antimony, beryllium,
 copper, cyanide, nickel, thallium, zinc, and asbestos.  Although these compounds
 are  recognized as toxic, many of their  environmental  impacts  are still being
 evaluated.

 Table 3-4  provides  a summary of  these  parameters.   Concentrations  of the
 parameters  in  environmental criteria and treatment systems are  shown.  A
 discussion of each contaminant follows.

 3.4.2.1  Antimony

 Antimony  analysis of MSW leachates was available for six Wisconsin sites with
 1-21 values each site, for a total of 76 analyses. They ranged from nondetected to
 3.19 mg/l (ppm), as shown in Figure A-25.  The individual values were distributed
throughout this range, with site medians  ranging from nondetected  to 0.56 mg/l
 (ppm).

The  USEPA (1979) has proposed a maximum concentration in water of 0.146 mg/l
 (ppm)  for  protection   of  human  health.    Where detected,  all  antimony
concentrations exceeded this level.

3.4.2.2  Beryllium

The overall range encountered at the Wisconsin landfills was from nondetected to
0.36 mg/l (ppm), as shown in  Figure A-26.
                                   3-23

-------
                                 TABLE 3-4

      NUMERICAL STANDARDS FOR OTHER PRIORITY POLLUTANT INORGANICS
                       [All Concentrations in mg/l (ppm)]
Parameter
Antimony (Sb)
Beryllium (Be)
Copper (Cu)
Cyanide (Cn)
Nickel (Ni)
Thallium (Tl)
Zinc (Zn)
Secondary Drinking
Water Standard 0>


1



5
USEPA 1980 Criteria
for Human Health <2)
0.146
0.0000068
1
0.2
0.0134
0.013
5
Wisconsin Water
Quality Criteria
(daily maximum) (3)
13
1.7
0.026
0.095
2.7
1.41
0.46
Sources:
   (1): U.S. Public Health Service, 1962
   (2): USEPA, 1980, criteria based on both water and organism ingestion
   (3): Department of Natural Resources (DNR) files, 1984, for protection of Wisconsin
       warm-water fish and aquatic life (water hardness 100 mg/l-CaCOa)

   Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Report
                                    3-24

-------
 The median  beryllium concentrations  in  leachates from  all sites were  below
 0.005 mg/l  (ppm).   The proposed drinking water  standard  for beryllium  is
 0.000087 mg/l (ppm).
           Comparison of Literature Values for Beryllium in mg/l (ppm)
              Cameron                                  0-0.3
              Wisconsin                               ND-0.36
              Sobotka                              0.001-0.01
              NO - Not Detected

 3.4.2.3  Copper

 Copper analyses are  available for 17 Wisconsin sites with  1-25 values each.  The
 138 values are plotted in range and median graphs in Figure A-27. Overall copper
 concentrations detected ranged from less than 0.01 mg/l (ppm) to  4.06 mg/l (ppm).
 Copper values in Wisconsin aquifers range from 0.0-2.4 mg/l (ppm).

            Comparison of Literature Values for Copper in mg/l (ppm)
              George                                   0-9.9
              Chian, DeWalle                            0-9.9
              Cameron                                  0-10
              Wisconsin                              ND-4.06
              Sobotka                             0.003-0.32
               ND - Not Detected

 3.4.2.4  Cyanide

 Cyanide analyses of MSW leachates were reported for eight Wisconsin sites. A total
 of 86 values were reported, with the number of values ranging from 1-17 per site.
The values varied from less than 0.001 to 0.99 mg/l (ppm) (Figure A-28). The median
cyanide concentrations are shown  in  a frequency-of-occurrence histogram in
Figure A-28. Site 572  had  a median concentration of 0.25 mg/l, and the other sites
all had  median concentrations below 0.1 mg/l (ppm). Site 572 (Table 3-1; Figure 3-1)
is an older site and has reported accepting municipal, industrial, and hazardous
wastes.  Two  sites exceeded the maximum allowable cyanide concentration in
drinking water of 0.2 mg/l  (ppm).
                                   3-25

-------
           Comparison of Literature Values for Cyanide in mg/l (ppm)
                 Cameron                            0-0.11
                 Wisconsin                            ND-6
                 Sobotka                             0-4.0
               ND - Not Detected

3.4.2.5  Nickel

Leachate nickel analysis results were available for 16 Wisconsin landfills with  1 to
24 values each, for a total of 133 analyses. The overall range detected was from less
than 0.01 to 7.5 mg/l (ppm). Leachates that contained maximum concentrations of
nickel exceeding 1 mg/l (ppm) came from three codisposal sites, (572,1099, 1678)
and  from a  site containing  primarily  municipal  refuse  (2575).   Table 3-1  lists
important details about these sites and Figure 3-1 shows their location.  The ranges
of leachate nickel are shown in Figure A-29.

The U.S. EPA (1980)  has proposed a water quality standard of 0.013 mg/l (ppm) for
nickel. Nearly all leachate analyses exceeded this level.

             Comparison of Literature Values for Nickel in mg/l (ppm)
               Cameron                              0.01-0.8
               Wisconsin                              ND-7.5
               Sobotka                              0.01-1.25
               ND - Not Detected

3.4.2.6  Thallium

Thallium  analyses  of municipal  solid  waste  leachates  were  available  for
six Wisconsin sites with 1-19 values each, for a total of 70 values. The overall range
encountered was from less than 0.001 to 0.78 mg/l  (ppm), with individual analyses
widely spread throughout this range (Figure A-30).

The USEPA (1979) proposed a drinking  water standard for thallium of 0.013 mg/l
(ppm). Several leachates exceed this value.
                                    3-26

-------
 3.4.2.7  Zinc

 Zinc  analysis  results  of Wisconsin leachates were  available for  17 sites with
 1-30 values each for a total of 158 values. The overall range detected was from less
 than  0.01 to 731 mg/l (ppm). The  individual site ranges and median values have
 been plotted in Figure A-31.

 The  Secondary Drinking  Water  Standard  is  5 mg/l  (ppm).    Leachate zinc
 concentrations frequently exceed  the  Secondary Drinking Water  Standard and
 always exceed the aquatic life criterion [0.07 mg/l (ppm)].

              Comparison of Literature Values for Zinc in mg/l (ppm)
                George                                0-1,000
                Chian, DeWalle                           0-370
                Metry, Cross                          0.03-135
                Cameron                               0-1,000
                Wisconsin                              ND-731
                Sobotka                               0.01-67
                ND - Not Detected

 3.4.2.8  Asbestos

 Results  of the one leachate analysis for asbestos  fibers at Site 2822 revealed
 nondetectable concentrations (1.03 x 106 fibers per liter).

 3.4.3   Other Inorganic Contaminants

 In addition to the parameters previously discussed, several municipal solid waste
 leachates in Wisconsin have been analyzed on a nonroutine basis for a wide variety
of other potential contaminants. Some parameters have only been analyzed at
one site on a one-time basis, whereas others may have been analyzed several times.

Considering  the variability demonstrated by other parameters for which there are
considerably more data, the probable variability of these contaminants in different
leachates is high.
                                   3-27

-------
A summary of the test results for all parameters discussed in this section is presented
in  Table 3-5 along with comparative information from the  literature.   A brief
discussion of each contaminant follows.

3.4.3.1  Aluminum

Aluminum analysis of leachates was performed at five Wisconsin landfills on a total
of nine  samples.   Three Wisconsin landfills,  572, 2569, and 2822  (Table 3-1;
Figure 3-1),  reported  Ieachate aluminum  concentrations  below  1 mg/l  (ppm).
Site 2569 reports accepting  only  municipal  waste;  Site 2822 reports accepting
municipal and  industrial wastes;  and Site 572  reports  accepting  municipal,
industrial, and hazardous wastes.  Another site, 307, reported Ieachate aluminum
concentrations of 4.5 and 5.6 mg/l  (ppm);  and a  third site, 1099, reported a
concentration  of 85 mg/l  (ppm).  This  site  accepted  municipal,  industrial,  and
hazardous wastes.

These Ieachate aluminum concentrations at Wisconsin landfills are comparable to
the Ieachate aluminum concentration  range of 0-122 mg/l  (ppm) reported by
Cameron (1978).

          Comparison of Literature Values for Aluminum in mg/l (ppm)
                Cameron                               0-122
                Wisconsin                             ND-85
                Sobotka                          0.010-5.07
                 ND - Not Detected

A  maximum aluminum concentration in drinking water  supplies has not been
established, but a 5 mg/l (ppm) limit has been recommended by the EPA (1973) for
livestock and irrigation waters.  Only  one Ieachate substantially exceeded this
limit-the report  for Site 1099 [85 mg/l (ppm)]. Site 1099 data (Table 3-1)  indicates
this site accepted municipal, industrial, and hazardous wastes.

3.4.3.2  Boron

Seven landfills in Wisconsin have analyzed  Ieachate for  boron,  and a total of
15 analytical  results are available.  Overall  boron  concentrations ranged from
                                   3-28

-------
                                  TABLE 3-5

           SUMMARY OF RESULTS FOR OTHER INORGANIC CONTAMINANTS
                        [All Concentrations in mg/l (ppm)]
Parameter
Aluminum (Al)
Boron (B)
Cobalt (Co)
Molybdenum (Mo)
Tin (Sn)
Titanium (Ti)
Vanadium (V)
Yttrium (Y)
Wisconsin Landfill Leachates
Number of Samples
9
15
1
7
3
1
1
1
Range of
Concentrations
0.01-85
0.867-13
<0.25
0.01-1.43
0-0.08
<0.01
0.01
<0.017
Range in Other
Leachates
0-122
0.3-73
0.004-0.07
0-0.52
0
0-5
0-1.4

Source: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Report
                                   3-29

-------
nondetected to 13mg/l (ppm). Site maximums were commonly from 4to 8 mg/l
(ppm).

A drinking water standard has not been proposed for boron, but the EPA (1973) has
recommended a maximum boron content in livestock  waters of 5 mg/l (ppm) and
in irrigation waters of 0.75 mg/l (ppm).  The two leachates tested were at the
livestock limit and were well in excess of the irrigation limit.

3.4.3.3  Molybdenum

Molybdenum analysis was performed on leachates from three Wisconsin landfills.
Five results from Site 1678 (which accepted municipal, industrial, and  hazardous
wastes, as indicated in Table 3-1) and one each from Sites 11 (accepted municipal
and industrial wastes) and 572 (accepted municipal, industrial, and  hazardous
wastes) are available.  The overall range of molybdenum concentrations in these
leachates was from 0.01 to  1.43 mg/l (ppm).  This concentration range is similar to,
although somewhat larger than,  the range reported by Cameron  (1978) for
leachates of 0 to 0,52 mg/l (ppm).

The concentrations  exceeded the recommended  levels for short-term irrigation
waters of 0.05 mg/l (ppm) (EPA, 1973).

         Comparison of Literature Values for Molybdenum in mg/l (ppm)
               Cameron                                0-0.52
               Wisconsin                            0.01-1.43

3.4.3.4 Cobalt and Vanadium

The values detected for these elements in a one-time analysis of leachate from a
Wisconsin site were less than 0.25 mg/l (ppm) for cobalt and 0.01 mg/l (ppm) for
vanadium. These elements are considered moderately mobile in soils.

          Comparison of Literature Values for Vanadium in mg/l (ppm)
                Cameron                              0-1.4
                Wisconsin                             0.01
                                   3-30

-------
 3.4.3.5     Tin,Titanium, and Yttrium

 Three analytical results for tin and one each for titanium and yttrium were available
 from Wisconsin municipal solid waste landfill leachates.  Of these elements, only tin
 was  present above detection limits.   No data  on other municipal solid  waste
 leachates or municipal wastewaters was available with which to compare these
 results.

            Comparison of Literature Values for Titanium in mg/l (ppm)
                 Cameron                               0-5.0
                 Wisconsin                            <0.01

 3.4.4  Sobotka Literature Data

 Table 3-6   summarizes   the    inorganic   leachate   concentration   values
 Sobotka & Co., Inc., obtained  through its literature search.  The sites are listed in
 Section 2.3.
          *                                                - -
 3.5  TRACE ORGANICS

 3.5.1   Introduction

 Leachate samples from nine Wisconsin  landfills were analyzed for priority pollutant
 organic compounds.   In Table 3-7, the  priority pollutant organics detected in
 Wisconsin leachates  are listed.   The analytical  results for these sites and  the
 frequency of detection in leachates from other states is also shown.

 From Table 3-7 it is apparent that approximately one half of the priority pollutant
 organic compounds were present in leachates and wastewaters.  Generally,  the
 volatiles, aromatic solvents, phenols, and phthalate esters were present. Few of the
 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and none of the nitrosamines  were detected.
 Pesticides and PCBs were also not commonly detected.

Within each of the major classes of organic compounds, the physical properties and
 nature of the toxicities can be similar. The results of the organic analyses have been
divided  into  major  classes   reflecting  these   similarities.  These   groups  are
                                    3-31

-------
                            T»bl«  3-6  Sobotka  Report:   Inorganic Data  From 44 Case  Studies
                                           (all concentrations 1nmg/l)
            «3l: 1s
TatJl
PtCGECN POINT
         OS

       7.i:

      51.53
       4741

      117.23
       1110
 DE

4.:

310
LITWELO
      CT

      4.4
                                                                                     CT
                                            1*08
                                            T»e

                                            41''.
                                                         E.ASTSSN
                                                         4UHEDH
                                                             CA
TSUI :':m: c!':f
V.il t.jllJftl «ttr:}»r
-•Ji "• ••>*"*
;«;=;;;
V.vitl
I':.!!:!,
:.»-.:»
isr-.r
?5". .J
:>:•;.*
r:ti '."'•:;;.»
C::5r
i'r
.ui
'!•:!••«
^•tury
Hi: '-it
|,l.v...
;.-:
Mj-J-sts
':)!|!i"'
sl-lr1"'
S;i;'?«tT
Mitrits * Nitrite
Cajilt
«4* S50 -5
<:5
. f • w
l) ^ A %('j T ,\ •, 1
0.34 •).: 3.s 0.2 •'.::
*a ^
3..
•'' 30C U; *3''
<\w* « -•.}•..:
M: ').)! o -;.-:
0.29 0.3 \:
<.:•'••: ••.
O.li ' -.19 O.Ots O.:0: -:/•:
v.i; 'i.o; o.o:: -•.<:
9.i3 3?o ::o 2*.* '.;;
0.-:9 O.I O.Js " •}.•)! -;.;•?:
•).49 ).«: *.:
0.0004 !!.;'X4 0.005 -?..':•:•
.\S» 0.04 -j.lt
v.c-1 o.y-: o.o: -.;.-/•:
0.08 :7 i;.i; 11.4: -,.}!
•1, «
• »T "! '"
o.o: ?.o2 0.03: •'•.•)!
3937 7840 2700 2SOO

O.H4
       t ctirodiui
  Source:  Sobotka Report
Neqitiv* vilucs indicits Jtt»ct:on huts »:r C3»pountis lot
Blanks  Indicate no  analysis  was performed

         3-32

-------
Table  3-6  continued

CCX£TI7JENT
:H
T.JH1 solids
Total saioind'd solids
Total dissolved solids
C>
-------
Table 3-6 continued

C3«TITUEI»T

jrt
Total solids
Total tusnenftd sal ids
Total dissolved solids
Tital alkalinity
Biclsqical a»v
-------
Table  3-6  continued
CONSTITUENT
Total sslidi
Tatil impended solid*
Total dmalvtd lolids
Total alkalinity   •
                                    New  Jersey
                                     TILLAHOCK  -
                                           MA  -

