United States
             Environmental Protection
              Agency
                 Office of Solid Waste .
                 and Emergency Response
                 Washington, DC 20460
EPA.530-SW-37-02S
October 1987  C-
r/EPA
              Solid Want
Characterization of MWC Ashes
and Leachates from MSW Landfills,
Monofills, and Co-Disposal  Sites
              Volume VII of VII
              Addendum to Monofill Report

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                                                          D-33-5-7-21
                                FINAL

                    ADDENDUM TO MONOF1LL REPORT
                           VOLUME VII OF VII
                             Prepared for
                U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                        OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE
                          WASHINGTON, O.C
                       CONTRACT NO. 68-01-7310
                       WORK ASSIGNMENT NO. 04
EPA Contract Officer                                  EPA Project Manager
Jon R. Perry                                         Gerry Dorian  .
                              Prepared by
                          NUS CORPORATION
                                       U B.€n*0mru«la1 Protection Agency
                                       Region -5, Library (PL-12J) ...-
                                             .Jackson Bou!evaidrj 12
                                                            •

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                        TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONVENTIONAL PARAMETERS IN LEACHATES FROM
MONOFILLS AND IN QUENCH WATERS	  1
TRIP REPORT: LEACHATE SAMPLING OF LANDFILL, FACILITY A	  5
TRIP REPORT: LEACHATE SAMPLING OF LANDFILL, FACILITY B 	  7
TRIP REPORT: LEACHATE SAMPLING OF LANDFILL, FACILITY C 	  9
TRIP REPORT: LEACHATE SAMPLING OF LANDFILL, FACILITY D	  13

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                                TABLES
NUMBER                                                           PAGE

1        Conventional Parameters in Leachates from
         Monpfills and in Quench Waters  	  2
2        Municipal Waste Combustor Design and Operating Characteristics ..  3
3        Ash Monofill Characteristics  	  4

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ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS
BNA
BOD
CAS
CB
CERCLA
COD
Codisposal
CP
OWE
EP
EPA
ESP
HSWA
HWC
LF
MCL
Mono-fill
MSW
MW
MWC
MWEP
NO
NPDES
PAHs
PCBs
Base-neutral and Acid Extractables
Biological Oxygen Demand
Chemical Abstract Service
Chlorobiphenyl
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Disposal together of municipal solid wastes and municipal solid waste
combustion ashes
Chlorinated Phenols
Deionized Water Extraction Test Method
Extraction Procedure
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Electrostatic Precipitator
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments
Hazardous Waste Combustion
Landfill
Maximum Contaminant Level
A landfill that contains only solid waste combustion ashes and
residues
Municipal Solid Waste
Monitoring Well
Municipal Waste Combustion
Monofilled Waste Extraction Procedure, also known as SW-924
Not Detected
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Polychlorinated Biphenyis
          IV

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ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS
PAGE TWO
PCDDs
PCDFs
POTW
RCRA
RDF
RPD
SS
SW-924
TCLP
TDS
TEF
TNK
TOC
TSCA
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
Polychlorinated dibenzofurans
Publically Owned Treatment Works
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Refuse Derived Fuel
Relative Percent Difference
Suspended Solids
Deionized Water Extraction Test Method
Toxic Characteristics Leaching Procedure Test Method
Total Dissolved Solids
Toxic Equivalency Factors
Total Nitrogen Kjeldahl
Total Organic Carbon
Toxic Substances Control Act

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        CONVENTIONAL PARAMETERS IN LE AC HATES FROM MONORLLS
                         AND IN QUENCH WATERS
The four monofills sampled  by Versar in September of 1986 were revisited and
resampled by NUS during the week of June 2 through June 6,1987.

Leachates and quench water samples were  analyzed in-situ for pH and specific
conductance.  Samples were sent to the NUS Pittsburgh laboratory for COD and
ammonia-nitrogen analyses.  Results are  presented in Table 1. The  applicable
information collected during this sampling week are given in the corresponding
Trip Reports which follow.

Table 2  provides a summary of the four Municipal Waste  Combustor design and
operating characteristics, and Table 3 provides the Ash Monofill Characteristics.
Data provided in these two tables originate from the Versar Report (Volume V of
this report) and from data collected during the additional sampling trip.

