United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Solid Waste .
and Emergency Response
Washington, DC 20460
EPA.530-SW-37-02S
October 1987 C-
r/EPA
Solid Want
Characterization of MWC Ashes
and Leachates from MSW Landfills,
Monofills, and Co-Disposal Sites
Volume VII of VII
Addendum to Monofill Report
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D-33-5-7-21
FINAL
ADDENDUM TO MONOF1LL REPORT
VOLUME VII OF VII
Prepared for
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE
WASHINGTON, O.C
CONTRACT NO. 68-01-7310
WORK ASSIGNMENT NO. 04
EPA Contract Officer EPA Project Manager
Jon R. Perry Gerry Dorian .
Prepared by
NUS CORPORATION
U B.n*0mru«la1 Protection Agency
Region -5, Library (PL-12J) ...-
.Jackson Bou!evaidrj 12
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONVENTIONAL PARAMETERS IN LEACHATES FROM
MONOFILLS AND IN QUENCH WATERS 1
TRIP REPORT: LEACHATE SAMPLING OF LANDFILL, FACILITY A 5
TRIP REPORT: LEACHATE SAMPLING OF LANDFILL, FACILITY B 7
TRIP REPORT: LEACHATE SAMPLING OF LANDFILL, FACILITY C 9
TRIP REPORT: LEACHATE SAMPLING OF LANDFILL, FACILITY D 13
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TABLES
NUMBER PAGE
1 Conventional Parameters in Leachates from
Monpfills and in Quench Waters 2
2 Municipal Waste Combustor Design and Operating Characteristics .. 3
3 Ash Monofill Characteristics 4
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ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS
BNA
BOD
CAS
CB
CERCLA
COD
Codisposal
CP
OWE
EP
EPA
ESP
HSWA
HWC
LF
MCL
Mono-fill
MSW
MW
MWC
MWEP
NO
NPDES
PAHs
PCBs
Base-neutral and Acid Extractables
Biological Oxygen Demand
Chemical Abstract Service
Chlorobiphenyl
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Disposal together of municipal solid wastes and municipal solid waste
combustion ashes
Chlorinated Phenols
Deionized Water Extraction Test Method
Extraction Procedure
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Electrostatic Precipitator
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments
Hazardous Waste Combustion
Landfill
Maximum Contaminant Level
A landfill that contains only solid waste combustion ashes and
residues
Municipal Solid Waste
Monitoring Well
Municipal Waste Combustion
Monofilled Waste Extraction Procedure, also known as SW-924
Not Detected
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Polychlorinated Biphenyis
IV
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ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS
PAGE TWO
PCDDs
PCDFs
POTW
RCRA
RDF
RPD
SS
SW-924
TCLP
TDS
TEF
TNK
TOC
TSCA
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
Polychlorinated dibenzofurans
Publically Owned Treatment Works
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Refuse Derived Fuel
Relative Percent Difference
Suspended Solids
Deionized Water Extraction Test Method
Toxic Characteristics Leaching Procedure Test Method
Total Dissolved Solids
Toxic Equivalency Factors
Total Nitrogen Kjeldahl
Total Organic Carbon
Toxic Substances Control Act
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CONVENTIONAL PARAMETERS IN LE AC HATES FROM MONORLLS
AND IN QUENCH WATERS
The four monofills sampled by Versar in September of 1986 were revisited and
resampled by NUS during the week of June 2 through June 6,1987.
Leachates and quench water samples were analyzed in-situ for pH and specific
conductance. Samples were sent to the NUS Pittsburgh laboratory for COD and
ammonia-nitrogen analyses. Results are presented in Table 1. The applicable
information collected during this sampling week are given in the corresponding
Trip Reports which follow.
Table 2 provides a summary of the four Municipal Waste Combustor design and
operating characteristics, and Table 3 provides the Ash Monofill Characteristics.
Data provided in these two tables originate from the Versar Report (Volume V of
this report) and from data collected during the additional sampling trip.