                                          7.2  -
   W0031128
OCEAN  COUNTY
    LANDFILL
         IU

        5.4
W005344"
   HARfl  S
 LANDFILL
      NJ
                                                                                              LANDFILL 4
                                                                                             DEVELOP^
                                                                                                     3.J
                                                                                                    W08
8ioloqi:al sc/qen dewd
Chtfi:al sivqen deiand
Total orqanic carSon
Tital t.'eldahl nitriseR
Tatil nitrsqen
Alien i a
1i trite
"it'at!
flf,.m, r .. k..*..
.r ^aHt . ni .. . ^ en
:ul'at!
CMriie
«...., „
" ieni c
3a* . ue
'.•ir.it
V.al CSiratsai
Cocc*r .
LHd
^"H!
Mercury
li:kel
SilriM
Soami
line
tatil slosphate
^arsness
CiUiua
tatiaanv
Strytliui
Silver
Thalhui
Conductivity
litnte » Nitrite
9oron
Catalt
Hetavalent chroniua
9044 :;:o
15820 U?00
-
-
-
152 224
-
-
-
™ W '
l4' " .}]:
.-» ). >9
0.34 - • • M.I:;
0,')2 - 0.04
0.05 - 0.02
0.1!
0.14 - 0.04
0.57 - '.4
0.0007 - 0.3w8
0.2
0.01 - 0.01 0.01
871 - 344
1.8 - 0.43 3.35
2.13
343 -
-
.
0.003
0.01 - 0.03
0.08
-
0.12 -
-
-
-
                            Ncqative values  indicate detection htits  for ceipounds not detected

                                                        3-35

-------
Table  3-6 continued
                               Wisconsin



CONSTITUENT

pH
ratal solids
Total suspended solids
Total dissolved solids
Total alkalinity
Biological oxygen Ittand
CJietical oiygtn deiand
Tatal orqani; carson
Total kjelJahl nitnqm
Tatal nitrogen
town a
MI trite
H'.rate
Cr^anic nitrogen
Sulfate
Mwr.di
Chloride
C-Mntdc
AUiinui
Arsenic
Cadini
Tatal CHrsiiM
Ccjaer
Ir:n
Ltad
lUanesim
lanqaness
Hercury
tick.l
Selenim
Sod in*
Zinc
Tatal phosphate
"ardness
Cilciui
htisstui
Afltnony
Berylhui
Silver


2484
CL'TAGARIE
MI
7.18

268
7676
6380
16*5
2113'
486
30'

336

-0.1

233

1400


-0.01
-2
-0.03
1
0.1
13.35
0.3
200
1.4
-0.00 I
0.13
-0.03

2
1.08
2240
321
560


-0.03
2368 2369
6REEN BAY SREEN BAY
KEST EAST 2373
(OECASTER) (DECLEENE) RIDGEVIEH
HI HI tl
6.4 6.43 6.3
5360
156 650
4178 9300
1504 2770
3048 8236 12000
3365 8530



223

0



340 10*0
-i
-1

-0.05 ' 0.04
-o.t o.«
-0.1 0.1
4 ' 29.5 333
-0.3 -0.5
210.3
2.37

-O.I 1.25

321 308
0.42 10
1.31 4.6
1823 3670
423
46.3 31





2i,;7
SUPER I IS
VI
7.1
*!ftO


1390

!220

233

:o?
•'\2
*" , to






•"."I
•'!, Ml?
; , ', 5
''.12

).:s


OJ'iO:
).l


3.11







Thilhui
Conductivity
Nitrite » Nitriti
Beran
Cobalt
Hexmltnt chrotiui
15485
4390
7633
                                                                                              -0.05

                                             Ntqitivt values indicate detection lints for caipounds not detected

                                                          3-36

-------
 Table 3-6  continued
                              Wisconsin

CONSTITUENT

pH
Total solids
Total suspended solids
Total dissolved solids
Total alkalinity
iiolooicil ar/qen ieiand
Chetical atysen deund
Total organic ciraon
Total kjeldaM nt'aqsn
Total nitrsqen
Attonia
Nitrite
Nitrate
Crqanic nitraqen
Sulfate
Flouride
Chloride
Cvaniie-
AUiinui
Arsenic
JiriM
Cii«iui
Total Chraiui
Capaer
Iran
Lead
1ao.nesiui
*ingjn«s*
Kereury
Nickel
Stltfiiui
Sodiui
line
Tatal phosphate
Hardness
Caluui
Patissiui
Afltucny
Bsrylhui
Sliver
Thill i«i
Conductivity
Nitrite + Nitrite
Boron
307
POU
HI
3.7
14780
1410
16120
3330
21600
30430-





1.38

133

885

3.07

0.3

0.33
>). 32
339

347
25.9



1198
34

4160
1970
1375




8183

7.13
621
NINNE3A60
Ml
6.3

28
2180
2630
740
3320
427


34

1.4



330


-).0l

-0,i)l
-0.06
-0.04
2.1
-0.01
120
0.03
-0.001
-0.07


-0.01
0.32
1481
200
75




3340


632
TOPK
«
6.32

140


«30
1136










0.003

0.002

0.013
0.06
0.03

O.I


0.0006
0.14
-0.02

0.13

3390


0.36
0.008
0.009
0.1
3804


719
OEUFIEL3
MI
7.21
10730
363
124*4
5730
3860
73"7Q

710

317
0.112
0.21
4.3
300

3SO




-0.01

-0.01
244


3.1

o.:

12
1.4
2.19







10130


17S»
PHEASANT RiJM
«
b.3

1303

2«30
333.5
23^0









'!'


».->•
2.5'
0.0!
o.::
0.3
la'
1.11


-0.0002
o.:
0.09

47.7
1.31
1030




-0.05

3000


Cobalt
Hemalent cbraiiui
                                                                        -0.003

                                                   values indicate detection lints  for cstoounds net ditectid

                                                        3-37

-------
Table 3-6 continued
                            Wisconsin


CONSTITUENT

PH
Total solids
Total suspended solids
Total dissolved solids
Total altalinit/
Biological oxygen deiand
CSesical oxygen ieeand
Total orqanic caraon
rstal kjeldahl mtraqio
Total nitrogen
Aoonia
Hi trite -
•dtrate
Organic nitrogen
Sul'iit
FIcuridi
CMsride
Cyanide'
Alueiiui
Arsem:
Banui
Cadiiua
Total CJiroam
Copper
r 0mm
Lead
"ag^esiut
lanqanese
nercury
Michel
Selenui
Sod:ui
Zuc
Total ghesahate
Hardness
Calciui
Potaisiui
Antieony
Beryl Hue
Silver
Thalliui
Conductivity
nitrate » Hi trite
Boron
2821
2680 SEVEN NILE
DANE CREEK
VI VI
5.4 5.9


5400
4290 2000

33500- 15500



170



210

1770 700


-0.02
-10
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
500 1400
-0.5
'30 ;!0
22
H3.02
-0.1
-0.02
1200 570
2.4

'380 3*00
2100 350
400 160


-0.05

15100 78CO

5.1

2822
JANESVILLE
VI
i.15
21873
2825


3300
9520







200

300
0.08!
0.01
0.001
5
0.07
0.05
0.09
150
0.07

1.35

0.02


0.84




-0.002
-0.01

0.31
9250



2892
MPATHQN
VI
6.68



?60
1150
2973

»8.it

26.08

0.75

HO

130


-0.005
-0.0 1
-0.01
0.01
•us
66.2
0.015


-0.0005
-0.01


0.03

1790






2840



28'T
1USKES3
«!


273


2T40
26*0

*7?,5

. «io
-0.01
0.14




0,02

0.015
0.4
).•)!!
0.13
0. ?!3

o.i:

\.i
A .V- t
O.Z7
o.o-:

i.«?
11M3


10?.?
0.00*
0.001
0.008
0.004


*.os
Cobalt
Hc:avaltnt chrjiiua
                                            Ntqativi  values indicate detection lints for c:ipcunds not detected
                                                          3-38

-------
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i:ro
'.O'O-
r/t
tee* - mi
- 090: .BC/S
00:1 - 0001
oit - iifi:
,.M'S
•ntiUJii
inisitjcj
silupltH
.jtudsoad inoi
•nipos
imu»i»s
W*
Ajr.:je«
iSJUffcut^
inisju.m
PUT
UCj]
J»3i53
•nitoj^ it;ci
•n>t?»3
nuig
nTnJ!
•pt*I«
ipuneij
wfcoj;ti «»!2
•>i-;«
tlbMtf
NteJ;i. wSi; r.5i
puHip uibxio inibojcig
/•51UTIHI? ]fiil
                                                                                                                       piputtsnt
                                                              -  9'9
 MM
 t!3iS3K30b
W.'
SMKDIHDOD^
NU
13IU36
111
3tn no ONDJ
BS2Z
                                                                                     IH

-------
Table 3-6 continued
CONSTITUENT
9*
Total  jot Us
Total  suspended solids
Totil  dissolved solids
Total  alkalinity
Btoloqical oxyqen detand
CtiMicil aivqtn detand
Totil
Totil  kje'dahl
Total
Cobalt
Hesavalent  chroiiut
Minnesota

      PINE BEN9
            NN
,1£CXER
    IN
                                                                                 HN
                                                                   6.3
4K HCIST
      HN
J«onu
Mitrate
SuHate
Flour i de
Chloride
C /an lie
Arsenic 0.012
c'iiui ").0t
Tctal CJiMiiui i), 013
Cwper 0.0!
Iron 47!
Lead 0.12
.laqnesiui
Nnqanese O.It
lercury
Nickel 0.')6
Seleniui
Sodiut
Zinc 0.13
Total phosphate
Hardness
Calcui
Potassiui
4nt;iony
Seryllui
Silver
ThalUui
Conductivity
Xitrate » Nitrite
Boron
43.J TOO

17

HO 9SO


•),oco: is.o;

0.0" 0.13
44 2:0
0.004
t "ft


0.47


o.ia 3*


"0





5*00
0.04
0.43
                                               Neqitivc vtluts indicate dttKtion  lints for csipounds tot detacttd

                                                           3-40

-------
Table  3-7   Analytical   Results of  Priority Pollutant  Organic  Compounds  Detected
                in  Wisconsin  Landfills
                                                                                                                                        Wisconsin

    4114 10  II    II    472   611  tOW  IOM  ION  lt>7«  1671  16)1   1671   167*   1671  1671  IH»  2461  24i»   2122   21914  2*44  2894  2*34  2Mb  2Mb      ij«.i»
    . iouic* Ci(IU( CSIRJI C4(M  Ci    CS  C4|«U)C4(IU)  Ci  C4(«2) CSt«i) C4(«l C4»W> C4(I»J ti(«4) C4IN6)  Ci   Ci   Ci   Ci  C4(M1|  C4UI C5(*l) l«(6tt »J(77)
44>|>U>(-!2 l«o *. f M> It fab M rte. Cane  I
                                                tononu.llun* In p«ti |»i ltilliwit«ctitpl Ml Ok I (.ittvc
•UUnliuuMUi, I K uwi
lku>>l«n« Cnloiiik
1.2- ll4n»-OtCt>ll>f(Mlnyl«l»
I.I Oicnloiarlrun*
If Unlm<»lltyl«n«
I*ll4cnioi•<•
CnloiiMtrwu
IllcnlololluuiMllijn.
U> Cnlo.ulo..
i 1,1.2 lildiiotiMltunt
_7 1.2 Otcnluf«
Olcnlaradi) luxowlrxn*
1 . l-Oictil(Mi>f>tQpyl«n«
Vinyl Cnloilck
1.1.2.2 l«ll«cl.laiiuu>*n>
IWtn,l Ifivldi
Ikuiyl CMwlck
AanacyclU Ara*«llC4
lol»n>
l«i»n«
ItnylMnMnd
l4**IOIOT>
1 ,4-OIOllciOIXmWM
0,la,*».«n.
MUmnMnci

00 00

-------
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-------
     •  Halogenated ethers and aliphatics
     •  Ph thai ate esters
     •  Phenols
     •  Monocyclic and polycyclic aromatics
     •  Polychlorinatedbiphenyls(PCBs)
     •  Pesticides and herbicides

The emphasis in the following sections is on those chemicals detected in leachates
from the Wisconsin landfills.

3.5.2   Haloaenated Ethers and Aliphatics

Of  the  organic compounds on the  priority pollutant  list, 33 are chlorinated or
brominated ethers and short-chain hydrocarbons.  Most of these compounds are
volatile, persistent, and nonaccumulative and many  are carcinogenic.  Nearly
two-thirds, or 21, of these compounds have been identified in the leachates from
Wisconsin  landfills.

Methylene chloride was the most  commonly identified of these compounds,
detected in 19 of 24 leachate samples. Typical concentrations of methylene chloride
were 50-5,000 mg/l (ppm).  Methylene chloride is a known laboratory contaminant
and, since  data were not validated, one must use caution when drawing conclusions
regarding  the presence of this contaminant in leachate.

At Site 1099 (Table 3-1), the methylene chloride value was 20,000 mg/l (ppm). This is
an older site where municipal, industrial, and hazardous materials were disposed.

Methyl  chloride,  methyl bromide,  and chloroform  were detected  in  several
Wisconsin  leachates. These compounds may also be carcinogenic and hence have
exceeded the human health criterion, where discovered.

Another commonly detected halogenated aliphatic in both Wisconsin and literature
leachates is 1,1-dichloroethane. Thirteen of the twenty-three leachate samples had
detectable concentrations  of 1,1-dichloroethane.   Concentrations ranged  from
nondetectable to  6,300 mg/l (ppm) in Wisconsin  leachates.   The high value of
                                   3-43

-------
 6,300 mg/l (ppm) was in a leachate from Site 572 (Table 3-1). Typical concentrations,
 where detected, were from 100-750 mg/l (ppm).

 The 1,2 isomer of dichloroethane was detected in only three Wisconsin leachates.
 The high  concentration was 11,000 mg/l (ppm). 1,2-dichloroethane is a suspected
 carcinogen and, as such, any detectable concentration exceeds the ambient-water-
 quality criteria level.  The concentration associated with a 10-6 risk is less than 1 mg/l
 (ppm), a concentration level exceeded in the three leachates.  The high value of
 11,000 mg/l (ppm) was obtained from Site 2822, which is an industrial and municipal
 waste landfill (Table 3-1).

 Several other  chlorinated, two-carbon,  organic compounds  were  frequently
 detected   in   Wisconsin  landfill  leachates.      1,2-Trans-dichloroethylene,
 trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene were detected in 13 of 22,11 of 23, and
 9 of 23 leachate samples, respectively.  All of these compounds are suspected
 carcinogens, and  as  such, they exceed  the ambient criterion concentration for
 human  consumption.  EPA's  10-6 factors  were   also  exceeded  where  these
 compounds  were  detected, and where  they were not  found,  the EPA  risk
 concentration   was  below  the  reported  detection  limit.    The  maximum
 concentrations  of these compounds found  in Wisconsin leachates ranged from
 2,760 mg/l (ppm)  for trans-1,2-dichloroethylene  and  1,120 mg/l  (ppm)  for
 trichloroethylene, to 620 mg/l (ppm) for tetrachloroethylene.

 Several other halogenated aliphatics were found in nearly a third of the leachate
 samples from Wisconsin landfills.  These  compounds,  1,1,1-trichloroethane and
 1,2-dichloropropane, were  also  both  found  in  Minnesota  leachates,  and
 trichloroethane was found in one of three Oregon leachates (Table 3-7).

The  concentrations  of  1,1,1-trichloroethane  ranged  from nondetectable  to
 24,000 mg/l  (ppm), but  that  was  the only  analysis above  700 mg/l  (ppm).
 1,2-Dichloropropane was found at concentrations ranging to 86 mg/l (ppm) and in
several of the samples where it was detected at concentrations below the detection
 limit of 10 mg/l (ppm).