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                                     TABLE 1
              CONVENTIONAL PARAMETERS IN LEACHATES FROM MONOFILLS
                              AND IN QUENCH WATERS
Parameter
PH-
Specifie Conductance"
COO, mg/l
NHj-N. mg/l
Temperature, *C
Facility A
Leachate
-
-
-
-
-
Quench
Water
11.91
4.900
38
0.7
36.3
Facility 8
Leachate
7.44
4,200

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                                                     TABLE 2
                                     MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTOR DESIGN AND
                                           OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS

Facility
A

B


C



D



Facility Type
Resource/energy recovery
continuous feed, water-
wall, rotary kiln
Energy recovery
continuous feed, water-
wall, traveling grate
Continuous feed.
reciprocating grate.
rotary kiln

Energy recovery
continuous feed, water-
wall reciprocating grate


No of
Combustors
2
il/f2
3
42/J3/S4


i \H2




f 1/12


Year of
Construction
1981/1982

1974
1986


1970



1972



Capacity
tons/day
(design)
100/100

3 60/3 607
400


300/300
•


360/360



Design
Combustion
Temperature (*F)
1.200

1.800


1.800



1.800



Air
Pollution
Control
Cyclone,
ESP
Cyclone.
ESP


ESP



ESP


Waste
Composition
^Residential
HComJIndust.
SO
SO
80
20

50
SO


50
CA



Waste Processing
or Pre-Handling
Remove large objects;
separate glass, iron, and
aluminum for recycle
Remove large appliances and
shred tires


Remove large items

Remove tires and large
noncombustible materials;
recycle ferrous metals as
scrap; periodically shred and
burn tires
ESP = Electrostatic precipitation

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                                                  TABLE 3

                                        ASH MONOFILL CHARACTEMSTICS
Facility
A
B
C
D
Years of
Operation
1982-1987
1981-1987
19702050
Post- 1980
1987
Combustor
Residue
Disposed
60TPD
130
tss
90
Other Types of Waste Disposed
Tires, construction debris, and
noncombustibles
Large items and construction debris
Noncombustible items
Tires and noncombustibles
Leachate
Collection
System
None
None
None
Gravel (not
functioning)
Cover
Daily soil cover;
3-loot clay final
cover
Soil
6- 12 inches
NA
NA
Runoff Control
Impermeable cap; graded contour;
diversion ditch around landfill
perimeter
Relatively thin cap; hay bales
around one corner of landfill to
inhibit runoff
Adjacent mounds of waste tend to
trap sur face water; erosion of slope
evident
Flat acea adjacent to waste pile
tends to collect surface water
No. of Usable
Groundwater
Monitoring
Wells
1
2
3
0
TPD    = Tons Per Day
NA     - Not Applicable

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                                                                C-34-6-7-230
                                TRIP REPORT
                       LEACHATE SAMPLING OF LANDFILL
                                 FACILITY A
                                JUNE 3. 1987
TO:                 HAIA ROFFMAN
FROM:               RICK ADKISSON
DATE:               JUNE 23, 1987
Facility A Introduction
Facility  A  was visited on June  3,  1987.   Only quench water was obtained.
Insltu measurements were as follows:
    Sample Number              Ql  (Quench water  from  Unit  1  quench tank Inlet
                              to  the overflow
    pH                        11.91
    Conductivity               4900  (nricromhos/cm)
    Water Temperature          36.3°C
Key Facts Regarding This Facility  Arc:
  •  Facility  accepts  municipal*  commercial,   and   Industrial  wastes
     (approximately SOX 1s Industrial).
  •  Facility has 2 units with start-up dates of December 1981, and March
     1982.
  •  Each  unit capacity 1s 100 tons/day.
  •  Incineration temperature 1s 1800-2000°F.
  •  Process achieves approximately a  90% reduction in volume, and a 50%
     reduction 1n weight.
  •  No  bulk liquids,  however, sometimes  paper products  may be soaked with
     various industrial  fluids, and  run through  the plant.

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                                                                  C-34-6-7-230
TO:    HA IA ROFFMAN
FROM:  RICK AOKISSON
JUKE 23, 1987 - PAGE TOO


  •  Quench water tank contains  approximately 101 fly ash, and 90S bottom ash.

  t  Plant  uses  a  modified  Rotary  Barrel  design   with  electrostatic
     predpltators,  and no  scrubbers for fly ash control.

  •  When both units are operational,  they produce 50,000 Ibs.  of steam/hour.
     Roughly 18,000-20,000  Ibs.  water/hour are required for system make-up.

  •  Ash 1s landfllled 13 miles  from the plant.   The landfill has no leachate
     collection system, no  Hner, and no run-off diversion system.

  •  The percentage  of weight reduction  achieved 1s dependent upon the quench
     water  ash cooling tank  process  which  significantly Increases  the  ash
     weight (estimated at  101 moisture content  Immediately following the tank
     cooling),  as  well as  the amount of Industrial scrap metal run at any one
     time.