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TABLE 1
CONVENTIONAL PARAMETERS IN LEACHATES FROM MONOFILLS
AND IN QUENCH WATERS
Parameter
PH-
Specifie Conductance"
COO, mg/l
NHj-N. mg/l
Temperature, *C
Facility A
Leachate
-
-
-
-
-
Quench
Water
11.91
4.900
38
0.7
36.3
Facility 8
Leachate
7.44
4,200
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TABLE 2
MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTOR DESIGN AND
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
Facility
A
B
C
D
Facility Type
Resource/energy recovery
continuous feed, water-
wall, rotary kiln
Energy recovery
continuous feed, water-
wall, traveling grate
Continuous feed.
reciprocating grate.
rotary kiln
Energy recovery
continuous feed, water-
wall reciprocating grate
No of
Combustors
2
il/f2
3
42/J3/S4
i \H2
f 1/12
Year of
Construction
1981/1982
1974
1986
1970
1972
Capacity
tons/day
(design)
100/100
3 60/3 607
400
300/300
360/360
Design
Combustion
Temperature (*F)
1.200
1.800
1.800
1.800
Air
Pollution
Control
Cyclone,
ESP
Cyclone.
ESP
ESP
ESP
Waste
Composition
^Residential
HComJIndust.
SO
SO
80
20
50
SO
50
CA
Waste Processing
or Pre-Handling
Remove large objects;
separate glass, iron, and
aluminum for recycle
Remove large appliances and
shred tires
Remove large items
Remove tires and large
noncombustible materials;
recycle ferrous metals as
scrap; periodically shred and
burn tires
ESP = Electrostatic precipitation
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TABLE 3
ASH MONOFILL CHARACTEMSTICS
Facility
A
B
C
D
Years of
Operation
1982-1987
1981-1987
19702050
Post- 1980
1987
Combustor
Residue
Disposed
60TPD
130
tss
90
Other Types of Waste Disposed
Tires, construction debris, and
noncombustibles
Large items and construction debris
Noncombustible items
Tires and noncombustibles
Leachate
Collection
System
None
None
None
Gravel (not
functioning)
Cover
Daily soil cover;
3-loot clay final
cover
Soil
6- 12 inches
NA
NA
Runoff Control
Impermeable cap; graded contour;
diversion ditch around landfill
perimeter
Relatively thin cap; hay bales
around one corner of landfill to
inhibit runoff
Adjacent mounds of waste tend to
trap sur face water; erosion of slope
evident
Flat acea adjacent to waste pile
tends to collect surface water
No. of Usable
Groundwater
Monitoring
Wells
1
2
3
0
TPD = Tons Per Day
NA - Not Applicable
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C-34-6-7-230
TRIP REPORT
LEACHATE SAMPLING OF LANDFILL
FACILITY A
JUNE 3. 1987
TO: HAIA ROFFMAN
FROM: RICK ADKISSON
DATE: JUNE 23, 1987
Facility A Introduction
Facility A was visited on June 3, 1987. Only quench water was obtained.
Insltu measurements were as follows:
Sample Number Ql (Quench water from Unit 1 quench tank Inlet
to the overflow
pH 11.91
Conductivity 4900 (nricromhos/cm)
Water Temperature 36.3°C
Key Facts Regarding This Facility Arc:
Facility accepts municipal* commercial, and Industrial wastes
(approximately SOX 1s Industrial).
Facility has 2 units with start-up dates of December 1981, and March
1982.
Each unit capacity 1s 100 tons/day.
Incineration temperature 1s 1800-2000°F.
Process achieves approximately a 90% reduction in volume, and a 50%
reduction 1n weight.
No bulk liquids, however, sometimes paper products may be soaked with
various industrial fluids, and run through the plant.
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C-34-6-7-230
TO: HA IA ROFFMAN
FROM: RICK AOKISSON
JUKE 23, 1987 - PAGE TOO
Quench water tank contains approximately 101 fly ash, and 90S bottom ash.
t Plant uses a modified Rotary Barrel design with electrostatic
predpltators, and no scrubbers for fly ash control.
When both units are operational, they produce 50,000 Ibs. of steam/hour.
Roughly 18,000-20,000 Ibs. water/hour are required for system make-up.