The  other chlorinated aliphatics  and ethers detected in at least one Wisconsin
 leachate are shown in Table 3-7 with their concentration ranges and a comparison
to other leachates.  Where detected, these compounds are found in concentrations
                                   3-44

-------
that do not exceed the ambient water quality criterion for noncarcinogenic effects.
In instances where the compound is carcinogenic, it exceeds the criterion level of
zero, where detected.

3.5.3   Phthalate Esters

Five of the six phthalate esters on the EPA priority pollutant list were detected in
leachates from Wisconsin landfills. One of these phthalates, diethyl phthalate, was
detected in 16 of 23 leachate samples. Three other commonly detected phthalates,
bis(2-ethylhexyl), di-n-butyl, and butyl benzyl, were detected in 6 of 23,4 of 23, and
3 of 23 leachate samples, respectively.

Phthalates are common laboratory contaminants, and since the data evaluated here
were not validated, use of these data should be made with caution.

The concentrations of phthalate esters found in Wisconsin leachates never exceeded
the ambient water quality criteria established to prevent toxic effects in humans.
Water quality criterion levels were typically 100 to 1,000 times the concentrations
found in Wisconsin leachates.

3.5.4   Phenols

The priority pollutant analysis of leachates from Wisconsin landfills has identified
four of the 11 phenols and cresols on the list in Wisconsin leachates. Chloro-, nitro-,
and methylphenols were identified in several leachates, whereas phenol itself was
found in  16 of 23 leachate samples.  The substituted  phenols were never found at
concentrations in excess of  500 mg/l (ppm) and were  always  less than the EPA
criteria for human health.   The concentrations of phenol  itself  in Wisconsin
leachates ranged as high as 11,300 mg/l (ppm), a concentration level exceeding the
EPA Tuman health criterion.  Higher values of phenol in  leachate were  found at
Site 1678 (Table 3-1), the industrial waste codisposal site. At Site 2895 (Table 3-1), a
municipal  waste landfill, phenol concentrations from 39 to 350 mg/l (ppm) were
detected.

In addition to the priority pollutant analysis for specific phenols, total phenols were
determined in leachates from eight landfills in Wisconsin. These data are presented
                                    3-45

-------
 in Table A-1. Overall the total phenol concentration ranged from nondetected to
 234 mg/l (ppm), although typical values ranged from 1 to 20 mg/l (ppm).

 3.5.5  Monocvdic and Polvcvciic Aromatics

 Of the 33 aromatic compounds on the priority pollutant list, ten were detected in
 leachates from Wisconsin.  Most of these were monocyciic aromatics, and the only
 polycyclic aromatics detected were napthalene and chloronapthalene.

 Aromatic compounds detected in at least one fourth of the leachates analyzed were
 benzene, chlorobenzene, 1,4-dichiorobenzene, isophorone, and toluene. Table 3-7
 shows the analytical results of leachates from Wisconsin landfills, including both the
 range of concentrations and frequency of detection of all these compounds.

 Toluene, benzene, and isophorone were commonly detected aromatic compounds.
 Benzene, a carcinogen, exceeded the ambient water quality standard wherever it
 was detected.

 The other aromatic compounds in Wisconsin leachates that exceeded the ambient
 water quality criterion were ethylbenzene and the rarely found nitrobenzene.
 Napthalene, the  only polycyclic aromatic  compound  detected  frequently  in
 Wisconsin leachates, was found in 7 of 23 leachate samples. There is no information
 on   napthalene  concentrations  in  other  states'   leachates,  although  the
 concentrations in  Wisconsin leachates ranged to  68 mg/l (ppm).  Several sites in
Wisconsin detected napthalene but at concentrations less than the detection limit.
The apparent concentrations are shown in Table 3-7.

The more common aromatic solvents found in leachates from Wisconsin were those
commonly detected in several leachates  (Table 3-7).   In addition, xylenes were
detected frequently in leachates from landfills in  Minnesota and Oregon.  Little
 information  on xylene  concentrations in Wisconsin leachates  was  available,
although xylene was found in leachates from Sites 2568 (municipal and industrial
wastes; Table 3-1)  and 2569 (municipal waste only), the only sites for which it was
analyzed.

The maximum  concentrations of  priority  pollutant aromatic  compounds  in
Wisconsin leachates usually exceeded the maximums found in other states, a fact
                                   3-46

-------
which may be due to  the  very contaminated leachate  at several  sites and the
availability of more data.

3.5.6   Polvchlorinated Biphenvls

In Table A-2, the results of PCB analysis for Wisconsin leachates are shown.  Seven
PCB  isomers are on the priority pollutant list, and total PCB analysis has been
reported by several other landfills not in conjunction with  a  priority pollutant
examination.

Only one Wisconsin leachate (Site 1099, which accepted municipal, industrial, and
hazardous waste materials; Table 3-1) revealed a detectable concentration of a PCB
isomer of 2.8 mg/l (ppm) for PCB-1016.

Because aqueous transport is the primary means of movement of leachate out of
landfilled  refuse, the low aqueous solubility and strong absorption onto sediments
would be  expected to minimize the movement of PCBs. That, in conjunction with
the lack of abundance  of PCBs, is probably the primary mechanism controlling its
concentration in the leachate.

3.5.7    Pesticides and Herbicides

The results of leachate analysis for pesticides and herbicides are broken into three
categories, which reflect similarities in the composition of these compounds. The
major classifications are chlorinated hydrocarbon  insecticides, organ-phosphorus
insecticides, and  chlorophenoxy herbicides. Table A-2 shows these groupings and
the members of these groups for which leachate analysis results are available.

Pesticides were never detected in Wisconsin leachates except for one analysis from
Site 2822,  which  accepted municipal and industrial waste (Table 3-1) and  which
showed 4.6 mg/l (ppm) of delta-BHC. The herbicide 2,4-D was found in two leachate
samples from Sites 572 and 1099-both of which accepted municipal, industrial, and
hazardous waste   material-at  concentrations   of  7 and   1,800 mg/l   (ppm),
respectively.
                                   3-47

-------
3.5.8  Sobotka Organic Literature Data

Table 3-8 summarizes the organic leachate concentration data Sobotka & Co., Inc.,
obtained through its literature  search.  As indicated  in Section 2.3, data  were
obtained from 44 sites in 10 states.

3.5.9  Texas A & M Organic Literature Data

Tables 3-9 and 3-10 summarize the data obtained from the Texas A & M University
study.  These data provide a comparison of the types  and  quantities of organic
chemicals detected in three municipal landfill leachates.

The main site pollutants for each individual site were as follows:

     •  Lyon Municipal Landfill: Ethanol and 1-butanol
     •  Meeker Municipal Landfill:  Methyl ethyl ketone and 1,1 -dichloroethane
     •  Rochester Municipal Landfill: Ethanol, butanol, methyl ethyl ketone, and
        2-propanol

The locations of these landfills were not identified. Table 3-9  identifies and lists the
concentrations of numerous organic compounds identified in municipal leachate or
groundwater plume. Table 3-10 summarizes organic contaminant concentrations
from the leachate of three municipal landfills.

3.6  SUMMARY

An examination  of leachate quality from  20 Wisconsin landfills has shown, in
agreement with reported findings in the literature, that municipal  landfill  leachate
is contaminated with highly variable concentrations of a wide variety of inorganic
and organic constituents.

In  Table 3-11, the range of contaminants found in Wisconsin landfill leachates is
shown  in the order of detected  concentration.  It is apparent from this list that
leachates are highly  mineralized with common salts and can also  contain trace
quantities of many metals and other contaminants of environmental significance.
Leachates from  municipal refuse can also contain large  quantities of organic
materials  because  of  the  large  quantities  of  organic  material  in  refuse.
                                   3-48

-------
                             Table 3-8  Sobotka Report:   Organic Data  from  44 Case  Studies
                                 (all  concentrations 1n parts per billion)
                             PIME3N POINT
                                     DC
         CENTRAL
             OE
UTCHFIELD
      CT
CT
4LWEDA
    CA
En:«it
1,2 Oic
          V«t:a«
      twtutvl  ketj
                                      26
                                   12.7
                                                    two
                             too
                             -5
                            3300
                                                                                                      -2
                                                                                                      -5
                                                                                                      •t5
::3 1,2
                                                                     '.10
                                                                                                        t
                                                                                                       .«
                                                                                                        j
                                                                                                       _«
• r'-
iis
Brci:«tt'<
-------
Table 3-8  continued


                                      KEST PALfl
CONSTITUENT                                BEACH          SOUTH OADE             PS93ISO                SITE           »PS  INC.
                                            N-*                FLA                 'LA                 FLA                  CO
            Uton
Hetty 1  -.sobutyl ketone
Pttencl
V.rahvdrafuran
Toluene
?eniene                                                                                               4.3
Chlcrofari
1,2 Dichloroethane                                                                                   -o.OJ
Et!)vl  5«n:eni
t-lvlwt
:,» Dichlorotieniene
l.l Skll-methane
trins 1,2  3ichisr3etRene
1.1,1 Tnchlaroefane                                                                                 0.0*
1,1,2 T
1,1.2.2 Tetr
» N;tr:phenal
bis (
On'.hyl  jhthilite
Oi-fl-outyl
Dnethyl  phthalate
Naphthalene
TitracMorotfien*                                                                                     94.;;
Tnctlsroetlene
Brctoietlane
Carbon  tetrachlondi                                                                                  397,1
bis (2-Clilorotthexy) icthaae
Isophorone
Nitrobenzene

Oibrceoiethane
2 Pnpanol
Ethyl  acetate
1 9utanol
p-Iylene » o-Iylene
Endrin
Tgxaohene
Delta BHC

                                                Negative values indicate  detection litits for caipounds not  Jetectid

                                                           3-50

-------
Table 3-8  continued
CONSTITUENT
COFFDI BUTTE
          CO
KIILIN6S-
    WRTH
       OR
RIVE9-
  3E»»0
    OR
RCSEBURS
      OR
SHORT
  A[N
   2R
icstont
Bei:i"t
CMarofara
1,2 Jichtaraetiiane
SiohlaroMthane
••*.l»l ethyl Itetsne
    Yl uaoutyl
Etl»l  ben tent
t-Iyltnt
      1.2  Bsc
1,1,1
c:s 1.2 OjcMsrcetdtnt
rt 1 *p*M*'h ma
«ii t w'^if ^rvinf
ChlcroiWant
SicMaradifluor.:t«tn«nt

1*^-1
* I i l»«*
t litrsphencl
vin/; :

un'.hyl phthalatf

Di-n-Sutyl a^tf!*late
 Napttfalene
 TttrachUrocthene
 Triclloraetfune
 Er:taaethant
 CirScn tetraeMoride
 its  C-CMoraitfi:iyt  atthane
 Issphoront
 Nitrobenzene
 2  Propanol
 Ethyl acetate
 1  But anal
 p-lylene + o-
-------
 Table  3-d  continued
CWSTPJE1T
TILLAMJGK
       HA
JERSEY SITES

   IU003H28
      COUNTY
    LANDFILL
          W
  HAWS
LANDFILL
      MJ
 LANDFILL \
DEVELOPMENT
Binzeni
CXarafcn
1,2 Oic&lsrsetiani  .
OicMcrsMtliarse
•istlyl ethyl ketsne
»it!wl uafcutvl kstan
Plrel
Tetrahvdr3furaii
                           1030


                          :38
-------
Table  3-8 continued
                                WISCONSIN SITES
CSJISTITUEXT
 107
POLK
  MI
      611
MINNEBA60
       III
 432
TOR*
  MI
      719
OEUFIELO
       MI
                                                                                                               PHEASANT SUN
8er:ir*
CMarofare
1,: OicMorsethane  .
Oicllsratetliane
*e*.V/l ettivl  ketsne
"•tiyl ijadutvl ketons
                   14.3

                    106
Et»vl bwrwe
i-I/Uni
trins 1,2 Otchlanfthint
'.,!,! Trichlsrott.lint
:i5 1,2
CMirotthiiie
I,!,2 Trichloroititnc
I,!,;, 2 TftricMcrstthint
» 1itraph»«ol
        3hthiliti
Di-n-a«tvl jhtl!*Uts
DiMthvl phth«Ut>
Ciriot
bis (2-CMoro«tiio
-------
Table 3-8 continued
                             WISCONSIN SITES
2921
2680 SEVEN NILE
CMSTITUBIT DANE CREEX
MI *I
Acttont
Benzene
CMorafare
1,2 Dichlsraetlune
OicfiloroMtlunt
"ethyl ethyl kttane
Methyl isobutyl ketant
Phenol
Tetrihvdrafurtn
Talu*ne
Ethyl Dentine
i-lyltnt
TnchlarafluwotetSjr.s
1,1 Oichlaraetlsane
trans 1,2 Oichlaraet*eie
1,1,1 TricMsroethane
1,2 StcMarasnpjr.e
CMarsbenijre
1
ChlsriNfiine
CMsraettune
DicMarsiiHaarsietfune
1,1,2 Tr-.crilaratthine
1,1,2.2 Tetr»cMorott!u.i»
4 Nitroph«iol
Ptntic'ilarsshc'ial
Vinyl cMoride
bis (2-£t1xlhtxyl) phtti*lit«
Di ethyl pnthilatt
Di-n-butyl shthaUte
Diuthyl phthiUte
Naphthalene
Tetnchlaroethene
Trichlsraethene
Br;ioiethin«
Carbon tetrtcMondc
bis '2-Ch!or3tthoxy) eethane
Iiophorane
Kitrobentene
Oibraeoiefiine
2 Propinal
Ethyl icitate
I Sutinol
p-Iylene » a-Iylene
Endrin
Tauphene
Delta BHC

2322 2892
JANEaVILLE HflPATHQN
MI VI

-100
1300
11000
2500

-10

230
100
-20
-100
370

-100
-100
-100

-100

-100
MO
210
17
•10
-100
110
-20
-to
-20
-10
-100

-I '10
-too
-10
-10
-20





-1
-1
4.6

2?°!
WSK'ESO

MO
-to
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1000

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rer
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8!
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-0.2
-5
-0.05
                                                  i viluts indkiti detection lints for cstoounds not dettctil
                                                   3-54

-------
Table  3-8 continued
                              KISCQNSIN SITES
BINNESOTA SITES

CSNSTtTUEXT
Acetone
Benzene
CMarafort
1.2 DuMaraetlune
OictilaraMthane
netxyl etfiyl ketane
Kethyl iscautyl ketane
Phencl
Tetraiwdrofuran
Taluene
Eth»l benzene
i-Nlene
1.4 Otc'ilarabenzs-e
Tr*/M orsf luarsictnafic
1,1 JicMaraettane
trim 1.2 SicV.aroethene
1,1,1 TncMaraettiane
1,2 OicV.sroprsaane
CMaratentene
ci5 1.2 DicManetnent
CM 3-:if thine
CMaraefiane
OicnlcradiflucroHthane
1,1.: Tncilonethant
1,:,:.2 Tetnclilaroethine
4 litrophtnol
PsiticMorophgnol
Vinyl cnlonde
bis i2-EthylhexvU phthalati
Juttiyl pnthalite
Oi-n-butyl phthalite
DiMthyl phthaiate
Najnthilene
TetricMaraithene
TncMaroethene
Broiceetnane
Caraon titrichlaride
bis <2-Chtgraetnoty) eethane
Isoghorane
Nitrobenzene
Dibrcioeethane
2 Propanol
Ethyl uetate
1 Buttnol
p-lylene » 9-Jylene
Endrin
Touphene
Delta BHC
572 2358 -
LR F3HO DU LAC -
lit 11 -
-
71
13
2300
221 - "-
1400
230
-10
1!
4*00
1300
2400
34
-10
•
170
1*0
180
-10
-10
-25
-23
41
34
43
12
55
19
24
-
170
-10
-10
-10
40
.
-
-
-
-
-0.05
-0.1
-0.01