  •  Four (4)  VOAs shipped  to NUS Pittsburgh Laboratory under Federal Express
     Airbill  No.  4399042362 on June 3, 1987.


RA/lmd

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                                                                 C-34-6-7-231
                                TRIP REPORT
                        LEACHATE SAM>LING OF LANDFILL
                                 FACILITY B
                                JUNE 3, 1987
TO:        HAIA ROFFNAN
FROM:      RICK AOKISSON
DATE:      JUNE 23,  1987

Facility B Introduction
Facility B was  visited  on  June  3,  1987.   Both  a  quench water and a  leachate
water  sample  were  obtained.   These samples  were obtained from  the same
locations.   Versar had obtained  their samples  1n September of 1986.  The
insitu measurements  were as follows:
    Sample Number             Q2 (Quench water taken from sample location as
                              Versar.  Taken in the surface  drainage channel
                              below  the Ash Fill Area.
                              L2 (Leachate sample  collected  at the  NE  comer
                              of the landfill).
    pH                  '      12.09
                               7.44
    Conductivity              5100 (m1cromhos/cm)
                              4200 (micromhos/cm)
    Water Temperature          32.5°C
                              27.5°C
Key Facts Regarding  This Facility Are:
  •  Facility accepts mostly  municipal  waste  (80%), commercial  waste (18%),
     and some Industrial waste (2%).
  •  Facility has two 360 ton capacity units, and one 400 ton capacity unit.

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                                                                 C-34-6-7-231
TO:    HAIA ROFFMAM
FROM:  RICK ADKISSON
JUNE 23, 1987 - PAGE TWO


  t  The 400 ton unit was operational  approximately 6 months ago,  while both
     360 ton units  became operational In 1974.

  •  Incineration temperature 1s about 1800°F.

  •  Process  achieves approximately a 90S reduction In volume,  and a 70S
     reduction in weight.

  •  No bulk liquids are accepted.

  •  Plant  uses  a  mass  burn,  water  wall  stoker,   grate  design  with
     electrostatic  preclpltators, and no scrubbers for fly ash  control.

  •  Both bottom and  fly  ash  are mixed prior  to landfill Ing  and  during the
     cooling process.

  •  Cooling process Involves  the spraying of  water through jets Instead of
     using a quench water tank system.

  t  Yearly average of waste handled on a dally basis 1s  634.70 tons/day.

  t  Apparently landfill (5 miles  from plant)  has  no  leachate collection
     system, no Uner, and no run-off diversion system.

  •  Quench water from plant Is discharged Into the sanitary sewer.

  •  Eight (8)  VOAs  shipped to NUS Pittsburgh Laboratory  under  Federal  Express
     Airbill No.  4399042362.


RA/lmd
                                          8

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                                                                C-34-6-7-117
                                TRIP REPORT

                        LEACHATE SAMPLING OF LANDFILL

                                 FACILITY C

                                JUNE 2, 1987
TO:      HAIA ROFFMAN

FROM:    TERRY ROJAHN

DATE:    JUNE 23,  1987
Facility C Introduction

Facility C 1s  18  years  old and has  a  fill  area of 60 acres.  Approximately
450-500 tons of solid waste  Is  Incinerated  1n  a 24-hour  period;  or,  150,000
tons Incinerated and subsequently disposed of by this facility 1n a   'period
of one year.  At the  present  rate of  filling  this facility should last to the
year 2020.   The Incineration  process  consumes approximately  70% of the  solid
waste and the remaining  30% comes out as ash, metal  and glass.  Ninty  percent
of the  waste accepted  by  this facility  is  of the  household type and the
remaining ten percent  comes from industry.   As  the pile  is filled it is
covered with top  soil and  extended 1n  a northwardly direction.  The landfill
has no liner; however, plans to construct a catch basin for the leachate  water
coming from a seep at the notheast comer  of  the presently disturbed  fill area
is in progress.  Leachate water  will  be trapped  in the catch  basin and pumped
via PVC piping  to  the sewage  line west  of  the fill area.
Brihkman.   •


Facility C Stapling

Leachate  Water:   Sampled leachate seep at  the  northeast corner  of the
landfill.   Sampling Information was as  follows:


     Time                        1410 Hours
     pH                         8.58
     Temperature                33.3°C
     Specific Conductivity       > 10,000
     Color                      Black
     Turbidity                   High
     Collection Method           Stainless Steel Beaker

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                                                                  C-34-6-7-117
 TO:     HAIA ROFFMMI
 FROM:   TERRY ROJAM
 JUNE 23,  1987 - PAGE TO
 Quench Water:  At the time of the sampling the Incinerator units were fired up
 but the plant was not operating due to loss of power to  the  grates  cased  by a
 thunderstorm  going  through  the  area  at  approximately 1230 hours.   Sampling
 Information was as follows:

     Time                        1520 Hours
     pH                          5.68
     Temperature                 40.8°C
     Specific conductivity       9,100
     Color                       Black
     Turbidity                   High
     Collection Method           Stainless Steel  beaker
     Remarks                     Sample collected at the weir overflow to
                                 the sump

 The above  samples were  deliverable  to the NUS  Laboratory  for  analysis  (See
 Attachment 1 - Cha1n-of-Custody Record).