Ash 1s landfllled 13 miles from the plant. The landfill has no leachate
collection system, no Hner, and no run-off diversion system.
The percentage of weight reduction achieved 1s dependent upon the quench
water ash cooling tank process which significantly Increases the ash
weight (estimated at 101 moisture content Immediately following the tank
cooling), as well as the amount of Industrial scrap metal run at any one
time.
Four (4) VOAs shipped to NUS Pittsburgh Laboratory under Federal Express
Airbill No. 4399042362 on June 3, 1987.
RA/lmd
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C-34-6-7-231
TRIP REPORT
LEACHATE SAM>LING OF LANDFILL
FACILITY B
JUNE 3, 1987
TO: HAIA ROFFNAN
FROM: RICK AOKISSON
DATE: JUNE 23, 1987
Facility B Introduction
Facility B was visited on June 3, 1987. Both a quench water and a leachate
water sample were obtained. These samples were obtained from the same
locations. Versar had obtained their samples 1n September of 1986. The
insitu measurements were as follows:
Sample Number Q2 (Quench water taken from sample location as
Versar. Taken in the surface drainage channel
below the Ash Fill Area.
L2 (Leachate sample collected at the NE comer
of the landfill).
pH ' 12.09
7.44
Conductivity 5100 (m1cromhos/cm)
4200 (micromhos/cm)
Water Temperature 32.5°C
27.5°C
Key Facts Regarding This Facility Are:
Facility accepts mostly municipal waste (80%), commercial waste (18%),
and some Industrial waste (2%).
Facility has two 360 ton capacity units, and one 400 ton capacity unit.
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C-34-6-7-231
TO: HAIA ROFFMAM
FROM: RICK ADKISSON
JUNE 23, 1987 - PAGE TWO
t The 400 ton unit was operational approximately 6 months ago, while both
360 ton units became operational In 1974.
Incineration temperature 1s about 1800°F.
Process achieves approximately a 90S reduction In volume, and a 70S
reduction in weight.
No bulk liquids are accepted.
Plant uses a mass burn, water wall stoker, grate design with
electrostatic preclpltators, and no scrubbers for fly ash control.
Both bottom and fly ash are mixed prior to landfill Ing and during the
cooling process.
Cooling process Involves the spraying of water through jets Instead of
using a quench water tank system.
t Yearly average of waste handled on a dally basis 1s 634.70 tons/day.
t Apparently landfill (5 miles from plant) has no leachate collection
system, no Uner, and no run-off diversion system.
Quench water from plant Is discharged Into the sanitary sewer.
Eight (8) VOAs shipped to NUS Pittsburgh Laboratory under Federal Express
Airbill No. 4399042362.
RA/lmd
8
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C-34-6-7-117
TRIP REPORT
LEACHATE SAMPLING OF LANDFILL
FACILITY C
JUNE 2, 1987
TO: HAIA ROFFMAN
FROM: TERRY ROJAHN
DATE: JUNE 23, 1987
Facility C Introduction
Facility C 1s 18 years old and has a fill area of 60 acres. Approximately
450-500 tons of solid waste Is Incinerated 1n a 24-hour period; or, 150,000
tons Incinerated and subsequently disposed of by this facility 1n a 'period
of one year. At the present rate of filling this facility should last to the
year 2020. The Incineration process consumes approximately 70% of the solid
waste and the remaining 30% comes out as ash, metal and glass. Ninty percent
of the waste accepted by this facility is of the household type and the
remaining ten percent comes from industry. As the pile is filled it is
covered with top soil and extended 1n a northwardly direction. The landfill
has no liner; however, plans to construct a catch basin for the leachate water
coming from a seep at the notheast comer of the presently disturbed fill area
is in progress. Leachate water will be trapped in the catch basin and pumped
via PVC piping to the sewage line west of the fill area.
Brihkman.