BETHEL K3CCHICHIN6 ROCHEJ'EH
;:oo 11000
-4
-4
240
8300 :3vC-:i
2*0 SoO
240 -?
52 II'.'
T8 ISO
21 "'
-*."
-4
1 ?
1 .'
-4
-4
-I1)
-'.')
-4



-4
-40








-40
1.2

-4



-10
10000 69''»i
42 -TO
320 TcO
18 ;0



                                             Neqitive yaluei indicate detection lints hr coapaunds not  4et«c'.3i
                                                         3-55

-------
Table  3-8 continued
                                         SITES
CSWTITIOT
PINE  BENS
       UN
KEEKER
    UN
UCM
  UN
UUiTH
    tIN
ketoni
twiwt
Mvtiart
1,2 Otcfilorstthant •
OieMorMttlUPt
!**tHYl itlTl kstcnt
!»«thyl isaiuivl ketoni
Phinol

r!i[wf
Ethyl bt«:fflt
•-lylim
TrichloraHuarootlian*
1,1 OicManithane
trani 1,2 Oicllaroitfunt
1,1,1 TricJilaroithwe
1,2 Oichlonprjpani
CMor5!ni:wt
CM 1,2 Oichlorsithtnt


-10 -2
-10
64 200







-10 IT
33 «d
17 3.3
-10 7.4
13
60 -5
190
i'V




110
to

13
7.5
i:
26







 OuliloroiifluoraMthini
 1,1,2 Tricliloraithuit
 1,1,2,2
 * N
 Vinyl chlondf
 bu  (2-Eihyliicxyt)  phthiUti
 Oitthyl ahttnUtt
                          -10
                         -100
 Di-fl-butyl pfttluUtt
 OiHtfiyl
                                                              •100
                                                                43
 Carbon  titracttlaridt
 bit (2-Chioroithoxy) ifthue
 Isophorant
 Nitrabtnzinf
                                             -20
                                              43

                                              -5
 Dibratoitt!unt
 2 Propinol
 Ethyl Kitatt
 1 Butinol
 p-Jylifl« »  o-Iylmt
 Er.drin
 Tottphtni
       BHC
                                                                -
                           25
                                                                 94
                                                                 -5
                                                                -50
                                                                 12
                                                         valu» iidicati dctiction huts for csioounis not  dets:'.aj
                                                          3-56

-------
Table  3-8 Continued
•ISCONSIN SITU


CJWJTtTOOT

PK
Total wlid»
Total tuspoiioo* lotids
Total diiioivotfl solids
Total alkalinity
llOiOflCai WyO,W 300MC
Chtfieai aiyfoii dooart
Tata! ST^MIC caraon
Total kjoliahi iitnqoti
Total nitroftn
AOMOU
Nitritt
Nttrato
Criaiuc nitraqon
Svlfatf
Floor! to
Chi an do
Cvuitfo
MUM nut
AriMic
SariiM
Cadoiu*
Tatal Chrsaiu
Capo«f
Irsn
Liad
fi^neiiuo
nanqantw
ftrcary
Kickol
Sol Mi u
Sodiu
Zinc
Total phosphate
HartfuMS
Calciua
Potaisiua
AntiMOf
Borylliu
Si Ivor
Thiilitt
CMdoctirity
Nitritf » iitrit*
laroi
CokaU
Hoi«f«loit ckrofiM*


2*l>
QUTA6M1C
HI
7.11

241
7474
43M
1445
21 tr
484
10*

134

-0.1

235

1400


HJ.Ot
•2
-0.03
1
0.1
13.35
0.3
200
1.4
-0.001
0.11
-0.09

2
t.M
2249
321
34*


-0.03

13419





BMEIMf
KST
(OCCMTO)
HI
4.4


4178
1344
T049
1345









940







4






321


1825






43*




•tfatiTt Ttlm iitlei
9KQIMT
EAST
(K£L£SO
•I
4.45
3840
134
9300
2770
8234
8530


.
229
-
0



1040

-1


-0.05
-0.1
-0.1
2«.3
-0.5
210.3
2.87

-O.I

309
0.42
1.31
3470
425
44.3




7439




iti fttictloi lioits for ei

2375
HMEVIQI
Hf
4.3

430


12900










-a



0.04
0.4
O.I
385
-0.3



1.25


10
4.4


31








-0.09
•povoli act Ittictort

2627
SUPCXICI
HI
7.1
9300


4390
!220

213

:o»
-().2
-v.2






-.)..)!

•). ;o«
•Ma
•}.12

J.23


O.OW3
O.I


3.13








5300





                       3-57

-------
      Table 3-9  Concentration of Selected Organic Compounds Identified in  Municipal  Landfill  Leachate
                 or Groundwater Plume.
      Chemical
                                                           Concentration Range (mg L"1)1
                                                                Municipal Landfill
      Acetic Acid
      Acetone
      C 5- Ac id
u>
•
in
oo
Acrolein
Aldrin
Aniline
Benzene
Benzendicarboxylic acid
Benzene hexachloride
Biphenyl napthalene
Bis(chloromethy1 ) ether
Bis(2 ethylhexyl)phthalate
Bis-2-hydroxypropyl ether
Bromodichloromethane
B romoe thane
Bromoforni
2-Butanol
Butoxyethanol
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Butyl carbobutoxymethyl phthalate
Butyric acid
Camphor
Caproic acid
Caprylic acid
Carbon tetrachloride
o-chloroaniline
Chlorobenzene
Chlorodibromoethane
Chloroform
Chloromethane
        DT
    3.4-1300
   140
    82
   170

     .01-.870
     .004-1300
     .06
    4.6

   12.4-250
34-150
    DT

   170
     .0002
     .120-46
    DT
    DT
    DT
    1.5
    0.9
     .0011
     .0006

     .140
     .0046-60

     .0011-1300
   170

-------
        Table  3-9  continued
                                                                  Concentration Range (mg
       Chemical                                                        Municipal Landfill
        4-chloro-3-nitrobenzamide                                            4.2
        Chloronitrobenzene                                                    .720
        Chioronitroltoluene                                                   .120
        2-chlorophenol                                                        .003
        Cis-l,2,dichloroethylene                                              .19
        p-Cresol                                                              .014-15
        Cyanide
        Cyclohexane  carboxylic acid                                           .0028
        Cyclohexanol                                                          .001
        Diacetone  alcohol                                              .       .011
«**      Dibromochloromethane                                                  .0039
2      Dibutylphthalate                                                 12-150
        2,6-dichlorobenzamine                                                 .89-30
        Dichlorobenzene                                                       .014-16
        Dichloroethane                                                        .0021-1,100
        1,2-Dichloroethane                                                    .015
        1,2-dichloroethene                                                190-.470
        1,1-dichloroethylene                                                 DT
        Dichloromethane                                                       .015-20,000
        2,4-dichlorophenol
        Dichloropropane                                                       .002-54
        Dichloropropene
        Dicyclohexyl  phthalate                                                .0002
        1,2-diethylbenzene
        N,N-diethylformamide                                                 DT
        Diethylphthalate                                                      .004-300
        Dimethyl phenol                                                    30-55
        Di-n-butyl phthalate                                                 DT
        Dioctyl  phthalate                                                     .002
        Diphenylamine                                                        .190
        2,4-dinitrophenol                                                     .099

-------
Table 3-9 continued
Chemical
2,6-Di-t-butylbenzonquinone
Ethanol
2-ethoxy-ethanol
1-ethoxy-propane
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl carbamate
1-ethyl-2,4,-dimethyl benzene
1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylbenzene
2-ethyl hexanal
2-ethyl hexanol
2-ethyl -hexanoic acid
N-ethyl-o-toluene  sulfonamide
N-ethyl-p-toluene  sulfonamide
Fluorene
Freon
Heptachlor
Heptanoic acid
Heptanone
Hexachlorobutadlene
Hexachlorocyclohexane
Hexane
2-Hexanone
Isobutyric acid
Isophorone
Isovaleric acid
Methanol
Methyl acetone
2-methyl-2-butanol
Methyl chloride
3-methylcyclopentane-1,2-diol
Concentration Range (rag L'1)1
     Municipal Landfill
          DT
  23-110,000
           .018-.290
           .003-820
          DT
          2.6
         22.0
           .0042
          DT
          0.1
           .0012
           .001
     600-800
       5-900
          0.148
          49
  4,000-6000
           .0007
         160
         160

           .064-1.3
          DT

-------
      Table 3-9 continued
                                                                 Concentration Range  (mg
      Chemical                                                        Municipal Landfill
      Methyl  ethyl  ketone                                                  0.47-27,000
      Methyl  isobutyl  ketone                                               0.176-200
      Methyl  naphthalene                                                    .033
      4-methyl-2-pentanol
      4-methyl-2-pentanone
      Methylpyridine                                                       DT
      Naphthalene                                                           .110-19
      o-nitroaniline                                                      180
      p-nitroaniline                                                       37
      Nitrobenzene                                                           .25
      o-nitrophenol                                                         11
w    Palmitic  acid                                                          .042
^    Pentane                                                             640
-*    Pentanol                                                             11.7
      Pentachlorophenol
      Phenol                                                                 .46-5790
      Polycholorinated biphenyls                                           2.8
      1-propanol                                                            1.9-3400
      2-propanol
      Propionic acid
      Stearic acid                                                           .009
      Tetrachloroethane                                                   210
      Tetrachloroethylene                                                   .017-.24
      Tetrahydrofuran                                                        .14-.430
      Tetramethylthiourea                                                   .019
      Toluene                                                               .059-1,600
      p-Toluenesulfonamide                                                 DT
      Toxaphene
      Trans-l,2,-dichlorothylene                                            .004-.088
      1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
      1,1,1-Trichloroethane                                                 .0042-.0056
      1,1,2-Trichloroethane                                                 .39-.87

-------
Table 3-9 continued
                                                           Concentration Range (mg L~l)l
Chemical                                                        Municipal  Landfill
Trichloroethane                                                       .005-35
Trichloroethene                                                       .125
Trichloroethylene                                                    2.1
Trichlorof1uoroethane
Trichlorofluoromethane                                               15
Trichloromethane
Tributly phosphate                                                    .0012
Triethyl phosphate                                                    .0003-.015
Tri-n-butyl phosphate                                                1.7
Trimethylbenzene                                                      .22
Valeric acid                                                          .0011
Vinyl chloride                                                       0.02-61
Xylene                                                                .029-170
Concentration range:  DT=detected but concentration not determined.


Source:  Texas A & H University Report

-------
                                  TABLE 3-10

    CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATION FROM LEACHATE OF THREE MUNICIPAL LANDFILLS
                          [Concentrations in mg/l (ppm)]
Parameter
Benzene<«>
ButanoK*)
Chlorob«nzene
Cis-1 ,2-Dichloroethylene
1 , 1 -Dichloroethane
Dichloromethane<»>
1 ,2-Dichioropropan«
EthanolU)
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl Benzene
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
1-PropanoK»>
2-Propanol<*)
Tetrachloroethylene<«>
Tetrahydrofuran
Toluene<»>
Trans- 1 ,2-Dichloroethyiene<«)
Trichloroethane<»>
Trichloroethylene<»>
Xylene<»>
Lyon
Municipal
Landfill
0.036
25


0.046

0.019

0.200
0.002
110.
0.290
0.015
0.650
0.087
37.
41.

0.280
0.180
0.0038
0.0076
0.043
0.092
Meeker Municipal
Landfill
0.270
0.120
0.060
0.190
0.035

0.032

0.064
0.013

0.018
0.820
9.8
0.410
0.076
1.9

0.140
0.390
0.017

0.043
0.32
Rochester
Municipal Landfill
0.54
10.

0.47
0.026
0.006
0.010
0.014
1.3
0.081
23.
0.130
0.250
27.
0.710
11.
26.
0.250
0.430
0.6
0.088

0.125
0.198
Source: Texas A&M University Report
(a) a potential carcinogens
                                   3-63

-------
Table   3-11   Overall Summary from the Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Leacnates
               in uiiscansin
Overall Range
Parameter


TOS
Specific Conductance
Total Susp Solids
BOO
COO
roc
PH
Total Alkalinity(CaC03)
Hardness(CaC03)
•Chloride
Calcium
Sodium
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Iron
Potassium
""agnesium
Ammonia-Nitrogen
Suifate
Aluminum
Zinc
Manganese
Total Phosphorus
Soron
Barium
Nickel
Citrate-Nitrogen
Lead
Chromium
Antimony
Cooper
Thallium
-,anide
Arsenic
^ol/Cdenum
Tin
Nitrite-Nitrogen
Seisnium
Cadmium
Silver
Beryllium
Mercury


(1)
584-50430
480-72500
2-140900
NO -195000
6.5-97900
NO-30500
5-8.9
NO-1 5050
52-225000
2-11375
200-2500
12-6010
2-3320
NO -1500
NO-2SOO
120-780
NO-1 200
MO -1850
NO-85
NO-731
NO-31.1
NO-234
0.87-13
NO-12.5
MO-7.5
ND-250
IMO-14.2
NO-S.6
NO-3.19
NO-4 . 06
NO-0.78
NO-6
NO-70.2
O.G1-1.43
ND-0.16
NO-1. 46
NO- 1.85
NO-0.4
NO-1.S6
NO-0.36
NO-0.01
Typical Range Number of
(range of
site medians)
(1)
2180-25873
2840-15485
28-2835
101-29200
1120-50450
427-5890
5.4-7.2
960-6845
1050-9380
180-2S5T
200-2100
12-1630
47-1470
2.1-1400
NO-1 375
120-730
26-557
a. 4-500
NO-85
NO-54
O.C3-25.9
Q. 3-117
1.19-12.3
NO-5
MO-1.55
NO-1 .4
NO-1. 11
NO-1.0
NO-0.56
NO-0.32
NO-0.31
NO-0.25
NO-0.225
0.034-0.193
0.16
NO-0.11
ND-0.09
NO-0.07
NO-O.Q24
NO-0.008
NO-0.001
Analyses


172
1167
2700
2905
467
52
1900
328
404
303
9
192
156
416
19
9
253
154
9
158
57
454
15
73
133
38
142
138
76
138
70
35
112
7
3
20
121
158
106
76
111
               (1):  All concentrations in mg/l except pH(std. units) and sp.  cond.(umhos/cm)
               Source:   Wisconsin Department  of Natural Resources  Report

                                           3-64

-------
The wide variation in  leachate quality  at Wisconsin  landfills can,  in  part, be
attributed to strength-controlling factors. Shallower depths of refuse and dilution
by  surface  water, for  instance,  will  result  in  lower  leachate  parameter
concentrations.   Correlations  shown  between specific  conductance  and the
concentrations of major leachate contaminants indicate that a general model of
contamination is possible.  Such a model reflects the uniformity of municipal solid
waste  and the  similarities  in Wisconsin  sites.   As these sites  age  and the
contaminants respond differently to the changing landfill environment, these ratios
are expected to change.

The similarities in  Wisconsin sites and  waste composition allow an  order of
magnitude approximation to the concentrations found in leachate to be made. In
Table A-3, these ranges are summarized for many leachate contaminants.

A perspective on the magnitude of the concentrations of  contaminants  found in
Wisconsin leachates can be obtained from  the results shown in Table 3-12.  This
table compares the median and maximum concentrations in Wisconsin leachates to
the Primary Drinking Water Standards and enables the leachate concentrations to
be described  as multipliers of the standards.   From Table 3-12,  where  data are
available, it can be seen that the median leachate concentrations exceed the
Primary Drinking Water Standards routinely for cadmium, chromium, and  lead; less
frequently for arsenic, barium, and selenium; and never for nitrates and silver.