 Streaa Intonation

 The stream flowing  west to east  running  beneath  the landfill was not sampled;
 however, at three distinct locations (See Attachment 2):

     o  West of landfill (Location 1)
     o  East of landfill and before leachate seep point of entry (Location 2)
     o  East of landfill and after leachate seep point of entry (Location  3)


 The following Information was obtained:

     Location  '                  1            23'
     pH                          7.71        8.22        8.47
     Tempature                   23.8°C      27.6°C      26.7°
     Specific Conductivity       360         2000        2400
     Color                       Tan         Lt.  tan     Slightly darker
                                                         than Loc. 2
     Turbidity                   MID         MID         MID
TR/s1c
                                          10

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           12

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                                                                C-34-6-7-118
                                TRIP REPORT

                       LEACHATE SANPLING OF LANDFILL

                                 FACILITY 0

                                JUNE 1, 1987

TO:        HAIA HOFFMAN

FROM:      TERRY ROJAHN

DATE:      JUNE 23,  1987
Facility D Information

Facility 0 has an Intake  of refuse at  approximately  650 tons/day with a
reduction in volume  of  75-902  after Incineration.   Incineration  takes  place
on-s1te.   Large  bulky  Items are  segregated  (ex.  refrigerators,  large  paper
rolls,  etc.) before Incineration  to prevent conveyor  blockage.    Later
contractors haul  bulky Items away for  recycling at  no charge  Imposed  by the
facility.   For  the  most  part municipal  refuse (ex. bottles, fabric, tin cans,
tires, furniture, metal  items small  enough to pass through  the conveyor system
etc.)  1s presently being  burned  and disposed of  via Landfill 81 (age 5-6 years
old)  as  the old  landfill, Landfill  A  (age 15 years  old),  was filled to
capacity.    Residue  Site Bl occupies  a total  area  of 2.63 acres, and  has a
capacity  of approximately  96,216  cu. yds.    Site  Bl  is  almost filled to
capacity and plans  for expansion are already in progress.   The facility also
has plans to mix sewage  sludge  sometime in the future.

Facility D Sapling

Leachate Water:

Leachate water  was  sampled  from a large area  of standing water at  the base of
the northeast corner  of  Landfill  B.  The  area of standing  water was littered
with  debris (ex. rags,  tires,  cans, plastic,  etc.) and nude  of  vegetation.
Sampling Information  was as  follows:

     Time                       1035 Hours
     pH                         8.12
     Temperature                 29.3°C
     Specific Conductivity       9,300
     Color                      Tan
     Turbidity                   MID
     Sampling Method             Stainless Steel Beaker
     Remarks                    Refuse odor,  Insect  larvae on water
                                surface,  and  occasional  bubbling
                                action of water observed
                                    13

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                                                                 C-34-6-7-118

TO:     HAIA HOFFMAN
FROM:   TERRY ROJAHN
JUNE 23, 1987  -  PAGE TO


Quench Water:

The quench water  sample was obtained 1n  the  middle  of the second shift from
the Unit  1  discharger as Unit 2  (where  Versar took their  samples)  was shut
down.  The following Information  was obtlaned:

     Time                        1135 Hours
     pH                          11.73
     Temperature                 31.5°C
     Specific Conductivity       >10,000
     Color                       clear
     Turbidity                   Low
     Sampling  Method           Sample was obtained  by collecting
                                 the drippings  directly beneath the
                                 discharger, because  of the  amount
                                 of fine metal  particles 1n  the
                                 quench water  and the unsafe footing
                                 at the end of the discharger

The above samples  were delivered to the NUS Laboratory  for analysis (see
Attachment 1).


Other Site Intonation

The small pond at the  base  of  the south  side  of the  old landfill  (Landfill  A)
was not sampled; however, the following Information was obtained:

     Time                        1110
     pH                          7.99
     Temperature                 13.7
     Specific Conductivity       2,400
     Color                       Green tint
     Turbidity        '           Low-MID
     Remarks                     Pond contained aquatic vegetation

TR/sIc
                                           14

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