Facility C Stapling
Leachate Water: Sampled leachate seep at the northeast corner of the
landfill. Sampling Information was as follows:
Time 1410 Hours
pH 8.58
Temperature 33.3°C
Specific Conductivity > 10,000
Color Black
Turbidity High
Collection Method Stainless Steel Beaker
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C-34-6-7-117
TO: HAIA ROFFMMI
FROM: TERRY ROJAM
JUNE 23, 1987 - PAGE TO
Quench Water: At the time of the sampling the Incinerator units were fired up
but the plant was not operating due to loss of power to the grates cased by a
thunderstorm going through the area at approximately 1230 hours. Sampling
Information was as follows:
Time 1520 Hours
pH 5.68
Temperature 40.8°C
Specific conductivity 9,100
Color Black
Turbidity High
Collection Method Stainless Steel beaker
Remarks Sample collected at the weir overflow to
the sump
The above samples were deliverable to the NUS Laboratory for analysis (See
Attachment 1 - Cha1n-of-Custody Record).
Streaa Intonation
The stream flowing west to east running beneath the landfill was not sampled;
however, at three distinct locations (See Attachment 2):
o West of landfill (Location 1)
o East of landfill and before leachate seep point of entry (Location 2)
o East of landfill and after leachate seep point of entry (Location 3)
The following Information was obtained:
Location ' 1 23'
pH 7.71 8.22 8.47
Tempature 23.8°C 27.6°C 26.7°
Specific Conductivity 360 2000 2400
Color Tan Lt. tan Slightly darker
than Loc. 2
Turbidity MID MID MID
TR/s1c
10
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C-34-6-7-118
TRIP REPORT
LEACHATE SANPLING OF LANDFILL
FACILITY 0
JUNE 1, 1987
TO: HAIA HOFFMAN
FROM: TERRY ROJAHN
DATE: JUNE 23, 1987
Facility D Information
Facility 0 has an Intake of refuse at approximately 650 tons/day with a
reduction in volume of 75-902 after Incineration. Incineration takes place
on-s1te. Large bulky Items are segregated (ex. refrigerators, large paper
rolls, etc.) before Incineration to prevent conveyor blockage. Later
contractors haul bulky Items away for recycling at no charge Imposed by the
facility. For the most part municipal refuse (ex. bottles, fabric, tin cans,
tires, furniture, metal items small enough to pass through the conveyor system
etc.) 1s presently being burned and disposed of via Landfill 81 (age 5-6 years
old) as the old landfill, Landfill A (age 15 years old), was filled to
capacity. Residue Site Bl occupies a total area of 2.63 acres, and has a
capacity of approximately 96,216 cu. yds. Site Bl is almost filled to
capacity and plans for expansion are already in progress. The facility also
has plans to mix sewage sludge sometime in the future.
Facility D Sapling
Leachate Water:
Leachate water was sampled from a large area of standing water at the base of
the northeast corner of Landfill B. The area of standing water was littered
with debris (ex. rags, tires, cans, plastic, etc.) and nude of vegetation.
Sampling Information was as follows:
Time 1035 Hours
pH 8.12
Temperature 29.3°C
Specific Conductivity 9,300
Color Tan
Turbidity MID
Sampling Method Stainless Steel Beaker
Remarks Refuse odor, Insect larvae on water
surface, and occasional bubbling
action of water observed
13
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C-34-6-7-118
TO: HAIA HOFFMAN
FROM: TERRY ROJAHN
JUNE 23, 1987 - PAGE TO
Quench Water:
The quench water sample was obtained 1n the middle of the second shift from
the Unit 1 discharger as Unit 2 (where Versar took their samples) was shut
down. The following Information was obtlaned:
Time 1135 Hours
pH 11.73
Temperature 31.5°C
Specific Conductivity >10,000
Color clear
Turbidity Low
Sampling Method Sample was obtained by collecting
the drippings directly beneath the
discharger, because of the amount
of fine metal particles 1n the
quench water and the unsafe footing
at the end of the discharger
The above samples were delivered to the NUS Laboratory for analysis (see
Attachment 1).
Other Site Intonation
The small pond at the base of the south side of the old landfill (Landfill A)
was not sampled; however, the following Information was obtained:
Time 1110
pH 7.99
Temperature 13.7
Specific Conductivity 2,400
Color Green tint
Turbidity ' Low-MID
Remarks Pond contained aquatic vegetation
TR/sIc
14
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