The maximum leachate  concentrations exceeded all of the Primary Drinking Water
Standards in  at least one instance. Very high multipliers of the drinking water
standards were encountered at some sites, particularly at the larger sites and those
with a history of industrial waste codisposal.

Leachate  median and  maximum  concentrations  have also  been expressed as
multipliers of the Secondary Drinking Water Standards in Table 3-12.  The secondary
standards were commonly exceeded for chloride, iron,  manganese, and total
dissolved solids  (approximated  by specific conductance). The secondary drinking
water multipliers are highest for iron.
                                   3-65

-------
       Table 3-12  Comparison of Leachate Concentrations  with Drinking
                    Water Standards
                             Primary Drinking Water Standards
Arsenic
(O.OSmg/l)
Sice
Number
11
307
572
611
652
719
1099
1678
1739
2358
2484
2568
25SO.
2575
2627
2680
2821
2322
2892
2895
Sice
Number
11
307
572
611
652
719
1099
1678
1739
2358
2484
2563
2569
23"5
2627
2630
2821
2322
2892
2395
*»j. Cor
*vg. for
Median
<«f/l)
0.009

0.002
NO
0.002

0.015
0.225
0.07

ND



NO

.10
0.001
NO
0.015
Max
(«t/l)
O.OIS

0.03
NO
0.014

J3.059
"70.2
1.29

SO



ID

ND
0.001
ND
0.04
Medians
Maximum
Times
DWS
0

0
0
0

0
5
1

0



0

0
0
0
0
Times
OWS
0

1
0
0

1
1-04
26

0



0

0
0
0
1
0.5
110:2
Sari urn
U.O mg/l)
Medlar,
("H/D
0.84
0.30
0.225



1.3
1.3
2.69

NO





NO
5.0
NO
0.6
Max
(mg/l)
2.1
0.44
0.75



2.12
11.5
12.5

ID





10
5.0
.10
1.25


Times
DWS
I
0
0



1
1
3

0





0
5
0
1
Times
OWS
2
0
I



2
12
13

0





0
5
0
I
l.l
3.2
Cadmium
(O.Olmg/l)
Median
(mg/l)
0.006

0.05
ND
0.015
NO
0.021
0.039
0.05

NO

NO
0.06
0.009

NO
0.07
NO
0.013
Max
(mg/l)
O.OIS

0.4
NO
0.060
NO
0.100
0.16
0.17

NO

ND
0.2
0.009

NO
0.09
NO
0.3


Time*
OWS
1

5
0
2
0
2
4
5

0

0
6
1

0
7
0
2
Times
OWS
2

40
0
6
0
10
16
17

0

0
20
I

0
9
0
30
2.1
9.4
Chromium l.ca'1
.(0.05mg/l) ;0.0'>mg/'i;
Montdn
(ms/l)
0.03
0.528
0.64
ID
0.059

0.31
0.34
0.23

1

in
0.4
0.06

NO
O.O'i
0.01
0.18
M*»
(mg/l)
0.06
0.368
5.6
•40
0.180

2.560
1.85
2.01

1

ND
0.7
0.06

NO
0.26
0.02
0.53


Times
OWS
1
II
13
0
I

6
7
3

20

- 0
*
\

0
1
0
4
Times
DWS
I
11
112
0
4

51
37
40

20

0
14
1

0
5
0
11
4.3
19.2
MedUin
(<•«/!)
0.069

0.03
ND
C.I

n.29
3.46
1 11

3.3

ND
SD
3.25

NO
0.07
0.015
U.13
Max
(mg/l)
0.2

0.44
10
0.3-0

1.200
I . **
*14.2

0.3

ND
I
0.25

10
0.07
0.03
0.43


Times
OWS
1

1
0
;

6
9
22

6

0
0
"j

0
1
0
3
Times
DWS
•4

9
0
7

24
2S
234

6

0
20
5

0
1
1
9
3.8
26.5
Mercury
(0.002mg/l)
Median
(mg/l)
0.0001

0.0002
10
0.0006

0.3003
0.0006
NO

.10



0.0003

NO

NO
0.001
Max
(*g/n
0.0023

0.002
ND
0.0084

0.0100
0.0076
0.0004

NO



0.0003

NO

NO
0.0042


Times
DWS
0

0
0
0

0
0
0

0



0

0

0
1
Times
DWS
1

1
0
4

5
4
0

0



0

0

0
2
O.I
1.5
Selenium
(O.Olmg/l)
Median
(mg/l)
0.001

0.02

NO

0.001
0.006
0.09

NO





NO


0.002
Max
(mg/l)
0.003

0.032

0.033

0.035
0.054
*1.35

10





SO


0.034


Times
OWS
0

2

0

0
I
9

0





0


0
Times
DWS
I

3

3

4
5
185

0





0


3
1.3
22.7
Stiver
(0.05mg/l)
Median
(mg/l)
0.0075

0.0008

0.009

0.013
0.024
NO

ND





NO


0.008
Max
(mg/l)
0.02

0.01

0.050

0.029
0.083
0.07

ND





ND


0.196


Times
OWS
0

0

0

0
0
0

0





0


0
Times
DWS
0

0

1

I
2
1

0





0


4
0.1
1.0
*Value exceeds U.S.  EPA Maximum Concentration  of Contaminants for Characteristic
 of EP Toxicity
                                           3-66

-------
   Table  3-12  continued
Sic*
                                  Secondary Drinking Water Standards
Site
Nuaber
11
307
572
611
612
719
1099
1678
1739
2358
2434
2568
2 "69
2575
2627
2680
2821
2822
2892
2893
Chloride
(230 mg/l)
Medlen Tln*»
(mt/l) DWS

385
923
350

980
2651
2270
739
795
1400
940
1040


1770
700
300
180


4
4
1

4
11
9
3
3
6
3
4


7
3
1
1

Copper
(1.0 mH/l)
Median Tinas
(n»A) OWS
0.02
0.321
0.17
NO
0.029
NO
0.049
0.09
0.3

0.1

NO
0.1
0.12

NO
0.09
0.05
0.058
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0

0
0
0

0
0
0
0
Iron
(0.3 ng/O
Medlnn Time*
(••/I) BWS
10.3
359
211
2.1

246
6.12
113
169
46.65
13.85
4
20.-.
383

5CO
1400
150
66.2

34
1197
703
7

820
20
377
563
156
">3
13
08
1283

1667
4667
500
221

Manganese
(0.01 «»/l)
Median Tine*
(«H/l) DWS

23.9
0.5
0.03

3.1
1.45
2.33


1.4

2.M7



22
1.35

1.795

518
10
1

62
29
57


28

57



440
27

36
Sulfatc
(230 n|/l)
Median Tine*
(«l/l) DWS

155
3.4
112

500
271.5
200

108
255





210
200
140


1
0
0

2
1
I

0
1





1
I
1

TOS
(500 n«/l)
Mrdtan Times
(»I/1) DWS
9000
8183
10005
3540
5804
10150
10600
13750
5000
6375
15485
4390
7635

6800
15100
7800
9250
2840

18
16
20
7
12
20
21
28
10
13
31
9
15

14
30
16
19
6

Zinc
(5.0 mg/l)
Median Time*
(ng/n ous
0.152
54.0
22
NO
0.153
1.6
1.65
28.9
47. 7

2

0.42
10
3.13

2.4
0.84
0.03
1.96
0
11
4
0
0
0
0
6
10

0

0
T
1

0
0
0
0
        Max   Tines
 Sic*     TOX   lines  Max  Tine*   Mn>   Times  Max  Times   Mnx   Tinea   Max   Times   Max  Times
Number   (mg/l)  DWS   (mg/l)  DWS   (mg/l)  DWS   (mg/l)  DWS   (mg/l)  OWS  (mg/l)   DWS   (m(/l)  OVIS
11
307
572
611
652
719
1099
1678
1739
2358
2484
2568
2369
2575
2627
2680
2321
2822
2892
2895
Avg. (or
*»g. for

1275
1876
1440

2200
11375
5700
1600
1630
1500
1600
2520


2310
1100
540
625

Medians
Maximum

5
a
6

9
46
23
6
7
6
7
10


9
4
2
3

4.2
10.0
0.04
0.399
0.56
.10
0.122
NO
0.270
0.26
4.06

0.1

NO
0. 15
0.12

NO
0.16
0.06
0.181


0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
4

0

0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0.1
0.4
10.3
626
1500
670

1240
788
1050
879
269
210.0
62.6
322
610

860
1500
400
432



34
2087
5000
2233

4133
2627
3500
2030
397
700
209
1073
2033

2867
5000
1333
1440

728.2
2241.0

30.5
9.8
0.03

19
31.1
26.7


1.4

2.93



22
1.35

2.35



610
196
1

380
622
534


23

59



440
27

47
115.0
267.6

1400
200
911

750
1850
1670

108
411





720
300
747




6
I
4

3
7
7

0
2





3
I
3

0.8
3.3
9000
11080
17500
22300
16320
72500
32000
28000
17200
10800
19400
14000
24500

6800
19100
11500
12200
8700



18
22
35
45
33
145
64
56
34
22
39
23
49

14
38
23
24
17

16.9
39.2
0.34
69.4
42.3
NO
13.1
1.6
162
72.5
731

2

0.82
22
3.13

3.4
0.94
0.03
26.4


0
14
8
0
3
0
32
15
U6

0

0
u
1

1
0
0
5
2.1
13.5
   Source:   Wisconsin Department  of  Natural  Resources  Report
                                 3-67

-------
 Table 3-12 also  illustrates  how the maximum value  for arsenic at Site 1678
 (Table 3-1) exceeded the EPA maximum concentration limit of 5.0 mg/l (ppm). This
 indicates the leachate would be classified as a hazardous waste because of its value
 of 70.2 mg/l (ppm). The EPA maximum concentration limits are listed below.
Contaminant
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Mercury
Selenium
Silver
Endrin
Lindane
Methoxychlor
Toxaphene
2,4-D
2,4,5-TP Silvex
Maximum
Concentration (mg/l)
5.0
100.0
1.0
5.0
5.0
0.2
1.0
5.0
0.02
0.4
10.0
0.5
10.0
1.0
Table 3-12 also illustrates that Site 1739 (Table 3-1) exceeded the  EPA maximum
concentration  limit for lead, which  is 5.0 mg/l (ppm).  Site 1739 had a maximum
value of 14.2 mg/l (ppm).  Site 1739 on Table 3-12 also shows a maximum value of
1.85 mg/l (ppm) for selenium. The EPA maximum concentration limit of selenium is
1.0 mg/l (ppm). Either one of these two parameters would classify the leachate as
hazardous waste. Site 1678 reports accepting municipal, industrial, and hazardous
wastes, whereas Site 1739 reports accepting municipal and industrial wastes.

Appendix B, Table B-1  summarizes each Wisconsin site regarding parameters and
site characteristics that were discussed in the Wisconsin report.

Tables 3-13  and 3-14 are  Sobotka tables that provide  a summary of municipal
leachate  concentrations. They list minimum, maximum, and  median values for
                                   3-68

-------
              Table 3-13  Sobotka Report:  Data Summary of Organic

                      MSW Leachate Concentrations

                          (All values  In ppm)

   CONSTITUENT         	MIN	MAX       MEDIAN
Ac«Con«
B«nzene
Chlorofom
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
Dlchloromethane
Methyl ethyl Icetone
Methyl Isobutyl ketone
Phenol
Tetrahydrofuran
To luene
Ethyl Benzene
_«-Xylene
I , 4- Dlchloro benzene
Trichlorofluoroaethane
I , l-Dlchloroethane
trans •1,2-Oichloroethene
I , 1 , l-Trlchloroethane
I ,2-Oiehloropropane
Chloro benzene
cis-1 ,2-Dichloroethane
Ch lor owe thane
Chlo roe thane
Olchlorodlf luorouethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
1 , I ,2 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
4 Nitrophenol
Pentachlorophenol
Vinyl chloride
bis (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate
Dlethyl jjhthalate
Dl-n-butyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
Naphthalene
Tetrachloroethene
Trlchloroethene
Bromome thane
Carbon tetrachlorlde
bls(2-Chloroethoxy) methane
Isophorone
Nitrobenzene
Dlbromome thane
2-Propanol
Ethyl acetate
1-Butanol
p-Xylene •»• o-xylene
Endrln
Toxaphene
Delta BHC
0.140
0.002
0.002
0.000
0.002
0.110
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.002
0.005
0.021
0.002
0.004
0.002
0.004
0.000
0.002
0.002
0.004
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.002
0.007
0.017
0.003
0.000
0.006
0.002
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.002
0.001
0.010
0.002
0.002
0.010
0.002
0.005
0.094
0.005
0.050
0.012
0.000
0.000
0.000
11.000
0.410
1.300
11.000
3.300
28.000
0.660
23.300
0.260
1.600
0.580
0.079
0.020
0.100
6.300
1.300
2.400
0.100
0.237
0.190
0.170
0.170
0.369
0.500
0.210
0.040
0.025
0.100
O.I 10
0.045
0.012
0.055
0.019
0.100
0.043
0.170
0.398
0.014
0.085
0.040
0.025
10.000
0.050
0.360
0.050
0.001
0.005
0.005
7.500
0.017
0.010
0.0075
0.230
8.300
0.270
0.257
0.018
0.166
0.038
0.026
0.0077
0.0125
0.0655
0.010
0.0 10
0.010
0.0 10
0.097
0.055
0.0075
0.095
0.010
0.020
0.025
0.003
0.010
0.022
0.0315
0.010
0.015
0.008
0.040
0.0035
0.055
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.015
0.010
6.900
0.042
0.220
0.018
0.0001
0.001
0.008
Source:   Sobotka Report
                                  3-69

-------
Table 3-14  Sobotka Report:  Data Summary on Inorganic MSW Leachate Concentration
                        (All values in ppm)
    CONSTITUENT
MIN
MAX
MEDIAN
pH
TS
TSS
TDS
Tot alkalinity
BOO
COD
TOC
TK.N
NH^ 	
N02
NO}
Organic N
Sulface
Fluoride
Chloride
Cyanide
Al
A3
Ba
Cd
Cr (cocal)
Cu
Fe
Pb
Mg
Mn
Hg
Ni
N
Zn
Tot Phosphate
Hardness
Ca
K
Sb
Be
Ag
5.4
1900.0
28.0
uoo.o
0.0
7.0
440.0
5.0
47.3
11.3
0.007
0.000
4.5
8.0
0.120
120.0
0.000
0.010
0.000
0.010
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.22
0.001
76.0
0.030
0.000
0.010
12.0
0.010
0.00
0.8
95.5
30.0
0.002
0.001
0.008
8.0
25873.0
2835.0
16120.0
7375.0
21600.0
50450.0
6384.0
938.0
1200.0
0.20
50.950
78.2
500.0
0.790
5475.0
4.000
5.070
0.080
10.000
0.100
1. 000
0.320
1400.00
1. 110
927.0
43.00
0.020
1.250
1200.3
67.000
117.18
9380.0
2100.0
1375.0
1.100
0.010
0.050
6.690
10040.0
301.0
6453.3
2430.0
2330.0
3387.5
558.0
309.0
200.0
0.020
0.340
62.5
108.0
0.400
695.0
0.020
0.655
0.010
0.383
0.015
0.060
0.070
66.20
0.080
143.0
1.60
0.0006
0.160
539.0
1.350
1.72
1845.0
336.0
48.0
0.470
0.0065
0.020
Source:  Sobotka Report
                                   3-70

-------
inorganic and organic constituents respectively. This information is also presented
in Table 3-2, which provides a comparison of literature values to the concentration
values presented in the Wisconsin and Sobotka studies.

Comparing the endrin and  toxaphene values in Table 3-13 to the maximum EPA
concentration  values for EP toxicity (Subtitle D), neither substance exceeded the
limit. Endrin must not exceed 0.02 mg/l (ppm) and toxaphene must not exceed
0.5 mg/l (ppm). In both of these comparisons, the leachate should be considered
hazardous for these specific parameters, since the EPA's EP toxicity limits dictate
whether a substance would be classified as a hazardous waste.

Comparing the arsenic,  barium, cadmium, chromium, lead,  mercury,  and silver
values in Table 3-14 to maximum EPA concentration values for EP toxicity, indicates
that the limits were not exceeded.

In the Wisconsin  report data, endrin and toxaphene were  not detected (limit
< 10 ppb) in one Wisconsin leachate sample.

Also  listed   in   the   EP   toxicity   maximum   concentrations   are  2,4-D,
(2-4-Dichlorophenoxy-acetic   acid)   and   2,4,5-TP   Silvex   (2,4,5-Trichloro-
phenoxypropionic acid). Detected in two leachate analysis (limit F10 ppb) was 2,4-0.
See Table A-2 for values.
                                   3-71

-------
                               REFERENCES
Cameron, R. D., 1978. "The Effects of Solid Waste Landfill Leachates on Receiving
Waters." Journal of the American Waterworks Association, pp. 173-176, March.

Chian, E. S., and  F. B. DeWalle,  1977.    Evaluation  of  Leachate  Treatment:
Volume I-Characterization of Leachate and Volume II-Biological and Physical-
Chemical Processes. EPA-600/2-77-186aand 1866.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), 1973.  Water Quality Criteria, 1972.
EPA/R-73-033.

George, J. A., 1972.  Sanitary Landfill-Gas and Leachate  Control. The National
Perspective. USEPA, Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.

Metry, A. A., and F. L Cross,  1975.  Leachate Control and Treatment.  Volume 7,
Environmental  Monograph  Series, Technomic Publishing  Company, Westport,
Connecticut.
                                   R-1

-------
            APPENDIX A

     RANGE GRAPHS AND MEDIAN
FREQUENCY-OF-OCCURRENCE HISTOGRAMS

-------
SITE(SflflPL£S)
0011( 1 ) -
0307( 2 ) -
0572( 20 ) -
0611( 33 ) -
rvmilfv* \
(JO3f\ 'JO 1 *
0719( 18 ) -
1099( 33 ) -
1678( 58 ) -
1739( 25 ) -
23SSf 18 )
ft JWD\ ' 9 J •
2568( 57 ) .
25B9f 84 )
a>WW9\ w^ / •
2575( ) .
2B27( 1 ) .
268Q( 14 ) .
2821 ( 12 )
2822( 11 ) .
2892 ( 40 ) .
289S( ) .

Q less than ft> mir











































i « median x avg
I
>H»


_



_






i
> _

» M
	



•


^









•
•1
HM
-4



-W4

4


i i MUM
4 max




















               10       100      1000     10000

                              CONCENTRATION (mq/1)
100000    1000000
              «•

SITE

INDIANS
till THIN
RANGE



a

T
.
a
4
J
1
1







NNVf


^
^

kvxxVsx'





                    LOG CONCENTRATION (0.25 log ng/1  rangn)
Figure  A-l   Range Graph( above) and  Median Frequency-of-occurrence
              Histograni( below) for  Laacaate Specific Conductance.

-------
    SITE(SAWPL£5)  a l«ss than   » min   « radian  x awq   *
0011 ( 93 ) -
0307( 3 ) -
nc1?^ 1 "5QT1 \ -

nee^/ ^AQ >
1099(172 ) -
1678(993 )
2358( ) -
2S68( ) -
2S69( U }
2627( ) •
2680( ) -
2821 ( ) -
2B22( 2 \ -
2892( ) -
2995 ( 383 )
1





















































^ ..




















































.0 10 100 1000 10000 100000
CONCENTRATION (ng/X)
4-
SITE
fCOIANS ,.
WITHIN
RANGE *'


_
^
P5^P5P5 Rl





                   LOG CONCENTRATION (0.2S log ng/1 ranges)

Figure  A-2   Range Graph(above)  and Median Frequency-of-occurrence
              Histogram(below)  for Leachace Total  Suspended Solids
              Concentrations.

-------
    SITE(SAWPLES)  Q  L«w than   »  min  «  mwlian  x avg  4 max
nm i i QA ^
0307( 9 ) -
ne75(2B6 \
HR1 1 f 27 1
UO 1 IV * ' 1 '
0652(229 ]
H71 3(219 i
1 ClQOt 1 74 1
1 K7H^ 1 QBQ1
1 739( 24 )
23S8( ) .
2686(188 )
2S68( 0 ) .
7cea( 73 i
2575( 49 )
2827( ) .
2680( ) .
2821 ( ) .
2822( 5 )
2892( 31 ) .
2895(394 ) 4
































»














» <




























               10       100      1000     10000     100000   1000000
                             CONCENTRATION (rog/1)
    SITE
    INDIANS
    WITHIN
    RANGE

»•
*"



.



I



\



\


-
\\\\\Vs\\XXV



.


~
1



I



\





                    LOG CONCENTRATION (0.25 log mg/1 ranges)
Figure  A-3   Range Graph(above) and Median Frequency-of-occurrence
              Histogram(below)  for Leachace Biochemical Oxygen
              Demand(BOD).

-------
     SITE(SAflPLES)  a less than   > nun  o median   x avg   4 max
oon( 1 ) -
0307( 3 } -
0572( 30 ) -
nsn( 11 )
0652( 31 ) -
071 9f 13 )
1099( 12 ) -
1678( 65 ) -
1739( 25 ) .
2358( 17 ) -
2«84( 5 } .
2568( 58 ) .
2S69( 88 ) .
2575( ) -
2627( 1 ) .
2680( 14 ) .
2821 ( 12 ) .
2822( 12 } .
2892( 40 ) .
2B95( 2 ) .

















•










•



««
^~~















                10       100     1000     10000     100000   1000000

                             CONCENTRATION (mg/1)
    SITE

    HEOIANS

    WITHIN

    RANGE
7 •
a -
* -
a -
* -
t -







I
pq
'/
f\\\\\\\V

ra
1

\




I
                    LOG CONCENTRATION (0.2S log mg/1 ranges)

Figure  A-4  Range Graph(above) and Median Frequency-of-occurrence
              Histogram(below)  for Leachate Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD)

-------
    SIT£(SAnPL£S)  o less than   > win  o median   x awq   4 max
001 1( 1 ) -
0307( 11 ) -
0572(309 ) -
0611( 33 ) -
0652(737 ) -
0719(229 ) -
1099( 33 ) -
1678( 61 ) -
1739( 25 ) -
7tca( 1O \
2*84(173 ) -
2568( 57 ) -
2569( 86 ) -
2575( 49 ) -
2627( 1 ) -
2680( 13 ) -
2821 ( 12 ) -
2822( 12 ) J
2892( 40 ) -
2895( ) -
(











— *— 4
t> 01

•












—*














m






                         5678

                                     pH
    SITE

    INDIANS

    WITHIN

    RANGE

4 -

3 -
a -
i -

a



P3P3P3P3
0HHH
n ryir>^r>nr^
^
/


t


ft

x\\\\\\
i
^
w


1

^

1
^
J/





                           pH (0.25 pH unit ranges)

Figure  A-5  Range Graph(above) and Median Frequency-of—occurrence
              Kistogram(below) for  Leachate pH.

-------
    SITE(SAflPLES) a Ins than   » win  « median  x awg   4
0011( ) .
0307( 4 ) .
0572 ( 20 )
0611 ( 13 ) .
0652( ) -
0719( 15 ) .
1099( 18 ) .
1678( 44 )
1739( 25 ) .
2358( ) .
2 .
2892( 39 ) .
2895( ) .































»


















we
o* «


•
•
»
-------
    SITE(SAPPLES)  0 l«ss than   »  min  « nudian  x avg   4 max
0011( ) -
0307( 7 ) -
0572( 20 ) -
061 1( 30 ) -
0652( ) -
0719( 16 ) -
« /*AQ/ M \
1099( 01 I
1678( 54 ) -
1739( 25 } -
2358( 12 ) -
7A Ott 1 A \
€**Q4I ™ / -
2S68( 56 ) -
25S9f S3 ) .
4»WU4\ OW / ™
257S( ) -
2627( ) .
268Q( 13 ) -
2821 ( 13 ) -
2822( ) .
2892 ( 40 ) .
&99«*\ ^** / «
2995( ) .






















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                10        100     1000     10000     100000
                              CONCENTRATION (mg/1)
1000000
    SITE
    MEDIANS
    WITHIN
    RANGE

a -

4 -

a -
a -
i -








1

7
^
^
f
I

f^
^
^
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                    UOC CONCENTRATION (0.2S log ma/1 ranges)
Figure   A-7  Range Graph(above)  and Median Frequency-of-occurrence
              Histogram(below) for Leachace Hardness.

-------
    SI TE( SAMPLES)   a IMS th«n   »  min  «  radian  x avg  4
0011 ( 10 ) -
0307( ) -
0572( 2 ) -
0611( ) -
0652( ) -
071 9( 51
U * 1 3\ ** /
1 naaf fi 1 _
1 U99\ 9 j "•
ifiTBf 92 i
1 w ' w \ 3* / *
2358( ) -
2484( 2 ) -
2568( ) -
2S69( ) -
2S7S( ) -
2S27( 1 ) .
2680( ) -
2821 ( ) .
2822( ) .
2892 ( 36 ) .
2895( 2 ) .
























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               1.0       10       100      1000     10000   100000
                             CONCENTRATION (rug/1)
    SITE
    I*COIMS   ,
    WITHIN
    RANGE     *
                    LOG CONCENTRATION (0.2S log mg/1 rangas)
Figure  A-8   Range  Graph(above)  and Median Frequency-of-occurrence
            • Histogram(below)  for Leachate Total  Kjeldahl Nitrogen.

-------
     SITE(SAMPLES)  a !•»» than   » min  « Mdian   x »vq   4 mx
nm i f 5 \ •
UU I i v * /
0307( ) -
OS72( ) -
0611( 1 ) -
0652( ) -
CYHQMQR \ .
U r 1 5J\ I 3D 7
1099( 2 ) -
icTas i^ ^
lO'Oi u /
1739( ) -
2358( ) -
2568( ) -
2569( 8 )
2575( ) -
2627( 1 ) -
2680( 1 ) -
2821 ( ) .
2822( ) .
2892( 36 )






























•



















•



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•



























               0.1        1.0      10       100      1000

                              CONCENTRATION (mq/1)
10000
» -
SITE

MEDIANS 3 .
WITHIN
RANGE «•
i -
o -












%





%
\xxxxxx












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>xxxxxx
A^-
?
/
^
^
^
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                    LOG CONCENTRATION (0.2S log «g/l ranqw)

Figure-A-9    Range Graph(above)  and Median  Frequency-of-occurrence
              Histogram(below)  for Leachate  Ammonia Nitrogen.

-------
    SITE(SAFR£S)  a Ins than   fc  min   « median  x avq   4 max
0011( 2 ) -
0307( 6 ) -
0572( 2 ) -
0611( 1 ) -
0652 ( ) -
0719( 15 ) -
1099( 7 ) -
1678( 13 ) -
1739( ) -
2S68( ) .
2S69( 2 } .
2575( ) .
2627( 1 ) .
2680( ) .
2821 ( ) .
2822( ) .
2892( 36 ) .
2B95( 2 ) .
i


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0.01      0.1       1.3      10        100

               CONCENTRATION (mg/1)
                                                          1000
SITE
MEDIANS 9 .
WITHIN
RANGE «•
i •
o -









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^

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yf
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                   LOG CONCENTRATION (0.25 log mq/l tangn)

Figure  A-10  Range Graph(above)  and Median  Frequency-of-occurrence
              Histograa(below) for  Leachate  Nitrate Nitrogen.

-------
    SITE(5AfW£S)  Q IMS than   > min   « madian  X *vq  4 max

0011 ( 10 ) -
0307( ) -
0572(287 1 -
U^*^\fcB* j ^
061 1( 23 ) -
0652( ) -
0719( 2 ) -
1Q99( 3 ) -
1678( 86 ) -
1739( 25 } -
2358( ) -
2484( 2 )
2S68( ) .
2S69( 13 ) .
2S7S( ) .
2627( 1 } .
2680( ) .
2821 ( ) .
2822( ) .
2892( ) .
289S( 2 ) .
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CONCENTRATION (ng/I)
SITE
WEOIANS a a
WITHIN
RANGE »-


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rx /, t




                   LOG CONCENTRATION (0.2S log mg/1 ranges)

Figure  A-11  Range Graph(above) and Median Frequency-of-occurrence
              Histogram(below) for Leachate Total Phosphorus.

-------
   SITE(S/*W-£S)   Q Ins than   > min  « radian   x avg   4 max
ann ) -
0307( 8 ) -
D572( IS ) -
ngiW ?S ]
0652 ( ) -
071 9f IS \
1678( 33 ) -
23S8( 17 ) -
2484( 3 ) •
2568( 19 ) -
2S69( 32 } -
2575( ) -
2527( ) -
2680( 14 ) -
2921 ( 13 )
2822( 11 ) .
2892 ( 40 ) -
289S( ) -














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              1.0       10       100     1000      10000   100000
                             CONCENTRATION (mg/1)
    SITE
    WITHIN
    RANGE
T-
• -

«-
« -
J -

t -







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     t         a        3
LOG CONCENTRATION (0.25 log
                                                rangn)
Figure  A-12  Range  Graph(above)  and Median Frequency-of -occurrence
              Histogram( below)  for Leachate Chloride.

-------
     SITE(SAWR.£S)   a lass than   » nin  « madian  x avg   4 max
0011 ( } -
mfl7/ 7 \ —

nci i / ic) -

06S2( ) -
rV7io/ 7 \ ..
i noo/ ^n 1 w

1739( ) •
2358( 1 ) •
2S68( ) -
2569( ) -
2S75( ) -
2«27( ) -
2680( ) •
2922( 10 ) -
2892 f 35 J
2B95( ) «

















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               1.0       10      100     1000     10000    100000

                              CONCENTRATION (mg/1)
•J «
SITE
ItOIAW
WITHIN a -
RANGE
a -
i -
a -




ft
w
7
1
^
^
y
J
^
1
^
^
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0
H
                    LOG CONCENTRATION (0.25 log wj/1 ranoas)

Figure A-13  Range Graph(above) and  Median  Frequency-of-occurrence
              Histogram(below) for Leachate  Sulfate.

-------
   SITE(SAflPLES)  a loss than   » win  « radian   x awg   «

0011( ) -
0307( 2 } -
0572( 5 ) -
0611( ) -
0652( ) -
0719( 1 ) -
10S9( 1 ) -
1679f 19 1
1 U f Q\ *9 / -
1739( ) -
77COf 1ft 1
£www\ *v / •
248*( ) •
jcf.at 58 )
£wwO^ ^9 /
25B9f 86 ) -
fc WWw \ WW / *
2S75( ) .
2627( ) -
2680( 1 ) •
2821 ( 1 ) -
2822( ) -
2892( ) .
289S( ) .



























•
















e
Ml













•





M
<4



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•

























              1.0       10       100      1000     10000   100000

                            CONCENTRATION (mg/1)
« -
SITE

J *
WITHIN
RANGE »•

• .






%

/,
/
j
y
\
1
^
_
J'
^
/
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i
^







                   LOG CONCENTRATION (0.2S log nq/l

Figure   A-14 Range  Graph(above) and Median Frequency-of-occurrence
              Hiscogram(below)  for Leachate Sodium.

-------
    SITE(SAflPlES)  a less than   » min  « Mdian  x avg  4 max
0011( 1 ) -
0307( 4 ) -
OS72( 20 }
QB11( 20 i
0652( ) -
0719( 12 ) •
1(B9f 31 )-
1878f 5fl 1
1739f 25 i

2S68( SB ) -
2S69( 86 )
2S75( 14 ) -
2S27( ) -
268Q( 13 ) -
2821 ( 3 ) -
2822( 11 ) -
2892 ( 38 ) -
289S( ) -














^_







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.0 10 100 1000 10000
CONCENTRATION (mg/1)
SITE
nEOIANS , .
WITHIN

RANGE «'


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/
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mm.


^ ^
/ ^
'/TX',
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f f f
\w*

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-1 0 1 » 3 4
                   LOG CONCENTRATION (0.25 log mg/L ranges)

Figure  A-15 Range Graph(above) and Median Frequency-of-occurrence
              Histogram(below) for  Leachate Iron.

-------
   SITC(SMPl£5)   0 less than   fr min  « iMdian   * nq  4 MJI
0011 ( ) -
0307( 2 ) '
0572( 5 ) "
0611( 1 ) '
06S2( ) -
.-.m- -. / a \ •
0719( 8 )
1099( 18 ) '
1678( 28 ) '
1739( ) '
235fl( ) -
2S68( ) *
2S69( 2 ) -
2575( ) -
2627( ) -
2680( } •
2821( 1 ) -
2822( 1 ) •
2892( ) -
2895( 2 ) -


.








































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0.01
0.1
                                1.0       10
                                   100
                                   1000
    SITE

    INDIANS   a -

    WITHIN

    RANGE

3 •

a •
i •



1 1

//
\
SNxYxys
/
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•KXXXXXXXXXI

                   LOC CONCENTRATION (0.2S log mg/1 cangn)
Figure  A- 16 Range Graph( above) and Median Frequency-of-occurrence
              Histograa( below) for  Leachace Manganese.

-------
    SITE(SAWLES) 0 l«a than  »  win  «  median  x avq  4
0011( 10 ) -
0307( ) -
OS72( 4 ) "
0611( 1 ) -
06S2( 15 ) -
0719( ) -
4 f^OO/ 4 C )
1099( 15 )
1678( 21 ) -
4 *no/ ?c )
17J9( 25 )
23S8( ) -
J/,QA( 1 \ •
a»"Q*i\ i /
2568( ) -
2569( ) -
2575( ) -
2627( 1 ) -
2680( ) -
2821 ( 1 ) -
2B22( 1 ) 4
2892( 2 ) -i
2895( 15 ) -
> K



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0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0 10 IOC
CONCENTRATION (mg/1)
SITE
flEOIANS 3 .
WITHIN
RANGE "•
1 •

i
*
t
t
t
t
/
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-------
                 O IMS than   » win   «median   xawg    4max
00tl( 8 ) -
0307( 2 ) -
0572( 4 ) -
W"rf « fc\ •» /
0611( ) -
0652( ) -
0719( ) -
1099( 9 ) -
1678( 11 ) -
1739( 25 ) -
2358( ) -
2*84( 1 ) -
2568( ) -
2569( ) -
257S( ) -
2627( ) -
2680( ) -
2921 ( 1 ) -
2322( 1 ) -
2892( 2 ) -
2S9S( 9 ) -


















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              0.001     0.01     0.1       1.0
                             CONCENTRATION (mg/1)
10
100
   SITE
   MEDIANS
   WITHIN
   RANGE
1
I
\

\
\
\
•
                   LOG CONCENTRATION (0.25 log mg/1 ranges)
Figure  A-18 Range  Graph(above) and Median Frequency-of-occurrence
              Histogram(below) for Leachate Bariua.

-------
    SI TE( SAMPLES)   O lass than   » win  » iwdian   x avg
0011( 10 ) -
0307( ) -
0572( 7 ) -
0611( 1 ) -
0652( 31 ) -
0719( 1 ) -
1099( 19 ) -
1678( 23 ) -
1739( 25 ) -
2358( ) -
2S68( ) -
2S69( 2 ) -
2S75( 13 ) -
2S27( 1 ) -
2680( ) .
2821 ( 1 ) -
2822( 6 } .
2892( 2 ) .
289S( 15 ) .
<









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1




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              0.0001     0.001     0.01     0.1      1.0
                              CONCENTRATION (mg/1)
10
    SITE
    ItOIANS
    WITHIN
    RANGE
4 -
a -
a -
i -

1
I
1
K\\X\\X\\v\XX\\SN
i

                    LOG CONCENTRATION (0.2S log mg/1 ranges)
Figure A-19  Range Graph(above) and Median  Frequency-of-occurrence
              Histogram(below) for  Leachace  Cadmium.

-------
    SITE(SAflPUS)  QIMS than    » min   «median   xavg   «ux
nm 1 1 i n )
uu * * \ ' w /
03Q7( 2 ) -
___y _ .
0611( 1 ) -
071 9( )
inga{ 18 )
1 w39\ • " /
1fi78f 73 )
1 U ' "\ a»v / *
1739( 25 ) -
1 ( iJw\ fc W / *
2358( ) -
2S68( ) -
2569( 2 ) -
2575( 14 ) -
2627( 1 ) .
2680( ) .
2821 ( 1 ) -
2822( 7 ) .
2892( 2 ) .
2895( 15 ) .

















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0.001      0.01     0.1      1.0      10
               CONCENTRATION (mg/1)
                                                           100
    SITE
    TCOIANS
    WITHIN
    RANGE

a -

4 -

a-
a •
i •





flR
7!
/•
r
r
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/
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\
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                    LOG CONCENTRATION (0.2S log ng/1 ranges)
Figure   A-20 Range Graph(above) and  Median  Frequency-of—occurrence
              Histogram(below) for Leachate  Total Chromium.

-------
   SITE(SAfWjES)  O IMS than   > win  • madlan  x awg  4 max
nmif 10 \ -
UU* 1 \ 1 U | "
0307< ) -
rtc^5i 7 i «
U9 '£\ * /
0611( 1 ) -
nee^f 1«5 1
UD3*\ * 3 / *
071 9( ) -
inoQ/ 9n ) •
1 U99\ £U /
1 739f 2S 1 «
2358( ) -
^/. QA/ t \ _
a»**O**\ ' /
2568( ) •
2569( 2 ) -
257S( 14 )
2627( 1 ) -
2680( ) •
2821( 1 ) -
2822( 8 ) -
2892( 2 ) .
2895( 15 ) -

























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              0.001      0.01      0.1      1.0      10

                             CONCENTRATION (ng/1)
100
a -
«-
SITE
MEDIANS 3 .
WITHIN
RANGE *'
t -
a-




H^n
WV



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^
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fy
                        -a
                    LOG CONCENTRATION (0.25 log rag/1 rangn)

Figure  A-21  Range Graph(above) and  Median  Frequency-of-occurrence
              Histogram(below) for  Leachate  Lead.

-------
                 Olsas than   » win   • mdian  »awq
001 1( 10 ) i
UW • I \ * ** / <
0307( ) -
0572( 4 ) -
WW • fc\ -* /
0611( 1 ) -
06S2( 8 ) -
ww<*&\ w / —
071 9( ) -
1099( 21 ) -
• W«w\ * * / ™
1678( 23 ) -
1739( 24 ) .
235B( ) -
2S68( ) .
2569( ) -
2575( ) .
2627( 1 ) .
2680( ) .
2821 ( 1 ) .
2822( ) .
2892( 2 ) .
2895( IS ) .

















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             0.00001   0.0X1    0.001      0.01

                             CONCENTRATION (mq/1)
0.1
1.0
• •
SITE
A
MEDIANS

WITHIN , .
RANGE
a -
t-


o -
1








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V^\ \^\
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/
/
^









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y
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VA
                   LOG CONCENTRATION (0.2S loq mg/1 rangta)

Figure  A-22 Range  Graph(above)  and Median Frequency-of-occurrence
              Hiscogram(below)  for Leachate Mercury.

-------
     SITE(SAWLES)  0 loss than   fr min  «radian   x avg   «ma«
0011( 10 ) -
0307( ) -
0572( 3 ) -
0611( ) -
nftMf vi \ -
UD311 JU )
071 9( ) •
inaaf i*% \ -
1 Uaa\ 13 /
1 tv?a/ "51 ^
1O'O\ *' /
17-iq/ 55 ^
1 f J3V *3 /
2358( ) -
2568( ) -
2S69( ) -
2575( ) -
2627( ) -
2680( ) -
2821 ( 1 ) -
2822( ) -
2892( ) -
2895( 15 } -

1























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              0.0001    0.001      0.01      0.1

                             CONCENTRATION (mg/1)
1.0
10
• «
SITE
nEOIANS , .
UITHIN
RANGE •'

i -

«-



Rl
^
^
^0 ^
w%



fy
*?
?
1
1
1
\


»••«••
00
m
                                 -t
                    LOG CONCENTRATION  (0.25 log mg/1 ranges)

Figure A-23  Range Graph(above) and Median Frequency-of-occurrence
              Histogram(below)  for Leachace Selenium.

-------
     SITE(SAMPLES)  O leas than    * min   « radian   X awg   4max
0011 ( 10 ) -
03Q7( ) -
061 1( ) -
nec?/ 1^ \ -*
Ub3«l 1 3 /
071 9( ) •
1099( 15 ) •
1678( 21 ) -
1739( 25 ) -
2358( ) •
2568( ) -
2569( ) -
2575( )' -
2627( ) -
2680( } -
2821 ( 1 ) -
2822( ) -
2892( ) .
2895( 15 } -




I











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              0.0001     0.001     0.01     0.1
                              CONCENTRATION (mg/1)
1.0
10
    SITE
    INDIANS
    UII THIN
    RANGE
i .

i -



1



\\X\NNX\\V



1



I



I





                    LOG CONCENTRATION (0.2S log mg/l rangw)
Figure   A-2^ Range Graph(above) and Median  Frequency-of-occurrence
              Histogram(below) for  Leachate  Silver.

-------
     5ITE(SA«PL£5)   a Ins than   » win  • median   xawg
noi 1 f 1 Q \
uu * ' \ • » /
0307( ) -
OS72( ) -
Q611( ) -
0652 ( 14 )
Ww«J*t\ * ^ /
071 9{ ) -
inggf 15 )
i uaay i w | ™
1878( 21 ) -
1739( ) -
2358( ) -
248*( } -
2568( } -
2569( ) -
257S( ) -
2527( ) -
2680( ) -
2821( ) -
2822( 1 ) .
2892( ) .
2895( 15 ) -









































•









-

























































^

               0.0001    0.001      0.01      0.1

                              CONCENTRATION (mg/1)
1.0
10
     SITE

     INDIANS   a

     WITHIN

     RANGE     >
                                  -t
                     LOG CONCENTRATION (0.2S log mg/1  rangn)


Figure   A-25 Range  Graph(above) and Median Frequency-of-oceurrence
           ,   Hiscogran(below)  for Leachate Antimony.

-------
    SITE(SAMPLES)   O Ins than
min
mrtian
                                                 avg   «IMX

nfM if i o ^ -
UUl I v * *• /
OS72( 1 ) -
0611( ) -
071 9( ) -
1 naa t i <5 ^ «
iLjyy^ 13 /
ifiTfl/ ^n 1 *
1 u f O\ «U /
1739( ) •
2358( ) -
248A( ) -
2S68( } -
2S69( ) -
2S7S( ) -
2827( ) -
2680( ) -
2821 ( ).-
2822( 1 ) -
2692( ) -
2895( 15 ) •





















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1



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              0.0001    0.001      0.01      0.1
                             CONCENTRATION (wj/l)
                  1.0
                    10
    SITE
    MEDIANS
    WITHIN
    RANGE
             i -
                                 I	
                    LOG CONCENTRATION (0.2S log
                      )
Figure  A-26  Range  Graph(above) and Median Frequency-of-occurrence
              Histogram(below)  for Leachate Beryllium.

-------
   SITE(SWW-ES)   O less than  »>  min  # median  x  avg   * max
0011 ( 10 ) -
0307( 2 ) -
OS72( 5 ) -
0611 ( 1 ) -
0652( 1S ) -
0719( 1 ) -
1099( 17 ) -
1678( 23 ) -
1739( 25 ) -
2358( ) -
2( 1 ) •
2568( ) -
2S69( 2 ) -
2575( U ) -
2627( 1 ) .
2680 ( ) -
2821 ( 1 ) -
2S22( 3 1 -,
fcUfc&\ •• / ^
2892( 2 ) -
289S( 15 ) -
r
















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MM
CM— *


1
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.
             0.0001     0.001      0.01     0.1

                             CONCENTRATION (mq/1)
1.0
10


SITE
MEDIANS
WITHIN
RANGE

• J
T-l
,.
a -
4 •
a -
a -






£
^
X
|


1
                   LOG CONCENTRATION (0.25 log mg/1 ranges)

Figure  A-27  Range  Graph(above) and  Median Frequ«ncy-of-occurrence
              Histogram(below) for  Leachate Copper.

-------
   SITE(SAfPLES)  O leas than   » min   •median   xav/q    4max
0011 ( 9 ) -
0307( ) -
0572( 2 ) -
0611( ) -
0652( 15 ) -
071 9( ) -
« no/at i T 1 •
1Q99V *J I
1678( 17 ) -
1739( ) -
23S8( ) -
2568( ) -
2S69( ) -
2575( U ) -
2B27( } -

2680( ) -
2821 ( ) -
2822( 1 } -
2892( ) -
289S( 15 ) -
























«—













I

-4










1







•

ON



• • «

















4











_ -.








             0.0001     0.001     0.01     0.1
                             CONCENTRATION (mg/1)
                                               1.0
10
SITE
PEOIANS
UITHW
RANGE
             *'
                   LK CONCENTRATION (0.25 log ng/1 ranges)
Figure   A-28 Range Graph(above) and Median  Frequency-of-occurrence
              Hiscogram(below) for  Leachate  Cyanide.

-------
    SITE(SAWUS)  Oltas than   mtin   • iwdian   xavg   «nax
0011( 10 ) -
0307( ) -
0572( 5 } -
0611 ( 1 } -
0652( 15 ) -
0719( 1 ) -
1099( 17 ) -
1678( 23 ) -
1739( 24 )
2358( ) -
2S68( ) -
2S69( 2 ) -
2S7Sf 14 1
£W'«J\ /
2627( 1 ) .
2680( ) -
2821 ( 1 ) -
2822( 1 ) .
2892( 2 ) .
289S( 15 ) -

















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•


1

,

1
•






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M





































0.001      0.01      0.1      1.0      10
               CONCENTRATION (mg/1)
                                                            100
    SITE
    INDIANS
    WITHIN
    RANGE





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t -
t -







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/
y
1
?






ft
fxxxxxx
y.
s
/
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                        -*
                    LOG CONCENTRATION (0.25 log nq/1 ranges)
Figure  A-29  Range Graph(above) and  Median  Frequency-of-occurrence
              Histogram(below) for Leachate  Nickel.

-------
    SITE(5AflPLE5)  OIMS than   •> min   • macjian   xavg
0011 ( 9 ) -
Q307( ) -
0572( } -
0611( ) -
06S2( 15 ) -
0719( ) -
1099( 13 ) -
1678( 19 ) -
1739( ) -
2358( ) -
2484 ( ) -
2568( ) -
2569( ) -
2575( ) -
2627( ) -
2seo( ) -
2821 ( ) -
2822( 1 ) •
2892( ) -
289S( 13 ) -
1


















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f 1




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              0.0001     0.001     0.01     0.1      1.0
                              CONCENTRATION (mg/1)
                                               10
    SITE
    flEOIANS
    WITHIN
    RANGE
3 •
                    LOG CONCENTRATION (0.2S log mg/1 rangas)
Figure  A-30 Range Graph(above) and Median Frequency-of-occurrence
              Histogram(below) for  Leachate Thallium.

-------
     SITC(S4flPL£5) 0 IMS than   > win  «  median  x avg   « man
0011 ( 10 ) -
0307( 2 ) -
0572( 5 ) •
0611( 1 ) -I
0652( 30 ) •
0719( 1 ) •
inQQ/ 51 \ m
1 U99\ «• I /
1678( 23 ) -
1739f 25 ^
1 ( J3^ £^ / ™
2358( ) -
2S68( ) -
2S69( 2 } -
257S( 13 ) -
2627( 1 ) -
2680( ) -
2821 ( 4 ) -
2822( 2 ) -
2992( 2 ) 4
289S( IS ) -
b


1















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               0.01     0.1       1.0      10       100
                              CONCENTRATION (mq/1)
1000
    SITE
    flEDIANS
    WITHIN
    RANGE
4 -

a -
i -


n
I
•
I
J
X
XXXXXXXXXXN


I
kXXxXXXXXXl
I

               -a
                    LOG CONCENTRATION (0.2S log mg/1 ranges)
Figure  A-31 Range Graph(above)  and Median  Frequency-of-occurrence
              Hi3togram(below) for  Leachate  Zinc.

-------
Table  A-l Total Leachate Phenol Analysis Results
iite 10


0011
0011
0572
0572
0572
0572
0552
0552
0652
0652
0652
0652
0652
0652
0652
0652
0652 .
0652
0652
0652
0652
1099
1099
1099
1678
1678
1678
1678
1678
1678
1678
1678
2627
2822
2895
2895
2895
Sample
Source
(D
cs(n3)
cs(n3)
cs(«)
HU(812)
HW(B20)
HU(B21)
CS{!t)
cs
-------
Table A-2  Leachata Analysis Results for PolycMorinatad Biphenyls, Pesticides and
            Herbicides

Compound


Pol/chlorinated Biphenyls
1242
1254
1221
1232
1248
1260
1016
Unspecific
Number of
Leaehata
Analysis


18
18
18
15
18
18
18
27
Number of Samples
with a Detectable
Concentration
(det limit OOppb)

0
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
Sites where
Detected
(cone range)
(ppb)







1099(2.3
1739(6.9-310
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides
         Aldrin                   21
         Alpha-BHC                18
         Beta-BHC                 18
         Camma-BHC                21
         Oelta-BHC                18
         BHC                       3
         Chlordane                20
         DOT                      21
         DOE                      21
         000                      21
         Oieldrin                 21
         £ndosulfan(a and b)       20
         Endosulfan Sulfate        19
         Endrin                   23
         Endrin Aldehyde           20
         Heptachlor               21
         Heptachlor Epoxide        21
         Toxaphene                22
         Plethoxychlor              1
         Wirex                     1

Organophosphorus Insecticides
         Ptethylparathion            1
         Ethylparathion             1

Chlorophenoxy Herbicides
         2,4-0                     2
         2,4,5-TP                  2
         2,3,7,8-TCOO              1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
      2822(4.6)
572(7), 1099(1800)
 Includes data from sitast  11,572,719,1099,1878,1739,2568,2569,2627,2822,2895.
 Source:   Wisconsin Department of Natural  Resources Report

-------
        Table   A-3  Typical  Orders-of-Magnitude  Concentration  Ranges  Of
     Contaminants  In Municipal  Solid Waste  Landfill  Leachates  In  Wlscon

mo/1 Range             Parameters

 1,000 - 100,000       BOO, COO, Alkalinity, Hardness, TDS
   100 - 1,000         TSS, Total-N,  Chlorides,  Sultates, Sodium, Iron
    10 - 100           21nc
   1.0 - 10            Manganese, Total-P,  Barium
   0.1 - 1.0           N1trate-N, Chromium, Lead, Copper
  0.01 - 0.1           Arsenic, Cadmium, Selenium, Silver, Antimony,  Cy<
                          Nickel, Thallium
 0.001 - 0.01           Beryllium
0.0001 - 0.001         Mercury
 Source:  Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Report

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            APPENDIX B
WISCONSIN CASE HISTORY INFORMATION

-------
                                        TABLE B-1

                         WISCONSIN CASE HISTORY INFORMATION
Site Number: 0011
Site Name: WMI-Lauer I, Wt
Site Type: Zone-of-saturation
Total Design Volume (million cubic yards): Not available
Principal Waste Types: MSW, IND
Date Filling Began:  pre-1960
Site Size (Acres): 38

      •  Leachate barium concentrations exceeded the drinking water standard of 1  mg/l


Site Number: 0307
Site Name: WMI-Polk, Wl
Site Type: Clay Lined
Total Design Volume (million cubic yards): 0.5
Principal Waste Types: MSW
Date Riling Began:  1970
Site Size (Acres): 9

      e  Older site - lower and more consistent suspended solids concentrations.

      e  Leachate oxygen demand medians greater than 20,000 mg/l.

      e  Median chronium concentrations above 0.2 mg/l.

      e  Aluminum concentrations of 4.5 and 5.6 mg/l.


Site Number: 0572
Site Name: Land Reclamation, Wl
Site Type: Zone-of-saturation
Total Design  Volume (million cubic yards): 9.5
Principal Waste Types: MSW, IND, HA2
Date Filling Began:  pre-1970
Site Size (Acres): 82

      •  Patterns of leachate oxygen demand over time, complicated by operational  conditions.

      e  Chromium concentration above 1.5 mg/t.

      •  Median selenium concentrations exceed drinking water standard.

      e  Median cyanide concentration of 0.25 mg/l (maximum cyanide concentration in drinking
         water is 0.2 mg/l).

      •  Leachate nickel concentrations exceeded 1 mg/l.

      •  Leachate aluminum concentration below  1 mg/l.
                                           B-1

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      •  The 1,2 isomer of dichloroethane was detected.

      •  Halogenated ethers and aliphatics detected more frequently than the other landfills.

      •  Herbicide 2,4-0 detected: 7 pg/t - Primary drinking water standard is 100 pg/l.

      •  42% of the suspended solids were volatile.


Site Number: 0611
Site Name:  Winnebago Co., Winnebago, Wl
Site Type: Zone»of-saturation
Total Design Volume (million cubic yards):  5.5
Principal Waste Types: M5W, IND
Date Filling Began: pre-1970
Site Size (Acres):  94

      e  Site with one of the lower leachate nitrogen (200-500 mg/l) concentrations.

      e  Weakest leachate for specific conductance.


Site Number: 0652
Site Name:  Tork.WI
Site Type: Retrofit
Total Design Volume (million cubic yards):  1.5
Principal Waste Types: MSW, IND
Date Filling Began: 1970
Site Size (Acres):  38

      e  More dilute leachate - lower and more consistent suspended solids concentrations.

      e  Leachate silver concentration of 0.05 mg/l (high).


Site Number: 0719
Site Name:  Delafield, Delafield, Wl
Site Type: Clay lined
Total Design Volume (million cubic yards):  1.0
Principal Waste Types: MSW
Date Filling Began: 1975
Site Size (Acres):  13

      e  Highest total kjeldahl and ammonia nitrogen concentrations (over 1,000 mg/l)

      e  Refuse up to 50 feet deep
                                            B-2

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 Sita Number: 1099
 Site Name: WMI-Metro, Wl
 Site Type: Zone-of-saturation
 Total Design Volume (million cubic yards): 9.0
 Principal Waste Types: MSW, IND, HAZ
 Date Filling Began:  pre-1970
 Site Size (Acres): 96

      e   Leachate chloride concentrations in excess of 4,000 mg/I (possibly due to refuse depth).

      •   Arsenic analysis exceeded drinking water standard of 0.05 mg/I (maximum concentration
          of 0.059 mg/I).

      •   Leachate barium concentrations exceeded the drinking water standard of 1 mg/I.

      •   Chromium concentrations above 1.5 mg/I.

      e   Leachate nickel concentration exceeded 1 mg/I.

      •   Leachate aluminum concentration of 85 mg/I.

      •   Methylene chloride concentration of 20,000  mg/I exceeded the ambient water quality
          standard for the noncarcinogenic effects of methylene chloride which is 12,400 mg/I.

      e   Detectable concentration of PCB-1016 was found-2.8 ng/l.

      e   Herbicide  2,4-D was found -1,800 ug/1-Primary drinking water standard is 100pg/l.

      e   Maximum leachate concentrations exceeded all the primary drinking water standards in at
          least one instance.


Site Number:  1678
Site Name: WMI-Omega Hills, Wl
Site Type: Zone-of-saturation
Total Design Volume (million cubic yards): 15.0
Principal Waste Types:  MSW, INO, HAZ
Date Filling Began: 1971
Site Size (Acres):  166

      e   Large co-disposal site.

      e   Leachate oxygen demand medians greater than 20,000 mg/I.

      •   Highest total kjeldahl and ammonia nitrogen concentrations (over 1,000 mg/I).

      e  Leachate chloride concentrations in excess of 4,000 mg/I (possibly due to refuse depth.

      •  Highest chloride concentration of 11,375 mg/I.

      •  Leachate sulfide range of < 1 to 7.2 mg/I.

      •  Arsenic analysis exceeded drinking water standard of  0.05 mg/I one value of 70.2 mg/I,
         next highest 1.05 mg/I).
                                           B-3

-------
      e  Pile records indicate pesticides were disposed of here.

      •  Leachate barrium concentrations exceeded the drinking water standard of 1 mg/l.

      •  Chromium concentrations above 1.5 mg/l.

      e  Leachate lead concentrations typically greater than 0.3 mg/l and potentially as high as 10
         mg/l.

      e  Leachate silver concentration of 0.083 mg/l (high).

      •  Highest beryllium concentration.

      e  Leachate nickel concentrations exceeded 1 mg/l.

      e  Halogenated ethers and aliphatics detected more frequently than the other sites.

      •  Higher values of phenol.

      e  The  maximum  leachate  concentrations  exceeded all of the  primary drinking water
         standards in at least one instance.


Site Number: 1739
Site Name:  MWI - Pheasant Run, Wl
Site Type: Zone-of-saturation
Total Design Volume (million cubic yards):  1.6
Principal Waste Types: MSW, (NO
Date Filling Began: pre-1967
Site Size (Acres): 35

      e  Arsenic analysis exceeded drinking water standard of 0.05 mg/l (maximum concentration:
         1.29 mg/l).

      e  Chromium concentrations above 1.5 mg/l.

      e  Leachate lead concentration in excess of 2 mg/l.

      •  Leachate selenium concentrations exceeded 0.1 mg/l (high value of 1.85 mg/l).

      e  Leachate silver concentration of 0.07 mg/l (high).

      e  Copper concentrations exceeded drinking water standard of 1 mg/l.

      e  Maximum leachate concentrations exceeded all of the primary drinking water standards
         in at least one instance.
                                            B-4

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Site Number: 2358
Site Name:  Fond du Lac Co., Wl
Site Type: Zone-of-saturation
Total Design Volume (million cubic yards): 0.5
Principal Waste Types: MSWJND
Date Filling Began: 1978
Site Size (Acres): 16

      e  Wide variability in leachate specific conductance over time


Site Number: 2484
Site Name:  Outagamie Co., Wl
Site Type: Zone-of-saturation
Total Design Volume (million cubic yards): 3.2
Principal Waste Types: MSW, IND
Date Filling Began: 1975
Site Size (Acres): 47

      •  Reduction in initially high BODs of 6,000-8,000 mg/l to highs typically less than 5,000 mg/l.

      e  High BOD values each year in the spring or summer.

      e  Patterns of leachate oxygen demand complicated by operational conditions.

      e  Median chromium concentrations above 0.2 mg/l.


Site Number: 2568
Site Name:  Brown Co. West, Green Bay West, Wl
Site Type: Zone-of-saturation
Total Design Volume (million cubic yards): 4.0
Principal Waste Types:  MSW, IND
Date Filling Began: 1977
Site Size (Acres): 50

      e  Had detectable concentration of 1,1 -dichloroethane.

      e  The 1,2 isomer of dichloroethane was detected.

      e  Xylene detected (one of 2 sites tested).
                                           B-5

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Site Number: 2569
Site Name: Brown Co. East, Green Bay East, Wl
Site Type: Clay lined
Total Design Volume (million cubic yards): 6.0
Principal Waste Types: MSW
Date Filling Began: 1976
Site Size (Acres):  30

      •   Leachate aluminum concentration below 1 mg/l

      •   Detectable concentration of 1,1-dichloroethane

      e   Xylene detected (one of 2 sites that were tested)


Site Number: 2575
Site Name: WMI-Ridgeview, Wl
Site Type: Natural Attenuation
Total Design Volume (million cubic yards): 0.8
Principal Waste Types: MSW, IND
Date Filling Began: 1976
Site Size (Acres):  17

      9   Median chromium concentrations above 0.2 mg/l


Site Number: 2627
Site Name: City of Superior, Wl
Site Type: Zone-of*saturation
Total Design Volume (million cubic yards): 0.6
Principle Waste Types: MSW, IND
Date Filling Began: 1976
Site Size (Acres): 20


Site Number: 2680
Site Name: Dane Co., Wl
Site Type:  Natural Attenuation
Total Design Volume (million cubic yards): 1.5
Principal Waste Types: MSW
Date Filling Began: 1977
Site Size (Acres): 49

      e  Specific conductance can be as high as 19,000 umhos/cm.

      e  Di ssol ved sol i ds - strongest I eachate, from headwel I.

      e  Leachate oxygen demand medians greater than 20,000 mg/l.

      •  Leachate headwell in 20 feet of refuse.

      •  The well is a source of undiluted leachate since the  leachate is not collected, it remains in
         contact with waste for a long  time. The leachate strength is therefore slowly increasing,
         and leachate is very contaminated.
                                           B-6

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Sit* Number: 2821
Site Name: Eau Claire Co., Seven Mile Creek, Wl
Site Type: Clay lined
Total Design Volume (million cubic yards):  1.2
Principal Waste Types: MSW
Date Filling Began: 1978
Site Size (Acres): 24

      e  Wide variability in leachate specific conductance over time


Sit* Number: 2822
Site Name: City of janesville, Janesville, Wl
Site Type: Clay lined
Total Design Volume (million cubic yards): 0.7
Principal Waste Types: MSW, IND
Date Filling Began: 1978
Site Size (Acres): 18

      e  increase in concentration of oxygen-demanding material in leachate over years.

      e  Leachate barium concentrations exceeded the drinking water standard of 1 mg/1.

      e  Leachate aluminum concentration below 1 mg/l.

      e  The 1,2 isomer of dichloroethane was detected.

      e  Pesticides detected:  4.6ug/lof delta-BHC.


Site Number: 2892
Site Name:  Marathon Co., Marathon, Wl
Site Type: Clay lined
Total Design Volume (million cubic yards): 1.5
Principal Waste Types: MSW, IND
Date Filling Began:  1980
Site Size (Acres): 10

      e  Increase in the concentration of oxygen-demanding material in leachate over the years.

      e  Site with one of the lowest leachate nitrogen (200-500 mg/l).

      e  Higher % levels of organic nitrogen.
                                           B-7

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Sit» Number. 2895
Site Name:  WMI - Muskego, Wl
Site Type: Gay Lined
Total Design Volume (million cubic yards): 1.3
Principal Waste Types: MSW
Date Filling Began: 1980
Site Size (Acres): 29

      •  Leachate barium concentrations exceeded the drinking water standard of 1 mg/l.

      e  Highest concentration of silver.

      •  Detectable concentration of 1 ,l-dichloroethane.

      •  Phenol values from 39 to 350 pg/l were detected.
                                            3-S

-------